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New Musical Based on the Life of Michael Jackson Will Premiere on Broadway in 2020
June 19th, 2018 | By Andy Lefkowitz
A new musical framed around the life and music of the late singer-songwriter Michael Jackson is currently in development, Columbia Live Stage and The Michael Jackson Estate have announced. The stage show is expected to arrive on Broadway in 2020.
The currently untitled musical will feature a book by two-time Pulitzer winner Lynn Nottage (Sweat) and a score made up of Jackson's song catalogue. Tony winner Christopher Wheeldon (An American in Paris) will direct and choreograph.
Jackson's many albums included Got to Be There (1972), Ben (1972), Music & Me (1973), Forever, Michael (1975), Off the Wall (1979), Thriller (1982), Bad (1987), Dangerous (1991), Book I (1995) and Invincible (2001). His hit singles comprised "Just Can't Stop Loving You," "The Way You Make Me Feel," "Man in the Mirror," "Dirty Diana," "Black or White" and "Remember the Time." Jackson was the recipient of 13 Grammy Awards.
Casting and a pre-Broadway production timeline for the Michael Jackson bio-musical will be announced at a later date.
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Spring flooding - let's get our story right
May 7, 2019 - 9:02am
People help fill sandbags to protect property in a flooded area of Constance Bay northwest of Ottawa on April 26, 2019. Photo by Kamara Morozuk/The National Observer
The floods that have devastated so much of Eastern Canada this spring have been cited as a "wake up call" that climate change is real. Many reports of the flooding cite climate change as the cause. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau himself has named climate change as the culprit and several journalists noted that the flooding probably forced the federal Conservatives to take climate change seriously and promise to come up with a plan to tackle it.
While no doubt climate change is a major factor in the floods that ravaged so many communities, it would be a mistake to lay all the blame there. For one thing, when most people talk about climate change, they are referring to a fairly specific definition of a climate negatively affected by an overload of greenhouse gas emissions. So their solution is all about reducing those emissions, as are their demands for action.
For another, the preferred solution put forward is carbon pricing, and is quickly becoming the flash point for the upcoming federal election. If you are for the climate, you are for carbon pricing. The problem with this simplistic solution is that it might lull many into thinking we have done what is needed and need do no more. This would be a travesty and unlikely to help us meet our climate goals, especially if another export pipeline is built.
But most important is that by concentrating on this narrow definition of climate change as the cause of these floods, we are in danger of missing a greater culprit: our collective abuse of our lakes, rivers and groundwater. Canadians take our water for granted. We have a “myth of abundance,” having been raised to see ourselves as water rich. We see water (and nature) as a resource for our pleasure and profit and have polluted, diverted, dammed, over-extracted and mismanaged our water sources mercilessly.
We have urbanized rapidly, paving over water-retentive rural landscapes and destroying streams and watersheds in our cities. Slovakian hydrologist Michal Kravcik has studied the water cycle in his own country and quantified the amount of rainfall that is no longer able to be absorbed by the soil due to urban sprawl. Our current methods of intensive industrial food production also destroy water-retentive soil, making it hard for floodwaters to find their way underground.
We are also destroying wetlands and forests, both of which are crucial for watershed protection and flood prevention. Canada has lost as much as 70 per cent of its wetlands in settled areas, and we now lead the planet in the degradation of previously untouched forests. And, as aquatic ecologist Les Stanfield wrote recently in the Globe and Mail, we have not protected the small water bodies that drain 70 to 80 per cent of a watershed’s catchment area. He calls those wetlands, swales and springs the “capillaries” of the land that provide the true capacity of a watershed to store water in times of overflow.
So please, as we try to assess the cause of these devastating floods, let us take the time to get our analysis right. We could curb every greenhouse gas emission in the world tomorrow (and transitioning to alternative energy sources must be a core goal) but we would still have a global water crisis. It is time to create a new water ethic that assesses the impact on water of all that we do and build a movement to honour, protect and restore our precious watersheds. Let this be our takeaway from these awful weeks.
Maude Barlow is the Honorary Chairperson of the Council of Canadians and the author of Boiling Point, Government Neglect, Corporate Abuse and Canada’s Water Crisis.
This opinion article was originally published in the National Observer.
Maude Barlow's blog
Honorary Chairperson, The Council of Canadians
@MaudeBarlow
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Race & Identity
Jussie Smollett Allegedly Staged Attack Because He Was Discontent With 'Empire' Salary, Police Say
The announcement comes after a series of reports indicating the actor orchestrated the alleged hoax.
Photo credit:Instagram/ABC
Jazzi Johnson
| February 21 2019,
Update (February 21, 2019): Jussie Smollett has turned himself into police after being deemed a suspect in connection to the alleged attack he reported to police on January 29. Smollett is now being charged with disorderly conduct for allegedly filing a false police report, which is a class four felony. According to Chicago PD, Smollett orchestrated the hoax because of work-related problems. The 36-year-old allegedly arranged to have a threatening letter sent to his workplace, calling him a "f****t" because he wanted a higher pay rate from the FOX show.
When the letter didn't yield the desired attention, cops claim the actor then paid two men $3,500 to stage an assault on him, reports CNN.
NEW: #JussieSmollet mugshot and booking info.@CharlieDeMar @tvbrad @cbschicago @CBSThisMorning @CBSNews @TMZ pic.twitter.com/AD8XSQf2hV
— Marissa Bailey (@MarissaBaileyTV) February 21, 2019'
On Wednesday, Chief Communications Officer of the Chicago Police Department Anthony Guglielmi tweeted Smollett was being charged.
Case Update: Jussie Smollett is now officially classified as a suspect in a criminal investigation by #ChicagoPolice for filing a false police report (Class 4 felony). Detectives are currently presenting evidence before a Cook County Grand Jury. pic.twitter.com/FhDcbBKsuU
— Anthony Guglielmi (@AJGuglielmi) February 20, 2019'
The announcement came after a series of reports began to indicate the Empire actor and philanthropist conspired with two brothers who served as extras on the Fox show in orchestrating what was believed to be a hate crime. Earlier on Wednesday, video surveillance showed the two Nigerian brothers initially suspected of carrying out the attack purchasing rope, ski masks and other items purportedly used in the reported attack.
Smollett is now in police custody.
Also on Wednesday, the Chicago Police Department determined a tip it received suggesting Jussie Smollett met with the brothers arrested in connection with his alleged attack last month was unfounded. The meeting was said to have taken place in an elevator in Smollett's apartment complex. Time reports investigators reviewed elevator security footage from the complex and found no evidence to support the tip.
Chicago police reportedly still want to hear from Smollett, and CBS 2 reports at least twelve search warrants have been cleared in hopes of moving the investigation forward.
As police work their way through the evidence, a grand jury is reportedly preparing to look into the alleged attack, as well. Olabinjo and Abimbola Osundairo, two Chicago brothers who were briefly arrested in connection with the incident, were set to testify before that jury Wednesday. However, CBS reports their testimonies were postponed after Smollett's legal team contacted Cook County prosecutors.
Although the county's state's attorney, Kim Foxx, would typically be involved in a grand jury proceeding, Foxx has recused herself from the case. Foxx’s spokeswoman released a one-sentence statement to explain why, according to ABC News.
"Out of an abundance of caution, the decision to recuse herself was made to address potential questions of impartiality based upon familiarity with potential witnesses in the case," the statement read.
The office has confirmed that Foxx’s first assistant attorney, Joseph Magats, will work as the acting state attorney on this case.
Original: Two Nigerian siblings arrested as potential suspects in the Jussie Smollett attack have been released by Chicago Police.
Within 12 hours of their detainment, Olabinjo and Abimbola Osundairo were released due to the discovery of new evidence, according to The New York Times. Police raided their apartment Wednesday and found items such as bleach and scripts that could link them to the assault on the Empire co-star.
"Due to new evidence as a result of today’s interrogations, the individuals questioned by police in the Empire case have now been released without charging and detectives have additional investigative work to complete,” Anthony Guglielmi, the Chicago Police Department spokesman, said in a statement.
Case Update: Due to new evidence as a result of today's interrogations, the individuals questioned by police in the Empire case have now been released without charging and detectives have additional investigative work to complete. pic.twitter.com/Hswn1Qjgcy
The new evidence in question was not disclosed, but police said it was obtained during questioning. According to The Chicago Tribune, the Osundairo brothers played football at Quincy University and then launched a career in acting and bodybuilding. Reports state both men had small background roles on the hit Fox show.
Their attorney, Gloria Schmidt, expressed concern for her clients. She told media the brothers did not understand why they were arrested to begin with.
“They’re really baffled why they are people of interest. They really don’t understand how they even got information that linked them to this horrific crime. But they’re not guilty of it. They know that the evidence is going to prove them innocent. They send their best to Jussie.”
The two men had been questioned by police over the past two days and were formally arrested Friday. Although the attackers were believed to be white, CBS Chicago reports the detained men are of Nigerian descent.
Last Thursday, Chicago police spokesman Anthony Guglielmi said the brothers were people of interest and not yet suspects. According to NBC News, the men were apprehended by police at Chicago's O'Hare International Airport after they returned from a trip to Nigeria Wednesday.
The men were questioned, and police obtained a warrant to search their home. Police reportedly found an Empire script, a black balaclava, a red hat, bleach, receipts and a phone.
Gloria Schmidt, an attorney for the brothers, said the men have worked on the Empire set and were "baffled" to learn they were people of interest.
“When they first learned about what happened to him they were horrified," Schmidt said. "This is someone they know. This is someone they’ve worked with, so they don’t want to see somebody go through that."
The attorney added, "They really don't understand how [the police] even got information that linked them to this horrific crime. They're not guilty of it. They know that the evidence is going to prove them innocent."
The police reportedly identified the brothers using surveillance cameras near the location Smollett said the incident occurred. It is also reported that the brothers live near this location.
Smollett has yet to comment on the arrest. As Blavity reported, the actor appeared on Good Morning America last Thursday and told his story publicly for the first time.
"I heard 'Empire,' and I don’t answer to Empire," Smollett said. "My name ain’t 'Empire,' and I didn’t answer. I kept walking, and then I heard 'f****t Empire n****r.' So, I turned around, and I said, 'The f**k did you just say to me?'”
“'This MAGA country, n****r.' Punches me right in the face," Smollett continued. "So I punched his a** back. And then we started tussling, and it was very icy.”
Jussie Smollett Addresses Cynics While Discussing Alleged Racist, Homophobic Attack On 'GMA': 'I'm Pissed Off'
Smollett Family Speaks Out For The First Time Since Jussie Smollett Attack, Responds To Those Say Assault Was A Hoax
Jussie Smollett Sets The Record Straight On Alleged Assault During Return To The Stage: 'I Fought The F**k Back'
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Harry S. Truman: 33rd President of the United States
By Abigail Bekx. May 8, 2019. 9:00 AM.
Topics: American History
President Harry S. Truman was not always a popular president. Rather like Donald Trump in the Trump/Clinton Election of 2016, when Truman ran for reelection, most predicted a loss for him. The mainstream media had written him off, and polls inaccurately portrayed his chances. He shocked the country when he managed to pull off the victory on election day. His work as both a war time and peace time president sets him apart from many leaders who can only accomplish one leadership style.
Pre-Presidency
Harry Truman was born May 8, 1884 in Lamar, Missouri. After graduating from high school in 1901, he worked as a timekeeper and a bank clerk before returning to his family farm to help his father. He served in the 129th Field Artillery in France during World War I and was promoted to captain, eventually joining the reserve after the war where he became a colonel. In 1919, he married Bess Wallace, who gave birth to their only child, mystery author Mary Truman, in 1924. Truman was elected as a judge in 1922, establishing a reputation that helped him be elected to the United States Senate in 1934. After his reelection in 1940, he headed the Truman Committee, which investigated the National Defense Program.
In 1944, Truman was elected to run as Vice President with President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who died after only 82 days into his fourth term in office. Truman took over as as president, and during his first year in office, Truman helped end World War II in Europe, approved the use of two atomic bombs against Japan, ending the war in the Pacific Theater, and helped found the United Nations.
Much of Truman’s presidency was marked by his efforts to prevent the Soviet Union from expanding its influence, a strategy that became known as the Truman Doctrine. For his domestic policies, Truman focused on trying to extend FDR’s New Deal and introducing new civil rights legislation, neither of which gained any traction in the Republican Congress, pushing Truman to use executive orders.
When he ran for election in 1948, no one gave Truman much of a chance of winning. He took a hard stance on civil rights which many in his party thought would ostracize their "Dixiecrat" voter-base in the south. The Democratic party appeared to be on the brink of disaster in its first major election following FDR's death. But Truman took to the American people, and journeyed across the country to speak to voters. This seemed to make all the difference.
Still, the majority of the press thought that Republican candidate Thomas Dewey was a shoo-in for president. The polls gave Dewey a clear advantage; however, they were mostly compiled based on phone call data. Many of Truman's supporters didn't own telephones, which could have been one way the polling results were skewed. Likewise, the timing of when the poll data were collected could have missed Truman's increase in popularity with the American people. As it was, Truman ended up winning the election with 303 electoral votes to Dewey's 189. Strom Thurmond, who ran on a Dixiecrat ticket, obtained 39 electoral votes.
In his second term, Truman dealt with the Korean War, Soviet interference, and an attempted assassination. When he left office, his approval rating was in the mid 30%.
Post Presidency
After retiring from the presidency, Truman moved back to Independence, Missouri in 1953. He oversaw the construction of his presidential library and continued to work in his office there after its completion. There, he spent his time preserving his legacy. The first volume of his memoirs was published in 1955, followed by the second volume in 1956. Despite retiring, Truman never left his public life behind. He regularly commented on politics and actively campaigned against Eisenhower in 1956. Truman died on December 26, 1972 and was buried in the courtyard of his presidential library.
Written by historian David McCullough, Truman gives a chronological biography of President Truman’s life. McCullough examines Truman’s life and the decisions made during Truman’s presidency, covering topics from the atomic bombs used on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to the meeting with Joseph Stalin to the Korean War.
A second notable work on Truman’s life is Robert Hugh Ferrell’s Harry S. Truman: A Life. Despite being overshadowed by McCullough’s similar work, Ferrell’s contribution was praised by other scholars in his field when it was first released in 1994.
Another work of note is Truman’s autobiography, The Autobiography of Harry S. Truman. Consisting of a compilation of Truman’s writings from between 1934 and 1972, he discusses his life before his terms in office and his time as president.
Biographical Sketch: Harry S. Truman. (n.d.). Accessed March 23, 2019, here.
Freidel, Frank and High Sidey. (2006). Harry S. Truman. Accessed March 23, 2019, here.
Hamby, Alonzo L. (n.d.). Harry S. Truman: Life After the Presidency. Accessed March 23, 2019, here.
Abigail Bekx
Reader, writer, and grammar nerd. Loves reading Harry Potter, Jane Austen, and Charlotte Brontë, and forcing her family to listen to her rants on how books are better than movies.
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CHRIS HODGE TRUCKS
USED COMMERCIAL TRUCKS FOR SALE IN THE UK
Chris Hodge Commercials Limited is a family firm with an enviable reputation for supplying high-quality commercial trucks and trailers. Incorporated in 1982, CHC is well known throughout the road transport industry both in the UK and abroad. Yet despite having grown to become one of the largest independent user truck dealers in the county it remains very much a family-run and family-owned business, with real family values.
The Hodge family has been involved in transport throughout the 20th century – in fact since the days of horses and carts. Based in Greenwich, Allan and Julian Hodge (Chris’s father and brother) taking care of sales and operations. Today the business is run by Chris Hodge whose Grandfather Reg Hodge originally operated a series of transport companies in the 1940s, 50s and 60s from coal haulage and storage to passenger coach operations.
In 1992 the company moved to its current custom-built premises, and today has some 4,000 active customers ranging from single-vehicle owner-drivers to multi-national PLCs with all sizes and types of companies in-between! We supply vehicles throughout the world, and pride ourselves on being able to deliver the right truck for the job – whatever (and wherever) that job is, everytime. So whatever your interest in the world of commercial vehicles – from buying and selling trucks and vans to haulage history or truck racing, we’re here to help you.
10 THINGS YOU MIGHT NOT KNOW ABOUT CHRIS HODGE COMMERCIALS.
We love truck racing! The Chris Hodge Truck Racing Development team, sponsored by global diesel engine giant Caterpillar won the FIA European Supertruck Drivers’ Championship in 1997 and again in 2000, and the Constructors’ Championship in 2002.
We’re passionate about trucks and especially their history. Together with photographs originally from Commercial Motor magazine we’ve created an unrivalled image bank called ‘Stilltime Collection’ which has one of the largest collections of historic truck and transportation photos in the world.
We export to over 20 different countries throughout the world, not only supplying vehicle to regular haulage companies but also to aid organisations, charity concerns and World Bank-sponsored projects.
We regularly modify standard vehicles to create unique ‘customer specials’ including horse boxes, mobile class-rooms, race support vehicles and outside catering units for the film and entertainment industry.
We provide a full advisory service to companies on both vehicle procurement and disposal and have notable consultation client list which includes major blue chip companies.
If you want your truck to be liveried then we can do it for you. From initial graphic design work, through sign-writing or decals right up to full vehicle painting and vinyl ‘wrapping’.
Together we have more than 100 years experience in buying and selling used trucks and vans.
We can supply a truck with ‘non-standard’ specialist bodywork whether it’s a furniture pantechnicon, skip loader or dedicated recycling vehicle.
We check all ancillary equipment on our trucks including fridge’s, tail-lifts and cranes providing servicing and safety certification depending on customer requirements.
We’re not just into trucks either! ‘Seactive’, a new venture into marine technology by CHC, has developed a highly innovative suspension system for the crewmembers of high-speed boats that significantly improves their comfort and safety. Seactive is currently working closely with MoD.
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It was carved with cherubim and palm trees; and a palm tree was between cherub and cherub, and every cherub had two faces, a man's face toward the palm tree on one side and a young lion's face toward the palm tree on the other side; they were carved on all the house all around. From the ground to above the entrance cherubim and palm trees were carved, as well as on the wall of the nave. The doorposts of the nave were square; as for the front of the sanctuary, the appearance of one doorpost was like that of the other. The altar was of wood, three cubits high and its length two cubits; its corners, its base and its sides were of wood And he said to me, "This is the table that is before the LORD." The nave and the sanctuary each had a double door. Each of the doors had two leaves, two swinging leaves; two leaves for one door and two leaves for the other. Also there were carved on them, on the doors of the nave, cherubim and palm trees like those carved on the walls; and there was a threshold of wood on the front of the porch outside. There were latticed windows and palm trees on one side and on the other, on the sides of the porch; thus were the side chambers of the house and the thresholds. Share Your Faith Products
Then to Adam He said, "Because you have listened to the voice of your wife, and have eaten from the tree about which I commanded you, saying, 'You shall not eat from it'; Cursed is the ground because of you; In toil you will eat of it All the days of your life. "Both thorns and thistles it shall grow for you; And you will eat the plants of the field; By the sweat of your face You will eat bread, Till you return to the ground, Because from it you were taken; For you are dust, And to dust you shall return." Share Your Faith Products
Our Gift Shop is full of amazing products that we think you might like that compliment many of our wall arts. All the items in our Gift Shop are made by other companies. When you click on one to purchase you will be directed to Amazon to make the purchase. Please note that those purchases are not covered by our guarantees. All purchases, refunds, exchanges, or service issues must be dealt with through Amazon. However, at no cost to you, we make a small commission when you purchase through our links. We greatly appreciate that support as it allows us to help keep the price on our wall arts down. Thank you in advance for any purchases you make through our Gift Shop.
The porch which was in front of the house was as long as the width of the house, twenty cubits, and the height 120; and inside he overlaid it with pure gold. He overlaid the main room with cypress wood and overlaid it with fine gold, and ornamented it with palm trees and chains. Further, he adorned the house with precious stones; and the gold was gold from Parvaim.read more.
So he made two doors of olive wood, and he carved on them carvings of cherubim, palm trees, and open flowers, and overlaid them with gold; and he spread the gold on the cherubim and on the palm trees. So also he made for the entrance of the nave four-sided doorposts of olive wood and two doors of cypress wood; the two leaves of the one door turned on pivots, and the two leaves of the other door turned on pivots. He carved on it cherubim, palm trees, and open flowers; and he overlaid them with gold evenly applied on the engraved work.
and in the cutting of stones for settings and in the carving of wood, so as to perform in every inventive work. "He also has put in his heart to teach, both he and Oholiab, the son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan. "He has filled them with skill to perform every work of an engraver and of a designer and of an embroiderer, in blue and in purple and in scarlet material, and in fine linen, and of a weaver, as performers of every work and makers of designs. Christian Gifts
To see if ShippingPass is right for you, try a 30-day free trial. Also, with ShippingPass, there is no need to worry about commitment. If you decide you want to discontinue the service, you can cancel your subscription at any time. No matter what your shipping needs, Walmart's got you covered. Sign up for ShippingPass so you can shop more, save money and live better. Christian Canvas Art
For I want you to know how great a struggle I have for you and for those at Laodicea and for all who have not seen me face to face, that their hearts may be encouraged, being knit together in love, to reach all the riches of full assurance of understanding and the knowledge of God's mystery, which is Christ, in whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge. I say this in order that no one may delude you with plausible arguments. For though I am absent in body, yet I am with you in spirit, rejoicing to see your good order and the firmness of your faith in Christ. ... Scripture Verse Wall Art
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Tag / Record Store Day
April 18, 2015 April 18, 2015 by hutchwp
Record Store Day 2015 – The Result
Alfred Hitchcock, Music, Record Store Day
Alfred Hitchcock, David Bowie, Foo Fighters, Gaz Coombes, R.E.M., Record Store Day, Record Store Day 15, RSD15, Supergrass, Syd Barrett, The Moomins, The White Stripes
I’ve just got home from Nottingham after visiting Rough Trade for Record Store Day. It has become somewhat of a pilgrimage for my wife and I who do this every year and we always have a great day out with today being no exception. I have to say that Rough Trade has been the best experience I’ve ever had at a Record Store Day event, and the fun is still going on as I type. Get down there quick!
Supergrass – Sofa (of my Lethargy)
As I mentioned in my preview, top of the bill was a 7″ vinyl pressing of Supergrass track “Sofa (of my Lethargy)”. It was fantastic to hear that this was finally being released. A promotional CD had been sent around to radios ahead of the Mercury Music Prize on 12th September 1995, which was a couple of months after “Alright” (and “Time”, technically) had infested the charts and infected the subconscious of an entire nation. Previously the only way to hear the radio edit was to get hold of that promo CD or a copy of the Ten Albums of the Year promotional CD issued as a tie-in with the Mercury Music Prize that year. Finally, however, this release has seen the light of day and allows “Sofa…” to sit pretty with the rest of my Supergrass 7″ vinyl singles, in all its luscious green glory.
However, for the die-hard Supergrass fans out there, there is also a much more interesting track on the b-side. Titled “I Believe In Love”, it is an out-take from the “I Should Coco” sessions from 1995 and represents the first new Supergrass material to be released since the “Rebel In You” b-side “Car Crash” in 2008 (also a vinyl-exclusive). It’s a nice catchy summer tune with a memorable “Ba ba ba ba ba ba ba ba” chorus. It sits somewhere between early Supergrass and stuff most of the band had been producing as part of The Jennifers, though it doesn’t give any of the album tracks a run for their money. A nice track to hear and I’m sure it will see the light of day on a CD re-issue sooner or later.
Matt Berry / Mark Morriss – This Is The Lie (and That’s the Truth) / October Sun
I’m a huge fan of Mark Morriss, who has been working hard since the break up in 2011 of The Bluetones. One of his projects is playing rhythm guitar in Matt Berry and The Maypoles. Another is as a solo artist in his own right, most recently releasing the excellent 2013 album A Flash of Darkness. Combining these two elements, this Acid Jazz Records release (the home of both Mark and Matt) sees Mark cover Matt track “October Sun” as the AA-side, whilst the A-side is a version of “This Is The Lie (And That’s the Truth)” by Matt Berry. Both tracks are excellent and this item is a must have for fans of either, especially given that the songs contained aren’t available anywhere else. Keep an ear out for the new psychedelic ending to the A-side, which takes the song in a whole new direction.
Syd Barrett / R.E.M. – Dark Globe / Dark Globe
One of many Side-by-Side releases this Record Store Day, this item sees the song “Dark Globe” performed by its original writer and performer Syd Barrett and what many consider the definitive version as performed by R.E.M. The latter originally included it as the b-side to “Orange Crush”, though it later reappeared on the b-side to one of their biggest hits “Everybody Hurts” after successfully being included as a regular on their touring setlist. I have to say, R.E.M. take the bare-bones of a song and turn it into something haunting, revealing layers that aren’t even evident in the original version. This is a nice artifact for fans of Pink Floyd and R.E.M. (of which there are many), but it’s also a really effective way to compare the two versions. It may seem a little more back-to-back than side-to-side, but somehow it works.
Graham Miller and Steve Shill – The Moomins Theme
A bit of an oddball release this one, but not so if you’re aware of the Finders Keepers record label. Whilst the label website provides a comprehensive overview of what they do there, it is essentially a label lovingly overseen by Andy Votel and Doug Shipton who dedicate a disproportionate amount of their time to seeking out obscure, rare and forgotten music from around the globe, with a heavy emphasis on soundtracks of (usually) unknown films. The results are more often than not astounding and I’ve never been disappointed with a release.
The item we get this Record Store Day is a debut release for The Moomins Theme as created by Graeme Miller and Steve Shill. It was a UK-specific release as they were hired to re-soundtrack the show ahead of it being brought to UK television screens in 1983. The contents of the vinyl are quirky but worth the attention that has already been afforded by those behind the release. The packaging alone is worth your money – a hand-stitched fuzzy felt sleeve in one of two designs (approximately 450 each). Snap it up before it disappears for another 32 years!
One of my favourite items from Record Store 2015
I was able to pick up three (THREE!) David Bowie releases, the nicest of which is probably the “Changes” picture disc. There was also a lovely Foo Fighters 10″ vinyl titled “Songs From The Laundry Room”, which features demos of two tracks from their debut eponymous release, plus a cover of Kim Wilde’s “Kids In America” and a new track “Empty Handed”. The White Stripes released “Get Behind Me Satan” on vinyl for the first time, which I was lucky enough to locate. Finally, I was extremely pleased to find the Silva Screens Records release of the Psycho orchestral themes, which is a beautiful piece for cinephiles like myself.
I missed out on Paul McCartney’s “The Family Way OST”, though I’m hoping to pick it up at a later date. One missed item from such a long list isn’t bad, even though I did have to set my alarm to 2am to guarantee my luck.
Record Store Day 2015 – Preview
David Bowie, Record Store Day, RSD, RSD2015, Supergrass
For those not in the know, Record Store Day is an annual event where independent record stores across the globe release a host of exclusive limited vinyl records with the intention of boosting the popularity of local independent record stores. It’s always a fantastic day where collectors and fans come together to get their hands on something special.
I’ll be down at Rough Trade Nottingham tomorrow morning from a very early hour. I usually go to Rockaboom in Leicester but have been tempted over by the massive events going on in the vicinity. It looks set to be a great morning and a fantastic way to celebrate the wonder that is The Record Store.
I have a number of items I want to pick up, but the priority is the Supergrass 7″ “Sofa (of my Lethargy)”. I don’t really know why it’s being released but it is intriguing. I have every Supergrass vinyl single, including the likes of “Never Heard Nothing Like That Before” and “Rebel In You”, so missing this would seriously damage my internal OCD tendencies.
Elsewhere Gaz Coombes has his latest single “Detroit” available and that should be popular due to its constant playing on BBC 6 Music. I won’t reveal what else I’ll be looking for in case it causes a spike in popularity, but I’ll update tomorrow with how it goes.
Maybe I’ll see you down there.
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D and G, whomever and wherever you are, I wish I could have been your K. I hope you’re having a wonderful, John-free year.
He folded himself into the middle seat and frowned at the petite woman at the window. She didn’t need all of the luxury that the seat afforded: room to lean, room to gaze out at the scenery, room to take the inevitable selfies those of her generation tended to do.
It hadn’t occurred to him the woman he was dating was about the same age as the blonde in the window seat. Not that Diane was more mature than her 24 years; it could be said she was a little less put-together than her peers. But he’d conveniently forgotten Diane was 20 years his junior because he’d decided she was special; certainly not in the same league as the tracksuit-clad woman to his right.
He reminded himself he wasn’t actually dating Diane at the moment. Diane had called it off a few weeks earlier—right before the holidays—and headed to her home town of Minneapolis. “I can’t do this anymore, John,” she’d texted. “It’s been over two years. I need to move on. You should, too.”
John arranged the frayed nylon seatbelt over his paunch and pulled it tight, snapping the steel clasp into place. He squinted at his phone; he’d left his reading glasses in his carry-on secured in the overhead bin, and he adjusted the phone settings to make the text larger. He reread Diane’s sentiments and scrolled down to review his responses. He’d at first sent logical arguments why they should continue (none of them including a promise to commit), and then sent increasingly embellished pleas for contact. If Diane responded at all, which was infrequent, they were usually of few words and no emotion: “Don’t contact me.”
But her last response gave him a twinge of hope. He’d caught her in a weak moment, possibly tipsy on the Trader Joe’s wine she bought in bulk, and she’d given him a bit more to work with.
“John. I’ve loved you more than anyone I’ve ever loved before, and that’s why this needs to stop. You can’t give me what I need, and it’s unfair of me to ask that of you. Please let me go.”
It was the “Please let me go” that got John’s attention. He was familiar with this plea. It was the subtle shift of power to himself. If she’s begging to be let go, it means he still has influence over her. A different woman would have stopped responding (and John knew there was nothing to work with there). But begging to be let go signified he still had her and could choose to release her—or not. And with cute, feisty, really-good-in-bed Diane, this was worth the effort. He was sure if he could see her, he could get her back. Everything could return to normal.
The window-seat woman was curled up in her parka. She relaxed her feet, and in so doing dipped her fleece-cocooned toes into his foot space. He felt a surge of resentment for her; she got the window seat and she still needs to encroach on his meager allotment? He pressed his Italian loafer-shod foot against the plush atrocity. It worked; the Ugg retreated.
As ugly as they were, he realized those boots were probably more appropriate for a Minnesota December. In his eagerness to get on a plane, he hadn’t checked the weather at his destination. And while the New York streets were, at the moment, kind to his expensive shoes, he doubted Minneapolis would be as forgiving.
He looked over the dozing businessman to his left toward his teenaged son across the aisle. He was forehead-deep in his phone, thumb-typing with the speed only those who have grown up with such devices could do. He was happy to be going to Minneapolis with his dad, and didn’t mind his own middle seat at all. He’d been bribed with a ticket to see one of his favorite bands at First Avenue, a ticket that was impossible to get, a ticket than had cost John a considerable amount of money. There hadn’t been one word of dissent since.
The plane was accelerating for takeoff. He rolled the text on his screen to Diane’s last message, “Please let me go.” She’d sent it on Christmas Day, three days ago, and had gone silent since. He tapped on the keyboard quickly with his forefinger, not as efficiently as his son.
“D. I’m on a plane to Minneapolis right now. I need to see you. Feel you. Touch you. The last few weeks have been a misery for me, as I’m sure they have been for you. You are the most beautiful, loving, caring, woman I’ve ever met, and I’m sorry I haven’t been able to give you want you want and need.”
John paused for a few minutes, phone in hand, while the flight attendants asked for the passengers’ complete attention while they went through the safety procedures. When they finished, he continued.
“I’m ready to talk about our future. Mine and yours, together. I thought I could continue my life in in the same way I always have, but the emptiness I feel has proved me wrong. D, you are my everything. My north, my south, my east, my west. All I need is a few minutes of your time. In person. Let’s have dinner and talk. Just talk. Let’s talk about what you want, what you need for me to make this right.”
The announcement was made; they had reached 10,000 feet. John left the text unsent and pulled out his MacBook Air from under the seat. Writing from a middle seat was tricky, and he took up most of the armrest he shared with window-seat girl. She shot him a look, then turned her attention out the window. He almost hoped she’d say something.
He connected to the airline’s wifi and consulted his email. There was a message from Gaia, as he’d predicted.
“I’d hoped you’d bring T and spend New Year’s Eve with us, as a family, as we’d originally planned. I’m trying to be patient, John. I really am. I’m trying to give you the space you need. But a last-minute trip to Minneapolis, without consulting me, without time to have a discussion, just to show off what a great dad you are isn’t a sign you’re ready to be a family again. Sending your son off to see a show when you should be spending time with him tells me your family isn’t important right now.
It feels like when you were sneaking around. I don’t like that feeling, John. I don’t like being put on the defensive again, like I have to police your movements. You’re the one who had the affair. Shouldn’t you be the one to reassure me? Showing me you’re serious about fixing this? This isn’t a good step in that direction. I’d like you to think about this for our next counseling session.”
John pursed his lips. He hated when she brought up the affair, which she did often. It was her One Thing. Of course, whatever grievances he had about her contributions to their marital problems (and there were many, he thought) didn’t matter, because the One Thing overshadowed all. Whenever there was something she didn’t like, she rolled out the One Thing and put it in front of him, quietly, calmly, like setting the table for dinner. There was no embellishment, no judgment, simply the One Thing staring him in the face.
They had talked about the One Thing repeatedly over the last few months when his relationship with Diane had been discovered. “Yes, Gaia, yes. I did that. It was a mistake. I’ve apologized repeatedly. I’ve said I’m sorry. When do I stop being punished for this?”
“When I believe you,” Gaia had said, and the conversation stopped there.
There was a lurch of turbulence. The woman at the window seat startled awake, John noted with some satisfaction. As he turned back to his email she frowned at his elbow on the armrest. She pulled her Victoria’s Secret canvas bag from under her seat, found her sunglasses after some considerable digging, and placed them on her face. John saw all of this from the corner of his eye. “Who wears sunglasses on a plane?” he thought. Maybe she was hungover. Who knew.
He touched his fingertips to the keyboard.
I know you’ve been through a lot. So have the boys. So have I. How do you think it makes me feel to know I’ve caused all of this pain? To have to live with the fact I created the mess we’re in? You can’t imagine the guilt. It consumes me daily. And to have you bring it up again is like a knife to my gut. How long will it take, G? How long?
I didn’t want to be at New Year’s as a family until I feel like I’m worthy enough to do so. I’m not there yet. The concert for T was a convenient excuse to get away, not a “show off.” I’m sorry it was last minute, but I saw the opportunity and took it.
I need time in the cold to feel the frost I’ve created in this marriage, the warmth I’ve denied you, the ice that’s formed around your heart. I need to feel what you feel, G. I need to be alone shivering in the snow so when I come home to you, it’s with the appreciation of the heat of heart and home I don’t think I have right now.
G, you have always been there for me. You didn’t see this, but when you told me there was a chance for reconciliation I wept. I went behind closed doors and wept for pure joy. I have behaved badly. But you, G, you are pure light and forgiveness. And without forgiveness, there can be no true love.
I’m hoping beyond all hope you can extend that forgiveness toward me when I come home. Home to you.
John looked over his email, nodded, and hit “Send.”
The woman at the window seat was taking selfies. John turned at looked at her full in the face, with a look of complete contempt. In response, she stuck out her tongue, flashed the peace sign, and snapped.
John shook his head, marveling at the narcissism of that generation. He tucked the laptop into the seat pocket and pulled out his phone. He continued his message to Diane.
“I’ve sent T to a concert. And you know how much I love him. I’m giving up something precious—time with my boy—to spend a few moments with you. That has to mean something, right? Doesn’t this prove how serious I am? I am willing to sacrifice time and family for you, D, my beautiful girl, full of light and forgiveness.
I made a mistake, D. But you know there can be no true love without forgiveness. You know love has to be fought for and won. I didn’t know that until now. I thought love was something that was given and taken, not earned and bestowed. But you know that. You are the embodiment of all that is good. You are my soulmate.
Please see me. If begging is required, then this is it. Please, D. Let me make our love whole.
More selfies were being taken to his right. John ignored her. With relief, he noticed she’d stopped taking pictures and instead turned her attention to texting. She was fast like his boy was.
John settled into his seat, taking over both armrests again and, as he dozed, allowed his right loafer to ease into his seatmate’s area. He made no attempts to readjust.
A sinking in his stomach let him know the plane had begun its descent. John sat up, blinking, and pulled out his phone. Diane had returned his message.
“Come by my mom’s house around 8:00. She’ll be out. We’ll talk then.”
He smiled. He was usually able to get what he wanted; his combination of looks (though admittedly waning), charm, and wit went a long way. And, of course, his salary didn’t hurt. He’d only needed to dial up one of those attributes and all he’d ever wanted was his.
He glanced to his right. He could even have her. But she was too basic; he could get one of those in any Starbucks in any city in the world. John enjoyed a challenge, and he thought all he needed to do was to flash a smile and an American Express card in her direction and she’d be flat on her back in minutes.
The airport doors opened, treating him and his son to a rush of bitterly cold air and a swirl of snow. They checked into their hotel, and, though the music venue was in walking distance, John got his son an Uber to avoid the cold. After he was out of view, John shot a brief text, “I’m on my way,” and got his own Uber.
Diane’s mother, John knew, lived on the outskirts of the city in a nondescript house. They’d spend a clandestine weekend there over a year ago, and the address was still discreetly sequestered in his contacts. The Uber driver pulled up quickly and barely allowed John to exit the car before he sped away, eager to get out of the impending snowstorm.
The house was festooned with garish, twinkling lights; a neon Santa winked at him. He gave Santa a confident thumbs up and rang the doorbell.
It took longer than expected for the door to open, but when it did, there were two faces that greeted him, one a younger version of the other. Neither looked happy to see him.
“Hello, John,” Diane said. Her mother gave him a hard look with narrowed eyes.
“Hi, Diane, and Mrs. Bellows, of course. It’s good to see both of you.”
“You’re an asshole,” Diane’s mother hissed.
“Mom,” Diane said. “Please go in the other room.” Diane’s mother retreated, spitting, “Asshole!” as the house absorbed her.
Diane faced John but said nothing. She looked at him through the ajar door and made no move to invite him in. He noticed her eyes were red-rimmed and her skin pale.
“What’s going on? Can I come in?”
Diane remained silent, and held up her phone, the screen facing John. It showed a picture of himself on a plane, giving the photographer a sneer of contempt.
John frowned, struggling to understand. “What is this? How did you get it?”
Diane scrolled to another view. She read aloud with a trembling voice.
“Dear D and G,
You don’t know me, but I’m sitting next to a man I believe you’re both involved with. I’m very sorry to tell you this, but as something similar has happened to me, I thought you’d both like to know what’s going on. He’s playing you both. He’s hoping to keep both of you in his life. G, he’s still having the affair. D, he’s not planning on leaving G. I managed to take a few pictures of his screen of the messages he sent each of you as proof. They’re a little blurry, but I think they’re enough to give you an idea.
Again, I’m so very sorry. I know how much this hurts. I hope the new year treats you a lot better than John has.
From the back of the house came, “Prick!”
John remembered the window-seat woman and the selfies. He steadied his face toward Diane. “That’s a complete lie,” John said. “That girl was angry with me because—”
“Go away, John.”
“Wait.”
The door closed firmly and the deadbolt ka-chunked into place. He knocked, the Santa still winking, until Diane’s mother threatened to call the police. He walked to the end of the driveway and pulled out his phone.
There was a message from Gaia. It said simply: “Don’t come home.”
His hands shook as he launched the Uber app. “I can fix this,” he thought. He’d always been able to fix it. The Uber map glowed on his screen, but it showed no available cars nearby.
As the snow gathered around his feet, he looked down. His shoes were ruined.
Author KeriPosted on July 18, 2017 Categories BlogLeave a comment on Loafers
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Home » Who We Are » Our Staff
Stefan Kistler
Stefan took on the challenging opportunity to run the Chaikuni Institute in the northern Peruvian Amazon in mid-2018 and brings a breadth of experience in project management, indigenous peoplesâ rights, intercultural education, environmental management, advocacy and civil society activism.
Stefan is a political ecologist, holding a Bachelor degree in Development Studies from the University of Oslo and a Master of Science in International Environmental Studies from the Norwegian University of Life Sciences in Ã
s. Since 2008, and throughout his professional career, Stefan has worked at the interface of indigenous peoplesâ rights and forest conservation. He worked for almost five years as Program Coordinator at the Rainforest Foundation Norway, first in the Congo Basin and afterwards in Peru, and previously also led the environmental justice program of Alianza Arkana. He thus has varied experiences with project management, indigenous peoplesâ rights, intercultural education, environmental management, advocacy and civil society activism. Stefan is originally from Switzerland, but has been living most of his adult live abroad (Norway in particular). Since 2012, he has been living in Iquitos and first joined Chaikuni in early 2017 as Coordinator of the Intercultural Education Program.
Paula Playango
Paula brings a solid experience in administrative support to Chaikuni and joined the organization in mid-2018. Iquitos-born and raised, Paula feels strongly about working to preserve the Amazonian environment.
Paula graduated from the Scientific University of Peru in 2013 with Bachelors degree in Business Administration. Since the start of her professional career, Paula has focused her efforts in supporting projects related to conservation and indigenous communities. She previously worked with the Peruvian Society for Environmental Law (SPDA) as an Administrative Assistant and in 2016 joined the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) working in projects for the protection of the Amazonian environment in coordination with indigenous communities.
Alienor de Sas
Alienor joined the team in October 2018 with the aim to learn and know more about the indigenous cosmology and struggle. She believes that audiovisual and social media communication are essential tools for social global change.
She was born and raised in Spain but strongly influenced by the Belgian culture. Photographer since 2008 and graduated in Audiovisual Communication by the University Complutense of Madrid, Alienor decided to reorient her professional career into the social sector after joining a non-profit organization during its field trip in South Asia. She studied a master degree in International Solidarity Action and Social Inclusión and a specialization in Human and Indigenous Peoples Rights in the University Carlos III of Madrid. She has a wide experience creating digital content through different tools (photography, video, design, webpages and social media) and she is an active volunteer who has worked as Communications Specialist for different NGO’s as Medicos del Mundo, Children Are the Future, Save the Children or Survival International. She moved to Iquitos in 2018 within the frame of a cooperation program with the Belgian partner organization CATAPA and finally started as Communications Coordinator for Chaikuni Institute in April 2019.
Daniel Lopez
Intercultural Education Coordinator
Daniel joined Chaikuni in mid-2018 and brings over a decade of experience working in the Loreto region in project management, conservation, natural resource management, and participatory development projects with Amazonian indigenous communities.
Daniel was born in Spain and became a resident in Iquitos in 2006. He has a degree in Environmental Sciences and has spent most of his professional career in the Peruvian Amazon working with the Civil Association Green Life, designing and coordinating development projects with indigenous Kukama and Shawi Amazonian communities in the Loreto and Amazonas regions focused on issues related to the sustainable management of natural resources, conservation, ecotourism and small productive activities that contribute to improving the quality of life of river-dwelling communities. Daniel has extensive experience advising community organizations, awareness raising and strengthening capacity for environmental, productive, organizational issues and in participatory planning of local development.
Lisseth Lavajos Cárdenas
Intercultural Education Students Monitor
Lisseth joined Chaikuni in August 2018. She has field experience working with local and indigenous communities, which is needed to motivate and provide accompaniment to indigenous students.
Lisseth is from Loreto, graduated by the National University of the Peruvian Amazon, qualified as a biologist with an extensive experience working with indigenous and peasant communities. She trains them in conservation and management of their natural resources; motivating them to develop their activities thinking about their future, and helping them to identify the potentials that they possess. Also, she has experience in wildlife assessment and monitoring with the aim to create new conservation areas.
Silvia Del Aguila Reyna
General Permaculture Coordinator
Silvia joined our team in April 2016. She took on the challenging mission to further develop our permaculture site and share our experiences with nearby communities.
Born in Iquitos, Silvia spent much of her childhood at La Independencia, a small rural community just outside of Iquitos, helping her mother to cultivate their land. Silviaâs parents are native to the upper Huallaga river, a region of the Amazon whose people are known for their sophisticated agricultural practices. With a growing interest for the connection between human activity and the health of the land, Silvia attended the National University of the Amazon (UNAP) to pursue a forestry engineer career. She completed her masterâs degree in Aquatic Resources with a major in Aquaculture at the Universidad Mayor de San Marcos. Silvia has contributed to many different projects with both NGOs and state-owned organizations, such as working in the production and organizational arm of the Rural and Indigenous Agroforestry Coordination office, in which she became a director; collaborating with the well-respected Peruvian Amazon Research Institute on its Management and Conservation of the Biodiversity of the Nanay River Basin project; and coordinating the Reforestation and Comprehensive Gardens project for the French-Peruvian NGO, Latitude Sur.
Alan Cumbe
Permaculture Research Coordinator
Born and raised in the city of Iquitos, Alan Chumbe joined Chaikuni in 2017 bringing his research expertise to our Permaculture programâs pilot project.
Alan graduated in 2013 as Engineer in Ecology of Tropical Forests from the University of the Peruvian Amazonâs Faculty of Forestry Science. With a strong commitment for the care of the environment and the conservation of the Amazonian ecosystem, Alan studied a professional specialization course in environmental management and industrial safety in a mining and hydrocarbons company, working as a QHES supervisor and for different companies in the construction sector. He then decided to participate in different productive and research projects, working for the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigationâs Special Project for Comprehensive Development of the Putumayo River Basin and as part of the research team on systematic ecology of Amazonian peatlands applying the methodology RAINFOR, led by the National University of the Peruvian Amazon (UNAP) and Arizona State University (ASU). Convinced that the development of the Amazon region can only be achieved through the generation of knowledge, Alan agreed to be part of our team as Research Coordinator for our pilot project located in the Nanay River.
Carlos Maytahuari Arimuya
Local Permaculture Staff
Before joining Chaikuni in February 2014, Carlos was primarily a fisherman. He was forced to change his profession when the fish stock in the river started to drop drastically due to unsustainable fishing practices.
Throughout his adult life, Carlos has worked on his own farm to support the needs of his family. He comes from Lupuna village, and like most of people living there, Carlos is a from the indigenous group known as the Cocama. In the spirit of the equality of all human beings, he loves to work and exchange knowledge with foreign people. As a manager of our nursery, Carlos gives great love and care to our baby plants. He is also responsible for harvesting.
Adam Andros
Temple Outreach Representative
Adam is a psychologist, cognitive scientist and medical anthropologist currently based at Chaikuni’s sister organization Temple Of The Way of Light where he supports Chaikuni in outreach to guests and conducts research for The Temple.
Born in the urban jungles of Mexico City, raised mostly in Israel and having lived in seven different countries, Adam naturally embodies interculturalism. Adam has studied traditional systems of medicine in Mexico, India and Peru, adopting a dialectical approach that integrates and unites evidence-based science and traditional worldviews. He has worked extensively in western psychiatric institutions and has spent time learning from a variety of indigenous and traditional healers around the world. Besides participating in a wide array of projects in the fields of permaculture, eco-building and community-based health in countries as varied as India, Belize or Peru, he is an active member of the “Medical Anthropology Research Center” (MARC), and the “Interdisciplinary Psychedelic Studies” (IPS) group, both in Catalunya, while sharing his experience facilitating transformational processes in a variety of psychedelic support and harm-reduction projects around the world, such as the Kosmicare Project in Portugal or the Zendo Project in the United States.
Debbie Rivett
Senior Communications Advisor
With a passion for communicating with and about indigenous people and their issues, Zimbabwean-born and Africa-raised Debbie has been contributing her expertise to Chaikuni since its foundation.
Zimbabwean-born and Africa-raised Debbie has found the seemingly improbable: a fit for all of her passions to be satisfied in one place. Before arriving in Peru, these passions had flowed through her many professional incarnations which included studies in Psychology and Drama, designing HIV/AIDs and life-skills education programs, fundraising for large and small International Development agencies, investigative broadcast journalism and documentary-making to mention a few. A passion for communicating with and about indigenous people and their issues has been a strong thread running through these pursuits. She initially worked for a number of years as the videographer for Alianza Arkana travelling extensively in Peru to document their work with indigenous people involving land and people rights, waste management, youth empowerment and education projects. She then transitioned into her current role as as General Manager at Chaikuniâs sister organization The Temple of the Way of Light. Since then, she produced the feature documentary âPastazaâ for Chaikuni. Debbie brings great value through her experience in communications, fundraising and project design.
Matthew Watherston
Matthew Watherston traveled to the Amazon at the beginning of 2007 and saw how the impact of westernization and industrial development was destroying the traditions of the indigenous people and the environment across the Amazon at large.
He founded Alianza Arkana in 2011 partnering with indigenous people to help them preserve their environment, rights and traditions. Then in 2013, he founded the Chaikuni Institute to focus more on permaculture, regenerative development and community based eco-social enterprises in the Loreto region. Before coming to the Amazon, Matthew worked as operations director for a large property developer and real estate company in Spain. After a profound experience in the Amazon his life changed dramatically and his heart called him to leave behind his successful career in business.
Matthew has spent almost a decade in the Amazon and has a deep understanding of social and environmental issues in Peru as well as the complexities of Western culture blending with traditional indigenous ways of life in the rainforest.
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CBS 2 Weather Watch (11AM, July 17, 2019)CBS 2 Meteorologist Ed Curran has the latest 7-day forecast.
Citak: Yelich Has Made A Strong Case For N.L. MVP
Filed Under:Christian Yelich, Matt Citak, Milwaukee Brewers, MVP, National League, This Week in Baseball
By Matt Citak
The Milwaukee Brewers had high expectations for Christian Yelich when they traded for the 26-year-old outfielder in the offseason.
The Brewers sent highly regarded outfielder Lewis Brinson, infielder Isan Diaz, outfielder Monte Harrison and pitcher Jordan Yamomoto to Miami in exchange for the promising outfielder, who at the time of the trade had five years left on his contract. Brinson, Diaz and Harrison were three of Milwaukee’s top 10 prospects.
With the fire sale that went on in Miami over the winter that saw Giancarlo Stanton, Dee Gordon, and Marcell Ozuna get traded, along with Yelich, the package of prospects the Marlins received from the Brewers was considered the strongest of them all.
It’s safe to say Milwaukee had some big plans for the talented center fielder. However coming into the 2018 season, Yelich had never been named to an All-Star team. His .300 batting average in 126 games back in 2015 was his previous career-high, and he had never topped 21 home runs (2016) in a season. His career accolades included just one Gold Glove Award (2014) and one Silver Slugger Award (2016).
But as we enter the final handful of regular season games, one thing has become abundantly clear- Yelich has blossomed into an absolute stud in his first year in Milwaukee.
His .321 batting average leads the National League, and trails only the Red Sox duo of Mookie Betts (.343) and J.D. Martinez (.328) in all of Major League Baseball. He also leads the NL in on-base plus slugging percentage at an impressive .973, and has smashed 33 home runs to go along with his 104 runs batted in.
But it’s his performance since the All-Star break, the first he participated in, that is truly jaw-dropping.
When he first returned to the Brewers on July 20, Yelich immediately looked locked-in. The outfielder hit safely in each of Milwaukee’s first 12 games after the break, picking up multiple hits in 10 of the 12 while smacking four home runs and 14 RBI.
Overall, Yelich has hit an astounding .359 with 22 home runs and 61 RBI in just 60 games since returning from his first All-Star appearance.
As if that weren’t enough, the 26-year-old also hit for the cycle… on two separate occasions.
His outstanding performance has elevated Milwaukee back into the playoff race, as the Brewers are a game away from locking down a Wild Card spot, while the team also sits just half a game back from the Cubs in the NL Central. A lot of this is due to the talented outfielder, who has hit eight home runs since August 29, almost single-handedly bringing the club back into playoff contention.
There’s no denying how amazing Jacob deGrom, Max Scherzer, and Aaron Nola have been this season. The trio of NL East pitchers have dominated the entire league, and have made it look simple along the way.
However when it comes down to who should be the recipient of this year’s NL MVP Award, that honor belongs to Yelich.
Of course, the Brewers have some talent up and down the roster, but make no mistake- it’s Yelich’s stellar performance that has catapulted Milwaukee into the team’s first postseason berth since 2011.
On top of that, he’s been by far and away the best hitter in the National League this season (his 6.8 WAR is tops among NL hitters, according to Fangraphs).
There have been some outstanding performances in the NL this season, but none quite on the same level as Christian Yelich. Voters need to make the right decision and crown the 26-year-old outfielder as the National League’s Most Valuable Player.
Matt Citak is a contributor for CBS Local Sports and a proud Vanderbilt alum. Follow him on Twitter.
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Home E/M Sentinel E/M Sentinel News Former Camp Kilmer site comes full circle with affordable housing for homeless...
Former Camp Kilmer site comes full circle with affordable housing for homeless veterans
KATHY CHANG, Staff Writer
The groundbreaking of Phase 1 of the Truman Square redevelopment on the site of the former Camp Kilmer site was held on May 15.COURTESY PHOTO
EDISON – It has been more than a decade since Leslie Stivale’s initial call with the U.S. Army about the closing of the Camp Kilmer site in Edison.
On May 15, Stivale, president and chief executive officer of Triple C Housing Inc., attended the groundbreaking of Phase 1 of the Truman Square redevelopment on the site of the former Camp Kilmer site.
“It’s been a long journey,” she said, recalling the “long winding road” of the BRAC – base realignment and closure – process and negotiations with the U.S. Department of Defense. “I’m so happy to be here.”
In 2007, Edison Township took its first steps in acquiring a 23-acre plot of land aimed at ultimately acquiring the last remaining land in Camp Kilmer, which had been a largely unused Army base at the intersection of Kilmer Road and Truman Drive. Camp Kilmer was the largest processing center for troops during World War II, processing more than 2.5 million soldiers. It officially closed in 2009.
Pennrose LLC is developing the first phase, which includes 86 one-, two- and three-bedroom units of affordable family housing for households with annual incomes between 20 to 60 percent of area median income (AMI), with 25 percent of the units designated as veterans housing and 25 percent set aside for the formerly homeless.
Twenty-two of the units at the lowest AMI will be supported through New Jersey’s Division of Developmental Disabilities and the Division of Mental Health and Addiction Services. Residents will have access to a community space, a fitness center and parking.
Also at the groundbreaking were Edison Mayor Thomas Lankey; Assemblyman Robert J. Karabinchak (D-Middlesex); Freeholder Deputy Director Charles E. Tomaro; Lynne Patton, regional administrator for the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD); Deborah Hurley, executive director for the Edison Housing Authority; Raymond Clawson, community support specialist in social work, and a military veteran; Christopher Memoli, senior director of community development finance for Santander Bank; Paul Héroux, chief bank operations office for Federal Home Loan Bank of New York; and Jacob Fisher, regional vice president, Pennrose LLC.
The two-phase redevelopment will create 172 units of high-quality, affordable housing for families, veterans and formerly homeless individuals. Thus, Camp Kilmer is a key component of Edison’s affordable housing plan.
Lankey said he is proud of the entire team who worked together to make Truman Square a reality.
“Nothing happens without a team working together,” he said, adding they are coming together not only for the development of housing, but most importantly giving the most vulnerable population – veterans, seniors, people with disabilities and struggling families – peace of mind.
Fisher said for the past two-plus years they have worked with their partners in Edison along with their finance team to make the vision of affordable housing a reality.
“At Pennrose, we always build to the needs of the local community,” he said. “Providing access to high quality, affordable housing and tailored supportive services on a historic military site is a really special opportunity to bring an underutilized site back to productive use.”
Patton said she and Ben Carson, U.S. Secretary of HUD, are proud to support efforts such as the one in Edison through $400,000 in HUD HOME funds. She said the funds “coupled with local and private funding sources will ensure housing for the homeless, disabled and area residents for years to come.
“For those who give, we must give back,” she said, noting the housing development to help homeless veterans is fitting on the former Army base.
Pennrose Management Company will serve as property manager for the community and Triple C Housing Inc. will provide supportive services for veterans and formerly homeless residents, including peer support and veteran-to-veteran services. The project was designed by WRT LLC, Philadelphia.
Financing for the project came from a 9% Federal Low-Income Housing Tax Credit loan, with additional funding from First Mortgage, County Housing First Funds, Federal Home Loan Bank of New York, County HOME and Housing First Capital Funds, New Jersey Housing and Mortgage Finance Agency and TDC.
Contact Kathy Chang at kchang@newspapermediagroup.com.
Camp Kilmer Army base
Edison Housing Authority
Pennrose Properties LLC
Triple C Housing Inc.
US Department of Housing and Urban Development
WRT LLC
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The Concise Encyclopedia of Business Ethics
A tiny drop in a very large bucket….
Business Ethics Education
Business Ethics Journals
CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility)
Ethical Consumerism
Ethical Theory: Kantianism
Ethical Theory: Overview
Ethical Theory: Utilitarianism
Ethical Theory: Virtue Theory
Ethics in Advertising
Ethics of Wages and Working Conditions
The authors of CEBE are both philosophers. They both teach ethics in a business school context, and have written about the topic extensively.
Chris MacDonald is Associate Professor, Director of the Ted Rogers Leadership Centre, and Founding Director of the Jim Pattison Ethical Leadership Education and Research program, at Ryerson University’s Ted Rogers School of Management. He is also a Nonresident Senior Scholar at Duke University’s Kenan Institute for Ethics.
He is the author of more than 30 peer-reviewed publications, including articles in Business Ethics Quarterly, Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of Value Inquiry, and Dialogue: the Canadian Philosophical Review. He is also co-author of Business Ethics: Decision Making for Personal Integrity & Social Responsibility, and of a best-selling textbook on critical thinking. He is a popular keynote speaker who makes frequent media appearances, and is also author of the highly-regarded Business Ethics Blog, which is mirrored on the website of Canadian Business. He has several times been named one of the “100 Most Influential People in Business Ethics,” by Ethisphere Magazine, in addition to being named as one of the “Top 100 Thought Leaders in Trustworthy Business Behaviour” by Trust Across America in 2011 and 2012. He is founding co-editor of the Business Ethics Journal Review.
Alexei Marcoux is Professor of Business Ethics and Society, and Senior Scholar of the Institute for Economic Inquiry, in Creighton University’s Heider College of Business. A popular teacher and invited lecturer, he has held visiting appointments at the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School, Saint Cloud State University, and the Social Philosophy & Policy Center.
Professor Marcoux’s research focuses on the moral foundations of commercial transactions and embraces topics like reservation price deception and markets as models of liberal toleration. A two-time winner of the Best Paper Award at the Society for Business Ethics Annual Meeting, he has published scholarly articles in Business Ethics Quarterly, Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of Markets & Morality, Journal of Private Enterprise, Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, and Reason Papers. He is co-author (with Al Gini) of two textbooks, Case Studies in Business Ethics (6e, Prentice Hall, 2009) and The Ethics of Business: A Concise Introduction (1e, Rowman & Littlefield, 2012). He is also co-editor (with Eugene Heath and Byron Kaldis) of the Routledge Companion to Business Ethics (Routledge, 2018). He is founding co-editor of the Business Ethics Journal Review.
You can contact the Chris and Alexei jointly at: editors@bejr.org
Business Ethics Journal Review
Student’s Guide to Writing Critical Essays in Business Ethics
The Business Ethics Blog
Business Ethics Highlights
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John Fleming Named Wal-Mart's Chief Marketing Officer
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BENTONVILLE Ark., April 28, 2005 – Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (NYSE: WMT) today announced the promotion of John Fleming, 46, to executive vice president and chief marketing officer for the company effective May 2.
Fleming will succeed Robert F. “Bob” Connolly, who last month announced his decision to retire at the end of the calendar year. In the interim, Connolly will remain an active member of the senior management team with responsibility for several strategic, proprietary initiatives.
Currently president and CEO of Walmart.com, Fleming will retain oversight of the company’s online business as well as assume responsibility for all marketing and consumer communications programs, including advertising, consumer research, visual merchandising, signage, point-of-sale programs and all in-store promotional materials. He will report to Michael T. Duke, president and CEO of the Wal-Mart Stores Division. Fleming will also serve on the company’s Executive Committee.
“The depth of Wal-Mart’s management team allows us to tap into tremendous internal talent – like John – to ensure continuity,” said Duke. “Throughout his Wal-Mart career, Bob has made many significant contributions to merchandising and marketing. Given John’s talent and enthusiasm, we’ll look for him to do the same. We also look forward to what his unique style and creative spirit will bring to our marketing efforts.
“Additionally, John’s background in both traditional and online retail ensures we will continue to strengthen the ways we market and merchandise to customers,” Duke continued. “Walmart.com has proven to be a tremendously important complement to our stores business.”
Since joining Wal-Mart four and a half years ago, Fleming has led Walmart.com through significant growth, consistently two to three times that of the general online industry, especially as the business has continued to focus on more expanded product and service offerings. During his tenure, Walmart.com initiated key integration activities with Wal-Mart stores, including one-hour photo service, music downloads, gift registry and online pharmacy.
Fleming spent 19 years at Target Corporation before joining Wal-Mart. During his time there, he held various retail and merchandising positions in the department stores division. His final assignment with Target Corporation was as senior vice president of merchandising, responsible for the fashion divisions (apparel, shoes and accessories).
Over the next few months, Fleming will divide his time between Wal-Mart’s home office in Bentonville, Ark., and Walmart.com’s office in Brisbane, Calif., before relocating fulltime to Northwest Arkansas.
About Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. operates Wal-Mart Stores, Supercenters, Neighborhood Markets and SAMS CLUB locations in the United States. Internationally, the company operates in Puerto Rico, Canada, China, Mexico, Brazil, Germany, United Kingdom, Argentina, and South Korea. The companys securities are listed on the New York and Pacific stock exchanges under the symbol WMT. More information about Wal-Mart can be found by visiting www.walmartfacts.com. Online merchandise sales are available at www.walmart.com.
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Posts Tagged ‘JonBenet’
Oddball Colorado: A Guide to Some Really Strange Places
Posted by: dkrainwater on: December 31, 2008
A high-altitude alligator farm. A UFO watchtower. A monument to a headless chicken. While other travel guides tell you about tackling Pike’s Peak, skiing the back bowls, or rafting down the Arkansas River, this quirky regional resource offers unusual travel destinations and little-known historical titbits. Imagine regaling co-workers with unique Rocky Mountain adventures, like spending an evening at a drive-in movie…in a queen-sized bed, or visiting a vapour cave clad only in a towel. How about seeing a two-headed dragon made of car parts, or watching cliff divers while eating Mexican food?
Tags: baby doe tabor, Black kettle, Colorado History, Colorado Oddballs, Columbine, Columbine massacre, dexter, Freddy Krueger, john wayne gacy, JonBenet, JonBenet Ramsey, Ludlow massacre, Nightmare of Elm Street, Sand Creek, serial killer, Ted Bundy, the dark side of Colorado
Dexter: The 1st Season Offered At a Great Price
In: Serial Killers
New for $28.99 Complete DVD set. Cheaper Used.
An interesting and original idea that’s very skillfully executed, Showtime’s Dexter is never less than watchable, often quite compelling, and sometimes thoroughly riveting. As the 12 episodes from the show’s first season (packaged here in a four disc set) reveal, it’s also the epitome of “high concept,” a kind of Silence of the Lambs for the C.S.I. generation.
For more serial killer DVDS, books, and merchandise visit http://www.coloradokillers.com
Tags: baby doe tabor, Black kettle, Colorado History, Columbine, Columbine massacre, dexter, Freddy Krueger, john wayne gacy, JonBenet, JonBenet Ramsey, Ludlow massacre, Nightmare of Elm Street, Sand Creek, serial killer, Ted Bundy, the dark side of Colorado
Freddy Krueger Fadora: The Hat of a Killer
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Freddy Krueger Molded Fedora:Freddy likes to wear this brown molded EVA foam fedora that features slash marks and a permanent center crease Generous fit, one size fits most Interior 7″ x 9″
If you are interested in serial killers or the macabe, visit http://www.coloradokillers.com
John Fielder’s Best of Colorado
In: Colorado History
Available at http:www.Coloradokillers.com
You can find this book and other books about Colorado all in one place. Colorado history, Colorado picture books, Colorado kids books. If it is about Colorado, you will find it all on this site.
Tags: baby doe tabor, Black kettle, Colorado books, Colorado History, Columbine, Columbine massacre, dexter, john wayne gacy, JonBenet, JonBenet Ramsey, Ludlow massacre, Sand Creek, serial killer, Ted Bundy, the dark side of Colorado
Dexter: The Second Season Only 19.99
Available for $19.99 New
Watch Dexter slice his way into your heart. Visit the darkest site on the web.
Click Here to visit http:www.coloradokillers.com
Tags: baby doe tabor, Black kettle, Colorado History, Columbine, Columbine massacre, dexter, john wayne gacy, JonBenet, JonBenet Ramsey, Ludlow massacre, Sand Creek, serial killer, Ted Bundy, the dark side of Colorado
Ted Bundy’s Colorado Rampage
Posted by: dkrainwater on: November 30, 2008
In: Colorado History | Serial Killers
Available at Coloradokillers.com
Ted Bundy has been called one of the most notorious serial killers in the history of this nation. With his boyish looks and irresistible charm, Bundy would lure his victims to their demise in a most interesting and deceiving way. He would wait for an unsuspecting female and then walk buy with an arm load of books or other items.
If the lady did not ask to help him, he would solicit help and ask for assistance carrying the books or other items to his car. Once at the car Ted Bundy would hit his victim in the head with a tire iron or other hard object and at the same time pushing the now unconscious woman into the vehicle.
After this act of brutality, Ted Bundy would rape and kill his victim leaving their body in a place hard to find. The trail of blood and sorrow went across many states, but the state that has had the most scars is Colorado. Not only did Bundy visit and destroy the lives of several young women, he took away a little security that the state until this time had felt.
Tags: baby doe tabor, Black kettle, Colorado History, Columbine, Columbine massacre, Dylan Klebold, Eric Harris, JonBenet, JonBenet Ramsey, Ludlow massacre, Sand Creek, serial killer, Ted Bundy, the dark side of Colorado
Remembering the Columbine Massacre
Available at http://www.coloradokillers.com
Once upon a time when people talked or reminisced about having trouble fitting in at school it usually meant that maybe a student got picked on, acted out in the classroom, on or didn’t quite fit in with a particular crowd. High school can be the high point in many teenagers’ lives while others never wish to repeat the experience again for one reason or another. Either way most high school students go to classes, take tests, attend to a few football games, make an appearance at a school dances, and before they know it they are walking across the stage on graduation day. For decades this has been the habitual way in which teenagers received their high school education, as technology progressed some things might have changed, but the majority of the conventional high school education stayed the same, that was until April 20, 1999.
It’s hard to find anyone who isn’t familiar with the events that unfolded on that fateful day of April 20, 1999 in the small suburban town of Littleton, Colorado. It was on that day that two high school seniors that were students of Columbine High school put a dark plan into action that would change history forever, and not just for Columbine High school but for schools throughout the world. So what exactly happened on that historic day? Two troubled high school students who should have been focusing on school, sports, senior pranks, and video games unfortunately had their sights set on an entirely gruesome objective that became a well tragedy known throughout the World when they began killing fellow school mates at Columbine High School.
The names of these two high school seniors that attended Columbine High school are Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris. These two teenagers had many things in common such as they both came from two parent homes, both had siblings, and they were both considered rather smart individuals. Both of them even enjoyed sports and messing around on their computers. It was probably these similarities that drew the two boys to each other while there both attended the same middle school in 1993. Dylan Klebold was a native to the state of Colorado but Eric Harris was not, Eric did not move to Littleton, Colorado until that same year that they met when his family moved there after retiring from Air Force life. While growing up there was nothing out of the ordinary that would have predicted the evil that launched these two boys into a killing spree many years later.
As it is with many teenagers that are forced to make the transition from middle school to high school, both Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris found that high school was a different world. It was no longer easy to fit in and they couldn’t seem to find a particular group or clique that they were comfortable in. As this is the case with many students in the high school years, Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris found that they were picked on by certain cliques within the school, mainly by those who participated in sports programs, otherwise known as the jocks of Columbine High School. Most teenagers would take this kind of treatment in stride and for the first few years it seemed like that was exactly what Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris was doing. There were no noticeable warning signs, both teenagers went about their life the same way that others their age did. They both had an after school job, liked to play video games, and spent the remainder of their time focused on girls and dating, none of these activities scream out murderer in any way to the naked eye.
You might be asking yourself if the Columbine massacre was just some random act that the boys came up with after being pushed a little too far one, the answer is no. Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris did not simply come up with this evil plan after being picked on one day, this was a plan that took planning, time, and a lot of effort, Columbine was no accident but an intended target. The two boys did not have a squeaky clean arrest record, a year before the planned assault both Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris decided to break a few laws but like most criminals they weren’t planning on getting caught. While breaking into a van they two were discovered and arrested. Mainly due to their age and the fact that this was a first time offense both young men decided that they would cut a deal so they could complete a juvenile diversion program that was offered. This deal allowed them to complete the program over an eleven month period in exchange for having a clean record. Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris did exactly what they needed to do in order to convince the law and their family that they had seen the error of their ways. By the end of the program everyone thought that both had been reformed and were on their way to a better and brighter future, unfortunately no one realized what the two young men had been planning over that year. While convincing everyone that they were truly sorry for their crime they were actually planning the attack on Columbine, the assault that occurred on April 20, 1999 was a well thought out and planned strike against the high school, the faculty, and the students.
Many people try to figure out what could possess two seemingly normal teenage boys to commit such an evil crime against their fellow man. While there may never be an entirely accurate reason for such an act of violence, in the case of Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris they were two very troubled and angry teenagers that happened to become friends and spent their time hating almost everyone else. The two didn’t limit their hatred for just those who may have picked on them during their four years at Columbine High School; they hated everyone with the exception of a few friends. It didn’t matter if someone was African American, Christian, White, a jock, or even a Star Wars Fan; the two teenagers hated them all. Not many knew about this deep rooted hatred that lived inside the two boys until after the Columbine Massacre occurred. After the tragic attack that left twelve students, one teacher, and the two assailants dead; law enforcement found journals that the two teenagers left behind.
Such hate as what Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris possessed acted as a poison that spread throughout their entire being. It’s true that many teenagers who are passing from adolescence to adulthood experience similar feeling of hate and inadequacy as Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris did, but they work through their feelings and go on to becoming happy and productive adults. Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris did not follow this pattern; instead they began to entertain thoughts of killing those that they hated. Evidence that was collected after the incident such as journals, yearbooks, computer data, and even the weapons themselves illustrate how deep the hatred ran. Both teenagers thought long and hard about what they would need to carry out the magnitude of attack that they desired. Over the course of a year the two teenagers were able to build pipe bombs and gain access to guns and knives. Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris weren’t interested in just targeting the few teenagers who picked on them during school, their focus was to kill as many students and teachers as possible. They took the time and studied the school with a careful eye in order to develop a plan that would cause the produce the greatest amount of causalities possible. Both teenagers determined that the magnitude of their killing spree would be most beneficial if they took advantage of the cafeteria in their school. After much observation they realized that the cafeteria was the focal point in Columbine High school right after the first lunch period began. They realized that there would be over 500 targets in the cafeteria so they planted as many pipe bombs as possible and set the timers to go off at the beginning of the lunch period. Again, it is quite clear that an attack of this magnitude took a lot of planning and thought, both teenagers knew exactly what they were doing when the put this treacherous plan in motion.
If you are wondering how on earth these two teenage boys were able to bring some many weapons into the school there are many theories. First of all, there was a group that was named the Trench Coat Mafia, as the name implies the teenagers that were part of this clique wore trench coats. Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris were not officially part of this group though they did have friends and acquaintances that were affiliated with the Trench Coat Mafia. On the day of the attack they took advantage of the theme of this clique and chose to wear trench coats to school in order to hide all of the weapons that they were taking on campus. There are many who believe that the two teenagers did not act alone. It is supposed that some of their friends knew about the events that would unfold that day and even some that helped plant pipe bombs and weapons around the school. Unfortunately there has not been enough evidence to prove these theories, the two individuals Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris are the only two that have been pinpointed as the killers in the Columbine Massacre. After the shooting rampage the two teenagers took their own lives so not only does the true motive behind the twisted rampage remain a mystery but anyone who was affiliated with the events of April 20, 1999 will remain forever anonymous.
Since it is obvious from the evidence left behind that an entire year of planning went into the teenager’s killing spree the date they chose to complete this task seems like no accident. There are two significant dates in history that fall within the month of April, one on April 19th and one on April 20th. The main question that concerns this date is which day this event was actually supposed to take place on. The day of April 19th is the date in which the Oklahoma City Bombing occurred. It would have been highly coincidental if the two teenage boys had picked that particular day to unfold their hateful plan. Many believe that they might have thought about performing the killings on the 19th, but for some unknown reason they chose to wait until the 20th which is also a well known day since it is in fact the anniversary of Adolf Hitler’s birthday. There is no accident that Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris chose this particular day in April to attack everyone they hated at Columbine High School, they had a purpose and chose a day in history that would complement their attack in their eyes and in the eyes of all those who they believed would admire such a monstrous act.
Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris arrived at Columbine High School with the intent of blowing up the cafeteria and killing as many students as they could. In order to accomplish this feat they both carried in a huge propane bomb that weighed close to twenty pounds each. This was not as difficult as you might imagine since they chose to disguise these hand crafted death bombs in regular looking backpacks. At a glance there was nothing out of the ordinary, just two teenagers heading into the cafeteria with their backpacks. Once inside the cafeteria they placed the bag packs that contained the propane bombs in ideal locations, each bomb was set to go off just a few minutes after the first lunch period began. Once the bag packs were put in place both Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris made their way back to their cars so they could sit and wait for the explosion that was sure to follow. Fortunately for all the students and faculty that was inside the cafeteria at the time the bombs did not go off as planned. Obviously the two teenagers realized that something was wrong after there was no explosion. Instead of calling it a day and being thankful that their plan had not succeeded, the two teenagers decided to take matters into their own hands.
Again Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris entered Columbine High School wearing trench coats that hid the arsenal of weapons that they brought with them. The year of planning that went into the attack on Columbine gave the teenagers plenty of opportunity and time to get their hands on an assortment of different weapons. Aside from the pipe bombs that they were able to construct after finding instructions online they were also able to get guns and knives. Dylan Klebold went into the school equipped with a 9mm semi-automatic handgun and a sawed off shotgun. Eric Harris was equipped with a 9mm carbine rifle as well as a sawed off shotgun. In addition to the automatic weapons they also carried with them a backpack of pipe bombs and knives. It was evident that the two teenagers were intent on killing as many students as they could, when the bombs in the cafeteria failed to explode they were both ready and willing to take other measures to ensure that they accomplished their goal.
They began to open fire on students who were outside of the cafeteria. Within seconds their killing rampage had begun as they shot and killed their first victim. While this occurred the pipe bombs that the two had planted around the school earlier began to explode. Unfortunately with graduation being only a few short weeks away, many of the students did not realize the magnitude of the situation. Before this date in history no one would imagine that two students would walk into their high school and just begin shooting their fellow students. Instead many students believed that this was some sort of senior prank. They didn’t realize that the guns that Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris were firing with were real and that the students being shot at were really hurt. It took more than a few minutes for students to comprehend the gravity of the situation, for some those few minutes were the difference between life and death. Once students and faculty realized that this was in fact not a joke, but that the two teenagers were on a killing spree they began to seek cover or run for their life. While shooting whoever they saw, Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris threw pipe bombs left and right as they made their way around the cafeteria.
Students were not only shot and left to be wounded, the two teenagers were intent on killing and made sure that those who were injured were shot at close range in order to complete their agenda. After much panic, faculty were able to direct the majority of the students out of the cafeteria, when Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris looked it seemed like it was empty, it was then that the two moved on to the rest of the school. Once the entered the main hallway they continued their shooting spree, again most of the students inside the school were not aware of what had transpired in the cafeteria and at first didn’t recognize how serious the situation was but it didn’t take long for them to catch on. Students and teachers found themselves either being shot at, hiding, or trying to help those who had been wounded as the two teenagers made their way through the halls. The next stop for the two teenagers was the Columbine High School Library where many more lives are taken. Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris walk into the library and start shooting anyone who they believe should die, many are wounded and many die at this point in the attack. The two teenagers don’t seem to take mercy on anyone, even those pleading for their lives until they spot an acquaintance that they let walk out of the library unharmed. After they feel they as if they accomplished their goal in that part of the school the two again move back into the halls.
Although their objective was to kill as many students as possible the two teenagers didn’t try to get into many of the locked classrooms that they passed on their way back to the cafeteria. Instead they returned back to their starting point in an attempt to make the original propane bombs in the cafeteria explode. Although they tried they were not able to accomplish the explosion that they desired from the very beginning of the attack. Frustrated by the turn of even Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris instead walked throughout the hallways throwing pipe bombs left and right. It seemed like they had all the time in the world as they strolled through the school, looking for targets and causing explosions, many wonder why law enforcement hadn’t made an attempt to gain access to the high school and stop the two crazed gunmen. They even took time out of their killing spree to make their way back to the library and shoot out towards the law enforcement that surrounded the school outside. Shortly after the two teenagers took their own lives while in the library and ended the gruesome attack on Columbine High School.
The Columbine Massacre was basically like a shot heard around the world. For such a tragedy to unfold in the small suburban town of Littleton Colorado broke the hearts of people throughout the world. Unfortunately due to the mass confusion and chain of events many laid wounded and bleeding for quite a while before they were rescued. The entire killing spree set in motion by Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris lasted about forty five minutes, within that time frame the two teenagers they killed 13 people, twelve students and one teacher, many were wounded and injured to varying degrees. Truly this was a heart breaking tragedy that affected so many throughout the community of Littleton, Colorado. Since the two gunmen took their own lives at the end of the siege there will never be any clear answers as to what possessed to seemingly normal teenagers to perform such an evil and treacherous act upon their fellow man. Not only did this event that has come to be known as the Columbine Massacre affect those in the small town of Colorado but the event affected every school throughout the United States and many other schools throughout the world. Not only did Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris affect the way that the educational system ran but they also inspired many troubled kids to mimic the unspeakable acts that they performed on that haunting day of April 20, 1999.
After days, week, months, and even years many still try to pinpoint who to blame and what went wrong. Was it their parents, the music they listened to, the games they played, or just the fact that they got picked on that possessed them to commit such a heinous act? Unfortunately these are questions that will never be answered. What is amazing is that the two teenagers planned this crime for the entire space of a year and no one suspected a thing. To the outside world Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris seemed like average teenagers, no one suspected that they were full of such hate and violence. It is true that there were many things in their rooms such as weapons, videos, and journals that could have been easily discovered if their parents had simply looked. Before April 20, 1999 no one imagined that this kind of violence could take place in the suburbs and especially not by teenagers. The Columbine Massacre changed how people around the world viewed the educational system and those kids that attended those schools. No longer are all children and teenagers considered innocent, the event of that day made people take a harder look at everyone from the straight “A” student to the average degenerate teenager, no one seems safe anymore.
After the events that took place on April 20, 1999 all schools around the country were on high alert. There were many high schools that received false bomb threats, but after what took place in the Columbine Massacre each and every threat was taken seriously. Schools of all grades took a new imitative to put extremely detailed escape plans in order in case something of this magnitude ever happened again. No longer is school a place in which students could attend their classes, go to lunch, and intact with their friends in total safety. Many students who attended school when the Columbine Massacre took place no longer felt safe. After all; if such a horrible act of violence could occur in a small town in Colorado, then it could occur anywhere. Children in middle school would sit and map out a plan of action if anyone ever came into their school with guns or bombs. The events that Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris put into action took the innocence away from every elementary, middle, and high school around the United States. The unthinkable had not only been imagined but had been carried out by the two troubled teenagers, there was nothing stopping someone else from performing a similar act of violence for whatever reason.
Not only were students, schools, and parents on high alert, but many decided to take action. After having their trust broken as far as the safety of their children is concerned, many parents decided that they would educate their children through alternate means. Parents throughout the United States decided that the only other option was to home school their children. Many parents, especially in Colorado attended home schooling seminars so that they could explore their options and find out everything that is involved in home schooling their children. State education departments throughout the United States noticed a dramatic increase in the number of inquiries they received on a weekly basis in regards to home schooling. Parents were dealing with their children’s fears about returning to public school where another incident like the Columbine Massacre was now possible. The attack hit home with many children in the state of Colorado and even in other states across the country. Children were afraid to go to school fearing what might happen when they were least expecting it. Some took the attacks harder than others and would become physically ill at the thought of going to a public school. The Columbine Massacre rocked the nation and changed how many view public education and what can occur when their children are there to learn. Not only were parents concerned about their children but the faculty had reason to have anxiety at the thought of returning to school as well. Who exactly knows what set off Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris but they didn’t care who they killed just as long as a lot of innocent people died. Teachers who are the disciplinarian in the school system now had to worry about whether a disgruntled student was going to open fire on them just because they gave them a lower grade than anticipated or sent them to the office. If such a horrible act of violence was possible because the two teenagers didn’t fit into a particular clique or were picked on through high school, what could happen next if another student felt the same hatred for their fellow students?
Since the Columbine Massacre took place other things has changed besides parents choosing to home school rather than send their children to public education. It is evident from the detail reports of the events that transpired during and after the shooting took place that the school and the local law enforcement did not have a game plan for something of this degree. The timeline of events demonstrates that once law enforcement arrived on the scene at Columbine High School they did not enter the school itself for hours after the attack had ended. What transpired after was basically a mixture of mass confusion, there were too many conflicting stories pouring in and the different sectors of law enforcement seemed to be tripping over each other. This caused many law enforcement agencies and school districts across the country to take a hard look at how they would handle a situation such as Columbine. The Colorado Legislature made it mandatory for all districts within the state to come up with some sort of organized system so that schools and law enforcement could work efficiently together. They are now expected to share any information that might hint of a violent situation in an attempt to keep a tragedy such as Columbine from ever happening again. There are now hotlines set in place that anyone who might have information about and emerging violent situation can call in and share their knowledge without revealing their identity. Unfortunately although the Legislature is requiring this of all schools in their state many have not been able to meet these standards due to budget and other factors. A new sense of awareness has come to rest upon the shoulders of school officials and students throughout the country; if such an incident could happen in a small town in Colorado then no one was safe from the unnecessary violence that Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris brought to Columbine High School on April 20, 1999.
The Columbine Massacre is not simply an event in history that happened and then was forgotten. This was something that impacted not only Americans, but people throughout the world. The ones that will forever remember the events that took place on April 20, 1999 will be the students that lived through the horrific ordeal as Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris terrorized the halls of Columbine High School. Many students and faculty were injured as the two crazed teenagers fired guns and threw explosive throughout the cafeteria, hallways, and library of the school. Many will not only carry the emotional scars of that day, but will also show the physical scars that they carry as a constant reminder. Many of the students share the same tattoo in an effort to make sure they never forget. The tattoo is of the letter C in light purple which stands for Columbine and the date of April 20th inside the C. No one will ever know why two teenage boys who were just weeks away from their own graduation decided to destroy the lives of so many. Instead of choosing to move onto the next stage in their lives they choose to slaughter many innocent people who had a bright future of their own that would never be realized. The community of Littleton, Colorado decided that they would not let what happened fade into the pages of history; instead they began planning a memorial for those who lost their life on that tragic day.
After much collaboration throughout the Littleton, Colorado community a design for the memorial was finally agreed upon. The official ground breaking of the memorial took place on June 16, 2006; it was a full seven years before the community was able to raise enough money to have the memorial designed and construction started. There were many delays such as funding that postponed the building of the memorial for such a long time frame after the attack. Victims of the attack on Columbine returned for the ground breaking and even Bill Clinton was there to say a few words about how the attack affected the nation as a whole. There were many tears and memories that flowed on that day as students, parents, and faculty remember the terror that gripped their lives on April 20, 1999. Once construction began it only took a year for the memorial to be completed. Even though that the complexity of the memorial changed throughout the seven years before breaking ground, the fact still remained that the community of Littleton, Colorado needed a place that would honor the innocent lives that were taken, a place that would remind them of the past and give them hope for the future.
Although no memorial will be able to erase the events of the past the suburban community of Littleton, Colorado has a new sense of community. No one is going to stand by while they watch something that looks out of place. They are now more aware of their surrounding in an attempt to prevent something such as the Columbine Massacre from ever happening again. The Columbine Massacre didn’t just happen to a town in Colorado; it became very real for every high school student who was attending school at that time. Families huddled around television and read through newspapers as their hearts poured out for those in Littleton, Colorado. Many changes have taken place since April 20, 1999. Parents instruct their children to be more aware of their surroundings and that if something seems out of the ordinary with a friend or acquaintance to let someone know. High school, middle school, and even elementary school students are now carrying cellular phones. Parents are making sure that if their children do become caught up in a situation that is uncomfortable or even life threatening that they have a means to contact law enforcement if necessary. Parents are taking a stand, whether it is through home schooling or just giving their children the tools to keep them safer, they are not putting their full trust in just sending their child to school and hoping for the best. The Columbine Massacre is an event in history that will forever be remembered, especially the news clips of masses of teenagers running out of the high school, some bleeding, some sobbing, and then those thirteen who came out in body bags, it is an image that will never be erased from the memories of those involved in the events of April 20, 1999 or for those who watched while holding their children just a little closer.
If you like to read more about the dark side of Colorado, visit http://www.coloradokillers.com There you will find books on dark deeds in the state, t-shirts, serial killer dvds, and more.
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Catholica Collection
American Catholic Historical Society
Historic Papers
Elizabeth Sarah Kite
Elizabeth Sarah Kite (1864-1954) was a teacher, social scientist, historian and archivist. Born in Philadelphia to Quaker parents, Kite undertook advanced studies in Europe for six years. While studying in England in 1906, Kite was baptized a Catholic. Upon her return, she taught in a number of private schools in Pennsylvania, California, and Massachusetts.
Kite worked at the Vineland Training School for Mental Defectives, 1909-1918, and conducted research there (and later under the auspices of the New Jersey Commissioner of Charities and Corrections) pertaining to residents of the Pine Barrens. She translated The Intelligence of the Feeble-Minded by Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon (translation published 1916). She also researched various historical topics, especially the influence of French participation during the American Revolution, and served as the archivist for American Catholic Historical Society. Kite became the first laywoman to receive the degree of doctor of literature at Villanova College later University.
The collection mostly contains correspondence, including Kite family letters, as well as ephemera, clippings, and drafts. 1.2 linear ft., 3 boxes.
These materials are owned by the American Catholic Historical Society and maintained at the Catholic Historical Research Center of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia (CHRC) 6740 Roosevelt Blvd., Philadelphia , PA 19149. For more information please see: http://www.chrc-phila.org/
Digitization status: completed.
Invitation, To: James Kite and Mary Anna Kite From: Richard B. Faucett and Rebecca P. Matlock.
by Faucett, Richard B.
In collection: Elizabeth Sarah Kite
Subjects: Kite, James, d. 1917 Author: Faucett, Richard B.
Faucett, Richard B.
1 Invitation cards Kite, James, d. 1917 1 Kite, Mary Anna, d. 1889
1 Catholica Collection
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Chambers's London Journal
Full title: Chambers's London Journal of History, Literature, Poetry, Biography, & Adventure. Digitization status: Ongoing.
Chambers's London Journal of History, Literature, Poetry, Biography, and Adventure, v. 2, no. 33, January 8, 1842.
by Blanchard, Edward Litt Leman.
In collection: Chambers's London Journal
Chambers's London Journal of History, Literature, Poetry, Biography, and Adventure, v. 2, no. 34, January 15, 1842.
Chambers's London Journal of History, Literature, Poetry, Biography, and Adventure, v. 2, no. 37, February 5, 1842.
Chambers's London Journal of History, Literature, Poetry, Biography, and Adventure, v. 2, no. 38, February 12, 1842.
Chambers's London Journal of History, Literature, Poetry, Biography, and Adventure, v. 2, no. 41, March 5, 1842.
Chambers's London Journal of History, Literature, Poetry, Biography, and Adventure, v. 2, no. 42, March 12, 1842.
Chambers's London Journal of History, Literature, Poetry, Biography, and Adventure, v. 2, no. 45, April 2, 1842.
Chambers's London Journal of History, Literature, Poetry, Biography, and Adventure, v. 2, no. 47, April 16, 1842.
Chambers's London Journal of History, Literature, Poetry, Biography, and Adventure, v. 2, no. 50, May 7, 1842.
Chambers's London Journal of History, Literature, Poetry, Biography, and Adventure, v. 2, no. 51, May 14, 1842.
53 Newspaper
53 Blanchard, Edward Litt Leman
53 Great Britain -- Periodicals 53 History -- Periodicals
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The Austerity War and the impoverishment of disabled people Chris Edwards
All Posts, News, Resources, Welfare reforms Comments Off on The Austerity War and the impoverishment of disabled people Chris Edwards
The Austerity War and the impoverishment of disabled people
Chris Edwards[1], 3 September, 2012
1. The aims of the study
2. Disabled people in the UK – who are they and what are their incomes?
3. The effects of the Austerity Package on income groups
4. Are disabled people suffering greater losses than non-disabled people within each income group?
5. The financial crisis of 2007/08 and ensuing depression
6. The public sector deficit, the 2010 General Election and the Coalition Government
7. The Austerity Package announcements
8. The components of the Austerity Package
9. The Austerity Package causes recession
10. The Austerity Package is not even cutting the deficit
11. But there are alternatives
12. Are we all in this together? The hypocrisy of the Coalition Government
13. The cuts are counter-productive
14. The Austerity War and the need for action
Appendix 1 The Austerity Package – the planned cuts
Appendix 2 The cuts in disability benefits and the job prospects for disabled people
But today we have involved ourselves in a colossal muddle, having blundered in the control of a delicate machine, the working of which we do not understand, The result is that our possibilities of wealth may run to waste for a time – perhaps for a long time” (Keynes, 1930)
Sections 1 and 2
This report studies the effects of the Austerity Package of the Coalition Government on disabled people
The government has refused to do such a study, that is to estimate the cumulative impact of the cuts on disabled people, claiming that it is too complex
This study has been carried out by me, an economist who was not initially familiar with the statistical sources. Imagine what a team of specialists from the Treasury or Department for Work and Pensions could have done!
But the fact that I have done such a study shows that the government was afraid that it would show that those households receiving disability benefits are suffering much greater losses in income and benefits-in-kind as a result of the Austerity Package than households in general
People with impairments should have a higher income to enable them to play an active and fulfilling role in society and to prevent them from being disabled. Instead the official statistics show that households where someone is disabled are poorer on average than households where no-one is disabled, and this 16% gap is greater in the UK than the 12% gap in the rich, OECD countries as a whole
More households where someone is disabled are living in poverty (with an income less than 60% of the social median) than households where no-one is disabled
Sections 3 and 4 and appendices 1 and 2
The Austerity Package analysed here consists of cuts in cash benefits, increases in taxes (most notably VAT) and cuts in benefits-in-kind (cuts in local government , education, health and other Departmental Expenditure) amounting tom £69 billion over the four years from 2011-12 through 2014-15. The government has announced further cuts of £25 billion in the two years 2015-16 and 2016-17 but has not yet given the details. And so this report looks at the £69 billion of cuts planned through to April 2015, the last month of the next General Election
This has been a depressing study for me to carry out because the biggest burden by far of the Austerity Package falls on the poorest households. The estimated loss for the poorest fifth of households amounts to £2,600 over the four years which, as a percentage of their initial cash income plus benefits-in-kind is 10%. This percentage loss is two and a half times as big as the loss on the richest fifth of households. So to say, as the government has, that ‘we are all in this together’ is a lie
Far from being all in it together, the government has not discouraged lies in the tabloid press about disabled people being fit to work but who avoid doing so. The result is that disability hate crimes have reported to a have reached a record high in England and Wales in recent months.
It is true that fewer disabled people of working age are working than non-disabled people. But survey after survey shows that disabled people want to work more but can’t get the jobs and it is the lack of jobs that cause disability rather than the reverse. And it needs to be repeated time and again that disability benefit fraud is tiny. Official errors and unclaimed benefits are both higher.
Cuts in disability benefits were announced in 2010 and were reinforced by the Welfare Reform Act which the government forced through the House of Lords in 2012. The government is notoriously re-assessing disabled people for work through the Work Capability Assessment (WCA). This and the French company, ATOS, running it under a £500 million contract have been strongly criticised by independent experts. Two recent TV programmes both found that the WCA was declaring people fit to work who clearly were not fit to work and it has been reported that the appeals system is gridlocked with 40% of appeals by claimants succeeding.
The cuts to disability benefits are estimated to total £9 billion over the four years, about a third of the total paid in 2009-10. This means that the poorest fifth of the 2.7 million households receiving disability benefits will lose 16% of their cash income plus benefits-in-kind over the four years. This percentage loss is four times as big as the loss for the richest fifth of households
Sections 5 to 10
What is even worse is that the Austerity Package is not working. In the Great Depression of the 1930s, it took five years for national output to get back to pre-recession levels. The Coalition Government is mis-managing an economy where national output is likely to take eight years to get back to the level of 2007.
The Austerity Package is taking government consumption out of the economy at a time when personal consumption is flatlining as the private sector attempts to cut its accumulated debt. To cut government expenditure at such a time is the politics of the madhouse as Paul Krugman has argued in this recent book, End this Depression Now.
The government has been throwing money at the problem through Quantitative Easing (QE) but no-one is spending it on goods and services. It may have pushed up the prices of shares and bonds and property but it of little use in stimulating output. According to the Bank of England, 40% of the gains from QE have accrued to the richest 5% of households.
Since the financial crisis of 2007-08, the British government has channelled £1.2 trillion to the financial sector in the form of bailouts, loans and guarantees and yet the economy continues to stagnate. This is the madness of King (as Governor of the Bank of England) and George (Osborne, as Chancellor of the Exchequer)
It is clear that the Labour Governments of Blair and Brown were incompetent in not regulating the banking sector. But the accusation that Labour let spending run out of control before the recession to not stack up. The deficit grew rapidly because of the banking crash and expenditures undertaken to counter the recession.
The stated aim of the Coalition government when it came to power in 2010 was to eliminate the budget deficit (11% of GDP in 2009) by 2015. For from doing so, the underlying budget deficit was higher in the first half of 2012 than in the first half of 2011. In July 2012, David Cameron was reported as saying that “I don’t see a time when difficult spending choices are going to go away”
The annual cost of the Austerity Package in terms of lost output is running at about £250 billion or almost £10,000 per household
Sections 11 to 14
But there are alternatives to the Austerity Package which are set out in section 11. Broadly these consist of taxing the rich more heavily and introducing a financial transactions tax and spending half the proceeds. At present the richest fifth of households pay less tax than the poorest fifth so taxing the rich would be equitable. It would also be efficient since it would close the deficit while stimulating demand since at the margin the rich spend little on domestic goods and services.
The government says that ‘we are all in this together’. At present, this is clearly nonsense. The poorest sections of society and in particular disabled people are bearing the biggest burden of the cuts
This is a government of the rich (mostly men) serving the (short-term) interests of the rich. The fees for the private schools attended by many if not most members of the Cabinet are greater than the average annual income of UK households.
The Manifesto of the Conservative Party for the 2010 election promised no cut in the disability allowance. In 2002, Iain Duncan Smith, then then leader of the Conservative party sought to rebrand the Tories as the party for the vulnerable. He is now the Coalition’s Work and Pensions Secretary and it is under his watch that the cuts in disability benefits are taking place.
The Austerity Package is an Austerity War and leading to the impoverishment of disabled people. All the advances that disabled people have made over the period since 1945 are being reversed. The Austerity Package must be opposed
This report studies the effect of the Austerity Package of the Coalition Government on disabled people[2]. There are five ways in which the real incomes of people can be cut. One is by a cut in real wages; the second is by being sacked and becoming unemployed; the third is by a rise in taxes; the fourth by a cut in cash benefits; the fifth is by a cut in benefits-in-kind through cuts in government spending on health, education and other support services.
In this report I analyse the third, fourth and fifth of these. As far as I know, this is the only study carried out on the effects of the cuts on disabled people looking at the changes in taxes, the cuts in cash benefits and the cuts in benefits-in-kind through cuts in other government expenditure.
Certainly there is no government study of these effects on disabled people. In May 2012, I wrote to the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) asking if the Government had estimated, or were planning to estimate the cumulative effect of planned reforms on disabled people. The reply was a quoted response to a Parliamentary Question on the issue. I was told that In Parliament, the Secretary of State had said;
“The government is limited in what cumulative analysis is possible because of the complexity of the modelling required and the amount of detailed information on individuals and families that is required to estimate the interactions of a number of different policy changes. In addition the Government’s programme of welfare reform will not be fully implemented until 2017/18 and many policy details are still to be worked through. Equality Impact Assessments are however carried out for individual policies where there is a requirement” (email to me from the DWP dated May 3 2012)
And so, the government argues, the analysis is too difficult. As I write this report, a group of disability campaigners have launched a petition “to stop and review the cuts to benefits and services which are falling disproportionately on disabled people, their carers and families”. As of August 24 2012, more than 42,000 people had signed the petition[3].
As I say, in this report I have analysed the effects on disabled people of changes in taxes, cuts in cash benefits and of cuts in benefits-in-kind. There are three steps in this analysis.
The first step is to look at the income distribution of households in the UK in five groups or quintiles. In other words, the 26 million households are divided into five income groups or quintiles, each of just over 5 million. This step distinguishes between households in which someone is disabled and households in which no-one is disabled. The households in which someone is disabled are further split into those receiving disability benefits and those not receiving disability benefits. The information for this step comes from the annual survey published by the DWP and entitled “Households Below Average Incomes”.
The second step is to analyse the effects of the Austerity Package on the five income groups of households. As far as the changes in taxes and benefits are concerned, I have used the studies published by the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS). In most of their studies, the IFS looks at the effects of changes in taxes and benefits on different income groups. The IFS groups households into ten income groups or deciles and examines the effects of the changes in taxes and benefits on these deciles. However because I have income distribution data for disabled people only by quintiles, I have collapsed the IFS data into quintiles of households.
Occasionally the IFS carries out a study on particular groups of households across the income groups, an example being a study entitled “The Impact of Austerity Measures on Households with Children”. The report’s author was James Browne and it was published in January 2012 (Browne, January 2012). But the IFS has not carried out a specific study of the effects of changes in taxes and cuts in cash benefits on disabled people.
Nor has the IFS carried out a study of cuts in benefits-in-kind and so it does not include all the changes in public expenditure in its analysis. This is a major omission given that just under 70% of the planned austerity package (to be implemented up to 2014-15) consists of cuts in spending on public services. About 26% is planned to be cuts in cash benefits and a little over 4% consists of net changes in direct and indirect taxes.
The next question is; How do we allocate the spending on public services (such as local government, health, education, etc) between income groups? Here public service spending is allocated across income groups according to the size of the household and the households’ relative use of the services, the latter derived from various surveys. O’Dea and Preston of the IFS have warned of the dangers of this approach arguing that cost is not the same as the value to the user (see O’Dea and Preston, October 2010). However my answer to this is; given the importance of public expenditure to the welfare of households and given the importance of changes in spending on services compared to changes in taxes and cash benefits, it is surely a mistake not to attempt to measure the impact of the cuts in benefits-in-kind. Otherwise we are looking at only a few trees in the forest.
Fortunately for me an analysis of the distribution of, and cuts in government service expenditure has been carried out by Howard Reed of Landman Economics and he has kindly provided me with the figures on the distribution of benefits-in-kind and the cuts in these services by quintile group.
The third step is to measure the effects of the cuts in benefits and increase in taxes on those households receiving disability benefits. The source for this is the annual analysis of the Office of National Statistics entitled “Effects of Taxes and Benefits on Household Income”.
I do not pretend that the analysis is precise. It could doubtless be improved. It has been a difficult study to carry out. But the fact that I have achieved as much as I have reveals the dishonesty of the Government when it says that a cumulative impact assessment of the cuts on disabled people is ‘too difficult’. It is clear to me that the Government is afraid of revealing the vicious effects of the cuts on those households receiving disability benefits. I have carried out this study alone. Imagine what could have been done by a team of people from the Treasury or from the Department for Work and Pensions.
As I say, it has been a very difficult study to carry out. It has also been depressing – for two reasons. First because digging out the information has been difficult since I was not, initially, familiar with all the surveys and sources. The second reason for getting depressed was because as I began to collect the information, it painted such a harsh picture. The cuts are hitting disabled people (arguably the most vulnerable section of society) very hard indeed. Indeed this is probably the hardest hit of any group in society.
But not only has the exercise been depressing. It has also made me angry since the whole Austerity Package exercise is so stupid and unnecessary. I feel the same anger as is reflected in End this Depression Now, the book published earlier this year and written by Paul Krugman, the Nobel prize-winner (Krugman 2012).
The next few sections of this report look at who the disabled people are, how many of them there are and how the Austerity Package (the cuts in benefits, rise in taxes and cuts in benefits-in-kind) is affecting those households receiving disability benefits. Then I set out the historical context of the Austerity Package, its component parts and why the policy is not only vicious but also counter-productive. The final sections look at the hypocrisy of the Coalition Government, sets out alternative policies and the need for action to implement alternative policies.
Download full report
Posted by admin at 17:06 Tagged with: Austerirty war and the impoverishment of disabled people, Austerity and disabled people, Chris Edwards, deficit, resession
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How To: Play the intro to "Under the Bridge" by the RHCP
By daylightspool
Want to know how to play the introduction to "Under the Bridge" by Red Hot Chili Peppers on the guitar? Learn how with this free video guitar lesson. While this tutorial is best suited for intermediate players, guitarists of all skill levels can play along given a little sticktoitiveness. For more information, and to get started playing RHCP's "Under the Bridge" on your own guitar, watch this how-to!
How To: Play "Under the Bridge" by the Red Hot Chili Peppers on guitar
How To: Play "Under the Bridge" by Red Hot Chili Peppers
How To: Play "Don't Tell Me" by Avril Lavigne on the guitar
How To: Play "Californication" by RHCP on guitar
How To: Play "Smells Like Teen Spirit" by Nirvana on the guitar
How To: Play "Sweet Home Alabama" on the electric guitar
How To: Play "Le Freak" by Chic on the bass
How To: Play "Island in the Sun" on the ukulele
How To: Play "My Happy Ending" by Avril Lavigne on the guitar
How To: Play the intro to Stevie Ray's "Love Struck Baby"
How To: Play "Band on the Run" by Wings / Paul McCartney
How To: Play "Complicated" by Avril Lavigne on the guitar
How To: Play "Truth" by Seether on acoustic guitar
How To: Play the intro to Enter Sandman on guitar
How To: Play "I'm with you" by Avril Lavigne on the guitar
How To: Play "Say Goodbye" by Skillet on guitar
How To: Play "Eleanor Rigby" by The Beatles on guitar
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How To: Play the intro from "The Winner Takes It All" by ABBA
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How To: Play "Breathless" by Corinne Bailey Rae on guitar
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How To: Play The Smiths "There Is A Light That Never Goes Out"
How To: Play "Hurt" by Johnny Cash (NIN cover) on guitar
How To: Play "Until You're Mine" by Demi Lovato on guitar
How To: Play "Decoy" by Paramore on guitar
How To: Play "One Step At A Time" by Jordin Sparks
How To: Play "History" by The Verve on guitar
How To: Play "People Are Crazy" by Billy Currington on guitar
How To: Play the intro to "Space Dementia" by Muse on piano
How To: Play intro of "Welcome to the Black Parade" on piano
How To: Play "Year 3000" by Jonas Brothers on piano
How To: Play the intro solo to "Welcome Home (Sanitarium)"
How To: Play the intro to "That'll Be the Day" without a capo
How To: Play the intro to "Crazy Train" on electric guitar
How To: Play "Things I'll Never Say"by Avril Lavigne on guitar
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Boycotting Pak equivalent to surrendering: Shashi Tharoor on India-Pak WC match
Written by Epilogue on 22nd February 2019
“We should not make cricket a substitute for other actions that our government should be able to take,” opined Congress leader Shashi Tharoor after tension Escalated between India and Pakistan amid uncertainty over upcoming World Cup Match.This statement from Tharoor came just ahead of the Supreme Court (SC)-appointed Committee of Administrators (CoA)’s a crucial decision on whether India should play Pakistan in the 2019 ICC World Cup in the wake of Pulwama terror attack.In an exclusive interview to ANI, the Congress leader also reminded the nation that two countries played the World Cup even at the height of Kargil war. ” In 1999 Kargil War, India played Pakistan in the cricket World Cup and won. To forfeit the match this year would not just cost two points: it would be worse than a surrender since it would be defeat without a fight.”
Pulwama attack in which 40 Central Police Reserve Force (CRPF) personnel lost their lives, cast a shadow on the match between India and Pakistan which is scheduled for June 16 this year.
Several leaders from within the country have called for a boycott in order to isolate Pakistan at international platforms in various areas including sports.
India-Pak WC match
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Court Denies Stay of Parallel State Court Action involving Similar, Though Not Identical, Securities Laws Violations
On March 20, 2018, the United States Supreme Court decided Cyan, Inc. v. Beaver County Employees Retirement Fund, 138 S. Ct. 1061, 1069 (2018), in which it unanimously held that the Securities Litigation Uniform Standards Act of 1998 (“SLUSA”) does not strip state courts of subject-matter jurisdiction over class actions involving claims exclusively brought under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “1933 Act”), and does not allow for the removal of those cases to federal court.
This Blog wrote about the decision here. Among the issues we discussed that could arise in the wake of the decision was the possibility that defendants would be subject to parallel securities litigation in federal court:
Class action plaintiffs asserting claims only under the 1933 Act will most likely file their complaints exclusively in state court. After Cyan, such exclusivity could subject defendants to litigating 1933 Act cases in state court while at the same time litigating in federal court Exchange Act claims arising under substantially the same facts and circumstances as the 1933 Act claims.
At the time of the article, we noted that Cornerstone Research had found that this phenomenon had already been happening, albeit on a small scale. [Here (noting that there were seven 1933 Act actions pending in state court since 2014, all of which had parallel actions in federal court).]
One year later, parallel 1933 Act litigation has materially increased. According to a study by Stanford Securities Litigation Analytics, at the request of Professional Liability Underwriting Society, titled “State Section 11 Litigation in the Post-Cyan Environment” (the “White Paper”) (here), “[i]n the year since Cyan was decided, 26 Section 11 cases have been filed in state courts, compared to 10 cases filed in the prior year.” Of those cases, “48% … have been filed in both federal and state courts—meaning 48% of defendants have faced litigation for the same alleged violations in both state and federal court simultaneously.” Id. In the three years prior to Cyan, defendants only faced parallel litigation in 16% of the cases. Id.
Recently, Justice Barry R. Ostrager of the Supreme Court, New York, Commercial Division, was faced with a motion to stay an action arising under Section 11 of the 1933 Act “in favor of a subsequently filed and unquestionably more comprehensive federal action” involving “broader issues and multiple classes of shareholders.” Hoffman v. AT&T Inc., 2019 N.Y. Slip Op. 31811(U), at **1, 3 (Sup. Ct. N.Y. County, June 21, 2019) (here). As discussed below, the Court denied the motion.
Hoffman v. AT&T Inc.
Hoffman is a securities class action brought on behalf of the former shareholders of Time Warner Inc. (“Time Warner”), who alleged violations of the 1933 Act in connection with AT&T Inc.’s (“AT&T”) June 2018 acquisition of Time Warner (the “Acquisition”). Slip Op. at *1. In order to acquire Time Warner, AT&T issued the putative class 1.185 billion shares of new AT&T stock pursuant to a registration statement and prospectus (collectively, the ‘Registration Statement’) that, Plaintiff alleged, failed to disclose material deterioration in AT&T’s DirecTV and DirecTV Now business. Id.
On February 7, 2019, Plaintiff, Robert Hoffman (“Hoffman”), filed a complaint in New York Supreme Court asserting claims under Sections 11, 12(a)(2), and 15 of the 1933 Act “on behalf of all persons who acquired AT&T common stock pursuant or traceable to the [Registration Statement] issued in connection with” the Acquisition.
Plaintiff alleged that the “Registration Statement touted yearly and quarterly growth trends in AT&T’s Entertainment Group segment, particularly Video Entertainment, including quarterly subscriber gains in its DirecTV Now service sufficient to offset any decrease in traditional satellite DirecTV subscribers, such that AT&T was experiencing an ongoing trend of total video subscriber ‘Net Additions’”, but that, “by the time of the Acquisition, AT&T’s reported ‘Net Additions’ growth trend was already reversing into a severe ‘Net Loss’”. Plaintiff requested that the Court certify a class action, award damages and reasonable costs and expenses, and order “such other equitable or injunctive relief as deemed appropriate by the Court.”
On April 10, 2019, “the Court granted on consent a motion to designate” lead counsel “for the proposed class.” Slip Op. at *2. On May 7, 2019, lead counsel filed a First Amended Class Action Complaint, together with discovery requests. Id.
On April 1, 2019, plaintiff, Melvin Gross (“Gross”), filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, alleging violations of both the 1933 Act and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “1934 Act”), Gross v. AT&T Inc., No. 19 Civ. 2892 (S.D.N.Y.) (Caproni, J.) (the “Federal Action”). Like the Hoffman action, the Gross action asserted claims under Sections 11, 12(a)(2), and 15 of the 1933 Act against the same defendants, on behalf of the same putative class, based on the same allegations of wrongdoing (i.e., that the “Registration Statement touted . . . that AT&T was experiencing an ongoing trend of total video subscriber ‘Net Additions’”, but that “by the time of the Acquisition, AT&T’s reported ‘Net Additions’ growth trend was already reversing into a severe ‘Net Loss’”), and seeking the same relief (i.e., certification as a class action, an award of damages and reasonable costs and expenses, and “such other and further relief as th[e] Court may deem just and proper”). In addition, Gross asserted claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the 1934 Act on behalf of an additional class of persons who “purchased or acquired AT&T securities between October 22, 2016 and October 24, 2018”, and alleged additional misstatements and omissions not in the Registration Statement. Thus, the Federal Action asserted “broader claims on behalf of classes of variously situated Time Warner and AT&T shareholders.”
Pursuant to the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act (“PSLRA”), the federal court is considering motions by at least five sets of plaintiffs to be appointed lead or co-lead plaintiff.
The Court’s Decision
Justice Ostrager noted that prior to the establishment of the Commercial Division, courts evaluating a motion to stay securities litigation often placed great weight on the action that would provide the most comprehensive disposition – most generally the parallel federal action. Slip Op. at *2, citing Barron v. Bluhdorn, 68 A.D.2d 809 (1st Dept. 1979). The Court observed that this was so even when the first-filed action was in the Supreme Court. Id. Justice Ostrager explained that the rationale behind “Barron and its progeny is that where there is a substantial overlap between the parties and issues and relief sought in both state and federal courts, staying the state court case would avoid the waste of judicial resources, potential inconsistent rulings, and duplication of effort.” Id. This was especially so given the perception that the federal courts “have a greater familiarity with securities law.” Id.
That changed, held the Court, with the creation of the Commercial Division and the United States Supreme Court’s decision in Cyan. No longer should the reasoning of Barron and its progeny be “mechanically applied[,]” said the Court. Id. at *3.
[Ed. Note: CPLR § 2201 provides that, “[e]xcept where otherwise prescribed by law, the court in which an action is pending may grant a stay of proceedings in a proper case, upon such terms as may be just.” Despite its apparent broad scope, CPLR § 2201 “has been limited by decision.” Hope’s Windows v. Albro Metal Prods. Corp., 93 A.D.2d 711, 712 (1st Dept. 1983). Thus, “[it] is appropriate to stay an action in deference to another only where the determination in the other will resolve all of the issues in the stayed action and the judgment on one trial will dispose of the controversy in both actions. The possibility or actuality of two trials is of no importance.” Mt. McKinley Ins. Co. v. Corning Inc., 33 A.D.3d 51, 58-59 (1st Dept. 2006).
In considering a motion for a stay under CPLR § 2201, courts consider the following factors: (i) whether there is substantial overlap between the parties, issues, and relief requested; (ii) where a more complete disposition may be obtained; (iii) which court has greater familiarity with the issues; (iv) whether a stay will avoid waste of judicial resources, the potential for inconsistent rulings, and duplication of effort; (v) whether plaintiffs have demonstrated that they would be prejudiced by a stay; and (vi) which action was commenced first and whether discovery has been completed. Asher v. Abbot Labs., 307 A.D.2d 211, 211-12 (1st Dept. 2003).
In addition, New York courts consider whether to apply the first-filed rule – that is “the court which has first taken jurisdiction is the one in which the matter should be determined and it is a violation of the rules of comity to interfere.” In re Topps Co., Inc. S’holder Litig., 2007 WL 5018882, at *3 (Sup. Ct., N.Y. County June 8, 2007).]
Free of the mechanical application of Barron and its progeny, Justice Ostrager held that it was not appropriate to stay the Hoffman action in favor of the Gross action:
Here, a New York plaintiff has initiated discrete claims on behalf of Time Warner shareholders that can be well on the way to judicial resolution while five sets of plaintiffs lawyers jockey for control of a federal court action that includes claims on behalf of individuals who are not members of the state court class as well as the members of the state court class. The liability issues in a 1933 Act case are, if anything, less complex than issues the Commercial Division resolves every week. Defendants are free to test the merits of plaintiff[’]s claims before this Court, which is familiar with the issues in this case, and there is no reason to believe that the merits of plaintiff[’]s claims cannot be resolved as efficiently and, perhaps, more expeditiously than the 1933 Act claims asserted in the federal action because the likelihood is that more than one set of counsel will be appointed to represent differently situated shareholders in the federal action and the pleadings in the federal court may not be fixed for an extended period of time.
Slip Op. at *3.
The Court also floated the possibility that Judge Caproni could stay litigation of the 1933 Act claims in the Gross action under the Colorado River Abstention Doctrine: “because the federal action involve[d] broader issues and multiple classes of shareholders, the federal court may consider staying the 1933 Act claims in the federal action in favor of this earlier filed action.” Id., citing Krieger v. Atheros Communications, Inc., 776 F. Supp. 2d 1053, 1057-63 (N.D. Cal. 2011) (staying state law claims under the Colorado River Doctrine while allowing 1934 Act claims to proceed).
[Ed. Note: Under the Colorado River Abstention Doctrine, a federal court may abstain from exercising its jurisdiction in favor of parallel state proceedings where doing so would serve the interests of “[w]ise judicial administration, giving regard to the conservation of judicial resources and comprehensive disposition of litigation.” Colorado River Water Conservation Dist. v. United States, 424 U.S. 800, 818 (1976).
Colorado River and its progeny set forth seven factors, that, although not exclusive, are relevant to determining whether it is appropriate to stay proceedings: (1) whether the state court first assumed jurisdiction over property; (2) inconvenience of the federal forum; (3) the desirability of avoiding piecemeal litigation; (4) the order in which jurisdiction was obtained by the concurrent forums; (5) whether federal law or state law provides the rule of decision on the merits; (6) whether the state court proceedings are inadequate to protect the federal litigant’s rights; and (7) whether exercising jurisdiction would promote forum shopping. Id. at 870; Krieger, 776 F. Supp. 2d at 1057. “Exact parallelism” between the state and federal actions is not required; it is enough if the two actions are “substantially similar.” Krieger, 776 F. Supp. 2d at 1057, quoting Nakash v. Marciano, 882 F.2d 1411, 1416 (9th Cir. 1989). “These factors should be weighed in a ‘pragmatic, flexible manner with a view to the realities of the case at hand’ and ‘with the balance heavily weighted in favor of the exercise of jurisdiction.’” Id., quoting Moses H. Cone Mem. Hosp. v. Mercury Constr. Corp., 460 U.S. 1, 16, 21 (1983). Courts have cautioned that the existence of a substantial doubt as to whether the state proceedings will resolve the federal action generally precludes the granting of a stay pursuant to Colorado River. Krieger, 776 F. Supp. 2d at 1058, citing Intel Corp. v. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., 12 F.3d 908, 913 (9th Cir.1993).]
“In short,” concluded the Court, “the ‘first filed’ rule must have some vitality in a post-Cyan world. Otherwise, 1933 Act cases could never proceed in state court whenever a subsequently filed federal court action asserts claims in addition to 1933 Act claims.”
In the wake of Cyan, there has been an uptick in the number of cases in which defendants face parallel actions involving the same or substantially the same subject matter and requested relief. In New York, motions to stay a state court securities action in favor of a substantially similar federal securities action have been met with mixed results. Compare Hoffman with Reaves v. Kessler, 2017 WL 2482948, at *5 (Sup. Ct., N.Y. County June 8, 2017) (in a pre-Cyan case, the court stayed the state action, holding “Because the federal court has exclusive jurisdiction over the … claims under the Exchange Act, the federal court will provide a more complete disposition of the claims. A stay avoids the risk of inconsistent rulings, duplication of effort, and waste of judicial resources.”), and In re Qudian Sec. Litig., 2018 WL 6067209, at *2 (Sup. Ct., N.Y. County 2018) (post Cyan, staying 1933 Act class action pending resolution of federal securities action).
In addition to a stay motion, defendants can seek to enjoin the state action in federal court under the All Writs Act and the Anti-Injunction Act. See White Paper at 15. However, the likelihood of success seems dubious. Two such motions were made prior to Cyan. Id. Both were denied. Id. and id. at n.30 (explaining the injunctive relief under both acts).
Defendants can also seek abstention under the Colorado River Abstention Doctrine, as suggested by Justice Ostrager, though it seems unlikely defendants would avail themselves of this option.
While Justice Ostrager left the door open to revisit the decision if developments in the federal action “provide sufficient cause”, it is unclear to what developments the Court is referring. Perhaps he is referring to the possibility that settlement discussions involving all claims could begin in the federal action, requiring a stay of the state action during such discussions. Or, that it becomes apparent the putative class in the state action will be prejudiced by having two sets of lead plaintiffs and lead counsel litigating their claims – e.g., the class representative in the state action is found to be conflicted or has some other disabling reason for not being able to adequately represent the putative class, plaintiffs in both actions incur excessive and duplicative fees that reduce any class recovery, and two sets of putative class representatives advancing materially inconsistent case strategies.
In any event, it remains to be seen whether “developments in the federal action [will] provide sufficient cause for [the] Court to revisit the disposition of [the] motion to stay proceedings in [the state court] action.…” Slip Op. at *4. This Blog will continue to monitor the developments in the Hoffman
Tagged with: 1933 Act, and Business Litigation, Colorado River Abstention Doctrine, Commercial Litigation, CPLR 2201, Cyan, First-Filed Rule, Parallel Litigation, Securities, Securities Act, Securities Class Actions
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British chef Keith Floyd dies at age 65
20 June 2019: U.S. heiress, designer, and author Gloria Vanderbilt dies at 95
21 May 2019: Nickey Iyambo, former vice-president of Namibia, dies aged 82
16 May 2019: Actor Doris Day dies at 97
11 February 2019: Pioneering oceanographer Walter Munk dies of pneumonia in California
22 January 2019: Former U.S. intelligence agent Tony Mendez, architect of 'Argo' rescue, dies at 78
British chef Keith Floyd has died at the age of 65 after a heart attack in Dorset, England.
Keith Floyd was best known for his cookery programmes, particularly on British television channel BBC, although he has also featured on shows on ITV. He was arguably most popular for his Floyd on series, with shows like Floyd on Food, Floyd on Spain, Floyd on Italy etc. He also presented Floyd on GMTV in 1998. Keith had been presenting programmes from 1984 to 2001.
On July 29, it was reported that Floyd had been diagnosed with bowel cancer in June. After undergoing five serious operations, 90% of the cancer was removed. He later had chemotherapy. He died on Monday of a heart attack in his partner's house in Dorset, England.
Famous chefs around the world have been expressing their sadness for his death and made comments about him to British newspaper, The Guardian. Among them was Rick Stein, who said, "I first met Keith in the early 80s. He used to come to the restaurant regularly and knew Padstow well because his first wife came from Port Isaac. At a time when I was experimenting with Provençal dishes like Bouillabaisse and Bourride he was a Gauloise-smoking, red wine drinking hero who had actually owned a restaurant next to the Mediterranean. One thing was certain — he cooked like a dream and loved food and wine with a passion."
Other cooks such as Michel Roux, Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall and Heston Blumenthal expressed condolences. Gordon Ramsay stated, "Keith Floyd was a true original. A natural performer and a superb cook, he broke new ground with his programmes and his contribution to television cookery was immense."
What was your opinion on Keith Floyd?
Add or view comments
Marco Pierre White stated that, "A little piece of Britain died yesterday which will never be replaced. He was an individual, he was a maverick, he was mercurial, he was magical, he was special, he was rare."
Keith Floyd died on September 14, the same day a documentary was broadcast on Channel 4 called Keith Meets Keith, which featured comedian Keith Allen interviewing Keith Floyd. It emerged that his death was just a few hours beforehand, however the information was unknown at the time of broadcast.
Celia Martin, who was staying with Floyd at the time of his death, gave an interview with London local newspaper Evening Standard.
"When we got home he had a siesta and got up feeling a bit headachy. We had both eaten a lot so I put it down to that. He laid down on the sofa and I thought he went to sleep. Then suddenly his breathing became erratic," Martin said. "I phoned for an ambulance and the operator gave me instructions on how to help him. He didn't say anything at all. The ambulance people were here for about an hour. They thought there was a chance they could save him. It was so bizarre, we were sitting down to watch the documentary at 10pm but by that time he had died."
Ross Lydall. "Heart attack kills TV chef Keith Floyd, aged 65" — Evening Standard, September 15, 2009
"Keith Floyd" — The Daily Telegraph, September 15, 2009
"Keith Floyd: the original rock 'n' roll television cook" — guardian.co.uk, September 15, 2009
"Celebrity chef Keith Floyd dies" — BBC News Online, September 15, 2009
Retrieved from "https://en.wikinews.org/w/index.php?title=British_chef_Keith_Floyd_dies_at_age_65&oldid=1566249"
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Prison inmate wins 41% against President Obama in West Virginia primary
2012 U.S. Presidential Election stories
7 November 2012: World leaders react to Obama win
7 November 2012: United States re-elects Barack Obama
7 November 2012: Australian Broadcasting Corporation plans to call California for Obama before polls close
5 November 2012: Wikinews interviews former New Mexico governor Gary Johnson, presidential nominee of the Libertarian Party
5 November 2012: On the campaign trail, October 2012
Federal prison inmate Keith Russell Judd, of Texas, won 72,459 votes (40.6 percent) in Tuesday's West Virginia Democratic presidential primary, behind President Barack Obama, who finished with 105,833 (59.4 percent).
Judd qualified to appear on the West Virginia ballot after completing a notarized certification of announcement and paying the required $2,500 filing fee. Although surpassing 15 percent of the vote qualifies him for a Democratic National Convention delegate, according to Democratic Party Executive Director Derek Scarbro, Judd did not specify a delegate slate and will likely not be awarded a delegate.
West Virginia Democratic primary by county. President Obama won the counties in black while Keith Judd won the counties in red.
Image: William S. Saturn.
Judd has run several unsuccessful write-in campaigns for mayor of Albuquerque and governor of New Mexico, and appeared on the 2008 Idaho Democratic primary ballot, winning 734 votes. He was sentenced to 210 months of prison in 1999 after being found guilty of "mailing a threatening communication with intent to extort money or something of value" at the University of New Mexico. He is currently serving his term at the Beaumont Federal Correctional Institution.
Though federal law prohibits felons from voting in elections, they are still eligible to run for office. Judd is not the first prisoner to run for president. In 1920, Eugene V. Debs of the Socialist Party of America ran a presidential campaign from prison after being prosecuted under the Espionage Act of 1917. He won nearly a million votes.
According to Democratic consultant Mike Plante, "most of the people who were casting a vote for Keith Judd, it was not a vote for him, it was a vote expressing dissatisfaction with the president." One West Virginia voter expressed this sentiment, telling the Associated Press that he "voted against Obama" because "I don't like him. He didn't carry the state before and I'm not going to let him carry it again." In 2008, Obama finished with only 25.77 percent of the West Virginia primary vote, losing to Hillary Clinton.
Though Obama has faced some challenges in the Democratic primaries, losing 18 percent to anti-abortion activist Randall Terry in Oklahoma, losing nearly 12 percent to attorney John Wolfe, Jr. in Louisiana, and having 18 and 21 percent of Democrats in Alabama and North Carolina vote "uncommitted", he has already won enough delegates to secure the Democratic nomination.
"On the campaign trail, April 2012" — Wikinews, May 5, 2012
"On the campaign trail, March 2012" — Wikinews, April 4, 2012
"Super Tuesday 2012: President Obama loses a delegate to Randall Terry" — Wikinews, March 10, 2012
"West Virginia Primary Results" — Politico, May 9, 2012 (date of access)
"Eugene Victor Debs 1855-1926" — Eugene V. Debs Foundation, May 9, 2012 (date of access)
David Martosko. "Federal prisoner gives Obama run for his money in W.Va." — The Daily Caller, May 9, 2012
AP. "Federal inmate makes strong showing against Obama in West Virginia primary" — Fox News, May 9, 2012
Matthew Reichbach. "Federal inmate/presidential candidate has NM ties" — New Mexico Telegram, May 8, 2012
Richard Winger. "Texas Prisoner May be Only Opponent to President Obama on West Virginia Presidential Primary Ballot" — Ballot Access News, January 28, 2012
Retrieved from "https://en.wikinews.org/w/index.php?title=Prison_inmate_wins_41%25_against_President_Obama_in_West_Virginia_primary&oldid=1502147"
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(Redirected from Chevrolet Lacetti)
The Daewoo Lacetti is a compact car manufactured and marketed globally by GM Korea since 2002 and now in its third generation.
Daewoo (General Motors)
2002–2011 (South Korea)
2003–present (GM Uzbekistan)
Compact (C)
Front-engine, front-wheel-drive
Daewoo J
Daewoo Lacetti Premiere
The first-generation Lacetti was available as a four-door sedan and five-door station wagon, styled by Pininfarina—and five-door hatchback styled by Giorgetto Giugiaro. The sedan and wagon were marketed as the Suzuki Forenza in North America. The hatchback, was introduced in 2004 and marketed as Daewoo Lacetti5 in South Korea, Suzuki Reno in the United States, Daewoo Nubira in Europe, and elsewhere also as the Chevrolet Nubira and Lacetti.
In November 2008, the second-generation Lacetti was launched as the Daewoo Lacetti Premiere, a badge-engineered version of the Chevrolet Cruze, co-developed by GM Daewoo and Chevrolet. It was marketed under the Daewoo marque until the beginning of 2011, when the brand was discontinued, and was marketed under the Chevrolet and Holden brands.
The name Lacetti derives from the Latin "Lacertus", meaning "youthful".[1]
First generation (J200; 2002–2009)Edit
First generation (J200)
Buick Excelle (China)
Chevrolet Lacetti (Europe, hatchback, 2005–2009)
Chevrolet Optra (Asia, South America, Canada, Mexico, South Africa)
Chevrolet Optra5
Chevrolet Estate (Indonesia)
Chevrolet Nubira (Europe, station wagon and sedan, 2005–2009)
Daewoo Nubira (Europe, sation wagon and sedan, 2002–2005)
Daewoo Gentra (Uzbekistan)
Holden Viva (Australia)
Ravon Gentra (Russia)
Suzuki Reno (United States, hatchback)
Suzuki Forenza (United States, sedan)
South Korea: 2002–2009
Colombia: 2004–2013
China: 2003–2016
Russia: 2007–2012
Uzbekistan: 2008–present
Gunsan, South Korea
Bogota, Colombia (GM Colmotores)
Halol, India (GM India)
Shanghai, China (Shanghai GM)
Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan
Kaliningrad, Russia
Rayong, Thailand
Valencia, Venezuela (GM Venezuela)
Ha Noi, Vietnam (GM Vietnam)
Asaka, Uzbekistan (GM Uzbekistan)
Pininfarina (sedan, station wagon)
Giorgetto Giugiaro (hatchback)
4-door sedan
5-door hatchback
5-door station wagon
Baojun 630
1.4 L E-TEC I4 (petrol)
1.8 L Family II I4 (petrol)
2.0 L RA 420 I4 (diesel)
102.4 in (2,601 mm)
177.2 in (4,501 mm) (sedan)
169.1 in (4,295 mm) (hatchback)
179.7 in (4,564 mm) (station wagon, Suzuki)
180.3 in (4,580 mm) (station wagon, Chevrolet)
67.9 in (1,725 mm)
56.9 in (1,445 mm) (sedan & hatchback)
59.1 in (1,501 mm) (station wagon)
2,756–2,855 lb (1,250–1,295 kg)
Chevrolet Cruze Chevrolet Sonic (Not direct successors)
Body styles and designEdit
Lacetti was developed based on its predecessor Nubira under Daewoo before it was acquired by GM.[2] The four-door sedan, designed by Pininfarina, was launched in South Korea on 25 November 2002,[3] following a development period of two years and six months.
A pre-production prototype of the five-door hatchback, styled by Giorgetto Giugiaro, was shown at the Frankfurt Motor Show in September 2003 with production starting in December.[4] The hatchback featured a different exterior and interior design than the sedan.
At the Geneva Motor Show in March 2004, Daewoo revealed the station wagon body variant penned by Pininfarina with the hatchback's updated interior and a facelifted derivative of the sedan's frontal styling. The facelift replaced the three-slot grille with a single item for a new full-length item featuring a bold horizontal bar capped in the center by the company's logo. The wagon's door handles ditch the lift-up variety from the sedan and hatchback for pullout versions.[5] A facelift for the sedan was released on 25 March incorporating these new door handles, front-end styling and interior changes. The hatchback also received new door handles around this time.
The sedan was facelifted for some markets from 2007, receiving the same front end as the hatchback featured since its debut. This version was only produced in certain countries, such as Colombia, India or Thailand, and in 2013–2016 in Uzbekistan as the Daewoo Gentra.[6]
Daewoo Lacetti sedan (pre-facelift)
Daewoo Lacetti hatchback (pre-facelift)
Daewoo Lacetti wagon (facelift)
Daewoo Lacetti hatchback (facelift)
Marketing and productionEdit
South KoreaEdit
In South Korea, the four-door Daewoo Lacetti was released in 2002. The five-door hatchback showed off only after the 2004 facelift of the sedan, which mainly included a new front grill, switching from a three-part corporate Daewoo grill to a simpler, Chevrolet-style grill. The hatchback name was Lacetti5, offering a specific design for the front, rear and dashboard.
The wagon version, called simply the Lacetti Wagon, was introduced in late 2007—though it was already sold in many other countries. It had the same dashboard as the hatchback, with the sedan front end. At the same time, GM Daewoo introduced the VM Motori diesel engines on the Lacetti range.
When the Lacetti Premiere was introduced in November 2008, the sedan and wagon version sales were discontinued, leaving the only hatchback in the range, renamed Lacetti EX. The Lacetti EX was discontinued in October 2009.
Australia and New ZealandEdit
In Australia and New Zealand the Daewoo Lacetti was briefly sold between September 2003 and December 2004 as a four-door sedan.[7] At this time, Daewoo withdrew from the Australian market.[8] Fitted with the 1.8-liter engine rated at 90 kW (120 hp) and 165 N⋅m (122 lb⋅ft), the Lacetti offered standard five-speed manual or optional four-speed automatic transmission.[8] The single trim level, called SX, included are dual front airbags, air conditioning, power steering, keyless entry, power windows, CD player, and an alarm.[9] The special edition SX Limited from October 2003 added anti-lock brakes, side impact airbags, alloy wheels, climate control air conditioning, six-stacker CD player, tilt/telescopic steering wheel, lumbar support for the front passenger seat, and leather trim.[10]
From 2005, the Lacetti (sedan and wagon) and Lacetti hatchback were sold together as the JF series Holden Viva. It was introduced at around the same time as the Daewoo Gentra-based Holden Barina. Unlike the Barina, however, the Viva was meant to be below the premium Holden Astra as a budget alternative.
Despite the Viva's lower price compared to the Astra (A$17,990 compared to A$21,990), the Astra continued to outsell the Viva by a factor of about two-to-one.[11]
With the release of the all new Holden Cruze in mid-2009 the Viva ceased to be sold in Australia. In New Zealand, where many cars are imported second-hand from Japan, several Japanese specification Chevrolet Optra sedans and wagons were also sold.
Holden Viva hatchback
Holden Viva sedan
CanadaEdit
The Lacetti was available in Canada as the Chevrolet Optra in two models, a four-door hatchback (the Optra5), and an Optra wagon, all in LS or LT trim levels (2005 wagon only had base or LS trim levels). The sedan was available for model years 2004 and 2005, but was removed for 2006. All are powered by the 2.0-liter inline-four D-TEC engine, rated at 119 hp (89 kW) at 5400 rpm and 126 lb⋅ft (171 N⋅m) of torque at 4000 rpm, driving the front wheels through either a five-speed manual transmission or a four-speed automatic. Despite its compact size and the 2.0-liter engine, fuel economy was poor rated at 10.7 and 7.4 L/100 km (22 and 32 mpg‑US) for city and highway driving, respectively, which was worse than mid-size cars like the Toyota Camry or Honda Accord, considering that the Optra was a compact car.[12]
The car was positioned as a versatile and fun to drive but affordable budget compact family car. Brakes are disc, front and rear. The Optra slotted between the Cobalt and the Aveo, and it replaced the Daewoo Nubira.
Independent suspension, 15-inch wheels, and CD player were standard on the LS sedan, with optional ABS and air conditioning; the LT adds standard air conditioning and cruise control, standard fog lamps on both LS and LT, and an optional sunroof. The sedan is rated as an Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle.
The Optra5 hatchback was added to the line-up for 2004 and was more contemporary in styling and equipment, with projector type headlights and fog lamps, clear taillight lenses, and blackout grille. In addition to the same options available on the sedan LS and LT models, an options package contained alloy wheels, sunroof, spoiler, leather steering wheel and shift knob, and steering wheel mounted controls for the eight-speaker audio system.
The Optra wagon was also added to the line-up for 2005, sharing the sedan’s front styling. The wagon has standard alloy roof rails, 60/40 folding rear seat, and a 12-volt power outlet in the rear compartment, in addition to the same options available on the sedan LS and LT models.
General Motors Canada discontinued the importation of Optra for 2008.[12]
ChinaEdit
Main article: Buick Excelle
In China, the cars are marketed as the Buick Excelle sedan or wagon and Excelle HRV (hatchback). The sedan, which is also assembled in China, features an updated exterior.
The successor to the Daewoo Lacetti-based Buick Excelle is based on the global GM Delta II platform, like the Opel Astra and Chevrolet Cruze and their derivatives. The development center at the Opel plant in Rüsselsheim, Germany, leads the development of this platform. This second generation hatchback Buick Excelle XT, making its debut in 2009, is actually a replica of the Opel Astra hatchback adapted to Chinese conditions. The corresponding sedan (Excelle GT) made its debut in China in 2010. A version of this sedan for North America was introduced for model year 2012 as Buick Verano, and as Opel Astra sedan in other parts of the world.[citation needed] The Lacetti-based first generation (Excelle) sedan, however, continued to be produced for the Chinese market until 2016.[13]
EuropeEdit
Chevrolet Lacetti hatchback (Europe)
Chevrolet Nubira wagon (Sweden)
In Europe, the car was initially sold as the Daewoo Nubira, with the production model being introduced at the Frankfurt Motor Show in September 2003. However, by the end of 2004, it was rebadged Chevrolet Lacetti throughout the continent. As with its home market, in some European markets, the Lacetti name is also used for the entire range of sedan, station wagon and hatchback models on the same J-series platform. In Finland and Germany, for example, only the hatchback is sold under the Lacetti name.
The European models were initially only available with the following gasoline powered four-cylinder engines:
1.4 L E-TEC II—93 hp (69 kW) at 6300 rpm
1.6 L Family 1—109 hp (81 kW) at 5800 rpm, 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph): 10.9 seconds (4-door) and 10.6 seconds (5-door), top speed: 186 km/h (116 mph) (4-door manual) and 184 km/h (114 mph) (5-door manual)
1.8 L Family II—120 hp (89 kW) at 5800 rpm
2.0 L D-TEC—132 hp (98 kW) at 5800 rpm
2.0 L DOHC—121 bhp (90 kW), 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph): 9 seconds, top speed: 202 km/h (126 mph) (4-door manual)
A diesel-powered version was later added to the line-up with these specifications:
2.0-liter SOHC turbo diesel engine, under VM Motori licence of RA 420 SOHC (see List of VM Motori engines), 121 bhp (90 kW), 280 N⋅m (210 lb⋅ft) torque from 2000 rpm, 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) in 9 seconds, 200 km/h (120 mph) top speed. This engine is available with five-speed manual and five-speed automatic.[14]
In Europe, the sedan version was initially sold as the Daewoo Nubira. However, in late 2003, it was announced that Daewoo would be rebranded Chevrolet in some European markets. The Chevrolet Nubira went on sale in early 2004, initially only in Eastern Europe. When Daewoo was rebranded Chevrolet across Europe by the end of 2004, the Chevrolet Nubira was renamed Chevrolet Lacetti in some markets for the 2005 model year, which expanded the Lacetti line-up to include both the sedan and station wagon versions in addition to the five-door hatchback version, in line with Korea.
The engines built for the Nubira and its badge-engineered twins are the same as in the Lacetti hatchback and its badge-engineered versions. The 1.8-liter Family II four-cylinder engine is sourced from the Australian car maker Holden.
IndiaEdit
Chevrolet Optra Magnum (India)
In 2004, The Lacetti was launched in India and sold as the Optra and the sportsback version was sold as Optra S-RV (formerly known/sold as Chevrolet SRV), which the company planned to produce with a 2.0-liter diesel engine in the near future.
The Optra was sold with two engine options, 1.6- and 1.8-liter. The 1.6-liter petrol version was available in three trim levels, the Elite, the Elite LS, and the high-end LT Royale, while the 1.8-liter diesel version was available in two levels, the LT and the LT AT (automatic transmission). The 1.6-liter petrol produced 104 bhp (78 kW) and allowed a top speed of 177 km/h (110 mph), while the 1.8-liter diesel sibling was capable of producing 114 bhp (85 kW) and a limited top speed of 191 km/h (119 mph). However, the 1.8-liter automatic was capable of 176 km/h (109 mph).
In 2007 GM India introduced a facelifted diesel-engined Optra called the Optra Magnum. The Magnum sported the family nose, and better interiors as compared to the petrol version, also a new 2.0-liter TCDi engine capable of producing 121 bhp (90 kW). Subsequently the petrol version received the new nose treatment (as that of the Optra SRV, but with a slightly different front grill) and tail lights, and was sold as the Optra Magnum petrol.
The S-RV succumbed to competition from cheaper cars and was eventually discontinued in 2009. It had a 1.6-liter petrol engine with a maximum power output of 101 bhp (75 kW).
The Optra sedan continued selling in India until 2013.
PakistanEdit
In Pakistan, the car came in three trim levels, 1.6-liter SE and LS and the 1.8-liter CDX. SE trim models came with manual transmission only, whilst LS and CDX models came with five-speed manual or four-speed automatic transmissions. Sales however, were poorer than expected and all models were withdrawn from sale.
JapanEdit
In Japan, Suzuki briefly distributed the Lacetti as the Chevrolet Optra wagon. It was available in two trim levels, the LS and the LT. Both came with either a five-speed manual or 4-speed automatic transmission with a console shift. The Optra Wagon was powered by a 1.6 or 1.8-liter engine. For model years 2004 and 2005 the Lacetti sedan was also sold in Japan as the Chevrolet Optra LT. The Optra was limited in sales due to the exterior dimensions exceeding 1,700 millimetres (66.9 in), thereby causing Japanese owners to pay a yearly tax for a vehicle that exceeds Japanese dimension regulations.
MexicoEdit
In Mexico, the Lacetti came to the market in 2006 as Optra to replace the Chevrolet Astra, and it was sold only as a sedan. The Optra was phased out after the 2009 model year in favour of the Chevrolet Cruze, although for now, the Mexican Cruze is an imported model from South Korea.
ColombiaEdit
The Lacetti as a best seller was launched in Colombia, under the Chevrolet brand as Chevrolet Optra, in 2004 with the sedan version having the following engine options:
1.4 L GM Family I engine E-TEC II, 94 hp (70 kW) at 6300 rpm
1.8 L GM Family II engine D-TEC, 121 hp (90 kW) at 5800 rpm
In 2006 the hatchback version was introduced, with only the aforementioned 1.8-liter engine. By 2006, the 1.4-liter engine was replaced by the 1.6 L Family I E-TEC II, 109 hp (81 kW) at 5800 rpm. In addition, the design of wheels, and the grille were updated for all models offered.
The Vehicle was sold in LT and LTZ trims. LS trim wasn't available in the Colombian market.
In 2009, the saloon version received a facelift marketed as Chevrolet Optra Advance, with a sportier interior and front styling similar to that of the hatchback, it was sold with GM's 1.6 and 1.8 engines, with the 5 Speed Manual Transmission and 4 Speed Automatic Transmission. Assembly at the Bogotá GM plant (GM Colmotores) ceased in 2013 due to the modernization of GM Colmotores lineup.
Southeast AsiaEdit
In Singapore, the name "Chevrolet" has replaced the Daewoo nameplate after GM bought Daewoo. It still offers the same line-up as did GM Daewoo, naming the Optra sedan, Optra station wagon and Optra5 hatchback in Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines. In Indonesia, the sedan is simply called Optra or Optra Magnum for the facelift model, and Estate for the station wagon. The vehicles use the 1.6- or 1.8-liter engine with an automatic transmission option for selected models.
Suzuki marketed a rebadged Lacetti as the Forenza and Reno beginning in the United States in 2004—following the end of Daewoo's North American operations in 2002 and replacing the Daewoo Nubira station wagon and sedan. The Forenza/Reno falls between the Aerio (later SX4) and the now-discontinued Verona. In the territories of Guam and Northern Mariana Islands, it was sold as a Chevrolet Optra, but it was only available as a sedan.
The US model line features the 2.0-liter four-cylinder D-TEC made by General Motors, developing a maximum power of 132 hp (98 kW) at 5600 rpm.
The Forenza and the Reno were discontinued within the 2008 model year, the Reno being replaced by the Suzuki SX4 sedan after the 2008 model year and the Forenza by the Chevrolet Cruze.
IraqEdit
The Chevrolet Optra entered the Iraqi market in 2004 with the 1.6-liter engine; a few years later the LS term version was used as a traffic police patrol vehicle.
UzbekistanEdit
In Uzbekistan, the Lacetti has been produced by GM Uzbekistan since 2008, in a plant located in Asaka, and marketed as the Chevrolet Lacetti.[15] In 2013, the partner company Uz-Daewoo Avto began producing the facelifted sedan version as the new Daewoo Gentra. It is marketed throughout the CIS countries.[16] In 2015 the car was renamed the "Ravon Gentra."
RussiaEdit
Ravon Gentra
It was sold as the Chevrolet Lacetti and includes 5-door hatchback, sedan and station wagon models. The entire line of models were produced at the Avtotor plant in Kaliningrad with full cycle of manufacturing until 2012.
In 2014, UzDaewoo, GM's subdivision in Uzbekistan, started importing the Lacetti sedan as Daewoo Gentra. After license agreement between GM and Daewoo ended, UzDaewoo (now GM Uzbekistan) re-branded all of its lineup as Ravon, due to impossibility of using both Daewoo and Chevrolet names in Russia (Chevrolet withdrew from the Russian market in early 2015 due to the economic crisis).
The Russian models are available with the following gasoline-powered four-cylinder engines:
1.4 L: 95 hp; manual; not available for station wagon
1.6 L: 110 hp; automatic and manual (wagon is manual only)
Second generation (J300; 2008–2011)Edit
Main article: Chevrolet Cruze
The second-generation, built on the GM Delta II platform, is sold in most markets as the Chevrolet Cruze. In South Korea it was originally branded as the Daewoo Lacetti Premiere, until the Daewoo brand was replaced by Chevrolet in 2011.
For the Chinese successor of the Lacetti-based Buick Excelle, see Buick Excelle XT and Buick Excelle GT, which are twins of Opel Astra hatchback and sedan respectively.
Chinese versions also included the new SAIC-GM-Wuling joint venture called Baojun 630 manufactured in Liuzhou, Guangxi, China.[17] It was launched at the 2011 Shanghai Auto Show,[18] and went on sale in August 2011.[19]
The car has been used in the FIA's World Touring Car Championship from 2005 until 2012, and in the British Touring Car Championship from 2008 until 2011.
The Chevrolet Lacetti was chosen as the new "reasonably-priced car" for Top Gear's "Star in a Reasonably-Priced Car"[20] segment for series 8 in 2006, replacing the Suzuki Liana, which had ceased production. In this segment of the show, celebrity guests set timed laps of the Top Gear test track driving the Lacetti.
In the first episode of series 15 of Top Gear, broadcast on BBC2 on 27 June 2010, the Lacetti, that had been used for the power laps, was given a "Viking Burial" by presenter Richard Hammond. An industrial chimney was demolished, collapsing over and almost completely burying the car under rubble. Soon afterwards, the new reasonably priced car, a Kia Cee'd, was unveiled to viewers.
^ Newton, Bruce. "Daewoo looks for Lacetti boost". GoAuto. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
^ "Daewoo Lacetti 1.6 SX". Autocar. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
^ Newton, Bruce (13 November 2002). "First look: GM's first Daewoo". GoAuto. Retrieved 2015-10-14.
^ Mathioudakis, Bryon (15 September 2003). "Lacetti hatch delayed". GoAuto. Retrieved 2015-10-14.
^ Mathioudakis, Bryon (16 March 2004). "First look: New Lacetti wagon waits in the wings". GoAuto. Retrieved 2015-10-14.
^ "Daewoo Gentra". Wroom.ru. Retrieved 29 March 2017.
^ "Daewoo Lacetti - Used Car Research". GoAuto. Retrieved 2015-10-16.
^ a b "Daewoo Lacetti (J200 Lacetti)". GoAuto. Retrieved 2015-10-16.
^ Knowling, Michael (5 December 2003). "New Car Test - Daewoo Lacetti SX". AutoSpeed. Retrieved 2015-10-16.
^ "Limited Edition Release of Kalos and Lacetti". AutoWeb. 16 October 2003. Archived from the original on 10 October 2015. Retrieved 2015-10-16.
^ "New Car Comparison". drive.com.au. Retrieved 2008-06-14.
^ a b "Chevrolet » Used Vehicle Review: Chevrolet Optra, 2004–2007". CanadianDriver. 2008-08-21. Retrieved 2009-10-14.
^ "GM China Retires The Buick Excelle After 13 Years Of Stellar Sales".
^ "2010 Chevrolet Lacetti 2.0 D CDX Hatchback specs, photo & performance data (up to late-year 2010 for Europe )". Automobile-Catalog. Retrieved 2012-04-03.
^ "Описание – Lacetti". ЗАО "ДжиЭм Узбекистан". Archived from the original on 30 November 2013. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
^ "Uz-Daewoo Gentra – комплектации" [Uz-Daewoo Gentra – configuration] (in Russian). Za Rulem. 30 May 2013. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
^ "Giving Birth: GM Launches Chinese Baojun Brand, Unveils 630 Sedan". Motor Trend. 23 November 2010. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
^ "Baojun 630 Sedan to Make Its Global Motor Show Debut at Auto Shanghai 2011". General Motors. 18 April 2010. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
^ "GM Launches New Baojun Auto Brand in China". Motor Trend. 9 August 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
^ "Star in a Reasonably-Priced Car". bbc.co.uk. 2008-10-16. Retrieved 2010-10-09.
Media related to Daewoo Lacetti at Wikimedia Commons
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Emperor Qinzong
(Redirected from Emperor Qinzong of Song)
Emperor Qinzong of Song (23 May 1100 – 14 June 1161), personal name Zhao Huan, was the ninth emperor of the Song dynasty in China and the last emperor of The Northern Song Dynasty.
Emperor Qinzong of Song
宋欽宗
Emperor of the Song dynasty
19 January 1126 – 20 March 1127
Emperor Huizong
Emperor Gaozong
Zhao Huan
14 June 1161(1161-06-14) (aged 61)
Consorts
Empress Renhuai
(m. 1116; died 1127)
Zhao Jin
Zhao Xun
Princess Roujia
Era dates
Jingkang (靖康; 1126–1127)
Gongwen Shunde Renxiao Huangdi
(恭文順德仁孝皇帝)
Temple name
Qinzong (欽宗)
House of Zhao
Empress Xiangong
宋钦宗
Literal meaning
"Venerate Ancestor of the Song"
Sòng Qīnzōng
趙桓
Zhào Huán
Marquis Chonghun
重昏侯
Doubly Besotted Marquis
Chónghūn Hóu
This is a Chinese name; the family name is Zhao.
Emperor Qinzong was the eldest son and heir apparent of Emperor Huizong. His mother was Emperor Huizong's empress consort, Empress Wang. In 1126, when the forces of the Jurchen-led Jin Empire invaded the Song Empire beginning the first siege of Bianjing. Frightened, Emperor Huizong intended to flee but was convinced by his officials to abdicate first and then flee.[1] Huizong then abdicated and passed on his throne to Emperor Qinzong, and then assumed the title Taishang Huang ("Retired Emperor") himself and fled to the countryside.
ReignEdit
Left to deal with the Jin invasion by himself,[2] Emperor Qinzong appointed the general Li Gang (李綱) to lead the Song military to fend off the invaders. However, Emperor Qinzong was not a decisive leader and often made poor judgments. Eventually, he removed Li Gang from his appointment in the hope of starting peace talks with the Jin Empire and sent his younger brother Zhao Gou to negotiate but he was captured and ransomed. This may contribute to Emperor Gaozong's decision to not rescue Qinzong. The first siege of Bianjing ended after Qinzong gave a city to the Jurchens and paid them annual tribute. Emperor Huizong returned after hearing that the siege was over.
Causes of the Second Siege of BianjingEdit
Despite this, almost as soon as the Jin armies had left Kaifeng, Emperor Qinzong reneged on the deal and dispatched two armies to repel the Jurchen troops attacking Taiyuan and bolster the defenses of Zhongshan and Hejian. An army of 90,000 soldiers and another of 60,000 were defeated by Jin forces by June. A second expedition to rescue Taiyuan was also unsuccessful.[3] Emperor Qinzong rejected an proposal to reinforce the northern borders reasoning that they may never come back and sent his generals to other parts of the country. The Jin imperial court sent two ambassadors to Song. The two ambassadors were nobles from the former Liao dynasty. Emperor Qinzong misjudged the situation and believed that they could be used to turn against the Jin ruler, Emperor Taizong. Emperor Qinzong sent a coded letter which was sealed in candle wax, inviting them to join Song to form an Anti–Jin alliance but the ambassadors handed the letter to Emperor Taizong and in retaliation, accused Emperor Qinzong for violating the peace treaty and sent a even bigger army against the Song.
CaptureEdit
Further information: Jingkang Incident
Since Qinzong mistakenly removed the army to post in different parts of the country, the Jin forces eventually breached the walls of the Song capital, Bianjing, in 1127 and occupied the city in an event historically known as the Jingkang Incident ("Jingkang" was the era name of Emperor Qinzong.) Emperor Qinzong, along with his father Emperor Huizong and the rest of their family, were taken prisoner by Jin forces. This event also marked the end of the Northern Song. Qinzong's brother Zhao Gou managed to escape to southern China, where he reestablished the empire as the Southern Song dynasty and became historically known as Emperor Gaozong.
Life in the Jin DynastyEdit
Emperor Qinzong and his father were demoted to the status of commoners on 20 March 1127 and deported to Huining Prefecture, the Jin capital, on 13 May 1127. In 1128, the two former Song emperors were forced to wear mourning dresses and pay homage to the ancestors of the Jin Emperors at their ancestral temple in Huining Prefecture.[4][5] Furthermore, the Jurchen ruler, Emperor Taizong, gave the two former Song emperors contemptuous titles to humiliate them: Emperor Qinzong was called "Marquis Chonghun" (重昏侯; literally "Doubly Besotted Marquis") while Emperor Huizong was called "Duke Hunde" (昏德公; literally "Besotted Duke").[5]
In 1141, as the Jin Empire normalised relations with the (Southern) Song Empire, the Jurchens renamed Emperor Qinzong's title to the more neutral-sounding "Duke of Tianshui Commandery" (天水郡公), which is based on a commandery located in the upper reaches of the Wei River. A few months later, the former emperor started receiving a stipend due to his nobility status. He lived the rest of his life as a captive in the Jin Empire, which used him as a hostage to put pressure on the Song Empire.[5]
In 1142, Emperor Gaozong signed the Treaty of Shaoxing which made peace with the Jin Dynasty. This destroyed Qinzong's chance of returning.
In 1156, in an act of humiliation, the Jin Emperor who at the time was the Prince of Hailing ordered him and the former Emperor Tianzuo of Liao to compete in a match of polo. Emperor Qinzong was weak and frail, thus quickly fell off the horse. Emperor Tianzuo himself despite being very old, was more familiar to horse riding, tried to escape but was shot to death by Jurchen archers.
Emperor Qinzong died as a sick and broken man in 1161 having spent two-thirds of his life in the Jin Dynasty.[6] He was 61. His temple name means "Venerate Ancestor".
FamilyEdit
Zhao Ji, Huizong (徽宗 趙佶; 1082–1135)
Empress Xiangong, of the Wang clan (顯恭皇后 王氏; 1084–1108)
Consorts and Issue:
Empress Renhuai, of the Zhu clan (仁懷皇后 朱氏; 1102–1127)
Zhao Chen, Crown Prince (皇太子 趙諶; 1117–1128), first son
Princess Roujia (柔嘉公主; b. 1121)
Defei, of the Zhu clan (慎德妃 朱氏; 1110–1142)
Zhao Jin (趙謹; b. 1127), second son
A daughter (b. 1130)
Cairen, of the Zheng clan (才人 鄭氏), personal name Qingyun (慶雲)
Zhao Xun (趙訓; b. 1129), third son
Cairen, of the Di clan (才人 狄氏; b. 1114), personal name Yuhui (玉輝)
Chinese emperors family tree (middle)
List of emperors of the Song dynasty
Architecture of the Song dynasty
Culture of the Song dynasty
Economy of the Song dynasty
History of the Song dynasty
Society of the Song dynasty
Technology of the Song dynasty
Jin–Song Wars
^ Levine 2009, p. 636.
^ Mote 1999, p. 196.
^ Lorge 2005, p. 53.
^ Tao 1976, p. 32.
^ a b c Franke & Twitchett 1994, pp. 233-234.
Franke, Herbert; Twitchett, Denis (1994). Denis C. Twitchett; Herbert Franke; John K. Fairbank (eds.). The Cambridge History of China: Volume 6, Alien Regimes and Border States, 710–1368. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-24331-5.
Levine, Ari Daniel (2009). "The Reigns of Hui-tsung (1100–1126) and Ch'in-tsung (1126–1127) and the Fall of the Northern Sung". In Paul Jakov Smith; Denis C. Twitchett (eds.). The Cambridge History of China: Volume 5, The Sung dynasty and Its Precursors, 907–1279. Cambridge University Press. pp. 556–643. ISBN 978-0-521-81248-1.
Lorge, Peter (2005). War, Politics and Society in Early Modern China, 900–1795. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-203-96929-8.
Mote, Frederick W. (1999). Imperial China: 900–1800. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-44515-5. (hardcover); ISBN 978-0-674-01212-7
Tao, Jing-Shen (1976). The Jurchen in Twelfth-Century China: A Study of Sinicization. University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0295955148.
Born: May 23 1100 Died: June 14 1161
Regnal titles
Emperor Huizong Emperor of the Song Dynasty
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Senate (France)
(Redirected from French Senate)
Not to be confused with the Sénat conservateur of the French Consulate and First French Empire.
Coordinates: 48°50′54″N 2°20′14.2″E / 48.84833°N 2.337278°E / 48.84833; 2.337278
The Senate (French: Sénat; pronunciation: [seˈna]) is the upper house of the French Parliament. Indirectly elected by elected officials, it represents territorial collectivities of the Republic and French citizens living abroad. The Senate enjoys less prominence than the lower house, the directly elected National Assembly; debates in the Senate tend to be less tense and generally receive less media coverage.
Upper house
of the French Parliament
Gérard Larcher, LR
since 1 October 2014
Valérie Létard, UDI
CRCE (15)
SOC (78)
RDSE (21)
LREM (21)
LIRT (11)
UC (50)
LR (146)
RASNAG (6)
Indirect election
Last election
Next election
Luxembourg Palace, Paris
senat.fr
The Senate is housed inside the Luxembourg Palace in the 6th arrondissement of Paris. It is guarded by Republican Guards. In front of the building lies the Senate's garden, the Jardin du Luxembourg, open to the public.
France's first experience with an upper house was under the Directory from 1795 to 1799, when the Council of Ancients was the upper chamber. There were Senates in both the First and Second Empires (the former being known as the Sénat conservateur, the latter as the French Senate), but these were only nominally legislative bodies – technically they were not legislative, but rather advisory bodies on the model of the Roman Senate.
With the Restoration in 1814, a new Chamber of Peers was created, on the model of the British House of Lords. At first it contained hereditary peers, but following the July Revolution of 1830, it became a body whose members were appointed for life. The Second Republic returned to a unicameral system after 1848, but soon after the establishment of the Second French Empire in 1852, a Senate was established as the upper chamber. In the Fourth Republic, the Senate was replaced by the Council of the Republic, but its function was largely the same. With the new Constitution of the Fifth Republic which came into force on 4 October 1958, the older name of Senate was restored.
In 2011, the Socialist Party won control of the Senate for the first time since the foundation of the Fifth Republic.[1] In 2014, the centre-right Gaullists and its allies won back the control of the Senate; they retained their majority in 2017.
PowersEdit
Under the Constitution of France, the Senate has nearly the same powers as the National Assembly. Bills may be submitted by the administration (projets de loi) or by either house of Parliament (propositions de loi). Because both houses may amend the bill, it may take several readings to reach an agreement between the National Assembly and the Senate. When the Senate and the National Assembly cannot agree on a bill, the administration can decide, after a procedure called commission mixte paritaire, to give the final decision to the National Assembly, whose majority is normally on the government's side, but as regarding the constitutional laws the administration must have the Senate's agreement. This does not happen frequently; usually the two houses eventually agree on the bill, or the administration decides to withdraw it. This power however gives the National Assembly a prominent role in the law-making process, especially since the administration is necessarily of the same side as the Assembly, for the Assembly can dismiss the administration through a motion of censure.
The power to pass a vote of censure, or vote of no confidence, is limited. As was the case in the Fourth Republic's constitution, new cabinets do not have to receive a vote of confidence. Also, a vote of censure can occur only after 10 percent of the members sign a petition; if rejected, those members that signed cannot sign another petition until that session of Parliament has ended. If the petition gets the required support, a vote of censure must gain an absolute majority of all members, not just those voting. If the Assembly and the Senate have politically distinct majorities, the Assembly will in most cases prevail, and open conflict between the two houses is uncommon.
The Senate is also the representative of the territories and often defends the regions and mayors, see the article 24 of the Constitution.
The Senate also serves to monitor the administration's actions by publishing many reports each year on various topics.
CompositionEdit
The Luxembourg Palace in Paris, where the Senate meets
Until September 2004, the Senate had had 321 members, each elected to serve for a nine-year term. In that month, the term was reduced to six years, while – to reflect a growth in the country's population – the number of senators was set to increase progressively, to reach 348 by 2011.[2] Senators had been elected in thirds every three years; this was also changed to one half of their number every three years.[3]
PresidentEdit
Further information: List of Presidents of the Senate of France
Gérard Larcher has been President of the Senate since 2014
Office of the President of the Senate
The President of the Senate is elected by Senators from among their members. The current incumbent is Gérard Larcher. The President of the Senate is, under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic, first in the line of succession—in case of death, resignation or removal from office (only for health reasons)—to the presidency of the French Republic, becoming Acting President of the Republic until a new election can be held. This happened twice for Alain Poher—once at the resignation of Charles de Gaulle and once at the death of Georges Pompidou.
The President of the Senate also has the right to designate three of the nine members of the Constitutional Council, serving for nine years.
ElectionEdit
Senators are elected indirectly by approximately 150,000 officials ("grands électeurs"), including regional councillors, department councillors, mayors, municipal councillors in large communes, as well as members of the National Assembly. However, 90% of the electors are delegates appointed by councillors. This system introduces a bias in the composition of the Senate favoring rural areas. As a consequence, while the political majority changes frequently in the National Assembly, the Senate has remained politically right, with one brief exception, since the foundation of the Fifth Republic, much to the displeasure of the Socialists.[4]
This has spurred controversy, especially after the 2008 election[5] in which the Socialist Party, despite controlling all but two of France's regions, a majority of departments, as well as communes representing more than 50 % of the population, still failed to achieve a majority in the Senate. The Senate has also been accused of being a "refuge" for politicians that have lost their seats in the National Assembly. The left, led by the Socialist Party, gained control of the Senate for the first time since 1958 during the 2011 election, leading to the election of Jean-Pierre Bel at its presidency. This proved a short-lived win, as the right, led by the Union for a Popular Movement, regained the Senate three years later.
Parliamentary groupsEdit
Composition of the Senate as of 23 January 2018[6]
Parliamentary group
LR The Republicans 128 7 11 146 Bruno Retailleau
SOC Socialist and Republican 77 1 0 78 Patrick Kanner
UC Centrist Union 43 6 1 50 Hervé Marseille
LREM La République En Marche 19 1 1 21 François Patriat
RDSE European Democratic and Social Rally 19 0 2 21 Jean-Claude Requier
CRCE Communist, Republican, Citizen and Ecologist 12 0 3 15 Éliane Assassi
LIRT The Independents – Republic and Territories 10 1 0 11 Claude Malhuret
RASNAG Administrative meeting of senators not appearing on the list of any group 6 – – 6 Philippe Adnot (delegate)
As an indirectly elected house, the Senate is often criticised by political parties such as La France Insoumise and the National Rally as not being representative enough.[7] The Republicans and the Socialist Party tend to want to reform the Senate in order to make it more effective without questioning its existence.
Congress of the French Parliament
List of Presidents of the Senate of France
List of senators of France by department
Leader of the Opposition in the French Senate
Politics of France
Senators for life in France
Notes and referencesEdit
^ Bremer, Catherine (25 September 2011). "French left seizes Senate majority, hurts Sarkozy". Reuters.
^ http://www.senat.fr/lng/en/index.html
^ "Les groupes politiques". Senat.fr. 13 January 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
^ Gilles Le Béguec, Les socialistes et le Sénat, Parlement[s], Revue d'histoire politique, n° 6 2006/2, pp. 57–72, L'Harmattan, ISSN 1768-6520 (print) ISSN 1760-6233 (online).
^ "Sénat, le triomphe de l'anomalie – Libération". Libération. France. 25 September 2008. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
^ "Liste des sénateurs par groupes politiques". Sénat. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
^ Présidentielle : faut-il supprimer le Sénat? (in French).
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Senate of France.
French Senate at Google Cultural Institute
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Senate_(France)&oldid=904427707"
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Rise of the Cybermen
"Rise of the Cybermen" is the fifth episode of the second series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who, which was first broadcast on BBC One on 13 May 2006. The episode introduces a non-extraterrestrial reinvention of the Cybermen, as well as a parallel universe which would serve as a recurring plot element in the series. It is the first part of a two-part story, the concluding part being "The Age of Steel", broadcast on 20 May.
172a – "Rise of the Cybermen"
Doctor Who episode
The Cybermen are back, and advancing on the Doctor.
David Tennant (Tenth Doctor)
Billie Piper (Rose Tyler)
Noel Clarke (Mickey Smith)
Camille Coduri – Jackie Tyler
Shaun Dingwall – Pete Tyler
Roger Lloyd-Pack – John Lumic
Andrew Hayden-Smith – Jake Simmonds
Don Warrington – The President
Colin Spaull – Mr Crane
Mona Hammond – Rita-Anne
Helen Griffin – Mrs Moore
Paul Antony-Barber – Dr Kendrick
Adam Shaw – Morris
Andrew Ufondo – Soldier
Duncan Duff – Newsreader
Paul Kasey – Cyber-Leader
Nicholas Briggs – Cybermen (Voice)
Tom MacRae
Helen Raynor
Phil Collinson
Incidental music composer
Murray Gold
Production code
1st of 2-part story, 45 minutes
First broadcast
13 May 2006 (2006-05-13)
← Preceded by
"The Girl in the Fireplace" Followed by →
"The Age of Steel"
Doctor Who episodes (2005–present)
The episode is set in the parallel universe's version of London. In the episode, the businessman John Lumic (Roger Lloyd-Pack) seeks to "upgrade" all of humanity into Cybermen by placing their brains inside metal exoskeletons.
The episode was directed by Graeme Harper, who became the first and so far only person in the show's history to have directed episodes in both the original and revived runs of the series: he previously directed the acclaimed serial The Caves of Androzani in 1984,[1] and Revelation of the Daleks in 1985.
The TARDIS lands by mistake in London on a parallel Earth. The trip has caused all of the TARDIS apart from a small power cell to die. The Tenth Doctor energises the cell with some of his own lifeforce. The cell needs 24 hours to fully recharge before the Doctor, Rose and Mickey can return home. Rose is shocked to see a billboard with her father Pete's picture on it. Mickey decides to head off on his own and try to find his grandmother, who died in his universe. The Doctor and Rose discover that most of the population of London wear EarPod devices that feed information directly into the wearer's brain from Cybus Industries, which owns Pete’s company Vitex.
Meanwhile, the head of Cybus Industries, John Lumic, tries and fails to gain approval from the President of Great Britain for his plan to upgrade humanity by placing their brains into metal exoskeletons. Unknown to everyone else, Lumic has already been secretly turning homeless people into cyborgs. Cybus is being investigated by a group called the Preachers, who have been receiving secret information about Lumic's technology. Jake Simmonds, one of the Preachers, witnesses a group of homeless people being taken to be converted and goes to collect help. Jake finds Mickey at his grandmother's house, and confuses him with his parallel counterpart Ricky. Jake takes Mickey to the Preachers’ base where Ricky and Mickey meet. After some initial distrust, Mickey decides to join the Preachers as they follow the Cybus vans that kidnapped the homeless to Pete's wife Jackie's birthday party.
Rose and the Doctor also investigate the party and don servant garb to disguise themselves. Suddenly the party is interrupted by the Cybermen, who smash into the house and surround the guests. Lumic calls the President, who is in attendance, telling him that he is moving forward with his plans and that all of humanity will be upgraded. Lumic tells everyone that upgrading is compulsory. A Cyberman kills the President for refusing to comply. The partygoers panic, try to flee and the Cybermen begin killing them. The Doctor, Rose, and Pete escape the house and encounter Mickey and the Preachers outside. As the group is surrounded by Cybermen, the Doctor tells everyone to surrender and tells the Cybermen that they are volunteering for the upgrade. The Cybermen tell them that they are incompatible and will be deleted.
Doctor Who Magazine #368 confirmed that this story was inspired by the Big Finish Productions audio play Spare Parts. Russell T Davies had previously described (along with The Holy Terror) as "some of the finest drama ever written for any genre, in any medium, anywhere." Spare Parts author, Marc Platt, received a fee and was credited in the end titles ("With thanks to Marc Platt"), and there is a nod in the dialogue with Mickey labelling himself a "spare part." However, writer Tom MacRae noted that his television story was not a simple rewrite of Spare Parts: "My story isn't the same — it's got a different setting, different themes, and different characters, 'cause once we started talking, the whole thing developed in a very different direction. But as Russell says, we wouldn't have started this whole line of thinking if he hadn't heard Spare Parts in the first place."
Early drafts of this story featured "Body Shops", where wealthy people would purchase new cybernetic limbs. Davies vetoed this element because he found it unbelievable. He also instructed Tom MacRae to tone down the differences between the parallel universe versions of characters and their "real" universe counterparts. "I think it was one of those great lessons about the freedom of SF, as well as its greatest dangers, because when you're creating a parallel world, you suddenly get excited by saying everyone can wear eye patches," said Davies, referring to the alternative Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart in Inferno.[2] According to Graeme Harper on the episode commentary, the pre-credits sequence was written by Russell T Davies as he was not satisfied with the original opening. In the commentary, it is noted that Jackie's "40th" birthday is a reference to the 40th anniversary of the broadcast of "The Tenth Planet," the first appearance of the Cybermen.
Location shooting took place at the Coal Exchange and Mount Stuart Square, Cardiff Bay.[3] The external shots of the chimneys and many of the internal shots were taken at Uskmouth Power Station in Newport. Mickey sports a large tattoo on his right biceps; according to actor Noel Clarke's commentary, the tattoo was make-up applied for the episode.
The redesigned Cybermen
The Art Deco look of the 2006 Cybermen design follows that from the web cast Real Time. According to the episode commentary, director Graeme Harper wanted an Art Deco feel to the parallel universe Earth. Art Deco costumes had previously been used for the K1 Robot in Robot (1974) and for much of the cast (including robots) in The Robots of Death (1977). The Art Deco design, as well as the robotic movements of the Cybermen, are reminiscent of Fritz Lang's Metropolis.
Unlike the two-part stories from the 2005 series, this episode featured no "Next time" trailer for the next episode — only a title card reading "To be continued...", the first time the phrase has ever been used to end an episode in the programme's history. The production team had stated previously that one episode in this series was so long that there was no time for a preview. Many viewers, and writer Steven Moffat,[4] had criticised the use of a preview for "World War Three" at the end of the 2005 episode "Aliens of London" as it spoiled the dramatic cliffhanger ending. Beginning with "The Impossible Planet", trailers for the second part of stories were run during the middle eight, after the main credits, to allow viewers time to switch off.
Official BBC websites include http://www.cybusindustries.net, http://www.cybusfitness.co.uk/ and https://web.archive.org/web/20060701044747/http://internationalelectromatics.co.uk/. Other similarly named websites are run by fans. The BBC also registered the following domain names: cybusindustries.com,[5] cybusindustries.co.uk,[6] cybusfinance.com,[7] cybusfinance.co.uk,[8] cybusproperty.com[9] and cybusproperty.co.uk.[10] Another website created by BBC is https://web.archive.org/web/20090414221407/http://www.henriksonline.co.uk/index.htm for the department store Rose had worked at in the episode "Rose". Its book store includes the images of both John Lumic's book "Man of Steel" and Jackie Tyler's biography "The Strong Survive".
Cast notesEdit
Colin Spaull played the role of Lilt in Revelation of the Daleks, which was also directed by Graeme Harper. Spaull is the sixth actor to appear in both the original series and the revival. He also appeared in the audio play Grand Theft Cosmos as Henrik. Don Warrington, who plays the President, previously provided the voice for Time Lord founder Rassilon in the Doctor Who audio plays Seasons of Fear, Neverland, and Zagreus produced by Big Finish Productions. Helen Griffin later appeared in the audio play Cobwebs. Paul Antony-Barber later played Ludovic Comfort in the audio play The Magic Mousetrap.
Graeme Harper is the first director to have directed stories in the original and new series of Doctor Who, having previously directed The Caves of Androzani and Revelation of the Daleks. As seen in Doctor Who Confidential episode "Cybermen", the actors playing the Cybermen went through extensive choreographing to perfect their movements.
Roger Lloyd-Pack and David Tennant previously worked together in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, playing father and son, Barty Crouch Sr. and Barty Crouch Jr. respectively.
According to The Sun, Roger Lloyd-Pack broke his leg just days before filming began on the episode, requiring the scripts being rewritten to place his character, John Lumic, in a wheelchair.[11] Writer Tom MacRae told Doctor Who Magazine in issue #369 that no rewrites were necessary: the script had always had Lumic in a wheelchair as this became part of his motivation for creating the Cybermen given that he was in a wheelchair and dying and wanted to prolong his life. Roger Lloyd-Pack told The Daily Mirror that he based the character of Lumic on Donald Rumsfeld: "I thought, 'Who is a power-hungry mad person who believes he is completely right and has a lot of control?' Donald Rumsfeld came to mind. He's as bad a man as I see around now."[12]
Broadcast and receptionEdit
Although scheduled to be broadcast in the UK from 7:00 to 7:45 p.m., the episode was broadcast from 7:23 p.m.[citation needed] due to the overrunning of the FA Cup Final. The corresponding episode of Doctor Who Confidential was subsequently delayed until "Rise of the Cybermen" had aired. Overnight viewing figures for this episode averaged 8.6 million (39.7% share), peaking at 9.65 million. The audience Appreciation Index was 86.[13] Its final viewing figure was 9.22 million, making it the sixth most watched programme of the week.[citation needed]
This episode was released together with "The Age of Steel" and "The Idiot's Lantern" as a "vanilla" DVD with no special features, and later as part of the complete Series 2 boxed set.
Digital Spy's Dek Hogan reacted positively to "Rise of the Cybermen", describing the new Cybermen as "stunning, not only looking fantastic but being genuinely scary at the same time". He particularly praised how the storyline "ties in with our obsession with upgrading everything" and that Noel Clarke was given more to do.[14] Ahsan Haque of IGN gave the episode a rating of 8.5 out of 10, feeling that it "delivers both in scope and with some great dialogue". Haque was especially positive to the return of the Cybermen and the focus on Mickey and Rose.[15] Nick Setchfield of SFX gave the two-parter a positive review, highlighting Harper's direction which he felt added imagination and menace to the Cybermen and the parallel universe. However, he felt that Lloyd-Pack's performance was too over-the-top for the current "subtler" incarnation of Doctor Who, which made him come across as "jarringly two-dimensional".[16]
^ Cameron, Kirsty (16 September 2009). "Doctor Who Top 10: fans vote for all-time best episode". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 24 January 2013.
^ Nazzaro, Joe (10 May 2006). "Who's Cybermen Lighten Up". Sci Fi Wire. Retrieved 11 May 2006.
^ "Walesarts, Coal Exchange and Mount Stuart Square, Cardiff Bay". BBC. Retrieved 30 May 2010.
^ Steven Moffat, "The Empty Child", Doctor Who Series 1, DVD audio commentary
^ "Cybusindustries.com Whois Lookup - Who.is - Who.is". who.is.
^ "Cybusindustries.co.uk Whois Lookup - Who.is - Who.is". who.is.
^ "Cybusfinance.com Whois Lookup - Who.is - Who.is". who.is.
^ "Cybusfinance.co.uk Whois Lookup - Who.is - Who.is". who.is.
^ "Cybusproperty.com Whois Lookup - Who.is - Who.is". who.is.
^ "Cybusproperty.co.uk Whois Lookup - Who.is - Who.is". who.is.
^ "The Sun Online: Trigger's Dr Who part revised after leg break". London. Retrieved 7 April 2007. [dead link]
^ Robertson, Cameron (4 May 2006). "All the President's Cybermen". The Daily Mirror. Archived from the original on 13 June 2006. Retrieved 5 May 2006.
^ "none", Doctor Who Magazine: Series Two Companion (14 - Special Edition), 9 November 2006
^ Hogan, Dek (14 May 2012). "Laugh? I nearly paid my license fee". Digital Spy. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
^ Haque, Ahsan (30 October 2006). "Doctor Who: "Rise of the Cybermen" Review". IGN. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
^ Setchfield, Nick (22 May 2006). "Doctor Who 2.5 and 2.6 Rise of the Cybermen/The Age of Steel". SFX. Archived from the original on 27 August 2006. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Tenth Doctor
Rise of the Cybermen on Tardis Data Core, an external wiki
TARDISODE 5
"Cybermen" - episode trailer
Episode commentary by Graeme Harper, Neill Gorton and Rob Mayor (MP3)
"Rise of the Cybermen" episode homepage
"Rise of the Cybermen" at the BBC Doctor Who homepage
"Rise of the Cybermen". Outpost Gallifrey. Archived from the original on 10 December 2007.
"Rise of the Cybermen" at TV.com
"Rise of the Cybermen" on IMDb
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rise_of_the_Cybermen&oldid=894805399"
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S.C. Beira-Mar
This article may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling. You can assist by editing it. (March 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
"Beira-Mar" redirects here. For other uses, see Beira-Mar (disambiguation).
Sport Clube Beira-Mar (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈspɔɾ ˈklub(ɨ) ˈbɐjɾɐ ˈmaɾ]) is a Portuguese sports club based in Aveiro, Portugal. Its football team currently plays in the Aveiro FA First Division, holding home games at Estádio Mário Duarte.
Sport Clube Beira-Mar
Auri-negros (Gold-and-Blacks)
Estádio Mário Duarte
Hugo Coelho
Cajó
Aveiro FA First Division
Aveiro FA First Division, 1st
Home colours
Away colours
Third colours
Eusébio, António Veloso and António Sousa rank among the most famous Portuguese players to have represented the club. All having been capped for the Portugal national team regularly and played for the biggest clubs in the country, the former two with Benfica and the latter with both Porto and Sporting CP. After becoming a manager, Sousa also coached the team on two separate spells guiding the club to its greatest accomplishment so far, winning the 1999 Taça de Portugal. Beira-Mar is an eclectic sports club featuring also, futsal, basketball, boxing, judo, handball, billiards, athletics and paintball departments.
Eusébio, one of the world's greatest footballers, played for Beira-Mar in the 1976–77 season.
Find sources: "S.C. Beira-Mar" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Beira-Mar was founded on 1 January 1922, and first reached the first division 39 years later, only lasting one single season. Until 1980, it would make a few further appearances in the top flight, the longest spell being from 1971 to 1974. In the 1976–77 campaign, former S.L. Benfica and Portugal legend Eusébio signed up to play for the side with the provision of not being included in the squad in any matches against S.L. Benfica, nevertheless, being near the end of his career, injuries prevented him from being fielded regularly and the campaign ended in relegation.
Returning again to the top flight in 1988, Beira-Mar spent most of the following years in the top division. In 1999, eight years after being runners-up, the club again reached the final and won the Taça de Portugal, against S.C. Campomaiorense – Sporting CP, Benfica and FC Porto and all been eliminated before the round of 16. The team won the match 1–0 thanks to a goal from Ricardo Sousa, son of coach António Sousa, who played for the club during the 1970s. The team would be relegated at season's end.
As the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup was discontinued in 1999, Beira-Mar participated in the 1999–2000 UEFA Cup, losing 1–2 on aggregate to Dutch club Vitesse. In the domestic league, the club finished in second position in the second division and immediately returned to the top flight. On 23 February 2002, Beira-Mar achieved a 3–2 away win against Porto, then managed by a young José Mourinho; it would be his last home defeat for the following decade.[1]
The return of Mário Jardel to Portugal to play for Beira-Mar was one of the biggest news in Portugal football in the summer of 2006, as the 33-year-old and former European Golden Shoe winner signed a one-year contract. The Brazilian scored in his official debut, a 2–2 home draw against Desportivo das Aves, but gradually lost his importance in the team, leaving in the following transfer window to a club in Cyprus. Beira-Mar would eventually be relegated in a campaign which also included the sacking of manager Carlos Carvalhal and his replacement with Spaniard Francisco Soler, after the team signed a cooperation deal with Inverfutbol, a Spanish-based sporting company.[2]
Beira-Mar returned to the first division in 2010 after a three-year absence, having finished the season as champions. In 2013, they were relegated to the second division for finishing bottom in 16th place. While in the second national Liga, SC Beira Mar were demoted in 2015 to the second lowest bottom league of the Aveiro district (Associação de Futebol de Aveiro) in the fifth level overall, despite finishing tenth due to financial difficulties and debt, making the club ineligible to participate in national competitions. [3]
Current squadEdit
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
GK Nuno Lopes
DF Bruno Quintino
DF Nuno Cruz
DF Bruno Lopes
DF Hernâni Tomás
MF Miguel Mortágua
MF João Paulo
FW Manuel Lopes
FW Pirata
MF Jorge Silva
DF Diogo Aidos
GK Samuel Biscaia
FW Óscar Lopes
MF Ricardo Castro
MF Alex Silva
DF Pedro Moreira
MF João Dias
DF Diogo Catraio
MF Tiago Ramalho
FW Magno Fonseca
GK Diogo Melo
MF Miguel Pangaio
FW Cílio Souza
FW Diogo Zamorano
DF Mané Vieira
FW Bruno Ribeiro
MF Alexis Martins
League and cup historyEdit
1961–62 1D 11 26 8 5 13 43 61 21
1972–73 1D 12 30 5 13 12 27 57 23
1978–79 1D 12 30 11 2 17 44 56 24
1988–89 1D 15 38 10 13 15 29 36 33
1990–91 1D 6 38 12 12 14 40 49 36
1999–00 2D 2 34 18 11 5 54 30 65 UC 1st round Promoted
2000–01 1D 8 34 14 7 13 45 49 49
2004–05 1D 18 34 6 12 16 30 56 30 Relegated
2005–06 2D 1 34 18 14 2 45 18 68 Last 128 Promoted
2006–07 1D 18 30 4 11 15 28 55 23 4th round Relegated
2007–08 2D 6 30 10 12 8 30 32 42 6th round
2008–09 2D 12 30 8 11 11 32 32 35 4th round
2009–10 2D 1 30 16 6 8 44 30 54 4th round Promoted
2011–12 1D 12 30 8 5 17 26 38 29 3rd round
2012–13 1D 16 30 5 8 17 35 55 23 5th round Relegated
2013–14 2D 12 42 14 12 16 45 48 54 5th round
2014–15 2D 10 46 16 15 15 55 48 63 3rd round Demoted
European recordEdit
By qualifying to play in the 1999 edition of UEFA Cup, Beira-Mar became the second team from a second division to appear in the competition, after Bray Wanderers from the Republic of Ireland in 1990.
1999–2000 UEFA Cup 1R
Vitesse 1–2 0–0 1–2
NationalEdit
Winners (1): 1998–99
Winners (2): 2005–06, 2009–10
Winners (3): 1960–61, 1964–65, 1970–71
Taça Ribeiro dos Reis
AF Aveiro Championship
AF Aveiro First Division
AF Aveiro Cup
StadiumEdit
Main article: Estádio Mário Duarte
Beira-Mar plays home games at Estádio Mário Duarte, which has a 12,000-seat capacity. This is the city-center stadium that the team need to recover their support.[citation needed]
Notable playersEdit
Note: this list includes players that have played at least 100 league games and/or have reached international status.
Eugene Galeković
Mário Jardel
Fernando Aguiar
Pavel Srníček
Magdi Abdelghani
Javier Balboa
Nazmi Faiz
Mourtala Diakité
Andrija Delibašić
Antolín Alcaraz
António Sousa
António Veloso
Fary Faye
Marián Zeman
Jan Lechaba
Tobias Grahn
Andy Marriott
See also: Category:S.C. Beira-Mar players
Former managersEdit
Fernando Vaz (1975–76)
Fernando Cabrita (1977–79)
Mário Lino (1986–87)
Jean Thissen (1987–90)
Zoran Filipović (1993–94)
Rodolfo Reis (1994–95)
Acácio (1995)
António Sousa (1997 – 2004)
Mick Wadsworth (July 2004 – Sept 04)
Manuel Cajuda (Sept 2004 – Dec 04)
Augusto Inácio (April 2005 – Nov 06)
Carlos Carvalhal (Nov 2006 – Jan 07)
Francisco Soler (Jan 2007 – May 7)
Rogério Gonçalves (May 2007 – Feb 08)
Paulo Sérgio (Feb 2008 – May 8)
António Sousa (June 2008 – Nov 08)
Leonardo Jardim (May 2009 – Feb 11)
Rui Bento (March 2011 – Feb 12)
Ulisses Morais (Feb 2012 – Feb 13)
Costinha (Feb 2013 – May 13)
Jorge Neves (May 2013 – January 14)
^ Jose Mourinho's unbeaten home run ends; BBC Sport, 2 April 2011
^ Beira-Mar: Carvalhal despedido para dar lugar a Paco Soler (Beira-Mar: Carvalhal sacked to make way for Paco Soler); Portal d'Aveiro, 9 January 2007 ‹See Tfd›(in Portuguese)
^ "Atlético convidado a substituir o Beira-Mar" [Atlético invited to replace Beira-Mar]. ojogo.pt (in Portuguese). 29 June 2015. Archived from the original on 1 July 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sport Clube Beira-Mar.
Official website ‹See Tfd›(in Portuguese)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S.C._Beira-Mar&oldid=897698727"
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Saïd Aouita
Saïd Aouita (Arabic: سعيد عويطة; born November 2, 1959) is a former Moroccan track and field athlete. He won the 5000 meters at the 1984 Summer Olympics and the 1987 World Championships in Athletics, as well as the 3000 meters at the 1989 IAAF World Indoor Championships.[2] He is a former world record holder over 1500 metres (3:29.46), 2000 m (4:50.80), 3000 m (7:29.45), and twice at 5000 m (13:00.40 and 12:58.39). Aouita was one of the first globally known Arab sportspeople. He lives in Orlando, Florida.
Said Aouita
سعيد عويطة
Aouita at the 1987 World Championships
(1959-11-02) 2 November 1959 (age 59)
Kenitra, Morocco
1500 meters, 3000 meters, 5000 meters
Achievements and titles
Personal best(s)
800m: 1:43.86[1]
1500m: 3:29.46[1]
Mile: 3:46.76[1]
2-mile: 8:13.45[1]
5000m: 12:58.39[1]
10,000m: 27:26.11[1]
Representing Morocco
1984 Los Angeles 5000 m
1988 Seoul 800 m
1987 Rome 5000 m
1983 Helsinki 1500 m
IAAF World Indoor Championships
1989 Budapest 3000 m
1983 Casablanca 800 m
1983 Casablanca 1500 m
1987 Latakia 1500 m
1987 Latakia 3000 m s'chase
Saïd Aouita was born on November 2, 1959 in Kenitra, a coastal Moroccan city. Nine years later, he moved along with his family to Fes due to the nature of his father's work. As a child he spent most of his time playing football and wanted to be a great footballer; however, his outstanding skills in running made his coaches foresee a great future in track and field.
Running careerEdit
Aouita had his first start towards stardom at the 1983 World Championships in Athletics held in Helsinki. He contested the 1500 m and finished third in the final, taking the bronze medal, after the pace slowed in the last 1000 meters and then finished with a sprint.
In 1984, Aouita decided to run the 5000 m at the 1984 Summer Olympics. Antonio Leitão from Portugal ran in first for the majority of the race. Aouita stayed behind Leitão and then sprinted past him on the last lap to win.
1985 was a record-breaking year for Aouita. He ran two world records: first in 5000 m (13:00.40) in Oslo on the 27 July, then in 1500 m (3:29.46) on the 23 August.
In 1986 he missed setting the world record in the 3000 m by 0.44 of a second.[3]
In 1987, Aouita's main objective was to excel in the world championship held in Rome and break records. First, he broke the 2000 m world record with a time of 4:50.81 in Paris and only six days later, he surprised the world by breaking his own world record for 5000 m, becoming the first man to go under 13 minutes, with a time of 12:58.39 minutes. For the 1987 World Championships in Athletics, Aouita decided just to contest the 5000 m. In the 5000 m final, John Ngugi from Kenya set a fair pace, but by no means fast. Aouita, always in control of the race, made his move just before the bell, leading a mass sprint for the finish that he won in 13:26.44.
In 1988, at the 1988 Summer Olympics, he attempted to race in the 800 m and 1500 m but had a hamstring injury which made him finish third in 800 m and withdraw from the 1500 m although he had qualified for the semi-final. In spite of that his bronze medal made him the only athlete in history to combine medals at both 800 m and 5000 m.
In 1989, Aouita won the 3000 m at the 1989 IAAF World Indoor Championships in Budapest. Later that year, he broke the world record for the same distance in Köln, Germany with the time of 7:29.45 and thus, he was the first man in history to go under 7:30:00.
Aouita was a versatile middle and long distance runner, excelling at distances between 800 m and 10,000 m during the eighties. He raced and won against the Olympic champions Joaquim Cruz (800 m), Peter Rono (1500 m), John Ngugi (5000 m) and Alberto Cova (10000 m) over their respective main distances. Between September 1983 and September 1990 he won 115 of his 119 races. The defeats were against world champion Steve Cram over 1500 m, Olympic bronze medalist Alessandro Lambruschini over 3000 m steeplechase, Olympic champions Joaquim Cruz and Paul Ereng over 800 m and world champion Yobes Ondieki over 5000 m.
In the early nineties, Aouita underwent surgery on his leg, after which his doctors advised him to put an end to his career as an athlete for his health. After a set of failures in a number of races he decided to quit athletics.
Said Aouita married Khadija Skhir in 1983, one year before the 1984 Olympic Games. Khadija Skhir is Said Aouita's biggest supporter, and together they have four children: one son, Adil, and three daughters; Soukaina, Sarah, and Zeena. The two eldest daughters, Soukaina and Sarah, were both named by the king of Morocco, Hassan II. Said Aouita's wife, Khadija Skhir is equally interested in sports as she holds a 3rd degree black belt in Taekwondo. Aouita's two eldest daughters are both in the medical field, his son, Adil, is a film director and producer, and his youngest daughter, Zeena, is in the music field of singing and songwriting.
After his athletics career ended, Aouita worked with mixed success as a consultant for numerous sport institutions, as Technical National Manager in Morocco, and National Distance Coach in Australia thanks not only to his fruitful field experience, but also to his academic competences. Now, Aouita is working as Senior Analyst for Al Jazeera Sports channel. Aouita also has a sports clothing company which was established in 2009.
Aouita has a Bachelor of Science Degree in Management and Masters Degree in Business Administration. He is pursuing a doctorate in Sport Management and Leadership. His subject of concern is a model for elite athletic achievement in Olympics. He is interested in the impact of sport business and coaching young athletes to one day be Olympic champions.
International competitionsEdit
1980 Islamic Games Izmir, Turkey 1st 800 m
1st 1500 m
1981 World Student Games Bucharest, Romania 1st 1500 m GR
1982 African Championships Cairo, Egypt 3rd 800 m
2nd 1500 m
1983 Mediterranean Games Casablanca, Morocco 1st 800 m
World Championships Helsinki, Finland 3rd 1500 m
1984 Olympic Games Los Angeles, United States 1st 5000 m OR
African Championships Rabat, Morocco 1st 1500 m
1985 Pan Arab Games Casablanca, Morocco 1st 1500 m
1987 Mediterranean Games Latakia, Syria 1st 1500 m
2nd 3000 m steeplechase
World Championships Rome, Italy 1st 5000 m
1988 Olympic Games Seoul, South Korea 3rd 800 m
1989 World Indoor Championships Budapest, Hungary 1st 3000 m
Jeux de la Francophonie Casablanca, Morocco 1st 5000 m
IAAF World Cup Barcelona, Spain 1st 5000 m
1991 World Championships Tokyo, Japan 11th 1500 m
World recordsEdit
1500 metres – 3:29.46 min, Berlin August 23, 1985
2000 metres – 4:50.81 min, Paris July 16, 1987
3000 metres – 7:29.45 min, Koln August 20, 1989
5000 metres – 13:00.40 min, Oslo July 22, 1985
5000 metres – 12:58.35 min, Rome July 27, 1987
Two miles – 8:13.45 min, Turin May 28, 1987
Awards and distinctionsEdit
Aouita on Azerbaijani postage stamp
In 2012 Said Aouita had a subway station named after him in London for the 2012 Olympic Games. The Organizers of the Olympic Games of London 2012 announced the launch of a project called "The Underground Olympic Legends Map."
Track & Field News Athlete of the Year 1985 and 1987
44 successive victories in international races from 800 m to 10,000 m in less than 26 months
Three times IAAF Grand Prix Final winner (800 m, 1500 m, and 5000 m)[4]
Honored by International Amateur Athletics Federation for Career Achievement in 2001
The only man in history to run the 800 m under 1:44, the 1500 m under 3:30, the 3000 m under 7:30 and the 5000 m under 13:00.
Best Arab Athlete of the Century by Al Jazeera TV in 2000
Many Merit Medals by King Hassan II
In the 1996 Spring Summer Olympic special Collection Aquachrono, Swatch made a watch which featured Said Aouita on it.
The fastest train in Morocco is named after Said Aouita
Aouita was on a postage stamp of The Republic of Azerbaijan in 1996
^ a b c d e f g IAAF. "Said AOUITA - Athlete Profile".
^ Said Aouita. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2011-12-20.
^ Moore, Kenny (August 25, 1986). "Aouita Over Rono? Oh, No No". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 2010-08-05.
^ IAAF GRAND PRIX FINAL. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2011-12-20.
Saïd Aouita at IAAF
Steve Cram Men's 1,500 m World Record Holder
23 August 1985 – 6 September 1992 Succeeded by
Noureddine Morceli
Steve Cram Men's 2000 m World Record Holder
16 July 1987 – 03 July 1995 Succeeded by
Henry Rono Men's 3000 m World Record Holder
20 August 1989 – 16 August 1992 Succeeded by
Moses Kiptanui
David Moorcroft Men's 5000 m World Record Holder
22 July 1985 – 4 June 1994 Succeeded by
Carl Lewis Men's Track & Field Athlete of the Year
Yuriy Syedikh
Sporting positions
Fernando Mamede Men's 5000 m Best Year Performance
1984 – 1987 Succeeded by
John Ngugi
Sebastian Coe Men's 1500 m Best Year Performance
Steve Cram
Doug Padilla
Sydney Maree Men's 3000 m Best Year Performance
Dieter Baumann
Khalid Skah
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The Book of Daniel (TV series)
The Book of Daniel is an American television drama series that was broadcast on NBC. The network promoted it as a serious drama about Christians and the Christian faith, but it was controversial with some Christians. The show had been proposed for NBC's 2005 fall line-up, but was rescheduled as a 2006 mid-season replacement. The program premiered on January 6, 2006, in the US and was scheduled to air in thirteen episodes on Friday nights. NBC called the show "edgy", "challenging", and "courageous" in its promotional material. On January 24, 2006, a spokeswoman for NBC announced the show had been dropped.[1]
Jack Kenny
Susanna Thompson
Christian Campbell
Ivan Shaw
Leven Rambin
8 (3 unaired)
FlodyCo
Bumpy Night
NBC Universal Television Studio
January 6 –
Set in the fictional town of Newbury in Westchester County, New York, the main character is the Reverend Daniel Webster (Aidan Quinn), an unconventional Episcopal priest who is addicted to narcotic painkillers while his wife Judith (Susanna Thompson) fights her dependence on mid-day martinis.
Struggling to be a good husband, father, and priest, Webster regularly sees and talks with a traditional Western-world, white-skinned, white-robed and bearded Jesus (Garret Dillahunt) who nonetheless is rather unconventional. Daniel's Jesus appears only to him and openly questions modern interpretations of Church teachings, reminding Daniel of his own strengths and weaknesses.
The Webster family includes a 23-year-old gay son Peter (Christian Campbell), a 16-year-old daughter Grace (Alison Pill) (arrested for drug possession in the pilot episode), and Adam (Ivan Shaw), a 16-year-old adopted Chinese son who is dating Caroline Paxton (Leven Rambin), the daughter of one of Daniel's parishioners who harbors anti-Asian prejudices. Another son, Peter's twin brother Jimmy, had died of leukemia two years prior to the beginning of the series; Christian Campbell also played the role of Jimmy in flashback scenes in an unaired episode (which was included in the DVD release).
When Daniel's brother-in-law Charlie absconds with church funds and abandons his family, Daniel's sister-in-law (Cheryl White) enters a lesbian relationship with Charlie's bisexual secretary. Bishop Beatrice Congreve (Ellen Burstyn) is involved with Daniel's married father (James Rebhorn), a retired bishop who, despite his gruff exterior, is troubled by dealing with his wife's Alzheimer's disease.
Aidan Quinn as Daniel Webster
Susanna Thompson as Judith Webster
Ivan Shaw as Adam Webster
Garret Dillahunt as Jesus
Alison Pill as Grace Webster
Christian Campbell as Peter Webster
Ellen Burstyn as Beatrice Congreve
Dylan Baker as Roger Northrup
"Temptation" James Frawley Jack Kenny January 6, 2006 (2006-01-06)
"Forgiveness" James Frawley Jack Kenny January 6, 2006 (2006-01-06)
"Acceptance" Perry Lang Dan E. Fesman & Harry Victor January 13, 2006 (2006-01-13)
"Revelations" John Fortenberry John Tinker January 20, 2006 (2006-01-20)
"Assignation" Mel Damski Teleplay by: Dava Savel
Story by: Dan E. Fesman & Harry Victor Unaired
"Withdrawal" Adam Bernstein Tracey Stern January 20, 2006 (2006-01-20)
"God's Will" Michael Fields David Simkins Unaired
"Betrayal" Jeremy Podeswa Jack Kenny Unaired
ControversyEdit
The New York Times reported NBC had difficulty selling advertising during the program, even after offering significant rate discounts, because of controversial content.[2]
Stations refuse to airEdit
Eight of NBC's 232 affiliates refused to carry the program due to viewer complaints: WSMV in Nashville, Tennessee (owned by the Meredith Corporation); WGBC in Meridian, Mississippi; WTVA in Tupelo, Mississippi, and six stations owned by Nexstar Broadcasting Group – WTWO in Terre Haute, Indiana; KARK-TV in Little Rock, Arkansas; KFTA-TV/KNWA-TV in Fayetteville-Fort Smith, Arkansas (the former is now affiliated with Fox); KAMR in Amarillo, Texas and KBTV-TV in Beaumont, Texas (owned at the time by Nexstar, now owned by Deerfield Media and affiliated with Fox). Most of the affiliates refusing to air the program were located in the Bible Belt.
After KARK-TV refused to air the series, KWBF (now MyNetworkTV affiliate KARZ-TV), then an affiliate of The WB, picked up the series. The company stated that it was excited to offer an outlet for viewers in the central Arkansas area who wanted to watch the show. However, the station soon received a number of threats, which required it to hire extra security.[3] Both KARK-TV and KARZ have been owned by Nexstar since 2009, some three years after the show's cancellation.
Several stations in Michigan, including WDIV in Detroit (owned by Post-Newsweek), WOOD-TV in Grand Rapids (owned by LIN), WILX in Lansing (owned by Gray Television) and Barrington Broadcasting stations WPBN and WTOM in Traverse City and Sault Ste. Marie, and WLUC in Marquette did not air The Book of Daniel's second episode, although this was due to a live broadcast of the 2006 North American International Auto Show Charity Preview and not necessarily the controversy.
NBC's Salt Lake City affiliate, KSL-TV (whose owner, Bonneville International, is operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints), did carry The Book of Daniel, despite the station's history of preempting shows claiming that they would offend Utah's religious population.
Network cancels program mid-seasonEdit
On January 24, 2006, NBC announced the show had been dropped from the schedule. The last airing of the show was on January 20, 2006. The January 20 episode was the fourth in the series, drawing 5.8 million viewers. NBC gave no official explanation for the cancellation.
DVD releaseEdit
On September 26, 2006, a complete-series collection of The Book of Daniel was released on DVD exclusively on Amazon.com. The set includes two discs featuring all eight episodes, in the traditional hard plastic case.
^ "NBC Drops 'Book of Daniel' from Schedule". Archived from the original on February 20, 2006. Retrieved January 25, 2006.
^ Elliott, Stuart (January 11, 2006). "Few Are Booking Ads on 'The Book of Daniel'". The New York Times. Retrieved November 1, 2008.
^ Shapiro, Beth (January 10, 2006). "TV Station Threatened Over Series With Gay Character". 365Gay.com. 365GayMedia Inc. Archived from the original on April 11, 2007. Retrieved September 23, 2008.
The Book of Daniel on IMDb
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Book_of_Daniel_(TV_series)&oldid=906222302"
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(Redirected from WToO)
The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is the United Nations specialized agency responsible for the promotion of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism. It is the leading international organization in the field of tourism, which promotes tourism as a driver of economic growth, inclusive development and environmental sustainability and offers leadership and support to the sector in advancing knowledge and tourism policies worldwide. It serves as a global forum for tourism policy issues and a practical source of tourism knowledge. It encourages the implementation of the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism[1] to maximize the contribution of tourism to socio-economic development, while minimizing its possible negative impacts, and is committed to promoting tourism as an instrument in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), geared towards eliminating poverty and fostering sustainable development and peace worldwide.
UNWTO
October 1975; 43 years ago (1975-10)
United Nations specialized agency
Zurab Pololikashvili
United Nations Economic and Social Council
www.unwto.org
United Nations portal
UNWTO generates market knowledge, promotes competitive and sustainable tourism policies and instruments, fosters tourism education and training, and works to make tourism an effective tool for development through technical assistance projects in over 100 countries around the world.
UNWTO’s membership includes 158 countries, 6 territories and over 500 affiliate members representing the private sector, educational institutions, tourism associations and local tourism authorities. Its headquarters are located in Madrid.[2]
Organizational aimsEdit
UNWTO headquarters, Madrid
The objectives of the UNWTO are to promote and develop sustainable tourism to contribute to economic development, international understanding, peace, prosperity and universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion. In pursuing these aims, UNWTO pays particular attention to the interests of developing countries in the field of tourism.[3]
The origin of UNWTO stems back to 1925 when the first international congress of official tourist organisations was held at The Hague. The congress continued to meet annually and in 1930, it decided to form a formal union, which in 1934 became the International Union of Official Tourist Publicity Organizations (IUOTPO).[4]
Following the end of the Second World War and with international travel numbers increasing, the IUOTPO restructured itself into the International Union of Official Travel Organizations (IUOTO). A technical, non-governmental organization, the IUOTO was made up of a combination of national tourist organizations, industry and consumer groups. The goals and objectives of the IUOTO were to not only promote tourism in general but also to extract the best out of tourism as an international trade component and as an economic development strategy for developing nations.[5]
Towards the end of the 1960s, the IUOTO realized the need for further transformation to enhance its role on an international level. The 20th IUOTO general assembly in Tokyo, 1967, declared the need for the creation of an intergovernmental body with the necessary abilities to function on an international level in cooperation with other international agencies, in particular the United Nations. Throughout the existence of the IUOTO, close ties had been established between the organization and the United Nations (UN) and initial suggestions had the IUOTO becoming part of the UN. However, following the circulation of a draft convention, consensus held that any resultant intergovernmental organization should be closely linked to the UN but preserve its "complete administrative and financial autonomy".[6]
It was on the recommendations of the UN that the formation of the new intergovernmental tourism organization was based. Resolution 2529 of the XXIVth UN general assembly stated:
In 1970, the IUOTO general assembly voted in favor of forming the World Tourism Organization (WTO).[7] Based on statutes of the IUOTO, and after ratification by the prescribed 51 states, the WTO came into operation on November 1, 1974.
Most recently, at the fifteenth general assembly in 2003, the WTO general council and the UN agreed to establish the WTO as a specialized agency of the UN. The significance of this collaboration, WTO Secretary-General Mr. Francesco Frangialli claimed, would lie in "the increased visibility it gives the WTO, and the recognition that will be accorded to [it]. Tourism will be considered on an equal footing with other major activities of human society".[8]
In 2004, UNWTO established the World Committee on Tourism Ethics, the implementation body for the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism (adopted in 1999).[9] The Committee, whose members are elected due to their professional capacities rather than their nationalities or country affiliations, promotes and disseminates the Code and evaluates and monitors the implementation of its principles. The Committee was permanently headquartered in Rome in 2008.
Taleb Rifai of Jordan became UNWTO Secretary-General in 2010. Under his mandate the Organization introduced Hotel Energy Solutions (HES), a web-based tool to help hotels reduce their carbon footprint whilst increasing profits,[10] worked with Members on research on benefits of easing visa facilitation,[11] and forecast that in 2030 the number of international tourists would reach 1.8 billion.[12] It reached 1 billion in 2012.[13]
Taleb Rifai's mandate has seen focus placed on the people involved in the tourism experience. Two publications under the title "Tourism Stories" were released compiling research and interviews with individuals working in tourism from around the world.[14]
In 2014 the 69th session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted by consensus the resolution entitled 'Promotion of sustainable tourism, including ecotourism, for poverty eradication and environment protection'.[15] This was followed in 2015 by the adoption of 2017 as the International Year of Sustainable Tourism for Development,[16] "Recognizing the important role of sustainable tourism as a positive instrument towards the eradication of poverty, the protection of the environment, the improvement of quality of life and the economic empowerment of women and youth and its contribution to the three dimensions of sustainable development, especially in developing countries". The United Nations also recognized tourism in the Sustainable Development Goals, approved at the same 70th Session of its General Assembly. Tourism is included as a target in Goals 8, 12 and 14.[17]
MembersEdit
UNWTO member states
UNWTO associates
UNWTO observers
UNWTO Tourism Regions
UNWTO member states sorted by their regions
Membership of the UNWTO includes 158[18] states,[19] six territories (Flemish Community (1997), Puerto Rico (2002), Aruba (1987), Hong Kong (1999), Macau (1981), Madeira (1995)),[20] and two permanent observers (Holy See (1979), Palestine (1999)). Seventeen state members have withdrawn from the organization for different periods in the past: Australia (citing poor value for money), Bahamas, Bahrain, Belgium, Canada (Canada withdrew from the World Tourism Organization when it appointed Robert Mugabe as a leader in 2013), Costa Rica, El Salvador, Grenada, Honduras, Kuwait, Latvia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Panama, Philippines, Qatar, Thailand, United Kingdom and Puerto Rico (as an associate member).[citation needed] The Netherland Antilles was an associate member before its dissolution.
Non-members are: Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Comoros, Denmark, Dominica, Estonia, Finland, Grenada, Guyana, Iceland, Ireland, Kiribati, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, New Zealand, Palau, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Tonga, Tuvalu, United Kingdom, United States.
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) rejoined the organization in May 2013, 26 years after having left UNWTO.[21]
Additionally, and uniquely for a United Nations specialized agency, UNWTO has over 500 affiliate members, representing the private sector, educational institutions, tourism associations and local tourism authorities, non-governmental entities with specialised interests in tourism, and commercial and non-commercial bodies and associations with activities related to the aims of UNWTO or falling within its competence.
Secretaries-GeneralEdit
Years of Tenure
Robert Lonati 1975–1985
Willibald Pahr 1986–1989
Antonio Enriquez Savignac 1990–1996
Francesco Frangialli 1997–2009
Taleb Rifai 2010–2017
Zurab Pololikashvili[22] 2018–
StructureEdit
General AssemblyEdit
The General Assembly is the principal gathering of the World Tourism Organization. It meets every two years to approve the budget and programme of work and to debate topics of vital importance to the tourism sector. Every four years it elects a Secretary-General. The General Assembly is composed of full members and associate members. Affiliate members and representatives of other international organizations participate as observers.[23] The World Committee on Tourism Ethics is a subsidiary organ of the General Assembly.[24]
Executive CouncilEdit
The Executive Council is UNWTO's governing board, responsible for ensuring that the Organization carries out its work and adheres to its budget. It meets at least twice a year and is composed of members elected by the General Assembly in a ratio of one for every five full members. As host country of UNWTO's headquarters, Spain has a permanent seat on the Executive Council. Representatives of the associate members and affiliate members participate in Executive Council meetings as observers.[25]
CommitteesEdit
Specialized committees of UNWTO members advise on management and programme content. These include: the Programme Committee, the Committee on Budget and Finance, the Committee on Statistics and the Tourism Satellite Account, the Committee on Market and Competitiveness, the Sustainable Development of Tourism Committee, the World Committee on Tourism Ethics, the Committee on Poverty Reduction and the Committee for the Review of applications for affiliate membership.[26]
SecretariatEdit
The Secretariat is responsible for implementing UNWTO's programme of work and serving the needs of members and affiliate members. The group is led by Secretary-General, Zurab Pololikashvili of Georgia, who supervises about 110 full-time staff at UNWTO's Madrid headquarters. The Secretariat also includes a regional support office for Asia-Pacific in Osaka, Japan, financed by the Japanese Government,[27] and a liaison office in Geneva as UNWTO's representation to the UN System, the World Trade Organization, and other diplomatic organizations in Switzerland.[28]
Official languagesEdit
The official languages of UNWTO are Arabic, English, French, Russian and Spanish.[29]
PublicationsEdit
Key tourism statistics
UNWTO Annual Report
UNWTO Declarations
UNWTO Fact Sheets
UNWTO World Tourism Barometer
Knowledge Network Issues Paper Series
Visa Openness Report
UNWTO research concluded that, by improving visa processes and entry formalities, G20 economies could boost their international tourist numbers by 122 million, tourism exports by US$2016 billion and employment by 5 million.[30]
The Organization's latest UNWTO Visa Openness Report, published in 2016, shows the highest ever percentage of international tourists not requiring a visa to travel - 39% compared with 23% in 2008.[31] The report concluded that the 30 countries whose citizens were least affected by visa restrictions in 2015 were (based on the data compiled by the UNWTO, based on information from national official institutions):[32]
Least restricted citizens
Mobility index (out of 215 with no visa weighted by 1, visa on arrival weighted by 0.7, eVisa by 0.5 and traditional visa weighted by 0)
Finland,
Luxembourg,
Netherlands,
South Korea,
Ireland,
Norway,
Spain,
Switzerland 158
Greece,
Malta 157
Czech Republic,
New Zealand 156
Hungary,
Iceland,
Malaysia 155
Australia,
Slovakia 154
^ "Global Code of Ethics for Tourism". unwto.org. World Tourism Organization. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
^ "Where we are". Retrieved 20 January 2016.
^ "Statutes of UNWTO" (PDF).
^ Schipper, Frank; Tchoukarine, Igor; Bechmann Pedersen, Sune (2018). The History of the European Travel Commission 1948-2018 (PDF). Brussels: European Travel Commission. pp. 14–16. ISBN 978-92-95107-20-5.
^ Jafari, Creation of the intergovernmental world tourism oration
^ Jafari, Creation of the intergovernmental world tourism organization, 241
^ "The Postal History of ICAO". icao.int. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
^ World Tourism Organization, WTO news, 2003, 3
^ "World Committee on Tourism Ethics - Ethics and Social Responsibility". ethics.unwto.org.
^ "Hotel Energy Solutions - World Tourism Organization". hotelenergysolutions.net.
^ "Facilitation of Tourist Travel - Resilience of Tourism Development". rcm.unwto.org.
^ Tourism Towards 2030 / Global Overview - Advance edition presented at UNWTO 19th General Assembly - 10 October 2011 - World Tourism Organization. 2011. doi:10.18111/9789284414024. ISBN 9789284414024.
^ (UNWTO), World Tourism Organization (2017). Yearbook of Tourism Statistics, Data 2011 – 2015 (2017 Edition) - World Tourism Organization. doi:10.18111/9789284418428. ISBN 9789284418428.
^ "Tourism Stories - World Tourism Organization UNWTO". www2.unwto.org.
^ "United Nations Official Document". www.un.org.
^ "Sustainable development goals - United Nations".
^ "Who we are | World Tourism Organization UNWTO".
^ "Member States". Retrieved 20 January 2016.
^ territories or groups of territories not responsible for their external relations but whose membership is approved by the state assuming responsibility for their external relations.
^ "The United Arab Emirates joins the World Tourism Organization - World Tourism Organization UNWTO". media.unwto.org.
^ "UNWTO Executive Council recommends Zurab Pololikashvili for Secretary-General for the period 2018-2021 - World Tourism Organization UNWTO". media.unwto.org.
^ "General Assembly - World Tourism Organization UNWTO". www2.unwto.org.
^ "General Assembly". Retrieved 20 January 2016.
^ "Executive Council". Retrieved 20 January 2016.
^ "Committees". Retrieved 20 January 2016.
^ "UNWTO Secretary-General welcomes Japan's support for tourism when meeting with Prime Minister Abe - World Tourism Organization UNWTO". media.unwto.org.
^ "UNWTO in International Geneva - World Tourism Organization UNWTO". www2.unwto.org.
^ "Chinese to become official language of World Tourism Organization". Minsk: Belarusian Telegraph Agency. 12 December 2012. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
^ The Impact of Visa Facilitation on Job Creation in the G20 Economies: Report prepared for the 4th T20 Ministers' Meeting, Mexico, 15–16 May 2012. 2012. doi:10.18111/9789284414727. ISBN 9789284414727.
^ Visa openness report 2015. 2016. doi:10.18111/9789284417384. ISBN 9789284417384.
^ "Visa Openness Report 2016" (PDF). World Tourism Organization. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
Jafari, J. (1974). Creation of the intergovernmental world tourism organization. Annals of Tourism Research, 2, (5), 237–245.
United Nations General Assembly. (1969). General assembly – twenty fourth session.
United Nations World Tourism Organization. (2007). About UNWTO.
World Tourism Organization. (2003). WTO news, 2003 (3). Madrid: World Tourism Organization.
"World Tourism Organization changes its abbreviation to UNWTO". UNWTO Press and Communications. 1 December 2005. Retrieved 4 March 2008.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to UNWTO.
UNWTO eLibrary
UNWTO Themis Foundation
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science of the structure of abstract objects such as numbers, spaces, functions and relations
(Redirected from Math)
Euclid (holding calipers), Greek mathematician, 3rd century BC, as imagined by Raphael in this detail from The School of Athens.{{No likeness or description of Euclid's physical appearance made during his lifetime survived antiquity. Therefore, Euclid's depiction in works of art depends on the artist's imagination (see Euclid).}}
It was mathematics, the non-empirical science par excellence, wherein the mind appears to play only with itself, that turned out to be the science of sciences, delivering the key to those laws of nature and the universe that are concealed by appearances. ~ Hannah Arendt
Number rules the universe. ~ Pythagoras
Mathematics is the body of knowledge centered on concepts such as quantity, structure, space, and change, and the academic discipline which studies them.
Quotes by mathematicians and philosophers
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I-J, K, L, M, N, O-P, Q, R, S, T, U-W, Y-Z
Quotes that mention mathematics
A'-C', D'-L', M'-Z'
Misattributed, See also
Quotes by mathematicians and philosophersEdit
The idea that theorems follow from the postulates does not correspond to simple observation … Euclid's postulates came from the Pythagorean theorem, not the other way around. ~ Richard Hamming
Mathematics is the language of size, shape and order and that it is an essential part of the equipment of an intelligent citizen to understand this language. ~ Lancelot Hogben
Any author who uses mathematics should always express in ordinary language the meaning of the assumptions he admits, as well as the significance of the results obtained. The more abstract his theory, the more imperative this obligation. In fact, mathematics are and can only be a tool to explore reality. In this exploration, mathematics do not constitute an end in itself, they are and can only be a means.
Maurice Allais, La formation scientifique, Une communication du Prix Nobel d’économie, Maurice Allais, address to the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques (1997).
Mathematics is not a careful march down a well-cleared highway, but a journey into a strange wilderness, where the explorers often get lost. Rigour should be a signal to the historian that the maps have been made, and the real explorers have gone elsewhere.
W. S. Anglin, in "Mathematics and History", Mathematical Intelligencer 14(4), 1992, p. 10; elucidating the symmetry between the creative and logical aspects of mathematics.
In doing mathematics, I express something personal. It is a source of joy to know that, despite this personal aspect, the fruit of my work can be of interest to other mathematicians.
Nalini Anantharaman, Women in Mathematics Throughout Europe. A Gallery of Portraits (2016)
It was mathematics, the non-empirical science par excellence, wherein the mind appears to play only with itself, that turned out to be the science of sciences, delivering the key to those laws of nature and the universe that are concealed by appearances.
Hannah Arendt, The Life of the Mind (1971), p. 7.
If in other sciences we should arrive at certainty without doubt and truth without error, it behooves us to place the foundations of knowledge in mathematics.
Roger Bacon Opus Majus, Book 1, Chapter 4.
If a 'religion' is defined to be a system of ideas that contains unprovable statements, then Gödel taught us that mathematics is not only a religion, it is the only religion that can prove itself to be one.
John D. Barrow, The Artful Universe (1995)
Where there is life there is a pattern, and where there is a pattern there is mathematics. Once that germ of rationality and order exists to turn a chaos into a cosmos, then so does mathematics. There could not be a non-mathematical Universe containing living observers.
We say that the string is 'random' if there is no other representation of the string which is shorter than itself. But we will say that it is 'non-random' if there does exist such an abbreviated representation. ...In general, the shorter the possible representation... the less random... On this view we recognize science to be the search for algorithmic compressions. ...It is simplest to think of mathematics as the catalogue of all possible patterns. ...When viewed in this way, it is inevitable that the world is described by mathematics. ...In many ways the search for a Theory of Everything is a manifestation of a faith that this compression goes all the way down to the bedrock of reality...
John D. Barrow, New Theories of Everything (2007)
Mathematics became an experimental subject. Individuals could follow previously intractable problems by simply watching what happened when they were programmed into a personal computer. ...The PC revolution has made science more visual and more immediate ...by creating films of imaginary experiences of mathematical worlds. ...Words are no longer enough.
John D. Barrow, Cosmic Imagery: Key Images in the History of Science (2008)
Something more than impeccable logic is required in mathematics. An expert logician will not necessarily be a passable mathematician for all his skill in logic, any more than a scholarly prosodist will be a respectable poet for all his mastery of meter.
Eric Temple Bell, Mathematics, Queen and Servant of Science (1952) p. 19.
A narrative of the decisive epochs in the development of mathematics was wanted. ...Numerous professionals... know from hard experience what mathematical invention means. ...Whoever has himself attempted to advance mathematics is inclined to be more skeptical than the average spectator toward any alleged anticipation of notable progress. ...often what looks like an anticipation ...was not even aimed in the right direction. ...when at length progress started; it proceeded along lines totally different from those which, in retrospect, it 'should' have followed.
Eric Temple Bell, The Development of Mathematics (1940)
Nearly always it is the recondite and complicated which is elaborated first; and it is only when some relatively unsophisticated mind attacks a problem that its deep simplicity is revealed.
“It’s magic,” the chief cook concluded, in awe.
“No, not magic,” the ship’s doctor replied. “It’s much more. It’s mathematics.”
David Brin, Glory Season (1993), chapter 24
The analytical geometry of Descartes and the calculus of Newton and Leibniz have expanded into the marvelous mathematical method—more daring than anything that the history of philosophy records—of Lobachevsky and Riemann, Gauss and Sylvester. Indeed, mathematics, the indispensable tool of the sciences, defying the senses to follow its splendid flights, is demonstrating today, as it never has been demonstrated before, the supremacy of the pure reason.
Nicholas Murray Butler, The Meaning of Education and other Essays and Addresses (1898) p. 45 as quoted by Robert Édouard Moritz, Memorabilia Mathematica; Or, The Philomath's Quotation-book (1914)
Over time you will get the wrong answer more times than you get the right answer. That’s not a problem! You’ve learnt what doesn’t work, just try again.
Sophie Carr, "Maths is all around: Increasing the probability that more girls will pursue mathematics related careers – Dr. Sophie Carr, Founder of Bays Consulting" (Womanthology, 2018).
I would myself say that the purely imaginary objects are the only realities, the ὂντως ὂντα [truest things], in regard to which the corresponding physical objects are as the shadows in the cave; and it is only by means of them that we are able to deny the existence of a corresponding physical object; and if there is no conception of straightness, then it is meaningless to deny the conception of a perfectly straight line.
Arthur Cayley, Presidential address British Association for the Advancement of Science, Southport (1883) as quoted by Nicholas Murray Butler, The Meaning of Education: And Other Essays and Addresses (1898)
This statistical regularity in moral affairs fully establishes their being under the presidency of law. Man is now seen to be an enigma only as an individual; in the mass he is a mathematical problem.
Robert Chambers, Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation (1844).
Geometry is that of mathematical science which is devoted to consideration of form and size, and may be said to be the best and surest guide to study of all sciences in which ideas of dimension or space are involved. Almost all the knowledge required by navigators, architects, surveyors, engineers, and opticians, in their respective occupations, is deduced from geometry and branches of mathematics. All works of art are constructed according to the rules which geometry involves; and we find the same laws observed in the works of nature. The study of mathematics, generally, is also of great importance in cultivating habits of exact reasoning; and in this respect it forms a useful auxiliary to logic.
Robert Chambers, Chambers's Information for the People (1875) Vol. 2
There is probably no other science which presents such different appearances to one who cultivates and one who does not, as mathematics. To [the non-mathematician] it is ancient, venerable, and complete; a body of dry, irrefutable, unambiguous reasoning. To the mathematician, on the other hand, his science is yet in the purple of bloom of vigorous youth, everywhere stretching out after the "attainable but unattained," and full of the excitement of nascent thoughts; its logic is beset with ambiguities, and its analytic processes, like Bunyan's road, have a quagmire on one side and a deep ditch on the other, and branch off into innumerable by-paths that end in a wilderness.
C. H. Chapman, Review of Sophus Lie's Theorie der Transformationsgruppen (1892) Bulletin of the New York Mathematical Society 2, p. 61
Mathematics is the study of anything that obeys the rules of logic, using the rules of logic.
Eugenia Cheng, "How to Bake Pi: Easy recipes for understanding complex maths" (2015).
To many, mathematics is a collection of theorems. For me, mathematics is a collection of examples; a theorem is a statement about a collection of examples and the purpose of proving theorems is to classify and explain the examples...
John B. Conway, Subnormal Operators (1981) Research Notes in Math., 51, Pitman Advanced Publishing Program, Boston-London-Melbourne, ISBN 0-8218-2184-9.
The study of mathematics is the indispensable basis for all intellectual and spiritual progress.
F.M. Cornford (1874-1943), summarizing a central tenet of Pythagoreanism.[1]
The progress of mathematics has been most erratic, and... intuition has played a predominant rôle in it. ...It was the function of intuition to create new forms; it was the acknowledged right of logic to accept or reject these new forms, in whose birth it had no part. ...the children had to live, so while waiting for logic to sanctify their existence, they throve and multiplied.
Tobias Dantzig, Number: The Language of Science (1930).
Between the philosopher's attitude towards the issue of reality and that of the mathematician there is this essential difference: for the philosopher the issue is paramount; the mathematician's love for reality is purely platonic.
The mathematician may be compared to a designer of garments, who is utterly oblivious of the creatures whom his garments may fit. ...The conic sections, invented in an attempt to solve the problem of doubling the altar of an oracle, ended by becoming the orbits followed by the planets... The imaginary magnitudes invented by Cardan and Bombelli describe... the characteristic features of alternating currents. The absolute differential calculus, which originated as a fantasy of Reimann, became the mathematical model for the theory of Relativity. And the matrices which were a complete abstraction in the days of Cayley and Sylvester appear admirably adapted to the... quantum of the atom.
Underpinning everything... are the laws of physics. These remarkably ingenious laws are able to permit matter to self-organize to the point where consciousness emerges in the cosmos—mind from matter—and the most striking product of the human mind is mathematics. This is the baffling thing. Mathematics is... produced by the human mind. Yet if we ask where mathematics works best, it is in areas like particle physics and astrophysics, areas of fundamental science that are very, very far removed from everyday affairs. ...at the opposite end of spectrum of complexity from the human brain. ...a product of the most complex system we know in nature, the human brain, finds a consonance with the underlying, simplest and most fundamental level, the basic building blocks that make up the world.
Paul Davies, Are We Alone?: Philosophical Implications of the Discovery of Extraterrestrial Life (1995)
It suggests to me that consciousness and our ability to do mathematics are no mere accident, no trivial detail, no insignificant by-product of evolution that is piggy-backing on some other mundane property. It points to what I like to call the cosmic connection, the existence of a really deep relationship between minds that can do mathematics and the underlying laws of nature that produce them. We have a closed system of consistency here: the laws of physics produce complex systems, and these complex systems lead to consciousness, which then produces mathematics, which can encode... the very laws of physics that gave rise to it.
Physicists have been drawn to elegant mathematical relationships that bind the subject together with economy and style, melding disparate qualities in subtle and harmonious ways. But this is to import a new factor into the argument—questions of aesthetics and taste. We are then on shaky ground indeed. It may be that M theory looks beautiful to its creators, but ugly to N theorists, who think that their theory is the most elegant. But then the O theorists disagree with both groups...
Paul Davies, Cosmic Jackpot: Why Our Universe Is Just Right for Life (2007)
Mathematics, in an earlier view, is the science of space and quantity; in a later view, it is the science of pattern and deductive structure. Since the Greeks, mathematics is also the science of the infinite.
Philip J. Davis, Reuben Hersh, The Mathematical Experience (1980)
A marveilous newtrality have these things mathematicall and also a strange participation between things supernaturall, imortall, intellectuall, simple and indivisible, and things naturall, mortall, sensible, compounded and divisible.
John Dee, The mathematicall praeface to the Elements of geometrie of Euclid of Megara (1570) as editor of Euclid's Elements, translated by Henry Billingsley.
The nature of mathematical demonstration is totally different from all other, and the difference consists in this—that, instead of showing the contrary of the proposition asserted to be only improbable, it proves it at once to be absurd and impossible. This is done by showing that the contrary of the proposition which is asserted is in direct contradiction to some extremely evident fact, of the truth of which our eyes and hands convince us.
Augustus De Morgan, On the Study and Difficulties of Mathematics (1831) p. 2
With a view to summon myself to the search for a science of mathematics in general, I asked myself... what precisely was the meaning of this word mathematics, and why arithmetic and geometry only, and not also astronomy, music, optics, mechanics, and so many other sciences, should be considered as forming a part of it; for it is not enough here to know the etymology of the word. In reality the word mathematics meaning nothing but science, those which I have just named have as much right as geometry to be called mathematics; and nevertheless there is no one, however little instructed, who cannot distinguish at once what belongs to mathematics... from what belongs to the other sciences. But... all the sciences which have for their end investigations concerning order and measure, are related to mathematics, it being of small importance whether this measure be sought in numbers, forms, stars, sounds, or any other object; that, accordingly, there ought to exist a general science which should explain all that can be known about order and measure, considered independently of any application to a particular subject, and that, indeed, this science has its own proper name, consecrated by long usage, to wit, mathematics...
René Descartes, Rule IV: "Necessity of Method in the Search for Truth," "Rules for the Direction of the Mind," Part I of Discourse Upon Method in The Philosophy of Descartes: In Extracts from His Writing pp. 71-72, Tr. Henry A. P. Torrey
Mathematics in itself, as I say, is independent of experience. It begins with the free choice of symbols, to which are freely assigned properties, and it then proceeds to deduce the necessary rational implications of those properties.
Herbert Dingle, Science at the Crossroads (1972), p. 84
It seems to be one of the fundamental features of nature that fundamental physical laws are described in terms of a mathematical theory of great beauty and power, needing quite a high standard of mathematics for one to understand it. You may wonder: Why is nature constructed along these lines? One can only answer that our present knowledge seems to show that nature is so constructed. We simply have to accept it. One could perhaps describe the situation by saying that God is a mathematician of a very high order, and He used very advanced mathematics in constructing the universe. Our feeble attempts at mathematics enable us to understand a bit of the universe, and as we proceed to develop higher and higher mathematics we can hope to understand the universe better.
Paul Dirac, "The Evolution of the Physicist's Picture of Nature," Scientific American (May, 1963)
I shall here present the view that numbers, even whole numbers, are words, parts of speech, and that mathematics is their grammar. Numbers were therefore invented by people in the same sense that language, both written and spoken, was invented. Grammar is also an invention. Words and numbers have no existence separate from the people who use them. Knowledge of mathematics is transmitted from one generation to another, and it changes in the same slow way that language changes. Continuity is provided by the process of oral or written transmission.
Carl Eckart, Our Modern Idol: Mathematical Science (1984), p. 95.
Proof is the idol before whom the pure mathematician tortures himself.
Arthur Eddington, The Nature of the Physical World (1928)
In so far as theories of mathematics speak about reality, they are not certain, and in so far as they are certain, they do not speak about reality.
Albert Einstein, Geometrie and Erfahrung (1921) pp. 3 f. as cited by Karl Popper, The Two Fundamental Problems of the Theory of Knowledge (2014) Tr. Andreas Pickel, Ed. Troels Eggers Hansen.
It is my conviction that pure mathematical construction enables us to discover the concepts and the laws connecting them, which give us the key to the understanding of the phenomena of Nature.
Albert Einstein, On the Method of Theoretical Physics (1933) Lecture at the University of Oxford, as quoted in Mathematics Magazine (1990) Vol. 63., p. 237.
There is no royal road to geometry. (μή εἶναι βασιλικήν ἀτραπόν ἐπί γεωμετρίαν, Non est regia [inquit Euclides] ad Geometriam via)
Euclid, alleged reply when Ptolemy I Soter asked him if there was a shorter road to learning geometry than through Euclid's Elements.
If you are interested in the ultimate character of the physical world, or the complete world, and at the present time our only way to understand that is through the mathematical type of reasoning... the great depth of character of the universality of the laws, the relationships of things... I don't know any other way to do it, we don't know any other way to describe it accurately... or to see the interrelationships without it... don't misunderstand me, there are many, many aspects of the world that mathematics is unnecessary for... but we were talking about physics... to not know mathematics is a severe limitation in understanding the world.
Richard Feynman, "The Rules of the Game," The Pleasure of Finding Things Out (1999)
Mathematics offers a common language across borders. It is a real joy.
Alice Fialowski, Women in Mathematics Throughout Europe. A Gallery of Portraits (2016)
Mathematics is a tool which ideally permits mediocre minds to solve complicated problems expeditiously.
Floyd Alburn Firestone, Vibration and Sound (1939) 2nd ed., p. 8, as quoted by Raymond L. Wilder, "The Nature of Modern Mathematics," The Evolution of the Science of Numbers, Quarterly Review of the Michigan Alumnus, Vol. 65, 1958-1959, p. 302.
The analytical equations, unknown to the ancient geometers, which Descartes was the first to introduce into the study of curves and surfaces, are not restricted to the properties of figures, and to those properties which are the object of rational mechanics; they extend to all general phenomena. There cannot be a language more universal and more simple, more free from errors and from obscurities, that is to say more worthy to express the invariable relations of natural things.
Considered from this point of view, mathematical analysis is as extensive as nature itself; it defines all perceptible relations, measures times, spaces, forces, temperatures; this difficult science is formed slowly, but it preserves every principle which it has once acquired; it grows and strengthens itself incessantly in the midst of the many variations and errors of the human mind.
Its chief attribute is clearness; it has no marks to express confused notions. It brings together phenomena the most diverse, and discovers the hidden analogies which unite them.
Joseph Fourier, The Analytical Theory of Heat (1878) Preliminary Discourse, p.7
Numbers exist only in our minds. There is no physical entity that is number 1. If there were, 1 would be in a place of honor in some great museum of science, and past it would file a steady stream of mathematicians gazing at 1 in wonder and awe.
John B. Fraleigh, Raymond A. Beauregard, Linear Algebra (1995)
I united the majority of well-informed persons into a club, which we called by the name of the Junto, and the object of which was to improve our understandings. ... The first members of our club were...
Thomas Godfrey, a self-taught mathematician, and afterwards inventor of what is now called Hadley's dial; but he had little knowledge out of his own line, and was insupportable in company, always requiring, like the majority of mathematicians that have fallen in my way, an unusual precision in everything that is said, continually contradicting, or making trifling distinctions—a sure way of defeating all the ends of conversation. He very soon left us.
Benjamin Franklin, The Life and Miscellaneous Writings of Benjamin Franklin (1839)
Mathematics ought properly to be a model of logical clarity. In actual fact there are perhaps no scientific works where you will find more wrong expressions, and consequently wrong thoughts, than in mathematical ones.
Gottlob Frege, What is a Function? (1904)
The forbidding symbols and equations are just another language: code for beautiful ideas that often find surprising uses in the ordinary world we all live in.
Marianne Freiberger & Rachel Thomas (of Plus Magazine), "Numericon" p. vi. (2015).
Maths is the language spoken by all the sciences, taking us to the frontiers of knowledge, from the workings of the Universe to the workings of our minds, which enabled us to dream it all up in the first place.
Marianne Freiberger & Rachel Thomas (of Plus Magazine), "Numericon" p. vii. (2015).
For many, maths is fundamentally beautiful; indeed many mathematicians won’t be entirely satisfied with their work until it has an elegance, simplicity and grace. Others are drawn by its ‘unreasonable effectiveness’ - its power to explain the world we live in.
It might have been beans, successful hunts, or victories in battle, but, for millennia, people were using maths to describe things - counting them, measuring them, dividing them up.
Marianne Freiberger & Rachel Thomas (of Plus Magazine), "Numericon" p. 1. (2015).
It is a truth universally acknowledged … that ε (pronounced ‘epsilon’) is always a very small number, and usually comes with a δ (pronounced ‘delta’).
Marianne Freiberger & Rachel Thomas (of Plus Magazine), "Numericon" p. 188. (2015).
An arguing couple spiraling into negativity and teetering on the brink of divorce is actually mathematically equivalent to the beginning of a nuclear war.
Hannah Fry, The Mathematics of Love (2015), p. 104.
You can’t think of maths just as this abstract thing that exists only in isolation. I genuinely struggle to find a topic where maths can’t offer you at least some use or insight.
Hannah Fry, In conversation with Hannah Fry Chalkdust Magazine (2015).
There’s barely any aspect of our modern lives that hasn’t had a mathematical contribution at some point and yet, if you asked the average person, they might think that maths is just difficult, irrelevant and uninteresting.
Hannah Fry, Guardian Interview (2016).
What has philosophy got to do with measuring anything? It's the mathematicians you have to trust, and they measure the skies like we measure a field.
Galileo Galilei, Concerning the New Star (1606).
Philosophy is written in that great book which ever lies before our eyes — I mean the universe — but we cannot understand it if we do not first learn the language and grasp the symbols, in which it is written. This book is written in the mathematical language, and the symbols are triangles, circles and other geometrical figures, without whose help it is impossible to comprehend a single word of it; without which one wanders in vain through a dark labyrinth.
Galileo Galilei, The Assayer (1623) as quoted by Edwin Arthur Burtt in The Metaphysical Foundations of Modern Physical Science (1924), p. 64.
Humane wisdom understandeth some propositions so perfectly, and is as absolutely certain thereof, as Nature herself; and such are the pure Mathematical sciences, to wit, Geometry and Arithmetick: in which Divine Wisdom knows infinite more propositions, because it knows them all; but I believe that the knowledge of those few comprehended by humane understanding, equalleth the divine, as to the certainty objectivè, for that it arriveth to comprehend the necessity thereof, than which there can be no greater certainty.
Galileo Galilei, Dialogo sopra i due Massi Sistemi del Mondo (1632) as quoted in the Salusbury translation, The Systeme of the World: in Four Dialogues (1661).
A set is a unity of which its elements are the constituents. It is a fundamental property of the mind to comprehend multitudes into unities. Sets are multitudes which are also unities. A multitude is the opposite of a unity. How can anything be both a multitude and a unity? Yet a set is just that. It is a seemingly contradictory fact that sets exist. It is surprising that the fact that multitudes are also unities leads to no contradictions: this is the main fact of mathematics. Thinking a plurality together seems like a triviality: and this appears to explain why we have no contradiction. But “many things for one” is far from trivial.
Kurt Gödel, as quoted in A Logical Journey by Hao Wang (1996)
Even God cannot make two times two not make four.
Hugo Grotius, as quoted in Delbert D. Thiessen (ed.), A Sociobiology Compendium: Aphorisms, Sayings, Asides, p. 18
Mathematical methods present... two advantages. Their terminology is precise and concentrated, in a fashion which ordinary language cannot afford to adopt. Further, the symbols which result from their employment have implications which, when brought to light, yield new knowledge. This is deductively reached, but it is none the less new knowledge. With greater precision than is usual, ordinary language may be made to do some, if not a great deal, of this work for which mathematical methods are alone quite appropriate. If ordinary language can do part of it an advantage may be gained. The difficulty that attends mathematical symbolism is the accompanying tendency to take the symbol as exhaustively descriptive of reality. Now it is not so descriptive. It always embodies an abstraction. It accordingly leads to the use of metaphors which are inadequate and generally untrue. It is only qualification by descriptive language of a wider range that can keep this tendency in check.
Richard Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane, Preface to Einstein and the Universe: a Popular Exposition of the Famous Theory (1922) by Charles Nordmann
The idea that theorems follow from the postulates does not correspond to simple observation. If the Pythagorean theorem were found to not follow from the postulates, we would again search for a way to alter the postulates until it was true. Euclid's postulates came from the Pythagorean theorem, not the other way around.
Richard Hamming, "The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics", The American Mathematical Monthly 87 (2), February 1980, pp. 81-90.
I remember once going to see him when he was ill at Putney. I had ridden in taxi cab number 1729 and remarked that the number seemed to me rather a dull one, and that I hoped it was not an unfavorable omen. "No," he replied, "it is a very interesting number; it is the smallest number expressible as the sum of two cubes in two different ways."
G. H. Hardy, Quotations by Hardy. Gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk. Retrieved on 27 November 2013..
The number 1729 is known as the Hardy–Ramanujan number after a famous anecdote of Hardy regarding a visit to the hospital to see S. Ramanujan.
Archimedes will be remembered when Aeschylus is forgotten, because languages die and mathematical ideas do not. "Immortality" may be a silly word, but probably a mathematician has the best chance of whatever it may mean.
G. H. Hardy, A Mathematician's Apology (London 1941).Quotations by Hardy. Gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk. Retrieved on 27 November 2013..
A mathematician, like a painter or poet, is a maker of patterns. If his patterns are more permanent than theirs, it is because they are made with ideas.
G. H. Hardy, A Mathematician's Apology (London 1941).Quotations by Hardy. Gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk. Retrieved on 27 November 2013.
Mathematicians have constructed a very large number of different systems of geometry, Euclidean or non-Euclidean, of one, two, three, or any number of dimensions. All these systems are of complete and equal validity. They embody the results of mathematicians' observations of their reality, a reality far more intense and far more rigid than the dubious and elusive reality of physics. The old-fashioned geometry of Euclid, the entertaining seven-point geometry of Veblen, the space-times of Minkowski and Einstein, are all absolutely and equally real. ...There may be three dimensions in this room and five next door. As a professional mathematician, I have no idea; I can only ask some competent physicist to instruct me in the facts.
The function of a mathematician, then, is simply to observe the facts about his own intricate system of reality, that astonishingly beautiful complex of logical relations which forms the subject-matter of his science, as if he were an explorer looking at a distant range of mountains, and to record the results of his observations in a series of maps, each of which is a branch of pure mathematics. ...Among them there perhaps none quite so fascinating, with quite the astonishing contrasts of sharp outline and shade, as that which constitutes the theory of numbers.
G. H. Hardy, "The Theory of Numbers," Nature (Sep 16, 1922) Vol. 110 p. 381
There are men of a certain type of mind who are never wearied with gibing at mathematics, at mathematicians, and at mathematical methods of inquiry. It goes almost without saying that these men have themselves little mathematical bent. I believe this to be a general fact; but, as a fact, it does not explain very well their attitude towards mathematicians. The reason seems to lie deeper. How does it come about, for instance, that whilst they are themselves so transparently ignorant of the real nature, meaning, and effects of mathematical investigation, they yet lay down the law in the most confident and self-satisfied manner, telling the mathematician what the nature of his work is (or rather is not), and of its erroneousness and inutility, and so forth? It is quite as if they knew all about it.
It reminds one of the professional paradoxers... They, too, write as if they knew all about it. Plainly, then, the anti-mathematician must belong to the same class as the paradoxer, whose characteristic is to be wise in his ignorance, whereas the really wise man is ignorant in his wisdom. ...What is of greater importance is that the anti-mathematicians sometimes do a deal of mischief. For there are many of a neutral frame of mind, little acquainted themselves with mathematical methods, who are sufficiently impressible to be easily taken in by the gibers and to be prejudiced thereby; and, should they possess some mathematical bent, they may be hindered by their prejudice from giving it fair development. We cannot all be Newtons or Laplace's, but that there is an immense amount of moderate mathematical talent lying latent in the average man I regard as a fact; and even the moderate development implied in a working knowledge of simple algebraical equations can, with common-sense to assist, be not only the means of valuable mental discipline, but even be of commercial importance (which goes a long way with some people), should one's occupation be a branch of engineering for example.
Oliver Heaviside, Electromagnetic Theory (1893) Vol. 1, pp. 7-8.
Anyone who cannot cope with mathematics is not fully human. At best he is a tolerable sub-human who has learned to wear shoes, bathe, and not make messes in the house.
Robert Heinlein, Time Enough For Love (1973), and again in The Notebooks of Lazarus Long (1978).
Dialectical mathematics is a rigorously logical science, where statements are either true or false, and where objects with specified properties either do or do not exist. Algorithmic mathematics is a tool for solving problems. Here we are concerned not only with the existence of a mathematical object, but also with the credentials of its existence. Dialectical mathematics is an intellectual game played according to rules about which there is a high degree of consensus. The rules of the game of algorithmic mathematics may vary according to the urgency of the problem on hand. We never could have put a man on the moon if we had insisted that the trajectories should be computed with dialectic rigor. The rules may also vary according to the computing equipment available. Dialectic mathematics invites contemplation. Algorithmic mathematics invites action. Dialectic mathematics generates insight. Algorithmic mathematics generates results.
Peter Henrici, "Computational Complex Analysis," The Influence of Computing on Mathematical Research and Education (1974) ed., Joseph P. LaSalle, p. 80.
An old French mathematician said: A mathematical theory is not to be considered complete until you have made it so clear that you can explain it to the first man whom you meet on the street. This clearness and ease of comprehension, here insisted on for a mathematical theory, I should still more demand for a mathematical problem if it is to be perfect; for what is clear and easily comprehended attracts, the complicated repels us.
David Hilbert, Mathematical Problems (1900) address, International Congress of Mathematicians at Paris, Tr. Maby Winton Newson, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 8 (1902)
The art of doing mathematics consists in finding that special case which contains all the germs of generality.
David Hilbert, as quoted by Constance Reid, "Hilbert" (1970)
The doctrine of Right and Wrong, is perpetually disputed, both by Pen and the Sword: Whereas the doctrine of Lines, and Figures, is not so; because men care not, in that subject what be truth, as a thing that crosses no mans ambition, profit, or lust. For I doubt not, but if it had been a thing contrary to any mans right of dominion, or to the interest of men that have dominion, That the three Angles of a Triangle, should be equall to two Angles of a Square; that doctrine should have been, if not disputed, yet by the burning of all books of Geometry, suppressed, as far as he whom it concerned was able.
Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan (1651)
Who has studied the works of such men as Euler, Lagrange, Cauchy, Riemann, Sophus Lie, and Weierstrass, can doubt that a great mathematician is a great artist? The faculties possessed by such men, varying greatly in kind and degree with the individual, are analogous with those requisite for constructive art. Not every mathematician possesses in a specially high degree that critical faculty which finds its employment in the perfection of form, in conformity with the ideal of logical completeness; but every great mathematician possesses the rarer faculty of constructive imagination.
E. W. Hobson, Presidential Address British Association for the Advancement of Science (1910) Nature Vol. 84 p. 290 as quoted by Robert Édouard Moritz, Memorabilia Mathematica; Or, The Philomath's Quotation-book (1914) p. 184.
Mathematics is the language of size, shape and order and that it is an essential part of the equipment of an intelligent citizen to understand this language. If the rules of mathematics are the rules of grammar, there is no stupidity involved when we fail to see that a mathematical truth is obvious. The rules of ordinary grammar are not obvious. They have to be learned. They are not eternal truths. They are conveniences without whose aid truths about the sorts of things in the world cannot be communicated from one person to another.
Lancelot Hogben, Mathematics for the Million (1936).
As soon as a thought or word becomes a tool, one can dispense with actually ‘thinking’ it, that is, with going through the logical acts involved in verbal formulation of it. As has been pointed out, often and correctly, the advantage of mathematics—the model of all neo-positivistic thinking—lies in just this ‘intellectual economy.’ Complicated logical operations are carried out without actual performance of the intellectual acts upon which the mathematical and logical symbols are based. … Reason … becomes a fetish, a magic entity that is accepted rather than intellectually experienced.
Max Horkheimer, Eclipse of Reason (1947), p. 23.
Mathematics may be compared to a mill of exquisite workmanship, which grinds your stuff of any degree of fineness; but, nevertheless, what you get out depends upon what you put in; and as the grandest mill in the world will not extract wheat flour from peascods, so pages of formulæ will not get a definite result out of loose data.
Thomas Henry Huxley, "Anniversary Address of the President", Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London (1869) Vol. 25, p. l in p. xxviii-liii; as reprinted in Aphorisms and Reflections (1908) CCXXVI, p. 93 ed., Henrietta A. Huxley Huxley, and in Discourses, Biological and Geological essays (1909), pp. 335–336 .
I-JEdit
From the intrinsic evidence of his creation, the Great Architect of the Universe now begins to appear as a pure mathematician.
Sir James Jeans, The Mysterious Universe (1930) p. 165.
The final truth about a phenomenon resides in the mathematical description of it; so long as there is no imperfection in this, our knowledge of the phenomenon is complete. We go beyond the mathematical formula at our own risk; we may find a model or a picture which helps us understand it, but we have no right to expect this, and our failure to find such a model or picture need not indicate that either our reasoning or our knowledge is at fault. The making of models or pictures to explain mathematical formulas and the phenomena they describe is not a step towards, but a step away from reality; it is like making a graven image of a spirit.
Sir James Jeans, The Mysterious Universe (1930)
Clearly, if electric action is to be explained in mechanical terms, the mechanism must be supposed to be attached to the electric charges, and to move through space with them. It must extend through the whole of space, because the attraction and repulsion of an electron extend through the whole of space, and it must be the same for all directions in space. Further, as the pattern of events is unaltered by motion, the mechanism must be the same when the electron is in motion as when it is at rest. But experiment shows that an electron in motion exerts additional forces which are not the same for all directions in space; if we picture this electron as moving head-foremost through space, these forces surround it like a belt around its waist.
Thus direct experimental evidence shows that the forces exerted by an electron (or... any charged body) can neither be attributed to any mechanism attached to the body, nor through action transmitted through an ether or any medium surrounding the body. We have a perfect specification of the pattern of events written... in the language of mathematics, but this does not admit of interpretation in mechanical terms, or indeed in any terms other than those of mathematics.
Sir James Jeans, Physics and Philosophy (1942) pp. 121-122
We will always have STEM with us. Some things will drop out of the public eye and will go away, but there will always be science, engineering and technology. And there will always, always be mathematics. Everything is physics and math.
Katherine Johnson, "Katherine Johnson: A Lifetime of STEM" (2013)
I maintain that in every special natural doctrine only so much science proper is to be met with as mathematics; for... science proper, especially of nature, requires a pure portion, lying at the foundation of the empirical, and based upon à priori knowledge of natural things. ...the conception should be constructed. But the cognition of the reason through construction of conceptions is mathematical. A pure philosophy of nature in general, namely, one that only investigates what constitutes a nature in general, may thus be possible without mathematics; but a pure doctrine of nature respecting determinate natural things (corporeal doctrine and mental doctrine), is only possible by means of mathematics; and as in every natural doctrine only so much science proper is to be met with therein as there is cognition à priori, a doctrine of nature can only contain so much science proper as there is in it of applied mathematics.
Immanuel Kant, Preface, The Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science (1786) Tr. Ernest Belfort Bax (1883)
The science of mathematics presents the most brilliant example of how pure reason may successfully enlarge its domain without the aid of experience.
Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason (1781) Tr. Max Müller (1881) p. 610.
Those who thought they could distinguish philosophy from mathematics by saying that the former was concerned with quality only, the latter with quantity only, mistook effect for cause. It is owing to the form of mathematical knowledge that it can refer to quanta only, because it is only the concept of quantities that admits of construction, that is, of a priori representation in intuition, while qualities cannot be represented in any but empirical intuition.
There is a familiar formula—perhaps the most compact and famous of all formulas—developed by Euler from a discovery of De Moivre: eiπ + 1 = 0. ...It appeals equally to the mystic, the scientist, the philosopher, the mathematician.
Edward Kasner, James R. Newman, Mathematics and the Imagination (1940)
My earliest mathematical memory is my father explaining to me the theorem that three angles in a triangle add up to 180 degrees. The idea that something could be proved to be always true was very appealing to me.
Frances Kirwan, Women in Mathematics Throughout Europe. A Gallery of Portraits (2016)
Mathematics in general is fundamentally the science of self-evident things.
Felix Klein, Anwendung der Differential-und Integralrechnung auf Geometrie (1920) p. 26, as quoted by Robert Edouard Moritz, Memorabilia Mathematica or The Philomath's Quotation-Book (1914)
It is impossible, and it has always been impossible, to grasp the meaning of what we nowadays call physics independently of its mathematical form.
Jacob Klein, Greek Mathematical Thought and the Origin of Algebra (1968)
There is no doubt... that mathematicians are generally overzealous about conciseness, and in their passion for brevity indulge in symbols even where these seem no better than a familiar English word or phrase. A faulty judgement has caused mathematicians to equate elegance and conciseness at the cost of intelligibility.
Morris Kline, Mathematics and the Physical World (1959)
Electromagnetic theory is entirely a mathematical theory illustrated by a few crude physical pictures. These pictures are no more than the clothes that dress up the body of mathematics and make it appear presentable in the society of sciences. ...Though he [James Clerk Maxwell] had tried desperately to build a physical account of electromagnetic phenomena, in his classic Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism he omitted most of this material and emphasized the highly polished, complex mathematical theory. ...Radio waves and light waves operate in a physical darkness illuminated only for those who would carry the torch of mathematics.
Morris Kline, Mathematics and the Physical World (1959) pp. 360-361
One of the curious things about mathematics that clearly emerges... is that mathematics which is concerned with reasoning nevertheless creates processes which can be applied almost mechanically, that is, without reasoning. The thinking is, so to speak, mechanized and this mechanization enables us to solve complicated problems in no time. We think up processes so that we don't have to think.
Morris Kline, Mathematics for the Nonmathematician (1967) p. 118.
It is impossible to be a mathematician without being a poet in soul.
Sofia Kovalevskaya, "Sónya Kovalévsky: Her Recollections of Childhood", translated by Isabel F. Hapgood (1895), 316.
There is no mathematical substitute for philosophy.
Saul Kripke, "Is There a Problem About Substitutional Quantification?" In Gareth Evans & John McDowell (eds.), Truth and Meaning (1976) pp. 324-419.
It is a well-known experience that the only truly enjoyable and profitable way of studying mathematics is the method of "filling in details" by one's own efforts.
Cornelius Lanczos, Applied Analysis, Prentice-Hall, 1956.
There is a temptingly simple explanation for the fact that science is mathematical in nature: it is because we give the name of science to those areas of intellectual inquiry that yield to mathematical analysis. ...Science ...deals with precisely those subjects amenable to quantitative analysis, and that is why mathematics is the appropriate language... The puzzle becomes a tautology: mathematics is the language of science because we reserve the name "science" for anything that mathematics can handle. If it's not mathematical, to some degree at least, it isn't really science.
David Lindley, The End of Physics: The Myth of a Unified Theory (1993) p. 4.
Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky, as quoted in George Edward Martin, The Foundations of Geometry and the Non-Euclidean Plane, Springer (1998 [1975]), p. 225; also in Stanley Gudder, A Mathematical Journey, McGraw-Hill (1976), p. 36.
You should not choose to do mathematics if you want to make money; your salary as a mathematician will never correspond to the amount of time and energy invested in your work.
Margarida Mendes Lopes, Women in Mathematics Throughout Europe. A Gallery of Portraits (2016)
You know I always have so many metaphysical enquiries & speculations which intrude themselves, that I never am really satisfied that I understand anything; because, understand it as well as I may, my comprehension can only be an infinitesimal fraction of all I want to understand about the many connexions & relations which occur to me, how the matter in question was first thought of or arrived at, &c., &c.
Ada Lovelace, letter to Augustus De Morgan, written on 6 Feb. 1841.
I have not in every case been able to avoid the use of the abbreviated and precise terminology of mathematics. To do so would have been to sacrifice matter to form; for the language of everyday life has not yet grown to be sufficiently accurate for the purposes of so exact a science as mechanics.
Ernst Mach, Preface to the 1st edition, The Science of Mechanics: A Critical and Historical Account of Its Development (1893) p. viii, Tr. Thomas J. McCormack.
Think of it: of the infinity of real numbers, those that are most important to mathematics—0, 1, √2, e and π—are located within less than four units on the number line. A remarkable coincidence? A mere detail in the Creator's grand design? I let the reader decide.
Eli Maor, e: The Story of a Number (1994)
One of the best ways to sharpen your brain, and to develop intelligence, is to study mathematics. It challenges and strengthens your mind in a way that very few other things do. It’s like going to the gym -- but for your brain!
Danica McKellar, "Maths Doesn't Suck: How to survive year 6 through year 9 maths without losing your mind or breaking a nail" (2010).
Euclid alone has looked on Beauty bare.
Edna St. Vincent Millay, "Euclid alone has looked on Beauty bare", published in American Poetry 1922.
There are times when I feel like I'm in a big forest and don't know where I'm going. But then somehow I come to the top of a hill and can see everything more clearly. When that happens, it's really exciting.
Maryam Mirzakhani, "PopSci's Fourth Annual Brilliant 10" (2005).
I like crossing the imaginary boundaries people set up between different fields—it's very refreshing. There are lots of tools, and you don't know which one would work. It's about being optimistic and trying to connect things.
Maryam Mirzakhani, "A Tenacious Explorer of Abstract Surfaces", Quanta Magazine (2014).
One should not be deceived by philosophical works that pretend to be mathematical, but are merely dubious and murky metaphysics. Just because a philosopher can recite the words lemma, theorem and corollary doesn't mean that his work has the certainty of mathematics. That certainty does not derive from big words, or even from the method used by geometers, but rather from the utter simplicity of the objects considered by mathematics.
Pierre Louis Maupertuis, Les Loix du Mouvement et du Repos, déduites d'un Principe Métaphysique (1746)
Mathematicians may flatter themselves that they possess new ideas which mere human language is yet unable to express. Let them make the effort to express these ideas in appropriate words without the aid of symbols, and if they succeed they will not only lay us laymen under a lasting obligation, but we venture to say, they will find themselves very much enlightened during the process, and will even be doubtful whether the ideas as expressed in symbols had ever quite found their way out of the equations of their minds.
James Clerk Maxwell, "Thomson & Tait's Natural Philosophy" in Nature, Vol. 7 (Mar. 27, 1873) A review of Elements of Natural Philosophy [2] (1873) by Sir W. Thomson, P. G. Tait. See Nature, Vol. 7-8, Nov. 1872-Oct. 1873, pp. 399-400, or The Scientific Papers of James Clerk Maxwell, p. 328.
Theorems often tell us complex truths about the simple things, but only rarely tell us simple truths about the complex ones. To believe otherwise is wishful thinking or "mathematics envy."
Marvin Minsky, "Music, Mind, and Meaning" (1981).
The thorough analysis of even simple problems in arithmetic may require the application of advanced mathematics.
Lloyd Motz & Jefferson Hane Weaver, Conquering Mathematics: From Arithmetic to Calculus (1991)
Mathematics is good for the soul, getting things right enlivens a sense of truth, efforts to understand automatically purify desires.
Iris Murdoch, Metaphysics As A Guide To Morals, p. 178.
Mathematics is the source of a wicked intellect that, while making man the lord of the earth, also makes him the slave of the machine.
Robert Musil, The Man Without Qualities.
Mathematics is the bold luxury of pure reason, one of the few that remain today.
Robert Musil, “Mathematical man” (1913).
In their field they [mathematicians] do what we ought to be doing in ours. Therein lies the significant lesson … of their existence. They are an analogy for the intellectual of the future.
Wer ein mathematisches Buch nicht mit Andacht ergreift, und es wie Gottes-Wort liest, der versteht es nicht.
Whoever seizes a mathematical book without devotion, whoever does not read it as if it were God's word, doesn't understand it.
Novalis, Fragmente vermischten Inhalts.
O-PEdit
[Mathematics is] the science that draws necessary conclusions.
Benjamin Peirce, "Linear Associative Algebra", American Journal of Mathematics, Vol. 4, No. 1/4 (1881).
You cannot read mathematics superficially; the inescapable abstraction always has an element of self-torture in it, and the one to whom this self-torture is joy is the mathematician.
Rózsa Péter, "Playing with Infinity: Mathematical Explorations and Excursions" p. xiii (1976).
Our epoch is the epoch of increasing consciousness; in this field Mathematics has done its bit. It has made us conscious of the limits of its own capabilities.
Rózsa Péter, "Playing with Infinity: Mathematical Explorations and Excursions" p. 264 (1976).
In the early 1900s, a great mathematician was expected to comprehend the whole of known mathematics. Mathematics was a shallow pool. Today the mathematical waters have grown so deep that a great mathematician can know only about 5% of the entire corpus. What will the future of mathematics be as specialized mathematicians know more and more about less and less until they know everything about nothing?
Clifford A. Pickover, The Loom of God (2009)
[...] I who do not even dare to say, when one is added to one, whether the one to which the addition was made has become two, or the one which was added, or the one which was added and the one to which it was added became two by the addition of each to the other. I think it is wonderful that when each of them was separate from the other, each was one and they were not then two, and when they were brought near each other this juxtaposition was the cause of their becoming two. And I cannot yet believe that if one is divided, the division causes it to become two; for this is the opposite of the cause which produced two in the former case; for then two arose because one was brought near and added to another one, and now because one is removed and separated from other. And I no longer believe that I know by this method even how one is generated or, in a word, how anything is generated or is destroyed or exists, and I no longer admit this method, but have another confused way of my own.
Socrates in Plato's Phaedo, translated by Harold North Fowler (1966)
Mathematicians do not study objects, but the relations between objects; to them it is a matter of indifference if these objects are replaced by others, provided that the relations do not change. Matter does not engage their attention, they are interested in form alone.
Henri Poincaré, Science and Hypothesis (1901)
What we call objective reality is, in the last analysis, what is common to many thinking beings, and could be common to all; this common part, we shall see, can only be the harmony expressed by mathematical laws. It is this harmony then which is the sole objective reality, the only truth we can attain; and when I add that the universal harmony of the world is the source of all beauty, it will be understood what price we should attach to the slow and difficult progress which little by little enables us to know it better.
Henri Poincaré, The Value of Science (1905) Tr. George Bruce Halsted, p. 14
Mathematics have a triple aim. They must furnish an instrument for the study of nature. But that is not all: they have a philosophic aim and, I dare maintain, an esthetic aim. They must aid the philosopher to fathom the notions of number, of space, of time. And above all, their adepts find therein delights analogous to those given by painting and music. They admire the delicate harmony of numbers and forms; they marvel when a new discovery opens to them an unexpected perspective; and has not the joy they thus feel the esthetic character, even though the senses take no part therein? Only a privileged few are called to enjoy it fully, it is true, but is not this the case for all the noblest arts?
This is why I do not hesitate to say that mathematics deserve to be cultivated for their own sake, and the theories inapplicable to physics as well as the others. Even if the physical aim and the esthetic aim were not united, we ought not to sacrifice either.
Henri Poincaré, The Value of Science (1905) Tr. George Bruce Halsted pp. 75-76
You're not supposed to have equations in a public lecture, so think of this as a piece of art.
Joseph Polchinski, introducing the Dirac equation as improvement upon the Schrödinger equation in "Space-time versus the Quantum" (November 25, 2014) 59th Annual Faculty Research Lecture, University of California, Santa Barbara
Number is the ruler of forms and ideas, and the cause of gods and daemons.
Pythagoras, as quoted in Life of Pythagoras (c. 300) by Iamblichus of Chalcis, as translated by Thomas Taylor (1818).
Number rules the universe.
As quoted in Desmond MacHale, Comic Sections (1993).
There is geometry in the humming of the strings, there is music in the spacing of the spheres.
Pythagoras, as quoted in The Mystery of Matter (1965) edited by Louise B. Young
The more advanced the sciences have become, the more they have tended to enter the domain of mathematics, which is a sort of center towards which they converge. We can judge of the perfection to which a science has come by the facility, more or less great, with which it may be approached by calculation.
Adolphe Quetelet (ca. 1825-1826) as quoted by Frank H. Hankins, "Adolphe Quetelet as Statistician" in Studies in History Economics and Public Law (1908) Vol. 31 p. 443
An equation means nothing to me unless it expresses a thought of God.
S. Ramanujan in **Quotations by 60 Greatest Indians. Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology. Retrieved on 27 November 2013.
I used to fear I was not made for mathematics and would look for people to tell me I was on the right track. You need to develop a personal conviction that you are a mathematician, and that what you are doing makes sense.
Katarzyna Rejzner, Women in Mathematics Throughout Europe. A Gallery of Portraits (2016)
Mathematics has the dubious honor of being the least popular subject in the curriculum … Future teachers pass through the elementary schools learning to detest mathematics. They drop it in high school as early as possible. They avoid it in teachers' colleges because it is not required. They return to the elementary school to teach a new generation to detest it.
Report of the Educational Testing Service, Princeton, N. J., as quoted in TIME magazine (18 June 1956), cited by George Pólya, How to Solve It, Page ix in Expanded Princeton Science Library Edition (2004), ISBN 0-691-11966-X
By all accounts mathematics is mankind’s most successful intellectual undertaking. Every problem of mathematics gets solved, sooner or later. Once solved, a mathematical problem is forever finished: no later event will disprove a correct solution. As mathematics progresses, problems that were difficult become easy and can be assigned to schoolchildren.Thus Euclidean geometry is taught in the second year of high school. Similarly, the mathematics learned by my generation in graduate school is now taught at the undergraduate level, and perhaps in the not too distant future, in the high schools. Not only is every mathematical problem solved, but eventually every mathematical problem is proved trivial. The quest for ultimate triviality is characteristic of the mathematical enterprise.
Gian-Carlo Rota, "The Pernicious Influence of Mathematics upon Philosophy" 18 Unconventional Essays on the Nature of Mathematics (2006) p. 223, ed. Reuben Hersh.
Extension and abstraction without apparent direction or purpose is fundamental to the discipline. Applicability is not the reason we work, and plenty that is not applicable contributes to the beauty and magnificence of our subject.
Peter Rowlett, "The unplanned impact of mathematics", Nature 475, 2011, pp. 166-169.
Trying to solve real-world problems, researchers often discover that the tools they need were developed years, decades or even centuries earlier by mathematicians with no prospect of, or care for, applicability.
There is no way to guarantee in advance what pure mathematics will later find application. We can only let the process of curiosity and abstraction take place, let mathematicians obsessively take results to their logical extremes, leaving relevance far behind, and wait to see which topics turn out to be extremely useful. If not, when the challenges of the future arrive, we won’t have the right piece of seemingly pointless mathematics to hand.
Mathematics is obviously something that women should be able to do very well. It's very intuitive. You don't need a lot of machinery, and you don't need a lot of physical strength. You just need stamina, and women often have a great deal of stamina.
Mary Ellen Rudin, D. Albers, G. Alexanderson and C. Reid, "More Mathematical People: Contemporary Conversations" p.301 (1990).
Pure mathematics consists entirely of assertions to the effect that, if such and such a proposition is true of anything, then such and such another proposition is true of that thing. It is essential not to discuss whether the first proposition is really true, and not to mention what the anything is, of which it is supposed to be true … If our hypothesis is about anything, and not about some one or more particular things, then our deductions constitute mathematics. Thus mathematics may be defined as the subject in which we never know what we are talking about, nor whether what we are saying is true. People who have been puzzled by the beginnings of mathematics will, I hope, find comfort in this definition, and will probably agree that it is accurate.
Bertrand Russell, Recent Work on the Principles of Mathematics, published in International Monthly, vol. 4 (1901).
It seems to me now that mathematics is capable of an artistic excellence as great as that of any music, perhaps greater; not because the pleasure it gives (although very pure) is comparable, either in intensity or in the number of people who feel it, to that of music, but because it gives in absolute perfection that combination, characteristic of great art, of godlike freedom, with the sense of inevitable destiny; because, in fact, it constructs an ideal world where everything is perfect and yet true.
Bertrand Russell, in a letter to Gilbert Murray, April 3, 1902.
Mathematics, rightly viewed, possesses not only truth, but supreme beauty —a beauty cold and austere, like that of sculpture, without appeal to any part of our weaker nature, without the gorgeous trappings of painting or music, yet sublimely pure, and capable of a stern perfection such as only the greatest art can show. The true spirit of delight, the exaltation, the sense of being more than Man, which is the touchstone of the highest excellence, is to be found in mathematics as surely as poetry.
Bertrand Russell, Study of Mathematics (1902)
Mathematics takes us still further from what is human, into the region of absolute necessity, to which not only the world, but every possible world, must conform.
Bertrand Russell, Study of Mathematics (1902).
Pure Mathematics is the class of all propositions of the form “p implies q,” where p and q are propositions containing one or more variables, the same in the two propositions, and neither p nor q contains any constants except logical constants. And logical constants are all notions definable in terms of the following: Implication, the relation of a term to a class of which it is a member, the notion of such that, the notion of relation, and such further notions as may be involved in the general notion of propositions of the above form. In addition to these, mathematics uses a notion which is not a constituent of the propositions which it considers, namely the notion of truth.
Bertrand Russell, Principles of Mathematics (1903), Ch. I: Definition of Pure Mathematics, p. 3.
The fact that all Mathematics is Symbolic Logic is one of the greatest discoveries of our age; and when this fact has been established, the remainder of the principles of mathematics consists in the analysis of Symbolic Logic itself.
I like mathematics because it is not human and has nothing particular to do with this planet or with the whole accidental universe – because, like Spinoza's God, it won't love us in return.
Bertrand Russell, in a letter to Lady Ottoline Morrell, March, 1912, as quoted in Gaither's Dictionary of Scientific Quotations (2012), p. 1318.
Ordinary language is totally unsuited for expressing what physics really asserts, since the words of everyday life are not sufficiently abstract. Only mathematics and mathematical logic can say as little as the physicist means to say.
Bertrand Russell, The Scientific Outlook (1931).
In universities, mathematics is taught mainly to men who are going to teach mathematics to men who are going to teach mathematics to.... Sometimes, it is true, there is an escape from this treadmill. Archimedes used mathematics to kill Romans, Galileo to improve the Grand Duke of Tuscany's artillery, modern physicists (grown more ambitious) to exterminate the human race. It is usually on this account that the study of mathematics is commended to the general public as worthy of State support.
Bertrand Russell, Human Society in Ethics and Politics (1954), p. 54.
You cannot be cheated, you cannot be lied to. A thing is true or not true, and there is this notion of clarity on which you can base yourself.
Sylvia SerfatyThe Beauty of Mathematics: It Can Never Lie to You. Archived from the original on 2017-07-16. Retrieved on 2018-05-12.
It’s really beautiful to observe, as you progress in your mathematical maturity, how everything is somehow connected.
10 50 {\displaystyle 10^{50}}
is a long way from infinity.
Daniel Shanks, Solved and Unsolved Problems in Number Theory, 3rd edition, chapter IV, page 217.
Computer calculation even up to a big number can't really say much about asymptotic behaviour.
There is a wide distinction between the degree of mathematical acquirement necessary for making discoveries, and that which is requisite for understanding what other have done.
Mary Somerville, "The Connection of the Physical Sciences (9th edition), Introduction (pp. 2-3)" (year).
I discovered the works of Euler and my perception of the nature of mathematics underwent a dramatic transformation. I was de-Bourbakized, stopped believing in sets, and was expelled from the Cantorian paradise. I still believe in abstraction, but now I know that one ends with abstraction, not starts with it. I learned that one has to adapt abstractions to reality and not the other way around. Mathematics stopped being a science of theories but reappeared to me as a science of numbers and shapes.
Alexander Stepanov, Bjarne Stroustrup: Evolving a language in and for the real world: C++ 1991-2006. ACM HOPL-III. June 2007.. Archived from the original on 2007-11-20. Retrieved on 2008-04-25..
It doesn't matter what mathematical things are: it's what they do that counts. Thus mathematics hovers uneasily between the real and the not-real; its meaning does not reside in formal abstractions, but neither is it tangible. ...it is the great strength of mathematics—what I have elsewhere called its "unreal reality." Mathematics links the abstract world of mental concepts to the real world of physical things without being located in completely in either.
Ian Stewart, Preface to second edition of What is Mathematics? by Richard Courant and Herbert Robbins, revised by Ian Stewart (1996)
So, nat'ralists observe, a flea
Hath smaller fleas that on him prey,
And these have smaller still to bite 'em
And so proceed ad infinitum.
Jonathan Swift, On Poetry: A Rhapsody
Adapted in:
Big whirls have little whirls,
That feed on their velocity;
And little whirls have lesser whirls,
And so on to viscosity.
Lewis Fry Richardson, Weather Prediction by Numerical Process (1922)
Researchers of the brain believe that mathematical truths make little sense to our mind, particularly..the examination of random outcomes.
Nassim Nicholas Taleb, Fooled by Randomness: The Hidden Role of Chance in Life and in the Markets (2001) Two: A Bizarre Accounting Method — George Will is No Solon: On Counterintuitive Truths — Humiliated in Debates.
Mathematics is principally a tool to meditate, rather than to compute.
Nassim Nicholas Taleb, Fooled by Randomness: The Hidden Role of Chance in Life and in the Markets (2001) Three: A Mathematical Meditation on History — Europlayboy Mathematics.
If a mathematician wishes to disparage the work of one of his colleagues, say, A, the most effective method he finds for doing this is to ask where the results can be applied. The hard pressed man, with his back against the wall, finally unearths the researches of another mathematician B as the locus of the application of his own results. If next B is plagued with a similar question, he will refer to another mathematician C. After a few steps of this kind we find ourselves referred back to the researches of A, and in this way the chain closes.
Alfred Tarski, "The Semantic Conception of Truth" (1952) reprinted in Semantics and the Philosophy of Language (1952) ed., L. Linsky.
The subject matter of mathematics has increased so rapidly and extensively that there is some element of truth in maintaining that mathematics is not so much a subject as a way of studying any subject, not so much a science as a way of life.
George Frederick James Temple, 100 Years of Mathematics: a Personal Viewpoint (1981)
Today's scientists have substituted mathematics for experiments, and they wander off through equation after equation, and eventually build a structure which has no relation to reality.
Nikola Tesla, "Radio Power Will Revolutionize the World", in Modern Mechanics and Inventions (July 1934)
One occasionally hears the question, is mathematics invented or discovered?—or an answer. As David Wells points out... both answers... are appropriate. Once a game is invented, the consequences are discovered... as it would require a divine intelligence to know just from the rules how a complex game could best be played. When in practice rules are changed, one makes adjustments that will not alter the consequences too dramatically. Analogously, axioms are usually only adjusted and the altered consequences discovered.
Robert Spencer David Thomas, "Mathematics is Not a Game But..." (January, 2009) The Mathematical Intelligencer Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 4-8. Also published in The Best Writing on Mathematics 2010 (2011) pp. 79-88.
I often say that when you can measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it; but when you cannot measure it, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meagre and unsatisfactory kind; it may be the beginning of knowledge, but you have scarcely, in your thoughts, advanced to the stage of science, whatever the matter may be.
William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), Lecture on "Electrical Units of Measurement" (3 May 1883), published in Popular Lectures Vol. I, p. 73 (1889)
Mathematics is the only true metaphysics.
William Thomson, as quoted by Silvanus Phillips Thompson, The Life of William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs (1910) Vol. 2, p. 1124
Mathematical reasoning may be regarded rather schematically as the exercise of a combination of... intuition and ingenuity. The activity of the intuition consists in making spontaneous judgements which are not the result of conscious trains of reasoning... The exercise of ingenuity in mathematics consists in aiding the intuition through suitable arrangements of propositions, and perhaps geometrical figures or drawings. ...We are leaving out of account that most important faculty which distinguishes topics of interest from others; in fact, we are regarding the function of the mathematician as simply to determine the truth or falsity of propositions.
Alan Turing, "Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals" (1938) in Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society (1939) Series 2, Vol. 45
The mathematicians know a great deal about very little and the physicists very little about a great deal.
Stanislaw Ulam, On the Ergodic Behavior of Dynamical Systems (LA-2055, May 10, 1955) in Stanisław Marcin Ulam (1990). Analogies between Analogies, The Mathematical Reports of S.M. Ulam and His Los Alamos Collaborators. University of California Press.
In many cases, mathematics is an escape from reality. The mathematician finds his own monastic niche and happiness in pursuits that are disconnected from external affairs. Some practice it as if using a drug. Chess sometimes plays a similar role. In their unhappiness over the events of this world, some immerse themselves in a kind of self-sufficiency in mathematics. (Some have engaged in it for this reason alone.)
Stanislaw Ulam, Adventures of a Mathematician (3rd ed, 1991), ch. 6, "Transition And Crisis", p. 120
The Koch Curve - Triangles outside triangles outside triangles ad infinitum the Koch curve goes, it's infinitely infinitesimal, this self-similarity shows. A length too long to measure, an area too small to see, what else can this contradiction be, behold fractal geometry.
Bernt Wahl, The Adventures of the Fractal Explorer, about the beauty of Fractal Geometry.
It is but right... to apprise you that, diffident of my own decision, the favorable opinion I favor of your performance is founded rather on the explicit and ample testimonies of Gentlemen confessedly possessed of great mathematical knowledge, than on the partial and incompetent attention I have been able to pay to it myself.—But I must be permitted to remark that the subject, in my estimation, holds a higher rank in the literary scale than you are disposed to allow.—The science of figures, to a certain degree, is not only indispensably requisite in every walk of civilised life; but investigation of mathematical truths accustoms the mind to method and correctness in reasoning, and is an employment peculiarly worthy of rational beings. In a clouded state of existence, where so many things appear precarious to the bewildered research, it is here that the rational faculties find a firm foundation to rest upon. From the high ground of mathematical and philosophical demonstration, we are insensibly led to far nobler speculations and sublimer meditations.
George Washington, Letter to Nicholas Pike (June 20, 1788) responding to Pike's 1788 edition of The New Complete System of Arithmetic: Composed for the Use of the Citizens of the United States, first published in the American Bookmaker (Apr, 1888) and as quoted in "Pike's Arithmetic," The American Stationer (April 19, 1888) Vol. 23, p.803.
I enjoy being surprised by mathematics and its intrinsic difficulty. The moment I enjoy best is when the pieces of the puzzle fall into one coherent whole.
Katrin Wendland, Women in Mathematics Throughout Europe. A Gallery of Portraits (2016)
[A]ll science as it grows towards perfection becomes mathematical in its ideas.
Alfred North Whitehead, An Introduction to Mathematics (1911) Ch.1, p. 14.
By relieving the brain of all unnecessary work, a good notation sets it free to concentrate on more advanced problems, and in effect increases... mental power... Probably nothing in the modern world would have more astonished a Greek mathematician than to learn that, under the influence of compulsory education, the whole population of Western Europe, from the highest to the lowest, could perform the operation of division for the largest numbers. This fact would have seemed to him a sheer impossibility.
Alfred North Whitehead, An Introduction to Mathematics (1911) Ch. 5, p. 59.
Nothing is more impressive than the fact that as mathematics withdrew increasingly into the upper regions of ever greater extremes of abstract thought, it returned back to earth with a corresponding growth of importance for the analysis of concrete fact. ...The paradox is now fully established that the utmost abstractions are the true weapons with which to control our thought of concrete fact.
Alfred North Whitehead, Science and the Modern World (1925)
The only reality mathematical concepts have is as cultural elements or artifacts.
Raymond Louis Wilder, Evolution of mathematical concepts. An Elementary Study (1968)
A mathematician is bound to be horrified by my mathematical comments, since he has always been trained to avoid indulging in thoughts and doubts of the kind I develop. He has learned to regard them as something contemptible and […] he has acquired a revulsion from them as infantile. That is to say, I trot out all the problems that a child learning arithmetic, etc., finds difficult, the problems that education represses without solving. I say to those repressed doubts: you are quite correct, go on asking, demand clarification!
Ludwig Wittgenstein, Philosophical Grammar (1932)
Y-ZEdit
I like to find out as much about a mathematical object as possible, just as you might want to understand a person as well as possible.
Oksana Yakimova, Women in Mathematics Throughout Europe. A Gallery of Portraits (2016)
Math is perfect (in principle), but mathematicians are not (because they are humans), hence the mathematics that (human) mathematicians do is influenced by the weltanschauung of the people around them.
Doron Zeilberger "Computerized Deconstruction". Appeared in Adv. Appl. Math. v. 31 (2003), 532-543.
Quotes that mention mathematicsEdit
A'-C'Edit
Prometheus: ...
List rather to the deeds
I did for mortals; how being fools before,
I made them wise and true in aim of soul. ...
But teaching you the intention of my gifts,
How first beholding, they beheld in vain,
And hearing, heard not, but, like shapes in dreams,
Mixed all things wildly down the tedious time,
Nor knew to build a house against the sun...
But lived like silly ants, beneath the ground
In hollow caves unsunned. There, came to them
No steadfast sign of winter, nor of spring...
But blindly and lawlessly they did all things,
Until I taught them how the stars do rise
And set in mystery, and devised for them
Number, the inducer of philosophies,
The synthesis of Letters, and, beside,
The artificer of all things, Memory,
That sweet Muse-mother.
Aeschylus (or by his son Euphorion), Prometheus bound (ca. 480-430 BC)
The land of easy mathematics where he who works adds up and he who retires subtracts.
Núria Añó, 2066. Beginning the age of correction.
I can’t help it, gas escapes from my fundament on the least pretext, it’s hard not to mention it now and then, however great my distaste. One day I counted them. Three hundred and fifteen farts in nineteen hours, or an average of over sixteen farts an hour. After all it’s not excessive. Four farts every fifteen minutes. It’s nothing. Not even one fart every four minutes. It’s unbelievable. Damn it, I hardly fart at all, I should never have mentioned it. Extraordinary how mathematics help you to know yourself.
Samuel Beckett, Molloy.
They who study mathematiks only to fix their minds, and render them the steadyer to apply to all other things, as there are many who profess to do, are as wise as those who think by rowing boats, to learn to swim.
Samuel Butler, Prose Observations (Oxford: 1979), p. 4.
Mathematical development in England was at a low ebb in the early decades of the nineteenth century, with Cambridge stagnating in the shadow of Newton, who had produced his mathematics nearly a century and a half earlier. This dead hand of tradition, which stifled much initiative and originality, was in sharp contrast to the situation in France.
D. Mary Cannell, "George Green Mathematician and Physicist 1793-1841: The background to his life and work" p. xxviii (second edition, 2001).
Yeah, Silver and his math are jokes, because math has a liberal bias. After all, math is the reason Mitt Romney's tax plan doesn't add up.
Stephen Colbert, The Colbert Report (2012-11-05)[3]
I was an atheist, finding no reason to postulate the existence of any truths outside of mathematics, physics and chemistry. But then I went to medical school, and encountered life and death issues at the bedsides of my patients. Challenged by one of those patients, who asked "What do you believe, doctor?", I began searching for answers.
Francis Collins, a geneticist who led the U.S. government’s effort to decipher the human genome (DNA). cnn.com
D'-L'Edit
In the pure mathematics, we contemplate absolute truths, which existed in the Divine Mind before the morning stars sang together, and which will continue to exist there, when the last of their radiant host shall have fallen from heaven.
Edward Everett (ca. 1850) as quoted by Eric Temple Bell, Mathematics, Queen and Servant of Science (1952) p. 21.
A man with all the algebra in the world is often only an ass when he knows nothing else. Perhaps in ten years society may derive advantage from the curves which these visionary algebraists will have laboriously squared. I congratulate posterity beforehand. But to tell you the truth I see nothing but a scientific extravagance in all these calculations. That which is neither useful nor agreeable is worthless. And as for useful things, they have all been discovered; and to those which are agreeable, I hope that good taste will not admit algebra among them.
Frederick the Great, Letters of Voltaire and Frederick the Great (New York: Brentano's, 1927), transl. Richard Aldington, letter 93 from Frederick to Voltaire, 16 May 1749.
As to your Newton, I confess I do not understand his void and his gravity; I admit he has demonstrated the movement of the heavenly bodies with more exactitude than his forerunners; but you will admit it is an absurdity to maintain the existence of Nothing.
Frederick the Great, Letters of Voltaire and Frederick the Great (New York: Brentano's, 1927), transl. Richard Aldington, letter 221 from Frederick to Voltaire, 25 November 1777.
Euler calculated the force of the wheels necessary to raise the water in a reservoir … My mill was carried out geometrically and could not raise a drop of water fifty yards from the reservoir. Vanity of vanities! Vanity of geometry!
Measuring is one of the more practical uses of mathematics, but the ability and desire to measure aren't always wrapped up with the need to know useful answers.
Kitty Ferguson, Measuring the Universe: Our Historic Quest to Chart the Horizons of, Space and Time, Prologue (p. 3), Walker & Company. (1999)
Letting numbers take us where we can't go in person — whether that's to the top of a windmill or to the origin and borders of the universe — has been and still is one of humankind's favorite intellectual adventures.
The Devil: Okay, boys...tonight's homework. Algebra. Xn + Yn = Zn. You're never gonna use that, are you? Imperialism and the First World War. What was done is done. No point thinking about it now. German, French, Spanish. Ja, ja, oui, oui, s, s. It's nonsense. Everyone speaks English anyway. And if they don't, they ought to. So, no homework tonight. But I want you to watch a lot of TV, don't neglect your video games...and I'll see you in the morning. Shall we say 10:00, 10:30? No point in getting up too early.
Larry Gelbart, Harold Ramis and Peter Tolan, Bedazzled (2000 film)
Mathematics is really a liberal art if you look at it from a slightly different point of view.
Steve Jobs, Steve Jobs Lost Interview - A must watch for any entrepeneur (1990)
The mathematical genius can only carry on from the point which mathematical knowledge within his culture has already reached. Thus if Einstein had been born into a primitive tribe which was unable to count beyond three, life-long application to mathematics probably would not have carried him beyond the development of a decimal system based on fingers and toes.
Ralph Linton, The Study of Man (1936)
M'-Z'Edit
So far, all of reality seems to be described by exquisite, elegant mathematical equations. We can’t stop now – it’s got to be beautiful all the way down!
Katie Mack, PhD Comic with attribution of quote at @astrokatie on twitter
Poetry is a sort of inspired mathematics, which gives us equations, not for abstract figures, triangles, squares, and the like, but for the human emotions. If one has a mind which inclines to magic rather than science, one will prefer to speak of these equations as spells or incantations; it sounds more arcane, mysterious, recondite.
Ezra Pound, The Spirit of Romance (1910), p. 5
Halakhic man, well furnished with rules, judgments, and fundamental principles, draws near the world with an a priori relation. His approach begins with an ideal creation and concludes with a real one. To whom may he be compared? To a mathematician who fashions an ideal world and then uses it for the purpose of establishing a relationship between it and the real world. ... The essence of the Halakhah, which was received from God, consists in creating an ideal world and cognizing the relationship between that ideal world and our concrete environment.
Joseph B. Soloveitchik, Halakhic Man (1983), p. 19
Mathematics is a versatile art; it can be applied to widely different purposes. Math has no morality; it does not care what it counts or what it proves.
Brian Stableford, Ashes and Tombstones, in Peter Crowther (ed.) Moon Shots (1999), reprinted in David G. Hartwell (ed.) Year's Best SF 5 (2000), p. 412
I had been to school most all the time and could spell and read and write just a little, and could say the multiplication table up to six times seven is thirty-five, and I don't reckon I could ever get any further than that if I was to live forever. I don't take no stock in mathematics anyway.
Mark Twain as Huckleberry Finn, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885)
School children and students who love God should never say: “For my part I like mathematics”; “I like French”; “I like Greek.” They should learn to like all these subjects, because all of them develop that faculty of attention which, directed toward God, is the very substance of prayer.
Simone Weil, Waiting for God (1951), p. 105.
The number 2 thought of by one man cannot be added to the number 2 thought of by another man so us to make up the number 4.
Simone Weil, Oppression and Liberty (1958), p. 82
MisattributedEdit
The good Christian should beware of mathematicians, and all those who make empty prophesies. The danger already exists that the mathematicians have made a covenant with the devil to darken the spirit and to confine man in the bonds of Hell.
Misattributed to Augustine of Hippo. This is a very bad mistranslation of De genesi ad litteram libri XII, book 2, 17.37. 'Mathematici' in Latin means astrologers, not mathematicians, and the book makes repeated attacks on astrology. The text really reads: For which reason both astrologers and those impiously making divinings, as the truth says emphatically, must be avoided by the good Christian, lest after making a pact of agreement they entangle their soul in a hidden partnership with demons.
History of logarithms
Mathematical induction
Look up mathematics in Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Mathematics Quotes at Convergence
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People plucked from rooftops as Indian floods kill 324
People move past a flooded area in Thrissur, in the southern Indian state of Kerala, Friday, Aug. 17, 2018. (AP Photo)
NEW DELHI (AP) — Rescuers used helicopters and boats on Friday to evacuate thousands of people stranded on their rooftops following unprecedented flooding in the southern Indian state of Kerala that killed more than 320 people, officials said.
"Kerala state is facing its worst flood in 100 years," the top state elected official, Pinarayi Vijayan's office tweeted.
With heavy rains stopping after a week, rescuers moved quickly to take those marooned by floods to 1,500 state-run camps. They used more than a dozen helicopters and about 400 boats across the state, relief officials said.
Vijayan told reporters that at least 324 people had died and more than 220,000 had taken refuge in the camps.
Heavy rains over the past eight days triggered flooding, landslides and home and bridge collapses, severely disrupting air and train services in Kerala state, a popular tourist destination with scenic landscapes, waterfalls and beautiful beaches.
The New Delhi Television news channel reported that the state was facing a new crisis with some hospitals facing shortages of oxygen and gas stations running short of fuel.
Monsoon rains kill hundreds of people every year in India. The season runs from June to September.
The monsoon flooding has severely hit 12 of Kerala's 14 districts, with thousands of homes damaged since June. Crops on 32,500 hectares (80,300 acres) of land have also been damaged, the Home Ministry said.
The international airport at Kochi, a major port city, suspended flight operations until Saturday after the runway was flooded. Authorities also asked tourists to stay away from the popular hill station of Munnar in Idukki district because of flooding.
More than 1,000 people have lost their lives in seven states since the start of the monsoon season in June. A total of 407 people have died in Kerala, 190 in Uttar Pradesh, 183 people in West Bengal, 139 in Maharashtra, 52 in Gujarat, 45 in Assam and 11 in Nagaland state, officials and the Press Trust of India news agency reported.
Boats, choppers deployed for rescues in Australia flood
Thinadhoo and Vaadhoo floods in heavy rain
20 evacuees under care of Disaster Management Center
Pakistan's Imran Khan sworn in as prime minister
World News South East Asia Asia India Flooding
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Vietnam clemency speech
Vietnam clemency speech (1974)
by Gerald Ford
related portals: Speeches.
Delivered on 16 September 1974
368063Vietnam clemency speechGerald Ford1974
In my first week as President, I asked the Attorney General and the Secretary of Defense to report to me, after consultation with other Governmental officials and private citizens concerned, on the status of those young Americans who have been convicted, charged, investigated, or are still being sought as draft evaders or military deserters.
On August 19, at the national convention of Veterans of Foreign Wars in the city of Chicago, I announced my intention to give these young people a chance to earn their return to the mainstream of American society so that they can, if they choose, contribute, even though belatedly, to the building and the betterment of our country and the world.
I did this for the simple reason that for American fighting men, the long and divisive war in Vietnam has been over for more than a year, and I was determined then, as now, to do everything in my power to bind up the Nation's wounds.
I promised to throw the weight of my Presidency into the scales of justice on the side of leniency and mercy, but I promised also to work within the existing system of military and civilian law and the precedents set by my predecessors who faced similar postwar situations, among them Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Harry S. Truman.
My objective of making future penalties fit the seriousness of each individual's offense and of mitigating punishment already meted out in a spirit of equity has proved an immensely hard and very complicated matter, even more difficult than I knew it would be.
But the agencies of Government concerned and my own staff have worked with me literally night and day in order to develop fair and orderly procedures and completed their work for my final approval over this last weekend.
I do not want to delay another day in resolving the dilemmas of the past, so that we may all get going on the pressing problems of the present. Therefore, I am today signing the necessary Presidential proclamation and Executive orders that will put this plan into effect.
The program provides for administrative disposition of cases involving draft evaders and military deserters not yet convicted or punished. In such cases, 24 months of alternate service will be required, which may be reduced for mitigating circumstances.
The program also deals with cases of those already convicted by a civilian or military court. For the latter purpose, I am establishing a clemency review board of nine distinguished Americans whose duty it will be to assist me in assuring that the Government's forgiveness is extended to applicable cases of prior conviction as equitably and as impartially as is humanly possible.
The primary purpose of this program is the reconciliation of all our people and the restoration of the essential unity of Americans within which honest differences of opinion do not descend to angry discord and mutual problems are not polarized by excessive passion.
My sincere hope is that this is a constructive step toward a calmer and cooler appreciation of our individual rights and responsibilities and our common purpose as a nation whose future is always more important than its past.
At this point, I will sign the proclamation [4313] that I mentioned in my statement, followed by an Executive order [11803] for the establishment of the Clemency Board, followed by the signing of an Executive order [11804] for the Director of Selective Service, who will have a prime responsibility in the handling of the matters involving alternate service.
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Solar Mission
Northeast region adopts renewable energy to overcome power crisis
A 40-kilowatt solar power plant was recently inaugurated in Assam's Jorhat city with an aim to utilize the energy resources.ANI | February 17, 2017, 19:11 IST
Jorhat (Assam): India's northeast region is endowed with rich natural and energy resources. With an aim to encourage clean energy, northeast has adopted various means of renewable sources to be self-reliant in the energy sector.
A 40-kilowatt solar power plant was recently inaugurated in Assam's Jorhat city with an aim to utilize the energy resources.
In 2015, the then government of Assam sanctioned 50 lakh rupees to encourage solar power generation in the area.
The plant at Don Bosco Higher Secondary School will provide sufficient electricity to the school and neighbouring area.
"We are happy on this occasion of the Bosconite to commission and present the solar power plant project, which has been sanctioned by the then CM of Assam Tarun Gogoi, who has supported this school in establishing a 40 KV solar power plant. Today, Don Bosco Higher Secondary School, Baghchung, Jorhat is the first school in the entire NE to be entirely independently functioning on solar energy," said Father Regi Mani, Principal, Don Bosco Hr. Sec. School, Baghchung, Jorhat.
The North-east region produces surplus power as compare to the demand. However, the surplus energy will be distributed to other parts of the country.
Many solar power plant projects in the northeast are in pipeline, targeting to reach almost every household in the region.
"Many private companies, which are interested in generating solar power, are coming through PPP (Public-Private Partnership) mode and we have also proposed in our budget for the generation of 100 MW solar power. We are preparing for the 100MW in Amguri and Chandrapur after that we are also planning to generate 1 MW at Namrup thermal power plant and we also have plans to do roof top solar (Set-up). We are looking for the wasteland and whenever we get, we will increase the pace of the work with the help of state companies," said Pallab Lochan Das, Power Minister, Assam.
The Central government has been promoting clean energy under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission. It targets deploying 20,000 MW of grid connected solar power by 2022 and is aimed at reducing the cost of solar power generation in the country.
In 2015, Prime Minister Narendra Modi along with French President Francois Hollande launched an International Solar Alliance on the sidelines of the Climate Summit held in Paris.
In January 2016, Prime Minister Narendra Modi and French President Francois Hollande laid the foundation stone for the headquarters of the International Solar Alliance in Gwal Pahari in Haryana.
As India is heading towards renewable based energy, more emphasis is now being given on solar, wind and other clear energy sources.
The Northeastern states will play a major role in the production of clean energy in the country.
Tags : Renewable, Solar Mission, renewable sources, JNNSM, clean energy, Assam
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Yet his writing reached far beyond the borders of the genre. In addition to many novels and stories, he composed a huge philosophical treatise on the relation of human beings and machines, a good deal of pungently argued literary criticism, a volume of reviews of nonexistent books, a stochastic theory of narrative fiction, an experimental detective novel, speculative essays dealing with artificial intelligence, cybernetics, cosmology, genetic engineering, game theory, sociology, and evolution, radio plays and screenplays. Such staggering polymathic curiosity over such a vast range of material, all of it explored with lucidity and charm, gives his writing a unique place on a Venn diagram in which the natural sciences, philosophy, and literature shade into one another with mutually intensifying vividness and fascination.
Paul Grimstad, The New Yorker, January 6, 2019
Stanislaw Lem 1921-2006
Lem is both a polymath and a virtuoso storyteller and stylist. Put them together and they add up to a genius... He has been steadily producing fiction that follows the arcs and depths of his learning and a bewildering labyrinth of moods and attitudes. Like his protagonists, loners virtually to a man, his fiction seems at a distance from the daily cares and passions, and conveys the sense of a mind hovering above the boundaries of the human condition: now mordant, now droll, now arcane, now folksy, now skeptical, now haunted and always paradoxical. Yet his imagination is so powerful and pure that no matter what world he creates it is immediately convincing because of its concreteness and plentitude, the intimacy and authority with which it is occupied... read Lem for yourself. He is a major writer, and one of the deep spirits of our age.
Theodore Solotaroff "The New York Times Book Review"
A Cosmic Adventure of the Mind
Stanislaw Lem: A Cosmic Adventure of the Mind
(by prof. Jerzy Jarzebski)
Lem's youth in Lvov was affluent, peaceful and marked by experiments and search for knowledge - not by cataclysms of life. But these were soon to follow; during the war two armies trundled through the city and under Soviet and German occupation members of the family of a young student of the local Medical Institute became refugees. After the war Lem's family settled in Kraków. His experience was enriched not only by difficult times of war - Lem also had an exceptional mind; in the pre-war pioneer studies of students' IQ he was found to be the most intelligent child in the southern Poland.
Lem tried everything: medical studies, the humanities and natural sciences. His restless mind was unable to concentrate on one discipline; he wanted to understand everything by seeking global philosophical answers encompassing the entire universe along with mysteries of life and mind. The same was true in the case of literature: in the forties Lem wrote classical science fiction, modern fiction, detective stories and poems. Later he wrote mostly science fiction - mainly because the communist censorship left little room for creativity in other fields. Hence Lem "designed future" - first concentrating on the struggle of good and evil (in the form of militarism and greed for goods and power) and later in the form of more complicated models - in order to show the future problems of our civilization.
These problems first dealt with the development of new technologies and their consequences for the "new man" - transformed, seemingly almighty but lost among new possibilities, not knowing how to achieve happiness without loosing his identity. The end of the Stalinist era - which in the socialist world ideologically held back the progress of human thought until 1954 - marked for Lem the beginning of a fascinating intellectual adventure. Lem's Dialogues, a farewell to the oppressive system, were born from the fascination with the prospects of cybernetics formerly banned as a "pseudo-science of the bourgeoisie". Dialogues are a philosophical reflection on the relationship between matter and information, problems of human identity and the communist political system the weaknesses of which Lem analyzed from the point of view of cybernetics. In 1963 Summa technologiae was published, the most famous of his essays, where with astounding perspicacity Lem outlined the future progress of present-day science dominated, just as he predicted, by biotechnology, a rapid development of "thinking machines", construction of virtual environments and virtual reality. A few years later another large essay was published under the title The Philosophy of Chance. Lem discusses the processes of reception of a literary works that lead him to broader concepts such as evolution of life and societies, culture, reason and the entire cosmos. This vision is based on a universal category of chance that allows man to understand the laws governing evolution of the universe - and to accept its flaws and evil.
I mention the above essays because they form the intellectual framework of Lem's works primarily dealing with philosophical reflections. Lem remains faithful to his essays to this day; he still develops ideas from Summa and confronts them with the newest developments in various fields of science and technology. This was the case with recently published Sex Wars, Tajemnica chińskiego pokoju, Bomba megabitowa and his most recent book Okamgnienie. The plot of Lem's novels and short stories is always attractive; his heroes meet interesting creatures from the entire universe and find themselves in unusual, often hilarious situations. But what is most important in Lem's writing is always hidden and requires from the reader some form of interpretation and intellectual struggle. Moreover, the author employs a flexible literary technique using various literary conventions. These include fairy tales (The Cyberiad, Mortal Engines) adventurous stories resembling Münchhausen-like tales (The Star Diaries), forewords and reviews of nonexistent books (A Perfect Vacuum and Imaginary Magnitude), detective stories (The Investigation, The Chain of Chance) and memoirs (His Master's Voice). In his "classical" science fiction novels Lem develops new ideas by employing existing conventions and motifs. One should not forget about it while reading about time travel, revolting robots and the universe densely populated with various creatures - because Lem usually does not believe in such visions. He uses them primarily in order to try out certain "models". Hence he does not picture a "real future" but only its model - that allows him to test certain concepts regarding the world and human beings.
What intellectual problems Stanisław Lem perceives as most interesting? Let us start with the issue of contacts with other civilizations. Lem is very skeptical about the possibility of such contacts. Aliens portrayed in his books - The Man from Mars, Eden, Solaris, The Invincible and Fiasco - are so different from us that we should abandon all hope for mutual benefits resulting from such encounters. The cognitive experience only allows us to understand our limitations and the fact that we are thrown back on our own resources. In Lem's works there is little optimism regarding contact, however his visions of aliens are fascinating and place the author among the very elite of writers who took up this topic - the uniqueness of the thinking ocean of Solaris and the cloud of microautomata of The Invincible is truly astonishing. Similarly unusual is the very attempt at understanding the specific nature of human beings. For it is human beings that are most interesting to Lem - our tendency to resolve conflicts by the use of senseless force (Eden, The Invincible, Fiasco) and the cacophonic character of scientific research - mutually contradictory concepts in a field characterized by exaggerated ambition, lust for success and popularity.
The contact with alien worlds in Lem's works is primarily a test showing the true nature of human beings: weaknesses and limitations they cannot overcome without reaching an identity crisis. But a deep crisis may also result as a consequence of introduction of new technologies. This is another topic that fascinates Lem: his heroes deal with problems caused by their own growing "creational potential". At a certain level, when they are capable of producing not only material goods but also acquire the capability to "change themselves as they choose", it turns out that this omnipotence is accompanied by high costs. Their individual natures and the internal order of their societies revolt against such changes. Hence one of the most important problems in Lem's works becomes the question: can people protect themselves from their own growing "engineering potential" in order to survive without sinking into despair because of lack of goals justifying their existence? In works such as Return from the Stars, Wizja Lokalna, Peace on Earth and numerous short stories of The Cyberiad and The Star Diaries the same question is repeated over and over again: how to extinguish aggression or at least how to tame it by finding an appropriate vent? Lem's constructors - even the fairy-tale ones like Trurl and Clapaucius in The Cyberiad, capable of doing just anything - incessantly struggle while trying to make humanity happy - and constantly suffer grotesque defeats. A society is a very complex mechanism and achieving an internal balance is a difficult task; any interference destroys the homeostatic system and pushes the vessel towards underwater reefs. Lem shows us numerous catastrophes of this sort in many conventions; sometimes the reader laughs heartily, sometimes he is scared stiff.
Where do these problems come from? According to Lem human beings, dependent on random events, are also doomed to incoherent eternity since they consist of an archaic mixture of biology with a mind always searching for new ideas, an amalgam of animal instincts with sublime ideas. These beings constantly try to free themselves from their natural limitations in order to conquer Cosmos simultaneously suffering from the prospect of loosing their identity as a species. Where should we search for an ethical measure for human deeds? Where the criteria of good and beauty - - the standards of a decent life - should come from? Such are the problems that face the characters of Wizja Lokalna and The 21st Travel of Ion Tichy from the Star Diaries. The evolution of the mind coupled with the biological evolution destroys human beings by allowing them to abandon their bodies and to "transfer" themselves into artificial minds much more powerful than human brains. This, however, leads to the rejection of the entire culture as a superfluous cocoon for a triumphant Mind - albeit not fully aware what justified this process.
At this point Lem's works reach the philosophical reflection on the nature of human beings and their "existential position". These reflections are shown through metaphorical worlds - this is the case with Memoirs found in a Bathtub. In this novel a spy is enclosed at intelligence headquarters symbolizing the entire world - a world equipped with an infinite number of secret codes, double meanings and characterized by an unceremonious attitude towards the individual - perceived as a "statistical curiosity"- who is constantly monitored and disciplined. A similar situation is described in The Mask. The heroine of this tale, an executioner-machine endowed with artificial intelligence and personality, is unsure about her identity in a very human-like fashion. The machine is unable to tell the degree of its own free will and the nature of its feelings toward its beloved victim - which it must slay.
Considerations regarding the nature of human beings are only one step away from theology - perceived as a general theory of rational creation. Lem does not believe in the Christian God - according to Lem the omnipotence of a god allowing for evil is inconsistent with the postulate of Infinite Goodness. Hence his God is either a demiurgical constructor creating imperfect worlds or a non-specified point beyond our universe that allows us to avoid logical dilemmas resulting from the statement that the world we live in is both closed and bounded. This postulate of transcendence not allowing for the Cosmos to be "closed" - which is typical of large systems like mathematics that are used for its interpretation - seems to form the very core of Lem's secular metaphysics. This can be seen in the grand lecture of Lem's Golem XIV, the computer endowed with higher intelligence, as well as in "theological" considerations in The Star Diaries and in the short story Non Serviam.
Such - in short - is the edifice of Lem's worldview. This philosophy, however, is not "frozen" in treatises. Instead it is presented in spectacular visions, fascinating adventures and absorbing plots. We join Lem's heroes not realizing the seriousness of problems underlying their adventures. For as a science fiction writer Lem remains a child - a Nietzschean child perhaps - longing, just like years before, for adventures in the world of the imagination. Hence the entrance to this world is quite accessible. Even a teenager can enter it, fascinated by the adventures of Pirx the Pilot. He will laugh at problems of cosmic rulers from the Mortal Engines and The Cyberiad or at magnificent lies of Münchhausen-like Ion Tichy. However he will soon discover that the author has lead him to the cold uplands. There he will have to face questions dealing with him as a human being - as an embodiment of evolving Mind and Biology and as God's competitor whose task is not just creation but also understanding and recognizing values.
Lem's books were translated into 36 languages and the total printrun exceeds 27 million copies. I have no doubts that this last adventure - the adventure of readers from all over the world with Lem's works - will last and will bear more than one flash of insight.
Jerzy Jarzebski
(Jerzy Jarzebski is a Professor of Polish Literature, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland)
For general questions regarding rights to Stanislaw Lem's works please e-mail us at: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Which languages Lem's books were translated into?
What was the total print-run of Lem's books?
What are Scrupts (Sepulki in Polish, Sepulken in German)?
What was that "Famous Philip K. Dick Letter" regarding Lem?
Why was Stanislaw Lem expelled from the SFWA (Science Fiction Writers of America) in 1976?
Where did Lem describe his war experience
Why is the main character called Kris Kelvin (a typical American or English name)?
Will Solaris ever be translated directly into English?
Lem's books were translated into 41 languages: Albanian, Arabic, Armenian, Azerbaijani, Basque, Belorussian, Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, Flemish, French, Georgian, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Latvian, Lithuanian, Macedonian, Moldavian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish, Ukrainian.
The total print-run of Stanisław Lem's books is over thirty million copies.
What are Scrupts (Sepulki in Polish, Sepulken in German) - apart from the fact that they are used at a scruptrum?
Scrupts are somewhat similar to Klapaucius's favorive pritons and gentle zits - however their social function seems entirely different. ;-)
On September 2, 1974 Philip K. Dick sent the following letter to the FBI (Please keep in mind Mr. Dick was most probably suffering from schizophrenia):
Philip K. Dick to the FBI, September 2, 1974
I am enclosing the letterhead of Professor Darko Suvin, to go with information and enclosures which I have sent you previously. This is the first contact I have had with Professor Suvin. Listed with him are three Marxists whom I sent you information about before, based on personal dealings with them: Peter Fitting, Fredric Jameson, and Franz Rottensteiner who is Stanislaw Lem's official Western agent. The text of the letter indicates the extensive influence of this publication, SCIENCE-FICTION STUDIES.
What is involved here is not that these persons are Marxists per se or even that Fitting, Rottensteiner and Suvin are foreign-based but that all of them without exception represent dedicated outlets in a chain of command from Stanislaw Lem in Krakow, Poland, himself a total Party functionary (I know this from his published writing and personal letters to me and to other people). For an Iron Curtain Party group - Lem is probably a composite committee rather than an individual, since he writes in several styles and sometimes reads foreign, to him, languages and sometimes does not - to gain monopoly positions of power from which they can control opinion through criticism and pedagogic essays is a threat to our whole field of science fiction and its free exchange of views and ideas. Peter Fitting has in addition begun to review books for the magazines Locus and Galaxy. The Party operates (a U..S.] publishing house which does a great deal of Party-controlled science fiction. And in earlier material which I sent to you I indicated their evident penetration of the crucial publications of our professional organization SCIENCE FICTION WRITERS OF AMERICA.
Their main successes would appear to be in the fields of academic articles, book reviews and possibly through our organization the control in the future of the awarding of honors and titles. I think, though, at this time, that their campaign to establish Lem himself as a major novelist and critic is losing ground; it has begun to encounter serious opposition: Lem's creative abilities now appear to have been overrated and Lem's crude, insulting and downright ignorant attacks on American science fiction and American science fiction writers went too far too fast and alienated everyone but the Party faithful (I am one of those highly alienated).
It is a grim development for our field and its hopes to find much of our criticism and academic theses and publications completely controlled by a faceless group in Krakow, Poland. What can be done, though, I do not know.
The following quote from J. Madison Davis' book on Stanislaw Lem gives an answer to your question:
Lem has always been critical of most science fiction, which he considers ill thought out, poorly written, and interested more in adventure that ideas or new literary forms. (...) Those opinions provoked an unpleasant debate in the SFWA [the "Lem affair"]. Philip José Farmer and others were incensed by Lem's comments (...) and eventually brought about the removal of the honorary membership(...). Other members, such as Ursula K. Le Guin, then protested the removal (...) and the SFWA then offered Lem a regular membership, which he, of course, refused in 1976. Asked later about the "affair," he remarked, that his opinions of the state of science fiction were already known when he was offered an honorary membership (...). He also added he harboured no ill feelings towards the SFWA or U.S. writers in particular, "...but it would be a lie to say the whole incident has enlarged my respect for SF writers".
Where did Lem describe his war experiences?
Mr. Lem's war experiences and their influence on his perception of chance and coincidence are quite well discussed in his autobiographical essay. More on this topic can be found in the volumes: A Perfect Vacuum, Imaginary Magnitude and other apocryphal works.
In "Solaris" words like "cosmonauts" and "communism" are not used even though Stanislav Lem wrote the book during the times of the cold war. And why is the main character called Kris Kelvin (a typical American or English name)?
Mr. Lem always preferred "astronauts" to "cosmonauts". As to communism and Kris Kelvin: there was no politics in "Solaris", hence there was no necessity to use the word "communism" (or "capitalism" for that matter). And yes - the name Kris Kelvin may sound British or American.
Kelvin is actually a Scottish name, taken from the River Kelvin which runs down from the southern Highlands to the River Clyde. When the physicist William Thomson became a peer, he took the title Lord Kelvin in honour of the river, which runs very close to the campus of Glasgow University, where he researched and taught. Among his many works on energy and the nature of heat, he wrote an influential paper on the concept of an absolute zero temperature; the scale he proposed is now widely used and and is measured in degrees Kelvin. Stanisław Lem was of course fascinated by limits and boundaries - and whatever lies beyond them.
[we are grateful to professor Laurence Davies for the above clarification]
The first translation of "Solaris" into English was indirect (via French). Since the publisher was reluctant to consider a new one, the Lem Estate comissioned a new translation straight from the original. The new, 2011 canonical translation of "Solaris" by professor Bill Jonston is now available as an e-book or an audiobook.
Lem is capable of an amazing richness of image and a great knack for characterization. He is wildly comic, he is sardonic, perplexing, insightful.
Theodore Sturgeon, „The New York Times Book Review”
Lem, the Polish author, has been praised as the world's greatest writer of science fiction. Mr. Lem has no equal in his literary explorations of machines and their physical and philosophical potentialities.
Philip J. Farmer, „The New York Times Book Review”
Since Mr. Lem is a world class author, comparisons between the great Polish author Joseph Conrad (who wrote in English) and Mr. Lem (who writes in Polish) are pertinent. Both are deeply pessimistic, but Mr. Lem (like Mark Twain) uses humor as an instrument to deal with the tragic and the inevitable.
All books by this Polish master of intellectual science fiction should come with a label on the cover warning: ''Handle With Care.'' Mr. Lem is a moralist, an ironist, a man of wide erudition (in both science and literature) who has little patience with the shortcomings of his fellow man.
Gerald Jones, „The New York Times Book Review”
As he moves further away from personal relations, and casts a more sardonic eye on the tricks that humanity's Faustian intelligence plays on itself, Mr. Lem has come to identify with such writers as Swift and Voltaire.
Paul Delany, „The New York Times Book Review”
The mordant Mr. Lem, after all, is Poland's best-known writer in the West, a Jorge Luis Borges for the Space Age, who plays in earnest with every concept of philosophy and physics, from free will to probability theory.
John Leonard, „The New York Times Book Review”
Starting at the very edge of current theories of artificial intelligence, communications, cosmology and nuclear strategy, he soars out into dizzy flights of speculation, grafting one field onto another to populate whole new realms of possibility.
Over the last three decades he has created a body of profoundly speculative writing that - even sometimes at a double remove from us by way of German or French translations - has retained such intellectual bite, such rigorous wit, such deadly playful tightrope walking as to make him a modern European version of Swift or Voltaire.
Peter S. Beagle, „The New York Times Book Review”
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Business schools are competing for the glories of the research
These are the Ferrari of the business schools. Teachers who publish in international journals, accumulating “stars” and the interventions in the seminars the most prestigious. “In business school, we have an obligation to publish a article which is classified CNRS every two-three years “, explains Thomas Porcher, phd in economics, associate professor of economics at the Paris School of Business (PSB) and figure economists of the left. “If you don’t publish, they give you overtime of course. I do 160 hours per year, which is almost as much as a lecturer. But if I have a very good publication, we can lower my service to 120 hours “, details there.
Thomas Porcher, the economy suits him so well
Very organized, Thomas Porcher made during the Monday and Tuesday and spends the rest of the week to her research, essays and passages in the media, especially in the show ” C in air “, broadcast on France 5. “I’m an economist who participates in the public debate,” explains that the classification of the collective RePec (Research Papers in Economics) ranks 38th on the 1 068 economists the most followed on Twitter.
“I have the sense to use a bit of caution. “Frédéric Encel, professor at the Paris Business School
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CareersBusiness School
Business titans of the future? Rice’s biz plan showdown
Anne VanderMey
Four students at the Georgia Institute of Technology think they have a solution for thousands of struggling brick makers in Vietnam — a company that would retrofit kilns to increase efficiency and reduce pollution.
A student team at Stanford University wants to commercialize a technology that could test the age of bloodstains at crime scenes.
And at Brigham Young University, a handful of students and recent alums have plans to sell a product that would disinfect your phone while you sleep.
These would-be companies, plus 39 others, will go head to head for funding at the Rice University Business Plan Competition this week. The three-day competition, which kicks off on Thursday, is at the forefront of the booming business plan competition circuit. It is hosted by the Rice Alliance for Technology and Entrepreneurship, the university’s entrepreneurship program, along with the school’s Jesse H. Jones Graduate School of Business. While most major business schools host their own competitions, the Rice event is the richest and largest of its kind in the country, with more than $1 million in prizes and investments doled out to competitors every year.
MORE: Upcoming small business competitions
A total of 1,600 entrants vied for one of the competition’s 42 spots, making this year the most competitive ever. The pot is bigger than ever, too. Some $1.25 million is on the line, and the top team will take home at least $479,300 in cash and investments. Kleiner, Perkins, Caulfield & Byers, the U.S. Department of Energy, the nonprofit GOOSE Society of Texas, and Fortune Magazine are among the events sponsors this year.
This year’s competitor lineup is dominated by life sciences and green tech. Three groups are selling enhanced wastewater treatment technology. Three others think they can improve electric cars by building more efficient lithium ion batteries. And one particularly enterprising team from John Hopkins University wants to use dry ice — a widely available material in developing countries because of soda distribution networks — to redesign the way precancerous lesions are removed in underserved hospitals.
Though business plan competitions have yet to produce a household name company, organizers insist it’s more than just an academic exercise. After all, it has the ring of a time-honored success myth: A bunch of perversely motivated students in a dorm room poring over potentially game changing technologies and tweaking a business plan in the hopes of taking over the world — or at least finding a profitable exit.
MORE: UNC brings rarity to online MBA programs: Credibility
Rice says that of the 199 companies that launched since the competition was founded 12 years ago, 121 are still in business. So there’s a chance that BYU’s ultraviolet cell phone disinfecting equipment — a perfect product for a germ phobic nation — really could be the next big thing. (And maybe with good reason: According to a Stanford University study, cell phones carry 18 times more bacteria than the flush handle in a typical men’s restroom.)
Also worth watching is Kentucky Chia from the University of Louisville. The school took home the top prize last year with TNG Pharmaceuticals, a company pursuing a vaccine to protect cattle from horn flies. This year’s team aims to combat premature death in horses by feeding them chia seeds. It’s an ancient solution, the group says, but their patent-pending technology — which allows the seeds to be grown domestically — could be a game changer.
Another formidable contender: SpatiaLink from the University of Arkansas, which has performed well at Rice in recent years. The group’s seasoned management team wants to sell software that would help retailers keep tabs on their supply chain and maximize shelf space.
MORE: A faster (and cheaper) alternative to an MBA
Perhaps the wildest idea this year comes from a team called Senseye at the IT University of Cophenhagen in Denmark, one of eight international contenders at the competition. The group says their company will develop technology that will allow you to turn on (and control) your smart phone just by looking at it. Per the company description, voice control for phones — like the iPhone’s Siri — may be making headlines, but “the next big thing is eye control.”
Stay tuned to the Fortune management section for updates on which of these teams curries the favor of this year’s judges. And follow us @fortunemagazine for on-the-ground dispatches from the event’s elevator pitch competition, the finals, and more.
You Can’t Fire Everyone:
Committed a work email faux pas? Disparage your boss in an instant message… to your boss? How’d you recover?
Tell us about your most embarrassing digital work moments
. Email us at fired@fortune.com. We’ll highlight the most interesting and instructional ones.
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New Poll Shows Growing Discontent With "No Child" Law
Submitted by fairtest on August 28, 2006 - 12:41pm
or Bob Schaeffer (239) 395-6773
for release with Gallup/PDK poll – embargoed until 12:01am, Tuesday, August 28, 2007
A major, annual poll released today demonstrates that the public increasingly supports a fundamental overhaul of the controversial “No Child Left Behind” (NCLB) law, according to the Forum on Educational Accountability (FEA), a working group seeking to implement reforms sought by 139 national education, civil rights, disability, labor, religious and civic organizations.
“The Phi Delta Kappa (PDK)/Gallup poll shows that the more people know about NCLB, the more they want to change it,” said FEA convener Dr. Monty Neill, who is also the co-Executive Director of the National Center for Fair & Open Testing (FairTest). “Less than a third of the nation now believes NCLB is helping improve the performance of public schools.” (The new PDK/Gallup poll on NCLB is now online at http://www.pdkintl.org/kappan/k_v89/k0709pol.htm.)
Neill continued, “The public both shares the criticisms made in the ‘Joint Organizational Statement on NCLB’ and endorses its overhaul proposals.” Specifically, Neill noted: * The Joint Statement calls for federal law to “shift from applying sanctions for failing to raise test scores to holding states and localities accountable for making the systemic changes that improve student achievement.” In the poll, overwhelming majorities of more than 80% supported proposals to “provide more instructional time and other help for low-performing students.” A similar percentage backs additional professional development time for public school teachers.
* The Joint Statement calls for changes in NCLB to “allow states to measure progress by using students’ growth in achievement.” The PDK/Gallup poll reports that 82% of respondents favor rating schools based on “improvement shown by the students,” not just “percentage passing the test.” * The Joint Statement cites concerns with NCLB that include “over-emphasizing standardized testing” and “narrowing curriculum and instruction to focus on test preparation.” In the PDK/Gallup poll more than half of public school parents say there is “too much emphasis” on standardized exams. Threequarters agree that schools now “teach to the tests.” Nine out of ten express concern about a “reduced emphasis on the teaching of science, health, social studies and the arts.”
“Senators and Representatives should heed the strong message from their constituents expressed in the PDK/Gallup poll,” Neill concluded. “When they return to Capitol Hill after Labor Day, Congress must work for a comprehensive overhaul of NCLB so that federal law helps, not hurts, the nation’s schools and our children.”
* the Joint Statement, a list of signers and other Forum on Educational Accountability documents are available online at www.edaccountabilty.org
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The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire is a historical book by Edward Gibbon, published between 1776 and 1789. It covers the history of Europe, the Roman Empire, and the Catholic Church between 98 and 1590 and is notable for pioneering a modern approach to studying and researching history thanks to its relative objectivity and reliance on primary sources. The book was one of two (the other being Commentarii de Bello Gallico by Julius Caesar) that heavily influenced Edward Sallow's philosophy and the foundation of Caesar's Legion.[1]
Developer quotes[edit | edit source]
There are two sources Caesar (IIRC) refers to: Gibbons’ The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire and Julius Caesar’s Commentarii de Bello Gallico (Commentaries on the Gallic War).
It is certainly possible that he read other primary sources. Based on Arcade’s education, it’s likely that the Followers of the Apocalypse had access to other Roman and Greek literature, including writings by Sallust and Lucan.
As Arcade and Caesar both know Latin, it is likely that the textbooks they used also contained snippets of Roman literature and quotes as sententiae antiquae (very common in Wheelock’s and many other books). Because the primary purpose of contemporary (i.e., 20th/21st century) Latin education is typically not conversation or writing, but comprehension of classic literature, the use of these quotes/references is common, though often without context.
E.g., a student may learn that “festina lente” means “hasten slowly,” but may not know that it came from Suetonious who was quoting Augustus who, in turn, had borrowed the adage from Greek in the first place. And even if they did learn all that, the Followers might not have access to Suetonious’ text, De vita Caesarium.
”— J.E. Sawyer on the novels in the Fallout universe
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire on Project Gutenberg
↑ Fallout: New Vegas Official Game Guide Collector's Edition p.459: "Rebirth of the Son of Mars
The adolescence and young adulthood of the man who calls himself Caesar were spent as a scribe of the Followers of the Apocalypse. While this boy had a quick mind, he made for a scribe of uneven ability, for his success in academics was equal to his interest in the subject assigned. Nor was he a favorite among his fellows. Though athletic, handsome, and petulance held him back. He never felt that he belonged among the Followers, and blamed them for it. their rigorous devotion to scholarship was stifling, their mission to ensure that humanity would never repeat the mistakes of the Great War was ridiculously naive. The boy longed for something more.
When the time came for the boy to leave the Boneyard and trek the wastes as part of a nine-person expedition, wanderlust soon curdled into disappointment. The primitive conditions of the tribes the expedition encountered disgusted him. Inferior people all, wretched in their squalor. Still, he seemed to discern, amid the chaos of their petty struggles and everyday atrocities, the true order of the wastes-and it was one of anonymous, amoral liberty. The wastes called to the boy as a blank slate upon which a man of will could write his own destiny.
During the same period of the time that the boy was coming to these insights, the expedition uncovered a cache of well-preserved historical texts. Among with adventure fiction and comic books, history had always been his favorite subject, and so the task of cataloguing and studying the texts fell to him. Though the boy had long been aware of basic facts concerning many ancient empires, these new texts filled in many previously obscure details. Reading The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire rendered him a veritable hermit for two weeks. But even that could not have prepared him for the Commentarii, the account of the military campaigns of Gaius Julius Caesar, written by the man himself. Reading Commentarii changed the boy's life. Unfortunately, it was destined to change the lives of thousands more, and for the worse.
In Gaius Julius Caesar the boy found a man who seamed to have fulfilled the full measure of potential greatness allotted to him by fate, a man whose career spanned political accomplishment and military achievement in equal measure. Such adventure! And intrigue! And cool uniforms! The boy's frustrations with his lot in life gained sharp focus. In reading about Caesar, he was like an ant scurrying about the feet of a regal statue. He resolved that he would go to any lengths necessary to change the course of his life. The Commentarii would be his blueprint. In an illiterate, benighted world, who would ever know that Caesar was not his original creation?
That night, Caesar offered a different sort of assistance to a tribe his expedition had contacted recently: weapons, medical supplies, and tactical expertise. He led several tribal accomplices back to the expedition's camp and through its defenses, and there oversaw the murder of his eight fellows. Within a week he was leading the tribe on ever more ambitious raids against neighboring bands of raiders and tribals."
(Behind the Bright Lights & Big City)
Retrieved from "https://fallout.gamepedia.com/index.php?title=The_History_of_the_Decline_and_Fall_of_the_Roman_Empire&oldid=2129585"
Caesar's Legion
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Contact Family RVing Magazine
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Canyons Of The Texas Panhandle
Two state parks in the Lone Star State offer access to dramatic views and natural wonders.
By Donna Ikenberry
Texas is a big state with much to offer. It boasts 13 properties managed by the National Park Service, including two wonderful national parks: Guadalupe Mountains and Big Bend. Plus, it has dozens of state parks. Two of my favorite state parks are Caprock Canyons and Palo Duro Canyon, both in the Texas Panhandle, southeast of Amarillo.
Caprock Canyons State Park And Trailway
I’ve been to Caprock Canyons State Park and Trailway twice, and my second visit was quite mild in comparison to the first. During the first visit, a tornado warning was announced, and one of the park rangers told me to leave my RV for the safer confines of the rest room and shower building. I joined the only other campers in the park that evening, a couple who were camp hosting. We chatted about our travels while the storm passed to the north. After we said our good-byes, I returned to my RV to find it encased in a sheet of ice.
Caprock Canyons, located midway between Amarillo and Lubbock, is known for its extreme weather. The park is on the Caprock escarpment, a long, narrow, rocky formation with elevations as high ams 1,000 feet above the plains to the east. The higher plains of the Llano Estacado are to the west. Streams that feed the Red, Brazos, and Colorado rivers lace their way through the escarpment.
During our most recent visit, my husband and I explored the park’s bluffs and steep, colorful canyons, while searching for extraordinary scenes and abundant wildlife. We visited in May, and while we were hoping to see lots of wildflowers, a drought was occurring, so we didn’t see much in the way of those riches. However, we did find Engelmann’s daisies lining the roadways, and we are sure that the yuccas and cacti blossomed after our visit.
In addition to wildflowers, we search year-round for animal life, including mammals, birds, and reptiles, as well as insects. Caprock Canyons encompasses more than 15,000 acres and boasts a number of wildlife species. More than 12,000 years ago the region was home to the now-extinct woolly mammoth and giant bison. When the climate was cooler, it hosted camels and horses. Black bears and gray wolves roamed the area more recently, but people hunted them completely out of this region by the 1950s.
My husband and I searched for pronghorn; mule deer; white-tailed deer; coyotes; bobcats; gray foxes; raccoons; jackrabbits; and African aoudad sheep, an introduced species. We were fortunate to see a few bison, as most visitors do. Part of the Texas State Bison Herd, the woolly mammals roam in a semifree manner amid more than 700 acres near the park entrance.
As we hiked, I envisioned a time roughly 10,000 years ago when the region was inhabited by the Folsom culture. Items found in the park provide evidence that ancient peoples hunted the giant bison. You can explore the same area inhabited by earlier cultures via almost 90 miles of trails available to hikers, bicyclists, and horseback riders.
While visiting Caprock, be sure to check out Caprock Canyons Trailway, a 64.25-mile stretch (between the towns of Estelline and South Plains) where tracks from a 1920s-era railroad once ran. In 1992 the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department received the track by donation, and the trailway opened in 1993 as part of the national Rails-to-Trails program.
The trailway crosses 46 railroad bridges, with the bridge spanning Los Lingos Creek being the most impressive. We enjoyed a morning ride on our mountain bikes to the 742-foot-long Clarity Tunnel. We chose it because it is one of the last remaining railroad tunnels in Texas. More importantly, it’s the summer home (April through October) for a colony of Mexican free-tailed bats. Because the creatures are sensitive to traffic, noise, light, and humans, visitors must walk through the tunnel. More information can be found at park headquarters, three miles north of Quitaque.
RVers should note that grades can be steep in Caprock Canyons. In fact, trailers are not allowed past the Wild Horse Camping Area because of a 16 percent grade. The Wild Horse area consists of campsites with corrals, picnic tables, grills, and water for horses. Just before you reach it, you’ll find the tree-blessed Honey Flat Camping Area. Sites (some ADA) offer electric hookups, and other amenities include picnic tables, showers, water, flush toilets, and a dump station.
Palo Duro Canyon
Located approximately an hour and 35 minutes northwest of Caprock Canyons and much closer to Amarillo is another of my favorites, Palo Duro Canyon State Park.
Palo Duro is the second-largest canyon in the United States. Though it’s not nearly as grand as the Grand Canyon most of us know of and love, it is 120 miles long, nearly 20 miles wide, and as much as 800 feet deep. Unlike the Grand Canyon, where access to the bottom is only by foot, mule, or raft, Palo Duro is accessible by RV.
The northernmost portion of the canyon, which includes the most scenic part as well, has been protected since July 4, 1934, when the state park officially opened. The nearly 30,000-acre park was mostly built by the Civilian Conservation Corps. Young men and military veterans worked from 1933 until 1937 to develop road access to the canyon floor, as well as to construct the visitors center, cabins, shelters, and park headquarters.
We found Palo Duro Canyon State Park a definite must-visit for several reasons. First, it’s a wonderful place to view and photograph wildlife. Upon entering the park and looking for a campsite at the Hackberry Camp Area, I photographed a delightful golden-fronted woodpecker and a pair of wild turkeys. We knew right then that we needed to spend several days in the park.
In addition to wildlife, the park is a tree-filled landscape and a grand place to hike, mountain bike, or relax under the shade. Palo Duro, which means “hard wood” in Spanish, is what explorers called the tough juniper trees found here. Visitors also will encounter mesquite, cottonwood, salt cedar (an invasive introduced species), willow, hackberry, and western soapberry trees. Wildflowers and the blossoms of prickly pear cactus and yucca brighten the landscape, too.
Just as at Caprock Canyons, we missed wildflowers here because of the ongoing drought. Also, we were too early for one of the park highlights: the musical “TEXAS.” Each June, July, and August, the outdoor musical drama is presented in a natural amphitheater. For more information, call (806) 655-2181 or visit www.texas-show.com.
Canyons take millions of years to form, and Palo Duro, a National Natural Landmark, was no exception. A fork of the Red River eventually eroded 800 feet of rusty sandstone, pastel-colored mudstone, and milky gypsum. All these colors are revealed today, juxtaposed with the greens of trees.
Palo Duro saw human habitation for many years before Europeans arrived. Ancient treasures show that people have been living in the canyon and traveling through it for about 12,000 years. The Clovis and Folsom people were the first residents. Apache Indians lived there next; by 1874, Comanche, Kiowa, and Cheyenne Indians resided there. That’s when the 4th U.S. Cavalry raided the canyon and killed several Indians. The rest fled back to the reservation at Oklahoma’s Fort Sill, because food supplies and horses had been destroyed, and winter was coming.
RVers will find the park road paved, with access to several campgrounds. Trails are located near all of the camping areas, with most accessible by foot, horseback, and mountain bike. A few are recommended for mountain bikes only, and horses are prohibited on others.
Lighthouse Trail is the most popular path; it leads to a 310-foot-high rock formation called the Lighthouse.
We rode the Capitol Peak Mountain Bike Trail. Though the trail wasn’t well marked, we were able to find our way — and we discovered a western diamondback rattlesnake en route.
As you explore, be sure to keep an eye out for the endangered Texas horned lizard, the state reptile. Look for the palm-sized creatures in spring. You’ll most likely see them on warm days when the sun heats up their favorite food, harvester ants. Also look for another endangered species, the Palo Duro mouse, which is found only in the Red River canyon lands and not anywhere else. These secretive creatures emerge from their underground burrows and rock crevices mostly at night.
More abundant in this area are mule deer, cottontails, coyotes, African aoudad sheep, and bobcats. Bird species include roadrunners, wild turkeys, Mississippi kites, painted buntings, canyon wrens, and red-tailed hawks. When driving the canyon rim, look for longhorn steers, which are among the state’s longhorn herd.
We visited the park’s bird blind each day. Behind the Palo Duro Trading Post, water and feeders attract a multitude of birds, including painted buntings and golden-fronted woodpeckers.
Since you should not choose just Caprock Canyons or Palo Duro, decide to visit both. The experiences are different, but equally beautiful.
Spring and fall are usually the best times to visit, as these parks can be quite warm in summer. Camping reservations for both parks can be made at (512) 389-8900.
Separate entry fees are charged for each park. Both also honor the Texas State Parks Pass, which costs $70 per year. An additional pass, for a second person who resides at the same address, can be purchased for $25. Passes can be purchased on site at any Texas state park or by calling (512) 389-8900.
P.O. 204
Quitaque, TX 79255
www.tpwd.state.tx.us/state-parks/caprock-canyons
Admission is $4 per person age 13 and up.
Palo Duro Canyon State Park
11450 Park Road 5
Canyon, TX 79015
www.tpwd.state.tx.us/state-parks/palo-duro-canyon
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HomePosts tagged 'Vietnam'
July 24, 2015 July 6, 2015 fasab Business, Current Events, Factoids, Politics, Rants administrative jobs, all-American, America, America just can't make it anymore, American, American businesses, American Companies, American flags, apparel, apple, automotive industry, automotive products, automotive vehicles, Bangladesh, Barbie dolls, baseball, baseballs, bureaucrat, canada, cars, cell phones, chemicals, China, clothing, computer accessories, Computers, confused, consumer electronics, consumer goods, Converse All Stars, Current Events, curve ball, deck is stacked against them, defense, education, engines, Etch-a-Sketch, exports billions of dollars’ worth, factoid, facts, fast ball, financial services, fish, fridges, fruit, fuel oil, Germany, household furniture, Huffy bicycles, iconic symbols, imports, imports into the US, Indonesia, industrial machinery and equipment, industrial power house of the world, industrial supplies, industries, information, Japan, Levi’s, license fees, made in China, made overseas, math, Mexico, monopoly, moronic bureaucrats, oil, Opinion, parts, petroleum products, pharmaceuticals, politics, private services, productive wealth creating jobs, Radio Flyer wagons, Rants, richest company in the world, royalties, shell-shocked, shoes, sports enthusiast, Stupidity And Bureaucracy, telecommunications equipment, televisions, Thoughts, trade deficit, transportation services, travel passenger services, U.S. Government service imports, United States, unprecedented wealth, US Government, vegetables, Vietnam, Wal-Mart, washers, white goods, world's first self-made billionaires, world's second biggest importer of goods
The statement in the title is not true, except that it is.
If you are a little confused stay with me and let me clarify.
The United States used to be the industrial power house of the world. Its industries generated unprecedented wealth for the country, creating the world’s first self-made billionaires and productive wealth creating jobs galore for everyone. The whole country prospered.
Today, however, the United States has become the world’s second biggest importer of goods. Worse than that, even though America still exports billions of dollars’ worth in oil, consumer goods and automotive products, it imports even more. This creates a trade deficit ($471 billion according to recent figures).
So what are all these imports into the US?
Well, they include industrial machinery and equipment ($681 billion), automotive vehicles, parts, and engines ($309 billion), miscellaneous private services, primarily financial services ($201 billion), cell phones ($90 billion), travel passenger services ($86 billion), pharmaceuticals ($84 billion), computers ($65 billion), chemicals ($61 billion), other transportation services ($59 billion), computer accessories ($57 billion), telecommunications equipment ($54 billion), royalties and license fees services ($42 billion), apparel ($49 billion), petroleum products ($48 billion), fuel oil ($44 billion), industrial supplies ($29 billion), U.S. Government service imports primarily defense ($25 billion), fish ($18 billion), fruit ($13 billion), and vegetables ($11 billion).
If you are a bit shell-shocked by all those figures let me phrase it a bit differently using as examples the types of goods you would tend to buy.
100% (almost) of the shoes bought in the U.S. come from China, Vietnam, Indonesia and Mexico;
90% of white goods (washers, fridges, etc.) and consumer electronics are imported;
85% of household furniture is imported;
80% of cars on U.S. roads come from Canada (31%), Japan (24%), Germany (16%) and Mexico (12%); and,
65% of U.S. clothing is imported from China (37%), Vietnam (9.4%), Indonesia (7.2%) and Bangladesh (6.7%).
Probably the saddest part is that even things you thought were “American” are now actually made overseas and imported.
I remember while on a business trip to the US many, many years ago I bought a gift for the young son of a friend of mine. He was a big sports enthusiast so I reckoned that one of the most iconic symbols of sport from America would be a baseball. I bought one in Wal-Mart. It was marked with all the different holding positions for the various ways to throw a baseball (fast ball, curve ball and all that). The perfect gift.
I gave it to him on my return feeling ever so pleased with myself. The kid opened it, showed momentary delight, then looked up at me accusingly. “It says ‘Made in China'” he told me.
But it’s not only baseballs. Similar types of product that you would think are all-American, like Converse All Stars, Levi’s, Huffy bicycles, televisions, Monopoly, Etch-a-Sketch, Radio Flyer wagons, Barbie dolls, and last but by no means least, most of those American flags just ain’t American no more.
It really doesn’t have to be this way. Apple, for example, doesn’t have to become the richest company in the world by manufacturing its products in China and storing its vast hoards of cash overseas.
Everything on the lists above could still be made in the US and surpluses exported to other countries. But the US government and its moronic bureaucrats are spending their time and our money thinking up new ways, not to help American businesses, but to add ever-increasing amounts of rules, regulations and bureaucracy on to American companies.
American businesses can no longer compete, because their own government has ensured that the deck is stacked against them.
In the mind of a bureaucrat losing a million productive wealth creating jobs, for example, in the automotive industry, and replacing them with a million more administrative jobs that cost the country money evens things out.
It doesn’t. Simple math will tell you that. Every time it happens things get worse and America gets poorer.
So America just can’t make it anymore, but not because China has stolen the jobs. It’s because the US government bureaucrats gave them away.
Put the blame where it should be.
A Few Of Today’s Facts Really Stink.
April 14, 2015 April 12, 2015 fasab Factoids, Unusual "o" sound in French, access tunnels, airplanes, amphibious four-wheel drive off-roader, arms get shorter, Aztecs, bad job, Beckton Gas Works, bike, Boeing 747 mounted with an anti-missile defense system, Breath Odor Evaluator, Dog Breath Sniffer, dogs, East London, education, Entertainment, Europeans, excrement, experimented, fact, facts, Finland, focusing ability, fourteenth century, Full Metal Jacket, general population, German Wehrmacht, get older, highway 8, hit by a truck, immune system function, information, inhabitants, Jeffires Tubes, kidneys, lens in the eyes, London, lungs, major battle scenes, medieval London, Mexica, mint and toothpaste companies, most numerous amphibious car in history, National Institutes of Health, need glasses, NIH, prop master, reading, reproduction and support for the heart, Sherborne Lane, Shiteburn Lane, shoot down enemy missiles, smelling bad breath, Stanley Kubrick, star trek, stink, supplements with vitamin A, sweet potato baked in the skin, Swimming Car, The Enterprise, TV series, twin brother, Type 166, US Air Force, Vietnam, Vision, vitamin A, Volkswagen Schwimmwagen, Waffen-SS, Walter M Jeffries, WWII, YAL-1 Airborne Laser
Sorry, but today a few of the facts really do stink.
But you might find them interesting nonetheless.
I hope so anyway.
So here they are.
There are 13 ways to spell
the “o” sound in French.
In the TV series Star Trek,
The Enterprise’s often seen access tunnels
that they called ‘Jeffries Tubes’
were named after original series
prop master Walter M Jeffries.
Vitamin A is important for vision,
the immune system function,
reproduction and support for the
heart, lungs and kidneys.
According to National Institutes of Health (NIH),
around 28%–37% of the general population
take supplements with vitamin A,
just one sweet potato baked in the skin
has 28,058 international units (IU) of
vitamin A per serving,
which is 561% of the daily recommended value.
In 2002, a man was hit by a truck in Finland
as he was trying to cross highway 8 on his bike.
2 hours later his twin brother was also hit by a truck
while trying to cross highway 8 on his bike.
They died within 1.5 km of each other, 2 hours apart.
The US Air Force once experimented with a
Boeing 747 mounted with an anti-missile defense system
that they hoped could track and shoot down
enemy missiles from hundreds of miles away.
Technically called the YAL-1 Airborne Laser
the project was eventually cancelled.
The Aztecs are the Aztecs at all.
The name Aztec was actually made up by Europeans,
the name they called themselves was the ‘Mexica’.
It is estimated that the inhabitants
of medieval London, both human and animal,
produced fifty tons of excrement a day.
As a matter of fact, during the fourteenth century,
Sherborne Lane in East London was so disgusting
that it was officially known as Shiteburn Lane.
The reason around 99% of the population
tend to need glasses, especially for reading,
as they get older is not because
their arms get shorter, but because
the lens in the eyes slowly loses
its focusing ability with age.
Translated as the “Swimming Car”,
the Volkswagen Schwimmwagen is an
amphibious four-wheel drive off-roader,
used extensively by the German Wehrmacht
and the Waffen-SS during WWII.
The Type 166 is the most numerous and
mass-produced amphibious car in history.
Think you have a bad job?
It could be worse.
You could be a Breath Odor Evaluator.
These are people hired by mint and
toothpaste companies to keep smelling
bad breath until the minty freshness appears.
But these people have it made
compared to Dog Breath Sniffers,
who do the same job, only for dogs.
Phew!!!
Stanley Kubrick hated traveling and
was a little afraid of airplanes.
For that reason,
even though set mostly in Vietnam,
Full Metal Jacket was fully shot in London.
The abandoned Beckton Gas Works that were used
to shoot the major battle scenes are still there today.
Forty-Four Mouth-Watering Facts About Curry.
April 8, 2015 April 6, 2015 fasab Factoids 1700BC, A Poem To Curry, Afghanistan, Asian countries, Assam, Babylon, balti, Balti Houses, bananas, Bangladesh, Bhut Jolokia Chilli Pepper, Big Jim, Biryani, Blackpool, blood clots, boost bone health, britain, british army, British government employees, Burma, Cancer Research UK Scotland, cardamom, Chicken Naga, chicken tikka masala, chili, chili peppers, chilli, chilli peppers, China, Chinese food, Chinese restaurants, coconut milk, combat heart attacks, coriander, Cornwall, cumin, curries, curry, curry Powder, curry style dishes, deer, delicacy, delicious, Dhansak, diets, Dopiaza, ease pain and inflammation, East Indian Trading Co, education, English administrators, Entertainment, Europe, extends blood coagulation times, fact, facts, Fiji, first commercial curry powder, food, foods, fresh cilantro, fried green peppers, Ghost Chilli, Ghost Pepper, Goa, Hannah Glasse’s The Art Of Cookery, health benefits, health warning, Hindustani Coffee House, hot, hot sauces, hottest pepper in the world, increase the liver’s ability to remove toxins from the body, India, Indian restaurants, Indonesia, information, Jali Indian Restaurant, Japan, karahi, kari, karil, Kitchen Melodies, Korma, lychees, Madras, Malaysia, Maldives, Manipur, masaman, Massala, measurement of the pungency, meat in a spicy sauce, medium, Mesopotamia, mild, most popular spice in the world, mouth watering, Mumbai, naan bread, Naga Jolokia, Naga pepper seeds, Nagaland, New Mexico, North Curry, Nottingham Trent University, Pakistan, Panang, Phall, Philippines, poppadum, Portman Square, Portuguese dish, Portuguese traders, prevention of cancer, protect the immune system from bacterial infections, protection against heart disease, red pepper, reduce Alzheimer’s disease symptoms, regional variations, rice, Rogan Josh, sauces, sautéed vegetables, scientists, Scoville scale, Somerset, spice, spices, spicy foods, spicy heat, squirrels, Sri Lanka, St Andrews University, strokes, sweet basil, tablets, Tamil, tasty, Thai curry, Thailand, Tim Stobbs, turmeric, United States, Vietnam, Vindaloo, West Curry, western belief, Western Europe, wife's grave, William Makepeace Thackeray
I’ve done ‘peanut butter‘ and ‘chocolate‘ and ‘coffee‘ in other posts. Today it is another fasab food favorite, the curry.
A curry, properly made, has to be one of the most delicious foods in the world.
I have spent many happy evenings with friends enjoying this delicacy in one form or another. Personally I like it with some naan bread or sometimes with rice. Either way is socially acceptable and extremely tasty.
Mouth watering already?
Very good, let’s get straight to the facts.
The word curry comes from a Tamil word ‘kari’ or ‘karil’, meaning spices or sautéd vegetables.
The meaning changed when Portuguese traders used it for the sauces with which rice was served.
Essentially, the term curry was invented by the English administrators of the East Indian Trading Co. and later continued by British government employees.
The British army in India further changed the meaning as its liking for hot sauces introduced the modern idea of curries being hot.
Surprisingly, the term ‘curry’ isn’t used very much in India. There are many types of curry-style dishes, which have their own characteristic regional variations.
Curry Powder is a mix of spices, rather than a spice in its own right. It usually consists of turmeric, coriander, cardamom, cumin, sweet basil, and red pepper.
Some of the most common types of curry are ‘Korma’, ‘Massala’, ‘Dhansak’, ‘Phall’, ‘Rogan Josh’, ‘Dopiaza’, ‘Madras’ and ‘Vindaloo’.
Curry is said to have a number of valuable health benefits, including the prevention of cancer, protection against heart disease, reducing Alzheimer’s disease symptoms, easing pain and inflammation, boosting bone health, protecting the immune system from bacterial infections, and increasing the liver’s ability to remove toxins from the body.
In addition to being an established and firm favorite in Britain. and increasing popular throughout Europe and the United States, curry forms a major element of the diets of several Asian countries including India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Maldives, Burma, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, China, Japan and Fiji.
Chili (or Chilli) is the most popular spice in the world and can help combat heart attacks and strokes and extends blood coagulation times preventing harmful blood clots.
Contrary to common western belief, curries are not always ‘hot’, they can be mild, medium and hot.
The earliest known curry was made in Mesopotamia in around 1700 BC, the recipe for meat in a spicy sauce appearing on tablets found near Babylon.
The Scoville scale is the measurement of the pungency (spicy heat) of chili peppers or other spicy foods.
The ‘Bhut Jolokia Chilli Pepper’ (also known as the ‘Naga Jolokia’), is the hottest pepper in the world, accompanied with its own health warning! This pepper is also known as the ‘Ghost Chilli’ or ‘Ghost Pepper’, and is grown in the Indian states of Assam, Nagaland and Manipur.
The first commercial curry powder appeared in about 1780.
In Britain Indian food now surpasses Chinese food in popularity, with Indian restaurants outnumbering Chinese restaurants by two to one.
The word ‘balti’ means bucket. Balti is more a style of cooking than one particular curry.
In specialist ‘Balti Houses’ the balti is a meal in itself which contains both meat and vegetables and is eaten straight from the karahi using curled up pieces of naan bread. In standard Indian restaurants the balti is more of a stir-fried curry containing plenty of fried green peppers and fresh cilantro (also known as coriander).
South Indian food is more spicy than North Indian food.
The first curry recipe in English appeared in Hannah Glasse’s ‘The Art Of Cookery’ in 1747.
The world’s biggest ever curry was a 13 tonne Biryani, including 187lb of chilies and 6600lb of rice. It took 60 chefs to make in New Delhi in June 2008. And required three cranes to move the container and a 3ft high furnace to cook it!
In Western Europe and the U K, curry powders available contain more turmeric than anything else, and tend to be toned down to palates used to bland food.
The tallest poppadom stack in the world stands at a massive 282 poppadoms. The record was set by a chef from the Jali Indian Restaurant in Blackpool.
In 2008, Bath and North East Somerset Council advised a man to sprinkle curry powder on his wife’s grave to keep squirrels and deer away.
Tim Stobbs, aged 42 years, currently holds the world record for munching an impressive 15 poppadoms in 5 minutes! The annual World Championships, in aid of Cancer Research UK Scotland, is held every year at St Andrews University.
There are about 10,000 Indian restaurants serving curry in the UK, the vast majority of which are run by people from Bangladesh, not India.
To make a ‘hot’ curry mild, just add some coconut milk.
The word ‘masala’ means spice mix.
In 1846, William Makepeace Thackeray wrote ‘A Poem To Curry’, as part of his Kitchen Melodies.
Britain’s first curry house, called the Hindustani Coffee House and located in London’s Portman Square, opened in 1809. Now there are more curry houses in London, England than in Mumbai, India.
Chili can help combat heart attacks and strokes.
One of the hottest curry dishes ever made is known as the Bit Spicy 3 Chili Phall which is even hotter than the infamous ‘Chicken Naga’, made with a high volume of Naga pepper seeds. More than 100 times hotter than jalapeño peppers!
People crave a curry because the spices arouse and stimulate the taste buds.
Vindaloo was originally a Portuguese dish which took its name from the two main ingredients which were ‘vinho’, wine/wine vinegar, and ‘alhos’, garlic. Over time it was spiced up, hotted up and otherwise changed by the indigenous peoples of the ex-Portuguese colony of Goa.
The ‘Big Jim’, a large chili hailing from New Mexico, currently holds the world record for the largest chili ever grown. This plant frequently produces chilies that are over a foot in length, which is hugely impressive considering that the plant itself never grows more than two feet!
The town of North Curry is in Somerset while West Curry is in Cornwall.
Madras and pathia are both hot and sour dishes. Kashmiri a more subtle and creamy dish usually made with lychees or bananas – or both.
Scientists at Nottingham Trent University have discovered that people begin to crave for a curry because the spices arouse and stimulate the taste buds.
One in seven curries sold in the UK is a chicken tikka masala, making it the most popular Indian restaurant dish in the UK. It is thought to have originated in Britain after an enterprising Indian chef had the idea of adding a tomato and onion paste to the grilled chicken to satisfy the British preference for food that isn’t dry.
The largest naan bread ever made was a whopping 2.75m in diameter and contained meat dumplings – the equivalent of 167 normal sized naan breads. The bread took over ten hours to finish and required twelve chefs, 30kg mutton, 125kg flour, 16kg onion and 90kg of water to cook it.
Southeastern Asian cultures have always mixed a number of spices to flavor their dishes, usually according to recipes handed down from generation to generation.
A common way to categorize Thai curry is by the color of the curry paste used to make the curry dish. Green and red curry paste are the most typical. Yellow and sour curries (also sometimes known as orange curry, gaeng sohm) are also well known. Each has its own particular combination of herbs and spices to make up the curry paste that makes it unique.
‘Panang’ and ‘masaman’ curry are probably the most popular Thai curries in the West, because of their rich tastes.
Finally, if you are eating a curry which is just too hot for you, don’t drink water, that only makes it hotter!
This Quiz Is A Gas – Well The First Question Is.
December 15, 2014 December 13, 2014 fasab Questions, Tests a bat out of hell, air, annual tradition, Antelope, Australia, barium, breathe, Calcium, Capitals, chemical symbol, chemistry, city, country, creature, deer, dendrologist, designed a famous lamp, discovered, education, element, English scientist, Entertainment, ESA, females, first American President of the United States, float on water, Friday, Frying Pan Park, gadwall, gas, Geography, hair, hamster, Herndon, history, Iceland, ISBN number, largest planet in the solar system, leap year, link, Macy's Thanksgiving parade, magnesium, math, mathematics, maths, messenger of the Gods, mouse, mythology, nasa, nature, needle, pardons a turkey, phonetic alphabet, physical property, physics, plants, potassium, President, President of the US, public farm, questions, quiz, Quiz Day, quizzes, Roman Mythology, sacked, science, Shakespearean characters, Sn, sodium, space, squirrel, study, syria, teeth, test, tests, three Capital cities, trees, Uruguay, VA, vandals, Vietnam, Visigoths, year
Hi it’s quiz day again.
The usual mixture of subjects including geography, history, science and nature, so something for everyone perhaps.
And remember, as always, if you get stuck, you can find the answers waaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaay down below, but please NO cheating!
Q. 1: Which gas is the main element in the air that we breathe?
Q. 2: What is the link between the females of the following: Antelope, Deer, Hamster, Mouse, and Squirrel?
Q. 3: Every year around this time the President of the US pardons a turkey and it goes to a public farm called Frying Pan Park, Herndon, VA., to live out its days, but which President is believed to have been the first to start this annual tradition?
Q. 4: What do the terms ‘NASA’ and ‘ESA’ stand for? (A point for each correct answer.)
Q. 5: What type of creature is a ‘gadwall’?
Q. 6: Who was the first American President of the United States?
Q. 7: Which physical property allows a needle to float on water?
Q. 8: Name the Capitals of the following countries. (A point for each correct answer.)
a) Australia b) Iceland c) Syria d) Uruguay e) Vietnam
Q. 9: And a related question, which country has three Capital cities? (A point for the correct answer and a bonus point for each one you name correctly.)
Q. 10: In what year did the first Macy’s Thanksgiving/Christmas parade take place?
a) 1924 b) 1927 c) 1931 d) 1935
Q. 11: What is represented by the chemical symbol ‘Sn’?
Q. 12: In Roman Mythology, who was the messenger of the Gods?
Q. 13: When is the next leap year that will begin on a Friday?
Q. 14: What does a ‘dendrologist’ study?
a) Hair b) Trees c) Teeth d) Plants
Q. 15: What two famous Shakespearean characters appear in the phonetic alphabet? (A point for each one you name correctly.)
Q. 16: Which is the largest planet in the solar system?
Q. 17: Which English scientist discovered Sodium, Potassium, Barium, Calcium, Magnesium, and designed a famous lamp?
Q. 18: Where would you find an ‘ISBN’ number?
Q. 19: Which city was sacked by the Visigoths in 410 and the Vandals in 455?
Q. 20: Who was going like ‘a bat out of hell’ in the late 1970s?
A. 1: Nitrogen. (By volume, dry air contains 78.09% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.039% carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases.)
A. 2: They are all called ‘Doe’.
A. 3: President Harry Truman in 1947.
A. 4: NASA is the North American Space Agency and ESA is the European Space Agency.
A. 5: A duck.
A. 6: The first President of the United States, born in the United States after July 4th, 1776, and therefore American, was Martin Van Buren (born in 1782).
A. 7: Surface tension.
A. 8: The correct answers are
a) Canberra b) Reykjavík c) Damascus d) Montevideo e) Hanoi
A. 9: South Africa – Pretoria (executive), Bloemfontein (judicial) and Cape Town (legislative).
A. 10: The correct answer is a) 1924.
A. 11: ‘Sn’ is the chemical symbol for Tin.
A. 12: Mercury.
A. 13: 2016. (It’s easier than you think, any leap year starting on Friday, January 1, should be divisible by 28, such as 1932, 1960, 1988, or 2044.
A. 14: The correct answer is b) trees.
A. 15: Romeo and Juliet.
A. 16: Jupiter.
A. 17: Sir Humphrey Davy.
A. 18: On a book.
A. 19: Rome.
A. 20: Meat Loaf.
Shock Headline – The President Agrees With Me!
August 31, 2014 August 30, 2014 fasab Current Events, Politics, War Afghanistan, America, anti-Assad, Assad, Assad regime, attacked, beyond any and all doubt, blog, Christians, confused, correcting the mistake, crux, Current Events, cynics, debacle, does not understand the severity of the problem, fellow Muslims, fight against the terrorists, Foreign Policy, foreign policy failure on a grand scale, fundamentalist Islamic state, funding, hatred, humble pie, idiots, ill-informed politicians, iraq, ISIS, Islamic terrorists, long term threat, middle-east, militant, most powerful man in the world, most powerful military organization in the world, murdered, noise, none of our business, November elections, Obama administration, Obama team, Obama's team, Opinion, politicians, politics, President of the United States, process, Rants, Republican camp, same side, support ISIS, syria, targets, Terrorists, the president, the Sunday Sermon, Thoughts, US, US Administration's problem, US president, Vietnam, volte face, War, well armed, well funded, well supported, west, wrong move, wrong reasons
I’ve been saying it for a long time – and now the President of the United States agrees with me – he doesn’t know WTF he’s doing!
I can’t say as I take much satisfaction from his admission though.
The US President is the most powerful man in the world and he has at his disposal the most powerful military organization in the world.
Yet he doesn’t know what to do with it, when to do it, or even who to aim it at!
A bit of it, belatedly and half-heartedly, is now pointing at ISIS targets in Iraq and Syria. Yes, you’re right, they are the very same Islamic terrorists he was funding for a while in Syria! He says he wasn’t, but in practice he was.
You should be.
Because the Obama Administration certainly is!
Indeed Obama’s team of idiots have confused themselves to the degree that they don’t know what to do and are afraid to do it even if they did!
The situation is not being helped by the noise coming from the equally ill-informed politicians in the Republican camp either. Some cynics would say they are doing a lot of it with the November elections in mind!
As I’ve said before on this blog, America has never been good at foreign policy. There are so many examples over the years to prove this beyond any and all doubt (Iraq, Afghanistan, Vietnam, now Syria). But this latest debacle could turn out to be foreign policy failure on a grand scale.
This is simply down to the fact that, even yet, the Obama administration clearly does not understand the severity of the problem. They haven’t managed to process the long term threat that a well armed, well supported and well funded group like ISIS can become.
Everyone – except the President and his people apparently – knows that these terrorists will not be content even if they are allowed to establish a fundamentalist Islamic state in the Middle East. Their hatred of anything and everything in the West is total.
In fact, as we have seen in Iraq and Syria, their hatred even extends to fellow Muslims who they do not consider to be ‘militant enough’ and they have attacked and murdered them in just the same ways as they have attacked and murdered Christians.
In Syria, which is none of our business, the Obama team thought they wanted the Assad regime removed, and to get that done they thought they could support ISIS (or the anti-Assad fighters of whom ISIS were always destined to be a big part).
Now the US may well find itself on the same side as Assad in a fight against the terrorists. And that may be the crux of the US Administration’s problem. They made the wrong move, at the wrong time, in the wrong place, for all the wrong reasons and correcting the mistake will require a major volte face and sizeable portion of humble pie.
Are they big enough to swallow it?
We’ll see.
I’m Starting A One-Man Band – Email Me If You’re Interested.
July 31, 2014 July 25, 2014 fasab comedy, Humour, Language, Puns a front, age, amusing, Annette, bad jokes, bend over, birthday, Comedy, disappointed, drop my trousers, Entertainment, factual, fiancée, Fishing, flying off the shelves, friends, funny, girlfriend, Gordon Ramsay, Hanoi, headlines, heartbreaking, Humor, Humour, jokes, lilo, literally, little boy, metaphorical, mixed reception, My post box, new book, new doctor, New York flights, newspaper, number, pants, piles, play darts, police officer, Poltergeists, pun, pun day, puns, racially segregate, Rod, silly jokes, stolen, stupid, stupid jokes, swimming inflatables, tear jerking tales, thrown a milk bottle, time traveler's convention, touched by my Granddad, Vietnam, weather, wedding, whole name, word, word play, word plays, WOrld War Two, youths
Welcome to the last Pun Day….
Of this July that is, I hope you didn’t get your hopes up too high.
Anyway here are the latest offerings.
This nice weather doesn’t fool me one bit.
It’s just a front.
What do you call a couple
who go fishing together?
Rod and Annette.
I hate jokes about Vietnam.
They really Hanoi me.
My new book about Poltergeists
is flying off the shelves.
I was touched by my Granddad
when I was a little boy.
His tear jerking tales of world war two
were simply heartbreaking.
I was telling the police officer
how local youths had thrown
a milk bottle at me and just missed.
He asked, “Skimmed past your face?”
I replied, “No, full fat over my shoulder.”
‘My post box’
has got nine letters in it.
I told my fiancee and friends that I wanted
to racially segregate our wedding.
They didn’t really warm to it.
I was met with a mixed reception.
Age isn’t
“just a number”
– it’s quite clearly a word
People who confuse
the metaphorical and the factual
make my head literally explode.
My girlfriend was disappointed when
I bought her New York flights for her birthday.
But not as disappointed as I was when
I found out she didn’t even play darts.
I’ve just stolen loads of swimming inflatables.
I’d better lilo.
I went to see my new doctor this morning about my piles.
He told me to drop my trousers and pants and bend over.
As I pulled my cheeks apart, he said,
“I’m going to need your whole name.”
I said, “I just call it my asshole.”
Gordon Ramsay reminds me of a newspaper.
Only with more headlines.
Time traveller’s convention next June.
I’m there.
Herbs For Sale: Please No Thyme Wasters!
June 26, 2014 June 23, 2014 fasab comedy, Humour, Language, Puns 6 month old son, amusing, animals, apologise, baby bouncers, bad jokes, beads, bird, bus, Comedy, cymbalizes, cymbals, devastated, doctor delivered me, Entertainment, friend, funny, funny jokes, game, giant butterfly contest, girlfriend, hearing aid for sale, herbs, Humor, Humour, invent a cleaner, italics exam, jokes, kid safe, lamppost, liver, lucky, making fun, man, McDonald's, missing poster, morons, Moth, no matter or particles, old guy, park, play on words, playing chess, pun, pun day, puns, regular customer, respect, rimshot, ring, sellotape, Shakespeare, shoelaces, shout, silly jokes, son, sorry, stupid, stupid jokes, tennis, The Love Machine, thyme, Toucan, vacuum, Vietnam, Vietnam vet, volume of space, What's done cannot be undone, wife, win, word play, word plays
Are you are looking for some really funny jokes?
Well, never mind.
Try these instead.
Enjoy or endure!!
I just saw a bird playing chess in the park.
Toucan play at that game.
If a vacuum is a volume of space
that contains no matter or particles,
why did someone bother to invent a cleaner for it?
My son got straight A’s in his italics exam.
Which actually cost him quite a few marks.
24 years ago today the doctor delivered me.
I can’t believe I’ve survived so long without a liver.
I just bought my 6 month old son one of those baby bouncers.
£10 an hour but he keeps the kid safe
My wife used to be a regular customer at McDonalds.
These days, she’s more of a large.
Hearing aid for sale.
Give me a shout if you’re interested.
A man came up to me and said,
“Sorry, sorry, sorry, sorry, sorry, sorry, sorry.”
I said, “That is very annoying.”
He said, “Well I can only apologize.”
I’m lucky, I can always count on my wife.
She wears a lot of beads.
“What’s done cannot be undone.”
They obviously didn’t have shoelaces in Shakespeare’s day.
So these two morons were making fun
of an old guy on the bus yesterday.
My friend said,
“You have to respect him, he’s a Vietnam vet.”
They just said
“What’s it to us if he helps animals in Vietnam.”
Why did I say I’d win that giant butterfly contest?
Me and my big moth.
I just saw two bits of sellotape stuck to a lamppost.
Must have been a missing poster.
My girlfriend was devastated to find out
that my friends call me
‘The Love Machine’
because I’m terrible at tennis.
Finally for today, this ring cymbalizes so much to me.
http://instantrimshot.com/index.php?sound=rimshot&play=true
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I Have Squandered My Resistance - fauxklore
I Have Squandered My Resistance
Celebrity Death Watch: Matt Marks was a composer, who founded the contemporary classical music group Alarm Will Sound. Margot Kidder was an actress, best known for playing Lois Lane in Superman. Tom Murphy was an Irish playwright. Joseph Campanella was a ubiquitous actor, with roles in soap operas and movies and game show appearances. Nicole Fontaine was the President of the European Parliament from 1999 to 2002. Sir James Eberle was the Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Navy for a couple of years around 1980, which I think means he was the Ruler of the Queen’s Nav-ee. Patricia Morison starred in Kiss Me, Kate on Broadway. Stanley Falkow was a biologist who discovered how antibiotic-resistance spread among bacteria. I saw an obituary that noted he was survived by his microbes.
Tom Wolfe was a writer, of both non-fiction (the new journalism) and fiction. I’d say he was, in general, better at the former, but his novel The Bonfire of the Vanities did have some marvelous writing. I particularly liked the description of a certain class of women as "social x-rays."
Work is Crazy Busy: My corporate boss is now on vacation. The process of him getting ready to leave, meant I had to finish a point paper and develop briefing slides on another subject, all while having a two-day meeting to handle at the same time. In theory, things should be slower over the next two weeks – but my government boss is back after being out for a combination of training, vacation, and minor surgery, so I am sure I will need to spend some time catching him up on some things.
It’s a pity that I am addicted to a middle-class lifestyle, which work enables.
Seeing Paul Simon in Oregon: I rushed out of the office on Friday afternoon and headed to IAD. I was off to PDX. Portland is a city I have deeply mixed feelings about. There’s natural beauty in the surroundings, but the city itself is architecturally undistinguished and full of a disturbing mix of smug hipsters and homeless people. On the plus side, it has an excellent rose garden. And Powell’s.
I had a nice long chat with my cousin, visited the Jewish Museum of Oregon, and, yes, got sucked into Powell’s. I escaped for a mere 10 bucks, largely because I have too much of a book backlog as it is. My purchases included Comrade Don Camillo, a book I have been looking for for 20+ years. (I should note that my favorite of Guareschi’s books is a non-series one, The House That Nino Built. But I am a completist. Or obsessive. Or both.)
But the whole reason for the trip was that I decided I really had to see Paul Simon during his final tour and this was the concert date that worked best for my schedule. Yes, it is crazy to fly cross-country for such things, but it’s not like it’s the first time I’ve done such a thing. The concert was at the Moda Center, which is conveniently accessible via light rail. I don’t normally go to shows at big venues, so it was an unusual event for me. But it was definitely worth it. From the opening moments, when he sang "America," I was swept up in his poetry and nostalgia for so many songs over so many years. Here’s a set list (copied from a review on-line because I tried scribbling notes but it was dark in the arena and I got C's in penmanship all through elementary school, so I couldn’t read half of my handwriting):
1.America
2.50 Ways to Leave Your Lover
3.The Boy in the Bubble
4.Dazzling Blue
5.That Was Your Mother
6.Rewrite
7.Mother and Child Reunion
8.Me and Julio Down by the Schoolyard
9.Rene and Georgette Magritte With Their Dog After the War
10.Can’t Run But
11.Wristband
12.Spirit Voices
13.The Obvious Child
14.The Cool, Cool River
15.The 59th Street Bridge Song (Feelin’ Groovy)
16.Diamonds on the Soles of Her Shoes
17.You Can Call Me Al
18.Kodachrome
19.Mrs. Robinson
20.Still Crazy After All These Years
21.Homeward Bound
22.Graceland
23.The Boxer
24.Late in the Evening
25.Questions for the Angels
26.The Sound of Silence
By the way, he did "Feelin’ Groovy," which he said he loathes, to punish himself for forgetting the lyrics to "The Cool, Cool, River." Yeah, it’s a dumb song, but I defy you to cross the 59th Street Bridge without getting it stuck in your head.
It was a great mix of familiar and un, with excellent back-up musicians. Overall, well worth the trip.
Tags: celebrity death watch, music, travel, words
ragnarok_08 on May 22nd, 2018 04:30 am (UTC)
Glad that it went well for you :)
zyzyly on May 22nd, 2018 04:49 am (UTC)
Interestingly, one of my news feeds today had a headline that read something like, "Paul Simon Plays Song He Hates for Oregon Audience."
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Freedom in the World 2003
- Select year - 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 1999 1998
Freedom Rating
(1 = best, 7 = worst)
The Iranian government continued to be divided between reformers on the one hand, who control the presidency, parliament, and most other elected offices, and conservative hard-liners on the other hand, who dominate the judiciary, security services, and broadcast media. Efforts by reformers to bring about political, social, and economic reforms have ground to a halt, while a drive by conservatives to roll back the expansion of public freedoms has encountered stiff public resistance.
In 1979, Iran witnessed a tumultuous revolution that ousted a hereditary monarchy marked by widespread corruption and brought into power the exiled cleric Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, who presided over the establishment of the modern world's first Islamic republic. The constitution drafted by his disciples amalgamated Western concepts of popular sovereignty and representation with Khomeini's interpretation of the Shi'a concept of velayat-e faqih (guardianship of the jurisconsult), which holds that government decisions must be authorized by religious scholars. A president and parliament elected through universal adult suffrage coexisted with the 12-member Council of Guardians, consisting of senior clerics, empowered to approve all presidential and parliamentary candidates and certify that all laws passed by parliament are in accord with Sharia (Islamic law).
Khomeini was named supreme leader-for-life and invested with control over the security and intelligence services, armed forces, and judiciary. After Khomeini's death in June 1989, the role of supreme leader passed to Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, a middle-ranking cleric who lacked the religious credentials and popularity of his predecessor. The constitution was changed to consolidate his power and give him final authority on all matters of foreign and domestic policy.
By 1997, dismal economic conditions and a demographic trend toward a younger population had created widespread dissatisfaction. Mohammed Khatami, a former culture minister advocating greater freedoms, extensive political and economic reforms, and improved foreign relations, was elected president with 69 percent of the vote. Reformers made considerable strides over the next few years in expanding freedoms. Dozens of reformist newspapers representing diverse views were allowed to publish, and the authorities relaxed the enforcement of strict Islamic dress codes for women and restrictions on social interaction. Although rogue security operatives acting on behalf of high-ranking clerics murdered several liberal intellectuals, the political tide appeared to be on the side of reformers. Reformists won 80 percent of the seats in the country's first nationwide municipal elections in 1999 and took the overwhelming majority of parliamentary seats the following year.
The 2000 parliamentary elections evidenced a backlash by conservatives that continues to this day. Dozens of reformist newspapers have been shut down, and hundreds of liberal journalists and students, as well as political activists, have been jailed, mostly on charges of defamation and spreading false information about the government. The December 2001 conviction of Hossein Loqmanian on charges of insulting the judiciary marked the first time since the 1979 revolution that a member of parliament was imprisoned. Although Khatami was reelected in June 2001 with 78 percent of the vote, this popular mandate for change has not reduced the virtually absolute power of conservatives. Numerous pieces of legislation intended to introduce further reforms have passed parliament only to be vetoed by the Council of Guardians.
If the reform drive in Iran were merely a struggle for power within the ruling elite, Khatami's lack of real power and failure to institutionalize early gains in the liberalization process would indicate bleak prospects for sweeping change in Iran. However, the elites' struggle is largely an institutional response to broad-based demands of society at large. The level of popular hostility to clerical rule in Iran has reached the point where, according to numerous independent press reports, mullahs take off their distinctive robes and headwear when travelling through many areas of the Iranian capital.
Despite Khatami's recurrent pleas to abstain from civil disobedience, popular demonstrations in major cities such as Tehran, Isfahan, Shiraz, and Tabriz have grown in size and intensity. Iran is one of the only countries in the Muslim world where the people are gravitating overwhelmingly away from radical Islamism: sociologists say that less than half of Iranian youth fast or even attend prayers during Ramadan. As a result, a resignation by Khatami could potentially bring the entire system down. Few observers believe that the "rump" clerical regime that remains after his departure would be able to maintain control of the country by force alone.
There appears to be a growing recognition within some sections of the clerical establishment that reform, rather than threatening the Islamic Republic, is the only way to save it. In July 2002, the Imam of Isfahan, Ayatollah Jalaleddin Taheri, resigned from his post and condemned the "crookedness, negligence and weakness" of hardliners who continue to obstruct change. The defection of Taheri--a contemporary of Khomeini and the highest religious authority in a city regarded as the epicenter of the 1979 revolution--suggests that time may be on Khatami's side.
In September 2002, Khatami introduced two bills that would curb the power of the Council of Guardians to vet electoral candidates and increase presidential oversight of the judiciary. Khatami's aides have said that he will either resign or call a national referendum on the fate of the Islamic Republic if the two bills, both of which were approved by parliament, are rejected by the Council of Guardians. Many believe that Khamenei will not dare take this risk.
However, hard-line elements within the clerical and security establishment appear to have misjudged the depth of popular resentment against the regime and seem intent on provoking tensions, if not outright hostilities, with the United States, in hopes that this will unify ranks within the regime and ensure public quiescence. The involvement of Iranian security agencies in shipping weapons to the Palestinians, harboring al-Qaeda leaders, and covertly funding obstructionist Afghan warlords during the year may have been motivated less by quixotic militancy than by a desire to create conditions ripe for a coup.
Political Rights and Civil Liberties:
Iranians cannot change their government democratically. The most powerful governing institutions in Iran, such as the Council of Guardians and the judiciary, are neither elected nor subservient to elected bodies. Moreover, the council vets all national and municipal electoral candidates for strict allegiance to the ruling theocracy and adherence to Islamic principles. Of the 814 candidates who declared their intention to run in the 2001 presidential election, only 10 were approved. The supreme leader is chosen for life by the Assembly of Experts, a clerics-only body whose members are elected to eightyear terms by popular vote from a government-screened list of candidates.
Iranian security forces continued to subject citizens to arbitrary arrest and incommunicado detention in 2002. Suspected dissidents are often held in unofficial, illegal detention centers, such as Prison 59, a facility in Tehran administered by the Intelligence Ministry and the Revolutionary Guards. Hard-line vigilante groups have committed extrajudicial killings in the past with the tacit consent of the security agencies, but Khatami's government was unable to thoroughly investigate and punish those responsible.
During the trial of intelligence officials accused of ordering the 1998 killings of several dissidents, a former intelligence minister was implicated by one of the defendants but never investigated. Recent legislation designed to limit the power of the security agencies was vetoed by the Council of Guardians. In June 2002, the council rejected a bill, passed by parliament, that aimed to limit the use of torture and the admissibility of forced confessions in criminal trials.
The judiciary is not independent. The supreme leader directly appoints the head of the judiciary, who in turn appoints the Supreme Court and other senior judges. Bribery is common. Civil courts provide some procedural safeguards, though judges often serve simultaneously as prosecutors during trials. Political and other sensitive cases are tried before Revolutionary Courts, where detainees are denied access to legal counsel and due process is ignored. The penal code is based on Sharia and provides for flogging, stoning, amputation, or death for a range of social and political offenses.
Freedom of expression is limited. The government directly controls all television and radio broadcasting and has recently begun jamming RFE/RL Persian service broadcasts and selectively enforcing a ban on satellite dishes. Following the reformist sweep of legislative elections in 2000, the outgoing parliament passed amendments to the 1995 Press Law granting extensive procedural and jurisdictional power to the Press Court in prosecuting journalists, editors and publishers for such vaguely-worded offenses as "insulting Islam" or "damaging the foundations of the Islamic Republic." Bills introduced by the current parliament to reverse the amendments and introduce other judicial reforms were rejected by the Guardian Council. Since 2000, over 85 publications have been shut down by the judiciary and dozens of journalists have been arrested, often held incommunicado for extended periods of time and convicted in closed-door trials.
In April 2002, the editor of the regional weekly Chams-e-Tabriz, Ali-Hamed Iman, was sentenced to eight months in prison and 74 lashes, while Ahmed Zeid-Abadi, a journalist for the reformist weekly Hamchahri, was sentenced to 23 months in prison and a 5-year ban on all public activity. In May, a journalist for the weekly Payam-e- Qom, Hojat Heydari, was given a four-month suspended sentence and banned from working as a journalist for six months. Siamak Pourzand, a 71-year-old journalist for Hayat-e-No, was sentenced to 11 years in prison for "undermining state security" and "having contacts with monarchists and counter-revolutionaries." Mohsen Mirdamadi, a member of parliament and editor of the daily Nawrooz who is close to Khatami, was given a six-month prison sentence and banned from holding a "senior position" at any publication for four years. In October, the authorities arrested Yussefi Eshkevari, a theologian and journalist for the monthly Jamee-e-No, and enforced a seven-year sentence he had previously received from the religious court for various infractions, such as saying that females are not required by Islam to wear the veil. In early November, reformist scholar Hashem Aghajari was sentenced to death for blasphemy. After thousands of university students demonstrated in his support Ayatollah Khamenei ordered the judiciary to review the sentence.
In 2002, several decrees were issued which explicitly banned media coverage of specific topics. In May, the judiciary announced a ban on publishing articles about Iranian-American relations. In July, a decree banned press coverage of Ayatollah Taheri's resignation. A day later, the reformist daily Azad was closed for defying the ban. In September, the managing editor of the Islamic Republic News Agency (IRNA) was summoned for questioning after the IRNA published the results of a public opinion poll showing that 74 percent of Iranians support talks with the United States. The head of the National Institute of Public Opinion was arrested in early October and held incommunicado for over a month for publishing the poll, while the heads of two private research institutes that had conducted the poll were arrested in November.
The government does not censor or monitor the Internet. Periodic closures of cybercafes have been intended mainly to protect the state telecommunications company against competition from inexpensive Internet telephone services. Several newspapers that were banned in 2002, such as Bonyan and Norous, have continued publishing on the Web.
The 1979 constitution prohibits public demonstrations that "violate the principles of Islam," a vague provision used to justify the heavy-handed dispersal of assemblies and marches. Violent disruptions of demonstration are usually carried out by Ansar-e Hezbollah, a vigilante group linked to hardline government figures.
The constitution permits the establishment of political parties, professional syndicates, and other civic organizations, provided they do not violate the principles of "freedom, sovereignty and national unity" or question the Islamic basis of the republic. In July 2002, the Revolutionary Court in Tehran outlawed the 44-year-old Iran Freedom Movement and handed down prison sentences of up to 10 years to 33 of its leading members, including such notable political figures as Hashem Sabaghian, the interior minister in Iran's first postrevolutionary cabinet, and former Tehran mayor Mohammed Tavasoli. There are no independent trade unions. The government-controlled Workers' House is the only legal federation, and workers may not strike. Unauthorized labor demonstrations are often forcibly dispersed by police.
Although women enjoy the same political rights as men and currently hold several seats in parliament, a few cabinet positions, and even one of Iran's vice presidencies, they face discrimination in legal and social matters. A woman cannot obtain a passport without the permission of a male relative or her husband and women do not enjoy equal rights under laws governing divorce, child custody disputes, or inheritance. A woman's testimony in court is given only half the weight of a man's. Women must conform to strict dress codes and are segregated from men in most public places. Several pieces of legislation intended to give women equal rights, such as a bill on divorce law that parliament approved in August 2002, have been rejected by the Council of Guardians.
Religious freedom is limited in Iran, which is 89 percent Shi'a Muslim and 10 percent Sunni Muslim. The constitution recognizes Zoroastrians, Jews, and Christians as religious minorities and generally allows them to worship without interference, but they are barred from election to representative bodies (though a set number of parliamentary seats are reserved for them), cannot hold senior government or military positions, and face restrictions in employment, education, and property ownership. In October 2002, Iran granted early release to 3 of the 13 Jews who were convicted in a closed-door trial of spying for Israel in 2000.
Some 300,000 Bahai's, Iran's largest non-Muslim minority, enjoy virtually no rights under the law. They face official discrimination, a complete denial of property rights, a ban on university admission, employment restrictions, and prohibitions on practicing and teaching their faith. Their marriages are not recognized by the government, which leaves women open to charges of prostitution and their children regarded as illegitimate and thus without inheritance rights. Hundreds of Bahai's have been executed since 1979. Recently, prominent Sunni activists have spoken out about discrimination, pointing to the absence of a Sunni mosque in the Iranian capital.
There are few laws that discriminate against ethnic minorities, who are permitted to establish community centers and certain cultural, social, sports, and charitable associations. However, Kurdish demands for more autonomy and a greater voice in the appointment of a regional governor have not been met. Most Kurds are Sunnis and therefore face discrimination on that basis. Advocates protesting for greater cultural autonomy for Azeris have been arrested in recent years.
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Have/Want Lists - Ed
Items in English
1 on 1 Adventure Gamebooks Wants: None. Has: [2]
Advanced Dungeons & Dragons Adventure Gamebooks Wants: None. Has: [3]
Advanced Fighting Fantasy Wants: None. Has: Out of the Pit, Titan: The Fighting Fantasy World, [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
Adventure Gamebooks Wants: None. Has: [1], [2]
Adventures of Goldhawk Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4]
Asterix Adventure Games Wants: None. Has: [1]
Back to the Future Wants: None. Has: [4], [5], [6]
Be an Interplanetary Spy Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12]
Beyond the Labyrinth Wants: None. Has: Beyond the Labyrinth
Blood Sword Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
The Book of Wizardry Wants: None. Has: The Book of Wizardry
Car Wars Adventure Gamebooks Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]
Choose Your Own Adventure (1979-1998) Wants: None. Has: [1], [5] (original version), [6], [7], [12], [13], [14], [16], [18], [21], [26], [28], [31], [37], [38], [39], [40], [43], [44], [46], [47], [62], [68], [69], [70], [71], [72], [80], [83], [118], [130], [137], [162], [172], [174]
The Chronicles of the Magi Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3]
Club Penguin Pick Your Path Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4]
Combat Command Wants: [9] Has: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8]
Combat Heroes Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4]
Count Duckula Adventure Scratchgame Wants: None. Has: House Arrest
Cretan Chronicles Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3]
The Crystal Maze Wants: None. Has: The Crystal Maze
DestinyQuest Wants: None. Has: [1]
Diceman Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
Dicing with Dragons Wants: None. Has: Dicing with Dragons, Eye of the Dragon
Doctor Who Wants: None. Has: [1], [2]
Doctor Who: Decalog Collections Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
Doctor Who: Decide Your Destiny (Series 1) Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12]
Doctor Who: New Adventures Novels Wants: [61] Has: None.
Doctor Who: Past Doctor Adventures Novels Wants: None. Has: [54]
Doctor Who: Telos Novellas Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14]
Double Game Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4]
Duel Master Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4]
Earth Brain Wants: None. Has: Earth Brain: A Space Adventure Gamebook
Eternal Champions Wants: None. Has: [1], [2]
The Eye of the Idol Wants: None. Has: The Eye of the Idol
Fabled Lands Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]
Falcon Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]
The Famous Five and You Wants: None. Has: [1], [2]
Fantom Empires Wants: None. Has: [1]
Fatemaster Wants: None. Has: [1], [2]
FEAR Adventures Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
Fighting Fantasy (1982-1995, Puffin) Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57], [58], [59]
Fighting Fantasy (2002-2007, Wizard Books Series 1) Wants: None. Has: Fighting Fantasy Box Set 2, Sorcery! Box Set, [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29]
Fighting Fantasy 10th Anniversary Yearbook Wants: None. Has: Fighting Fantasy 10th Anniversary Yearbook
Fighting Fantasy Novels Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4], [6]
Fighting Fantasy: Clash of the Princes Wants: None. Has: Clash of the Princes, The Warlock's Way, The Warrior's Way
Fighting Fantasy: The Introductory Role-Playing Game Wants: None. Has: Fighting Fantasy: The Introductory Role-Playing Game, Out of the Pit, The Riddling Reaver, Titan: The Fighting Fantasy World
Fighting Fantazine Wants: None. Has: Resurrection of the Dead, [1], [2]
Find Your Fate Wants: None. Has: [5]
Find Your Fate - Doctor Who Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]
Forbidden Gateway Wants: None. Has: [1], [2]
Freeway Warrior Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4]
GM Wants: None. Has: The Battle of Cetza, [4]
Golden Dragon Fantasy Gamebooks Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]
Grailquest Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8]
GURPS Wants: None. Has: All in a Night's Work, GURPS Basic Set
Have Your Own Extra-Terrestrial Adventure Wants: None. Has: Have Your Own Extra-Terrestrial Adventure
Hero's Challenge: Sagard the Barbarian Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4]
HeroQuest Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3]
Horror Classics Wants: None. Has: [1], [2]
Intergalactic Quest Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4]
James Bond 007 Wants: None. Has: The Island of Dr. No, James Bond 007 Basic Game
Knightmare Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]
The Legends of Skyfall Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4]
Lemmings Adventure Gamebooks Wants: None. Has: [1], [2]
Life's Lottery Wants: None. Has: Life's Lottery
Lone Wolf (1984-1998) Wants: None. Has: Fire on the Water, Flight from the Dark, [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13] ((British)), [14] (British), [15] (British), [16] (British), [17] (British), [18] (British), [19] (British), [20] (British), [21] (British), [22] (British), [23] (British)
Lone Wolf (2007-) Wants: [16] Has: The All Seeing One, The Crown of King Alin IV, Echoes of Lost Light, The Key to the Future, Masquerade in Hikas, Ruanon, The Tomb of the Majhan, Vonotar's Web, [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [12], [13], [17], [18]
Maelstrom Wants: None. Has: Maelstrom, A Solo Adventure
The Magnamund Companion Wants: None. Has: Dawn of the Darklords, The Magnamund Companion
Marvel Super Heroes Adventure Gamebooks (American) Wants: None. Has: [4], [5]
Marvel Super Heroes Adventure Gamebooks (British) Wants: None. Has: [3] (#3 UK), [6] (#6 UK)
Masters of the Universe Adventure Game Book Wants: None. Has: He-Man and the Memory Stone
Middle-earth Quest Wants: None. Has: [6], [7]
Miscellaneous Works by Jorge Luis Borges Wants: None. Has: Ficciones
Miscellaneous Works by Kim Newman Wants: None. Has: BFI TV Classics: Doctor Who, Jago, The Night Mayor, The Quorum
The Monster Horrorshow Wants: None. Has: The Labyrinth of Squat, The Monster Horrorshow
Moshi Monsters Pick Your Path Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4]
Oink Wants: None. Has: [5], [22]
Paranoia Wants: None. Has: Clones in Space, Paranoia Player Handbook, Paranoia: Second Edition, A Solitaire Adventure
Paranoia Novels Wants: None. Has: [1]
Plot-Your-Own Horror Stories Wants: None. Has: [3] ((UK edition))
Plotbusters Wants: None. Has: The Cosmic Toaster
Prince of Shadows Wants: None. Has: [1], [2]
Proteus Wants: None. Has: In Search of Christmas, [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20]
Psycho-Paths Wants: None. Has: [1]
PuzzleQuest Wants: None. Has: [1], [2]
Real Life Gamebooks Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8]
The Regional Accounts Director of Firetop Mountain Wants: None. Has: The Regional Accounts Director of Firetop Mountain
Rescue the Princess Wants: None. Has: Rescue the Princess
Robin of Sherwood Wants: None. Has: [1], [2]
Sagas of the Demonspawn Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4]
Sherlock Holmes Solo Mysteries Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]
Sonic the Hedgehog Adventure Gamebooks Wants: None. Has: [2]
Sorcerer's Apprentice Wants: None. Has: First Command, Hot Pursuit, The Legend of the __________ (adj) __________ (n), Thief for Hire, [11], [12], [13], [15], [16]
Sorcery! Wants: None. Has: The Sorcery Spellbook, [1], [2], [3], [4]
Spellcaster Gamebooks Wants: None. Has: [1]
Starlight Adventures Wants: None. Has: [3], [6]
Steeleye and the Lost Magic Wants: None. Has: Steeleye and the Lost Magic
Stephen Thraves Compact Adventure Gamebooks Wants: None. Has: [4], [8]
Terror T.R.A.X. Wants: None. Has: [1], [2]
Time Lord Wants: None. Has: Switchback, Time Lord
Tracker Books Wants: None. Has: [4] (Reissue), [8]
The Transformers Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]
Tunnels and Trolls Wants: None. Has: The Amulet of the Salkti and Arena of Khazan, The Amulet of the Salkti, Arena of Khazan, Beyond the Silvered Pane, Captif d'Yvoire, Captif d'Yvoire and Beyond the Silvered Pane, Deathtrap Equalizer Dungeon, Gamesmen of Kasar, Gamesmen of Kasar and Mistywood, Mistywood, Naked Doom (orig and reissue), Naked Doom and Deathtrap Equalizer Dungeon, Pocket Adventure 1: Goblin Lake, Pocket Adventure 2: Abyss, Pocket Adventure 3: Circle of Ice, Sword for Hire and Blue Frog Tavern, Tunnels and Trolls 5.0, [1], [2], [3], [4] (orig and reissue), [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24]
Tunnels and Trolls: Judges Guild Wants: None. Has: [1], [2]
Tunnels and Trolls: Outlaw Press Wants: None. Has: Aberdan's Folly, The Haunting of Tilford's Hollow, Scandal in Stringwater, [5]
Tunnels and Trolls: Tavernmaster Games Wants: None. Has: Dark Harbour, The Halls of the Gorgon, The Hidden Halls of Ogul-Duhr, The Ice Cavern of Isahil
Virgin Adventure Gamebooks Wants: None. Has: [2]
Virtual Reality Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]
Warlock Wants: None. Has: Caverns of the Snow Witch, The Dark Chronicles of Anakendis, Deadline to Destruction, Derek the Troll's 'Orrible Troll-Playing Game!, The Dervish Stone, Dungeon of Justice, The Floating City, Fortress Throngard, The House of Hell, The Land of Changes, Rogue Mage, The Temple of Testing, The Temple of the Pharoah, The Warlock of Firetop Mountain: Part I, The Warlock of Firetop Mountain: Part II, [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13]
The Way of the Tiger Wants: Ninja, [7] Has: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]
Webs of Intrigue Wants: None. Has: [1], [2]
Which Way Books Wants: None. Has: [15]
White Dwarf Wants: None. Has: The Dark Usurper, Part 3, The Mad Dwarf, [31], [61], [62], [63]
Wizards, Warriors & You Wants: None. Has: [1] (UK edition), [2] (UK edition), [3] (UK edition), [4] (UK edition), [5] (UK edition), [6] (UK edition)
The World of Lone Wolf Wants: None. Has: [1], [2], [3], [4]
You Can Be the Stainless Steel Rat Wants: None. Has: You Can Be the Stainless Steel Rat
Your Party Needs You Wants: None. Has: Your Party Needs You: The Election Gamebook
Items in French
La Quête du Graal Wants: None. Has: [6]
Items in German
FantasyAbenteuerSpielbücher Wants: None. Has: Das Universum der Unendlichkeit, [4]
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Location: Main Index » Forum Index » Convention Discussion » Article Discussion » Kano Shimai (Kano Sisters) to appear at Otakon 2008
Article by PatrickD (07-08-08 11:36 PM)
Tokyo, Japan and Baltimore, USA (3 July 2008) – Pony Canyon brings glamorous celebrity sisters for secret announcement
Appearing (courtesy of Japanese entertainment company Pony Canyon) are Kyoko Kano and Mika Kano, the gorgeous, glamorous celebrities famous for their "ultimate, perfect bodies." They're bringing their unique sense of style and sophistication to celebrate Otakon's 15th year – and to make a special announcement at their Saturday panel appearance.
They first appeared as fresh-faced models in high fashion magazines, where they quickly caused a sensation with their unbeatable combination of style, beauty, and extravagant lifestyle. They attracted a large fan base and have been highly sought out for TV show appearances, magazine layouts, and publicity appearances as "the most famous, high-fashion sisters in Japan." Younger sister, MIKA's photobook (which was shot by older sister KYOKO) sold over 200,000 copies, and became a pop-culture phenomenon.
The Kano Sisters are big fans of film and are well-known critics, writing for a variety of Japanese magazines. They've been spotted at many red carpet events and have made many friends in Hollywood. Recently, they lent their voices to the TV anime Time Bokan, where they guest-starred as "the sexy sisters."
KYOKO KANO is the "Lifestyle Producer," known for elegance and sophistication. A role model for many Japanese women, she's the author of many must-read books offering tips on beauty, exercise, and even love and sex advice.
MIKA KANO is known for charm and grace, as well as a winning personality that attracts both men and women of all ages. A former Miss Nippon Grand Prize winner, she frequently appears on TV dramas and variety programs, and has recently released a CD to showcase her vocal talents.
Together, the fabulous Kano Sisters are unbeatable!
Pony Canyon Inc., A Fujisankei Communications Company who releases DVDs of Dragon Ball series, Yu-Gi-Oh!, Duel Monsters, etc. in Japan. They also license Vampire Princess Miyu, Sakura Wars, Steel Angel Kurumi, etc. overseas.
ABOUT OTAKON AND OTAKORP, INC.: Now entering its fifteenth year, Otakon is an annual celebration of Japanese and East Asian popular culture, and also one of the largest gatherings of fans in the United States. Otakon celebrates popular culture as a gateway to deeper understanding of Asian culture, and has grown along with the enthusiasm for anime, manga, video games, and music from the Far East. Since 1999, Otakon has been held in Baltimore, Maryland; currently, Otakon is one of Baltimore's few large, city-wide events, drawing over 22,000 individual members for three days each year (for a paid attendance of over 60,000 "turnstile" attendees). Otakon is a membership-based convention sponsored by Otakorp, Inc., a Pennsylvania-based, 501(c)3 educational non-profit whose mission is to promote the appreciation of Asian culture, primarily through its media and entertainment. Otakorp, Inc. is directed by an all-volunteer, unpaid staff – we are run by fans, for fans.
For more information about Otakorp, Inc., see http://www.otakon.com/otakorp/index.asp
For more information and the latest news on Otakon 2008, see http://www.otakon.com/
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Lets Get Wellington Moving
Recommended Programme
Indicative Package
Economic growth and other plans
Wellington’s transport history
The wider context
Public transport/Mass transit
The Basin Reserve
Parking and journeys
What is Let’s Get Wellington Moving all about?
It’s about working with the people of Wellington to support their aspirations for how our city looks, feels and functions while making it easier and safer for people to get around. It’s also about making sure people can get to regional services and facilities, including the hospital, port, and airport.
What geographical area does this programme cover?
Our focus is the area from Ngauranga Gorge through to the airport, encompassing the central city and CBD, the Wellington Urban Motorway, Wellington Hospital and connections to the eastern and southern suburbs.
Is this programme important if I don’t live in Wellington city?
Yes. The central city has the region’s highest concentration of jobs. Many people who live outside Wellington city travel to, from, and through the central city for work, leisure, to shop and to get to the airport or hospital. What happens in the central city has an impact on people and communities throughout the region. Wherever you live in the region, we’re interested in your needs.
When will we see improvements happen?
We’re proposing an early delivery programme to make a start on moving more people with fewer vehicles. These improvements will support quicker and more reliable bus journeys and will create a better environment for walking and cycling. We expect to see significant progress on these within a few years.
The larger components of the LGWM programme will take longer as they need to go through a detailed business case process – including investigation, design, consultation, funding, and consenting - before they can be built.
What’s the difference between the LGWM Indicative Package announced by the government and the LGWM Recommended Programme of Investment?
The Recommended Programme of Investment reflects LGWM’s ambitions for improving Wellington’s transport system over the next two decades.
The recommended programme was agreed by the LGWM Governance Group in late 2018 and used as the starting point for engagement with central government on the way to developing an indicative package.
The government announced the LGWM Indicative Package on 16 May 2019. The indicative package includes many, but not all, of the elements in the Recommended Programme of Investment. A description of the Indicative Package is here. A description of the Recommended Programme of Investment is here
How does this work fit with what we’ve already agreed we want for Wellington City in the future?
The vision for the city is set out in several documents that have been developed with help and feedback from Wellingtonians. Wellington Towards 2040: Smart Capital is a broad description of the city we are aiming to create with four main goals – to be a people-centred city, connected city, eco-city and to have a dynamic central city. The Urban Growth Plan and Wellington City’s 10-year plan show how the 2040 vision will be translated into action. Improvements to the way the city looks, feels and functions and the way transport supports this are critical to achieving this vision, so this project, and community involvement with it, are key to the city's future.
How does this work fit with other transport projects in the region?
There’s already a lot happening in and around Wellington to improve the transport system. The improvements being considered as part of the LGWM programme will take account of, and build on, these other transport projects. In addition, the government has indicated an estimated $4 billion will be available for other regional transport projects over the next 30 years.
Work already underway around the region includes:
New cycleways on Cobham Drive, Hutt Road, and in other locations.
Bus improvements including a new bus network that provides better access, higher frequencies, new larger buses and a better ticketing system.
Rail improvements including more regular services on the Kapiti and Hutt lines and more park and ride at Waterloo and Porirua.
Improvements to State Highway 1 north of Wellington city, including Transmission Gully motorway, and a new four-lane expressway from Peka Peka to Ōtaki.
Will my rates go up?
The LGWM programme will involve a significant investment in Wellington City to transform the way people travel around the city. This investment will come from both local government and central government funding sources, including rates.
Central government has signalled its support for an indicative $6.4 billion package of transport investments to be funded over 30 years. This gives LGWM greater clarity around possible funding and will help us to determine the likely impact on rates.
Both Wellington City Council and Greater Wellington have provided for some funding in their Long Term Plans, however we expect that additional funding will be required over time and this will be the subject of public consultation as part of the council’s annual plan and long term plan processes.
PUBLIC TRANSPORT / MASS TRANSIT
What is mass transit and where will it go?
Mass transit is a frequent, high capacity, high quality form of public transport, usually separated from other traffic. There are a number of options for the type of mass transit system suitable for Wellington, the focus for investigation in the next stage of the programme is likely to be light rail and trackless trams.
Mass transit will connect Wellington railway station with Newtown and Wellington airport. It is likely that the mass transit corridor through the CBD will be separate from other bus corridors to provide sufficient capacity and priority. The mass transit mode and route, along with how it best integrates with other programme elements will be confirmed at the next stage of detailed investigations.
What is the difference between ‘mass transit’ and ‘rapid transit’?
There is no difference. These terms mean the same thing. LGWM have been using the term ‘mass transit’, but the government has used ‘rapid transit’ as it aligns with their funding category.
Has a decision been made about light rail or trackless trams?
The package announced by government and the programme partners includes funding to progress mass transit. This could be light rail or another new electric mass transit technology that will support the vision for high capacity, high quality public transport, such as trackless trams. This will be confirmed over the next phase of detailed investigations.
Will bus journeys be more reliable?
Bus priority measures through the CBD and on a number of key routes throughout the city will be a key feature of LGWM’s early delivery programme you will see being rolled out over the next few years to support faster and more reliable bus journeys.
What’s next for mass transit?
Once the LGWM programme is endorsed by the three partners, work can begin on investigation, design, and evaluation of mass transit. This work will be extensive.
As part of our Recommended Programme of Investment, we identified a preferred route at a high level, however further investigation is needed to test our assumptions. The final mass transit route will depend on a number of variables, such as the mode of mass transit selected, and how best to integrate mass transit with other programme elements.
This work will involve engagement with the community and with people who could be directly affected.
It will be some time before we know the effects of any design options. We will work to keep the community informed and engage with the public when we have appropriate information.
What is planned at the Basin?
The Basin Reserve is a unique feature of Wellington and presents a transport challenge. With the current road layout, the Basin creates a bottleneck because of conflicts between different transport flows between the airport, the eastern and southern suburbs, the regional hospital, the central city and the rest of the region.
Once the LGWM programme is endorsed by the three partners, work will begin on developing minor at-grade changes to improve reliable access for all modes.
We will also commence work on detailed investigation of grade separation between north-south movements, east-west movements and any mass transit corridors.
LGWM has ruled out the previous Basin Bridge proposal which was rejected by the Board of Inquiry in 2014.
Initial analysis suggests that there are other less intrusive options to separate conflicting transport movements and improve flows at the Basin
More detailed investigation will help determine which form of grade separation will provide the best outcomes for the transport network and the community. Engagement with the community will be needed to explore and develop a design that achieves transport outcomes, is sympathetic to the local geography, enhances the use of the Basin, and improves amenity around the reserve.
Is the Basin flyover/ Basin Bridge still on the cards?
Let’s Get Wellington Moving has ruled out the previous Basin Bridge proposal which was rejected by the Board of Inquiry in 2014.
What’s next for Mt Victoria and Ruahine St/Wellington Rd widening?
Once the programme is endorsed by the three partners, work can begin on investigation, design, and evaluation of an extra Mt Victoria tunnel and any road widening.
What will you use extra capacity for?
The government’s expectation is that priority will be given to public transport and dedicated walking and cycling facilities. The best use of the extra capacity will be determined as part of the business case process.
Will the LGWM programme impact on on-street parking around Wellington?
As more people move around the city we need to make decisions about how we best use our roads. More road space will be needed for walking, cycling and public transport. To allow for this, it’s likely on-street parking on some streets and/or at certain times of the day will need to be removed.
There are a number of ways on-street parking loss could be addressed. In some areas, nearby streets have spare parking capacity to absorb the shortfall from removing spaces. In other areas, parking may need to be removed during the morning or afternoon peaks. In other areas still, more short-stay spaces could be provided in off-street car parks.
Will cars be banned from the Golden Mile?
We will be making changes to how road space is allocated along the Golden Mile to give more priority to buses and create a more people-focussed environment. We’ll ask you what you think of options to improve the Golden Mile next year. Options will need to provide for vehicle access to properties and for deliveries.
How will car journeys be affected by the programme and its construction?
The focus of the LGWM programme is moving more people with fewer vehicles. This means some road space will need to be re-allocated, particularly in the central city and along the new mass transit routes.
As a result, driving a car into or through the central city will be less attractive for many people – especially during the weekday peak – and there will be some delays and disruption during construction of the larger projects. That’s why we need to get started on an early delivery programme to help provide more choice for how people get into and around the central city - by making it easier and more attractive to walk, cycle and take public transport - as soon as possible.
It’s also important we ensure that critical vehicles trips like freight, deliveries, tradespeople, and emergency vehicles can still move around the network reliably.
Please check the FAQs on the property page
Let’s Get Wellington Moving is a joint initiative between Wellington City Council, Greater Wellington Regional Council, and the NZ Transport Agency. Our focus is the area from Ngauranga Gorge to the airport, encompassing the Wellington Urban Motorway and connections to the central city, hospital, and the eastern and southern suburbs.
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Fundación Secretariado Statement on the recent cases of antigypsy hate crimes committed in France based on fake news
Romani Lesson
Starting from Zero
The Most Painful Tattoo
#LeonorDropsoutSchool
Have a look at your dreams
“WHEN I GROW UP I WANT TO BE…”
Employment makes us equal[editar]
Employment is one of the pillars of social inclusion. Today, many Roma encounter great difficulty in entering the labour market through paid employment. Prejudices and stereotypes towards Roma act as barriers to employment. In order to combat these barriers, the Fundación Secretariado Gitano (FSG) launched the “Employment makes us equal” campaign in 2007. A picture, the box, was developed as a symbol of the pigeonholing to which the Roma population is subjected. Breaking out of the box and overcoming these prejudices served as a basis for the different elements of the campaign.
Four posters were created, which featured four Roma who used the tools of their respective trades to erase the margins of the box, symbolising the dissolution of stereotypes through their work. These posters were adapted for press releases, folders or street furniture, among other advertisement outlets.
Based on the same idea, a TV spot was filmed, narrated from the perspective of a young Roma. Featuring music by Yann Tiersen, it describes how the Roma child is pigeonholed from birth, and how training and work allow Roma to get out of that box. This piece concluded with the phrase “In this country there are over half a million people struggling not to be pigeonholed”.
The campaign also featured two radio spots, one that insists on non-discrimination and the other that reports on the results of the Acceder programme, the employment programme of the FSG. One of the objectives of the campaign was to give visibility to the programme and to its results. To this end, a video-documentary was produced to disseminate the programme’s features, give visibility to its protagonists, and describe its results for the 2000-2006 period.
A postcard featuring thermal ink, which reproduced the job offers published in newspapers and blurred the latter when touched, stood out among the merchandising materials developed for the campaign. On the back of the postcard, the following message could be read: “This is what happens to more than half a million people in this country when seeking employment. The job offers disappear”.
The song "Like You" was composed specifically for the campaign by Antonio Remache, composer and worker of the Foundation.
Canción "Como tú"
The campaign also featured a webpage, which incorporated two games that sought to help internet users perceive the difficulties associated with feeling pigeonholed in a playful manner, in addition to all the information related to the campaign.
Institutional presentations
In late 2007, the campaign was presented in Madrid in the presence of the then-State Secretary for Social Services, Amparo Valcarce. The television presenters Ángeles Bazán and Juanjo Pardo acted as masters of ceremony. Subsequently, in 2008, the campaign continued to be disseminated in the different regions of Spain through public presentations. The latter took place in emblematic buildings or sites ceded by the public administrations, such as the Casa del Mar in Barcelona, the Casa de las Conchas in Salamanca, the Centro Cultural Conde Duque in Madrid, the Financial Club of Vigo or the Villa Suso Palace in Vitoria. These ceremonies attracted media attention by involving senior representatives of regional and municipal administrations, and were made possible by the involvement and participation of the staff of the FSG.
The campaign was disseminated via Spanish news programmes, taking advantage of the public presentations. The RTVE (Radio Televisión Española, public radio and TV group) Group collaborated by disseminating the spot for free, along with other local and regional media outlets, including the Grupo Promecal. The campaign also counted on the support of the Santander Bank, which sent an information leaflet along with the postal bank statements to its customers.
Campaign documents
Campaign poster
BACK TO MAIN CAMPAIGN PAGE'’ 'volver_que_hacemos_areas'='BACK TO MAIN ‘AREAS’ PAGE
With the contribution of:
Webdesign by SocialCo
#AwarenessCampaignsFSG
Donate now Join us
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HHH Zhao speaks at ADB workshop in Manila
Humphrey School Prof. Jerry Zhao participated in the Technical Workshop on Infrastructure Finance, held at the headquarter of Asia Development Bank, August 18-19. As a resource expert, he presented his analysis of China’s infrastructure finance and its future needs.
Prof. Zhao also visited De La Salle University, a private university in Philippines. His visit was hosted by Prof. Anthony Shun Fung Chiu, who is an internationally renown scholar in urban sustainability and who has also played a leading role at United Nations Environment Program. Prof. Zhao met with Prof. Chiu’s research team, and held discussions with Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation, Prof. Raymond Girard R. Tan, about opportunities of future collaboration with the Humphrey School.
Pictured here: Prof. Chiu to the left, Prof. Zhao in the middle, and Prof. Tan to the right, at Prof. Tan’s office.
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Klebsiella Pneumoniae & Urinary Tract Infections
What Does Positive Leukocytes Mean?
Differences Between Asthma and Bronchitis
Antibiotics for a Urinary Tract Infection During Pregnancy
Antibiotics for Intestinal Bacteria
Antibiotics to Treat Cystitis
Can Cipro Be Used to Treat Bronchitis?
By Abraham Ortiz ; Updated July 27, 2017
Bronchitis is a disease characterized by the inflammation of the bronchi located at the respiratory tract. Its initial treatment does not include antibiotics. Cipro is an antibiotic classified as a fluoroquinolone. The medication was mainly directed to treat urinary track infections. However, the antibiotic can be used for the treatment of several bacterial infections beyond the urinary track.
Bronchitis Clinical Highlights
According to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, bronchitis is a disease characterized by the inflammation of the bronchi. The bronchi are located at the lower part of the respiratory tract and their main function is the air conduction through the lungs. Viruses that cause cold or flu are the most common agents for the development of bronchitis. The disease last about 10 days and will resolve with medications such as cough suppressants and cold/flu medications. If an influenza virus is suspect, an antiviral medication is indicated.
Cipro is an antibiotic from the fluoroquinolone class. Its generic name is Ciprofloxacin as listed at the rxlist.com. The antibiotic was specially developed to treat infections caused by a group of bacteria classified as gram negative. Lab Test Online defines gram stain as a type of chemical test that identifies the bacteria according to their species. Bacteria staining blue are classify as gram positive, while bacteria that stain red are classified as gram negative. Once the health-care professional has an identification of the organism, the treatment prescribed will target it.
It has been established that bronchitis' main cause is viral; therefore, a treatment with antibiotics in its initial phase is not indicated. However, antibiotics should be considered if symptoms do not improve, such as lingering cough, fever that does not response to medication and secretions such as sputum changes from clear or white to yellowish or greenish. The decision can be made based on the history of the disease provided by the patient and a detailed physical exam. The choice to use antibiotics as part of the treatment can be supplemented using gram test and the bacterial culture of secretions laboratory test results.
Once the disease’s agent has been identified as bacterial gram negative, Cipro could be considered for treatment. Rxlist.com provides some guidelines for the use of Cipro. Among them is that it can be use for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection (bronchitis).
According to rxlist.com guidelines, several species of bacteria are sensitive to the use of Cipro. Some examples of it are klepsiella, enterobacter, proteous and citrobacter. If laboratory tests suggest some of these organisms, treatment with Cipro is indicated.
Cipro and other fluoroquinolones, such Moxifloxacin and Levofloxacin, can be used for bronchitis treatment when a bacterial agent has been established. However, the health-care provider has to have a clear clinical picture that points toward a bacterial agent sensitive to the antibiotic.
The Internet Drug Index: Cipro
National Heart Lung and Blood Institute: Bronchitis
Lab Tests Online: Gram Stain
Abraham Ortiz is a physician with broad experience in public health policies and population studies. He has been writing in different levels for the last 15 years and is in his way to obtain a board certification on disability analysis.
Antibiotics for Lung Infections
Characteristics of Enterococcus Faecalis
4 Ways to Cure Bacterial Vaginosis Naturally
What Are the Treatments for Enterococcus UTI?
Micro vs. Macro Urinalysis
Medications to Treat Staph Infections
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Hermas's Blog
Transformational Spiritual Guidance
Emotional Release
Spiritual Counseling
What is Life Coaching
Thoughts Create Life
← Testimonial
Thought Life by Dr Leaf →
New Testimonial
When I first came to Hermas, it was with high hopes balanced by a fair amount of skepticism, I admit, to resolve a long-standing negative charge around a primary relationship in my life, one I felt was haunting me, and preventing me from moving forward. I felt “stuck”, “trapped”, and somewhat resigned to the idea that, due to the hand I was dealt, change would be difficult or impossible regarding my perceived “lot”. Narrative therapy, (one of many modalities that informs Hermas’ approach) was appealing to me, as someone whose work has always revolved around storytelling. However, I had a strong attachment to the earliest, seminal “chapters” of my life, especially when it came to the prism through which I viewed my mother. The imprint was strong, almost to the point of being impenetrable. My beliefs surrounding that particular relationship seemed doggedly true, and there was enough rational evidence to support that construct because, when I came to work with Hermas, my maternal parent, with whom I had endured such a complicated and unresolved relationship, had since passed away, without my having experienced anything even approaching closure with her. Hermas’ deeply compassionate yet “not going to let you off the hook” tactic was to look me in the eye and say, “If you want to change your story, it’s simple.” I stared at him, incredulous, wondering if, in his enlightened wisdom, he was “simply” dismissing the pain and struggle around what had always felt like an overwhelmingly complex tangle of emotions. I blurted, “How could you possibly say such a thing?!” . Hermas (thankfully) responded with his usual calm and clarity: “I never said it was easy. But I promise–and you can trust me on this–it is simple.”
That distinction, for me, was the key to unlocking the door to, well, everything. And then the work Hermas and I started to do together began in earnest, and continues many months later to bear powerful results. By breaking down the paradigm I’d created—excavating the deep well I’d dug for myself, a dark rabbit hole sort of place that I’d willingly tumbled down, only to be buried under the weight of the story I’d believed was my own–Hermas cleared out the distracting information, everything that I, for so many years, had latched onto as a way of defining myself. In tugging at the threads of the tale, one by one, Hermas helped me to deal with each part of the story in manageable and comprehensible pieces. And I found that the clarity that process afforded made room for not only real and lasting healing to take place, but for major shifts to happen. I now see what I once regarded as obstacles in my life as simple, and, in many instances, self-created barriers against making decisions that are aligned with my true self. Wading through the “deconstruction” has not always been easy, as Hermas, with his characteristic clear-eyed honesty acknowledges, but having the gift of his intuition and steadfast support as one’s trustworthy guide, facilitates enormous growth. Having Hermas to help sort out the “tangled web one weaves” in fabricating a life-story, removes so much of the fear associated with letting go of familiar habits and patterns that appear to serve us. Yet, when we feel comfortable and safe enough to explore the ways in which those behaviors clearly don’t, it’s astonishing how, with commitment and practice, those “old ways” can be transformed into more conscious (and healthier) choices we can then make as “awake”, more open individuals.
The shifts that have occurred for me since I’ve begun working with Hermas are quite profound. And my willingness to stay “stuck in a rut”, I find, has a much shorter shelf life. I’m generally more aware now of when I’m holding on to something that doesn’t serve me; and I feel as though I have much less tolerance for allowing those things to steer my life’s course–personally, professionally, and most importantly (to me), as a wife and a mother. My own parenting skills, my “Achilles heel” as I once referred to it, are something I approach now with much more confidence and awareness of the ways in which I am NOT doomed to repeat, reenact, or recreate the dynamics of the relationship I used to feel so greatly influenced me, the one I shared with my own mother. Hermas has been especially helpful to me in unlocking something I never thought possible… my capacity for forgiveness around this particular childhood scar.
Hermas has helped me discover the inner resources I’ve always had (but didn’t necessarily understand how to access) in order to address what most of us feel wedded to–the story we’ve written for ourselves. Hermas believes we all have what we need to feel fulfilled—the very definition of living an authentic life–if only we knew how to connect with that deepest part of ourselves. By supporting me in trusting my intuition and engaging in a subtle process of “re-training”, he’s helping me find the tools I need (and already possess) to discover my true life’s purpose. Rather than passively enabling these middle years to be about the journey coming to a screeching halt by accepting that my life’s story has been foretold, Hermas has shown me that I am in the process of writing it. STILL. And, as any writer worth his/her salt knows, until you get the beginning of the story set right—which more often than not requires some rigorous rewrites—the rest will ring false.
For, as a wise gentleman once told me (which I now know is true), it’s that simple.
Filed under Life Coaching, Testimonials
About hermas
Hermas has had a spiritual practice for over 20 years. He moved to Santa Monica 7 years ago to train as a life coach through The Coaches Training Institute. Following on from my training as a life coach I became certified through CTI an ICF accredited school of coaching (who are the governing body of professional coaches worldwide). Hermas has completed hundreds of hours of life coach related training, healing and life purpose courses. For two years running Hermas was on the board of the ICF Los Angeles chapter in the role of programs director and president elect. Until recently He was the Yogi Times Life Coach- writing a monthly column on Life coaching and healing related articles. He has been interviewed on numerous occasions about Life Coaching for CHSR Healthy Life.com, stardate2100 and CBS News. Hermas is also trained in spiritual cleansing techniques which along with systems he has developed over the years help his clients let go and forgive past grievances that free them to live empowered lives. Hermas has led workshops of up to 70 people in Los Angeles, London and Innsbruck Hermas is also an oscar nominated documentary producer (Deliver Us From Evil) A husband and father of three kids 14, 11 and 7.
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Your 4th Amendment Rights were Just Violated
May 11, 2006 by Stephen Gordon
You’d be a very rare American if the National Security Agency hasn’t collected your telephone call details without a search warrant. Homeland Stupidity has a good update on how the NSA is collecting data from the major telephone carriers. This includes the latest court challenge — which the government is trying to shut down on the grounds of protecting national secrets. Here’s the latest on what the Feds just learned about you without your permission:
The National Security Agency has been secretly collecting call traffic data for most telephones in the United States, without warrants, since shortly after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, according to reports published Thursday.
USA TODAY reported that under secret agreements with AT&T, Verizon and BellSouth, those companies turned over to NSA billions of call detail records of their subscribers, meaning the telephone number dialed and duration of the call. While the contents of the calls were not monitored, the records included purely domestic calls, originating and terminating within the United States.
Only Qwest refused to participate in the scheme, citing legal concerns.
The last time I checked, the Fourth Amendment still read:
We might as well just throw the Constitution in the garbage; we weren’t using it anyway.
Update by Stephen VanDyke: The Libertarian Party is finally sounding like the alarmists we knew was always in them with a well-crafted press release that just hit their site and email:
“The fear of terrorism was used to create this database shortly after September 11th, just as it was used to pass the Patriot Act and ignore the rule of law with increased domestic spying,” stated Michael Dixon, chairman of the Libertarian Party. “However, our history proves that these programs will be abused regardless of the intended purpose. We witnessed this with the Clinton administration and its use of FBI files for political purposes. More recently, the Patriot Act has been used against business owners in Nevada rather than al-Qaeda.”
It’s refreshing to see them finally noticing that the sword cuts both ways and that they need to slice up current Republican and previous Democrat policies at the same time.
Nicholas Sarwark says:
Technically, they’re probably just in violation of a number of statutes, not the Fourth Amendment itself. See this post for a breakdown of the issues.
Still, if you haven’t called your Congressman and Senators today, do it now.
david sansregret says:
how long before canada’s turn to lose its freedom??
Help Me Impeach Bush says:
I was heartened to see that Qwest turned them away. At least one of the phone companies has a bit of decency.
Stuart Richards says:
I wasn’t a big fan of Qwest until right now. From now on, I will do my damnedest to give Qwest all my business, because they’ll protect me from the Feds.
Timothy West says:
China, people. Think China. That is the road we are going down. YOu have the freedom to use your credit card, to spend money, to do anything that benifits your corporate masters and the government they have bought off. But fuck all that other shit.
Economic “Freedom” ( to spend ), but absolutly no political “freedom” allowed.
wheeler says:
“Technically, they’re probably just in violation of a number of statutes, not the Fourth Amendment.”
that is exactly the problem. the reason it does not violate the fourth amendment is that the rhenquist court repealed the fourth amendment. hence, our rights now depend on the whims of legislators. in other words, we have no rights.
Additionally, the Administration has asserted Article II authority to ignore the law, so this whole discussion is moot.
The constitution doesn’t mean much anymore. There are always loopholes. I can only find one amendment of the bill of rights that is fully in effect in the way that the founders intended it:
Other than that, you just have to hope the party in power agrees with you.
Stephen Gordon says:
I do know of an (almost) exception to your 3rd Amendment rule. Former Alabama LP gubernatorial candidate John Sophecleus had his house seized through eminent domain. He fought it all the way to the Supreme Court.
After his house was seized, they stationed state paid highway workers to live in his house. While not exactly quartering troops, they did place government employees in his house against his will.
Rhampton says:
Electronic Communications Privacy Act, 18 U.S.C. 2511Section 2703. Required disclosure of customer communications or records(c) Records Concerning Electronic Communication Service or Remote Computing Service. — (1) A governmental entity may require a provider of electronic communication service or remote computing service to disclose a record or other information pertaining to a subscriber to or customer of such service (not including the contents of communications) only when the government entity — (A) obtains a warrant issued using the procedures described in the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure by a court with jurisdiction over the offense under investigation or equivalent State warrant; (B) obtains a court order for such disclosure under subsection (d) of this section;
(C) has the consent of the subscriber or customer to such disclosure… (d) Requirements for Court Order. — A court order for disclosure under subsection (b) or (c) may be issued by any court that is a court of competent jurisdiction and shall issue only if the governmental entity offers specific and articulable facts showing that there are reasonable grounds to believe that the contents of a wire or electronic communication, or the records of the information sought, are relevant and material to an ongoing criminal investigation. In the case of a State governmental authority, such a court order shall not issue if prohibited by the law of such State. A court issuing an order pursuant to this section, on a motion made promptly by the service provider, may quash or modify such order, if the information or records requested are unusually voluminous in nature or compliance with such order otherwise would cause an undue burden on such provider.
Torfinn "the Mighty" says:
I for one, welcome our new ammendment violating overlords.
Comandante Agà says:
Remember John Poindexter and the Total Information Awareness program run out of DARPA a few years back? Congress *supposedly* stopped funding this data mining program in 2003. It would appear that the program never ran out of gas.
There’s quite a lively debate going on at Slashdot concerning this. I suggest giving it a once over.
http://yro.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=06/05/11/1216245&threshold=-1
Jon Airheart says:
Hey wheeler, you cannot repeal the Bill of Rights. If you burn the Bill of Rights, I still have freedom of speech, freedom of religion and the right to protect myself, etc. I don’t care what “they” say – I won’t shut up and I won’t give up my guns – without a struggle. The real problem is enforcement of the Bill of Rights. It is We the People’s job to enforce the Bill of Rights BUT WE DON’T EVEN KNOW THEM! It’s an educational problem (or lack thereof). We let government get away with everything and just re-elect them in the fall.
Torfinn, I will welcome them as well, if the alternative is toiling in their sugar caves!
Nigel Watt says:
What really infuriates me about this is how complacent everyone is – including, a lot of times, folks who protested angrily against similar stunts by Nixon in the 60s.
Leroy says:
It’s time to stop doing business with AT&T, Verizon and BellSouth. And let them know why you will no longer do business with them. I plan to cancel by Verizon Wireless account in July, as soon as my contract is up, and switch to Qwest or another provider that is more respectful of my rights.
On another note, AT&T and Verizon are both pressuring Congress to allow them end Network Neutrality, which would change the Internet as we know it – for the worse.
John G4lt says:
I’m guessing that qwest didn’t see the profit in it. had the TLAs actually paid rent on the extra switchroom, they’d probably have bent over backwards
Michael H. Wilson says:
Okay when is the LP going to begin calling for supporting the Bill of Rights and when the hell are we going to quit dropping our drawers and bending over for the bastards. This needs more than just a press release. Ron Crickenberger got the funds for a big anti drug war ad a few years ago in USA Today. How do we get something like that started for this?
M.H.W.
Your Great Decider has decided that the details of every call you will ever make will be recorded in a government database. And if you don’t like it I’m sure he will taunt you to “bring’em on!”
Keith Rodgers says:
Don’t think this kind of skullduggery will simply end with a Congressional/Senatorial empty-suit transfusion, or a presidential shift change. Especially the Hildabeast – she would LOVE to have this kind of power in her talons.
It’s gonna take it getting really ugly, for things to change, and by then we’ll be as screwed as a hillbilly’s cousin at a family reunion.
Late-night bleariness further reflection edit:
Don’t forget the past sins of previous Prez’s: ECHELON, and the Clipper chip. Bush Version 2.0 just picked up the ball from the Clintons and from Bush Version 1.0, ran with it, spiked the ball in the end zone, and did the “fuck you” dance after.
Michael Hampton says:
There’s apparently a Supreme Court decision that says call detail records such as this aren’t covered by the Fourth Amendment. I’m trying to track it down now.
In the meantime, I have some personal knowledge of the operation of this program, from my days in telecom, which I’ve shared at Homeland Stupidity.
jackscrow says:
Six degrees.
Everybody knows someone who, etc….
With me it’s a guy I used to be in a band with who is the cousin of a guy who spent 7 years in fed. pen for keeping books for that east coast biker gang, the Pagans.
The cousin knew a guy in Jersey who supplied pot to the guy in Connecticut who also worked for the Pagans and ran most of the ho’s on the east coast.
The guy who ran the ho’s knew a guy in Detroit who the Pagans used when they needed “some guy from out of town”.
The “guy from out of town” knew another guy who had an “in” with a Canadian who smuggled Afgan smack that came thru LA on a freighter from Thailand.
The Canadian knew a guy from Cleveland who went to college in Buffalo with my girlfriend.
My girlfriend and I saw a John Prine concert not too long ago.
Everybody knows John Prine is Un-American.
Yeah, that’s eight degrees counting the girlfriend.
Nine, if you count John Prine.
Don’t worry.
The NSA will keep track.
The only thing about this little note that gives anybody any hope at all is that I won’t have access to computers at “The Camp”.
There’s a difference – some may not think so – between our government (military or civilian) operating in our “best interest” beyond our borders during either peace or war and the government spying on its own citizens within our borders and without probable cause.
Ooooh, and here I’m gonna get some flack:
It’s about as Constitutional as “sobriety checkpoints”.
Several similarities.
Funny how the same people who hate one can put up with the other.
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Search GOVERNMENT SLAVES
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Retired US Army General Was The Mastermind Behind The Failed Coup In Turkey
By Government Slaves on 07/25/2016
Emigrate while you still can!
PHOTO CREDIT WIKIPEDIA
(RT) The former commander of NATO forces in Afghanistan, retired US Army General John F. Campbell, was the mastermind behind the failed military coup in Turkey, the Yeni Safak daily has reported, citing sources close to investigation.
General John F. Campbell, 59, was “one of the top figures who organized and managed the soldiers behind the failed coup attempt in Turkey,” the conservative paper’s English-language edition said on Monday.
The paper is known for its loyal support of Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, who was the target of the coup attempt.
According to Yeni Safak, Campbell “also managed more than $2 billion in transactions via UBA Bank in Nigeria by using CIA links to distribute among the pro-coup military personnel in Turkey.”
The retired US general had allegedly paid “at least two secret visits” to Turkey since May up to the attempted coup, which the Turkish authorities blamed on what they call the Fethullah Terrorist Organization (FETO).
Turkey’s foreign minister, Mevlut Cavusoglu, warned on Monday that ties with Washington could suffer unless they extradite the US-based cleric Fethullah Gulen, Erdogan’s ideological adversary. Washington has repeatedly said that Turkey must provide solid evidence of any links Gulen might have to the attempted coup before any possible extradition process is discussed.
The Turkish daily reported that Campbell had top secret meetings at the Erzurum military base and Incirlik air base in Turkey, adding that the US general “directed the process of trending / blacklisting the military officers in the base.”
According to the paper, “Millions of dollars of money has been transferred from Nigeria to Turkey by a group of CIA personnel. The money, which has been distributed to an 80-person special team of the CIA, was used to convince pro-coup generals. After taking money from their bank accounts, the CIA team hand-delivered it to the terrorists under the military dresses.”
A total of 13,165 people have been detained in connection with the foiled coup attempt in Turkey, President Erdogan said on Sunday. He mentioned that 8,838 of those arrested are soldiers, 2,101 are judges and prosecutors, 1,485 are police officers, 52 are local authorities and 689 are civilians, as reported by the Hurriyet daily. He added that 934 schools, 109 dormitories, 15 universities, 104 foundations, 35 health institutions, 1,125 associations and 19 unions were closed as they belonged to what he described as “the Fethullahist Terrorist Organization.”
A joint indictment of 73 suspects, including Gulen, was approved by an Ankara court on Saturday.
During a speech to the Turkish parliament, Erdogan called Gulen, his former ally, a “dishonest traitor.”
“The FETO terror group, who are abusing people’s tax money to purchase guns, tanks, warplanes, heavy weapons and use against the nation, are rascals, traitors and dishonest,” Erdogan said last week, branding FETO “a virus that has metastasized.”
On Monday, the Turkish government issued detention warrants for over 40 journalists suspected of having links to the failed military coup, NTV reported.
Amnesty International sounded the alarm on Sunday, saying it gathered “credible evidence” that people arrested in relation to the failed coup attempt have been “subjected to beatings and torture, including rape, in official and unofficial detention centers in the country.”
“Reports of abuse including beatings and rape in detention are extremely alarming, especially given the scale of detentions that we have seen in the past week. The grim details that we have documented are just a snapshot of the abuses that might be happening in places of detention,” said Amnesty International’s Europe director, John Dalhuisen.
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I've been publishing Government Slaves for over a decade and I plan to be around for at least a few more. Corporate media, U.S and foreign Governments, alphabet agencies (F.B.I.-C.I.A.-N.S.A.-MI6 and the Mossad) would all love to see me and this site disappear, but we refuse to let that happen.
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President, Richard Nixon, Sparked The Largest Currency Devaluation Scheme In Human History!
*** Now, In 2019, We’re About To See Nixon 2.0 ***
PREPARE For Generational Inflation And Large Riots
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Home — Essay Samples — History — Napoleon — Napoleon in Egypt
Napoleon in Egypt
Subcategory: Historical Figures
Topic: Napoleon
The Napoleon chronicles by Al-Jabarti is a collection of Arab views that reflect modern African history. The book, in its information, brings about the conquest of Egyptians in 1978 by the western powers. It combines all the activities which transpired at the time Egypt was invaded by the French. The daily observations, the mood of the population in Cairo and the general, the African perspective of this inversion are documented by the Sheik. Consequently, the French perspectives are captured and described by Napoleon’s secretary, Edward W. Said. Therefore, I have documented on both the African and French perspectives on such an inversion basing on three major themes, which are military, education and religion and culture as described in the Al-Jabarti’s chronicles of 1978.
The Military Power
The military power is one among major themes from the chronicles written by Al-jabarti. The first chapter as introduced by Dr. Robert L. sends a worrying tone to both the Egyptian civilians and the state at the time. He introduces the chapter by talking about the 400 French ships which had more than 36000 French troops on board sailing towards the Egyptian ports, thus seizing Egypt with terror (Murphy and Jane. 3).This clearly indicates that Egyptians feared for their security and in return, the whole state was at risk of being overthrown by the French troops. On arrival of the Bonaparte’s in 1978, there is a change of perspective on how Egyptians view the French military. At this time, the natives realized that Europe possessed a superior power which could easily overthrow their Mamluk military. Eventually, the Egyptians feared more and conclude that the aim of the inversion is to overthrow their military through the war just like the Spanish in Native America. To misplace this perception, the French military did not wipe out the Egyptian population as it was thought before; instead, it exposed many of their political weaknesses in connection to that of the west (Murphy and Jane, 11). This shows that the two groups had different perspectives on the inversion. For instance, the French were up to exposing the Mamuk’s weaknesses whereas the natives believed that the French had invaded their country to destroy their state as well as disrupt the peaceful co-existence through war. The military strategies continue by the appointment of Salim ibn Mustafa as the head of power in Egypt to bring the Egyptians’ attention to French approaching plan (Murphy and Jane, 19).
Religion and Culture
The theme of religion and culture follow that of military. In chapter two of the chronicles, we understand that as soon as the French put stops in different ports, many of the Egyptians had either fled their homes or lost their lives through fighting the inversion. Consequently, after the French control, Al-Jabarti captures our attention by describing how the Egyptians view the French-based on such issues as their women, culture and religious views. Bonaparte, for example, is talked against by the locals in a negative manner ( Murphy and Jane, 19). Also, the Chronicle talks about how the French had involved themselves so much in the Egyptian’s everyday life. For instance, if someone was sick during this period of time, he/she would be sent to a check-up in the hospital to find out whether it was due to plague or not. In addition, if one died, he/she is not buried alongside their relatives in the usual cemeteries according to the Egyptian culture. The reason behind is that the French law did not allow the dead to be buried near the homestead. To add on, the French also destroyed any forms of cemeteries and graves that were established in the homesteads. The inversion, therefore, as seen by the Egyptian natives was to erode their culture which has been the law of the land since long time ago. On the other hand, the French believe that burying the dead near the homestead is backward phenomena and therefore, the need the transform the Egyptians from such outdated activity. In their own perspective, the French wanted to bring about the civilization which was a bridge of the Egyptian culture and religious views.
Education, as a theme in the chronicles, has conflicting perspectives from both the French and the Egyptians. The main aim of the French inversion in Egypt was to enhance educational reforms that could oversee a change in the mode, methods and the content of the curriculum. The French aimed at enhancing civilization in the Egyptians educational status which could oversee a transition from Egyptians original education style to the western mode (Murphy and Jane, 76). In chapter four, we realise that the main aim of French inversion was to enhance both military and educational reforms in Egypt. Unlike the French, the Egyptians believed that the inversion was specifically for the erosion of their culture, religion and education systems.
In conclusion, it is more evidence that the French inversion in Egypt, as documented in Al-Jabarti’s Chronicles, is met by different perspectives. The entire book captures a chronological of events which transpired at the time of inversion, and the ideal picture is a contrasting view. The Egyptians largely believed that the main aim of this invasion by the Napoleons in Egypt was to destroy, which is contrary to what were the French intentions. The French desired to bring about a change in such sectors as military, culture, religion, and education as discussed in this article.
GradesFixer. (2018, October, 26) Napoleon in Egypt. Retrived July 17, 2019, from https://gradesfixer.com/free-essay-examples/napoleon-in-egypt/
"Napoleon in Egypt." GradesFixer, 26 Oct. 2018, https://gradesfixer.com/free-essay-examples/napoleon-in-egypt/. Accessed 17 July 2019.
GradesFixer. 2018. Napoleon in Egypt., viewed 17 July 2019, <https://gradesfixer.com/free-essay-examples/napoleon-in-egypt/>
GradesFixer. Napoleon in Egypt. [Internet]. October 2018. [Accessed July 17, 2019]. Available from: https://gradesfixer.com/free-essay-examples/napoleon-in-egypt/
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The Permanent Observer Mission of the Holy See to the United Nations
Celebrating 25th Anniversary of Vatican Israel Accord
By H. E. Archbishop Bernardito AuzaApostolic Nuncio and Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations
On June 19, Archbishop Bernardito Auza, Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the UN, spoke at Fordham University at an event entitled “The Vatican Israel Accords: 25 Years of Progress and Challenge,” co-sponsored by the Consulate General of Israel in New York and the Archdiocese of New York.
In his remarks, Archbishop Auza celebrated the 25th anniversary of the formal openings of the Embassy of Israel to the Holy See and the Holy See Nunciature to Israel and said the intervening quarter century has been a time of deepening mutual understanding, trust, friendship and cooperation. He expressed gratitude to the State of Israel for its commitment to ensure the Catholic Church the freedom to carry out her mission and make her contribution to Israeli society. He said that the relations between the Holy See and the State of Israel are of a special character flowing from the bonds between Jews and Christians and from the unique character of the Holy Land and the city of Jerusalem. Those bonds lead both States to collaborate in defending human dignity, promoting the right to religious freedom and conscience, and combatting all forms of religious intolerance, especially anti-Semitism and Christianophobia. He finished by quoting Pope Francis’ words that the future of the State of Israel and the Holy See, and particularly between Jews and Catholics, “will either be together or will not be at all.”
The statement can be found here:
Discover the Holy See Mission
The Permanent Observer
Holy See Mission Staff
Former Observers
Treaties and Conventions
Past Papal Visits to the United Nations
Pope Pius XII — Servus Dei et Servus Pacis
The Church in the US
Copyright © 2018 The Permanent Observer Mission of the Holy See to the United Nations
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HomeNewsTHE HOLE IN THE GROUND To Release on DVD & Blu-Ray on 8th July 2019
THE HOLE IN THE GROUND To Release on DVD & Blu-Ray on 8th July 2019
June 24, 2019 Bat News 0
Something nasty is lurking in the forest in what might be the most frightening film of the year, a nerve-jangling mix of The Witch and Hereditary.
A bold and brilliantly constructed cross between Pet Sematary and Invasion of the Body Snatchers, THE HOLE IN THE GROUND, the debut feature from writer-director Lee Cronin, is a genre game changer that masterfully builds the tension, delivers the frights and leaves the audience reeling.
Cronin elicits terrific performances from a brilliant cast, particularly Seána Kerslake (A Date For Mad Mary) as a single mother driven to her wits end, and a wonderfully unnerving James Quinn Markey (Vikings) as her son, who might not be what he seems after his disappearance in the forest. Also appearing are Simone Kirby (Peaky Blinders), Steve Wall (Vikings) Eoin Macken (Resident Evil: The Final Chapter, The Forest) and veteran character actor James Cosmo (Highlander, Braveheart).
Beautifully filmed in the misty, mysterious Irish countryside, and with an ominous, powerful score Stephen McKeon (Black Mirror) that recalls the rank dread of The Witch, The Hole In The Ground is a startlingly assured first film that marks Cronin as a name to watch. Following in the footsteps of acclaimed Irish horror like The Hallow, Wake Wood and Isolation, this is a surefire scarer that’ll chill you to the bone.
THE HOLE IN THE GROUND releases on DVD, Blu-ray & Digital Download 8th July 2019.
The Hole in the Ground
HCF Reviews
The Hole In The Ground: The Hughes Verdict!
July 9, 2019 Ross Hughes HCF Reviews, Horror 0
Arriving to finally rent or buy in the horror section, The Hole In The Ground comes with a growing positive word of mouth that had me licking my lips with anticipation. Was this going […]
Official Poster and Trailer Revealed For THE HOLE IN THE GROUND
February 10, 2019 Bat News 0
Something nasty is lurking in the forest in what might be the most frightening film of the year, a nerve-jangling mix of The Witch and Hereditary, from formidable first time director Lee Cronin. Trying to […]
Win THE HOLE IN THE GROUND on Blu-Ray In Our Competition!
July 4, 2019 Bat News 0
To celebrate the release of THE HOLE IN THE GROUND – out on DVD, Blu-ray and Digital 8th July – we have a Blu-ray up for grabs. Something nasty is lurking in the forest in […]
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Stephen King ‘Mr. Mercedes’ Review
Posted on June 16, 2014 in Authors A-L // 7 Comments
Written by: Wayne C. Rogers
As I mentioned to another person, Stephen King’s newest novel, Mr. Mercedes, does for the Mercedes-Benz manufacturer what Misery did for number one fans and Christine did for the 1958 Chrysler Plymouth Fury. I’ll never look at another Mercedes sedan the same way after reading this book and will most certainly watch my when crossing the street. If I see a Mercedes, I’m running like hell in the opposite direction.
Anyway, it’s easy to forget because of all the horror novels and short stories that Stephen King has written over his very long career that he also writes psychological suspense and what I would call hardcore drama. Think of The Body (a.k.a. Stand By Me) or The Shaw shank Redemption or Cajon or even one of his newer novels, Joy land (I’m reading that right now), and you get the idea. Mr. Mercedes would probably be classified as one of his psychological suspense books because it deals with a serial killer who used a Mercedes Benz sedan to crash into a crowd of job seekers, killing eight and injuring dozens more. This isn’t Thomas Harris’s Hannibal Lector, but it is pure Stephen King at his best.
Brady Hartsfield is crazy and knows it. Still, he has to occasionally scratch the itch in the middle of his back by killing people. That helps him to relieve the stress of day-to-day living and the rather unusual relationship he has with his mother (think Norman Bates). One early morning before a job fair opens, Brady drives into a large group of job seekers with a Mercedes Benz. It’s the most fun he’s ever had, running over the bodies and killing men and women and even a little baby. This is what God make the Mercedes Benz for because it handles perfectly over the rough terrain.
Unfortunately and by a sheer stroke of luck, Brady manages to get away with the mass murders. The lead detectives who are assigned the case, Kermit William Hodges and Pete Huntley, do their best to track down the killer and nail his ass, but fail before Hodges finally retires after an honorable career on the police force.
Time drifts by and Brady decides he doesn’t like being placed on the back burner and that maybe it’s time to have a little fun again. So, he sends the retired detective a letter, hoping to drive him to suicide, to give him that little nudge a lot of retired cops need to put the gun into their mouths. It’s not that Hodges isn’t thinking about eating a bullet, but the letter ends up having just the opposite effect and gives the old man a reason to keep pushing forward. He now wants to catch Mr. Mercedes in the worse way and then hand him over to his former partner.
Brady, however, isn’t so easy to catch and soon comes to the conclusion that it might be more entertaining to take out hundreds and even thousands of people in one big gigantic bang, letting the detective know just much of a loser he actually is.
One thing quickly leads to another and it soon becomes personal for Bill Hodges. His goal now isn’t to catch Mr. Mercedes, but to kill the SOB before he can hurt any others. It’s going to be a race to the finish line as both seek their own just rewards and subconsciously form a bond with each other as the specter of certain death looms ahead. .
As I said earlier, Mr. Mercedes is Stephen King at his best. The author is now in his mid-sixties and continues to write one winner after another. In the last few years King has written the anthology of horror novellas, Full Dark, No Stars, a novel in which a lone man from the future attempts to prevent President Kennedy’s assassination in 11/22/63 (certainly one of the best novels I’ve ever read), and then there’s the sequel to The Shining that gives us a closer, more terrifying look at Danny Torrance’s life as an adult in Dr. Sleep. And, let us not forget last summer’s Joy land, which deals with a serial killer doing his nasty business inside an amusement park’s House of Horrors.
This is an author who has progressively gotten better and better at writing over the last forty years (if that’s even possible for a writer of King’s merit to do). I now refer to Stephen King as The Maestro because his really is the master of the written word. There are authors out there who make more money and write more novels each year, but one day soon, the world will recognize Stephen King as the greatest author of the 20th Century. I kid you not.
The novel, Mr. Mercedes, will grabs you in the first few pages and shake the living daylights out of you as it propels you toward the ending at light speed. The sentencing and descriptions of people and places draw you into the story on the very first page so that you’re living with the characters as they play cat and mouse with each other and head to an utterly gripping climax. The lead characters and secondary characters come to life as full bodied, flesh and blood people who are either on the side of evil or the side of good, much like the individuals who surround us in our daily lives. The storyline is simple really; yet, totally compelling in its ability to shock and surprise the reader. Even more so, the author leaves us with an ending that feels right and natural.
Mr. Mercedes is definitely a winner from this fabulous author who knows how to scare himself and the reader with his carefully chosen words and dark-loving mind. This is a novel not to be missed, but rather to be treasured and savored as most of Stephen Kings books are. Last, this is a story that needs to be told on the big theatrical screen. There are few things I find more frightening than laying on the tarmac and watching as a huge Mercedes sedan drives straight at your face.
Oh, and lest I forget, the Maestro has another fantastic novel coming out this fall titled, Revival. Be prepared to face the ultimate fear as a young boy bonds with a fanatical preacher and encounters the true meaning of horror.
Like last year and the one before it, 2014 will be another great year for Stephen King!
Order it here.
7 Comments on Stephen King ‘Mr. Mercedes’ Review
Wayne C. Rogers // June 16, 2014 at 12:55 pm // Reply
That’s “myself” near the bottom of the first paragraph and Cujo in the second, not Cajon. My meds were affecting my mind while writing the review!
Matt Barbour // June 16, 2014 at 4:28 pm // Reply
given that most Stephen King books are made into features, I would bet that you will get your wish about a film adaptation. However, it will probably be a made for tv movie…. this may be a good thing or a bad thing depending on who you ask. I have actually loved some of the tv movies including It and Langoliers. However, I thought the Stand was poorly handled. I cant wait to read this one. I still haven’t taken the plunge on under the dome. I have yet to watch the tv series or read the book.
Wayne C. Rogers // June 17, 2014 at 12:19 am // Reply
Matt, I’ve the 1st season of Under the Dome and enjoyed it. It doesn’t quite follow the book, but on its own, the show isn’t too bad. I’m reading Joyland now and loving it. I might actually like this better than Mr. Mercedes, which is saying a lot.
Paula // June 18, 2014 at 9:23 pm // Reply
This book sounds quite promising! I haven’t been that excited over any of his books lately. I think both Mr King and Dean Koontz have set the bar so high that I’m expecting too much from them. Terrible, huh?
Paula, I’m reading Joyland right now, and I think I’m enjoying it even more than I did Mr. Mercedes. King’s style of writing is a little different in Joyland. You feel like you’re more a part of the story.
Paula // June 20, 2014 at 11:42 pm // Reply
Thanks for the heads up on Joyland, I was hesitant to pick it up, but now I shall.
Matt Molgaard // June 19, 2014 at 5:16 am // Reply
haven’t read this yet, but I can say this: I enjoyed Joyland more than any other King book I’ve read in at least a decade. REALLY felt like he had that vintage passion completely dumped into that book. EXCELLENT work.
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Home Neck of the Woods Central City City Council Roundup: Dollars for transit, personnel for new department
City Council Roundup: Dollars for transit, personnel for new department
by JESSE CHAMBERS
Photo by Jesse Chambers
bham city council 4-2-19
Members of the Birmingham City Council and city staffers at the regular Council meeting for Tues., April 2, 2019.
The Birmingham City Council, at its regular meeting for Tuesday, April 2, reallocated some transit funding, provided personnel for a new city department and granted a tax break for a developer who seeks to bring another project to the booming Parkside District.
The council dealt with these items, and most of its other business, as part of its consent agenda:
Members voted to amend the general fund budget for the 2019 fiscal year and transfer $5 million from future transit projects and appropriate it to the Birmingham-Jefferson County Transit Authority. The item was submitted by Mayor Randall Woodfin and the council's Budget and Finance Committee, and recommended by the city's Director of Finance.
The council also voted to free up nearly half a million dollars for various street paving projects in the city. Members voted to amend the capital fund budget for the 2019 fiscal year and transfer $240,000 from Higdon Road resurfacing and $248,000 from Fourth Street Hooper City resurfacing and appropriate that $488,000 for other projects.
Members also voted to appropriate about $1,392,000 to provide personnel for the city’s new Communications Department by transferring communications staffers from other departments. They voted to amend the general fund budget for the 2019 fiscal year and transfer money from the following sources: $332,411 from personnel services for the Birmingham Fire & Rescue Service (22 positions), about $117,190 from personnel services at Information Management Services (9 positions) and about $942,045 from personnel services at the Birmingham Police Department (70 positions).
The council also granted a two-year abatement of noneducational municipal ad valorem taxes by Jefferson County to Birmingham Parkside Residences LLC, which seeks to develop a 3.4 acre brownfield site in the Parkside District. The property is located on First Avenue South between 12th and 13th streets south, according to a staffer from the city's Office of Economic Development. The project is to involve two multifamily residential structures with 268 apartments, as well as a parking deck. The city is offering the abatement based on two Alabama state laws, the Alabama Land Recycling and Economic Redevelopment Act and the Brownfield Development Tax Abatement Act, according to the text of the resolution. The item was recommended by the the mayor and the council’s Committee of the Whole.
Communications Department Parkside Birmingham City Council
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Eddie Bressoud
Born: (1932-05-02) May 2, 1932 (age 87)
Batted: Right Threw: Right
MLB debut
June 14, 1956, for the New York Giants
Last MLB appearance
September 26, 1967, for the St. Louis Cardinals
MLB statistics
New York / San Francisco Giants (1956–1961)
Boston Red Sox (1962–1965)
New York Mets (1966)
St. Louis Cardinals (1967)
Career highlights and awards
All-Star (1964)
World Series champion (1967)
Edward Francis Bressoud (born May 2, 1932) is a former shortstop in Major League Baseball who played from 1956 through 1967 for the New York & San Francisco Giants (1956–1961), Boston Red Sox (1962–1965), New York Mets (1966) and St. Louis Cardinals (1967). He batted and threw right-handed.
Bressoud reached the majors in 1956 with the New York Giants, spending two years with them before moving to San Francisco. He was the first selection of the Houston Colt 45s in the 1961 expansion draft, then was traded to the Boston Red Sox in exchange for Don Buddin.
Bressoud played four seasons for Boston, hitting 40 doubles, nine triples, 14 home runs, 79 runs and a career-high 68 RBI in 1962, and 59 extra-bases in 1963, including a career-high 20 home runs and four two-HR games. In 1964 he posted career-numbers in batting average (.293), hits (166), runs (86) and doubles (41), and represented the Red Sox in the All-Star Game. After that, he played for the New York Mets and ended his majors career with the St. Louis Cardinals.
In a 12-season career, Bressoud was a .252 hitter with 94 home runs and 365 RBI in 1186 games. Following his playing retirement he managed in the minors and scouted for the California Angels.
Career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference
St. Louis Cardinals 1967 World Series Champions
9 Roger Maris
10 Dave Ricketts
11 Eddie Bressoud
15 Tim McCarver
16 Phil Gagliano
17 Bobby Tolan
18 Mike Shannon
20 Lou Brock
21 Curt Flood
23 Jack Lamabe
25 Julián Javier
26 Ed Spiezio
27 Dal Maxvill
30 Orlando Cepeda
31 Dick Hughes
32 Steve Carlton
34 Nelson Briles
36 Ron Willis
39 Larry Jaster
43 Joe Hoerner
44 Ray Washburn
45 Bob Gibson (World Series MVP)
46 Hal Woodeshick
2 Red Schoendienst
3 Joe Schultz
4 Billy Muffett
5 Dick Sisler
8 Bob Milliken
This biographical article relating to an American baseball shortstop is a stub. You can help Infogalactic by expanding it.
Retrieved from "https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Eddie_Bressoud&oldid=4500990"
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Sportspeople from Los Angeles, California
Springfield Giants (Ohio) players
American baseball shortstop stubs
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Listening to the plants in Joan Sanders’ gardens
by Linda Hubbard Gulker on August 16, 2011
Joan Sanders believes gardens should talk to each other. The front and backyard of her Atherton home feature multiple gardens. As you move from one to another, if you listen hard, you can almost hear the chatter. The surroundings are that magical.
While Joan thinks she’s always been a gardener, she admits that while raising five children, she didn’t have the leisure to think much about it. Moving to her current home in 1970, the first garden plan was created in 1976, the beginning of what would eventually transform what was essentially a blank canvas. “My first husband and I did most of the work on it ourselves,” she recalls. “We were young and energetic.”
One of their first structures, a pergola, still stands. On a recent visit it was getting a facelift of sorts; the wooden benches beneath it were being replaced by concrete ones that mirror other areas of her gardens.
One of the newest additions is a sunken garden (pictured above) that houses a 1940s French dining table and chairs. “Initially it was going to be a walled Zen meditation garden,” she says. “To get a feel for what it would be like, I put up temporary barriers. I didn’t like it and my landscape architect Peggy Hinman suggested we sink it — the idea and the garden!”
Joan thinks the best thing about gardens is that you have places to go to, areas that you want to be in. Ironically, except for when she entertains and cocktail time with her husband under the Redwoods, Joan doesn’t do much sitting in her various gardens. “My garden is to work in,” she says. “Some people play tennis, I play garden.”
Artwork is on display in almost every garden area, including sculptures by Greg Hawthorne, whose studio is across from Nepenthe in Big Sur. “I had him do my gate (pictured right) into the bocce ball garden,” she says. “I didn’t think the fence was important but the gate was.”
Roses are Joan’s siren song, and indeed there is a rose garden in the backyard. “At one time I had over 200 varieties, but I think we’re down to just over 150,” she says. “I gave my husband a pruning class out at Filoli, and he does the pruning now.”
Joan says she can spend as much as eight hours a day in the garden working and then maybe not return for a week. “My daughter Susannah disagrees. She says I can’t go 10 minutes without getting my hands in the dirt,” she says.
Next on tap for renovation is the vegetable garden, which she enjoys, in particular, with her 11 grandchildren. She calls it “Peggy’s last stand,” due to the landscape architect’s promise to soon retire. “We’re going for the Versailles of vegetable gardens,” she says. “Over the years, I’ve given her ideas to put in her oven. She lets them grow. It’s been a great partnership.”
Photos by Laura Hamilton
Vickie and Ken Benson August 21, 2011 at 5:31 pm
A great tribute to a lovely lady and her beautiful garden.
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with Janee Woods
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Values & Principles for Commenting
Michael Brown Might Have Robbed A Convenience Store. That Doesn’t Matter.
When Ferguson police chief Thomas Jackson finally identified Darren Wilson as the officer who shot and killed Michael Brown, the police department also released surveillance camera footage, photographs and a police report that they said implicated Michael as a suspect in a convenience store robbery. Chief Jackson cited freedom of information requests as the reason for the release.
Interesting timing. Community members were outraged that the identification of the officer happened in tandem with this sudden revelation of an alleged robbery. Michael’s family issued a statement that they are “beyond outraged at the devious way the police chief has chosen to disseminate piece mil information in a manner intended to assassinate the character of their son, following such a brutal assassination of his person in broad daylight.”
Hours later, Chief Jackson stated that Officer Wilson had not known that Michael was a suspect while stopping him and a friend for blocking traffic because they were walking in the street.
Yet many people are talking about this robbery like it can sanitize or has some bearing on the fact that a police officer fired multiple shots at Michael while he stood with his hands up in the air, a universal sign of surrender and an indication that there is no threat of weaponry being used against the officer.
Let’s be clear. Michael Brown might have robbed a convenience store. That could be true.
And now let’s be crystal clear with laser focus. Michael Brown might have robbed a convenience store but that doesn’t matter.
It doesn’t matter because, in the perfect words of a friend who talked with me about this today, this is a “smoke-and-mirrors publicity stunt which implies that alleged shoplifting is justification for killing and obscures a real discussion about engrained institutional racism, the social construction of criminality along lines of race, class and gender, and the unequal social value of human life.”
What does matter is that all this chatter about Michael Brown being a strong-arm shoplifter completely plays into the disgusting old racist lie that black men, especially poor black men, are criminals who need to be controlled with force. This lie tricks people into believing that if black men are criminals then their lives are worth less or worthless. This lie fools us into believing that black male bodies and psyches are inherently violent in nature so we are justified in inflicting violence upon them.
What does matter is that holding up the possibility that Michael Brown was a thief, whether it’s true or not, places the blame on the victim and instead shifts the focus away from the deadly wrongdoing of the person with the gun. Even if Michael is proven to have committed the crime he is still a victim because the officer did not know about the robbery when he shot Michael repeatedly even though it seems that he could have been taken into custody alive.
What does matter is that by focusing on the robbery that has nothing to do with the interaction that lead to the shooting we are taking our attention away from the real evil at work here- systemic and structural racism that is killing men of color in our communities. One black man is killed extrajudicially every 28 hours. Michael Brown. Ezell Ford. Eric Garner.* Oscar Grant.* I feel pain in my heart typing those names and the list is much, much longer but I can’t finish it. I just can’t because it hurts too much. Whose name will we be adding tomorrow in memoriam?
Michael Brown might have robbed a convenience store but that doesn’t matter. Repeat this with passion to every person you hear saying otherwise.
*Warning: Graphic video content showing the death of a black man at the hands of the police.
30 comments on “Michael Brown Might Have Robbed A Convenience Store. That Doesn’t Matter.”
Paul Hruz
He wasn’t shot because of the strong arm robbery that he did commit, he was shot because he fought with and tried to disarm an officer. Instead of confronting the police he could have listened to the police got out of the street and been on his way. You complain about someone being killed every 28 hours but say nothing about the black on black crime that takes thousands of lives every year.
Darius T
^Amen. Janee, now that there are numerous witnesses who have said that Brown attacked Wilson first, punching him and then fleeing when his gun went off, only to turn around and taunt him before rushing at him, at which point Wilson shot him… now that your “facts” appear more and more suspect, will you apologize for your race-baiting posts?
You are one hundred percent correct!
Lucious Jackson
The content of “Becoming a White Ally to Black People in the Aftermath of the Michael Brown Murder” was excellent and spot-on, despite the hyperbolic title. It is disappointing to see this post as the follow up.
The robbery and assault of the convenience store owner does matter. It matters because the security camera footage published by the New York Times and others offers something that has been missing from both sides in the public debate following the Michael Brown killing: objective, externally verifiable facts surrounding the events leading up to a young man losing his life.
Does a robbery of a convenience store justify taking someone’s life? – No.
Does assault and battery of a convenience store owner justify taking someone’s life? – No.
Does the video of Michael Brown robbing a convenience store and assaulting / battering its owner minutes before the shooting support the police narrative to date (namely that Michael engaged in a physical struggle with Officer Darren Wilson)? – possibly.
If a video existed of Officer Darren Wilson engaging in racist or otherwise intolerable behavior minutes prior to the event it would matter.
Despite the paucity of objective, externally validated evidence offered to date, most people have already reached their conclusion (you have already labeled the shooting a murder in your previous well-circulated post). Let’s stand back a moment and acknowledge we actually know very little beyond the fact that a young, unarmed man is dead. We can all be a little more patient for the actual facts of the incident to come out.
Grace Shepstone
I really enjoyed reading your blogs about Michael. However, there is ALWAYS another side to the story and the main steam media IS NOT reporting it. AS USUAL. If you’re interested in hearing it, here it is:
Here’s an interesting post from the folks at Ultimate Defense Firing Range & Training Center. Although they’re located in St. Peters, some of their staff and some of their gun range patrons are “insiders” to this story . Here’s their version, to answer your question.
THE REAL STORY BEHIND THE FERGUSON SHOOTING
Opportunity. That’s what people saw when they started looting and burning. Take away the assaults on police officers and just look at the amount of person on person crime that occurred. The businesses that had nothing to do with the original incident that were looted and burned to the ground, all in the name of “justice” for an innocent kid that was murdered by police.
Let’s take a look at that whole “innocent” situation. The news media reported that an unarmed teen was shot 8 times and killed by a Ferguson Police Officer. Did you know that the unarmed teen was 6 foot 3 inches and 300 lbs, or that according to witnesses in the complex (not other police officers, WITNESSES IN THE COMPLEX), the unarmed teen along with another suspect blocked the officer’s vehicle from responding to a call by standing in front of it? After words were exchanged, the “innocent” teen rushed the officer tackling him back into the driver’s seat of the police car. As the unarmed teen was on top of the officer beating him to where his face has several contusions and his eye is still swelled shut this morning, the officer went for his gun and fired. I think we all agree that the officer should have let the unarmed teen beat him to death rather than fire the shot because he was an “unarmed teen” that was looking forward to going to college next week. After the round goes off, the unarmed teen backs out of the car and starts to walk away. The officer who was just severely assaulted by being punched in the head repeatedly, points his gun at the teen, tells him he’s under arrest. The unarmed teen turns and, according to witnesses, again the WITNESSES IN THE COMPLEX, the teen starts yelling at the officer daring him to shoot. He AGAIN rushes the officer at which point the officer, who was just beaten, fires at the unarmed innocent teen.
Last night enough rioters overwhelmed immediate police response resulting in truly innocent people getting assaulted and store owners suffering huge losses. The criminal element doesn’t care about justice, they care about an excuse that creates an opportunity. The opportunity for Al Sharpton to attempt to increase his fame and to push his racist agenda. The opportunity to capitalize on uninformed sympathies and to justify criminal acts in the name of a thug that attacked a police officer.
The Grand Jury is supposed to be today, and brace yourselves, this officer WILL NOT BE CHARGED and the opportunists will strike again. Throughout the area, more riots, looting, property damage and assaults on police officers. Police are already planning our suppression efforts to protect the innocent people and their property.
After last night, imagine what would happen if we weren’t.
~ Ultimate Defense Firing Range & Training Center.
Andres Atencio
Where’s the legitimate source? This is an Ultimate Defense Firing Range and Training Center. There’s no legitimacy here. Learn how to discern information before spouting it out. I went to school for Journalism. This is not good enough. Please do find better credibility with the issue at hand. Sure, there are two sides to the story. There’s no author I can tell.
Nick Martin
I COMPLETELY agree with the message here. I am disappointed, but not at all surprised to see comments trying to discredit this piece. It’s UNCOMFORTABLE for whites (like myself) to admit that we have a real problem in this country. We don’t view people of color on the whole, and black men in particular as human. That’s the issue. The same constitution-toting tea-partiers stand on a soapbox and preach protection from the government, but remain eerily quiet as armored vehicles roll through ferguson and and police officers go on record in the Washington post stating that if you don’t want to face physical harm, don’t question them.
Counterarguments to points like this are as predictable as they are misguided. Thank you for this piece, and especially thank you for your recent work on The Root.
ghaliaa
Thank you Janee. Well put. I was just making the same comments in discussion with my teenage son last night. It’s sad that I need to add, but I am white, living in a mostly white suburb. I don’t think this should matter. There is no excuse for shooting anyone, except under the most extreme of conditions – we should all be able to agree on this. I’m amazed that in the US we still even need to have this discussion. I am glad to see people, like you, trying to take a peaceful, dialog approach to this complex and deeply rooted problem.
The NY Times is perhaps an incredibly credible newspaper. I take what it says over your quote and quote source.
.http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/18/us/michael-brown-autopsy-shows-he-was-shot-at-least-6-times.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&version=LedeSumLargeMedia&module=a-lede-package-region®ion=lede-package&WT.nav=lede-package&_r=0
This is so sad. You must get some facts before you write this stuff… really. Just taking the narrative and putting your little spin on it is a dis-service to the people you are trying to reach. http://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2014/08/boom-reporter-a-dozen-witnesses-confirm-ferguson-cops-version-of-brown-shooting/
Gene….But if she waited for the facts she couldn’t have wrote her race baiting story
Also, two times as many white men are killed by cops as black men.
Eric Robertson
There are more than twice as many white men as black men in the U.S. so if that’s even true it only reinforces the narrative that cops kill more blacks than whites.
This is a sad situation because I fear unless the black community wakes up, then of thousands of more black Americans are going to needlessly die; but I also want to deal with the FACTS. A criminal is someone who commits a crime; like the robbery Michael Brown and his friend committed earlier in the day before he was contacted by the police.
Several of the local neighbors are admitting that Brown attacked the cop in his patrol car and tried to take his gun. A cell phone video from one of the neighbors captures some neighbors talking about this and them describing that a shot was fired in the patrol car during that struggle. Brown took off running, was chased on foot, and then turned and “bumrushed” the officer again wherein he was shot again.
http://www.ijreview.com/…/169172-officer-wilsons…/
https://mobile.twitter.com/…/statuses/501556693382094848
And as MANY GOOD CITIZENS of the local community are saying, I’m still trying to figure out how stealing TVs and electronics, burning businesses, throwing rocks at reporters, and committing more crimes is helpful to the situation like Mr. Gentry says in the following:
http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=1WJQh0qJPiU
http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=oTUqOBJsRdg
Brown’s partner Johnson is claiming Brown was choked by one hand while the cop was INSIDE the car — seriously! Brown was somewhere around 6′ 5″ tall and almost 300lbs. Are we to believe that cops are trained to drive up next to a suspect and instead of making it easier to arrest them by getting out of your car, instead try and grab him by the throat through your window…please.
And Johnson says Brown was shot in the back while fleeing, but the autopsy facts show this to be just another fabrication as well — no shots in the back were found. So Johnson is lying.
How is a cop supposed to deal with a subject who is fighting for his gun and outweighs him by a hundred pounds? And before you answer, have you ever tried it? What would you do?
Again, the best solution to all of this is what Mr. Gentry has said: http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=1WJQh0qJPiU
The bottom line is this: If you don’t commit crimes, the police don’t try to arrest you. If you don’t fight with the cops, you don’t get tazed, pepper sprayed, or shot.
FBI statistics show there were 420 police shootings in 2012. 30% percent of those shot by police were black. MORE BLACKS WERE KILLED IN THE CITY OF CHICAGO ALONE THAT YEAR BY OTHER BALCKS…not the police or anyone else! Where is the outrage for those murders? The marching…the media coverage…the Al Sharptons and the rest?? And where are the fathers and mothers in these homes?
The sad truth is that our brothers and sisters in the black community are being destroyed from within….not from without. Fatherless homes, multiplied millions of abortions, the celebration of criminal behavior, out of wedlock births, etc are the real culprit along with a continual mindset of victimization which mentally enslaves them into an existence of poverty, criminality, and moral decline.
Blacks only make up about 13% of the population and yet from 1976 to 2005 they committed more than half of all the murders in the nation.
As Ben Carson says so well, there’s a real problem going on and its destroying that community from within: http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=yFV2IJyI9fo
According to many, solid, caring black leaders, the problem is exactly as I’ve presented…it’s an inherent one predicated upon a now repetitive, generational cycle of amorality and broken homes. Again, you should listen to men like Jesse Lee Peterson, Jonathan Gentry, Ben Carson, etc who speak from personal experience and are interested in actually helping the black community instead of just perpetuating the problem.
The ‘main stream’ media ISN’T reporting all the facts; they’re only reporting the items which are assisting them in perpetuating the problem and feeding the flames of racism, criminality, and the continued oppression of the black community. It’s very sad, because real families and real human lives hang in the balance while they spend the majority of their time and resources on building careers and platforms and pushing their ideological errancies.
You should really do yourself a favor and take just five minutes and listen to something like the following: http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=yFV2IJyI9fo
You said in your article titled: 12 Things White People Can Do Now Because [of] Ferguson: “Michael Brown, an unarmed black teenage boy, was gunned down by the police while walking to his grandmother’s house in the middle of the afternoon.” — Wrong, he was fleeing from a robbery he had just committed and decided to try and take a cop’s pistol. These are two completely different things.
You continued to say, “I am challenging white people to consider carefully whether failing to speak out or act because of those fears is justified when white silence and inaction mean the oppression and death of black people.” — How about challenging black people to consider that THEY are the number one murderers of their own people? It’s not the ‘inaction’ and ‘silence’ of me (the white guy) which is causing the black community to be rampantly traumatized with homicidal repetitiveness!
You said, “White people CREATED and, for the most part, CURRENTLY MAINTAIN (whether they want to or not) the racist system that benefits white people to the detriment of people of color.” – Say huh? I do??? The last time I checked, I haven’t …my family hasn’t….my closest friends and relatives haven’t….my neighbors haven’t….in fact, nobody I’ve ever known on more than an acquaintance level has ever exercised intentional, overt racism … EVER! White, brown, black or otherwise.
She continued, “This list is a good place to start your fight to dismantle racial inequity and shine a light on the oppressive structures that lead to yet another extrajudicial killing of a black person.” – This wasn’t an ‘extrajudicial killing’ of a black person. This cop didn’t go to work that day looking for an excuse to put bullets into some black person because he was so full of racial hatred and vile acrimony; he was responding to criminal activity.
And who are you to tell all the ‘white’ people what it is they are supposed to do about the things going on inside the homes and communities of black Americans; things which most of us have absolutely no control over whatsoever? Perhaps she should write an article called: 12 Things Black People Can Do Now Because [of] Fergusun and listen to the black leadership that has been asking the black community to make a change from within —where it will do the most good!
Maybe you should ask Planned Parenthood to stop setting up shop predominantly in these impoverished black communities and end their practice of slaughtering millions upon millions of black babies; more than any other race in America by far!! Maybe you should tell them to stop shooting each other, robbing from each other, and raping each other. The NUMBER ONE perpetrator of all black victims is another black American; not me or another ‘white’ guy.
Is there any chance whatsoever, that you and others can stop for a second and consider the possibility that race DOESN’T HAVE anything to do with it? And that’s the point….because as soon as the shooter is white and the victim is black than race is AUTOMATICALLY the only option for some. But that’s not the case.
And I am not making it as simple as I SEE it, I’m trying to get people to listen to those who have lived it and understand it way better than me; just watch some of the interviews I’ve posted and get informed from them directly!
The black community is in a dire, detrimental spin into complete sociological breakdown. Something HAS to be done from within their own ranks; and it desperately needs to be done NOW!
Please read this and give it some thought: http://themattwalshblog.com/2014/08/18/dont-know-happened-michael-brown-stop-pretending/
Bill Cockrell
I am a white man trying very hard to find some objectivity in all these competing and in many ways contradictory stories about the happenings in Ferguson. All I seem to be able to find are people grabbing only the information that supports the conclusions they have already made based on little but their own “feelings” about what they think really happened. If that were just the bloggers and the social media posters I could somewhat understand it, but the “legitimate” media is playing the same game.
A young man is dead. That is cause for sadness regardless of the circumstances. Now more people are being hurt and perhaps killed because we as a people are no longer law-abiding. Our society is failing for a lack of responsibility. “It’s his fault, he was a thief.” “It’s his fault, he was a racist.” “It’s not our fault we’re stealing, we are protesting.”
I have no answer that I think will make any difference. I don’t hear any public voices offering any answers that will make any difference. “My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge!”
Ken Kasper
It seems everyone here has the answers, me I only have questions and isn’t it journalism to seek answers to the questions?
1. Why would a police officer shoot a teenager? He had to know it would be investigated. If I were a cop looking to shoot a black kid, I would find one more isolated and plant a weapon. I certainly would not do it with witnesses around.
2. Why did Woods ignore the cops orders? You have to know that if you do that they are not going to just forget about it?
3. Did this cop have a history of racism, PTSD, history with Woods? What is his motive?
4. Why is the cops face battered with an orbital fracture of the eye? How did this happen.
5. Did Woods rob a store just prior to the incident and was he high, this goes to state of mind. Woods can’t tell us what he was thinking but we can try to get into his head a little.
It seems to me there are more questions than answers which is why you have an investigation.
So all of you who have judged this case what will you do when you are proven wrong?
It does matter, it does matter that he charged a cop and broke his eye socket, it does matter that these young men are acting like criminals, I am sure if I walked outside right now and robbed a deli, and walked down the middle of the street, and fought with a cop and then charged him I would also be dead. It does matter that all these protests are for what? Based on a lie, based on people using this to get power, people demonizing the cops, people demonizing whites, I am disgusted with the black leaders of this country and with the mob mentality of this whole event
janeewoods
Officer Wilson does not have a broken eye socket, accord to recent reports. http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2014/08/21/darren_wilson_eye_socket_not_broken_by_michael_brown_cnn_says.html
There is also a video of Michael Brown appearing to pay for the cigars. No sound on the video though. http://sfbayview.com/2014/08/mike-brown-appears-to-have-paid-for-those-cigars/
Also, the store owner never reported a robbery. Someone else did. And the Police Chief has already said that Officer Wilson didn’t know about the robbery call. He stopped the teenagers for jaywalking. http://www.dailykos.com/story/2014/08/18/1322560/-Ferguson-Store-Owner-Says-NO-ONE-From-His-Store-Called-Cops-To-Report-Cigar-Theft?detail=facebook
I don’t think demonizing the police is the answer either. There are many police officers who strive every day to protect and serve the community, like my older brothers do. But then there are also police officers who are bad apples or who let power go to their heads or who make mistakes that can’t be justified. For dealing with those officers, we need better methods of accountability because it doesn’t seem like their bad actions are met with justice often enough.
And I am certainly NEVER for the demonizing of white people, or people from any background. We all need more respect and love for each other, no matter who we are or where we come from.
Poor writing. I wont call it investigative, let alone journalism. Sensationalism, maybe.
Maya Agora
Having traveled extensively outside the U.S, I think our culture as compared to much of the rest of the world has become so egregiously self-centered and lacking in all compassion toward people we don’t identify with (or get something from) that I am personally ready to expatriate altogether. What bothers me about news like this, however, is how we continue using it to divide instead of unite. Our government (and our media) knows that if they can keep the people divided on social issues than we will never be able to unite as one voice against the bigger forces actively working against ALL of us.
That being said, there is something else that bugs me about the whole Michael Brown discussion: This isn’t a narrative I can support until people start remembering the real definition of “racism”. Nowhere does it say that “racism” is “whites against fill-in-the-blank other race.” Having been a victim of vicious racism as a WHITE person in a black city for years, I don’t support it in any case. Nor do I endorse what happened to Michael Brown. But I get really sick of people acting like blacks and hispanics are the only ones who suffer from racism, so much that it has become taboo to challenge the conversation.
I don’t understand how an educated person like yourself can omit so much information and speak out on the subject of equality. You’ve been blinded by your aggressive ambition. The only people who will truly be moved by your article are the uneducated; need I explain why?
How are you any better than the opposition who twist facts; just like you; catering to their selfish statement and your twisted definition of equality?
Lay ALL the chips on the table and let it fall where they may. That would be respectful and gain plenty of positive attention in comparison to a one sided article such as yours.
As passionate as you may be, you’re type of article is a big part of why educated WHITE folks could care less about your message. I caught the BS no less than 10 seconds into your series of articles and it completely destroyed any chance of making a real impact on my opinion.
Do you agree with the below statements?
The police officer had a fractured eye-socket as well as being beaten prior to the shooting; but lets forget this minor detail.
Lets post pictures in all your articles of the kid having dinner with family; school pictures; older pictures of his younger innocent self. Because it is obvious that that is an accurate portrayal of what he represented on the day he brutally attacked an officer.
In your original article you posted “Shot while walking to his grandmother’s house.” This brings up images of a madman racist white police officer gone haywire and randomly murdering a child by gunfire; a child who was strolling through the street whistling songs he heard from MTV.
I truly feel for the city. I feel for the community; the people who have been mistreated, bullied, unjustifiably punished by law enforcement. I feel for them for many reasons. Racism and profiling is real; I’ve lived my entire life in an urbanized setting and I understand the injustices. Along with all the violent protesters, looters, thugs, thieves, and liars. It’s people like you who block those injustices from being heard.
It’s a shame. And to answer the underlying questions; no I’m not Caucasian.
Officer Darren Wilson did not have a fractured eye socket, according to reports from the last couple of days. http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2014/08/21/darren_wilson_eye_socket_not_broken_by_michael_brown_cnn_says.html
I have no “agressive ambition” as you say. I’m really surprised by how many people have read this piece. I wrote about this situation because I, like many people, was frustrated by another police killing that seems unjustified and the police response to the protests. I believe in justice and equity for all people and would like to see all of us moving together in that direction. My call for white allies is only one way to do that. And many white people have taken this message to heart and embraced it, so that we all can work together against racism. Others, like you, may believe in different methods but hopefully we are all striving toward the same goal and can support each other in the fight against racism.
It does matter. Whatever events led up to the encounter between Officer Darren Wilson and Michael Brown matters a lot. Who knows what Brown’s frame of mind was after committing the crimes he did, and then to be encountered by a police officer. If there was a video of Officer Darren Wilson making racist comments before encountering Michael Brown, that would matter.
I agree with others that Michael Brown didn’t get shot over a pack of stolen cigars. It is speculated that Officer Darren Wilson shot him because his life was in danger and Michael Brown was the person endangering it.
MLK Jr. said people should judge each other by the content of their character and not by the color of their skin. It’s ironic that many people don’t want an assessment of Brown’s character made based on the video footage of him committing strong arm robbery and assault, but at the same time, they want to jump all over the fact that Officer Darren Wilson is a White man. Ironic and racist…
Michael Brown’s death is a tragedy for his family, friends, and all those who loved him. It’s also a tragedy that Officer Darren Wilson’s life will never be the same again. Nobody wins here. It’s lose – lose situation.
jiqqity niqqity curve …… he got what he deserve
Jon G.
So.. I read 12 things white people can do.. and then this article, before formulating my opinion which is contained herein.
Obviously Ms. Woods, you’re articulate and intelligent. I’ll give you these qualities as a part of your character. However, with that being said, the ability to write a column and publish it on the web as your opinion based loosely on argumentative facts, suspect postulation of what may or may not have occurred, or absolute rumor does not belie the intelligence aspect previously mentioned.
One would hope that, any sane, rational, intelligent and well rounded human would wait to assassinate another’s character, person, or motive until all the facts and circumstances involving something so serious as the loss of a human life came to light.
However, as the media clearly does in any and all such cases of this nature, they open their mouths, and generally insert their collective foot. there’s 3 people who know exactly what happened when Officer Wilson encountered Mr. Brown and Mr. Johnson. One’s Dead, the other has already been caught lying twice. And retracted and or changed his story at least as many times. What we haven’t heard, is the Police Officers testimony to the day, or the investigations conclusions to what they believe occurred at that fateful moment.
So, to everyone who’s accusing this cop of murder, and stipulating that this was OBVIOUSLY a racist A**hole just itching to kill a black man. I think you need to check yourself. Anytime you simply start assuming things, the saying is.. assume is to make an ass out of “U” and “Me”.
Rioting and violence, solve nothing. it muddies an young man’s memory, strains a grieving family, and stresses a community already struggling to just survive.
Demanding this officer be tried/convicted of a crime he may or may NOT have committed before the investigation has even begun, is absurd. Should we apply this same practice to every young black male accused of a gangland style shooting anywhere in this country? Oh surely he must have done it, that’s what THEY all do. that’s the mentality you’re putting out there. Stereotyping the situation based on life experiences. Cops are bad, Cops are Racist, Cops are Dirty, blah blah blah.
I’ll be the first person to tell you , Yeah Some cops are complete and total A**holes. And Racist. and Biased. and hundreds of other personality flaws, that we all have seen everywhere, and anywhere else in life. They’re human too. But, the majority of them are decent humans, who go to work to do a job not many want to do, put them selves in a situation not many would, and expect very little in return.
If you believe the cops are a bunch of jerks, then go get your Criminal Justice degree, or Equivalent, Apply to the Police Academy and become an Officer of the Law, and THAT will effectively CHANGE the dynamic that you all so solemnly swear is in effect.
Numerous witnesses have since stipulated that Mr. Brown charged the police officer, after a physical confrontation in which he assaulted the Officer. which does corroborate with the autopsy results thus far released. IF this is in fact the case, which btw, was also corroborated by Mr. Johnson , after lying about it at first. This means there is no case for murder, or any other charge against this officer.
Why? you ask? very simply Missouri Statutes stipulate that an officer can use deadly force to stop a fleeing suspect in the commission of a felony. So, IF the officer was aware of the suspected nature of Brown’s robbery of the store, No crime was committed by Statute. OR.. after assaulting the officer he fled, or didn’t flee, and continued to agress, the statute still prevents this officer from being charged with a crime.
I’m telling you this because I absolutely believe the grand jury will not find charges to levy against this officer, and EVEN if they do, he will walk away based on this provision in Missouri law.
So what’s that mean? it means that as humans, we must stop being so petty, you want to change things? Use your Vote. Ferguson is mostly white ran politics? well.. someone in Ferguson voted for them. Who was that? Oh.. you didn’t Vote? who’s faults that? You want more blacks from your community to police you? GO APPLY. Keep your youth out of trouble so they can grow up and become the police, instead of teaching them to hate the F**king cops. Be proactive ALL the time, and do everything in your power to make your community safe, secure, and an environment people WANT to be in. after all, it is YOUR community. Take it back from the thugs, and hoodlums that give officers a reason to wonder if everyone they encounter is, stereotypical.
I’ve no doubt that if this Officer DID do anything wrong, he’ll be justly dealt with, and I fully support that. I’ve zero qualms with ridding the world of bad police. I’ve zero qualms with total accountability among the Police, and more oversight of the communities they protect.
what I do have a problem with is the character assassination and total hatred bred and spent for a man no one even knows, he was tried, convicted and hung by the community and world, before he even got a chance to say a word. I’m sorry that’s not the country we founded, and fought to defend.
I would say, be proactive elsewhere, let the justice system do it’s part. Be judgmental and radical AFTER it’s come to it’s conclusion. And if there’s a need to rise up and fight the system, then do so the appropriate way.
Every bit of information I’ve seen on this case is contradicted the next day by someone else, and each source is more dubious than the last. I remember the Zimmerman/Martin affair well. I saw the same pattern then and concluded that divining the truth about facts is too time intensive to be worth my time; it’s better for the purposes of discussion to stipulate that whether assumption A or B is true, conclusion C or D follows. Therefore if I assume that the young man was indeed a great distance away (over say 21 feet, the figure I’ve heard claimed is 35 feet) and had his hands up in surrender, whether or not he committed petty theft a short time before is in fact immaterial. A U.S. soldier in Iraq gunning down a surrendering member of ISIS commits a war crime, and obviously (or at least hopefully) the police are not at war with the citizens they are supposed to be serving, and so should be held to a much higher standard.
If on the other hand the officer was assaulted by a 6’5 tall 300 lb man (that’s the size/weight of a WWE pro wrestling performer, after all) for any reason, an average sized man would be within his rights to credibly claim he thought his life was in danger and that lethal force was justified. Knowing a little something about defensive use of weapons in the real world (having read about cases written up by an expert witness by the name of one Mr. Ayoob) and having skimmed an article about the multiple GSWs in the autopsy report, I’m inclined to believe that a physical struggle took place. For myriad reasons cops are generally trained to shoot for central body mass and the charts I saw indicated a rather strange pattern around the right arm and head. While it might be that the cop in question was just a crummy shot when he shot his arm, it doesn’t then follow that he’d settle down and successfully hit Brown dead in the eye, or magically in the top of the head. The autopsy report also indicates that all bullets hit Brown in the front; if Brown’s hands were raised those bullets ought to have struck his inner right triceps, biceps, etc. If he were really “reaching for the sky” as it were, those entry wounds should in fact be in the rear (dorsal) parts of his arm. The most objective evidence which exists of this incident will be the autopsy reports, and the reports I’ve seen of those reports are preliminary, and as I’ve said, I’m not exactly an expert. It is however worth noting that this is the autopsy commissioned by the family, so any bias as a result of conflict of interest should be in the favor of the young man’s narrative:
http://www.kmov.com/special-coverage-001/Michael-Brown-autopsies-Will-they-answer-the-critical-questions-272415121.html
Janee,
Do you stand by your claim that the robbery doesn’t matter? The newly released evidence seem to render it relevant.
Should businesses in Ferguson rebuild?
Should Michael Brown’s step-father be held liable for some of the properties damaged, in light of his calls to burn Ferguson down?
Should individuals be able to fight with police without the threat of being shot, or otherwise harmed?
Should individuals be able to ignore orders by police (e.g. to walk on the sidewalk instead of the middle of the road)?
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King of Fools (The Shadow Game #2) Review (e-ARC)
May 2, 2019 iloveheartlandx2 Comments
Book: King of Fools (The Shadow Game #2)
Author: Amanda Foody
Published By: HQ Young Adult
Expected Publication: 2nd May (yes, it releases today!)
Format: e-book
Bechdel Test: Pass-Enne, Grace and Lola have multiple discussions which are not about men, about their gang, The Spirits.
I received this book from HQ Young Adult, through Netgalley UK, in exchange for an honest review.
As always, thank you so much to HQ Young Adult and Netgalley for allowing me to read this book early, this was a massively anticipated release for me this year, so getting the chance to read it early was amazing.
I really enjoyed Ace of Shades when I read it last year, and after the cliffhanger at the end of it, I was super excited to get to King of Fools. I’m happy to say that I really loved this book, even more than Ace of Shades. The stakes are higher, everything moves a lot faster, I was more familiar with the world and there are so many awesome new characters introduced. Amanda Foody definitely struck me in the feels with this book and the ending really made me wish that I had the third book to read, like right now! Here is a short synopsis of the book:
Indulge your vices in the City of Sin, where a sinister street war is brewing and fame is the deadliest killer of them all…
On the quest to find her missing mother, prim and proper Enne Salta became reluctant allies with Levi Glaisyer, the city’s most famous con man. Saving his life in the Shadow Game forced Enne to assume the identity of Seance, a mysterious underworld figure. Now, with the Chancellor of the Republic dead and bounties on both their heads, she and Levi must play a dangerous game of crime and politics…with the very fate of New Reynes at stake.
Thirsting for his freedom and the chance to build an empire, Levi enters an unlikely partnership with Vianca Augustine’s estranged son. Meanwhile, Enne remains trapped by the mafia donna’s binding oath, playing the roles of both darling lady and cunning street lord, unsure which side of herself reflects the truth.
As Enne and Levi walk a path of unimaginable wealth and opportunity, new relationships and deadly secrets could quickly lead them into ruin. And when unforeseen players enter the game, they must each make an impossible choice: To sacrifice everything they’ve earned in order to survive…
Or die as legends.
We get a map at the beginning of this book which I loved, as a massive fantasy nerd, there’s nothing that I love more than a map, although since it was an e-arc, I couldn’t flip back and refer to it as I would in a physical book, but that didn’t really matter, it was just nice that it was there.
I really love Amanda Foody’s writing and I would definitely say I think it has improved since Ace of Shades, not that her writing in Ace of Shades was bad, it was really good, but in this book it was even better, I could pick out more than a dozen different lines that I really loved, especially the opening line of the book, it really drew me back into the City of Sin. Much as with the first book, Amanda Foody is amazing at writing setting and atmosphere and every time I opened the book, I felt completely immersed in the City of Sin. I also really loved how funny this book was? I don’t remember the last book having quite so many funny quips, but this one was chock full of them, I laughed out loud so many times which was great. I think it’s so important for dark books to have a bit of levity in them and Amanda Foody definitely achieved that balance.
We get even more expansion of the world in this book, lots of amazing new locations and we get to see the South Side for the first time which is pretty awesome because you really get the contrast between the North and South Sides. I felt like this book really expanded the scope of the world, which I loved.
Enne is 100% my favourite character in this book. She has grown so much from who she was initially in Ace of Shades and she goes through even more development in this book. She is so wonderfully unapologetic about who she is, she doesn’t feel like she needs to become more masculine to become a street lord, she will wear her lipstick and her heels and her pearls and also wield a revolver and that is wonderful. This book is so wonderfully feminist, there’s brilliant exploration of women and their relationship to power, and the parallels between Enne and Vianca are done so beautifully.
I also love how there are so many different depictions of women in this book. Not a single one of them is the same, they all have their own quirks and personalities and flaws and they’re just so wonderfully three dimensional and I WOULD DIE FOR THESE GIRLS, I SWEAR. Enne’s girl gang was without a doubt my favourite part of the book, they’re just hanging out in PJs and doing face masks with their cats who are all named after MURDERERS and it’s so brilliant. Also I can’t remember which female character it was, but one of the girls in the book had a dress with POCKETS and it is now canon that all New Reynes women wear dresses with pockets. I don’t make the rules. The fact that there are so many female friendships in this book and that they all support each other and there’s no girls hating on other girls for no reason made my heart so happy!
Levi kind of infuriated me in this book, but I think that was kind of the point. He’s basically a bit of a disaster and he’s so desperate to create his legend that he makes a lot of mistakes but honestly as much as it infuriated me, it did make me love him more. In the last book I didn’t feel like I got a great idea of who he was, after this book I feel like I understand him more and the fact that he made so many mistakes and was often selfish made him feel a lot more human to me. This book definitely embraced Levi’s flaws!
Jac gets his own POV in this book, and I was living for that! He goes through so much character development, he’s finally embracing who he is and that he doesn’t want to be a sidekick anymore, he wants the chance to create his own legend (legends being a big theme in this book). I loved his friendship with Lola, and his relationship with Sophia was wonderful. Jac’s story and his character development were definitely one of my favourite parts of this book.
Speaking of Lola, I love her so much! She basically disguises the fact that she’s a soft puppy with knives and in actuality, she’s a rule abider who won’t even jaywalk and wants her own library. I really hope Lola gets a POV in the next book, I think her POV would be so fun to read.
We get a lot of new characters in this book, which can sometimes be confusing, but Amanda Foody introduced them all so well and they’re such different people that it’s pretty easy to keep them straight. I think Grace was my favourite, she’s basically this murderous accountant who loves romance novels. There’s also Tock who has the talent of explosives and Sophia, who I can’t really talk too much about without getting into spoilers.
Levi and Enne’s relationship can get kind of frustrating at points in this book, there’s a lot of misunderstandings and secrets and well angst. Neither of them are really in a great place to be with each other at the moment, yet they are inextricably tangled together. I do think they will probably end up together in the end, but it was kind of frustrating to watch them interact in this one because a lot of the problems in their relationship are based on poor communication, though I suppose that it is quite realistic for a teen relationship! I’m kind of conflicted, because I didn’t love all the angst, but they do have really great chemistry and Amanda Foody writes such a great (and infuriating) slow burn. I’ll be interested to see how they work things out in the next book because I’m not really sure where they can go after the events of this book.
One of the big qualms I had with the first book was that the chapters were often very lengthy and the pacing wasn’t great. I’m happy to say that I didn’t have the same problems with this book, the chapters were a decent length but not overly long and the pacing was better, in fact I would say that sometimes this book had the opposite problem, in that it skipped through time a little too quickly. Unlike the first book which covered just a few days, this book is set over a few months and we would skip forward in time quite often, which I did occasionally find confusing.
The plot in this book was brilliant! It’s so twisty and complex but also action packed and just generally so much fun. The buildup is to the New Reynes elections and it was quite interesting to get to explore some of the politics of this world, it really added to the worldbuilding. There is A LOT happening, but credit where credit is due, Amanda Foody handles all these different storylines with ease and it’s pretty simple to keep track of each character’s arc. I can’t really talk too much about the plot without major spoilers, but for a 600 page book, I never felt that it lagged. There are some AMAZING plot twists and the last quarter or so of the book, I could barely catch my breath with everything that was happening. This book is such a step up in terms of plot from Ace of Shades, I can’t even.
The representation in Ace of Shades was really good and that continues here. Obviously we have Levi, who is black and bisexual, we also have Narinder, the bar owner from the last book who is gay, we have Tock and Lola who are both lesbians.
I loved how each section had a divider with a different legend from the North Side, it really added to the world building and fitted so well with a lot of the book being about creating your own legend. The sections were all based around cards so it goes up from 2 through to Ace, which was a pretty cool little touch.
I mentioned in my review of Ace of Shades how much I loved Vianca and the same is true here, she’s a brilliantly drawn woman and Foody uses her to explore a lot of how women can respond to being in a male dominated world, like I said earlier, it’s an interesting comparison drawn between her and Enne, Vianca who tries to make herself more masculine in order to get ahead in a male dominated world and Enne who unapolagetically embraces her femininity and uses them to her advantage. We also get to see her son, Harrison Augustine in this book and it’s quite interesting to see the similarities between the two of them, though I kind of wish we’d got to see them interact more.
There are so many awesome plot twists in this book as well, I wish I could talk about them more, but a lot of stuff happens that I didn’t expect and Amanda Foody pulls it all off so well and I really wish I could talk about them and not be spoilery-if anyone has read this and wants to have a spoilery chat via Twitter DM, I am open to that!
There were some small uncorrected proof errors, but nothing major and I’m sure they will have been corrected in the final copy of the book.
Once again, Foody hits it out of the park with the ending, pretty much everything is turned on it’s head in this book, the stakes are so high and that END? I need to know what happens next, 2020 is too far away!
As you can tell by my incoherent rambling, this book was AMAZING. So much happens, the stakes are raised through the roof, the characters go through so much development, the writing was great, I just loved everything about this book. I said in my review of Ace of Shades that I thought Amanda Foody had created a very ambitious world and she just didn’t manage to fit everything in that she needed to in the last book, but in this book, the plot and the stakes matched the ambition of the world so wonderfully!
My next review will either be of Naomi Novik’s Uprooted or Kesia Lupo’s We Are Blood and Thunder, depending on which one I finish first.
Also if you are wanting more Shadow Game content, I’m going to be on the UK King of Fools blog tour, doing a Q&A with Amanda, that will be going live on Tuesday, so keep an eye out for that.
King of Fools (The Shadow Game #2), Reviews, The Shadow Game Trilogy
Ace of Shades (The Shadow Game #1) Review (e-ARC)
June 6, 2018 iloveheartlandx5 Comments
Book: Ace of Shades (The Shadow Game #1)
Expected Publication: 17th May (whoops!)
Thanks to HQ Young Adult and Netgalley for allowing me to read this early! This was one of my most anticipated reads of 2018 so reading it early was a dream come true (but in no way affected my review).
I was part of Amanda Foody’s Shadow Gang, the group that did promo for this book and was doing a lot of promo for it over on my Instagram through March leading up to the US release in April, so naturally I really wanted to get to read it early. I only got it a couple of weeks before the UK release, but that was better than nothing and I’m glad to say that I did in fact enjoy it. It was a pretty slow starter, but as the book picked up, I fell more and more in love with it and after the way it ended, I am definitely super excited for the sequel! Here is a short synopsis of the book:
Welcome to the City of Sin, where casino families reign, gangs infest the streets…
and secrets hide in every shadow.
Enne Salta was raised as a proper young lady, and no lady would willingly visit New Reynes, the so-called City of Sin. But when her mother goes missing, Enne must leave her finishing school—and her reputation—behind to follow her mother’s trail to the city where no one survives uncorrupted.
Frightened and alone, her only lead is a name: Levi Glaisyer. Unfortunately, Levi is not the gentleman she expected—he’s a street lord and a con man. Levi is also only one payment away from cleaning up a rapidly unraveling investment scam, so he doesn’t have time to investigate a woman leading a dangerous double life. Enne’s offer of compensation, however, could be the solution to all his problems.
Their search for clues leads them through glamorous casinos, illicit cabarets and into the clutches of a ruthless mafia donna. As Enne unearths an impossible secret about her past, Levi’s enemies catch up to them, ensnaring him in a vicious execution game where the players always lose. To save him, Enne will need to surrender herself to the city…
And she’ll need to play
So yeah, things started off quite slowly, the chapters were kind of long and there were sections that had a lot of infodumping, so I wasn’t totally enthralled by it at first, but I stuck with it and I would definitely implore you guys to as well if you get stuck in the beginning, the chapter lengths level out and the plot is a slowly unfurling mystery with a great payoff!
I loved the world that Amanda Foody created, I thought it was really inventive and cool, it’s a kind of 1920s Vegas style world, with casinos and gangs and motorcars and everything, so yeah, the setting was definitely very immersive and probably my favourite part of this book. The way Amanda Foody writes, you definitely feel yourself being pulled into the City of Sin, she writes atmosphere and setting so well, it’s like you are there with the characters. I also thought the magic system, with the blood and split talents, each one being inherited from one parent was really cool, although I kind of wish it had been expanded upon more and I hope that it will be in the sequel. This type of magic system allowed for lots of different types of magic, which I loved, because often in fantasies, everyone with magic has one particular type so it was great to get to see lots of different abilities showcased in this book. I could have done with a little more world building, what we did get was good, but I wanted to know more about the history of New Reynes, the Mizers and the talents and how everything came to be and more about how the volts worked, but that’s probably just me being a world building nerd.
The characters were also great. Enne annoyed me at first, but I think that was the idea, because her character development over the course of the book is amazing, she starts off as this uptight, proper girl but over the ten days that this book takes place, she really grows, she becomes this amazing badass girl but still retains her feminine qualities, like loving lipstick and dresses and heels and I loved that! So often authors will only let their female characters be strong and fierce if they’re also tomboys because god forbid a woman can be strong and fierce and still like lipstick, so it was refreshing to see Enne not be like that. Levi, I wasn’t quite as keen on, he didn’t stand out for me as much as Enne, I don’t really know what it was about him, I just didn’t really connect to him and I didn’t find him that convincing as a street lord, he wasn’t fierce enough, in fact I found him to be kind of a wimp and I didn’t think he was really clever enough for me to take him seriously as a con artist. Still I did love how much he cared for his gang, and for Enne, that endeared him more to me. I wished that the main side characters, Lola and Jac had been utilised more, especially Lola, because I found her really interesting and I liked her burgeoning friendship with Enne, so it would have been great to see more of her. Jac was kind of a brotherly figure to Levi, so it would have been nice to have explored that relationship more.
One thing I didn’t love about the worldbuilding was the made up curse words and some of the gang lingo. Stuff like muck, and shatz and missy, I found their use kind of irritating. I get that having some of their own special words is part of worldbuilding but this just felt like a lazy way of avoiding using actual swear words, and like why? This is a YA book, I can guarantee that the teens who are reading it will know swear words! Perhaps it’s me being British, we tend to be a bit more liberal around swearing, but it just really annoyed me!
The villains in this book were great, both freaking terrifying. Vianca, the mafia donna of the casino Levi works at, was awful, her power can be used to literally control people and it’s pretty darn awful, but I loved seeing an unapologetic female character and there are so few female villains in books, so it was great to see one here. The other main villain, Sedric Torren, is just incredibly creepy and is heavily implied (if not outright stated) to be a paedophile, so yeah, pretty horrible and you could definitely understand why both Levi and Enne were so scared of him.
There is some good diverse representation in this book, Levi is black and bisexual, and Enne’s adopted mother Lourdes is gender fluid (although she is kind of more talked about than actually seen so I don’t know if I can exactly call it rep). I think we could have done with some more, but it was definitely a good start. Lourdes is kind of an enigma through the book, but I kind of don’t feel like we’ve heard the last of her, I think she’s gonna pop back up in the next book, even with what supposedly happened to her in this book.
I liked how the plot around Enne’s family unfurled, I don’t want to spoil it for anyone, but I liked the way things played out there, even if it was a little cliched and I look forward to seeing what she does next now that she knows about her heritage.
The romance was…..I don’t really know what to think about it. It was weird in that it felt kind of like instalove and yet still a slow burn at the same time. Half the time I was screeching at Enne and Levi to kiss already and the other half I was like, why? They barely know each other! So yeah, I haven’t really made up my mind how I feel about Enne and Levi’s potential romance yet-nothing really happened with regards to that in this book, so I’ll see how I feel about it in the next book.
I really liked the actual Shadow Game part of the book, but it felt kind of rushed, because it only came up right at the very end of the book. I understand why, but I wish we had maybe got to it a bit sooner and that the rules had been explained a bit better because I still don’t quite understand how it all worked. That was a problem throughout the book really, the pacing was off all the way through, it was too slow to start with and then the climax was rushed (this seems to be a quite common trend for me in a lot of the books I read).
Like I said earlier, I liked how Amanda Foody wrote the setting, that was cool, but I didn’t always love her writing, there were some overwrought YA type metaphors, like “She was a blade disguised as a girl” etc. It wasn’t so much that I hated it, but it definitely did niggle at me.
The epilogue was so intense, we get introduced to a new character, who seems very interesting and after the way everything went down towards the end of the book, it certainly seems like the sequel is going to be really intense!
Overall, I did enjoy this book. I don’t think it quite lived up to the potential of its premise, but the magic system and the world were really interesting and I loved the character development that Enne had throughout the book and the end of this book sets up for some really exciting stuff happening in the next book. I think this world is quite ambitious and Foody just didn’t manage to fit everything that needed to be explained in, but I’m hoping we will get more of this in the next book. I think it’s a really creative world that Amanda Foody has come up with here and I look forward to seeing what happens next.
My Rating: 3.5/5
Bechdel Test: PASS-Lola and Enne have several conversations in the book that don’t revolve around men.
My next review will be of the second book in the Six of Crows duology, Crooked Kingdom (well maybe, if I don’t finish my e-ARC of A Thousand Perfect Notes first).
Ace of Shades (The Shadow Game #1), Reviews, The Shadow Game Trilogy
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The Roses, Pierre-Joseph Redouté, 1759–1840, Published by Taschen
https://joel-oppenheimer-inc.odoo.com/shop/product/book-redoute-001-the-roses-pierre-joseph-redoute-1759-1840-published-by-taschen-20930
Published by Taschen, (January 26, 2000)
The Roses, 1759—1840
By Pierre-Joseph Redouté
10 3/4 x 13 1/2 x 1 1/2 inches
The Roses, Pierre-Joseph Redouté, 1759—1840
Comprising 169 images, Les Roses was published in 30 parts between 1817 and 1824 and enjoyed immediate success. Redouté, masterfully employed stipple engraving to depict the translucency of the flower petals and portrait-like individuality of each leaf and flower. The intensity of inking and subtlety of coloring all contribute to engravings of unrivaled beauty.
Considered to be a French artist, Pierre-Joseph Redouté (1759—1840) was born in the village of Saint-Hubert, now a part of Belgium. The descendant of a long line of painters, he was first trained by his artist father, Charles Joseph Redouté (1715—76). At the age of 15 he left to make a living as an itinerant painter and decorator. In 1782, his elder brother, Antoine Ferdinand Redouté (1756—1809), a highly regarded decorative artist, invited him to join him in Paris. There he began sketching rare plants at the Jardin du Roi. At the Jardin du Roi (now the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle), his artwork was noticed by the Linnaean botanist Charles Louis L’Héritier and Gerard van Spaëndonck, Royal Professor of Painting. Redouté became L’Héritier and van Spaëndonck’s most gifted pupil. Gerard van Spaëndonck is recognized for developing the watercolor technique that Pierre-Joseph Redouté later popularized.
In 1786, Pierre-Joseph Redouté spent a brief period in England where he was introduced to the stipple-engraving technique. Employed at that time primarily for portraiture, it is a process of incising minute depressions in a copper plate forming a field of dots rather than lines. Stipple engraving is sublimely suited to conveying the subtle tonal gradations of watercolors. Pierre-Joseph Redouté, who is credited with perfecting this technique said, “The process which we invented in 1796 for color printing consists in the employment of these colors on a single plate…. We have thereby softness and brilliance of a watercolor.” The dynamic realism he achieved surpassed all previous attempts at color botanical printmaking. In recognition of this valuable contribution, Pierre-Joseph Redouté was awarded a medal by Louis XVIII.
On the eve of the French Revolution, Pierre-Joseph Redouté was named to the position of Draftsman to the Cabinet of Marie Antoinette. Remarkably, he not only survived the Revolution, but attracted the patronage of Josephine Bonaparte in a seamless transition from the royal court to the French Republic. In 1798, Josephine Bonaparte acquired a grand estate, Malmaison, and began to fill its gardens with the rarest plants that the old and new worlds could furnish. Many of the examples depicted in Les Roses are from Josephine Bonaparte’s gardens at Malmaison, as well as from other significant gardens of that time.
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Specifications for The Roses, Pierre-Joseph Redouté, 1759–1840, Published by Taschen
Book Type New Hardcover
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Investigative Journalism Training Boosts the Capacity of Central American Journalists to Expose Corruption and Highlight Social Issues
The training included a fellowship program as well as training of trainers
More than 90 journalists in El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras were trained in investigative and data journalism, as well as physical and digital security, through a program conducted by Internews in the region.
The intensive fellowship and mentoring program, which concluded in August, was part of a project — Promoting Journalism and Freedom of Expression — that seeks to improve the quality and quantity of investigative journalism in the Northern Triangle and support protection initiatives that advance the environment in which Central American journalists operate.
"The project has helped to improve and strengthen journalism in the region,” says María José Villalta, Internews El Salvador Program Associate. “As part of the training, the journalists conducted investigations that helped expose situations of corruption, violence and other social and political issues that that had not been previously identified."
At the start of the program, 30 participants (10 per country) received support and methodology to carry out their journalistic reports. In the last phase of the fellowship program, 17 investigations were presented by the journalists.
"The support Internews provided us was important both financially and in terms of capacity building,” said Mariela Castañón, a Fellow of Guatemala. “During the development of my research it was possible to make investments that as journalists we could not ordinarily do. I was able to strengthen my research and data capabilities, my ability to request public information and my understanding of research methodology.”
The project not only supported journalists in carrying out their investigations; it also supported the training of the trainers who lead the fellowship programs.
"Internews gave me the opportunity to prepare to train journalists and then let me take advantage of the capacities developed to train more than 100 journalists from Honduras, El Salvador and Guatemala,” said Ximena Villagrán, one of the 15 journalists with the most experience in journalism research and data, who developed a training curriculum. “This experience has helped me to define my professional future.”
Despite the progress made in strengthening journalism, there are situations that make the work challenging in Central America. "It is becoming more and more complicated to do investigative journalism. But efforts like that from Internews can help return the essential value of investigative practice to media in the region," said Marvin Rodriguez, a Fellow from El Salvador.
"Internews filled a space that was empty in the region, to train and support journalists,” added Villagrán. “Until the arrival of Internews there was no organization that carried out intensive training activities for journalists without having to take them out of their countries while also creating local and internal capacity.”
"Through organizations such as Internews it is possible to obtain this knowledge, make better investigations and create quality journalism for our societies that deserve and demand it," says Mariela Castañón.
(Banner photo: Closing ceremony in City of Guatemala, Guatemala. Credit: Internews)
© 2019 Internews
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Medical Marijuana, Inc. Subsidiary Kannaway® Honored as Gold Stevie® Award Winner in 2019 American Business Awards®
Posted on May 2, 2019 May 2, 2019 by Jeffrey Stamberger
SAN DIEGO, May 2, 2019 — Medical Marijuana, Inc. (OTC:MJNA) announced today that its subsidiary Kannaway®, the first hemp lifestyle network to offer cannabidiol (CBD) hemp botanical products, was named the winner of a Gold Stevie® Award in the Medium Company of the Year – Health Products & Services category in The 17th Annual American Business Awards®. The company was also named the winner of a Bronze Stevie® Award in the Consumer Products Category for its Cannabis Beauty Defined® cannabidiol (CBD) skincare line.
The American Business Awards are the U.S.A.’s premier business awards program. All organizations operating in the U.S.A. are eligible to submit nominations – public and private, for-profit and non-profit, large and small. Nicknamed the Stevies for the Greek word meaning “crowned,” the awards will be presented to winners at a gala ceremony at the Marriott Marquis Hotel in New York on Tuesday, June 11.
More than 200 professionals worldwide participated in the judging process to select this year’s Stevie Award winners.
Kannaway® is the first direct selling company to sell hemp-derived CBD products in the U.S. and one of the first to provide CBD’s many potentially life-changing benefits to people across the globe. By offering high-quality products that promote a healthy lifestyle, the company has garnered a worldwide following and a team of experienced, passionate Brand Ambassadors representing their products.
Kannaway® received these awards because of its significant growth over the past three years, especially in 2018. Stevie® Award judges stated that Kannaway® is a “fast-growing company in a fast-growing market” and that the company should “receive an award for improving its customers’ quality of life.”
“We are honored to receive these prestigious business awards for our company growth and innovative offerings,” said Kannaway® CEO Blake Schroeder. “We are thankful that we have this opportunity to showcase our accomplishments and our dedication to providing the highest-quality hemp products in the cannabis industry.”
The Cannabis Beauty Defined® anti-aging skincare line, a winner of a Bronze Stevie® Award in the Consumer Products Category, includes five hemp-infused products that utilize the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of cannabis and pair them with a blend of herbal extracts to moisturize, nourish, and protect skin. Stevie® Award judges stated that Cannabis Beauty Defined® is a “unique and very promising new product which seems to be very effective and made up of non-toxic ingredients.”
“Our company believes in the many potential wellness benefits of hemp-derived CBD and we want to do everything we can to provide people with the education and resources they need to understand how CBD can become a part of their everyday lives,” said Medical Marijuana, Inc. CEO Dr. Stuart Titus. “These awards help us build on our trusted reputation and gain consumer confidence to break the deep-seeded stigma against hemp and cannabis in the U.S.”
Details about The American Business Awards and the list of 2019 Stevie winners are available at www.StevieAwards.com/ABA.
To learn more about Kannaway, please visit http://www.kannaway.com.
About Kannaway®
Kannaway® is a network sales and marketing company specializing in the sales and marketing of hemp-based botanical products. Kannaway currently hosts weekly online sales meetings and conferences across the United States, offering unique insight and opportunity to sales professionals who are desirous of becoming successful leaders in the sale and marketing of hemp-based botanical products.
About the Stevie Awards
Stevie Awards are conferred in seven programs: the Asia-Pacific Stevie Awards, the German Stevie Awards, The American Business Awards®, The International Business Awards®, the Stevie Awards for Women in Business, the Stevie Awards for Great Employers, and the Stevie Awards for Sales & Customer Service. Stevie Awards competitions receive more than 12,000 entries each year from organizations in more than 70 nations. Honoring organizations of all types and sizes and the people behind them, the Stevies recognize outstanding performances in the workplace worldwide. Learn more about the Stevie Awards at http://www.StevieAwards.com.
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Mr. Zaid F. Alsikafi has been a member of our board of directors since March 2007. Mr. Alsikafi is a Managing Director at Madison Dearborn. Prior to joining Madison Dearborn in 1999, Mr. Alsikafi was an investment banking analyst at Goldman Sachs & Co. Mr. Alsikafi currently serves on the boards of directors of Centennial Towers, Quickplay Media and Q9 Networks. Mr. Alsikafi holds a B.S. from the University of Pennsylvania and an MBA from Harvard University.
Zaid F. Alsikafi , , , Director – Madison Dearborn Partners, LLC
Mr. Alfonso de Angoitia has been a member of our board of directors since December 2010. Mr. Angoitia has served as Executive Vice President, Member of the Executive Office of the Chairman and Member of the Executive Committee of Grupo Televisa S.A.B. (“Grupo Televisa”) since November 1999. From 1994 to 1999, Mr. Angoitia was a founding partner of the law firm Mijares, Angoitia, Cortés y Fuentes, S.C. Mr. Angoitia currently serves on the boards of directors of Grupo Televisa, Grupo Financiero Banorte and (as an alternate member) Fomento Económico Mexicano, S.A.B. de C.V. Mr. Angoitia holds a law degree from Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico.
Alfonso de Angoitia , , , Executive Vice President – Grupo Televisa, S.A.B.
Mr. Emilio Azcárraga Jean has been a member of our board of directors since December 2010. Mr. Azcárraga has served as President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the board of directors of Televisa since April 1997. Mr. Azcárraga currently serves on the boards of directors of Televisa and Banco Nacional de México, S.A. Mr. Azcárraga holds a B.A. in Industrial Relations from Iberoamericana University and an M.B.A. Honoris Causa from the Business Institute of Madrid, Spain.
Emilio Azcarraga Jean , , , Chairman of the Board & Chief Executive Officer – Grupo Televisa, S.A.B.
Mr. Bonderman is a Founding Partner of TPG, one of the world’s largest private equity investment firms. Through its global buyout platform, TPG generally makes significant investments in operating companies through acquisitions and restructurings across a broad range of industries globally. Mr. Bonderman serves or has served on the boards of directors of several public companies, including: Armstrong World Industries, Inc.; Burger King Holdings, Inc.; Continental Airlines, Inc.; CoStar Group, Inc.; Ducati Motor Holdings S.p.A.; General Motors Company; Gemalto N.V.; Gemplus International S.A. (predecessor to Gemalto); RyanAir Holdings PLC, of which he is Chairman; Pace Holdings Corp.; TPG Pace Energy Holdings Corp.; and TPG Pace Holdings Corp., of which he is Chairman. Mr. Bonderman also serves or has served on the board of directors of several private companies, including: IASIS Healthcare, LLC; XOJET, Inc.; and UBER Technologies, Inc. Prior to forming TPG in 1992, Mr. Bonderman was Chief Operating Officer of the Robert M. Bass Group, Inc. (RMBG), now doing business as Keystone Group, L.P. in Fort Worth, Texas. Prior to joining RMBG in 1983, Mr. Bonderman was a partner in the law firm of Arnold & Porter in Washington, D.C., where he specialized in corporate, securities, bankruptcy and antitrust litigation. From 1969 to 1970, Mr. Bonderman was a Fellow in Foreign and Comparative Law in conjunction with Harvard University, and from 1968 to 1969, he was Special Assistant to the U.S. Attorney General in the Civil Rights Division. From 1967 to 1968, Mr. Bonderman was Assistant Professor at Tulane University School of Law in New Orleans. Mr. Bonderman graduated magna cum laude from Harvard Law School in 1966. He was a member of the Harvard Law Review and a Sheldon Fellow. He is a 1963 graduate of the University of Washington in Seattle.
David Bonderman , , , Founding Partner – TPG Capital, L.P.
Adam Chesnoff is the President and Chief Operating Officer of Saban Capital Group, Inc. In this position, Mr. Chesnoff is responsible for overseeing the company’s investment and business activities, including private equity and public market investments. Mr. Chesnoff is Chairman of the Board of Directors of Partner Communications, a leading telecommunications company in Israel; Chairman of the Board of Directors of Celestial Tiger Entertainment, an owner and operator of pay television channels across Asia; and a member of the Board of Commissioners of MNC, Indonesia’s largest and only vertically-integrated media company. In addition, Mr. Chesnoff co-formed and directed the investment group that acquired a controlling stake in ProSiebenSat.1 Media AG, Germany's largest television group, and he served as Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors of ProSiebenSat.1 from August 2003 until March 2007. From 2005 to 2010, Mr. Chesnoff served on the Board of Directors of Bezeq, Israel’s incumbent telecommunications company. Prior to becoming President and COO of Saban Capital Group, Mr. Chesnoff spent five years at Fox Family Worldwide (FFWW) where he oversaw business development across all global divisions, including television channels, programming, production, international distribution and merchandising. From 1994 to 1995, Mr. Chesnoff worked in the Business Affairs and Corporate Development groups at Sony Pictures Entertainment and Columbia Pictures, where he focused on strategic planning, financial analysis, deal structuring and new business development in the Motion Picture and Television divisions. In 1991, Mr. Chesnoff worked in the Far East for one year where he oversaw the establishment of a garment-factory network for export to the United States. Mr. Chesnoff is a graduate of UCLA's Anderson School of Business (MBA, 1994) and Tel Aviv University’s Recanati School of Business Administration (BA, Economics and Management, 1991).
Adam Chesnoff , , , President and Chief Operating Officer – Saban Capital Group, Inc.
Mr. Henry G. Cisneros has been a member of our board of directors since June 2007. Mr. Cisneros has served as a Chairman of CityView America, a joint venture to build affordable homes in metropolitan areas which he founded, since 2005. From August 2000 to June 2005, Mr. Cisneros served as Chairman of American CityVista, a joint venture with KB Home which he founded. From January 1997 to August 2000, Mr. Cisneros served as our President, Chief Operating Officer and a member of our board of directors. Mr. Cisneros currently serves on the boards of directors of CityView, La Quinta, New America Alliance and the San Antonio Hispanic Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Cisneros has previously served on the boards of directors of KB Home, Countrywide Financial Corporation and Live Nation. Mr. Cisneros holds a B.A. and an M.A. in Urban and Regional Planning from Texas A&M University, an M.P.A. from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University and a Doctor in Public Administration from George Washington University.
Henry G. Cisneros , , , Executive Chairman – CityView
Ms. Julie Hong Clayton has been a member of our board of directors since December 2015. Ms. Clayton is a Principal of TPG and leads TPG's equity capital markets efforts across its platforms. Prior to joining TPG in September 2013, Ms. Clayton was a Director of Bank of America Merrill Lynch in their Equity Capital Markets group. Ms. Clayton holds an A.B. in Economics from Harvard College.
Julie Hong Clayton , , , Principal – TPG Capital, L.P.
Mr. Michael P. Cole has been a member of our board of directors since April 2007. Mr. Cole has served as President of MAEVA Group, a turnaround-oriented merchant bank since April 2014. From August 1997 to March 2014, Mr. Cole served in positions of increasing responsibility with Madison Dearborn, including as a Managing Director since 2007. Mr. Cole holds an A.B. from Harvard College.
Michael P. Cole , , , President – Maeva Group, LLC
Mr. Bernardo Gomez Martínez has been a member of our board of directors since March 2017. Mr. Gomez Martínez currently serves as Executive Vice President of Grupo Televisa, and as Member of the Executive Office of the Chairman, and Member of the Executive Committee. Mr. Gomez Martínez has been a member of the board of directors of Grupo Televisa since April 1999, and serves on the boards of several of its subsidiaries and affiliated companies. Mr. Gomez Martínez previously served as Deputy Director to the Chairman of Grupo Televisa from April 2000 to 2004. Mr. Gomez Martínez also served as President of the Mexican Chamber of Television and Radio Broadcasters from 2001 to 2002.
Bernardo Gomez Martinez , , , Executive Vice President - Grupo Televisa, S.A.B.
Mr. Michael N. Gray has been a member of our board of directors since April 2011. Mr. Gray is a Managing Director of Providence Equity. Prior to joining Providence Equity in August 2004, Mr. Gray served as a Vice President of First Union Capital Partners. Currently, Mr. Gray also serves on the board of directors of Grupo TorreSur, ikaSystems and Trilogy International Partners. Mr. Gray holds a B.S. in Business Administration and a Master of Accounting from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and an M.B.A. from the Stanford Graduate School of Business.
Michael Gray , , , Principal – Providence Equity Partners
Paul Hudson is the founding partner of Glade Brook Capital Partners, serves as its Chief Investment Officer, and has led all investment efforts since inception. Prior to founding Glade Brook, Mr. Hudson was a Managing Director and Head of the Communications, Media & Entertainment group at Shumway Capital Partners where he also helped launch the firm’s private investing effort. Earlier in his career, Mr. Hudson was an Analyst at Rhombus Capital Management, an Associate at Alterity Partners, and an Analyst at Morgan Stanley & Co. Mr. Hudson earned an A.B. with honors from Georgetown University.
Paul Hudson , , , Founding Partner & Chief Investment Officer – Glade Brook Capital, LLC
Mr. Jason Kilar has been a member of our board of directors since September 2016. Mr. Kilar is CEO and co-founder at Vessel. Prior to co-founding Vessel in 2013, Mr. Kilar was Chief Executive Officer of Hulu from 2007 until April 2013. Prior to Hulu, Mr. Kilar served in a variety of senior leadership roles with Amazon, including Senior Vice President, Worldwide Application Software, and Vice President and General Manager of Amazon’s North American media businesses. Mr. Kilar currently serves on the board of directors of Medical and Dental Commerce Corp., which is referred to as Brighter. Mr. Kilar previously served on the board of DreamWorks Animation. Mr. Kilar holds a B.A. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School.
Jason Kilar , , , Chief Executive Officer - Vessel
Mr. Jonathan M. Nelson has been a member of our board of directors since April 2007. Mr. Nelson has served as Chief Executive Officer and founder of Providence Equity since 1989. Mr. Nelson currently serves on the boards of directors of The Chernin Group, Television Broadcasts Limited, “Hong Kong,” Soccer United Marketing, L.L.C., an affiliate of Major League Soccer and Sports Network, Inc. Mr. Nelson has previously served on the boards of directors of AT&T Canada, Inc., Bresnan Broadband Holdings, LLC, Brooks Fiber Properties, Inc. (now Verizon Communications Inc.), Eircom plc, Hulu, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Inc., Language Line, Voice Stream Wireless Corp. (now Deutsche Telekom A.G.), Warner Music Group Corp., Wellman Inc. and Western Wireless Corporation (now Alltel Corp.), Yankees Entertainment and Sports Network (YES) as well as numerous privately-held companies affiliated with Providence Equity and Narragansett Capital Inc. Mr. Nelson holds a B.A. from Brown University and an M.B.A. from Harvard University.
Jonathan M. Nelson , , , Chief Executive Officer – Providence Equity Partners
Mr. Gregory Norden has been a member of our board of directors since December 2015. Mr. Norden has served as Managing Director of G9 Capital Group, LLC since October 2010. From June 1989 to January 2010, Mr. Norden held various senior positions with Wyeth/American Home Products, most recently as Wyeth’s Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Prior to this role, Mr. Norden was Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Wyeth Pharmaceuticals. Prior to his affiliation with Wyeth, Mr. Norden served as Audit Manager at Arthur Andersen & Company. Mr. Norden also serves on the boards of directors of NanoString Technologies, Zoetis and Royalty Pharma. Mr. Norden is a former director of Welch Allyn (acquired by Hill-Rom in September 2015), Lumara Health (acquired by AMAG Pharmaceuticals in November 2014) and Human Genome Sciences (acquired by GlaxoSmithKline in August 2012). Mr. Norden holds an M.S. in Accounting from Long Island University—C.W. Post and a B.S. in Management/Economics from the State University of New York—Plattsburgh.
Gregory Norden , , , Managing Director – G9 Capital Group, LLC
Mr. James N. Perry, Jr. has been a member of our board of directors since March 2007. Mr. Perry is a Managing Director at Madison Dearborn, a position he has held since 1999. Prior to co-founding Madison Dearborn, Mr. Perry was with First Chicago Venture Capital for eight years. Prior to that, Mr. Perry worked at The First National Bank of Chicago. Mr. Perry currently serves on the boards of directors of Asurion Corporation, Centennial Towers, Quickplay Media, The Topps Company and Chicago Public Media. Over the last ten years Mr. Perry has served on the boards of directors of Cbeyond Communications, Cinemark, MetroPCS, and T-Mobile USA. Mr. Perry holds a B.A. in Economics from the University of Pennsylvania and an M.B.A. from The University of Chicago Booth School of Business.
James N. Perry , , , Managing Director – Madison Dearborn Partners, LLC
Mr. Haim Saban has been the Chairman and a member of our board of directors since April 2007. Mr. Saban has served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Saban Capital Group, Inc. since 2002, and serves on the board of non-public affiliated entities thereof. Mr. Saban also has served as Chairman of the board of directors of Saban Capital Acquisition Corp., a publicly listed company on NASDAQ, since 2016. From June 1997 to October 2001, Mr. Saban served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Fox Family Worldwide. Mr. Saban previously served on the board of directors of ProSiebenSat.1 Media AG as chairman of the supervisory board, Television Francaise 1 and DirecTV, Inc.
Haim Saban , , , Chairman and Chief Executive Officer – Saban Capital Group, Inc.
Vincent Sadusky is Chief Executive Officer of Univision Communications Inc. (UCI), the leading media company serving Hispanic America. A mission-driven company committed to informing, entertaining and empowering its audience, UCI reaches more than 100 million unduplicated media consumers monthly across its portfolio of media brands, which includes 17 broadcast, cable and digital networks and 121 local television and radio stations, as well as numerous digital and mobile platforms. Sadusky has deep experience in the media industry and a proven track record as an effective and innovative leader. He served as CEO of LIN Media for eight years and went onto serve as CEO of Media General when the companies merged in 2014. Throughout his tenure of more than ten years with the companies, he helped build a more comprehensive, integrated and competitive offering across all markets for the benefit of customers, advertisers and brands. Under Sadusky’s leadership, the company saw improved ratings, enhanced television station operations, digital and subscriber growth and the expansion of local news. Earlier in his career, Sadusky held several executive positions at Telemundo Communications, Inc., including Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. An active participant in the industry throughout his career, Sadusky currently serves on the board of directors of International Game Technology. He has previously served as a board member of Hemisphere Media Group, the National Association of Broadcasters and NBC Affiliates. He received a Master of Business Administration from New York Institute of Technology and a Bachelor of Science in accounting from Pennsylvania State University, where he was a University Scholar.
Vincent Sadusky , , , Chief Executive Officer
Mr. Enrique F. Senior Hernández has been a member of our board of directors since December 2010. Mr. Senior Hernández has served as a Managing Director of Allen & Company, LLC since July 1972. Mr. Senior Hernández currently serves on the boards of directors of Televisa, Coca-Cola FEMSA, S.A.B. de C.V., Fomento Económico Mexicano, S.A.B. de C.V. and Cinemark Holdings, Inc. Mr. Senior Hernández holds a B.A. in Architecture, a B.E. in Electrical Engineering and a B.S. in Industrial Administration from Yale University, an M.B.A. from the Harvard University, and an honorary J.D. from Emerson College.
Enrique F. Senior Hernandez , , , Managing Director – Allen & Company
Mr. David I. Trujillo is a Partner of TPG and leads TPG’s Internet, Media and Communications investing efforts. Prior to joining TPG in January 2006, Mr. Trujillo was a Vice President of GTCR Golder Rauner, LLC from January 1998 through December 2005 and an investment banker at Merrill Lynch & Co. Mr. Trujillo is currently a Director of Creative Artists Agency (CAA), Lynda.com and RentPath. Mr. Trujillo led TPG’s growth equity investments in Airbnb and Uber, as well as TPG’s historic credit investments in Citadel Broadcasting and Clear Channel Communications. Mr. Trujillo previously served on the boards of Fenwal Therapeutics, Sorenson Communications, HSM Electronic Protection Services and Triad Financial. Mr. Trujillo received a B.A. in Economics from Yale University and an M.B.A. from the Stanford Graduate School of Business.
David Trujillo , , , Principal – TPG Capital, L.P.
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← Justifying “ersatz authority”
When Belief Makes Reality →
It Sometimes Begins with Emerson
Posted on December 14, 2018 by Irfan Khawaja under Uncategorized
I just did this survey, “put together by the Philosophy Learning and Teaching Organization (PLATO) and the APA Committee on Pre-College Instruction in Philosophy.” (You have to be an APA member to take it.)
https://delaware.ca1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_4McDN9ZhI7GVYCp
It was fun. It gave me a chance to reflect on my first encounter with philosophy, which, contrary to the old saw, didn’t begin with Ayn Rand. It began in a high school English class on American literature, where we read Emerson and Thoreau. I’m not sure contemporary analytic philosophers would regard either of the two as real philosophers, but whatever you call them, they were my first contact with anything describable as philosophy.* I found them pretty enthralling, and still do. As it happens, I’m re-reading Walden for the first time in a couple of decades, and enjoying it immensely. One of my undergraduate teachers, George Kateb, predicted to me back then that I would one day forsake Ayn Rand and return home to the American Transcendentalists. I was offended at the time, but by George, he was right.
I went to a WASPy private high school with an old and venerable past. One of the school’s legendary teachers was a gentleman whom I’d never met named Herbert F. Hahn, who’d written a self-published book, The Great Philosophers: Men of Ideas (1977)–a clear, cogent summary of the history of “Western” philosophy from Plato to Sartre. I was surprised to discover that despite its obscurity, the book is currently available on Amazon, but maybe I shouldn’t have been. I mean, if I can buy moist cat food through Amazon, why not an obscure self-published philosophy book?
Like all philosophical (“philosophical”) teenagers, I was for awhile an existentialist, and also (for a week) a Buddhist. I read some Sartre and Camus, but my real love was Hermann Hesse–this despite never having smoked a single joint in my life. (Trying to be candid here, but not sure which of these confessions is worse than the other.) I seem to remember that my favorite Hesse novel was Narcissus and Goldmund, but despite having re-read it a few years ago, I don’t remember a single thing about it; honestly, I don’t know what I was thinking either time. I also managed during this existentialist phase to work my way through William Barrett’s Irrational Man, whose chapter on Sartre (freedom-as-negation) still strikes me as profound, consoling, and as offering useful guidance for a police interrogation.
The point of the APA/PLATO survey is to create a database on early introductions to philosophy in the hopes of developing programs that introduce K-12 students to philosophy. Philosophy for Children is now a thing, and particularly so in New Jersey, as the Institute for the Advancement of Philosophy for Children (IAPC), “the world’s oldest organization devoted to young people’s philosophical practice,” happens to be housed on the campus of the Garden State’s own Montclair State University. I have friends and colleagues who work at IAPC, and respect what they do, but have to confess to being of two minds on the idea of introducing kids to philosophy, because–wait for it–I kinda think they’re too young for it. Granted, this avowal comes from a guy who also thinks that six-year-olds should be disabused of their belief in Santa Claus and the Tooth Fairy. But hey, a foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds, so give it a rest.
“Too young”? Cringeworthy, I know. It’s the kind of phrase you use when you’ve gotten old and crotchety, own property, have a mortgage to pay, and have basically given up on life, but I guess my view is that philosophy is a second-order subject that presupposes a fair bit of first-order knowledge that K-12 students don’t have. So maybe it makes more sense to teach them some first-order stuff before they do philosophy? My own preference is that K-12 students get a firm grounding in natural science, statistics, history, economics, and law (not just mush-milk “civics,” but real law, i.e., criminal procedure) before they get started on philosophy. I’m also inclined to think, a la Nicomachean Ethics I.3, that K-12 students lack the practical experience of the world that philosophy (or at least practical philosophy) demands. “Let no one ignorant of the mortgage application process enter here.”
On the other hand, I’m not sure I would ever have read Emerson or Thoreau had I not first read them and fallen in love with them in high school. That’s a pleasure I wouldn’t want to deprive someone of (or as a high school teacher might put it, a pleasure of which I wouldn’t want to deprive someone). And the whole point of existentialism is not to need any experience of anything beyond your freewheeling self: you have radical freedom, if you have it at all, whether you have a 30-year home mortgage and 401(k) or not. So maybe a K-12 dose of philosophy, at least through literature, isn’t such a bad idea. Going out on a limb here, but maybe every teenager should read “Self-Reliance,” The Stranger, and/or Steppenwolf. (?)
That said, I also think that K-12 students should be reading the Bible and Qur’an, not merely as “literature,” but as the religious texts they are. I’ve actually been saying that to deaf ears for almost thirty years, but try to get the idea past the average career-obsessed helicopter parent, ideologically charged PTA/Board of Ed, or myopic school superintendent. “Religion belongs at home,” comes the holier-than-thou response–a claim made by no religion ever. But give the kids one little whiff of holy war, martyrdom, or jihad, and there goes your fucking job, so I don’t see high school teachers teaching these wonderful texts any time soon. I raise the point (in case you were wondering) because religion is an excellent gateway drug to philosophy, so you’d think there might be takers on that score. But I doubt there are.
Well, I’m done. Since we’re talking philosophy here, it’s entirely fair of me to leave you with an inconclusive antinomy or trilemma or whatever it is I’ve just left you in.
I’m curious how PoT readers first got introduced to philosophy. Feel free to share. Come on, it’s not self-indulgent if everybody does it. And after all, as Emerson puts it in “The American Scholar”: “The actions and events of our childhood and youth are now matters of calmest observation. They lie like fair pictures in the air.” Right? What could go wrong?
*Actually, there’s a Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on American Transcendentalism and on Emerson, but I’m not sure whether that really contradicts what I say in the post. I mean, SEP’s got an entry on Ayn Rand, so we’re not exactly dealing with a reliable source here.
**As I wrote that, this study happened to pop into my inbox. Again, not really sure it contradicts what I’m saying, but could hardly pass up an opportunity to cite the most recent issue of Analytic Teaching and Philosophy Praxis.
This entry was tagged Aristotle, Ayn Rand, Camus, children, existentialism, Hermann Hesse, IAPC, pedagogy, philosophy, Ralph Waldo Emerson, sartre, transcendentalism, William Barrett. Bookmark the permalink.
87 thoughts on “It Sometimes Begins with Emerson”
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“I’m not sure contemporary analytic philosophers would regard either of the two as real philosophers”
There’s an Emersonian sub-subculture within the contemporary Wittgensteinian subculture — with Cavell being the most prominent influence.
“I kinda think they’re too young for it”
Have you read Gareth Matthews’ book “Philosophy and the Young Child”? He argues that philosophy is a continuation of a childlike form of inquiry that philosophers, unlike everyone else, fortunately fail to get socialised out of.
“One of my undergraduate teachers, George Kateb, predicted to me back then that I would one day forsake Ayn Rand and return home to the American Transcendentalists.”
Do you think Voltairine de Cleyre counts as a Transcendentalist? This essay of hers in particular reminds me of Emerson:
http://praxeology.net/VC-DI.htm
though I get an Emersonian vibe from these two as well:
http://praxeology.net/VC-POS.htm
http://praxeology.net/VC-A1901.htm
She had a much stronger pessimistic streak in her than Emerson did, though, I’d say.
I haven’t read Matthews’ book, but a couple of friends and colleagues worked with him and continue to work in developing ways to present philosophy to children. What I know of their work, and of children, strongly inclines me to agree with the general idea that philosophy is a continuation of childlike inquiry. But what I know of the material also suggests that they don’t try to teach philosophy to children in the way that most immediately comes to mind — viz., by trying to do with 12 year olds what we try to do in Intro to Philosophy. I suspect that Irfan’s worry about philosophy’s second-order character requiring a good deal of first-order knowledge applies here, too, but I’m cautiously optimistic that the movement to do philosophy for children can do good things that are actually philosophical. It’s just unlikely to come in the form of, say, reading Descartes’ Meditations, which is what I will be doing with a bunch of 12th graders come January.
I’ll see whether I can entice some folks who know more about this than I do to offer their insights here.
I certainly agree that what we do in Intro to Philosophy wouldn’t work with most 12-year-olds.
(Though there’s a depressing sense in which it doesn’t work with most college students either. Still, I’d expect it to work better, and more often, with college students than with 12-year-olds, sure.)
I was going to say the same as David, and then going to add the same as Roderick’s parenthetical. I may have taught Intro Philosophy twice or three times in the last decade. I avoid it now like the plague. Will explain in response to David’s long comment below.
I have not, alas, read Cavell, Matthews, or Voltairine de Cleyre (or even very much Wittgenstein). So yes, basically, I am illiterate, but I’ll read V de C soon and see what I think. Thanks for the suggestions.
Speaking of an Emersonian subculture within analytic philosophy, a post by Dan Moller (Maryland), at BHL:
The core of libertarianism, on [my] view, isn’t a fear of “second-handers” or infringements on sacrosanct rights; it’s resistance to the idea that I may shift my misfortunes onto others without remainder. And because all this strikes me as quite different from the kind of story you get in Ayn Rand or Robert Nozick, I think of it as having a “New England” flavor, the inspiration being figures like Emerson and Thoreau, who emphasized self-reliance and “governing least,” though of course the vocabulary and taxonomy aren’t important.
https://bleedingheartlibertarians.com/2019/02/governing-least-a-new-england-libertarianism/
“I…have to confess to being of two minds on the idea of introducing kids to philosophy, because–wait for it–I kinda think they’re too young for it.”
As you know, I teach philosophy to 12th graders. I agree with you.
First, however, a qualification. I’ve always agreed with Aristotle in principle about the study of ethics being inappropriate for young people, not only because they lack the first-order experience but because they tend to live by their feelings and aren’t likely to take philosophy seriously as a guide to living. I stress ‘in principle,’ though, because in the past I’d have leaned more heavily on the bit where he says “it doesn’t matter whether he’s young in years or in character; the defect doesn’t depend on time, but on living,” interpreted as allowing for exceptions. Unlike some scholars, I did not suppose that by ‘young’ Aristotle meant ‘younger than 18,’ but something more expansive. When I taught the Ethics to college freshmen, I would point out to them that they were included, and that Aristotle wouldn’t expect them to put anything they learned into practical effect. It still seemed worth teaching, though. I think it was.
12th graders are only a little younger than most of the college students I taught, but the apparent difference in their receptions of the Nicomachean Ethics surpassed my expectations. I was able to present it in ways that usually led, at least eventually, to fairly good discussions. But I at no point had any sense whatsoever that Aristotle was getting any real purchase on their practical intellects. They have enough first-order experience to understand what the book is talking about most of the time, but I was struck not only by how much more their tendency to live according to their feelings prevented them from really engaging with the book in a serious way, but by how their relative lack of experience impacted their understanding of it, especially their sense — well, lack of a sense — that there was anything at stake. I know several of the students, were they to read this, would be offended at my suggestion that they just haven’t lived enough yet to appreciate Aristotle. They’ve gone through some fairly adult experiences, so they have a real point. But my point is not that they lack experience and so can’t understand ethics, but that they haven’t yet accumulated enough mature experience, and perhaps not enough distance from mature experience, to be able to appreciate intuitively and in some detail why, say, an account of voluntary action is of the utmost importance for ethics, or why it is by no means obvious how we should understand voluntary action. They can grasp the concepts just fine, at least when they’re clearly explained, but it is not so easy for them to see the point of much of what Aristotle talks about. Of course when they ask, as some incessantly do, “why is this important?” they can understand the answers I give. But I rarely or never got the sense that anything in Aristotle appeared to them as important or profound, even importantly or profoundly wrong.
At the same time, some students find some philosophy gripping and significant. The pattern that seems to emerge is that they find it gripping and significant when two conditions are met: (i) they actually have accumulated enough relevant experience, and have acquired enough distance on it, to see how the philosophical idea applies to their own lives in a concrete way while retaining its generality, and (ii) the philosophy in question is expressed in emotionally engaging ways. It’s no surprise, for instance, that while none of my students has found Aristotle or Aquinas deep, several of them, including some I would not describe as unusually reflective or thoughtful, have found parts of Plato and Boethius mind-blowing in a way that I’m not sure I’ve ever seen any college student find anything mind-blowing. Examples: Plato’s image, in Republic IX, of the soul as a conjunction of a human, a lion, and a many-headed beast that we can make grow in size and strength by overfeeding and indulging or make tame and gentle by feeding selectively and appropriately was, according to one student, “the most profound thing I’ve ever heard”; to another, Boethius’ quasi-Stoic ideas that external goods are never really ours and that our happiness will never be secure so long as we place it in external goods had a similar impact. I’ll spare you details, but what I know of these students’ lives makes neither case at all surprising. Notably, however, the Plato example is cast in the form of a vivid and symbolically rich image, while the points in the Consolation are set in the dramatic framework of Boethius’ own misfortunes and impending death. These ideas, but not others, spoke to these students, but not to others, not only because the students in question had experiences that made the ideas seem, well, real, but because the texts convey them in ways that make them more emotionally engaging than much of anything we could find in Aristotle or Aquinas.
So it’s no surprise that high school students often find existentialism profound, not only because there are certain features of American teenage experience that make the themes of existentialist philosophy resonate, but because the philosophy is presented to them in a form that engages their emotions. Roderick has written elsewhere about how he thinks Rand’s appeal to many has a similar explanation, and the same might be true for some students of Emerson and Thoreau (but not my students; they read Walden in 11th grade, and virtually all of them either hate it or are indifferent to it).
If I’m right that teenagers respond fully to philosophy only when they can see it as speaking directly to their own experience and that they tend to see it that way most easily when it’s presented in more concrete, emotionally engaging ways, then there seem to be two possible ways to respond. One would be to abandon any expectation, or even much hope, that they will respond fully to philosophy, and to aim instead at giving them a broad intellectual grasp of some of the central questions and ideas in the history of philosophy. Another would be to select the philosophy we ask them to read with these features in mind, and so to read Camus or Sartre or even, dare I say it, Rand rather than Aristotle, Aquinas, or Mill. To some extent, there’s nothing we can do to make up for a lack of experience; reading Dostoevsky with 10th graders last year showed me that. But reading Dostoevsky with 10th graders also showed me that it’s possible to have genuinely philosophical discussions with 10th graders if the catalyst for the discussion is something so vividly engaging as Dostoevsky.
I also suspect, though, that we can get pretty far with kids, even much younger kids, in the more abstract and less immediately practical areas of philosophy by de-emphasizing complex texts and the analysis of argument in favor of problem-focused puzzles and thought experiments. I did a bit of that last year in less formal contexts; I had them try to think through puzzles of endurance through time with the ship of Theseus, I had them try to think through the difference between numerical and qualitative identity with thought experiments about the tables in our room, I had them think about universals and particulars by passing around a bunch of quarters and drawing a bunch of circles; I walked them through a simplified version of a Cartesian skeptical scenario. I’d say those exercises were moderately successful in that each time a genuinely philosophical discussion ensued, though rarely so well as I’d have expected it to in a college classroom — students either lack the usual intuitions altogether or simply do not see, on reflection, distinctions that they very plainly draw in first-order discourse. I also worry a great deal that the problem-focused approach leads very quickly to the conclusion that philosophy is just about puzzles that nobody knows how to solve, and so is not a serious intellectual discipline. Admittedly, persistent philosophical disagreement poses problems for philosophy’s epistemic status that might not arise for mathematics and the sciences, but I’m inclined to think that the only way to show that philosophy is in fact a serious intellectual discipline is to have people read serious philosophy.
My most reflective students have genuinely philosophical questions as live questions. The difficulty is finding a way to get them to take philosophical answers, and philosophical modes of inquiry, seriously. I’m afraid existentialist novels don’t really do that. But they may in fact lead to more fruitful philosophical engagement later on than vastly superior philosophers like Aristotle and Aquinas do.
As for how I first got introduced to philosophy, I’m not sure I can really remember. I was always exceedingly reflective and liked to sit around and talk about ‘deep’ things with friends, and somehow I got it into my head from a fairly early age that I’d like to take some philosophy classes in college. I read a brief excerpt from Plato at some point in high school but it made no real impression. For most of high school I hung out mostly with people four to ten years older than me, some of whom vaguely and sophomorically talked about philosophy among other topics. I was intensely interested in religion, primarily in an anti-Christian, Buddhism-is-cool way, but I didn’t read any philosophy. My girlfriend’s mom was a sociologist who got me vaguely interested in Marxism, but of a more narrowly political sort. So I don’t think any of that was philosophy, though it wasn’t a bad preparation for philosophy. When I finally got serious about school, I decided to take only classes that I was actually interested in for a year. The first term I was serious, I took a Classics course called ‘Human Aspirations Among the Greeks and Romans’ and the survey of modern philosophy from Descartes to Kant. I liked the philosophy a lot, but the Classics course was the one that changed my life. We read a number of Platonic dialogues, but the one that really did it for me was the Gorgias. At the time, it felt like it forced me to get serious about ethics and either reject relativism or face its consequences; in hindsight, I think its biggest impact was compelling me to begin thinking philosophically about those questions and everything else. I had been thinking about philosophical topics since I was a kid, certainly more than most people I knew of my age, but in a very impressionistic, half-baked, emotionally driven way. Plato didn’t make me a Platonist, at least not at first, but especially in conjunction with the modern philosophy class, he made me get serious about reasoning and argument. At the same time, I fell in love with Greek literature more generally, and once I started taking Greek I was hooked. I only gradually began to focus more on philosophy, and even then went through a phase reading a lot of Nietzsche and Plato and hardly any contemporary philosophy; I wrote my undergraduate thesis on Sophocles. But in some way that I can’t really remember I got turned on to reading MacIntyre’s After Virtue, and that book transformed my whole outlook on everything. Some time not long after I read The Fragility of Goodness, initially I think for its chapters on tragedy. MacIntyre and Nussbaum sent me to Aristotle, which sent me further into contemporary neo-Aristotelianism, which was my bridge into contemporary philosophy more broadly.
It’s no accident, I suppose, that even I started off with less abstract and technical stuff before I could get deep enough into philosophy to appreciate Aristotle. But I think it also matters that by the time I was studying philosophy seriously, I was 23 years old and had accumulated a fair amount more experience than most college students (I didn’t start seriously in college until I was 21, hence didn’t graduate until I was 25). Recently I had a conversation with a graduate student who took my Greek and Roman ethics class as a freshman and later tried to read the NE in Greek with me informally, but could never really get into Aristotelian ethics. On going back to the NE for the graduate comprehensive exams, it now seemed like a different book, and it finally made sense why people think it’s a great book with profound significance to real life, far more intuitively relevant than Kant or Mill. That’s the difference experience — and, maybe Aristotle should have said, personal reflection on experience — makes.
I was a weird kid, of course; but during my high school years I was intensely gripped, both intellectually and practically, by philosophical puzzlings about free will, causality, reductionism, etc. before I was even fully aware that this was philosophy. Then of course I read Rand and became passionately interested in philosophy. But during my high school years I read not only Rand but also Emerson, Thoreau, Nietzsche, Camus, and Sartre — mainly the fiction of the last two, but in senior year of high school I also took a course at the local college on 20th-century French philosophy (in French, which made it a tough slog). We read bits of Sartre, Foucault, Barthes, Levi-Strauss, and I forget who else. While I tended to find them wrong-headed, I enjoyed them more than a good young Randian should; in any case, I was intensely interested and engaged. My high-school counselors noted that I really “came out of my shell” during my last two years; much of that had to do with Rand and Sartre together encouraging me to explore wider ranges of options.
No doubt I owe much of this to my mother, who frequently engaged me in intellectual discussion (though her own philosophical reading had been slight; when she later described to me the “philosophy course” she’d taken in college, I discovered that the professor had delivered a crapfest — a course devoted to the description of various views with no account of the arguments for or against them, and no reading of primary texts). When I was a little kid, she taped “cogito ergo sum” to my bathroom mirror and explained what it meant. On the other hand, she did that because it seemed like the kind of thing I would be interested in — though also because in her own childhood she’d been gripped by philosophical questions too. When I was very young, maybe in first grade, she and I debated whether anything that had a beginning had to have an ending; she said yes, I said no (because I believed in an infinite future but couldn’t make sense of an infinite past); I introduced as evidence the number series that starts with 0 and proceeds to infinity, but she countered by teaching me about negative numbers, which I learned about from her before I ever learned about them in grade school.
In high school I also took a course on European history, and while we didn’t read any philosophy, there was a fair bit of material on the influence of philosophy ON history, as well as of what I would now call philosophy OF history — for example, we discussed whether history should be understood in terms of broad, long-range processes or specific, history-changing events. Of course I didn’t remotely have enough information to discuss those issues competently, though I took a side vigorously nonetheless; but in any case I found the questions engaging.
When I first read Plato’s Republic in freshman year of college, I was fascinated and electrified; I kept wanting to insert myself into the conversation and explain to Socrates and Thrasymachus why they were both giving lousy arguments. (I’d be more charitable to those arguments today.) And when I discovered analytic philosophy (which Rand had sternly warned against), the rigourous standards of argumentation reminded me of geometrical proofs, which I had also loved.
In any case, my point is that in my youth I was always interested in philosophy, both as an intellectual matter and as providing guidance as to how I might live and act. I very much wish there’d been a formal philosophy class for me to take!
To clarify: the Emerson and Thoreau that I read was for a high school class, as were some of Sartre’s plays. Rand and Nietzsche I read on my own. I can’t remember how I came across Camus.
There’s an odd thing about commenting here that I’ve been meaning to mention. Once I’ve posted a comment, if I then try to post a second comment I can’t do it unless I first log out and then log in again. I blame Irfan.
“For the educated person seeks utility on each platform to the extent that the nature of the platform allows; for apparently, it is just as mistaken to demand user friendliness of WordPress as it is to expect thoughtful conversation on Twitter.” —Nicomachean Ethics I.3, 1094b23ff, tr. Khawaja.
Another oddity: for reasons I don’t understand, I have to manually approve each of your comments as they appear. To fix this, let me send you an invitation to become an Author. Should you accept, the “log out/log in/manually approve each comment” problem will (I surmise) disappear. You’ll also be able to post rather than merely comment, i.e., engage in first-order productive work rather than function as a parasite on the productive work of others, who merely permit you to do so from the sanction of the victim.
(Responding to DJR): Yeah, I completely agree with just about all of that. I only have two things to add, which I’ll break up into two separate comments.
I mentioned in the original post that I happened to be re-reading Walden for the first time in decades. The last time may well have been 11th grade, at least for reading it cover to cover. While reading it, I imagined assigning it someday in class, and vetoed the idea after maybe the first page. I’ll have to ask around the English Department to see whether they assign it, and how it goes over with their students. Maybe I can induce John Holt, PoT’s resident professor of literature, to join the conversation.
I think there’s a ready answer why students hate Walden, but the ready answer produces a puzzle of its own–a variant on the puzzle implicit in just about every comment here. In order to appreciate Walden, it seems to me you need at least two of the following three things:
1. A purely aesthetic love for well-crafted prose, along with the patience required to appreciate it.
2. A deep sense of disenchantment at or disillusionment with technology, capitalism, and the other well-hyped trappings of Civilization, along with the need to seek confirmation from someone who shares your disenchantment with those things.
3. A love of the outdoors seeking quasi-poetic affirmation in well-crafted prose.
In a sense, though different, (1) and (3) overlap. I guess they all overlap.
In my experience, both high school and college students tend to lack at least two of the three listed things. I may be over-generalizing a bit, so consider that a report on the students I know. That said, “students I know” includes students at about 10 institutions across 24 years, ranging in age from 16 to 60. I teach the usual 18-21 year old college cohort, but also teach high school students from nearby high schools who are allowed to take college courses,. And then I teach working adults in our adult education program. I’m also in a master’s program with MA/PsyD/BSN students in their 20s and 30s. Maybe that’s an unrepresentative sample, and maybe there’s a student or two or three in there who satisfies the three conditions, but on the whole, no.
The more likely scenario:
1*. Students don’t give a shit about well-crafted prose, chiefly because they get no joy from reading in the first place. (A student in one of my Honors classes put this to me in a bluntly candid way: “I hate books, and I hate reading.” This is from the Honors section.) The idea of reading anything irritates them. The idea of reading Thoreau’s elaborate, allusive, densely packed sentences drives them insane with rage and impatience.
2*. Students love technology and the capitalism that delivers it to their doors. Without technology, there is no PornHub. Without PornHub, life loses its savor or meaning. What more needs to be said?
Forget Walden: the idea of just putting the fucking phone down for five minutes is too much for them. I once criticized the idea of texting while driving on the grounds that it was dangerous. A student expressed indignation: “It’s not dangerous! I do it all the time!” I said, “Just wait until you get into an accident.” Response: “I have. What’s the big deal? Insurance paid for it.” A student of this description just regards Thoreau as a freak of the sort that used to exist “back in the day.” You need peace and quiet to read Thoreau. Where, today, would you find it? Imagine reading Thoreau in a gym while riding a stationary bike with ear buds plugged into Michael Buble, and five TVs blaring down at you with Fox, MSNBC, ESPN, whatever. What would the point be?
3*. I guess there are environmentally-conscious students on campus who love the outdoors. Given (1), I somehow doubt even these students would care for Thoreau’s take on the outdoors, but in my experience, outdoorsy students are the exception, not the rule. I teach urban and suburban students who could care less about the outdoors: it’s not where the action is. When we had a philosophy major at Felician, my colleague George Abaunza and I would, usually around mid-autumn, take students camping at High Point State Park, a state park about an hour north of campus at the New Jersey/Pennsylvania/New York border (decidedly his idea, not mine). Yes, some students got something out of it, but on the whole, there was a real “What the fuck are we doing here?” aspect to the trip. George did maybe ten of these, and I did maybe eight, but eventually I just said: enough. I can’t handle this any more. (Some of the header photos on the blog were taken on Felician camping trips–probably obvious which ones.)
Interestingly, we got a somewhat better response when we took students to the poorest parts of Nicaragua to do “service learning,” i.e., charitable work in schools and orphanages. The reason was obvious: students were able to deal with the primitive conditions because there was a clear practical purpose to the trip. (And they were able to return to first-world conditions back at the hotel when the day’s work was done.) It’s one thing to endure third-world conditions if you’re helping the poor in a third-world country, but why would you endure third-world conditions just to be out “in nature” doing nothing?
So here is the real point of my rant. It’s something of a puzzle that despite all this, we dutifully insist on having 11th graders read Thoreau’s Walden. It seems a foregone conclusion that it won’t work. So why do it? Should we just stop? Or induce high school English teachers to stop?
And yet it worked for me, in an odd, idiosyncratic sense of “worked.” It worked well enough to induce me to hold on to my collection of Thoreau’s essays and read him again decades later.
Reading Thoreau at age 49, I find myself a little mystified by what I could conceivably have gotten out of reading Walden at age 16 or 17. I suspect that it was some odd combination of (1) and (3). I don’t recall having any particular view of technology back then, but did “espouse” (if that’s the right word) a dogmatically anti-capitalist stance at the time. So maybe that’s what made me amenable to Thoreau (or to Walden). I still own the same copy of Walden now as I did then, and can see what I underlined or check-marked when I read it in the 1980s, but there doesn’t appear to be any clear pattern to it.
I suspect that, living in North Jersey, I had a quasi-aesthetic reaction to many of the same sorts of things that Thoreau was observing in western Massachusetts, and was yearning for some sort of prose-poetic description of of it all appropriate to (what I took to be) the grandeur of the setting. In later years, the revulsion for capitalism was really a reaction to the more outre parts of Objectivism, along with the time I spent “living” with “primitive” people, e.g., the Bedouins in the West Bank. (I didn’t really “live with them” so much as observe their lives from afar.) It’s not so much that I wanted to exchange their lifestyle for mine as that observation of them clarified the virtues of simplicity-in-living, which is the real point of Walden.
All this to express the same ambivalence about teaching Thoreau as others have expressed about teaching philosophy generally. On the one hand, it seems pointless. On the other hand, perhaps it has a point. I still can’t come to a fully defensible position on this that integrates every relevant fact.
Throwback Sunday–Reason Papers’s 1996 symposium on Thoreau, with Crispin Sartwell, Rupert Read, and Kelley Dean Jolley:
https://reasonpapers.com/pdf/21/rp_21.pdf
As Stephen notes below, Lester Hunt is also at work on a book on Thoreau.
Hmm, I guess I got by on 1 and 3.
(Second response to DJR): There’s another somewhat paradoxical variant on a “youth is not a suitable student” of practical philosophy, which I call premature dogmatic aging. I often get students who are one step beyond the students you’ve described, who incessantly demand an answer to “Why does this matter?” This next step consists in having answered that question to one’s own satisfaction by being quite sure that none of it does matter.
These students will come to university with one and only one thing on their minds: they want job X; job X (they’ve heard) requires a college degree in major X*; so they want to take classes in X*. That’s it. They are paying Big Bucks to take classes in X* in order to get job X. To ask them to do anything beyond this is an outrage–a fraud, a swindle, a conspiracy, a waste of their time and money, an attempt to subvert their legitimate aims in life. They’re utterly convinced that the entire General Education Curriculum is there to “enrich” the faculty teaching it. This comes from students who want to do nothing more than get their degree, conceived of as a meaningless piece of paper, to make money.
What you get in these cases is a fake version of worldly wise wisdom. Students who have zero job experience and know absolutely nothing about anything are zealously sure that they know exactly what they need to know and do to land “the dream job” that has been waiting there in amber since they emerged from the womb. So their stock response to anything they don’t want to read, write, or think about is: “this has nothing to do with my major,” where the tacit assumption is that the classes within their chosen major supply the Key to all Mysteries when it comes to the job market.
You might at first charitably think that there is something to this line of thought. I did, at first. Hard experience taught me otherwise: there is nothing to this line of thought. It’s an expression of pure ignorance and episteme-phobia all the way down. What’s most offensive about it is that it’s an expression of total immaturity masquerading as hard-won wisdom–except that there’s no wisdom there at all, hard-won or fortuitous.
I encounter students bound for the Police Academy who literally (literally) think that all they need to know to be a good cop is how to rack a Glock, how to aim it, and how to hit the target (where every shot is a kill shot). Police work is just…killing people. They don’t need to know how to read, how to write, how to think, how to speak, how to do basic statistics (to read criminology), how to deal with people, or know anything about the diversity of people they’re apt to deal with. No. They’ll learn it all “on the job.” I had a student tell me the other day that he thought that he regarded the entire judicial and legislative system as a pointless expression of systemic “corruption”; in an ideal world, cops would write the laws, enforce the laws, judge the laws, and I guess, be the laws. How cops would write the laws despite not knowing how to read or write, I don’t know. More to the point, neither did he.
I’ve had nursing students complain about having to take statistics, “which has nothing to do with my major.” It may or may not come as a surprise that, in my experience, surprisingly large numbers of nursing students are anti-vaxxers. I mean, after all, “My friend Meghan’s son got a tetanus shot, and is on the autism spectrum…”
Etc. I could keep going. The problem here is that we’re dealing with a problem of maturity related to philosophical pedagogy (actually, to learning as such), but not one that the relevant students are simply apt to grow out of. In my experience, either they don’t grow out of it, or you have to shock them out of it. By “shock them out of it,” I mean: you have to hit them over the head with some version of “You have no fucking idea what you’re talking about–not about knowledge, not about the job market, not about the connection between them, and not about life itself.” This method has obvious risks: you alienate a lot of students, you drive others farther into dogmatism, and you induce others to complain about you to the Dean, the Provost, the President, and/or the cops. But no gentler method has any hope of working at all.
That said, I do find that some older students, and many military veterans (at least one who’ve served abroad, not ones who’ve spent their time in state-side bureaucracies) either get cured of the problem, or perhaps didn’t have it in the first place. These tend to be the best students I have.
The upshot here can be expressed in a joke I recently heard. What’s the difference between a Jewish pessimist and a Jewish optimist?
The Jewish pessimist says, “Things can’t get any worse!”
The Jewish optimist says, “Yes, they can!”
Substitute “pedagogical” for “Jewish,” and I think the optimists have it about right.
This seems an appropriate point to cite a pair of talks on “the idea of the university” that Kelly J. and I gave back in 2002:
http://praxeology.net/idea-of-the-university.htm
As for pessimism — yes, every year brings plenty of reasons for pessimism. But there are always a few students that make it worthwhile.
This might be the place to tell you that your contribution to that event has been a great inspiration to me at various points. Chalk it up, perhaps, to Irfan’s “need to seek confirmation from someone who shares your disenchantment,” but I still periodically read that piece to regain my bearings. Kelly Dean Jolley’s lecture is also good, but, perhaps simply because it lacks the Aristotelian piety, doesn’t quite do it for me as much.
I sympathize with students who are concerned about the role that their education, particularly their college education, will play or fail to play in preparing them for financially rewarding careers. Many ‘good’ colleges are far too expensive, and for students who have to take on loads of debt to get a degree, majoring in Classics or Philosophy can understandably be a hard sell even when they feel drawn to it. I think such students underestimate the amount they can do to ‘build up their resumes’ while majoring in something ‘impractical’ as well as overestimating the impact that a particular major will have, as opposed to particular skill sets that they can document. For many students, though, the problem isn’t with majoring in this or that, it’s with the relatively low likelihood that their college degree will set them up for jobs that pay well enough for them to pay off their loans comfortably. Yet of course, if they don’t have a college degree, their prospects will be pretty limited. So I don’t think the real problem has much to do with this or that major, but many students seem to persist in the thought that humanities majors differ from most others available at a university in preparing students less for jobs — as though a psych major qualifies you to work as a psychologist, or a bio major qualifies you to work as a biologist.
Of course, the deeper problem is not with students who might like to major in something like philosophy but feel compelled not to for economic reasons, it’s with students who don’t see the point in studying things like philosophy because they supposedly aren’t going to help them get jobs. Here I think Irfan’s experience, teaching in a school with many students in professional programs, differs a great deal from mine, teaching in liberal arts colleges. It’s a mistake to suppose that a nurse only needs to study nursing or that a cop only needs to studying copping, but it is a more plausible mistake to make given the narrowly professional focus of the degree. Where I’ve taught, there have been some business and engineering majors who looked at their degrees that way, but there’s typically been a greater appreciation for the utility of a broader range of subjects — utility, though, and still utility pretty narrowly conceived. Maybe the way to put it is that in a university, students tend to be mystified by why they should study these subjects or majors to prepare for a career, because virtually none of the subjects or majors correspond to a particular career, while in a professional program, most of the courses do correspond to a particular career, and then the mystery becomes why they have to do these other things.
I’d say most of my high school students are similar to the liberal arts university students in that respect: they appreciate that most of the subjects they study have some usefulness for careers, and they just struggle with the idea that the particular content of those courses is useful: there’s not much doubt that writing and speaking are useful skills, there’s just doubt that reading Aristotle is useful at all. There’s also a pretty broadly shared culture of respect for the idea that our curriculum is supposed to help them become intellectually well-rounded and to be thoughtful, responsible citizens. I suspect there’s also a good deal of cynicism about that part, perhaps mostly because many of them think that they are already perfectly capable of being thoughtful, responsible citizens and do not need to read Aquinas for that purpose.
Of course one reason why they think so, if they do, is that they’re partially right. If we really restricted the goals of our curriculum to useful skills for work and virtues of thoughtful citizenship, there would be no special reason to read Aristotle or Aquinas, or Thoreau or Dostoevsky, no reason to require music, drama, and art, and probably no reason to make all of the students take calculus either. There’s ultimately no justification for a liberal arts curriculum that stops short of the sorts of things Roderick says in ‘The Temple.’
I have considered having my students read those two lectures at the beginning of next year. I’m now considering having them read them this year to start off the second semester.
Thanks for the invite! (A well as for a previous invite I somehow missed until just now.) That seems to have worked, although it was a bit complicated because WordPress kept telling me I already had an account but wouldn’t initially let me … oh well, the details aren’t important. I prevailed. Though the process seems to have turned my face to stone.
What you fail to realise, however, is that you have simply facilitated easier parasitism on my part. Thanks for the sanction, dude.
Aww, dude! It STILL says “comment awaiting moderation”!
OK, let’s try this:
This is a test. This is only a test. Had this been a real comment, it would have contained a greater amount of philosophical brilliance.
Have you tried logging out and then logging back in?
If nothing else works, try this:
erikkenyon242
So DJR just looped me in here. I’ve got a pre-K ethics curriculum coming out in March (https://www.amazon.com/Ethics-Very-Young-Philosophy-Curriculum/dp/1475848110/ref=mp_s_a_1_7?ie=UTF8&qid=1542852162&sr=8-7&pi=CB1275522461_AC_SX118_SY170_QL70&keywords=erik+kenyon)? It comes out of work with 4yo’s at my college’s lab school. My take on this conversation is that Aristotle’s assumptions that ethical inquiry requires substantial prior habituation and detachment from the emotions of youth are “the hobgoblin of little minds”. If children cannot sit still and calmly discuss texts of little literary merit (I too love EN, but I doubt even Aristotle himself would claim it to be a good read), then give them good literature and let the crawl around while they think through it. Or better yet, structure games and art projects that will scaffold those discussions (http://journal.viterbo.edu/index.php/atpp/article/view/1153). With all due respect, there’s little in EN’s main account of individual virtues that I’ve not been able to find in picture books and get 4yo’s discussing in meaningful ways. One of my co-authors for the ethics curriculum, Sharon Carnahan, contextualizes all of this against current work in developmental psychology. As she puts it, “Young children know a heck of a lot about friendship.” One of my favorites was a time when we used “A mother for Choco” to raise questions about what makes a family and how a family differs from friends. One grip responsed, “If there’s a family then there’s love, but if there’s love, it’s not always a family. It’s love and something else that makes a family.” They’re also pretty sharp when it comes to talk about bravery.
From the standpoint of moral psychology, I suspect the root cause is that Aristotle sees emotions as part of our animal and thus not human nature— something to be subdued by reason. That’s probably just not very accurate. Sure, Plato goes off on a tangent in the middle of Republic about people not engaging in philosophy until middle age. But the great weight of the Platonic corpus suggests a push to integrate reason and appetite. This, in turn, makes sense of why you get so many young interlocutors in Plato’s works. As with Plato, so with Platonsits. To see the framing and literary stuff in Boethius as window dressing is to lose sight of the point, which is to reorder the whole soul toward eternal being (i.e. the end goal of all that ranging curriuclum in Republic). My own “serious work” is on Augustine, who is perhaps the master of integrating mind and will, philosophy and rhetoric. As for philosophy as a 2nd-order subject, I quite agree. But it doesn’t follow that it supposes 1st-order CONTENT. Sure, more philosophy PhDs have studied calculus, but let’s be honest: how many of us remember any of it? The earliest surviving statement of the medieval trivium and quadrivium as prep for philosophy comes in Augustine’s dialogue, De ordine. As soon as he gets it out, though, he says that those in a hurry can skip 5 subjects and just do dialectic and arithmetic. Or one or the other. Or just skip all of it and attend to unity in the world around us. Scholars love ignoring this bit. My take: philosophy is a 2nd-order activity which presuppose 1st-order ACTIVITY. But it’s possible to be very active without ever getting to concrete content (https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1474022212460838). Okay, DJR, I hope there’s something in there like what you were going for!
” Aristotle sees emotions as part of our animal and thus not human nature— something to be subdued by reason.”
I think that’s closer to Plato’s view than to Aristotle’s (although Plato’s view is complicated too). While Aristotle is certainly influenced by Plato, he differs from him in treating emotions as belonging simultaneously to the nonrational and to the rational parts of the soul (specifically to the lower portion of the rational soul and the higher portion of the nonrational soul); see NE I.13. His reason for departing from Plato on this point is actually borrowed from Plato, namely that our emotions are capable of responding to reason in ways that non-rational impulses aren’t; thus he draws an un-Platonic conclusion from Platonic premises.
Further, in his account of the virtues (NE II-V) Aristotle treats the contributions of reason and emotion as equally crucial; just as ethical virtues, while belonging to the higher-nonrational and lower-rational part, don’t count as being ethical virtues unless they are informed by practical wisdom, so practical wisdom, though belonging to the higher-rational part, doesn’t count as practical wisdom unless it is informed by the ethical virtues. The emotions thus play a much more central role, indeed even I would argue a partly cognitive role, for Aristotle than they do for Plato; I see Aristotle as an early proponent of “emotional intelligence.”
One might (somewhat anachronistically) describe Aristotle as striving to find a middle path between the (mostly) stark reason/emotion dualism of Plato, and the Stoic (and proto-Sartrean) view of emotions as purely voluntary and purely cognitive (though also invariably erroneous) mental states; but the result is a view friendlier to emotions than either the Platonic or the Stoic view.
That’s a travesty of Aristotle’s moral psychology, you dirty Augustinian, but the rest is fascinating and helpful. I suspect that a good bit rides on what we think we’re trying to do when we set out to do philosophy. One way of thinking about philosophy focuses on the process and the tools of rational argument and abstract conceptual analysis, and as Roderick notes above, it can be extremely difficult to get college students to do that sort of thing well, let alone 5 year olds. Another way of thinking of philosophy focuses more on content areas: ethics, epistemology, and metaphysics are philosophy, whereas biology and history and music aren’t. From my own limited experience with young kids and from what you say here, I have a relatively easy time seeing how even 4 year olds could be brought to think and discuss philosophical topics productively. In fact, I think it might be easier for young kids than for, say, 10th-12th graders, because the younger ones are often still more open-minded and intuitively questioning, and they’re more accustomed to intellectual discomfort – indeed, they sometimes seem simply not to find certain kinds of questions and puzzles intellectually uncomfortable at all that teenagers and even many adults recoil from immediately.
But what happens to 4 year olds when you present them with, say, dilemmas about free-will and determinism? I have struggled to get some of my students even to understand the dilemmas, let alone to think plausibly about how to respond to them. One pattern I’ve identified is that I have to be prepared to offer up an apparently plausible alternative to almost any idea or argument we encounter, because otherwise the majority of them will find it obvious or trivial; by contrast, my students in college classes would more often resist the ideas and arguments and present alternatives themselves, so that my role was usually to defend the text’s position. I have a few reliable contrarians in my class now, but their contrarianism often takes the form of proclaiming some text or idea stupid or pointless without much in the way of incisive argument to support that assessment.
I usually fixate on how different high school students are from college students, but maybe I should be more impressed by how different they are from 4 year olds.
Well, I’ve been called a lot of things but this was the first for “dirty Augustinian.” At any rate, points taken.
Let’s start with moral psychology. If “subduing emotion” is a bit strong, how about “training” it the way we would a pet? I just reread EN1.13 (thanks for pointing this out, Roderick). All I’m seeing is talk of the appetitive part “obeying reason as one does a father.” So the connection to children seems clear. This also strikes me as applying equally well to a horse. Isn’t the point here that reason can influence the appetitive but not the nutritive part? You can train a horse but you can’t train a tree. That said, you can’t really engage a horse in philosophical conversation. If you could, they would be functionally human. So I guess it comes to how height a view of non-human animals you have. I’m fine to go along with granting a very high view: I’ve known lots of dogs who are trained, respond in nuanced ways to human language and even know when they are disobeying. Still, even if we could get over the linguistic barrier, I don’t think we could engage them in anything like a philosophical discussion (I’d be delighted to be proven wrong on that btw). Aristotle seems to treat children, and maybe even young adults, like THAT.
More broadly, what do we mean by philosophy? I like Bertrand Russel’s line, “Science is what we know. Philosophy is what we don’t know.” I would flesh that out to something that’s pretty process-oriented: a disciplined approach to working through questions that we need to take some stand on about which there is no clearly correct answer, at least for the moment. On this definition, questions in say Physics or Psychology started out philosophical, stopped being so and are perhaps coming back, given that 21st century science is showing us that the world is a lot weirder than we’d thought. Can 4yo’s do that? Sure. Can they wrap their heads around every main question in philosophy? Of course not.
Cards on the table, the goal of our ethics curriculum is as much teaching skills of useful dialogue as it is teaching ethics. We gravitated toward ethics because many of the requisite concepts and experiences are within their grasp to have some kind of meaningful discussion. The task it to come at a 4yo’s world with philosophical questions in mind and then find jumping off points within the world they live in. This is why Tom Wartenberg’s approach to story book philosophy has taken off (Gary Matthews was a friend and mentor to both Tom and me, btw).
Can 4yo’s discuss free will and determinism? Maybe in the Stoic version where following nature means following a THING’S nature, rather than laws governing all matter. Why not? Our curriculum uses a combination of Red Light Green Light and the book “A Fly went by” to scaffold a discussion of self-control. That’s pretty close.
“Isn’t the point here that reason can influence the appetitive but not the nutritive part?”
Plato claimed that the spirited part can be influenced by reason in the sense of actually responding to reasons (i.e. you can be angry because someone has done something unjust, etc.), whereas the appetitive part can only be restrained by reason, which is different. (That’s why I said Plato’s view was complicated.) Aristotle sometimes invokes the Platonic spirit/appetite distinction too. He doesn’t seem to do so in NE I.13; he apparently lumps spirit and appetite together there. But from the fact that he describes the rational soul as having two parts, where the lower part pf the rational soul apparently just is the higher part of the nonrational, I think he has the spirit-relation rather than the appetite-relation in mind.
“Science is what we know. Philosophy is what we don’t know.”
I would strongly disagree with both halves of that claim. (But then I usually do disagree with Russell.)
I still think you’ve got Aristotle wrong, but I think there’s perhaps an important way in which your practices with children are at variance with him anyway.
First, though there’s of course room for interpretive disagreement, what I’d say (and I’m not eccentric here) is that the part of the soul that listens to reason as one listens to a father is not a part of the soul that non-rational animals have — not on Aristotle’s view, and not on any plausible view of most, or perhaps even any, non-human animals we know about today. This part of the soul is, as Roderick says, in one way non-rational, but it’s rational in a way as well because it can be guided by reason. I don’t think Aristotle has enough to say about the kinds of communication of which non-human animals are capable, but what he has in mind here involves more than just causal influence and training; it involves giving intelligible reasons and communicating linguistic/conceptual content — logos — to another who responds to what you say as intelligible linguistic/conceptual content. In terms of the analogy, it’s not a father barking “no!” at his child and the child refraining from whatever it was she was about to do; it’s the father saying, “do not, child, touch these hot coals, for they will burn you” or “go to your brother with this pot of cheese, and if he cleans his room, let him share with you in this pot of cheese, but otherwise withhold it.” So too, in the case of an individual’s emotional responses, I fear the object in the corner because I believe it’s a snake, but when I reason out, on the basis of thought and perception, that it’s a coiled rope, I stop fearing it; I am jealous of my brother when he has a pot of cheese because I think the pot of cheese is a good thing to have, that he and I are roughly equals, and that I should have a pot of cheese too, but I stop being jealous of him if I realize that what he has is not a pot of cheese but a pot of cold medicine, or if I realize that I’m going to get a pot of cheese too, or if I realize that we’re not really equals and he really deserves that pot of cheese; I get angry with my brother for hitting me with the pot of cheese because I think he did it to slight me and that I didn’t deserve to be treated that way, but I stop being angry with him when I realize that he hit me accidentally because he was startled by the rope in the corner that turned out actually to be a snake; and so on. Emotions aren’t rational, because they aren’t states or processes of reasoning; but in rational animals, our emotions can respond to beliefs that we form on the basis of reasoning. In non-rational animals, emotions follow appearances — the dog responds in one way to what appears to be a snake, but once he perceives it as a motionless rope, he responds differently — but they don’t respond to reason — explaining to my dog that it’s just a rope isn’t going to change his mind, not least because he can’t understand what I’m telling him.
So non-human animals can’t listen to reason as one does to a father. Listening to reason is a rational thing. But it differs from reasoning in being something like reason-responsiveness rather than active reasoning. Aristotle by no means conflates the psychologies of children and non-human animals (and not because he underestimates animals, either; he’s well aware of how intelligent, in our sense of that word, some of them are). Much of what we might intuitively think of as reasoning will not, on his view, count as reasoning, even when it’s something that only a rational animal exercising rational capacities could do — so, for instance, following complex instructions or figuring out how to get what you want will not necessarily involve any reasoning. Even so, Aristotle does not suppose that children, at least once they can speak, aren’t reasoning at all. Rather, they’re just not yet capable of reasoning well for themselves, and particularly not yet capable of reasoning to guide their non-rational responses rather than having their non-rational responses lead their reasoning.
I think Aristotle’s view ultimately just captures the reasons why we respond to children the way we reasonably do. When a six-year old gets angry with another kid and hits her because he wants her toys, we don’t reasonably get angry with the child in the way that we might reasonably get angry with an adult who gets angry at another adult and hits her because he wants to play games on her phone. We don’t get angry with the child because we rightly see that the child is not yet capable of fully appreciating the reasons why he should not behave that way and of controlling whatever emotional impulses motivated him to behave that way. But we also don’t simply intervene in the way we intervene in a dog fight; in both cases our first priority might be to stop the fight, and we might punish the dog and the child, but what we ought to do with the child at that point is to tell the child what is wrong with his behavior and why he shouldn’t do it. We don’t need fancy theoretical explanations — “that’s not nice; you need to be nice to be a good boy” is already more logos than a dog will ever be able to grasp, and of course the better explanation to offer is something like “you wouldn’t want someone to treat you that way, so you shouldn’t treat other people that way.” We expect six year olds to be able to understand this, but we don’t expect them to be able to work it out on their own and to guide their emotions and actions through it on their own. We don’t think that a child who hasn’t yet learned to do this is vicious. By contrast, when a 35 year old man hits a woman and takes her phone so he can play games, we can be pretty sure that we’re dealing with a vicious person or with someone suffering from some pretty severe mental illness.
All that said, I still think your philosophy for kids approach does more than Aristotle (or Plato) would have endorsed. I don’t think it’s at all inconsistent with his rough child psychology, because that psychology does not hold that children are not capable of engaging in reasoning at all. Still, you seem to be getting them to engage in more of their own reasoning than Aristotle would have advised — not because he explicitly opposes it, but simply because his remarks on the topic, like Plato’s, emphasize the training of the non-rational parts of our soul through music and gymnastics. The interesting question, though, is to what extent the story materials you use fall under what Plato and Aristotle would regard as music, poetry, or muthos rather than logos or philosophy. After all, they’re both insistent that the content matters. The difference seems to be that your material, and what you ask the students to do with the material, focuses more on questioning and trying to think through things for themselves from an earlier age. I’m not sure it amounts to what Aristotle would think of as doing philosophy, but it’s close enough to count, and close not because its content is philosophical in the sense of being about this or that subject — Plato and Aristotle want the content of young people’s education to be philosophical in that sense — but because it’s directed at engaging them in a certain sort of process of thinking and talking with one another.
Of course it will be a while before we can tell, but I hope it has a lasting impact on them and on how they approach thinking about these sorts of things, both for themselves and with others. Plato’s own qualms about training the young in dialectic are tied up with the inherently adversarial character of dialectic; dialectic is about attacking and defending, and young people get more interested in winning than in truth. I can certainly attest to some truth in that; if I want to get my students going, I just need to raise topics that I know will get one of a few students going, and most of the others will jump in because they like engaging in verbal contests with those students. Asking them to think through the prescient critique of capitalism in Aquinas, and they’re only mildly engaged; get one or two of them to defend Trump, and they love it. If your approach minimizes adversarial debate, Plato’s concerns might not arise.
“When a six-year old gets angry with another kid and hits her because he wants her toys, we don’t reasonably get angry with the child in the way that we might reasonably get angry with an adult”
So, on Aristotle’s view children can reason once they start talking. They’re just not very good at it, so best to do it for them? Also, if the part of the non-rational souls that responds to reason is spirited while the appetitive part doesn’t, then how can we have rational training for all those virtues that don’t involve anything spirited? For something like courage, he throws in that actions need to be done “for the fine”. That sounds spirited. But what about moderation in eating? To have the full virtue you have to know that it is right and enjoy it, but that just sounds rational and appetitive. Even if we can reason with (Children via the) rational and spirited bits of the soul, isn’t there still some brute habituation of appetites in there? And to THAT extent, isn’t he advocating treating children as we would non-human animals?
But, as you say DJR, this is perhaps not the interesting question. We went down this route with the question of what counts as philosophy and me making off hand cracks at Aristotelian moral psychology. The real question, though, is whether a bunch of typical pre-K activities —games, story books, painting— can count as philosophy. If drinking games (Symposium) and lessons in how to flirt with boys (Lysis) can count as philosophy, then my sense is that Plato is pretty open to a broad range of media.
If we look to today’s philosophy class, what exactly is it that we would point to as doing philosophy? Reading philosophical texts? Talking about the ideas in those texts? writing papers about them? When working with the kiddos, we tend to start with a game (let’s say red light green light for a lesson on self-control), then stage a dialogical reading of a storybook (A fly went by) to give them things to disagree about, and then turn them loose on an art project (draw a time you used self-control). The good conversations tend to come while they work on the art. While the art might look like a blob, you can get the kids to narrate at length and even engage each other in talking about their drawing. How is this different in principle from a professor using a thought experiment or writing a diagram on a white board to help a group of undergraduates through a discussion? Sure, there’s a lot more hand-holding, (“okay, Adam, say I disagree with you Barb, because…”), but kids pick up on this fairly quickly. The other day we were in a lesson and a girl looked at her friend and asked, “But why do you agree with me?”
As for philosophy being a certain body of knowledge / theory, I think my own heart is with the skeptics. That said, the first half of our ethics curriculum runs through virtue theory with chapters on Character, Bravery, Self-Control and Friendship. It’s all structured around puzzles drawn mostly from Aristotle and Plato, put to use in ways that neither of them endorse. So if content makes philosophy, then box checked?
As for kids not getting a bit of philosophy and turning into competitive little monsters… We’re careful to structure games so that they don’t have winners or losers. The biggest bang for the buck is the “river game” where we put a paper river on the floor and have kids take sides depending on what they think about a question and then talk through why with people on the other side. They’re usually just happy that someone wants to know what they think. Mind you these are also very young children, so competitive games are generally not appropriate.
Well, yes, in part we treat children — and adults — in the ways we treat non-rational animals, because we all have a bunch of things in common with non-rational animals. But we don’t treat them only in that way. And yeah, I think even what you’re describing doing in your work with children involves an awful lot of doing the thinking for them — you’re the one structuring the activity, and my bet would be that if you or some other teacher weren’t there to maintain the structure and to guide the discussion at least by occasional redirection, it wouldn’t survive for very long as a productive discussion. Aristotle’s idea isn’t that dealing with children is just a matter of doing their thinking for them, but of doing enough of their thinking — and enough of rationally directing and constraining their behavior — to enable them to develop the ability to do it on their own. Just doing their thinking for them is what Aristotle thinks we do with slaves, and he could hardly be clearer about the difference between master-slave and parent-child relations (see Aristotle on Political Community, chapters 3 and 4 ;)). In any case, Aristotle as I understand him would not be opposed in principle to your approach as I understand it, I just don’t think he would have come up with anything much like it.
In a way I think it isn’t really very important whether what you’re doing with the kids is ‘really’ philosophical — in some senses it is, in some senses it isn’t, there’s a substantial enough relation to the central case of full-blown mature philosophizing to warrant thinking of it as philosophical in a way, and given what little I know about other approaches in elementary education, it’s fairly distinctive from other approaches in the same respects that make it philosophical. The more interesting and important question, I’d think, is whether it works — whether it’s a generally successful way of helping kids develop the ability to think reflectively and, just as importantly, to reason co-operatively with others through initial disagreement. If it can do that, then I don’t know that we should care too much about exactly how it does or doesn’t resemble well-done adult philosophy — if it can do that, it’s awesome.
Does philosophy with 4yo’s create long-lasting changes in how they think? That’s stage 2. Anecdotally, the shift within the school culture has been amazing. And one point on which what we’re doing differs from standard critical thinking curricula out there (e.g. I Can Problem Solve) is that the teachers themselves don’t know the answers to the big questions we’re asking. It ends up leveling the playing field as it encourages them to view children as a kind of peer. As for data, now that we’ve got the curriculum together, we need to find other schools to run it and assess it so that someone can crunch the data. But that’s a huge undertaking, which means grant proposals…
So, yeah, give us a couple years, and I’ll let you know.
Just thought I’d throw this out there; don’t know how close-knit the P4C world is, so not sure whether you (Erik) know Joe at all, but here are some references to my friend Joe Oyler, who used to teach at the IAPC at Montclair State University, now teaches at Maynooth University in Ireland.
https://www.maynoothuniversity.ie/people/joe-oyler#3
I haven’t run across Joe, Irfan. The P4C world does seem pretty close-knit but within continents. The only contact I’ve had with the Euro crowd is via the Facebook group P4C Exchange. That said, we’re hosting the next meeting of PLATO this summer at Rollins College. So anyone looking to dive deeper into this stuff and see a live demo of pre-K philosophy, we’d love to have you.
https://www.plato-philosophy.org/plato-conferences/
I just filled out the survey.
Another colleague of mine in the business–another Irishman named Joe, as it happens:
https://youngphilosophers.nyc/
mlyoung57
My case: it pretty much did all begin with Ayn Rand for me, at around age 15 or 16. Prior to that, I was taught, by example from my father, to always be fair and rational – for me, that is what it meant to be a good person. I had grafted onto that the idea that caring for the needy was pretty important (part genuine, part performance altruism). I had read some Emerson and Thoreau in English class and liked it. All of that, I suppose, counts as exposure to and thinking about philosophical ideas. But philosophy only wrestled my imagination and enthusiasm away from Spider-Man and The Incredible Hulk with Rand. I wish I’d been introduced to philosophical puzzles (and maybe some other sorts of philosophical ideas, but in the context of curiosity, not ideology) prior to reading Rand.
Thank you all for sharing your fascinating stories. I think the philosophy building at Harvard is still called Emerson. Lester Hunt has a book in press extracting a philosophy from Thoreau.
My really big start in philosophy was first year of college, where my Thomist professor laid out the big map of all things and the main issues and their arguments and right settlements. It was gripping by that age. I began reading Rand the following summer.
My senior year in high school, I was exposed to some philosophy by readings as part of a course in world civilizations. We were asked to write what the readings were about and to state a couple of things we agreed with and a couple we disagreed with on each selection. I there read some dialogue of Plato that included the death of Socrates. I was attracted as if reaching home to some idea therein along the lines of a philosopher being always with death. I objected to the idea that all one knows is that one knows nothing. For that course I also selected readings in Locke and Rousseau, which were mainly political philosophy, not Locke’s HUMAN UNDERSTANDING.
I read some Emerson and Thoreau in high school American literature. I found them very agreeable. In recent years, when I dip into Emerson, I find good epigraphs, but an awful lot of flowery talk of small tickets.
I think my earliest brushes with philosophy were from church and related discussion with parents. One would finish catechism school by eighth grade in our denomination, and there one would have learned what were the differences between a Catholic, a Lutheran, and a Baptist over the bread and wine.
I don’t recall reflection on ethical matters until late high school, at which time I became a socialist because I thought private property allowed people to be selfish, and that was wrong. Rand gave me a good shaking on that, even with just FOUNTAINHEAD. In ATLAS, which I read next, she thought me out of my altruism-as-essence-of-morality. I do remember at maybe grade six writing a letter to one of my Senators urging that people who do not pay taxes should not be allowed to vote. His office wrote back a well-thought-out reply, running through problems with that proposal, and that was really a neat thing to do for a child and for a child to see and think on.
That’s interestingly similar to my upbringing. In a sense, my first real encounter with philosophical issues (though not with “philosophy”) was through religion, not in school. Like you, I started out thinking that capitalism was evil because it was materialistically selfish, and Rand served a corrective role there. The only reason I didn’t become a socialist is that I had a reflexive dislike for all things socialist or communist after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (a belief that involved a few salutary non-sequiturs). And in fifth grade, I wrote Jimmy Carter asking him to replace the Star-Spangled Banner with a better song as national anthem (on the grounds that the Star-Spangled Banner was too militaristic). I got a letter back from “him” explaining the basics of the legislative process, which taught me more about it than I ever learned in school.
I love the expression “flowery talk of small tickets.”
To chime in with Irfan, I’m pretty sure my religious upbringing, such as it was, also had a strong impact on my coming to think about philosophical topics. I’d describe my youthful instruction in Catholicism as Catholicism Lite — after we learned about the sacraments, ‘religion’ classes were basically (I now see) classes in Catholic Social Teaching with little or no distinctively theological component. In a way, I’m grateful for that education, because I think it helpfully encouraged me to be sensitive to the needs and experiences of vulnerable and oppressed people, but didn’t try to sell us on some sort of simple narrative about the evils of capitalism that we could solve if only we’d adopt statist socialist policies (I drank that koolaid later). So there was relatively little traditional Catholic theological instruction, and hence not much of anything touching on metaphysics. Still, I think the general Catholic atmosphere encouraged a kind of contemplativeness in me. It can’t have been responsible for it, because so far as I can see most of my classmates didn’t turn out like me, but it helped nourish seeds that got into me somehow or other.
You and Irfan, by contrast, seem to have been led to philosophy in part through the doctrinal content of your religious upbringing. I suppose in a way I was, too, but only when I ended up going to high school with a bunch of fundamentalist Pentecostals. That was never my or my family’s religion, so it’s a bit of a different situation from yours and Irfan’s, but dealing with that stuff — hard-core biblical literalism, young-earth creationism and anti-evolutionism, fierce anti-rationalism, charismatic enthusiastic worship practices, wild superstition that would make a Catholic exorcist blush, strict authoritarianism that would make the Pope blush, explicit endorsement of theocratic government and rejection of liberalism and democracy, strict patriarchy in social and family arrangements, outright hostility towards gays and lesbians (the BTQ weren’t much on the radar back then), and obsession with the rapture — all that gave me plenty to rebel against and argue about.
I sometimes wonder why I didn’t fall under the Rand spell like you guys, and the simple answer may be that I didn’t read enough of her and that I have at all points retained too much of my Catholic Social Teaching upbringing. There was certainly a time in high school, though, where my thoughts and feelings might have led me to find her very congenial. At some point in high school I tried to read The Fountainhead on someone’s suggestion, but gave it up; when I was maybe 18 I read Anthem on a whim and found it outrageously oversimplified as a critique of socialism. I then didn’t bother thinking about Rand again until I made some friends in graduate school who were Objectivists. They convinced me that it wasn’t all bad, and by then I was a raging Aristotelian, so I could at least recognize the family relationship — maybe Rand is like an eccentric, slightly batty aunt, but she’s in the family, kinda. I admit that I still find it challenging to read her (not because the views are revolting, but because the arguments are so often frustratingly unelaborated), and Roderick’s Reason and Value struck me years ago as making a pretty good case for spending more time with Aristotle. So that’s what I do.
My religious upbringing was in Christian Science — which might seem as opposite to Rand as one can imagine (taking the Primacy of Consciousness as far as one could take it) — though there are certainly organisational parallels (a movement founded by a brilliant and charismatic but dictatorial woman, whose reverential followers still refer to her as “Mrs. Eddy” / “Miss Rand” rather than just using her last name, and who tend to take her doctrinal statements as final and discourage attempts to extend the system, and who all too often cultivate a kind of rigidity of thought; there was even a time in both movements when followers were told to call themselves “Students of Christian Science” / “Students of Objectivism” rather than “Christian Scientists” / “Objectivists,” though in both cases that has faded). Thankfully, my mother never felt constrained to bring her interpretations in line with church orthodoxy (she used to use Jefferson’s line about being a “sect of one”), and never demanded that I submit my mind either to the Church’s doctrinal edicts or to her own. In any case, the combination of a) being raised on a doctrine of metaphysical idealism, while b) not having it imposed dogmatically, probably made philosophy more available to me. (And certainly made Emerson more available to me, since Christian Science and Transcendentalism emerged out of a similar intellectual milieu.) I suppose the Christian Science background also prepared me for a “willingness to believe stuff everybody else thinks is crazy,” and thus lowered my resistance to everything from Objectivism to anarcho-capitalism to free-market anti-capitalism, seriatim.
Politically, my family’s background was broadly “Old Right” or “Goldwater conservative,” so the transition to libertarianism wasn’t too difficult either. Though I was deeply apathetic about political issues before reading Rand.
Hallelujah! The spell is lifted! (I didn’t approve that one).
“I think the philosophy building at Harvard is still called Emerson.”
And the lobby features a large statue of him:
Back in the 60s, renovators of Emerson Hall wanted to ditch the statue for being insufficiently “functional and attractive”:
https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1965/5/14/emerson-hall-losing-statue-pralph-waldo/
Happily, functionality and attractiveness have never been priorities at Harvard, and so Emerson was spared.
You might think the quotation over the entrance would be a quote from Emerson. Instead it’s a quote from the Bible: “What is man that thou art mindful of him?” (Except without a question mark.)
The story goes that President Eliot imposed the quotation against the department’s will, to take the philosophers down a peg.
Just manually approved that comment. So the spell removal thing didn’t work?
Of course, I’d manually have to approve any comment you made to respond to that.
Just occurs to me that maybe I can give you Editor status, so that you can approve your own comments, which would also solve the parasitism problem in one fell swoop.
Maybe the links/images caused the problem?
You’re asking me? Well, there goes “one must never enact a cause without assuming full responsibility for its effects,” and “one must never act like a zombie, i.e., without knowing one’s own purposes and motives.”
(I don’t think the links/images caused the problem.)
But I wouldn’t say no to editor status.
Oh, so much for “one must never seek or grant the unearned and undeserved, neither in matter nor in spirit.”
Oh, don’t worry, I wan’t planning to grant the unearned. I’d expect to bill you heavily for my services as editor.
Suleman Khawaja
As a non-philosopher who did substantial undergraduate coursework (including a couple graduate-level classes) in philosophy, I’d have to say that despite attending that same high school and having navigated almost the same curriculum there, my pathway into a philosophy classroom was different enough to suggest that the development of interest in philosophy may be highly individualized.
First off, what’s the ultimate purpose of APA/PLATO generating a database? Is it to more effectively cultivate scholastic interest in philosophy at the K-12 level itself? At the undergraduate level? Graduate level? To cultivate interest in academic philosophy as a profession [rim shot]? Or just to make the general public more literate in it regardless of whether it involves formal, institutional higher education enrollment? I would expect you need to know that in order to be able to determine what qualifies as an “introduction,” and what qualifies as achieving the end to which the “introduction” introduced you. (If the ultimate purpose is to foster interest and engagement at the undergraduate level, and some rudimentary level of continuing interest and engagement, then my experience may be worth noting. If the ultimate purpose is anyplace more elevated than that, then my experience is essentially useless, because I never got “there.”)
While I was exposed to almost all of the same high school texts you mentioned, my experience of virtually all of them with the exception – ironically – of Emerson, was decidedly less deeply engaged and appreciative. And I can’t credit any of them with making me care about philosophy. My introduction to “something resembling philosophy” came from the Federalist Papers, a text of selected writings of Jefferson, and a few short excerpts from Locke’s Second Treatise and Rousseau’s Social Contract that were included in my 11th grade AP Government class. I ultimately decided to pursue a Political Science major as an undergraduate in parallel with my pre-med curriculum, only to find that “real” Political Science had nothing to do with all of that. “Real” political science was all about applying game theory to voter behavior and nuclear confrontation scenarios – which was about as close as possible to the exact opposite of what had captivated me about political science, or at least my idea of it, in the first place. But by the time this became apparent, I’d dug myself three semesters into this hole, and the constraints of my heavy pre-med course load, plus the college’s multidisciplinary “core” requirements, made it impossible for me to change majors now. To my relief, I found that many of the elective courses in the Philosophy department I wanted to take as electives not only were more like “my idea” of Political Science, but also were cross-listed as conferring credits in PoliSci. So I spent the rest of my major taking those cross-listed courses, and was able to earn a Minor in Philosophy in the process (whatever the hell that means). I got as far as doing a couple of semesters in graduate-level seminar courses on Locke, Rousseau, and Nietszche. Beyond broad brush strokes, a general appreciation for the field, and some random details, my memory of it now admittedly is pretty faint.
I hope the APA/PLATO study finds what it’s looking for, but I would not be surprised if the data set ends up being vexingly heterogeneous. Not that that would be a bad thing.
So, quick introduction to PoT regulars: Suleman is my brother, got his BA from Duke in political science (minor: philosophy), went on to med school at Chicago, and is now a physician at Valley Hospital in Ridgewood, NJ.
https://www.valleymedicalgroup.com/find-a-physician/physician-details/suleman–khawaja/
Here’s part of the letter that accompanied the survey:
Dear Irfan,
What was your first exposure to philosophy? What hooked you? Please take this short (10-minute) survey put together by the Philosophy Learning and Teaching Organization (PLATO) and the APA Committee on Pre-College Instruction in Philosophy.
The survey asks about your first exposure to philosophy (what form it took, what content was particularly compelling, etc.), what position you now hold, and whether or not you are involved in philosophy outreach efforts.
Our aim is to better understand the pipeline to careers that emphasize philosophy, whether in traditional academic environments or beyond, and the extent and range of philosophical outreach and programming for young people. A report on the results will be available to PLATO and APA members.
And here’s a link to what PLATO does:
https://blog.apaonline.org/2018/01/29/the-plato-philosophy-fund/
I think a lot of us became Politics majors for much the same reason. We weren’t so much looking to do philosophy as looking for a major that would serve to integrate what we were learning in the humanities and social sciences (an almost literal echo of Nicomachean Ethics I.1-2 on politics as the architectonic science). Philosophy (at Princeton) seemed too technical and too puzzle-oriented to play that integrating function. Comp lit was close, but was, for me, insufficiently connected to politics (though I did take the year-long “great books”-type sequence in comp lit that went from Homer to Dostoevsky). Same with history–too specialized, fragmented, uninterested in integration. So Politics became the go-to–or more precisely, the parts of politics that did the trick, i.e., political theory and comparative politics.
Ironically, for me, Near East Studies was a similar sort of go-to, not simply because I had an interest in the subject matter, but because area studies was highly integrative. A Near East Studies major studied language, history, politics, culture, anthropology, and religion to get a comprehensive view of “the Near East,” regarded as a single object of study. I think I went into political theory in order to get a similarly synoptic, interdisciplinary view of “the West.” I sort of succeeded, more by accident than by design. I was put off by analytic philosophy as an undergraduate, having had a bad initial experience with an inept introductory teacher (Bas Van Fraasen and one of his disastrously bad TAs, neither of whom could teach for shit). So political theory it was.
I’m curious if you regard your politics major or philosophy minor as a net gain at this point, considering how distant it all is from what you currently do, and how little of it you say you remember. Are “broad brush strokes” and a “general appreciation” of Locke, Rousseau, and Nietzsche of any use to you now? Or do they seem like energy pointlessly squandered on irrelevancies?
You studied Locke with Ruth Grant, right? Nietzsche with Michael Gillespie? Who taught Rousseau?
So, first of all, I regard my undergraduate work in political theory and philosophy as a definite net gain. There are a handful of courses that I took during that time that were foundational for me in terms of both developing the skill of critical thinking and appreciating its importance. It’s uncommon to get that degree of intellectual engagement anywhere in the course of study that’s required to practice medicine, where typically breadth is valued over depth. When I say my memory of it is faint, I say that in comparison to folks like you and most of the other commenters on this blog – people who maintain a working fluency with the texts I dabbled in as a matter of professional core competency. I would guess that in comparison to what most people remember of what they learned in college 25 years after the fact, I still draw on what I learned of Locke, Rousseau, Nietzsche, etc. quite a bit in processing what’s happening in the world around me.
I was fortunate to have had a handful of professors who taught the subject matter with exceptional clarity and economy, otherwise I doubt I’ve had kept the experiment of doing philosophy/political theory in parallel with pre-med going. In particular, I did an introductory level philosophy survey that was taught by Michael Ferejohn that was a complete game-changer for me intellectually. Also, there was a philosophy of law class I took that was taught by Martin Golding.
At Duke, you’re allowed to take graduate level courses in your major with the approval of the professor your senior year. I had just taken this course Ruth Grant taught on the political significance of Aeschylus, Euripides, and Sophocles that was very engaging and lively. I remember it would meet Wednesday and Friday from like 3p-5p and Prof. Grant would be like shooing us out of the room on Friday afternoons like “what is wrong with you? It’s Friday night, you’re 20, get the hell out of here!” Anyway, yes, I decided to take her graduate level course on Locke. As a result, I think I know more about Locke than the average person, but I think what I took away from that course more than anything was the experience of being totally immersed in a set of texts. In my case, I had to write a term paper on the Second Treatise. I don’t remember what exactly I wrote about, other than that it centered around Locke’s theory of property rights, and the critiques of it by two scholars (MacPherson and Tully).
One of my other vivid memories of the course was that all of the other students were grad students who clearly had nothing to do after the class ended. So there was never a clear “class dismissed” moment at the end of every session. On the other hand, I had only ten minutes to get out of class, run down to the bus stop at the peak hour of the day, and shove my way onto the bus from West to East Campus to make the 3-mile trip to my next class. It was physically impossible to make it there on time, and it was just my luck that I had the only professor on campus who would literally lock the classroom door from the inside for the express purpose of shaming stragglers. Three guesses as to who that professor was. (Hint: The class was “History of Moral Philosophy.”)
The following semester, I took another graduate course, this time a seminar on Rousseau and Nietzsche that was team-taught by Grant and Gillespie. Again, much of my memory of the material is fuzzy today, but by comparison far more clear than 90% of the biochemistry and anatomy I had to learn in the years that followed.
“Three guesses as to who that professor was.”
Were you there during the period 1995-97?
He was.
Did the professor’s name resemble that of the author of “Omissions and Other Acts” — but also that of the author of “The Guns of Navarone”?
Well, my brother has now conveniently disappeared–probably off playing “doctor.” But my guess is that he was referring to his nemesis Edward Mahoney rather than Alasdair MacIntyre. I think it’s safe to say that neither MacIntyre nor Mahoney read the comments at Policy of Truth, albeit for different reasons.
Oh, I remember Ed Mahoney too. But less fondly than Kelly. (To explain, for those here less familiar with my academic career than Irfan is: I taught at UNC Chapel Hill from 1990 to 1998, and so had a fair bit of interaction with folks at Duke.) As I’m too much of a historian to subscribe (or “ascribe,” as everyone seems to say nowadays) to the adage “De mortuis nil nisi bonum,” I’ll note that Mahoney is quite understandable as a nemesis; to my recollection, he seemed incapable of saying anything that didn’t contain some sort of nasty barb in it.
I wish there was a good way of convincing the average undergraduate that “typically breadth is valued over depth” in “the real world.”
Did you do Aristotle with Ferejohn? Or was it philosophy of science?
I still have your copy of Strauss’s Natural Rights and History, among other things, with all your underlinings and marginal comments. Have always thought it might come in handy if ever I need to blackmail you.
I used to lock the door to my classes at Dartmouth for that reason. Then again, I had overwhelming evidence that my stragglers were merely straggling, if only because once it happened once or twice, it didn’t happen again.
You can’t do that at a commuter school, or at one with two campuses. Felician is both: a commuter school with two campuses. Straggling is impossible to avoid.
Despite that, as a pre-emptive defense against school shooters, our classrooms are pre-locked. The door is left ajar so that the first instructor of the day can get in, but once you get in, you face this dilemma: if you close the door, you lock it, and lock out any latecomers (having to interrupt yourself to open the door for each new latecomer who gets to the door, i.e., 10-12 times per class), whereas if you leave it open, you’re disturbed by all of the noise in the hall (and there’s plenty of noise in it). (And woe to the instructor who absent-mindedly closes the door behind him as he leaves an empty classroom.)
It was my criticism of this policy that got me arrested last year. I pointed out, hypothetically and in the first person, that the policy could be defeated by any shooter who got to class on time. “Indeed,” I said, “I could be the shooter, in which case…”
Roman Altshuler
Religion may be a wonderful gateway drug, but there are as many gateway drugs into philosophy as there are human activities and objects of interest. Hegel thought it was the study of languages–to teach you the difference between the particular and the universal. For me, it was high school debate. But in college it was watching New Wave cinema that got me particularly fascinated in the concept of the sublime; I can’t imagine that reading the Third Critique would’ve hooked me as it did without that background experience. But I agree with you that those particular texts are excellent introductions for high school students.
Your remark from Hegel leads me to reflect that I got seriously into thinking philosophically — as opposed to thinking about philosophical topics — at the same time that I was learning Greek and Latin, and that the two processes were intimately connected. I’m not sure it was so simple as grasping the difference between the particular and the universal, since I don’t think any shortcomings of that sort were a major part of why I hadn’t been thinking philosophically before. But I’d say that developing facility at second-order thinking and highly abstract analysis made most of the difference, and maybe that’s just what Hegel is trying to get at.
That said, I have never made any progress in understanding Hegel.
Hegel’s just this guy, you know?
I abandoned my would-be career in ancient philosophy when it occurred to me that I would never really learn Greek.
That’s not a very good reason. Lots of professional philosophers specializing in ancient haven’t really learned ancient Greek even in the paltry way possible for those of us who didn’t start when we were kiddos. So you wouldn’t have been too disadvantaged! (and, disgracefully, virtually none of the philosophy PhD programs in North America that boast special programs in ancient philosophy even require their students to study Latin).
On the other hand, you have probably been more employable this way.
I guess that’s true, but I found it hard to believe at the time. MacIntyre’s view was that if you couldn’t compose sentences in Greek, you don’t really know Greek. I saw his point, but I couldn’t compose sentences in Greek. I was bad enough at reading it. I assumed that everyone in the field had the same standards as him, and that if I didn’t meet his standards, I was just a worthless wight as far as ancient philosophy was concerned, and should just do something else. In any case, just as I was having my doubts about ancient, MacIntyre decided to leave Notre Dame for Duke. My other adviser was Mike Loux, but Loux was a metaphysics guy with little direct interest in ethics (which was my interest). That was when I decided to bag ancient philosophy.
The irony was that my brother was an undergrad at Duke, and ended up studying under MacIntyre. So there was no escaping the Khawajas as far as MacIntyre was concerned. Strangely, MacIntyre did return to Notre Dame–just as I left. So while there was no escaping the Khawajas, he somehow seemed to have designed his career to escape Irfan Khawaja. I’ve often wondered about this.
I guess the other problem with ancient philosophy was that the commentary tradition is so vast that one wonders whether there’s any point in adding to it. In the mid-1990s, a Rand-influenced scholar named Kelly Rogers published a handful of papers on Aristotle’s ethics that made arguments that were so similar to the arguments I’d wanted to make that it seemed pointless to try to publish on those topics (to kalon, “a friend is another self,” etc.). Whatever I wrote (it seemed) would just be a minor variation on what she’d already said. That was another consideration for bagging ancient philosophy. She eventually got a job at the University of Florida at Gainesville, at which point I figured she’d cornered the market on Rand-influenced interpretations of Aristotle’s ethics.
A few years later, she dropped out of academia altogether. Another brilliant career calculation by Khawaja. There are others.
To close the loop:
https://kaleandkant.com/about/about-kelly/
So I thought she’d cornered the market on Rand-influenced Aristotle scholarship. But what actually happened? She became a Kantian health coach.
Does this show that centralized economic planning is impossible, or does it just show that I’m a complete fucking idiot?
I remember Kelly! She and I were on an APA panel together a very long time ago.– 1994, I believe. And she told me at the time that she was tempted to leave academia.
I think it was an IHS panel, not an APA one (unless we’re referring to two different panels). Anyway, I attended an IHS panel in northern Virginia in the mid 1990s that featured you, Kelly Rogers, and a third panelist. I don’t quite remember who the third panelist was, but I think it might have been Jeffrey Friedman.
The topic was something like: “What are the prospects for classical liberalism in academia?” I don’t remember what you said (sorry), but she said she was sick of academia and leaving it, because academia sucked. Everybody in the room was shocked and dismayed at her presentation, but I remember just trying to figure out how to switch places with her at Gainesville without anyone’s noticing.
Yeah, another missed opportunity.
Probably there were two panels, then. According to my c.v., which I rely on as an outsourcing of my memory, one of my professional activities was:
“Comment on Kelly Rogers, ‘Aristotle on Beneficence.’ American Philosophical Association, Pacific Division Meeting, Los Angeles CA, 1 April 1994.”
(Though I have a nagging doubt about this, because I also seem to remember that a) in our email discussion about her paper prior to the event, I joked with her about the fact that her email was “krogers,” since I lived near a Krogers; and b) the first time I lived near a Krogers was when I was visiting at the University of Michigan, which was in FALL 1994. So my evidence set is inconsistent.)
In any case, the IHS panel didn’t make it onto my c.v., so I have no idea of its date.
I also recall that after some APA panel there was a dinner with a bunch of IHS types and/or Fred Miller protégés, including Kelly and Neera, and maybe Robert Mayhew. (Were you there?) A large flying insect landed on Kelly’s plate, an event to which she reacted with arguably undue alarm, and Neera, who evidently found my feminist tendencies excessive, turned to me and said: “See, Roderick? That’s the difference between men and women.”
Cartesian certainty: I have never been at any meal that included Robert Mayhew or even maybe Robert Mayhew.
Well, MacIntyre is right about Greek. I can compose sentences in Greek, but compared to the folks MacIntyre would have come up with in his youth, I’m pretty bad at it. I had occasion to recall this morning, however, that one measure of how much weaker my Latin is that I find it even more difficult to compose in Latin. Of course I can illustrate all the major points of syntax in Latin, because that’s what one has to be able to do to teach it effectively. But as I sat down to read over a Latin composition for a student of mine who is applying to a summer program — a summer program that requires Latin composition as part of the application! — I perfectly illustrated the difference between passive and active knowledge of a language: I could spot all the mistakes, but boy was it hard to figure out how to say what the student was trying to say (translated from English). I got there, eventually, but I could have done it in Greek in half the time. But I can guarantee you that many professional philosophers publishing nifty articles on Plato, Aristotle, &c. could not compose even fairly straightforward Greek sentences. Perhaps this lack does no harm to the field, but the standards are certainly not what they were 75 years ago.
I know and have cited Kelly Rogers’ work. Her paper on the kalon in particular remains standard in the field, and by my lights anyway the paper on the kalon is still one of the better things out there — better than subsequent papers by Irwin, Kraut, Crisp, and other big wigs. I think her other papers have fared less well in the scholarly bibliography, but while it seems overblown to call many journal articles on Aristotle ‘classics,’ that kalon paper is pretty close to that status in my eyes. If only it had been anthologized in one of Amelie Rorty’s collections, I don’t think there’d be any serious dispute about that.
As for whether there’s any point in adding to the literature, I know that worry all too well. I convinced myself that there certainly was such a point with the Politics, for which the scholarship just does not come anywhere close to the level of the stuff on the NE. I’d have to say, though, that the trajectory of mid-20th – early 21st century scholarship even on the NE shows a good deal of progress. Much of that progress might just be a matter of scholars extricating themselves from the knotty confusions of early 20th century philosophy, though. Ultimately I’m not so sure that work on ancient philosophy is any different in this respect than work on, say, political authority — people have been arguing about it for a long time, there’s already more published on it than most sane people would be able and willing to read, and at this point most of what gets said is just some sort of variation or refinement of something that somebody else has already said. I suppose it might be largely a matter of personal taste for certain topics and certain sorts of academic disagreement whether one finds refinement in views about political authority more worth attending to than refinements of scholarly interpretation of old Greek texts.
Somewhere along the line I heard a story that MacIntyre’s brief stint away from Notre Dame had something to do with controversies and polemics within Notre Dame, particularly between members of the philosophy and theology departments. But I’m strongly inclined to favor the theory that he left to get away from you, and once you were on the way out, it was once again safe.
I should probably stop telling these stories in a public forum.
Yes, I think two gendered insect stories may be the place to draw the line (see below).
You don’t like stories about insects with two genders?
My Greek is pretty rusty these days; but even when it was at its strongest it would never have been up to MacIntyre’s standards.
But then I wrote a whole book on Confucianism (albeit more a popularising than a scholarly book) while knowing no Chinese whatsoever. So I’m happily shameless.
Yeah, but your Confucianism book is meant for ignorant Westerners like me (I read it a few months ago and enjoyed it), not for other Confucian scholars.
I’m pretty sure my Greek will never be up to MacIntyre’s standards. I did hear a good story from someone who was a graduate student at Duke in his time there. He taught a graduate seminar on the Nicomachean Ethics, and the sole textbook assigned for the course was Bywater’s Oxford edition.
I was once told the following story about a student in Terry Irwin’s Greek reading group. I don’t remember, and indeed may never have known, the name of the student (this would have taken place a little before my time at Cornell); let’s call him Alfo. I certainly remember, but will not report, the name of the student who told me the story; let’s call him or her Bayto.
So the reading group was working its way slowly through Homer (whether the Iliad or the Odyssey I don’t recall), and Alfo was attempting to appear more proficient in Greek than he actually was; and it transpired that what he was doing was, before each meeting, memorising the relevant section of the Lattimore translation, and then regurgitating it with slight changes in wording when asked to sight-translate.
There are some people in the world who are easy to fool. Terry was not remotely one of them. So finally he challenged Alfo to recite the Greek alphabet. Alfoa gamely attempted this task, and produced: “Alpha … beta …… gamma ……….. delta ………………………… pipsilon?” And so ended his participation in the reading group.
But not the story was not yet over. At term’s end, each student would receive a general written evaluation from each professor whose course the student had taken that term. So Bayto forged an evaluation from Terry for Alfo, and put it in Alfo’s box just a little before the actual evaluations would be coming in. It began by looking authentic, and gradually grew less so; the giveaway was a line in which pseudo-Terry effusively praised Alfo’s skills in Greek, noting that Alfo “knew Greek from alpha to pipsilon.”
I’ve been teaching Greek for a decade, but I can’t match that one. I did have a student once who used to try to hide the Loeb of the Crito under the table during class, as though I would not notice the transformation from cluelessness to high British prose. As usual, asking for some basic syntactical explanations put an end to any illusions that anyone in the room might have had about this kid’s suddenly having figured out the difference between the nominative and accusative cases.
In general I have not encountered much cheating at all in Greek courses, probably because hardly anybody takes Greek without actually wanting to learn it. But as usual, the most dumbfounding thing about cheating is that these kids think we’re not going to notice immediately when they suddenly sound like they actually know what they’re talking about. One of my most recent cases was also among the most entertaining: I assigned a paper on the Republic, and I got a submission from Catherine Zuckert. If only the student had known my views about Straussianism!
One of my favourite plagiarism cases was a paper that began: ” ‘Tis evident that ….”
Oh but they’re so much fun. I suppose you’re telling embarrassing stories about other people, but I can match you an embarrassing one about myself.
My own historical tendency to overreact to flying insects casts Badhwar’s interpretation into doubt. Once, when I was walking down the street with the girl I was dating at the time, I squealed and nearly dove onto the sidewalk to avoid a dragonfly that had suddenly introduced itself into my general vicinity. She later married me anyway. We’re no longer married, but I’m pretty sure it’s not because I am deep-down a woman.
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If we are to believe the popular literature of the early modern period then scolding was the quintessential female offence. It tells of the perils of choosing the wrong marriage partner who may “begin for to scould and to brawl” and that “no venemous snake stings like a woman’s tongue”.[1] Scolding was of such concern to local elites and to the courts in early modern England because it was an outward sign of female power, which was a violation of the patriarchal norm. Sharpe has explained that “the whole notion of scolding was tied up with contemporary views of how women should behave and what constituted a proper female role”.[2]
According to David Underdown, an epidemic of prosecutions for scolding between 1560 and 1640 was one of the indicators of a crisis of order during that period.[3] However, the Norfolk evidence offers little support for this view. In this essay I examine the court evidence to investigate just who was being charged with scolding and the related offence of barratry and what behaviour they exhibited that was seen to be such a threat to community harmony. I also look at some descriptions of scolding from popular literature to see just how contemporary popular perceptions of scolds and their treatment compared with the reality in seventeenth-century Norfolk.
A scold was much more than someone who merely complained or found fault. Scolding involved behaviour that consistently stirred up trouble and usually disrupted the whole neighbourhood. It often also involved brawling, lewd behaviour or repeated indiscriminate slander. Catherine Parson of Sheringham was a typical example. In 1611 the inhabitants of Sheringham, Beeston and Runton complained that she “dothe dayely stur up sedicon and stryfe betwixt man and wief & betwixt neighbor and neighbor so that the neighbours cannot live peaceably by her”. She also “sett upon a poore ould man above threescore yeares of Age … and did whip him very greveouslye”, as well as beating “two boyes meting wth them in the strete … so that they dirse not at any tyme since mete wth her”.[4]
A legal summary of 1675 described such women thus:
A scold in a legal sense is a troublesome and angry woman, who by her brawling and wrangling amongst her Neighbours, doth break the public peace, and beget, cherish and increase public discord.
The prescribed punishment was:
being put in the Cucking or Ducking stole, or Tumbrel, an Engine appointed for that purpose, which is in the fashion of a Chair; and herein she is to sit, and to be let down in the water over head and ears three or four times, so that no part of her be above water, diving or ducking down, though against her will, as Ducks do under water.[5]
Whilst originally the term ‘scold’ could apply to both sexes, by the sixteenth century it was almost exclusively applied to women.[6] Of course, men were also capable of exhibiting the same kind of behaviour that saw women charged as scolds, but in these circumstances they were more likely to have been charged with barratry or abusive behaviour.[7] In seventeenth-century Norfolk only three out of ninety-six charged with scolding were men, and two of them were charged with the offence together with their wives and the other together with his mother.[8] According to Underdown, “women who were poor, social outcasts, widows or otherwise lacking in the protection of a family, or newcomers to their communities, were the most common offenders”.[9] However, the majority of cases I have found involved married women rather than widows; of those whose marital status was recorded only 10.7 per cent were widows, with 89.3 per cent being described as married. Interestingly, none were spinsters.[10] The Norfolk records also suggest that women were more likely to be taken to court for scolding when they had offended over an extended period and their neighbours had finally had enough, this means that they were less likely to be newcomers. Women such as Francis Greneleafe of St. Mary’s parish, Norwich, were complained of “for skouldinge contynually wth her neighbors”.[11]
It is difficult to establish the social status of many of those charged with scolding in seventeenth-century Norfolk. However, where occupations are given they are of tradesmen, or wives of tradesmen, such as blacksmith, currier or shipwright, suggesting that they were not the very poorest members of the neighbourhood. Depositions often suggest that offender and complainant were close neighbours, and therefore probably likely to be from the same social group. However, occasionally their vehemence was directed against more fortunate neighbours, and this has been interpreted as a sign of a rebellion against the offender’s position in the social structure of the community.[12]
Underdown has claimed that court records suggest a peak period for the prosecution of scolds between 1560 and 1640. However, in Norfolk, in the first forty years of the seventeenth century there were just fifty-seven prosecutions for the offence, an average of less than two per annum; whether this represented a peak or not, it hardly seems evidence for the epidemic Underdown claimed.[13] Prosecutions in seventeenth-century Norfolk remained at a fairly static level until, as can be seen from figure 1, they fall off after about 1660.[14]
Figure 1. Prosecutions for scolding and barratry, Great Yarmouth quarter sessions and Norwich Mayor’s Court [15]
Whilst the main offence of a scold was misuse of the tongue, in many cases offenders simultaneously faced other charges, which, although indicating how generally disruptive they were, makes it difficult to define the behaviour that led to the scolding charge. For example, when Agnes Barker appeared before Norwich Mayor’s Court for scolding in 1600 she was also charged with brawling and beating the constable.[16] Rose Lownde was also accused of misusing the constable and “scowlding with hir neighbours” before the same court in 1609.[17] Cases such as these suggest that some offenders may have been lashing out against authority figures within the community. There are also examples of aldermen and ministers being the targets of their vehemence.
There was certainly popular involvement in the identification of scolds, as most were reported by their neighbours, and the evidence suggests that many of these complaints arose as part of inter-household disputes. One of the problems with defining behaviour that constituted scolding or barratry is that there are examples of complaints made against individuals that seem to match the definitions of the offences, but nevertheless led to another charge altogether, or sometimes to no charge at all. For example, in 1606, ten neighbours of Barnard Shippaborowe signed an article of complaint against him with a list of his faults. These included the claim that “he is a comon defam[er] and detractor of the neighbours wher he dwelleth” and “he is an ordinary rayler and a verie foule mouthed p[er]son”; yet they do not mention the terms ‘scold’ or ‘barrator’ and he is charged with neither.[18] In 1663 Ann Giddings was charged with railing after it was said that she was a “comon Rayler & abuser of sev[er]all of hir neybors & is a disordered p[er]son”, behaviour that could just as well have seen her charged as a scold.[19]
Some individuals were often only reported as scolds when the neighbourhood had tired of their behaviour or attempts to reform them had failed, so without a one-off incident to report there is rarely a record of the actual words that saw them labelled as scolds. However, the few instances that do report the words give us an idea of what might have constituted scolding in early modern Norfolk. In 1611 it was reported that Margaret Wade of Barton Bendish had called Mr. Lynghoke “Rascall, Jack, knave, wth other very bad speches, and prayed god the devile myght fetch him awaye”.[20] Edmund Dawson of Swaffham was said to have “raged & rayled against … Robert Pecke callinge him knave, raskall, roge, thefe & thevese knave w[i]th manye other dispitefull termes not fitt to be named”.[21] Edmund Pattrick similarly used the terms “roge and raskall” to Randall Cooke.[22]
Whilst the words these examples throw up, ‘rogue’, ‘rascal’ and ‘knave’, may not seem to be particularly inflammatory today, these were words that had particular meaning in a seventeenth-century society where reputation was all-important. Alexandra Shepard has pointed out that these terms were often the subject of actions for defamation “because they served to debase their victim and rob him of authority and worth”. She goes on to explain that the term ‘knave’ was originally a mock title to describe menial servants, ‘rascal’ insinuated low birth, and ‘rogue’ implied vagrancy.[23] Dave Peacock has also found numerous examples of the term ‘rogue’ being used as the male equivalent of whore in the Norwich consistory court.[24]
Of the ninety-six people charged with scolding during this period, forty-five were charged as common scolds, twenty-three were charged with scolding and fighting or brawling, eighteen with scolding and using lewd or abusive speech, seven with scolding together with ill rule, and a further three with scolding and begging. Sometimes long lists of complaints were made against someone who disrupted the neighbourhood, scolding being just one of them. When neighbours of Mathye Cambridge complained about her at King’s Lynn quarter sessions in March 1626 a long history of complaints emerged. They claimed that her behaviour was “now so unsufferable … that we are in great danger of our lives”. Amongst other misdeeds she was said to have been stealing milk during the night, selling beer without a licence, “giveing entertaynment unto many rogues & lewd persons whos misdemeanors were such as it is reported she had a queane burnt in the house”. She also “beat the widdow Woods & dragged hir most cruelly about by the hayre of hir head”. After scolding with Ellen Thetlow she “threw a stone at hir & layd hir for dead”; after scolding with Henry Harwick she “did run a pitchfork into his body”. They also claimed that “she is so given to brawling & quarrelling with hir neighbours & is withall of such a mankind & furious disposition that she will chalenge men to fight with them & by name with John Buck swearing that yf she might have his bloud she cared not”.[25] Clearly Mathye Cambridge and women like her did not match the contemporary patriarchal ideal of how a woman should conduct herself.
Articles of complaint about people such as Mathye Cambridge were often submitted to the justices by a list of neighbours who could bear their behaviour no longer. Sometimes these lists were submitted by ‘the chief inhabitants’ or local officeholders. A complaint against Thomas Foreman of Walsingham was signed by twelve townspeople including two constables and two churchwardens.[26] On other occasions complaints were signed by the poor people who had been the target of the scold’s wrath, possibly with the help and encouragement of the leading members of the community. Sometimes it is clear from the records that the submission had been made only after local attempts to persuade the offender to correct the error of their ways had failed, as was the case with Edmond Dawson of Swaffham.[27]
When the complaint against Dawson was made to Norfolk quarter sessions in 1611, it was said that he had “caried himselfe verye dissordelye towarde his neghboures, rayling uppon them in the open stretes as also in the night tyme raging att ther howses in most outragious mannor”, mostly after getting himself drunk. The complaint goes on to describe how “Mr Nicholas Bate minister & p[re]cher of Swaffham hathe laboured manye tymes, bothe by private exhortations, as by other meanes to recleyme him”, but to no avail; Dawson only turned on the minister “raylynge uppon him in most outragious & shamefull manner”, calling him “jacke … knave, thevesse knave, roginge knave, [and] shifting knave”. Nicholas Bate was one of the group of neighbours who, in desperation, signed the articles of complaint.[28]
A connection has sometimes been made between the offences of witchcraft and scolding.[29] According to Reginald Scot, the “chief fault” of witches “is that they are scolds”.[30] He also described the kind of women likely to be charged with witchcraft as “so odious unto all their neighbours, and so feared, as few dare offend theme”, a description that might well be applied to some of those charged with scolding.[31] Yet despite this connection, there is only one seventeenth-century example of a Norfolk scolding case that makes any mention of witchcraft. William Colles of Clenchwarton, who was said to “brabble and brawle wth his neighbors”, was also said to have claimed that “his weiffe weare a wytche [and] that hee is a wisard” and his neighbours complained that there was “found about him a charme beinge a blasphemous one”.[32]
However, if we examine the actions of women charged with witchcraft it becomes apparent that it is often characteristic of behaviour that might have seen them charged with scolding instead. As an example, when widow Betteris was charged with witchcraft in 1607, a child was said to have died after Betteris “did brawle wth the wif of W[illia]m Tasborowe … At another tyme after that the sd Betteris did fall out wth the wif of John Dennys wherupon his child did sicken & dyed”. A poor woman’s house was said to have burned down after “the sd Betteris did fall a baninge”.[33] As we have seen, this behaviour – brawling, falling out, and cursing – is typical of the scold. However, here it involves the much more serious charge of witchcraft when the alleged acts of maleficium follow.
Underdown claimed that scolding was mainly an urban problem and the Norfolk records provide some support for that view.[34] Of 118 Norfolk cases of scolding and barratry, eighty-eight were tried before Norwich Mayor’s Court, which dealt with minor offences within the city. Although King’s Lynn sessions heard only four cases, there were twenty-five in Great Yarmouth, where all of those whose place of abode was given came from the town itself. However, whilst the records of Norfolk quarter sessions, which heard cases from the more rural parts of the county, contain no indictments for scolding or barratry, there are records of several complaints in the sessions rolls during periods for which indictments have not survived.
Early records indicating the existence of cucking-stools are all from towns or cities, although it is difficult to know whether this means that other punishments were used in rural areas or whether scolding had not been such a problem in villages. It is quite likely that it was partly a reflection of the cost of building and maintaining the contraption. Norwich is known to have had a cucking-stool by 1562 when, at Fyebridge, a woman was ordered “to ryde on a cart, with a paper in her hand, and tynkled with a bason, and so at one o’clock to be led to the cokyng stool and ducked in the water”.[35] When the Norwich stool was repaired in 1680, the Chamberlain’s accounts record a payment of 2s 6d for watermen to deliver it from Conesford, 3s 6d for six men to erect it, as well as the purchase of new timber.[36] King’s Lynn quarter sessions does not mention such a contraption until 1639, when it was ordered “that a cuckinstoole shall be forthwith made for the punishing of scowlds and Brawlers, And shalbe placed upon the com[m]on Dike”.[37] ‘Le Cokstole’ is mentioned as early as 1390 in a deed relating to Thetford. The town also erected a new one in 1578.[38]
When a ducking was ordered in Norfolk it appears to have consisted of being fixed into the cucking-stool and then ducked under the water three times. Mary Wyer was ordered by Norwich Mayor’s Court in 1615 to be sent to the Bridewell and “from thence to the Duckstoole & there to be ducked three sev[er]all tymes for skouldynge”.[39] In 1670 the same court ordered that Marie Clay should be committed to the Cage for skowldinge with her neighbours … & is to be carried from thence at 2 of the clock this afternoone to the Ducking stoole, and be dipped ther thrice over her heade”.[40]
Whilst a ducking would have been an extremely unpleasant experience for the recipient, at least the courts showed some humanity in the timing of carrying it out. As figure 2 shows, this was clearly a summer punishment. The only time in the seventeenth century that a ducking was ordered in the winter was in January 1600, when Agnes Barker was ordered to be ducked for “beating of the constables and brawlinge and skouldinge”. However, whilst the court ordered an immediate appearance in the stocks it allowed that her ducking should wait until the summer.[41]
Sometimes the threat of a ducking was thought by the court to be sufficient to make a scold mend her ways and punishment was postponed until the next time they offended. When Hester More and Anne Tice appeared before Norwich Mayor’s Court in 1659 they were said to have “skowled & brawled & fighted wth [one] another & otherwise misbehaved themselves by revileinge speeches”, but it was ordered that they would only be punished “if by or before Satterdaye next they do not agree & reconsile themselves each to other”.[42]
Figure 2. Duckings ordered by all Norfolk courts, by month, 1600 – 99 [43]
Not all towns and villages constructed cucking-stools and other punishments were also used for scolds. Sometimes they were locked in the town cage, or put in the stocks or Bridewell. Some towns, particularly in the north, are said to have utilized a scold’s bridle or ‘branks’, a strange contraption, usually made with steel or wood and leather, and sometimes fitted with a bit to prevent the victim from talking.[44] There are few court references to the scold’s bridle, as it was never a legal punishment, which makes it difficult to establish just how widespread its use was. However, it has been claimed that it was used in Stockport, Manchester, Chester, Newcastle and Worcester.[45] Whilst the Norwich museum now contains examples of the device there is no record of it being used in the county during the seventeenth century. Both the cucking-stool and the scold’s bridle were shaming devices. The shame was sometimes also made as public as possible by the inclusion in the process of the victim being paraded around the town. The element of deliberate humiliation in these punishments is an area where court and popular actions against offenders had the same intention.[46]
In Norfolk, a ducking was ordered as a punishment in only about one-third of scolding cases.[47] In winter there was always an alternative, but even in summer months other punishments were used. Thirty women were put into the town cage, thirteen were placed in the stocks, two were sent to Bridewell, two were whipped, and in fourteen cases a threat of punishment if they re-offended was considered to be enough. Occasionally the court also ordered that some sort of compensation should be paid to the person wronged by the scold. When Mary Dancke was sentenced to be put in the cage for scolding in 1657, her husband was ordered to “paye unto Sibbell Chapman 5s wthin tenne dayes … in satisfaction of the battery comitted by his wife upon the said Sibbell”.[48]
The term ‘barratry’ was used to describe two particular types of deviant behaviour. They are explained by Dalton in The Countrey Justice as “either a common mover or stirrer up … of suits in Law, in any Court, or else of quarrels in the countrie”. Amongst those included “in the countrie” are “such as are either common quarrellers or fighters in their own cause, or common movers, or maintainers of quarrels, and affrayers betwene others” and “inventors or sowers of false reports, whereby discord ariseth betweene neighbours”.[49] Whilst this definition concentrates on the causing of affray or discord amongst others rather than the verbal aspects of scolding, the two terms often do seem to have been used almost interchangeably.
In seventeenth-century Norfolk women were just as likely as men to be charged with barratry, in fact women were involved in twelve of the twenty-two cases to come before the courts. Seven of these women were married, four were spinsters and one was a widow. The men were mainly sailors and keelmen from Great Yarmouth, although one was described as a yeoman. Whilst the majority of those charged with scolding appeared before the Norwich courts, none of those charged with barratry did so, most were from King’s Lynn or Great Yarmouth. This may be explained by the similarity of many of the complaints; it may be that Norwich Mayor’s Court used the term ‘scold’ for the same conduct that may have been described as ‘barratry’ in Lynn or Yarmouth. Certainly many of the records describe similar types of behaviour. In 1611 William Wright of Saham Toney was said to have “abused the most p[ar]te of his neighbours & gyveth it out that he will still lyve disquyetly wth them”. He also “lyved very disquyetly wt his wyffe & very many tymes in most vigorous mann[er] beaten hir”. When his neighbours reproached him about his treatment of his wife he abused them, “calling them … knaves”.[50] John Kinge was said to be “a contynewall barrater & malebate betwine neighbors especially betwine many men and theire wyves Rayling of them callinge the men coockhols and their wives hores”.[51] Whilst both men were complained of for barratry the behaviour could equally have brought a charge of scolding.
Many of the barratry cases that involved vexatious litigation also contain complaints of other forms of misbehaviour. Edward Webster, who was said to “troble his ma[jes]t[ies] subjectes by multiplicity of sutes & accions declaringe nothing agenst them”, was also said to be a “troblesome man of loose behavior one wch liveth verie suspicius”, as well as being a nightwalker and a quarreller with his neighbours.[52] The inhabitants of Hockwold cum Wilton complained that William Taylor was a “common barrettour, pickinge quarrells wth manye men to wronge and vex them and greve them by contentious suites”, but he was also a “common Rayler and a very foule mouthed and reprochefull speaker generallye”. They also complained of his drinking and rioting with “ill disposed persons” who “disquiet all the neyghbours rounde about them soe as they cannot sleepe quietlye in there bedds in the night”.[53]
The main difference between the outcome of barratry and scolding cases lay in the punishment. Whilst scolding attracted the humiliation punishments detailed above, in the barratry cases where the punishment is known it was a fine. The level of the fines ranged from the 26s 8d imposed upon Margaret Tills at Great Yarmouth in 1669 to the huge sum of £20 that Robert Page was fined at King’s Lynn in 1621. It was recorded that Page’s fine was “assessed the higher in respect that it appeareth by the Records of the Sessions of this Burgh that the said Page hath heretofore bene convicted of a common Barrettor”. Page was also ordered to be committed to prison until he paid the fine. [54]
As we have seen, there were both male and female scolds and barrators, and men in particular were also charged with other offences such as abuse or assault for behaviour similar to that which saw women labelled as scolds. However, in the popular literature of the period the scold or ‘shrew’, as she was sometimes termed, was always a woman. The most common form of literature that dealt with the issue was the broadside ballad and these took several forms, but most told a simple story with a message, often a woeful tale of a man who marries for love but then finds out that he has taken a dominant wife. Typically the ballad will describe her behaviour, the man will complain about female power and, finally, there will be a warning. This will either be to men to be careful about their choice of a wife, or to women to warn them of the consequences of their scolding.[55]
The ballads nearly always have a humorous tone, the humour coming from the upside-down nature of the relationship. However, it is likely that in reality such tales may have been a little uncomfortable for some of the readers or listeners, who could possibly identify with the sentiments expressed. Robert Cambridge of King’s Lynn, who failed to control his wife, Mathye, in 1626, would certainly have identified with these lines from the ballad The Cruell Shrow:
When I, for quietnesses-sake, desire
My wife for to be still,
She will not grant what I require,
But sweares she’le have her will.[56]
Humour is not only derived from the female scold character, but also from the oppressed husband, who is usually helpless to do anything to control his wife. Often a first-person narrative is used to emphasis the plaintive tone of the husband’s tale, as in Martin Parker’s Keep a good tongue in your head, where we are told that the narrator “marry’d a wife of late” and that he “tooke her for love”. He goes on to tell that:
For qualities rare
Few with her compare;
Let me doe her no wrong:
I must confesse,
Her cheefe amisse
Is onely this,
As some wives is,
She cannot rule her tongue.[57]
And neither presumably can her husband. In A Pleasant new Ballad even the devil cannot control the scold. After she mistreats him the devil insists on her husband taking her back:
Here, take her! quoth the Devill,
To keep her here be bold;
For hell will not be troubled
With such an earthly scold.[58]
Whilst these are humorous interpretations and we cannot be certain that they would have influenced anyone’s thinking, they must, to an extent, have reflected popular perceptions, otherwise the audience would not have identified with the message and the ballad would not have sold. Scolds may have caused disruption within the neighbourhood and trouble between man and wife, but when they were brought to justice they could be laughed at, particularly when they could be seen to suffer themselves in the cucking-stool. The ballad The cucking of a scold describes the punishment of a scold who, “With her unquiet tongue, continually both far and neere, Molested old and yong”.[59]
Thus night and day she sent
Such brawling from her brest,
That ner a neighbour in the towne
Could take one houres rest.
Which when the Justice knew,
This Judgement than gave he,
That she upon a cucking stoole
Should justly punisht be.
On the day of her ducking she is preceded by a ‘rough music’ procession with one hundred men with “trumpets … “Phifes and Drums”.
Then was the Scould her selfe,
In a wheele-barrow brought,
Stripped naked to the smocke,
As in that case she ought:
Neat tongues about her necke
Were hung in open show;
And thus unto the cucking stoole
This famous scold did goe.
After she is ducked six times she is brought up, but continues to scold the constable, so they carry on with her punishment until she signals that she has had enough – she has clearly learned her lesson.
Then was she brought away,
And after for her life,
She never durst begin to scould
With either man or wife.
And if every Scould
Might have so good a diet,
Then should their neighbours every day
Be sure to live in quiet.
In the ballad, at least, the ducking has been effective, not only does she scold no more, but other women have been given a warning of what to expect if they should adopt that kind of behaviour. In reality too the punishment seems to have been effective. There is no record of anyone who was ducked in seventeenth-century Norfolk receiving a second such punishment. On the other hand women who received other punishments did re-offend. Priscilla Moore of Norwich, for example, who spent a period in the cage in 1629 for the offence continued to scold until she finally received the threat of a ducking, from then on we hear no more of her.[60]
The use of shaming punishments such as ducking declined considerably in the second half of the seventeenth century and, as figure 1 illustrates, prosecutions for scolding also declined after about 1660. This leaves the question of whether the prosecutions that did take place can be seen as evidence of a crisis in gender relations. Clearly, the Norfolk evidence supports the view that scolding was a ‘female’ crime by virtue of the fact that ninety-seven per cent of those charged were women. Even barratry, thought to be more of a male offence, saw more women prosecuted in seventeenth-century Norfolk. But, as I pointed out earlier, that is not to say that there were not men behaving in the same way and being charged with a different offence. However, it is too simplistic to think that levels of prosecutions for offences such as scolding would be the best indicator of whether there was such a crisis. If we are to use criminal offences to come to any conclusion about this issue then surely it is necessary to look at all offences that involved a breach of community peace, including assaults, drinking, theft, disorderly behaviour and the rest. These are offences that could be just as disruptive to the neighbourhood as scolding, but saw a majority of men prosecuted. Even though most scolds were female and behaving in a way that contravened the ideal, there was never really an epidemic of cases – on average only one or two prosecutions each year – hardly evidence of a crisis in gender relations.
[1] The Scoulding Wife (London, 1689), reprinted in Day, The Pepys Ballads volume 4, p. 136; Martin Parker Keep a good tongue in your head (London, 1634), reprinted in Collier, A Book of Roxburghe Ballads (London, 1847), p. 242.
[2] Sharpe, Crime in Early Modern England, p. 157.
[3] Underdown, “The Taming of the Scold”, pp. 116 – 136. For an article investigating this issue in an earlier period, see Karen Jones and Michael Zill, “Bad conversation? Gender and social control in a Kentish borough, c. 1450 – c. 1570”, Continuity and Change volume 13, no. 1 (1998).
[4] NRO, Norfolk quarter sessions rolls, C/S3/17 pt. 1, articles against Catherine Parson.
[5] William Sheppard, A Grand Abridgement of the Common and Statute Law of England 4 volumes (London, 1675), volume 3, p. 267.
[6] Martin Ingram, “Scolding women cucked or washed”, p. 51.
[7] Whilst the original definition of a barrator was ‘a vexatious litigant’, it appears to have often been used as a substitute for ‘scold’ in the sense of a malicious person causing discord, particularly in the case of men. A barrator is defined by Sheppard as a “common wrangler, that setteth men at odds, and is himself never quiet but at brawl with one or other”. Grand Abridgement, p. 300.
[8] NRO, Norwich Mayor’s Court 16a/13, fol. 610 and 16a/14, fol. 155; Great Yarmouth quarter sessions, Y/S1/4/157.
[9] Underdown, “The Taming of the Scold”, p. 120.
[10] Although four spinsters were charged with barratry at Great Yarmouth quarter sessions.
[11] NRO, Norwich Mayor’s Court, 16a/15, fol. 234, dated 28.4.1619.
[12] For example, David Underdown, Revel, Riot and Rebellion. Popular Politics and Culture in England 1603 – 1660 (Oxford, 1985), p. 40.
[13] Underdown, “Taming of the Scold”, p. 119 – 20.
[14] This agrees with Underdown’s assessment that “the preoccupation with scolding” lasted until 1660. Underdown, “Taming of the Scold”, p. 126.
[15] Prosecutions before these two courts account for 96% of all such prosecutions before all Norfolk courts. (No data available for Norwich Mayor’s Court for 1647 – 1654.)
[16] NRO, Norwich Mayor’s Court, 16a/13, fol. 399.
[18] NRO, Norfolk quarter sessions, C/S3/15 part 1, articles against Barnard Shippaborowe.
[19] NRO, Norwich Mayor’s Court, 16a/23, fol. 189v.
[20] NRO, Norfolk quarter sessions, C/S3/17 part 1, articles against Margaret Wade.
[21] NRO, Norfolk quarter sessions, C/S3/17 part 2, articles against Edmund Dawson.
[22] NRO, Norfolk quarter sessions, C/S3/17 part 2, complaint of Randall Cooke.
[23] Alexandra Shepard, “Meanings of Manhood in Early Modern England” (Cambridge University, unpublished PhD thesis, 1998), pp. 86 – 7.
[24] Peacock, “Morals, Rituals, and Gender”, pp. 158 – 62.
[25] NRO, Norfolk quarter sessions, C/S3/26, dated 20.3.1626.
[26] NRO, Norfolk quarter sessions, C/S3/24, part 2, undated, complaint against Thomas Foreman.
[27] J.A. Sharpe, ‘”Such Disagreement Betwyx Neighbours”: Litigation and Human Relations in Early Modern England’, in John Bossy, ed., Disputes and Settlements: Law and Human Relations in the West (Cambridge, 1983).
[28] NRO, Norfolk quarter sessions, C/S3/17, part 2, articles against Edmund Dawson.
[29] Sharpe, Crime in seventeenth-century England, p. 156; Ingram, “Scolding women cucked or washed”, p. 67.
[30] Reginald Scot, The discoverie of witchcraft (London, 1584), p. 34.
[31] Scot, Discoverie of witchcraft, p. 4.
[32] NRO, Norfolk quarter sessions rolls, C/S3/22, articles of misbehaviour against William Colles, undated.
[33] NRO, Norfolk quarter sessions, C/S3/15 part 1, articles against [blank] Betteris. The Oxford English Dictionary defines ‘banning’ as “cursing”.
[34] Underdown, “The Taming of the Scold”, p. 123.
[35] Blomefield, History of Norfolk, volume 4, p. 355.
[36] NRO, Chamberlain’s accounts, NCR/18b/4, fols. 156 – 7.
[37] NRO, King’s Lynn quarter sessions, KL/C21/2, fol. 8.
[38] Crosby, History of Thetford, p. 71.
[39] NRO, Norwich Mayor’s Court, 16a/15, fol. 8, dated 13.5.1615.
[40] NRO, Norwich Mayor’s Court, 16a/24, fol. 144v, dated 13.7.1670.
[43] This graph accounts for thirty-seven occasions on which a ducking was ordered as a punishment. Twenty-nine of these were for scolding, the other eight being for related offences such as abuse and uncivil behaviour.
[44] See T.N. Brushfield, “On Obsolete Punishments, with particular reference to those of Cheshire”, Chester Archaeological and Historic Society Journal volume 2 (1855 – 1862), pp. 30 – 48.
[45] Robert Plot, Natural History of Staffordshire (1686), p. 389; Ingram, “Scolding women cucked or washed”, p. 58.
[46] See chapter 6 for further discussion of this point.
[47] The punishment thought appropriate for scolding appears to have differed throughout the country. Garthine Walker has claimed that “scolds were neither ducked nor cucked”, and from the Cheshire records she found that “the routine public penalty for scolding … was a monetary fine of 3s 4d”. However, in Norfolk no convicted scolds were fined. Walker, Crime, Gender and Social Order, pp. 110 – 11.
[48] NRO, Norwich Mayor’s Court, 16a/23, fol. 60v, dated 25.7.1657.
[49] Dalton, Countrey Justice, pp. 31 – 2.
[50] NRO, Norfolk quarter sessions, C/S3/17, part 2, articles against William Wright.
[51] NRO, Norfolk quarter sessions, C/S3/21, articles against John Kinge.
[52] NRO, Norfolk quarter sessions, C/S3/17, part 2, articles against Edward Webster.
[53] NRO, Norfolk quarter sessions, C/S3/21, articles against William Taylor.
[54] NRO, Great Yarmouth quarter sessions, Y/S1/3, fol. 275; King’s Lynn quarter sessions, KL/C21/1, dated 9.8.1621.
[55] For street literature on scolds, see Joy Wiltenburg, Disorderly Women and Female Power in the Street Literature of Early Modern England and Germany (Charlottesville, VA, 1992); Elizabeth Foyster, “A Laughing Matter? Marital Discord and Gender Control in Seventeenth-Century England”, Rural History volume 4, no. 1 (1993).
[56] The Cruel Shrow: Or, The Patient Man’s Woe (undated), reprinted in Wiltenburg Disorderly Women and Female Power, pp. 109 – 10.
[57] Parker, Keep a good tongue in your head, pp. 237 – 8.
[58] A Pleasant new Ballad you here may behold, How the Devill, though subtle, was gul’d by a Scold, reprinted in William Chappell, ed., The Roxburghe Ballads, volume 2, pp. 366 – 71.
[59] The cucking of a scold (London, c.1615), reprinted in Rollins, Pepysian Garland, pp. 72 – 7.
[60] NRO, Norwich Mayor’s Court, 16a/16, fol. 245v; 16a/16, fol. 256v.
© Keith Parry 2011
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Where’s the Outrage? Hillary Obtained Political Dirt from Foreign Sources!
posted by Premiere Networks - Jun 14, 2019
RUSH: Hillary paid for the dossier. Folks, there's a story in The Stack today, I went back and got it. Hillary was on Comedy Central in November of 2017 talking about the dossier and how the information came to her.
Here it is. “Flashback: Hillary Endorsed Obtaining Political Dirt from Foreign Sources.” This is a story by Dan Bongino. She was on The Daily Show. November 2017, the Washington Times had the story. Clinton appeared on The Daily Show. She was asked about the dossier, which has been sourced to her and Kremlin, Russian intelligence.
And Hillary said, "Well, you know" -- she says "you know" a lot. By the way, that's a pet peeve of mine. There are a couple people I watch regularly who drive me away because they begin every sentence with "you know." I’m not gonna name names. It becomes a habit after a while.
People are thinking what they want to say and they say, "you know," "and then, you know," so I studiously try to avoid it but Hillary's one of these people "and you know, and you know, ha-ha-ha-ha." Then broadbeam cackle laugh and then "you know" again.
Here she is. She says, "It’s part of what happens in a campaign where you get information that may or may not be useful and you try make sure anything you put out in public arena is accurate. So this thing didn’t come out until after the election and its’ still being evaluated.”
This is Hillary talking about the dossier that she commissioned, that she and the DNC paid for, and this all part of the illusion. Well, this thing didn't come out 'til after the election and it's still being evaluated. Now, remember this is November 17. This is after Trump -- well, I actually don't know if it's after he won the election because the exact date here as is typical for modern journalism is not given. The reason I'm suspicious of it -- wait a minute -- yeah. It's after the election because of her quote.
Okay. So November 2017, the dossier was first introduced to Trump in January of 2017. And she's out there after it has been used and the Mueller report, it's still being evaluated. She's lying through her teeth! There was never any truth in it! It's part of what happens in a campaign where you get information that may or not be useful.
She didn't call the FBI. She didn't call law enforcement. In fact, they were all working on it together. The FBI ended up using it to get FISA warrants to spy on the Trump campaign. This is why this story literally has me about to burst with anger, because everything in this that the Democrats are upset about, Trump has not done. He hasn't done any of this. He did not accept information from a foreign source.
She did. She sought it. She paid for it. The FBI, James Comey, Clapper, Brennan, McCabe, they all used it to try to destroy Trump. And it's filled with foreign information, verified by foreign agents, like Mifsud and Halper. Then you've got Alexander Downer, the ambassador from Australia character mixed into this. Everything that everybody in the media's having a cow over, Trump has not done!
So he says, "Yeah, well, if I got some stuff from some bad actors, yeah I'd look at it." "He’s unqualified, this guy is unfit for office." Meanwhile, over here all of this stuff that these people have this phony outrage building up about is stuff that literally happened and is still happening. It's ongoing. Because Adam Schiff is using it as they have kick started the Mueller investigation in Schiff's committee!
They're bringing the same witnesses in. They're doing the same thing. They're continuing to look for collusion because Schiff is convinced it's there, that Mueller missed it. So they're relying still on foreign sources in the U.S. House of Representatives! They're relying on Steele. They're relying on the Russian agents he spoke to because the dossier is all they have ever had.
So while they get on Trump for being unfit, for saying he would accept information, dirt on his opponents, these people manufactured the dirt, paid for the dirt, and are still using the dirt!
BREAK TRANSCRIPT
RUSH: Davis Staples, Staples Brothers, Staples Dad, Staples Sisters. If you're ready, come go with me. Great to have you.
Here is Tony in Appleton, Wisconsin, it's great... This is where visiting teams stay when they go in to play the Packers: Appleton, Wisconsin.
CALLER: (chuckles) That's correct, and --
RUSH: How are you doing, sir?
CALLER: That's correct, and what a pleasure to talk to you today, Rush. I just want you to know that I get my news from three places now: Fox News, you, and Sean Hannity.
RUSH: Thank you.
CALLER: Those are the only ones I trust anymore.
RUSH: Well, I'm glad to hear that, sir. You can't go wrong with that. I'm not joking. You're not gonna be purposely lied to or misled, and you're gonna know more about what the Democrats are doing -- truthful and honestly -- than if you watch CNN or the New York Times.
CALLER: That's true. That's very true. I have two points of frustration I'd like to air today, if I could. One is with Senator Lindsey Graham. When he first took over the Judiciary Committee, all he talked about was all of these participants in this coup. He was gonna drag 'em in front of his committee. He's been in charge for almost six months now and he's done nothing. All he does is go on Fox News and talk about the things he's gonna do, and he does absolutely nothing. Time to replace him there. My other point of frustration is this Andrew McCabe. We knew over a year ago that this guy had lied to the FBI, and yet there's no indictment. Now we're hearing people like Victor Davis Hanson say this is gonna go 'til 2020. I don't understand this at all, and that's another point of frustration.
RUSH: Yeah, you want to get really ticked off? Grab sound bite number 9. I've got this clown, McCabe. He was on CNN (of course) and Fredo Prime Time last night. Stick on the phone here with me, Tony. I want to get your reaction to this.
RUSH: So Fredo is talking to McCabe, who's still out there selling a book. This guy was fired from the FBI! Justifiably. This guy was in charge of running this coup with Strzok Smirk. He was their boss. He was fully aware of the effort in this coup to overturn a duly constituted election. So Fredo says to him last night, "Do you think that the arguments that, 'Okay, you shouldn't have Russians giving you anything, and also you shouldn't have been paying Russians information to amass a dossier the way Clinton did...' Do you see these as...?"
So you see what Fredo's doing? He's trying to equate the two! And for the first time, they actually admit that the Clinton campaign paid for the dossier. Now, the Washington Post originally reported that. That was originally a Washington Post story. The Drive-Bys never picked it up; they never ran with it. They just got it on record. Here's Fredo referencing it and trying now to get McCabe, of all people, to draw an analogy between the two!
So his question is: "Do you think the argument that you shouldn't have Russians giving you anything and you shouldn't have been paying Russians for information the way Clinton did, do you see these as..." He says "analogs" here. He means "analogous." Poor Fredo doesn't really know what...
MCCABE: There's no equivalence between those two examples.
FREDO: (snickering)
MCCABE: To openly invite foreign intelligence officers, representatives from a hostile foreign government to steal information, to acquire opposition research in any way -- in any illegal way -- that they might do that and to present it to you is one thing. For a campaign to hire a law firm, an American law firm, who then turns around and hires an American research company, who then contracts out with a foreign individual, that is not illegal. Campaigns are allowed to hire individuals, foreign individuals and to pay those individuals for the services that they provide.
RUSH: Did you hear that?
CALLER: (silence)
RUSH: Our caller is gone. Did you hear that? Let me run this by you. Folks, did you hear how he described the Steele dossier? To say that that's not nearly as bad as on Trump saying that he would accept foreign dirt? He said, "For a campaign to hire a law firm, an American law firm, who then turns around and hires an American research company, who then contracts out with a foreign individual, that's not illegal." He's just described Hillary hiring Fusion GPS, which then hires Perkins Coie, which then hired Steele. He says, "That's not illegal.
"Campaigns are allowed to hire people. They're allowed to hire foreign individuals. They're allowed to pay those individuals for the services they provide." He doesn't even address the fact that that phony collection of garbage was then used and misrepresented as legitimate intelligence! He is acknowledging that it's perfectly legal to write up a bunch of lies, call it "opposition research" privately, but then publicly tell everybody it's "counterintelligence" that you gathered -- and then use it to spy on the opposing campaign.
This is what this snake is saying! "For a campaign to hire a law firm, an American the law firm, that then turns..." He is admitting it. This is their cover story. This is, "Oh, yeah, we knew about the dossier. It's totally political. There's no crime here. Hillary can hire who she wants, she can pay who she wants, she can hire foreign individuals. They can create documents, services, and so forth. That's perfectly fine." Yeah, well, you take that collection of garbage, that absolute drivel, and then you run and get spy warrants based off of it, when you full-well know that it's opposition research.
Now he's got the gall to say, "There's nothing problematic about that, but when you say that you would accept dirt on a political opponent from a foreign source..." In other words, it's perfectly fine to go pay for it. But somebody offers it to you for nothing; you are the bad guy, if you would accept it. But if you're gonna go out and arrange it, pay for it -- even if it's a foreigner that you're paying and a foreign agent -- that's perfectly fine. So he's telling us how they planned all along to excuse the dossier and claim, "There's nothing to see here!"
He doesn't acknowledge they used it, misused it. This guy is such a snake. This is just -- and why in the world Trump would want to turn anything over to these people, as our previous caller said, is exactly right! He says, "There's no equivalence between what Trump did and what Hillary did. To openly invite foreign intelligence officers from a hostile foreign government to steal information to acquire opposition research." That's not what Trump did!
He didn't invite anybody to steal anything!
He said, "If they called, I'd listen to them."
Listen to how McCabe is mischaracterizing this. He's now saying, "Just like Trump was asking the Russians to hack Hillary's computer..."
He's now saying (translated), "Trump was asking foreign agents, who are enemies, to give him information on Democrat opponents -- and that is unacceptable. But if somebody wants to go hire somebody like Steele and pay for it through an American law firm and write a bunch of garbage that we then take to the FISA court? Why, that's perfectly legal." (big sigh) If these people get away with this in the end -- and about his other point, Victor Davis Hanson was on Laura Ingraham last night. I don't have time to get the bite... Well, I do. Grab sound bite number 19. Her question was, "What's gonna dominate the 2020 election news, Victor?"
HANSON: I think the Mueller's story is pretty much through, and it's kind of like a boomerang effect, that now we're going to see that the people who were instrumental in subverting the Trump campaign transition -- indeed, the presidency -- are gonna be called to account. So we heard, "The walls are closing in! The noose is tightening!" But it's gonna act in reverse. So Comey, Brennan, McCabe, Bruce Ohr and his wife, they're all facing either criminal referrals or likely criminal referrals. And this is gonna be a slow, drawn-out process all the way to the 2020 elections.
RUSH: That's what the caller from Appleton -- who I thought was gonna hold on. I wanted to get his reaction. It's what he heard last night, and this is not good. We're gonna lose the race if this takes until the 2020 elections to come out. But (snort) we just heard that they're hiring new office space because the investigation's expanding. So I can guarantee, it's nowhere near a conclusion.
RUSH: Now, we know they knew. We know they knew. But it's fascinating to me to hear McCabe, one of the ranking members of the FBI, explain how they were planning to justify and ignore the seriousness of the Steele dossier.
RUSH: Long Island. This is Terry. Great to have you with us in the EIB Network. Hello.
CALLER: Thank you for taking my phone call. Nice to talk to you.
CALLER: I have a question. I'm trying to understand why the Democrat-Socialist Party, which is basically a form of Marxism and communism, has a problem with Russia trying to interfere with our election when they're basically trying to turn our country into this form of government? No one understands this.
RUSH: Yeah, you know, this is a very insightful and intriguing question, because the Democrats are getting away with another subterfuge -- and that is making it look like they don't like the Russians, making it look like they think the Russians are the enemy. When for my whole life, the Russians -- the Soviet Union, the Soviet communists -- were essentially Democrat Party allies.
CALLER: Correct, and I don't understand this.
RUSH: Well, it isn't hard. I mean, in their world, Trump's a bigger enemy than the Russians.
CALLER: Well, I guess if they continue doing what they're doing, and they want us to become what they feel is right, then we'll be allies with Russia and we'll be Russia.
RUSH: Well, isn't that sort of the way this is proceeding? I mean, aren't they not acting more like totalitarians and authoritarians than...?
CALLER: Absolutely. They're trying to take our freedom away.
RUSH: Well, they certainly are chipping away with it. So they have that in common with Russia. Which, you know (impression), "The Soviet Union is old, Rush. It's gone! It's now Russia, and Putin wants to rebuild the USSR." He does want to rebuild it. Don't think that they're running around wildly free in Russia, just like they're not running around wildly free in Cuba.
CALLER: You're right.
RUSH: But it is interesting question. The Democrats hate Russia. They've all... At least they want us to think they hate Russia. They're suspicious of Russia. But they've always loved Russia. Crazy Bernie honeymooned there.
CALLER: (laughing) Ah, well, I --
RUSH: He did! He honeymooned in the Soviet Union and in Cuba! Well, they have all this problem with Russia and everything else. But, meanwhile, now, "Let's do trade with Cuba!" So you want to do trade and do deals with countries that are socialist countries, but look what they tried to do to us. I think the biggest thing that Russia did to us with interfering with our election, is the chaos that they're causing now. That's their interference.
RUSH: Who's actually causing the chaos, though?
CALLER: Well, the liberal media.
RUSH: Okay. All right. Now, you have -- very strategically, I might add -- allowed me to swerve into yet another story today that I have been holding. It's from Julie Kelly at the American Greatness website. The headline: "Was Sergey Kislyak Part of the Russian Collusion Hoax?" Sergey Kislyak was the Russian ambassador who did nothing but eat lunch. He ate lunch with Sessions, and after eating lunch with Sessions, Sessions had to recuse.
It was Kislyak who had all those meetings with Michael Flynn and, afterwards, Michael Flynn ends up being charged with perjury and his life is destroyed, his family is threatened. He's financially wiped out by Mueller and his team. So what Miss Kelly has done here is done some extensive research and found out that this guy Kislyak was all over the Obama Oval Office in October and November and December 2016! It was in December 2016 that he meets with Flynn.
There were phone calls before that. In other words, her piece here today explores the possibilities that Kislyak was as much a part of this conspiracy as was the FBI and Steele, and that he may have been sanctioned or was being given orders from the White House. I'll share the details with this. So I've got three things I gotta get into here now before the program ends. That is, a liberal think tank driving the 2020 Democrat Party to crack down on Big Tech, "Millennials Face the Greatest Hardships from Toxic Economic Conditions..." They're being like end to being canaries in a coal mine. It's really, really, really, really, really bad economically for Millennials. Now this: Sergey Kislyak perhaps an Obama stooge as the Russians and Obama conspired against Trump.
This article originally appeared on Premiere Networks
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About Lupus
What Causes Lupus?
Types of Lupus
Diagnosing Lupus
Managing Lupus
Making Lifestyle Changes
The Outlook for Lupus
A healthy immune system produces proteins called antibodies that normally protect the body against bacteria and viruses that cause infections. But when someone has lupus, the immune system can't tell the difference between the body's healthy cells and bacteria and viruses, so the antibodies attack the body's healthy cells.
Although the cause of lupus is unknown, researchers think that many factors may trigger the disease.
Genetics might play a role. Some people may have a genetic predisposition to lupus that is then activated by an infection, certain medications, or extreme physical or emotional stress. The hormone estrogen also may play a role and could help explain why it's more common in females than males.
Cutaneous (or skin) lupus, which usually affects only the skin and is characterized by a rash on the scalp, legs, or arms. The rash has sharply defined patches and can be raised from the skin.
There are two types of cutaneous lupus: discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), which can cause scarring; and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE), which doesn't cause scars. Discoid lupus affects approximately 15% of all lupus patients, but is rare in children. Occasionally, discoid lupus occurs with systemic lupus.
Drug-induced lupus, which accounts for about 10% of all lupus cases, occurs as a reaction to specific kinds of medications. In kids, anti-seizure medications, thyroid medications, and acne medications can cause lupus. The symptoms are similar to those of the systemic form, but are usually milder and go away after the medication is stopped.
In addition to those symptoms, patients with lupus often have fever, weakness, fatigue, or weight loss. They may experience muscle aches, loss of appetite, swollen glands, hair loss, or abdominal pain, which can be accompanied by nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting.
Sometimes the fingers, toes, nose, or ears will be particularly sensitive to cold and will turn blue and white in cold temperatures, a condition known as Raynaud's phenomenon.
For day-to-day muscle and joint pain, patients can take acetaminophen or any of a variety of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen.
Almost all patients with lupus take antimalarial drugs (medicines first developed to prevent and treat malaria that also have proved helpful with lupus). Antimalarial drugs often help treat skin rashes and joint pain, and help prevent coronary artery disease and the involvement of other organ systems in lupus.
Some children who also have kidney disease, very low blood cell counts, or other organ involvement, may require more aggressive treatment with immunosuppressive drugs, which lower the body's immune system responses.
In 2011, belimumab was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of lupus, especially for arthritis, rashes, and fatigue.
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Lamar Odom Kicked Out Of BIG3 Basketball League
posted by Peyton Blakemore - Jul 11, 2019
Lamar Odom's BIG3 journey has come to an end.
According to TMZ, the legendary Lakers player's return to basketball came to screeching halt after he was kicked out of Ice Cube's professional basketball league following one game.
BIG3 announced the news on Wednesday (July 10), saying, Lamar as well as Baron Davis, Jermaine O'Neal and Bonzi Wells, would be "deactivated" for the remainder of the 2019 season. As for why LO — who was a player of the "Enemies," playing alongside Gilbert Arenas and Royce White — didn't make the cut, sources told the entertainment news site, the retired NBA star "was nervous about being embarrassed on the court because he wasn't prepared to compete with his fellow ex-NBA hoopers and there was little hope it would work out." A second insider added, Lamar just wasn't ready to play.
Following the league's announcement, Ice Cube shed additional light on the situation, telling TMZ, "We want players that are actually playing." He added, players who aren't playing or who "can't play" or have "health issues" that prevent them from playing shouldn't be a part of the BIG3 organization. When asked if he was concerned about Lamar, given his difficult history, Cube replied, "Always, I love the guy."
While Lamar has had a tough few years, 2019 has been a comeback year of sorts for the 39-year-old. In May, he released a telling memoir — that went on to become a New York Times bestseller — and said that while he was still fighting addition, he was winning.
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Home » Japan entered a new type of war
Phil Uman
A "quiet" war between Japan and South Korea can destroy an entire industry, and most important for modern industry. At least, it is precisely such conclusions that can be drawn from the extremely drastic decision that Tokyo made in response to the outcome of the trials in South Korea. And the occasion was the events of the Second World War
The cause of aggravation of relations between Japan and South Korea was a long-standing dispute. It concerns the period of the Japanese occupation of Korea, which lasted almost from 1910 to 1945.
The history of oppression and compensation
At that time, the then united Korea did not have sovereignty, and all power on the Korean peninsula belonged to the Japanese governor-general. This period was marked in Korea by rapid urban growth, an almost twofold increase in life expectancy (from 23.5 to 43 years), widespread introduction of modern primary education and the formation of modern Korean culture and industry - but the last decade of the Japanese occupation of Korea was not unclouded.
Throughout the entire period of Japanese rule, also referred to in Japan and Korea as a “tessen,” Koreans were subjected to various forms of discrimination. In addition, after Japan’s entry into the war against China, and then into World War II, Koreans were massively mobilized and forced to work hard at Japanese enterprises in Korea.
In 1965, the Republic of Korea entered into a single compensation agreement with Japan for all claims related to the colonial period. Under this agreement, Japan agreed to pay $ 300 million in reparations (which were called “economic aid”) and provided another $ 500 million in loans.
However, the 1965 agreement did not regulate the issue of individual claims against Japan from Korean citizens, and here, as often happens in interstate relations, each side had its own opinion. According to the South Korean side, the intergovernmental agreement did not take into account individual claims. But Japan insisted that the phrase that “any claims in relations between countries are resolved definitively,” which was included in the agreement, also applies to any citizen of the Republic of Korea.
The question of individual compensations quietly "smoldered" for almost half a century. The situation sharply worsened in the fall of 2018, when the Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea decided to pay compensation to four former employees of a Japanese company (only one of whom was alive) for a claim against Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal. Japan refused to admit this lawsuit and stated that it would not implement the decision of the Korean court.
Apparently, the issue of compensation for the colonial period will not be so easy to settle down again. After all, this is not about the individual lawsuit of 98-year-old Lee Chun Shik, who claims to be paid 100 million won (about 90 thousand dollars). Japan fears that the decision of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea will become a dangerous precedent for which not only former employees of Japanese companies in Korea, but their relatives and heirs can claim compensation, as happened in the lawsuit of Lee Chun Shik himself, who defended not only his interests, but also the interests of their colleagues.
From here, the sharpest reaction of Japan in this seemingly insignificant question is understandable. On July 1, the Japanese government approved export sanctions for a variety of chemical materials critical to the production of semiconductor products — photoresist, fluorinated polyimide, and etching hydrogen fluoride. And this directly concerns the supply of these substances to South Korea.
Invisible to the world blockade
What are the mentioned photoresist, fluorinated polyimide and pickling hydrogen fluoride? If you do not go into a lot of technical details, then these are chemically pure substances that are used during the manufacture of semiconductor chips, printed circuit boards and LED screens. The market for these chemical compounds is small in physical terms, however, it is significant in cost - in 2018 only photoresist of various brands was sold for about $ 9 billion.
In addition, if for fluorinated polyimide and hydrogen fluoride only its chemical purity is important (these are fairly simple compounds), then for the photoresist the situation looks much more complicated. This chemical component is practically tightly embedded in the technical process and its exact formulas represent the know-how of the manufacturers. Therefore, the South Korean giants, such as Samsung or SK Hynix, really will not envy. For decades they have been working on thin and capricious technological processes, taking into account a certain brand of photoresist, which can now become at least difficult for them.
The situation is further complicated by the fact that Japanese companies such as JSR, TOK Semiconductor, Fujifilm and Shin-Etsu Chemical have practically monopolized the market of the thinnest semiconductor photoresist and dominate the photoresist market for TFT / LCD displays. Formally, the fast-growing Chinese market specializes only in “rough” photoresist for the manufacture of printed circuit boards, and, moreover, is itself controlled by foreign companies, and Japanese as well. Therefore, the only real alternative for South Korean companies is the products of the American concern Dow Chemical. However, the process of changing the photoresist in the debugged process can take years, and stocks of Japanese supplies can run out in up to two to three months.
So far, the confrontation between Japan and South Korea is far from over. Thus, the South Korean government announced that it would file a complaint with the WTO, since it considers Japan’s actions a violation of the rules of world trade.
Japan’s comment is different. Her representative said that such measures are in compliance with WTO standards and are being taken to ensure national security, since the components for the semiconductor industry technology can be applied for military purposes - and export regulations are completely legal for them.
However, "legal ping-pong" should not be misleading. From a sudden trade war between Japan and South Korea, several fundamental conclusions can be drawn at once.
Firstly, it is already absolutely clear that the slowdown of the global economy again brings to the surface the seemingly forgotten agenda of political confrontation. At the moment of general growth, any political disagreement is retouched and softened - since international economic cooperation offers much more long-term benefits than a “small victorious war”. Today, the benefits of future economic growth are at least not obvious - and the issue of geopolitical confrontation is again on the agenda, in which the economy is not “the king of the hill”, but just one of the tools.
The second factor is the dependence of countries on each other within the global economy.
Today, almost any large enterprise depends to some extent on the international market.
And finally, the third factor is the hidden monopolization of significant sectors of the global technology market. The powerful blow to Huawei, which threatened to bury the entire mobile business of this Chinese IT giant, was dealt with such hidden monopolists who own a critical set of patents, licenses, technologies and designs. Exactly in the same way Japan struck South Korea.
It can be said that we are entering a period of "high-tech wars" - for which the events of the Second World War serve in this case. It’s just that the weapon in them will not be lasers or robots, but patents, licenses, technologies and monopoly in the global market.
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SAUDI ARABIA at COP 24
THE GCC PAVILION
KSA ENTITIES
NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY PROGRAM
SAUDI ARABIA AT COP24
GCC SIDE EVENTS
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Water & Wastewater Challenges in the Gulf Region
Illustrating Leadership and Environmental Stewardship in GCC Regional Efforts in Their Adaptation Actions Through: Water Conservation and Water & Wastewater Management.
Watch IISD video coverage
Senior Engineer Energy and Sustainability, SABIC
Time : 13:00 - 14:00
Location : GCC Pavilion
MORE ABOUT THIS EVENT
Water Challenges and Adaptation Measures
Saudi Arabia is a nation with absolute water scarcity. Saudi Aramco has been long working on water conservation efforts for a sustainable future: maximize wastewater reuse, enhance water supply sustainability, optimize water demand, and minimize water losses. The presentation shows the importance of water and wastewater challenges of Saudi Aramco with adaptation and mitigations efforts to tackle challenges and support climate change initiative.
SPEAKER : Nasser Al-Harbi
Division Head for Environmental Coordination Division,
Environmental Protection Department, SAUDI ARAMCO
Solar Based Desalination Technologies
Energy consumption is a major cost of desalination, accounting for more than 1/3 of the cost of water in modern plants, and energy use also represents the major environmental impact of desalination. The estimated direct carbon footprint of desalination worldwide is roughly 120 million metric tons annually and is expected to grow unless low-carbon options are implemented. Available renewable and desalination technologies can be effectively combined to reduce desalination’s global warming potential in the near term. Integrating desalination with low-carbon grids at large-scale provide grid services, such as significant flexible load or demand response, possibly helping to flatten demand and act as a counterpoint to intermittent supply. Integration of desalination at small-scale can provide clean water in areas of transient or sustained water scarcity with limited or non-existent grids.
SPEAKER : Thomas Altmann
Assistant Director, ACWA POWER
Growing more Food with less Water
Drylandsinhabit ~2.5 billion people and span over 40% of the land surface – from California to the Middle East and Western Australia. Up until four decades ago, hot and arid regions remained under-utilized for irrigated agriculture because of the lack of water resources. However, desert soils could also bloom with greenery, if sufficiently irrigated. Currently,groundwater resources are exploited in drylands globally towards producing food and affording gardens, green terraces, orchards, and green road corridors towards enhancing the living experience. For instance, in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, irrigated agriculture yields a variety of grains, vegetables, fruits, and fodder crops, but at the expense of ~80% of the total freshwater consumption. Due to the lack of recharge of groundwater in those regions, the unsustainable trends of excessive withdrawals cannot continue. In response, the National Transformation Program (Vision 2030)of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia aspires to reduce the agricultural water consumption by ~50% and to improve the productivity of high-value crops, including vegetables, fruits, and dates1. Thus, innovative agricultural technologies are needed to improve the irrigation efficiency in hot and dry regions, primarily due to the loss of water through evaporation due to high temperatures and winds. In response, we have invented Super Sand, an eco-friendly, inexpensive, super-water-repellent materialcomprising common sand and paraffin wax2. When Super Sandis placed on topsoil as a ~5 mm thick layer, as a mulch, it significantly impedes the evaporative loss of water, which enhances the plant growth and yield and lowers salt stress, if any. Our greenhouse and field-scale experiments with tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) crops in Western Saudi Arabia have demonstrated nearly 72% enhancement in crop yields by this approach in comparison to the unmulched cases. We are now producing thousands of kilograms of Super Sandper week in our KAUST laboratory towards extensive field trials with crops and trees in the Middle East. In the long term, we expect this technology to increase food production and improve irrigation efficiencies in agriculture and city greening in hot, arid regions.
SPEAKER : Himanshu Mishra
Professor, Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC)
Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division, KAUST
Sustainable Development for an Attainable Future
Explore the developments in smart cities and planned industrial communities across the GCC and their role in driving balanced economic growth and sustainable living.
Uthman Al-Zahrani
Senior Manager, SABIC
Al-Zour LNG Import Project
Kuwait Integrated Petroleum Industries Company, KIPIC, builds a new regasification plant through the Al-Zour LNG Import Project, to supply natural gas to Kuwait national grid. Natural Gas is becoming an increasingly important fuel in the generation of electricity, as the reliable clear energy choice.Liquefied natural gas import facility will be responsible for , importing , vaporizing and distributing high quality gas up to 3,000 BBTU of liquefied natural gas per day. The engineering, procurement and construction started in May 2016, and the terminal is expected to be commissioned by September 2020.The project will have environmental and economical impact ,since natural gas has a competitive advantages as one of the lowest emitting and most versatile new power generation fuel types.
SPEAKER : Fawaz Alomair
Safety Engineer, Kuwait Integrated Petroleum Industry Company (KIPIC)
SABIC is a main contributor in the kingdom sustainability efforts to ensure the Kingdom continues to become more self-sufficient and secure.
SABIC is leading the privet sector efforts in sustainability and in realization of SDGs in KSA.
SABIC recycles waste from its own manufacturing processes for use as secondary raw materials, by capturing the CO2 from the world’s largest CO2capture and purification unit (Jubail, KSA) and using it as feedstock to produce valuable products such as fertilizers and methanol.
SABIC has embedded five sustainability priorities into the core business strategy and align it with SDGs :
Carbon efficiency, renewable energy, circular economy, portfolio assessment & design, sustainable growth–both autonomous and through M&A
SABIC is consistently striving forever better performance in environmental and social responsibility:
Resource efficiency, energy reduction, cleaner air and water, improved food security and enhanced quality of life for everyone.
SPEAKER : Saleh Al-Ansari
Senior Engineer Sustainability, SABIC
MEGA Projects Sustainability Optimization and Development
Sabic is a leading petrochemical producer globally and in doing so keeps on adding new production facilities or debottleneck existing ones. Sabic prioritizes efficient use of Energy and capital resources, this enables us to achieve best in class performance and compliance to the statutory requirements. Over the years, Sabic has developed a project energy and sustainability assessment. This ensures complying with major KPI’s related to GHG emissions, Energy conservation, material effectiveness and water optimization in our day-to-day operations. Embedding energy and sustainability performance into the project life cycle brings out the best in class operations of the new asset and motivates further improvement of the existing ones that enables us to minimize and have a controlled impact on environmental footprint.
SPEAKER : Muhammad Nadeem
Youth Climate Mentorship Program – Key Achievements since COP23 and Future Prospects
The Youth Climate Mentorship Program was launched at COP 23 with the aim to increase youth capacity in UN climate negotiations and national climate change related policy development processes. The program is designed and coordinated in partnership with the Youth Climate Lab and the Government of the United Arab Emirates. This solutions-oriented program connects and engages youth with negotiators, policy-makers, high- level government representatives and international organizations by providing youth with meaningful opportunities in policy research and solutions development through mentorship. The program also facilitates collaboration and knowledge exchange among the participants. At the side event, participants and partner organizations will report back on the main achievements and discuss prospects for future activities.
Organized by: UAE Ministry of Climate Change and Environment and The Youth Climate Lab.
Emission to Value: Creating Value from CO2
GCC Countries will share efforts, progress and perspectives on future market potential for CO2 capture, transportation and conversion into feedstock, value adding processes and utilization in a broader range of industries, including chemicals, cement manufacturing and other specific examples from application industries.
Henk Hendrix
Sr. Specialist Energy & Sustainability, SABIC
CO2-EOR Demonstration Project
The presentation provides major highlights of Saudi Aramco’s CO2 EOR Demonstration Project with more focus on the elaborate monitoring & surveillance (M&S) program that was put in place to determine volume of sequestered CO2, plume evolution, containment of CO2 and incremental oil recovery. The presentation starts with an overview on Saudi Aramco’s environmental stewardship activities; one of which is Carbon Management that has resulted in the CO2 EOR Demonstration Project. It is worth mentioning that EOR is not needed at production scale for decades to come in Saudi Arabia. The project is a long-term resource planning strategy for the company and an approach to protect the environment. It is the 1stof its kind in the kingdom and one of the largest in the Middle East. CO2 is captured, dehydrated, compressed and transported from an anthropogenic gas plant to the injection site through an 85 km pipeline at a rate of 800,000 tons of CO2 per year.
The project went through several development stages including screening and selection studies, laboratory studies to generate needed data, simulation studies to develop appropriate well design, drilling and tying-in wells, and implementing monitoring and surveillance program. A major milestone was achieved in 2015 with the commencement of CO2 injection for a 4-5 year evaluation period.
The innovative monitoring and surveillance program that was put in place is then highlighted including the permanent seismic monitoring, cross-well and borehole to surface electromagnetic, borehole and surface gravity, tracers, geochemical analysis and fiber optic distributed acoustic sensor (DAS) / distributed temperature sensor (DTS). The project is also operated with a state-of-the-art intelligent field system where all wells have been instrumented with surface and subsurface sensors and meters to monitor and track operations around the clock. Data are collected in real time and routed to qualified experts in our headquarters to evaluate and act.
The project has received several awards since its commencement. Most recently, it was awarded the HSE initiative of the year by Oil and Gas Middle East. The project is also recognized by the Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF) and has been a platform for innovation and knowledge dissemination with 4 granted patents, 29 patent disclosures, 82 conference papers and 35 journal papers.
SPEAKER : Ammar Al-Shehri
Petroleum Engineer, EXPEC ARC, SAUDI ARAMCO
Fueling the Future
In 2013, the estimated world population of 7.14 billion people consumed 13.6 Gtoe of energy (at an average rate of 18.0 TW). Globally, burning of carbon-based fossil fuels supplies over 81% of the energy demand, and hence the prospering industrial societies are responsible for the observed increase in carbon dioxide levels form preindustrial 280 ppm to the record high of 409.5 ppm measured this year. The constantly increasing atmospheric CO2concentration is highly likely to result in global warming, sea level rise and ocean acidification.
To reduce the environmental footprint of modern societies and address the limitations of fossil recourses, the projected increase in global energy demand must go along with the implementation of carbon neutral energy production and carrier systems. In this presentation, the current energy status and future options will be discussed. It will then be followed with the introduction of our research efforts in addressing related energy issues. The efficient and safe decomposition of formic acid as a promising energy carrier has become increasingly important.
Although formic acid contains only 4.4 wt % H2, because of its high density of 1.22 g/cm3, one liter of formic acid contains 53 g of H2, an equivalent to an energy density of 1.77 kW·h/L exceeding those of commercial 70 MPa hydrogen pressure tanks and hence may be suitable for automotive and mobile applications. We have developed ruthenium based catalysts containing unique ligands for the selective decomposition of formic acid to H2 and CO2in water in the absence of any organic additives. A practical turnover frequency up to 12,000 per hour and a turnover number greater than one million were achieved.
Efficient production of high-pressure gas of 24.0 MPa (3480 psi) without the formation of CO, was demonstrated. A prototype model car was built; and the commercial model of formic acid-based power generator is introduced.
SPEAKER : Kuo-Wei Huang
Professor of Chemical Science,
Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, KAUST
Emissions to Value
SPEAKER : Dr. Tidjani Niass
Research Science Consultant,
Technology Strategy and Planning Department, SAUDI ARAMCO
Novel Routes in CO2 Utilization: a Sustainable Approach
Power generation from combustion of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide (CO2) and contributes to rising greenhouse gas (GHG) levels in the atmosphere. Designing efficient and cost-effective processes for CO2capture and reuse would help to reduce GHG emissions and provide an opportunity to turn CO2into a feedstock for valuable products, such as chemicals and polymers or its incorporation into pre-existing products. Currently, many of the feedstocks for the most widely used commodity chemicals are driven from sources such as fossil fuels with no solution to the emission released from the process.
The kingdom of Saudi Arabia aspires in its 2030 vision towards localizing renewable energy and working on opportunities to positively impact GHG emissions, CO2utilization and economic returns.
SABIC has been a strong supporter of Saudi Arabia’s participation in Mission Innovation-MI (a global initiative of 22 countries and the European Union to dramatically accelerate global clean energy innovation) ever since it was launched at the 21st Conference of the Paris (COP21) in November 2015. Carbon Capture Innovation Challenge is one of the MI initiatives, which is co-led by USA and Saudi Arabia where SABIC is part of the Saudi Arabia team. SABIC is currently working to develop several technologies to produce products by unconventional routes using CO2, which offer a net CO2and waste reductions. SABIC has built the world’s largest CO2purification plant (500 kta of high purity CO2) to increase its methanol and urea production capacity. CO2 injection into the methanol converter process is expected to increase the CO2utilization by more than 10%. The recently novel catalyst, for methanol production, developed by SABIC, showed high tolerance for more than 12% of CO2 in the feed (e.g., 1.4 MT of CO2 to produce 1 MT of methanol).
SABIC also develop a technology for CO/H2 generation from Sulphur and CO2and water. The expected outcome from this technology is reducing CO2using ‘S’ to produce CO and SO2, produce H2by water gas shift reaction and utilize SO2in H2SO4production.
Moreover, SABIC promotes opportunities to researchers and expand the collaboration with key stakeholders (e.g., government, private sectors, etc.) for the development of breakthrough CO2utilization technologies. SABIC is also collaborating with several local and international universities to develop technologies, using CO2, for chemicals and polymers production as well as to improve the energy efficiency of its current production plants.
SPEAKER : Dr. Khalid Albahily
SABIC CRD-KAUST Site Director, SABIC
Energy Efficiency Applications within the Gulf Region
Fast-tracking effective implementation in national priority areas: Speakers will focus on energy efficiency & resource management, reform & diversification to extract greater national value and deliver sustainable development.
Adel Al-Ghamdi
Flare & Relief Systems Specialist, SAUDI ARAMCO
SAUDI ARAMCO Energy Management Program
Saudi Arabia is the world’s largest oil exporter, supplying one in every eight barrels to the global market to help fuel the planet’s economy. Oil revenues have improved living standards for millions in Saudi Arabia over the past decades, and as a result, energy demand has risen thanks to an expanding economy. However, it triggered societal expectations for comprehensive approaches on energy efficiency within the Saudi Arabia. Saudi Aramco’s history is rich of remarkable efforts in the energy efficiency.
In 2000 the Energy Conservation Policy was created and the Energy Management Program was established. In 2006, our high efficiency Co-Gen facilities have been providing sufficient power to operating facilities and exporting additional power to the national grid.In 2007, the energy Key Performance Index (KPI) has been established to track the impact of the energy efficiency efforts. Recently, online KPI solution has been rolled out, which allowed the operating facilities to monitor, track and report their energy KPI daily. The Lead-By-Example (LBE) is another corporate initiative geared to promote energy efficiency at the national level bytargeting a 35% reduction in energy consumption in our buildings, transportation, and communities by 2020.
The LBE has six focus areas, namely HVAC, lighting, homes and building envelop, water heaters, transportation and smart meters. So far, half million lights were replaced in homes, buildings and streetlight. Also, more than 5000 V8 vehicles were replaced with more efficient V6. Also, a total of 3000 steel fuel-hauling tankers were converted to aluminum. The total LBE annual savings is well over one million barrels of oil equivalent, which translates into 500 million KWh of electrical power, enough to power 5,000 average Saudi homes for one year. Also, more than 350 thousands metric tons of CO2emissions is mitigated, which the equivalent of removing 60,000 cars off Saudi roads for one year.
SPEAKER : Saleh Al-Qahtani
P&CSD Supervisor, SAUDI ARAMCO
SABIC Energy and Resource Efficiency Efforts
As part of SABIC’s strategic Sustainability program, SABIC Manufacturing started a holistic program to optimize the Sustainability performance by improving experience and knowledge, awareness and culture change related to Sustainability.
Some of the strategic items that will be presented during this presentation during the COP 24, are described below:
Design and implementation of the SABIC Energy Management program
Basis for designing an Energy Management system
Describing of the key parties which are involved as part of this program
Impacting the Manufacturing organization
Developing and execution of an Industry dedicated SABIC certified Energy Expert program
Why to design a dedicated Energy Expert training and added value
Key players for development and participants
Which areas are being touched by this training
Configuring and designing of Site Energy Optimizers
What is a Site Energy Optimizer?
Expected benefits
Roll out program
Creating and developing of a SABIC wide renewable strategy
Approaching renewables
Why to execute a renewable strategy?
Giving an example of a dedicated Sustainability project
Describing of implemented example to swap coal firing to gas
Impact of Cogen replacement of coal firing
SPEAKER : Henk Hendrix
The Saudi Energy Efficiency Program
The presentation shed light on the efforts done by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia towards energy efficiency, where the Saudi Energy Efficiency Program was established in 2012 with an objective of streamlining and increasing the efficiency of energy consumption across the Kingdom.
The presentation highlights the activities and initiatives done within the program since the establishment, which have addressed three main sectors that represent collaboratively around 90% of the domestic energy consumption. The Saudi Energy Program has successfully designed and executing more than 35 energy efficiency initiatives across the Kingdom, that contribute in achieving the program’s target by 2030. Additionally, the Saudi Energy Program efforts and achievements play a role in contributing to the Kingdom’s economic diversification through increased business opportunities in current markets in addition to creating new sectors in the areas of energy efficiency.
SPEAKER : Raed Al-Shneiber
Energy Efficiency Standardization and Methodology Specialist,
Saudi Energy Efficiency Center (SEEC)
Shipping Industry and the Environment Challenges & KOTC Contribution to Environment Protection
SPEAKER : Bader Al Najjar
Team Leader Fleet Engineering Group,
Kuwait Oil Tanker Company (KOTC)
Session on the Establishment
of the World Green Economy Organization (WGEO)
The objective of the “Session on the Establishment of the World Green Economy Organization (WGEO)” is to promote and accelerate the transition to a new model of growth, while recognizing the urgency on climate change in meeting global development challenges. The session will provide an overview of WGEO core functions, innovative features related the agreement on the establishment as a multi-stakeholder institution concentrating on the implementation of tangible programs and projects on the ground. The session will appeal to high-level officials from governments, international development agencies and the private sector.
Organized by: WGEO
R&D for Climate Solutions
Focusing on Research and Development Approaches for mitigating climate change in a low carbon fossil fuel based economy.
Dr. Tidjani Niass
Clean Combustion Technologies that Valorize CO2
Combustion is one of the most critical technologies for human mobility and power; however there is need to innovate combustion technologies in a carbon constrained world. Modifications and improvements in combustion technology can lower CO2emissions and also create new streams to valorize CO2.
This presentation will cover various clean combustion technologies in the stationary power generation and transportation sectors that could be used to create highly pure streams of CO2for either utilization or sequestration. The fundamental technical barriers to realize these technologies will also be presented. Of particular interest is power generation using aturbine-based oxy-fuel combustion in supercritical CO2. Several thermodynamic cycles have been proposed, but the Allam cycle appear to be the most promising in terms of maximum achievable efficiency (59%). In the Allam cycle the fuel, typically natural gas, burns at stoichiometry with CO2diluted oxygen, and under complete combustion produces only water and CO2.
The cycle is closed, and there are no smokestack, and all the extra carbon is sequestered. Significant advancements in the understanding of combustion physics at these extreme conditions is necessary to enable this groundbreaking technology. The Clean Combustion Research Center (CCRC) has launched a new ambitious research program to tackle the key research challenges, and contribute to the development of this novel technology. The efforts include new facilities, diagnostics, kinetic and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models for oxy-combustion in CO2environments at these extreme pressures.
SPEAKER : Dr. Mani Sarathy
Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering
Associate Director of the Clean Combustion Research Center (CCRC), KAUST
Fifty years of CO2-EOR history: Lesson-learned, Challenges and Opportunities
The ongoing accumulation of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere from various anthropogenic sources is believed to be the primary cause of the increasing earth’s surface temperature. CO2 is the most significant GHG where the top anthropogenic sources of CO2 emissions are related to electricity generation and stationary industry sectors powered by fossil fuels. Among other technologies, carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is expected to play a key role in addressing the GHG emission challenges. Since the early days of the oil and gas industry, CO2 injection in oilfields has been recognized to be an effective method for enhanced oil recovery (EOR).
However, the worldwide CO2-EOR implementations remain modest. In this talk, the 50-year history of CO2-EOR is reviewed where we highlight the key attributes of successes and failures. The recovery benefits and the challenges of CO2-EOR in relation to CO2 capture, transportation, and oil displacement in the subsurface are discussed. We close with some thoughts regarding the role of the oil and gas industry in capitalizing on this opportunity by promoting CCUS as a win-win technology.
SPEAKER : Dr. Hussein Hoteit
Associate Professor in Reservoir Engineering, ANPERC, KAUST
Key Technology Solutions to meet the Climate Change Challenges
Saudi Arabia believes that technology-enabled solutions can disrupt the threats of climate change. Adaptation to the possible impacts will require considerable innovation and technologies can curb the growing consequences of climate change. The Kingdom is pursuing technology innovations specifically on greenhouse gas management, green-energy technology efficiencies and renewable energies in particular. The Kingdom established a technology roadmap that encompass five key areas: (i) capturing fixed sources, (ii) CO2 reduction from automobile sources (iii) industrial applications for polymers, carbon fiber, construction materials and chemicals, (iv) carbon dioxide storage in saline water aquifers, (v) and carbon capture, utilization, and storage. In addition, the Kingdom is embracing heavy investments for developing and implementing a renewable energy program as well as energy efficiency technology program in air-conditioning and thermal insulation processes. The Kingdom is currently active at the national level through specialized science and technology cities, universities, centres, nationally owned companies as well as the private sector in promoting R&D in these focus areas. Collaboration in these focus areas are encouraged with international research centres to advance innovation in the clean energy technology domain through Mission Innovation channels.
SPEAKER : Dr. Mohammed Alshamsi
Deputy Director for Life Science & Environmental Research Institute (LSERI)
Assistant Professor of Civil & Environmental Engineering in National Centre for Environmental Technology, KACST
Oil & Gas Technology to address Climate Change Challenges
Illustration of Oil & Gas Technologies in Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) towards combating the effects of Climate Change and raise resilience for Response Measures. (Partnership with OAPEC )
Saleh Al-Qahtani
Location : Warmia - Hall G
SAUDI ARAMCO Flaring Minimization Program
This presentation will demonstrate one of Saudi Aramco’s distinctive efforts towards environmental protection by presenting its success story of flaring minimization Program (FMP) and methane reduction. The presentation will illustrate the three components of the FMP: (Master Gas System, Corporate Flaring Roadmap, and Saudi Aramco’s effort towards Near Zero Flaring); highlighting the investment made, and the results achieved by the program. The subject will also demonstrate how the implementation of the FMP in-house program which has enabled the company to recover near 99% of its total gas produced while reducing CO2 emission by more than 98 million metric tons per annum.
The presentation will also demonstrate how the in-house flaring monitoring solution became patented and also globally available for utilization by Oil & Gas industries. The remarkable Saudi Aramco’s flaring minimization program’s achievement was recognized by The Global Gas Flaring Reduction (GGFR) as well as the World Bank for its pioneer role in flaring reduction.
SPEAKER : Adel Al-Ghamdi
Creating Value from CO2
Global energy demand continues to rise, and the general consensus is that hydrocarbons will be a substantial part of the energy mix as renewables expand in scope. In order to capitalize on the large energy density of hydrocarbons, carbon capture, utilization and sequestration (CCUS) technologies are needed to manage CO2emissions. CO2utilization, particularly, has the potential to convert CO2to a valuable commodity, offsetting the capture cost and creating economic value.
This presentation will give an overview of the opportunities offered by CO2utilization technologies and Saudi Aramco’s R&D efforts to create novel materials and processes to unlock the value of CO2.
SPEAKER : Yasmeen Aldawsari
R&D Centre – Carbon Management Division, SAUDI ARAMCO
Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) Technologies
The Feasibility of CCUS Technologies in the Oil and Gas Markets and Their Potential Impact on Climate Change Reduction Strategies.
Dr. Hussein Hoteit
Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage: a Critical Technology for Achieving Climate Targets
Making CCS fly
SPEAKER : Jim Herbertson
Technical Director, Climate and Energy
IPIECA, London, UK
SABIC Approach to Corporate Carbon Management
As the largest listed company in the Middle East, Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC) is a leader in sustainability and climate change management.
This presentation outlines the company approach to climate change that is the basis of its comprehensive carbon management strategy.
It describes some of the world class projects as well as GHG reduction achievements not only within its boundaries but also in broader supply chain and product life cycle framework.
SPEAKER : Zaour Israfilof
Climate Change and CDM Specialist, SABIC
Renewable Energy Initiatives through Economic Diversification with Mitigation Co-benefits
Illustrating GCC countries current and future renewable energy projects as a means of Economic Diversification with mitigation co-benefits
Dr. Mani Sarathy
Al-Dibdibah Solar Project
His Highness the Amir of the State of Kuwait, Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, has called for 15% of Kuwait’s electricity needs to be comprised of renewable energy by 2030. Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (KPC), along with its subsidiaries will support this vision by developing Al-Dibdibah Solar Power Plant to achieve this production target by 2021. As per directive from KPC, Kuwait National Petroleum Company (KNPC) is assigned the responsibility to implement Al-Dibdibah project on behalf of the K-Companies.
Al-Dibdibah Solar Power Plant will be 1.5GWac, will generate 3,150 Gigawatt hours in year 25 of operation, and will occupy an area of 32 km2. Further, it will be erected in AlShagaya Renewable Energy Park.
The project will cause the reduction of 2.1 millions tons of CO2 emissions per year and cause fuel savings of 6.2 million barrels per year.
The technology to be used in the project will be the most advanced photovoltaic (PV) technology in the market, giving Bidders freedom as long as Project Requirements are met. Further, having five sub-plants, each will have a high voltage substation to increase the voltage coming from the inverters to 400 kilovolts.
The project will provide positive economic impacts by supporting local communities and create employment and training opportunities for Kuwaiti Nationals. It will also promote local and foreign sector investment and participation, initiating future growth in the renewable energy sector in Kuwait.
For the execution of this project, the most reputable and experienced international companies/developers of the world are invited to tender for Al-Dibdibah Solar Project. Contract award is anticipated to occur in the first quarter of 2019.
SPEAKER : Sulaiman Altaneeb
Projects Engineer, Kuwait National Petroleum Company (KNPC)
Saudi Arabia’s National Renewable Energy Program (NREP), overseen by the Kingdom’s Ministry of Energy, Industry, and Mineral Resources (MEIM), is a long term, strategic initiative that directly supports the Kingdom’s Vision 2030.
The program, implemented by the Ministry’s Renewable Energy Project Development Office (REPDO), has set out a systematic and targeted roadmap to rapidly diversify the Kingdom’s domestic power supply.
Through diversifying Saudi Arabia’s energy mix, the NREP will not only reduce the Kingdom’s dependence on oil and its greenhouse gas emissions as part of the Paris Agreement; it will also enable job creation and catalyze economic development across the Kingdom, supporting long-term prosperity in line with Vision 2030’s goals. The NREP will lead the creation of a new renewable energy technology industry and support the build-up of this promising sector through harnessing private sector investment and encouraging public-private partnerships.
In 2018 under the NREP, Saudi Arabia has successfully launched two renewable energy projects in the northern region of Al-Jouf: Sakaka, a 300 MW solar PV powerplant, awarded to AWCA Power, will break ground in November 2018; and the Dumat Al-Jandal 400 MW onshore wind project which will be awarded in December 2018.
SPEAKER : Mohammed Al-Musbeh
Renewable Energy Project Development Office (REPDO)
SABIC's Innovative Solutions for Renewable Energy and Resources
SABIC, as a global leader in petrochemicals, is a key player of renewable energy by supplying SABIC’s energy materials to suppliers world-wide and by implementing energy-efficient processes using renewable feedstock in chemical plants.
This continuous effort will globally result in a novel paradigm of renewable energy industries, which is strongly aligned with the goals of Saudi Vision 2030 as well as the global business and sustainability. In this presentation, several successful examples will be introduced, such as SABIC’s energy materials, feedstock and sustainability.
© 2018 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia at COP 24 - Design by 4C for Ministry of Energy, Industry & Mineral Resources of Saudi Arabia. All rights reserved.
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Home European Leagues Jakub Skarek Scouting Report: 2018 NHL Draft #61
Jakub Skarek Scouting Report: 2018 NHL Draft #61
BUFFALO, NY - JANUARY 05: Jakub Skarek #1 of Czech Republic defends his net against Kieffer Bellows #23 of United States who was hooked on the play and awarded a penalty shot during the second period of play in the IIHF World Junior Championships Bronze Medal game at KeyBank Center on January 5, 2018 in Buffalo, New York. (Photo by Nicholas T. LoVerde/Getty Images)
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The 2018 NHL Draft is not known as a strong draft for goalies. That said, Jakub Skarek is every bit deserving of being at the top of the class. The Czech-born goaltender was excellent in the Extraliga this season, playing against men. He played 21 games for HC Dukla Jihlava putting up a 2.41 goals against average and a .921 save percentage. He also played 10 games in the second division, dominating with a 1.90 goals against average and .942 save percentage. Unforutnately, HC Dukla Jihlava saw themselves relegated to the second division. This has led to Skarek transferring to Pelicans in Finland for next season. He will take on improved competition in the SM-Liiga.
Skarek played for the Czechs at the World Juniors. His team was overmatched and his numbers suffered as a result. In five games, Skarek had a 5.19 goals against average and .848 save percentage. Things went better at the 2017 summer Ivan Hlinka tournament. Skarek put up a 1.92 goals against average and .930 save percentage in leading the Czech team to their first-ever gold medal in the tournament.
Jakub Skarek Scouting Report
Goalie — shoots Left — Catches Left
Born November 10th, 1999 — Jihlava, Czech Republic
Height 6’3″ — Weight 196 lbs [191 cm / 89 kg]
Skating and Talent Analysis
At 6’3″ Skarek has a frame that most NHL teams are looking for in their goaltenders in recent years. He is an extremely athletic goalie. He is a good skater. Skarek takes advantage of his size by coming out to the top of the crease and challenging shooters, giving them little to shoot at. He has an excellent side-to-side push, getting across the crease quickly and in control. He rarely slides too far and gets himself out of position. Skarek’s legs are strong and quick. He gets in and out of the butterfly quickly. Those fast legs take away the bottom of the net and force shooters to challenge him high. His rebound control is particularly good down low, a rarity in young goalies, as he kicks pucks to the corners.
Skarek’s blocker could use a bit of work. He makes the saves, but his rebound control off the blocker can use some work. He sometimes leaves an enticing rebound in the slot. His glove hand is quick, especially for a European goalie. Skarek’s athleticism allows him to keep himself square to the shooter, and quickly recover to be in position to stop rebounds. Skarek comes out of the net to play the puck behind his net. He is capable of making simple plays, stopping the puck and moving it to his defence. However, he is not the type to make long passes or get the breakout started.
Mental Make-Up
Skarek is calm and composed in net. This was seen in the World Juniors. Even when he was being shelled, he was able to keep his composure and provide a sense of calm to teammates. He maintains good focus and is ready for the next shot. Skarek did not get flustered and maintained his poise in the net. He often came up with big saves, keeping his team in the game as long as possible. When playing on a stronger Under-18 squad, he was able to keep focus even when not facing shots for a longer period of time. Skarek recovers quickly after giving up a goal. He composes himself quickly, and is ready to face the next shooter.
Projection and Comparison
Skarek has the potential to be a number one goaltender in the NHL. However, like most young goaltenders, he is a project and is several years away from the NHL. He must continue to work on sharpening up his game. He also will need to add some bulk, in order to withstand the rigours of a longer season and more games played. Skarek’s style is reminiscent of Marc-Andre Fleury, but this is a stylistic comparison and not one based on potential or ability.
The following is a compilation of some of the highlight packages of Skarek that are available on youtube.
Check back tomorrow for the next prospect on our draft board.
BUFFALO, NY – JANUARY 05: Jakub Skarek #1 of Czech Republic defends his net against Kieffer Bellows #23 of United States who was hooked on the play and awarded a penalty shot during the second period of play in the IIHF World Junior Championships Bronze Medal game at KeyBank Center on January 5, 2018, in Buffalo, New York. (Photo by Nicholas T. LoVerde/Getty Images Sport)
Czech Extraliga
Jakub Skarek
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Next articleAidan Dudas Scouting Report: 2018 NHL Draft #62
TSP: New Jersey Devils Prospects
2020 NHL Draft – An Early Look and Rankings
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LiftMode Sustainability Statement
LiftMode has grown from a small, family-based company that offers people the highest quality plant extracts and dietary supplements. We develop, test and distribute science-based, top quality pure supplements and Nootropics to support your body and mind. Many of us have traveled the world looking for the best sources of plant material and extracts to improve the lives of our customers.
We’ve developed a passion for plants and the natural world and we believe that we have an integral part to play in this beautiful system. It is from our passion for the wonders of the natural world and our desire to share the benefits of the world’s most powerful plant extracts and dietary supplements that we’ve developed our core values of sustainability.
At LiftMode, we’re dedicated to developing our business in a sustainable way. We believe that we have a responsibility to produce the highest-quality products while supporting everyone who contributes to our success along the way and taking every measure we can to reduce the impact we have on our natural environment.
We believe that a business can be sustainable only if it does not deplete or degrade the resources it benefits or draws from. All businesses, systems, and individuals depend on environmental, social, and economic resources, and so our concept of sustainability encompasses all of these aspects. To achieve sustainability requires determination and concentrated effort, in all aspects of a business.
We believe that there is an interconnectedness between the way we draw resources from the environment, the fulfillment and well-being of our employees, the health and satisfaction of our customers, and the health of the social and economic fabric in the communities in which we operate. To achieve sustainability means focussing on our business system as a whole, including all aspects, and ensuring that all of these resources are encouraged to grow healthily.
Our mission is to be a sustainable business that contributes to a better world for our employees, our customers, the communities around us, and the environments from which we draw our resources. This requires a long-term outlook that promotes positive change in the economic, environmental, and social aspects of our business. Keeping this in mind, we’ve developed a sustainability strategy to ensure that our business practices align with our core values.
Why is Sustainability Important to Us?
Our experiences in different parts of the world collecting, sampling, and analyzing some of the world’s most powerful plant extracts and dietary supplements – while setting up long-term relationships with people from a wide variety of cultures – have opened our eyes to the responsibilities we have as a business and a group of friends. Our responsibilities are to ensure that none of the resources we use are degraded, to ensure that the people we work with are treated fairly and with dignity, and to ensure that our customers receive the best quality products and truthful, accessible information about how to use them and what they do.
We see the world as a wild, ever-changing, complex, and interconnected system, and we believe that when resources are degraded in any part of the world this has a ripple effect on all systems the world around. Likewise, when systems are restored anywhere and people’s well-being taken care of, this has a positive impact on many different systems in places far and wide.
We believe that by adopting an outlook like this, together we can make the world a better place. And who doesn’t want to live in a better world? A world that is less polluted, a world where wilderness is revered instead of destroyed, where people from all cultures can appreciate life in their own way, and where we accept and embrace our responsibilities as custodians of this beautiful planet.
We’re taking steps to reduce our footprint. Stay tuned to our website and our newsletter for more information on the projects we’re engaging in and on how you can help contribute to a more sustainable planet.
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Kaveh Akbar, Melissa Febos, and Megan Stielstra
Authors Kaveh Akbar, Melissa Febos, and Megan Stielstra discuss life, trauma, and art with moderator Marisa Siegel, editor-in-chief of The Rumpus, at Portland Book Festival 2017.
Craft & Writing
Reading (of own work)
How do we create art from our own wounds and wonders? In their poetry, memoirs, and essays, writers Kaveh Akbar, Melissa Febos, and Megan Stielstra reckon with personal trauma and healing. Tracking the joys and pains of the path through addiction, and wrestling with desire, inheritance and faith, Calling a Wolf a Wolf is the darkly sumptuous debut from award-winning poet Kaveh Akbar. His are powerful, intimate poems of thirst: for alcohol, for other bodies, for knowledge and for life. In her memoir Abandon Me, Melissa Febos captures the intense bonds of love and the need for connection—with family, lovers, and oneself. In visceral, erotic prose, Febos captures a mutual abandonment to passion and obsession—and the terror and exhilaration of losing herself in another. In her poignant and inciting collection of literary essays, The Wrong Way to Save Your Life, Megan Stielstra tells stories to ward off fears both personal and universal as she grapples toward a better way to live. Whether she’s imagining the implications of open-carry laws on college campuses, recounting the story of going underwater on the mortgage of her first home, or revealing the unexpected pains and joys of marriage and motherhood, Stielstra’s work informs, impels, enlightens, and embraces us all. These three authors discuss life and art with moderator Marisa Siegel, editor-in-chief of The Rumpus. Kaveh Akbar’s appearance is in partnership with the Poetry Foundation.
Kaveh Akbar is the founding editor of Divedapper. His poems have appeared in The New Yorker, Poetry, Tin House, Ploughshares, and elsewhere. Kaveh has also served as Poetry Editor for BOOTH and Book Reviews Editor for the Southeast Review. Along with Gabrielle Calvocoressi, francine j. harris, and Jonathan Farmer, he starred on All Up in Your Ears, a monthly poetry podcast. The recipient of a 2016 Ruth Lilly and Dorothy Sargent Rosenberg Fellowship from the Poetry Foundation and the Lucille Medwick Memorial Award from the Poetry Society of America, Akbar was born in Tehran, Iran, and currently and currently teaches at Purdue University and in the low residency MFA programs at Randolph College and Warren Wilson.
Melissa Febos is the author of the memoirs Whip Smart and Abandon Me. Her essays have appeared in Tin House, The Believer, The New York Times, The Kenyon Review, Lenny Letter, and elsewhere. Portions from Abandon Me have won prizes from Prairie Schooner, StoryQuarterly, and twice earned notice in the 2015 Best American Essays anthology. The recipient of fellowships from The MacDowell Colony, Ragdale, Virginia Center for Creative Arts, Vermont Studio Center, The Lower Manhattan Cultural Council, and The Barbara Deming Memorial Fund, Febos serves on the directorial board of VIDA: Women in Literary Arts and is an assistant professor of creative writing at Monmouth University. She lives in Brooklyn.
Megan Stielstra is the author of three collections: The Wrong Way To Save Your Life, Once I Was Cool, and Everyone Remain Calm. Her work appears in the Best American Essays, New York Times, Poets & Writers, Longreads, Tin House, Guernica, Catapult, Lit Hub, Buzzfeed Reader, The Rumpus, and elsewhere. A longtime company member with 2nd Story, she has told stories for National Public Radio, Radio National Australia, Museum of Contemporary Art, Goodman Theatre, the Neo-Futurarium, and regularly with The Paper Machete live news magazine at The Green Mill. She is currently an artist in residence at Northwestern University. She lives in Chicago with her husband, their kid, and two dogs.
A retrospective of some of the most engaging talks from the world’s best writers from over 30 years of Literary Arts in Portland. The Archive Project features the most sought-after talks from our Portland Arts & Lectures series and special events. Each week, we publish new lectures available for streaming on this website for free. With over 250 original lectures by the most creative and articulate minds of our generation, these discussions offer special moments between world-famous authors and our local literary community. Select episodes of The Archive Project air every Wednesday at 10:00 p.m. on OPB radio. Click here to visit the show’s homepage on opb.org. Episodes released on our website and on OPB Radio are available for download on iTunes in the podcast section under "Literary Arts." Click here to visit The Archive Project on iTunes.
Also from this season:
2018/2019 Annual Report
During our 2018/2019 season of events, we inspired more than 20,000 people to explore books, stories, and the important ideas and issues they raise. Our programs help Oregonians of all ages find and share their stories. From concert hall events…
Illustrator Jonathan Hill Captures the Portland Book Festival
Save the date: The Portland Book Festival returns Saturday, November 9 at the Portland Art Museum and neighboring venues. Lineup and tickets will be announced in early September. We are excited to announce our collaboration with Portland-based cartoonist and illustrator…
Bank of America returns as the Title Sponsor for the Portland Book Festival in 2019
Literary Arts is proud to announce the return of Bank of America as our Title Sponsor for the Portland Book Festival in 2019. We are so grateful for Bank of America’s support, with special thanks to Roger Hinshaw, Bank of…
Featured Lecture from the Archives
Barbara Kingsolver (Rebroadcast)
Barbara Kingsolver, author of bestselling the novel The Poisonwood Bible and Animal Dreams, discusses her then most recent novel Flight Behavior as well as her career up to that point.
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COVEY SHARES DEBUT ALBUM HAGGARTY VIA THE 405
“Covey has fashioned itself into one of the more intriguing indie folk rock projects of the past few years, earning the acclaim of hundreds of thousands of listeners.”
-The 405
“It’s a sailboat riding uncharted waves of layered strings, carrying itself with moody grace and the wisdom of a weathered pilot.”
-All Things Go
Today, Boston-based folk rock project Covey releases their debut LP, Haggarty. Ahead of its release the project exclusively streamed through The 405 who stated, “From album opener ‘////’ through closer ‘In Or Out,’ Freeman proves that he possesses a near-supernatural talent for writing compelling, honest and moving songs. This is a talent that should not be taken lightly. What we have here is a genuine talent, one who deserves all the attention he is receiving and then some. The record’s sincere passion likely isn’t hurt that Haggarty is a very personal project for Freeman.
With only a couple singles out and no major label support, Covey has amassed over 110,000 monthly listeners on Spotify, and single “Comes And Goes,” currently stands at over 2 million plays. Since relocating to the United States for school in 2010, Covey has managed to connect with listeners across the world through soul-baring lyrics and raw vocals.
The Wild Honey Pie premiered Covey’s lead single “Same White Shoes” stating, “While the song’s tone suggests remorse, the chorus’ la la las manage to make light of the heavy situation.” The track comes off the forthcoming release Haggarty. Covey is fronted by British multi-intrumentalist and vocalist, Tom Freeman. The album maintains Covey’s signature folk sound, with a punk pop influences and indie rock flare. The 10-track LP deals with themes of isolation, nostalgia, and navigating through distance and disarray. Haggarty draws similarities from Covey’s previous releases, like “Bows” and “Daisies,” with a more evolved sound. It features performances by Guillermo Goldschmied on bass, Adam Marks on keys, and Dillon Rovere on drums. The album was mixed and mastered by Alex Garcia-Rivera and recorded at Mystic Valley Recording, an all analog studio in Medford, MA. The record is available in CD, Vinyl, and limited Cassettes (which were put together personally by Tom), and will be distributed digitally by Spotify, Bandcamp, iTunes, and Google Play.
Covey was born out of inspiration from bands like Neutral Milk Hotel, The Smiths, and Nick Drake. Since relocating to the United States for school in 2010, Covey has managed to connect with listeners across the world through soul-baring lyrics and raw vocals. A songwriter for 9 years, front-man Tom Freeman has lived in many places throughout his life including England, Hong Kong, and Indonesia. Moving from place to place caused him to explore a wide breadth of cultures and influenced him artistically. Covey has opened for national touring artists like Hozier, The Last Bison, High As A Kite, Gabriel Kahane, Vagabon and Soak. In support of Haggarty‘s release, Covey plans to make tour stops along the East Coast
HAGGARTY – TRACKLISTING
01. ////
02. Call Home
03. Same White Shoes
04. Old Man
05. Stockholm Syndrome
07. Funeral Home
08. Eyesore
09. You Don’t Need Me
10. In or Out
Covey is an indie folk rock project fronted by British multi-instrumentalist and vocalist, Tom Freeman. Since relocating to the United States for school in 2010, he has managed to connect with listeners across the world through his soul-baring lyrics and raw vocals.
A songwriter for 9 years, Freeman has lived in many places throughout his life including England, Hong Kong, and Indonesia. Moving from place to place caused him to explore a wide breadth of cultures and influenced him artistically. This breadth of experience was implemented into his music at an early age, and lead to experimentation with different genres such as folk, rock, punk, indie, and electronic. Freeman eventually found a voice and a home in Boston, Massachusetts, where the Covey project was born.
Ultimately influenced by a wide variety of genres, Covey’s sound has a distinct personality. Folky lyrical driven songwriting is complimented by textures of synth and distorted guitar. As described by Sound of Boston, the vocals are “relaxed, natural, and infectiously uplifting”. Musical influences range from artists such as Neutral Milk Hotel, Nick Drake, and Blink-182.
Covey has been featured on the BIRN radio network, and online publications such as Under The Gun Review, and Allston Pudding. Their premier track “Comes and Goes” has won BostInno’s “Song of the Week”, “New England Band of the Month” feature on Deli Magazine, and was recently featured in a national Expedia commercial.
Only in its third year, Covey has opened for national touring artists such as Hoizer, The Last Bison, High As A Kite, Gabriel Kahane, Vagabon, Soak and has played across the Northeast. Look for Covey’s debut album this fall on Spotify, Bandcamp, and iTunes
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MaJaa.Mobi-Download Tamil Movies
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Chitti-1966-Tamil-Movie-Download
chitti tamil movie
Chitti (English: Step Mother) is a 1966 Indian Tamil movie, directed by K. S. Gopalakrishnan. The film stars M. R. Radha, Padmini, R. Muthuraman and Nagesh in lead roles. The film had musical score by M. S. Viswanathan. The film was remade in Hindi as Aurat, in Malayalam as Achante Bharya and in Telugu as Pinni.
Directed by K. S. Gopalakrishnan
Written by K. S. Gopalakrishnan (dialogues)
Screenplay by K. S. Gopalakrishnan
Story by V. M. K.
Starring M. R. Radha, Gemini Ganesan, Padmini, R. Muthuraman, Nagesh
Music by M. S. Viswanathan
Cinematography R. Sampath
Edited by R. Devarajan
Production Chitra Productions
Distributed by Chitra Productions
Release dates 25 Junly 1966
Running time 170 Mins
Download Chitti.1966.Tamil.DvDRip.XviD.MP3.MeN [www.MaJaa.NET].rar from OxFiles.com
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Kaatrin Mozhi (Eng: The Language of Air) is a 2018 Indian Tamil-language comedy-drama film written and directed by Radha Mohan, and starring Jyothika. The film also features Vidharth and Lakshmi Manchu in supporting roles. It is a remake of the Hindi-language film Tumhari Sulu (2017). The film narrates the story of an ambitious housewife who becomes […]
Vada-Chennai-2018-Tamil-Movie
Vada Chennai (Eng: North Chennai) is a 2018 Indian Tamil action crime film written and directed by Vetrimaaran in his fourth directorial film. Produced as a trilogy by A. Subaskaran’s Lyca Productions and Dhanush’s Wunderbar Films with Vetrimaaran’s Grass Root Film Company, it features Dhanush in the lead role as a skilled carrom player along […]
Thimiru-Pudichavan-2018-Tamil-Movie
Thimiru Pudichavan (Eng: Egoistic man) is a 2018 Indian Tamil action film written and directed by Ganeshaa. The film stars Vijay Antony, Nivetha Pethuraj and Sai Dheena in the main lead roles. The film is produced by Fatima Vijay Antony under the production banner Vijay Antony Film Corporation and it began production in between February […]
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Paralyzed Dachshund Found in Trash Bag Finds Loving New Home
By Deidre Grieves
No dog should have to endure what happened to Frances. The longhaired Dachshund was found in the Lawncrest neighborhood of Philadelphia—put out on the streets in the freezing cold like garbage.
“A Good Samaritan found a dog in their neighborhood in a trash bag,” says Gillian Kocher, a spokesperson for the Pennsylvania SPCA (PSPCA). “It’s not every day that you find a dog in a trash bag. Dogs aren’t trash. They are living, breathing beings that deserve to be cared for and loved.”
That Good Samaritan brought Frances to an animal shelter in the city and she was eventually transferred to the care of the PSPCA. Shelter workers brought Frances to the University of Pennsylvania’s Ryan Veterinary Hospital where doctors quickly realized that Frances was paralyzed in her hind limbs and couldn’t walk. She also couldn’t feel anything in her back legs. “We know from her status—and from studies of dogs—that once they have lost that ability to feel, doing a large surgery isn’t actually going to restore their ability to move or to walk or to feel most of the time,” says Dr. Jonathan Wood, who specializes in neurology at the hospital.
Wood and his team assessed that Frances’ injury was an old one, and decided that the dog would be better off without surgery.
After staying in the hospital to recover, the PSPCA started working to find Frances a caring, loving home. That’s where Christine Gacano and her family come in. Gancano immediately fell in love with Frances and welcomed the dog into her home with open arms.
“I give the best to my dogs—I treat them like my kids,” says Gancano with tears in her eyes. “I can’t imagine somebody actually doing that act of putting her in a bag and putting her out in the cold in January.”
Frances is fitting in nicely with the Gancano clan, which also includes two other Dachshunds. To help Frances get around, the veterinary team at PennVet made Frances a custom set of wheels so that she can walk, run, and play with her other furry family members. “I didn’t know how she was going to take to it, but she didn’t mind at all,” says Dr. Alex Tun. “She immediately started to take off down the hallway.”
Frances’ disability presents no concern for Gancano and her family, who are thrilled to have Frances as part of their lives. “Every single day I can’t wait to get up and see her in the morning,” says Gancano. “She brings happiness to every single person she comes in contact with. All she wants to do is love and be loved.”
Frances’ case is still under investigation in Pennsylvania.
Top 5 Dog Myths Debunked
best dog crate
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News » Whistler
school numbers
Student numbers add up By Chris Woodall There are more students, and most of them are in Whistler. That's the bottom line on the latest figures from Howe Sound district school board: 4,517 students at 13 elementary and secondary schools, up from 4,334 a year ago. There are 140 new student bodies in the Whistler area this year. That increase accounts for most (77 per cent) of the 183 new brain pans the school board as a whole has to teach this year over last. The school board chairman calls it a "significant increase" in the board's student population. "It's a good healthy growth," says Constance Rulka. To make a quick comparison of Whistler schools would seem to show slight decreases in their numbers, but factoring Whistler's new secondary school in the right way indicates otherwise. On the surface of it, Myrtle Philip elementary went from 435 students at December, 1995, down to 427 by the beginning of November, this year. But Myrtle Philip has one less grade this year. Last year Myrtle Philip included Grade 7; this year Grade 7 classes are taught at Whistler Secondary. The Pemberton schools — traditional homes for Whistler students until this fall — started December ’95 at 404 (secondary) and 419 (elementary), but fell to 237 for the high school and basically held steady (420) at the elementary school, by last month. The difference is Whistler's secondary school. The numbers seem to show it dropping to 315 student bodies now from 321 in September, but the school didn't exist a year ago. While that wouldn't affect Pemberton's Signal Hill elementary school, Whistler Secondary’s opening tally of students at September this year shows what it scooped from Whistler's elementary school, Pemberton's high school and some high schools in the Lower Mainland. The numbers continue to say something about provincial government number games when it comes to building schools. "When government decides to build a school and set the expenses for it, the school is too small right at the start," Rulka explains, because the government won't take future growth of the student population into account.
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© Photo | www.fotolia.com © sergey02
Highly efficient centrifugal compact fan for household appliances
Fans are being used in modern refrigerators and freezers in increasing quantities
Forced air circulation can increase the efficiency of the heat exchanger and with this, it is possible to use a special compact heat exchanger, which would not function with natural convection alone. In addition, the temperature distribution in the device can be adjusted by targeted distribution of cold air, creating the perfect storage conditions in terms of temperature and humidity. The forced air circulation inside the device also prevents air moisture from condensing on the equipment parts and stored items.
Best possible level of device efficiency at minimum power consumption
To achieve the best possible level of device efficiency and therefore to minimise power consumption, every component must be optimised and particular attention must be paid to how the individual components interact with one another. In fans that are located inside the device to be cooled, energy is not just used to drive the fan; the motor heat generated by the fan must also be included in the overall thermal balance. The third crucial design parameter for household appliances is the noise emission. This must be kept as low as possible, as noise is an important quality factor.
Design specifications for the fan can be derived from these basic conditions. In the instance described, the requirements led to a new centrifugal compact fan being developed, which, with an input capacity of around one watt, achieves a maximum efficiency of 22 %. The aerodynamic components have been especially designed and perfected for their application. The impeller and worm gear unit have been designed in unison so that an ideal interaction between the individual components can be guaranteed as early as the design phase.
A low circumferential speed for the impeller was very important in this process, as it results in low noise emissions. in line with the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic configuration, a motor that produced particularly low levels of structure-borne noise has been designed and adapted to the required speed and torque.
Figure 1: Completed fan and CDF model. The direction of rotation in the model is the opposite of the completed fan and the minimum distance between the impeller and housing has been increased in favour of noise emissions. There are pockets at the fan inlet for balancing weights, which are used to guarantee that the fan runs with low vibrations.
The aerodynamic components have been entirely designed with modern, three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD). These were used in the refrigeration unit in a much earlier state of development when defining the requirements for the fan. in the course of the development, the reaction of the fan to the noise behaviour was also evaluated by means of simulations. for this, the incompressible Navier stokes equations involving friction are solved for the given fan geometry. The geometry, i.e. the design of the blades, current cross-section and housing geometry, are modified until the current moves through the fan with as little noise as possible and with as little loss as possible. More details of the design process and the description of the experimental devices used can be found in Schmitz, et. al., Design and Test of a small High-Performance Diagonal fan, Proc. iGTi 2011, Vancouver.
Rapid-Prototyping
Figure 2: Aerodynamic power data of the fan unit
In the next state of development, the components of the fan are built in a rapid prototyping procedure, the motor is integrated and the entire unit is evaluated with regard to air performance and acoustics. The operating point of the fan is within the range 30-40 m3/h. In this range, the pressure build-up in the fan corresponds to the system resistance of 15-25 Pa. The fan achieves an overall efficiency of around 20 %. This means that one fifth of the electrical energy is converted into current energy. for a fan of this size and performance level, this is a very good figure, particularly when one considers the compromises that have to be made.
To achieve a higher level of efficiency, the gap between the rotating and static components must be kept as small as possible. However, if the gap is too small, there is a danger of the refrigerating unit freezing, which is why a minimum gap size must be adhered to. The smaller the distance between the casing tab and the impeller, the more audible the aeroacoustic interactions of both components. These contradictory requirements mean that compromises have to be made and the compromises needed for good acoustics were determined in experiments using prototypes.
Additional product information can be found here:
Centrifugal compact fans
High-pressure specialists in centrifugal design with carefully optimized impellers
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Farah Pahlavi: The United States attempted to hand over the Shah to Khomeini in the Azores
The last Empress of Persia is now 70 years old and has spent the last 30 in exile. In this interview, by e-mail, she tells of her anguish at Lajes Air Base one night in March 1980. Four months later, Reza Pahlavi died in Cairo. Today she hopes that Tehran’s Islamic regime has its days numbered. (Read more…)
The Shah and the Shahbanu: From opulent palaces to exile. “For a few moments I thought we had won”, Farah Pahlavi said. “In my view we were the good ones whilst they were the bastions of horror. Unfortunately it was they [Khomeini and the mullahs] who had won”
Farah Diba Pahlavi has spent almost thirty years in exile but she cannot forget the night of 23rd March 1980 when an Evergreen Airlines DC9 in which she was travelling stopped over in the Azores.
Officially it was a refuelling stop but the aircraft was held up for several hours on the tarmac without permission to take off. ‘It was an anxious moment,’ the last Empress of Persia tells me during a rare interview by e-mail.
We have to go back in time to understand what actually happened at Lajes Air Force Base, and which could have changed the course of history.
Farah Diba and her husband, Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, had been forced to leave Panama and they should have gone on to Cairo where President Anwar el-Sadat had renewed his offer of refuge. They had been fleeing for over a year. Several doors had been closed to them after Ayatollah Khomeini had overthrown the monarchy.
Egypt had been the first stop in their exile on 16th January 1979 when the imperial couple arrived in Aswan. But on the 22nd, Farah Pahlavi and the “king of kings”, who was suffering from terminal lymphoma, “a well-guarded secret since 1974,” were already on their way to Morocco at the invitation of King Hassan II.
It was whilst they were staying at a luxury villa in Marrakech that on 11th February Radio Tehran broadcast the news most dreaded by the Shah: that “the Revolution had won and the bastion of the dictatorship had capitulated.”
In the autobiography An Enduring Love: My Life with the Shah: A Memoir, the Shahbanu (empress) confesses: “For a few moments I thought we had won. In my view we were the good ones whilst they were the bastions of horror. Unfortunately it was they who had won and who had overthrown the last government (of Shapour Bakhtiar) nominated by my husband.” the Shah, who had refused the requests of the officers of his personal staff to shoot down the plane carrying Khomeini from Paris to the future Islamic Republic, “remained silent for some time.”
Their stay in Morocco, where their children who had joined them from the United States, became threatened when the Iranian masses began to demand the return of the Emperor to be tried, and perhaps to be summarily executed. This had already happened to hundreds of Army officers of the previous regime.
On 14th February, the U.S. Embassy in Tehran was temporarily occupied by Revolutionary Guards. A French secret service emissary arrived at King Hassan’s Palace in Rabat to warn that Khomeini had ordered the kidnapping of members of the Moroccan royal family in exchange for his guests.
Although King Hassan maintained his solidarity, Farah Diba understood the seriousness of the situation. “It was urgent to find another place of exile,” she states in her autobiography, but “everybody turned their backs on us”. France had refused, stating that it could not guarantee the safety of the emperors who had fallen on hard times. The same happened with Switzerland and Monaco. Mexico and Canada didn’t reply. The US said, “later, perhaps.”
Margaret Thatcher, who had promised support if she won the elections, changed her mind when she became prime minister because, “it would be bad for British interests.”
King Hassan II put his private plane at the Pahlavi’s disposal. It was in this aircraft that the Shah, the Shahbanu and the children (Reza, Fahranaz, Ali-Reza and Leila) as well as a paediatrician, a governess, several colonels and the Emperor’s “personal man-servant” left on 30th March 1979 for Nassau, capital of the Bahamas.
The archipelago did not have diplomatic relations with Iran but the offer of asylum, obtained thanks to Henry Kissinger, David Rockefeller and Jimmy Carter, had a time limit: three months.
Three weeks before the visas expired, the Bahamian authorities said they would not renew the visas. But at the request of Henry Kissinger, Mexico, under José López Portillo, agreed to accept the unwanted family.
On 10th June 1979, Farah Diba, Mohammed Reza and the accompanying party settled into Cuernavaca in the south, in a house with a tropical garden and boasting scorpions on the walls. This was the fourth site of exile in less than six months.
The Emperor’s health was worsening and since Mexico did not possess modern medical facilities for cancer treatment and haematology, his doctors decided that he should go into hospital in the United States.
The Shahbanu was saddened: “There was something rather vexing about being allowed into the United States after it had refused us hospitality.” She also feared hostile demonstrations but Mohammed Reza’s family and particularly his twin sister, Ashraf, decided that he should be moved to New York where she lived.
They arrived there on 23rd October 1979 but before they landed, President Carter called a meeting on the 19th of his inner cabinet. Those present were: Walter Mondale, Cyrus Vance, Zbigniew Brzezinski, Harold Brown and Hamilton Jordan.
The unanimous opinion was to allow the Shah to enter, as it was a case of “medical urgency.” Carter was convinced but he did leave a question: “What will they advise us to do when they (the Iranians) occupy our Embassy and turn our staff into hostages?”
This fear, or presentiment, was justified. On 4th November 1979 Islamic students attacked and occupied what they called the U.S. ”nest of spies” in Teheran and held 60 Embassy staff hostage – 52 of them during 444 days. The Iranian Republic refused to believe that the Shah was really ill. They suspected that Washington was preparing to help him back into power as it had done in 1953 when the CIA overthrew Mohammed Mossadegh’s government and put Mohammed Reza back on the Peacock Throne.
Mossadegh’s fall was due to the fact that he had dared to nationalise the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company and this action had greatly annoyed Winston Churchill. Today many political analysts, including the CIA, agree that because British and Americans feared he might become an ally of the U.S.S.R., this situation later opened the path for the rise of Khomeini.
“The Pahlavi Crown was commissioned and first used for the coronation of Reza Shah on 25 April 1926. It was used for the last time during the coronation of his son and successor Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi on 26 October 1967. (…) The frame of the crown is made of gold, silver and red velvet. It has a maximum height of 29.8 cm, a width of 19.8 cm and weighs nearly 2,080 grams. A staggering 3,380 diamonds, (1,144 carats), are set into the object. The largest of these is a 60-carat yellow brilliant, which is centrally placed in a sunburst of white diamonds. Found in three rows are 369 nearly identical natural white pearls. The crown also contains five emeralds (totalling 200 carats), the largest of which is approximately 100 carats and located on the apex of the crown”
On the day following his arrival in New York, on 24th October 1979, Mohammed Reza Pahlavi underwent surgery that did not work out well. The news of his internment spread quickly. He was able to hear through the window of the hospital, where he was fighting for his life, the shouts of the demonstrators crying, “Death to the Shah!”.
On 20th November, after some of the hostages had been released, (only the Afro-Americans) from the US Embassy in Tehran, Carter threatened to intervene militarily.
On 28th he stated he would not give in to blackmail to those who demanded the extradition of the Emperor. He would only leave the U.S. when he had recovered.
When the doctors decided the patient was ready to leave hospital, the return trip to Cuernavaca was booked for 2nd December.
On the 30th November, however, President Portillo refused him asylum. According to Farah Pahlavi the price for this turnaround was Fidel Castro’s promise that Cuba would vote in favour of Mexico’s entry onto the UN Security Council if it did not allow the Shah to enter the country.
The Carter Administration had no other solution than to discreetly send the Persian Royal Family to Lackland Air Force Base in Texas.
It was a temporary stay that the State Department had no desire in prolonging. Even South Africa, where apartheid still governed, refused asylum. ‘We felt we were outcasts,’ complained Farah Pahlavi.
On 12th December 1979, General Omar Torrijos, “Supreme Commander of the Government” agreed to allow the Pahlavis into Panama. He installed them in a four-room villa on the Island of Contadora.
Three months later, Torrijos it appears, was persuaded by Sadegh Ghotbzadeh, “that he conspired to be Iranian President” and that his house arrest would be sufficient for the Iranian students to release the US hostages.
On being informed of the situation, the Empress gathered up courage and phoned Jehan, Anwar Sadat’s wife to ask for help. “Come”, said her friend, “We are waiting for you in Egypt.”
Carter became concerned when he knew of this and tried to change Farah Diba’s mind: “Your presence in Cairo threatens to undermine the already weak position of President Sadat and threatens the peace efforts with Israel in the Middle East.” On 22nd March, Carter phoned Sadat to try to persuade him not to receive the Pahlavis. Sadat reacted angrily: “Jimmy, I want the Shah here and alive!”
The Shah and the Shahbanu left for Cairo at 2 p.m. local time on Sunday, 23rd March. That night the Evergreen Air Lines charter company DC9 made a fuel stop at Lajes in the Azores.
After waiting for one hour Farah Diba began to fear the worst: “Was it an attempt to stop us reaching Cairo? We were at an American airbase in an American plane, therefore everything was possible.” On asking what the problem was, the reply came back that the plane “required authorization to fly over certain territories”.
“I asked the authorities to be allowed to use a phone to contact a friend in Paris,” recalls Farah Diba in the interview that she gave me. “I informed this person of our situation: that His Majesty was suffering from a very high fever, that it was very cold inside the aircraft, of my concern over the uncertainty of the situation and that everyone should be notified of the situation should there be no further contact from us.”
“Many years later, sometime in the 1990’s, I met the Portuguese Foreign Minister, Mr André Gonçalves Pereira. He told me that the U.S. Embassy [in Lisbon] had been questioned about our detention on the tarmac for over four hours and that the reply had been that ‘we cannot give you any reason’ [later the former minister would give his own version]. On the following day [24th March 1980], the Portuguese Ambassador in Washington asked the State Department the same question and, once again, the answer was “we cannot give you any reason.”
Later, Farah Diba found the reason for the interminable delay. When one of the lawyers sent by Tehran to Panama was preparing to deliver an extradition request he asked the U.S. to intercept the Imperial couple’s aircraft as Saedegh Ghotbzadeh said he was convinced he could manage to free the American hostages once the announcement had been made of the detention of the royal couple.
The decision to hold the aircraft at Lajes was made by Hamilton Jordan, chief of staff at the White House and a Carter confidant, although Carter himself had not been advised of it. As no encouraging news had arrived from Tehran, the aircraft was authorised to take off after a 4 hour holdup. On 24th March, when the extradition request was delivered, the Pahlavis arrived in Cairo.
“On the day of her coronation in Tehran, the Empress Farah Pahlavi wore a sumptuous bejeweled crown and emerald necklace created by Van Cleef & Arpels. The Maison also crafted the jewelry sets of the Shah Reza Pahlavi’s sisters and daughters. This event marked one of the most prestigious special orders in the Maison’s history. The crown was adorned with 1541 stones in total, including 1469 diamonds, 36 emeralds, 34 rubies, 2 spinels, 105 pearls among other stones, but most importantly, a spectacular 150-carat emerald set at the center. It weighed 4.3 pounds”
Farah Pahlavi was convinced that Torrijos “would not have hesitated to place the Shah under house surveillance.” But would that have satisfied the Iranians?
Whatever the case, Mohammed Reza Pahlavi did not live for very much longer as he died on 27th July. Sadat, who had installed him in the Koubbeh Palace, gave him an imposing State funeral. The body lies in the Al Rifa’i Mosque where Farah Diba goes every year to pay tribute.
“Yes, it was me”, confirmed us André Gonçalves Pereira. “I became curious as to what had taken place in 1980 and, the following year, as minister, I sought to find out what had happened at Lajes. The aircraft had arrived at midnight and left at 8.00 a.m. [as stated by Farah Diba]. This was strange. The stopover should have only taken half an hour. The crew alleged a technical fault.”
On being asked officially, the American officials merely replied, “they didn’t know.” They couldn’t have replied to a sovereign state “we cannot give you any justification”, added Gonçalves Pereira, as stated by the Empress in this interview.
The former head of the Foreign Ministry checked his diaries and found the moment when he had explained to the Shahbanu of his interest in the Azores episode. “She came to dinner at my house in the Algarve in July 1996 and it was then that we spoke about this matter.”
The information that he had was that the Americans were negotiating with the Iranians, through Algiers, the handover of the Shah to the mullahs in exchange for the release of the hostages in Tehran. Supposedly, the Islamic Republic’s demand was that the aircraft carrying the Shah should deliver him to the Iranian capital. The U.S. only agreed to leave him in Algiers. So the negotiations failed”.
Farah Diba’s version in her Memoir states it was Panama and not Algeria. The former minister states: “In matters of ultra-secret diplomacy we can never be sure”, except that “there weren’t any technical reasons, rather political ones’ for the aircraft to be held back and that Washington “really was negotiating the Shah’s extradition.
Farah Diba later wrote a letter to thank me. She is a very intelligent woman and well informed. She has a regal bearing. We still keep in touch occasionally. I remember a dinner in Paris when I asked the Portuguese Ambassador to invite her.’
Over what had taken place at Lajes, Gonçalves Pereira highlights “the contrast” in the treatment given to the Shah by the U.S. and that by Egypt.
“The Carter Administration that was relatively straight forward and honest, was ready to hand over the Shah, a fundamental ally of the U.S. in the Middle East, whilst President Sadat, in an almost quixotic attitude, agreed to receive him despite being threatened by Islamic fundamentalism, that eventually assassinated him the following year. He was a notable man.”
“There has long been confusion about the origins of the Peacock (or Naderi) Throne that now sits in the National Jewels Museum, in Tehran. The real story is this: In 1798 Fath Ali Shah ordered a new throne to be built. His artists made quite a job of it, encrusting the vast throne that looks more like a bed with 26,733 gems.vSet into its top was a carved sun, studded with precious stones, so the throne became known as the Sun Throne. Later Fath Ali married Tavous Tajodoleh, nicknamed Tavous Khanoum or Lady Peacock, and the throne became known as the Peacock Throne in her honour. Fath Ali certainly had a taste for gems, but one of his predecessors, Nader Shah, liked the finer things too. So much so, in fact, that he invaded India in order to recover the Kuh-e Nur diamond. During the expedition he also bagged the Moghuls’ famous Peacock Throne. But during the haul back to Persia, this piece of booty fell into the hands of rebellious soldiers, who hacked it up to spread the wealth among themselves. In the intervening years the stories of the Peacock Thrones have become muddled, so you might still hear people say (erroneously) that this Peacock Throne originally came from India”
© Lonely Planet
Almost 30 years after a trip that she had hoped would have been “a temporary departure from the country,” Farah Diba is a harsh woman, in sharp contrast with the meaning of her maiden name in Farsi that means “silk”. She continues to defend the Shah’s actions and attributes his overthrow to a conspiracy. She venerates him as a visionary leader, but many however, including some of his staff, describe as being weak and indecisive.
One of them is the Iranian sociologist, Ehsan Naraghi who was a critic (SAVAK, the secret police, forced him to leave the country in 1969) and later a court adviser.
In the book Des Palais du Chah aux Prisons de la Révolution, Naraghi recalls one of the last audiences he had with Mohammed Reza on 23rd September 1978 where the emperor who had succeeded the Qajar Dynasty, asked him: “What is the source of this rebellion? Who has instigated it? Who started this religious movement?” The reply was: “But it was you, Your Majesty” The king of kings replied: “Why me?”
“15 years ago in 1962”, explained Naraghi, “when you visited the Qom sanctuary [where Khomeini was a theologian], you openly attacked the religious leaders and, in Parliament, you said that their criticisms to land reform and to the emancipation of women were reactionary. You were so violent, even insulting, that the person responsible for the television broadcast had to censure your words. (…)”
“From then onwards, the religious leaders were forced, in order to reject the accusation of being conservative, to take action and to prove that they weren’t attached to an archaic social order. Supported by the vast Shiite resources, they wished to show that they could be even more revolutionary than Your Majesty with the White Revolution.”
Farah Pahlavi plays this down: “I can’t confirm if the conversation [with Naraghi] and the Shah took place since I wasn’t present. In relation to all the work he did, a French phrase comes to mind: ‘Il faut en prendre et en laisser’. During the days of the Roman Empire it was said that if a battle is won everyone participated but if a battle is lost, there is only one to blame”, she complains.
“Iran occupies, in geo-strategic terms, a very important position. It was becoming too powerful. Some foreign interests began to feel threatened and they started a programme of defamation against the monarchy in the media. They also courted and encouraged the opposition within the country.”
“I read an interview by Ibrahim Yazdi [opponent of the monarchy and minister in the first year of the Islamic Revolution] where he speaks of his relationship with the U.S. State Department and of how he passed on the message that Ayatollah Khomeini valued human rights and the emancipation of women.”
“Lord [David] Owen, who was Foreign Minister at the time [of the Islamic Revolution] stated: ‘If we had known that the Shah was ill, this would not have happened.’ What does this mean? William H. Sullivan, who was ambassador in Iran from 1977 to 1979, wrote about his meetings and contacts with the Iranian opposition.”
“Let us not forget that it was the Cold War era and that the Soviet Union who had a strong desire to reach the warm waters of the Persian Gulf, was also a sponsor to and played a role in the Iranian Communist Party, the Tudeh.”
There were still other organised groups, such as the People’s Fedayeen (Maoists) and the People’s Mujahedeen (Islamic Marxists), many of who were trained in Cuban and Palestinian guerrilla camps. Members of these groups who helped take Khomeini to power were later killed by the thousands.”
The last Shah with Farah and Reza Pahlavi, the eldest son and heir prince
Does Farah Pahlavi regret anything? She replies at length: ‘If we had been better organised politically; if the political participation had opened up before 1977; if the American Administration had been different; if the British prime minister and French president had also been different; if the Soviet Union had been Russia, if Khomeini had not been allowed to come to Paris [from Iraq where the Shah had exiled him]; if some Iranian intellectuals had not seen Khomeini’s face on the moon; if people had listened to the Shah who said there we will remedy the shortcomings and dissatisfactions; if the Western media had not maliciously attacked the Shah and compared Khomeini to a spiritual saviour, this tragedy would not have happened.’
Naraghi, the sociologist, said that, on several occasions, he had tried on several occasions to explain to the technocrats surrounding the Shah that “the great civilization” desired by the Shah would lead to “a chaotic uprising”.
The emperor’s policy “divided a nation, a progressive minority on the one hand and a traditionalist majority on the other – which undermined the feelings of national solidarity and exposed [the Iranians] to a completely new cultural conflict”.
Farah Diba acknowledges that some of those responsible hid the people’s discontent from the Shah, but she denies the existence of the division. This would mean, she justifies, “that the majority of the Iranians is now happy which, as everyone knows, is not true.”
She does not believe that lies, material and moral corruption, flogging, stoning and dismemberment of people are part of the valuable Iranian traditions. The majority of Iranians very much wanted what ‘modern life’ offered such as schools, universities, hospitals, stadiums, libraries, cultural centres, industries, communications and their participation in the development of the nation”.
The explanation found by the Shahbanu for the revolt of the Iranians against the Shah is different: “In Iran, after 1973, the increase in the price of oil did not please foreign interests. There was a boom in development and the government could not meet the people’s expectations. This created dissatisfaction and fertile ground for the opposition, since it was well organised, unlike us.”
“Ayatollah Khomeini and his disciples promised paradise, free vehicles, free transport, free utilities, free gasoline and other free goods. Many believed in this but they opened the doors to hell. Today, many regret having taken part in the street demonstrations. The younger generation blame their parents for the current situation in Iran.”
The White Revolution’s land reform and emancipation of women were not, in Mohammad Reza’s widow’s opinion, litigious: ‘The majority of the population supported them,” she states.
“Obviously big landowners and some religious fanatics didn’t agree with them. The good result out of all this is that today’s Iran does not have a feudal system, despite the pressures of the extremists, and the Islamic Republic did not manage to change the rights of women to vote and to be elected.”
As for the statement by some Iranians that the Shah “made a mistake in trying to change from the bicycle stage to the jet plane without passing through the stage of the motor car”, she is vehement: “I don’t believe it. How can you tell people to wait 20 years [for progress]: when you have all the natural resources and human wealth available? When I travelled through the country people asked for more and better schools, roads, clinics, water, electricity, etc.”
But this isn’t the progress that many refer to, but rather the ostentation and the provocation shown, for example, at the Shiraz Arts Festival, Farah Diba’s personal project, inaugurated in 1967 and during the celebrations of the 2,500 years of Persepolis in 1971. In Shiraz the biggest scandal took place in 1978 when a Brazilian dance group performed explicit sexual dances.
The main reception room of the Niavaran Palace, one of the mansions of the Pahlavi dinasty, situated in Shemiran, northern Tehran
© dennismaat.wordpress.com
“90% of the Shiraz Festival programme consisted of traditional music, dances and theatre and perhaps some 10% of avant-garde, which doesn’t mean it was immoral,’ said the Shahbanu during this interview.
In Persepolis, the first royal city of the Achaemenid Empire where vestiges of the palace of Darius I, successor of Cyrus the Great, still survive, only the rich and powerful were invited. The people were excluded.
The costs were calculated at between 200 and 300 million dollars. Elizabeth Arden created a new line of cosmetics and named it Farah. Lanvin designed the servant’s attire, Maxim’s of Paris supplied the chefs and the catering.
Except for the Iranian caviar, all the food was supplied from France. The Empress complained of “the exaggeration of the journalists”; she pointed out that the infrastructures would last and justified the expense as “a magnificent exercise in public relations” which helped many people to “situate Iran on the map”.
The only daughter of Colonel Sohrab Diba and Farideh Ghotbi, a plebeian whom the Shah chose to guarantee his succession after two failed marriages, she presently lives between Washington, New York and Paris. Despite having opened a window of opportunity for Khomeini to launch his revolution and closed the door to Mohammad Reza when he sought asylum, France is still a country where Farah Pahlavi feels comfortable.
“I became familiar with European culture due to my studies [architecture] in a French school,’ the Empress tells us. “My life story has been followed by many in France and the French have been very kind wherever I go.”
Paris was also the city where, in 1959, Farah Diba personally met her future husband, twice divorced, in 1946 and in 1958. First from Fawsia bint Fuad, sister of King Farouk of Egypt whom he married in 1939 when he was still heir to the throne and who bore him a daughter, Shahnaz, and then from Soraya Esfandiari-Bakhtiari, “the princess with the sad eyes”, whom he met in 1948 and married in 1951. She suffered from infertility, but refused the Shah permission to have a second wife as permitted by Islam so the union was annulled.
Mohammad Reza was 39 years old when he was introduced to Farah Diba, 20, at a reception in the Iranian Embassy after a meeting with Charles de Gaulle. She caused a good impression and this was enough for the Emperor’s son-in-law, Ardeshir Zahedi, Shahnaz’s husband to go ahead and deal with the details for Farah Diba to become the fiancée the Shah was seeking. An attempt to marry the king to the Catholic princess, Maria Gabriella of Savoy, was found to be ill advised by the Vatican as “a serious threat”.
Farah Diba accepted the Shah’s marriage proposal on the day she celebrated her 21st birthday on 14th October. The betrothal was officially announced on 21st November. The marriage that included two ceremonies, took place on 21st December.
Yves Saint-Laurent, of the House of Dior designed the wedding dress, embroidered with silver threads. The Carita sisters created a hairstyle that featured a parting in the middle and with the temples covered.
This style became fashionable the world over. The diadem was a Crown jewel. It was designed in the 50’s by the American Harry Winston, and weighed two kilos.
As Shahbanu, a title she received on her wedding day and which the Mullahs abolished, Farah Pahlavi led a dream life until the advent of Khomeini’s revolution.
Not that she faces financial problems (although she suffered a situation of embezzlement of several million dollars). But following the death of her husband she had to face the suicide of her daughter Leila who had become a Valentino model.
Suffering from a “chronic depression, low self-esteem, nervous anorexia and bulimia”, Leila took a fatal dose of “barbiturates and cocaine”, according to the autopsy. She was found dead in her London apartment in June 2001. She was 31 years old.
Gardens of the Golestan Palace, in Tehran
‘The loss of a child is always an open wound in the heart of a parent,’ Farah Diba laments. ‘Leila was a very intelligent girl, with good ideas, but profoundly traumatised by the dramatic events in our lives. She was very sociable and loved the company of those closest to her. When she was depressed, she would open up: ‘I can help all my friends, but I’m unable to help myself”.’
Deprived of Leila, the Shah’s widow continued to dedicate herself to the rest of the family, particularly to the oldest son, Reza, who proclaimed himself emperor after his father’s death in Cairo. “Over the last 29 years the heir to the throne has been very active in his contacts with many of his compatriots of different ideologies both inside and outside Iran”, says Farah Pahlavi.
“He fights for a free, democratic and secular regime. And he believes that, once free, the people will be able to choose the best form of government.
Traditionally, the king was always a factor for unification amongst the different ethnic groups and religious minorities, because he is above the political parties”. She also feels “blessed by the affection of many Americans”, guarantees: “I have kept in touch with my people, whether by correspondence, e-mail, telephone calls or interviews. I try to help as much as I can.”
Somewhat bitterly she adds: “The consequences [of the Shah’s fall from power] were dramatic for Iran and for the region in general. Many should do some soul-searching about their actions.”
“Iran was setting up nuclear power stations, and nations around the world were beating a path to its door to sell it equipment. The world had confidence in the Shah’s wisdom so much so that Iran was a 10 per cent shareholder of Eurodif [company] in France.’
She continues: “The regime survives by creating crises and seeking foreign enemies, to revive sentiments of nationalism. This regime must not be allowed to obtain nuclear weapons,’ She makes no appeal, however for military intervention to stop the suspected Iranian uranium enrichment programme.
“The present regime is historically condemned to disappear”, she, who was once considered to be the most powerful woman in the Middle East, concludes: “I hope that the world will help those who value freedom. I’m confident that the light will overcome darkness and that Iran, like the Phoenix, will soon rise from her ashes.”
[On January 4, 2011, Farah Pahlavi suffered another blow: her younger son, Ali- Reza Pahlavi, committed suicide in his South End Boston apartment after a long period of depression. Local police said that he died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound. He could not overcome the sorrow of losing his father, his sister, his homeland – “his identity”-, according to the official site of the former Imperial House. ]
The tomb of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi in Cairo (Egypt)
This article, now revised and updated, was originally published in the Portuguese newspaper PÚBLICO, on October 18, 2008
Posted in In English | Tagged André Gonçalves Pereira, Anwar Sadat, Ayatollah Khomeini, Azores, Farah Pahlavi, Iran, Islamic Revolution, Jimmy Carter, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi | Leave a comment |
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Tag: DA Pennebaker
The City in Fiction and Film, week seven
There are three main parts to this week’s class: viewing and discussing Chelovek s kino-apparatom/Man with a Movie Camera (Vertov 1929); reading and discussing Tom Gunning’s ‘Cinema of Attraction[s]: Early Film, Its Spectator and the Avant-Garde’; and essay preparation for next week’s deadline.
In my experience, first year students often struggle with Man with a Movie Camera – very few ever seem to grasp it, let alone like it; and then by the time they are third years, and more used to engaging with a wide variety of films, a number of those who were initially quite negative about it come to appreciate it, even like it. So I did a bit more than I usually would to frame the film – especially as the day before on Cultural Value, Literature, Film and Consumption, they had gone from looking at versions of Sherlock Holmes and James Bond to reading Alain Robbe-Grillet’s Jealousy and watching Last Year at Marienbad (Resnais 1961).
Drawing on some work on film forms from an earlier week on colleague’s Film Style and Meaning module, I framed Man with a Movie Camera as both
a documentary, but one that does not use language tell you what its subject matter is or guide you through it
an experimental film that requires you to think about the connections between images (one of my favourite gags in the movie depends entirely upon our learned assumptions about narrative and continuity editing: from the right of the screen a football is lobbed into the air; cut to a shot of a man throwing a javelin from the left of the screen – will he puncture the ball in mid-flight?’; cut to a shot of a goalkeeper on the right of the screen – will the javelin impale him?)
a self-reflexive film about producing and exhibiting film – all about seeing and being seen, projecting images, filmmaking as an industrial craft among other industrial crafts, film as an industrial product, film as a leisure activity, film as a constructor and conveyor of illusion
and in relation to
city symphony films, such as Manhatta (Sheeler and Strand 1921), Berlin: Symphony of a Great City (Ruttman 1927), Moscow (Kaufman 1927), A Bronx Morning (Leyda 1931) and City of Contrasts (Browning 1931) – one of the students later noted formal similarities to films such as Baraka (Fricke 1992)
film poems, such as The Bridge (Ivens 1928), La Tour (Clair 1928), Every Day (Richter 1929), Rain (Ivens 1929) and Daybreak Express (Pennebaker 1953) – the latter of which they saw a few weeks ago on Film Style and Meaning
We also had some questions to think about while watching the film:
How are shots connected to each other? For what reasons does one follow another?
Are there graphic and/or textural matches/contrasts between successive shots?
Are there traces of narrative?
What thematic connections are elaborated across the film?
Think about binary oppositions: male/female, public/private, work/leisure, humans/machines, cameraman/people, capturing the city/intervening in the city
I had to stay for the start of the screening to check something in the first few minutes of the film – and ended up watching the whole thing again for the second time in less than 48 hours. I love this movie more every time I see it.
The lecture began with some more framing of the film (next year, I need to try to get the lecture scheduled before the film, if possible).
Viva Paci describes the emergence of cinema as ‘part of the euphoria of modernity’. Like ‘other fetish phenomena typical of modernity, such as billboards, posters, expositions and store shelves’, cinema is ‘merchandise that makes itself visible, turning its presence into spectacle’ (126).Last week we saw, in Modern Times, the centrality of the department store to modern urban experience, and Man with a Movie Camera directly addresses some of these other phenomena. For example, in the early sequence of a sleeping woman slowly waking, there are cut-aways to a detail from a poster, which later is revealed as the poster for a film called The Awakening (of a woman).
I outlined some of the ways in which many early actualité films shared the same drive as expositions and world’s fairs to expose mass audiences to new technologies and views/simulations of distant and exotic lands (and as this week is also thinking a little bit more about urban alienation and disorientation, it is not insignificant that the first known US serial killer, HH Holmes, stalked in and around the 1893 Chicago World’s Fair).
Paci also relates cinema to
exoticism (as found in the era’s expositions and in the Paris arcades celebrated by Baudelaire and Benjamin), train journeys (and the new visions of the landscape in movement and the proliferation of perspectives they offered), advances in the faculty of sight (from the air, for example, or with microscopes) and the improvements to fantastic images [that] had already fed the collective imaginative identity extended [and] new aesthetic habits. (125)
Annoyingly, I could not find my copy of The World of Tomorrow (Bird and Johnson 1984) to show off some 1939 New York World’s Fair footage, so instead we focused on the connections to trains and new technologies of vision. An 1861 quote form Benjamin Gastineau best captures train travel as proleptic of watching a programme of short films such as the Lumière brothers first charged an audience to see at Le Salon Indien du Grand Café on 28 December 1895:
Devouring distance at the rate of fifteen leagues an hour, the steam engine, that powerful stage manager, throws the switches, changes the décor, and shifts the point of view every moment; in quick succession it presents the astonished traveller with happy scenes, sad scenes, burlesque interludes, brilliant fireworks, all visions that disappear as soon as they are seen. (Schivelbusch 63)
We spoke about Hale’s Tours (launched, of course, at an exposition – the 1904 St Louis Exhibition) and train films and, of course, Edison’s Railroad Smashup (1904), for which the film company bought two decommissioned trains and crashed them into each other. If we had way more time, I would also have shown the remarkable train crashes from Orlacs hände (Wiene 1924) and Spione (Lang 1928), the sequence shot from the front of the train in Bulldog Jack (Forde 1935) and the opening of La bête humaine (Renoir 1938) to show how this fascination continued on into narrative cinema, and is in some ways the visual precursor of the jump to lightspeed/hyperspace, etc.
For new technologies of vision, we recalled some work from Film Style and Meaning on Eadweard Muybridge’s motion studies and Étienne-Jules Marey’s chronophotography – examples of pre-cinema which also lead to Frederick Taylor’s ‘scientific management’ of the workplace, suggested in both Modern Times and Man with a Movie Camera – and the similarities that can be found in such contemporaneous art as Marcel Duchamp’s Nude Descending a Staircase, no.2 (1912). And, of course, we watched Cheese Mites (Duncan 1903) and Percy Smith’s The Birth of a Flower (1910) and his juggling fly films to see how microscopes and time-lapse photography could show human eyes things our eyes could otherwise not see. We looked at some views of Paris from the top of the Eiffel Tower in Paris qui dort (Clair 1925) – aerial views of a kind previously only accessible to people in aircraft and construction workers – and also at Onésime horloger (Durand 1908), in which the protagonist, frustrated that he cannot get his inheritance until he is older, speeds up the Paris city clock: a series of gags are played out, made funny by the accelerated pace of the action; and undercranked footage played back at regular speed sees pedestrians dash through the city, even more harried than usual by the regulation of life by clocks (which, of course, connects back to railroads, factories and other disciplinary institutions). .
We then turned to Soviet montage, and again I was able to connect back to some work on editing and montage from Film Style and Meaning. I began by introducing the key figures and their most important films:
Sergei Eisenstein – Strike (1925), Battleship Potemkin (1925), October (1927), The General Line (1929), Alexander Nevsky (1939), Ivan the Terrible, parts 1 and 2 (1944, 1945)
Lev Kuleshov – The Extraordinary Adventures of Mr West in the Land of the Bolsheviks (1924)
Vsevolod Pudovkin – Mother (1926), The End of St Petersburg (1927), Storm over Asia (1928)
Esfir Shub – The Fall of the Romanov Dynasty (1927), creator of the compilation film – who also fleetingly appears in Man with a Movie Camera
Dziga Vertov – Kino-Pravda (1925-28), A Sixth of the World (1926), Man with a Movie Camera (1929), Three Songs of Lenin (1934), Lullaby (1937)
Yelizaveta Svilova, who plays the editor in Man with a Movie Camera as well as editing it and others of her husband’s films before becoming a director herself in the 1940s (her brother-in-law, Mikhail Kaufman. also shot several of his brother’s films, including Man with a Movie Camera, in which he also plays the cameraman)
A quick description of the Kuleshov effect gave me the excuse I’ve been looking for to show off the actorly range of lardy racist Steven Seagal, before reminding students of Eisenstein’s theoretical discussion of montage and the analysis they had done of the clash of images in the sequence from Strike in which the assault on the workers is intercut with the slaughter of the bull in the abattoir. Plus, some lions.
We then finally discussed Man with a Movie Camera in some detail, picking out moments such as:
the intercutting of the woman rubbing her eyes, the shutters of her window-blinds opening and closing, the camera shutter – associative editing, detecting similarities and differences between phenomena, sketching out relations between organic and mechanical actions
the superimposition of the eye on the camera lens – a kind of cyborg melding of mechanical means and human consciousness, emphasising differences in kinds of vision
the splitscreens in which the cameraman towers over the city – part of the depiction of the cameraman as an heroic figure that runs throughout the film, and of the celebration of the camera’s ability to see anywhere, but also with a hint of surveillance (there is one shot in the film in which the camera is positioned high above the street and seems to move autonomously, like a CCTV camera)
the stop-motion animation of the camera, giving it life – animating it, as the camera/projector does with each still image it captures/projects
the shots which show something hurtling towards or passing over the camera, and the following shots which reveal how it is done
Svilova editing the film, and the later placement of the frames in the film, animated and given a context
industrial footage, especially of rotating devices and interlocking gears that recall the mechanism of the camera/projector – and nice to see a sewing machine included, since the camera/projector borrowed from sewing machine technology the intermittence device that allows individual frames to be held momentarily in place to capture/project each individual image
the skill of manual labour, such as the woman making cigarette packages, but also how machine-like it is in its endless speed, precision and repetition
the obsession with trains and trams, constantly on the verge of catastrophic collision
the shop-window mannequins that wake up and come to life along with the humans, awoken by the presence of the sun (or the camera)
the world being captured unawares vs. people’s reactions when they know they are being filmed – and that film is present in the world not just as labour and recorder but also as projection, cinema, leisure activity
the use of freezeframes and slow motion, recalling the material basis of film (the photogram), the role of editing, and those early motion studies of Muybridge and Marey
The final section of class was about Tom Gunning’s discussion of the cinema of attractions. Early film history used to be told in terms of a tension or conflict between two approaches to cinema that ultimately and somehow inevitably resulted in the dominance of narrative cinema. These tensions were rooted in a distinction between:
Auguste and Louis Lumière’s ‘realist’ actualité films (i.e., views of the real world or actuality footage), that mostly eschewed anything but the most minimal of narrative form; see Baby’s Breakfast (1895) or Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat (1895) or the non-Lumière Black Diamond Express and Electrocuting an Elephant (1903)
Georges Méliès fantastical féerie films (i.e., ‘trick films’ organised around special effects) that, because of the nature of many of his gags and routines, contain some more obvious narrative structuration; see The India Rubber Head (1901) or A Trip to the Moon (1902).
Tom Gunning and others have, over the last thirty years, argued against this view, finding that despite superficial differences both approaches to filmmaking shared something profoundly fundamental in common: a basic exhibitionist impulse to present an audience with ‘a series of views’ that are ‘fascinating because of their illusory power’. Reality/fantasy, actuality/staged, non-narrative/narrative are pretty much red herrings in the first decade of cinema.
We then spend some time working on this long passage to get a better sense of what Gunning means by cinema of attractions:
To summarize, the cinema of attractions directly solicits spectator attention, inciting visual curiosity, and supplying pleasure through an exciting spectacle – a unique event, whether fictional or documentary, that is of interest in itself. The attraction to be displayed may also be of a cinematic nature, such as the early close-ups just described, or trick films in which a cinematic manipulation (slow motion, reverse motion, substitution, multiple exposure) provides the film’s novelty. Fictional situations tend to be restricted to gags, vaudeville numbers or recreations of shocking or curious incidents (executions, current events). It is the direct address of the audience, in which an attraction is offered to the spectator by a cinema showman, that defines this approach to filmmaking. Theatrical display dominates over narrative absorption, emphasizing the direct stimulation of shock or surprise at the expense of unfolding a story or creating a diegetic universe. The cinema of attractions expends little energy creating characters with psychological motivations or individual personality. Making use of both fictional and non-fictional attractions, its energy moves outward towards an acknowledged spectator rather than inward towards the character-based situations essential to classical narrative. … An attraction aggressively subjected the spectator to ‘sensual or psychological impact’. … a montage of such attractions, creat[es] a relation to the spectator entirely different from his absorption in ‘illusory depictions’.
And then it was time to discuss the essay due next week.
Incidentally, 20% of the class really enjoyed Man with a Movie Camera, 20% liked specific parts of it, and 60% declined to comment
Berman, Berman. All That Is Solid Melts into Air: The Experience of Modernity. London: Penguin, 1998.
–. On the Town: One Hundred Years of Spectacle in Times Square. London: Verso, 2009
Feldman, Seth. “‘Peace Between Man and Machine”: Dziga Vertov’s The Man with the Movie Camera.” Documenting the Documentary: Close Readings of Documentary Film and Video. Ed. Barry Keith Grant and Jeanette Sloniowski. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1998. 40–54.
Gunning, Tom. “An Aesthetic of Astonishment: Early Film and the (In)credulous Spectator.” Film Theory and Criticism. 7th ed. Ed. Leo Braudy and Marshall Cohen. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. 736–750.
Keiller, Patrick. “Urban Space and Early Film.” Cities in Transition: The Moving Image and the Modern Metropolis. Ed. Andrew Webber and Emma Wilson. London: Wallflower, 2008. 29–39.
Paci, Viva. “The Attraction of the Intelligent Eye: Obsessions with the Vision Machine in Early Film Theories.”, The Cinema of Attractions Reloaded. Ed. Wanda Strauven. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2006. 121–137.
Roberts, Graham. The Man with the Movie Camera. London: IB Tauris, 2000.
Strathausen, Carsten. “Uncanny Spaces: The City in Ruttmann and Vertov.” Screening the City. Ed. Mark Shiel and Tony Fitzmaurice. London: Verso, 2003. 15–40.
Strauven, Wanda. ed. The Cinema of Attractions Reloaded. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2006.
Webber, Andrew. “Symphony of a City: Motion Pictures and Still Lives in Weimar Berlin.” Cities in Transition: The Moving Image and the Modern Metropolis. Ed. Andrew Webber and Emma Wilson. London: Wallflower, 2008. 56–71.
Cities are often depicted as so alienating and disorienting that their denizens are driven to madness of various sorts, as in Fyodor Dostoevsky’s The Double (1926), Patrick Hamilton’s Hangover Square: A Tale of Darkest Earl’s Court (1941), Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man (1952), Bret Easton Ellis’s American Psycho (1991) and Erik Larson’s non-fiction The Devil in the White City (2003).
Cities can also offer possibilities for freedom, as in Muriel Sparks’s The Girls of Slender Means (1963) and Patricia Highsmith’s The Price of Salt (1952), and for metamorphosis, as in chapters 6–7 of Stella Gibbons’s Cold Comfort Farm (1932) and chapter 11 of Agatha Christie’s The Moving Finger (1942), in which trips to London transform rural girls into a glamorous ladies.
Other city ‘symphony’ films include Manhatta (Sheeler and Strand 1921), Berlin: Symphony of a Great City (Ruttman 1927), Moscow (Kaufman 1927), A Bronx Morning (Leyda 1931) and City of Contrasts (Browning 1931). Some film poems, such as The Bridge (Ivens 1928), La Tour (Clair 1928), Every Day (Richter 1929), Rain (Ivens 1929) and Daybreak Express (Pennebaker 1953), are clearly related, as are such contemporary films as London Orbital (Petit and Sinclair 2002), Finisterre (Evans and Kelly 2003) and What Have You Done Today Mervyn Day? (Evans 2005).
People on Sunday (Siodmak and Ulmer 1930) combines a city symphony with a narrative about a group of young people played by non-professional actors.
Films of urban transformation include Theodora Goes Wild (Boleslawski 1936), Vertigo (Hitchcock 1958), The Apartment (Wilder 1960) and Better than Chocolate (Wheeler 1999).
Films of urban derangement include The Testament of Dr Mabuse (Lang 1933), Repulsion (Polanksi 1965), Taxi Driver (Scorsese 1976) and American Psycho (Harron 2000).
Urban transformation and derangement come together in disturbing ways in Videodrome (Cronenberg 1983), Tetsuo: The Iron Man (Tsukamoto 1989), Tokyo Fist (Tsukamoto 1995), Mulholland Drive (Lynch 2001) and A Snake of June (Tsukamoto 2002).
Posted on November 5, 2015 December 7, 2015 Categories Film, The City in Fiction and FilmTags 1893 Chicago World’s Fair, 1904 St Louis Exhibition, 1939 New York World's Fair, Agatha Christie, alain resnais, Alain Robbe-Grillet, alfred hitchcock, Anne Wheeler, Auguste Lumière, Étienne-Jules Marey, Baudelaire, Benjamin Gastineau, Billy Wilder, bret easton ellis, chaplin, Charles Sheeler, Chris Petit, DA Pennebaker, david cronenberg, david lynch, dziga vertov, eadweard muybridge, Edgar Ulmer, Edison, Erik Larson, Esfir Shub, F Martin Duncam, Frederick Taylor, fritz lang, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Georges Méliès, Hale’s Tours, Hans Richter, HH Holmes, Iain Sinclair, Irving Browning, Jay Leyda, Jean Durand, Jean Renoir, Joris Ivens, Lance Bird, Lev Kuleshov, Louis Lumière, Marcel Duchamp, Mark Shiel, Marshall Berman, Martin Scorsese, Mary Harron, Mikhail Kaufman, Muriel Sparks, Patricia Highsmith, patrick hamilton, Patrick Keiller, Paul Strand, Percy Smith, Ralph Ellison, René Clair, Richard Boleslawski, robert siodmak, Robert Wiene, Roman Polanski, Ron Fricke, Saint Etienne, Sergei Eisenstein, Stella Gibbons, Steven Seagal, Tom Gunning, Tom Johnson, tsukamoto shinya, Viva Paci, Vsevolod Pudovkin, walter benjamin, walter Forde, Walter Ruttmann, Wanda Strauven, Wolfgang Schivelbusch, Yelizaveta SvilovaLeave a comment on The City in Fiction and Film, week seven
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Interactive Bike Brings Studio Cycling Classes Into Your Home
By Anita Li 2013-06-26 06:17:58 UTC
Forget working out — dragging yourself to the gym after a long day at work is a feat in itself.
One New York-based company seeks to eliminate this time-consuming commute by developing an at-home exercise bike that maintains the interactivity of a group setting through technology.
The Peloton Bike's main feature is its 21.5-inch full HD touchscreen display, which when connected to Wi-Fi, provides "live and on-demand" indoor cycling classes led by instructors. It also includes a front-facing camera and microphone, so users can interact with fellow cyclists, as well as a Bluetooth and ANT+ radio that can connect to heart-rate monitors and wireless headphones or speakers.
"Your Peloton homescreen provides quick access to fantastic classes broadcast to you live or on-demand. Choose your favorite instructor, class type or find a ride that's popular with your friends." Peloton says on its Kickstarter page.
"Live classes are broadcast from Peloton's studio in NYC on a regular basis each day and new on-demand classes are always added to the on-demand library, so you can get a great workout anytime."
The Peloton Bike isn't cheap, however — backers can get it by pledging a cool $1,500 (and that's just the "early-bird special").
So far, the company has raised just over half of its $250,000 goal on Kickstarter, with 28 days left in its campaign.
Would you use the Peloton Bike? Tell us in the comments, below.
Image courtesy of Kickstarter, Peloton
Topics: Gadgets, Health & Fitness, Lifestyle
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Gollum Channels Miley Cyrus in 'Wrecking Ball' Cover
By Molly Horan 2013-10-16 03:57:35 UTC
Miley Cyrus' tears look real in her video for "Wrecking Ball," but the pop star can only channel a potential 20 years of pain.
Gollum, on the other hand, can tap into six centuries of heartbreak.
See also: 10 Emojis We Wish Existed
YouTuber Ijameswalters, who already used his impression skills to create Gollum covers of "I Dreamed a Dream" and "I Miss You," worked in a few rewrites on the Miley hit to make it more appropriate for Middle-earth.
Now all that's left is a question: Who would win in a battle of destruction, Miley's wrecking ball or Gollum's mountain troll?
BONUS: 14 Most Entertaining YouTube Cover Songs
14 Most Entertaining YouTube Cover Songs
"Somebody That I Used to Know" (Gotye Cover) by Walk off the Earth
Take five indie performers from Ontario, then combine with one smash hit that the radio stations just won't stop playing, and you get Walk off the Earth's (WOTE) cover of Gotye's "Somebody That I Used to Know."
WOTE performed the entire song with five people using one guitar, an incredibly creative performance that scored them a ton of views, a spot on the Ellen DeGeneres Show and even praise from the original artist himself.
"Viva La Vida" (Coldplay Cover) by Aston
While you might not have been gripping the edge of your seat, dying to hear a Coldplay cover, the Australian group Aston manages to breathe fascinating new life into the song. Using classical techniques and a surprisingly classy sound, this version of "Viva La Vida" is actually a lot of fun.
"We Found Love" (Rihanna Cover) by Lindsey Stirling
Violinist Lindsey Stirling went to Kenya to cover Rihanna's "We Found Love." Most of the people she encountered had never heard or even seen a violin before her performance. After returning to the United States, Stirling said, "We couldn't understand each other's language but that is why it was so powerful. Two completely different cultures were able to connect as we shared our form of music..."
"Home" (Cover) by "I am a Star" Top 14
Fourteen performers created this video for Scot Alan in thanks for his "I am a star" contest, an American Idol competition for YouTube singers. Whether you're familiar with the song or not, the performance is powerful and moving. You don't often get to hear vocals like this, let alone on YouTube.
"What Makes You Beautiful" (One Direction Cover) by ThePianoGuys
Whether or not you're a fan of One Direction's original song, this team brings a whole new zeal to the performance by putting the whole team around a single piano to create all the sound effects. That's the way you make an otherwise standard song absolutely enthralling.
"Hallelujah" (Leonard Cohen Cover) by Karise Eden
Karise Eden covered Leonard Cohen's "Hallelujah" for The Voice Australia. It seems like every singer needs to cover this song some time in their career, which is why it's a pleasure to hear Eden bring so much emotion and strength to the song.
"Cello Wars" (Star Wars Parody) Lightsaber Duel by ThePianoGuys
In another gem from ThePianoGuys, Steven Sharp Nelson has a cello duel with himself in this Star Wars parody. With an accordion-toting Darth Vader, there's a lot to love about this video. If you're so inclined, "Cello Wars" is available on iTunes.
"Wonderwall" (Oasis Cover) by Jake Coco
You couldn't step into a coffee shop or mall anytime during the late '90s without hearing "Wonderwall," making it one heck of a song to cover. Jake Coco pulls it off by somehow adding more moodiness and emotion to the tune, no mean feat by any standard. If you want a soundtrack while you're crying into your java, this should definitely be your go-to cover.
"Sexy and I Know It" (LMFAO Cover) by Noah
When you first see 18-year-old Noah in this video, you could not possibly predict the voice coming from this guy. But as soon as he picks up his rendition of "Sexy and I Know It" by LMFAO, you'll be hooked. That voice landed him a guest spot on NBC's Today Show for very good reason. And yes, he covers "Somebody That I Used To Know," just like everybody else.
"Just A Dream" (Nelly Cover) by Sam Tsui and Christina Grimmie
Sam Tsui is a bit of YouTube legend. He teamed up with Christina Grimmie to cover Nelly's "Just a Dream." With mind-blowing vocals, Tsui and Grimmie create one of the most impressive performance covers you will see on YouTube. The astounding part isn't a technical trick or clever method; it's just the raw beauty of their voices.
"Beat It" (Michael Jackson Cover) by Igor Presnyakov
Igor Presnyakov presents something a little different by covering Michael Jackson's classic "Beat It" on acoustic guitar. It's a skillful cover that reinterprets Jackon's original, which is a refreshing change from just "new people singing the same song."
"Look At Me Now" (Chris Brown ft. Lil Wayne, Busta Rhymes Cover) by Karmin
We watched this video, and then we watched it again to understand what we had just seen. Amy of Karmin rips through the raps in "Look at Me Now" by Chris Brown with Lil Wayne and Busta Rhymes. Nick works the keyboard, and you really just need to see the video to believe it.
"The Lazy Song" (Bruno Mars Cover) by Megan Nicole
Bruno Mars's "The Lazy Song" was already a little crazy, so how do you up the ante on that? Megan Nicole did it by putting her dancers in simian masks and pajamas. It's a little nuts, but that's what you get with "The Lazy Song."
"I'm Yours" (Jason Mraz Cover) by Unknown Amazing Kid
We close up this round-up of incredible covers with this little guy tackling Jason Mraz's "I'm Yours" on his ukelele. It's a classic video at this point, having first made its rounds in 2009, but it still holds a special place in our hearts. We think you'll agree it's adorable. (He's also mastered "While My Guitar Gently Weeps," if you need just a little more.)
Homepage image: YouTube, Ijameswalters
Molly Horan
Molly Horan was an editorial intern at Mashable. She's worked as an editorial fellow at Buzzfeed.com and an editorial intern at Dosomething.org and Crushable.com. Her web writing has also been published on Flavorwire.com, Sparknotes.com, and Nerve.co...More
Topics: miley cyrus, Video, Videos, viral video, Culture
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Home / Publications / eJournal
CNN senior analyst, best-selling author Jeffrey Toobin to keynote 2017 Annual Dinner
Thursday, Dec. 15, 2016
Attend this annual event as a sponsor
The Massachusetts Bar Association is pleased to announce that Jeffrey Toobin will deliver the keynote address at the 2017 Annual Dinner on Thursday, May 4, at the Westin Boston Waterfront.
A high-profile senior analyst for CNN and staff writer for The New Yorker, Toobin is one of the country's most esteemed experts on politics, media and the law. With unparalleled journalistic skill, Toobin has provided analysis on some of the most provocative and important events of our time. The author of critically acclaimed works, such as The Nine, The Oath, Too Close to Call and The Run of His Life, Toobin's books have been on the New York Times Best Seller list. The Nine, which delved into the historical, political and personal inner workings of the Supreme Court and its justices, was named one of the best books of the year by Time, Newsweek, Entertainment Weekly and the Economist. In February 2016, FX's American Crime Story: People vs. O.J., premiered -- a mini-series based on Toobin's book, The Run of His Life, which featured an all-star cast including Cuba Gooding Jr. as O.J. Simpson.
"We are honored to have Mr. Toobin address the Massachusetts legal community at our hallmark event of the association year," said MBA President Jeffrey N. Catalano. "As an esteemed attorney, an award-winning author about the Supreme Court, and a senior CNN legal analyst, Mr. Toobin can provide unique insight and perspective into the current state of our legal, judicial and political systems."
Toobin received his bachelor's degree from Harvard College and graduated magna cum laude from Harvard Law School, where he was an editor of the Harvard Law Review. After a six-year tenure at ABC News, where he covered the country's highest-profile cases and received a 2000 Emmy Award for his coverage of the Elian Gonzales custody saga, Toobin joined CNN as a legal analyst in 2002. A staff writer for The New Yorker since 1993, he has authored articles on subjects, such as the Bernie Madoff scandal and the case of Roman Polanski, and written profiles of U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts and Justices Clarence Thomas, Stephen Breyer and John Paul Stevens. His article for The New Yorker, "An Incendiary Defense," broke the news that the O.J. Simpson defense team planned to accuse Mark Fuhrman of planting evidence and to play "the race card."
Prior to joining The New Yorker, Toobin served as an Assistant United States Attorney in Brooklyn, New York. He also served as an associate counsel in the Office of Independent Counsel Lawrence E. Walsh, an experience that provided the basis for his first book, Opening Arguments. His latest book, American Heiress: The Wild Saga of the Kidnapping, Crimes and Trial of Patty Hearst, came out in August 2016.
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Click here for a printable PDF outlining the above sponsorship opportunities. For additional information call (617) 338-0530.
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Notable & Quotable: In Other News
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Book Review: Peak — Secrets from the New Science of Expertise
John F. McGowan, Ph.D. Applied Math, General, History, Math Education January 29, 2017 5 Comments
Peak — Secrets from the New Science of Expertise
by Anders Ericsson and Robert Pool
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston, 216
How does one become an expert mathematician? How does one become one of the best mathematician’s in the world?
In 2008, New Yorker magazine science writer Malcolm Gladwell popularized an answer in his bestseller Outliers: ten-thousand hours of a special kind of practice called “deliberate practice.” Gladwell, whose father is a mathematics professor, attributed success in essentially all fields to this seemingly simple rule, citing examples including Bill Gates, the Beatles, and theoretical physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer amongst others.
Malcolm Gladwell speaks at PopTech! 2008 conference.
Both in the book and in his book promotion presentations, several of which are available on YouTube, Gladwell cited the research of psychologist K. Anders Ericsson on expert and peak performance. Ericsson coined or at least heavily promoted the phrase “deliberate practice” in academic research. Ericsson indeed attributes expert and peak performance largely to many hours of “deliberate practice,” although not specifically ten-thousand hours. Ericsson and his collaborators have written many scientific research papers and scholarly books on deliberate practice. His work was little known to the general public prior to the publication of Outliers.
Peak — Secrets from the New Science of Expertise is a popular version of Ericsson’s work written with veteran science writer Robert Pool. It is written in a more accessible, lighter, less dry style than Ericsson’s scholarly books and research articles. It discusses his major research projects and results without the extensive, sometimes mind-numbing detail of a scholarly book or research paper. In a number of respects, this is a “self-help” book although the scholarship and level of technical detail is much higher than many self help books.
The Good Points
Peak is clear, well-written, and easy to read. It is an accessible overview of Ericsson’s research and his theories of expert and peak performance with citations to scholarly papers and sources in the detailed end notes. It is an easier read than his scholarly papers and books and probably a better place to start. Peak gives the reader Ericsson’s actual data and opinions direct from the horse’s mouth. He spells out the differences between his actual work and Gladwell’s interpretation in the subsection “No, the Ten-Thousand-Hour Rule isn’t Really a Rule” in Chapter Four: The Gold Standard (pages 109-114 in my copy).
The book and Ericsson’s work in general makes a great case for the critical role of some sort of practice in nearly all cases of expert or best performance. In general, it takes several thousand hours of some sort of practice to reach expert or best performance levels.
A specific kind of practice — heavy practice and drilling of relatively rare moves or situations such as the back-hand in tennis (a favorite example of Ericsson) — appears to be necessary and perhaps the only real requirement for expert or peak performance in some fields such as tennis. At times this fairly specific type of practice appears to be what Ericsson means by deliberate practice.
What is Deliberate Practice?
The major weakness of the book and Ericsson’s work in general is the vague, shifting definition of “deliberate practice.” Ericsson unintentionally gives an example of this problem on page 75 of the book:
For example, when we presented our initial [book] proposal to our agent Elyse Cheney, she and her colleagues had trouble understanding deliberate practice clearly. In particular, they didn’t get what separates deliberate practice from other forms of practice, other than that it is more effective.
Peak takes over three chapters and ninety-six pages to work its way up to actually defining deliberate practice in the subsection “The Principles of Deliberate Practice” in Chapter Four: The Gold Standard (pages 97-100 in my copy). Deliberate practice actually appears to be defined in seven lengthy bullet points on pages 99 (all of the page) and 100 (about half the page).
Many of the bullet points in the definition are quite vague and even don’t always seem to match the examples given in the book. For example, Ericsson emphasizes solitary practice as a characteristic of deliberate practice, but then cites a new freshman physics education program at the University of British Columbia (UBC) that emphasizes breaking the students into collaborative groups as an example of deliberate practice in action.
The vague definition of deliberate practice makes it difficult and perhaps impossible to disprove — falsify in the language of Karl Popper — the thesis that expert performance is a direct, presumably monotonically increasing function of the quantity of deliberate practice, most often measured by hours of practice.
For example, Peak discusses a study that Ericsson and his collaborators did of top violin students at the elite Berlin University of Arts (Universitat der Kunste Berlin). This study divided the students into three groups: ten “good” students, ten “better” students, and ten “best” students as rated by professors at the University. Perhaps not surprisingly, on average the “best” students had more lifetime hours of practice than the “better” who in turn had more lifetime hours of practice than the merely “good” students.
According to Ericsson, Malcolm Gladwell pulled his ten-thousand hour number from this study. On average twenty year old students at the school had ten-thousand hours of “deliberate practice” — Ericsson defined the violin practice as deliberate practice. Note that twenty year old violin students are not professional or world champion violinists yet. In fact, Ericsson notes that professional expert violinists typically have more like twenty-thousand hours of practice under their belt. Ericsson also notes that ten-thousand hours is an average for the twenty year old students; there was significant variation from student to student.
The big problem is that these numbers are averages. Some of the “best” violinists had significantly fewer hours of practice than other of the “best” violinists. Could this in fact be due to some innate aptitude for violin, a concept Ericsson rejects vehemently? Certainly!
In “The Role of Deliberate Practice in Chess Expertise” by Neil Charness, Michael Tuffiash, Ralfe Krampe (one of Ericsson’s collaborators in the violin study), Eyal Reingold, and Ekaterina Vayukova (Applied Cognitive Psychology, Volume 19, pages 151-165 (2005)) the authors find that only forty percent (40 %) of the variance in chess skill ratings, less than half, can be explained by a multivariate linear regression model using hours of practice as one of the variables. It is true that practice is the single largest explanatory variable, but a lot remains unexplained. As I will discuss below, studies of chess play an outsized role in Ericsson and his collaborators research — and in Peak.
Both everyday experience, anecdotal data, and research studies often show substantial unexplained variation in the amount of practice associated with expert or peak performance. This could easily indicate the contribution of innate aptitude, possibly genetic in nature, or some other entirely unidentified factor or factors.
How does Ericsson get around this? It is here that the vague, shifting, plastic definition of deliberate practice comes into play. Perhaps the practice was not all of the same quality. Five thousand hours with a very good teacher or coach might beat seven thousand hours of practice with a merely good teacher or coach. Perhaps the students who needed more practice weren’t always focusing on their practice, a requirement that Ericsson includes in his lengthy definition of deliberate practice:
Deliberate practice is deliberate, that is, it requires a person’s full attention and conscious actions. It isn’t enough to simply follow a teacher’s or coach’s directions. The student must concentrate on the specific goal for his or her practice activity so that adjustments can be made to control practice.
Absent telepathy or a mind-reading machine, there is simply no way to be sure if a person was applying “full attention” to practice. What exactly is the definition of full attention?
Since expert or peak performance in field after field after field is highly correlated with substantial amounts of study and practice — a position very few contest — it is extremely difficult to rule out the deliberate practice theory given the vague definition of the term. One needs to find very rare, very unusual examples of people who perform at an expert or peak level with essentially no or minimal practice, perhaps a few hundred hours of practice at most. The high jumper Donald Thomas from David Epstein’s book The Sports Gene which Ericsson attempts to debunk in Chapter Eight: What about Natural Talent? may be such a rare example. In practice, rare examples can easily be dismissed as flukes or frauds.
Methodological Weaknesses
The research cited in Peak has a number of methodological weaknesses. Like much research into human beings, it relies heavily on “convenience samples,” in other words people who are easy to recruit into studies, generally undergraduate and graduate students at universities where the researchers live and work. These samples are generally small. Many of the studies cited in the book involve less than one-hundred subjects. The digit memorization study that Ericsson and his collaborators conducted at Carnegie Mellon University involved only three students according to the book: Steve Faloon, Renee Elio, and Dario Donatelli.
Small samples have large statistical errors and are more susceptible to biased sampling, although bias can be a major problem in huge studies with millions of subjects or data points. Students from often elite colleges and universities like Carnegie Mellon are obviously a highly biased sample to start with.
As an aside, the performance of the three subjects in the digit memorization study varied substantially. Steve Faloon and Dario Donatelli performed much better than Renee Elio according to the book, although all three improved with practice. Renee was the only woman in the study and many standardized tests such as the math SAT in the United States and other forms of measurement continue to show that on average women are perform poorer on mathematical tasks than men. Again, the difference in performance between Renee and the two men is inconsistent with the simple deliberate practice theory.
Nearly all the research involves specialized competitive activities such as sports, music and other performing arts, and games such as chess. Chess plays an especially important role in the research which grew out of Ericsson’s mentor Herbert Simon’s research into human cognition through the detailed study of chess.
All of these fields involve short, generally timed or time limited contests or performances. All involve large amounts of time devoted to practice in preparation for these short contests or performances. All of these fields have many decades, even centuries of development. In most cases, the rules and equipment have changed little over the decades or centuries. Many of these fields, notably chess which has played a central role in the research, are heavily male dominated, with few women participating even today.
Although Ericsson is careful to qualify a number of his statements, Ericsson like Malcolm Gladwell in Outliers still endeavors to extrapolate the results of his research on these fields to professions such as medicine and more general business activities.
Deliberate Practice and Mathematics
Cognition and expert/peak performance in chess has been studied extensively by psychologists and others including Adriaan de Groot (a former champion chess player), Ericsson’s mentor Herbert Simon and his collaborator Alan Newell, and many others. Chess is often seen as a highly intellectual activity in which peak performance reflects high intelligence. Thus it has been heavily investigated as a model for other presumably intellectual activities such as scientific research and mathematics. There is much more data and research on chess than on the practice of mathematics.
As Ericsson discusses, this intellectual image of chess is part of our shared popular culture. Movies, television shows, and other art forms often use chess or playing chess to show the deep intellect of characters. The recent movie Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows features a chess game between the hero Sherlock Holmes and his arch-nemesis Professor Moriarty (Moriarty is described as a brilliant mathematician in “The Final Problem” by Arthur Conan Doyle). Chess and chess playing computers play a central role in the short lived science fiction series Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles with the hero John Connor depicted as a chess player and strong hints his ultimate enemy the Skynet supercomputer is derived from a chess-playing computer prototype that appears in the first season. The romantic comedy Penelope goes against the male chess stereotype portraying the eponymous heroine as a chess player easily defeating her suitor in a match.
For those of us interested in mathematics and other quantitative professions, the question has two parts. First, how accurate is the deliberate practice theory of chess? As the article cited above “The Role of Deliberate Practice in Chess Expertise” illustrates, with only forty percent of the variance in chess scores explained by all variables including practice, it is far from clear that deliberate practice provides an adequate theory of performance in chess.
Second, can one extrapolate from studies of chess to mathematics? Chess has a number of similarities to competitive math activities at the high school and college level. According to James Gleick’s biography Genius the theoretical physicist Richard Feynman competed in New York City regional algebra and math contests, winning the city wide contest. He subsequently took the early Putnam Exam in mathematics at MIT, scoring the best of all takers that year.
Fields Medal winning research mathematician Terrence Tao competed in the International Math Olympiad in 1986, 1987, and 1988, winning a bronze, silver, and gold medal. He remains the youngest winner of each of the three medals in the Olympiad’s history, winning the gold medal shortly after his thirteenth birthday. Thus, competitive math activities that resemble chess in a number of ways can clearly be part of the training of a successful research mathematician.
The problem is that research in mathematics, whether basic or applied, differs substantially from short timed contests generally covering known knowledge or methods. The goal of research, including highly applied research for product development, is to come up with something new and generally takes months if not years of effort. Empirically, this effort often involves large amounts of frustrating trial and error. Major discoveries frequently involve mysterious flashes of insight, the “Eureka” or “aha” moment, something that is especially difficult to explain or understand at present.
Some inventors and discoverers like Albert Einstein and his collaborator Marcel Grossman were not as technically proficient in mathematics (or physics) as one might think. Einstein was unable to get into the top physics graduate schools in Europe and ended up getting his Ph.D. at night at the University of Zurich while working as a patent clerk. One of his professors at ETH in Switzerland, Hermann Minkowski, infamously referred to Einstein as “that lazy dog.” David Hilbert easily figured out the equation for General Relativity once Einstein explained the concept to him, whereas Einstein and Grossman struggled with finding the equation, leading to the notorious priority dispute with Hilbert over General Relativity.
One sometimes hears the phrase “it is not a sprint, it is a marathon” to describe some activities. But marathons are only 26.2 miles in length, taking an accomplished runner just a few hours. The current world record time for a marathon, held by Dennis Kimetto of Kenya, is two hours, two seconds, and fifty-seven hundredths of a second (2:02:57).
Research projects, especially major ones, are to short math contests NOT as a sprint to a marathon, but as Lewis and Clark’s Expedition (1804-1806) was to a sprint or a marathon. Not only longer but without a map, with many surprises and unexpected developments along the way, requiring many hard to define skills that a champion sprinter or marathon runner generally lacks.
Valuable time spent drilling and practicing known skills and studying known knowledge may detract from the time needed to explore new ideas and new methods. Some daydreaming and “laziness” may be needed, especially for radically new ideas.
I rated Peak four out of five, primarily because of the vague, shifting definition of deliberate practice in both the book and Ericsson’s scholarly work. The book is good and well worth reading. The book will give many readers insights and good ideas for practicing to improve their skills in math or many other fields. However, the complete theory of deliberate practice seems like a sweeping generalization from studies of a few highly specialized fields such as chess and violin to expertise and peak performance in many quite different fields such as mathematics, particularly applied and basic research mathematics.
The picture of science writer Malcolm Gladwell is from Wikimedia and is licensed under the Creative Commons 2.0 license. The original author of the image is Kris Krug.
© 2017 John F. McGowan
John F. McGowan, Ph.D. solves problems using mathematics and mathematical software, including developing gesture recognition for touch devices, video compression and speech recognition technologies. He has extensive experience developing software in C, C++, MATLAB, Python, Visual Basic and many other programming languages. He has been a Visiting Scholar at HP Labs developing computer vision algorithms and software for mobile devices. He has worked as a contractor at NASA Ames Research Center involved in the research and development of image and video processing algorithms and technology. He has published articles on the origin and evolution of life, the exploration of Mars (anticipating the discovery of methane on Mars), and cheap access to space. He has a Ph.D. in physics from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and a B.S. in physics from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). He can be reached at jmcgowan11@earthlink.net.
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John F. McGowan, Ph.D.
John F. McGowan, Ph.D. solves problems using mathematics and mathematical software, including developing gesture recognition for touch devices, video compression and speech recognition technologies. He has extensive experience developing software in C, C++, MATLAB, Python, Visual Basic and many other programming languages. He has been a Visiting Scholar at HP Labs developing computer vision algorithms and software for mobile devices. He has worked as a contractor at NASA Ames Research Center involved in the research and development of image and video processing algorithms and technology. He has published articles on the origin and evolution of life, the exploration of Mars (anticipating the discovery of methane on Mars), and cheap access to space. He has a Ph.D. in physics from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and a B.S. in physics from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). He can be reached at jmcgowan11@earthlink.net. This article is copyright © of John F. McGowan, Ph.D.
Howard Phillips January 30, 2017
So I don’t need to read the book then.
John F. McGowan, Ph.D. January 30, 2017
It depends on what you are looking for. If you are looking for the magic answer to expert or peak performance, there probably is no book at present with THE answer. It can be helpful to see the best ideas that we presently have on the causes.
Ivan Saveliev March 7, 2017
Thank you for the thorough and unbiased review, adding it to my reading list for the 2017 as it sounds like a nice read!
John F. McGowan, Ph.D. March 13, 2017
A recent critical article on the “10,000 hour rule,”
The 10,000-hour rule is wrong and perpetuates a cruel myth
by David Z. Hambrick, Fernanda Ferreira, and John M. Henderson
http://www.businessinsider.com/the-10000-hour-rule-is-wrong-and-perpetuates-a-cruel-myth-2017-3
This article has a strong emphasis on a genetic explanation for variations in performance rather than other environmental factors or as yet unidentified none-of-the-above factors distinct from “deliberate practice.”
Regarding twin studies, twins raised in the same household are clearly not independent. Identical twins may be treated differently than fraternal twins because they are visibly identical, resulting in a higher correlation between identical twins than fraternal twins. For example, parents may in fact mistake one twin for the other, ensuring very similar treatment.
In studies of twins separated at birth, it remains unclear how strong environmental effects remain in an adoption situation. A significant number of adoptions are not “blind,” in a scientific sense, where the birth parents may even have met or even know the adopting parents well. Ethnic, class, and other social factors almost certainly play a substantial role in adoptions. Many adoptions are arranged through churches and other social organizations, for example: http://catholicadoptiononline.com/
There are folk traditions that identical twins often have a psychic link. If there is any truth to this for whatever reason, then studies of identical twins compared to fraternal twins could be highly misleading with regard to the effect of genetics. Of course, this is far outside modern mainstream science, but science has been wrong before and almost certainly will be found wrong again.
Ivan Saveliev April 1, 2017
Maybe I took it wrong, but for me it looks like authors mixed up terms – ‘practice’ with ‘deliberate practice’, and just called it ‘deliberate practice’ everywhere in the text. While I do believe in people with some genetic aptitude to a specific form of activity, and that if we assume that a gifted person in for e.g. Math and a not a particularly gifted person have spent the same amount of time to deliberate practice, there is a great chance a gifted person will be way ahead. However, this is just an assumption of mine, how I perceive it.
Again thanks a lot for a great article and follow up!
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‘Conan’ Is Becoming a Half-Hour Show in 2019
Big changes are coming to TBS’ Conan. One year after rumors the series would shrink to a weekly format, TBS and Conan O’Brien now confirm the series will instead air four nights a week as a half-hour series, while expanding Team Coco’s focus on digital and live content.
TBS branded the move as “an expanded partnership spanning television, digital, social and live events that will enable the late night icon to capitalize and interact with his multi-generational fan base across platforms.” The retooled Conan will feature “a new, less structured 30-minute format that will have guests and a variety of segments drawn from the newly expanded Team Coco portfolio.” The expansion also includes talent deals with stand-up comedians and a multi-city tour later this year, while O’Brien said of the news:
Since I inherited my Late Night show in 1993, TV has changed exponentially. I’d like to think I have evolved with many of these changes, but now it’s time to take the next leap. A half-hour show will give me the time to do a higher percentage of the comedy in, and out, of the studio that I love and that seems to resonate in this new digital world. It’s still going to be me hosting a very silly show, but I want segments on my half-hour program to link to digital content, deepening the experience for my younger fans, and confusing my older ones.
Last year saw rumors swirling Conan might change its format, of which TBS boss Kevin Reilly acknowledged that some shift would take place eventually. Conan isn’t a huge ratings winner, but does well online with the comedian’s trips to international destinations like Cuba, Berlin and South Korea. As such, the brand will continue to develop hour-long Conan Without Borders specials.
The change won’t take effect until 2019, but will O’Brien have less presence as a half-hour Conan?
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Source: ‘Conan’ Is Becoming a Half-Hour Show in 2019
Filed Under: Conan, conan o'brien
Categories: TV News
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Review - Nelson Mandela's Favorite African Folktales
by Artists for a New South Africa
Review by Wendy C. Hamblet, Ph.D.
Nov 17th 2009 (Volume 13, Issue 47)
Nelson Mandela’s Favorite African Folktales is the audio version of an earlier book, published as Madiba Magic: Mandela’s Favorite Stories for Children (W. W. Norton; Tafelberg Publishers). Produced in 2009 by Artists for a New South Africa, a not-for-profit organization dedicated to alleviating the suffering of children orphaned and impacted by HIV/AIDS, the proceeds from the three-CD audiobook not only combat the effects of the deadly disease that is currently ravaging the continent of Africa, but support youth education and empowerment projects, promote human rights and democracy and reach out beyond South Africa and the continent to build bonds that link nations peacefully, through the arts, culture, and shared missions of social justice. Focusing on the rights of children, NMCF strives to change the way societies see and treat children, by influencing public policy, promoting social awareness, supporting the social integration of disabled children and youth, and providing innovative community support that strengthens village economies.
The collection gathers folktakes from across the African continent, and involves a broad celebrity cast in presenting the stories and songs and music. Contributing artists, to mention but a few celebrities from diverse fields, include Whoopi Goldberg, Matt Damon, Forest Whitaker, Samuel L. Jackson, Charlize Theron, Blair Underwood, Debra Messing, and Ricardo Chavira. Whether you are following a genie into his bottle and to share a glimpse of the strange creatures inhabiting the ocean floor, or sauntering out to the meadow where a shepherd-boy hides the baby sister for which he has long dreamed, you will find the stories spellbinding, the music captivating, the stories morally grounded and didactic.
In a world where good works are so often eclipsed by the destructive products of grand corporate empires, Nelson Mandela’s Favorite African Folktales demonstrates the optimistic truth that the same global networks and technologies that feed corporate greed, fuel wars, and degrade the planet can be co-opted in the service of social justice.
You will buy Nelson Mandela’s Favorite African Folktales because it is a socially responsible purchase. You will listen to it because you are curious to learn how such a broad diversity of talent can be brought together in a single project. But you will listen to it again and again, and share it with your children and your students because nobody knows how to tell a tale as an African can. Perhaps because the African people have suffered and overcome so many obstacles, from imperialism and colonialism, to backhanded evangelism, to imported epidemics, African folktales have an uncanny ability to lay bare the comic tragedy of the human condition in such a way that all listeners become bound by the instructive recognition of our common human frailty. Didactic, charming, compelling, this audiobook would be a worthwhile purchase, even if it did not serve the laudable causes that it does. Bravi, ANSA!
© 2009 Wendy C. Hamblet
Wendy C. Hamblet, Ph.D., North Carolina A&T State University
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Motivational Memos
all about motivation, mentoring, management, teams, appraisal, leadership and the poetry and quirks of life which contribute to this.
Motivation and Psychopathology
One of the truly difficult things to come to terms with is the failure of the ‘system’. By which I mean your system, my system, anybody’s system. It’s as if we invest so much time and effort and creativity into inventing systems that we cannot accept when they fail or crash. The financial crash of 2008 is a classic example. Of course, when we look at it now, it seemed obvious that it had to happen, but as it unfolded at the time there was a general incredulity as to how it could have occurred. Wasn’t the financial sector employing the best brains in the country? Wasn’t the regulation quality assured? Didn’t the politicians and Government actively promote and endorse what was going on? Hm.
All systems fail; just when we think we’ve cracked ‘it’, it cracks! For example, there are many things we can do to improve our recruitment processes, including using psychometrics, systematic interviewing processes, CV checks and so on. Yet, still the duff candidate gets the job and upends the ‘systematic’ procedures.
My own product, Motivational Maps, is a wonderful and systematic device for discovering what motivates and how motivated people are; further, its Reward Strategies package can help managers and directors really identify how to get their teams energized and moving. But there’s always one person for whom the Map doesn’t apply. Strangely, this is not because the Map is inaccurate, but because the Map cannot measure what some people carry around with them: psychopathology!
For these people, whatever their personality traits or their motivational profile, there is a bigger agenda that must be followed. Perhaps a good word for this would be obsession – an obsession that destroys reason, logic and all internal coherence.
Norman F. Dixon’s wonderful book on the Psychology of Military Incompetence has a useful section on the difference between the autocratic (which can sometimes be justified) and the authoritarian leader, which is psychopathological (and cannot be justified).
The behavioural characteristics of the authoritarian personality, he says, are:
(1) Conventionality: a rigid adherence to middle-class values. We all know this person. They always do things ‘by the rules’, to the point at which it becomes almost impossible to be spontaneous or to create anything new. Often, when asked why a certain process is the way it is, or why the company follows certain procedures, the reply will be ‘Because we’ve always done it this way’.
(2) Submissiveness: to the idealized moral authority of the group with which s/he identifies self, and to higher authority. As far as the authoritarian is concerned, hierarchy is all, regardless of hypocrisy, corruption or abuse. If the CEO has ordered that all employees are no longer allowed to drink tea during office hours, then it must be right, regardless of the patent negative impact, and frankly dehumanising ideology behind such a move. You might think that example is far-fetched, but I have seen it in more than one company, where a CEO (or ‘Company President’ where they adopt the American vernacular) is so determined to control his/her workforce, that they are prepared to infringe on the most basic pleasures – making a good cuppa after a tough morning.
(3) Aggressiveness: towards those who violate conventional values. These authoritarian individuals often will behave aggressively towards those who challenge convention, shutting them down, cutting across them while they are mid-way through making a point. Picture the scene, if you will: a team is having a meeting with their middle-manager. One of the team is highly respected by his fellows because of his positive attitude. This respected team member is ‘whacky’, often talking about subjects which are not traditionally work-appropriate, but it is this whackiness which really lifts the spirits of the team on a hard day’s shift. The authoritarian middle-manager opens up the floor at the end of the meeting, asking the team for suggestions. The ‘whacky’ team member takes the opportunity to put up his hand and offer a suggestion. Begrudgingly, the manager let’s them talk, but the others can already sense the hostility. After thirty seconds, the manager interrupts, shutting down the suggestion and deriding it as unworkable, unrealistic, and unhelpful. This behaviour not only reinforces the ‘control’ model of management (talked about in an earlier article), thereby making any attempt to ask for suggestions frankly redundant, but also humiliates one of the colleagues, ostracizing them, and cautionioning the others against befriending them. Of course, often these tactics backfire, as picking out a respected colleague normally only unifies the team against the manager.
(4) Anti-intraceptive: opposes the subjective, the imaginative, the tender-minded. God forbid, that someone use their imagination at work. Authoritarians actively fear those who are creative, because creativity poses a threat to established order. It is ironic that we, as a society, are deeply critical of the rigid inflexibility of medieval thinking (where they quite literally destroyed anything or anyone that opposed the Christian model of understanding) and yet much of the modern business landscape persists with this mode. We attack that which questions, or raises concern, or offers solution.
(5) Stereotypy: disposition to stereotype and think in rigid categories. Have you ever heard your manager talking about an employee that irritates them in broad, borderline offensive terms? It is probably because they are authoritarian and therefore may have a tendency to stereotype (irony intended). For example, how many managers insist their employees are ‘lazy’ or ‘greedy’ when in fact they are worked to death and do not even make a third of what their manager makes? Studies have revealed that only 65% of people are paid for their overtime. The average person loses £4,500 a year from not accurately claiming their overtime. How, then, can so many employees be ‘greedy’ or ‘lazy’ if in fact the majority work more than they are supposed to and get paid less than they have earned? Stereotypy does not permit these facts, however, because they challenge an ordered world. You will often find sexism is a huge part of stereotypy. Women are not paid as much as men, and managers justify this with excuses such as: ‘They’re just going to get pregnant and leave us’ or ‘They don’t work as hard: they spend more time talking’. We must move away from this mode of reductionism, and embrace that all people are unique, as much as possible.
(6) Power: preoccupation with 'strong' leadership, exaggerated assertions of toughness. It is strange that in an increasingly ‘civilised’ world, in which disputes are not settled with our swords or fists but with reason and law, many managers and employees – both male, female and otherwise – feel the need to play up to cave-era standards of machismo. I find this manifests in several ways: the ludicrously loud voice, wielded almost like a sledgehammer; the braggadocio and less-than-friendly banter; the insistent on unhealthy drinking culture on at corporate events. A friend of mine told me about a colleague of his. This colleague, during his qualification period to become a lawyer, made friends with a senior Judge. Despite their age difference, the two had a real affinity. The lawyer was very mature for a young guy in his twenties, the Judge in his late fifties, and the two spoke often of the ills of modern binge-culture, obsessive self-destructive party-going, and the societal damage caused by this behaviour. The Judge was something of a mentor. Needless to say, the lawyer-to-be was therefore very surprised when, on a corporate do, the Judge set a line of ten vodka shots before him and said: ‘If you want to get your training contract, you’re going to have to drink all of these.’ Even the Judge, though in the rational light of day he could offer critique, was unable to escape the authoritarian illusion that people must undergo ‘initiation’ rituals, and prove their ‘toughness’, in order to succeed in life.
(7) Cynical: frequent vilification of others. Always seeing the worst in people, always assuming that they are trying to ‘play the system’ or ‘get as much as they can out of the company’. A salesman I know was once called into an official ‘hearing’ because he had made a mistake on his overtime sheets. He had claimed an extra half-hour than he had actually worked, and his manager had spotted this error. In the meeting, he explained, in a measured fashion, that it was merely an error on his part, because he normally did work those hours, but this week he had left half an hour early for a chiropractor appointment. Effectively, he had filled in the sheet on auto-pilot. He apologised and said he would make up the hours the next week. The managers, however, did not accept this explanation. They continued to grill him, and say that he was trying to ‘extort’ the company and abuse their generosity. At this point, my friend, normally a mild-mannered and wonderfully humourous, a gentle guy, flew off the handle completely. ‘You’re seriously going to do all this for the sake of £5.00?’ he said. Even on overtime, he was being paid only £10.00 an hour. The meanness of this is beyond satire or parody, for the company he works for turns over something like 22 million a year. This kind of behaviour finds its roots in deep cynicism.
(8) Projectivity: the projection outwards of unconscious emotional impulses, so that the world is constantly interpreted as being a dangerous place. For some people, everything is ‘risk’ and nothing is ‘opportunity’. We all know those corporate environments where people spend more time covering their backs (getting everything triple-confirmed via email, for example, because to accept someone’s word on something is too dangerous) than actually working. This is also linked a deep repression, which is particularly prevalent in our society.
(9) 'Puritanical' prurience: exaggerated concern with sexual 'goings-on'. There is a tendency to treat working adults as children. The fact is, it really should not be the concern of upper management what the personal and private relations of two adults are; surely there are more direct concerns to be dealing with!
This is a list which is useful precisely to the degree to which we can measure ourselves along the nine axes. The point is: when we encounter these behaviours in force, few systems of support and explanation are going to help us deal with them. Better to move on if we can, or practise quiet resilience.
Next week, we discuss tools for personal development! Stay tuned to the series coming to a webpage near you!
Posted by James Sale on March 29, 2018 at 04:30 PM in Web/Tech | Permalink | Comments (0)
Tags: authority, dynamics, manager, motivation, personalities, psychopathology, psychopaths, teams, workplace
The Difference Between Quiet and Loud Motivation
Welcome again to the third installment in this webseries on motivation. If you missed the first or second episode, don’t fret, everything here on the internet is eternal (so long as modernity endures, which, in the current state of things, is slightly precarious). This week, we’re going to be looking at the differences between ‘quiet’ and ‘loud’ motivation.
Is it me or is it just a faddish whim I am experiencing when I say I wish to have some quiet motivation? Apparently, we need motivation to get us out of our comfort zone - that area of un-achievement familiar to most people at some period of their life. In that sense, I think motivation is good. But when I talk about quiet motivation I am rebelling against that Animal Farm bleat of ‘comfort zone baaaad, risk-taking gooood’.
A while ago, some ten years or more, I saw a news item on National TV news about a couple whose big idea for marriage was getting hitched on a plane. That image has stuck with me, become a kind of emblem of our time. Yes, that's right, getting hitched on a plane. To be more precise, 3 small bi-planes: they trained so that the minister (who was selected on the basis of having no fear of heights) and couple could all stand on their respective planes a thousand feet up in the air where, using a comms system, they exchanged vows. Again, to be more specific, their standing involved being strapped on the outside of the plane. They were keen to do something different. It certainly was that - as I'm sure their guests observed as they roared overhead.
They were certainly motivated, in one sense, to do something different and highly risky. But performance includes three key ingredients: motivation - they had that; skill - yes, that too, as they didn't fall off; and direction - ah yes, here surely there is something wrong.
What could conceivably be the point of such a performance except to attract publicity - and for what? If it's balanced with the risk to life and limb, what purpose could it serve? Now, ten years on, social media is bigger than it ever was. The majority of young people claim they want to be YouTube stars when they grow up, a recent study revealed. More and more, we are becoming infatuated with the idea of spectacle, public display, and public image. Once, that was the province of kings and emperors – those with the wealth and means to flaunt their immense power – but now everyday people, too, wish to be seen to be doing ‘great’ or ‘daring’ things above all else. And that is the operative word: ‘seen’. Nevermind that so many young people, with the most vibrant and creative social media profiles, commit suicide because the reality of their lives is miserable. Increasingly, our perception of how people are – the seeming joy of their lives reflected in photo-shopped images, doctored videos, and pithy statements of world-affinity – is divorced from the reality.
Of course, the examples I am talking about are very extreme, but it does seem as if that is the way of it: people feeling under tremendous pressure to be different, not to conform, and to take enormous risks over pretty meaningless activities. The irony is that in striving not to conform they become part of the amalgamated flock, because this is the zeitgeist of the times.
The world of motivation is also full of this sort of stuff. Companies book ludicrously expensive trips for their employees, at the behest of motivational gurus, to walk on fire, bungee-jump, or trek up mountains. Whilst there is nothing wrong with these activities in and of themselves, there must be a reason for it. There must be ‘direction’. I am reminded of a story my son once told me. My son, in his spare time, is an avid tabletop wargamer. He collects miniatures, paints them, and sends them to battle on 4’ x 4’ boards lavishly decorated with miniature scenery. Contrary to the view that wargamers are isolated, anti-social people, the wargaming community is extremely active, some gamers meeting up two or three times a week to socialize, play games, and talk about their shared passion. How much healthier is this than the Friday-night drinking sessions that most people need to get through the week?
But this aside, a few years ago my son was talking to one of the staff members working at Games Workshop, who said that, as they had some new staff in, they had been sent on a paintballing day by management. You might think that this fits the bill of what I was discussing about earlier: something extreme without a real point. But, it is different, because of course paintballing ties in with the wargaming hobby the staff so love, and is a game where people must bond, and work together, in order to overcome an obstacle. ‘Team-building’ is the oft-dreaded phrase for it.
The Games Workshop staff-member, who my son idolized at the time, said that, unbeknownst to them, the paintballing marshals had pitted the ‘nerds’ against an assortment of navy, infantry, and paratroopers on their off-season. Expecting a massacre, it transpired that the Games Workshop staff had a few tricks up their sleeves. Years of devoting every spare moment to customizing armies, enacting military strategies, and visualizing warfare from a bird’s eye view, meant that they were much more tactically fluid than the infantry they were up against, who were used to following orders from higher-ups. The ‘nerds’ from Games Workshop beat them handily, to the utter astonishment of all parties involved. Imagine the joy, the sense of achievement and bonding, they experienced at the end of the day. That is ‘team building’ and ‘loud’ motivation done right.
The Games Workshop day worked because of the type of staff the company was dealing with, the type of company and products and experiences they were offering, and the fact that they were introducing a new member of staff to the team. It’s not for everyone. In fact, for many people, a day of paintballing, squatting in smelly, mud-slick trenches, would be their idea of hell. To pull off ‘loud’ motivation, you have to tap into the unique feeling and wants of your staff at a specific moment in time. ‘Quiet’ motivation, however, is far more universal, far less expensive, and doesn’t lead to a thirst for always getting bigger and bigger (once you take your employees on a trip, most will expect a bigger trip next year). The fact is that many of us are worked half to death, and the endless pressure to ‘keep up appearances’ and go to parties and social events in our personal life is exhausting enough, let alone socialising extensively with our work colleagues.
So, we must find ways to recharge our batteries, recuperate, re-align. For many people, the idea of relaxing is synonymous with watching TV (particularly with the advent of systems like Netflix, wonderful though they are). But the problem with this is screens in general – computer screens, monitors, TV screens, even Kindle screens – are very draining, and tend to numb us rather than charge us up. What’s the solution? Well, it might surprise you in its simplicity. My challenge to all these restless types who seem to want to go beyond their comfort zone is to do as Voltaire said: cultivate your own back garden. Now, that would really be stretching it a bit, wouldn't it? If that seems too staid, then I suggest a week away on a silent, religious retreat - vegetarian fare only. Time for meditation and quiet motivation to re-charge those exhausted adrenals.
Next week, we discuss psychopathology in motivation, and the dangers of an ‘authoritarian’ regime! Stay tuned to the series coming to a webpage near you!
Posted by James Sale on March 21, 2018 at 10:47 AM in Web/Tech | Permalink | Comments (0)
Tags: attention-seeking, corporate event, happiness, motivation, paintballing, publicity, quiet motivation, religious retreat, social media, voltaire, YouTube
The Language of Motivation
Hello, and welcome back to this continuing series on motivation. Last week, we looked at how to get motivated by going back to basics. This week, we are now going to be looking at how we can motivate others.
In 2008, Shankar Vedantam wrote a fascinating article for the Washington Post, in which he made the profound observation that rewards and punishments have replaced people’s intrinsic motivations. Correspondingly, the effect has been counterproductive: namely, people become less motivated as a result of these rewards and punishments.
I believe this observation is as true now as it was ten years ago. And although there has been an incremental paradigm shift from top-down, militaristic approaches of corporate governance (discussed in more detail in my book Mapping Motivation), to something more bottom-top, the widely used model is still that of control. In most cases, this control is leveraged via twofold financial means: you will be made redundant if you do not perform exactly as you are instructed (putting you in a financial strait) and you will be given a monetary bonus if you do (you will have cash to spare).
Coupled with this, there is also a commonly held belief that people are not ‘fired’ on the spot in the same way they used to be, or that employees are no longer at the mercy of a tyrannical manager’s whim in the ways they were in the early 20th Century. I would ask anyone who maintains this belief to spend a single day working in a service centre. The 1950s is alive and well in modern Britain. Businesses will always find a way, sad though that is, to control.
The other, more insidious, problem is that contrary to popular belief, not everyone is motivated by money. In fact, the majority of people are not motivated by money, strange as it may sound. Of course, we all like the idea of money, but in actuality it does not bring happiness, nor allows us to maintain it.
So, what does a bottom-top approach look like? To me, this is typified by managers working to discover the needs of employees and helping to meet them. Because this is beneficial not only to the employee but the manager and company as a whole. To lift an extract from Mapping Motivation: “a primary aspect of any manager’s job is ensuring that they understand what their employees actually want and take the steps that guarantee they get it. So a second and far-reaching implication of this work is that the role of the manager is subtly changing: it is not just about content, content, content – ‘what are our goals, let’s do it’. It is now about process: how do we get the people on board, so they want to do it?”
So we have cultures that major on rewarding by money or by status, or alternatively gain acquiescence through fear of punishment. The basic and possibly unexamined assumption must be that anyone joining such an organisation or culture seeks precisely that carrot or stick option to maintain their motivation. The reality of course – in terms of outcomes – is very different.
The truth is: motivation is like a language – if you go to France the best way of getting on with the French is to speak their language. And they are not alone – the Spanish like Spanish, the Welsh like Welsh, and every culture prefers its own dialect. Alas, the ‘Anglo-Saxon’ English speakers are notorious for expecting every tribe on Earth to speak English, and perhaps this attitude infects their management styles too.
Therefore, the real question is: how do we discover what motivates each individual? One way would be to listen to the flatulent harpings on of managers who’ve been there, done that, got the T-shirt, and will tell you unequivocally: they know their people. Interestingly, over 90% of these same managers fail to actually predict their own top three motivators! Equally, parents claim the same about their kids – we know what motivates our children! But you wouldn’t think so, would you, when you speak to those same employees and kids once they have left the influence zone?
Just as we have a language(s) to measure personality, we need a language and a metric to measure motivation, so that managers and parents need no longer guess. Such a language has been created – Motivational Maps®. But the thing is, motivation isn’t easy. For one thing, it changes over time, sometimes slowly and sometimes quickly. This means that unlike personality profiles, which tend to be constant, motivation needs to be monitored.
If before we said it was like a language, now we claim it is like a muscle: you exercise it and it can grow and change. Of course, exercise can be hard work – and we all want to avoid that. It is enough for most of us that we are focused on organisational goals; the idea that we have to discover and speak the appropriate motivational ‘language’ for all our colleagues is too exhausting to contemplate. We pay them enough, don’t we?
However, for those who wish to be really effective, as well as gifted communicators, this is the route to go down – the new route – the route that a new language of motivation opens up.
Next week, we discuss 'loud' versus 'quiet' motivation. Stay tuned for more blogs about how to get motivated, how to get back to basics, and how you can improve your work-life. A series coming to a webpage near you!
Tags: carrot and stick, corporate management, language, mapping motivation, money, motivation, psychology, staff
Motivational Map •
James Sale •
Linkedin •
James Sale poetry
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Daly, Karam to Race for Carlin at Iowa
Formula 1 Announce Zandvoort Return for 2020 Season
Photo: Marcel van Hoorn/Red Bull Content Pool
Joey Barnes May 14, 2019
By Joey Barnes, Editor-in-Chief
The Dutch Grand Prix is back on the Formula 1 calendar after a 35-year absence with a return to Zandvoort beginning in 2020.
A three-year deal was put together due to partnerships with SportVibes, TIG Sports and the Circuit Zandvoort. Additionally, longstanding Formula 1 partner Heineken will hold rights as the title sponsor for the event May event.
“We are particularly pleased to announce that Formula 1 is returning to race in the Netherlands, at the Zandvoort track,” said Chase Carey, CEO of Formula 1.
“From the beginning of our tenure in Formula 1, we said we wanted to race in new venues, while also respecting the sport’s historic roots in Europe. Next season therefore, we will have a brand new street race that will be held in the Vietnamese capital of Hanoi, as well the return to Zandvoort, after an absence of 35 years; a track that has contributed to the popularity of the sport all over the world. In recent years, we’ve seen a resurgence of interest in Formula 1 in Holland, mainly due to the enthusiastic support for the talented Max Verstappen, as seen from the sea of orange at so many races. No doubt this will be the dominant color in the Zandvoort grandstands next year.”
Next year will mark the 31st edition of the Dutch Grand Prix, which was first run in 1952 and won be Ferrari driver Alberto Ascari, who went on to win the title that same year. The legendary Jim Clark holds the most wins of the event with four.
“I am pleased to see that Zandvoort will be part of the proposed calendar for the 2020 FIA Formula One World Championship, and thankful for the hard work of Formula 1 to bring the sport back to the Netherlands,” said Jean Todt, president of the FIA.
“It is a circuit with a long and impressive history of competition and is a great challenge for drivers, and with the popularity of Max Verstappen I’m sure there will be a huge number of fans in attendance. There is now a lot of preparation needed to bring the circuit up to the required safety standards to host a Formula 1 race, and we will work towards this together with Formula 1, KNAF – the Dutch ASN – and the circuit organisation.”
Tags : Alberto Ascari, Chase Carey, Circuit Zandvoort, Dutch Grand Prix, FIA, Formula 1, Jean Todt, Jim Clark, Max Verstappen
About Joey Barnes
Joey Barnes is the Founder and Editor-in-Chief of Motorsports Tribune, and has been on the racing scene since 2012. He has published works in AutoWeek Magazine, as well as IndyCar.com and Motorsport.com, among others. A background that includes semi-professional football and work at a nearby racing school, he has brought that same focus and intensity to the motorsports media world. Additionally, Joey is a fan of the San Francisco 49ers, Notre Dame Fighting Irish, New York Rangers, and can also hold his own on a bowling lane.
Photo: Joe Skibinski/INDYCAR
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https://moviemeter.in/login/?action=logout&redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fmoviemeter.in%2F&_wpnonce=b4b3ae984e
Robbie DeRaffele
Height: 6' 8" (2.03 m)
Robbie DeRaffele was born on April 5th 1987 in Ridgewood N.J. He is most known for “Bull” 2016 and “By Dawn” 2017. He has a beautiful family of two older sisters named Catherine and Samantha, a mother and a father, who he is very grateful for. Robbie is currently taking Acting classes at Bergen Community College, his favorite being improv, while also enjoys writing and art. Long before acting, Robbie dreamed of playing professional basketball. He worked at it from his younger years up until about twenty one years old. He remembers on his 21st birthday shooting the ball around as it struck midnight, while everyone else was out partying taking shots. Robbie has grown as a person, and at 6’7, 225 lbs that is no lie. Growing up he worked at basketball so religiously nothing else interested him and his devotion became his downfall. He obsessed over the game and desperately needed to widen his horizon because it was no longer a career option. With Film and acting not yet introduced into his life, at twenty three years old, a few years after his cousin who played football at Pace University died in a car accident, he realized how short and valuable Life actually is. Robbie decided to train for football with no experience at all, and just took a huge leap of faith. His best friend would teach him how to play and it turns out he was naturally good. In 2011 he was in Phoenix Arizona for his first professional tryout for the Las Vegas Locos. Tryout after Tryout with the United football league, Canadian football League, and NFL in the Baltimore Under Armour dome of 2013, the year the Ravens won the Super Bowl, once again while standing tall he came up short on becoming a paid athlete. At twenty six Robbie realized athletics and firefighting was all he really understood. He was a Volunteer firefighter looking to be a Career firefighter during his pursuit of being a professional athlete. After a loss of interest in firefighting, and the self awareness that he was not physically fit enough for professional sports he hit a dead end road. Around April of 2014 Robbie took what may have been his biggest and most important Leap of his life, where he was often seen in Times Square NYC wearing a red cape and a curl on point, taking pictures with tourists and locals on his free time. He absolutely loved making people happy, and one day an actor from “Law and Order” approached him. The undisclosed actor told him he was perfect for the business, and that advice kick-started Robbie’s new career. He hung up the cape, and a few weeks later was working for Two entertainment companies as an event model and themed character, specializing in body paint modeling where he promoted the show “Skin Wars” on GSN on the “Today Show” Live. Shortly after, he signed with Silver models/Chelsea talent, and BMG talent, in NYC for acting and modeling. 2016, In his rookie year of acting he has acted as a “featured” special talent in “Bull” on CBS. Luck would have it, it was as a basketball player. The way of the universe did not stop there because his very next acting job was coincidentally the role of a firefighter on “A Crime To Remember” Season 4, on I.D Discovery, and was recently apart of a feature film as an “Alien Being” from the upcoming film “By Dawn” to be released in 2017.
Action, Crime, Drama, Thriller
Trailer: John Wick: Chapter 3
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ADD TO YOUR MOVIES
7/10 R 01 hr 49 min
Official Movie Site
Share your thoughts. We appreciate it!
By DoryDarko February 24, 2017
Wow... Where do I begin? I just got back from the cinema and I can still feel the adrenaline rushing through me. I was already a huge fan of director Neill Blomkamp's previous effort, District 9, so my expectations were running pretty high. And for once, I was not disappointed. No, I got even more than I could have hoped for.
Elysium is a terrific film. Plain and simple. The story is fairly simple, which I consider a good thing because the plot was easy to follow and so it wasn't overly complex and trying to be too intelligent and contrived. It is the year 2154, and planet Earth is one hot mess. The rich reside on a space station called Elysium while the poor remain on Earth, basically grabbing at every straw just to get by. The story we follow is that of Max, who, after a terrible accident at work, is in dire need of medical help, which is only available at Elysium. In order to get there, he must go to extreme measures. I won't tell you anything else, because that would just spoil the fun.
Max is played by Matt Damon, and he is very good in this role. He truly carries the film, start to finish. It always pleases me to see an actor who is just as good at tackling the character elements as well as the action parts of his role. When you think about it, that doesn't actually happen that often. Matt Damon can do both perfectly, and he is convincing in every aspect. Jodie Foster plays the role of senator Delacourt, a rich bitch who thinks she can get away with anything just because she calls the shots on Elysium. Well, somebody's about to prove her wrong... I absolutely love Jodie Foster, so it's hard not to gush, but she is a delight to watch. Her character is cold, calculating and without a sliver of conscience. And Jodie is so convincing you just want to slap her. It was great, and the fact that her accent is a little weird and distracting at times, is easily forgiven. William Fichtner also appears in a relatively small, but crucial role.
The biggest surprise for me, however, was Sharlto Copley. Remember him from District 9? He played Wikus, a dorky and kind of sissy character... Well, not in this one. His character Kruger, is the meanest, most vile bastard you can imagine. A card-carrying sadistic psycho. It really was a great opportunity for Copley to prove his versatility as an actor, and he used it to the fullest. Also, somehow his South-African twang made his character even more menacing, so I'm really glad he didn't drop it in favour of a – perhaps more crowd-pleasing – American accent.
My biggest compliment goes to the special effects department. As was the case with District 9, the SFX are so convincing, it's actually hard to realise that you're watching something that was probably 96% computer animated. Unlike D9, the visuals were even better here, if you can believe that. Usually, when a director's first film is a success and they up his budget for the next one, they go completely overboard and essentially ruin the aesthetics that made the first film so successful *cough*Matrix*cough*. In this case, all and everything was a major improvement. The action scenes are incredibly solid, the spacecrafts were eye-poppingly gorgeous (without being all flashy and futuristic – adding to the reality factor) and Elysium was a true sight to behold. 109 minutes of pure eye candy.
There were only two things that slightly bothered me. One, the somewhat stereotypical characterization of the Rich vs. The Poor. Simply put, rich = evil and poor = good, no exceptions. Especially with the rich Elysium folk I found it a little bothersome that there wasn't a single person who seemed to have a heart, they were almost mechanical and so the polarisation was pretty black-and-white. Two, the lack of emotional involvement. I didn't really feel much for any of the characters, except Max. There is a plot line with a woman he has feelings for, whose daughter is very ill, and that's a sad thing but the film failed at really convincing me why I'm supposed to care. Could be personal, but that's the way I experienced it.
However, these two minor plot points are not sufficient enough to deter me from giving this film any less than 10 stars. What I think is most thrilling about Elysium is the fact that it actually paints a frighteningly plausible picture of what our future might just look like. It is, in any case, much more realistic than pretty much every other post-apocalyptic film I've ever seen. Don't write this concept off too easily, this might very well be the world we live in one day.
In the end, Elysium is a terrifically made film. It's gritty, it's gnarly and highly realistic. And, to the zero-attention-span MTV kids out there, it's also an incredibly entertaining, action-packed thrill ride. Tiny side note: the violence is quite graphic at times, so some amount of parental guidance is definitely advised.
That leaves me with nothing else to say but: go watch this film. You won't regret it.
_(August 2013)_
By CGGB February 2, 2017
Parece que fuera el sino de la tierra y de los hombres, situacion que es posible observar a traves de la historia universal. Pero no seria posible hacer una película que muestre lo contrario? sería una lección o un modelo para todos en un mundo tan convulsionado?
By Andres Gomez February 2, 2017
If you want an action movie, this one really rocks. There are some unneeded clichés but, all in all, is quite an enjoying journey.
In addition, Matt Damon, Jodie Foster and, remarkably, Sharlto Copley perform at great level.
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Game of Thrones: George R.R. Martin Debunks 'Absurd' Book Rumor
TV Shows / May 15, 2019
Winter isn't anywhere close for Song of Ice and Fire readers.
By Matt Purslow
George R.R. Martin has shot down a suggestion that he has completed the final two books in the Song of Ice and Fire saga and has been withholding them until HBO’s Game of Thrones concludes.
According to Entertainment Weekly, several media reports have quoted actor Ian McElhinney, who played Ser Berristan Selmy in Game of Thrones up until season 5 in 2015, talking at a fan convention about the as-yet-unreleased books. “George has already written Books 6 and 7, and as far as he’s concerned there only are seven books,” he allegedly said. “But he struck an agreement with David and Dan, the showrunners on the series, that he would not publish the final two books until the series has completed.”
Martin has refuted these claims on his personal blog, saying “... for the record — no, The Winds of Winter and A Dream of Spring are not finished. Dream is not even begun; I am not going to start writing volume seven until I finish volume six. It seems absurd to me that I need to state this.”
“HBO did not ask me to delay them,” he continued. “Nor did [showrunners David Benioff and D. B. Weiss]. There is no “deal” to hold back on the books. I assure you, HBO and David & Dan would both have been thrilled and delighted if The Winds of Winter had been delivered and published four or five years ago… and no one would have been more delighted than me.”
That’s a definitive dismantling of what was an alarmingly bold claim from McElhinney. As such, if you’d previously read the actor’s quotes and were bracing yourself for a marathon reading session after next week’s Game of Thrones series finale (which you can find out how to stream here), it’s probably best you find some alternate reading material.
Catch up on everything that’s been happening in the show, starting with our Game of Thrones Season 8, episode 5 review, and then our predictions for what will happen in the much-anticipated final episode.
Matt Purslow is IGN's UK News and Entertainment Writer. You can follow him on Twitter.
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|____RollControl Bed Bolster | |____RollControl Bolster | |____Round Foam Roller | |____Side Support | |____System Slider | |____Therapy Roll | |____Vestibular Wedge | |____Wedge |____Heel | |____Elbow Protectors | | |____Elbow Protector Pad | | |____Foot Drop Heel Protector | | |____Heel | | | |____Elbow Protector | | | |____Elbow Protector Sleeve | | |____Heel Cushion | | |____Heel Float | | |____Heel Protector | | |____Heel Protector Boot | | |____Heel Protector Boot with Wedge | | |____Heel Protector Pad | | |____Heel Protector with AntiRotation Wedge | | |____Heel Suspension Boot | | |____Orthosis Boot |____Mattress Covers and Protectors | |____Mattress Cover | |____Mattress Overlay Sleeve |____Mattress Overlays | |____Alternating Pressure Pad | |____Alternating Pressure Pad and Pump | |____Alternating Pressure Pad APP Mattress Overlay | |____Bed Pad | |____Bubble Pad | |____Chair Overlay | |____Convoluted Bed Pad | |____Fall Protection Mattress | |____Geriatric Recliner Overlay System | |____Mattress Overlay | |____Mattress Overlay System | |____Mattress Overlay with Cover | |____Mattress System | |____Overlay |____Mattresses | |____Bariatric Mattress | |____Bed Mattress | |____Bed Mattress Replacement | |____Bed Mattress System | |____Bed Mattress with Cover |____Pillows | |____Bed Pillow | |____Cervical Indentation Pillow | |____Cervical Roll | |____Contoured Cervical Pillow | |____Crescent Neck Pillow | |____Ear Pillow | |____Neck Support Pillow |____Restraints | |____Ankle | | |____Wrist Restraint | |____Ankle Restraint | |____Belt | |____Chair Waist Belt Restraint | |____Connecting Straps | | |____Belts | |____Hand Control Mitt | |____Locking Connecting Strap | |____Pelvic Restraint | |____Positioning Seat | |____Roll Belt | |____SelfRelease Belt | |____SelfReleasing Chair Belt | |____Slider Belt | |____Vest Restraint | |____Vest Restraint Sleeved | |____Waist Belt Restraint | |____Wheelchair Safety Belt Casting Products |____Undercast Padding Casualty Training Kits Clinical Laboratory |____Chemicals and Solutions | |____Alcohol | |____Deionized Water | |____Ethyl Chloride | |____Ethylenediaminete Traacetic Acid | |____Formalin | |____Isopropanol | |____Potassium Hydroxide | |____Xylene |____Clinical Analyzer Calibrators and Reagents | |____Calibrators | | |____Calibrator | |____Reagents | | |____Blood Glucose Test Strips | | |____Microcuvette | | |____Rapid Diagnostic Test Kit | | |____Reagent | | |____Reagent Kit | | |____Reagent Test Strip | | |____Test Cassette |____Clinical Laboratory Accessories | |____Analyzer Battery Cover Kit | |____Blood Collection Assembly | |____Blood Collection Holder | |____Blood Culture Device | |____Capillary Plunger | |____Control Swab Set | |____Data Management Software Kit | |____Dropper Medicine | |____End Cap | |____Eye Wash Bottle | |____Filter | |____Immersion Oil | |____Keyboard | |____Label Printer Paper | |____Mouthpiece | |____Optics Check Cassette | |____Paper Lens | |____Pipette Tip | |____Pretreatment Cartridge | |____Safety Closure | |____Slide Tray | |____Smoke Pen Wick | |____Syringe Filter | |____Thermal Printer Paper | |____USB Cable Kit |____Controls | |____Control | |____Control Kit | |____Control Solution Kit | |____Control Swab Kit | |____Glucose Control Solution | |____Quality Control Kit |____Eyewash Stations | |____Eyewash Solution | | |____Eye Wash Solution | | |____Eyewash | |____Eyewash Station | | |____Eyewash Station |____Incubators | |____Incubator |____Lab Equipment | |____Portable Balance |____Laboratory Glassware and Plasticware | |____Beakers and Bottles | | |____Bottle | | |____Lab Storage Container | |____Lab Caps and Closures | | |____Analyzer Cap Kit | | |____Vial Closure | |____Microscope Slides | | |____Microscope Slide | |____Petri Dishes | | |____Petri Dish | |____Pipettes | | |____Pipette Tip | | |____Serological Pipette | |____Tubes | | |____Capillary Blood Collection Tube | | |____Microcentrifuge Tube | | |____Molecular Diagnostic Tube | | |____Test Tube | | |____Transport Tube | | |____Urinalysis Tube | | |____Venous Blood Collection Tube | |____Vials | | |____Cryogenic Vial |____Microbiology | |____Media | | |____Prepared Media |____pH Indicators | |____pH Test Strips | | |____pH Paper in Dispenser | | |____Vaginal pH Test Paper in Dispenser |____Specimen Collection | |____Aspiration and Biopsy Needles | | |____Biopsy Needle | | |____Bone Marrow Biopsy | | | |____Aspiration Needle | | |____Soft Tissue Biopsy Device | | |____Soft Tissue Biopsy Needle | |____Blood Collection Needles | | |____Blood Collection Set | | |____Blood Collection Set with Holder | |____Specimen Collection and Transport Containers | | |____24 Hour Urine Specimen Collection Container | | |____Commode Specimen Collector | | |____Mucus Specimen Trap with Vacuum Breaker and Filter | | |____Pediatric Urine Collection Bag | | |____Prefilled Formalin Container | | |____Specimen Container | | |____Specimen Container for Pneumatic Tube Systems | | |____Specimen Transport Bag with Document Pouch | |____Specimen Collection Devices | | |____OB | | | |____GYN Swabstick | | |____Speciman Collection Swabstick | | |____Specimen Retrieval Pouch | | |____Swab Stick | | |____Swabstick | |____Specimen Collection Kits | | |____Sputum Collection Kit | | |____Urine Specimen Collection Kit |____Stains | |____Gram Stain Decolorizer | |____Reticulocyte Stain Set | |____WrightGiemsa Stain |____Temperature Chart Recorders | |____Temperature Data Logger |____Test Kits | |____Drugs of Abuse Test | |____Rapid Test | |____Rapid Test Kit | |____Test Kit |____Test Tube Racks | |____Test Tube Rack |____Thermometers and Hygrometers | |____Digital Thermometers Cold and Flu Cough CPAP |____CPAP Masks | |____Nasal Masks | | |____Nasal Kits | | |____Nasal Components | | | |____Nasal Cushions | | | |____Nasal Headgear | | | |____Nasal Mask Interfaces | |____Full Face Masks | | |____Full Face Components | | | |____Full Face Cushions & Pillows | | | |____Full Face Headgear | | | |____Full Face Mask Interfaces | | |____Full Face Kits | |____Nasal Pillow Masks | | |____Nasal Pillow Components | | | |____Nasal Pillow Headgear | | | |____Nasal Pillow Mask Interfaces | | | |____Nasal Pillows | | |____Nasal Pillow Kits | |____Oral Masks |____Chin Straps |____CPAP Care Supplies |____CPAP Filters | |____Disposable CPAP Filters | |____Re-Usable CPAP Filters |____CPAP Tubing |____Headgear |____Humidifiers |____Machines |____Water Chambers Dental Items |____Anesthetics |____Burs |____Dental Crowns |____Flouride Treatments |____Impression Supplies |____Instrument Cleaning |____Instruments |____Operative Supplies |____Pins and Posts |____Prophy Supplies |____Restoration Supplies |____Tools |____X-ray Supplies Deodorizers |____Air Freshener |____Deodorizer |____Glass | |____Surface Cleaner |____Surface Cleaner | |____Degreaser | |____Sanitizer |____Surface Cleaner Refill |____Surface Disinfectant Cleaner |____Toilet Bowl Cleaner Diabetes |____Blood Glucose Monitors |____Diabetes Testing Supplies | |____Control Solution | |____Lancets | |____Meters | | |____Non-Talking Meters | | |____Talking Meters | |____Alcohol Wipes | |____Batteries | |____Continuous Glucose Monitors | | |____CGM Accessories | | |____CGM Receivers | | |____CGM Sensors | | |____CGM System | | |____CGM Transmitters | |____Diabetes Care Products | |____Diabetic Socks | |____Glucose Tabs & Liquids | |____Lancing Devices | |____Lotions/Creams | |____Test Strips | | |____Brand | | |____Brand Value | | |____Value | |____Testing Accessories |____Accesories |____Blood Glucose Monitoring Supplies |____Insulin Injection Port |____Insulin Injectors |____Insulin Therapy | |____Injection Ports | |____Insulin Pump Supplies | | |____Infusion Sets | | |____Insertion Devices | | |____Pods | | |____Pump Accessories | | |____Pump Cases and Belts | | |____Reservoirs | |____Insulin Pumps | |____Needles | | |____Pen Needles | | |____Syringes |____Socks Diagnostic Instruments and Supplies |____Bilirubin Monitoring | |____Biliblanket Light Meter | |____Phototherapy System |____Blood Pressure | |____Blood Pressure Cuffs | | |____Aneroid Inflation System | | |____Aneroid Sphygmomanometer | | |____Blood Pressure Cuff | | |____Blood Pressure Cuff 1 Tube Bladder | | |____Blood Pressure Cuff 1 Tube Bladder With Gauge | | |____Blood Pressure Cuff 2 Tube Bladder | | |____Blood Pressure Cuff 2 Tube Bladder Inflation System | | |____Blood Pressure Cuff 2 Tube with Inflation Kit | | |____Blood Pressure Cuff and Bladder Kit | | |____Blood Pressure Cuff No Tube | | |____Blood Pressure Cuff Only | | |____Inflation System | | |____Inflation System Set | | |____Replacement Bladder | |____Blood Pressure Units | | |____Aneroid Sphygmomanometer | | |____Aneroid Sphygmomanometer With One Piece Adult Cuff | | |____Blood Pressure Kit | | |____Blood Pressure Monitor | |____Cuff and Stethoscope Sets | | |____Aneroid Sphygmomanometer | | | |____Sprague Kit | | | |____Stethoscope Combo |____CardioPulmonary Monitors | |____Electrocardiograph Monitors | | |____Resting ECG Machine | | |____Resting ECG Monitor | |____Electrodes | | |____EKG Electrode | | |____EKG Snap Electrode | | |____EKG Tab Electrode | | |____Fetak Spiral Electrode | |____Holter Systems | | |____Holter Recorder |____Cholangiography Catheter | |____Cholangiography Catheter |____Combination Vital Signs Monitors | |____Pull String Monitor | |____Spot Vital Signs Monitor | |____Vital Sign Monitor Base Unit | |____Vital Signs Monitor | |____Vital Signs Monitor Only |____Conductive Gel and Cream | |____Conductive Gel | |____Electrode Gel | |____Ultrasound Electrode Gel | |____Ultrasound Gel | |____Ultrasound Lotion |____Defibrillation | |____Defibrillating Electrodes | | |____AED Electrode | | |____Defibrillating Electrode | | |____Defibrillation Electrode | | |____Defibrillator Aviation PadPak | | |____Defibrillator Electrode | | |____Defibrillator Pad | | |____Defibrillator Trainer Electrode | | |____Electrode | | |____Electrode Cartridge | | |____Multifunction Defibrillation Electrode | | |____PadPak Trainer Electrode Cartridge | | |____Resuscitation Electrode | | |____Training Electrode | |____Defibrillators | | |____AED Defibrillator Trainer | | |____Automated External Defibrillator | | |____Automated External Defibrillator Package | | |____Defibrillator |____Diabetes Monitoring | |____Glucose Meter Controls | | |____Control Solution | | |____Glucose Control Solution | |____Glucose Meter Test Strips | | |____Blood Glucose Test Strip | | |____Blood Glucose Test Strips | | |____Blood Ketone Test Strips | | |____Glucose Meter Test Strips | | |____No Coding Blood Glucose Test Strip | | |____Test Strip | | |____Test Strips | |____Glucose Meters | | |____Blood Glucose Meter | | |____Blood Glucose Meter Kit | | |____Self Monitoring Blood Glucose System | |____Lancets and Lancing Devices | | |____Lancet | | |____Lancet Drum | | |____Lancing Device | | |____Safety Lancet |____Diagnostic Accessories | |____Abdominal Belt | |____AC Adapter | |____AC Adapter Digital Scale | |____AC Power Cord Assembly | |____Adapter | |____Air Hose | |____Air Tube | |____Airway | |____Aneroid Sphygmomanometer | |____Backpack | |____Battery Converter | |____Biopsy Valve | |____Blood Pressure Cuff Barrier | |____Blood Pressure Cuff Bladder | |____Blood Pressure Cuff Hose | |____Blood Pressure Tubing | |____Blood Pressure Unit Gauge | |____Blood Pressure Unit Inflation Bladder | |____Blood Pressure Unit Inflation Bulb | |____Blood Pressure Unit Inflation Bulb and Valve | |____Blood Pressure Unit Tube Connector | |____Blood Pressure Unit Tubing | |____BP Cuff Case | |____BP Tubing | |____Cable | |____Cable ECG | |____Cable Management Mobile Stand | |____Calibration Syringe | |____Calibration Verification Kit | |____Carry Case | |____Carrying Case | |____Charger | |____Charger Dual Handle | |____Charger Pack | |____Coiled Tubing | |____Connector | |____Cover | |____CPR Prep Kit | |____Cuff Storage Basket | |____Diaphragm Nonchill Rim | |____Diaphragm Stethoscope | |____Ear Tips Stethoscope | |____Eartip | |____ECG Leadwire | |____Electrode Connector Set | |____EMMA Capnograph Kit | |____Extension Cable | |____Fiber Optic Neo Evenglo Panel | |____Finger Sensor | |____Flow Transducer | |____Gauge | |____Height Rod | |____Height Rod Kit | |____Holter Leadwire Set | |____Hose | |____Instrument Holder | |____Interface Connection Cable | |____Isolation Chamber | |____Lead Wire | |____Lead Wire Set | |____Leadwire | |____Leadwire Set | |____Lithium Ion Battery | |____Marker | |____Mobile Stand | |____Moisture Trap | |____Mounting Adapter Plate | |____Neck Strap | |____Oral | | |____Axillary Probe | |____Oral Probe | |____Oximeter Sensor | |____Panel Assembly | |____Patient Cable | |____Peakflow Mouthpiece | |____Plug | |____Power Adapter | |____Power Assembly Extension Cable | |____Power Cord | |____Power Supply Cord | |____Power Supply Plug | |____Probe and Well Kit | |____Probe Rectal | |____Probe Well | |____Protective Boot | |____Recharging Base Station | |____Rectal Probe | |____Replaceable Lead Set | |____Replacement Cable | |____Replacement Kit | |____Replacement Pressure Hose | |____Resposable Cap | |____Scale Connect Kit C | |____Scale Connect Kit L | |____Security Cable | |____Sensor Bandage | |____Sensor Wrap | |____Sheath Ultrasound Probe | |____Snap Clip Adapter | |____Sound Head Applicator | |____Spare Button | |____Speculum Adapter | |____SpO2 Extension Cable | |____SpO2 Signal Cable | |____SpotCheck Finger Sensor | |____Strap | |____Stress Vest | |____Switch Panel | |____Telephone Plug | |____Temperature Probe | |____Thermometer Oral | | |____Auxiliary Probe | |____Thermometer Sheath | |____Trainer Pad | |____Transducer Belt | |____USB Cable | |____USB Data Download Cable | |____Wall Basket | |____Wall Bracket | |____Wall Mount | |____Wall Mount Bracket | |____Wall Mount Cabinet | |____Wall Sign | |____Wash Cap | |____Wrist Strap | |____XRay Media Sheet |____Diagnostic Instrument Lamps | |____Replacement Bulb | |____Replacement Halogen Lamp | |____Replacement Lamp | |____Replacement Vacuum Lamp |____Diagnostic Kits | |____Pediatric Kit |____Diagnostic Recording Paper | |____ECG | | |____EEG Recording Paper | |____ECG Recording Paper | |____Printer Paper | |____Recording Chart Paper | |____Recording Paper | |____Replacement Recording Paper |____Dopplers | |____Doppler Probes | | |____Vascular Probe |____Height Measuring Devices | |____Height Rod |____Imaging | |____Pressure Tubing | | |____Sphygmomanometer Wall Aneroid | |____XRay | | |____XRay Illuminators | | | |____XRay Illuminator |____Magnifiers | |____Magnifier |____MultiFunction Wall Transformers | |____Integrated Diagnostic Wall System | |____Wall Transformer Set |____Optometry | |____Exam Charts | | |____Kindergarten Eye Chart | | |____Near Vision Card | |____Optometry Examination Instruments | | |____Vision Screener |____Oximetry | |____Oximeter Sensors | | |____Finger Sensor with Ohmeda Connector | | |____Oximeter Sensor | | |____Oxygen Analyzer | | |____Pulse Oximeter Sensor | | |____SPO2 Sensor | |____Oximeters | | |____Fingertip Pulse Oximeter | | |____Forehead Sensor | | |____Handheld Pulse Oximeter | | |____Handheld Pulse Oximeter with Ear Sensor | | |____Handheld Pulse Oximeter with Finger Sensor | | |____Pulse COOximeter |____Scales and Body Composition Analyzers | |____Body Composition Analyzers | | |____Body Analyzer | |____Scales | | |____Diaper Scale | | |____Digital Scale | | |____Digital Wheelchair Scale | | |____Eye Level Scale | | |____Floor Scale | | |____Physician Electronic Scale with Rod | | |____Physicians Scale | | |____Portable Pediatric Scale |____Scopes | |____Blades and Heads | | |____Laryngoscope Blade | |____Combination Sets | | |____Ophthalmoscope | | | |____Otoscope Diagnostic Set | |____Laparoscopes | |____Laryngoscopes | | |____Laryngoscope Set | |____Nasopharyngoscope | | |____Nasal Illuminator | |____Otoscopes | | |____Otoscope Set | | |____Pocket Plus Otoscope | |____Scope Handles | | |____Charger with Handles | | |____Otoscope Handle | | |____Rechargeable Handle | |____Speculum Tips | | |____Ear Speculum | | |____Ear Speculum Set |____Sensory Tools | |____Monofilament |____Sleep Monitors | |____Sleep Study Kit |____Stethoscopes | |____Binaural Stethoscopes | | |____Bowles Stethoscope | | |____Classic Stethoscope | | |____Classic Stethoscope Infant | | |____Classic Stethoscope Pediatric | | |____Disposable Stethoscope | | |____Sprague Rappaport Stethoscope |____Thermometers | |____Digital Thermometers | | |____Digital Oral | | | |____Rectal Thermometer | | |____Digital Oral Thermometer | | |____Digital Temporal Thermometer | | |____Digital Thermometer | | |____Digital Thermometer Kit | | |____Ear Thermometer | | |____Infrared Thermometer | | |____Thermometer | | |____Thermometer Security System | |____Disposable Thermometers | | |____Gel Sheet | |____Glass Thermometers | | |____Oral Thermometer | | |____Rectal Thermometer | |____Thermometer Cover Sheaths | | |____Ear Thermometer Probe Cover | | |____Oral | | | |____Rectal Thermometer Sheath | | |____Thermometer Probe Cover |____Timers and Watches | |____Bell Timer | |____Timer |____Ultrasound | |____Ultrasound Probe Covers | | |____Ultrasound Probe Cover | |____Ultrasound Probes | | |____Suction Probe | |____Ultrasound Systems | | |____Ultrasound Electrotherapy Combo |____Urinalysis | |____Urinalysis Controls | | |____Urinalysis Control Strip | |____Urinalysis Test Strips and Tablets | | |____Urine Reagent Strip | |____Urine Chemistry Analyzers | | |____Urine Chemistry Analyzer Diagnostics & Self Care Disinfectants Disposables |____Blood & Fluid Warming Systems (Level 1) |____Blood Draw |____I.V. Disposables |____Surface Wipes/Disinfectants Dme |____Lift Chairs |____Walker |____Ambulatory Aids | |____Canes | |____Rollators | | |____Basic |____Bathroom Safety Aids | |____Bath Safety Accessories |____Commode Accessories |____Commodes | |____Commode Accessory |____Crutches |____Daily Living Aids |____Decubitus Care |____DME Supplies |____Hospital Bed Accessories |____Hospital Bed Rails & Mattresses |____Hospital Beds & Accessories | |____Incontinence Protection |____Miscellaneous |____OTC Category |____Oxygen Equipment Supplies |____Traction Equipment & Supplies |____Wheelchair Accessories |____Wheelchairs | |____Wheelchair Accessory | |____Wheelchair Cushions Drainage and Suction |____Aspirating Kits | |____Paracentesis | | |____Thoracentesis Kit | |____Paracentesis Tray | |____Syringe Aspiration Kit | |____Thoracentesis Set |____Connector Tubing | |____Connector Tubing | |____Suction Connector Tubing | |____Suction Tubing |____Drain Kits and Trays | |____Gastric Lavage Tray | |____Incision and Drainage Procedure Kit | |____Pleural Drainage Kit |____Drain Tubes | |____Wound Drain |____Drainage and Suction Accessories | |____Battery Conversion Kit | |____Filter | |____Filter Felt Silencer | |____Leg Bag Adapter | |____Male Connectors | |____Manual Suction Unit | |____Pitcher Lid | |____Power Cord | |____Suction Bottle Gasket Ring | |____Suction Canister Bracket | |____Suction Canister Wall Plate | |____Suction Machines Carry Bag | |____Suction Unit AC to DC Adapter | | |____Charger | |____Suction Valve | |____Tubing Adapter | |____Tubing Connector | |____Tubing Extension Connector | |____Vacuum Gauge | |____Valve Cap |____Drainage Systems | |____Chest Drain System | |____Drainage Device | |____Evacuator |____Pneumothorax Sets | |____Pneumothorax Tray with Safety Components |____Suction and Aspiration Systems | |____Aspirator Pump | |____Aspirator Suction Pump | |____Nasal Aspirator | |____Suction Pump |____Suction Canisters and Liners | |____Suction Canister | |____Suction Canister Kit | |____Suction Canister Liner | |____Suction Canister with DISS | |____Suction Collection Bottle | |____Suction Liner |____Suction Catheter Kits and Trays | |____Suction Catheter Kit |____Suction Instruments | |____Aspirating Tube | |____Nasogastric Suction Tube | |____Oral Nasal Suction Device | |____Stomach Tube | |____Suction Catheter | |____Suction Irrigator | |____Suction Tube Elasto Gel Electrotherapy |____Electrodes |____Electrotherapy Accessories |____Lead Wires |____TENS Units Enteral |____Enteral Feeding Supplies | |____Feeding Accessories | |____Feeding Adapters | |____Feeding Tubes | | |____Gastrostomy Tubing | | |____Jejunostomy Tubing | | |____Nasogastric Tubing | | | |____With Stylet | | | |____Without Stylet | | |____Stomach Tubing | | |____Tubing Accessories | |____Enteral Irrigation Kits | |____Extension Sets | |____Feeding Bags | |____Feeding Spike Sets | |____Feeding Syringes | |____Pole Clamps | |____Tube Holders |____Feeding Pumps |____Feeding Supplies Foot and Toe |____Bunion Pad Furnishings |____Beds | |____Bed Headboards and Footboards | | |____Footboard | | |____Headboard | | | |____Footboard | |____Bed Rail Pads | | |____Bed Side Rail Bumper Pad | | |____Side Rail Crib Bumper | | |____Split Rail Bed Bumper Pad | |____Bed Side Rails | | |____Assist Bed Foot Side Rail | | |____Assist Bed Side Rail | | | |____Board | | |____Bed Side Rail | | |____Full Bed Side Rail | | |____Half Bed Side Rail | | |____Head Side Bed Rails | | |____Home Bed Assist Handle | |____Electric Beds | | |____Bed Wheel | | |____Electric Bed | | |____Electric Bed Package | | |____Extension | |____Manual Beds | | |____Manual Bed |____Casework and Medical Cabinets | |____AED Mounted Cabinet |____Chairs and Stools | |____Office and Decorative | | |____Hip High Chair | |____Recliners | | |____3Position Lift Recliner Chair | | |____Bariatric Recliner | | |____Clinical Care Drop Arm Recliner | | |____MultiPosition Recliner | | |____Recliner | |____Stools | | |____Exam Stool | | |____Foot | | | |____Leg Rest |____Curtains | |____Curtain Track | | |____Tracheostomy Tube | |____Privacy | | |____Privacy Screen Panel |____Decorative Mirrors | |____Mobile Mirror | |____Stand Mirror |____Furnishings Accessories | |____Bed Bariatric Free Standing Trapeze | |____Bed Bracket | |____Bed Caster | |____Bed Control Hand | |____Bed Dolly | |____Bed Extension Kit | |____Bed Folding Board | |____Bed Grid AC Head Deck | |____Bed Hand Control Pendant | |____Bed Hand Crank | |____Bed Head Frame | |____Bed Hi | | |____Lo Motor | |____Bed Lock Out 3 Motor | |____Bed Side Rail Protectors | |____Bed Support Rail | |____Bed Trapeze | |____Bed Trapeze Bar | |____Bed Wall Saver Bumper | |____Blanket Lift Bar | |____Cabinet and Drawer Latch | |____cart Cable Arm | |____Cart Drawer | |____Cart Tips | |____Cart Top | |____Caster | |____Chair Backrest | |____Door Knob Cover | |____Electric Bed Caster Set | |____Electric Bed Footspring | |____Electric Bed Head | | |____Foot Motor | |____Electric Bed Head Actuating Bar | |____Electric Bed Head Spring | |____Electric Bed Motor | |____Electric Bed Shaft | |____Elevating Headrest | |____Fitting | |____Floor Trapeze Base Only | |____Foot Cradle | |____Footboard Cushion | |____FreeStanding Trapeze | |____Furniture Bumpers | |____Hand Control | |____Head Section Motor | |____Headrest | |____Heel Protector | |____Hi | | |____Lo Bed Motor | |____Junction Box | |____Key for Safe | |____Lamp Switch Turner | |____Light Handle Cover | |____Motor | |____Motor Foot | |____Mount Bracket | |____Mounting Bracket | |____Overbed Table Caster Only | |____Pendant Control | |____Pressure Pump | |____Pump | |____Recliner Armrest | |____Recliner Caster | |____Recliner Front Caster | |____Recliner Mach Screw | |____Replacement Armrest | |____Seat | |____Shaft | |____Sheath | |____Side Rail | |____Splash Guard | |____Stationary Post | |____Table Paper Holder | |____VersaHelper Trapeze | |____Water Cooler |____Instrument and Solution Stands | |____Instrument Stand | |____Mayo Instrument Stand |____Lights | |____Medical Procedure Lighting | | |____Bright Light Therapy Lamp | | |____Gooseneck Exam Light |____Medical and Utility Carts | |____Cart Caster | |____Electrocardiograph Roll Stand | |____Emergency Cart | |____Multimedia Cart | |____Oxygen Cylinder Cart | |____Rolling Stand | |____Serving Cart | |____Treatment Cart | |____Utility Cart |____Tables | |____Changing Table | | |____Changing Station | |____Instrument and Utility Tables | | |____Instrument Table Stand | | |____Work Table | |____Medical Procedure Tables | | |____Bariatric Treatment Table | | |____HBrace Treatment Table | | |____Treatment Table | |____Over Bed Table | | |____Overbed Table | | |____Overbed Table with Vanity | | |____Overhead Tray |____Workstations | |____Laptop Workstation Gauze Dressings Gloves |____Sterile Gloves |____Surgical Gloves |____Exam Gloves |____Ansell Gloves - Derma Prene Ultra |____Compression Gloves | |____Compression Glove | |____Support Glove | |____Support Glove with Thumb Extension | |____Vibration Therapy Glove |____Finger Cots | |____Finger Cot |____Food Service Gloves | |____Food Service Glove |____Glove Box Holders and Dispensers | |____Glove Box Holder |____Glove Liners | |____Cut Resistant Glove Liner |____Impact Gloves | |____Impact Glove |____Medical Gloves | |____Exam Glove | |____Surgical Glove |____Non-Medical Gloves |____Non-Sterile Gloves |____Utility Gloves | |____General Purpose Glove | |____Infection Control Glove | |____Utility Glove Hand and Finger |____Finger Splint Housekeeping |____Bags | |____Bedside Bags | | |____Bedside Bag | |____Biohazard Bags | | |____Biohazard Laundry Bag | | |____Biohazard Liner | | |____Biohazard Waste Bag | | |____Chemotherapy Linen Bag | | |____Infectious Linen Bag | | |____Infectious Waste Bag | |____Emesis Bags | | |____Emesis | | | |____Urine Bag | |____Equipment and Physician Bags | | |____Backpack | | |____Nebulizer Carry Bag | | |____Nurse Bag | | |____Oxygen Carry Bag | | |____Pulse Oximeter Carry Case | | |____Shoulder Bag | | |____Standard Carry Case | |____Open Ended Bags | | |____Food | | | |____Utility Bag | | |____Food Bag | | |____Food Storage Bag | | |____Gusset Bag | | |____Waxed Sandwich Bag | |____Paper Bags | | |____Grocery Bag | | |____Shopping Bag | |____Patient Belongings Bags and Boxes | | |____Patient Belongings Bag | |____Pharmacy Bags | | |____Chemo Drug Transport Bag | | |____Pharmacy Bag | |____Reclosable Bags | | |____Gallon Storage Bag | | |____Zip Closure Bag | | |____Zip Closure Bag with WriteOn Block | |____Trash Bags | | |____Feminine Hygiene Receptacle Liner | | |____Trash Bag |____Batteries | |____Alkaline Battery | |____Lithium Battery Pack | |____Lithium Ion Battery Pack | |____NiCd Battery | |____NiMH Battery | |____NiMH Battery Pack | |____Sealed Lead Acid Battery Pack | |____Silver Oxide Battery |____Battery Chargers | |____Battery Charger | |____Battery Charger Kit |____Brooms | |____Broom Handles | |____Brooms | | |____Broom |____Brushes and Scrubbers | |____Scrub Brush | |____Toilet Bowl Brush |____Buckets and Pails | |____Charging Bucket | |____Kick Bucket | |____Mop Bucket | |____Mop Bucket with Wringer | |____Mop Wringer | |____Utility Bucket |____Caddies | |____Carry Caddy |____Cleaners |____Cleaners Disinfectants Deodorizers | |____Air Freshener | |____Chewing Gum Remover | |____Deodorizer | |____Deodorizer Refill | |____Drain Cleaner | | |____Deodorizer | |____Furniture Polish | |____Glass | | |____Surface Cleaner | | |____Surface Cleaner Refill | |____Insecticide | |____Lice Treatment | |____Produce Wash | |____Stainless Steel Cleaner | |____Stainless Steel Utensil Cleaner | |____Surface Cleaner | | |____Degreaser | | |____Sanitizer | |____Surface Disinfectant | |____Surface Disinfectant Cleaner | |____Surface Disinfectant Cleaner Kit | |____Surface Disinfectant Cleaner Refill | |____Surface Disinfectant Refill | |____Toilet Bowl Cleaner | |____Washing Machine Cleaner | |____Whirlpool Disinfectant Cleaner | |____White Vinegar |____Cleaning Carts | |____Commercial Housekeeping 3Shelf Cart |____Containers and Jars | |____Empty Bottle | |____Food Container | |____Prewash Empty Bottle | |____Putty Container | |____Sundry Jar | |____Trigger Sprayer |____Detergents | |____Bleach | |____Dish Detergent | |____Dish Detergent Rinse Additive | |____Drying Agent | |____Fabric Softener | |____Laboratory Detergent | |____Laundry Break | |____Laundry Brightener | |____Laundry Detergent | |____Laundry Neutralizer | |____Laundry Softener | | |____Sour | |____Laundry Sour | |____Laundry Stain Remover | |____Lime Scale Remover | |____Rinse Additive | |____Static Control Dryer Block | |____Water Conditioner |____Dispensers | |____Chemical Dispenser | |____Emesis Bag Dispenser | |____Fragrance Dispenser | |____Hand Hygiene Dispenser | |____Hand Sanitizer Dispenser | |____Hook Fastener Dispenser | |____Hygiene Dispensing Station | |____Loop Fastener Dispenser | |____Paper Towel Dispenser | |____PPE Dispenser | |____Probe Cover Dispenser | |____SFold Paper Towel Dispenser | |____Skin Care Dispenser | |____Soap Dispenser | |____Toilet Tissue Dispenser | |____Wipe Dispenser |____Dollys and Hand Trucks | |____Dolly | |____Shopping Trolley | |____Tilt Truck |____Dust Pans | |____Dust Pan |____Dusters | |____Dust Cloth | |____Duster Refill | |____Dusting Mop | |____Microfiber Duster and Frame |____Electrical Supplies | |____Power Cords | | |____AC Power Cord | | |____Power Cord | | |____Surge Protector |____Floor Machine Pads | |____Carpet Bonnet Pad | |____Hard Floor Buffing Pad | |____Hard Floor Burnishing Pad | |____Hard Floor Polishing Pad | |____Hard Floor Scrubbing Pad | |____Hard Floor Stripping Pad |____Floor Mats | |____Entrance Mat | |____Slip Resistant Mat |____Floor Mops | |____Mop Frames | | |____Mop Frame | | |____Mop Head Frame | |____Mop Handles | | |____Dust Mop Handle | | |____Wet Mop Handle | |____Mop Heads | | |____Dust Mop Head | | |____Dust Mop Pad | | |____Finish Mop Head | | |____Finish Mop Pad | | |____Mop Head | | |____Towel | | |____Wet Mop Head | | |____Wet Mop Pad | |____Mops | | |____Dust Mop | | |____Dust Mop Head | | |____Mop Head | | |____Wet Mop | | |____Wet Mop System |____Floor Powders and Solutions | |____Baseboard Stripper | |____Carpet Cleaner | |____Carpet Stain Remover | |____Floor Cleaner | | |____Restorer | |____Floor Finish | |____Floor Neutralizer | |____Floor Stripper | |____Spot Cleaner Kit |____Fluid Management | |____Solidifiers | | |____Fluid Solidifier | | |____Solidifier | | |____Spill Control Solidifier | |____Spill Kits | | |____Spill Kit | | |____Universal Precautions Compliance Kit |____Housekeeping Accessories | |____Air Freshener Refill | |____Bottle Trigger Sprayer | |____Caddy Bag | |____Caster | |____Curved Mounting Bracket | |____Dispenser Drip Tray | |____Drip Tray | |____Empty Bottle | |____Empty Spray Bottle | |____Fire Retardant | |____Floor Stand | |____Foot Pedal | |____Linen Cart Bag | |____Mop Laundry Bag | |____Mounting Bracket | |____Replacement Scraper Blade | |____Rolling Stand | |____Spray Bottle | |____Surface Mount Bracket | |____Tabletop Stand | |____Trash Can Lid | |____Vacuum Bag | |____Wall Bracket | |____Wall Plate | |____Wire Dust Mop Frame |____Knives and Scrapers | |____Floor Scraper | |____Scraper |____Laundry | |____Bags and Liners | | |____Laundry Bag | |____Hamper Frames | | |____Hamper Stand | |____Hampers with Bags | | |____Triple Hamper with Bags | |____Laundry Carts | | |____Laundry | | | |____Grocery Cart | | |____Linen Cart |____Locks and Safety Seals | |____Bag Seal | |____HeavyDuty Padlock Seal | |____PullTight Seal | |____SecurePull Breakable Seal | |____Tamper Evident Seal |____Pads |____Pads Sponges and Task Wipes | |____Biohazard Liner | |____Foodservice Towel | |____Scouring Pad | |____Scouring Sponge | | |____Pad | |____Shop Towel | |____Task Wipe |____Shelving | |____Wire Shelving |____Step Stools | |____Foot Stool with Handle | |____Step Stool |____Storage Bins and Dividers | |____Bins | | |____Storage Bin | | |____Tote with Lid | |____Dividers | | |____Drawer Divider Card |____Toilet Seat Covers | |____Toilet Seat Cover |____Toilet Tissues | |____Toilet Tissue |____Urinal Screens | |____Urinal Block | |____Urinal Screen |____Vacuums and Sweepers | |____Sweeper |____Waste Receptacles | |____Feminine Hygiene Waste Receptacle | |____FireResistant Trash Can | |____Medical Waste Receptacle | |____Recycling Container | |____Tilt Truck Dumpster | |____Trash Can | |____Trash Can with Plastic Liner Humidifiers and Nebulizers Implants |____Pessary | |____Pessary Incontinence |____Adult Briefs |____Belted Briefs |____Briefs & Diapers |____Disposable Underpads |____Pads & Liners |____Pediatric | |____Pediatric Briefs |____Pediatric Training Pants |____Undergarments | |____Adult | | |____Adult Protective Underwear |____Wet Wipes |____Youth | |____Youth Training Pants | |____Youth Briefs |____Briefs and Diapers | |____Absorbent Underwear | |____Diaper | |____Incontinent Brief | |____Sample Incontinent Belted Undergarment | |____Training Pants |____Fecal Collection Devices |____Incontinence Accessories | |____Bedwetting Alarm | |____Belt | |____Bladder Support Size 1 | |____Bladder Support Size 3 | |____Bladder Support Sizing Kit | |____Incontinence Disposal System Refill Bags |____Liners | |____Bladder Control Pad | |____Incontinence Booster Pad | |____Incontinence Liner |____Pants | |____Knit Pant | |____Longer Torso Knit Pant | |____Protective Underwear | |____Protective Underwear with Liner |____Underpads | |____Low Air Loss Underpad | |____Positioning Underpad | |____Re-Usable Underpads | |____Underpad | |____Underpad with Tuckable Flaps Indicators and Signage |____Identification Bands | |____Patient ID Band |____Indicators and Signage Accessories | |____Insert Card |____Labels | |____Blank Label | |____Blank Label Tape | |____PrePrinted | | |____Write On Label | |____PrePrinted Label | | |____Tape |____Room ID Flag Systems | |____Room ID Flag System |____Signs | |____Caution Sign Infusion |____Cleaning Room Supplies | |____Caps | |____Exam Gowns | |____Shoe Covers | |____Chemo Gowns | |____Chemo Handling & Spill Kits | |____Clean Room Wipes | |____Masks | |____Tacky Mats & Rollers |____Elastomeric Pumps |____IV Access | |____Blood Collection Devices | |____IV Devices |____Needleless Systems |____Pharmacy Admixture |____Compounder Bags |____Compounder Pump Tubing |____Huber Needles |____Ice Packs & Coolers |____IV Start & Dressing Kits |____IVA Seals |____Prefilled Syringes |____Sharps Container | |____Chemo Sharps | |____Containers | |____Mailable Sharps |____Zip Close Bags Instruments |____Appliers | |____Applier | |____Clip Applier | |____Endopathic Applier |____Biopsy Instruments | |____Biopsy System |____Bougies | |____Esophageal Bougie |____Burs | |____Bur |____Cast Removal | |____Cast Saws | | |____Cast Cutter |____Cleaners and Solutions | |____Instrument High Level Disinfectants | | |____Glutaraldehyde HighLevel Disinfectant | | |____Hydrogen Peroxide HighLevel Disinfectant | | |____OPA HighLevel Disinfectant | |____Instrument Solutions | | |____Automated Washer Process Indicator | | |____Cleansing Solution | | |____Dual Enzymatic Instrument Detergent | | |____Enzymatic Instrument Detergent | | |____Instrument Detergent | | |____Instrument Lubricant | | |____Instrument Presoak |____Cryosurgical | |____Cryosurgical Systems | | |____Cryosurgical 3672 Kit | | |____Cryosurgical System |____Curettes | |____Bone Curette | |____Dermal Curette | |____Ear Curette | |____Ear Curette Pack | |____Endometrial Biopsy Curette | |____Vacuum Curette |____Cutters | |____Nail Cutters | | |____Nail Nipper | | |____Nail Splitter | |____Ring Cutters | | |____Ring Cutters | | | |____Ring Cutter |____Dilators | |____Tracheoesophageal Puncture Dilator | |____Vascular Dilator |____Dissectors | |____Dissector |____Electrosurgical Products | |____Cauterizing | | |____Tips | | | |____Cautery | | |____Units | | | |____Surgical Cautery | |____Return and Grounding Pads | | |____Electrosurgical Return Pad | |____Surgical Electrodes | | |____Electrode Handles | | | |____Electrosurgical Pencil | | |____Electrode Tips | | | |____Electrosurgical Electrode |____Elevators | |____Elevator | | |____Spatula |____Forceps | |____Dressing Forceps | |____Forceps | |____Hemostatic Forceps | |____Obstetrical Forceps | |____Tenaculum Forceps | |____Tissue Forceps | |____Tube Occluding Forceps | |____Tweezers |____Hammers and Mallets | |____Neurological Hammer | |____Percussion Hammer |____Instrument Accessories | |____CClamp for Tubing | |____Germicide Soaking Tray | |____Instrument Holder | |____Probe Cover | |____Sanding Band | |____Stability Sleeve Trocar | |____Tubing Clamp | |____Vacuum Bag |____Instrument Trays | |____Instrument Tray | |____Irrigation Tray | |____Scope Tray |____Introducers | |____Catheter Introducer | |____Introducer | |____Micro Introducer Kit | |____Needle Introducer |____Knives and Scalpels | |____Cutting Blades | | |____Stab Blade | | |____Surgical Blade | | |____Surgical Clipper Blade | |____Handles with Blades | | |____Safety Scalpel | | |____Scalpel |____Mirrors | |____Laryngeal Mirror |____Needle Holders | |____Needle Holder |____Nerve Sensation Devices | |____Neurological Examination Pins | |____Neuropathy Screening Pen |____Optical Separators | |____Knee Separator |____Probes | |____Probe Covers | | |____Probe Cover |____Punches | |____Biopsy Punch |____Retractors | |____Laparoscopic Retractor | |____Retractor |____Rongeurs | |____Bone Spur Pad | |____General Purpose Rongeur | |____Intervertebral Disc Rongeur | | |____Pituitary | |____Laminectomy Rongeur |____Scissors and Shears | |____Bandage Scissors | |____Dissecting Scissors | |____Iris Scissors | |____Laparoscopic Scissors | |____Operating Scissors | |____Scissors | |____Suture Scissors |____Skin Markers | |____Skin Marker | |____Surgical Skin Marker |____Specialty Instruments | |____Laparoscopic Grasper |____Speculum | |____Nasal Speculum | | |____Nasal Speculum with Illuminator | |____Vaginal Speculum | | |____Vaginal Speculum |____Standard Procedure Trays | |____Bone Marrow Biopsy Tray | |____HSG Procedure Tray |____Trocars | |____Campbell Trocar | |____MultiPurpose Trocar | |____Trocar | |____Trocar Sleeve | |____Trocar With Stability Sleeve Insulin Infusion |____Pump Supplies |____Pumps Iodine Surgical Scrub IV Administration |____IV Dressings | |____Tegaderm |____Peripheral l.V. Catheters IV Therapy |____Armboards | |____IV Armboard |____Blood Tubing | |____Blood Collection Set |____Cannulas | |____Cannulas with Syringe | | |____Cannula with Syringe | | |____Dual Cannula with Syringe | |____Cannulas without Syringes | | |____Blunt Cannula | | |____Locking Blunt Cannula |____Central Venous Catheter Kits | |____Central Venous Catheter Tray |____Closed IV Catheters | |____Closed IV Catheter |____Dialysis Catheters and Trays |____Infusion Bags | |____Blood Collection Bag | |____Phlebotomy Bag | |____Transfer Bag |____Infusion Sets | |____Infusion Sets | | |____Huber Infusion Kits | | |____Huber Infusion Set | | |____Infusion Needle Set | | |____Infusion Set | | |____Insulin Infusion Set | | |____Port Access Kit | | |____Portal Access Cannula | | |____Pump Infusion Set | | |____Subcutaneous Infusion Set | | |____SubQ Infusion Set |____IV Administration Sets | |____Extension Sets | | |____Extension Connector Loop | | |____Extension Set | |____Primary Administration Sets | | |____Administration Set | | |____Flow Regulator Set | | |____Infusion Set | | |____PCA Set | | |____Plum Set | | |____Pump Set | |____Secondary Administration Sets | | |____Medication Set | | |____Secondary Administration Set | | |____Secondary IV Administration Set | | |____Secondary Set | | |____Set PurpleStriped Tubing | | |____Suction Tubing | |____Stopcocks | | |____Stopcock |____IV Catheters | |____Catheter Introducer | |____Closed IV Catheter | |____Peripheral IV Catheter |____IV Dressings | |____IV Dressing | |____SorbaView |____IV Poles | |____IV Pole | |____IV Stand |____IV Start Kits | |____IV Start Kit |____IV Therapy Accessories | |____Adapter Plug | |____Bag Access Spike | |____Blood Collection Transfer Set | |____Cap | |____Central Venous Catheter Stabilization Device | |____Disinfecting Cap | |____Empty Container | |____Extension Set | |____Heparin Lock | |____Infusion Set Insertion Device | |____Injection Site Access Pin | |____Injection Site Adapter | |____Intravenous Adapter | |____IV Connector | |____IV Gravity Flow Controller | |____Luer Activated Device | |____Microbore Extension Set | |____Needleless Connector | |____Pressure Wound Carry Bag | |____Pump Feeding Spike Set | |____Pump Reservoir | |____Replacement Connector | |____Safety Infusion Set | |____Stabilization Device | |____Tip Adapter | |____Transfer Device | |____Transfer Set | |____Universal Vial Adapter | |____Valve | |____Vial Access Pin | |____Vial Adapter |____Peripheral Inserted Central Catheters PICC and Trays | |____Peripheral Inserted Catheter Tray | |____Peripheral IV Catheter Insertion Kit |____Prep Pads | |____Alcohol Prep Pad | |____Electrode Skin Prep Pad | |____Skin Barrier Wipe |____Pumps | |____Elastomeric Pump | |____Elastomeric Pump System | |____Pump IV Set | |____Pump Set |____Tourniquets | |____Combat Tourniquet | |____Tourniquet | |____Tourniquet Band | |____Tourniquet Band on Roll | |____Tourniquet Strap Leg & Drainage bags Marketing Medical Devices |____Alternating Pressure Surfaces | |____Group II Pressure Surfaces |____Lymphedema | |____Compression Sleeve | |____High Pressure Pneumatic Device | |____Limb Compression Device | |____Lymphedema Supplies | |____Non-Segmental Compressors | |____Segmental Pneumatic Appliance | | |____Pneumatic Appliance Arm | | |____Pneumatic Appliance Boot | | |____Pneumatic Appliance Chest | | |____Pneumatic Appliance Leg |____Range of Motion | |____Devices | |____Elbow Orthosis Device | |____Knee Orthosis Device Needles and Syringes |____Acupuncture Needles | |____Acupuncture Needle |____Anesthesia Injection Needles | |____Dental Needle | |____Spinal Needle |____Anesthesia Trays | |____Epidural Trays | | |____Epidural Tray | |____Spinal Trays | | |____Spinal Anesthesia Tray |____Arterial Blood Gas Kits | |____Arterial Blood Gas Kit |____Hypodermic Needles | |____Hypodermic Needle | |____Insulin Pen Needle |____Insufflation Needles | |____Pneumoperitoneum Needle |____Intraosseous Infusion Needles | |____Intraosseous Infusion Needle |____Needle and Blade Counters | |____Needle and Blade Counter |____Needles and Syringes Accessories | |____Drainage System Luer Adaptor | |____Injection Cap | |____Key | |____Luer Adapter | |____Luer Cap | |____Luer Lok Cap | |____Needle Clipping Device | |____Needle Guide Kit | |____Needle Holder | |____Nemoto Syringe Pack | |____Oral Dispenser Cap | |____Oral Syringe Tip Cap | |____Sharps Container Cart | |____Syringe Filter | |____Table Top Tray Holder | |____Tip | |____Tip Cap |____Nerve Block Devices | |____Nerve Block Needles | | |____Echogenic Needle | | |____Peripheral Nerve Block Needle | |____Nerve Block Trays | | |____Nerve Block Tray |____Pharmacy Needles | |____Medication Transfer Needle |____Port Access Infusion Needles | |____Huber Needle | |____Safety Needle |____Sharps Collectors | |____Brackets and Cabinets | | |____Bracket | | |____Sharps Cabinet | | |____Sharps Collector Bracket | | |____Sharps Collector Cabinet | | |____Sharps Collector Cart | | |____Sharps Collector Holder | | |____Sharps Container Bracket | | |____Sharps Container Floor Cart | | |____Sharps Containment System | | |____Sharps Floor Bracket | | |____Sharps Wall Cabinet with Glove Box | |____Receptacles | | |____Chemotherapy Sharps Container | | |____Chemotherapy Waste Container | | |____Mailback Sharps Collector Intro Kit | | |____Mailback Sharps Container | | |____Multipurpose Sharps Container | | |____Phlebotomy Sharps Container | | |____RCRA Waste Container | | |____Sharps Container | | | |____Return Box |____Syringes | |____Bulb Syringes | | |____Ear | | | |____Ulcer Bulb Syringe | | |____Ear Syringe | | |____Irrigation Bulb Syringe | |____Piston Syringes | | |____Control Syringe | | |____Ear Syringe | | |____Enteral Feeding | | | |____Irrigation Syringe | | |____Enteral Syringe | | |____General Purpose Syringe | | |____Irrigation Syringe | | |____Oral Dispenser Syringe | | |____Pharmacy Tray | | |____Syringe Kit |____Syringes with Needles | |____Allergy Tray | |____Endodontic Syringe with Needle | |____Insulin Syringe with Needle | |____Syringe with Hypodermic Needle | |____Tuberculin Syringe with Needle | |____Tuberculin Syringe with Needle Tray Non-DME |____Exercise Supplies |____Non-Diabetic Syringes/Needles |____Non-DME Accessories |____Pillows |____Sharps Containers Nurse's Station and Office Supplies |____Bells | |____Call Bell |____Binders and Chart Holders | |____Arch Support Bandage | |____Medcial Record Binder | |____Ring Binder |____Computer Peripherals | |____Mouse Cushion | |____Mouse Wrist Cushion |____Dividers and Tabs | |____Card Divider | |____Divider Set |____Measuring Devices | |____Tapes | | |____Measuring Tape |____Nurse's Station Accessories | |____Peel and Stick Pockets | |____Remote Control |____Office and Mailing Envelopes | |____Pill Envelope |____Safety Pins | |____Safety Pin |____Storage Boxes | |____Cardboard Tote Nutrition |____Child Nutrition |____Infant Formula |____Metabolic |____RTH Supplemental Nutrition |____Solid Food Products |____Supplemental Nutrition |____Thickeners Nutritional Products Nutritionals and Feeding Supplies |____Feeding Supplies | |____Feeding Tubes | | |____Gastrostomy Tubes | | | |____Balloon Button Gastrostomy Feeding Device | | | |____Balloon Gastrostomy Feeding Tube | | | |____Capsule Non Balloon Button Feeding Device | | | |____Dual Gastrostomy Feeding Tube Kit | | | |____GastroEnteric Feeding Tube Kit | | | |____Gastrostomy Feeding Kit | | | |____Gastrostomy Feeding Tube | | | |____Gastrostomy Feeding Tube Kit | | | |____Low Profile Balloon Button Gastrostomy Tube | | | |____Obturated NonBalloon Button Feeding Device | | | |____PEG Kit | | | |____Skin Level Balloon Gastrostomy Kit | | | |____Skin Level NonBalloon Gastrostomy Kit | | |____Jejunal Tubes | | | |____Baker Jejunostomy Tube | | | |____Jejunal Feeding | | | | |____Gastric Decompression Tube | | | |____Jejunal Feeding Tube | | | |____LowProfile Jejunal Feeding Tube | | | |____LowProfile TransgastricJejunal Feeding Tube | | | |____TransgastricJejunal Feeding Tube | | |____Nasogastric Tubes | | | |____Nasogastric Feeding Tube | | | |____Neonatal | | | | |____Pediatric Nasogastric Feeding Tube | | | |____Pediatric Nasogastric Feeding Tube | |____Gravity Feeding | | |____Gravity Bag Sets | | | |____Gravity Feeding Bag Set | | | |____Gravity Feeding Bag Set with ENFit Connector | |____Infant Nursing | | |____Bottles and Liners | | | |____Baby Bottle | | | |____Breast Milk Storage Bag | | | |____Breast Milk Storage Bottle | | | |____Cleft Lip | | | | |____Palate Baby Bottle | | |____Breast Pump Kits | | | |____Breast Pump Kit | | | |____Hospital Discharge Breast Pump Kit | | | |____Manual Breast Pump Kit | | |____Breast Pumps | | | |____Breast Pump | | | |____Breast Pump Starter Set | | |____Nipples | | | |____Nipple | | |____Nursing Pads and Shields | | | |____Breast Shield | | | |____Nipple Shield | | | |____Nursing Pad | |____Pump Feeding | | |____Pump Bag Sets | | | |____Enteral Feeding Pump Bag Set | | | |____Enteral Feeding Pump Bag Set with ENFit Connector | | |____Pump Spike Sets | | | |____Pump Feeding Proximal Spike Set | | | |____Pump Feeding Spike Set | | |____Pumps | | | |____Enteral Feeding Pump |____Nutritionals | |____Dietary | | |____Drink Mix | | |____Electrolyte Replenishment Drink Mix | | |____Electrolyte Replenishment Freeze Pop | | |____Nutrition Bar | |____Infant | | |____Infant | | | |____Toddler Formula | | |____Infant Formula | | |____Sterile Water | | |____Sucrose Solution | |____Metabolics | | |____Amino Acid Oral Supplement | | |____Low Protein Oral Supplement | | |____MCT Medical Food | | |____Metabolic Oral Supplement | | |____MSUD Oral Supplement | | |____PKU Oral Supplement | |____Modular Components | | |____Arginine | | | |____Whey Protein Supplement | | |____Arginine Supplement | | |____Oral Protein Supplement | | |____Protein Supplement | | |____Whey Protein Supplement | |____Oral Supplements | | |____Oral Fiber Supplement | | |____Oral Protein Supplement | | |____Oral Supplement | | | |____Tube Feeding Formula | | |____Probiotic Oral Supplement | | |____Urinary Health Supplement | |____Pediatric | | |____Pediatric Oral Electrolyte Solution | | |____Pediatric Oral Supplement | |____Standard Tube Feeding | | |____Pediatric Tube Feeding Formula | | |____Tube Feeding Formula | |____Thickeners | | |____Food and Beverage Thickener | | |____Food Thickener | | |____Puree | | |____Thickend Beverage | | |____Thickened Beverage | | |____Thickened Decaffeinated Beverage | | |____Thickened Water |____Nutritionals Accessories | |____2Prong Plug | |____Accessory Kit | |____Aluminum Foil | |____Backflow Protector | |____Battery | |____Breast Milk Collection System | |____Breast Milk Storage Bag | |____Breast Pump Bottle | |____Breast Pump Tubing | |____Breast Pump Valve | |____Brush Set | |____Car Adapter | |____Carry Bag | |____Circuit Board | |____Cutterbox Film Wrap | |____Deli Papers | |____Diaphragm | |____Duckbill Valve | |____Enteral Only Extension Set | |____Feeding Tube | |____Flange Kit | |____Food Wrap Film | |____Gastric Extension Set with Dual ENFit YPort | |____Gastric Extension Set with Dual ENFit YPort Medication | |____Gastric Extension Set with Purple Hybrid YPort | |____Irrigation Syringe | |____Jejunostomy Repair Kit | |____Massager | |____Milk Collection System | |____Milk Cooler Kit | |____Milk Straw | |____Nipple Everter | |____OneHand Manual Breast Pump Adapter | |____Pole Clamp | |____Pop Up Aluminum Foil Sheet | |____Power Adapters | |____Power Cord | |____Replacement Tubing | |____Replacement Valve | |____Right Angle Connector with Male ENFit and TRN202 | |____Single ENFIt Extension Set with Cap | |____Spare Parts Kit | |____Straight Connector with YPort Adapter | |____Tote Bag | |____Transition Connector | |____Ultrasonic Sensor Optics |____Eye Lubricant Orthopedic |____Casting | |____Cast and Splint Bandages and Tapes | | |____Cast Splint | | |____Cast Tape | | |____Padded Splint Roll | | |____Precut Splint | | |____Soft Splint | |____Cast Padding | | |____Cast Padding | | |____Meta Pad | | |____Meta Pads | | |____Moleskin | | |____Moleskin Pad | | |____Orthopedic Felt | | |____Stockinette | |____Cast Protectors | | |____Arm Cast Cover | | |____Arm Cast Protector | | |____Cast Cover | | |____Cast Protector | | |____Hand Cast Protector | | |____Knee Cast Protector | | |____Leg Cast Cover | | |____Leg Cast Protector |____Hook and Loop Strapping | |____Loop | |____Loop Tape | |____NonAdhesive Hook Strapping | |____NonAdhesive Loop Strapping | |____Padded Loop | |____SelfAdhesive Hook | |____SelfAdhesive Hook Strapping | |____SelfAdhesive Loop | |____SoftStrap Strapping Material |____Immobilizers |____Immobilizers Splints and Supports | |____Lower Body | | |____Ankle Foot and Toe | | | |____Air | | | | |____Gel Ankle Brace | | | |____Ankle | | | | |____Foot Orthosis | | | | |____Foot Splint | | | | |____Foot Support | | | |____Ankle Brace | | | |____Ankle Sleeve | | | |____Ankle Splint | | | |____Ankle Stabilizer | | | |____Ankle Support | | | |____Ankle Walker | | | |____Ankle Walker Boot | | | |____Arch Bandage | | | |____Blister Pad | | | |____Bone Spur Pad | | | |____Bunion Cushion | | | |____Bunion Pad | | | |____Bunion Splint | | | |____Corn Cushion | | | |____Corn Pad | | | | |____Toe Spacer | | | |____Digital Tube | | | |____Dorsal Night Splint | | | |____Foot Brace | | | |____Foot Drop Boot | | | |____Foot Drop Brace | | | |____Foot Splint | | | |____Foot Support | | | |____Hammer Toe Crest | | | |____Heel Cup | | | |____Heel Hugger | | | |____Heel Lift | | | |____Heel Loop | | | |____Heel Protecting Boot | | | |____Heel Protector | | | |____Heel Protector Boot | | | |____Heel Splint | | | |____Heel Wedge | | | |____Lambs Wool Padding | | | |____Meta Pads | | | |____Metatarsal Pad | | | |____MultiPodus Foot Brace | | | |____Night Splint | | | |____Orthotic Boot | | | |____Orthotic System | | | |____Podus Boot | | | |____Posterior Leaf Splint | | | |____Suspension Boot | | | |____Toe Cushion | | | |____Toe Protector | | | |____Toe Regulator | | | |____Toe Spacer | | | |____Toe Support | | | |____Universal Ankle Brace | | | |____Walker Boot | | |____Hip | | | |____Hip Abduction Pillow | | | |____Hip Abduction System | | | |____Hip Brace | | | |____SideLying Leg and Knee Abductor | | |____Insoles | | | |____Arch Cushion | | | |____Arch Support | | | |____Arch Support Cushion | | | |____Foot Orthosis | | | |____Heel Hugger | | | |____Insole | | | |____Insole Material | | | |____Longitudinal Arch Support | | | |____Metatarsal Pad | | |____Knee | | | |____3Panel Knee Immobilizer | | | |____Compression Knee Dressing | | | |____Hinged Knee Brace | | | |____Hinged Knee Support | | | |____Hinged Knee Wrap | | | |____Hinged Patella Knee Wrap | | | |____Knee Band | | | |____Knee Brace | | | |____Knee Immobilizer | | | |____Knee Sleeve | | | |____Knee Splint | | | |____Knee Stabilizer | | | |____Knee Strap | | | |____Knee Support | | | |____Knee Wrap | | | |____Patella Strap | | | |____Patella Support | | | |____Patella Support Strap | | | |____PostOp Knee Brace | | |____Leg | | | |____Leg Splint | |____Upper Body | | |____Arm | | | |____Arm Sling | | | |____Arm Splint | | | |____Elevating Arm Support | | | |____Humeral Fracture Brace | | | |____Limb Splint | | | |____Pneumatic Armband | | |____Clavicle and Shoulder | | | |____Clavicle Splint | | | |____Clavicle Strap | | | |____Clavicle Support | | | |____Shoulder | | | | |____Arm Immobilizer | | | |____Shoulder Immobilizer | | | |____Shoulder Sling | | | |____Shoulder Stabilizer | | |____Elbow | | | |____Arm Band | | | |____Elbow Brace | | | |____Elbow Sleeve | | | |____Elbow Splint | | | |____Elbow Strap | | | |____Elbow Support | | | |____Elbow Support Strap | | | |____Tennis Elbow Sleeve | | | |____Tennis Elbow Strap | | |____Neck | | | |____Cervical Collar | | | |____Cervical Collar with Replacement Pads | | |____Torso | | | |____Abdominal Binder | | | |____Abdominal Support | | | |____Back Belt | | | |____Back Brace | | | |____Back Support | | | |____Back Support Belt | | | |____Criss Cross SacroLumbar Support | | | |____Industrial Back Support | | | |____Lumbar Sacral Support | | | |____Lumbar Support | | | |____Lumbosacral Support | | | |____Maternity Support Belt | | | |____Postpartum Abdomen Support | | | |____Posture Corrector | | | |____Rib Belt | | | |____SacroLumbar Support | | | |____Spine Brace | | |____Wrist Hand and Finger | | | |____Arthritis Support | | | |____Boxer Fracture Brace | | | |____Boxer Orthosis | | | |____Cone With Finger Separator | | | |____Extension Tube Finger Splint | | | |____Finger Cot Splint | | | |____Finger Cushion | | | |____Finger Guard | | | |____Finger Orthosis Kit | | | |____Finger Protector Splint | | | |____Finger Splint | | | |____Finger Strip Splint | | | |____Hand | | | | |____Wrist | | | | | |____Finger Splint | | | | |____Wrist Separate Finger Orthosis | | | | |____Wrist Splint | | | | |____Wrist Stabilizer | | | |____Hand Brace | | | |____Hand Orthosis | | | |____Hand Positioning Splint | | | |____Hand Splint | | | |____Hand Thumb Orthosis | | | |____Palm Guard | | | |____Palm Guard Kit | | | |____Palm Protector | | | |____Progressive Rest Hand | | | |____Resting Hand Orthosis | | | |____Resting Hand Splint | | | |____Rigid Thumb Support | | | |____Thumb Brace | | | |____Thumb Spica | | | |____Thumb Splint | | | |____Thumb Stabilizer | | | |____Thumb Support | | | |____Ulnar Deviation Insert | | | |____Wrist | | | | |____Forearm Splint | | | | |____Forearm Splint Padded | | | | |____Hand | | | | | |____Finger Orthosis | | | | |____Hand Orthosis | | | | |____Hand Splint | | | | |____Thumb Brace | | | | |____Thumb Spica Splint | | | | |____Thumb Support Splint | | | |____Wrist Brace | | | |____Wrist Cushion | | | |____Wrist Immobilizer | | | |____Wrist Sleep Support | | | |____Wrist Splint | | | |____Wrist Stabilizer | | | |____Wrist Support | | | |____Wrist Wrap |____Orthopedic Accessories | |____Ankle Sprain Management Kit | |____Body Adhesive | |____Cervical Collar Replacement Pads | |____Hand Liner | |____Loop SelfAdhesive | |____Moldable Insert | |____Moleskin Plus Padding | |____Pad Kit | |____Replacement Pads | |____Replacement Pads Cervical Collar | |____Replacement Wrap | |____Spray | |____Walker Boot Liner |____Traction | |____Upper Extremity | | |____Cervical Traction Kit Overdoor | | |____Cervical Traction System Orthopedics |____Hand Braces |____Foot Braces |____Ankle Braces |____Braces | |____Abdominal Binders | |____Ankle & Foot Supports | |____Back Supports | |____Cervical Collars | |____Hernia Supports | |____Knee Supports | |____Slings | |____Splints | |____Support Belts Sleeves & Braces |____Splinting Supplies |____Crutches |____Knee Walker Ostomy |____Continent Ostomy Products | |____Patches | |____Catheters for Irrigation |____Ostomy Accessories | |____Adhesive Liquids/Cements | |____Adhesive Removers | | |____Adhesive Remover Wipes | | |____Liquid Form | |____Appliance Cleaners | |____Barriers | | |____Moldable Barriers | | | |____Rings | | | |____Strips | | |____Non-Moldable Barriers | |____Belts | | |____Ostomy Belts | | |____Support Belts | |____Deodorants | | |____Aerosol Room Deodorant | | |____Pouching System Deodorants | | | |____Per Fluid Ounce | | | |____Tablet Form | | |____Oral Tablets | |____Ostomy Irrigation Supplies | | |____Irrigation Kits | | |____Irrigation Sleeves | | |____Stoma Cones | | |____Irrigation Bags | |____Adhesive | |____Colostomy Lleostomy Vent | |____Face Plate | |____Ileostomy Belt | |____Liquid Bonding Cement | |____Odor Eliminator | |____Ostomy Absorbents | |____Ostomy Appliance Deodorant | |____Ostomy Deodorizer | |____Ostomy Face Plate | |____Ostomy Pouch Closure | |____Ostomy Undergarments | |____Paste | |____Precut Washer | |____Protective Barrier Spray | |____Self-Adhesive/Tape Discs | |____Skin Barrier Wipe | |____Skin Bonding Cement | |____Skin Prep | | |____Liquids | | |____Powders | |____Stoma Cone | |____Stop Plus Ostomy Pouch Deodorizer | |____Topical Adhesive |____Pouching Systems | |____One Piece Pouches | | |____One Piece Closed | | |____One Piece Drainable | | |____One Piece Urinary | |____Two Piece Pouches | | |____Pouches | | | |____Two Piece Closed | | | |____Two Piece Urinary | | |____Two Piece Drainable | | |____Faceplates | |____Non-Adhesive Pouching Systems | | |____Colostomy | | |____Ileostomy | | |____Urinary |____Urine collectors |____Closed-end Pouches |____Drainable Pouches |____Ostomy Accesories | |____Ostomy Care Supplies | |____Adhesives | |____Barrier Rings | |____Cleaning solutions | |____Collection Bags | |____Loop Ostomy Bridges | |____Lubricant/Deoderant | |____Pouch Clamps | |____Protective Wipes | |____Replacement Filters | |____Adhesive Remover | |____Flange Caps | |____Inserts | |____Irrigation Accessories | |____Powder | |____Stoma Caps | |____Wafers/Barriers |____Skin Barriers |____Eakin | |____Eakin Cohesive Skin Barrier Ring | |____Eakin Cohesive Skin Barrier, Square | |____Eakin pouch |____Barriers | |____Barrier Film | |____Barrier Ring | |____Base Plate | |____Colostomy Barrier | |____Ostomy Barrier | |____Ostomy Disc | |____Ostomy Gasket | |____Ostomy Skin Barrier | |____PostOperative | | |____Surgical Kit | |____Skin Barrier |____Children's/Infant's Ostomy | |____Children's Skin Barriers |____Colon and Rectal Tubes | |____Rectal Tube |____Enema Bags and Kits | |____Enema Bag Set |____Irrigation Products |____Options Undergarments |____Ostomy | |____Hernia Belts | | |____Hernia Belt | | |____Hernia Belt Guard | | |____Ostomy Belt | | |____Peristomal Hernia Belt | | |____Truss |____Ostomy Kits |____Ostomy Washers |____Pouches | |____Colostomy Pouch | |____Filtered Ostomy Kit | |____Filtered Ostomy Pouch | |____Filtered Ostomy Pouch Kit | |____Ileostomy | | |____Colostomy Pouch | |____Ileostomy Pouch | |____IPD Pouch | |____Ostomy Pouch | |____Ostomy Pouch Kit | |____PostOp Ostomy Pouch | |____Pouch | |____Protex Powder Pad | |____Transport Pouch | |____Urinary Pouch | |____Urostomy Pouch | |____Urostomy System Pouch |____Urostomy Pouches |____Wafers |____Wound Dressing other |____custom items | |____custom items 1 |____Prop 65 Compliance |____Z Manufacturers | |____Zevex Incorporated Other Over The Counter |____Anti Itch Treatments |____Cold and Allergy | |____Children's Cold and Allergy | |____Allergy and Sinus Relief | |____Chest Rubs | |____Cough Drops/Sore Throat | |____Lip Care | |____Nasal |____Digestive Health | |____Acid Controllers | |____Digestive Aids | |____Laxatives | |____Stomach Remedies |____First Aid | |____Hot/Cold Therapy | |____Anesthetic | |____Antiseptic | |____Burn Relief | |____Epsom Salt | |____First Aid Antibiotic | |____First Aid Dressings | |____First Aid Treatments |____Pain and Fever | |____Thermometers and Accessories | |____Children's Pain/Fever Relief | |____External Pain Relief | |____Pain Relief |____Allergy Relief | |____Allergy Relief | |____Children's Allergy Relief |____AntiItch and Antifungals | |____Antifungal | |____Itch Relief | |____Vaginal Antifungal |____Contraceptives | |____Condom |____Cough and Cold Relief | |____Chest Rub | |____Children's Cold Relief | |____Cold and Cough Relief | |____Sore Throat Relief |____Eye/Ear Care | |____Ear Care | |____Eye Care | |____Eye Glasses |____Family Planning | |____Condoms and Contraseptives | |____Pregnancy and Fertility |____Flavoring | |____Essential Oil |____Foot Care |____Gastrointestinal | |____Antacid | | |____Antacid | | |____Gas Relief | | |____Infant Gas Relief | | |____Poison Absorbent | |____AntiDiarrhea | | |____AntiDiarrheal | |____AntiNausea | | |____Antiemetic | | |____Nausea Relief | |____Enemas | | |____Enema | |____Hemorrhoid Relief | | |____Hemorrhoid Relief | |____Laxatives | | |____Fiber Supplement | | |____Laxative | | |____Stool Softener | |____Probiotics | | |____Pediatric Probiotic Dietary Supplement | | |____Probiotic Dietary Supplement |____Glucose Supplement | |____Glucose |____Herbs | |____Herbal Supplement |____Lubricating Gels | |____Lubricant Jelly | |____Personal Lubricant | |____Petroleum Jelly |____Nasal Spray | |____Nasal Spray | |____Saline |____Ophthalmic |____Ophthalmic Optics | |____Allergy Relief | |____Contact Lens Solution | |____Eye Lubricant | |____Eye Wash | |____Eyelid Cleanser | |____Red Eye Relief |____Oral Anesthetics | |____Cold Sore Treatment | |____Oral Pain Relief |____Oral Care | |____Denture Products | |____Mouthwash | |____Oral Remedies | |____Toothbrushes | |____Toothpaste and Treatments |____Over the Counter Accessories | |____Pill Display | |____Power Cord |____Pain Relief | |____Pain Relief | |____Topical Pain Relief | |____Urinary Pain Relief |____Personal Care | |____Antiperspirants and Deodorants | |____Feminine Care | |____General Merchandise | |____Hair Care | |____Home Skin Care | |____Personal Care Appliances | |____Shaving and Grooming | |____Sun Care |____Pill Box | |____Pill Cup Holder | |____Pill Organizer |____Pill Crushers and Cutters | |____Mortar and Pestle | |____Pill Crusher | |____Pill Cutter |____Sleep Aids | |____Natural Sleep Aid | |____Sleep Aid | |____Stop Snoring Aid |____Sleep and Snoring aids | |____Sleep Medicine | |____Snoring aids |____Smoking Suppressors | |____Stop Smoking Aid |____Stimulants | |____Stimulant |____Vitamins and Minerals | |____Calcium Supplement | |____Coenzyme Q10 Supplement | |____Diabetes Multivitamin Supplement | |____Dietary Supplement | |____Fiber Supplement | |____Fish Oil Supplement | |____Iron Supplement | |____Joint Health Supplement | |____Magnesium Supplement | |____Mineral Supplement | |____Multivitamin Supplement | |____Pediatric Multivitamin Supplement | |____Prenatal Vitamin Supplement | |____Vitamin A Supplement | |____Vitamin B Supplement | |____Vitamin B12 Suppleent | |____Vitamin B12 Supplement | |____Vitamin B3 Supplement | |____Vitamin C Supplement | |____Vitamin D Supplement | |____Vitamin D3 Supplement | |____Vitamin E Supplement | |____Vitamin Supplement | |____Zinc Supplement |____Vitamins and Supplements | |____Multivitamins | |____Supplements | |____Vitamins |____Wart and Corn Removers | |____Corn Remover | |____Wart Remover Pads Liners Patient Monitoring Accessories |____Boots |____Cables |____Cannulas & Sample Lines |____Carrying Cases |____Disposable Cuffs |____Electronic Thermometry |____Gas Accessories |____Manuals |____Mounting |____Mounting Brackets |____Multi-Parameter Monitors |____Oximetry |____Power Supplies |____Printers and Papers |____Roll Stands |____Supply Lines Personal Hygiene |____Ear Wash Systems | |____Ear Wash System | |____Handle |____Feminine Protection | |____Douches | | |____Douche | |____Feminine Pads | | |____Feminine Pad | |____Tampons | | |____Tampon |____Hair Care | |____Combs | | |____Comb | | |____Hair Pick | | |____Handle Comb | | |____Lice Comb | | |____Mini Hair Pick | | |____Plastic Comb | |____Conditioners | | |____Detangling Spray | | |____Hair Conditioner | | |____Hair Cream | |____Hairbrushes | | |____Hairbrush | |____Shampoos | | |____Baby Shampoo | | |____Dandruff Shampoo | | |____Lice Shampoo | | |____RinseFree Shampoo | | |____RinseFree Shampoo and Body Wash | | |____RinseFree Shampoo and Conditioner | | |____Shampoo | | |____Shampoo and Body Wash | | |____Shampoo Cap | | |____Tearless Shampoo and Body Wash | |____Spray | | |____Hairspray |____Hair Removal | |____After Shaves | | |____After Shave | |____Clippers | | |____Surgical Clippers | |____Depilatories | | |____Hair Removing Cream | |____PreShaves | | |____PreShave | |____Razors | | |____Facial Hair Groomer | | |____Razor | |____Shaving Cream | | |____Shaving Cream | | |____Shaving Gel |____Mouth Care | |____Dentures | | |____Adhesives | | | |____Denture Adhesive | | |____Cleaners | | | |____Denture Cleaner | | |____Cups | | | |____Denture Cups | | |____Denture Brushes | | | |____Denture Brush | |____Floss | | |____Dental Floss | |____Lip Balm | | |____Lip Balm | |____Mouth Care Kits | | |____Cavity Fill | | |____Mouth Care Kit | | |____Oral Cleansing and Suction System | |____Mouth Moisturizers | | |____Mouth Moisturizer | |____Mouthwash | | |____Fluoride Rinse | | |____Mouthwash | |____Oral Care Swabs | | |____Oral Swabstick | |____Oral Irrigators | | |____Oral Irrigator | |____Toothbrushes | | |____Electric Toothbrush | | |____Mini Toothbrush | | |____Replacement Toothbrush Heads | | |____Security Toothbrush | | |____Toothbrush | |____Toothpaste | | |____Toothpaste |____Nail Care | |____Emery Boards | | |____Emery Board | | |____Foot File | |____Manicure Sticks | | |____Manicure Stick | | |____Nail Picks | |____Nail Clippers | | |____Fingernail Clippers | | |____Toenail Clippers |____Personal Care Kits | |____Admission Kit | |____Personal Travel Kit |____Personal Hygiene Accessories | |____Charger Stand | |____Eartips | |____Empty Bottle | |____Empty Bottle with Pump | |____HalfGallon Solutions Combo Pack | |____Mass Bracket | |____Otoclear Adapter Wand | |____Pole Accessory Kit | |____Pump | |____Replacement Brush Head | |____Replacement Pump Assembly | |____Replacement Sponge | |____Soap Box | |____Soap Dish | |____Tissue Bracket | |____Toothbrush Cap | |____Toothbrush Holder | |____Tub Stand |____Skin Care | |____Astringents and Acne Medications | | |____Acne Body Wash | | |____Acne Treatment | | |____Astringent | |____Deodorants and Antiperspirants | | |____Antiperspirant | | | |____Deodorant | | |____Deodorant | |____Hand Sanitizers | | |____AlcoholFree Hand Sanitizer | | |____Hand Sanitizer | | |____Hand Sanitizer with Aloe | |____Moisturizers | | |____A & D Ointment | | |____Baby Lotion | | |____Baby Oil | | |____Bath Oil | | |____Body Oil | | |____Cocoa Butter | | |____Diaper Rash Treatment | | |____Foot Moisturizer | | |____Massage Treatment | | |____Moisturizer | | |____Scar Treatment | | |____Skin Protectant | | |____Skin Protectant with Manuka Honey | |____Personal Wipes | | |____Baby Wipe | | |____Bath Wipe | | |____Flushable Personal Wipe | | |____Incontinent Care Wipe | | |____Personal Wipe | | |____Sanitizing Skin Wipe | |____Powders | | |____Baby Powder | | |____Body Powder | | |____Foot Powder | |____Scrub Brushes | | |____Impregnated Scrub Brush | | |____Nail Brush | | |____Scrub Brush | |____Scrubs and Solutions | | |____Germ Simulator | | |____Prep Solution | | |____Surgical Scrub | |____Skin Care Kits | | |____Germ Simulator Kit | |____Soaps | | |____Antibacterial Soap | | |____Antimicrobial Soap | | |____Baby Soap | | |____Body Wash | | |____Castile Soap | | |____Facial Cleanser | | |____Feminine Wash | | |____Incontinence Cleanser | | |____Perineal Wash | | |____RinseFree Body Wash | | |____RinseFree Perineal Wash | | |____Soap | |____Sunscreen | | |____Sunblock | | |____Sunscreen |____Washing Equipment | |____Basins | | |____Ear Basin | | |____Wash Basin | |____Bathing Tubs | | |____Seated Bathing System | |____Rinsers | | |____Inflatable Shampoo Basin | | |____Shampoo Basin | | |____Shampoo Tray | |____Showers | | |____Handheld Shower | | |____Handheld Shower Spray with Diverter Valve | |____Sitz Bath | | |____Sitz Bath | |____Sponges | | |____Bath Mitt | | |____Bath Sponge | | |____Swiveling Bath Sponge Personal Therapy |____Humidification Systems | |____Humidification Chambers Pharmaceuticals |____Pharmaceutical Accessories | |____Ambidextrous Pill Counter | |____Empty Insulin Cartridge | |____Eye Drop Bottle Squeezer | |____Funnel | |____Insulin Delivery Device | |____Liquids Pharmaceutical Disposal System | |____Medicine Dropper | |____Pill Counter | |____Product Exposure Indicator | |____Wall Mount |____Prescription Bottles | |____Prescription Vial |____Rx | |____Anesthetics | | |____Topical Anesthetic | |____Antibiotics | | |____Antibacterial | | |____Sulfonamide Systemic | |____Anticoagulants | | |____Anticoagulant | | |____Heparin Lock Flush | |____Anticonstipation Agents | | |____Ammonia Detoxicant | | |____Cathartic | | | |____Laxative | |____Antidiarrheal Agents | | |____Antidiarrheal Agent | |____Antifungals | | |____Antifungal | |____Antihistamines | | |____Antihistamine | | |____GastroIntestinal Antihistamine | |____Antiinflammatories | | |____Antiinflammatory Agent | |____Antinausea Agents | | |____Antinausea Agent | |____AntiUlcer Agents and Antacids | | |____Alkalinizing Agent | | |____Antacid | | | |____Absorbent | | |____ProtonPump Inhibitor | |____Contrast Media Agents | | |____Contrast Media | |____Corticosteroids | | |____Corticosteroid | |____Dermatological Agents | | |____Keratolytic Agent | | |____Wound Care | |____Insulins | | |____Insulin | |____Miscellaneous Therapeutic Agents | | |____Hydrogel Dressing | | |____Probiotic Medical Food | |____Ophthalmics & Optics | | |____Ophthalmic Disclosing Agent | |____Solutions | | |____Caloric Agent | | |____Inhaler | | |____Irrigation Solution | | |____IV Flush Solution | | |____Respiratory Therapy Solution | | |____Sodium Chloride Supplement | |____Vitamins Minerals and Amino Acids | | |____Iron Preparation | | |____Vitamin B Complex Physical Therapy |____Assessment Tools | |____Body Flexibility Test | |____Dynamometer | |____Hand Dynamometer | |____Mechanical Pinch Gauge | |____Minnesota Complete Dexterity Test | |____Pegboard Test Kit | |____Perception Test | |____Physical Therapy Cognitoys Set | |____Trunk Flexibility Box |____Chiropractic Measurement | |____Finger Goniometer | |____Goniometer |____DVT Therapy | |____DVT Pumps | | |____Compression Pump | |____DVT Sleeves | | |____DVT Compression Therapy Garment |____Electrotherapy and Sonic Therapy | |____Electrotherapy Electrodes | | |____Electrode | | |____Electrode Therapy Pad | | |____Electrotherapy Electrode | | |____PreGelled Electrode | | |____Stimulating Electrode | | |____TENS Electrode | | |____TENS Therapy Back Pain Refill Pad | |____Systems | | |____Back Pain Relief System | | |____Electrical Muscle Stimulator EMS | | |____Interferential Stimulator | | |____Microcurrent Stimulator | | |____Pain Relief | | |____TENS | | | |____EMS Combination System | | |____TENS and NMES Pain Relief System | | |____TENS UNIT | | |____Tens Unit Electrotherapy Device |____Exercise Equipment | |____Exercise Balls | | |____Ball Chair | | |____Exercise Ball | | |____Medicine Ball Set | | |____Squeeze Ball | |____Exercise Weights | | |____Ankle and Wrist Weight | | |____Ankle Weight | | |____Dumbbell | | |____Dumbbell Set | | |____Weight Cuff | |____Lower Body | | |____Arm and Shoulder Exerciser | | |____Leg Press Exercise Machine | | |____Pedal Exerciser | | |____Pedal Exerciser Deluxe | |____Resistance Bands | | |____Exercise Resistance Band | | |____Exercise Resistance Band Loop | | |____Exercise Resistance Band Set | | |____Exercise Resistance Tubing | |____Therapy Putty | | |____Antimicrobial Exercise Putty | | |____Exercise Putty | | |____Exercise Putty Set | | |____Therapy Putty | | |____Therapy Putty Antimicrobial | | |____Therapy Putty Set | |____Total Body | | |____360 Slide Board | | |____Balance Beam | | |____Balance Board | | |____Balance Board System | | |____Balance System | | |____Exercise Station | | |____Exerciser | | |____Horizontal Bolt Board | | |____Parallel Bar | | |____Pedal Exerciser | | |____Stability Disk | | |____Total Body Exerciser | | |____Treadmill | | |____Vestibular Disc | | |____Vestibular Dome | | |____Wobble | | | |____Rocker Board | |____Upper Body | | |____Arm and Shoulder Exerciser | | |____Cushion Grip | | |____Ergonomic Hand Exerciser | | |____Exerciser Set with Storage Unit | | |____Finger | | | |____Shoulder Ladder | | |____Finger Contracture Cushion | | |____Finger Orthosis | | |____Gel Wave Pad | | |____Hand | | | |____Finger Exerciser | | |____Hand Cone | | |____Hand Exerciser | | |____Hand Grip | | |____Overdoor Shoulder Pulley | | |____Pulley System | | |____Rehabilitation Aid | | |____Shoulder Exerciser | | |____Shoulder Pulley Exerciser | | |____Wrist | | | |____Arm Resistance Exercise Bar |____Gel and Lotion Warmers | |____Gel Warmer |____Kits | |____Hip Kit |____Pads and Mats | |____Balance Pad | |____Balance Pad Set | |____Exercise Mat | |____Floor Sitter | |____Nonslip Matting | |____Yoga Mat |____Physical Therapy Accessories | |____AC Adapter | |____Accessory Kit | |____Carry Bag | |____Caster Wheel | |____Container and Lid | |____Cover | |____Drum Inductive Applicator Cover | |____Extension Tubing Set | |____Fitting | |____Foam Tubing | |____Hand Control | |____Hand Grips | |____Handle | |____Heat Pack Cover | |____Knee and Shoulder Refill Pad | |____Knee WrapOn Pad | |____Lead Wire | |____Leadwire | |____Lotion Applicator | |____Massage Balls | |____Paraffin Bath | |____Power Supply | |____Replacement Celstim Particles | |____Replacement Hand Exerciser Bands | |____Replacement Tube and Mouthpiece | |____Scooper Plate | |____Sensory Stimulation Tray | |____Sponge | |____Stabilizer Base | |____Toe | | |____Finger Cap | |____Weight Rack |____SelfHelp Aids | |____Adult Tactile Activities | |____Back Scrubber Sponge | |____Body Massager | |____Book Holder | |____Button and Zipper Aid | |____Dressing Aid Stick | |____Dressing and Shoehorn Aid Stick | |____Drinking Bottle | |____Eye Drop Guide | |____Food Guard | |____Hand Aid | |____HandHeld Massager | |____Hip | | |____Knee Equipment Kit | |____Hip Equipment Kit | |____Jar Opener | | |____Closer | |____Key Turner | |____Lamp Switch | |____Leg Lifter | |____Lotion Applicator | |____Magnifying Glass | |____Nail Brush | |____NonSlip Matting | |____NonSlip Netting | |____Patient Communication Board | |____Personal Sound Amplifier | |____Playing Card Holder | |____Plug Puller | |____Reacher Clip | |____Reaching Aid | |____Reaching Aid Pack | |____Seatbelt Extender | |____Shoehorn | |____Shoehorn Dressing Stick Combo | |____Sock and Stocking Aid | |____Sock and Stocking Donner | |____Toe Scrubber | |____Toilet Aid | |____Toileting Aid | |____Tube Squeezer | |____Typing Aid | |____Utensil Holder | |____Writing Clip Aid |____Teaching Aids | |____Activity Apron | |____Activity Pillow | |____Communication Board | |____Pegboard |____Treatments | |____Cold | | |____Cold Gel | | |____Cold Pack | | |____Cold Therapy Pad | | |____Cold Therapy System | | |____Ice Bag | | |____Ice Bag and Wrap | | |____Ice Pack | | |____Ice Wrap | | |____Instant Cold Pack | | |____Shin Wrap | |____Hot | | |____Cold | | | |____Hot | | | | |____Cold Pack | | |____Heat Therapy Patch | | |____Heat Wrap | | |____Heating Pad | | |____Hot Pack | | |____Moist Heat Pack | | |____Moist Heat Therapy Pack | | |____Moist Heating Pad | | |____Paraffin Bath | | |____Paraffin Bath Refills | | |____Paraffin Blocks | | |____Parrafin Bath Kit | | |____Therapy Wrap | | |____Tropic Pac Cover | |____Hot&Cold | | |____Hot Water Bottle | | |____Hot&Cold Therapy Pack | | |____Hot&Cold Therapy Wrap | | |____HyperHypothermia Pad Pleural Drainage Products |____Aspira Rehabilitation Products |____Aids for Daily Living |____Bath/Hygiene |____Positioning & Safety |____Splinting & Casting |____Thermoplastics Respiratory |____Asthma | |____Holding Chambers | |____Neb Compressors and Supplies | | |____Aerosol Masks | | |____Compressor Accessories | | |____Corrugated Tubing | | |____Mouth Pieces | | |____Nebulizer Compressors | | | |____With Neb Cups | | | | |____Disposable Neb Cups | | | |____Without Neb Cups | | |____Nebulizer Compressor Filters | | | |____Disposable Filters | | | |____Re-Usable Filters | | |____Nebulizer Cups | | | |____Re-Usable Neb Cups | | |____Pre-Filled Humidifiers | |____Peak Flow Meters and Supplies | | |____Peak Flow Meters | |____Water Collection Devices |____Laryngectomy | |____HME Filters | | |____HME Cassettes | | |____HME Components | |____Base Plates | |____Electrolarynx and Supplies | | |____Artificial Larynx | | |____Electrolarynx Care Supplies | |____Laryngectomy Care Supplies | |____Laryngectomy Tubes | |____Voice Prosthesis |____Oxygen Supplies | |____Cannulas | |____Humidifier Jars | |____Oxygen Care Supplies | |____Oxygen Masks | |____Oxygen Tank Accessories | |____Oxygen Tube Connectors | |____Oxygen Tubing | |____Resuscitators |____Respiratory Therapy | |____Airway Management | |____Breathing Exerciser | |____Peep Valves | |____Aspirators | |____Non-Breathing Masks | |____Percussors |____Tracheostomy | |____Suction Pumps and Supplies | | |____Canisters | | |____Suction Catheters | | |____Suction Pump Accessories | | |____Suction Pump Tubing | | |____Suction Pumps | |____Tracheostomy Care Supplies | |____Tracheostomy Masks | |____Tracheostomy Tubes and Kits | | |____Tracheostomy Tubes | | |____Tracheostomy Tube Kits | |____Inner Cannula | |____InnerCannulas | | |____Inner Tracheostomy Cannula | |____Speaking Valves | |____Tracheostomy Care Kits | | |____Tracheostomy Care Kit | |____Tracheostomy HME | |____Tracheostomy Tube Holders | |____Tracheostomy Tubes | | |____Laryngectomy Tube | | |____Tracheostomy Tube | | |____Tracheostomy Tube with O2 Port |____Ventilator Care Supplies | |____Breathing Circuits | |____Ventilator HME | |____Ventilator Supplies |____AeroChamber |____Aerosol Uniflex Corrugated Tubing |____Airways | |____Endotracheal Tubes | | |____Endotracheal Tube | | |____Feeding Tube | |____Esophageal Tubes | | |____Supralaryngeal Airway | |____Laryngeal Mask Airways | | |____Laryngeal Mask | |____Nasopharyngeal Airways | | |____Nasopharyngeal Airway | | |____Nasopharyngeal Aspiration Catheter | |____Oropharyngeal Airways | | |____Oral Airway | | |____Oropharyngeal Airway | | |____Oropharyngeal Airway Set |____Anesthesia Breathing Accessories & Components |____Anesthesia Breathing Circuits |____Apnea Monitors |____Apnea Supplies |____Aspira Drainage System |____Bronchial Hygiene |____Capnographs |____Circuits | |____Circuit and Hyperinflation Bags | | |____Breathing Bag | |____Circuits | | |____Anesthesia Breathing Circuit | | |____Anesthesia Circuit | | |____Breathing Circuit | | |____Breathing Circuit Kit | | |____Dual Heated Circuit | | |____Heated Circuit | | |____Humidifier Circuit | | |____Patient Circuit | | |____Respirator Circuit | | |____Single Heated Circuit | | |____Ventilation Circuit | | |____Ventilator Circuit |____Compressors | |____Velocity Pneumatic Oxygen Conserver |____CPAP | |____BiPAP | | |____CPAP | | | |____BiPAP Masks and Interfaces | | | | |____CPAP Mask | | | | |____CPAP Mask Headgear | | | | |____CPAP Mask Kit | | | | |____CPAP Mask System | | | | |____Headgear | | | | |____Sleep Apnea Nasal Canula | | | | |____Sleep Diagnostic Cannula | | | |____BiPAP Units | | | | |____CPAP System | | |____CPAP Generators | | | |____CPAP with Heated Humidification System |____CPR Face Shields | |____CPR Face Shield | |____CPR Mask Kit | |____CPR Shield | |____Key Chain Barrier |____Cylinders and Cylinder Carts | |____Dual Oxygen Cylinder Cart | |____Oxygen Cylinder |____Endotracheal Tubes |____Exercisers |____Flowmeters | |____Chrome Flowmeter | |____Flowmeter | |____Select Flowmeter |____HME | |____Filtered Heat and Moisture Exchanger | |____Heat and Moisture Exchanger | |____Tracheostoma Vent |____Humidifiers and Nebulizers | |____Humidifiers | | |____Bubble Humidifier | | |____Humidifier Bottle with Adapter | | |____Steam Inhaler | | |____Ultrasonic Cool Mist Humidifier | |____Nebulizers | | |____Compressor Nebulizer System | | |____Nebulizer | | |____Nebulizer Kit | | |____Portable Aerosol System |____Intubation Accessories |____Mechanical Ventilation |____Mouth Protection | |____Bite Blocks and Spreaders | | |____Jaw Spreader |____Mouthpieces | |____Flow Transducer | |____Mouthpiece |____Nasal Cannulas | |____Demand Nasal Cannula | |____ETCO2 Nasal Sampling Cannula | |____ETCO2 Nasal Sampling Cannula with O2 | |____Nasal Cannula | |____Nasal Cannula with Ear Cushions |____Nasal CPAP |____Oxygen Equipment |____Pleurx |____Portex Percutaneous Tracheostomy Kits |____Regulators | |____Flow Selector | |____Mini Oxygen Regulator | |____Oxygen Flowmeter | |____Oxygen Pressure Regulator | |____Oxygen Regulator | |____Suction Regulator |____Respiratory Accessories | |____Adhesive Foam Disc | |____Adhesive Housing | |____Adhesive Tape Disc | |____Aerosol Effusion Bag | |____Air Inlet Filter | |____Airway Access Adapter | |____Airway Adapter | |____Bacteria Filter | |____Bacterial | | |____Viral Filter | |____Bacterial Filter | |____Bacterial Suction Filter | |____Biflex System Filter | |____BlomLauder Oral Adapter | |____Breathing Circuit Filter | |____Breathing Heated Wire Circuit | |____Cabinet Air Filter | |____Cabinet Filter | |____CO2 Detector | |____Comfort Chinstrap | |____Compressor Filter | |____Compressor Pressure Regulator | |____Concentrator Bacteria Filter | |____Concentrator Cabinet Filter | |____Concentrator Filter Cabinet | |____Concentrator Inlet Air Filter | |____Concentrator Water Trap | |____Connector Kit | |____Corrugated Tubing | |____CPAP Chin Strap | |____CPAP Circuit Assembly | |____CPAP Machine Filter | |____CPAP Mask Cleaner | |____CPAP Mask Kit | |____CPAP Shell | |____CPAP Swivel Adapter CPAP | |____CPAP Tubing CPAP | |____Cylinder Wrench | |____DyspneaSensation Breather Reducer | |____Ear Cushions | |____Elbow Replacement | |____Endotracheal Tube Stylet | |____EndTidal CO2 Detector | |____ET Adhesive Securement Device | |____Fan Filter | |____Filter | |____Front Cover Assembly | |____Gauge Adapter | |____HandHeld Capnograph | | |____Oximeter | | | |____Carbon Dioxide Detector Sample Line | |____Heat and Moisture Exchanger Filter | |____HEPA Compact Tower Air Purifier | |____HME Filter | |____Humidifier Adapter | |____Humidifier Bottle | |____Humidifier Column | |____Humidifier Connector | |____Humidifier Elbow Adapter | |____Hydrophobic Filter | |____Inhalent Pads | |____Inlet Seal Washer | |____Intake Door for Oxygen Concentrator | |____Intake Filter | |____Laryngectomy Cover | |____LT Compressor Nebulizer System Filter | |____Mask Conversion Kit | |____Mask Harness | |____Multifunction Concentrator Indicator | |____Nasal Airway Assembly | |____Nasal Cannula Water Trap | |____Nebulizer | | |____Humidifier Bacterial Filter | |____Nebulizer Filter | |____Nebulizer Kit | |____Ohio Aerosol Therapy Canopy | |____ORing Seal | |____Oxgen Connector | |____Oxygen Concentrator ExtendedLife Intake Bacteria Filter | |____Oxygen Concentrator Filter Door | |____Oxygen Concentrator HEPA Bacteria Filter | |____Oxygen Cylinder Rack | |____Oxygen Cylinder Stand | |____Oxygen Outlet | |____Oxygen Regulator Connection | |____Pole Release Clamp Kit | |____Pouch Filter | |____Pulmonetics Ventilator Inlet Filter | |____Rear Cover Assembly | |____Replacement Cushion | |____Replacement Neckband Strap | |____Respiratory Adapter | |____Respiratory SetUp Bag | |____Rubber Bumper | |____Securement Device | |____SPU Exhalation Bacteria Filter | |____Stoma Protector | |____Stylet Endotracheal | |____Suction Machine AC Power Cord | |____Suction Unit Carrying Case | |____Suction Unit Power Cord | |____Tee Adapter | |____Trach Tube Holder | |____Trachea Tube Brush | |____Tracheal Shower Cover | |____Tracheal Tube Adapter | |____Tracheal Tube Brush | |____Tracheostomy Collar | |____Tracheostomy Elbow Double Swivel | |____Tracheostomy Tube Holder | |____Tracheostomy Valve | |____Tranquility | | |____Quest CPAP Replacement Filter | |____Transtracheal Catheter Kit | |____Tubing Adapter | |____Tubing Connector | |____Ultrafine Filter | |____Ultrasonic Oxygen Indicator Carrying Case | |____Update Pack | |____Vacuum Trap | |____Valved Holding Chamber | |____Water Concentrator Trap |____Respiratory Masks | |____Aerosol Face Mask | |____Aerosol Trach Mask | |____Anesthesia Face Mask | |____NonRebreather Oxygen Mask | |____Oxygen Entrainment Mask | |____Oxygen Mask |____Resuscitation & Miscellaneous |____Resuscitators | |____CPR Resuscitation Mask | |____CPR Resuscitation Mask with Bag | |____CPR Resuscitation Mask with Case | |____CPR Resusitation Mask Kit | |____Resuscitator | |____Resuscitator Case | |____Resuscitator with Bag |____Sleep |____Syringe Pump Systems |____Tubing | |____Concentrator Humidifier Adapter Tubing | |____Connecting Tube | |____CPAP Tubing | |____Elbow Adapter Set | |____ETCO2 Sample Line | |____Flex Tubing | |____Humidifier Tubing | |____Oxygen Tubing | |____Suction Tubing Kit | |____Tubing |____Valves | |____Peep Valve | |____Tracheostomy Valve |____Ventilator Catheters | |____Closed System Catheter |____Voice Prostheses | |____Duckbill Voice Prostheses | |____Low Pressure Voice Prostheses | |____Voice Prosthesis Self Care |____Braces | |____Shoulder & Elbow Supports | |____Wrist & Hand Supports |____Garments | |____Anti-Embolism Stockings | |____Hand Sleeves | |____Arm Sleeves | |____Compression Stockings | | |____Chap Style | | |____Knee Length | | |____Thigh Length | | |____Waist Length | |____Support Wear |____Microgyn |____Skin Care | |____Creams & Ointments | |____Self Care Products | | |____Sanitizers | | |____Shampoo & Body Wash | | |____Thermometers | | |____Arch Supports | | |____Cushions & Pillows | | |____Heating Pads | | |____Paraffin | | |____Reaching Aids | | |____Self Care Items | |____Skin Cleansers | |____Dispensers | | |____Next Generation | | | |____Manual | | | |____Touchfree | | | | |____Purell | |____Hand Hygiene | | |____Antimicrobial Soap | | | |____Bacti-Foam | | | |____Bacti-Foam Plus | | | |____Bacti-Stat | | | |____Bacti-Stat AE | | | |____Endure 100 | | | |____Endure 200 | | | |____Endure 400 | | | |____Endure 420 | | | |____Medi-Scrub | | | |____Scrub-Stat 2 Percent | | | |____Scrub-Stat 4 Percent | | |____General Soap | | | |____Endure | | | |____EpiSoft | | | |____Wash | | |____Lotions | | | |____Ecolab | | |____Surgical Scrubs | | | |____Endure 400 | | | |____Endure 420 | | | |____Scrub-Stat 2% | | | |____Scrub-Stat 4% | | | |____Avagard | | |____Waterless Hand Sanitizer | | | |____Quik-Care | | |____Wipes | | |____Aloe Vesta | |____Remedy | |____Shampoo/Body Wash | | |____Shampoo/Conditioning Cap | | |____Total Body Shampoo | | | |____Ecolab | | |____Wipes |____Blood Pressure | |____Blood Pressure Cuffs | |____Blood Pressure Monitors | |____Blood Pressure Supplies | |____Mini-Torr Plus Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Monitor | |____Multi-Parameter Monitors | |____Sphygmomanometers |____Breast Prosthesis |____Breast Pumps | |____Breast Pump Supplies | | |____Bottles & Caps | | |____Breast Pump Accessories | | |____Breast Shields | | |____Carrying Bags | |____Breast Pump Tubing | |____Breast Pump Unit | | |____Electric Breast Pump | | |____Manual Breast Pump |____Cholesterol Testing | |____Cholesterol Meters | |____Cholesterol Test Strips |____Weight Scales Soaps Splints and Supports |____Lower Body | |____Ankle |____Upper Body | |____Elbow | | |____Elbow Support | |____Wrist Sponges and Task Wipes |____Cleaning Cloth |____Task Wipe Sterile Water & Saline |____Saline |____Sterile Water Sterilization |____Indicators | |____Sterilization Biological Indicator Strip | |____Sterilization Biological Indicator Vial | |____Sterilization Biological Test Pack | |____Sterilization BowieDick Test Pack | |____Sterilization Chemical Indicator Strip | |____Sterilization Chemical Integrator Strip | |____Sterilization Flash Indicator Strip |____Records | |____Sterilization Record Card |____Sterilization Accessories | |____Autoclave Cleaner | |____Chlorine Sanitizer | |____Test Indicator Holder |____Sterilization Packaging | |____Sterilization Pouch |____Sterilization Trays and Containers | |____Sterilization Tray Sterilization Products |____Attest Products | |____Attest Biological indicators | |____Attest biological monitoring Incubator SteriStrips Stockings & Garments Suction Machines & Percussors Syringes & Needles Tape |____Non-Waterproof Tape |____Waterproof Tape Tape Products |____Micropore |____Transpore |____Medipore | |____Medipore Tape |____Durapore |____Blenderm |____Mefix |____Scotchcast |____Coban |____Hypafix |____Kinesio Tape | |____SpiderTech Tape Kit | |____SpiderTech | |____Kinesio Gold FP Tape |____Tenderskin Tens Units & Electrodes Textiles |____Bath Mats | |____AntiSlip Bathtub Mat | |____Bath Mat |____Blankets | |____Blanket Support | |____Forced Air Warming Blanket | |____Warming Blanket | |____Warming Unit |____Equipment Drapes and Covers | |____Cover | |____Equipment Cover |____Facial Tissues | |____Facial Tissue | |____Lotion Facial Tissue |____Napkins | |____Beverage Napkin | |____Dinner Napkin | |____Napkin | |____Napkins |____Paper Towels | |____Kitchen Paper Towel | |____Paper Towel |____Pillowcases | |____Allergy Free Pillow Protector | |____Pillowcase |____Post Mortem Bags and Shroud Kits | |____Post Mortem Bag Kit | |____Shroud Kit |____Procedure Drapes and Sheets | |____Drape Packs | | |____Urology Drape Pack | |____Drape Sheets | | |____Abdominal Drape | | |____General Purpose Drape | | |____Obstetrics | | | |____Gynecology Drape | | |____Surgical Leggings |____Procedure Towels | |____Patient Towel | |____Procedure Towel | |____Surgical Drape |____Sheets | |____Bed Sheet | |____Stretcher Sheet |____Table Paper | |____Table Paper |____Towels | |____Bath Towel | |____Hand Towel | |____Towel | |____Wiping Rag |____Washcloths | |____Washcloth Training and Education |____Education and Reference Materials | |____Economy Divider Set | |____Treatment Record Divider Set |____Educational and Anatomical Charts | |____Anatomical Chart | |____Growth Chart |____Mannequins and Models | |____Advanced IV Hand | |____Advanced IV Hand Model | |____Advanced Venipuncture and Injection Arm | |____Breathing Bags | | |____Test Lung | |____BTLS Victim Injury Set | |____Classic Skeleton Model | |____Functional Knee Joint Model | |____Injection Pad Replacement | |____Manikin Face Shields | |____TB Testing Arm | |____Training and Practice Mannequin | |____Vein Venipuncture Training Aid | |____Venipuncture Training Aid | |____XRay Dental Mannequin Urological |____Catheters | |____Intermittent Catheters | | |____Closed System | | |____Coude | |____Straight Tip | | |____Straight Tip: No Supplies | | |____Straight Tip: With Supplies |____Drainage Bags | |____Leg Bags | |____Tubing | |____Bedside Drainage |____Urological Accessories | |____Cleansers | |____Insertion Trays: No Catheters | | |____With Drainage Bag | | |____Without Drainage Bag | |____Irrigation Supplies | | |____Syringe Only | | |____Syringe with Irrigation Tray | |____Leg Straps | |____Lubricant Packets | |____Lubricants | | |____Lubricant Tubes | |____C Clamp Screw Compressor | |____Catheter Clamp | |____Catheter Stabilization Device | |____Catheter Strap | |____Catheter Tube Holders | |____Leg Strap | |____Long DrainTube | |____Pessaries | |____Post Insertion Foley Wipe | |____Replacement Leg Bag | |____Standard Connecting Tube | |____Tube | | |____Catheter Clamp | |____Urethral Clamps | | |____Male | | | |____Without Pouch | |____Urinary Drainage Bag Holder | |____Urine Bottle Holder | |____Urological Care Supplies |____Bags and Meter Bags | |____Pediatric Urine Collection Bag | |____Syphon Drain Bag | |____Urinary Drain Bag | |____Urinary Leg Bag | |____Urinary Meter Bag |____Bedpans | |____Conventional Bedpan | |____Fracture Bedpan | |____Pontoon Bedpan | |____Stackable Bedpan |____Catheter and Bag Kits and Trays | |____Catheter Insertion Tray | |____Indwelling Catheter Kit | |____Indwelling Catheter Tray | |____Indwelling Tray | |____Intermittent Catheter Kit | |____Intermittent Catheter Tray | |____Intermitttent Catheter Kit |____Catheters and Sheaths | |____External | | |____Male External Catheter | |____Indwelling | | |____Foley Catheter | | |____TURP Balloon Catheter | |____Intermittent | | |____Ileostomy Catheter | | |____Urethral Catheter | | |____Veterinary Urethral Catheter and Feeding Tube |____Irrigation Set | |____CystoBladder Irrigation Set | |____Urology Irrigation Set |____Irrigation Trays | |____Irrigation Tray |____Urinals | |____Female Urinal | |____Male Urinal Urology |____Urine Collectors | |____Pediatric Urine Collectors |____External Catheters | |____Without Collection Bag | |____With Collection Bag |____Foley Catheters | |____Specialty | |____Three-Way | | |____Three-Way: No Insertion Tray | | |____Three-Way: With Insertion Tray | |____Two-Way | | |____Two-Way: No Insertion Tray | | |____Two-Way: With Insertion Tray Utensils |____Basins | |____Emesis Basins | | |____Emesis Basin |____Carafes and Pitchers | |____Carafe | |____Drinking Mug | |____Graduated Cylinder |____Dishware | |____Bake Cup | |____Bowl | |____Bucket | |____Carryout Container | |____Foil Container | |____Food Container | |____Partitioned Foil Container | |____Partitioned Plate | |____Partitioned Scoop Dish | |____Partitioned Scoop Plate | |____Plate | |____Scoop Bowl with Suction Cup Base | |____Scoop Dish | |____Scoop Plate | |____Scoop Plate with Suction Cup Base |____Drinking Utensils | |____ADL Dysphagia Cup | |____ADL Feeding Cup | |____Barium Cup | |____Drinking Cup | |____Drinking Mug | |____Graduated Medicine Cup | |____Sippy Cup | |____Souffle Cup | |____Spillproof Drinking Cup | |____Tumbler |____Eating Utensils | |____Fork | |____Knife | | |____Fork | |____Medicine Spoon | |____Offset Spoon | |____Pediatric Spoon | | |____Fork | |____Rocker Knife | |____Soup Spoon | |____Spoon | |____Tablespoon | |____Taster Spoon | |____Teaspoon |____Food and Service Trays | |____Medicine Dispenser Tray | |____Service Tray | |____Tray |____Kitchen Utensils | |____Holder for Ice Scoop | |____Jar Opener |____Straws | |____Drinking Straw |____Utensil Sets | |____Curved Utensil Set | |____Utensil Set |____Utensils Accessories | |____ADL Feeding Cup | |____Cover | |____Dome Lid | |____Food Guard | | |____Food Bumper | |____Lid | |____Liner | |____Medicine Card | |____Plate Guard | |____Spout Lid | |____Utensil Cuff Vacuum Therapy |____Impotence Pumps | |____Impotence Rings | |____Vacuum Therapy System Women |____Pre-natal/Post-natal |____Breast Prosthesis & Bras Wound Care |____Absorptive Dressings |____Bandages | |____Conforming Bandages | |____Island/Bordered Gauze | |____Multi-Layer Bandages | |____Adhesive Bandages | |____Compression Bandages | |____Padding Bandages | |____Tubular Bandages | |____Unna Boot |____Endoform |____Gauze | |____Impregnated | | |____Impregnated Gauze | | |____Impregnated Packing Strips | |____Non-Impregnated | | |____Non-Impregnated Gauze | | |____Non-Impregnated Packing Strips |____Prep Solutions | |____Povidone-Iodine | |____Benzalkonium Chloride | |____Betadine | |____Chlorhexidine Gluconate |____Wound Care Accessories | |____Suture Supplies | | |____Suture Removal Supplies | | |____Suture Closure Strips | |____Wound Pouches | |____Wound Therapy | |____Canister | |____Carry Case | |____Charger | |____Cotton Tipped Applicators | |____Irrigation Splash Guard | |____Metal Case Applicator | |____Padding Bandage | |____Power Adapter | |____Power Cord | |____Pump Canister | |____Pump SCanister | |____Sealing Ring | |____Wound Cleansers | |____Y Connector |____Wound Care Supplies | |____Pressure Reducing Supplies |____Wound Fillers | |____Alginate Fillers | |____Collagen Fillers | |____Hydrogel Fillers | |____Liquid Fillers | |____Foam Fillers | |____Hydrocolloid Fillers | |____Powder Fillers |____Healqu Dressings | |____Calcium Alginate | |____Foam Dressings | |____Silver Alginate |____Accessories |____Acticoat | |____Acticoat 3 | |____Acticoat 7 | |____Acticoat Antimicrobial | |____Acticoat Moisture Control | |____Acticoat Site | |____Acticoat Wound Dressings | |____Acticoat Post-Op |____Actisorb Silver |____Adaptic Dressings |____Advanced Wound Care | |____Alginates | | |____Alginate Dressing | | |____Calcium Alginate Dressing | |____Antimicrobials | | |____Antimicrobial Barrier Dressing | | |____Antimicrobial Dressing | | |____Antimicrobial Surgical Site Dressing | | |____Antimicrobial Wound Dressing | | |____Hydroactive Wound Dressing | | |____Wound Dressing | |____Cleansers | | |____Antimicrobial Wound Cleanser | | |____Dermal Wound Cleanser | | |____Wound & Skin Cleanser | | |____Wound Antimicrobial Cleanser | | |____Wound Cleanser | | |____Wound Irrigation Solution | | |____Wound Wash | |____Collagen | | |____Collagen Dressing | |____Composites | | |____Absorbent Wound Dressing | | |____Composite Dressing | |____Debridement | | |____Debridement Kits | | | |____Debridement Kit | | | |____Sharp Debridement Procedure Tray | |____Fillers and Packing | | |____Nasal Packing with Applicator | | |____Wound Packing Strip | |____Foams | | |____Foam Dressing | | |____Silicone Foam Dressing | | |____Thin Foam Dressing | | |____Thin Silicone Foam Dressing | |____Haemostatic Agents | | |____Blood Clotting Spray | | |____Haemostatic Dressing | | |____Haemostatic Gauze Dressing | | |____Haemostatic Powder | | |____Haemostatic Sponge | | |____Hemostatic Agent | | |____Nasal Packing | |____Hydrocolloids | | |____BeneHold Bordered Hydrocolloid Dressing | | |____Hydrocolloid Dressing | |____Hydrogels | | |____Gel Dressing | | |____Hydrogel | | |____Hydrogel Dressing | | |____Hydrogel Sheet | | |____Silver Dressing | |____Impregnated Dressings | | |____Hemostatic IV Dressing | | |____Impregnated Dressing | | |____Oil Emulsion Impregnated Dressing | | |____Petrolatum Impregnated Dressing | |____Negative Pressure Wound Therapy | | |____Dressings | | | |____Antimicrobial Gauze Dressing | | | |____Dressing | | | |____Foam Dressing | | | |____Foam Dressing Kit | | | |____Gauze Wound Dressing Set | | | |____Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Dressing | | | |____NPWT Gel Strip | | | |____NPWT YConnector | | | |____Sacral Dressing | |____Silicone | | |____Silicone Ag Foam Dressing | | |____Silicone Dressing | |____Silver Dressings | | |____Alginate Dressing with Silver | | |____Calcium Alginate Dressing with Silver | | |____Foam Dressing with Silver | | |____Silver Dressing | | |____Silver Gel Dressing | | |____Silver Liquid Bandage Spray | | |____Transparent Dressing With Silver | |____Transparent Bandages | | |____Liquid Bandages | | | |____Liquid Adhesive | | | |____Liquid Bandage | | | |____Skin Protectant | | |____Transparent Dressings | | | |____Transparent Film Dressing | | | |____Transparent Film Dressing with Border | | | |____Transparent Film Dressing with Pad |____Alldress |____Allevyn Dressings | |____Allevyn Classic | | |____Allevyn Adhesive | | |____Allevyn Ag | | |____Allevyn Gentle | | |____Allevyn Gentle Border | | |____Allevyn Non-Adhesive | |____Allevyn Life |____Biatain | |____Adhesive | |____Non-Adhesive | |____Silicone | |____Silicone Lite | |____With Silver |____Bioclusive |____Biostep Dressings |____Colactive | |____With Silver | |____Without Silver |____Comfeel | |____Clear Dressing | |____Contour Dressing | |____Press Relief Dressing | |____Triangle Dressing | |____Ulcer Dressing |____Convatec Aquacel | |____Ag Burn Hydrofiber Dressing | |____Aquacel Adhesive | |____Aquacel Ag Hydrofiber | |____Aquacel Hydrofiber | |____Aquacel Non-Adhesive | |____Burn Hydrofiber Dressings |____Convatec Duoderm | |____Duoderm CGF Dressing | |____Duoderm Extra Thin Dressing | |____DuoDERM Hydroactive Sterile Gel | |____Duoderm Signal |____Covaderm |____Coverlet |____Dema Grip |____Durafiber |____Exuderm | |____Exuderm RCD | |____Exuderm Satin | |____Exuderm Thin | |____Odorshield |____Fibracol Plus |____General Wound Care | |____Adhesive Bandages | | |____Adhesive Dressing | | |____Adhesive Spot Bandage | | |____Adhesive Strip | |____Adhesive Removers | | |____Adhesive Remover | |____Applicators | | |____Applicators and Swabsticks | | | |____Swabstick | | |____Cotton Balls | | | |____Cotton Ball | |____Compression Bandage | | |____2 Layer Compression Bandage System | | |____4 Layer Compression Bandage System | | |____Cohesive Bandage | | |____Compression Bandage | | |____Elastic Bandage | | |____Trauma Pressure Dressing with Wrap | | |____Tubular Support Bandage | |____General Purpose Dressings | | |____Gauze Dressings | | | |____Abdominal Pad | | | |____Burn Dressing | | | |____Conforming Bandage | | | |____Fluff Bandage Roll | | | |____Gauze Pad | | | |____Gauze Sponge | | | |____NonWoven Sponge | | | |____Trauma Dressing | | | |____USP Type VII Gauze Sponge | | | |____XRay Detectable Gauze Sponge | | |____IV and Tracheostomy Dressings | | | |____Drain Sponge | | | |____IV Dressing | | | |____IV Securement Dressing | | | |____Moisture Responsive Catheter Dressing | | | |____Transparent IV Dressing | | |____NonAdherent Dressings | | | |____Absorbent Dressing | | | |____Burn Dressing | | | |____Nasal Plug | | | |____NonAdherent Dressing | |____Protective Guards | | |____Eye Patch | | |____Shower Shield | | |____Wound Protector | |____Retainer Dressings | | |____Dressing Retainer | | |____Dressing Retention Tape | | |____Elastic Bandage | | |____Elastic Net Dressing | | |____Elastic Net Tubular Dressing | | |____Gauze Bandage | | |____PreCut Elastic Net Bandage | | |____Retainer Dressing | | |____Retention Bandage | | |____Triangular Bandage | | |____Tubular Bandage | | |____Tubular Bandage Retainer | | |____Tubular Gauze | |____Tapes and Fasteners | | |____Athletic Tape | | |____Dressing Retention Tape | | |____Kinesiology Tape | | |____Medical Tape | | |____Medical Tape with Dispenser | | |____Twill Tape | |____Unna Boots | | |____Unna Boot | | |____Unna Boot and Duban Self Adherent Bandage | | |____Unna Boot Bandage | | |____Unna Boot Dressing |____IV Dressings |____Kaltostat |____Kits and Trays | |____Dressing Change Tray | | |____Dressing Change Kit | | |____Dressing Change Tray | | |____Dressing Kit | |____Emergency Kits | |____First Aid Kits | | |____First Aid Kit | | |____First Aid Kit Res Cue Key | | |____Metal Case | | |____Travel First Aid Kit | |____Laceration and Minor Procedure Trays | | |____Laceration Tray |____Lyofoam |____Manuka Honey Dressing |____Maxorb | |____Maxorb Extra | |____Maxorb Extra AG |____Medihoney |____MediPlus | |____Comfort Foam Adhesive Border | |____Comfort Foam Border Ag Island Dressing | |____Super Foam Ag Dressing |____Melgisorb | |____Melgisorb AG | |____Melgisorb Plus |____Mepiform | |____Mepiform Scar Management |____Mepilex | |____Mepilex AG Foam Dressing | |____Mepilex Border | |____Mepilex Border AG | |____Mepilex Border Lite | |____Mepilex Border Sacrum | |____Mepilex Lite | |____Mepilex Self Adherent Foam Dressing |____Mepitel | |____Mepitel One | |____Mepitel Silicone Dressing |____Mepore |____Multidex |____Opsite Dressings |____Opticell |____Optifoam | |____Optifoam Gentle Border Adhesive Dressing | |____Optifoam Non-Adhesive Dressings | |____Optifoam Antimicrobial Adhesive Gentle Border Dressings | |____Optifoam Sacral Adhesive Dressings | |____Optifoam Antimicrobial Non-Adhesive Dressings | |____Optifoam Heel | |____Optifoam Basic Non-Adhesive Dressings | | |____Optifoam Basic Fenestrated Dressings | |____Optifoam Antimicrobial Adhesive Dressings AG | |____Optifoam Site Adhesive Dressings | |____Optifoam Thin Adhesive Dressings | |____Optifoam Gentle Antimicrobial Post-Op Strips AG | |____Optifoam Adhesive Dressings |____Optilock |____Optiva |____Polyderm |____Polymem |____Profore |____Promogran Matrix |____Promogran Prisma Matrix |____Puracol |____Reliamed | |____Alginate | |____Calcium Alginate | |____Foam dressing | |____Hydrocolloid | |____Silver Alginate |____Restore |____SeaSorb | |____Alginate Dressing | |____Alginate Dressing With Silver |____SilvaSorb |____Silver Matrix |____Silvercel |____Silverlon |____Sorbian |____Specialty Dressings | |____Burn Dressings | |____Collagen/Biologic Dressings | |____Composite Dressings | |____Contact Layers | |____Transparent Films | |____Hydrogel Dressings |____Stratasorb |____Tegaderm | |____Silver Dressings | |____Absorbent Acrylic Dressings | |____Alginate Dressings | |____Contact Layer | |____Foam Dressings | |____Hydrocolloid Dressings | |____Hydrogel Wound Filler | |____Transparent Dressing plus Absorbent Pad | |____Transparent Film Dressings |____Telfa Dressings | |____Island Composite Border Dressing | |____Non Adherent Dressing | |____Adhesive Island Dressing | |____Contact Layer Dressing | |____Fabric Adhesive Bandage | |____Plastic Bandage |____TenderWet |____TheraHoney |____Tielle |____Topigel |____Tubigrip |____Versatel |____Versiva |____Wound Measuring Devices | |____Measurers | | |____Wound Measuring Device | | |____Wound Measuring Guide | | |____Wound Measuring Ruler |____Xtrasorb | |____Adhesive | |____Non Adhesive Wound Closure |____Closure Instruments | |____Fixation Device | |____Wound Stapler |____Removers | |____Staple Remover |____Skin Adhesive | |____Topical Skin Adhesive |____Skin Closure Strips | |____Skin Closure Strip |____Staple Loading Unit | |____Staple Loading unit |____Sutures | |____Suture |____Sutures with Needles | |____suture with needle |____Wound Closure Kits and Trays | |____Skin Staple Removal Kit | |____Suture Removal Kit | |____Suture Removal Tray | |____Suture Tray
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Axcan scandipharm Axcan Scandipharm, Inc Axis Dental B & F - Allied Healthcare B braun medical B. braun B4 brands Babo botanicals Babyganics Bagit-away Bailey Ballard Banda-sil Bard Bard medical Basic american medical Basic drug Basics organics Battle creek equipment Battlecreek Bauerfeind usa inc Bausch & lomb Bausch Articulating Baxter healthcare Bayer healthcare Bd Beach products Beaumont Products Beaver-visitec international Beck's classic Beckman Coulter Becton Dickenson Becton dickinson Bed handles inc Bedwetting Store Bel-art products Bemis healthcare Beutlich Bf ascher Bic corporation Biersdorf Big boyz Bio bidet by bbc innovation Bio compression systems, inc Bio k+ international Bio protech usa, inc. Biocodex Biocore Bioderm Biofilm Biolife llc BioMedical Life Systems Bionime usa corporation Bionix development corp Bioseal corp. Biosense medical devices, llc Biotech medical llc Biotrol Birchwood laboratories Bird & Cronin Blairex Blanchard Blistex inc Block drug company Blue chip medical Blue Sky Trading Blue spark technologies Boca Medical Bodycare Boehringer ingelheim Boiron Boston medical products BOSU Bosworth Bound tree medical llc Bowman manufacturing Bracco diagnostics Braintree labs Brandt industries Breckenridge pharmaceutical Brennen Medical Bristol-myers squibb Brownmed Bryan medical inc Bsn jobst Bsn medical Busse Butterbean C & K C&S Ostomy Pouch Covers C-core medical C-P Medical C2r global manufacturing Cadbury adams usa Calmoseptine Cambridge sensors usa Cambrooke foods Camp Can Am Canberra Capsa solutions Cara incorporated Cardiac Science Cardinal Cardinal comb & brush Cardinal Health Care + wear, inc Care line Care Medical/Silverlon Care Tech Carefusion Carex health brands Carex healthcare Carma Laboratories Carolon Company Carpal aid llc Carrington Carson optical Carstens Cas Medical Systems Catalina healthcare Cellucap mfg co Central infusion alliance Central solutions Centrix Centurion medical products Century pharmaceuticals Cetylite Industries Chad Chattanooga Group, Inc. 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Diabeticsupplies.com inc Diadent Diagnostics direct Dial corporation Diasource/Malgam Enterprises Dioptics Discovery trekking outfitters Disetronic DJ Orthopedics Djo Djo llc Dm systems DMG America Dms holdings Doctor easy medical products Donovan industries Dorel juvenile group Dot foods Dow Hickam/Bertek Dr. reddy’s laboratories Draper's fitness& rehab Dravon medical inc Dream Drive Medical DryCast Drylock technologies ltd Dukal Dukal corp Dumotech, llc Durable inc Duracell Duromed Dux Dental Dynamic diagnostics Dynarex E. Fougera & Co. EastShore Medical Supply Ecolab Edan industries, inc. Ehob Elkay plastics co inc Elta Emed technology corp Emerson Ecologics Emerson healthcare Emjay lab Emmett Labs EMPI Encore Medical Energizer personal care Englewood marketing group Entracare Epic4health Ergodyne Escali Essential medical supply Essity Et browne drug company Etch-Rite Ethicon Ethox Evenflo Every day select llc Excelsior medical corp Exeltis usa, inc Exergen Expedite products Express companies inc Ez way inc Fabrication enterprises Facet technologies Fashion seal uniforms Febreze Ferndale laboratories Ferris Fgx international, inc Fiberlinks Textiles Fiberlinks textiles inc. Finally Natural Care First healthcare products First quality First wave products Fisher & paykel h inc Fisher scientific Flanders inc Fleet Fleming industries Flexicare inc FNC Medical Corp For life gmbh Fora care inc. Fortis medical products Fourfoot, llc Freeman manufacturing co. 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Infection prevention products inc InHealth Innovacyn, inc Innovative biodefense Innovative Healthcare Inset Insource inc Insulet corp Integra Neurocare LLC Integrated healing technologies llc Intensive therapeutics Intermetro industries International vitamin corporation Intimate Moments Apparel Invacare corporation Ipu Itw texwipe J&j health care syst inc J.o.m. pharmaceutical Jafari medical supply llc Janibell, inc Jb williams Jobar international, inc Joerns Johnson & Johnson Johnson & johnson consumer Juzo K2 health products, llc Kao brands Kate farms Kate farms, inc Kawasumi laboratories Kawasumi Labs Kaye products inc Kaz usa inc Kci-usa Keen mobility company Kehe solutions Kelo Cote KEM Enterprises Keneric healthcare Kent Elastomer Products Kent precision foods Kent precision foods group inc Kentron health care Kerma medical products Kerr Dental Kimberly Clark Kinesio Tape King Ostomy Healthcare Kinray-cardinal health Kinsa, inc Kleen test products Kli corporation Kobayashi healthcare inc Kodak Koregon Kosma-kare, inc Kt health, llc La pointique international ltd Laborie medical technologies Laclede Lannett company Lansinoh lab Lantiseptic Lauder Enterprises LDB Medical Leckie medical products, inc. 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Noble fiber technologies Nokia technologies Nonin medical, inc Norfolk medical products inc North Coast North star rx Nova ortho-med Nova-Ortho Med Novartis Novo nordisk Nu-Hope Laboratories Numark laboratories Nurse assist Nurse assist inc Nutra balance products Nutramax products inc Nutricia North America Nutritional medicinals, llc Nycomed Nytone Medical O&m halyard inc Ocean global Oculus Innovative Sciences Ocusoft Odell corporation Odorno llc Okamoto usa Olympus america inc Omega Medical Prod. Co. Omnimed Omnis health, llc Omron One click internet ventures llc Op2 labs inc Opac Optimal Options Orange-Sol Medical Orasure technologies Orgain inc Ortho-clinical diagnostics Orthopedic Pharmaceuticals Osnovation systems, inc. Ossur americas Other Owen Mumford Owens illinois inc Pacific shore holdings, inc. 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Peco Medical Pedifix Pedinol pharmaceutical Pekato medical product Pel supply co Pelstar llc Penco medical Pepper medical inc Pepto Bismol Perfect choice medical technologies Performance Health Perma-Type Perrigo Perry Products Person & covey Personal care group Personal medical corp Pfizer Pharbest pharmaceuticals inc PHARMA SUPPLY Pharma tek Pharmaceutical associates Pharmaceutical specialties Pharmavite Philips healthcare Phipps & bird Phoenix Healthcare Physio control Pierre fabre dermo-cosmetique usa inc PillRite Plasti-products Playtex products PMI Pneo llc Poa pharma north america Poiesis medical Polar Electronics Polymer technology systems, inc. 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Sandbox Medical Sandoz Sandstone diagnostics Santus,llc Sanvita Saunders SCA Personal Care Schawbe north america Schena ostomy technologies, inc. Schering Plough Schiller america Science Products Scott Specialties Scrip inc Sdi diagnostics Sealed air *diversey* Seca Secure Health Products Select Medical Sempermed usa Seneca medical inc Shamrock manufacturing Shamrock marketing Sharps Assure Sharps compliance Sheepskin ranch, inc. Shelton Medical Products Shepard medical products inc Shofu Shower shield Siemens Sigma tau pharmaceuticals Sigvaris Silarx pharmaceuticals Silent night, llc Silipos inc Simple diagnostics, inc Simplechoice Simply Thick Simpro Sims B.C.I Sims Deltec Six sigma laboratories Skil-care Skil-care corp Skin sake Skinsafe, llc Sklar Sleepnet corporation Smart Caregiver Smartpractice dermatology Smartypants, inc. Smith & Nephew Smiths medical Smiths-Medical Snugabell mom & baby gear ltd Snuza Sockwise inc. Soclean inc. 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148 Songs, 10 Hours 32 Minutes
The Rolling Thunder Revue: The 1975 Live Recordings Bob Dylan
Rake and Ramblin' Boy (incomplete) [S.I.R. Studio Rehearsals]
Romance in Durango (incomplete) [S.I.R. Studio Rehearsals]
Rita May (S.I.R. Studio Rehearsals)
I Want You (incomplete) [S.I.R. Studio Rehearsals]
Love Minus Zero / No Limit (incomplete) [S.I.R. Studio Rehearsals]
She Belongs to Me (incomplete) [S.I.R. Studio Rehearsals]
Joey (incomplete) [S.I.R. Studio Rehearsals]
Isis (S.I.R. Studio Rehearsals, Oct. 19, 1975)
Hollywood Angel (incomplete) [S.I.R. Studio Rehearsals]
People Get Ready (S.I.R. Studio Rehearsals)
What Will You Do When Jesus Comes? (S.I.R. Studio Rehearsals)
Spanish Is the Loving Tongue (S.I.R. Studio Rehearsals)
The Ballad of Ira Hayes (S.I.R. Studio Rehearsals)
One More Cup of Coffee (Valley Below) [S.I.R. Studio Rehearsals, Oct. 19, 1975]
Tonight I'll be Staying Here with You (S.I.R. Studio Rehearsals)
This Land is Your Land (S.I.R. Studio Rehearsals)
Dark as a Dungeon (S.I.R. Studio Rehearsals)
She Belongs to Me (S.I.R. Studio Rehearsals)
A Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall (S.I.R. Studio Rehearsals)
This Wheel's on Fire / Hurricane / All Along the Watchtower (S.I.R. Studio Rehearsals)
If You See Her, Say Hello (S.I.R. Studio Rehearsals)
One Too Many Mornings (S.I.R. Studio Rehearsals)
Gwenevere (incomplete) [S.I.R. Studio Rehearsals]
Lily, Rosemary and the Jack of Hearts (incomplete) [S.I.R. Studio Rehearsals]
Patty's Gone to Laredo (S.I.R. Studio Rehearsals)
It's Alright Ma (I'm Only Bleeding) [S.I.R. Studio Rehearsals]
Tears of Rage (Seacrest Motel Rehearsals)
I Shall Be Released (Seacrest Motel Rehearsals)
Easy and Slow (Seacrest Motel Rehearsals)
Ballad of a Thin Man (Seacrest Motel Rehearsals)
Hurricane (Seacrest Motel Rehearsals)
One More Cup of Coffee (Valley Below) [Seacrest Motel Rehearsals]
Just Like a Woman (Seacrest Motel Rehearsals)
Knockin' on Heaven's Door (Seacrest Motel Rehearsals)
When I Paint My Masterpiece (Live at Memorial Auditorium, Worcester, MA, November 1975)
It Ain't Me, Babe (Live at Memorial Auditorium, Worcester, MA, November 1975)
The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll (Live at Memorial Auditorium, Worcester, MA, November 1975)
It Takes a Lot to Laugh, It Takes a Train to Cry (Live at Memorial Auditorium, Worcester, MA, November 1975)
Romance in Durango (Live at Memorial Auditorium, Worcester, MA, November 1975)
Isis (Live at Memorial Auditorium, Worcester, MA, November 1975)
Blowin' in the Wind (Live at Memorial Auditorium, Worcester, MA, November 1975)
Wild Mountain Thyme (Live at Memorial Auditorium, Worcester, MA, November 1975)
Mama, You Been on My Mind (Live at Memorial Auditorium, Worcester, MA, November 1975)
Dark as a Dungeon (Live at Memorial Auditorium, Worcester, MA, November 1975)
I Shall Be Released (Live at Memorial Auditorium, Worcester, MA, November 1975)
Tangled up in Blue (Live at Memorial Auditorium, Worcester, MA, November 1975)
Oh, Sister (Live at Memorial Auditorium, Worcester, MA, November 1975)
Hurricane (Live at Memorial Auditorium, Worcester, MA, November 1975)
One More Cup of Coffee (Valley Below) [Live at Memorial Auditorium, Worcester, MA, November 1975]
Sara (Live at Memorial Auditorium, Worcester, MA, November 1975)
Just Like a Woman (Live at Memorial Auditorium, Worcester, MA, November 1975)
Knockin' on Heaven's Door (Live at Memorial Auditorium, Worcester, MA, November 1975)
This Land Is Your Land (Live at Memorial Auditorium, Worcester, MA, November 1975)
When I Paint My Masterpiece (Live at Harvard Square Theatre, Cambridge, MA, November 1975)
It Ain't Me, Babe (Live at Harvard Square Theatre, Cambridge, MA, November 1975)
The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll (Live at Harvard Square Theatre, Cambridge, MA, November 1975)
It Takes a Lot to Laugh, It Takes a Train to Cry (Live at Harvard Square Theatre, Cambridge, MA, November 1975)
Romance in Durango (Live at Harvard Square Theatre, Cambridge, MA, November 1975)
Isis (Live at Harvard Square Theatre, Cambridge, MA, November 1975)
Blowin' in the Wind (Live at Harvard Square Theatre, Cambridge, MA, November 1975)
Wild Mountain Thyme (Live at Harvard Square Theatre, Cambridge, MA, November 1975)
Mama, You Been on My Mind (Live at Harvard Square Theatre, Cambridge, MA, November 1975)
Dark as a Dungeon (Live at Harvard Square Theatre, Cambridge, MA, November 1975)
I Shall Be Released (Live at Harvard Square Theatre, Cambridge, MA, November 1975)
Simple Twist of Fate (Live at Harvard Square Theatre, Cambridge, MA, November 1975)
Oh, Sister (Live at Harvard Square Theatre, Cambridge, MA, November 1975)
Hurricane (Live at Harvard Square Theatre, Cambridge, MA, November 1975)
One More Cup of Coffee (Valley Below) [Live at Harvard Square Theatre, Cambridge, MA, November 1975]
Sara (Live at Harvard Square Theatre, Cambridge, MA, November 1975)
Just Like a Woman (Live at Harvard Square Theatre, Cambridge, MA, November 1975)
Knockin' on Heaven's Door (Live at Harvard Square Theatre, Cambridge, MA, November 1975)
This Land is Your Land (Live at Harvard Square Theatre, Cambridge, MA, November 1975)
When I Paint My Masterpiece (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Afternoon)
It Ain't Me, Babe (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Afternoon)
The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Afternoon)
A Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Afternoon)
Romance in Durango (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Afternoon)
Isis (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Afternoon)
The Times They Are a-Changin' (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Afternoon)
I Dreamed I Saw St. Augustine (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Afternoon)
Mama, You Been on My Mind (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Afternoon)
Never Let Me Go (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Afternoon)
I Shall Be Released (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Afternoon)
Mr. Tambourine Man (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Afternoon)
Oh, Sister (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Afternoon)
Hurricane (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Afternoon)
One More Cup of Coffee (Valley Below) [Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Afternoon]
Sara (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Afternoon)
Just Like a Woman (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Afternoon)
Knockin' on Heaven's Door (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Afternoon)
This Land is Your Land (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Afternoon)
When I Paint My Masterpiece (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Evening)
It Ain't Me, Babe (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Evening)
The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Evening)
It Takes a Lot to Laugh, It Takes a Train to Cry (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Evening)
Romance in Durango (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Evening)
Isis (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Evening)
Blowin' in the Wind (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Evening)
The Water Is Wide (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Evening)
Mama, You Been on My Mind (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Evening)
Dark as a Dungeon (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Evening)
I Shall Be Released (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Evening)
I Don't Believe You (She Acts Like We Never Have Met) [Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Evening]
Tangled Up In Blue (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Evening)
Oh, Sister (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Evening)
Hurricane (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Evening)
One More Cup of Coffee (Valley Below) [Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Evening]
Sara (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Evening)
Just Like a Woman (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Evening)
Knockin' on Heaven's Door (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Evening)
This Land is Your Land (Live at Boston Music Hall, Boston, MA, November 21, 1975, Evening)
When I Paint My Masterpiece (Live at Montreal Forum, Montreal, Quebec, December 1975)
It Ain't Me, Babe (Live at Montreal Forum, Montreal, Quebec, December 1975)
The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll (Live at Montreal Forum, Montreal, Quebec, December 1975)
Tonight I'll Be Staying Here with You (Live at Montreal Forum, Montreal, Quebec, December 1975)
A Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall (Live at Montreal Forum, Montreal, Quebec, December 1975)
Romance in Durango (Live at Montreal Forum, Montreal, Quebec, December 1975)
Isis (Live at Montreal Forum, Montreal, Quebec, December 1975)
Blowin' in the Wind (Live at Montreal Forum, Montreal, Quebec, December 1975)
Dark as a Dungeon (Live at Montreal Forum, Montreal, Quebec, December 1975)
Mama, You Been on My Mind (Live at Montreal Forum, Montreal, Quebec, December 1975)
Never Let Me Go (Live at Montreal Forum, Montreal, Quebec, December 1975)
I Dreamed I Saw St. Augustine (Live at Montreal Forum, Montreal, Quebec, December 1975)
I Shall Be Released (Live at Montreal Forum, Montreal, Quebec, December 1975)
It's All over Now, Baby Blue (Live at Montreal Forum, Montreal, Quebec, December 1975)
Love Minus Zero / No Limit (Live at Montreal Forum, Montreal, Quebec, December 1975)
Tangled Up In Blue (Live at Montreal Forum, Montreal, Quebec, December 1975)
Oh, Sister (Live at Montreal Forum, Montreal, Quebec, December 1975)
Hurricane (Live at Montreal Forum, Montreal, Quebec, December 1975)
One More Cup of Coffee (Valley Below) [Live at Montreal Forum, Montreal, Quebec, December 1975]
Sara (Live at Montreal Forum, Montreal, Quebec, December 1975)
Just Like a Woman (Live at Montreal Forum, Montreal, Quebec, December 1975)
Knockin' on Heaven's Door (Live at Montreal Forum, Montreal, Quebec, December 1975)
This Land is Your Land (Live at Montreal Forum, Montreal, Quebec, December 1975)
One Too Many Mornings (Live at Gerdes Folk City, New York City, NY, October 1975)
Simple Twist of Fate (Live at Mahjong Parlor, Falmouth, MA, October 1975)
Isis (Live at Technical University, Lowell, MA, November 1975)
With God on Our Side (Live at Civic Center, Providence, RI, November 1975)
It's Alright Ma (I'm Only Bleeding) [Live at Civic Center, Providence, RI, November 1975]
Radio Advertisement for Niagara Falls shows
The Ballad of Ira Hayes (Live at Tuscarora Reservation, NY, November 1975)
Your Cheatin' Heart (Live)
Fourth Time Around (Live at Civic Center, Augusta, ME, November 1975)
The Tracks of My Tears (Live at Chateau Champlain, Montreal, Quebec, December 1975)
Jesse James (Live at Montreal Stables, Montreal, Quebec, December 1975)
It Takes a Lot to Laugh, It Takes a Train to Cry (Live at The Night of the Hurricane, Madison Square Garden, New York, NY, December 1975)
℗ 2019 Columbia Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment
Healnghanz , 07/05/2019
Homage to scarlet Rivera
Time to get some of her new age and Celtic magic. Don’t know if I want to spend 79 bucks when you can get the bootleg. I’ll do some pickin n choosin
Das Boone , 06/16/2019
What a gift
What a gift to the world Hibbing MN. gave us in Bob Dylan. As he grows old it's important his poetry, message, legacy and brillance is shared and never lost. Not an exaggeration to say he may be the greatest and most important singer/songwriter of all time.
Not that BB , 06/23/2019
Been waiting a long time for this. Bob was never better... Not pleased they decided to link 3 songs totaling over 13 minutes -- maybe so if you wanted that you'd have to pay $80? Hey, Bob has earned the right to do whatever he wants, and although I refuse to buy the whole thing, I've had no difficulty finding 20 (or more) songs I simply cannot do without. Tangled, Isis, Never Let Me Go and some other versions represent whole new songs, classics in their original form and classics re-imagined here. ... By the way, the film on NetFlix is worth 5 stars, as well.
More By Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits
Blonde On Blonde
The Essential Bob Dylan (Revised Edition)
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Levon Chilingirian
Levon Chilingirian was born in Cyprus to Armenian parents and was introduced to music from a very early age through his pianist mother and violinist great uncle. When the Chilingirian family emigrated to London in 1960, Levon concentrated on the violin, studying at the Royal College of Music where he is now a professor. His early influences in music were his uncle, the violinist Manoug Parikian, his teacher Hugh Bean, musicologist Hans Keller, and the Amadeus Quartet.
Chilingirian’s long-standing partnership with the late Clifford Benson was launched by winning the first prizes in both the 1969 BBC Beethoven Competition and the 1971 Munich Duo International Competition. Recital appearances took the duo to most European countries and their recordings include works by Schubert and Frank Bridge.
In 1971, along with cellist Philip De Groote, Mr. Chilingirian founded the Chilingirian Quartet. Today, the Quartet is one of the most active and celebrated string quartets on the international scene with tours to over fifty countries on six continents. Its highly regarded and wide-ranging recorded repertoire spans classical to contemporary works.
Chilingirian also performs as a soloist, in recitals and concerto appearances with numerous orchestras, and with other chamber music partners. He performed the Sinfonia Concertante on the Amadeus soundtrack with Sir Neville Marriner and was invited by Steven Isserlis to lead a performance of the Schubert Quintet to end the millennium’s music at Wigmore Hall. He has been the artistic director and first violin of the Camerata Nordica in Sweden and is also the artistic director of the Mendelssohn on Mull Festival and of the Pharos Festival in Cyprus.
Chilingirian received the Cobbett Medal and, in January 2000, an OBE in the Queen’s Honours List. In Armenia, he has organised two competitions for young string players and numerous chamber music festivals.
Martin Nersisyan
Armenak Shahmuradyan
Anahit Tsitsikian
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Life and contributions of Annie Easley
Introduction Annie J. Easley was born in April 1933 in Birmingham, Alabama and died in June 2011 in Cleveland, Ohio at the age of 78. She was an African – American mathematician, rocket scientist, and computer scientist. Easley worked for NASA’...Read More
Introduction Annie J. Easley was born in April...
Annie J. Easley was born in April 1933 in Birmingham, Alabama and died in June 2011 in Cleveland, Ohio at the age of 78. She was an African – American mathematician, rocket scientist, and computer scientist. Easley worked for NASA’s (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Lewis Research Center (currently known as Glenn Research Center). She also served under NASA’s predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). Easley is accredited for being one of the first African-Americans to work for NASA as a computer scientist and being a leading member of the team responsible for developing software for the Centaur rocket stage (Warren, 1999).
Easley’s 34-year career involved developing as well as implementing crucial computer codes that would support centaur, analyze alternative power technologies, identify alternative systems that would provide solutions to energy problems, develop energy conversion systems, and determine viable wind, solar and energy projects. Her energy assignments encompassed studies that would determine the life use of storage batteries like those used in electric utility motor vehicles. Easley’s computer applications have been utilized in determining energy conversion systems that intensify and offer an improvement over commercially available technologies. Her work with the Centaur project was very useful in technological foundations for launches of military, weather, and communication satellites as well as space shuttle launches. Most importantly, her work significantly contributed to the 1997 flight to Saturn of the Cassini probe, launched by Centaur (Shaw, 2011, p.81).
Annie Easley was born on 23rd April 1933 in Birmingham, Alabama to Samuel Bird Easley(father) and Mary Melvina Hoover (mother). Together with her six-year older brother, Easley was raised up by a single mother. She attended parochial schools in Birmingham and became valedictorian of her graduating class from Holy Family High School. Her mother always motivated her that she could become anything she wanted if she worked hard. However, before the Civil Rights Movement, career and educational opportunities for Black-American children were very scarce. Moreover, white children and African Americans were educated separately, and the latter had relatively inferior schools. As a child, Annie believed that teaching and nursing were the only careers open to African-American women. She did not want to teach, and therefore she settled for pursuing nursing. However, while in high school, she changed her mind and wanted and thought of becoming a pharmacist. In a 2001 interview done as part of the History office of NASA (Herstory project), Easley told Sandra Johnson that "it may have something to do with going to the corner drugstore, where they had all of the candy and the ice cream."
Easley later attended Xavier University, then a black Roman Catholic school in New Orleans, Louisiana where she studied pharmacy for two years. She was married in 1954 and briefly returned to Birmingham. She then worked in Jefferson County in Alabama as a substitute teacher and helped Africans Americans prepare for the literacy tests they were required to pass so as they can register to vote. Easley moved to Cleveland, Ohio after her husband was discharged from the military. Although she intended to continue her education, the only pharmacy program in this region had closed recently. Unfortunately, no nearby alternative existed. In 1977, Easley would obtain a Bachelor of Science in Mathematics from the Cleveland State University (Gale, 2005).
Career at NACA/NASA
In 1955, Annie read a story in the newspaper about twin sisters working as human computers at the nearby NACA. The role of human computers was to perform computations and calculations for engineers. The job was very intriguing to her because she always found math to be an easy and enjoyable subject. Annie applied for a position at NACA and got the job two weeks later. She was lucky to be one of the only four African-Americans on staff out of the around 2,500 workers. NACA would later become NASA's Lewis Research Center, which later became the John H. Glenn Research Center.
As NACA transitioned to NASA, Easley would experience a turning point in her career. She changed roles from being a human computer to being a math technician as her department received actual computers to work out the calculations. It’s around this time that Easley would pursue a degree in mathematics from the Cleveland State University while she worked full-time. She also attended classes full-time. Although the organization paid tuition fees for her male colleagues, Easley had to pay for her courses using her own money. Nevertheless, NASA would sponsor additional courses she enrolled for after earning her degree. Easley would also encounter other forms of discrimination. At one time during a laboratory open house, a photo of her and her co-workers was taken and put on display, but her face was cut out of the picture deliberately. However, she would not let this get to her, and she never quit working. Easley’s education would also transform as technology evolved. She would learn computer programming and how to write codes using languages such as FORTRAN and SOAP (Lee, 2015).
Contribution on Equal Rights
Annie served as Lewis’s Equal Employment Opportunity officer and looked into discrimination complaints. She was part of the Speakers Bureau and gave talks on the technological spin-offs of research conducted by NASA. She often traveled to universities and colleges and recruited more engineers for the lab. She often represented NASA at college and school career days.
Contribution to solving energy problems
Easley was part and parcel of the project that examined damage to the ozone layer in the 1970s.She started working on energy problems since there were enormous cuts in the NASA space program. She developed and used computer programs to determine solar wind and solve problems of energy monitoring and conversion, including technologies for solar energy and wind power. One of her studies involved the lifespan and impact of storage batteries in electric vehicles.
Easley developed nuclear-powered rocket systems in the late 1960s and “70s. She’s also accredited for working on the Centaur project, a high energy booster rocket with a propulsion system made of mixed liquid oxygen/liquid hydrogen. Its first launch in 1963 was successful, and over the next 30 years, it underwent further developments and was considered one of the greatest achievements of the Lewis Research Center. It was referred to as NASA’s workhorse in space, and its functions were to launch military, weather, and communications satellites and space vehicles including the Cassini spacecraft to Saturn in 1997. Annie would occasionally travel to Cape Canaveral, Florida, to observe the launches (Couch, 2015).
Most of Easley’s coworkers easily described her as a person who loved life and always encouraged others to do the same. She was a champion of employee morale apart from her technical and outreach activities. She also founded the Ski Club and was very active in the annual Center athletics, Christmas plays, and the Business & Professional Women’s Association. However, she would humbly declare that she never set out to be a trailblazer or a role model. Many who knew Annie Easley would state that it wasn’t only the work she did that created a difference; it was her positive attitude and energy that resulted in a tremendous impact on the Center. In her 2001 NASA oral history interview, a 35-page transcript, Annie expresses admiration and appreciation for those she worked with and consistently emphasizes on the significance of teamwork. Throughout her career, there are many illustrations of kindness, generosity, determination and discipline. Although she retired in 1989, she remained an active member of the Business & Professional Women’s Association and still participated in the Speaker’s Bureau. Annie J. Easley passed away on 25th June 2011 due to natural causes (Mills, 2015).
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Anti-evolution, Attack on science education, Climate change denial, Creationism, Evolution denial, Evolution education, History, NCSE, Science, State science standards, Textbooks
On Wednesday afternoon, I’ll be back in Austin, Texas, attending the state board of education hearings on textbook adoptions. I reported on the September hearings, which set the stage, but this week will bring Acts II and III, after which it may be curtains for Texas science textbook battles at the state level.
Brantley Hargrove has a great piece in the Dallas Observer, surveying the long history of battles over Texas textbooks, and you can find another such history in Trey Kay’s radio documentary “The Long Game” or in the documentary The Revisionaries, which chronicled the 2009 and 2010 battles over science and social studies standards. To summarize a lot of history, though, Texas law gave the state board of education tremendous power over textbooks (and therefore over public education), and there were provisions opening the door for activists to interfere in the process. As Texas politics became more conservative, the textbook adoption process became a focal point for the culture wars. Every now and then, the political abuse of the process becomes too egregious, and lawmakers step in to try to weaken the board, but activists and board members find new ways to abuse the process for ideological ends.
The adoption process ending this week will be the first science textbook adoption in a decade. Creationists on the board opened the door to abuses with the standards they passed in 2009, and lame duck board members after the 2012 elections snuck in ideologically-driven textbook reviewers. This summer, these reviewers attacked evolution and climate change in biology textbooks, looking to influence publishers and the board. The hope was that the board’s influence over purchasing decisions would be powerful enough to compel publishers to undercut the science.
But publishers are stronger now. A 2011 law (passed in response to the absurd process in 2009 and 2010) allows local districts to buy any book they want, whether or not it’s on the board’s approved list. Districts are still going to prefer an approved textbook, but if the board goes too far, local districts can opt for a book not on the list, which means the publishers can walk away from the adoption process rather than weaken their textbooks. This science standards adoption is the first under the new law, a test case for battles to come (especially next year’s social studies textbook adoption).
So far, the publishers are standing strong. Creationists pushed them to water down evolution coverage, but they seem to be finding ways around the reviewers’ suggestions. As Ron Wetherington (who won a Friend of Darwin Award from NCSE in honor of his work on the 2009 standards) told the Dallas Observer “I reviewed the publisher’s response to this. In this particular case, the publisher said, ‘Up yours, we’re not going to change anything.’” We don’t yet know whether the state education agency will accept that response and recommend these textbooks for adoption.
This coming Wednesday will be the last chance for the public to speak about these textbooks. I’ve e-mailed NCSE’s members in Texas, urging them to sign up to speak at the hearing (it starts at 1 on Wednesday) and ask the board to adopt the textbooks without any further changes. I hope that if you’re a Texan reading this, you’ll register to testify now (follow the sample form to the right), or at least attend and show your support for the people speaking up for honest science textbooks (non-Texans, kindly share this with your friends in the Lone Star State). No matter what, now is the time for Texans to contact the board by e-mail and tell them the same.
On Friday, the board will take its final vote. With luck, they’ll listen to us, and Texan students will be able to rely on the textbooks in their science classes. By the time of the next science textbook adoptions, new developments in technology and in unified national science standards may render the Texas process irrelevant. And if the board chooses to ignore the science community and impose its political will on publishers, it’ll just hasten the end of the pivotal role Texas plays. Publishers who resist are likely to use their rejection as a marketing point, while those who make it onto the approved list are sure to be seen as compromised by teachers. In time, the “Texas edition” books will fade out of use as districts create their own adoption process.
Almost no matter what, this is likely to be the last chance for creationists to mount a concerted attack on science education across Texas. As board member Mavis Knight told the Observer, “From a statewide perspective, this will be their last big shot.” And with everything at stake—a decade’s worth of science education—the creationists are sure to put up a fight. We need to match them.
It’ll be a historic meeting, and I look forward to seeing what happens. I hope to see you there, or that you’ll come back for updates here on the blog, on NCSE’s twitter feed, and through videos of the hearing posted to our YouTube channel. Years from now, when people write histories of the Texas textbook battles, I dearly hope this meeting is reported as the last gasp of an ancient and ignominious tradition, and not as another moment when ideologues found a way around reforms. In the end, our actions in the next week will determine history’s judgment, and how tomorrow’s Texans learn the science they’ll need for a lifetime.
The Disco. ‘tute as Brave Sir Robin
Texas Creationists Beware: The Posse’s Comin’
December 11, 2013 Apply December 11, 2013 filter
November 18, 2013 Apply November 18, 2013 filter
(-) Remove Anti-evolution filter Anti-evolution
(-) Remove State science standards filter State science standards
(-) Remove Textbooks filter Textbooks
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