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Genetic, autoimmune, and clinical characteristics of childhood- and adult-onset type 1 diabetes.
E Sabbah,
K Savola,
T Ebeling,
P Kulmala,
P Vähäsalo,
J Ilonen,
P I Salmela and
M Knip
Department of Pediatrics, University of Oulu, Finland.
Diabetes Care 2000 Sep; 23(9): 1326-1332. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.23.9.1326
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether there are any differences in genetic, autoimmune, or clinical features between type 1 diabetes presenting in childhood and that diagnosed later. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied 352 individuals (252 children and adolescents <20 years of age and 100 adults > or =20 years of age) manifesting clinical signs of type 1 diabetes over a period of 7.5 years at a university hospital in northern Finland with a primary catchment area population of approximately 300,000. The patients were analyzed for susceptible and protective HLA-DQB1 alleles (*02, *0302, *0301, *0602, *0603, and *0604), islet cell antibodies (ICA), insulin autoantibodies, and antibodies to GAD and IA-2 (IA-2A). Their clinical symptoms and signs were recorded at diagnosis. RESULTS: The adult patients carried the high-risk DQB1*02/0302 genotype less frequently than the children and more often had protective genotypes. They also had a decreased frequency of all 4 single autoantibody specificities and of multiple (> or =3) autoantibodies. The proportion of patients testing negative for all autoantibodies was lower among the children than among the adults. IA-2A were associated with the DQB1*0302/x genotype in both the children and adults, and the same held true for ICA among the adults. The adults were characterized by a higher proportion of males, a longer duration of symptoms, and a lower frequency of infections during the preceding 3 months. In addition, they had a higher relative body weight on admission and milder signs of metabolic decompensation (higher pH, base excess, and bicarbonate concentrations) and a lower glycated hemoglobin level at diagnosis than the children. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical manifestation of type 1 diabetes before the age of 20 years is associated with a strong HLA-defined genetic disease susceptibility, an intensive humoral immune response to various beta-cell antigens, a higher frequency of preceding infections, and a shorter duration of symptoms and more severe metabolic decompensation at diagnosis. Taken together, these observations suggest that the age at clinical onset of type 1 diabetes is determined by the intensity of the beta-cell-destructive process, which is modulated by both genetic and environmental factors.
September 2000, 23(9)
You are going to email the following Genetic, autoimmune, and clinical characteristics of childhood- and adult-onset type 1 diabetes.
E Sabbah, K Savola, T Ebeling, P Kulmala, P Vähäsalo, J Ilonen, P I Salmela, M Knip
Diabetes Care Sep 2000, 23 (9) 1326-1332; DOI: 10.2337/diacare.23.9.1326
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Pro Specialist in Overland Park, Kansas.
First Name 7577e0bf
Last Name 211e7c25
Email 2818bc6f
9258d159 Email me about jobs like this
Overland Park | Kansas | United States | 66204
Do enjoy helping customers find what they need to complete a project? If so, we would love to have you on our Floor & Decor team! As a Retail Sales Associate at Floor & Decor, your love for the product and great service will help create an unparalleled shopping experience for our customers.
You will be responsible for greeting our customers, helping them find merchandise on our sales floor, and helping them get the necessary items to complete their project. You will play a large part in helping our customers complete a project that will last a lifetime.
Acknowledge and greet customers with a positive attitude
Answer customer questions
Help customers find the products they are looking for
Overland Park Kansas United States Overland Park, Kansas, United States, 66204 Store Sales Specialist Store Sales Specialist
It’s great being part of a culture where entrepreneurship and team spirit are not just buzzwords. If you love working with a great group of people and desire the opportunity to grow, this is the place for you. What You’ll Do Do enjoy helping cust...
Overland Park Kansas United States Overland Park, Kansas, United States, 66204 Store Sales Store Sales
Retail Sales Associate (Tile)
Brookfield Wisconsin United States Brookfield, Wisconsin, United States, 53005 Store Sales Specialist Store Sales Specialist
It’s great being part of a culture where entrepreneurship and team spirit are not just buzzwords. If you love working with a great group of people and desire the opportunity to grow, this is the place for you. What You’ll DoDo enjoy helping custo...
AP Specialist
Smyrna Georgia United States Smyrna, Georgia, United States, 30080 Accounts Payable Accounts Payable
It’s great being part of a culture where entrepreneurship and team spirit are not just buzzwords. If you love working with a great group of people and desire the opportunity to grow, this is the place for you. Purpose:This position is responsible...
Assistant Department Manager (Pro Services)
Riverdale Utah United States Riverdale, Utah, United States, 84405 Store Sales Store Sales
Houston Texas United States Houston, Texas, United States, 77034 Warehouse Warehouse
First Name abb848c7
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Email 9e86ed10
Department and Location fc203047
Departments ed5baf7c Departments a8d4087e Accounts Payable Admin Customer Care Operations Customer Care Services Customer Service Design Services Distribution Operations Distribution Operations Leadership Distribution Warehouse Ecommerce Inventory Merchandising Leadership Merchandising Operations Operations Pro Services Product Review Store Operations Store Operations Leadership Store Operations Specialist Store Sales Store Sales Specialist Supply Chain Systems Support & Enhancements Technology Warehouse
Locations f8a8464e Locations 53d8d701 Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States Alexandria, Virginia, United States Arlington, Texas, United States Arlington Heights, Illinois, United States Arvada, Colorado, United States Atlanta, Georgia, United States Aurora, Illinois, United States Austin, Texas, United States Avon, Massachusetts, United States Birmingham, Alabama, United States Bloomingdale, Georgia, United States Boynton Beach, Florida, United States Bridgeton, Missouri, United States Brookfield, Wisconsin, United States Buford, Georgia, United States Burlingame, California, United States Carson, California, United States Charlotte, North Carolina, United States Chicago, Illinois, United States Cincinnati, Ohio, United States Clearwater, Florida, United States Concord, North Carolina, United States Countryside, Illinois, United States Dallas, Texas, United States Denver, Colorado, United States Devon, Pennsylvania, United States Downey, California, United States Draper, Utah, United States Edgemere, Maryland, United States El Paso, Texas, United States Everett, Washington, United States Farmingdale, New York, United States Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States Fort Myers, Florida, United States Fort Worth, Texas, United States Fountain Valley, California, United States Fullerton, California, United States Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States Glendale, Arizona, United States Greensboro, North Carolina, United States Gretna, Louisiana, United States Gurnee, Illinois, United States Hampton, Virginia, United States Henderson, Nevada, United States Henrico, Virginia, United States Hialeah, Florida, United States Hilliard, Ohio, United States Hollywood, Florida, United States Houston, Texas, United States Indianapolis, Indiana, United States Jacksonville, Florida, United States Katy, Texas, United States Kennesaw, Georgia, United States Knoxville, Tennessee, United States Lakeland, Florida, United States Las Vegas, Nevada, United States Levittown, Pennsylvania, United States Littleton, Colorado, United States Lombard, Illinois, United States Louisville, Kentucky, United States Marietta, Georgia, United States McDonough, Georgia, United States Memphis, Tennessee, United States Mesa, Arizona, United States Mesquite, Texas, United States Miami, Florida, United States Milpitas, California, United States Mission Viejo, California, United States Moorestown, New Jersey, United States Moreno Valley, California, United States Morrow, Georgia, United States Nashville, Tennessee, United States New Orleans, Louisiana, United States Norco, California, United States North Charleston, South Carolina, United States North Richland Hills, Texas, United States Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States Orlando, Florida, United States Overland Park, Kansas, United States Paramus, New Jersey, United States Pasadena, Texas, United States Phoenix, Arizona, United States Plano, Texas, United States Pompano Beach, Florida, United States Port St. Lucie, Florida, United States Reno, Nevada, United States Reynoldsburg, Ohio, United States Riverdale, Utah, United States Rocklin, California, United States Roswell, Georgia, United States Saint Petersburg, Florida, United States San Antonio, Texas, United States San Diego, California, United States Sanford, Florida, United States Santa Ana, California, United States Sarasota, Florida, United States Saugus, Massachusetts, United States Savannah, Georgia, United States Seattle, Washington, United States Skokie, Illinois, United States Smyrna, Georgia, United States St. Louis, Missouri, United States Sugar Land, Texas, United States Tampa, Florida, United States Tempe, Arizona, United States The Colony, Texas, United States Thornton, Colorado, United States Tucson, Arizona, United States Utica, Michigan, United States Virginia Beach, Virginia, United States Wayne, New Jersey, United States West Palm Beach, Florida, United States Wichita, Kansas, United States Woodbridge, Virginia, United States Woodland Hills, California, United States
First Name 47f7abe1
Last Name 98f4a62d
Email ee2b00bb
15578cfb Email me about jobs like this
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Yoseif Bloch
Strict Constructionism
The second entry in a trilogy is often the most divisive.
Most of us don’t think of the Torah as a trilogy: it’s one scroll, containing the Five Books of Moses. However, both the Talmud (Shabbat 116a) and Midrash (Genesis Rabbah 64) insist that the Book of Numbers should not be seen as singular; leaving Mt. Sinai represents an irrevocable shift in the narrative. Indeed, if we look at the Torah in terms of the 54 weekly readings, the 18 which follow the departure from Sinai have a common theme: asymptotically approaching the Land of Israel.
Numbers is not the only book which has a split personality, though. We are smack in the middle of the Book of Exodus, and one can’t help but notice how the Exodus part of it abruptly ends halfway through. The first six portions tell the dramatic journey from slavery to Sinai, a story so good Cecil B. DeMille told it twice. It is, in many ways, the culmination of everything established in Genesis, the fulfillment of many of God’s promises.
However, starting with this week’s portion, Truma, the main focus is not the tribes of Israel or the territory of Israel, but the Tabernacle. For eighteen portions, the Torah details every aspect of the Tabernacle: how to build it, what to offer, who works there and in what capacity, when and where one is allowed to enter. The setting is unchanging, and the only narrative breaks deal with the great joy of constructing and consecrating the Tabernacle (and the violent deaths of any who defile it).
All Jewish studies teachers know this well. That’s why once we hit Truma, the time spent on the weekly portion plummets, while the time spent on talking about the upcoming spring holidays swells. Even the Sages seem to recognize this by adding supplementary readings and doubling up the regular portions. But it’s hard to jazz up these portions, even if you repackage them in listicles, such as “15 Items Every Tabernacle Needs!” or “You Won’t Believe How Impure These 8 Animals Make You!”
Still, I can’t help but wonder if there is an important lesson in these portions. The Torah describes in painstaking (arguably, painsgiving) detail every aspect of a structure which we will never rebuild. Even those who foresee a literal rebuilding of the Temple admit we’ll never again need to know that the bronze sockets are for the courtyard pillars while the silver sockets are for the sanctuary planks (obviously), because the Tabernacle is passe. In fact, many maintain that some of the elements used in its creation, such as the tahash, were never seen before or since:
The tahash of Moses’ day was a unique species… with one horn in its forehead, and it came to Moses’ hand just for the occasion, and he used it for the Tabernacle, and then it was hidden.
(Talmud, Shabbat 28b)
And yet it is part of our history and a good third of our Holy Book. We do not discard or deny or defy it.
I was born and bred in the U.S., so naturally I think of the Constitutional analogy. This is a wholly human document barely two centuries old, but there are numerous clauses crossed or grayed out because they are no longer applicable. And yet they are still there, reminding us that Americans once thought it important to safeguard slavery or to prohibit liquor.
Judaism today is quite different from the Tabernacular version of Moses’ day. Three millennia from now, who knows what our descendants will think of our religious priorities? Ultimately, the built-in obsolescence of the Tabernacle teaches us that a faith must grow and develop if it is to live on.
Yoseif Bloch is a rabbi who has taught at Yeshivat HaKotel, Yeshivat Har Etzion and Yeshivat Shvilei Hatorah and served as a congregational rabbi in Canada. He currently works as an editor, translator and publisher. As a blogger and podcaster, he is known as Rabbi Joe in Jerusalem.
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Where Are the Orthodox Voices on the Refugee Crisis?
Feb 15, 2017, 9:35 PM
There are those weeks when coming up with a topic for a weekly column can be challenging, but Donald Trump is, for people like me and late-night talk show hosts, the gift that just keeps on giving. The greater problem these days is not “what will I write about,” but rather deciding which of many topics to address. Mike Flynn’s resignation and what it represents is on everyone’s mind right now, and for good reason. But the nature of the Trump presidency so far has been that just when we are able to focus attention on one crisis that richly deserves it, the next crisis comes along and displaces our focus. So, for the moment, I want to stay on the topic of immigration– last week’s focus– and come back to General Flynn and his untruths another day.
For the past few years, a friend in the modern Orthodox community has chided me for what he perceived as the overwhelming Orthodox support for the Salute to Israel Parade here in New York, and the relative lack thereof on the part of non-Orthodox Jews. There are many more Yeshivas marching than non-Orthodox day schools, many more kippah-wearing spectators dotting the street than others, and the ambience of the entire proceeding is not unlike a holiday gathering of the pro-Israel Orthodox community.
There are responses to his comments. Quite simply, there are many more Yeshivas than Schechter and Reform Day Schools (and many more children in the Orthodox community– to their credit), many more families in the Orthodox world with members who have made Aliyah (also to their great credit), and, in general, a greater identification with the unique religious nationalism that fuels Aliyah and love of Israel so successfully. Additionally, the non-Orthodox world tends to have a more nuanced view of Israeli politics and policies, particularly as they regard issues of religious pluralism. In many ways, the religious establishment of Israel has pushed us away. Though I chafe at the idea that the non-Orthodox world isn’t present at that parade (remember, it’s harder to pick out people who aren’t wearing kippot than people who are, and actually, quite a few Conservative Jews wear kippot!), I think he’s basically right. The Orthodox are there in greater numbers, and I am obliged to admire their passion.
But for the moment, I’d like to turn the tables…
Just a few days ago, this past Sunday, I attended a rally in Battery Park, New York sponsored by HIAS, the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society. The rally, one of many held that day by Jewish communities around the country, was designed to protest President Trump’s ban on all Syrian refugees and proposed travel ban on Muslims seeking to enter the United States from seven countries. Its intent was to show solidarity with those who see America as their best hope for a safer and more tenable life.
The weather was abysmal in New York last Sunday. It was hailing and sleeting throughout the program. But despite that, there were still a few hundred people who braved the elements to come out. One of the organizers read an honor roll of Jewish institutions, organizations and synagogues that were sponsors of the rally, and I was taken aback by something that was glaringly obvious– none of the major Orthodox educational institutions, synagogues, the OU, Young Israel… almost none of them were there, and certainly not sponsoring. I say “almost none” because I heard the rabbi of the Hebrew Institute of Riverdale address the gathering, and there were one or two other Orthodox synagogues. But the overwhelming- and I mean overwhelming- number of sponsoring organizations, and attendees (very few kippot in the crowd), were from the non-Orthodox world.
And I asked myself, why is that? How and when did it happen that loving the stranger and showing sensitivity to their plight became a “progressive” cause, and not a traditionally religious one?
For the record, this is not a new issue. Thousands of years ago, priests and prophets in the Jewish world advanced very different agendas, with radically different priorities. On Yom Kippur, the Torah reading from Leviticus discusses the detailed rituals of the exiling of a scapegoat into the desert by the Israelites as a ritual of atonement. The prophetic portion for Yom Kippur, however, taken from the prophet Isaiah, proclaims, in strikingly explicit terms, how God despises the blood of the sacrificial animals and the rivers of oil on the altar– if the sacrifices are empty rituals, devoid of spiritual content. The true sacrifice that God desires is to care for the orphan and widow, feed the hungry, and shelter the homeless. In our own time, Abraham Joshua Heschel addressed this tension powerfully. It was, in large measure, that sensitivity that led him– a deeply religious and ritually observant Jew– to march with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in Selma.
It feels to me that the “progressive agenda,” because it is so closely identified with the left-leaning wing of the Democratic party, is seen as a threat to Israel, and that is the source of the conscious distancing. Bernie Sanders, Elizabeth Warren, Keith Ellison, who’s running for head of the Democratic National Committee– their very liberal orientation is not a natural bedfellow of right-wing Israeli politics, which dominates today’s Israel, and their public pronouncements about Israel have been less than reassuring. The Republicans have historically been, and remain, much more inclined to be strongly supportive of Israel. And as the party has moved to the right, its support has grown even stronger. Once upon a time, liberals loved Israel, and Conservatives didn’t. In 2017, exactly the opposite is the case.
To which I would add just a few thoughts…
First, the ultimate purpose of Jewish ritual is to lead us to the ethical sensitivity that Isaiah preached. If rituals are divorced from those sensitivities, or if they are limited to Jews only and not to to others, then, truly, we have forfeited that other classical prophetic mandate to be an or lagoyim– a light unto the nations. The ideal relationship between ritual and ethical is a dialectic. Each challenges the other. It is not, as I see it, authentically Jewish to deny either pole of that dialectic. To be observant cannot mean to be uncaring to overwhelming social crises, and to be socially conscious does not free one of ritual obligations. They feed each other.
Second, if the Jewish community cedes the progressive agenda to the Democratic party and its left wing, then as that party undergoes the process of reconstituting itself in the wake of its awful defeat this past November, there will be precious little room in it to be observant, staunchly pro-Israel, and a Democrat. As I see it, that would be an unmitigated catastrophe, leaving us an unenviable choice between Republican, socially regressive politics that are pro-Israel, and Democratic, liberal progressive politics that are, at best, luke-warm to Israel. We are closer to that situation now than we have ever been before, and it leaves me with a terribly uneasy feeling. And just to put this out there, who knows what the Republican party will look like a year from now, or what Donald Trump’s policies towards Israel will be? Thinking the Republican party will be a safe zone for Israel, even if you can abide their social policies, is a big assumption.
Which leads me to my third and final thought…
I am well aware that the Jews who were fleeing Nazi Europe were not the same as today’s Muslims fleeing Syria and other Arab countries. As Rodgers and Hammerstein reminded us so poignantly, you’ve got to be carefully taught how to hate, and many of today’s Muslim refugees were, indeed, taught. But for the life of me, as a religious Jew, I simply don’t know or understand how one can avoid the implications of the Torah’s repeated (thirty-six times!) teaching to love and care for the stranger, for we were strangers in the land of Egypt. We know what it feels like to be rejected in our hour of greatest need. Hate is, indeed, a corrosive power, but love heals many wounds. I see it in my work with the Muslim community in my area; they are deeply and genuinely moved by the response of so many Jews to their situation.
I am, proudly, a religious, observant Jew, a proud, unapologetic Zionist, and I lean much more to a liberal social agenda than to a regressive one. It’s getting lonely out there for folks like me…and it really shouldn’t be.
Israel-US Relations
Never again, Kellyanne Conway!
Varda Spiegel
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Donald Is All Excited About Quinnipiac’s Flawed Poll That Shows Him Losing — By Less
By Eric Kleefeld
Donald is touting a questionable poll from Quinnipiac University putting him within two points of Hillary. Apparently losing is thrilling to him, if only by a smaller margin.
Like clockwork, Trump cites the Qpiac outlier showing him polling at 33% w Hispanics.
— Josh Kraushaar (@HotlineJosh) June 29, 2016
After weeks of polls showing Hillary ahead of Donald by wide margins, he and the media can finally get excited about an outlier poll that suggests a close race: The new survey from Quinnipiac University.
“It would be difficult to imagine a less flattering from-the-gut reaction to Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton,” the pollster’s analysis says. “This is where we are. Voters find themselves in the middle of a mean-spirited, scorched earth campaign between two candidates they don’t like. And they don’t think either candidate would be a good president.”
Except things most certainly could be less flattering — as the poll does have good news for Hillary. By very wide margins, she is viewed as more qualified than Donald in such areas as handling an international crisis, responsible control of nuclear weapons, reducing gun violence, personal moral standards, intelligence — and oh yeah, actually being prepared to become president.
But that’s only the start of the problem here — especially when we start comparing Quinnipiac to other outlets.
As you can see from polling within the last 10 days, Quinnipiac stands alone in its depiction of the race as particularly close. Most other polls place the race somewhere between 4 and 6 points, and a healthy number of polls place it at 8 points or above. Of course, the Quinnipiac poll is getting a lot of press because it is unique in showing a close race. But there’s one thing to be aware of: A “unique poll result” is often an indication of a bad poll result.
One of the central critiques one can levy at Quinnipiac is that they tend to under-represent minorities. Polls such as PPP, IBD/TIPP, and others are all predicting that white turnout will be around 70 percent in 2016, down from 72 percent in the 2012 exit poll. Quinnipiac, on the other hand, has white turnout pegged at 73%, or possibly even more when one factors in any of the respondents who declined to identify their race to the pollster. Given their track record of under-representing minorities in their polls, it’s easy to see how their numbers are suspect.
Another dubious finding in this poll is Hispanic support for Donald at 33% when most polls place it around 20%. In this particular sample, Quinnipiac found a group of Hispanic voters who are much more likely to vote for him than what any other poll has found, lending to its inaccuracy.
Here’s the thing: Quinnipiac’s credibility is still shaky ever since their dishonest, discredited, and widely disseminated 2015 poll announcing that in a word-association exercise, voters immediately thought of Hillary Clinton as a “liar” (among other very unflattering terms):
As Mediaite explained at the time, the polling release for this particular question used the raw, unweighted sample of poll respondents, as opposed to the later adjustments that are done to bring the poll’s sample into line with population demographics. This resulted in a sample that was slightly more Republican than normal. In addition, the poll did not list any word-association responses that got less than five answers given back — which cut out up to a third of the total respondent pool.
The result, as Mediaite said: “On that basis, as far as we know, only 35% of the people asked had something negative to say about Hillary Clinton.” But the way Quinnipiac and the media played it, Hillary was seen as a “liar” by the majority of American voters.
With Quinnipiac’s history of exaggerating their findings and even reporting faulty ones, you should place extra scrutiny on their polls. So when they report a result that is so much different from every other poll out there, this only adds to the weight of scrutiny you should give it.
Unfortunately, the media seemingly do not practice this scrutiny — and this poll is being treated as some real news of the day. Anything to maintain a narrative.
[Anthony Reed of Benchmark Politics contributed to this post.]
Eric Kleefeld
Eric Kleefeld is a longtime blogger/reporter and former TV segment producer. You can find him on Twitter: @EricKleefeld.
Test Title will be here
Hillary's Compassionate Answer to a Question About Revenge Porn Law
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Hello, London! The Book of Mormon Missionaries Gavin Creel and Jared Gertner are Headed to the West End
November 8th, 2012 | By Michael Mellini
Gavin Creel and Jared Gertner will head door to door in London as missionaries Elder Price and Elder Cunnigham, respectively, in the West End production of The Book of Mormon. Preview performances begin February 25, 2013 at the Prince of Wales Theatre, with opening night set for March 21.
The cast will also include Mark Anderson, Stephen Ashfield, Benjamin Brook, Daniel Buckley, Daniel Clift, Ashley Day, Terry Doe, Candace Furbert, Patrick George, Nadine Higgin, Tyrone Huntley, Evan James, Chris Jarman, Michael Kent, Alexia Khadime, Matt Krzan, Oliver Liddert, Daniel McKinley, Luke Newton, Terel Nugent, Haydn Oakley, Olivia Phillip, Lucy St. Louis, Giles Terera, Kayi Ushe, Tosh-Wanogho-Maud and Liam Wrate.
Creel and Gertner are currently leading the national tour of The Book of Mormon. Creel earned a Tony nomination for Hair, and also appeared in the show's West End run. His other Broadway credits include Mary Poppins (in which he also appeared in the West End production), Thoroughly Modern Millie and La Cage aux Folles. Gertner has appeared on Broadway in The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee and off-Broadway in Ordinary Days. His TV credits include Ugly Betty and The Good Wife.
Written by South Park creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone and Avenue Q composer Robert Lopez, The Book of Mormon continues to sell-out at Broadway's Eugene O'Neil Theatre. The show earned nine 2011 Tony Awards including Best Musical. A second national tour will launch in Chicago in December.
Watch Creel talk about playing Elder Price below!
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Category: filmmaker
JERRY LEWIS: THE FILM BUFFOON RETURNS
(In 1981 I wrote a newspaper profile on Jerry Lewis and subsequently sent him a copy. Not long afterward, I received a personal letter of thanks from him. This is the original article.)
If Baudelaire’s definition holds even a speck of truth, therein lies the clue to the European view of Jerry Lewis as a comic genius on par with Chaplin.
“I’m 55, but I’m really nine,” said Lewis in a recent Tomorrow interview. “The key to my whole lifestyle is mischief, and I cannot, as a 55-year-old man, really think mischievously because that demeans my being. But there’s nothing wrong with a nine-year-old thinking that way. I cherish that nine-year-old because he’s everybody. He keeps me young. He keeps me thinking young. He’ll be at my next birthday, and he’ll have the most fun.”
Jerry’s kid, that mannish boy who has bumbled, mumbled and mugged his way through more than 40 films, is about to return to the silly screen for the first time in a decade in Hardly Working, which opens this week. Like it or not, the film buffoon is back.
The French toast Lewis’ comic brilliance. Director Jean-Luc Godard expressed his admiration to an incredulous Dick Cavett not long ago. But in America, there’s a split-decision. Statesiders generally find his juvenile Jerry-atrics either hysterical or grating. And it is the red, white and bluenosed critics who are Lewis’ most vicious detractors.
The reason for the animosity may be simple enough. Like Peter Pan, that impish, jerky, wonder-struck little kid who resides in the body and soul of Jerry Lewis has never aged. Therefore, he has remained unshackled from the rites, wrongs and constraints of society. On one level, he represents freedom. People not so free, people squeezed into role-modeled behavior, people who act the way society says they ought to act are likely to feel threatened by that kid and the freedom he represents. Hence, the jeerleaders.
Lewis’ self-imposed 10-year stretch away from filmmaking was provoked by some overexposure of flesh flicks in the early ‘70s. When the cinematic tide turned from boffo to porno, Lewis took a cab.
“I love the film industry,” he told Tom Snyder. “I took it as a personal affront that they were getting shabby. And it happened with a film I made for Warners, Which Way to the Front? a film I was really in love with. I put two years of a lot of blood and a lot of sweat into it.”
The skin-toned times created a condition which shocked Lewis out of his director’s chair—and right out of the industry. Driving by a theater one disenchanted evening, he spotted the marquee which had double-billed Which Way to the Front? with Deep Throat. That odd coupling resulted in Lewis’ giving Warner Brothers a shouting-room only performance of Hellzapoppin’—sans jokes and music. But the Warner Brotherhood had a cop-out: they were so involved with their then-smash Woodstock that they gave the distribution rights of Lewis’ film to other companies.
“Well, I don’t want to know from explanations,” said Lewis, “’cause I was shattered by it. In the mail I got, I was the heavy. The mothers and fathers were writing me, ‘You are someone we allow the children to go to see, and you have a responsibility’ and all that jazz. And I got really turned off, really cold.
“Now the capper was Dick Zanuck comes to see me and he wants me to direct and star in Portnoy’s Complaint. I said, “Dick, that’s not my style. I don’t think I know how to make that kind of film.” Then I got a script where they wanted me to play a homosexual who had committed matricide.
“I said, hey, let me get back to Vegas. I’ll play concerts, I’ll go back to The Palladium in London, I’ll do my thing. And I said it’s got to turn. If it doesn’t turn, at that point I really didn’t ever want to make a film again. And it did turn, starting in ’78.”
Jerry Lewis has always been a G-man; family-oriented films have always been the Lewis trademarquee. Yet, despite all those Jerry-vanilla comedies, he is not about to march behind that other Jerry, the pulpit politico Rev. Falwell, and wage war on pornography. (That would make a hilarious scene, though: the unsure-footed stumblebum Lewis character traipsing behind the preacher like a spastic marionette, yelling in that chalk-screechy voice, “Hey wait for me, Mr. Fellman! Uh Rev. Failsafe! I’m comin’ Rev. Fallout!”)
“I don’t believe in censorship,” said Lewis. “If you want to see a porno film, an audience should have a place to go see it. But it’s a little incongruous and it’s hardly sensible to run Bambi with The Devil in Miss Jones just for the sake of Barnum and Bailey showmanship. The theater should run The Devil in Miss Jones for that audience, but leave Bambi where it belongs. It’s that simple.”
As Lewis hoped, the packaging of flesh and funny bone was a short-lived phenomenon which, he said, “had probably the same chance that the Edsel did, thank God.”
In spite of his predilection for tomfoolish behavior, Lewis is a slapstickler for professionalism. As a director, writer and actor, he takes his comedy seriously. He doesn’t suffer fools gladly—or any other way. He said, “I hate incompetents. I get very difficult when somebody shouldn’t be in the job they’re holding because they’re keeping it from a man who’s qualified. Moreover, they’re contagious. They’ll run through your crew, and they will dismember that crew.
“I’m making a film that I hope one day my great-great-grandchildren are gonna see. They’re gonna examine my work, and the fabric and character of this man is gonna be up for grabs. I’m not havin’ some moron on the set looking at his watch yawning ‘cause it’s just a job. He’s outa there. That’s only happened twice in 41 films.”
Lewis’ upcoming attractions include roles in Martin Scorsese’s drama, The King of Comedy (which also stars Robert DeNiro), and the screen-bound adaptation of Kurt Vonnegut’s Slapstick, being directed by Lewis disciple Steven Paul.
The Day the Clown Cried, Lewis’ own dramatic film (his sole to date), has been gathering Swedish dust, along with two Ingmar Bergman films, since 1973. Like the Bergmans, it was shot in Sweden as a Swedish-French co-production. When the political deal soured, the films were stopped dead in their soundtracks. A Godard picture, also part of the (mis)deal, was similarly thrown a French curve and lies in limbo in his homeland.
“They tell us,” Lewis said, “that this year, it looks like they’re gonna make nice with one another, and we can all finish our films.”
However, for the present, comedy comes first. Sight-gagging and language-mangling are back in vogue, and the maestro has returned to show ‘em all how it’s done. Hardly Working has Jerry Lewis heartily working. Maybe he is 10 years older. But that kid is still nine.
Author Jim GeorgePosted on August 27, 2017 Categories comedy, film, filmmaker, Hollywood, Hollywood Legend, humor, Jerry Lewis, Legend, movie, UncategorizedLeave a comment on JERRY LEWIS: THE FILM BUFFOON RETURNS
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Vikings slowly but surely adjust to yet another new offense
DAVE CAMPBELL (AP Pro Football Writer)
The Associated Press June 14, 2019, 11:19 p.m. UTC
Minnesota Vikings tight end Kyle Rudolph makes a catch during drills at the team's NFL football training facility in Eagan, Minn. Tuesday, June 11, 2019. (AP Photo/Andy Clayton- King)
EAGAN, Minn. (AP) -- Stefon Diggs has dived into yet another playbook. The fifth-year player is taking direction from a fourth offensive coordinator, Kevin Stefanski, since he was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings.
As challenging as the frequent changes in philosophy and terminology have been, well, at least the Vikings' veterans are used to it by now. Might learning a new system become less daunting when players are doing so almost every spring?
''Yeah, it actually does,'' Diggs said this week with a smile, as he attempted to downplay the difficulty of another scheme shift. ''We have run the same route a million times. Just because it has a new name doesn't mean we can't run it. Just being around for a little while now has made it a little easier.''
Still, there's been no denying the defense in Minnesota has had the edge in full-team drills over the defense during the practices that were open to the media in May and June. Sure, the defense is stacked with Pro Bowl players at each level, one of the most elite units in the league, but it's hard to beat the familiarity with coach Mike Zimmer's system that has remained stable since its implementation upon his arrival in 2014.
''They might give us some formation that we haven't seen, and our guys can adjust to it just because they've seen it and done it before. Maybe not this spring, but they've seen it and done it before,'' Zimmer said, making no mistake that his perspective continues to lie with the defense despite his authority over and responsibility for the entire roster.
Stefanski, who took over on an interim basis for the final three games last season following the firing of John DeFilippo, has been on the staff since 2006. So he has absorbed pieces of several different schemes as his favored ingredients for the yet-to-be-defined system the Vikings will employ this fall.
At Zimmer's urging, they'll strive for a better pass-run balance, and the arrival of new offensive line coach and running game coordinator Rick Dennison has helped the offense hone in on a zone-blocking scheme to maximize running back Dalvin Cook's cutback abilities and the mobility of the blockers up front. They'll also likely strive for more play-action passes, a strength of quarterback Kirk Cousins and, to hear Zimmer to tell it, a bother for any defense if properly executed.
''You have to take a peek at it from 20,000 feet, as opposed to on the ground, but what I'm appreciative of is that we have some really good position coaches here, and they're great teachers,'' Stefanski said. ''I love to walk around this practice field and just listen to them teach, because I pick something up every time that I'm out here. I bounce around to each one of these position groups as they're working in individual, and I can tell you we have an outstanding staff here.''
That, of course, includes new assistant head coach and offensive adviser Gary Kubiak. The former Houston Texans and Denver Broncos head coach, while trying to let the 37-year-old Stefanski forge his own identity, has a significant role in the rollout, a valuable sounding board and strategist for both Stefanski and Zimmer.
''It's a different role, but I'm really enjoying it. I mean, I get to watch guys coach. I'm watching all the good young coaches on the offensive staff, being with Kevin every day, and watching him do the things I did for 30 something years and then sitting down with him after practice and talking through situations,'' Kubiak said. ''Me and Zim have battled for many, many years, and now we get to battle every day in practice. But it's been really good.''
More AP NFL coverage: https://apnews.com/NFL and https://twitter.com/AP-NFL
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The Schoenthals Come to America: 1866-1880
Posted on October 6, 2015 by Amy
One of the things that I have found touching in researching many of the lines in my family is the way that families stayed together even after settling in the United States. Although family members would sometimes move away as their children grew up and the job opportunities changed, brothers and sisters and cousins and others tended to all end up near each other when they first migrated. In the case of the Schoenthal family, it’s even more striking since almost all of them ended up in a relatively small city, Washington, Pennsylvania.
Washington, PA 1897
By Thaddeus Mortimer Fowler & James B. Moyer [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
As I mentioned in my last post, my great-great-uncle Henry Schoenthal was the first sibling of my great-grandfather Isidore to emigrate from Germany to the United States. His aunt Fanny Schoenthal Goldsmith had preceded him with her husband Simon in 1845. Henry was the second oldest child and the oldest son of Levi Schoenthal and Henrietta Hamberg, born on May 20, 1843, in Sielen. His German name was Hienemann, named for Levi’s father, Hienemann Schoenthal, but he changed it to Henry after settling in the United States.
According to the Beers biography referred to here, “Henry Schoenthal attended the school of his native village up to his fourteenth year, at the same time learning his father’s trade [shoemaking], beginning when only ten and one-half years old, and working at the same until he was fifteen years old. For two years after this he took private literary instruction, and in the year 1859 was admitted into the Jewish Seminary in Cassel, Germany, an institution where young men were educated to become teachers in Jewish schools, and leaders of the service in the synagogue. At the end of the third year he passed an examination, and then taught school for three years in one place [Trendelburg].”[1] His role as a teacher is also mentioned on the Alemannia-Judaica page for Trendelburg.
Despite being quite educated and having what would appear to be a good position, Henry must have decided that there were greater opportunities in America where his uncle Simon Goldsmith and his family had moved in 1845. Henry, still using the name Hienemann, sailed on the S.S. Hansa from Bremen, Germany, arriving in New York City on June 18, 1866.
Henry Schoenthal 1866 ship manifest, line 85
Year: 1866; Arrival: New York, New York; Microfilm Serial: M237, 1820-1897; Microfilm Roll: Roll 267; Line: 1; List Number: 679
As the Beers biography reports, Henry settled in Washington, Pennsylvania. “Selecting as his abiding place in the land of his adoption the thriving town of Washington, this county, he clerked for three years in the clothing store of [his first cousin] Jacob Goldsmith, at the sign of the “Golden Eagle,” in the room now occupied by C. A. House as a music store.” Henry’s cousin had been well-established in Washington since at least 1854 as this August 23, 1854 article from the Washington Reporter (p. 2) reports:
On September 23, 1867, Henry’s younger brother Simon, born February 14, 1849, arrived in New York City on the S.S. D.H. Wagen, listing his occupation as a bookbinder and his destination as Pennsylvania. Sailing with Simon was their sister Amalie, born Malchen on January 1, 1847, in Sielen. She also was headed to Pennsylvania.
Simon Schoenthal and Amalie Schoenthal 1867 ship manifest, lines 230 and 231
Year: 1867; Arrival: New York, New York; Microfilm Serial: M237, 1820-1897; Microfilm Roll: Roll 286; Line: 1; List Number: 1004
The Beers biography continues, “Then in 1869, Mr. Schoenthal bought out the stationery business of Rev. James McFarland, at the “Green Tree Corner,” and has ever since conducted a prosperous and lucrative trade in books, stationery, notions, etc., at the same stand.”
Date: Wednesday, June 7, 1871 Paper: Washington Reporter (Washington, Pennsylvania) Volume: LXIII
In 1870, Henry (now using Henry) and Simon were living together in Washington in what appears to be a hotel. Henry was a book merchant, and Simon a bookbinder.
Henry and Simon Schoenthal 1870 census, lines 20 and 21
Year: 1870; Census Place: Washington, Washington, Pennsylvania; Roll: M593_1463; Page: 150B; Image: 290; Family History Library Film: 552962
Henry was also actively involved in the cultural life in Washington, bringing music to the people who lived there:
In 1870, their sister Amalie Schoenthal was living in Pittsburgh with their uncle Simon Goldsmith, who had relocated to Pittsburgh by then. His daughter Hannah had married Joseph Benedict, and they had a five month old baby Jacob at the time of the 1870 census. Joseph was in the retail business (no product identified), and his father-in-law Simon was listed as a retired tailor. Amalie’s occupation was reported as a “domestic.” I don’t know whether that means she was working as a servant for her cousin or in the household of someone else. I am curious as to who Eliza Brocksmith and her baby Jacob were, also listed in the household, but I’ve not yet found the connection. Perhaps she was Joseph’s sister.
Amalie Schoenthal with Simon Goldsmith and the Benedict family 1870 census
Year: 1870; Census Place: Pittsburgh Ward 5, Allegheny, Pennsylvania; Roll: M593_1295; Page: 567A; Image: 439; Family History Library Film: 552794
Meanwhile, another sibling, Nathan arrived not long after the 1870 census. Nathan, who was born August 6, 1854 in Sielen, was only sixteen years old when he sailed on the Frankfurt from Bremen to New York, arriving July 16, 1870. He also settled in Washington, Pennsylvania, with his two older brothers.
Nathan Schoenthal 1870 ship manifest line 167
In 1872, Henry returned to Germany where on May 8, 1872, he married Hewa (Helen) Lilienfeld of Gudensberg, the daughter of Meyer Lilienfeld and Malchen Engelbert. Gudensberg is another town in the Kassel district of Hessen located about 55 km from Sielen. I would love to know how that marriage was arranged. Henry had been in the US for six years at that point and was 29 years old. Had his parents made this arrangement for him?
Henry Schoenthal and Hewa Lilienfeld marriage record
HHStAW Abt. 365 Nr. 386, S. 37
Henry and his new bride returned to the United States on May 24, 1872, sailing from Bremen on the Danae. Strangely, Helen was listed under her birth name, Lilienfeld, not Schoenthal. There are also two entries for Amalie Mannsbach, an eighteen year old, listed in between Helen(e) and Henry. (I assume there were not two women with that name, but an error in the manifest. Or maybe there were two cousins with the same name and of the same age.) Since Henry’s brother Simon married a woman named Rose Mansbach in 1872, I am wondering whether Amalie became Rose in the US and whether Henry was bringing this young woman back for his younger brother. But right now that is just speculation.
Henry Schoenthal and Helene Lilienfeld 1872 ship manifest lines 95 to 98
Meanwhile, a fifth Schoenthal sibling had arrived in western Pennsylvania while Henry was in Germany, getting married. Felix, born Seligmann Schoenthal on December 15, 1856, in Sielen, arrived on May 11, 1872, according to the passport application he filed in 1919. Although I scanned the entire ship manifest for the ship that arrived on that date from Bremen, I could not find his name. Felix also asserted on his passport application that he was naturalized in the Court of Common Pleas in Pittsburgh on August 17, 1878. In 1880, he was living with his wife of two years, Maggie (or Margaret), in West Newton, Pennsylvania, and working as a clerk in the paper mill. West Newton is about 32 miles east of Washington and about 25 miles southeast of Pittsburgh, so he was not too far from his siblings.
Felix Schoenthal 1880 US census
Year: 1880; Census Place: West Newton, Westmoreland, Pennsylvania; Roll: 1204; Family History Film: 1255204; Page: 8C; Enumeration District: 109
A sixth Schoenthal sibling also had arrived from Germany by 1880—Julius. He, however, has proven to be more difficult to pin down. I have been unable to locate a passenger manifest that includes him, and if it weren’t for the fact that the Beers biography mentioned a brother named Julius who lived in Washington, DC, I probably would not have assumed that the Julius Schoenthal that I found in DC was related to my Schoenthal family. When I found Julius on the 1880 census, the only clue I had to support the conclusion that he was related was the fact that, like Levi Schoenthal, he was a shoemaker.
Julius Schoenthal 1880 US census
Year: 1880; Census Place: Georgetown, Washington, District of Columbia, District of Columbia; Roll: 121; Family History Film: 1254121; Page: 9A; Enumeration District: 012; Image: 0498
I didn’t have a German birth record for Julius so I assumed he was born before 1846 when the Breuna birth records that are available online began. Things got even more confusing when I tried to find information about when Julius arrived in the US and what he was doing in the 1870s. What a hodge-podge of confusing and conflicting clues.
First, the 1910 census reports that Julius arrived in 1869, but the 1900 census said he arrived in 1875. According to the District of Columbia, Select Marriages, 1830-1921, database on Ancestry, Julius married Minnie Dahl on March 15, 1874, in DC., so I knew Julius had to have been in the US by 1874 and that the 1900 census could not be right. Then I found an entry for a Julius Schoenthal in the U.S., Civil War Pension Index: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934, on Ancestry that indicated that Julius had filed a claim for a pension in 1897 as an invalid; it also indicated that Julius had served in the Signal Corps, but there were no dates of service indicated on the index card in that database.
Julius Schoenthal pension index card
U.S., Civil War Pension Index: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934
I was confused. If Julius arrived in 1869 or 1875, how could he have served in the Civil War, which ended in 1865?
I decided to look for news articles, hoping I’d find something to shed light on when Julius had immigrated, and I found an article dated September 14, 1914, from the Washington Evening Star (p. 12) that added one more fact to the mix, bewildering me even further.
If Julius had served in the Franco-Prussian War in 1870-1871, how could he have served in the US Civil War? Had he immigrated to the US, enlisted in the US Army, and then returned to Germany to serve in that country’s army against France? I thought maybe I should order his service file from the National Archives, but it was fairly expensive, so I decided to hold off and see what else I could find.
I turned once again to the genealogy village and the Ancestry.com Facebook group to see if there was someone who was more expert with the U.S., Civil War Pension Index: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934 database. I was very fortunate to get tremendous help from a member there named Lillian. First, she informed me that the so-called Civil War Pension Index covers more than just Civil War veterans, a fact that had not been clear to me when I read the database description. Then Lillian pointed me to a document on Fold3, a genealogy website primarily focused on military records. That document stated that Julius had enlisted in the US Army in 1873, eight years after the Civil War ended.
I’d seen this document earlier, but had dismissed it for a couple of reasons. First, it said that Julius was born in Berlin. That seemed not likely to be the right person since all of my great-grandfather’s other siblings were born in Sielen, not anywhere close to Berlin. Secondly, it said he enlisted from Chicago. I couldn’t imagine that my Julius would have enlisted from Chicago since no one else in the family was there, so I had dismissed this record. Looking a second time at Lillian’s suggestion, I saw that Julius had been discharged in Washington, DC, on June 5, 1874, making it more likely that this could be my Julius. But I was and am not 100% certain that it is.
It would make more sense, however, for Julius to have enlisted in 1873, not during the Civil War. Maybe he had arrived in 1869 and had returned home to fight for Germany in the Franco-Prussian War. Or maybe the 1910 census does not accurately record his arrival date and Julius had arrived after serving in the Franco-Prussian War, perhaps in 1872, and then enlisted in the US Army from Chicago. He married Minnie Dahl, who was born in Germany, but I don’t know where he met her. Assuming it was in Washington, that might explain why they settled there once he was discharged from the army in 1874 less than two months after they were married.
English: Pres. U.S. Grant (between 1870 and 1880) Français : Le président américain Ulysses Grant (Photo prise entre 1870 and 1880) (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Lillian found one more piece of evidence that may provide more answers. On May 12, 1873, a man named Julius Schoenthal wrote a letter to then US President Ulysses S. Grant, and that letter is in the Ulysses S. Grant Presidential Collection at Mississippi State University. I have ordered a copy of the letter and hope to receive it within a week or so. I am hoping that perhaps it will be the right Julius Schoenthal and that it will reveal something about his life before being discharged from the army and marrying Minnie Dahl. Maybe I will find some clue, some evidence that ties him to my Schoenthals and explains some of the confusing and conflicting evidence I’ve found so far. And now I am curious enough about Julius that I broke down and ordered his pension file, but found someone who could retrieve it for me for a more reasonable price.
Assuming that Julius was in fact my great-grandfather’s brother, it would mean that by 1880 five of the seven surviving sons and one of the three daughters of Levi Schoenthal and Jette Hamberg had left Sielen, Germany, and moved to the United States. All but Julius were living in western Pennsylvania in 1880. As the Beers biography points out, by 1880, Henry and Helen Schoenthal had had three children, “Madaline, born March 16, 1873, died in infancy; Hilda, born June 25, 1874; Lionel, born April 14, 1877.” Amalie and her husband Elias Wolfe had had three: Maurice (1873), Florence (1875), and Lionel (Lee) (1877). I assume the two Lionels were named for their grandfather Levi Schoenthal, who had died back in Sielen in 1874. Simon and his wife Rose had had five children in the 1870s: Ida (1873), Harry (1873), Gertrude (1875), Louis (1877—probably also named for Levi), and Maurice (1878). Julius and his wife Minnie had four children in the 1870s: Leo (1875—also probably for Levi), Rosalia (1876), Sylvester (1878), and Moretto (1879). Thus, in one decade the Schoenthal siblings had produced fifteen new American born children.
Levi Schoenthal death record March 1874
HHStAW Abt. 365 Nr. 773, S. 9
In the next decade, my great-grandfather Isidore would arrive as well as his mother and two other sisters. There would be only one Schoenthal left in Germany, at least for a while. Almost all the descendants of Levi and Henrietta (Hamberg) Schoenthal would be born in the United States.
[1] Text taken from page 1057 of:
Beers, J. H. and Co., Commemorative Biographical Record of Washington County, Pennsylvania (Chicago: J. H. Beers & Co., 1893).
Transcribed March 1997 by Neil and Marilyn Morton of Oswego, IL as part of the Beers Project.
Published March 1997 on the Washington County, PA USGenWeb pages at http://www.chartiers.com/.
This entry was posted in Genealogy, Germany, Goldschmidt/Goldsmith, Hess, Kassel, Pennsylvania, Schoenthal, Sielen, Washington PA and tagged American Civil War, Goldschmidt, schoenthal, Sielen, Ulysses S. Grant, Washington DC, WashingtonPA by Amy. Bookmark the permalink.
21 thoughts on “The Schoenthals Come to America: 1866-1880”
Janet on October 6, 2015 at 9:12 am said:
You are so though and meticulous in your research. I am aiming to do as much as I can for my immigrant ancestors. I’ve identified 16 so far who arrived in America in the early 1600’s. They came from England and Scotland to New England.
Amy on October 6, 2015 at 9:51 am said:
Thank you, Janet. It is probably much harder to find a lot of detail about individuals who lived in the 1600s when there were no census reports and few newspapers. Whether for good or bad, I haven’t gotten back much earlier than 1800 for any of my relatives, and my earliest US relatives came in the 1840s. Of course, Great Britain ha great church records, so that must be a good resource for you. Good luck!
Debi Austen on October 6, 2015 at 1:36 pm said:
Wow, this is really detailed research. And kudos to Lillian for helping you!
Amy on October 6, 2015 at 2:28 pm said:
Thanks, and yes, Lillian was a tremendous help!
Luanne @ TFK on October 6, 2015 at 11:36 pm said:
Amazing help you have gotten, Amy. Fascinating history!
Thank you—I find them a very interesting group so far.
Pingback: Julius Schoenthal Mystery: Solved « Brotmanblog: A Family Journey
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Diane Young Decker on January 21, 2016 at 9:01 pm said:
Forgot to ask with my other comment: Have you ever stumbled across the maiden name of Maggie Swem Schoenfeld’s mother Rachel Swem? I have so far been unable to track it down.
Amy on January 21, 2016 at 10:45 pm said:
I haven’t, but I didn’t really look. If I find something, I will let you know.
Amy on February 1, 2016 at 12:34 pm said:
Sorry, Diane, I must have missed this comment. No, I am afraid that I haven’t.
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Hayes Carll: He's Kind of a Big Deal
From the famous suburbs of The Woodlands, Texas, 35-year old Hayes Carll is a country singer-songwriter that is going to knock the boots off of Waco.
And we’re not the only ones who think so - Carll has a long list of awards and acclaims that prove just how awesome he is, including his appearance on the “Best of” lists for famous music magazines Spin and Rolling Stone. Perhaps most impressively, however, Carll was a 2011 nominee for Artist of the Year at the 2011 Americana Music Association. Needless to say, he's kind of a big deal, and Common Grounds couldn't be more excited to have him.
However, if awards don’t impress you, maybe you’re familiar with a little film featuring Tim McGraw and Gwyneth Paltrow called Country Strong. It just so happens that multiple songs that appeared in the film were written by Carll, including "Hard Out Here", "Take Me Away", "Hide Me Babe", and "Turn Loose the Horses". How neat is that? That's pretty neat, if you ask us.
Of course, the best thing about Mr. Hayes Carll is his music – and how much he identifies with his listeners, or anyone for that matter.
“I guess you could say I write degenerate love songs,” Carll says. “That, and songs about people who’re wedged between not much and even less; people who see how hopeless it is and somehow make it work anyway.”
So, come see Hayes Carll on Saturday, November 9, 2013 at Common Grounds. Doors at 8, show at 9 pm. And if you need to get ready for the show, just listen to our recommended songs below!
Songs to Download
New Stuff: Hard Out Here
Oldies: Drunken Poets Dream
Slow Jam: Long Way Home
American Songwriter’s #1 Song of 2011: Another Like You
Connect with Hayes Carll on Social Media!
Twitter @hayescarll
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HayesCarll
artwork by Shay Scranton
Tags Hayes Carll, Music, Singer-Songwriter, Americana, Country, Concert, Live Music, Common Grounds, Coffee, Waco
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Wyoming Guard trains first aerial gunners
By: Cpl. Mikailla Brownfield, 197th Public Affairs Detachment - Updated: 2 weeks ago
FORT SMITH, Ark. - The Wyoming Army National Guard Detachment 1, Alpha Company, 2nd of the 149th Aviation Battalion, made history in June.
The unit, stood up two years ago, flew three UH-60 Black Hawks and 21 soldiers to the Fort Chaffee Maneuver Training Center, in Fort Smith, Arkansas, for annual training during mid-June. It qualified four soldiers as aerial gunners and evaluators, a Wyoming Guard first.
Capt. Andrew Harrison, platoon leader for A Company, came to this unit from Colorado with the intent of getting the unit qualified on aerial gunnery. “We’ve accomplished exactly what we’ve set out to do,” he said. “Morale is high and the soldiers like what they’re doing here because they actually get to do (military occupational specialty) training.”
Wyoming’s fueling specialists, mechanics and pilots worked side-by-side with the counterparts in their sister unit from the Arkansas Army National Guard to qualify. Sgt. 1st Class Daniel Nesvik was the first to go. He then helped other soldiers from both states to meet qualification standards.
“I evaluated one of our flight Instructors, and then they evaluated someone so that I could sign off on them as qualified on guns, and then qualified as an evaluators,” Nesvik said. “They then jumped off and helped to qualify the Arkansas soldiers.”
In the first 24 hours of training, all the soldiers qualified for both day and night firing. Staff Sgt. Morgan Graham, a Black Hawk mechanic from Wyoming, said, “For a lot of us, it was our first time out after being in a medevac unit. So, there was a bit of a learning curve, but it still went fairly smoothly.”
As for the experience of shooting a machine gun from a moving helicopter, Graham said, “It’s the definition of freedom.”
Nesvik said he plans to get an aerial gunnery program set up in Wyoming. “It’ll take some time to get it going, but we have a good start coming down here with our sister unit to see how they do things.”
© 2019-Cheyenne Minuteman
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The Wyoming Army National Guard Detachment 1, Alpha Company, 2nd of the 149th Aviation Battalion, made history in June.
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Washington, DC – Elizabeth Flury has been named Chief Strategy Officer for Children’s National Medical Center, effective September 1st. This is a newly created position developed by Kurt Newman, MD, President and CEO.
“We are pleased that Elizabeth Flury is joining us at such a vital time as we continue to find innovative ways to care for kids and their families,” said Dr. Newman. “Now more than ever, healthcare institutions need to think strategically about the challenges we face. We have big plans for advancing pediatrics, so we are excited about Elizabeth’s transformational style. She will be a true asset as we navigate a complex environment and take Children’s National to new levels over the coming years.”
“I am pleased to join Children’s National,” said Ms. Flury. “I especially appreciate the primary focus on pediatrics. These are challenging times, and we need to think and act strategically, and answer to outcomes and value. The impressive interface between clinical care, translational research, and education at Children’s National puts it in a great position, as does its platform in the nation’s capital. I embrace all of these challenges and opportunities and know that, together, we will elevate pediatrics on the national stage.”
Ms. Flury comes to Children’s National from the Johns Hopkins Health System, where she served as the Senior Director, Health Care Transformation and Strategic Planning. Before joining Johns Hopkins, Ms. Flury worked at KPMG, where she provided national leadership to KPMG's Health Care Strategy and Governance Practice, and ran her own healthcare consulting firm for a time. Ms. Flury earned her B.S. in Business Administration from Elizabethtown College in PA, and her M.A. in Organizational Psychology from Immaculata University, also in PA.
Contact Paula Darte or Emily Hartman, Public Relations: 202.476.4500.
About Children's National Health System
Children’s National Health System, based in Washington, D.C., has served the nation’s children since 1870. Children’s National is one of the nation’s Top 5 pediatric hospitals and, for a second straight year, is ranked No. 1 in newborn care, as well as ranked in all specialties evaluated by U.S. News & World Report. It has been designated two times as a Magnet® hospital, a designation given to hospitals that demonstrate the highest standards of nursing and patient care delivery. This pediatric academic health system offers expert care through a convenient, community-based primary care network and specialty outpatient centers in the D.C. Metropolitan area, including the Maryland suburbs and Northern Virginia. Home to the Children’s Research Institute and the Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National is the seventh-highest NIH-funded pediatric institution in the nation. Children’s National is recognized for its expertise and innovation in pediatric care and as a strong voice for children through advocacy at the local, regional and national levels.
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The stuffed head on the wall
Hoo boy, I didn’t want to do this today. I started one version in which a stuffed head looked down at a bunch of people at a cocktail party and made comments. It would have been funny had I been in a funny-writing mood. (Narrator: “She was not in a funny-writing mood.”) So I came up with this. Again, don’t know where it came from; just had the idea of a stuffed head being the only thing available to listen to a lonely woman.
“Hello! Anybody in there?”
He was dimly aware she’d been talking for a while. He’d been looking at his phone; Grant had sent over a slew of messages about the account and expected an immediate response. The phrase, “work-life balance” didn’t mean much to Grant. Actually, he didn’t separate work from life. It was all one big blob to him. But even with this pressure, he managed to pull his eyes away from the screen.
Her eyes went sharp and narrow, then relaxed into disappointment. “Did you hear anything I said?” she asked, pulling her hand from his knee and dropping it in her lap. Her other hand played in their sleeping daughter’s fine hair; she lightly pulled the silky strands straight up from her small head then let them float back into place.
“Sure. Sure I did,” he said. He was frantically trying to piece together words he think he might have heard, because he knew what the next question was going to be.
“What did I say?” she said.
“You said the garbage disposal is on the fritz,” he said with some confidence. He knew “garbage” and “fritz” were in there somewhere. “I’ll get it taken care of.”
“No,” she shook her head, “that’s not what I said. But I have to give you credit. You were kind of close. I said I’m sorry I didn’t take care of the garbage cans and that the fridge was on the fritz.” Her hand stopped fidgeting with the girl’s locks. The toddler didn’t stir.
He looked into Brenda’s face. She looked tired, older. But staying at home with a three-year-old all day—every day— would do that to you; he imagined it would make you exhausted in your body, mind, and soul. The limited interactions he had with Evie in the evenings and the weekends were enough for him. Sure, she loved her; he didn’t think he’d ever loved anything more in his whole life. But he was secretly glad that Brenda was the one who had decided to pause a career. Then again, he suspected it wasn’t much of a secret.
Brenda gently moved Evie off of her leg. Evie gave a long, powdery sigh and settled against the stuffed arm of the couch. Brenda leaned forward, cupping her calves and sliding her hands to her feet until her chest rested on her thighs. She let her head hang down; her caramel-colored hair obscured her face.
“Colin,” she said from beneath her hair. “I—“ she stopped.
Colin put his palm on her back, but stole a glance at his phone. Three more emails from Grant had come through. Brenda sat up quickly, and ran both hands through her hair, smoothing it. Colin turned his phone screen-down on the sofa. The gesture didn’t go unnoticed. He rubbed her back.
“What?” he asked. “What’s going on?” Her eyes became glassy and her mouth pressed and worked.
“I can’t,” she said finally.
Colin frowned. “Can’t what?”
She shook her head from side to side. “I can’t. I can’t. I just can’t.” She spread her arms wide to indicate the entirety of her world. “This. It’s not… It’s too…” she trailed off. Colin started to say something, but she continued.
“I know I agreed. I mean, I volunteered. It made sense. But Co, I’m so lonely. I feel like whatever I was before is gone, completely gone. And I know you have to put in the extra time at work,” she nodded at the phone, its body haloed with the glow of incoming messages, “but you’re gone too. And when you’re here, you’re there,” she pointed at the device. “And I have no one to talk to except… except…” she looked around the room until her eyes landed on the ironic buck head mounted over the fireplace. “Except that stuffed head on the wall. That stupid, ridiculous deer head.”
Author KeriPosted on January 10, 2018 January 10, 2018 Categories 750 wordsLeave a comment on The stuffed head on the wall
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Review With this triumph, George Harrison proved without a shadow of a doubt that he had shed the Beatles years long before the 1970 breakup. His spiritual journey had begun years earlier, yet his uncomfortable status as a Beatle prevented him from releasing these intensely personal songs on a Beatles record. Harrison makes a statement with both lyric and melody with “All Things Must Pass.” This collection of songs, most of which were written years earlier and kept in Harrison’s hope chest, provide proof of his desire to go beyond what any artist had, or has, in discovery of the meaning of life. Here, George profoundly shed his image as simply a Beatles in grand fashion.
This album works because we are not hammered with a collection of spiritual songs from his unusual, yet thought provoking personal religious beliefs. There are those strange moments such as with the song “My Sweet Lord” and its references to, in Harrison’s own words, a God with many branches known as religions. This mixture of Christianity and Hinduism are odd to say the least, however songs such as “If Not For You” and “What is Life” could just as easily have been crafted for a serious earthly love affair or a spiritual relationship with God. In a way Harrison leaves us confused as to his message but we yearn for more.
This mystery leads Harrison to ask the listener to contemplate life; to think about life’s joys and sorrows, love and disappointment. The slick Wall-of-Sound production quality, provided by Phil Spector, profoundly adds to the spirituality of this gem. Without it, the album would sound like that of an acoustic troubadour rather than a grand creator coming down to greet his creation. Harrison had come a long way since his first released song, “Don’t Bother Me.”
The extra tracks on this provide evidence of Spector’s wall of sound. With the exception of “My Sweet Lord 2000” and an instrumental version of “Wah Wah”, they are a glimpse into the raw acoustic versions of a Spectorless All Things Must Pass. In “My Sweet Lord 2000” Harrison reminds us that he is still spiritual and still growing in his beliefs. No longer is the song simply an odd Christian-Hindu mix. Other religions such as Buddhism appear on “God’s Tree”. The production of the song takes us back to Harrison’s “Cloud 9”. It creates a bookend in a way for Harrison’s solo career. It began with “My Sweet Lord 1971” and unfortunately ended with “My Sweet Lord 2000”. Although his guitar style had changed his belief structure had changed relatively little.
Originally this was a three LP set. In CD form the Apple Jam session seems somewhat out of place. It may have been simple filler in those vinyl days as Harrison had exhausted his treasure chest of stored compositions.
Harrison dips his toe in the spiritual waters in this collection giving his audience reason to search for more. It is one of three Harrison offerings providing a look into his personal beliefs. Unfortunately the next two would shatter the myth that Harrison’s spirituality could meld with his music in harmony.
This album stands alone without resting on the foundation built by the Beatles. It is truly a timeless classic and an autobiography of an incredible life ended too soon.
Review Harrison had already proved his song writing worth as a Beatle during their final few years, a growth that culminated in his two dazzling contributions to “Abbey Road”. Even so, it came as something of a surprise when his first proper solo work, the triple-album set “All Things Must Pass”, managed to both artistically and commercially outshine the initial solo efforts of Lennon and (especially) McCartney, who had belittled his efforts while still in the group.
Drawing from an enormous back catalog of rejected Beatle tracks (a list so huge that outside of the 16 which made it onto the album, a further 10 or so–including such gems as “Beautiful Girl”, “Mother Divine” and “I Live For You”–remained in the vaults), the dark horse and his willing co-producer Phil Spector fashioned an album of monumental reach, epic scope and lilting emotional beauty which, thirty years later, remains not only Harrison’s crowning achievement but arguably still the best album from an ex-Fab.
Tracks like “Beware Of Darkness”, “Run Of The Mill” and “Isn’t It A Pity” are fashioned out of spiritual lyrics, silky vocals and cosmic orchestral arrangments which combine to create music that relieved many a heroin addict from his or her affliction, so powerful was their effect. The album seemed effortless and instantly memorable, the third disc of somewhat plodding jam sessions being recognized for what it was (a free bonus not to be considered part of the actual album itself).
As Harrison states in the remaster’s new liner notes, he now wishes to re-do the songs sans the famous “wall of sound”; he gives us a sample of what he means with a rerecorded “My Sweet Lord”, which substitutes the strings for more gospel-ish backing vocals and intricate slide guitar work. The acoustic guitars still glisten, and while not an improvement over the original, it is worthwhile nonetheless. Thankfully, the glorious wall of sound is still there on all the old tracks, remastered to sound like the original vinyl for the first time (and perhaps even a bit better); fans have always complained that the mix of the album seemed a bit muddy, and this is as clear as its going to get.
I always thought the reverb to be essential to the sound of the album, and here it sounds better than ever. The rest of the bonus tracks are fine, although they could have put on more: “I Live For You” features a lilting pedal steel guitar part, while the acoustic demo for “Let It Down” is given an extra guitar overdub for maximum soothing effect. The “Apple Jam” sessions have been resequenced, and they do sound better in this context (the synth effects in “I Remember Jeep” come out best here).
As for the original brown cover being replaced by the concrete and nuclear reactors in the booklet–some say it’s Harrison being cynical, but cynicism is always the last refuge of the idealist, no?) Harrison’s cynicism here is best expressed as a little joke, as he says, although they still should’ve reprinted the original brown cover as well!
May 4, 2013 - Posted by Jerry | George Harrison All Things Must Pass | George Harrison, The Beatles
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SHAPIRO v. THOMPSON
SHAPIRO v. THOMPSON(1969)
Argued: May 1, 1968Decided: April 21, 1969
[ Footnote * ] Together with No. 33, Washington et al. v. Legrant et al., on appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, argued May 1, 1968, and No. 34, Reynolds et al. v. Smith et al., on appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, argued May 1-2, 1968, both reargued on October 23-24, 1968.
These appeals are from decisions of three-judge District Courts holding unconstitutional Connecticut, Pennsylvania, or District of Columbia statutory provisions which deny welfare assistance to persons who are residents and meet all other eligibility requirements except that they have not resided within the jurisdiction for at least a year immediately preceding their applications for assistance. Appellees' main contention on reargument is that the prohibition of benefits to residents of less than one year creates a classification which constitutes an invidious discrimination denying them equal protection of the laws. Appellants argue that the waiting period is needed to preserve the fiscal integrity of their public assistance programs, as persons who require welfare assistance during their first year of residence are likely to become continuing burdens on welfare programs. Appellants also seek to justify the classification as a permissible attempt to discourage indigents from entering a State solely to obtain larger benefits, and to distinguish between new and old residents on the basis of the tax contributions they have made to the community. Certain appellants rely in addition on the following administrative and related governmental objectives: facilitating the planning of welfare budgets, providing an objective test of residency, minimizing the opportunity for recipients fraudulently to receive payments from more than one jurisdiction, and encouraging early entry of new residents into the labor force. Connecticut and Pennsylvania also argue that Congress approved the imposition of the one-year requirement in 402 (b) of the Social Security Act. Held: [394 U.S. 618, 619]
1. The statutory prohibition of benefits to residents of less than a year creates a classification which denies equal protection of the laws because the interests allegedly served by the classification either may not constitutionally be promoted by government or are not compelling governmental interests. P. 627.
2. Since the Constitution guarantees the right of interstate movement, the purpose of deterring the migration of indigents into a State is impermissible and cannot serve to justify the classification created by the one-year waiting period. Pp. 629-631.
3. A State may no more try to fence out those indigents who seek higher welfare payments than it may try to fence out indigents generally. Pp. 631-632.
4. The classification may not be sustained as an attempt to distinguish between new and old residents on the basis of the contribution they have made to the community through the payment of taxes because the Equal Protection Clause prohibits the States from apportioning benefits or services on the basis of the past tax contributions of its citizens. Pp. 632-633.
5. In moving from jurisdiction to jurisdiction appellees were exercising a constitutional right, and any classification which penalizes the exercise of that right, unless shown to be necessary to promote a compelling governmental interest, is unconstitutional. P. 634.
6. Appellants do not use and have no need to use the one-year requirement for the administrative and governmental purposes suggested, and under the standard of a compelling state interest, that requirement clearly violates the Equal Protection Clause. Pp. 634-638.
7. Section 402 (b) of the Social Security Act does not render the waiting-period requirements constitutional. Pp. 638-641.
(a) That section on its face does not approve, much less prescribe, a one-year requirement, and the legislative history reveals that Congress' purpose was to curb hardships resulting from excessive residence requirements and not to approve or prescribe any waiting period. Pp. 639-640.
(b) Assuming, arguendo, that Congress did approve the use of a one-year waiting period, it is the responsive state legislation and not 402 (b) which infringes constitutional rights. P. 641.
(c) If the constitutionality of 402 (b) were at issue, that provision, insofar as it permits the one-year waiting period, would be unconstitutional, as Congress may not authorize the States to violate the Equal Protection Clause. P. 641. [394 U.S. 618, 620]
8. The waiting-period requirement in the District of Columbia Code, adopted by Congress as an exercise of federal power, is an unconstitutional discrimination which violates the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. Pp. 641-642.
No. 9, 270 F. Supp. 331; No. 33, 279 F. Supp. 22; and No. 34, 277 F. Supp. 65, affirmed.
Francis J. MacGregor, Assistant Attorney General of Connecticut, argued the cause for appellant in No. 9 on the original argument and on the reargument. With him on the brief on the original argument was Robert K. Killian, Attorney General. Richard W. Barton argued the cause for appellants in No. 33 on the original argument and on the reargument. With him on the brief on the original argument were Charles T. Duncan and Hubert B. Pair. William C. Sennett, Attorney General of Pennsylvania, argued the cause for appellants in No. 34 on the original argument and on the reargument. With him on the brief on the reargument was Edgar R. Casper, Deputy Attorney General, and on the original argument were Mr. Casper and Edward Friedman.
Archibald Cox argued the cause for appellees in all three cases on the reargument. With him on the brief were Peter S. Smith and Howard Lesnick. Brian L. Hollander argued the cause pro hac vice for appellee in No. 9 on the original argument. With him on the brief were Norman Dorsen and William D. Graham. Mr. Smith argued the cause for appellees in No. 33 on the original argument. With him on the brief were Joel J. Rabin, Jonathan Weiss, and Joseph F. Dugan. Thomas K. Gilhool argued the cause pro hac vice for appellees in No. 34 on the original argument. With him on the brief were Harvey N. Schmidt, Paul Bender, and Mr. Lesnick.
Lorna Lawhead Williams, Special Assistant Attorney General, argued the cause for the State of Iowa as amicus curiae in support of appellants in all three cases on the original argument and on the reargument. With [394 U.S. 618, 621] her on the briefs on the original argument was Richard C. Turner, Attorney General.
Briefs of amici curiae in support of appellant in No. 9 were filed by David P. Buckson, Attorney General, and Ruth M. Ferrell, Deputy Attorney General, for the State of Delaware; by William B. Saxbe, Attorney General, Winifred A. Dunton, Assistant Attorney General, and Charles S. Lopeman for the State of Ohio; by Crawford C. Martin, Attorney General, Nola White, First Assistant Attorney General, A. J. Carubbi, Jr., Executive Assistant Attorney General, and J. C. Davis, John Reeves, and Pat Bailey, Assistant Attorneys General, for the State of Texas; and by Thomas C. Lynch, Attorney General, and Elizabeth Palmer, Deputy Attorney General, for the State of California.
Briefs of amici curiae in support of appellee in No. 9 were filed by Arthur L. Schiff for Bexar County Legal Aid Association; by Eugene M. Swann for the Legal Aid Society of Alameda County; and by A. L. Wirin, Fred Okrand, Laurence R. Sperber, and Melvin L. Wulf for the American Civil Liberties Union et al. Brief of amicus curiae in support of appellees in No. 33 was filed by John F. Nagle for the National Federation of the Blind. Briefs of amici curiae in support of appellees in all three cases were filed by J. Lee Rankin and Stanley Buchsbaum for the City of New York; by Joseph B. Robison, Carlos Israels, and Carl Rachlin for the American Jewish Congress et al.; and by Charles L. Hellman and Leah Marks for the Center on Social Welfare Policy and Law et al.
MR. JUSTICE BRENNAN delivered the opinion of the Court.
These three appeals were restored to the calendar for reargument. 392 U.S. 920 (1968). Each is an appeal from a decision of a three-judge District Court holding [394 U.S. 618, 622] unconstitutional a State or District of Columbia statutory provision which denies welfare assistance to residents of the State or District who have not resided within their jurisdictions for at least one year immediately preceding their applications for such assistance. 1 We affirm the judgments of the District Courts in the three cases.
In No. 9, the Connecticut Welfare Department invoked 17-2d of the Connecticut General Statutes 2 to [394 U.S. 618, 623] deny the application of appellee Vivian Marie Thompson for assistance under the program for Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). She was a 19-year-old unwed mother of one child and pregnant with her second child when she changed her residence in June 1966 from Dorchester, Massachusetts, to Hartford, Connecticut, to live with her mother, a Hartford resident. She moved to her own apartment in Hartford in August 1966, when her mother was no longer able to support her and her infant son. Because of her pregnancy, she was unable to work or enter a work training program. Her application for AFDC assistance, filed in August, was denied in November solely on the ground that, as required by 17-2d, she had not lived in the State for a year before her application was filed. She brought this action in the District Court for the District of Connecticut where a three-judge court, one judge dissenting, declared 17-2d unconstitutional. 270 F. Supp. 331 (1967). The majority held that the waiting-period requirement is unconstitutional because it "has a chilling effect on the right to travel." Id., at 336. The majority also held that the provision was a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment because the denial of relief to those resident in the State for less than a year is not based on any permissible purpose but is solely designed, as "Connecticut states quite frankly," "to protect its fisc by discouraging entry of those who come needing relief." Id., at 336-337. We noted probable jurisdiction. 389 U.S. 1032 (1968).
In No. 33, there are four appellees. Three of them - appellees Harrell, Brown, and Legrant - applied for and were denied AFDC aid. The fourth, appellee Barley, applied for and was denied benefits under the program for Aid to the Permanently and Totally Disabled. The denial in each case was on the ground that the applicant had not resided in the District of Columbia for one year [394 U.S. 618, 624] immediately preceding the filing of her application, as required by 3-203 of the District of Columbia Code. 3
Appellee Minnie Harrell, now deceased, had moved with her three children from New York to Washington in September 1966. She suffered from cancer and moved to be near members of her family who lived in Washington.
Appellee Barley, a former resident of the District of Columbia, returned to the District in March 1941 and was committed a month later to St. Elizabeths Hospital as mentally ill. She has remained in that hospital ever since. She was deemed eligible for release in 1965, and a plan was made to transfer her from the hospital to a foster home. The plan depended, however, upon Mrs. Barley's obtaining welfare assistance for her support. Her application for assistance under the program for Aid to the Permanently and Totally Disabled was denied because her time spent in the hospital did not count in determining compliance with the one-year requirement.
Appellee Brown lived with her mother and two of her three children in Fort Smith, Arkansas. Her third child was living with appellee Brown's father in the District of Columbia. When her mother moved from Fort Smith to Oklahoma, appellee Brown, in February 1966, returned to the District of Columbia where she had lived as a child. Her application for AFDC assistance was approved insofar as it sought assistance for the child who [394 U.S. 618, 625] had lived in the District with her father but was denied to the extent it sought assistance for the two other children.
Appellee Legrant moved with her two children from South Carolina to the District of Columbia in March 1967 after the death of her mother. She planned to live with a sister and brother in Washington. She was pregnant and in ill health when she applied for and was denied AFDC assistance in July 1967.
The several cases were consolidated for trial, and a three-judge District Court was convened. 4 The court, one judge dissenting, held 3-203 unconstitutional. 279 F. Supp. 22 (1967). The majority rested its decision on the ground that the one-year requirement was unconstitutional as a denial of the right to equal protection secured by the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. We noted probable jurisdiction. 390 U.S. 940 (1968).
In No. 34, there are two appellees, Smith and Foster, who were denied AFDC aid on the sole ground that they had not been residents of Pennsylvania for a year prior to their applications as required by 432 (6) of the [394 U.S. 618, 626] Pennsylvania Welfare Code. 5 Appellee Smith and her five minor children moved in December 1966 from Delaware to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where her father lived. Her father supported her and her children for several months until he lost his job. Appellee then applied for AFDC assistance and had received two checks when the aid was terminated. Appellee Foster, after living in Pennsylvania from 1953 to 1965, had moved with her four children to South Carolina to care for her grandfather and invalid grandmother and had returned to Pennsylvania in 1967. A three-judge District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, one judge dissenting, declared 432 (6) unconstitutional. 277 F. Supp. 65 (1967). The majority held that the classification established by the waiting-period requirement is "without rational basis and without legitimate purpose or function" and therefore a violation of the Equal Protection Clause. Id., at 67. The majority noted further that if the purpose of the statute was "to erect a barrier against the movement of indigent persons into the State or to [394 U.S. 618, 627] effect their prompt departure after they have gotten there," it would be "patently improper and its implementation plainly impermissible." Id., at 67-68. We noted probable jurisdiction. 390 U.S. 940 (1968).
There is no dispute that the effect of the waiting-period requirement in each case is to create two classes of needy resident families indistinguishable from each other except that one is composed of residents who have resided a year or more, and the second of residents who have resided less than a year, in the jurisdiction. On the basis of this sole difference the first class is granted and the second class is denied welfare aid upon which may depend the ability of the families to obtain the very means to subsist - food, shelter, and other necessities of life. In each case, the District Court found that appellees met the test for residence in their jurisdictions, as well as all other eligibility requirements except the requirement of residence for a full year prior to their applications. On reargument, appellees' central contention is that the statutory prohibition of benefits to residents of less than a year creates a classification which constitutes an invidious discrimination denying them equal protection of the laws. 6 We agree. The interests which appellants assert are promoted by the classification either may not constitutionally be promoted by government or are not compelling governmental interests.
Primarily, appellants justify the waiting-period requirement as a protective device to preserve the fiscal integrity of state public assistance programs. It is asserted that people who require welfare assistance during their first [394 U.S. 618, 628] year of residence in a State are likely to become continuing burdens on state welfare programs. Therefore, the argument runs, if such people can be deterred from entering the jurisdiction by denying them welfare benefits during the first year, state programs to assist long-time residents will not be impaired by a substantial influx of indigent newcomers. 7
There is weighty evidence that exclusion from the jurisdiction of the poor who need or may need relief was the specific objective of these provisions. In the Congress, sponsors of federal legislation to eliminate all residence requirements have been consistently opposed by representatives of state and local welfare agencies who have stressed the fears of the States that elimination of the requirements would result in a heavy influx of individuals into States providing the most generous benefits. See, e. g., Hearings on H. R. 10032 before the House Committee on Ways and Means, 87th Cong., 2d Sess., 309-310, 644 (1962); Hearings on H. R. 6000 before the Senate Committee on Finance, 81st Cong., [394 U.S. 618, 629] 2d Sess., 324-327 (1950). The sponsor of the Connecticut requirement said in its support: "I doubt that Connecticut can and should continue to allow unlimited migration into the state on the basis of offering instant money and permanent income to all who can make their way to the state regardless of their ability to contribute to the economy." H. B. 82, Connecticut General Assembly House Proceedings, February Special Session, 1965, Vol. II, pt. 7, p. 3504. In Pennsylvania, shortly after the enactment of the one-year requirement, the Attorney General issued an opinion construing the one-year requirement strictly because "[a]ny other conclusion would tend to attract the dependents of other states to our Commonwealth." 1937-1938 Official Opinions of the Attorney General, No. 240, p. 110. In the District of Columbia case, the constitutionality of 3-203 was frankly defended in the District Court and in this Court on the ground that it is designed to protect the jurisdiction from an influx of persons seeking more generous public assistance than might be available elsewhere.
We do not doubt that the one-year waiting-period device is well suited to discourage the influx of poor families in need of assistance. An indigent who desires to migrate, resettle, find a new job, and start a new life will doubtless hesitate if he knows that he must risk making the move without the possibility of falling back on state welfare assistance during his first year of residence, when his need may be most acute. But the purpose of inhibiting migration by needy persons into the State is constitutionally impermissible.
This Court long ago recognized that the nature of our Federal Union and our constitutional concepts of personal liberty unite to require that all citizens be free to travel throughout the length and breadth of our land uninhibited by statutes, rules, or regulations which unreasonably burden or restrict this movement. That [394 U.S. 618, 630] proposition was early stated by Chief Justice Taney in the Passenger Cases, 7 How. 283, 492 (1849):
"For all the great purposes for which the Federal government was formed, we are one people, with one common country. We are all citizens of the United States; and, as members of the same community, must have the right to pass and repass through every part of it without interruption, as freely as in our own States."
We have no occasion to ascribe the source of this right to travel interstate to a particular constitutional provision. 8 It suffices that, as MR. JUSTICE STEWART said for the Court in United States v. Guest, 383 U.S. 745, 757 -758 (1966):
"The constitutional right to travel from one State to another . . . occupies a position fundamental to the concept of our Federal Union. It is a right that has been firmly established and repeatedly recognized.
". . . [T]he right finds no explicit mention in the Constitution. The reason, it has been suggested, is [394 U.S. 618, 631] that a right so elementary was conceived from the beginning to be a necessary concomitant of the stronger Union the Constitution created. In any event, freedom to travel throughout the United States has long been recognized as a basic right under the Constitution."
Thus, the purpose of deterring the in-migration of indigents cannot serve as justification for the classification created by the one-year waiting period, since that purpose is constitutionally impermissible. If a law has "no other purpose . . . than to chill the assertion of constitutional rights by penalizing those who choose to exercise them, then it [is] patently unconstitutional." United States v. Jackson, 390 U.S. 570, 581 (1968).
Alternatively, appellants argue that even if it is impermissible for a State to attempt to deter the entry of all indigents, the challenged classification may be justified as a permissible state attempt to discourage those indigents who would enter the State solely to obtain larger benefits. We observe first that none of the statutes before us is tailored to serve that objective. Rather, the class of barred newcomers is all-inclusive, lumping the great majority who come to the State for other purposes with those who come for the sole purpose of collecting higher benefits. In actual operation, therefore, the three statutes enact what in effect are nonrebuttable presumptions that every applicant for assistance in his first year of residence came to the jurisdiction solely to obtain higher benefits. Nothing whatever in any of these records supplies any basis in fact for such a presumption.
More fundamentally, a State may no more try to fence out those indigents who seek higher welfare benefits than it may try to fence out indigents generally. Implicit in any such distinction is the notion that indigents who enter a State with the hope of securing higher welfare benefits are somehow less deserving than indigents who do not [394 U.S. 618, 632] take this consideration into account. But we do not perceive why a mother who is seeking to make a new life for herself and her children should be regarded as less deserving because she considers, among others factors, the level of a State's public assistance. Surely such a mother is no less deserving than a mother who moves into a particular State in order to take advantage of its better educational facilities.
Appellants argue further that the challenged classification may be sustained as an attempt to distinguish between new and old residents on the basis of the contribution they have made to the community through the payment of taxes. We have difficulty seeing how longterm residents who qualify for welfare are making a greater present contribution to the State in taxes than indigent residents who have recently arrived. If the argument is based on contributions made in the past by the long-term residents, there is some question, as a factual matter, whether this argument is applicable in Pennsylvania where the record suggests that some 40% of those denied public assistance because of the waiting period had lengthy prior residence in the State. 9 But we need not rest on the particular facts of these cases. Appellants' reasoning would logically permit the State to bar new residents from schools, parks, and libraries or deprive them of police and fire protection. Indeed it would permit the State to apportion all benefits and services according to the past tax contributions of its [394 U.S. 618, 633] citizens. The Equal Protection Clause prohibits such an apportionment of state services. 10
We recognize that a State has a valid interest in preserving the fiscal integrity of its programs. It may legitimately attempt to limit its expenditures, whether for public assistance, public education, or any other program. But a State may not accomplish such a purpose by invidious distinctions between classes of its citizens. It could not, for example, reduce expenditures for education by barring indigent children from its schools. Similarly, in the cases before us, appellants must do more than show that denying welfare benefits to new residents saves money. The saving of welfare costs cannot justify an otherwise invidious classification. 11
In sum, neither deterrence of indigents from migrating to the State nor limitation of welfare benefits to those regarded as contributing to the State is a constitutionally permissible state objective.
Appellants next advance as justification certain administrative and related governmental objectives allegedly served by the waiting-period requirement. 12 They argue [394 U.S. 618, 634] that the requirement (1) facilitates the planning of the welfare budget; (2) provides an objective test of residency; (3) minimizes the opportunity for recipients fraudulently to receive payments from more than one jurisdiction; and (4) encourages early entry of new residents into the labor force.
At the outset, we reject appellants' argument that a mere showing of a rational relationship between the waiting period and these four admittedly permissible state objectives will suffice to justify the classification. See Lindsley v. Natural Carbonic Gas Co., 220 U.S. 61, 78 (1911); Flemming v. Nestor, 363 U.S. 603, 611 (1960); McGowan v. Maryland, 366 U.S. 420, 426 (1961). The waiting-period provision denies welfare benefits to otherwise eligible applicants solely because they have recently moved into the jurisdiction. But in moving from State to State or to the District of Columbia appellees were exercising a constitutional right, and any classification which serves to penalize the exercise of that right, unless shown to be necessary to promote a compelling governmental interest, is unconstitutional. Cf. Skinner v. Oklahoma, 316 U.S. 535, 541 (1942); Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214, 216 (1944); Bates v. Little Rock, 361 U.S. 516, 524 (1960); Sherbert v. Verner, 374 U.S. 398, 406 (1963).
The argument that the waiting-period requirement facilitates budget predictability is wholly unfounded. The records in all three cases are utterly devoid of evidence that either State or the District of Columbia in fact uses the one-year requirement as a means to predict the number of people who will require assistance in the budget year. None of the appellants takes a census of new residents or collects any other data that would reveal the number of newcomers in the State less than a year. [394 U.S. 618, 635] Nor are new residents required to give advance notice of their need for welfare assistance. 13 Thus, the welfare authorities cannot know how many new residents come into the jurisdiction in any year, much less how many of them will require public assistance. In these circumstances, there is simply no basis for the claim that the one-year waiting requirement serves the purpose of making the welfare budget more predictable. In Connecticut and Pennsylvania the irrelevance of the one-year requirement to budgetary planning is further underscored by the fact that temporary, partial assistance is given to some new residents 14 and full assistance is given to other new residents under reciprocal agreements. 15 Finally, the claim that a one-year waiting requirement is used for planning purposes is plainly belied by the fact that the requirement is not also imposed on applicants who are long-term residents, the group that receives the bulk of welfare payments. In short, the States rely on methods other than the one-year requirement to make budget estimates. In No. 34, the Director of the Pennsylvania Bureau of Assistance Policies and Standards testified that, based on experience in Pennsylvania and elsewhere, her office had already estimated how much the elimination of the one-year requirement would cost and that the estimates of costs of other changes in regulations "have proven exceptionally accurate." [394 U.S. 618, 636]
The argument that the waiting period serves as an administratively efficient rule of thumb for determining residency similarly will not withstand scrutiny. The residence requirement and the one-year waiting-period requirement are distinct and independent prerequisites for assistance under these three statutes, and the facts relevant to the determination of each are directly examined by the welfare authorities. 16 Before granting an application, the welfare authorities investigate the applicant's employment, housing, and family situation and in the course of the inquiry necessarily learn the facts upon which to determine whether the applicant is a resident. 17 [394 U.S. 618, 637]
Similarly, there is no need for a State to use the one-year waiting period as a safeguard against fraudulent receipt of benefits; 18 for less drastic means are available, and are employed, to minimize that hazard. Of course, a State has a valid interest in preventing fraud by any applicant, whether a newcomer or a long-time resident. It is not denied, however, that the investigations now conducted entail inquiries into facts relevant to that subject. In addition, cooperation among state welfare departments is common. The District of Columbia, for example, provides interim assistance to its former residents who have moved to a State which has a waiting period. As a matter of course, District officials send a letter to the welfare authorities in the recipient's new community "to request the information needed to continue assistance." 19 A like procedure would be an effective safeguard against the hazard of double payments. Since double payments can be prevented by a letter or a telephone call, it is unreasonable to accomplish this objective by the blunderbuss method of denying assistance to all indigent newcomers for an entire year.
Pennsylvania suggests that the one-year waiting period is justified as a means of encouraging new residents to join the labor force promptly. But this logic would also require a similar waiting period for long-term residents of the State. A state purpose to encourage employment [394 U.S. 618, 638] provides no rational basis for imposing a one-year waiting-period restriction on new residents only.
We conclude therefore that appellants in these cases do not use and have no need to use the one-year requirement for the governmental purposes suggested. Thus, even under traditional equal protection tests a classification of welfare applicants according to whether they have lived in the State for one year would seem irrational and unconstitutional. 20 But, of course, the traditional criteria do not apply in these cases. Since the classification here touches on the fundamental right of interstate movement, its constitutionality must be judged by the stricter standard of whether it promotes a compelling state interest. Under this standard, the waiting-period requirement clearly violates the Equal Protection Clause. 21
Connecticut and Pennsylvania argue, however, that the constitutional challenge to the waiting-period requirements must fail because Congress expressly approved the imposition of the requirement by the States as part of the jointly funded AFDC program.
Section 402 (b) of the Social Security Act of 1935, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 602 (b), provides that:
"The Secretary shall approve any [state assistance] plan which fulfills the conditions specified in subsection [394 U.S. 618, 639] (a) of this section, except that he shall not approve any plan which imposes as a condition of eligibility for aid to families with dependent children, a residence requirement which denies aid with respect to any child residing in the State (1) who has resided in the State for one year immediately preceding the application for such aid, or (2) who was born within one year immediately preceding the application, if the parent or other relative with whom the child is living has resided in the State for one year immediately preceding the birth."
On its face, the statute does not approve, much less prescribe, a one-year requirement. It merely directs the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare not to disapprove plans submitted by the States because they include such a requirement. 22 The suggestion that Congress enacted that directive to encourage state participation in the AFDC program is completely refuted by the legislative history of the section. That history discloses that Congress enacted the directive to curb hardships resulting from lengthy residence requirements. Rather than constituting an approval or a prescription of the requirement in state plans, the directive was the means chosen by Congress to deny federal funding to any State which persisted in stipulating excessive residence requirements as a condition of the payment of benefits.
One year before the Social Security Act was passed, 20 of the 45 States which had aid to dependent children programs required residence in the State for two or more years. Nine other States required two or more years of [394 U.S. 618, 640] residence in a particular town or county. And 33 jurisdictions required at least one year of residence in a particular town or county. 23 Congress determined to combat this restrictionist policy. Both the House and Senate Committee Reports expressly stated that the objective of 402 (b) was to compel "[l]iberality of residence requirement." 24 Not a single instance can be found in the debates or committee reports supporting the contention that 402 (b) was enacted to encourage participation by the States in the AFDC program. To the contrary, those few who addressed themselves to waiting-period requirements emphasized that participation would depend on a State's repeal or drastic revision of existing requirements. A congressional demand on 41 States to repeal or drastically revise offending statutes is hardly a way to enlist their cooperation. 25 [394 U.S. 618, 641]
But even if we were to assume, arguendo, that Congress did approve the imposition of a one-year waiting period, it is the responsive state legislation which infringes constitutional rights. By itself 402 (b) has absolutely no restrictive effect. It is therefore not that statute but only the state requirements which pose the constitutional question.
Finally, even if it could be argued that the constitutionality of 402 (b) is somehow at issue here, it follows from what we have said that the provision, insofar as it permits the one-year waiting-period requirement, would be unconstitutional. Congress may not authorize the States to violate the Equal Protection Clause. Perhaps Congress could induce wider state participation in school construction if it authorized the use of joint funds for the building of segregated schools. But could it seriously be contended that Congress would be constitutionally justified in such authorization by the need to secure state cooperation? Congress is without power to enlist state cooperation in a joint federal-state program by legislation which authorizes the States to violate the Equal Protection Clause. Katzenbach v. Morgan, 384 U.S. 641, 651 , n. 10 (1966).
The waiting-period requirement in the District of Columbia Code involved in No. 33 is also unconstitutional even though it was adopted by Congress as an exercise of federal power. In terms of federal power, the discrimination created by the one-year requirement violates the Due [394 U.S. 618, 642] Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. "[W]hile the Fifth Amendment contains no equal protection clause, it does forbid discrimination that is `so unjustifiable as to be violative of due process.'" Schneider v. Rusk, 377 U.S. 163, 168 (1964); Bolling v. Sharpe, 347 U.S. 497 (1954). For the reasons we have stated in invalidating the Pennsylvania and Connecticut provisions, the District of Columbia provision is also invalid - the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment prohibits Congress from denying public assistance to poor persons otherwise eligible solely on the ground that they have not been residents of the District of Columbia for one year at the time their applications are filed.
Accordingly, the judgments in Nos. 9, 33, and 34 are
[ Footnote 1 ] Accord: Robertson v. Ott, 284 F. Supp. 735 (D.C. Mass. 1968); Johnson v. Robinson, Civil No. 67-1883 (D.C. N. D. Ill., Feb. 20, 1968); Ramos v. Health and Social Services Bd., 276 F. Supp. 474 (D.C. E. D. Wis. 1967); Green v. Dept. of Pub. Welfare, 270 F. Supp. 173 (D.C. Del. 1967). Contra: Waggoner v. Rosenn, 286 F. Supp. 275 (D.C. M. D. Pa. 1968); see also People ex rel. Heydenreich v. Lyons, 374 Ill. 557, 30 N. E. 2d 46 (1940).
All but one of the appellees herein applied for assistance under the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program which was established by the Social Security Act of 1935. 49 Stat. 627, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 601-609. The program provides partial federal funding of state assistance plans which meet certain specifications. One appellee applied for Aid to the Permanently and Totally Disabled which is also jointly funded by the States and the Federal Government. 42 U.S.C. 1351-1355.
[ Footnote 2 ] Conn. Gen. Stat. Rev. 17-2d (1965 Supp.), now 17-2c, provides:
"When any person comes into this state without visible means of support for the immediate future and applies for aid to dependent children under chapter 301 or general assistance under part I of chapter 308 within one year from his arrival, such person shall be eligible only for temporary aid or care until arrangements are made for his return, provided ineligibility for aid to dependent children shall not continue beyond the maximum federal residence requirement."
An exception is made for those persons who come to Connecticut with a bona fide job offer or are self-supporting upon arrival in the State and for three months thereafter. 1 Conn. Welfare Manual, c. II, 219.1-219.2 (1966).
[ Footnote 3 ] D.C. Code Ann. 3-203 (1967) provides:
"Public assistance shall be awarded to or on behalf of any needy individual who either (a) has resided in the District for one year immediately preceding the date of filing his application for such assistance; or (b) who was born within one year immediately preceding the application for such aid, if the parent or other relative with whom the child is living has resided in the District for one year immediately preceding the birth; or (c) is otherwise within one of the categories of public assistance established by this chapter." See D.C. Handbook of Pub. Assistance Policies and Procedures, HPA-2, EL 9.1, I, III (1966) (hereinafter cited as D.C. Handbook).
[ Footnote 4 ] In Ex parte Cogdell, 342 U.S. 163 (1951), this Court remanded to the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit to determine whether 28 U.S.C. 2282, requiring a three-judge court when the constitutionality of an Act of Congress is challenged, applied to Acts of Congress pertaining solely to the District of Columbia. The case was mooted below, and the question has never been expressly resolved. However, in Berman v. Parker, 348 U.S. 26 (1954), this Court heard an appeal from a three-judge court in a case involving the constitutionality of a District of Columbia statute. Moreover, three-judge district courts in the District of Columbia have continued to hear cases involving such statutes. See, e. g., Hobson v. Hansen, 265 F. Supp. 902 (1967). Section 2282 requires a three-judge court to hear a challenge to the constitutionality of "any Act of Congress." (Emphasis supplied.) We see no reason to make an exception for Acts of Congress pertaining to the District of Columbia.
[ Footnote 5 ] Pa. Stat., Tit. 62, 432 (6) (1968). See also Pa. Pub. Assistance Manual 3150-3151 (1962). Section 432 (6) provides:
"Assistance may be granted only to or in behalf of a person residing in Pennsylvania who (i) has resided therein for at least one year immediately preceding the date of application; (ii) last resided in a state which, by law, regulation or reciprocal agreement with Pennsylvania, grants public assistance to or in behalf of a person who has resided in such state for less than one year; (iii) is a married woman residing with a husband who meets the requirement prescribed in subclause (i) or (ii) of this clause; or (iv) is a child less than one year of age whose parent, or relative with whom he is residing, meets the requirement prescribed in subclause (i), (ii) or (iii) of this clause or resided in Pennsylvania for at least one year immediately preceding the child's birth. Needy persons who do not meet any of the requirements stated in this clause and who are transients or without residence in any state, may be granted assistance in accordance with rules, regulations, and standards established by the department."
[ Footnote 6 ] This constitutional challenge cannot be answered by the argument that public assistance benefits are a "privilege" and not a "right." See Sherbert v. Verner, 374 U.S. 398, 404 (1963).
[ Footnote 7 ] The waiting-period requirement has its antecedents in laws prevalent in England and the American Colonies centuries ago which permitted the ejection of individuals and families if local authorities thought they might become public charges. For example, the preamble of the English Law of Settlement and Removal of 1662 expressly recited the concern, also said to justify the three statutes before us, that large numbers of the poor were moving to parishes where more liberal relief policies were in effect. See generally Coll, Perspectives in Public Welfare: The English Heritage, 4 Welfare in Review, No. 3, p. 1 (1966). The 1662 law and the earlier Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601 were the models adopted by the American Colonies. Newcomers to a city, town, or county who might become public charges were "warned out" or "passed on" to the next locality. Initially, the funds for welfare payments were raised by local taxes, and the controversy as to responsibility for particular indigents was between localities in the same State. As States - first alone and then with federal grants - assumed the major responsibility, the contest of nonresponsibility became interstate.
[ Footnote 8 ] In Corfield v. Coryell, 6 F. Cas. 546, 552 (No. 3230) (C. C. E. D. Pa. 1825), Paul v. Virginia, 8 Wall. 168, 180 (1869), and Ward v. Maryland, 12 Wall. 418, 430 (1871), the right to travel interstate was grounded upon the Privileges and Immunities Clause of Art. IV, 2. See also Slaughter-House Cases, 16 Wall. 36, 79 (1873); Twining v. New Jersey, 211 U.S. 78, 97 (1908). In Edwards v. California, 314 U.S. 160, 181 , 183-185 (1941) (DOUGLAS and Jackson, JJ., concurring), and Twining v. New Jersey, supra, reliance was placed on the Privileges and Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. See also Crandall v. Nevada, 6 Wall. 35 (1868). In Edwards v. California, supra, and the Passenger Cases, 7 How. 283 (1849), a Commerce Clause approach was employed.
See also Kent v. Dulles, 357 U.S. 116, 125 (1958); Aptheker v. Secretary of State, 378 U.S. 500, 505 -506 (1964); Zemel v. Rusk, 381 U.S. 1, 14 (1965), where the freedom of Americans to travel outside the country was grounded upon the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment.
[ Footnote 9 ] Furthermore, the contribution rationale can hardly explain why the District of Columbia and Pennsylvania bar payments to children who have not lived in the jurisdiction for a year regardless of whether the parents have lived in the jurisdiction for that period. See D.C. Code 3-203; D.C. Handbook, EL 9.1, I (C) (1966); Pa. Stat., Tit. 62, 432 (6) (1968). Clearly, the children who were barred would not have made a contribution during that year.
[ Footnote 10 ] We are not dealing here with state insurance programs which may legitimately tie the amount of benefits to the individual's contributions.
[ Footnote 11 ] In Rinaldi v. Yeager, 384 U.S. 305 (1966), New Jersey attempted to reduce expenditures by requiring prisoners who took an unsuccessful appeal to reimburse the State out of their institutional earnings for the cost of furnishing a trial transcript. This Court held the New Jersey statute unconstitutional because it did not require similar repayments from unsuccessful appellants given a suspended sentence, placed on probation, or sentenced only to a fine. There was no rational basis for the distinction between unsuccessful appellants who were in prison and those who were not.
[ Footnote 12 ] Appellant in No. 9, the Connecticut Welfare Commissioner, disclaims any reliance on this contention. In No. 34, the District [394 U.S. 618, 634] Court found as a fact that the Pennsylvania requirement served none of the claimed functions. 277 F. Supp. 65, 68 (1967).
[ Footnote 13 ] Of course, such advance notice would inevitably be unreliable since some who registered would not need welfare a year later while others who did not register would need welfare.
[ Footnote 14 ] See Conn. Gen. Stat. Rev. 17-2d, now 17-2c, and Pa. Pub. Assistance Manual 3154 (1968).
[ Footnote 15 ] Both Connecticut and Pennsylvania have entered into openended interstate compacts in which they have agreed to eliminate the durational requirement for anyone who comes from another State which has also entered into the compact. Conn. Gen. Stat. Rev. 17-21a (1968); Pa. Pub. Assistance Manual 3150, App. I (1966).
[ Footnote 16 ] In Pennsylvania, the one-year waiting-period requirement, but not the residency requirement, is waived under reciprocal agreements. Pa. Stat., Tit. 62, 432 (6) (1968); Pa. Pub. Assistance Manual 3151.21 (1962).
1 Conn. Welfare Manual, c. II, 220 (1966), provides that "[r]esidence within the state shall mean that the applicant is living in an established place of abode and the plan is to remain." A person who meets this requirement does not have to wait a year for assistance if he entered the State with a bona fide job offer or with sufficient funds to support himself without welfare for three months. Id., at 219.2.
HEW Handbook of Pub. Assistance Administration, pt. IV, 3650 (1946), clearly distinguishes between residence and duration of residence. It defines residence, as is conventional, in terms of intent to remain in the jurisdiction, and it instructs interviewers that residence and length of residence "are two distinct aspects . . . ."
[ Footnote 17 ] See, e. g., D.C. Handbook, chapters on Eligibility Payments, Requirements, Resources, and Reinvestigation for an indication of how thorough these investigations are. See also 1 Conn. Welfare Manual, c. I (1967); Pa. Pub. Assistance Manual 3170-3330 (1962).
The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare has proposed the elimination of individual investigations, except for spot checks, and the substitution of a declaration system, under which the "agency accepts the statements of the applicant for or recipient of assistance, about facts that are within his knowledge and competence . . . as a basis for decisions regarding his eligibility and extent of entitlement." HEW, Determination of Eligibility for Public [394 U.S. 618, 637] Assistance Programs, 33 Fed. Reg. 17189 (1968). See also Hoshino, Simplification of the Means Test and its Consequences, 41 Soc. Serv. Rev. 237, 241-249 (1967); Burns, What's Wrong With Public Welfare?, 36 Soc. Serv. Rev. 111, 114-115 (1962). Presumably the statement of an applicant that he intends to remain in the jurisdiction would be accepted under a declaration system.
[ Footnote 18 ] The unconcern of Connecticut and Pennsylvania with the one-year requirement as a means of preventing fraud is made apparent by the waiver of the requirement in reciprocal agreements with other States. See n. 15, supra.
[ Footnote 19 ] D.C. Handbook, RV 2.1, I, II (B) (1967). See also Pa. Pub. Assistance Manual 3153 (1962).
[ Footnote 20 ] Under the traditional standard, equal protection is denied only if the classification is "without any reasonable basis," Lindsley v. Natural Carbonic Gas Co., 220 U.S. 61, 78 (1911); see also Flemming v. Nestor, 363 U.S. 603 (1960).
[ Footnote 21 ] We imply no view of the validity of waiting-period or residence requirements determining eligibility to vote, eligibility for tuitionfree education, to obtain a license to practice a profession, to hunt or fish, and so forth. Such requirements may promote compelling state interests on the one hand, or, on the other, may not be penalties upon the exercise of the constitutional right of interstate travel.
[ Footnote 22 ] As of 1964, 11 jurisdictions imposed no residence requirement whatever for AFDC assistance. They were Alaska, Georgia, Hawaii, Kentucky, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. See HEW, Characteristics of State Public Assistance Plans under the Social Security Act (Pub. Assistance Rep. No. 50, 1964 ed.).
[ Footnote 23 ] Social Security Board, Social Security in America 235-236 (1937).
[ Footnote 24 ] H. R. Rep. No. 615, 74th Cong., 1st Sess., 24; S. Rep. No. 628, 74th Cong., 1st Sess., 35. Furthermore, the House Report cited President Roosevelt's statement in his Social Security Message that "People want decent homes to live in; they want to locate them where they can engage in productive work . . . ." H. R. Rep., supra, at 2. Clearly this was a call for greater freedom of movement.
In addition to the statement in the above Committee report, see the remarks of Rep. Doughton (floor manager of the Social Security bill in the House) and Rep. Vinson. 79 Cong. Rec. 5474, 5602-5603 (1935). These remarks were made in relation to the waiting-period requirements for old-age assistance, but they apply equally to the AFDC program.
[ Footnote 25 ] Section 402 (b) required the repeal of 30 state statutes which imposed too long a waiting period in the State or particular town or county and 11 state statutes (as well as the Hawaii statute) which required residence in a particular town or county. See Social Security Board, Social Security in America 235-236 (1937).
It is apparent that Congress was not intimating any view of the constitutionality of a one-year limitation. The constitutionality of any scheme of federal social security legislation was a matter of [394 U.S. 618, 641] doubt at that time in light of the decision in Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, 295 U.S. 495 (1935). Throughout the House debates congressmen discussed the constitutionality of the fundamental taxing provisions of the Social Security Act, see, e. g., 79 Cong. Rec. 5783 (1935) (remarks of Rep. Cooper), but not once did they discuss the constitutionality of 402 (b).
MR. JUSTICE STEWART, concurring.
In joining the opinion of the Court, I add a word in response to the dissent of my Brother HARLAN, who, I think, has quite misapprehended what the Court's opinion says.
The Court today does not "pick out particular human activities, characterize them as `fundamental,' and give them added protection . . . ." To the contrary, the Court simply recognizes, as it must, an established constitutional right, and gives to that right no less protection than the Constitution itself demands.
"The constitutional right to travel from one State to another . . . has been firmly established and repeatedly recognized." United States v. Guest, 383 U.S. 745, 757 . This constitutional right, which, of course, includes the right of "entering and abiding in any State in the Union," Truax v. Raich, 239 U.S. 33, 39 , is not a mere conditional liberty subject to regulation and control under conventional [394 U.S. 618, 643] due process or equal protection standards. 1 "[T]he right to travel freely from State to State finds constitutional protection that is quite independent of the Fourteenth Amendment." United States v. Guest, supra, at 760, n. 17. 2 As we made clear in Guest, it is a right broadly assertable against private interference as well as governmental action. 3 Like the right of association, NAACP v. Alabama, 357 U.S. 449 , it is a virtually unconditional personal right, 4 guaranteed by the Constitution to us all.
It follows, as the Court says, that "the purpose of deterring the in-migration of indigents cannot serve as justification for the classification created by the one-year waiting period, since that purpose is constitutionally impermissible." And it further follows, as the Court says, that any other purposes offered in support of a [394 U.S. 618, 644] law that so clearly impinges upon the constitutional right of interstate travel must be shown to reflect a compelling governmental interest. This is necessarily true whether the impinging law be a classification statute to be tested against the Equal Protection Clause, or a state or federal regulatory law, to be tested against the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth or Fifth Amendment. As MR. JUSTICE HARLAN wrote for the Court more than a decade ago, "[T]o justify the deterrent effect . . . on the free exercise . . . of their constitutionally protected right . . . a `. . . subordinating interest of the State must be compelling.'" NAACP v. Alabama, supra, at 463.
The Court today, therefore, is not "contriving new constitutional principles." It is deciding these cases under the aegis of established constitutional law. 5
[ Footnote 1 ] By contrast, the "right" of international travel has been considered to be no more than an aspect of the "liberty" protected by the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. Kent v. Dulles, 357 U.S. 116, 125 ; Aptheker v. Secretary of State, 378 U.S. 500, 505 -506. As such, this "right," the Court has held, can be regulated within the bounds of due process. Zemel v. Rusk, 381 U.S. 1 .
[ Footnote 2 ] The constitutional right of interstate travel was fully recognized long before adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment. See the statement of Chief Justice Taney in the Passenger Cases, 7 How. 283, 492:
[ Footnote 3 ] MR. JUSTICE HARLAN was alone in dissenting from this square holding in Guest. Supra, at 762.
[ Footnote 4 ] The extent of emergency governmental power temporarily to prevent or control interstate travel, e. g., to a disaster area, need not be considered in these cases.
[ Footnote 5 ] It is to be remembered that the Court today affirms the judgments of three different federal district courts, and that at least four other federal courts have reached the same result. See ante, at 622, n. 1.
MR. CHIEF JUSTICE WARREN, with whom MR. JUSTICE BLACK joins, dissenting.
In my opinion the issue before us can be simply stated: May Congress, acting under one of its enumerated powers, impose minimal nationwide residence requirements or authorize the States to do so? Since I believe that Congress does have this power and has constitutionally exercised it in these cases, I must dissent.
The Court insists that 402 (b) of the Social Security Act "does not approve, much less prescribe, a one-year requirement." Ante, at 639. From its reading of the legislative history it concludes that Congress did not intend to authorize the States to impose residence requirements. [394 U.S. 618, 645] An examination of the relevant legislative materials compels, in my view, the opposite conclusion, i. e., Congress intended to authorize state residence requirements of up to one year.
The Great Depression of the 1930's exposed the inadequacies of state and local welfare programs and dramatized the need for federal participation in welfare assistance. See J. Brown, Public Relief 1929-1939 (1940). Congress determined that the Social Security Act, containing a system of unemployment and old-age insurance as well as the categorical assistance programs now at issue, was to be a major step designed to ameliorate the problems of economic insecurity. The primary purpose of the categorical assistance programs was to encourage the States to provide new and greatly enhanced welfare programs. See, e. g., S. Rep. No. 628, 74th Cong., 1st Sess., 5-6, 18-19 (1935); H. R. Rep. No. 615, 74th Cong., 1st Sess., 4 (1935). Federal aid would mean an immediate increase in the amount of benefits paid under state programs. But federal aid was to be conditioned upon certain requirements so that the States would remain the basic administrative units of the welfare system and would be unable to shift the welfare burden to local governmental units with inadequate financial resources. See Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations, Statutory and Administrative Controls Associated with Federal Grants for Public Assistance 9-26 (1964). Significantly, the categories of assistance programs created by the Social Security Act corresponded to those already in existence in a number of States. See J. Brown, Public Relief 1929-1939, at 26-32. Federal entry into the welfare area can therefore be best described as a major experiment in "cooperative federalism," King v. Smith, 392 U.S. 309, 317 (1968), combining state and federal participation to solve the problems of the depression. [394 U.S. 618, 646]
Each of the categorical assistance programs contained in the Social Security Act allowed participating States to impose residence requirements as a condition of eligibility for benefits. Congress also imposed a one-year requirement for the categorical assistance programs operative in the District of Columbia. See H. R. Rep. No. 891, 74th Cong., 1st Sess. (1935) (old-age pensions); H. R. Rep. No. 201, 74th Cong., 1st Sess. (1935) (aid to the blind). The congressional decision to allow the States to impose residence requirements and to enact such a requirement for the District was the subject of considerable discussion. Both those favoring lengthy residence requirements 1 and those opposing all requirements 2 pleaded their case during the congressional hearings on the Social Security Act. Faced with the competing claims of States which feared that abolition of residence requirements would result in an influx of persons seeking higher welfare payments and of organizations which stressed the unfairness of such requirements to transient workers forced by the economic dislocation of the depression to seek work far from their homes, Congress chose a middle course. It required those States seeking federal grants for categorical assistance to reduce their existing residence requirements to what Congress viewed as an acceptable maximum. However, Congress accommodated state fears by allowing the States to retain minimal residence requirements.
Congress quickly saw evidence that the system of welfare assistance contained in the Social Security Act including residence requirements was operating to encourage States to expand and improve their categorical [394 U.S. 618, 647] assistance programs. For example, the Senate was told in 1939:
"The rapid expansion of the program for aid to dependent children in the country as a whole since 1935 stands in marked contrast to the relatively stable picture of mothers' aid in the preceding 4-year period from 1932 through 1935. The extension of the program during the last 3 years is due to Federal contributions which encouraged the matching of State and local funds." S. Rep. No. 734, 76th Cong., 1st Sess., 29 (1939).
The trend observed in 1939 continued as the States responded to the federal stimulus for improvement in the scope and amount of categorical assistance programs. See Wedemeyer & Moore, The American Welfare System, 54 Calif. L. Rev. 326, 347-356 (1966). Residence requirements have remained a part of this combined state-federal welfare program for 34 years. Congress has adhered to its original decision that residence requirements were necessary in the face of repeated attacks against these requirements. 3 The decision to retain residence requirements, combined with Congress' continuing desire to encourage wider state participation in categorical assistance programs, indicates to me that Congress has authorized the imposition by the States of residence requirements.
Congress has imposed a residence requirement in the District of Columbia and authorized the States to impose similar requirements. The issue before us must therefore be framed in terms of whether Congress may [394 U.S. 618, 648] create minimal residence requirements, not whether the States, acting alone, may do so. See Prudential Insurance Co. v. Benjamin, 328 U.S. 408 (1946); In re Rahrer, 140 U.S. 545 (1891). Appellees insist that a congressionally mandated residence requirement would violate their right to travel. The import of their contention is that Congress, even under its "plenary" 4 power to control interstate commerce, is constitutionally prohibited from imposing residence requirements. I reach a contrary conclusion for I am convinced that the extent of the burden on interstate travel when compared with the justification for its imposition requires the Court to uphold this exertion of federal power.
Congress, pursuant to its commerce power, has enacted a variety of restrictions upon interstate travel. It has taxed air and rail fares and the gasoline needed to power cars and trucks which move interstate. 26 U.S.C. 4261 (air fares); 26 U.S.C. 3469 (1952 ed.), repealed in part by Pub. L. 87-508, 5 (b), 76 Stat. 115 (rail fares); 26 U.S.C. 4081 (gasoline). Many of the federal safety regulations of common carriers which cross state lines burden the right to travel. 45 U.S.C. 1-43 (railroad safety appliances); 49 U.S.C. 1421 (air safety regulations). And Congress has prohibited by criminal statute interstate travel for certain purposes. E. g., 18 U.S.C. 1952. Although these restrictions operate as a limitation upon free interstate movement of persons, their constitutionality appears well settled. See Texas & Pacific R. Co. v. Rigsby, 241 U.S. 33, 41 (1916); Southern R. Co. v. United States, 222 U.S. 20 (1911); United States v. Zizzo, 338 F.2d 577 (C. A. 7th Cir., 1964), cert. denied, 381 U.S. 915 (1965). As the Court observed in Zemel v. Rusk, 381 U.S. 1, 14 (1965), "the fact that a liberty cannot be inhibited without due [394 U.S. 618, 649] process of law does not mean that it can under no circumstances be inhibited."
The Court's right-to-travel cases lend little support to the view that congressional action is invalid merely because it burdens the right to travel. Most of our cases fall into two categories: those in which state-imposed restrictions were involved, see, e. g., Edwards v. California, 314 U.S. 160 (1941); Crandall v. Nevada, 6 Wall. 35 (1868), and those concerning congressional decisions to remove impediments to interstate movement, see, e. g., United States v. Guest, 383 U.S. 745 (1966). Since the focus of our inquiry must be whether Congress would exceed permissible bounds by imposing residence requirements, neither group of cases offers controlling principles.
In only three cases have we been confronted with an assertion that Congress has impermissibly burdened the right to travel. Kent v. Dulles, 357 U.S. 116 (1958), did invalidate a burden on the right to travel; however, the restriction was voided on the nonconstitutional basis that Congress did not intend to give the Secretary of State power to create the restriction at issue. Zemel v. Rusk, supra, on the other hand, sustained a flat prohibition of travel to certain designated areas and rejected an attack that Congress could not constitutionally impose this restriction. Aptheker v. Secretary of State, 378 U.S. 500 (1964), is the only case in which this Court invalidated on a constitutional basis a congressionally imposed restriction. Aptheker also involved a flat prohibition but in combination with a claim that the congressional restriction compelled a potential traveler to choose between his right to travel and his First Amendment right of freedom of association. It was this Hobson's choice, we later explained, which forms the rationale of Aptheker. See Zemel v. Rusk, supra, at 16. Aptheker thus contains two characteristics distinguishing it from the appeals now before the Court: a combined [394 U.S. 618, 650] infringement of two constitutionally protected rights and a flat prohibition upon travel. Residence requirements do not create a flat prohibition, for potential welfare recipients may move from State to State and establish residence wherever they please. Nor is any claim made by appellees that residence requirements compel them to choose between the right to travel and another constitutional right.
Zemel v. Rusk, the most recent of the three cases, provides a framework for analysis. The core inquiry is "the extent of the governmental restriction imposed" and the "extent of the necessity for the restriction." Id., at 14. As already noted, travel itself is not prohibited. Any burden inheres solely in the fact that a potential welfare recipient might take into consideration the loss of welfare benefits for a limited period of time if he changes his residence. Not only is this burden of uncertain degree, 5 but appellees themselves assert there is evidence that few welfare recipients have in fact been deterred by residence requirements. See Harvith, The Constitutionality of Residence Tests for General and Categorical Assistance Programs, 54 Calif. L. Rev. 567, 615-618 (1966); Note, Residence Requirements in State Public Welfare Statutes, 51 Iowa L. Rev. 1080, 1083-1085 (1966).
The insubstantiality of the restriction imposed by residence requirements must then be evaluated in light of the possible congressional reasons for such requirements. See, e. g., McGowan v. Maryland, 366 U.S. 420, 425 -427 (1961). One fact which does emerge with clarity from the legislative history is Congress' belief that a program of cooperative federalism combining federal aid with [394 U.S. 618, 651] enhanced state participation would result in an increase in the scope of welfare programs and level of benefits. Given the apprehensions of many States that an increase in benefits without minimal residence requirements would result in an inability to provide an adequate welfare system, Congress deliberately adopted the intermediate course of a cooperative program. Such a program, Congress believed, would encourage the States to assume greater welfare responsibilities and would give the States the necessary financial support for such an undertaking. Our cases require only that Congress have a rational basis for finding that a chosen regulatory scheme is necessary to the furtherance of interstate commerce. See, e. g., Katzenbach v. McClung, 379 U.S. 294 (1964); Wickard v. Filburn, 317 U.S. 111 (1942). Certainly, a congressional finding that residence requirements allowed each State to concentrate its resources upon new and increased programs of rehabilitation ultimately resulting in an enhanced flow of commerce as the economic condition of welfare recipients progressively improved is rational and would justify imposition of residence requirements under the Commerce Clause. And Congress could have also determined that residence requirements fostered personal mobility. An individual no longer dependent upon welfare would be presented with an unfettered range of choices so that a decision to migrate could be made without regard to considerations of possible economic dislocation.
Appellees suggest, however, that Congress was not motivated by rational considerations. Residence requirements are imposed, they insist, for the illegitimate purpose of keeping poor people from migrating. Not only does the legislative history point to an opposite conclusion, but it also must be noted that "[i]nto the motives which induced members of Congress to [act] . . . this Court may not enquire." Arizona v. California, 283 U.S. 423, 455 (1931). We do not attribute [394 U.S. 618, 652] an impermissible purpose to Congress if the result would be to strike down an otherwise valid statute. United States v. O'Brien, 391 U.S. 367, 383 (1968); McCray v. United States, 195 U.S. 27, 56 (1904). Since the congressional decision is rational and the restriction on travel insubstantial, I conclude that residence requirements can be imposed by Congress as an exercise of its power to control interstate commerce consistent with the constitutionally guaranteed right to travel.
Without an attempt to determine whether any of Congress' enumerated powers would sustain residence requirements, the Court holds that congressionally imposed requirements violate the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. It thus suggests that, even if residence requirements would be a permissible exercise of the commerce power, they are "so unjustifiable as to be violative of due process." Ante, at 642. While the reasons for this conclusion are not fully explained, the Court apparently believes that, in the words of Bolling v. Sharpe, 347 U.S. 497, 500 (1954), residence requirements constitute "an arbitrary deprivation" of liberty.
If this is the import of the Court's opinion, then it seems to have departed from our precedents. We have long held that there is no requirement of uniformity when Congress acts pursuant to its commerce power. Sunshine Anthracite Coal Co. v. Adkins, 310 U.S. 381, 401 (1940); Currin v. Wallace, 306 U.S. 1, 13 -14 (1939). 6 I do not suggest that Congress is completely free when legislating under one of its enumerated powers to enact wholly arbitrary classifications, for Bolling v. Sharpe, supra, and Schneider v. Rusk, 377 U.S. 163 (1964), [394 U.S. 618, 653] counsel otherwise. Neither of these cases, however, is authority for invalidation of congressionally imposed residence requirements. The classification in Bolling required racial segregation in the public schools of the District of Columbia and was thus based upon criteria which we subject to the most rigid scrutiny. Loving v. Virginia, 388 U.S. 1, 11 (1967). Schneider involved an attempt to distinguish between native-born and naturalized citizens solely for administrative convenience. By authorizing residence requirements Congress acted not to facilitate an administrative function but to further its conviction that an impediment to the commercial life of this Nation would be removed by a program of cooperative federalism combining federal contributions with enhanced state benefits. Congress, not the courts, is charged with determining the proper prescription for a national illness. I cannot say that Congress is powerless to decide that residence requirements would promote this permissible goal and therefore must conclude that such requirements cannot be termed arbitrary.
The Court, after interpreting the legislative history in such a manner that the constitutionality of 402 (b) is not at issue, gratuitously adds that 402 (b) is unconstitutional. This method of approaching constitutional questions is sharply in contrast with the Court's approach in Street v. New York, ante, at 585-590. While in Street the Court strains to avoid the crucial constitutional question, here it summarily treats the constitutionality of a major provision of the Social Security Act when, given the Court's interpretation of the legislative materials, that provision is not at issue. Assuming that the constitutionality of 402 (b) is properly treated by the Court, the cryptic footnote in Katzenbach v. Morgan, 384 U.S. 641, 651 -652, n. 10 (1966), does not support its conclusion. Footnote 10 indicates that Congress is without power to undercut the equal-protection guarantee of racial equality in the guise of implementing [394 U.S. 618, 654] the Fourteenth Amendment. I do not mean to suggest otherwise. However, I do not understand this footnote to operate as a limitation upon Congress' power to further the flow of interstate commerce by reasonable residence requirements. Although the Court dismisses 402 (b) with the remark that Congress cannot authorize the States to violate equal protection, I believe that the dispositive issue is whether under its commerce power Congress can impose residence requirements.
Nor can I understand the Court's implication, ante, at 638, n. 21, that other state residence requirements such as those employed in determining eligibility to vote do not present constitutional questions. Despite the fact that in Drueding v. Devlin, 380 U.S. 125 (1965), we affirmed an appeal from a three-judge District Court after the District Court had rejected a constitutional challenge to Maryland's one-year residence requirement for presidential elections, the rationale employed by the Court in these appeals would seem to require the opposite conclusion. If a State would violate equal protection by denying welfare benefits to those who have recently moved interstate, then it would appear to follow that equal protection would also be denied by depriving those who have recently moved interstate of the fundamental right to vote. There is nothing in the opinion of the Court to explain this dichotomy. In any event, since the constitutionality of a state residence requirement as applied to a presidential election is raised in a case now pending, Hall v. Beals, No. 950, 1968 Term, I would await that case for a resolution of the validity of state voting residence requirements.
The era is long past when this Court under the rubric of due process has reviewed the wisdom of a congressional decision that interstate commerce will be fostered by the enactment of certain regulations. Compare [394 U.S. 618, 655] Adkins v. Children's Hospital, 261 U.S. 525 (1923), with United States v. Darby, 312 U.S. 100 (1941). Speaking for the Court in Helvering v. Davis, 301 U.S. 619, 644 (1937), Mr. Justice Cardozo said of another section of the Social Security Act:
"Whether wisdom or unwisdom resides in the scheme of benefits set forth . . . is not for us to say. The answer to such inquiries must come from Congress, not the courts. Our concern here, as often, is with power, not with wisdom."
I am convinced that Congress does have power to enact residence requirements of reasonable duration or to authorize the States to do so and that it has exercised this power.
The Court's decision reveals only the top of the iceberg. Lurking beneath are the multitude of situations in which States have imposed residence requirements including eligibility to vote, to engage in certain professions or occupations or to attend a state-supported university. Although the Court takes pains to avoid acknowledging the ramifications of its decision, its implications cannot be ignored. I dissent.
[ Footnote 1 ] See, e. g., Hearings on H. R. 4120 before the House Committee on Ways and Means, 74th Cong., 1st Sess., 831-832, 861-871 (1935).
[ Footnote 2 ] See, e. g., Hearings on S. 1130 before the Senate Committee on Finance, 74th Cong., 1st Sess., 522-540, 643, 656 (1935).
[ Footnote 3 ] See e. g., Hearings on H. R. 10032 before the House Committee on Ways and Means, 87th Cong., 2d Sess., 355, 385-405, 437 (1962); Hearings on H. R. 6000 before the Senate Committee on Finance, 81st Cong., 2d Sess., 142-143 (1950).
[ Footnote 4 ] See e. g., Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States, 379 U.S. 241, 256 -260 (1964).
[ Footnote 5 ] The burden is uncertain because indigents who are disqualified from categorical assistance by residence requirements are not left wholly without assistance. All of the appellees in these cases found alternative sources of assistance after their disqualification.
[ Footnote 6 ] Some of the cases go so far as to intimate that at least in the area of taxation Congress is not inhibited by any problems of classification. See Helvering v. Lerner Stores Corp., 314 U.S. 463, 468 (1941); Steward Machine Co. v. Davis, 301 U.S. 548, 584 (1937); LaBelle Iron Works v. United States, 256 U.S. 377, 392 (1921).
MR. JUSTICE HARLAN, dissenting.
The Court today holds unconstitutional Connecticut, Pennsylvania, and District of Columbia statutes which restrict certain kinds of welfare benefits to persons who have lived within the jurisdiction for at least one year immediately preceding their applications. The Court has accomplished this result by an expansion of the comparatively new constitutional doctrine that some state statutes will be deemed to deny equal protection of the laws unless justified by a "compelling" governmental interest, and by holding that the Fifth Amendment's Due Process Clause imposes a similar limitation on federal enactments. Having decided that the "compelling interest" principle [394 U.S. 618, 656] is applicable, the Court then finds that the governmental interests here asserted are either wholly impermissible or are not "compelling." For reasons which follow, I disagree both with the Court's result and with its reasoning.
These three cases present two separate but related questions for decision. The first, arising from the District of Columbia appeal, is whether Congress may condition the right to receive Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) and Aid to the Permanently and Totally Disabled in the District of Columbia upon the recipient's having resided in the District for the preceding year. 1 The second, presented in the Pennsylvania and Connecticut appeals, is whether a State may, with the approval of Congress, impose the same conditions with [394 U.S. 618, 657] respect to eligibility for AFDC assistance. 2 In each instance, the welfare residence requirements are alleged to be unconstitutional on two grounds: first, because they impose an undue burden upon the constitutional right of welfare applicants to travel interstate; second, because they deny to persons who have recently moved interstate and would otherwise be eligible for welfare assistance the equal protection of the laws assured by the Fourteenth Amendment (in the state cases) or the analogous protection afforded by the Fifth Amendment (in the District of Columbia case). Since the Court basically relies upon the equal protection ground, I shall discuss it first. [394 U.S. 618, 658]
In upholding the equal protection argument, 3 the Court has applied an equal protection doctrine of relatively recent vintage: the rule that statutory classifications which either are based upon certain "suspect" criteria or affect "fundamental rights" will be held to deny equal protection unless justified by a "compelling" governmental interest. See ante, at 627, 634, 638.
The "compelling interest" doctrine, which today is articulated more explicitly than ever before, constitutes an increasingly significant exception to the long-established rule that a statute does not deny equal protection if it is rationally related to a legitimate governmental objective. 4 The "compelling interest" doctrine has two branches. The branch which requires that classifications based upon "suspect" criteria be supported by a compelling interest apparently had its genesis in cases involving racial classifications, which have, at least since Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214, 216 (1944), been regarded as inherently "suspect." 5 The criterion of "wealth" apparently was added to the list of "suspects" as an alternative justification for the rationale in Harper [394 U.S. 618, 659] v. Virginia Bd. of Elections, 383 U.S. 663, 668 (1966), in which Virginia's poll tax was struck down. The criterion of political allegiance may have been added in Williams v. Rhodes, 393 U.S. 23 (1968). 6 Today the list apparently has been further enlarged to include classifications based upon recent interstate movement, and perhaps those based upon the exercise of any constitutional right, for the Court states, ante, at 634:
"The waiting-period provision denies welfare benefits to otherwise eligible applicants solely because they have recently moved into the jurisdiction. But in moving . . . appellees were exercising a constitutional right, and any classification which serves to penalize the exercise of that right, unless shown to be necessary to promote a compelling governmental interest, is unconstitutional." 7
I think that this branch of the "compelling interest" doctrine is sound when applied to racial classifications, for historically the Equal Protection Clause was largely a product of the desire to eradicate legal distinctions founded upon race. However, I believe that the more recent extensions have been unwise. For the reasons stated in my dissenting opinion in Harper v. Virginia Bd. of Elections, supra, at 680, 683-686, I do not consider wealth a "suspect" statutory criterion. And when, as in Williams v. Rhodes, supra, and the present case, a classification is based upon the exercise of rights guaranteed against state infringement by the Federal Constitution, then there is no need for any resort to the Equal Protection Clause; in such instances, this Court may properly and straightforwardly invalidate any undue burden upon those rights under the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause. See, e. g., my separate opinion in Williams v. Rhodes, supra, at 41. [394 U.S. 618, 660]
The second branch of the "compelling interest" principle is even more troublesome. For it has been held that a statutory classification is subject to the "compelling interest" test if the result of the classification may be to affect a "fundamental right," regardless of the basis of the classification. This rule was foreshadowed in Skinner v. Oklahoma, 316 U.S. 535, 541 (1942), in which an Oklahoma statute providing for compulsory sterilization of "habitual criminals" was held subject to "strict scrutiny" mainly because it affected "one of the basic civil rights." After a long hiatus, the principle reemerged in Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U.S. 533, 561 -562 (1964), in which state apportionment statutes were subjected to an unusually stringent test because "any alleged infringement of the right of citizens to vote must be carefully and meticulously scrutinized." Id., at 562. The rule appeared again in Carrington v. Rash, 380 U.S. 89, 96 (1965), in which, as I now see that case, 8 the Court applied an abnormally severe equal protection standard to a Texas statute denying certain servicemen the right to vote, without indicating that the statutory distinction between servicemen and civilians was generally "suspect." This branch of the doctrine was also an alternate ground in Harper v. Virginia Bd. of Elections, supra, see 383 U.S., at 670 , and apparently was a basis of the holding in Williams v. Rhodes, supra. 9 It [394 U.S. 618, 661] has reappeared today in the Court's cryptic suggestion, ante, at 627, that the "compelling interest" test is applicable merely because the result of the classification may be to deny the appellees "food, shelter, and other necessities of life," as well as in the Court's statement, ante, at 638, that "[s]ince the classification here touches on the fundamental right of interstate movement, its constitutionality must be judged by the stricter standard of whether it promotes a compelling state interest." 10
I think this branch of the "compelling interest" doctrine particularly unfortunate and unnecessary. It is unfortunate because it creates an exception which threatens to swallow the standard equal protection rule. Virtually every state statute affects important rights. This Court has repeatedly held, for example, that the traditional equal protection standard is applicable to statutory classifications affecting such fundamental matters as the right to pursue a particular occupation, 11 the right to receive greater or smaller wages 12 or to work more or less hours, 13 and the right to inherit property. 14 Rights such as these are in principle indistinguishable from those involved here, and to extend the "compelling interest" rule to all cases in which such rights are affected would go far toward making this Court a "super-legislature." This branch of the doctrine is also unnecessary. When the right affected is one assured by [394 U.S. 618, 662] the Federal Constitution, any infringement can be dealt with under the Due Process Clause. But when a statute affects only matters not mentioned in the Federal Constitution and is not arbitrary or irrational, I must reiterate that I know of nothing which entitles this Court to pick out particular human activities, characterize them as "fundamental," and give them added protection under an unusually stringent equal protection test.
I shall consider in the next section whether welfare residence requirements deny due process by unduly burdening the right of interstate travel. If the issue is regarded purely as one of equal protection, then, for the reasons just set forth, this nonracial classification should be judged by ordinary equal protection standards. The applicable criteria are familiar and well established. A legislative measure will be found to deny equal protection only if "it is without any reasonable basis and therefore is purely arbitrary." Lindsley v. Natural Carbonic Gas Co., 220 U.S. 61, 78 (1911). It is not enough that the measure results incidentally "in some inequality," or that it is not drawn "with mathematical nicety," ibid.; the statutory classification must instead cause "different treatments . . . so disparate, relative to the difference in classification, as to be wholly arbitrary." Walters v. City of St. Louis, 347 U.S. 231, 237 (1954). Similarly, this Court has stated that where, as here, the issue concerns the authority of Congress to withhold "a noncontractual benefit under a social welfare program . . ., the Due Process Clause [of the Fifth Amendment] can be thought to interpose a bar only if the statute manifests a patently arbitrary classification, utterly lacking in rational justification." Flemming v. Nestor, 363 U.S. 603, 611 (1960).
For reasons hereafter set forth, see infra, at 672-677, a legislature might rationally find that the imposition of a welfare residence requirement would aid in the accomplishment of at least four valid governmental objectives. [394 U.S. 618, 663] It might also find that residence requirements have advantages not shared by other methods of achieving the same goals. In light of this undeniable relation of residence requirements to valid legislative aims, it cannot be said that the requirements are "arbitrary" or "lacking in rational justification." Hence, I can find no objection to these residence requirements under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment or under the analogous standard embodied in the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment.
The next issue, which I think requires fuller analysis than that deemed necessary by the Court under its equal protection rationale, is whether a one-year welfare residence requirement amounts to an undue burden upon the right of interstate travel. Four considerations are relevant: First, what is the constitutional source and nature of the right to travel which is relied upon? Second, what is the extent of the interference with that right? Third, what governmental interests are served by welfare residence requirements? Fourth, how should the balance of the competing considerations be struck?
The initial problem is to identify the source of the right to travel asserted by the appellees. Congress enacted the welfare residence requirement in the District of Columbia, so the right to travel which is invoked in that case must be enforceable against congressional action. The residence requirements challenged in the Pennsylvania and Connecticut appeals were authorized by Congress in 42 U.S.C. 602 (b), so the right to travel relied upon in those cases must be enforceable against the States even though they have acted with congressional approval.
In my view, it is playing ducks and drakes with the statute to argue, as the Court does, ante, at 639-641, that Congress did not mean to approve these state residence [394 U.S. 618, 664] requirements. In 42 U.S.C. 602 (b), quoted more fully, ante, at 638-639, Congress directed that:
"[t]he Secretary shall approve any [state assistance] plan which fulfills the conditions specified in subsection (a) of this section, except that he shall not approve any plan which imposes as a condition of eligibility for [AFDC aid] a residence requirement [equal to or greater than one year]."
I think that by any fair reading this section must be regarded as conferring congressional approval upon any plan containing a residence requirement of up to one year.
If any reinforcement is needed for taking this statutory language at face value, the overall scheme of the AFDC program and the context in which it was enacted suggest strong reasons why Congress would have wished to approve limited state residence requirements. Congress determined to enlist state assistance in financing the AFDC program, and to administer the program primarily through the States. A previous Congress had already enacted a one-year residence requirement with respect to aid for dependent children in the District of Columbia. 15 In these circumstances, I think it only sensible to conclude that in allowing the States to impose limited residence conditions despite their possible impact on persons who wished to move interstate, 16 Congress was motivated by a desire to encourage state participation in [394 U.S. 618, 665] the AFDC program, 17 as well as by a feeling that the States should at least be permitted to impose residence requirements as strict as that already authorized for the District of Columbia. Congress therefore had a genuine federal purpose in allowing the States to use residence tests. And I fully agree with THE CHIEF JUSTICE that this purpose would render 602 (b) a permissible exercise of Congress' power under the Commerce Clause, unless Congress were prohibited from acting by another provision of the Constitution.
Nor do I find it credible that Congress intended to refrain from expressing approval of state residence requirements because of doubts about their constitutionality or their compatibility with the Act's beneficent purposes. With respect to constitutionality, a similar residence requirement was already in effect for the District of Columbia, and the burdens upon travel which might be caused by such requirements must, even in 1935, have been regarded as within the competence of Congress under its commerce power. If Congress had thought residence requirements entirely incompatible with the aims of the Act, it could simply have provided that state assistance plans containing such requirements should not be approved at all, rather than having limited approval to plans containing residence requirements of less than one year. Moreover, when Congress in 1944 revised the AFDC program in the District of Columbia to conform with the standards of the Act, it chose to condition eligibility upon one year's residence, 18 thus strongly indicating that [394 U.S. 618, 666] it doubted neither the constitutionality of such a provision nor its consistency with the Act's purposes. 19
Opinions of this Court and of individual Justices have suggested four provisions of the Constitution as possible sources of a right to travel enforceable against the federal or state governments: the Commerce Clause; 20 the Privileges and Immunities Clause of Art. IV, 2; 21 the Privileges and Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment; 22 and the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. 23 The Commerce Clause can be of no assistance to these appellees, since that clause grants plenary power to Congress, 24 and Congress either enacted or approved all of the residence requirements here challenged. The Privileges and Immunities Clause of Art. IV, 2, 25 is irrelevant, for it appears settled that this clause neither limits federal power nor prevents a State from distinguishing among its own citizens, but simply "prevents a State from discriminating against citizens of other States in favor of its own." Hague v. CIO, 307 U.S. 496, 511 (1939) (opinion of Roberts, J.); see Slaughter-House Cases, 16 Wall. 36, 77 (1873). Since Congress enacted the District of Columbia residence statute, and since the Pennsylvania and Connecticut appellees were residents [394 U.S. 618, 667] and therefore citizens of those States when they sought welfare, the clause can have no application in any of these cases.
The Privileges and Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment provides that: "No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States." It is evident that this clause cannot be applicable in the District of Columbia appeal, since it is limited in terms to instances of state action. In the Pennsylvania and Connecticut cases, the respective States did impose and enforce the residence requirements. However, Congress approved these requirements in 42 U.S.C. 602 (b). The fact of congressional approval, together with this Court's past statements about the nature of the Fourteenth Amendment Privileges and Immunities Clause, leads me to believe that the clause affords no additional help to these appellees, and that the decisive issue is whether Congress itself may impose such requirements. The view of the Privileges and Immunities Clause which has most often been adopted by the Court and by individual Justices is that it extends only to those "privileges and immunities" which "arise or grow out of the relationship of United States citizens to the national government." Hague v. CIO, 307 U.S. 496, 520 (1939) (opinion of Stone, J.). 26 On the authority of Crandall v. Nevada, 6 Wall. 35 (1968), those privileges and immunities have repeatedly been said to include the right to travel from State to State, 27 presumably for the reason assigned in Crandall: that state restrictions on travel [394 U.S. 618, 668] might interfere with intercourse between the Federal Government and its citizens. 28 This kind of objection to state welfare residence requirements would seem necessarily to vanish in the face of congressional authorization, for except in those instances when its authority is limited by a constitutional provision binding upon it (as the Fourteenth Amendment is not), Congress has full power to define the relationship between citizens and the Federal Government.
Some Justices, notably the dissenters in the Slaughter-House Cases, 16 Wall. 36, 83, 111, 124 (1873) (Field, Bradley, and Swayne, JJ., dissenting), and the concurring Justices in Edwards v. California, 314 U.S. 160, 177 , 181 (1941) (DOUGLAS and Jackson, JJ., concurring), have gone further and intimated that the Fourteenth Amendment right to travel interstate is a concomitant of federal citizenship which stems from sources even more basic than the need to protect citizens in their relations with the Federal Government. The Slaughter-House dissenters suggested that the privileges and immunities of national citizenship, including freedom to travel, were those natural rights "which of right belong to the citizens of all free governments," 16 Wall., at 98 (Field, J.). However, since such rights are "the rights of citizens of any free government," id., at 114 (Bradley, J.), it would appear that they must be immune from national as well as state abridgment. To the extent that they may be validly limited by Congress, there would seem to be no reason why they may not be similarly abridged by States acting with congressional approval.
The concurring Justices in Edwards laid emphasis not upon natural rights but upon a generalized concern for the functioning of the federal system, stressing that to [394 U.S. 618, 669] allow a State to curtail "the rights of national citizenship would be to contravene every conception of national unity," 314 U.S., at 181 (DOUGLAS, J.), and that "[i]f national citizenship means less than [the right to move interstate] it means nothing." Id., at 183 (Jackson, J.). However, even under this rationale the clause would appear to oppose no obstacle to congressional delineation of the rights of national citizenship, insofar as Congress may do so without infringing other provisions of the Constitution. Mr. Justice Jackson explicitly recognized in Edwards that: "The right of the citizen to migrate from state to state . . . [is] subject to all constitutional limitations imposed by the federal government," id., at 184. And nothing in the nature of federalism would seem to prevent Congress from authorizing the States to do what Congress might validly do itself. Indeed, this Court has held, for example, that Congress may empower the States to undertake regulations of commerce which would otherwise be prohibited by the negative implications of the Commerce Clause. See Prudential Ins. Co. v. Benjamin, 328 U.S. 408 (1946). Hence, as has already been suggested, the decisive question is whether Congress may legitimately enact welfare residence requirements, and the Fourteenth Amendment Privileges and Immunities Clause adds no extra force to the appellees' attack on the requirements.
The last possible source of a right to travel is one which does operate against the Federal Government: the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. 29 It is now settled [394 U.S. 618, 670] that freedom to travel is an element of the "liberty" secured by that clause. In Kent v. Dulles, 357 U.S. 116, 125 -126 (1958), the Court said:
"The right to travel is a part of the `liberty' of which the citizen cannot be deprived without due process of law under the Fifth Amendment. . . . Freedom of movement across frontiers . . ., and inside frontiers as well, was a part of our heritage. . . ."
The Court echoed these remarks in Aptheker v. Secretary of State, 378 U.S. 500, 505 -506 (1964), and added:
"Since this case involves a personal liberty protected by the Bill of Rights, we believe that the proper approach to legislation curtailing that liberty must be that adopted by this Court in NAACP v. Button, 371 U.S. 415 , and Thornhill v. Alabama, 310 U.S. 88 . . . . [S]ince freedom of travel is a constitutional liberty closely related to rights of free speech and association, we believe that appellants . . . should not be required to assume the burden of demonstrating that Congress could not have written a statute constitutionally prohibiting their travel." Id., at 516-517.
However, in Zemel v. Rusk, 381 U.S. 1 (1965), the First Amendment cast of the Aptheker opinion was explained as having stemmed from the fact that Aptheker was forbidden to travel because of "expression or association on his part," id., at 16. The Court noted that Zemel was "not being forced to choose between membership in an organization and freedom to travel," ibid., and held that the mere circumstance that Zemel's proposed journey to Cuba might be used to collect information of political and social significance was not enough to bring the case within the First Amendment category.
Finally, in United States v. Guest, 383 U.S. 745 (1966), the Court again had occasion to consider the right of [394 U.S. 618, 671] interstate travel. Without specifying the source of that right, the Court said:
"The constitutional right to travel from one State to another . . . occupies a position fundamental to the concept of our Federal Union. It is a right that has been firmly established and repeatedly recognized. . . . [The] right finds no explicit mention in the Constitution. The reason, it has been suggested, is that a right so elementary was conceived from the beginning to be a necessary concomitant of the stronger Union the Constitution created. In any event, freedom to travel throughout the United States has long been recognized as a basic right under the Constitution." Id., at 757-758. (Footnotes omitted.)
I therefore conclude that the right to travel interstate is a "fundamental" right which, for present purposes, should be regarded as having its source in the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment.
The next questions are: (1) To what extent does a one-year residence condition upon welfare eligibility interfere with this right to travel?; and (2) What are the governmental interests supporting such a condition? The consequence of the residence requirements is that persons who contemplate interstate changes of residence, and who believe that they otherwise would qualify for welfare payments, must take into account the fact that such assistance will not be available for a year after arrival. The number or proportion of persons who are actually deterred from changing residence by the existence of these provisions is unknown. If one accepts evidence put forward by the appellees, 30 to the effect [394 U.S. 618, 672] that there would be only a minuscule increase in the number of welfare applicants were existing residence requirements to be done away with, it follows that the requirements do not deter an appreciable number of persons from moving interstate.
Against this indirect impact on the right to travel must be set the interests of the States, and of Congress with respect to the District of Columbia, in imposing residence conditions. There appear to be four such interests. First, it is evident that a primary concern of Congress and the Pennsylvania and Connecticut Legislatures was to deny welfare benefits to persons who moved into the jurisdiction primarily in order to collect those benefits. 31 This seems to me an entirely legitimate objective. A legislature is certainly not obliged to furnish welfare assistance to every inhabitant of the jurisdiction, and it is entirely rational to deny benefits to those who enter primarily in order to receive them, since this will make more funds available for those whom the legislature deems more worthy of subsidy. 32 [394 U.S. 618, 673]
A second possible purpose of residence requirements is the prevention of fraud. A residence requirement provides an objective and workable means of determining that an applicant intends to remain indefinitely within the jurisdiction. It therefore may aid in eliminating fraudulent collection of benefits by nonresidents and persons already receiving assistance in other States. There can be no doubt that prevention of fraud is a valid legislative goal. Third, the requirement of a fixed period of residence may help in predicting the budgetary amount which will be needed for public assistance in the future. While none of the appellant jurisdictions appears to keep data sufficient to permit the making of detailed budgetary predictions in consequence of the requirement, 33 it is probable that in the event of a very large increase or decrease in the number of indigent newcomers the waiting period would give the legislature time to make needed adjustments in the welfare laws. Obviously, this is a proper objective. Fourth, the residence requirements conceivably may have been predicated upon a legislative desire to restrict welfare payments financed in part by state tax funds to persons who have [394 U.S. 618, 674] recently made some contribution to the State's economy, through having been employed, having paid taxes, or having spent money in the State. This too would appear to be a legitimate purpose. 34
The next question is the decisive one: whether the governmental interests served by residence requirements outweigh the burden imposed upon the right to travel. In my view, a number of considerations militate in favor of constitutionality. First, as just shown, four separate, legitimate governmental interests are furthered by residence requirements. Second, the impact of the requirements upon the freedom of individuals to travel interstate is indirect and, according to evidence put forward by the appellees themselves, insubstantial. Third, these are not cases in which a State or States, acting alone, have attempted to interfere with the right of citizens to travel, but one in which the States have acted within the terms of a limited authorization by the National Government, and in which Congress itself has laid down a like rule for the District of Columbia. Fourth, the legislatures which enacted these statutes have been fully exposed to the arguments of the appellees as to why these residence requirements are unwise, and have rejected them. This is not, therefore, an instance in which legislatures have acted without mature deliberation.
Fifth, and of longer-range importance, the field of welfare assistance is one in which there is a widely recognized need for fresh solutions and consequently for experimentation. Invalidation of welfare residence [394 U.S. 618, 675] requirements might have the unfortunate consequence of discouraging the Federal and State Governments from establishing unusually generous welfare programs in particular areas on an experimental basis, because of fears that the program would cause an influx of persons seeking higher welfare payments. Sixth and finally, a strong presumption of constitutionality attaches to statutes of the types now before us. Congressional enactments come to this Court with an extremely heavy presumption of validity. See, e. g., Brown v. Maryland, 12 Wheat. 419, 436 (1827); Insurance Co. v. Glidden Co., 284 U.S. 151, 158 (1931); United States v. Butler, 297 U.S. 1, 67 (1936); United States v. National Dairy Corp., 372 U.S. 29, 32 (1963). A similar presumption of constitutionality attaches to state statutes, particularly when, as here, a State has acted upon a specific authorization from Congress. See, e. g., Powell v. Pennsylvania, 127 U.S. 678, 684 -685 (1888); United States v. Des Moines N. & R. Co., 142 U.S. 510, 544 -545 (1892).
I do not consider that the factors which have been urged to outweigh these considerations are sufficient to render unconstitutional these state and federal enactments. It is said, first, that this Court, in the opinions discussed, supra, at 669-671, has acknowledged that the right to travel interstate is a "fundamental" freedom. Second, it is contended that the governmental objectives mentioned above either are ephemeral or could be accomplished by means which do not impinge as heavily on the right to travel, and hence that the requirements are unconstitutional because they "sweep unnecessarily broadly and thereby invade the area of protected freedoms." NAACP v. Alabama, 377 U.S. 288, 307 (1964). The appellees claim that welfare payments could be denied those who come primarily to collect welfare by means of less restrictive provisions, such as New York's [394 U.S. 618, 676] Welfare Abuses Law; 35 that fraud could be prevented by investigation of individual applicants or by a much shorter residence period; that budgetary predictability is a remote and speculative goal; and that assurance of investment in the community could be obtained by a shorter residence period or by taking into account prior intervals of residence in the jurisdiction.
Taking all of these competing considerations into account, I believe that the balance definitely favors constitutionality. In reaching that conclusion, I do not minimize the importance of the right to travel interstate. However, the impact of residence conditions upon that right is indirect and apparently quite insubstantial. On the other hand, the governmental purposes served by the requirements are legitimate and real, and the residence requirements are clearly suited to their accomplishment. To abolish residence requirements might well discourage highly worthwhile experimentation in the welfare field. The statutes come to us clothed with the authority of Congress and attended by a correspondingly heavy presumption of constitutionality. Moreover, although the appellees assert that the same objectives could have been achieved by less restrictive means, this is an area in which the judiciary should be especially slow to fetter the judgment of Congress and of some 46 state legislatures 36 in the choice of methods. Residence requirements have [394 U.S. 618, 677] advantages, such as administrative simplicity and relative certainty, which are not shared by the alternative solutions proposed by the appellees. In these circumstances, I cannot find that the burden imposed by residence requirements upon ability to travel outweighs the governmental interests in their continued employment. Nor do I believe that the period of residence required in these cases - one year - is so excessively long as to justify a finding of unconstitutionality on that score.
I conclude with the following observations. Today's decision, it seems to me, reflects to an unusual degree the current notion that this Court possesses a peculiar wisdom all its own whose capacity to lead this Nation out of its present troubles is contained only by the limits of judicial ingenuity in contriving new constitutional principles to meet each problem as it arises. For anyone who, like myself, believes that it is an essential function of this Court to maintain the constitutional divisions between state and federal authority and among the three branches of the Federal Government, today's decision is a step in the wrong direction. This resurgence of the expansive view of "equal protection" carries the seeds of more judicial interference with the state and federal legislative process, much more indeed than does the judicial application of "due process" according to traditional concepts (see my dissenting opinion in Duncan v. Louisiana, 391 U.S. 145, 171 (1968)), about which some members of this Court have expressed fears as to its potentialities for setting us judges "at large." 37 I consider it particularly unfortunate that this judicial roadblock to the powers of Congress in this field should occur at the very threshold of the current discussions regarding the "federalizing" of these aspects of welfare relief.
[ Footnote 1 ] Of the District of Columbia appellees, all sought AFDC assistance except appellee Barley, who asked for Aid to the Permanently and Totally Disabled. In 42 U.S.C. 602 (b), Congress has authorized "States" (including the District of Columbia, see 42 U.S.C. 1301 (a) (1)) to require up to one year's immediately prior residence as a condition of eligibility for AFDC assistance. See n. 15, infra. In 42 U.S.C. 1352 (b) (1) and 1382 (b) (2), Congress has permitted "States" to condition disability payments upon the applicant's having resided in the State for up to five of the preceding nine years. However, D.C. Code 3-203 prescribes a one-year residence requirement for both types of assistance, so the question of the constitutionality of a longer required residence period is not before us.
Appellee Barley also challenged in the District Court the constitutionality of a District of Columbia regulation which provided that time spent in a District of Columbia institution as a public charge did not count as residence for purposes of welfare eligibility. The District Court held that the regulation must fall for the same reasons as the residence statute itself. Since I believe that the District Court erred in striking down the statute, and since the issue of the regulation's constitutionality has been argued in this Court only in passing, I would remand appellee Barley's cause for further consideration of that question.
[ Footnote 2 ] I do not believe that the Pennsylvania appeal presents the additional question of the validity of a residence condition for a purely state-financed and state-authorized public assistance program. The Pennsylvania welfare eligibility provision, Pa. Stat. Ann., Tit. 62, 432 (1968), states:
"Except as hereinafter otherwise provided . . ., needy persons of the classes defined in clauses (1) and (2) of this section shall be eligible for assistance:
"(1) Persons for whose assistance Federal financial participation is available to the Commonwealth as . . . aid to families with dependent children, . . . and which assistance is not precluded by other provisions of law.
"(2) Other persons who are citizens of the United States . . . .
"(6) Assistance may be granted only to or in behalf of a person residing in Pennsylvania who (i) has resided therein for at least one year immediately preceding the date of application . . . ."
As I understand it, this statute initially divides Pennsylvania welfare applicants into two classes: (1) persons for whom federal financial assistance is available and not precluded by other provisions of federal law (if state law, including the residence requirement, were intended, the "Except as hereinafter otherwise provided" proviso at the beginning of the entire section would be surplusage); (2) other persons who are citizens. The residence requirement applies to both classes. However, since all of the Pennsylvania appellees clearly fall into the first or federally assisted class, there is no need to consider whether residence conditions may constitutionally be imposed with respect to the second or purely state-assisted class.
[ Footnote 3 ] In characterizing this argument as one based on an alleged denial of equal protection of the laws, I do not mean to disregard the fact that this contention is applicable in the District of Columbia only through the terms of the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. Nor do I mean to suggest that these two constitutional phrases are "always interchangeable," see Bolling v. Sharpe, 347 U.S. 497, 499 (1954). In the circumstances of this case, I do not believe myself obliged to explore whether there may be any differences in the scope of the protection afforded by the two provisions.
[ Footnote 4 ] See, e. g., Rapid Transit Corp. v. City of New York, 303 U.S. 573, 578 (1938). See also infra, at 662.
[ Footnote 5 ] See Loving v. Virginia, 388 U.S. 1, 11 (1967); cf. Bolling v. Sharpe, 347 U.S. 497, 499 (1954). See also Hirabayashi v. United States, 320 U.S. 81, 100 (1943); Yick Wo v. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356 (1886).
[ Footnote 6 ] See n. 9, infra.
[ Footnote 8 ] I recognize that in my dissenting opinion in Harper v. Virginia Bd. of Elections, supra, at 683, I characterized the test applied in Carrington as "the traditional equal protection standard." I am now satisfied that this was too generous a reading of the Court's opinion.
[ Footnote 9 ] Analysis is complicated when the statutory classification is grounded upon the exercise of a "fundamental" right. For then the statute may come within the first branch of the "compelling interest" doctrine because exercise of the right is deemed a "suspect" criterion and also within the second because the statute is considered to affect the right by deterring its exercise. Williams v. Rhodes, supra, is such a case insofar as the statutes involved both inhibited exercise of the [394 U.S. 618, 661] right of political association and drew distinctions based upon the way the right was exercised. The present case is another instance, insofar as welfare residence statutes both deter interstate movement and distinguish among welfare applicants on the basis of such movement. Consequently, I have not attempted to specify the branch of the doctrine upon which these decisions rest.
[ Footnote 10 ] See n. 9, supra.
[ Footnote 11 ] See, e. g., Williamson v. Lee Optical Co., 348 U.S. 483 (1955); Kotch v. Board of River Pilot Comm'rs, 330 U.S. 552 (1947).
[ Footnote 12 ] See, e. g., Bunting v. Oregon, 243 U.S. 426 (1917).
[ Footnote 13 ] See, e. g., Miller v. Wilson, 236 U.S. 373 (1915).
[ Footnote 14 ] See, e. g., Ferry v. Spokane, P. & S. R. Co., 258 U.S. 314 (1922).
[ Footnote 15 ] See 44 Stat. 758, 1.
[ Footnote 16 ] The arguments for and against welfare residence requirements, including their impact on indigent migrants, were fully aired in congressional committee hearings. See, e. g., Hearings on H. R. 4120 before the House Committee on Ways and Means, 74th Cong., 1st Sess., 831-832, 861-871 (1935); Hearings on S. 1130 before the Senate Committee on Finance, 74th Cong., 1st Sess., 522-540, 643, 656 (1935).
[ Footnote 17 ] I am not at all persuaded by the Court's argument that Congress' sole purpose was to compel "`[l]iberality of residence requirement.'" See ante, at 640. If that was the only objective, it could have been more effectively accomplished by specifying that to qualify for approval under the Act a state assistance plan must contain no residence requirement.
[ Footnote 18 ] See Act to provide aid to dependent children in the District of Columbia 3, 58 Stat. 277 (1944). In 1962, this Act was repealed [394 U.S. 618, 666] and replaced by D.C. Code 3-203, the provision now being challenged. See 76 Stat. 914.
[ Footnote 19 ] Cf. ante, at 639-641 and nn. 24-25.
[ Footnote 20 ] See, e. g., Edwards v. California, 314 U.S. 160 (1941); the Passenger Cases, 7 How. 283 (1849).
[ Footnote 21 ] See, e. g., Corfield v. Coryell, 6 F. Cas. 546 (No. 3230) (1825) (Mr. Justice Washington).
[ Footnote 22 ] See, e. g., Edwards v. California, 314 U.S. 160, 177 , 181 (1941) (DOUGLAS and Jackson, JJ., concurring); Twining v. New Jersey, 211 U.S. 78, 97 (1908) (dictum).
[ Footnote 23 ] See, e. g., Kent v. Dulles, 357 U.S. 116, 125 -127 (1958); Aptheker v. Secretary of State, 378 U.S. 500, 505 -506 (1964).
[ Footnote 24 ] See, e. g., Prudential Ins. Co. v. Benjamin, 328 U.S. 408, 423 (1946). See also Maryland v. Wirtz, 392 U.S. 183, 193 -199 (1968).
[ Footnote 25 ] "The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States."
[ Footnote 26 ] See Slaughter-House Cases, 16 Wall. 36, 79 (1873); In re Kemmler, 136 U.S. 436, 448 (1890); McPherson v. Blacker, 146 U.S. 1, 38 (1892); Giozza v. Tiernan, 148 U.S. 657, 661 (1893); Duncan v. Missouri, 152 U.S. 377, 382 (1894); Twining v. New Jersey, 211 U.S. 78, 97 -98 (1908).
[ Footnote 27 ] See, e. g., Slaughter-House Cases, supra, at 79; Twining v. New Jersey, supra, at 97.
[ Footnote 28 ] The Crandall Court stressed the "right" of a citizen to come to the national capital, to have access to federal officials, and to travel to seaports. See 6 Wall., at 44. Of course, Crandall was decided before the enactment of the Fourteenth Amendment.
[ Footnote 29 ] Professor Chafee has suggested that the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment may similarly protect the right to travel against state interference. See Z. Chafee, Three Human Rights in the Constitution of 1787, p. 192 (1956). However, that clause surely provides no greater protection against the States than does the Fifth Amendment clause against the Federal Government; so the decisive question still is whether Congress may enact a residence requirement.
[ Footnote 30 ] See Brief for Appellees in No. 33, pp. 49-51 and n. 70; Brief for Appellees in No. 34, p. 24, n. 11; Supplemental Brief for Appellees on Reargument 27-30.
[ Footnote 31 ] For Congress, see, e. g., Problems of Hungry Children in the District of Columbia, Hearings before the Subcommittee on Public Health, Education, Welfare, and Safety of the Senate Committee on the District of Columbia, 85th Cong., 1st Sess. For Connecticut, see Connecticut General Assembly, 1965 Feb. Spec. Sess., House of Representatives Proceedings, Vol. II, pt. 7, at 3505. For Pennsylvania, see Appendix in No. 34, pp. 96a-98a.
[ Footnote 32 ] There is support for the view that enforcement of residence requirements can significantly reduce welfare costs by denying benefits to those who come solely to collect them. For example, in the course of a long article generally critical of residence requirements, and after a detailed discussion of the available information, Professor Harvith has stated:
"A fair conclusion seems to be that, in at least some states, it is not unreasonable for the legislature to conclude that a useful saving in welfare costs may be obtained by residence tests discouraging those who would enter the state solely because of its welfare programs. In New York, for example, a one per cent saving in [394 U.S. 618, 673] welfare costs would amount to several million dollars." Harvith, The Constitutionality of Residence Tests for General and Categorical Assistance Programs, 54 Calif. L. Rev. 567, 618 (1966). (Footnotes omitted.) See also Helvering v. Davis, 301 U.S. 619, 644 (1937).
For essentially the same reasons, I would uphold the Connecticut welfare regulations which except from the residence requirement persons who come to Connecticut with a bona fide job offer or with resources sufficient to support them for three months. See 1 Conn. Welfare Manual, c. II, 219.1-219.2 (1966). Such persons are very unlikely to have entered the State primarily in order to receive welfare benefits.
[ Footnote 33 ] For precise prediction to be possible, it would appear that a residence requirement must be combined with a procedure for ascertaining the number of indigent persons who enter the jurisdiction and the proportion of those persons who will remain indigent during the residence period.
[ Footnote 34 ] I do not mean to imply that each of the above purposes necessarily was sought by each of the legislatures that adopted durational residence requirements. In Connecticut, for example, the welfare budget is apparently open-ended, suggesting that this State is not seriously concerned with the need for more accurate budgetary estimates.
[ Footnote 35 ] That law, N. Y. Soc. Welfare Law 139-a, requires public welfare officials to conduct a detailed investigation in order to ascertain whether a welfare "applicant came into the state for the purpose of receiving public assistance or care and accordingly is undeserving of and ineligible for assistance . . . ."
[ Footnote 36 ] The figure may be variously calculated. There was testimony before the District Court in the Pennsylvania case that 46 States had some form of residence requirement for welfare assistance. Appendix in No. 34, pp. 92a-93a. It was stipulated in the Connecticut case that in 1965, 40 States had residence requirements for aid to dependent children. Appendix to Appellant's Brief in No. 9, p. 45a. See also ante, at 639-640 and n. 22.
[ Footnote 37 ] Cf. Harper v. Virginia Bd. of Elections, 383 U.S. 663, 670 , 675-680 (BLACK, J., dissenting). [394 U.S. 618, 678]
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Tommie Lee From “Love And Hip Hop” Arrested Yet Again Following Detainment At Her Daughter’s School
Todd Malm Oct 19, 2018 7:05 PM PDT
Source: WCCG.com
Tommie Lee hasn’t been doing so well for the past week. After it was revealed she was released on Tuesday following imprisonment for allegedly smashing her daughter’s head against a locker, the star found herself sparking the ire of policemen yet again.
In case you missed it, Tommie, the Love And Hip Hop alum, was detained by authorities this week on Tuesday, for slamming her child’s head into a locker and pulling her hair in Smyrna, Georgia, at the Griffin Middle School.
The authorities charged her with a few crimes including first-degree child cruelty, felony aggravated assault, simple battery, and the disruption of public schools.
Furthermore, multiple reports claim she is no longer permitted to step near her daughter, the victim of her rage. And The Jasmine Brand revealed a shocking bombshell today.
The gossip publication reported that after the police let her leave in exchange for a $27,000 bond on Wednesday morning, the star is now back in jail again. As for what she did, she called her daughter on the telephone, despite explicit orders not to. The judge demanded she not speak to her daughter until court deliberations have concluded.
TSR Staff: Kyle Anfernee Instagram: @Kyle.Anfernee Our girl Tommie just can’t stay out of trouble #Roommates! One of our #Roommates hit us up and told us that Tommie was detained late last night. ___________________________________ We are following this story and will keep you updated on it as soon as we have more information on what exactly happened.
A post shared by The Shade Room (@theshaderoom) on Jul 9, 2018 at 7:47am PDT
Tommie Lee is now sitting at the Cobb County Sheriff’s Office without bail. As fans of the reality star know, she has run into the fist of the law head-first on multiple occasions.
Previously, the Love And Hip-Hop: Atlanta alum slapped a valet driver and was subsequently arrested. In a video obtained by The Shade Room, Tommie Lee can be seen getting into a police car, while repeatedly saying, “tell me what I did.” You can see the post above.
Additionally, she had to wear an ankle-monitor bracelet. The star wore it at Paris Fashion Week but surprisingly managed to make it look somewhat chic.
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Friedman, Solomon
Solomon Friedman
Work E-mail: sfriedma@uOttawa.ca
Solomon Friedman is a criminal lawyer and the managing partner at Edelson & Friedman LLP.
He represents clients on criminal, quasi-criminal and regulatory charges. Solomon uses his experience, together with his talent for effective oral and written advocacy, to create persuasive and innovative legal arguments, both at trial and on appeal.
Solomon writes widely on topics related to criminal law and appears often in the media - print, television and radio - to discuss high-profile cases and new developments in the law. His opinion and feature articles have appeared in newspapers across the country, including the National Post, the Montreal Gazette and the Ottawa Citizen. He is a regular contributor to the Citizen's bi-weekly column on legal rights and criminal law, entitled "Right to Know."
Solomon has also testified regarding firearms law before Standing Committees at both the House of Commons and the Senate of Canada. He is also the co-author of the Annotated Firearms Act and Related Legislation, published by LexisNexis Canada.
Solomon attended the Beth Israel College in Jerusalem, where he completed his Bachelor's degree in Talmudic Law and Philosophy, graduating with the highest academic distinction in 2006. Solomon thereafter attended the University of Ottawa, Faculty of Common Law, where he graduated, magna cum laude, in 2009. Upon graduation, he was selected to clerk at the Supreme Court of Canada for the Honourable Mr. Justice Morris Fish. He was called to the Bar of Ontario in 2010.
While at law school, Solomon was the recipient of the prize for the highest grade in the Advanced Criminal Procedure course. He also had the distinction of receiving the Law Society of Upper Canada Award for Outstanding Achievement in Legal Studies, the Osgoode Society Prize for Canadian Legal History and the Law Foundation of Ontario Award for academic excellence. In addition to obtaining the University of Ottawa Merit Scholarship for each of his years of study at law school, Solomon was also awarded the Catherine Helen Maclean Upper Year Award for his academic achievement and class standing.
Solomon has represented clients at all levels of court in Canada, including the Ontario Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court of Canada.
Solomon is also a member of Legal Aid Ontario's Extremely Serious Criminal Matters (ESM) panel, and can accept Legal Aid certificates for the most serious cases, inclduing murder, dangerous offender applications and terrorism charges.
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Flu Shots Scarce Even for Most Vulnerable
Only 55 million doses for 95 million people at risk
THURSDAY, Oct. 7, 2004 (HealthDayNews) -- Federal health officials estimate that 94.9 million U.S. adults and children are at high risk for influenza and should be vaccinated.
This wasn't a huge problem last year, when 83.4 million flu doses were produced and 83.1 million dispensed.
This year, however, because Britain just suspended the license of a key U.S. flu vaccine maker, only about 55 million doses will be available, half of what is needed just for the most vulnerable.
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While the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is urging hospitals and other health-care providers to give flu-shot priority to high-risk individuals, including the elderly and small children, the numbers make it clear there just isn't enough to go around -- not for high-risk people, and especially not for healthy people.
CDC spokeswoman Karen Hunter said the CDC does not keep tabs on what percentage of people who get flu shots in a more typical year are healthy. But Maxim Health Services, which provides flu clinics to corporations, pharmacies and others, estimated that, in previous years, about 78 percent of those attending the flu clinics were high-risk.
Hunter said the agency hoped health officials across the country will save the shots for those who need them the most. "We're recommending that healthy folks defer to the high-risk group," she said. "It's important for people to understand that, for healthy people, the flu is uncomfortable, certainly, but it's not typically life-threatening. There are also other things people can do if they are not going to be able to get flu shots, such as washing your hands and, if you're sick, staying at home."
On Tuesday, Chiron Corp., which was under contract to make as many as 48 million doses of its vaccine, Fluvirin, announced it couldn't deliver any because of regulatory problems at its factory in Great Britain that led to its license suspension. Aventis Pasteur, the remaining supplier of flu shots, reportedly will be able to produce an additional 1 million doses, bringing its total for this flu season to about 55 million. The company has already distributed 30 million doses, according to the CDC.
Meanwhile, U.S. health officials met with British regulators Thursday to discuss the suspension of Chiron's license to produce flu vaccine at the company's Liverpool plant. And they planned to inspect the factory this weekend to see if any of the impounded vaccines could be salvaged, the Associated Press reported.
The purpose of the meeting was to see "where the disputes are and how we might be able to reconcile them, if at all possible," U.S. Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson said.
However, he added, "it does not look promising at this point, but we are going through all the procedures."
It is still not clear how the vaccine shortage will affect the coming flu season, or even whether talk of diluting the current supply is feasible.
"The implications could be huge [such as the 1918 pandemic], or much smaller. It really depends on the virulence of the virus and what percentage of the high-risk patients are infected," said Dr. Jeff Wiese, associate professor of medicine at Tulane University School of Medicine in New Orleans. "Undoubtedly, there will be an effect. The question is how big it will be."
Even in light of this crisis, CDC director Dr. Julie Gerberding has said that her agency would not force redistribution of flu supplies. That is "not a realistic strategy," she said Wednesday.
The CDC will, however, try to identify health-care providers that have extra vaccine to steer it towards areas with shortages. The agency also plans to set up a toll-free hotline so consumers can report shortages.
Otherwise, individual institutions are having to devise their own contingency plans.
"Some hospitals that placed their order with Aventis will receive their flu vaccine as ordered. How they distribute that will be up to them, so it is possible that some healthy people will receive the vaccine," Wiese said. "However, I would guess that hospitals and clinics that receive the vaccine will take the more responsible position of ensuring that the highest-risk patients [such as the elderly, people with co-morbid disease, and health-care providers] would receive the vaccine first."
Indeed, Maxim Health Services, which has received its supply of vaccine from Aventis, announced that it would be adhering to the just-revised CDC guidelines and would cancel all flu clinics at corporations, "as these sites serve a broader range of individuals, many of whom are not high-risk." In 2003, Maxim vaccinated more than 1.8 million people.
The company is "requiring people to sign forms verifying that they are high-risk," a company spokeswoman said.
Rite Aid Corp., one of Maxim's clients, confirmed that candidates for flu shots are being screened. "We're only giving immunizations to people who are high-risk," said Jody Cook, a spokeswoman for the pharmacy giant.
The Massachusetts Department of Public Health on Wednesday issued an advisory to doctors and hospitals telling them to halt clinics for the general public and urging them to restrict flu shots to those at high risk. The department said that 73 percent of the 462,000 doses of flu vaccine were supposed to have come from Chiron.
Health officials in Colorado, one of the hardest-hit states in the 2003-2004 flu season, will also be restricting the shots to the most vulnerable, according to the Rocky Mountain News.
Walgreens, meanwhile, has ordered its stores to restrict vaccinations to high-risk candidates, while CVS said it had suspended its flu clinics.
According to the San Francisco Chronicle, Chiron had already shipped 6 million doses of its vaccine to the United States before evidence of contamination was found. The doses had been waiting in a warehouse under a company-imposed "quarantine." Howard Pien, chief executive of Chiron, said all the Fluvirin doses will be destroyed, according to the Chronicle.
The revised CDC guidelines call for preference to be given to infants aged 6 to 23 months; adults 65 years and older; individuals aged 2 to 64 with underlying chronic medical conditions; all women who will be pregnant during flu season; residents of nursing homes and long-term care facilities; children 6 months to 18 years who are on chronic aspirin therapy; health-care workers involved in direct patient care; and out-of-home caregivers and household contacts of children under the age of 6 months.
Visit the CDC for more on the flu and flu vaccinations.
SOURCES: Jeff Wiese M.D., associate professor of medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans; Jody Cook, spokeswoman, Rite Aid, Camp Hill, Penn.; Karen Hunter, spokeswoman, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta; Maxim Health Services, Columbia, Md.; Maxim statement; Oct. 7, 2004 San Francisco Chronicle, Rocky Mountain News
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Geopolitics and Sports: A Fiery Mix
Geopolitical uncertainties in regional relations threaten the long-term planning efforts of major sporting events.
There are currently growing concerns about the heated rhetoric between the U.S. and North Korea about the impact on the upcoming Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. As of Nov. 16, organizers say they’ve hit just 41% of their sales target of 1.06 million tickets, with sales in South Korea even weaker than those by international tourists, according to a USA Today article.
In addition to the concerns about the uncertainties surrounding the actions of North Korea, Olympics spectators are balking at the long travel times from Seoul to Pyeongchang, the lack of accommodations at the various venues, and the fact that insurance companies have been unwilling to issue cancellations in the event of a disruption by North Korea.
The prospect of a nuclear confrontation has suppressed both sales and enthusiasm for the event that is aimed at bringing the world together.
Similarly, the upcoming 2022 FIFA-sponsored event to be held in Qatar is now subject of some consternation due to the recent blockade of Qatar by five Arab countries. Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain, as well as Egypt and the Maldives severed all political and economic relations with Qatar on June 5, 2017. They accused the country of backing extremist groups, a charge Qatar strongly denies.
Quoting from FIFA president Gianni Infantino at the kick-off ceremony of the mini-stadium project of the Thai Football Association.
President Infantino noted that “2022 FIFA World Cup, which will be held in Qatar after five years, will be a very important event for the Asian continent.” “The Asian continent is very important for the FIFA, especially after the continent has presented impressive examples both at the organisational level and at the results level,” said Infantino.
But a more sinister motive appears to be behind the blockade and recent allegations towards Qatar of supporting the Muslim Brotherhood (believed by Saudi Arabia and the UAE to be a terrorist organization) and the popular Arab world news organization Al Jazeera. A November 9th story from the Gulf Timespublished the news of a plot to manipulate currency and bond markets to cripple the Qatar economy and steal the 2022 World Cup by the UAE.
As noted by the authors Ryan Grim and Ben Walsh of the Intercept, “Targeting a nation’s economy using financial manipulation would be a dramatic break from traditional norms of diplomacy and even warfare.”
They further note:
“One of the plan’s stated aims is forcing Qatar to share soccer’s 2022 World Cup, according to the outline. The strategy laid out in the document calls for using a public relations campaign to point the international soccer body FIFA to Qatar’s dwindling cash reserves, making a case that the small Gulf country can’t afford to build the necessary infrastructure.”
The Elixir of Sports for Easing Geopolitical Tensions
Sporting events are important for peace and can be useful touchstones for resolving regional geopolitical conflicts.
They can also reveal the worst in humanity.
http://www.gulf-times.com/story/573388/2022-World-Cup-very-important-for-Asia-says-FIFA-b#section_192
https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2017/11/21/unpredictable-north-korea-scaring-off-visitors-winter-olympics/880789001/
December 4, 2017 February 19, 2018 1point08#NotFakeNews, control, facism, geopolitics, Olympics, politics
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Atlanta startup creates pill-dispensing device to prevent addiction
By Adina Solomon
BiotechHealthcareStartupsTechInsurance
Georgia has one of the highest numbers of prescription opioid overdose deaths in the U.S., so it’s only natural that local businesses would seek a solution.
Intent Solutions, a startup in Atlanta, has created a pill bottle called Take As Directed (tad). The device dispenses a set dosage of a medication only when a patient is supposed to take it, and it has a biometric fingerprint scanner so no one but the patient can access the medication. Take As Directed also streams all that data to the cloud, so clinicians and researchers can learn more about how people take medicine.
It remains to be seen whether tad will achieve its goal of making it harder for people to abuse prescription opioids. Intent will deploy its first commercial device April 1. The company is distributing 300 tad devices to its customers, which include a large hospice organization and a population health management company. Intent charges for its services, not the actual tad, so depending on how many devices a customer orders and how long each one is used, the cost can range from $1 to $5 a day.
Sam Zamarripa, CEO of Intent and a former Georgia state senator, spoke with Crain’s Atlanta about tad and how Georgia businesses have responded to the opioid crisis.
Why did you decide to create a device to focus on the opioid crisis?
One of our advisory directors who was a friend and acquaintance of the two founders of the company…they had a friend in common who had a direct experience with prescription opioids. He had an accident and he had hip surgery. He was prescribed the medications and he took them and over the course of about seven or eight months, he became addicted. It nearly ruined his life, and he’s been in recovery from that for seven years, so he has a good story to tell. His view was that an open bottle is basically an invitation to take more medicine than you need.
It’s a simple premise that we all operate with, [which] is if one aspirin pill is good, two is better, especially if you’re in pain. That’s fine as long as it doesn’t become three or four or five because prescription opioids, by their very nature, are addictive. That addiction is a chemical addiction that’s very difficult to resist. [This person’s] view is if he had a tool or technology that would have restricted his access to the medications, yet allowed him to have medications as they were prescribed, he felt like it would have possibly eliminated his addiction or would have made it avoidable…
We spent almost a year studying the market. We talked to hundreds of people – doctors and physicians, researchers and pharmaceutical companies – about this issue, and there seemed to be an interest in it, and so we funded the company.
How do you see tad fitting into opioid addiction prevention methods?
If you think about the evolution of the pill bottle – all the way from a little cup, a little glass, an open vial, to plastic – the first major innovations with the pill bottle came with the [Poison Prevention Packaging Act] and then later with the Tylenol scare [in 1982]… The Tylenol scare was a few people that died in Chicago [after taking Tylenol laced with potassium cyanide] and within a matter of months, every cap in America was then not only child-proof. It was sealed. Those innovations were two of the last big innovations in how we manage the vile itself.
Our feeling is that technologies like ours have a big role to play in improving adherence. So in the opioid space, we know – and you can read all the literature – there’s a consensus that pain is a very real thing and if you have it, you know it. The good thing about prescription opioids is that they work. They can relieve pain in people that are suffering with chronic pain.
Our device just gives them a level of safety that didn’t exist before, and it gives their doctors the ability to monitor them more carefully. We think that tad improves the outcome, the intended outcome, of the medication.
How can businesses address the opioid crisis?
Let’s think about it this way: The wonderful thing about technology, both hardware and software, is it allows us to do things more efficiently than we’ve ever been able to do. If you look at the current system there are a lot of moving parts. And in terms of medications that have addictive properties, like oxycodone and others, we think there’s a lot of room for innovation.
So, today for example, most states have what’s called a [prescription drug monitoring program]. That’s a system for reporting the number of medications a person has been prescribed. That system is actually relatively new, but it gives a way of making sure that a single individual is not shopping prescriptions from one pharmacist to another. That’s a good innovation.
If the broader industry were an automobile, just a car moving down the highway, think about all the safety innovations that have been put into cars that have made them safer like the seat belt, but also air bags. All of those innovations are technologies in the same way tad is a technology that improves the safety and the intended use of medications. It is safety belt. It is an air bag. It is a technology that businesses can deploy.
March 6, 2018 - 11:33pm
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Source water protection means protecting our sources of drinking water from contamination or overuse. These sources of water can include surface water, such as lakes, rivers or streams, or groundwater.
The provincial government passed the Clean Water Act in October 2006. It provides the legislative basis for source water protection planning.
In 2000, the Walkerton tragedy showed us how vulnerable our drinking water can be when it is not managed properly. The Walkerton Report called for many changes to how we manage drinking water in Ontario. A number of the recommendations emphasized the need for source water protection. The report also recommended that this be done on a watershed basis by Conservation Authorities.
Multi-Barrier Approach
Source water protection is the first barrier in a multi-barrier approach to protect our drinking water. This multi-barrier approach uses a combination of techniques:
up-to-date water treatment systems
reliable distribution systems
professional training for water managers
careful and regular testing of our water supplies.
Of course, the multi-barrier approach applies mainly to municipal water systems. In most of our rural areas where people rely on wells or surface water intakes for their drinking water, source water protection is often the only barrier available to protect drinking water.
Source water protection planning keeps our water clean not just for drinking purposes, but also for fish, wildlife and recreation. This is vital to the Cataraqui Region with our abundance of lakes, the Rideau Canal, Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River.
Why is the CRCA involved?
Ontario’s Conservation Authorities are recognized for their watershed management knowledge, and connections to local communities. Conservation Authorities have been asked by the province to coordinate a multi-year planning process involving municipalities, community organizations, industries and residents. The plans will be prepared on a watershed basis, either for individual watersheds or groups of watersheds.
How long will this take?
The start-up phase of this project was underway during 2005 through 2007. The source protection plan was submitted to the Ministry of Environment for approval in August 2012. We are awaiting approval of the plan.
Who will pay for the work?
The provincial government paid 100 per cent of the costs to complete the source water protection plans. The responsibility for implementing the plans will be shared between the province, municipalities, local agencies and individual water users.
Detailed information about drinking water source protection is now available on the website www.cleanwatercataraqui.ca.
Drinking Water Source Protection Website
Information about drinking water source protection is located on a separate website. Please visit www.cleanwatercataraqui.ca for the latest information about this project.
To find out more about the Clean Water Act or to review the regulations, please visit the Ontario Ministry of the Environment Clean Water Act Page
Source Water Protection Links
Conservation Ontario - resources on source water protection
Everyone Lives Downstream (PDF - 0.9 MB)
Clean Water Act Quick Reference Guide (PDF - 1 MB)
Roles and Responsibilities for the Clean Water Act (PDF - 0.6 MB)
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Mark Thaisz, general manager of Col-East (left), with James Eddy, president, Col-East and a director of Bluesky.
Bluesky acquires U.S. aerial survey company Col-East
North Adams, Mass. — British aerial mapping company Bluesky International is expanding its business into North America following the acquisition of Col-East Inc., a Massachusetts-based aerial survey company. Col-East has been mapping the Northeast United States for 65 years and will continue as Col-East International Ltd., forming the U.S. arm of Bluesky.
Founded in 1952, Col-East has a long-established reputation for very high-quality topographic mapping with particular expertise in specialized aerial surveys such as high-precision aeronautical mapping requiring highly skilled analysis. Bluesky has seen an increase in the demand for specialized large-scale mapping, 3D modeling and feature extraction in recent years in the European market, and the company intends to apply these skills to the expanding U.S. market.
Bluesky has revolutionized aerial mapping techniques in the UK in recent years, backed by the latest digital cameras and 3D laser mapping technology. The Leicestershire-based company will not only be equipping Col-East aircraft with the latest digital aerial surveying equipment, including cameras and sensors for laser (LiDAR), thermal and infrared capture, but will also be building on the existing technical and highly experienced Col-East skill base by introducing new workflows and image processing techniques honed in the highly competitive UK and European markets.
“Britain has a long tradition as a pioneer in mapping techniques, and the Bluesky team was behind the creation of what was the world’s first nationwide high-resolution aerial photo map, created back in 1998. Since then we have developed new systems and techniques that are underpinning advances in environmental and 3D mapping, and we will be introducing these advancements to the U.S. market with the acquisition of Col-East,” says Rachel Tidmarsh, Managing Director of Bluesky International Ltd.
As well as topographical mapping and aeronautical work, Col-East offers a range of aerial imaging services such as the production of terrain models, orthophotos and volumetrics, providing cost-effective mapping solutions from estates to development sites and complex transportation corridors. Col-East owns a huge archive of aerial photography that has been captured over many years and dates to 1946. Col-East will gain immediate access to Bluesky’s proprietary technology used in the development of some ground-breaking derived products, including 3D building modelling, tree mapping, air quality mapping and statewide solar power potential mapping. Products will also be available to purchase through the new Col-East online Mapshop, which will be launched imminently.
“It’s a very exciting time for Col-East,” commented Mark Thaisz, General Manager at Col-East. “Bluesky is bringing significant investment, new technology and added resources that will allow the business to expand freely. Already we’ve equipped our aircraft with a new Vexcel UltraCam Eagle survey camera which offers high accuracy and unsurpassed clarity to bring a whole new edge to the aerial survey market in New England.”
aerial imaging
Col-East
UAV + Surveying
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Dream Theater announces The Astonishing
by noxon · December 4, 2015
The upcoming album by Dream Theater is called The Astonishing, set for release on January 29th world wide via Roadrunner Records. This is the 13th studio album by the band. Recorded in Cove City Sound Studios in Glen Cove, New York.
This album cover extends an ominous invitation into the retro-futurist dystopian setting of The Astonishing. The deceptively beautiful yet chillingly totalitarian image is a bold harbinger of the visual components and ideas presented by the sonic story that is our most ambitious creative work to date. We are very proud to soon bring you…The Astonishing.
“The new album will be a further progression of the band’s creative identity,” Petrucci told Revolver. “Every time that we go into the studio, we always try to make something that’s better than the last.
Everybody in the band has this kind of attitude where we love doing what we do, we’re very lucky to be able to do what we do, and we feel that the best is still to come. That’s partially why we self-titled our last album, because it signified a new beginning, and the strength of the belief that we have in the future of the band.
A new album project is like a fresh and inspiring blank canvas, and I love that every couple of years you have the opportunity of reinventing, trying something new and starting from scratch. But given the history of the band, you do have to take all of that into account and consider what we’ve done already, what we haven’t explored yet, and what will not only keep us interested and fired up, but will also keep people who listen to the band excited, as well. You really have to deliver the goods—you can’t rest on your laurels, you can’t get lazy.
The first look into the details of the album came from Rolling Stones magazine:
Familiar elements are all in place: extraordinary flights of technical prowess, instantly memorable melodies, James LaBrie’s heroic vocals, John Petrucci’s daredevil guitar feats, Jordan Rudess’ elaborate keyboards, John Myung’s agile bass and Mike Mangini’s fiercely precise drumming. But this time, Petrucci deployed his estimable compositional and lyrical skills in service to a fantasy-oriented plotline in which a determined band of rebels defies the might of an oppressive empire — and the power of music plays a central role. Rather than simply stringing songs together, Petrucci and Rudess fashioned sounds to suit disparate settings and situations, and devised recurring themes to signify characters in the story.
Heightening the drama, Dream Theater bolstered its sound on The Astonishing with a full orchestra, multiple choirs and a clutch of unorthodox instruments. Enlisted to muster those forces was David Campbell, a veteran conductor and orchestrator whose extensive credits include work for film, Broadway, and more than 450 gold and platinum albums by the likes of Paul McCartney, Rush, My Chemical Romance and Campbell’s son, Beck.
Campbell commented: “[This is] probably the most ambitious album project I’ve known, for its stylistic scope and epic forces. In addition to being ace musicians at a stellar level, Dream Theater are masters of melodic and rhythmic excitement, which is dramatically demonstrated when you hear their music accompanied by full orchestra and choirs.”
Dream Theater, one of the most prolific and iconic progressive rock bands of the last thirty years, are set to release their eagerly awaited double concept album, The Astonishing, on January 29. Yesterday the band premiered the album’s lead single, “The Gift of Music,” in an exclusive interview with Rolling Stone in which founding guitarist John Petrucci discussed the origins of the conceptual double album.
“The Astonishing” paints a tale of a retro-futurist post-apocalyptic dystopia ruled by medieval style feudalism. It’s a place aching for a Chosen One to rise above the noise and defeat an Empire defined by the endless drone of noise machines and the illusion of safety in bland conformity.
Consisting of 34 tracks spread across 2 unique acts, The Astonishing is available now for pre-order at all DSP’s (http://flyt.it/DTTheAstonishing), with all orders accompanied by an instant grat download of “The Gift of Music,” which can be heard below. “The Gift of Music” plus additional Dream Theater material can also be streamed here: http://flyt.it/DTTheAstonishingSP (album art and track listing attached).
The Astonishing will also be available in a wide range of distinctive versions, including standard 2-CD set, 4-LP vinyl box set and a limited edition deluxe box set, all of which are currently available for pre-order at http://flyt.it/DTTheAstonishingStore. The limited edition box set contains a 32-page screenplay, a poster, a map, 20 trading cards, and a 3D figure of a NOMAC (from Petrucci’s story), as well as the 2-CD album, all housed in a special box.
In addition, Amazon UK are running a very limited exclusive pre-order offering customers the choice of a free patch (while stocks last) with their two-CD purchase. There are two patches – The Great Northern Empire and the Ravenskill Rebel Militia – to choose from, representing the two sides in the story, which fans have gradually learnt about via the band’s microsite, new character-based Twitter handles, and email missives.
Recorded at Cove City Sound Studios in Glen Cove, New York, with John Petrucci producing, studio luminary Richard Chycki (Aerosmith, Rush) engineering/mixing and legendary arranger, composer and conductor David Campbell orchestrating, The Astonishing paints a tale of a retro-futurist post-apocalyptic dystopia ruled by medieval style feudalism. It’s a place aching for a Chosen One to rise above the noise and defeat an Empire defined by the endless drone of noise machines and the illusion of safety in bland conformity.
Furthermore, Dream Theater are set to kick off a momentous European headline run which will get underway February 18 at the Palladium in London, England. The winter run will see the prog-virtuosos delivering a one-of-a-kind set in which they will be debuting The Astonishing live in its entirety for the very first time. This will be a very special concert, with strong visual components to follow the music. It is exclusively set in concert halls and theatres. Dream Theater will also tour the U.S. in support of The Astonishing this coming spring, performing the double album in its entirety while transforming venues into immersive and interactive settings for a unique and unparalleled live experience. For up-to-the-minute news and ticket information, please visit http://www.dreamtheater.net/tour.
Pre-order Dream Theater’s The Astonishing
We have put together two very special box sets for The Astonishing and we are thrilled to share them with all of you! While you can click on the link below to find all of the details about these beautiful sets, there is one thing that we feel it’s important to explain: there is a specific component to the Deluxe Box Sets that is not only very cool, but that we believe is crucial; the NOMAC 3D replica. Because of the intricacies involved in creating this unique model (they are all hand painted!), it is taking longer than originally anticipated to produce. Of all the items we’ve put together when designing The Astonishing box sets, this is the one we’re most excited about! As a result, the Deluxe Box Sets won’t be shipping until March, so for those of you who choose to pre-order, we’ll be sending you the physical double-album CD, plus a small gift on the date of release, as a sign of our appreciation for your patience while you await delivery of the full package. Trust us, these box sets will be worth the wait!
We can’t tell you how proud and enthused we are about The Astonishing, and we really can’t wait for everyone to hear it!
The Astonishing Track Listing:
1) Descent Of The NOMACS
2) Dystopian Overture
3) The Gift Of Music
4) The Answer
5) A Better Life
6) Lord Nafaryus
7) A Savior In The Square
8) When Your Time Has Come
9) Act Of Faythe
10) Three Days
11) The Hovering Sojourn
12) Brother, Can You Hear Me?
13) A Life Left Behind
14) Ravenskill
15) Chosen
16) A Tempting Offer
17) Digital Discord
18) The X Aspect
19) A New Beginning
20) The Road To Revolution
1) 2285 Entr’acte
2) Moment Of Betrayal
3) Heaven’s Cove
4) Begin Again
5) The Path That Divides
6) Machine Chatter
7) The Walking Shadow
8) My Last Farewell
9) Losing Faythe
10) Whispers On The Wind
11) Hymn Of A Thousand Voices
12) Our New World
13) Power Down
14) Astonishing
Dream Theater Tour Dates:
Feb18 Palladium – London, United Kingdom
Feb22 Carre Theatre – Amsterdam, Netherlands
Feb26 Oslo Concert Hall – Oslo, Norway
Mar1 Cirkus – Stockholm, Sweden
Mar4 Kuppelsaal – Hannover, Germany
Mar5 Le Palais des Congrès de Paris – Paris, France
Mar8 DR Koncerthuset – Copenhagen, Denmark
Mar9 Friedrichspalast – Berlin, Germany
Mar10 RuhrCongress – Bochum, Germany
Mar12 Store Sal Vejle Musikteater – Vejle, Denmark
Mar13 Forest National – Brussels, Belgium
Mar14 Meistersingerhalle – Nurnberg, Germany
Mar15 Alte Oper Hall – Frankfurt, Germany
Mar17 Teatro degli Arcimboldi – Milan, Italy
Mar22 Liederhalle Hegel-Saal – Stuttgart, Germany
Mar23 Kongresshaus – Zurich, Switzerland
Apr14 Le Capitole de Quebec – Quebec City, QC, Canada
Apr15 Bell Centre – Montreal, QC, Canada
Apr16 Sony Centre for the Performing Arts – Toronto, ON, Canada
Apr18 Palace Theatre – Albany, NY, United States
Apr19 Orpheum Theatre – Boston, MA, United States
Apr20 Oakdale Theatre – Wallingford, CT, United States
Apr23 Radio City Music Hall – New York, NY, United States
Apr24 Hippodrome Theatre – Baltimore, MD, United States
Apr26 Palace Theatre – Greensburg, PA, United States
Apr27 Taft Theatre – Cincinnati, OH, United States
Apr30 Chicago Theatre – Chicago, IL, United States
May1 State Theatre – Minneapolis, MN, United States
May3 Paramount Theatre – Denver, CO, United States
May7 The Wiltern – Los Angeles, CA, United States
May10 Schnitzer Auditorium – Portland, OR, United States
May11 Paramount Theatre – Seattle, WA, United States
Next story Dream Theater – The Astonishing
Previous story Dream Theater – Dream Theater
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15 Year Old Excel Champ Thinks It's Cute You Can Data Sort Multiple Columns
Rebecca Rickwood is a 15 year-old girl living in the UK whose name should make you quake in fear. What about a 15 year-old girl could you possibly have to be afraid of? How about the fact that she could whip up a spreadsheet in the time it takes you to fill out your first cell, and could have your job and the jobs of 50 of your colleagues if she wanted?
UK student Rebecca Rickwood has won a global competition to find the best user of Microsoft's spreadsheet software, Excel 2007. Rebecca, who is 15, was one of 228,000 competitors from 57 countries. She beat 78 students in the final round. Competitors were required to perform timed tests to demonstrate their skill at making spreadsheets. Rebecca was presented with her $5000 prize yesterday at a ceremony in San Diego, California. "I heard my name read out in first place and I just couldn't believe it. I'm ecstatic, I just can't believe I won and now I'm world champion. It's a day I'll never forget," she said.
"She scored 1000 out of 1000," her instructor Pam Kitchen told BBC News. Rebecca was then invited to enter the global competition. "She got a hundred percent in the World Championship too." The annual contest involves regional heats across the globe, with winners progressing to a shortlist of ten finalists. Rebecca won out in a list dominated by pupils from Asia.
You've been warned.
UK student wins Microsoft Excel World Championship [BBC]
Financial Services Employee's Excel Spreadsheet Of Dating Prospects Allows For 18 Year-Olds, Has No Room For "Jappy" Girls
Have you ever wanted to bring the same methodical organization and analytical rigor to your dating life that you bring to your work product? Did you think to yourself, "Excel, of course," and proceed to create a spreadsheet that included not simply the names, phone numbers, and photos of the people you were either in the early stages of or attempting to date but the last time you "communicated," the last time (if ever) you saw each other, and your initial thoughts on said person? A document that did not allow you to input a number in the "age" column but choose one from a drop-down list (18-30), just as it constrained you from entering a value of less than 7.0 in the "appearance" field, lest you attempt to veer off course with someone underage, old, or not up to an acceptable level of hotness? Did you tell a person included in said document about its existence and did you proceed to send it to her? At least one financial services professional feels you. From: [redacted] Date: Sat, Apr 7, 2012 at 12:16 AM Subject: spreadsheet... Well...this could be a mistake, but what the hell. I thought about deleting the names, but figured I might as will give you the whole thing. I only deleted the non-match people's names (at the bottom) since some I've known for a long time. I hope this e-mail doesn't backfire, because I really had a great time and hope to hang again soon :). However, I will keep my word! Have a great weekend! Prospects Spreadsheet [PDF]
Layoffs Watch '15: Bank Of America Thinking You Can't Teach An Old Bull New Tricks
A Merrill bull that is.
15 Year-Old Snubs Maria Bartiromo And Erin Burnett
Bonus Watch '15: Close Your Eyes And Think About The Bonus You Got Last Year
We'll wait.
Having George Soros As A Dad Isn't All It's Cracked Up To Be (Well, It Sort Of Is, But Still, It Can Be Tough Sometimes, But Not Usually)
Are there many advantages to being born the son or daughter of a billionaire many times over? Sure. Financial security. Unparalleled opportunities. World is your oyster type stuff. But there's also a dark side that few people ever see or talk about, which can make being astonishingly wealthy by virtue of birth all the more isolating and hard. Today, however, in an effort to show kids born into immense privilege that YOU ARE NOT ALONE, the Times has run a profile of Alexander Soros, son of George, which examines the struggles he faced in coming to terms with being rich. They included: Never getting to live in a McMansion. Alex Soros spent his youth padding around a Charles A. Platt-designed 14-room house on a sprawling country estate in Katonah, N.Y. His mother, Susan Weber Soros, now divorced from his father, founded the Bard Graduate Center for the decorative arts and adorned the house with Sargents and Cassatts. Their place in the city was a duplex at 1060 Fifth Avenue. While his parents worked, he spent much of his time with his younger brother, Gregory, now 23 and pursuing a career as an artist; his nanny, Ping, from China; and the staff...Mr. Soros was acutely aware that he lived in a privileged bubble, and sometimes dreamed of living in a subdivision, where he could play football in the street with other boys. “As a kid, all you want to be is normal,” he said. “When all you’re being fed is vichyssoise, you want to eat Big Macs like everyone else.” Gaining weight. After King Low Heywood Thomas, a prep school in Stamford, Conn., he attended New York University, where he tried to come to grips with expectations that came with his last name. For a period, he brooded, and gained weight. Not being seen as an intellectual. “Alex sought anonymity,” said Adam Braun, a former roommate. “He wanted to be known as the intellectual, not the son of the financier.” Alex hated small talk, Mr. Braun added, and he would ditch parties early to go home and curl up with his Baudrillard. Being seen as a "party-boy" who posted pictures on Facebook with captions like “chilling at dad’s house in Southampton, drinking 40s while cruising on the family boat, and making out with the babes," after posting pictures on Facebook with captions like “chilling at dad’s house in Southampton, drinking 40s while cruising on the family boat, and making out with the babes.” ...after graduation, he came out of his shell and started to socialize. He made new friends, some of whom were nightclub habitués looking to trade on his name, he said. It was around that time that Facebook pictures [“chilling at dad’s house in Southampton, drinking 40s while cruising on the family boat, and making out with the babes"] of him popped up. He was shocked to be portrayed as another helium-weight Hamptons party boy swilling away his trust fund. “I became this caricature,” he said. Ultimately, after "wrestling with his moneyed upbringing," Soros came to grips with who he is and what he's worth, monetarily-speaking. He was born rich and he's OK with that. Mr. Soros, now 26, is taking the stage on his own terms, though in a direction his father clearly approves: philanthropy. Last fall, while pursing his Ph.D. in history at Berkeley, the younger Mr. Soros started the Alexander Soros Foundation. Its stated mission is to promote social justice and human rights...These days, he divides the bulk of his time between Berkeley and New York. Alex admits that his lifestyle is wildly at odds with that of most graduate students. He has a house in North Berkeley, a two-bedroom apartment near Astor Place in Manhattan and a place in South Kensington, London. He collects art by Otto Dix and George Grosz, and has “a couple of Magrittes,” he said. He has also given up on the idea that he can escape public scrutiny. His trip to Florianópolis, a Brazilian island getaway, with buddies a couple of years ago somehow landed on Page Six, which had him partying alongside the actor Stephen Dorff (“I’ve never even met Stephen Dorff,” he said). “I live well,” he told the Times. “I try to stay reasonable, but it’s very hard to say what is reasonable. There’s not a how-to book. In a way, if you try to live quote-unquote normal, you’re being disingenuous.” Making Good On The Family Name [NYT]
29 Year-Old Banker Attempts To Make Sense Of It All With Only One Hand Showing
Here's Hoping You Can Keep This Sort Of Thing Up As A Bank Holding Company
20 Year-Old* Hedge Fund Summer Intern Wouldn't Lower Himself To Working At Goldman Sachs If His Life Depended On It
Oh. No. He. Di'int.
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Digital Marketing Institute Launches Online Masters Degree as Online Business Booms
Digital Marketing Institute and the University of Salford partner to offer MSc in Digital Marketing
November 29th 2017: The Digital Marketing Institute, the global certification standard in digital marketing and digital sales education, today launched a new MSc in Digital Marketing in partnership with the University of Salford in Manchester, former Times Higher Education UK Business School of the Year.
Delivered fully online the part-time Masters degree programme will be available to students globally and offers a self-paced, flexible approach to postgraduate learning.
Designed to develop a deep understanding of the fundamental concepts of digital marketing, the programme is targeted at experienced marketing professionals seeking to progress to more senior roles while validating their expertise with a university degree.
Online Learning Business Booms
Uptake of the Digital Marketing Institute’s online programmes has experienced a boom, with an average of 70% growth in revenues in each of the past three years. This growth is reflective of the intensifying demand in e-learning worldwide, with the market worth an enormous $167 billion in 2015 and set to reach $255 billion this year (World Economic Forum). In a 2016 Global Shapers survey of 25,000 young people worldwide, 78% reported having taken online courses in the past.
Speaking of the new MSc degree and partnership Aaron McKenna, Managing Director at the Digital Marketing Institute said: “This partnership with the University of Salford combines the Digital Marketing Institute’s industry-led syllabus with an academic accreditation to offer one of only a few online Masters degree programmes in digital marketing. The University of Salford’s focus on delivering courses with the future employability of students in mind strongly aligns with our own ethos. The Digital Marketing Institute works closely with leading industry experts to create, review and update the learning outcomes of all our programmes to ensure that course learnings are instantly applicable to any role and aligned to the needs of industry.”
Eileen Roddy, Associate Dean International, Salford Business School at the University of Salford University said: “We are delighted to support the launch of our partnership with the Digital Marketing Institute to ensure a thorough advancement of professional development for practitioners with academic accreditation to Masters, via the MSc Digital Marketing Programme.”
The Digital Marketing Institute has certified more professionals to a single digital education standard than any other certification body. More details on the MSc programme can be found here.
Founded in Dublin, Ireland in 2008, the Digital Marketing Institute is a digital marketing and selling professional certification body. Through its growing network of education partners in 100 countries, it offers an industry-validated professional certification from Associate to Masters level.
About the University of Salford
The University of Salford draws on an iconic industrial heritage to offer real-world learning and research experiences and create highly employable graduates. Salford is ranked by the Sunday Times as one of the best 10 places for graduates to find work.
Leading in media and digital, engineering and health, Salford features in the QS World University Rankings for built environment and civil engineering and won the Times Higher Business School of the Year Award in 2014 and THE Research Project of the Year 2016 for an environmental impact study of Chernobyl.
The University works with more than 1,000 companies annually and was ranked 5th in the UK in the Whitty Review for contacts with small-to-medium enterprises. With almost 20,000 students, many on practical, professionally linked programmes, the University of Salford educates the highest number of people from low-participation backgrounds in the North West of England.
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Wendy Sun will graduate on May 10 from the VCU School of Medicine. (Photo by Tom Kojcsich, University Marketing)
By Leah Small
Wendy Sun’s academic career has taken her from Toronto, Canada, and New York City to Richmond and the Dominican Republic. The Canada native has a bachelor’s degree in biomedical engineering from Columbia University and has helped lead a team of students in the VCU School of Medicine providing medical care to impoverished communities in the Dominican Republic.
Sun will participate in the Yale Emergency Medicine Residency Program after graduating from the VCU School of Medicine on May 10. The opportunity to practice a variety of skills, and problem solve in a team setting, while serving many populations, is what attracted Sun to emergency medicine.
“Emergency medicine physicians need to know a little bit about everything, but at the same time they are experts at managing patients acutely,” Sun said. “I am in the place where I can help anyone, regardless of their socioeconomic, cultural and economic backgrounds.”
Her work in the Dominican Republic with the nonprofit Humanitarian Outreach Medical Brigade Relief Effort, a medical outreach organization of the VCU School of Medicine, exposed her to working with at-risk populations. She led efforts to coordinate scheduling in the HOMBRE clinic, serving patients with diabetes and hypertension.
Sun has a passion for diversity and inclusion, which extends to recruiting more women and minorities into the field of emergency medicine. She serves on the board of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine and helps determine the direction of resident and medical student programming for the society. Sun also created a diversity and inclusion subcommittee in the society to mentor minorities and women in emergency medicine.
Sun also uses her acumen for problem solving, teamwork and biomedical engineering to create devices to improve health care. Her love of medicine and building robots in high school inspired her to become a physician. As a participant in a VCU HealthHacks in her first year of medical school, Sun helped modify an ampoule — a capsule used to store medication. The modification simplifies and shortens the process for delivering a heart rate slowing medication to the heart. She holds a provisional patent for the device.
“We basically took a seven-step process and narrowed it down to a three-step process, and medication administrators would not have to gather as many materials,” Sun said. “The device can be used for many medications that must be administered quickly.”
Sun is currently preparing for her residency at Yale by participating in the VCU School of Medicine Capstone Week. The program refreshes practical clinical skills such as starting IVs and central lines. She is also catching up on local fun such as running on Belle Isle, visiting Colonial Williamsburg, taking a Segway tour of downtown Richmond and connecting with other graduates before the start of her residency.
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Tesla bids for a new world’s largest Powerpack battery system in Colorado
- Mar. 14th 2018 12:48 pm ET
After breaking a few energy storage records with its battery system projects in Australia, Tesla looks to come back to the US to build a new world’s largest Powerpack battery system in Colorado.
Earlier this year, we reported on Xcel Energy, an electric utility company operating across the Midwest, Colorado and several other states, requesting bids for major renewable energy and storage projects in Colorado.
Some of the bids for standalone battery systems as well as batteries with solar and wind installations were among the best seen to date.
Now, Xcel has confirmed the companies placing the bids on the projects, including Tesla and NextEra Energy for standalone battery projects.
Tesla refused to comment on the project since it’s just in the proposal phase at this point, but Xcel’s documents show that it would become the biggest Powerpack project in the world if the electric utility decides to greenlight the proposal.
In South Australia, Tesla’s 100MW/ 129MWh Powerpack project is known as “the most powerful battery system in the world” and while this proposal in Colorado would not be as powerful with a power capacity of 75 MW, it would be able to run for 4 hours, which would require a much bigger energy capacity of 300 MWh.
It would be a major energy storage project that would represent twice the energy capacity that Tesla deployed during the entire last quarter. It would consist of as many as 1,500 Powerpack 2 battery systems.
Tesla calls the project ‘Forrest Lake’, which likely means that it is located in Forrest Lake, Colorado – just west of Colorado Springs and about 100 miles outside of Denver.
The majority of the electricity produced in Colorado currently comes from coal and natural gas, but they are increasingly adding renewable energy sources and energy storage could facilitate the use of the latter and make the overall grid more efficient and stable.
After a few months in operation, Tesla’s battery system in South Australia is already proving quite useful both for the overall grid and the battery operator.
As we previously reported, the giant battery system made around $1 million in just a few days back in January and it is already eating away at ‘gas cartel’s’ profits, according to a recent report.
The energy market in Colorado is nowhere near as bad as it is currently in South Australia. Therefore, we can’t expect an impact as great, but an energy storage capacity of this magnitude could certainly help the grid make better use of its current power capacity and rely less on costly and polluting peaker plants.
There are many other bids in Xcel’s solicitation reports and it could go many different ways, but the projects are all quite big. We will keep track of this initiative and report back.
Here’s the Xcel report of solicitations for the energy storage and renewable energy projects:
Tesla is a transportation and energy company. It sells vehicles under its 'Tesla Motors' division and stationary battery pack for home, commercial and utility-scale projects under its 'Tesla Energy' division.
Tesla Powerpack
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GM hits electric vehicle tax credit threshold, phase-out to start in April
- Jan. 3rd 2019 9:54 am ET
After Tesla last year, GM has become the second automaker to deliver 200,000 electric vehicles in the US – triggering the phase-out of the $7,500 tax credit.
Potential Bolt EV and Volt buyers have until the end of March to take delivery in order to claim the full tax credit.
GM had already been guiding that it would the threshold in the fourth quarter of 2018, but it has now confirmed it with the release of its delivery results.
The automaker delivered 6,212 Bolt EVs and 5,063 Volts in the US during the fourth quarter.
Based on the tax code, the phase-out starts after the end of the quarter following the quarter in which an automaker delivers its 200,000th electric vehicle in the US.
Tesla delivered its 200,000th electric vehicle in the US at the beginning of July 2018, which resulted in the phase-out starting in January.
For GM, it will start in April – the start of Q2 2019.
The automaker hit the threshold even though its electric vehicle sales went down in the US last year.
In its delivery report, GM confirmed that it delivered 18,019 Bolt EVs in the US in 2018. That’s down over 22% from 2017.
That’s even though GM claims to have increased production during the fourth quarter, but they say that some of that production went to other markets.
They wrote in the delivery result press release:
“GM increased production of the Chevrolet Bolt EV during the fourth quarter to meet strong global demand, including higher than expected demand in South Korea and Canada, and to begin rebuilding U.S. dealer inventories.”
GM actually delivered more Volts than Bolt EVs in the US in 2018.
The company confirmed today that they delivered 18,306 Volts over the last 12 months – down 10% over the previous year.
Interestingly, the timing of the tax credit phase-out for GM coincides with the end of the production of the Volt.
Last year, the company announced that they will shut down production of the Chevy Volt in March 2019 – virtually killing the vehicle after 8 years.
Electrek’s Take
I think the phase-out of the electric vehicle tax credit is going to be pretty hard on the Bolt EV.
It might still be popular in some markets where the $3,750 credit can be combined with a local incentive, like in California, but I think sales will slow down significantly in other markets.
GM needs new electric vehicle options and higher EV production.
Tesla hit the threshold with an EV production capacity of over 300,000 vehicles per year. As for GM, it looks like it is producing at a rate of about 50,000 units per year.
It means that it won’t be able to take advantage of the phase-out period.
They have been promising new electric vehicles including 5 crossovers, 2 minivans, 7 SUVs, and more, but we have yet to even see concepts for any of those.
Hopefully, that will change in 2019.
The Chevrolet Bolt EV
The Chevy Bolt EV is GM's first long-range all-electric vehicle. It's a compact utility vehicle with 238 miles of range and a starting price of $37,500 before incentives. Also it is 200hp quick!
GM designs and manufactures a few electric vehicles under its brands. Like the Volt and the Bolt with Chevrolet.
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Home > Council to review Secondary transfer for Craighead & Lennoxtown Primaries
Council to review Secondary transfer for Craighead & Lennoxtown Primaries
At its meeting last night (Thursday 9 May), the Council agreed to carry out an informal consultation on the secondary school transfer arrangements for the children that attend Craighead Primary School in Milton of Campsie and Lennoxtown Primary School.
Joint Council Leader Andrew Polson explained, “In the current arrangements these two schools are in the catchment area for St Ninian’s High School in Kirkintilloch and are also zoned to Kilsyth Academy and parents can choose either school – an arrangement that has been in place since 1997.
“There has been a significant increase in recent years in the numbers of pupils transferring to St Ninian’s, and these will soon not be able to be accommodated given current roll projections, so it is only right that we start the consultation process to seek the views of these school communities.”
In order to make any changes to the catchment area of a school, the Council would need to carry out a statutory consultation as detailed in the Schools (Consultation) (Scotland) Act 2010. The guidance accompanying the Act advises that an informal consultation can also be carried out.
Joint Council Leader Vaughan Moody clarified, “An informal consultation does not remove the need for a formal process but it can be really helpful in gathering views and informing the formal consultation should the Council agree to proceed with that.
“Our plan is to carry out the informal consultation with the parents and children of both primary schools, and also to engage with the Catholic Church and with the Parent Councils of the secondary schools in Kirkintilloch and Lenzie. Officers will then bring a report back to the Council to consider and agree the next steps.”
Council Officers have also had initial discussions with Education colleagues in North Lanarkshire, and following the decision to proceed with an informal consultation, engagement with North Lanarkshire Council will continue to understand the impact of any catchment area changes in Milton of Campsie and Lennoxtown on Kilsyth Academy.
A further report will be considered by the Council on conclusion of the informal consultation.
Follow us on Twitter @EDCouncil or like us on Facebook
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Fall Digital Issue 2017
Managing Enterprise Content: The State of ECM and FSS
Oct. 16 2017 07:13 AM
By Holly Muscolino @hmuscolino Connect Website
This article appears in the Fall 2017 digital issue of DOCUMENT Strategy. Subscribe.
Image by: scyther5, ©2017 Getty Images
Much has been written about renaming and recategorizing technologies in the enterprise content management (ECM) space, and it is true that traditional ECM solutions have developed into application suites, which offer a broadening range of content management, collaboration, and workflow automation capabilities. Recent innovations from both established vendors and new entrants include cloud enablement and a shift toward easier-to-use interfaces for business users. We have also seen consumer file synchronization and sharing (FSS) services morph into enterprise-grade solutions, adding capabilities traditionally found in ECM offerings, with additional support for enterprise collaboration. These FSS solutions are now addressing the control and security needs of information technology (IT) departments.
So, the boundaries between these technologies are evolving, expanding, morphing, merging, modularizing, and blending, but the requirement for organizations to manage content is as compelling as ever. For these reasons, we conducted a study earlier in the year to assess user needs and challenges related to managing enterprise content. We surveyed 375 technology influencers and/or decision makers in US organizations that had deployed or were evaluating ECM or FSS software.
It is no big surprise that reducing cost, improving operational efficiency, and increasing employee productivity continue to be the primary drivers for transforming content-intensive workflows and managing enterprise content. One-third of respondents also cite improving collaboration, both internally and with partners, as a key driver. While ECM is more often deployed to manage final-form content and as part of a content workflow automation or case management solution, FSS is considered more for supporting enterprise collaboration.
On average, only 40% of an organization’s content is managed by an enterprise-sanctioned ECM or FSS solution. Organizations (across all company sizes) typically have four different ECM systems by various vendors implemented at their company. Interestingly, over 65% of respondents expect to increase their budget for ECM over the next two years, and 47% expect an increased budget for FSS. At least part of this will be driven by consolidation—over 40% of respondents indicate that their organization will consolidate ECM vendors in the next 12 to 18 months, and almost one-third will consolidate their FSS providers. Only one-third of respondents expect no change, indicating a very dynamic market ahead.
When asked for the motivations behind changing, reducing, and/or consolidating their ECM or FSS suppliers, respondents cite obtaining additional capabilities and reducing the number of suppliers to deal with as the top reasons. In regard to ECM, almost 40% of respondents indicate the need to move content to the cloud, while one-third of respondents indicate the need to switch from FSS to an ECM solution.
Clearly, one solution (or solution category) is not meeting all needs. However, we believe that the days of deploying a monolithic, one-size-fits-all solution are rapidly fading. Instead, we expect to see larger numbers of purpose-built content management solutions, using the most suitable modules drawn from a common technology stack, with the goal of improving stakeholder and customer experience. As a result, traditional technology boundaries will diminish. Management tasks will be increasingly offloaded to cognitive solutions, including artificial intelligence (AI). In fact, in this research, over 60% of respondents indicate that they are currently using or planning to implement cognitive and AI technologies to manage unstructured content in their organization.
Yes, the requirement for organizations to manage enterprise content is as compelling as ever, but the metamorphosis of the technologies to support that effort continues.
Holly Muscolino is the Research Vice President of the Content Technologies and Document Workflow group at IDC and is responsible for research related to enterprise content management, including records management and case management. Follow Holly on Twitter @hmuscolino.
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Nacogdoches’ Brandon Jones, Nation’s Top-Rated Safety, Signs With Texas
Nacogdoches safety Brandon Jones officially signed with Texas on Wednesday morning.
NACOGDOCHES -- The momentum for the Texas Longhorns' 2016 signing class has been picking up steam for a couple of weeks. Head coach Charlie Strong and company were just counting down the hours to National Signing Day.
And the payoff came Wednesday morning as Texas landed some of the county's top-ranked uncommitted recruits, including perhaps the jewel of the Horns' class.
Nacogdoches five-star free safety Brandon Jones ended almost two years of speculation by signing with the Longhorns in front of hundreds of friends and family members and ESPNU television cameras during a ceremony in the high school gym.
Jones, who had more than 40 of the biggest college programs in the nation extend offers his way, narrowed his list to three Monday evening -- Baylor, Texas A&M, and Texas.
As soon as Jones' live-TV proclamation and ESPNU producers gave him the "all clear," it was if the weight of the world had been taken off the 18-year old's shoulders.
"It's a sigh of relief, just some freedom that I can have that I haven't had in a while," Jones said. "It's been a really tough process, and a long process at that, but I think I did everything right. I just wanted to make sure I made the right decision, which I did."
His mother was the happiest soul in the room.
"This has been an exciting process, but it has been so long and so arduous. It has infiltrated every moment of our lives almost for two years," Sarah Jones said. "I am way past ready for it to be over, I'm ready for life to return to normal. I want him to enjoy his senior year and have a couple months as a kid before life gets crazy and hectic and he has to hit it hard for college."
Despite being the center of attention for college coaches and fans across the nation, being a recruit as coveted as Jones can often make teenagers feel more alone than normal.
But, luckily, Jones shared a special kinship with one of those coaches. Former Gilmer head coach and current Longhorns tight ends coach and special teams coordinator Jeff Traylor was hired by Strong last February, and was quickly put in charge of recruiting the East Texas region.
"I've got a really good relationship with Coach Traylor," Jones said. "With him being from East Texas, he's been recruiting me really hard ever since he got that job down there. He kinda took that place as a father figure and he was always there for me."
Family was important to the entire Jones family.
"I think with Coach Strong and his staff, the first thing I think about when I think about them: they're just really family oriented," Sarah Jones said. "They're going to take care of my kid when I can't be there. I feel comfortable knowing he's going to be watched over and taken care of."
Jones was a big key to the Longhorns' late recruiting surge. Texas began Wednesday morning ranked just outside the top 25 nationally by recruiting service Scout.com, but thanks to a big National Signing Day, the Longhorns will finish with a top 10 recruiting class.
The only five-star Texas signee was Jones, and he'll join a Texas secondary that played several blue-chip true freshmen in 2015, including Kris Boyd (Gilmer native), Holton Hill, P.J. Locke, and Davante Davis.
"Honestly, I think we'll be one of the best secondaries in the Big 12, if not the nation," Jones said. "Having some of the young players already getting experience and developing, I can step in and we can be that much better. I think we'll be really dangerous."
Texas is seeking significant improvement in year three under Strong, who's just 11-14 in Austin.
The lack of success hasn't hurt Strong's recruiting, though, as the Longhorns have now put together back-to-back top 10 signing classes.
"At my official visit I just had a really good time," Jones said. "The player panel that we had at the official, the players just being honest and saying nothing but positive things without being put up to it by any of the coaches really stuck out to me -- just how welcoming and open all the coaches are not just as a football player, but also as a man."
Jones, who enjoyed breakout success as a sophomore during the 2013 season, spent half of his junior year on the sidelines with a knee injury. Some questioned if he'd be as strong as a senior.
Those concerns were put to rest. Jones finished with 135 tackles, 19 for loss, and had two interceptions and one forced fumble in 10 games. He was the USA Today's national Defensive Player of the Year, and earned first-team honors on the ETSN.fm East Texas Football Super Team.
But as soon as Jones' season came to an end in November, the all-out recruiting blitz made its way to Nacogdoches.
"This last month has been really stressful, taking official visits every weekend and stuff like that," Jones said. "I just got a chance to get out and see things for myself. I loved all the campuses, but I just felt like Texas was more like home for me."
Jones' mother is ready for things to go back to normal.
"With all the different coaches from all the different schools coming and wanting home visits, so I'm scheduling three or four home visits while I'm at my job, before I go to work, when I get off work or taking the kids to practice. You don't have a life because you have to fit all these coaches in."
Not as thrilled about Jones leaving Nacogdoches is his high school coach, Bobby Reyes.
"He handled it all just beautifully," Reyes said. "I've got a lot of respect for Brandon, and I think he's got a lot of respect for me. I'm just really happy for him and really happy for Sarah and the boys."
Filed Under: 2016 National Signing Day, Nacogdoches
Categories: Class 5A, eBlast, Football, News, Recruiting
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News Release 23-Apr-2019
Low mobility predicts hospital readmission in older heart attack patients
Close to 20% of elderly adults who have suffered a heart attack will be readmitted to the hospital within 30 days. Performance on a simple mobility test is the best predictor of whether an elderly heart attack patient will be readmitted, a Yale-led study reports.
Appearing in Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, the study describes the first risk model for hospital readmission specifically developed for older heart attack patients. Hospital readmissions are costly and detrimental to patient health, so an applicable risk model can inform efforts to avert early readmissions, say the researchers.
A free version of their risk model is now available online, and an app-based version will be available soon.
"Clinicians have often relied on their 'clinical intuition' to incorporate patients' functional impairments into prognosis," said Sarwat Chaudhry, M.D., principal investigator and associate professor of medicine at Yale. "Our model gives clinicians an objective risk model that they can use to incorporate information about functional impairments to judge risk for adverse outcomes after hospitalization for heart attack."
Given the aging of the population, there has been growing interest in the role of functional impairments -- including in muscle strength, walking, memory, vision, and hearing -- in determining the prognosis for patients after major events such as heart attacks, explained Chaudhry. Previous risk models hadn't considered these functional impairments, as they aren't generally available in registries and trials.
In this study, mobility was assessed using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, which involves timing patients as they stand up from a seated position and then walk 10 feet. The TUG test is ideal for capturing functional mobility because it combines several basic mobility skills and can be performed in a small space with limited equipment, said the researchers. They found that patients who took more than 25 seconds on their TUG test were nearly twice as likely to be readmitted after a heart attack than those who completed it in less than 15 seconds.
"When older patients are being discharged from the hospital after having a heart attack, it's important to consider and address mobility impairments," said Chaudhry. "We can measure this quite easily -- and we should. Mobility impairment provides important prognostic information on top of the clinical indicators we've traditionally relied on."
Other strong predictors of readmission within 30 days were prior chronic lung disease, arrhythmias, and acute kidney injuries. This data came from the sample collected for the larger SILVER-Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) study, a comprehensive evaluation of older adults with heart attacks. Future studies from the SILVER-AMI data will provide information about mortality, falls, and quality of life in this population, noted Chaudhry.
Other authors include John A. Dodson, Alexandra M. Hajduk, Terrence E. Murphy, Mary Geda, Harlan M. Krumholz, Sui Tsang, Michael G. Nanna, Mary E. Tinetti, David Goldstein, Daniel E. Forman, Karen P. Alexander, and Thomas M. Gill.
Funding for the study was provided by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health.
Kendall Teare
kendall.teare@yale.edu
Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes
NIH/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
CRITICAL CARE/EMERGENCY MEDICINE
http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.118.005320
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At-home support helps stroke patients adjust after hospital stay Michigan State University
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Remembering and Honoring Jane Gentry
By Mack McCormick and Whitney Hale
Poet Jane Gentry was a beloved and influential University of Kentucky educator, mentor to generations of young writers, former poet laureate for the Commonwealth, and a unique Kentucky voice. A retrospective of the celebrated poet’s work, “The New and Collected Poems of Jane Gentry,” edited by UK Professor of English Julia Johnson and published by University Press of Kentucky (UPK), was named this year's Thomas D. Clark Medallion recipient and will be recognized at an award ceremony Oct. 26, at the Filson Historical Society in Louisville, Kentucky.
The Thomas D. Clark Medallion is presented by the Thomas D. Clark Foundation, which was established in 1994 in honor of Thomas D. Clark, Kentucky’s historian laureate and founder of UPK. Since 2012, the foundation has chosen one book each year that highlights Kentucky history and culture to be honored with a Clark Medallion. Previous medallion recipients are "Kentucky Government, Politics and Public Policy," "The Hills Remember: The Complete Short Stories of James Still," "Violence Against Women in Kentucky: A History of U.S. and State Legislative Reform," The Kentucky African American Encyclopedia and "Kentucky and the Great War: World War I on the Home Front."
The Clark Medallion literary program and awards ceremony will feature Julia Johnson with three of Kentucky’s most distinguished writers and poets laureate — Sena Jeter Naslund, Frederick Smock and Richard Taylor — who will celebrate Gentry’s remarkable work. The event will begin 6 p.m. Thursday, Oct. 26, at the Filson Historical Society located at 1310 S. 3rd St. in Louisville. Individuals interested in attending the free public event should register online at: http://filson.simpletix.com/EventDetails/31609/Time/70480/#.WeTdL1uPJjc.
A true practitioner of her craft, Jane Gentry had an uncanny ability to spin quietly expansive and wise verses from small details, objects and remembered moments, perfectly capturing the essence of lyricism. Her poetry is deeply rooted in place, exuding a strong connection to the life and land of her native Kentucky. When she passed away from cancer in 2014, shortly after her retirement from UK, Jeff Clymer, chairman of the Department of English, and Mark Kornbluh, dean of the College of Arts and Sciences, wrote in a joint letter to the university, “As a poet, Jane wrote with insight and grace of family, of the intricacies of our emotions, and of the ironies of everyday life. Her moving and elliptical poetry gave us new ways to think about life's complexities, often with a dash of ironic humor.”
“The New and Collected Poems of Jane Gentry” offers a valuable retrospective of the celebrated poet’s work. Upon learning of her diagnosis, Gentry and her daughters began collaborating with editor Julia Johnson to organize the definitive collection of her work. Alternately startling and heart-wrenching, the result is the entirety of Gentry’s published work alongside new, previously unpublished poems.
This volume includes two previously published full-length collections of poetry in their entirety — “A Garden in Kentucky” and “Portrait of the Artist as a White Pig.” The final section includes Gentry’s unpublished work, from verses written for loved ones to a large group of recent poems intended for future collections.
Johnson uses Gentry’s own methodology to organize the book, showcasing the range of the poet’s work and the flexibility of her style — sometimes ironic and humorous; sometimes poignant; but always clear, intelligent and revelatory. Since many of the poems are undated, Johnson arranged the final section, “Late Poems,” by thematic principles into four sections. Additionally, several early unpublished poems are included.
“Like Elizabeth Bishop, Jane Gentry is a poet of houses and family history; like Muriel Rukeyser, she is a poet of the body and the body politic. At once earthy and learned, wild and restrained, she is a poet of the whole self. Her work draws strength and subject from its Kentucky roots,” said George Ella Lyon, Kentucky poet laureate (2015–2016) and author of “Many-Storied House: Poems.”
“In poem after poem in this rich and important collection, Jane Gentry commemorates her personal history through the lens of poetry — family, friends, the seasons, the flora and fauna she moves through. This book is a love song to Kentucky,” wrote Jeff Worley, editor of “What Comes Down to Us: 25 Contemporary Kentucky Poets.”
This publication will delight readers of poetry, supporters of Kentucky literature, teachers and students engaged in ensuring the future of literature from our region, and anyone who honors the exploration of what it truly means to be fully alive and fully human.
Jane Gentry (1941–2014), also known as Jane Gentry Vance, worked as a professor of English at UK for 40 years. The author of large body of poetry as well as critical essays and book reviews, she served as Kentucky’s poet laureate from 2007-2008.
Julia Johnson is professor of English and teaches in the MFA program in creative writing at UK. She is the author of three collections of poetry, “Subsidence,” “The Falling Horse” and “Naming the Afternoon.”
UPK is the scholarly publisher for the Commonwealth of Kentucky, representing a consortium that includes all of the state universities, five private colleges, and two historical societies. The press’ editorial program focuses on the humanities and the social sciences. Offices for the administrative, editorial, production and marketing departments of the press are found at UK, which provides financial support toward the operating expenses of the publishing operation through the UK Libraries.
UK is the University for Kentucky. At UK, we are educating more students, treating more patients with complex illnesses and conducting more research and service than at any time in our 150-year history. To read more about the UK story and how you can support continued investment in your university and the Commonwealth, go to: uky.edu/uk4ky. #uk4ky #seeblue
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Jonathan Allison
Professor of English
jalliso@uky.edu
Other Affiliations:
W.B. Yeats International Summer School
University Press of Kentucky
University of Kentucky Libraries National Advisory Board
Nineteenth-Century British Literature and Culture
Twentieth and Twenty-First Century British Literature and Culture
Office hours: M,T, 2.00-3.30
BA, PGCE Queen's University, Belfast
MA, PhD University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Twentieth-Century British and Irish Literature
Irish and Scottish Studies
Jonathan Allison specializes in modern British and Irish literature. His main research interests are in modern poetry, especially W.B. Yeats and the Revival, the Auden generation (including Louis MacNeice), and Irish writing since 1939. He teaches courses on twentieth-century writing, and the Survey of British Literature, 1750-2000.
Allison's annotated edition of Letters of Louis MacNeice (Faber and Faber, 2010) was named a 2010 'Book of the Year' by the Times Literary Supplement. You can listen to a review of Letters of Louis MacNeice here: Off the Shelf (April 2011.) In 2014, he gave the BBC Louis MacNeice Memorial Lecture at Queen's University, Belfast and in 2015 he was a plenary speaker at the Conference on Literature and the Supernatural at University College London. He has edited several essay collections, including Yeats's Political Identities (University of Michigan Press, 1996), Poetry and Contemporary Culture, with Andrew Roberts (Edinburgh University Press, 2002) and Bound for the 1890s (Rivendale Press, 2007). His essays have appeared in many journals, including Colby Quarterly, Critical Survey, Sewanee Review, South Atlantic Review,Yearbook of English Studies, Yeats: An Annual of Critical and Textual Studies. He previously taught at University College London and the University of Michigan and has worked as an editorial assistant with the London Review of Books. He has been Fellow at the Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities, University of Edinburgh. A former Director of the W. B. Yeats International Summer School, Sligo, he contributed to the documentary film The Passions of William Butler Yeats (Adventures of Young Indiana Jones), produced by Lucasfilm.
He has served as Interim Director of the University Press of Kentucky (2015-2016), former Chair of the Editorial Board of the University Press, and a member of the University of Kentucky Libraries National Advisory Board. He was general editor of the series Irish Literature, History and Culture. In 2017 he hosted the Southern regional meeting of the American Conference for Irish Studies at the University of Kentucky.
(Editor) Letters of Louis MacNeice. London: Faber and Faber, 2010. xlvii + 768pp.
(Editor) Bound for the 1890s: Essays on Writing and Publishing in Honor of James G. Nelson. Foreword by G. Thomas Tanselle. High Wycombe: Rivendale Press, 2006. 204pp.
(Co-editor with Andrew Roberts) Poetry and Contemporary Culture: the Question of Value. Edinburgh University Press and Columbia University Press, 2002. 250pp.
(Editor) Poetry for Young People: William Butler Yeats. Illustrations by Glenn Harrington. New York: Sterling, 2002.
(Editor) Yeats's Political Identities. University of Michigan Press, 1996. 352pp.
Patrick Kavanagh: A Reference Guide. Foreword by Maurice Harmon. New York: G. K. Hall, 1996. 220pp.
Selected articles and chapters
"Louis MacNeice and His Archives." The Contemporary Poetry Archive, eds. Linda Anderson, Mark Byers, Ahren Warner. Edinburgh University Press, 2019, 80-91.
"Heaney and Politics." Seamus Heaney in Context, ed. Geraldine Higgins. Cambridge University Press, 2019.
"Strange Meeting: Ghosts in Modern Poetry." From the Supernatural to the Uncanny, eds. Stephen M. Hart, Zoltan Biedermann. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2017, 120-33
“Memory and Starlight in Late MacNeice.” Oxford Handbook of Modern Irish Poetry, eds. Fran Brearton and Alan Gillis. Oxford University Press, 2012, 394-407
“Pure Form and Impure Poetry.” Incorrigibly Plural: Louis MacNeice and his Legacy, eds. Edna Longley and Fran Brearton. Carcanet Press, 2012, 42-54
"Galway, Coole and Ballylee." W.B. Yeats in Context, eds. David Holdeman and Ben Levitas, Cambridge University Press, 2010, 98-108
"'The Old Moon-Phaser:' Auden, MacNeice and Yeats." South Carolina Review (fall) 2010: 138-50.
"'Playing around with quotations and stuff:' Ciaran Carson's Snow." Carson et Cetera: A Festschrift for Ciaran Carson, eds. Ian Sansom, Richard Irvine. Belfast: QUB, 2008, 109-13
"W. B.Yeats and Politics.” Cambridge Companion to W.B.Yeats, eds. John Kelly and Marjorie Howes. Cambridge University Press, 2006, 185-205
"War, Passive Suffering and the Poet." Sewanee Review CXIV (spring) 2006: 207-19.
"The Reception of W.B.Yeats in Ireland since 1950." Reception of Yeats in Europe. Ed. K.P.S.Jochum. London, New York: Continuum Press, 2006, 231-54.
"Magical Nationalism, Lyric Poetry and the Marvellous.” A Companion to Magical Realism. Eds. Stephen M. Hart, Wen-chin Ouyang. London: Tamesis (Boydell & Brewer), 2005, 228-36.
"'Friendship's Garland:' the Manuscripts of Seamus Heaney's 'Fosterage.'" Yearbook of English Studies. London: MHRA, 2005, 58-71.
"Patrick Kavanagh and Anti-Pastoral." Cambridge Companion to Contemporary Irish Poetry, ed. Matthew Campbell. Cambridge University Press, 2003, 42-58.
"Contemporary Poetry and the Great War." Poetry and Contemporary Culture. Eds. J. Allison & A. Roberts. Edinburgh University Press, 2002, 209-26.
"Seamus Heaney and the Romantic Image." Sewanee Review CVI (spring) 1998: 184-201.
"W.B.Yeats and Shakespearean Character." Shakespeare and Ireland, eds. Mark Thornton Burnett and Ramona Wray. London: Macmillan, 1997, 114-135
"Beyond Gentility: A Note on Seamus Heaney and American Poetry." Critical Survey, Oxford University Press, (spring) 1996: 178-85.
"The Rose, the Reader, and Yeats's Intentions." Yeats: An Annual of Critical and Textual Studies. University of Michigan Press, 1995: 3-10.
Doctoral dissertations supervised
Andrew Beutel, The Revolt Against Mourning: Joyce, Woolf, Faulkner (2019)
Hannah Ruehl, Understanding the Gray: Ageing Women in Victorian Fiction and Culture (2018)
Leah Hutchison Toth, Resonant Texts: Sound Revolutions in Technology and Modern Literature (2016)
George Phillips, Seeing Subjects: Recognition, Identity, and Visual Cultures in Literary Modernism (2011)
Charles Hampton Poff, Truths Universally Acknowledged: The Problem of Romantic Education (2007)
Elizabeth Tashery Shannon, Tree and Gyre: Yeats's Poems, Occultism, and A Vision (2005)
Sarah Jane Stafford, George Eliot’s Rewriting of Sir Walter Scott (2003)
Selected courses taught
Seminar on W.B.Yeats (740)
Poetry and Modernism, 1900-1945 (740)
Contemporary British Poetry and Culture Since 1950 (642)
Modernism and Ireland (642)
Bibliography and Textual Studies (600)
Honors Seminar: Seamus Heaney (495)
Yeats and Joyce (481G)
British Writers of the Thirties (481G)
Modern British Poetry (481G)
Scottish Literature (481G)
Irish Literature (481G)
British Fiction Since 1950 (481G)
The Swinging Sixties (440G)
Elegy and Love Poetry (345)
Ulysses in Context (330)
Nineteen Eighty-Four in Context (330)
Survey of English Literature II (242)
The Thistle and Shamrock: Scotland, Ireland and America (230)
Exhibitions at Special Collections, University of Kentucky Libraries (curated by Jonathan Allison and James Birchfield)
All the Olympians: Modern Irish Manuscripts and Editions (opened by Ronald Schuchard), spring 2017
Four Nobel Laureates: Yeats, Shaw, Beckett, Heaney (opened by Seamus Heaney), spring 2006
Scottish Books and Manuscripts: Exhibition (opened by Ian Duncan and Patrick Scott), fall 2005
The 1890s: Symposium and Exhibition (opened by James G. Nelson), fall 2004
Irish Literature 1700-1945: An Exhibition (opened by Helen Vendler), spring 2003
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Henry Thompson's Clifton Mansion
By Johns Hopkins
Henry Thompson was born in 1774 in Sheffield, England and came to Baltimore in 1794, where he became a member of the Baltimore Light Dragoons. He was elected captain of this company in 1809, six years after completing a house called "Clifton" in what is now Clifton Park in Baltimore City but back then was Baltimore County. By 1813, Captain Thompson had disbanded the Light Dragoons and formed a mounted company called The First Baltimore Horse Artillery. Brigadier General John Stricker soon enlisted Captain Thompson and his horsemen to act as mounted messengers traveling between Washington and Bladensburg to report on the movements of British troops and ships. The unit also became the personal guard to General Samuel Smith, who commanded the defenses during the Battle of Baltimore and Ft. McHenry in 1814.
Henry Thompson contributed much to Baltimore in addition to his War of 1812 service. In 1816, he built and was president of the Baltimore and Harford Turnpike Company, now Harford Road. In 1818, he served on the Poppleton Commission that laid out the street grid in Baltimore that we have today. He was also a director of the Port Deposit Railroad, The Bank of Baltimore, the Merchant's exchange, the Board of Trade, the Baltimore Insurance Company, and, to boot, he was the recording secretary of the Maryland Agricultural Society. Later in life he served as a marshal at the dedication ceremonies of the Washington Monument and Battle Monument, and Grand Marshal of a procession commemorating the death of General Lafayette in 1834.
As for Clifton Mansion, Thompson owned the property until 1835. During that time, he hosted a number of notables that include Maryland Governor Charles Ridgely of Hampton, Alexander Brown (considered America's first investment banker), Henry Clay (who early in his political career was a chief agitator for declaring war on Britain in 1812), and General Winfield Scott (who commanded forces in 1812 and later masterminded the Union's military strategy in the Civil War). In 1835, Thompson sold Clifton to a gentleman named Daniel Cobb. Thompson died shortly after, in 1837, and Cobb went broke. After failing to make his mortgage payments, Thompson's heirs reclaimed Clifton. The heirs soon sold the house and grounds to a prosperous and up and coming Baltimore merchant looking for a fine summer estate. That, of course, was Johns Hopkins, and a story for another day.
Postcard, Clifton Mansion: Postcard view of "Johns Hopkins' Mansion" in Clifton Park. ~ Source: Friends of Clifton Mansion
Clifton Mansion ~ Source: Friends of Clifton Mansion
Clifton Mansion: A view of Clifton Mansion on a cold winter afternoon. ~ Source: Baltimore Heritage ~ Creator: Eli Pousson ~ Date: 2018 February 17
Mural, Clifton Mansion: Civic Works is restoring this picturesque mural depicting an Italian city in Clifton Mansion. ~ Source: Baltimore Heritage ~ Creator: Eli Pousson ~ Date: 2018 February 17
2701 St. Lo Drive, Baltimore, MD 21213
The Clifton Mansion – Civic Works
Johns Hopkins, “Henry Thompson's Clifton Mansion,” Explore Baltimore Heritage, accessed July 17, 2019, https://explore.baltimoreheritage.org/items/show/22.
Witness to the War of 1812
Doors Open Baltimore
Harford Road
Henry Thompson
Northeast Baltimore
St. Lo Drive
Published on Apr 3, 2012. Last updated on Nov 27, 2018.
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Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy movie in theaters
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (movie)
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy movie based upon the popular book by Douglas Adams has been released. The movie was written by Douglas Adams and Karey Kirkpatrick, and stars Martin Freeman as Arthur Dent, Zooey Deschanel as Trillian, Mos Def as Ford Prefect and Sam Rockwell as Zaphod Beeblebrox.
Release dates and ratings
The film is scheduled to for general release by Buena Vista Motion Pictures Group on different dates in different countries.
April 28, 2005: Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, and United Kingdom (PG)
April 29, 2005: Canada and United States (PG for thematic elements, action, and mild language)
May 4, 2005: Iceland
May 5, 2005: Israel
May 6, 2005: Italy
June 1, 2005: Egypt and United Arab Emirates
June 2, 2005: Czech Republic, Singapore, and Thailand
June 3, 2005: Brazil, Latvia, and Switzerland (Italian-speaking)
June 9, 2005: Austria, Croatia, Germany, Switzerland (German-speaking)
June 10, 2005: Poland
June 16, 2005: Hungary
June 17, 2005: Turkey
June 23, 2005: Argentina and Slovenia
July 15, 2005: Estonia, and Taiwan
July 22, 2005: Finland
July 27, 2005: Sweden
August 4, 2005: Netherlands
August 12, 2005: Denmark and Norway
August 17, 2005: Belgium, France, and Switzerland (French-speaking)
August 25, 2005: Portugal
August 26, 2005: South Korea
"Review: The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" — smh.com.au, April 30, 2005
Ty Burr. "Cult novel's scattered parts don't always add up onscreen" — Boston Globe, April 29, 2005
"Release dates for The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" — Internet Movie Database,
Retrieved from "https://en.wikinews.org/w/index.php?title=Hitchhiker%27s_Guide_to_the_Galaxy_movie_in_theaters&oldid=435787"
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Domenico Dolce
Domenico Mario Assunto Dolce[4] (Italian: [doˈmeːniko ˈdoltʃe]; born 13 August 1958) is an Italian fashion designer and entrepreneur. Along with Stefano Gabbana, he is one half of the luxury fashion house Dolce & Gabbana (D&G). Since founding D&G in 1985, Dolce has become one of the world's most influential fashion designers and an industry icon.[2]
Dolce in 2016
(1958-08-13) 13 August 1958 (age 60)[1]
Polizzi Generosa, Sicily, Italy
US$1.74 billion (October 2015)[2][3]
Stefano Gabbana (1982–2003)
Early life and educationEdit
Dolce was born in Polizzi Generosa, Sicily, in 1958. His father was a tailor and his mother sold fabrics and apparel. He moved to Milan to attend the fashion design school Istituto Marangoni, but he dropped out before graduating, confident he knew enough to work in the industry. His dream was to work for Armani.[2]
Main article: Dolce & Gabbana
Dolce & Gabbana store in Kobe, Japan
In 1980, Dolce met Stefano Gabbana through Dolce's employer, designer Giorgio Correggiari.[1] In 1983, Gabbana and Dolce left Correggiari to work on their own; two years later, they launched Dolce & Gabbana S.p.A. (D&G).[2]
In October 1985, the Dolce & Gabbana brand made its fashion show debut at Milano Collezioni's Nuovi Talenti (New Talents). In March 1986, D&G released its first collection and held its own show, "Real Women." In 1987, the first D&G store opened in Milan, at 7 Via Santa Cecilia. In 1988, D&G established a partnership with Dolce's father, Saverio, who owned the manufacturing company Dolce Saverio in Legnano, near Milan.[5]
D&G continued to expand, holding its first fashion shows in Tokyo (April 1989) and New York (April 1990), and releasing new collection lines, including its first lingerie and beachwear line in July 1989, and its first menswear line in January 1990. In November 1990, D&G opened its New York City showroom at 532 Broadway in SoHo, Manhattan. D&G released its first fragrance, Dolce & Gabbana Parfum, in October 1992.[5]
In 1993, the Italian designers received worldwide fame when Madonna chose D&G to design the costumes for her Girlie Show World Tour.[2] They have since gone on to design for Monica Bellucci, Kylie Minogue, Angelina Jolie and Isabella Rossellini.[6]
Later additions to the D&G line included ties, belts, handbags, sunglasses, watches and footwear. By 2003, the company sold more products in Italy than Armani, Gucci, Prada, and Versace. In 2009, nearly 25 years after D&G opened, the company had 113 stores and 21 factory outlets, a staff of 3,500 people and an annual turnover of more than €1 billion.[7]
Dolce and Gabbana were an open couple for many years.[8] Following their success, they lived in a 19th-century villa in Milan, and owned several properties on the French Riviera.[1] They ended their long-time relationship in 2005, but the pair still work together at D&G.
As of October 2015, Dolce was the 27th richest person in Italy with a net worth of approximately US$1.74 billion, according to Forbes.[2]
Legal troublesEdit
In 2013, both Domenico Dolce and Stefano Gabbana were convicted of tax evasion and sentenced to a 20-month suspended sentence in prison. An Italian court found the pair guilty of failing to declare millions of euros of revenue earned through a D&G subsidiary company, Gado, based in Luxembourg. They denied the charges and appealed the case; in October 2014, they were both cleared of wrongdoing by the appellate court.[9]
IVF positionEdit
In March 2015, Dolce's comments about in vitro fertilization (IVF) sparked a social media storm of criticism.[10] In an interview with Panorama magazine, Dolce said, "I am gay. I cannot have a child. I believe you cannot have everything in life.... You are born from a father and a mother. Or at least that is how it should be. For this reason I am not convinced by what I call children of chemistry, or synthetic children. Uteruses for rent, sperm chosen from a catalogue." British singer-songwriter Elton John, who has children by IVF with his husband David Furnish, called for a boycott of the D&G brand. This sparked a war of words, with Gabbana later calling John a "fascist" and calling for a counter-boycott.[8]
Gabbana and Dolce have received numerous honours for their fashion and cultural contributions. Their first fashion award, the International Woolmark Prize, came in 1991. In 1993, their Dolce & Gabbana Parfum was named the Best Fragrance of the Year.[1]
In 2009, the City of Milan awarded them the Ambrogino Gold medal; in 2014, they announced intentions to return it after a city council member called them tax evaders.[11] In 2014, the La Fondazione NY, a charity aimed at supporting young Italian and American artists, honoured Gabbana, Dolce and Luhrmann at its third awards gala at the Museum of the Moving Image in New York City. "We live with movies – our inspiration all the time is movies and we make our collection like a movie," Gabbana said during the event.[12]
^ a b c d "Dolce & Gabbana Biography". The Biography Channel. Archived from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
^ a b c d e f "Domenico Dolce". Forbes. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
^ According to Forbes, Dolce is the 1,173th richest person in the world (down from No. 1,078 in 2014).
^ Baptized as Domenico Maria Assunta Dolce; see "Sopravvivere con focacce e latte". Sette-Corriere della Sera.
^ a b "D&G Corporate History: Main stages". Dolce & Gabbana. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
^ "Who is Dolce & Gabbana". Dolce & Gabbana. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
^ "Dolce & Gabbana" (in Italian). Dizionario di Economia e Finanza (2012). Retrieved 19 March 2015.
^ a b Jacob Bernstein (18 March 2015). "Dolce & Gabbana Comments Trigger Public Outrage ... and Uncomfortable Silence". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
^ "Dolce & Gabbana cleared in Italian tax-evasion case". BBC News. 24 October 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
^ Anna Coren; Madison Park (18 March 2015). "CNN Exclusive: Dolce & Gabbana: We don't judge on IVF". CNN. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
^ "Dolce & Gabbana to return Milan award after tax dispute". ANSA. 28 October 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
^ Valeria Robecco (11 December 2014). "Dolce and Gabbana honoured by La Fondazione NY". ANSA. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
Dolce & Gabbana on Instagram
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Domenico_Dolce&oldid=892255297"
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Member states of the Arab League
A graphic timeline of membership.
The Arab League has 22 member states. It was founded in Cairo in March 1945 with six members: the Kingdom of Egypt, Kingdom of Iraq, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Republic, and Transjordan (Jordan from 1949). North Yemen (later becoming Yemen) joined on 5 May 1945. Membership increased during the second half of the 20th century. Five countries have observer status.
List of current member statesEdit
Algeria 16 August 1962 Algiers 2,381,741 34,586,184 Arabic, Tamazight
Bahrain 11 September 1971 Manama 750 738,004 Arabic
Comoros 20 November 1993 Moroni 2,235 773,407 Arabic, Comorian, French
Djibouti 4 September 1977 Djibouti 23,200 740,528 Arabic, French
Egypt 22 March 1945 Cairo 1,002,450 80,471,869 Arabic
Iraq 22 March 1945 Baghdad 438,317 29,671,605 Arabic, Kurdish
Jordan 22 March 1945 Amman 92,300 6,407,085 Arabic
Kuwait 20 July 1961 Kuwait City 18,717 2,789,132 Arabic
Lebanon 22 March 1945 Beirut 10,452 4,125,247 Arabic
Libya a 28 March 1953 Tripoli 1,759,541 6,461,454 Arabic
Mauritania 26 November 1973 Nouakchott 1,030,700 4,301,018 Arabic
Morocco 1 October 1958 Rabat 446,550 31,627,428 Arabic, Tamazight
Oman 29 September 1971 Muscat 309,550 2,967,717 Arabic
State of Palestine[2] 9 September 1976[3] Jerusalem (de jure)[4]
Ramallah (de facto) 6,040 (claimed) 4,260,636 Arabic
Qatar 11 September 1971 Doha 11,437 840,926 Arabic
Saudi Arabia 22 March 1945 Riyadh 2,149,690 25,731,776 Arabic
Somalia 14 February 1974 Mogadishu 637,661 10,112,453 Arabic, Somali
Sudan 19 January 1956 Khartoum 1,886,068 30,894,000 Arabic, English
Syrian Arab Republic b 22 March 1945 Damascus 185,180 22,198,110 Arabic
Tunisia 1 October 1958 Tunis 163,610 10,589,025 Arabic
United Arab Emirates 6 December 1971 Abu Dhabi 83,600 4,975,593 Arabic
Yemen c 5 May 1945 Sana'a
Aden 527,968 23,495,361 Arabic
a. Libya's seat is taken by the House of Representatives (Libya) (which is disputed by the Muslim Brotherhood-led General National Congress (2014) and Government of National Accord)
b. Syria's seat currently occupied by the Syrian National Coalition,[5] while Ba'athist Syrian Arab Republic suspended on 16 November 2011[6][7]
c. Yemen's seat is taken by the Cabinet of Yemen (which is disputed by the Houthi Supreme Revolutionary Committee)
List of current observer statesEdit
Five countries are observer states—a status that entitles them to express their opinion and give advice but denies them voting rights.[8] These are Eritrea, where Arabic is one of the official languages, as well as Brazil and Venezuela, which have large and influential Arab communities.[9] India is another observer to the Arab League, with a sizable number of people claiming Arab descent.[8] Armenia was granted observer status in 2004.[10]
Armenia 2004 Yerevan 29,743 3,018,854 Armenian
Brazil 2003 Brasília 8,515,767 207,350,000 Portuguese
Eritrea January 2003 Asmara 117,600 5,869,869 Arabic, Tigrinya, English
India April 2007 New Delhi 3,287,263 1,326,572,000 Hindi, English
Venezuela September 2006 Caracas 916,445 31,775,371 Spanish
Membership timelineEdit
Arab League Enlargements
1945-founding members: Egypt, Jordan, Iraq, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, North Yemen
1958 – Third Enlargement: Morocco, Tunisia
1971 – Seventh Enlargement: UAE, Oman, Bahrain, Qatar
1993– Twelfth (Latest) Enlargement: Comoros ---
2011– Shrinkage: Separation of South Sudan
1942 – The United Kingdom promotes the idea of the Arab League.
1945 – Leaders of seven states in the Middle East sign the Alexandria Protocol, thus establishing the first Organization with a Pan-Arabic ideology in the 20th century. The founding members were Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Jordan (entering under the name of Transjordan), and Yemen (which from 1967 was generally known under the name North Yemen).
1953 – Libya joins the Arab League two years after independence.
19 January 1956 – Sudan joins the Arab League, two weeks after independence from the United Kingdom and Egypt.
1 October 1958 – Morocco and Tunisia join the Arab League, two years after independence.
20 July 1961 – Kuwait joins the League 31 days after independence, and becomes the first Asian state to join the League after the founding states.
16 August 1962 – Algeria accedes to the Arab League, less than two months after independence.
1967 – South Yemen joins the Arab League upon its independence.
1971 – the United Arab Emirates, Oman, Qatar and Bahrain join the Arab League.
26 November 1973 – Mauritania joins the Arab League thirteen years after independence.
14 February 1974 – Somalia joins the Arab League fourteen years after independence.
9 September 1976 – Palestinian Liberation Organisation joins the Arab League.[11] Its seat is assumed by the State of Palestine following the declaration of independence in 1988.[11]
4 September 1977 – Djibouti joins the Arab League two months before its independence from France that same year.
1979 – Egypt suspended from the Arab League; readmitted in 1989.
22 May 1990 – North and South Yemen unify.
1993 – The Comoros accede to the Arab League.
January 2003 – Eritrea joins the Arab League as an observer.
2003 – Brazil joins the Arab League as an observer for one summit.
September 2006 – Venezuela joins the Arab League as an observer for one summit.
April 2007 – India joins the Arab League as an observer state for the summit.
22 February 2011 – Libya suspended from the Arab League.[12]
June 2011 – South Sudan gains independence from Sudan, but does not join the Arab League.[13]
16 November 2011 – Syria suspended from the Arab League.
Potential membersEdit
Only five Arabic-speaking countries remain outside of the League: Chad, Eritrea, Israel, Malta and South Sudan. Additionally, there are also two other Arabic-speaking states with limited recognition – Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic and Somaliland – but their disputed status, being claimed by League members Morocco and Somalia respectively, makes their membership unlikely for the foreseeable future.
Chad's membership was endorsed by the Egyptian government under Hosni Mubarak in 2010.[14] Chad applied for membership on 25 March 2014.[15] Arabic is one of its two official languages, some 12% of Chadians identifying as Arab[16] and around 900,000 are Arabic-speaking.[17]
Eritrea applied for membership on 25 March 2014.[15] To be considered for membership, Eritrea needs to improve its relations with other neighboring League members, including Djibouti, Sudan and Somalia. Eritrea has had observer status since 2003.
Israel could qualify for membership, as Arabic is one of its two official languages. Around 20% of its population identifies as Israeli Arab, and another 30–40% is believed to have at least a passive knowledge of Judeo-Arabic languages. Nearly half the Jewish population is descended from Jews from Arab countries. However, given the Arab League boycott of Israel and the lack of diplomatic relations between Israel and the most of Arab League member states, Israel is unlikely to join the League in the near future.
South Sudan declared its independence from League member state Sudan in July 2011. A clause in the Charter of the Arab League accords the right of territories that have succeeded from an Arab League member state to join the organization.[18] South Sudan has been assured full membership in the Arab League should its government choose to seek it.[19] Alternatively, the nation could opt for observer status.[20] It has indicated that it would not be joining the League since the government believes it does not meet the pre-conditions for membership; specifically, that "the League requires that the countries must be Arabic speaking countries that consider Arabic language the main language of the nation; on top of that, the league also requires that the people of that particular country must believe that they are actually Arabs. The people of Southern Sudan are not of Arabic origin, so I don't think there will be anybody in Southern Sudan who will consider joining the Arab League".[21] In an interview with Asharq Al-Awsat, the Foreign Minister of South Sudan Deng Alor Kuol said: South Sudan is the closest African country to the Arab world, and we speak a special kind of Arabic known as Juba Arabic.[22] Sudan supports South Sudan’s request to join the Arab League.[23] South Sudan applied for observer status in March 2018.[24][25]
The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is not a member though it is recognized by some Arab League states. Its status is disputed, its territory being claimed by League member Morocco, which makes its membership unlikely for the foreseeable future.
SuspensionsEdit
Egypt - Egypt's membership was suspended in 1979 after it signed the Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty and the League's headquarters were moved from Cairo to Tunis. In 1987, Arab League states restored diplomatic relations with Egypt, the country was readmitted to the League in 1989 and the League's headquarters were moved back to Cairo.[26]
Libya - Libya was suspended from the Arab League on 22 February 2011.[27] On 27 August 2011, the Arab League voted to restore Libya's membership by accrediting a representative of the National Transitional Council, which was partially recognised as the interim government of the country in the wake of Gaddafi's ouster from the capital of Tripoli.[28]
Libya's membership was suspended on 22 February 2011, following the start of the Libyan Civil War and the use of military force against civilians.[29] That makes Libya the second country in the League's history to have a frozen membership. Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi declared that the League was illegitimate, saying: "The Arab League is finished. There is no such thing as the Arab League".[30][31] On 25 August 2011, Secretary-General Nabil Elaraby announced it was "about time" Libya's full member status was restored. The National Transitional Council, the partially recognised interim government of Libya, sent a representative to be seated at the Arab League meeting on 17 August to participate in a discussion as to whether to readmit Libya to the organisation.[32]
Syria - On 20 September 2011, the Arab Parliament recommended suspension of Syria and Yemen over persistent reports of disproportionate violence against regime opponents and activists during the Arab Spring.[33] On 12 November 2011, the League passed a decree that would suspend Ba'athist Syrian Arab Republic's membership if the government failed to stop violence against civilian protesters by 16 November 2011 amidst the uprising.[34] Syria, Lebanon and Yemen voted against the motion, and Iraq abstained.[35] Despite the opportunity, the Syrian government did not yield to the League's demands, resulting in its indefinite suspension. There was criticism after the Arab League sent in December 2011 a commission "monitoring" violence on people protesting against the regime. The commission was headed by Mohammad Ahmed Mustafa al-Dabi, who served as head of Omar al-Bashir's military intelligence, while war crimes, including genocide, were allegedly committed on his watch.[36][37][38] On 6 March 2013, the Arab League granted to the Syrian National Coalition Syria's seat in the Arab League.[39] On 9 March 2014, the League's secretary general Nabil al-Arabi said that Syria's seat at the Arab League would remain vacant until the opposition completes the formation of its institutions.[40]
Member states of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
United Arab Command
^ "Country Comparison: Population". Retrieved 14 January 2011.
^ Arab League membership Archived 7 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine
^ The State of Palestine succeeded the seat of the Palestine Liberation Organization following the 1988 Palestinian Declaration of Independence.
^ The State of Palestine: A critical analysis
^ "Syrian president slams Arab League for granting seat to opposition". Xinhua News Agency. 6 April 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2013.
^ "Regime backers express anger at other nations after Arab League suspends Syria". cnn.com. CNN. 13 November 2011. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
^ "Presentation of the Arab League". Arableagueonline.org. 13 September 2012. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
^ a b "India invited as observer for Arab League summit". Press Trust of India. 27 March 2007. Retrieved 13 June 2007. [permanent dead link]
^ David Noack: Syriens Beziehungen zu Lateinamerika, in: amerika21.de, 11.01.2011. (German)
^ "Armenia invited as observer for Arab League". Azad Hye. 19 January 2005. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
^ a b "Charter of Arab League". Arab League - جامعة الدول العربية. Archived from the original on 7 August 2011. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
^ "Libya suspended from Arab League sessions – Israel News, Ynetnews". Ynetnews.com. 20 June 1995. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
^ "Interview: Egypt's first ambassador to South Sudan says things there are under control". Retrieved 29 August 2011.
^ "Egyptian FM welcomes Chad to join AL". People's Daily Online. 11 October 2010. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
^ a b "South Sudan and Chad apply to join the Arab League". 25 March 2014. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
^ "The World Factbook". Cia.gov. Archived from the original on 26 November 2016. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
^ "Chad". Ethnologue. 19 February 1999. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
^ South Sudan “entitled to join Arab League” Archived 29 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
^ "South Sudan "entitled to join Arab League"". Sudan Tribune. 12 June 2011. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
^ El-Husseini, Asmaa (7 July 2011). "Hoping for the best". Al-Ahram. Archived from the original on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
^ Southern Sudan Will Not Join The Arab League Of States Archived 9 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine
^ Asharq Al-Awsat: Foreign Minister of South Sudan: We Are Considering Joining the Arab League Archived 13 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine, 7 June 2016, retrieved 3 May 2017
^ Sudan Tribune: Khartoum supports South Sudan demand to join Arab League, 21 July 2016, retrieved 3 May 2017
^ "South Sudan application for Arab League seat is opposed". 17 March 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
^ "South Sudan seeks observer status in Arab League". 7 March 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
^ "Timeline: Arab League". BBC News. 17 September 2008. Retrieved 30 November 2009.
^ "Arab League Recognizes Libyan Rebel Council". RTT News. 25 August 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
^ Libya suspended from Arab League sessions – Israel News, Ynetnews. Ynetnews.com (1995-06-20). Retrieved on 2014-04-28.
^ Souhail Karam – Tom Heneghan – Michael Roddy (16 March 2011). "Gaddafi taunts critics, dares them to get him". Reuters. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
^ Kat Higgins (16 March 2011). "Libya: Clashes Continue As World Powers Stall". Sky News. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
^ "Arab League Recognizes Libyan Rebel Council". RTT News. 25 August 2011. Archived from the original on 8 December 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
^ "Arab League parliament urges Syria suspension". Al Jazeera. 20 September 2011. Retrieved 20 September 2011.
^ "Arab League Votes to Suspend Syria Over Crackdown". NYTimes.com. 12 November 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
^ "Arab League Votes to Suspend Syria Over Crackdown". New York Times. 12 November 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
^ Kenner, D. (27 December 2011). "The World's Worst Human Rights Observer". Foreign Policy. As Arab League monitors work to expose President Bashar al-Assad's crackdown, the head of the mission is a Sudanese general accused of creating the fearsome "Janjaweed," which was responsible for the worst atrocities during the Darfur genocide.
^ Syrian activists slam Arab League mission head Archived 8 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine CNN, 28 December 2011.
^ "Violence in second Syrian city ahead of Arab League monitors' visit". The Guardian. 28 December 2011.
^ Ian Black. "Syrian opposition takes Arab League seat". the Guardian. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
^ "Syria opposition 'not yet ready for Arab League seat'". The Daily Star Newspaper – Lebanon. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Member_states_of_the_Arab_League&oldid=903951699"
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EU leaders warn on nationalism and call for global cooperation ahead of Trump's speech
Thursday, January 25th 2018 - 10:06 UTC
Macron spoke for a full hour, and called for a “global compact” to address the economic forces that have led to rising inequality and a surge in populism.
Merkel evoked the two world wars and questioned whether the West had learned the lessons from those conflicts.
Italian Prime Minister Paolo Gentiloni said it was legitimate to defend one’s own citizens, companies and economic, but “there is a limit”.
European leaders warned at the World Economic Forum in Davos on Wednesday against a return to nationalism, with France’s Emmanuel Macron and Germany’s Angela Merkel calling for more global cooperation to harness the forces of globalization.
The speeches by Merkel, Macron and Italy’s Paolo Gentiloni -- leaders of the continent’s three biggest economies -- came one day before U.S. President Donald Trump arrives at the annual summit in the Swiss Alps to promote his America First policies.
Since taking power one year ago, Trump has pulled the United States out of international agreements on trade and climate, and threatened to torpedo a deal to curb Iran’s nuclear program, unsettling partners who have looked to Washington to help shape global rules since World War Two.
Macron spoke for a full hour, receiving a standing ovation from the crowd of CEOs, bankers and top academics, after he called for a “global compact” to address the economic forces that have led to rising inequality and a surge in populism.
“We have a situation where people are being told, on social and financial issues, that the answer is to do less, to cut our taxes, there is no limit, it’s a race to the bottom,” Macron said, weeks after Trump pushed through a large cut in corporate taxes that is expected to lure investment to the United States.
“If we aren’t able to agree a standard of international cooperation, we will never convince the middle class, the working class that globalization is good for them.”
Merkel, in her return to the world stage after months of political limbo in Germany, evoked the two world wars and questioned whether the West had learned the lessons from those conflicts. “We are seeing nationalism, populism and in a lot of countries a polarized atmosphere,” Merkel told the packed auditorium where Trump will speak on Friday.
“We believe that isolation won’t help us. We believe we need to cooperate, that protectionism is not the answer,” she said, asking: “Have we really learned from history, or haven’t we?”
Pressed on what his message to Trump would be, Italian Prime Minister Paolo Gentiloni said it was legitimate to defend one’s own citizens, companies and economic, but “there is a limit”.
After suffering a series of crises over the past decade -- from euro turmoil, to Ukraine, refugees and Brexit -- Europe is feeling confident again. Its economy has rebounded and the election of pro-European centrist Macron in France has injected new momentum into efforts to reform the European Union.
“Europe has been a phenomenal story this year,” Harvard economist Kenneth Rogoff told the forum this week.
Categories: Politics, International.
Tags: Angela Merkel, Davos, Donald Trump, Emmanuel Macron, EU leaders, France, Globalization, Nationalism, Paolo Gentiloni, Populism, Switzerland, World Economic Forum.
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(Redirected from Baylor Institute for Faith and Learning)
"Baylor College" redirects here. For other uses, see Baylor College (disambiguation).
Pro Ecclesia, Pro Texana. (Latin)
Motto in English
For Church, For Texas.
Baptist General Convention of Texas
Academic affiliations
ASAIHL
$1.313 billion (2018)[1]
Linda Livingstone
Gary Mortenson, Acting Vice Provost for Administration, and Gary Carini, Acting Vice Provost for Strategic Planning[2]
17,217 (Fall 2018)[3]
3,029 (Fall 2018)[3]
Urban ("College town")
1,000 acres (4.0 km2)
Green and Gold[4]
Bears & Lady Bears
Sporting affiliations
NCAA Division I FBS – Big 12
Judge Joy & Judge Lady (live bears)
Bruiser (costumed)
www.baylor.edu
Baylor University, or simply Baylor, is a private Christian university in Waco, Texas. Chartered in 1845 by the last Congress of the Republic of Texas, it is the oldest continuously operating university in Texas and one of the first educational institutions west of the Mississippi River in the United States. Located on the banks of the Brazos River next to I-35, between the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex and Austin, the university's 1,000-acre campus is the largest Baptist university campus in the world.[5] Baylor University's athletic teams, known as the Bears, participate in 19 intercollegiate sports. The university is a member of the Big 12 Conference in the NCAA Division I. It is affiliated with the Baptist General Convention of Texas.
1.1 Presidents
2 Academics
2.1 Rankings
2.2 Graduate rankings
2.3 Institutional organization
3 Student life
3.1 Clubs and organizations
3.1.1 Greek organizations
3.2 Student activities
3.2.1 Intramural teams
3.3 Golden Wave Band
3.4 The Noble NoZe Brotherhood
3.5 Military programs
4 Research and endowment
5 Athletics
5.1 Year of the Bear
5.2 McLane Stadium
5.3 Mascots
6 Traditions
6.1 Baylor Line
6.2 Mass Meeting
6.3 Homecoming
6.4 Immortal Ten
6.5 Alma mater
7 Notable alumni, faculty and staff
8 Campus
This statue of Judge Baylor is at the front of Founder's Mall in the heart of campus
In 1841, 35 delegates to the Union Baptist Association meeting voted to adopt the suggestion of Rev. William Milton Tryon and R.E.B. Baylor to establish a Baptist university in Texas, then an independent republic. Baylor, a Texas district judge and onetime U.S. Congressman and soldier from Alabama, became the school's namesake. Some at first wished to name the new university "San Jacinto" to recognize the victory which enabled the Texans to become an independent nation, then before the final vote of the Congress, the petitioners requested the university be named in honor of Judge R. E. B. Baylor.
Judge R. E. B. Baylor
In the fall of 1844, the Texas Baptist Education Society petitioned the Congress of the Republic of Texas to charter a Baptist university. Republic President Anson Jones signed the Act of Congress on February 1, 1845, officially establishing Baylor University. The founders built the original university campus in Independence, Texas. Rev. James Huckins, the first Southern Baptist missionary to Texas, was Baylor's first full-time fundraiser. He is considered the third founding father of the university. Although these three men are credited as being the founders of the university, many others worked to see the first university established in Texas and thus they were awarded Baylor's Founders Medal.[6] The noted Texas revolutionary war leader and hero Sam Houston gave the first $5,000 donation to start the university. In 1854, Houston was also baptized by the Rev. Rufus Columbus Burleson, future Baylor President, in the Brazos River.[7]
During the 1846 school year Baylor leaders would begin including chapel as part of the Baylor educational experience. The tradition continues today and has been a part of the life of students for over 160 years. In 1849, R.E.B. Baylor and Abner S. Lipscomb of the Texas Supreme Court began teaching classes in the "science of law," making Baylor the first in Texas and the second university west of the Mississippi to teach law. During this time Stephen Decatur Rowe would earn the first degree awarded by Baylor. He would be followed by the first female graduate, Mary Kavanaugh Gentry, in 1855.
In 1851, Baylor's second president Rufus Columbus Burleson decided to separate the students by sex, making the Baylor Female College an independent and separate institution. Baylor University became an all-male institution. During this time, Baylor thrived as the only university west of the Mississippi offering instruction in law, mathematics, and medicine. At the time a Baylor education cost around $8–$15 per term for tuition. And many of the early leaders of the Republic of Texas, such as Sam Houston, would later send their children to Baylor to be educated. Some of those early students were Temple Lea Houston, son of President Sam Houston, a famous western gun-fighter and attorney; and Lawrence Sullivan "Sul" Ross famous Confederate General and later President of Texas A&M University.
In 1892, Baylor University had two main buildings, Old Main and Burleson Hall
For the first half of the American Civil War, the Baylor president was George Washington Baines, maternal great-grandfather of the future U.S. President, Lyndon B. Johnson. He worked vigorously to sustain the university during the Civil War, when male students left their studies to enlist in the Confederate Army. Following the war, the city of Independence slowly declined, primarily caused by the rise of neighboring cities being serviced by the Santa Fe Railroad. Because Independence lacked a railroad line, university fathers began searching for a location to build a new campus.
Beginning in 1885, Baylor University moved to Waco, Texas, a growing town on the railroad line. It merged with a local college called Waco University. At the time, Rufus Burleson, Baylor's second president, was serving as the local college's president. That same year, the Baylor Female College also was moved to a new location, Belton, Texas. It later became known as the University of Mary Hardin-Baylor. A Baylor College Park still exists in Independence in memory of the college's history there. Around 1887, Baylor University began readmitting women and became coeducational again.
In 1900, three physicians founded the University of Dallas Medical Department in Dallas, although a university by that name did not exist. In 1903, Baylor University acquired the medical school, which became known as the Baylor College of Medicine, while remaining in Dallas. In 1943, Dallas civic leaders offered to build larger facilities for the university in a new medical center if the College of Medicine would surrender its denominational alliances with the Baptist state convention. The Baylor administration refused the offer and, with funding from the M. D. Anderson Foundation and others, moved the College of Medicine to Houston. In 1969, the Baylor College of Medicine became technically independent from Baylor University. The two institutions still maintain strong links and Baylor still elects around 25 percent of the medical school's regents. They also share academic links and combine in research efforts.
During World War II, Baylor was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission.[8]
The university first admitted black students in 1964.[9] The first black graduate was Robert Gilbert, of Waco.[10] A ban on various forms of sexual conduct was in place until 2015, however, the university has since modified its Code of Conduct.[11]
In 1991, Baylor began appointing the majority of its board, granting it partial independence from the Baptist General Convention of Texas.[12]
In 2015 the Baylor Board of Regents hired law firm Pepper Hamilton to perform an external review of Baylor's handling of sexual assaults.[13] The report, summarized by the Board of Regents in a public "Findings of Facts" document, stated that Baylor failed to timely and effectively implement Title IX, that Baylor administrators actively discouraged reporting of sexual assaults, and that the athletic department failed to address sexual assaults.[14][15] In response to the report, the Board of Regents fired Ken Starr as president of the university but retained him as Chancellor and as a law school professor;[16] he resigned as Chancellor shortly thereafter and resigned as law professor in August 2016.[17] The school also fired head football coach Art Briles.[18]
Burleson Quadrangle in the early 1900s
Presidents[edit]
Kenneth Winston Starr was President of Baylor from 2010 to 2016.
During its more than 170 years of history, Baylor has had 15 presidents (recent interim presidents are noted):
1846–1851 – Henry Lee Graves
1851–1861 – Rufus Columbus Burleson
1861–1863 – George Washington Baines
1864–1885 – William Carey Crane
1885–1886 – Reddin Andrews
1899–1902 – Oscar Henry Cooper
1902–1931 – Samuel Palmer Brooks
1932–1947 – Pat Morris Neff
1948–1961 – William R. White
1961–1981 – Abner Vernon McCall
1981–1995 – Herbert H. Reynolds
1995–2005 – Robert B. Sloan Jr.
2005–2006 – William D. Underwood, interim president
2006–2008 – John M. Lilley
2008–2010 – David E. Garland, interim president
2010–2016 – Ken Starr
June 1, 2017–present – Linda Livingstone[19]
(Note: While Rufus C. Burleson served as Baylor's president twice, he is counted only once in the presidential count. This makes Reddin Andrews the fifth president and Oscar Henry Cooper the sixth president. Additionally, interim presidents are not counted.)
Academics[edit]
Rankings[edit]
Baylor Law School on the Brazos River
Forbes[20]
Times/WSJ[21]
U.S. News & World Report[22]
Washington Monthly[23]
QS[24]
Times[25]
USNWR graduate school rankings[27]
Engineering 128
Nursing: Doctorate 41
Physical Therapy 8
USNWR departmental rankings[27]
Biological Sciences 85
Clinical Psychology 62
Earth Sciences 99
Health Care Management 17
Mathematics 117
Nursing–Midwifery 10
Social Work 53
Speech–Language Pathology 69
Statistics 83
As reported in the 2019 "Best Colleges" rankings by U.S. News & World Report, Baylor is ranked tied for 78th in the "national universities" category.[28] On the graduate level, the Baylor Law School ties for 50th, and Baylor's Hankamer School of Business ties for 59th best in the nation.[28]
The Princeton Review named Baylor a "Best Western College" and ranks the university's marketing programs as No. 2 in the nation.[29]
Baylor University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.[30]
Graduate rankings[edit]
Several Baylor graduate programs, including its law school, Hankamer School of Business and programs in the sciences and education are nationally ranked.[31] According to the National Research Council (NRC), among those programs, Baylor's Graduate program in English was ranked first for Student Support and Outcomes by the National Research Council, and Baylor's Doctoral program in Sociology was ranked third nationally, based on criteria such as the percentage of students receiving full financial support, PhD completion percentage, median time to completion of degrees, and job placement rate.[32][33]
Institutional organization[edit]
Pat Neff Hall houses the office of the university's president and others
The university is divided into twelve degree-granting academic units. Three of the units are designated as colleges, while eight others are designated as schools and one is a seminary.[34] They are:
Student life[edit]
The sign inscribed Baylor's Student Union Building (SUB)
Student choirs and orchestras performing the 1812 Overture on Fountain Mall for the 2009 President's Concert.
More than 16,000 students study at Baylor University, representing all 50 states, the District of Columbia and approximately 89 foreign countries.[35][36] The university clubs and organizations provide each student with an opportunity to become engaged with an organization that shares his or her interests. Baylor University has a total undergraduate enrollment of 13,859, with a gender distribution of 42 percent male students and 58 percent female students. At Baylor, 36 percent of students live in college-owned, -operated, or -affiliated housing and 64 percent of students live off campus.
Clubs and organizations[edit]
Greek organizations[edit]
Approximately 14 percent of undergraduate men are members of fraternities, and 21 percent of undergraduate women (highest female Greek rate in Texas) are members of a sorority.[37] There are four councils at Baylor. Most of the university's fraternities began as local fraternities, before affiliating with their national organizations in the late 1970s.[38] Unlike most universities, Baylor does not allow its Greek organizations to have officially sanctioned houses on campus.
Phi Kappa Chi and Chi Omega performing at Baylor University's 2011 All-University Sing
Alpha Tau Omega ATO Active
Beta Theta Pi Beta Active
Delta Tau Delta Delt Active
Kappa Alpha Order KA, The Order Active
Kappa Sigma Ksig Active
Phi Gamma Delta Fiji Active
Phi Iota Alpha Phiota Active
Pi Kappa Phi Pi Kapp Active
Sigma Phi Epsilon SigEp Active
Sigma Chi Sigs Active[39]
Sigma Alpha Epsilon SAE Active
Tau Kappa Epsilon TKE Active
Beta Upsilon Chi BYX "Bucks" Active
Pi Kappa Alpha Pike Inactive
Sigma Nu Sig Nu Inactive
Lambda Chi Alpha Lambda Chi Inactive
Phi Delta Theta Phi Delt Inactive
Delta Upsilon Ducks Inactive
Sigma Tau Gamma Sig Tau Inactive
Local Founding Date
Alpha Delta Pi ADPi 1980 Active
Alpha Chi Omega AXO, Alpha Chi 1985 Active
Alpha Phi Aphi 2019 Active[40]
Chi Omega Chi-O 1977 Active
Delta Delta Delta Tri Delt 1977 Active
Kappa Alpha Theta Theta 1976 Active
Kappa Kappa Gamma Kappa 1977 Active
Pi Beta Phi Pi Phi 1977 Active
Zeta Tau Alpha Zeta 1977 Active
Kappa Delta KD 1983 Inactive
Non-IFC fraternities, social clubs, & non-NPC sororities
Kappa Omega Tau Kappa Chi Alpha
Phi Kappa Chi Sigma Phi Lambda
NPHC Fraternities and Sororities
Alpha Phi Alpha Alpha Kappa Alpha
Omega Psi Phi Delta Sigma Theta
Kappa Alpha Psi
Phi Beta Sigma Zeta Phi Beta
Student activities[edit]
The pool in the Student Life Center (SLC)
Intramural teams[edit]
Every semester, students participate in a multitude of sports varying in leagues, competitiveness and divisions. Students build teams within campus organizations, sororities/fraternities, residence halls and their groups of friends.
Co-Rec Doubles Tennis 5-on-5 Basketball
Co-Rec Kickball Co-Rec Sand Volleyball
Co-Rec Ultimate Frisbee Co-Rec Wallyball
Dodgeball Golf Tournament
Flag Football Racquetball
Indoor Volleyball Soccer
Table Tennis Softball and Baseball
Wallyball Tennis
Golden Wave Band[edit]
Main article: Baylor University Golden Wave Band
The 2012 Homecoming halftime performance by the Baylor University Golden Wave Band
The Baylor University Golden Wave Band (BUGWB) is the halftime entertainment for Baylor football. The 340-member band attends every home football game and sometimes travels to away games.[41] The band's name dates back to 1928 when, while on tour in West Texas, observers noted that the band members' gold uniforms looked like a giant "golden wave" sweeping over the landscape.
Members of The NoZe Brotherhood in 2002
The Noble NoZe Brotherhood[edit]
Main article: The NoZe Brotherhood
The Noble NoZe Brotherhood, an unofficial fraternal organization, was founded in 1924 to study the art of bridge construction in association with the BBA (Baylor Bridge Association). The NoZe Brotherhood provides the university with unusual public pranks and satirical writings in its newspaper, The Rope. Members hide their identities to keep their actions anonymous.
Military programs[edit]
Baylor University has a strong history of military service dating back to before the Civil War and currently offers both Army and Air Force ROTC for students. Baylor graduates have served in every major military engagement in Texas history. Formal Military instruction began on campus in 1888.
Baylor University's Air Force ROTC program celebrated 65 years in 2013.
Baylor has had several famous military graduates such as Andrew Jackson Lummus, Jr., who fought and died at the Battle of Iwo Jima during World War II and received the Medal of Honor for his service. John Riley Kane also received the Medal of Honor for his service after flying 43 combat missions for a total of 250 combat hours in Europe, Africa and the Middle East. Kane's daring operations caused German intelligence reports to dub him "Killer Kane."
In July 1948, the Air Force and Baylor University partnered in the creation of Air Force ROTC Detachment 810 - one of the first detachments ever created. In 2008, Detachment 810 was awarded the Air Force ROTC Right Of Line Award as the No. 1 large detachment in the nation. The unit was additionally awarded the High Flight Award, recognizing it as one of the top four detachments in America. It has been named best in the AFROTC Southwest Region for 1996, 2003 and 2008.
Baylor runs several postgraduate and professional health sciences programs in partnership with the Army Medical Department headquartered in San Antonio. Programs offered include the Doctor of Physical Therapy,[42] MHA, United States Army Graduate Program in Nursing Anesthesia (USAGPAN), and MHA/MBA (joint program).[43]
Research and endowment[edit]
Baylor Sciences Building
In 2005, the university was invited to join the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) collaboration at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Illinois.[44] The project is one of the world's largest experimental physics collaborations. The following year, Carnegie Foundation upgraded the university's classification to "Research University" status with "High Research Activity."[45]
The interior of the Baylor Sciences Building
In October 2009, a group of state, county and city governments and organizations and higher educational institutions in Central Texas announced the creation of the Central Texas Technology and Research Park, and the park's first project, the Baylor Research and Innovation Collaborative (BRIC) to be housed in the former General Tire facility on South Loop Drive in Waco. Funding for the effort came from the state of Texas and Baylor University. Clifton Robinson (a member of Baylor's Board of Regents) donated the facility to the university to support the research collaborative.[46][47]
Burleson Quadrangle
Several former and present members of faculty at Baylor are or were prominent proponents of intelligent design, most notably philosopher William Dembski, now at Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, Christian philosopher Francis Beckwith and electrical engineer Robert J. Marks II[48][49]
The university's endowment passed $1 billion in 2007 and reached $1,055,478,000 on December 31, 2007.[50] Even with the economic crisis of 2008, Baylor spokesperson Lori Fogleman reported that Baylor's endowment grew 5.1 percent in the fiscal year ending June 30, 2008; the National Association of College and University Business Officials estimated that during that same period, the median return for the top 25 percent of college endowments decreased by 2.2 percent. Fogleman cited the university's long-term investments and diversified holdings as the cause of the endowment's success. Despite a hired consulting firm's concerns that the troubled economy and disagreements within the Baylor community could hinder continued growth, the university's endowment exceeded $1.1 billion as of May 2013[update].[35]
On March 4, 2010, "An anonymous longtime Baylor donor . . . set up an estate provision that will benefit the school to the tune of an estimated $200 million. The gift will bolster Baylor's research on the issues of aging in multiple disciplines at the school."[51] Citing the most recent data reported by the Chronicle of Higher Education, Baylor officials say the $200 million donation is the second-largest gift to a Texas college or university and ranks among the top 20 private gifts to higher education institutions in the country.[52]
Athletics[edit]
Main article: Baylor Bears
Baseball Acrobatics & tumbling
Basketball Basketball
Cross country Cross country
Football Equestrian
Tennis Soccer
Track and field† Softball
Track and field†
† – Track and field includes both indoor and outdoor
Baylor student athletes participate in NCAA Division I as part of the Big 12 Conference. Baylor men's sports teams are named the Bears, and most women's teams are named the Lady Bears. In the 2011–2012 season, Baylor broke the NCAA record for most combined wins in the four major collegiate sports: baseball, football, and men's and women's basketball.
The university has won NCAA titles in 2004, 2005 and 2012. The men's tennis team defeated UCLA in the 2004 championship match to garner the Baylor's first title.[53] One year later, the Baylor Lady Bears basketball team beat Michigan State in the championship game and was subsequently named as the only women's team to be nominated for a 2005 "Best Team" ESPY.[54] In 2012, the Baylor Lady Bears basketball team beat the Notre Dame Fighting Irish in the NCAA National Championship; the first college basketball team to ever finish with a perfect 40-0 record.
The Baylor men's basketball team advanced to the Elite Eight of the NCAA 'March Madness' Championship tournament in 2010 and 2012. Under the direction of head coach Scott Drew, Baylor achieved a record of 121-55 (.688) between the 2008–2012 seasons and reached post-season play in four of those years. Four former Baylor basketball players were drafted in the first or second round of the NBA draft in the 2011 and 2012 seasons:
Ekpe Udoh (first round)
Perry Jones III
Quincy Acy (second round)
Quincy Miller (second round)
Year of the Bear[edit]
The Year of the Bear is the name given to the 2011–2012 year in Baylor Athletics. During this year, the Baylor Bears football team defeated Big 12 rival Oklahoma (No. 5 AP) for the first time ever, as well as future bitter Big 12 rival TCU (No. 14 AP), ending the season at 10-3 ranked at No. 12 (No. 13 AP). Junior quarterback Robert Griffin III gained recognition throughout the year and was awarded both the 2011 Heisman Trophy and National Player of the Year honors.
Meanwhile, the men's basketball team started with 17 straight wins en route to a 30-8 season (the best in school history), a berth in the NCAA Elite Eight (its second in three seasons) and a No. 10 final ranking. The women's basketball team won the program's second national title, becoming the first basketball program – men's or women's – to finish 40-0. Center Brittney Griner was named the National Player of the Year, while Coach Kim Mulkey was awarded National Coach of the Year. The baseball team won 49 games (one shy of its all-time best), including a Big 12-record 18-game conference winning streak and school-record 24-game winning streak. Although ranked at No. 1 for two weeks (a program first), the baseball team finished in the NCAA Super Regionals and a No. 9 ranking.
Baylor's four major programs (football, men's and women's basketball, and baseball) finished with an NCAA record 129 wins during the year (and an overall record of 129-28 for a winning percentage of .822) and Baylor was the only school to have all four programs ranked at the end of their respective seasons. The football and (men's and women's) basketball programs also set NCAA records with a combined 80 wins between them, including a stretch from November 1, 2011 to January 16, 2012, when the three programs had 40 consecutive wins between them.[55]
Outside of the four major programs, Baylor was one of only two schools that had all 19 of its sponsored sports advance to the post season.[55]
McLane Stadium[edit]
Baylor University's McLane Stadium
Following the 'Year of the Bear,' it was announced in July 2012 that a new $260 million football stadium to be called "McLane Stadium" would be constructed on the university's campus. Opened in fall 2014, the stadium holds 45,000 spectators and is situated on 93 acres of land adjacent to the Brazos River. The stadium was planned by architecture firm Populous, known for its design of Yankee Stadium in New York and Houston's Minute Maid Park. A partnership between Austin Commercial-Flintco LLC oversaw the project as its contractor.[56]
From 1936 to 1949, the Baylor Bears home football games were played at Waco/Municipal Stadium. In 1950, the team moved to the newly constructed Floyd Casey Stadium (originally named Baylor Stadium), located four miles from campus with a seating capacity of up to 50,000 spectators.[57] The stadium has been renovated several times, most notably in 1998 and 2005.[58]
Mascots[edit]
Baylor's mascot is the American black bear. The university has two live bears on campus named Joy and Lady, each bearing the title of Judge in honor of the first live mascot. The school's costumed mascot is named Bruiser.
Although Baylor began intercollegiate athletic competition in the 1890s, students did not elect the university's mascot until 1914.[59] The other two dozen nominees included the bald eagle and the bookworm.[60] Three years later, the 107th Engineers, a U.S. Army troop stationed in Waco, gave Baylor its first live bear. The 107th Engineers had found the bear while traveling by train to Waco. After the troop left, the Baylor University Chamber of Commerce began caring for the animal. The organization still cares for the university's live bears.
One of the most famous Baylor mascots was "Big Joe" or "College Joe" in the 1930s. The bear (originally named Buckshot) was the pet of local businessman Herbert E. Mayr and was known to perform circus tricks and drink from a bottle at Mayr's business.[61] The bear was housed at The Cotton Palace Zoo after it became too large to keep as a pet and destroyed the backseat of Mayr's car. Due to the expense of food, Mayr transferred responsibility for the bear to Waco attorney Woodie Zachery.[62] It was later adopted by W.W. Boyd and soon began its 11 years as Baylor's mascot "College Joe." Following its death, the bear was stuffed and given a special display at the university.[63]
The university's costumed mascot, Bruiser, was introduced at the beginning of the 1981–1982 basketball season.[64] The mascot appears at football and basketball events, along with university pep rallies and community events. Bruiser also travels with the basketball team to games for the Big 12 Basketball Tournament, NIT and NCAA Tournaments.[64]
Traditions[edit]
Baylor has many traditions that have developed since the university was founded. Some take the form of annual celebrations, while others are symbolized in memorials. The Baylor Chamber of Commerce is the oldest student organization on the campus that is responsible for most of the school's traditions.
The Baylor Line on the field of a home football game
Baylor Line[edit]
Main article: Baylor Line
The Baylor Line is a tradition for new students that began in 1970. Freshmen embrace the spirit of Baylor by wearing special football jerseys and rushing the field before home football games. Each "Line Jersey" has a nickname chosen by the student and his or her intended year of graduation on the back. From its inception until 1994, only male students were allowed to run the Line. Before the football game on Saturday, October 28, 2017, alumnae who were not allowed to run in the Line were invited to join the Freshmen in the run.[65]
Mass Meeting[edit]
The Thursday night of Homecoming Week, new Baylor students (Freshmen and Transfers) attend a mass meeting in Waco Hall where they learn about the Immortal Ten, the ten student athletes who died in a bus-train accident in Round Rock, Texas, on January 22, 1927. After the Mass Meeting, the freshmen class build a bonfire on Fountain Mall which often includes burning vigils of the homecoming football opponent's mascot created by the various on campus houses.[66]
Homecoming[edit]
The nation's first homecoming celebrations originated at Baylor in November 1909. Not long after, the idea was adopted by the University of Illinois in 1910, the University of Missouri in 1911, and at universities throughout the U.S. in the years that followed.[67][68] The Baylor Homecoming event began as a way to reconnect alumni with current students but has now grown to include a football game, bonfire, concerts, speeches, receptions, class reunions, pep rallies, and the nation's oldest and longest collegiate parade.[69]
The Immortal Ten Memorial
Immortal Ten[edit]
On January 22, 1927, a bus carrying the Baylor basketball team collided with the Sunshine Special train in Round Rock, Texas. Ten members of the traveling party were killed and many others were injured in the accident. The story of the Immortal Ten is told each year at Freshman Mass Meeting, where the names of the ten are called out. In 1996, the senior class provided initial funding to create an Immortal Ten statue on campus. Fundraising and planning for the statue continued over the ensuing years. Finally, on June 22, 2007, the statue sculpted by Bruce R. Greene was unveiled. The Immortal Ten memorial was officially dedicated during Homecoming on November 2, 2007 in Traditions Square.[70][71][72][73][74]
Alma mater[edit]
That Good Ol' Baylor Line
The Baylor University Men's Choir performing the university's alma mater, "That Good Ol' Baylor Line."
Baylor's alma mater is "That Good Ol' Baylor Line." In 1906, a student penned humorous words to the tune of "In the Good Old Summer Time" and they became generally accepted among the student body as the school fight song. However, in 1931, Enid Eastland Markham, wife of music professor Robert Markham, felt the words were neither dignified enough nor representative of the total university, so she decided to write new lyrics, which were soon sanctioned as the official school song. The "Good Ol' Summer Time" tune was later arranged to fit Mrs. Markham's "Baylor Line" through the work of Jack Goode, Donald I. Moore and Charles F. Brown.
Notable alumni, faculty and staff[edit]
Main article: List of Baylor University people
Willie Nelson attended Baylor
With more than 120,000 living alumni, Baylor is represented by notable individuals in an array of public and professional spheres.
Graduates acclaimed for their work in the arts include Pulitzer Prize-winning composer Steven Stucky, GMA Dove Award-winning composer Bruce Greer, Grammy Award-winning Christian recording artist Phil Driscoll, Christian recording artist David Crowder, Grammy-winning Gaither Vocal Band tenor David Phelps, screenwriter and director John Lee Hancock (with works including The Blind Side, nominated for the 2009 Academy Award for Best Picture), screenwriter Derek Haas (with works including 3:10 to Yuma and Wanted, both nominated for multiple Academy Awards), Emmy Award-nominated director Kevin Reynolds, Emmy-winning actress Angela Kinsey (the character of Angela Martin in NBC's The Office), Emmy-nominated actress Allison Tolman, Tony Award-nominated actress Elizabeth A. Davis, actress Carole Cook (a protégé of Lucille Ball), stand-up comedian Jeff Dunham, and The Silence of the Lambs writer Thomas Harris.
Also alumni of the university are Chip and Joanna Gaines, who graduated in 1998 and 2001 respectively. They are the stars of the HGTV show, Fixer Upper and are frequently involved in the Baylor community.[75]
Alumni known for leadership in the private and public sectors include People Magazine co-founder Hal C. Wingo, The Weather Channel CFO Jerry Elliott, American Airlines CEO Thomas W. Horton, Western Refining CEO Paul Foster, Allbritton Communications Company (the parent company of Politico) founder Joe Allbritton, XTO Energy CEO Bob R. Simpson, chairman of the McLane Group and former owner of the Houston Astros Drayton McLane, Jr., chairman of the Martin Organization and former PayPal executive Rod D. Martin, Oracle Corporation CEO Mark Hurd, former chairman and CEO of Stanford Financial Group Allen Stanford, EXUSMED CEO and founder of Empowering Spirits Foundation A. Latham Staples, former mayor of San Antonio Phil Hardberger, former Governor of Texas Ann Richards, former Governor of Texas Mark Wells White Jr., former Federal Bureau of Investigation director William S. Sessions, ninth president of Goucher College Judy Jolley Mohraz, South Carolina Congressman Trey Gowdy, and former US Ambassador to Sweden Lyndon Lowell Olson Jr.
Professional athletes who graduated from the university include Baltimore Ravens quarterback and 2011 Heisman Trophy-winner Robert Griffin III, Phoenix Mercury WNBA player Brittney Griner, four-time Olympic gold medalist Michael Johnson, and Baseball Hall of Fame inductee Ted Lyons.
Grammy–winning recording artist Willie Nelson, actor Austin Miller and Senator Rand Paul attended Baylor but did not receive degrees from the university. Former United States Vice President John Nance Garner (Franklin D. Roosevelt President) received an honorary doctor of laws degree from Baylor in 1936.[76] Actor and comedian Bill Cosby received an honorary doctor of humane letters degree from the university in 2003,[77] which was rescinded in 2015.[78]
For information on notable faculty, staff and other alumni, please see the List of Baylor University people.
Notable people
CEO of the Oracle Corporation and former CEO of Hewlett-Packard
David Crowder
GMA Dove Award-winning Christian recording artist
Quarterback for the Cleveland Browns and winner of the 2011 Heisman Trophy
Trey Wingo
Co-host of ESPN's SportsCenter
Brittney Griner
WNBA player for Phoenix Mercury, three-time All-American, 2012 AP Player of the Year
Philosopher and New York Times Bestselling author
Gary W. Keller
Author and co-founder of Keller Williams Realty
Sprinter, winner of four Olympic gold medals and eight World Championships gold medals
Former Governor of Texas
Campus[edit]
Pat Neff in the Spring, named for the former governor of Texas, Texas Railroad Commission member, and president of Baylor
Bill Daniel Student Center from the side
Bill Daniel Student Center during Christmas
Tidwell Bible Building at Baylor University in Waco, Texas
Tidwell Bible Building
Truett Seminary
Mayborn Museum
Old Main and Pat Neff Hall
Pat Neff Hall looking west
Statue of Judge Baylor
Another view of Burleson Quadrangle
Baylor Science Building
McLane Stadium interior facing south
SS Baylor Victory ship namesake
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^ [1][dead link]
^ [2] Archived February 5, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
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This article is about the stock exchange. For its parent company, see Intercontinental Exchange.
The New York Stock Exchange in 2015.
New York City, New York, U.S.
May 17, 1792; 227 years ago (1792-05-17)[1]
Jeffrey Sprecher
(Chairman)
Betty Liu
(Executive Vice Chairman)
Stacey Cunningham
(President)
No. of listings
2,400[2]
US$22.9 (2019)
US$20.161 trillion (2011)
NYC Landmark
Front Elevation of the New York Stock Exchange.
Show map of Lower Manhattan
Show map of New York
40°42′24.6″N 74°0′39.7″W / 40.706833°N 74.011028°W / 40.706833; -74.011028Coordinates: 40°42′24.6″N 74°0′39.7″W / 40.706833°N 74.011028°W / 40.706833; -74.011028
Classical Revival
June 2, 1978[3]
Designated NHL
Designated NYCL
The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE, nicknamed "The Big Board")[5] is an American stock exchange located at 11 Wall Street, Lower Manhattan, New York City, New York. It is by far[6][7] the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed companies at US$30.1 trillion as of February 2018.[8] The average daily trading value was approximately US$169 billion in 2013. The NYSE trading floor is located at 11 Wall Street and is composed of 21 rooms used for the facilitation of trading. A fifth trading room, located at 30 Broad Street, was closed in February 2007. The main building and the 11 Wall Street building were designated National Historic Landmarks in 1978.
The NYSE is owned by Intercontinental Exchange, an American holding company that it also lists (NYSE: ICE). Previously, it was part of NYSE Euronext (NYX), which was formed by the NYSE's 2007 merger with Euronext.[9]
1.1 Notable events
1.1.1 20th century
1.1.2 21st century
2 Official holidays
3 Trading
3.1 NYSE Composite Index
3.2 Timeline
3.3 Merger, acquisition, and control
4 Opening and closing bells
4.2 Notable bell-ringers
See also: List of presidents of the New York Stock Exchange
The Stock Exchange at 10–12 Broad Street, in 1882
The earliest recorded organization of securities trading in New York among brokers directly dealing with each other can be traced to the Buttonwood Agreement. Previously securities exchange had been intermediated by the auctioneers who also conducted more mundane auctions of commodities such as wheat and tobacco.[10] On May 17, 1792 twenty four brokers signed the Buttonwood Agreement which set a floor commission rate charged to clients and bound the signers to give preference to the other signers in securities sales. The earliest securities traded were mostly governmental securities such as War Bonds from the Revolutionary War and First Bank of the United States stock,[10] although Bank of New York stock was a non-governmental security traded in the early days.[11] The Bank of North America along with the First Bank of the United States and the Bank of New York were the first shares traded on the New York Stock Exchange.[12]
In 1817 the stockbrokers of New York operating under the Buttonwood Agreement instituted new reforms and reorganized. After sending a delegation to Philadelphia to observe the organization of their board of brokers, restrictions on manipulative trading were adopted as well as formal organs of governance.[10] After re-forming as the New York Stock and Exchange Board the broker organization began renting out space exclusively for securities trading, which previously had been taking place at the Tontine Coffee House. Several locations were used between 1817 and 1865, when the present location was adopted.[10]
The invention of the electrical telegraph consolidated markets, and New York's market rose to dominance over Philadelphia after weathering some market panics better than other alternatives.[10] The Open Board of Stock Brokers was established in 1864 as a competitor to the NYSE. With 354 members, the Open Board of Stock Brokers rivaled the NYSE in membership (which had 533) "because it used a more modern, continuous trading system superior to the NYSE’s twice-daily call sessions". The Open Board of Stock Brokers merged with the NYSE in 1869. Robert Wright of Bloomberg writes that the merger increased the NYSE's members as well as trading volume, as "several dozen regional exchanges were also competing with the NYSE for customers. Buyers, sellers and dealers all wanted to complete transactions as quickly and cheaply as technologically possible and that meant finding the markets with the most trading, or the greatest liquidity in today’s parlance. Minimizing competition was essential to keep a large number of orders flowing, and the merger helped the NYSE to maintain its reputation for providing superior liquidity."[13] The Civil War greatly stimulated speculative securities trading in New York. By 1869 membership had to be capped, and has been sporadically increased since. The latter half of the nineteenth century saw rapid growth in securities trading.[14]
Securities trade in the latter nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was prone to panics and crashes. Government regulation of securities trading was eventually seen as necessary, with arguably the most dramatic changes occurring in the 1930s after a major stock market crash precipitated the Great Depression.
The Stock Exchange Luncheon Club was situated on the seventh floor from 1898 until its closure in 2006.[15]
The main building, located at 18 Broad Street, between the corners of Wall Street and Exchange Place, was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1978,[16] as was the 11 Wall Street building.[4][17][18]
The floor of the New York Stock Exchange in 1908
The NYSE announced its plans to merge with Archipelago on April 21, 2005, in a deal intended to reorganize the NYSE as a publicly traded company. NYSE's governing board voted to merge with rival Archipelago on December 6, 2005, and became a for-profit, public company. It began trading under the name NYSE Group on March 8, 2006. A little over one year later, on April 4, 2007, the NYSE Group completed its merger with Euronext, the European combined stock market, thus forming NYSE Euronext, the first transatlantic stock exchange.
Wall Street is the leading US money center for international financial activities and the foremost US location for the conduct of wholesale financial services. "It comprises a matrix of wholesale financial sectors, financial markets, financial institutions, and financial industry firms" (Robert, 2002). The principal sectors are securities industry, commercial banking, asset management, and insurance.
Prior to the acquisition of NYSE Euronext by the ICE in 2013, Marsh Carter was the Chairman of the NYSE and the CEO was Duncan Niederauer. Presently,[when?] the chairman is Jeffrey Sprecher.[19] In 2016, NYSE owner Intercontinental Exchange Inc. earned $419 million in listings-related revenues.[20]
Notable events[edit]
Find sources: "New York Stock Exchange" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
See also: Wall Street Crash of 1929; Black Monday (1987); Friday the 13th mini-crash; October 27, 1997 mini-crash; and Economic effects arising from the September 11 attacks
The exchange was closed shortly after the beginning of World War I (July 31, 1914), but it partially re-opened on November 28 of that year in order to help the war effort by trading bonds,[21] and completely reopened for stock trading in mid-December.
On September 16, 1920, a bomb exploded on Wall Street outside the NYSE building, killing 33 people and injuring more than 400. The perpetrators were never found. The NYSE building and some buildings nearby, such as the JP Morgan building, still have marks on their façades caused by the bombing.
The Black Thursday crash of the Exchange on October 24, 1929, and the sell-off panic which started on Black Tuesday, October 29, are often blamed for precipitating the Great Depression. In an effort to try to restore investor confidence, the Exchange unveiled a fifteen-point program aimed to upgrade protection for the investing public on October 31, 1938.
On October 1, 1934, the exchange was registered as a national securities exchange with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, with a president and a thirty-three-member board. On February 18, 1971, the non-profit corporation was formed, and the number of board members was reduced to twenty-five.
One of Abbie Hoffman's well-known publicity stunts took place in 1967, when he led members of the Yippie movement to the Exchange's gallery. The provocateurs hurled fistfuls of dollars toward the trading floor below. Some traders booed, and some laughed and waved. Three months later the stock exchange enclosed the gallery with bulletproof glass.[22] Hoffman wrote a decade later, "We didn't call the press; at that time we really had no notion of anything called a media event."[23]
NYSE's stock exchange traders floor before the introduction of electronic readouts and computer screens.
On October 19, 1987, the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) dropped 508 points, a 22.6% loss in a single day, the second-biggest one-day drop the exchange had experienced. Black Monday was followed by Terrible Tuesday, a day in which the Exchange's systems did not perform well and some people had difficulty completing their trades.
Subsequently, there was another major drop for the Dow on October 13, 1989—the Mini-Crash of 1989. The crash was apparently caused by a reaction to a news story of a $6.75 billion leveraged buyout deal for UAL Corporation, the parent company of United Airlines, which broke down. When the UAL deal fell through, it helped trigger the collapse of the junk bond market causing the Dow to fall 190.58 points, or 6.91 percent.
Similarly, there was a panic in the financial world during the year of 1997; the Asian Financial Crisis. Like the fall of many foreign markets, the Dow suffered a 7.18% drop in value (554.26 points) on October 27, 1997, in what later became known as the 1997 Mini-Crash but from which the DJIA recovered quickly. This was the first time that the "circuit breaker" rule had operated.
21st century[edit]
On January 26, 2000, an altercation during filming of the music video for "Sleep Now in the Fire", which was directed by Michael Moore, caused the doors of the exchange to be closed and the band Rage Against the Machine to be escorted from the site by security[24] after band members attempted to gain entry into the exchange.
In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, the NYSE was closed for 4 trading sessions, resuming on Monday, September 17, one of the rare times the NYSE was closed for more than one session and only the third time since March 1933. On the first day, the NYSE suffered a 7.1% drop in value (684 points), after a week, it dropped by 14% (1370 points). An estimated of $1.4 trillion was lost within five days of trading.[25] The NYSE was only 5 blocks from Ground Zero.
On May 6, 2010, the Dow Jones Industrial Average posted its largest intraday percentage drop since the October 19, 1987, crash, with a 998-point loss later being called the 2010 Flash Crash (as the drop occurred in minutes before rebounding). The SEC and CFTC published a report on the event, although it did not come to a conclusion as to the cause. The regulators found no evidence that the fall was caused by erroneous ("fat finger") orders.[26]
On October 29, 2012, the stock exchange was shut down for 2 days due to Hurricane Sandy.[27] The last time the stock exchange was closed due to weather for a full two days was on March 12 and 13 in 1888.[28]
On May 1, 2014, the stock exchange was fined $4.5 million by the Securities and Exchange Commission to settle charges it violated market rules.[29]
On August 14, 2014, Berkshire Hathaway's A Class shares, the highest priced shares on the NYSE, hit $200,000 a share for the first time.[30]
On July 8, 2015, technical issues affected the stock exchange, halting trading at 11:32 am ET. The NYSE reassured stock traders that the outage was "not a result of a cyber breach", and the Department of Homeland Security confirmed that there was "no sign of malicious activity".[31] Trading eventually resumed at 3:10 pm ET the same day.
On May 25, 2018, Stacey Cunningham, the NYSE's chief operating officer, became the Big Board's 67th president, succeeding Thomas Farley.[32] She is the first female leader in the exchange's 226-year history.
Official holidays[edit]
The New York Stock Exchange is closed on New Years Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Washington's Birthday, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas. When those holidays occur on a weekend, the holiday is observed on the closest weekday. In addition, the Stock Exchange closes early on the day before Independence Day, the day after Thanksgiving, and the day before Christmas.[33] The NYSE averages about 253 trading days per year.
Trading[edit]
The NYSE trading floor in 2009
The New York Stock Exchange (sometimes referred to as "the Big Board") provides a means for buyers and sellers to trade shares of stock in companies registered for public trading. The NYSE is open for trading Monday through Friday from 9:30 am – 4:00 pm ET, with the exception of holidays declared by the Exchange in advance.
The NYSE trades in a continuous auction format, where traders can execute stock transactions on behalf of investors. They will gather around the appropriate post where a specialist broker, who is employed by a NYSE member firm (that is, he/she is not an employee of the New York Stock Exchange), acts as an auctioneer in an open outcry auction market environment to bring buyers and sellers together and to manage the actual auction. They do on occasion (approximately 10% of the time) facilitate the trades by committing their own capital and as a matter of course disseminate information to the crowd that helps to bring buyers and sellers together. The auction process moved toward automation in 1995 through the use of wireless hand held computers (HHC). The system enabled traders to receive and execute orders electronically via wireless transmission. On September 25, 1995, NYSE member Michael Einersen, who designed and developed this system, executed 1000 shares of IBM through this HHC ending a 203-year process of paper transactions and ushering in an era of automated trading.
As of January 24, 2007, all NYSE stocks can be traded via its electronic hybrid market (except for a small group of very high-priced stocks). Customers can now send orders for immediate electronic execution, or route orders to the floor for trade in the auction market. In the first three months of 2007, in excess of 82% of all order volume was delivered to the floor electronically.[34] NYSE works with US regulators like the SEC and CFTC to coordinate risk management measures in the electronic trading environment through the implementation of mechanisms like circuit breakers and liquidity replenishment points.[35]
Until 2005, the right to directly trade shares on the exchange was conferred upon owners of the 1,366 "seats". The term comes from the fact that up until the 1870s NYSE members sat in chairs to trade. In 1868, the number of seats was fixed at 533, and this number was increased several times over the years. In 1953, the number of seats was set at 1,366. These seats were a sought-after commodity as they conferred the ability to directly trade stock on the NYSE, and seat holders were commonly referred to as members of the NYSE. The Barnes family is the only known lineage to have five generations of NYSE members: Winthrop H. Barnes (admitted 1894), Richard W.P. Barnes (admitted 1926), Richard S. Barnes (admitted 1951), Robert H. Barnes (admitted 1972), Derek J. Barnes (admitted 2003). Seat prices varied widely over the years, generally falling during recessions and rising during economic expansions. The most expensive inflation-adjusted seat was sold in 1929 for $625,000, which, today, would be over six million dollars. In recent times, seats have sold for as high as $4 million in the late 1990s and as low as $1 million in 2001. In 2005, seat prices shot up to $3.25 million as the exchange entered into an agreement to merge with Archipelago and became a for-profit, publicly traded company. Seat owners received $500,000 in cash per seat and 77,000 shares of the newly formed corporation. The NYSE now sells one-year licenses to trade directly on the exchange. Licenses for floor trading are available for $40,000 and a license for bond trading is available for as little as $1,000 as of 2010.[36] Neither are resell-able, but may be transferable during a change of ownership of a corporation holding a trading license.
Following the Black Monday market crash in 1987, NYSE imposed trading curbs to reduce market volatility and massive panic sell-offs. Following the 2011 rule change, at the start of each trading day, the NYSE sets three circuit breaker levels at levels of 7% (Level 1), 13% (Level 2), and 20% (Level 3) of the average closing price of the S&P 500 for the preceding trading day. Level 1 and Level 2 declines result in a 15-minute trading halt unless they occur after 3:25 pm, when no trading halts apply. A Level 3 decline results in trading being suspended for the remainder of the day.[37] (The biggest one-day decline in the S&P 500 since 1987 was the 9.0% drop on October 15, 2008.)
NYSE Composite Index[edit]
In the mid-1960s, the NYSE Composite Index (NYSE: NYA) was created, with a base value of 50 points equal to the 1965 yearly close.[38] This was done to reflect the value of all stocks trading at the exchange instead of just the 30 stocks included in the Dow Jones Industrial Average. To raise the profile of the composite index, in 2003 the NYSE set its new base value of 5,000 points equal to the 2002 yearly close. Its close at the end of 2013 was 10,400.32.
Timeline[edit]
The NYSE at Christmas time (December 2008)
In 1792, NYSE acquires its first traded securities.[39][40]
In 1817, the constitution of the New York Stock and Exchange Board is adopted, it had also been established by the New York brokers as a formal organization.[41]
In 1863, Name changed to the New York Stock Exchange.
In 1865, New York Gold Exchange was acquired by the NYSE.[42]
In 1867, Stock tickers were first introduced.[43]
In 1885, the 400 NYSE members in the Consolidated Stock Exchange withdraw from Consolidated over disagreements on exchange trade areas.[44]
In 1896, the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) is first published in The Wall Street Journal.[43]
In 1903, NYSE moves into new quarters at 18 Broad Street.
In 1906, the DJIA exceeds 100 on January 12.
In 1907, Panic of 1907.
In 1909, Trading in bonds.
In 1915, Basis of quoting and trading in stocks changed from % of par value to dollars.
In 1920, a bomb exploded on Wall Street outside the NYSE building. Thirty killed and over 100 injured.
In 1923, Poor's Publishing introduced their "Composite Index", today referred to as the S&P 500, which tracked a small number of companies on the NYSE.[45]
In 1929, central quote system established; Black Thursday, October 24 and Black Tuesday, October 29 signal the end of the Roaring Twenties bull market.
In 1938, NYSE names its first president.
In 1943, trading floor is opened to women.[46]
In 1949, the third longest (eight-year) bull market begins.[47]
In 1954, the DJIA surpasses its 1929 peak in inflation-adjusted dollars.
In 1956, the DJIA closes above 500 for the first time on March 12.
In 1957, after Poor's Publishing merged with the Standard Statistics Bureau, the Standard & Poors composite index grew to track 500 companies on the NYSE, becoming known as the S&P 500.[45]
In 1966, NYSE begins a composite index of all listed common stocks. This is referred to as the "Common Stock Index" and is transmitted daily. The starting point of the index is 50. It is later renamed the NYSE Composite Index.[48]
In 1967, Muriel Siebert becomes the first female member of the New York Stock Exchange.[49]
In 1967, protesters led by Abbie Hoffman throw mostly fake dollar bills at traders from gallery, leading to the installation of bullet-proof glass.
In 1970, Securities Investor Protection Corporation established.
In 1971, NYSE incorporated and recognized as Not-for-Profit organization.[48]
In 1971, the Nasdaq was founded and competes with the NYSE as the world's first electronic stock market.[50] To date, the Nasdaq is the second-largest exchange in the world by market capitalization, behind only the NYSE.[51]
In 1972, the DJIA closes above 1,000 for the first time on November 14.
In 1977, foreign brokers are admitted to NYSE.
In 1980, New York Futures Exchange established.
In 1987, Black Monday, October 19, sees the second-largest one-day DJIA percentage drop (22.6%, or 508 points) in history.
In 1987, Membership in the NYSE reaches a record price of $1.5 million.
In 1990, the longest (ten-year) bull market begins.[47]
In 1991, the DJIA exceeds 3,000.
In 1996, real-time ticker introduced.[52]
In 1997, on October 27, a sell-off in Asia's stock markets hurts the U.S. markets as well; DJIA sees the largest one-day point drop of 554 (or 7.18%) in history.[53]
In 1999, the DJIA exceeds 10,000 on March 29.
In 2000, the DJIA peaks at 11,722.98 on January 14; first NYSE global index is launched under the ticker NYIID.
Security after the September 11 attacks
In 2001, trading in fractions (n⁄16) ends, replaced by decimals (increments of $0.01, see Decimalization); September 11 attacks occur causing NYSE to close for four sessions.
In 2003, NYSE Composite Index relaunched and value set equal to 5,000 points.
In 2006, NYSE and ArcaEx merge, creating NYSE Arca and forming the publicly owned, for-profit NYSE Group, Inc.; in turn, NYSE Group merges with Euronext, creating the first trans-Atlantic stock exchange group; DJIA tops 12,000 on October 19.
In 2007, US President George W. Bush shows up unannounced to the Floor about an hour and a half before a Federal Open Market Committee interest-rate decision on January 31;[54] NYSE announces its merger with the American Stock Exchange; NYSE Composite closes above 10,000 on June 1; DJIA exceeds 14,000 on July 19 and closes at a peak of 14,164.53 on October 9.
In 2008, the DJIA loses more than 500 points on September 15 amid fears of bank failures, resulting in a permanent prohibition of naked short selling and a three-week temporary ban on all short selling of financial stocks; in spite of this, record volatility continues for the next two months, culminating at 5½-year market lows.
In 2009, the second longest and current bull market begins on March 9 after the DJIA closes at 6,547.05 reaching a 12-year low; DJIA returns to 10,015.86 on October 14.[47]
In 2013, the DJIA closes above 2007 highs on March 5; DJIA closes above 16,500 to end the year.
In 2014, the DJIA closes above 17,000 on July 3 and above 18,000 on December 23.
In 2015, the DJIA achieved an all-time high of 18,351.36 on 19 May.[55]
In 2015, the DJIA dropped over 1,000 points to 15,370.33 soon after open on August 24, 2015, before bouncing back and closing at 15,795.72, a drop of over 669 points.
In 2016, the DJIA hits an all-time high of 18,873.6.
In 2017, the DJIA reaches 20,000 for the first time (on January 25).
In 2018, the DJIA reaches 25,000 for the first time (on January 4).[56] On February 5, the DJIA dropped 1,175 points, making it the largest point drop in history.[57]
Merger, acquisition, and control[edit]
In October 2008 NYSE Euronext completed acquisition of the American Stock Exchange (AMEX) for $260 million in stock.[58]
On February 15, 2011, NYSE and Deutsche Börse announced their merger to form a new company, as yet unnamed, wherein Deutsche Börse shareholders will have 60% ownership of the new entity, and NYSE Euronext shareholders will have 40%.
On February 1, 2012, the European Commission blocked the merger of NYSE with Deutsche Börse, after commissioner Joaquin Almunia stated that the merger "would have led to a near-monopoly in European financial derivatives worldwide".[59] Instead, Deutsche Börse and NYSE will have to sell either their Eurex derivatives or LIFFE shares in order to not create a monopoly. On February 2, 2012, NYSE Euronext and Deutsche Börse agreed to scrap the merger.[60]
In April 2011, Intercontinental Exchange (ICE), an American futures exchange, and NASDAQ OMX Group had together made an unsolicited proposal to buy NYSE Euronext for approximately US$11,000,000,000, a deal in which NASDAQ would have taken control of the stock exchanges.[61] NYSE Euronext rejected this offer twice, but it was finally terminated after the United States Department of Justice indicated their intention to block the deal due to antitrust concerns.[61]
In December 2012, ICE had proposed to buy NYSE Euronext in a stock swap with a valuation of $8 billion.[9][61] NYSE Euronext shareholders would receive either $33.12 in cash, or $11.27 in cash and approximately a sixth of a share of ICE. The chairman and CEO of ICE, Jeffrey Sprecher, will retain those positions, but four members of the NYSE board of directors will be added to the ICE board.[9]
Opening and closing bells[edit]
U.S. Secretary of Commerce Donald L. Evans rings the 'opening bell' at the NYSE on April 23, 2003. Former chairman Jack Womack is also in this picture.
NASA astronauts Scott Altman and Mike Massimino ring the 'closing bell'.
The NYSE's opening and closing bells mark the beginning and the end of each trading day. The 'opening bell' is rung at 9:30 am ET to mark the start of the day's trading session. At 4 pm ET the 'closing bell' is rung and trading for the day stops. There are bells located in each of the four main sections of the NYSE that all ring at the same time once a button is pressed.[62] There are three buttons that control the bells, located on the control panel behind the podium which overlooks the trading floor. The main bell, which is rung at the beginning and end of the trading day, is controlled by a green button. The second button, colored orange, activates a single-stroke bell that is used to signal a moment of silence. A third, red button controls a backup bell which is used in case the main bell fails to ring.[63]
The signal to start and stop trading was not always a bell. The original signal was a gavel (which is still in use today along with the bell), but during the late 1800s, the NYSE decided to switch the gavel for a gong to signal the day's beginning and end. After the NYSE changed to its present location at 18 Broad Street in 1903, the gong was switched to the bell format that is currently being used.
A common sight today is the highly publicized events in which a celebrity or executive from a corporation stands behind the NYSE podium and pushes the button that signals the bells to ring. Due to the amount of coverage that the opening/closing bells receive, many companies coordinate new product launches and other marketing-related events to start on the same day as when the company's representatives ring the bell. It was only in 1995 that the NYSE began having special guests ring the bells on a regular basis; prior to that, ringing the bells was usually the responsibility of the exchange's floor managers.[62]
Notable bell-ringers[edit]
Many of the people who ring the bell are business executives whose companies trade on the exchange. However, there have also been many famous people from outside the world of business that have rung the bell. Athletes such as Joe DiMaggio of the New York Yankees and Olympic swimming champion Michael Phelps, entertainers such as rapper Snoop Dogg, members of ESPN’s College GameDay crew, singer and actress Liza Minnelli[64] and members of the band Kiss, and politicians such as Mayor of New York City Rudy Giuliani and President of South Africa Nelson Mandela have all had the honor of ringing the bell. Two United Nations Secretaries General have also rung the bell. On April 27, 2006, Secretary-General Kofi Annan rang the opening bell to launch the United Nations Principles for Responsible Investment.[65] On July 24, 2013, Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon rang the closing bell to celebrate the NYSE joining the United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchanges Initiative.[66]
In addition there have been many bell-ringers who are famous for heroic deeds, such as members of the New York police and fire departments following the events of 9/11, members of the United States Armed Forces serving overseas, and participants in various charitable organizations.
There have also been several fictional characters that have rung the bell, including Mickey Mouse, the Pink Panther, Mr. Potato Head, the Aflac Duck, and Darth Vader.[67]
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^ George Winslow, "New York Gold Market" in The Encyclopedia of New York City (2d ed.: eds. Kenneth T. Jackson, Lisa Keller & Nancy Flood).
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Buck, James E. (1992). The New York Stock Exchange: The First 200 Years. Greenwich Pub. Group. ISBN 0-944641-02-4.
Geisst, Charles R. (2004). Wall Street: A History – From its Beginnings to the Fall of Enron. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-517060-1.
Kent, Zachary (1990). The Story of the New York Stock Exchange. Scholastic Library Pub. ISBN 0-516-04748-5.
Sloane, Leonard (1980). The Anatomy of the Floor. Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-12249-7.
Sobel, Robert (1975). N.Y.S.E.: A History of the New York Stock Exchange, 1935–1975. Weybright and Talley. ISBN 0-679-40124-5.
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Where other strongmen gnash their teeth and scream fearsome Viking war cries that could raise the dead in Valhalla, Anthony Fuhrman prefers to tango. By himself. An active duty member of the U.S. Army, the 31-year-old Team Bodybuilding.com athlete can deadlift 805 pounds, bench 500, and drag a semitruck across a parking lot. What sets him apart, however, is his alter ego.
Fuhrman calls his character “La Flama Blanca,” and when he executes a fierce lift, he trots out the signature soulful dance moves that have put strongman on the radar of an entirely new set of fans, fans who like a side of laughs with their entree of strongman grunts. It’s easy to say, “Think different.” It’s hard to make that happen and become a strength freak. Here, Fuhrman outlines the secrets that have helped him become a breakout star.
1. Get Meaty with a Spoon
Train hard, eat big, get paid—isn’t that every iron pounder’s dream? It sounds totally awesome until you have to do it for a living and start to feel like a human side of the beef you’re choking down all the time.
“I get tired of eating so much,” Fuhrman says. “It doesn’t matter how much sleep you get, if you’re not eating the right food all of the time, you’re not going to get stronger.”
For Fuhrman, that means putting down 3-4 pounds of meat a day.
“It’s a lot of force-feeding. I use a spoon and a fast motion. If you get it down quicker, your stomach won’t tell you it’s full and you can eat more.”
2. Forget Vacations
When you see strongman competitors, they’re always at some badass event in an exotic location doing something that blows your mind. See the world! Lift heavy things! Make new friends! Again, it sounds awesome, but the reality is not so glamorous. You may lift next to a beach, but you’re not playing in the sand and draining Coronas on this job—being a strongman is an all-in commitment.
“I haven’t been on an actual vacation in four years,” Fuhrman admits. “If I go somewhere, there’s training involved and an event. I’ve tried to turn travel for competitions into vacations, but it just doesn’t work. Strongman is not paved with gold, so you put a lot of your own time and money into it.”
3. Rest Up
“I get a hangover if I stay up past 10 p.m. now,” Fuhrman says. “You can’t be going out and staying up late. You have to forget about having what most people would consider a social life.”
Recovery is second in line behind eating, but you have to rest up to get ready to plow through all of that meat with your spoon.
4. Being Strong Helps
Hard work comes with the territory, but if you want to tango in booty shorts in the victor’s circle, being a total mutant from the get-go helps. Fuhrman did three combat tours and plenty of strength and conditioning work for his job as an Army infantryman, but he never considered himself a serious lifter.
“I started dabbling in weights in 2012, but serious strength training didn’t start until 2015. I was lifting in a gym, and there was a guy running a program for the 4th Infantry Division in Colorado Springs. He saw me deadlifting 500 pounds and said, ‘Hey, try lifting this Atlas stone.’ I lifted a 300-pounder my first time, and he was impressed. I was impressed with myself. I was doing something other people couldn’t do.”
That lit the spark that would become La Flame Blanca, and four years later, Fuhrman is a pro and changing the game. If you can casually deadlift 500 pounds, you’re off to a great start.
5. Flip the Switch
Fuhrman loved watching pro wrestling as a kid—and practicing his figure four, sharpshooter, and suplex moves on his three younger brothers.
“The Macho Man peacocked the best, and he looked the biggest because he dressed the biggest,” says Fuhrman. “And Ric Flair, well, nobody could do a promo like Ric Flair.”
He still loves wrestling, and he gets to apply some of what he has picked up over the years to his social media game. Still, he works hard to make the magic.
“I’m miserable at making videos and doing Instagram. I suck at selfies. It’s a love-hate relationship for me,” he says. “If I’m in the mood, it’s really easy to do, but I always have to get myself out there, no matter how I’m feeling.”
Whether it’s time to go—at the gym or on camera—a real pro can flip the switch and make it happen.
6. Develop an Alter Ego
Fuhrman’s La Flama Blanca character, which he has described as the strongman version of Richard Simmons, helped him break through into popular culture and gave him a taste of stardom with an appearance on The Rock’s “Titan Games,” with more to come. Once again, while it may seem like fun and games, there’s another level to this play. It started with an experience Fuhrman had while playing high school football. He was a standout player and dreamed of making it to the NFL, but first he had to make varsity.
“The summer of my sophomore year, I was on JV and really wanted to play varsity,” he recalls. “My line coach told me I wasn’t aggressive enough. I developed an alter ego and went into camp with a focused aggression to be as mean as I could, and I bullied people on the field I had no business bullying.”
He made varsity. Although a torn MCL ended his football career and sent him on a new path into the Army, Fuhrman had found the strategy that would one day help him develop La Flama Blanca.
This article was originally published by Bodybuilding.com. Read the original article here.
4 Amazing Body Benefits Of Using The Cable Machine
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HomePosts tagged 'accident and emergency'
The Weirdest Of Coincidences
March 17, 2013 fasab Doctors, Hospitals, Humour, Medical, Stories, Uncategorized, Unusual 11:00 am, accident and emergency, another dimension, answers, clergymen, Coincidences, deaths, doctors, dying, evil entities, funny, health, holy objects, hospital, hospital management, Humor, Humour, Intensive Care Unit, laws of probability, life support system, medical, medical condition, medical experts, medicine, medium, Misc, Miscellaneous, mystery, nervous, nurses, one in a million, patients, phenomenon, portal, prayer books, puzzled, questions, Random, reason, scientists, stupid people, stupidity, Sunday mornings, super natural, surgical, sweeper, the same bed, the same time, tv, vacuum cleaner, ward off the evil spirits, wards, Weird, Weirdest, wooden crosses, work, worldwide team of experts
The hospital was just like any other.
It had accident and emergency, medical, surgical and all the other usual departments and wards. It also had an Intensive Care Unit, well staffed and managed, just like any other.
Except that this Intensive Care Unit wasn’t just like any other. Patients kept dying in this unit.
Not only that, but they always died in the same bed, and at the same time, on Sunday mornings at about 11:00 am, regardless of their medical condition.
It had been that way for a while and doctors, nurses and the hospital management were not only puzzled, but rather nervous too.
What could possibly be the reason? The laws of probability made this occurrence way more than one in a million.
Some even thought it had to have something to do with the super natural.
Had something terrible happened in that ward sometime in the past?
Was the hospital built on the site of some awful tragedy that had taken place years ago?
Was there some kind of portal to another dimension where evil entities could enter and leave?
There were many more questions than answers, but no one could solve the mystery as to why the deaths always occurred in the same bed and around the same time, 11:00 am Sunday.
Eventually a worldwide team of experts was assembled to investigate the cause of the incidents. It included scientists, medical experts, a crew with electronic detection equipment, several clergymen and even a medium.
They were prepared for anything and everything.
Or so they thought.
The next Sunday morning, a few minutes before 11:00 am all of the doctors and nurses nervously waited with the team of experts outside the ward to see for themselves what the terrible phenomenon was all about.
Some were holding wooden crosses, others prayer books and other holy objects to ward off the evil spirits.
Then, just when the clock struck 11:00 am, the ward door suddenly burst open.
The crowd of watchers gasped.
Pookie Johnson, the part-time Sunday sweeper, entered the ward.
He walked over to the wall beside the offending bed, unplugged the life support system and plugged in his vacuum cleaner.
Turns out the culprit was Pookie and not a spookie after all.
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HomePosts tagged 'g'
The Mayans Were Just Ten Days Out – 2012, The End
December 31, 2012 December 31, 2012 fasab Factoids, Uncategorized, Unusual 2012, 2013, 31st December, 80 mph winds, Adam Lanza, Alex Karras, America, Andrew Breitbart, Android, Andy Griffith, Andy Williams, apple, Arlen Specter, Art Modell, Aurora, Australia, Austrian, Batman, BBC, Benghazi, Blogs, books, Carol Bartz, Category 1 Hurricane, Category 2 hurricane, celebrity paedophiles, Celeste Holm, Chad Everett, Charles Durning, child sex abuse, China, Chuck Colson, CIA Director, Colorado, congress, Connecticut, crazed gunman, Current Events, cycling champion, Daniel Inouye, Darrell Royal, Dave Brubeck, David Petraeus, Davy Jones, departures, derecho, Dick Clark, Director General, disc jockey, Don Cornelius, Don Grady, Donna Summer, Dust Bowl drought, Earl Scruggs, education, EF-4 tornadoes, Elizabeth Montgomery, Empire State Building, Ernest Borgnine, Etta James, events, events of the year, facebook, Felix Baumgartner, France, Frank Cady, g, Gary Carter, Gary Collins, George Harrison, George Lindsey, George McGovern, Germany, Gerry Anderson, Goodfellas, Google, Google Maps, Gore Vidal, Great Britain, Great Drought, greedy banksters, Hal David, Harry Carey, Helen Gurley Brown, Henry Hill, Herbert Lom, Hurricane Isaac, Illinois, increasing taxes, International Cycling Union, Intrade, ipad, iPhone 5, Islamic militants, Jack Klugman, James Holmes, James Q Wilson, Japan, Jerry Sandusky, Jim Unger, Jimmy Savile, Joe Paterno, Jonathan Frid, Junior Seau, Kentucky, Kitty Wells, Lance Armstrong, Larry Hagman, Lee MacPhail, Levon Helm, Libya, Life, London, Louisiana, Lower Mississippi River, Marvin Hamlisch, Marvin Miller, Maurice Sendak, Mayans, Megaupload, memories, Michael Clarke Duncan, microsoft, Mike Wallace, Misc, Miscellaneous, Mississippi, Mississippi River, movies, Musings, Neil Armstrong, New Jersey, new york, Newtown, Nora Ephron, Norman Schwarzkopf, November 2012, Obama administration, olympic games, Oval Office, paedophile, Paralympic Games, Patrick Moore, Paul Ryan, Penn State University, People, personalities, Peter Breck, Phyllis Diller, Plaquemines Parish, politics, pope, Port Sulphur, President Obama, President of the United States, presidential election, Prison Fellowship Ministries, publishing, Random, Ravi Shankar, Ray Bradbury, Reddit, Richard D. Zanuck, Richard Dawson, Robert Bork, Robert Hegyes, Robin Gibb, Rodney King, Roman Catholic Church, Ron Palillo, Russia, Sally Ride, Samsung, Sandy Hook Elementary School, scandal, Scott Thompson, September 11, severe thunderstorms, Sherman Hemsley, Sikh temple, SOPA, south korea, southern Georgia, Southern Indiana, southern Ohio, Stop Online Piracy Act, Sun Myung Moon, Super Storm Sandy, Sylvia Kristel, tablets, Techie World, technology, television, The Dark Knight Rises, thought police, Tony Martin, tornado, Tour de France, Turhan Bey, tweeting, Twitter, Ukraine, United States Anti-Doping Agency, US Ambassador Christopher Stevens, US mission, US Presidential Election, USA, USADA, Victor Spinetti, Vidal Sassoon, Virginia, warmest year on record, weather, Whitney Houston, Wikipedia, wildfires, William Asher, William Rees-Mog, WIndows 8, Wisconsin, Yahoo, Yitzhak Shamir, Zig Ziglar
Yes folks we all gave the Mayans some stick when their prediction didn’t come true (including me, click here if you missed it) but they were just ten days out, not too bad in a few thousand years!
Today IS the end. The end of 2012. It has been a difficult and frustrating year business-wise because of the continued mess created by the stupid and greedy banksters, so I for one won’t be sorry to see the end of it.
However that gripe aside, it is the last day of 2012 so I thought we should do something a little different today.
So, before we start to look forward to a new, and hopefully better, year, here is a selective look back at some of the events of this year.
There are a couple of ways you could do a post like this. You could link to other sites, particularly newspaper sites because they all seem to do lists of one kind or another at the close of the year. The other way is to compile a more personal one, with the things you remember personally. Both are equally valid, but this being a blog I’ve chosen to go the more personal route and compile a list of the things I remember so, although it is quite long, it is selective and by no means covers everything that happened in 2012.
I have also included a list of some of the personalities that passed during 2012, you probably heard about them all at the time, but memories being what they are I am sure one or two of them will come as a surprise.
So let’s get started.
I don’t know whether to class this as the biggest event or the biggest non event of the year, but November 2012 saw the Presidential election campaign and the successful return of President Obama to the Oval Office. Look forward to increasing taxes in 2013!
Although on the face of it a national event, because of the power and influence of America, the US Presidential Election has now become an International spectacle watched by several billion people worldwide. What they made of it all I don’t know, but they watched it anyway.
The other big international spectacle of the 2012 that drew large viewing audiences were the Olympic and Paralympic Games held in London in July, August and September. Approximately 10,500 athletes participated in 302 events in 26 sports.
In the Olympics the top six gold medal places went to USA (46), China (38), Great Britain (29), Russia (24), and South Korea (13), with Germany and France tying for sixth place with 11 gold medals each. The overall medal table was slightly different, USA (104), China (88), Russia (82), Great Britain (65), Germany (44), and Japan (38).
In the Paralympics the top six gold medal places went to China (95), Russia (36), Great Britain (34), Ukraine (32), Australia (32), and USA (31). In the overall medal results the order was China (231), Great Britain (120), Russia (102), USA (98), Australia (85), and Ukraine (84).
The weather, at its extremes, was another major talking point of 2012. Starting with the last and worst, ‘Super Storm Sandy’ took most of the headlines and did the most damage, particularly to north east coast areas of New York, New Jersey and Connecticut. The cost is estimated to be in the tens of billions of dollars.
Almost forgotten because of the ferocity of Sandy was Hurricane Isaac that slowly lumbered ashore near the mouth of the Mississippi River on August 28 as a Category 1 Hurricane with 80 mph winds. Isaac’s large size and slow motion caused a storm surge of up to eleven feet, more characteristic of a Category 2 hurricane. Thankfully, however, New Orleans’ new $14.5 billion levee upgrade held against Isaac’s surge, although further up the Mississippi River in Plaquemines Parish near Port Sulphur, it did cause major flooding of homes. In total Isaac still managed to do about $2 billion worth of damage.
Early March also saw a massive and violent tornado outbreak on an exceptional scale and including two deadly EF-4 tornadoes. In all, seventy tornadoes touched down in eleven states, from southern Ohio to southern Georgia, killing 41 people, with Kentucky and Southern Indiana being hardest hit and suffering 22 and 13 dead, respectively. At one point, 31 separate tornado warnings were in effect during the outbreak covering an area of more than 80,000 square miles. Tornado watches were posted for mpre than 300,000 square miles, an area larger than Texas. Total damage was estimated at $4 billion.
Also on June 29 a violent line of severe thunderstorms called a derecho swept across the U.S. from Illinois to Virginia, damaging houses, toppling trees, and bringing down power lines. Twenty-two people were killed, and power cuts affected at least 3.4 million people. The derecho was unusually intense due to extreme heat that set all-time records at ten major cities on its south side, helping to create an unstable atmosphere with plenty of energy to fuel severe thunderstorms. At least 38 thunderstorms in the derecho generated wind gusts in excess of hurricane force, making it one of the most severe derechoes on record. Total damage was estimated at $3.75 billion.
Contrarily, 2012 was the warmest year on record, with July being the warmest month of any month in the 1,400+ months of the U.S. data record, going back to 1895. The spring temperature departure from average was also the largest on record for any season, and March temperatures had the second largest warm departure from average of any month in U.S. history. All-time hottest temperature records were set over approximately 7% of the area of the contiguous U.S., according to a database of 298 major U.S. cities maintained by wunderground’s weather historian, Christopher C. Burt.
This, despite all this rainfall and flooding caused by the severe storms, also saw a ‘Great Drought’ in 2012, the full consequences of which we have not yet seen and which may well prove to be the biggest weather story of the year. The area of the contiguous U.S. in moderate or greater drought peaked at 61.8% in July–the largest such area since the Dust Bowl drought of December 1939. The heat and dryness resulted in record or near-record evaporation rates, causing major impact on corn, soybean and wheat belts in addition to livestock production. Drought upstream of the Lower Mississippi River caused record and near-record low stream flows along the river in Mississippi and Louisiana, resulting in limited river transportation and commerce. Crop damages alone from the great drought are estimated at $35 billion. As the total scope of losses is realized across all lines of business in coming moths, this number will climb significantly.
Add to this 2012 as the 3rd worst wildfire year in U.S. history, with 9.2 million acres burned–an area larger than the state of Maryland.
On a completely different subject 2012 will also be remembered as the year of the high profile celebrity paedophiles.
Penn State University’s former defensive coordinator, Jerry Sandusky, was convicted of 45 counts of sexually abusing 10 boys over 15 years. He was sentenced to 30 to 60 years in prison. The scandal sparked a national debate over child sex abuse, embarrassed the university and implicated a number of its top officials including legendary football head coach, the late Joe Paterno.
In Britain there was a major, and still ongoing, scandal within the BBC because of the actions and subsequent cover-up of the actions of paedophile disc jockey Jimmy Savile (now deceased). This has already led to the resignations of several high-ranking BBC employees, including its Director General.
The Roman Catholic Church also continued to suffer from the fallout from decades of child abuse and cover-ups by its priests and hierarchy.
In the Techie World 2012 saw a number of milestone events.
There was the introduction of the all new WIndows 8 operating system by Microsoft.
Then there was the continuation of the big bust up between Apple and Samsung which in its second year seemed even stronger than ever.
The thought police closed down Megaupload and stopped Americans using Intrade.
Members of Congress also sponsored the Stop Online Piracy Act, or SOPA, and related bills to make it easier to shut down websites that illegally share music, movies and other content. But opponents (which included just about everybody who used the internet) argued it went too far and could end up shutting down legitimate sites while stifling free expression in the process. Unfortunately for backers of SOPA, Web heavyweights such as Google, Facebook, Reddit and Wikipedia joined the fight against the bill. Sites went black on January 18 to raise awareness. Members of communities such as Reddit put intense pressure on lawmakers (including soon-to-be GOP vice presidential nominee Paul Ryan) until they dropped their support or went on record opposing the bill. The unprecedented backlash eventually caused supporters to shelve SOPA, and quite possibly ushered in a new age of Web activism.
Facebook flopped producing one of the longest alliterated titles in the blogsphere during 2012 (Furious Flabbergasted Facebook Fools Face Frightening Falls From Fanciful Flagging Financial Flotation Farce ).
Meanwhile Twitter went from strength to strength with even the President of the United States and the Pope tweeting their little hearts out.
Speaking of flops, Carol Bartz flopped at Yahoo and was sacked being replaced by Scott Thompson. Yahoo continues to be troubled since its idiotic refusal of a $40 billion plus offer from Microsoft.
Google got itself some tablets and started to take on greedy Apple in the iPad market selling its Android versions for substantially less.
Along with the rollout of the much anticipated iPhone 5 in September, Apple overhauled iOS, the operating system that runs the phone, its iPad and other mobile devices. A much-hyped feature of the change was Apple’s first effort at its own mapping app – after dumping rival Google’s map software. The result was so bad that a few days later Apple’s CEO was essentially telling customers to use Google Maps.
2012 also the passing of many well known personalities and celebrities. For example,
Neil Armstrong, aged 82 (8/5/1930 to 8/25/2012), astronaut who flew on the Gemini 8 mission (as commander) in 1966 and the Apollo 11 mission (as commander) in 1969, becoming the first of twelve men to walk on the moon.
Sally Ride, aged 61 (5/26/1951 to 7/23/2012), astronaut and the first American woman in space, who flew on Shuttle flights STS-7 (1983) and STS 41-G (1984).
Patrick Moore, aged 89 (3/4/1923 to 12/9/2012), British astronomer, writer, researcher, radio commentator and television presenter. Moore was a former president of the British Astronomical Association, co-founder and former president of the Society for Popular Astronomy (SPA), author of over 70 books on astronomy, and presenter of the world’s longest-running television series with the same original presenter, the BBC’s The Sky at Night. He was also a self-taught xylophone, glockenspiel player and pianist, as well as an accomplished composer. He was a former amateur cricketer, golfer and chess player. In addition to many popular science books, he wrote numerous works of fiction. Moore served in the Royal Air Force during World War II; his fiancée was killed by a bomb during the war and he never married.
Chuck Colson, aged 80 (10/16/1931 to 4/21/2012), White House counsel under Nixon (1969-72), and imprisoned for obstruction of justice in Watergate scandal (1973). While in prison he underwent Christian conversion and founded Prison Fellowship Ministries.
Robert Bork, aged 85 (3/1/1927 to 12/19/2012, U.S. solicitor general under Nixon. As acting Attorney General, he fired Watergate special prosecutor Archibald Cox on Nixon’s orders, after Elliot Richardson and then William Ruckelshaus refused and resigned. He was subsequently Judge for the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia (1982-88) and Nominated to the Supreme Court by Reagan in 1987 and rejected by the Senate.
Daniel Inouye, aged 88 (9/7/1924 to 12/17/2012), U.S. Representative (D-HI, 1959-63), U.S. Senator (D-HI, 1963-2012).
William Rees-Mogg, Baron Rees-Mogg, aged 84 (14 July 1928 – 29 December 2012), British journalist and life peer, Editor of The Times (1967–1981).
George McGovern, aged 90 (7/19/1922 to 10/21/2012), U.S. Rep., D-SD (1957-61); U.S. Senator, D-SD (1963-81); Democratic presidential nominee (1972).
Arlen Specter, aged 82 (2/12/1930 to 10/14/2012), U.S. Senator (R-PA, 1981-2009; D-PA, 2009-11). Specter was a member of the Warren Commission that investigated the assassination of President John F. Kennedy and co-author of the ‘magic bullet’ theory that Kennedy and Gov. John Connally were shot by the same single bullet.
Norman Schwarzkopf, aged 78 (8/22/1934 to 12/27/2012), U.S. Army general. Commanded the U.S. and allied forces in the Persian Gulf War (1991).
Yitzhak Shamir, aged 96 (10/15/1915 to 6/30/2012), Israeli prime minister (Likud party, 1983-84, 1986-92).
In TV & movies
Gerry Anderson, aged 83 (14 April 1929 – 26 December 2012) publisher, producer, director and writer, famous for futuristic television programs, using ‘supermarionation’, working with modified marionettes, such as Thunderbirds, and Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons. He was also responsible for the real-life sci-fi tv series Space 1999.
Ernest Borgnine, aged 95 (1/24/1917 to 7/8/2012), actor, From Here to Eternity (1953), “McHale’s Navy” (Lt. Quinton McHale, 1962-66), The Poseidon Adventure (1972), Code Name: Wild Geese (1984). Won an Academy award for Marty (Best actor, 1956). Husband of singer Ethel Merman for 32 days in 1964.
Phyllis Diller, aged 95 (7/17/1917 to 8/20/2012), comedienne/actress who appeared frequently on talk shows, game shows, and variety shows in the 1960s and 70s.
Charles Durning, aged 89 (2/28/1923 to 12/24/2012), actor, The Sting (1973), The Muppet Movie (1979), The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas (1982), “Evening Shade” (Dr. Harlan Eldridge, 1990-94).
Larry Hagman, aged 81 (9/21/1931 to 11/23/2012), actor, “I Dream of Jeannie” (Maj. Anthony Nelson, 1965-70), “Dallas” (J.R. Ewing, 1978-91) and reprised the role of J.R. Ewing in the 2012 tv series “Dallas”. Son of actress Mary Martin.
Jack Klugman, aged 90 (4/27/1922 to 12/24/2012), actor, 12 Angry Men (1957), “The Odd Couple” (Oscar Madison, 1970-75), “Quincy, M.E.” (Dr. R. Quincy, 1976-83). Husband of actress/game show panelist Brett Somers (1953-74). Won two Emmy Awards for “The Odd Couple” (1971, 1973).
Sylvia Kristel, aged 60 (9/28/1952 to 10/17/2012), actress, the controversial Emmanuelle (1974) and three sequels (1975-84), Private Lessons (1981).
Herbert Lom, aged 95 (1/9/1917 to 9/27/2012), most famous for his portrayal of Chief Inspector Dreyfus in The Return of the Pink Panther (1974) and five more films in the “Pink Panther” series from 1976 to 1993.
William Asher, aged 90 (8/8/1921 to 7/16/2012), was a TV and film director whose work included “I Love Lucy” (1952-57), Beach Party (1963), “Bewitched” (1964-72), “Alice” (1977-79). Husband of actress Elizabeth Montgomery (1963-73).
Turhan Bey, aged 90 (3/30/1922 to 9/30/2012), actor who starred in Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (1944), The Amazing Mr. X (1948).
Peter Breck, aged 82 (3/13/1929 to 2/6/2012), actor, “Maverick” (Doc Holliday, 1960-62), “The Big Valley” (Nick Barkley, 1965-69).
Frank Cady, aged 96 (9/8/1915 to 6/9/2012), actor, “Petticoat Junction” (1963-70), “Green Acres” (Sam Drucker, 1965-71).
Harry Carey, Jr., aged 91 (May 16, 1921 – December 27, 2012), actor, appeared in over 90 movies including Gremplins and Tombstone and several John Ford Westerns such as The Searchers, as well as numerous television series.
Dick Clark, aged 82 (11/30/1929 to 4/18/2012), a TV host on shows “American Bandstand” (1957-87), “The $10,000 Pyramid” (1973-88), “TV’s Bloopers & Practical Jokes” (1984-88), “New Year’s Rockin’ Eve” (1972-2012). He was also the producer of a variety of TV game shows, talk shows, entertainment shows, and movies.
Gary Collins, aged 74 (4/30/1938 to 10/13/2012), actor, Iron Horse (Dave Tarrant, 1966-68), “The Sixth Sense” (Dr. Michael Rhodes, 1972). TV host for “Hour Magazine” (1980-88), Miss America Pageant (1982-90). Husband of Miss America 1959 Mary Ann Mobley (1967-2012).
Don Cornelius, aged 75 (9/27/1936 to 2/1/2012), host (1971-2007) and producer (1971-88) of “Soul Train”. Producer of the “Soul Train Music Awards” (1987-2007).
Richard Dawson, aged 79 (11/20/1932 to 6/2/2012), actor and game show host, starred in “Hogan’s Heroes” (Cpl. Peter Newkirk, 1965-71), “Rowan & Martin’s Laugh-In” (regular performer, 1971-73), “Match Game” (panelist, 1973-79), “Family Feud” (host, 1975-88, 94-95), The Running Man (1987).
Michael Clarke Duncan, aged 54 (12/10/1957 to 9/3/2012), actor, Armageddon (1998), The Green Mile (1999).
Nora Ephron, aged 71 (5/19/1941 to 6/26/2012), filmmaker responsible for Silkwood (writer, 1983), When Hary Met Sally (writer, 1989), Sleepless in Seattle (writer, director, 1993), You’ve Got Mail (writer, director, producer, 1998), Julie & Julia (writer, director, producer, 2009).
Chad Everett, aged 76 (6/11/1936 to 7/24/2012), actor, “Medical Center” (Dr. Joe Gannon, 1969-76), Airplane II: The Sequel (1982).
Jonathan Frid, aged 87 (12/2/1924 to 4/13/2012), actor, “Dark Shadows” (Barnabas Collins, 1967-71).
Don Grady, aged 68 (6/8/1944 to 6/27/2012), cast member, “The Mickey Mouse Club” (1957-58). Actor, “My Three Sons” (Robbie Douglas, 1960-71).
Andy Griffith, aged 86 (6/1/1926 to 7/3/2012), cast member, “The Mickey Mouse Club” (1957-58). Gained prominence in the starring role in A Face in the Crowd (1957) before becoming better known for his television roles, playing the lead characters in the 1960–1968 situation comedy The Andy Griffith Show and in the 1986–1995 legal drama Matlock.
Robert Hegyes, aged 60 (5/7/1951 to 1/26/2012), actor, “Welcome Back, Kotter” (Juan Epstein, 1975-79).
Sherman Hemsley, aged 74 (2/1/1938 to 7/24/2012), actor, “All in the Family” (George Jefferson, 1973-75), “The Jeffersons” (George Jefferson, 1975-85), “Amen” (Deacon Ernest Frye, 1986-91).
Celeste Holm, aged 95 (4/29/1917 to 7/15/2012), actress, All About Eve (1950). Won an Academy award for Gentleman’s Agreement (Best supporting actress, 1948).
George Lindsey, aged 83 (12/17/1928 to 5/6/2012), actor, “The Andy Griffith Show” (Goober Pyle, 1965-68), “Mayberry R.F.D.” (Goober Pyle, 1968-71), “Hee Haw” (Goober, 1972-92).
Ron Palillo, aged 63 (4/2/1949 to 8/14/2012), actor, “Welcome Back, Kotter” (Arnold Horshack, 1975-79).
Victor Spinetti, aged 82 (9/2/1929 to 6/18/2012), actor, The Beatles movies A Hard Day’s Night (1964), Help! (1965), “Magical Mystery Tour” (1967).
Mike Wallace, aged 93 (5/9/1918 to 4/7/2012), TV news correspondent famous for his adversarial style. Programs include “Mike Wallace Interview (1957-60)”, “60 Minutes” (1968-2006).
Richard D. Zanuck, aged 77 (12/13/1934 to 7/13/2012), film producer for movies like Jaws (1975), Neighbors (1981), Cocoon (1985), Driving Miss Daisy (1989), Deep Impact (1998), Planet of the Apes (2001). Son of producer Darryl F. Zanuck.
Robin Gibb, aged 62 (12/22/1949 to 5/20/2012), member of the Bee Gees with older brother Barry and twin brother Maurice (1958-69, 1970-2003). Hits include “How Can You Mend a Broken Heart” (1970), “Jive Talkin'” (1975), “Stayin’ Alive” (1977), and “Too Much Heaven” (1979). Older brother of Andy Gibb.
Marvin Hamlisch, aged 68 (6/2/1944 to 8/6/2012), songwriter. Hits include “Sunshine, Lollipops, and Rainbows” (1965), “The Way We Were” (1973), “The Entertainer” (1974), “What I Did For Love” (1975), and “Nobody Does It Better” (1977).
Whitney Houston, aged 48 (8/9/1963 to 2/11/2012), pop singer. Hits include “Saving All My Love for You” (1985), “I Wanna Dance With Somebody” (1987), and “I Will Always Love You” (1992). Wife of singer Bobby Brown (1992-2007). Cousin of singer Dionne Warwick.
Andy Williams, aged 84 (12/3/1927 to 9/25/2012), TV host, “The Andy Williams Show” (1962-71) and singer, “Butterfly” (1957), “Moon River” (1962), “Love Story (Where Do I Begin)” (1971).
Donna Summer, aged 63 (12/31/1948 to 5/17/2012), pop/disco singer. Hits include “Love to Love You Baby” (1975), “Last Dance” (1978) “Bad Girls” (1979), and “She Works Hard for the Money” (1983).
Ravi Shankar, aged 92 (4/7/1920 to 12/11/2012), sitar player. Mentored rock musician George Harrison (1966), played in the Concert for Bangladesh (1971). Father of jazz musician Norah Jones (1979).
Dave Brubeck, aged 91 (12/6/1920 to 12/5/2012), jazz pianist. Hits include “Take Five” (1959).
Hal David, aged 91 (5/25/1921 to 9/1/2012), lyricist and songwriting partner of Burt Bacharach (1957-1972). Hits include “Walk on By”, “What the World Needs Now Is Love”, “What’s New Pussycat?”, “The Look of Love”, “This Guy’s In Love With You”, “Raindrops Keep Fallin’ On My Head”, “Close to You”, and “One Less Bell to Answer”. Inducted to the Songwriters Hall of Fame.
Levon Helm, aged 71 (5/26/1940 to 4/19/2012), rock vocalist and drummer, member of The Band (1968-1976, 1983-1999). Sang lead on “The Weight” (1968), “Up on Cripple Creek” (1969), and “The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down” (1969).
Etta James, aged 73 (1/25/1938 to 1/20/2012), blues singer. Hits include “The Wallflower” (1955), “At Last” (1961), “I Just Want to Make Love to You” (1996). Won four Grammy awards (1994-2004). Inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame (1993).
Davy Jones, aged 66 (12/30/1945 to 2/29/2012), actor/singer, “The Monkees” (1966-68). Sang lead on “Daydream Believer” (1967).
Tony Martin, aged 98 (12/25/1913 to 7/27/2012), singer. Hits include “There’s No Tomorrow” (1949), “I Get Ideas” (1951), “Walk Hand In Hand” (1956). Actor; Casbah (1948), Here Come the Girls (1953), Hit the Deck (1955). Husband of actress Cyd Charisse (1948-2008).
Earl Scruggs, aged 88 (1/6/1924 to 3/28/2012), bluegrass banjo player, teamed with Lester Flatt (1948-69). Hits include “The Ballad of Jed Clampett” (1963).
Kitty Wells, aged 92 (8/30/1919 to 7/16/2012), country singer. Hits include “It Wasn’t God Who Made Honky Tonk Angels” (1952), “I Can’t Stop Loving You” (1958), “Heartbreak U.S.A.” (1961). Inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame (1974). Received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award (1991). Wife of country singer Johnnie Wright (1937-2011).
Gary Carter, aged 57 (4/5/1954 to 2/16/2012), catcher for Montreal Expos (1974-84, 1992), New York Mets (1985-89), and two other teams (1990-91). 11-time All-Star (1975, 1979-88) and 3-time Gold Glove Award winner (1980-82). Inducted into the Hall of Fame (2003).
Lee MacPhail, aged 95 (10/25/1917 to 11/8/2012), major-league baseball executive, general manager of the Baltimore Orioles and New York Yankees, American League President (1974-83) and President of the Players Relations Committee. Elected to the MLB Hall of Fame (1998). Son of baseball executive Larry MacPhail and father of baseball executive Andy MacPhail (1953).
Marvin Miller, aged 95 (4/14/1917 to 11/27/2012), executive director of the Major League Baseball Players Association (1966-82), negotiated collective bargaining, arbitration, and free agency with the baseball owners.
Art Modell, aged87 (6/23/1925 to 9/6/2012), owner of the NFL Cleveland Browns (1961-95) and Baltimore Ravens (1996-2004). President of the National Football League (1967-69). Was the principal force in having NFL games televised on Monday nights (1970).
Joe Paterno, aged 85 (12/21/1926 to 1/22/2012), college football coach (Penn State 1966-2011). Won 24 bowl games and 3 Big Ten championships. Inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame (2006). Fired for not doing more about allegations of child molestation taking place in his facilities.
Darrell Royal, aged 88 (7/9/1924 to 11/7/2012), college football head coach for Mississippi State University (1954-55), University of Washington (1956), and University of Texas (1957-76). Won three national championships (1963, 1969, 1970). Had 23 consecutive winning seasons.
Alex Karras, aged 77 (7/15/1935 to 10/10/2012), NFL football player; Detroit Lions (tackle, 1958-71). Actor, Blazing Saddles (1974), “Webster” (George Papadapolis, 1983-89).
Junior Seau, aged 43 (1/19/1969 to 5/2/2012), NFL linebacker for San Diego Chargers (1990-2002), Miami Dolphins (2003-05), and New England Patriots (2006-09). Was on the Pro Bowl team 12 consecutive years (1991-2002).
In Publishing & Books
Ray Bradbury, aged 91 (8/22/1920 to 6/5/2012), science fiction writer whose works include The Martian Chronicles (1950), and Farenheit 451 (1953).
Andrew Breitbart, aged 43 (2/1/1969 to 3/1/2012), web publisher, editor for The Drudge Report, and founder of Brietbart.com and BigGovernment.com (2009). Facilitated an undercover video purporting to expose fraud in ACORN (2009).
Helen Gurley Brown, aged 90 (2/18/1922 to 8/13/2012), author of Sex and the Single Girl (1962) and editor of Cosmopolitan (1965-1997).
Jim Unger, aged 75 (1/21/1937 to 5/29/2012), cartoonist of “Herman” (1974-92).
Gore Vidal, aged 86 (10/3/1925 to 7/31/2012), novelist whose works include Myra Breckinridge (1968) and Lincoln (1984).
Maurice Sendak, aged 83 (6/10/1928 to 5/8/2012), children’s writer whose works include Little Bear (1957) and Where the Wild Things Are (1963).
James Q. Wilson, aged 80 (5/27/1931 to 3/2/2012), sociologist/criminologist professor at Harvard (1961-87). Rejected prevailing theories that most/all criminal behavior is the product of societal factors. Wrote Varieties of Police Behavior (1968) and Thinking About Crime (1975).
Zig Ziglar, aged 86 (11/6/1926 to 11/28/2012), motivational speaker and author (See You at the Top, 1975).
Henry Hill, aged 69 (6/11/1943 to 6/12/2012), organized crime figure with the Luchesse crime family of New York, participated in a hesit of Lufthansa Air (1978), became an FBI informant, expelled from the U.S. Witness Protection Program (1982). Subject of the film Goodfellas (1990).
Sun Myung Moon, aged 92 (2/25/1920 to 9/2/2012), founder of the Unification Church (1954), also known as “Moonies”. Convicted of willfully filing false US income tax returns (1982); imprisoned for 13 months (1984-85).
Vidal Sassoon, aged 84 (1/17/1928 to 5/9/2012), hairdresser to the rich and famous.
Rodney King, aged 47 (4/2/1965 to 6/17/2012), victim of a videotaped beating involving seven Los Angeles police officers on 3 March 1991 that made him a symbol of police brutality and led to racially charged riots in Los Angeles. Four officers were tried; three were acquitted and the jury failed to reach a verdict on the fourth. Their acquittals on 29 April 1992 prompted a riot in which 54 people died. Two officers were subsequently found guilty of civil rights violations in federal court, and King was paid $3.8 million by the city of Los Angeles.
Manmade Tragedies
2012 also had its share of manmade tragedies.
In Aurora, Colorado a crazed gunman opened fire on an unsuspecting audience during a midnight screening of the Batman new movie “The Dark Knight Rises”, killing 12 people and wounding 58 others. The killer was former neuroscience graduate student James Holmes.
In Benghazi , Libya Islamic militants stormed the U.S. mission on the anniversary of the September 11, 2001, attacks on New York and Washington, killing U.S. Ambassador Christopher Stevens and three other Americans. The attack was the first to kill a U.S. ambassador in the line of duty since 1979 and sparked severe criticism of the Obama administration. An official inquiry found widespread failures in both security planning and internal management.
In a Wisconsin Sikh temple a gunman killed six people and critically wounded three others, before he was himself shot dead by police.
At the Empire State Building in New York City, an out-of-work fashion designer fatally shot a former co-worker before being killed in a blaze of gunshots by police, stunning tourists and commuters outside of one of New York’s most popular landmarks.
Finally, at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut, Adam Lanza shot dead 20 children and six staff members, before killing himself. He had also killed his mother.
Other notables
Lance Armstrong, the disgraced cycling champion had his seven Tour de France victories scratched from the records and was banned from cycling for life after the International Cycling Union (UCI) ratified the United States Anti-Doping Agency’s (USADA) sanctions against him. A USADA report said Armstrong had been involved in the “most sophisticated, professionalized and successful doping program that sport has ever seen.”
Record-setting skydiver. Austrian daredevil Felix Baumgartner leapt into the stratosphere from a balloon near the edge of space 24 miles above Earth and safely landed, setting a record for the highest skydive and breaking the sound barrier in the process.
CIA Director, David Petraeus, who had formerly played a key role in the Iraq war, and led the U.S. Central Command and commanded U.S. and NATO troops in Afghanistan, stepped down after admitting he had engaged in an extramarital affair.
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Insight by Commvault and Pure Storage
Big data, data analytics call for new backup and recovery strategies
By Tom Temin
For federal agencies, data doesn’t grow on trees. It grows much faster and more abundantly thanks to developments such as the internet of things, artificial intelligence, customer experience deployments and conversion of paper processes to digital.
This non-linear growth has changed the dynamics of the all-important data backup and recovery function. Whether for classic database report writing or data analytics purposes, simply dumping data into a warehouse or “lake” isn’t enough. To maintain availability and full recoverability, agencies need efficient methodologies that incorporate de-duplication, flattening of stacked “tiers” of storage, and small physical infrastructure footprints.
Moreover, data backup and recovery now must take into account the growing phenomenon of hybrid cloud environments in which data might be stored in any of several locations and travel over both private and public networks.
Federal News Radio, Commvault and Pure Storage together with highly knowledgeable federal IT practitioners convened a panel discussion to explore the latest thinking in data backup and recovery.
An up-to-date data strategy will have several elements.
Participants agreed it’s important to understand an organization’s data, and especially ensuring that it protect “canonical” data – the data known to be the authoritative set. In terms of storage, a new architecture is required. It might be called a data hub, a sort of library of authoritative data sets. When using cloud providers, it’s important to avoid dependence on any single provider’s proprietary services, thereby avoiding vendor lock-in.
If architected correctly, the number and volume of calls to and from clouds can help avoid ballooning transactional costs.
There’s much more to those modern data strategies. For more, it’s worth taking time to view the webinar.
The Scope of Data and Strategies for Backup
The role of storage in this [analytic] architecture is data service – actually making the data available to analytic applications today, as well as financial transaction platform, what have you. How can we leverage it in new and innovative ways?
Nick Psaki
Principal Engineer, Americas – Public Sector, Pure Storage
Efficiency and Data Usage
We have financial data as well as all the personal information. Next generation Federal Student Aid…is going to change our business processes. It’s going to modernize our technology stack to modernize everything across the board.
Daniel Commons
Federal Student Aid Chief Information Security Officer & Director, Information Technology Risk Management, Department of Education
Technology Stacks
Federal customers are asking more and more, what can I do with the data I have under protection. How do we reduce that storage footprint? How do we minimize the duplicity of the data? How do I get at the data that is the source of truth?
Tim Stanley
Vice President, Federal Sales, Commvault
Listen to the full show:
Panel of experts
Brandon Pustejovsky
Chief Data Officer, USAID
Brandon Pustejovsky is the Chief Data Officer for the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). He leads the USAID Data Services team within the Office of the Chief Information Officer, providing a broad portfolio of data analytics, visualization, and digital curation services to USAID staff and partners worldwide. Mr. Pustejovsky has been leading international development and humanitarian assistance operations for over 15 years, in cooperation with organizations such as UNHCR, the International Red Cross, the World Food Programme, and multiple non-profits. His experience spans six continents and over 50 countries. Prior to working at USAID, he spent several years establishing humanitarian assistance operations in post-conflict and post-disaster environments. His exposure to these unstructured settings gave him a growing appreciation for the role of evidence and data in providing clarity of purpose and programmatic direction. Mr. Pustejovsky holds a B.A. in Foreign Service and French from Baylor University and an M.A. in International Relations from Yale University.
Dan Commons is the U.S. Department of Education (Department) office of Federal Student Aid (FSA) chief information security officer (CISO) and director of information technology risk management. FSA administers the federal student financial aid programs, which—in fiscal year 2018—provided more than $122 billion in federal grants, loans, and work-study funds to approximately 13 million students at nearly 6,000 participating schools. In total, FSA manages a federal student loan portfolio valued at $1.4 trillion representing more than 43 million customers.
Under Mr. Commons’ leadership, staff implements the FSA portions of the Department’s Federal Information Security Management Act and cybersecurity requirements. Such requirements include developing and maintaining specific information security and privacy services to assure the availability and confidentiality of the FSA portfolio, which contains personally identifiable information. As the FSA CISO, Mr. Commons is responsible for 80 percent of the Department’s High Value Assets hosted in multiple FSA-managed data centers, third-party facilities, and Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program cloud facilities. Mr. Commons has initiated a tiger team to review, rewrite, or eliminate 150 process documents and guides that were out of date, redundant, or not required, while fostering a customer-focused, risk-based organization. The tiger team effort reduced the authority to operate processing time from nine months to three months.
Mr. Commons has served in a number of leadership roles at FSA, including as the acting director for information assurance services, as well as the chief for cybersecurity operations. Prior to that, he served in senior positions at the Defense Information Systems Agency, ARTEL, and as an active duty member of the U.S. Air Force.
With more than 34 years of federal service and 19 years of information assurance experience, Mr. Commons is recognized as a cybersecurity expert providing a broad-based set of skills encompassing the full spectrum of financial, acquisition, program management, and cybersecurity technical skills. He was recently recognized as a 2018 Cybersecurity Leader of the Year by FedScoop and has received major military awards, such as the National Defense Service Medal, the Global War on Terrorism Medal, and the Air Force Commendation Medal.
Mr. Commons earned a bachelor’s degree from Oregon State University and a master’s degree from Northern Montana University.
Tim Stanley, Vice President Commvault Federal Sales, has over 25 years experience working within Department of Defense to provide solutions to government technology challenges. In his current role, he leads the business strategy, development and partner engagement to drive the most customer value and outcomes. He joined Commvault in March 2017 as the Senior Director of Federal Engineering.
Prior to joining Commvault, Tim ran the Global Client Advisor program at Oracle where he defined and delivered on corporate strategy and operations goals. Tim also is an active member in the reserve forces of the United States Air Force where he is the Commander of a Space Command and Control Squadron.
Nick Psaki is the Principal Engineer, Americas - Public Sector for Pure Storage and is based in the Washington, DC area. Nick is Pure Storage's senior technical resource for government customers, providing deep technical knowledge of flash storage system architectures that enable business and technological transformation for government enterprises.
A 20-year veteran of the United States Army, Nick has extensive experience in designing, developing, deploying and operating information systems for data analysis, sensor integration and large-scale server virtualization. He was the Intelligence Architectures Chief for the Army G2 (Intelligence), and the Technology and Integration Director for Army G2 Futures directorate. He has served in multiple peacekeeping and combat operations ranging from the Balkans in the 1990's (Operation Able Sentry VI and Operation Joint Endeavor/Joint Guard) to Iraq and Afghanistan in the post-9/11 era. For the past several years, Nick has been focused on ways in which new and emerging technologies can enable more rapid and cost-efficient analysis of ever-growing bodies of data.
Tom Temin has been the host of the Federal Drive since 2006. Tom has been reporting on and providing insight to technology markets for more than 30 years. Prior to joining Federal News Radio, Tom was a long-serving editor-in-chief of Government Computer News and Washington Technology magazines. Tom also contributes a regular column on government information technology.
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Do Final Four Matchups Help or Hurt the Chances for Football Playoff?
mjg November 25, 2016, 7:20pm #1
One of my Facebook friends made a post suggesting that the Final Four matchups are the best argument he’s seen for a football playoff. I agree that it’s a pretty solid argument for giving all teams a chance. What I fear is that it makes the BCS conferences that much more nervous about sharing the money pie. Anyone else have any thoughts?
The BCS is a cartel that wants to control the flow of money and the opportunity to get it.
The school presidents have a vested interest in appearing to control the appearance of encroachment of the athletic-industrial complex on the university missions.
I don’t think the argument that “it would be better if more people had a chance to demonstrate they are the best” has more than the slightest impact on the conversation.
Especially now that two previous BCS pests (TCU and Utah) are now in BCS conferences.
I don’t think either answer is the perfect solution for identifying the team most deserving of a national championship. I happen to have a huge soft spot for the NCAA tournament, but you definitely get a “better” (more consistent) representation of the two best teams in the country in the BCS championship game than you do in a tournament setting so I think they have a pretty good system for the way their sport is played also.
I’d still like to see all the conference champions go into a small tournament… 8 teams perhaps, the 6 big boys and 2 wildcards for the other conferences to fight over. I think that would be very tidy and generate a lot of interest (and therefore a lot of money).
Skeeza November 25, 2016, 7:20pm #5
mjg:
I don’t think the “arguement” matters. I think there are MASSIVE amounts of arguements for a playoff already, this one won’t add much to the discussion.
As tbj says, it’s about money. Logic, sport, and comptetion all are a very distant second place.
Still_in_State_Colle November 25, 2016, 7:20pm #6
[quote=“Craftsy21, post:4, topic:2264”]I don’t think either answer is the perfect solution for identifying the team most deserving of a national championship. I happen to have a huge soft spot for the NCAA tournament, but you definitely get a “better” (more consistent) representation of the two best teams in the country in the BCS championship game than you do in a tournament setting so I think they have a pretty good system for the way their sport is played also.
I’d still like to see all the conference champions go into a small tournament… 8 teams perhaps, the 6 big boys and 2 wildcards for the other conferences to fight over. I think that would be very tidy and generate a lot of interest (and therefore a lot of money).[/quote]I have always thought hat if you want an NCAA champion yo need to invite all conference champions. That leaves you with 11 autobids and most likely 5 at large selected by a committee using rankings as a guide. Logistically you would do it like IAA (FCS). First three rounds at home of higher ranked team. Championship game at a neutral site.
[quote="Craftsy21, post:4, topic:2264"]I don't think either answer is the perfect solution for identifying the team most deserving of a national championship. I happen to have a huge soft spot for the NCAA tournament, but you definitely get a "better" (more consistent) representation of the two best teams in the country in the BCS championship game than you do in a tournament setting so I think they have a pretty good system for the way their sport is played also.
I would support this except that I think 4 weeks is a bit of a long post-season after a 12-13 game regular season, and you would have to cut down the regular season to strictly conference schedules - no OOC at all.
I still might support such a notion, but then a conference like the big east might only have an 8 game season. So do you just leave all the conferences to their own doing to crown a champion? And with no OOC aren’t you going to have a hard time decided on 5 at-large teams to let in?
I think you are probably better off doing the 6+2, or just have 8 entirely at-large bids up for grabs determined via a BCS like formula or a selection committee. 3 weeks seems about right to me.
PSUClassof2011 November 25, 2016, 7:20pm #8
Didn’t LBJ say that it’s better to have them inside the test pissin’ out rather than outside the tent pissin’ in?
I would love to see College Football have a playoff. Will it happen? Probably not
NICU November 25, 2016, 7:20pm #10
I was listening to Mike and Mike today, and they were both saying the opposite. The premise was the current NCAA format is the most exciting way to determine a champion, but not necessarily the best way to determine the best team from that season. I have always felt the same way, and that’s why I would support making the tourney field smaller rather than larger. What is now a 30-game season in hoops really means nothing if you get in the tournament.
Greenie has always said something that I agree with – The regular season means too little across all sports. For example, Kansas had a fantastic regular season, winning the regular season and post season tournament in the Big 12, and not really ever having a down stretch. VCU hit rocky spots, finished third in their conference (a mid-major), and lost the conference championship game. Why did Kansas not have any advantage based on their success in the regular season? I almost feel like the higher seeds should all get home games until the Final Four. Playing a 16 in the first round is not really enough of a reward.
Jay Bilas said he likes the current format, but he would do things during the regular season to make the games more important (he didn’t say what). I would be interested to hear what.
Why did Kansas not have any advantage based on their success in the regular season? I almost feel like the higher seeds should all get home games until the Final Four. Playing a 16 in the first round is not really enough of a reward.
A 16 has never beaten a 1 seed. It’s essentially a bye. I’d say that’s a pretty fair advantage to get for your excellent regular season performance.
Let’s not allow 1 year of craziness to make us question the entire system - in most years, one of the best teams from the regular season wins the NCAA tournament. The fact is that everybody knew going into this year’s dance that the top just wasn’t as strong as it has been in other years so why is anybody surprised that we saw so many of the top ranked teams go down?
It rarely happens like this, but the great thing is that it CAN happen like this if the chips fall the right way. In almost no other sport would you see a team like Butler or VCU playing for the national title in front of millions of people - hell, in almost no other year would you see it happen in THIS sport. But the fact that they give these teams a chance to do it and now we’re getting to see it possibly happen… that’s what makes the tournament so great in the first place.
The other side of that is - fans don’t really seem to appreciate the regular season no matter how meaningful you make it. College football and baseball probably have the two most important regular seasons of all sports and yet you have more people complaining about their setups than any other sports.
I happen to like the way all sports seasons are setup right now except for NHL and NBA, which I think either need to cut down on playoff teams allowed in or shorten the season by about 20 games. They play from October-ish til April (~6-7 months, same as baseball really with more days off between games), and then go and let over half the league into the playoffs which take yet another 2 months to finish.
At least in baseball the last month of the regular season really means something after playing all those months. The best teams in the NBA and NHL can essentially just rest up the last 2 months of the season to get ready for the playoffs. And if you can’t prove you’re in the top half of the league after 5 months of play, do you really deserve another 2 months to prove it? Or worse yet, if after 7 months of play you’ve proven you are the 16th best team in the league of 30 teams, do you really deserve yet another shot to keep playing in the playoffs? I think you’ve shown what you are by that point.
Just my opinion though.
I am not letting this season play in to anything, and there are plenty of years when teams in the Final Four or championship game don’t belong (usually the cream does rise to the top in those instances and the best team wins). I have always felt the NCAA tournament is very exciting and I love it more than any other sporting event, but it is not the best way to determine the true best team. I think the NBA playoffs are the best at determining the best team, though I agree they could cut the teams that get in down by at least two teams in each league.
Remember when the 76ers were the huge underdog and beat the Lakers in game 1? In the NCAA they would have been crowned champions, in the NBA they went on to lose four straight and prove to be the far inferior team. The first scenario is much more exciting, the second scenario is a better reflection of what team was the best.
[quote=“NICU, post:13, topic:2264”]I am not letting this season play in to anything, and there are plenty of years when teams in the Final Four or championship game don’t belong (usually the cream does rise to the top in those instances and the best team wins). I have always felt the NCAA tournament is very exciting and I love it more than any other sporting event, but it is not the best way to determine the true best team. I think the NBA playoffs are the best at determining the best team, though I agree they could cut the teams that get in down by at least two teams in each league.
Remember when the 76ers were the huge underdog and beat the Lakers in game 1? In the NCAA they would have been crowned champions, in the NBA they went on to lose four straight and prove to be the far inferior team. The first scenario is much more exciting, the second scenario is a better reflection of what team was the best.[/quote]
I’m not implying (or not intentionally anyhow) that the NCAA determines the best team, nor that it’s intended to find the best team. But you have a tournament that includes all the best teams, and a winner who is crowned the NCAA champion… and that’s about as “fair” as it gets in sports.
The best team doesn’t always win, in any sport. What you should provide for a championship is a chance for all deserving teams to have a fair, equal chance at winning it. And that’s exactly what the NCAA tournament provides.
[quote=“NICU, post:10, topic:2264”]I was listening to Mike and Mike today, and they were both saying the opposite. The premise was the current NCAA format is the most exciting way to determine a champion, but not necessarily the best way to determine the best team from that season. I have always felt the same way, and that’s why I would support making the tourney field smaller rather than larger. What is now a 30-game season in hoops really means nothing if you get in the tournament.
Jay Bilas said he likes the current format, but he would do things during the regular season to make the games more important (he didn’t say what). I would be interested to hear what.[/quote]
Fourth not third - George Mason, Old Dominion, and Hofstra all beat them (Hofstra did not get a bid, the other two did).
^Thanks for the correction. Forgot about Hofstra.
[quote="NICU, post:13, topic:2264"]I am not letting this season play in to anything, and there are plenty of years when teams in the Final Four or championship game don't belong (usually the cream does rise to the top in those instances and the best team wins). I have always felt the NCAA tournament is very exciting and I love it more than any other sporting event, but it is not the best way to determine the true best team. I think the NBA playoffs are the best at determining the best team, though I agree they could cut the teams that get in down by at least two teams in each league.
Probably where we differ on the topic. For a preseason tournament when nobody has proven anything, I agree. For a post-season tournament when the teams have played 30+ games, I think it is only fair for the teams who proved to be better to receive more of an advantage.
But how can you prove who is truly better when you have 30+ conferences and 345 teams, most of which have no played one another?
You’re falling into the college football trap where you want to keep the little guys out who never got the same chance the big guys did to prove themselves… mostly thru no fault of their own. The seeding is the biggest advantage a team should get, imo.
mjg November 25, 2016, 7:20pm #19
[quote=“Craftsy21, post:18, topic:2264”]But how can you prove who is truly better when you have 30+ conferences and 345 teams, most of which have no played one another?
You’re falling into the college football trap where you want to keep the little guys out who never got the same chance the big guys did to prove themselves… mostly thru no fault of their own. The seeding is the biggest advantage a team should get, imo.[/quote]
WHEN they expand to 96 teams, the “better” teams will get the advantage of a first round bye. I hope that’s enough of an advantage to keep them happy.
I really hope you’re wrong about them ever expanding it that far, but I’m afraid you’re not.
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Home » Stock market news
Trade Tensions, France and Germany “hand in hand”
The French minister of the Economy Bruno Le Maire (R) and his German counterpart, Peter Altmaier (G), in Paris, 11 July 2018 (Photo ERIC PIERMONT. AFP)
The French minister of Economy and Finance Bruno Le Maire and his German counterpart, Peter Altmaier, said on Wednesday evening wanting to advance “hand in hand” in the midst of rising tensions in global trade.
“Germany and France have always advanced hand in hand, on the issue of world trade, I can guarantee you that they will continue to move forward hand in hand in the weeks and months to come,” said The Mayor at a press briefing organised at his ministry after an interview with Mr. Altmaier.
“We are concerned that the american decisions on trade. We consider that the increase in the tariffs decided by the american administration is both unjustified and unjustifiable”, had declared in the preamble to The Mayor, believing that “the european Union has had the right response: a strong response, a measured response and a response together”.
“Whatever the decisions to be taken by the american president in the months to come, we believe, with Peter Altmaier, the european response must remain a response to a united and firm response. Nobody will divide France and Germany and no one will divide european nations”, he continued.
If it has recognized “a number of difficulties to resolve on the issue of trade”, such as “the issue of overcapacity of steel and aluminum”, The Mayor says he is ready, with his German counterpart, to work on it with their “american friends”, but “not of the gun to the temple”.
To illustrate concretely the franco-German cooperation in the economic field, Bruno Le Maire, and M. Altmaier, have supervised the signing of an agreement between the public investment Bank (BPI) and its German equivalent, the KFW, which “will allow the realization of co-investments in funds franco-German venture capital both sides of the Rhine.
“It means the mobilization of up to a billion euros of public and private investments that will provide the means to the best national players of the venture capital to become european for the benefit of the start-up in growth in all sectors, the digital, biotechnologies, eco-technologies”, has listed Mr. Mayor.
The european fund for innovation –
“We’re worried, of course, because this vicious circle of actions and reactions in relation to China and the United States clearly show us the danger and risks that arise in relation to world growth”, said Mr. Altmaier.
“Our goal is to avoid, if possible, a trade war, because at the end of such a war, there will be no winners, there are only victims on both sides of the Atlantic and at the global level”, concluded the German minister of Economy and Energy.
The Mayor reiterated the willingness of France to create a fund for industrial innovation of the ten billion euros that will be funded by asset disposals in Aéroports de Paris (ADP), the French Games and the electrician Engie (PA:ENGIE).
“We want this fund to be the precondition for a european fund of the innovation and without a doubt, it will begin with Germany, to finance projects that are very concrete in the areas of new technologies,” said The Mayor, supporting the proposal made by his counterpart, “an Airbus (PA:AIR) of the artificial intelligence”.
“We were given with Peter until the end of the year to finalize the joint project outline and begin to set a schedule,” concluded The Mayor.
The ECB warns of a risk of contagion to Italy
© Reuters. THE ECB WARNS Of A RISK OF CONTAGION TO ITALY FRANKFURT (Reuters)
Brexit: Trump soaping the board of Theresa May
The First british minister Theresa May (l) and u.s. president Donald Trump (d September
SoLocal: leaps after its semi-annual
© Reuters. SoLocal: leaps after its semi-annual SoLocal Group (PA:LOCAL) jumped 3.8%, in the
Nafta: Mexico and Canada are promoting a trilateral agreement with the United States
The foreign Trade minister of canada asked by chrystia Freeland and his mexican counterpart,
Trade: the USA and the Eu on the path of appeasement
© Reuters. Trade: the USA and the Eu on the path of appeasement WASHINGTON
Wall Street in a scattered fashion, weighted by Boeing, GM and Fiat Chrysler
Wall Street operates in a scattered fashion (Photo Bryan R. Smith. AFP) Wall Street
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Tag Archives: Eisha Marjara
Interview with Montreal filmmaker Eisha Marjara
Posted on December 20, 2012 by kynamorgan
Can you describe your career up to this point and talk about why you became a filmmaker?
I would consider myself a mid-career filmmaker at this point in time. I started out as photographer but found the photograph limiting because it did not provide multiple perspectives, temporal and spatial context. This was a problem because it did not represent how I viewed the world and the multi-dimensional reality of human experience. While I was studying photography, I tended towards producing photomontages, photo essays and super-impositions to avoid the single perceptive frame. My thesis project became my very first video/film called 24 Hrs which addressed everyday violence against women. My father had bought me a video camera for my birthday and I went out and shot and edited an 18 minute video, without any clue of what I was doing and taught myself in the process. It was during the making of that video when the polytechnic massacre happened at Université de Montréal where 14 women were shot and killed by Marc Lépine. The video premiered at The Montreal International Film Festival of that year and launched me into filmmaking.
Clip from The Incredible Shrinking Woman:
In 1994, I made the short film The Incredible Shrinking Woman which was a satirical commentary on anorexia in a sexist culture that humorously appropriated pop cultural and cinematic tropes. Later, I was selected in a nationwide search for innovative documentary filmmakers in a program called “Fast Forward” by the National Film Board of Canada (NFB) that gave me the opportunity to write and direct my first professional film which became the feature docu-drama Desperately Seeking Helen. The film juxtaposed my (fictionalized) search for the Bollywood movie star and vamp “Helen” with the real life experiences of my mother, an immigrant and housewife who struggled to find a home in her adopted country, and her tragic death in the 1985 bombing of Air India flight 182, which also took the life of my little sister. It was a deeply personal film that addressed universal themes and took risks in style and subject. It was a hybrid of forms, genres and mediums, blurred fiction with documentary in unconventional ways – something that had never been done before. It was truly post-modern in that sense and could not be put into a box, which I feared might also be its downfall and become a promotional nightmare. I was also nervous about how it would be received and terrified that my life so exposed would be open for ridicule. Thankfully, it was a critical success; it received several awards and had a theatrical run in several cities. After five years in the making however, and no longer at the NFB, I found myself quite lost and alone. It was as though I had come out of a rabbit hole after that difficult process and emerged into a foreign world. I had a hard time finding my place in the industry that had been changing very rapidly in early 2000. Technologies were changing, film was unaffordable, video had limitations and funding bodies were restructuring and downsizing and becoming more heavily burdened. Despite the success of my feature docu-drama, I was not finding much success in my filmmaking career with the subsequent films I was looking to get produced.
Poster for “House for Sale”
Still from “House for Sale.” Photo credit: Bobby Shore
I felt I had not established an identity as a filmmaker, even after all these years. Was I a documentary filmmaker? Sort of, but not really. Fiction? More likely but I had no actual experience in traditional dramatic filmmaking. I found myself starting over and searching for a “home” within the industry, while producing screenplay after screenplay. Naturally, I thought training in fiction film directing was in order. I turned to the Canadian Film Centre in Toronto (the CFC) and applied to the Director’s Lab, but because of my lack of fictional filmmaking experience, I was refused and told to “go home and make a short fiction film” and apply again once that was done. Frustrating, to say the least. So “naturally,” I fled to Germany! There, from the success of my NFB film, I met a producer and found a supportive community of media professionals that were excited about helping me produce a short film that I shot in Munich. I invested $2,500 of my own money and with volunteer help and post production grants from Montreal, I made a film aptly called The Tourist which is about a wandering loner and misfit who finds himself in Bavaria during the Oktoberfest and entangled in a couple’s troubled relationship. I have since been developing several feature film scripts, and establishing myself as a feature film writer and director.
Clip from Desperately Seeking Helen:
Clip from The Tourist:
How do you see yourself fitting in, or not, to the Canadian film industry or even the Montreal filmmaking community?
I don’t fit in. I have given up trying to fit in and resolved by just producing work that I feel connected to and am passionate about. The most relevant creative work that I will do are films that delve deepest into subjects that most profoundly move me. Those stories emerge from the subjective and idiosyncratic nature and course of my life journey that is unique to me. Not fitting in might be the best thing that could happen to my creative life. Yet when it comes to realizing this “creative life,” I have to believe that my difference is a strength, not a hindrance and convince others of that too, and that my stories have relevance and a place within the cinematic landscape. As women, I think we do set the bar really high and demand 200% from ourselves before believing in ourselves and stepping out taking up our space. From the films that I have been making, I am slowly finding a place within the film community in Montreal which is kind to noncommercial filmmakers because it supports and encourages marginal voices and more creative approaches to film. However, as I develop and grow in my craft, I am increasingly clear that I am a filmmaker without borders. In other words, I am not identified with any nation or culture, but perceive myself as someone who is transnational and sees through the limits of cultural, racial, religious, gender based identities and views a world in which differences give way to universal human experiences.
Does Quebecois film, which is supported so much more than English-language film in the rest of Canada, play a role or have a major influence in your own work?
Quebecois cinema has been influential in my work and has presented an alternative to American mainstream and Indie cinema. Naturally I am proud of cinema that has come out of Quebec that has been quite stellar, however I do find that it’s an industry that has not been easy to penetrate, for someone like me who is not white, male and Francophone. Apart from documentary films, I have not seen much of myself or my experience reflected in most if not all Quebec movies, commercial or otherwise with the exception of films like Incendies and Monsieur Lazhar, which were however both written, directed and produced by white Francophone males who are also my peers. I do think there is a desire for diversity and a multi-cultural and global perspective, yet resources and funds are limited, and they tend to fall into the same hands. I am bent on changing that.
Still from “The Tourist.” Photo credit: Eisha Marjara
How do you go about navigating your identities (as you put it to me) as a Canadian South Asian Quebecois feminist woman? Do you consciously inject your identity into your work, or do you avoid such a personal point of view?
It’s incumbent upon me to avoid consciously injecting my identity into my work, and to consciously seek ways to make implicit my subjectivity in the stories that I tell. Research and development prior to that phase lays the groundwork, shapes my opinions, prejudices, politics and allegiances. I rely on that process to inform the story that my creative brain will end up generating. Viewers and critics are quick to put a film into a box and if it screams “feminist” or “a film about racism” or “a movie about women’s issues,” it will immediately get marginalized and set apart from “regular” boys’ films and not taken as seriously, and more likely receive less exposure, which happens with women’s work in a sexist culture. Such labeling also discourages men and a white mainstream audience, those who would most benefit from the film, access to the films. I am eager for the day when such descriptives as “female” or “black,” “gay” or whatever else will no longer apply to filmmakers.
Have you found or worked with many women within the film industry in Canada? Do you belong to any women’s film or media organizations?
One of my very first jobs was at the notorious Studio D of the National Film Board of Canada, which was a feminist run studio that was mandated to produce documentary films for and by and about women. There I met Kathleen Shannon who spearheaded the Studio, Cynthia Scott and Ginny Stikeman who was the executive producer that the time, director Ann Claire Poirier who was in the French sector and Susan Trow one of the few successful women cinematographers who really inspired me to direct. The Studio produced films like If You Love This Planet, Forbidden Love: The Unashamed Stories of Lesbian Lives, Academy Award-winning I’ll Find a Way and Flamenco at 5:15,among others. Sadly I watched the studio shut down in 1996. Since then, I have worked on only a few indie films (documentary) by women as cinematographer, but I am seeing increasingly more women appear in the industry working as cinematographers, producers and directors.
There are a few women’s media organizations, like Réalisatrices Équitables, a Montreal based women directors’ group of which I am member, and Femmes du Cinéma, de la Television et des Nouveaux Médias (FCTNM).
Poster for “Desperately Seeking Helen”
What has your experience been with funding your projects? Have you ever depended on any of the numerous and established funding schemes available in Canada?
All of my projects except for my docu-drama that was exclusively funded by the NFB, have been funded by artist grants, such as The Canada Council for the Arts and Conseil des Arts et des Lettres du Quebec. There are also grants offered by film coops and the NFB which has resources to assist independent filmmakers. Filmmakers and producers who have a company, have more options available to them for financing. They can approach several other financing institutions like SODEC and Telefilm among others. In most cases, there are up to two deadlines a year, and it takes three to four months to receive the results from the application. If the submission is unsuccessful, the applicant can apply again, which also means that it can take years before a film, even a short film or documentary can receive funding. A new jury or assessment committee is selected for each application period. I have tried my hand at crowd funding, but I need more skill to be truly successful at it.
What is your latest project, and what are you working on next?
My latest project is the short suburban drama House for Sale that is having a successful festival run now. Since its release last February, it has picked up six awards. It is from the momentum and success of this film that I would like to get produced a feature film called Venus which, like the short, centers on a transgender protagonist and grapples with themes of identity, belonging and love. I am also developing the drama Calorie which is about an Indo-Canadian mother who travels to India with her troubled teen daughters, only regretting the trip which turns to tragedy.
Trailer for House for Sale:
Learn more about Eisha Marjara at:
Website: eishamarjara.com
House for Sale: houseforsalefilm.com
House for Sale Trailer: vimeo.com/30089402
Wiki page: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisha_Marjara
ImDb: imdb.com/name/nm0548205
Facebook HFS page: facebook.com/House4SaleFilm
Photo credit: Mélanie Robert
Montreal filmmaker Eisha Marjara first drew attention with the witty and incisive The Incredible Shrinking Woman followed by feature docu-drama Desperately Seeking Helen, an NFB production which received the Jury Prize at the München Dokumentarfilm Festival and the Critics’ Choice Award at the Locarno Film Festival in 2000. The Tourist (2006) was nominated for best short at the Female Eye Film Festival in Toronto.
She’s currently developing several features including Venus as well as the controversial docu-drama Lolita Diaries which explores girlhood and sexuality through the lens of Nabokov’s Lolita. Her latest film, House for Sale (2012), has received several awards. (Contact Eisha.)
Posted in Canadian film, female protagonist, film, women film directors, women filmmakers | Tagged Canadian short films, Canadian women filmmakers, Desperately Seeking Helen, Docudramas, Eisha Marjara, House for Sale film, Montreal filmmakers, Quebecois film, The Incredible Shrinking Woman | 1 Reply
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Swiss Re opens US Branch
Companies writing insurance business in the US had to be prepared to cope with the high number of earthquakes and storms, the high risk concentration in big cities, the predominance of wood buildings, the unconventional practice of law, and wide fluctuations in the insurance cycle. Disastrous fires in major cities such as Chicago (1871) and Boston (1872) had generated enormous claims and ruined many companies. The economic historian Clive Trebilcock succinctly summed up the dilemma from the British perspective: "It was a market which British underwriters could not afford to stay out of – and one where they could sometimes scarcely afford to stay in."
After the San Francisco earthquake many companies adopted a cautious strategy. Even the London company Phoenix, one of the most renowned international insurance companies, reduced its US business. The fact that both Phoenix and Swiss Re withdrew at the same time and independently of each other was the basis for the two companies to found a joint branch in New York a few years after the earthquake. Those in charge in London and Zurich soon realised that if they wanted to compete at the top level, it was impossible to give up business across the Atlantic.
On 20 October 1910, "Swiss Reinsurance Company of Zurich United States Branch" started operations, obtaining licensing in all US states that were formerly closed to it. By 1913 it had concluded four major reinsurance treaties with European primary insurers, including two particularly large treaties with Phoenix and Preussische National. Soon, Swiss Re attempted to gain a foothold in other lines in the North American market.
In March 1911, Managing Director Charles Simon presented to the Board of Directors a joint project which envisaged Swiss Re's participation in the establishment of the European Accident Insurance Company, based in London, together with other Swiss, German, English and French companies. The new company was intended to operate in the US and Canadian casualty, liability and ancillary industry markets. The Board favoured the project from the beginning. European was licensed in New York by the December of that year.
Early US business | 1872
Classic reinsurance ads | 1935
Going abroad | 1782
Swiss Re and the San Francisco earthquake | 1906
Armonk | 1999
GE Insurance Solutions | 2005
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California State Parks has something for everybody - year-round. Whether it's hiking, biking, strolling on a beach or cross-country skiing, state parks has it all. You can walk through the redwoods, sail on a lake, view wildlife, explore the desert, see history first-hand in historic sites, and just relax with family and friends. Here's a section of travel features about all kinds of things to do in state parks to make your visits even more enjoyable.
From the Northwest Florida’s Emerald Coast to the coral-reefed Keys, the state is filled with an array of activities for all ages and tastes. On a Florida vacation, families can plan several days of theme park fun in the Orlando area, or they can ride horses at a secluded ranch in central Florida, ride bikes along nature trails in north Florida, learn about astronauts and rocket science at the Space Coast or take one of the garden tours in Miami and Fort Lauderdale.
Beyond offering a glimpse into ancient history, Jordan is also making a name for itself as a luxury destination. Hilton opened the Dead Sea Resort & Spa in March 2017, making it the first Hilton in the country. Located at the lowest point on earth, some 1,345 feet below sea level, the resort offers beach access, Middle Eastern cuisine, and treatments containing the mineral-rich black mud. —Jess McHugh
It’s one of the world’s great wine capitals, and like any great vintage, Mendoza is only getting better with age. Start your tasting tour in the Uco Valley, where Casa de Uco’s vineyard-view eco-villas will debut this year. Head down the road to to Vines of Mendoza’s Winemakers’ Village for small-production wines from the likes of Corazón del Sol and SuperUco, and to dine at winery Bodega Monteviejo, where renowned Spanish chef Nadia Harón cooks up Mediterranean-tinged fare inspired by the wines. In Maipú, wineries like Club Tapiz and Trapiche are giving visitors a true taste of the local terroir, using produce grown on the vineyard grounds in their restaurants. Back in town, plot your return trip over a pie at Francis Mallman’s year-old pizzeria, Orégano. With new direct flights from Lima, Panama City, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo, and low-cost carrier Norwegian Air plotting dozens of new routes, tacking a Mendoza stop on to your next South American itinerary will be a breeze. —Sorrel Moseley-Williams
Flight Edmonton - Vancouver (YEG - YVR) C$ 99+ Flight Calgary - Vancouver (YYC - YVR) C$ 119+ Flight Kelowna - Vancouver (YLW - YVR) C$ 261+ Flight Winnipeg - Vancouver (YWG - YVR) C$ 266+ Flight Cranbrook - Vancouver (YXC - YVR) C$ 267+ Flight London - Vancouver (YXU - YVR) C$ 277+ Flight Toronto - Vancouver (YHM - YVR) C$ 298+ Flight Prince George - Vancouver (YXS - YVR) C$ 334+ Flight Toronto - Vancouver (YYZ - YVR) C$ 342+ Flight Fort St. John - Vancouver (YXJ - YVR) C$ 350+ Flight Saskatoon - Vancouver (YXE - YVR) C$ 372+
The Big Easy turns the Big 3-0-0 this year, and in this city where the good times roll, the parties will be epic — think citywide art shows, supersized Mardi Gras parades, and a festival of lights using landmark buildings as backdrops. Thirteen years after Hurricane Katrina, there is much to celebrate: The Central Business District, once a dead zone after dark, now crackles at all hours thanks to four new hotels (the Ace, Troubadour, Catahoula, and NOPSI), each with its own rooftop bar. The neighborhood is also home to new restaurants like Maypop — a Vietnamese-Creole joint from acclaimed chef Michael Gulotta. Another area coming to life is the three-mile riverfront, where a renovated Spanish Plaza will reopen this spring. More riverfront updates, including a new Four Seasons Hotel, will roll out in the next few years. Toast the tricentennial at the Sazerac House, a French Quarter museum dedicated to the official cocktail of New Orleans, opening later this year. —Allison Entrekin
U.S. travelers have historically overlooked Mauritius in favor of other Indian Ocean destinations like the Seychelles and Maldives. That could all change, though, now that this remote, idyllic island some 1,200 miles off the African coast has become easier to reach. A flurry of new airline services launched at the end of 2017: KLM began servicing Mauritius from Amsterdam, and British carrier Thomas Cook Airlines introduced biweekly flights in November. Upon arrival, travelers can take in dreamy lagoon views from the newly reopened One&Only Le Saint Géran, fresh off a multimillion-dollar renovation. Every room and suite now has a private terrace or balcony, marble baths with cascade showers, and sophisticated teak, stone, and leather accents. Guests can also look forward to updated dining experiences — like lunch spot La Pointe, which grills fresh-caught seafood over firewood and coconut embers, or open-air restaurant La Terrasse, which offers Mauritian specialties. Unchanged at Le Saint Géran is its aura of exclusivity, thanks to the resort’s unique position on a private peninsula jutting out from the island’s eastern shore. —Melanie Lieberman
As Bali goes increasingly upmarket, it now offers visitors access to a buzzing food scene in Ubud, its cultural capital, as well as an island-wide luxury-hotel boom. The Ubud Food Festival, which is in its fourth year, showcases the diverse flavors of the Indonesian archipelago in dozens of events, including cook-offs, demos, talks, food tours, and events in new restaurants. Notable newcomers on the town’s food scene include Spice, a casual Asian-fusion restaurant from Chris Salans, formerly Bouley Bakery’s chef de cuisine and head chef at Thomas Keller’s Bouchon; Room4Dessert from Will Goldfarb, whose now-closed avant-garde New York eatery of the same name won him a James Beard nomination; and Moksa, a vegan café, bakery, and organic farm with its own grocery. Heading up the wave of new high-end hotels is luxury Japanese chain Hoshino Resorts, which unveiled Hoshinoya Bali, 30 thatched-roof villas in the rain forest outside Ubud. Capella Ubud will launch 22 ultra-luxury tents, each with an outdoor saltwater Jacuzzi pool, in early 2018. And Jumeirah Bali plans to debut 123 villas surrounded by tropical gardens in upscale Jimbaran in mid 2018. A two-year overhaul at Four Seasons Jimbaran Bay means its villas will now have bigger bedrooms and better ocean views, while at Four Seasons Sayan in the Ubud rain forest, guests are being offered a new activity: being rocked to sleep in a silk hammock in a bamboo hut by an former Buddhist nun, the resort’s wellness mentor. —Sharon McDonnell
Those with a predilection for high-thread-count sheets will soon be able to luxuriate at the Grand Bohemian Hotel, a ritzy boutique property with Carolina charm. In the meantime, discerning visitors can bunk at the swank Westin Poinsett, a historic hotel that was rescued from the wrecking ball in the late '90s, laying the groundwork for Greenville’s great Southern revival. —Rachel Tepper Paley
This year is San Antonio’s 300th anniversary, and the city is marking the occasion with events, activities, and new infrastructure. Ahead of the festivities, there’s been a flurry of development: In the past few months, the botanical gardens completed an expansion; the city’s first food hall, the Bottling Department, debuted at the Pearl; and San Antonio’s iconic passenger barges got an upgrade, with colorful electric models replacing the old gas-fueled boats. In January, the city will unveil Confluence Park, an expanse of trails and science-focused education facilities near the convergence of San Pedro Creek and the San Antonio River. A commemorative week is planned for early May, with celebrations at each of San Antonio’s five missions and the dedication of San Pedro Creek Culture Park, a once-unremarkable drainage ditch that’s been transformed into a waterfront promenade with public art and performance spaces. Ruby City, a new David Adjaye–designed art center that will house more than 800 pieces from the Linda Pace Foundation Collection, is expected to be completed at the end of 2018. And boutique stays still in the works — including a Thompson Hotel and the third location of the Saint Hotel — hint that San Antonio’s heyday is just beginning. —Devorah Lev-Tov
Just an hour and a half north of Melbourne, Nagambie Lakes is one of Australia’s oldest viticulture areas, with some vines dating back to the mid 19th century. This part of Victoria has long been considered a great day-trip destination for its outdoor activities — waterskiing, rowing, and sailing — and renowned wineries. Now there’s reason to linger, thanks to the November debut of the Mitchelton Hotel, a 58-room resort and spa at Mitchelton Winery. With its fine-dining restaurant, the Ministry of Chocolate, and 5½ miles of trails circumnavigating the vineyard, it’s the perfect base for a weekend in the region. Start your trip with a tasting on-site — Mitchelton is known for its Riesling — before venturing to other nearby wineries like Tahbilk, which has been producing quality vintages since 1861, and Goulburn Terrace, which specializes in natural wines. Other popular local vintners include McPherson Wines, David Traeger Wines, and Box Grove Vineyard. —John Scarpinato
In addition to more than 100,000 artifacts, including pieces currently stored in the vaults of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, the new museum will sport a Modernist design courtesy of Heneghan Peng Architects. Chosen from more than 1,550 design proposals from architects in 82 countries, the final building will echo both the geography of the plateau on which it rests as well as the Pyramids themselves. When the museum partially opens in 2018, visitors in the immense atrium can soak in the majestic sight of both the Pyramid of Menkaure and the Great Pyramid of Khufu from a floor-to-ceiling glass wall. —Diana Hubbell
Of all the islands that make up Italy’s Aeolian archipelago, Salina is arguably the most alluring: it is not yet a celebrity haven like its neighbor Stromboli, where Giorgio Armani, Domenico Dolce, and Stefano Gabbana have homes; and it’s not yet overrun with the luxury yachts of affluent soccer players like nearby Panarea. That the isle has stayed blissfully unspoiled for this long eludes those who know of its imposing natural beauty — steep mountains blanketed in blossoming trees and wildflowers, small villages speckled with olive and lemon groves, fig trees, and miles of terraced Malvasia vineyards. The Relais & Châteaux property Capofaro Malvasia & Resort is one of Salina’s finest places to check in to, thanks to its secluded location, private beach, Tasca d’Almerita wines, and restaurant spotlighting local flavors (think wild fennel, orange, and caper leaves). Once you’ve settled in, skip on over to the town of Lingua to watch the sun set on the Marina Garibaldi, and order the best almond granita of your life at the Da Alfredo waterfront café. —Rocky Casale
In September 2009, JetBlue made changes to its TrueBlue program.[132] In the new program, members receive three points for every dollar spent toward a flight, excluding taxes and fees, plus an additional three points for every dollar spent on a flight if booked online directly on the JetBlue.com website. Additional points are awarded if the member uses the Barclay's issued JetBlue Mastercard credit card to purchase the flight. The price of flights in points depend on the fare of the flight in U.S. dollars. The new program launched on November 9, 2009.[133][134]
Our travel experts — from travel writers around the globe to T+L's A-List travel advisors to our own editors — offer their recommendations. Then, we take a look at what places are now at the forefront of the global conversation, whether for new hotels and museums or major international events. In any given year, the cities and countries we recommend as the best places to travel in the world have a lot going on. And of course, we think about those travel destinations that are perennial favorites to determine which ones are reinventing themselves, ensuring there’s always something new to explore.
Although the former Soviet republic might seem remote, Uzbekistan once sat at the very center of the world. In the first millennium, no traveler could pass from Asia to Europe without stopping in the Silk Road strongholds of Bukhara and Samarkand, and as a result these cities evolved into rich cultural centers. For intrepid travelers, today’s Uzbekistan is a promised land: a Muslim-majority nation that’s both safe and affordable, with few tourists and an abundance of well-preserved mosques and harems. And since the death of authoritarian president Islam Karimov last year, the new regime has taken steps toward reform that have given both Uzbeks and the international community reason for optimism. Improving relations with Iran could soon bring a rail link to the Persian Gulf, and in 2016, the Afrosiyob high-speed-train line began connecting the country’s major cities. Meanwhile, Uzbekistan should benefit from the so-called Iron Silk Road, or Trans-Asian Railway — a Chinese-funded network of routes knitting together Beijing and Europe — once a segment connecting the country through Kyrgyzstan is completed. Book a customized journey with Exeter International, which specializes in the region. —Heidi Mitchell
For proof of Abu Dhabi’s burgeoning status as the cultural capital of the Middle East, look no further than Saadiyat Cultural District, which is quickly becoming a treasure trove of world-class art and groundbreaking architecture. The multibillion-dollar initiative has already resulted in one major project, the Jean Nouvel-designed Louvre Abu Dhabi, which opened in November. Though its construction was controversial, the museum has quickly become the premier creative beacon in the Emirates. Work is under way nearby on the Zayed National Museum, by Norman Foster; the Abu Dhabi Performing Arts Centre, by Zaha Hadid Architects; and the Frank Gehry-designed Guggenheim Abu Dhabi, which when completed will be the largest Guggenheim museum in the world. The city’s hotel-building campaign is also in full swing: this year Marriott debuted a 400-room hotel in the Al Forsan sports center, and next year will see the opening of the Abu Dhabi Edition and Saadiyat Rotana Resort & Villas. —Dylan Essertier
A picture-perfect trio of islands lapped by turquoise waters, the Maltese archipelago has all the charm of nearby Sicily with far fewer tourists. Valletta, the tiny nation’s capital and a UNESCO World Heritage site, feels like something plucked straight from Westeros. The historic walled city dates back to 1565, and has a vibe that’s Mediterranean with a North African twist. This underrated destination is finally stepping into the global limelight as a 2018 European Capital of Culture. To celebrate the occasion, the city has planned more than 140 projects and 400 events throughout the year. The festivities begin on January 20, with contemporary dance, a choral symphony, and acrobatic performances across the city’s four main squares. Should you miss the grand opening, swing by in February for Carnival, or in June for the Malta International Arts Festival and the Valletta Film Festival. —Diana Hubbell
The project culminates in September with a week of public arts programming developed by Cecilia Alemani, chief curator of the High Line in New York. Then, in October, 4,000 teen athletes from more than 200 countries will flock to the city for the Youth Olympic Games. The southern Villa Soldati neighborhood has seen significant development in anticipation of the events, with new housing, parks, and sports venues that will breathe life into the area well after the Olympians return home. Should you miss out on the world-class athletes, drown your sorrows in a world-class meal. Tegui, an eight-year-old restaurant in trendy Palermo, was recently named one of the World’s 50 Best Restaurants — the first time an Argentinean spot has made the list in 15 years. —Sorrel Moseley-Williams
In 2008, jetBlue partnered with Irish flagship carrier Aer Lingus to allow passengers to switch between airlines on a single ticket for flights with connections in New York–JFK or Boston Logan. Unlike traditional codeshare agreements, the companies cannot sell seats on each other's flights, so customers initiate the purchase on one airline's website and then are transferred to the other site to complete the transaction.[105][106]
Since the government’s 2016 peace deal with the FARC paramilitary group, memories of Colombia’s civil war have begun fading. As a result, new parts of the country are becoming accessible — among them the Pacific coast, which contains a once-dangerous strip of virgin beach and rain forest known as El Chocó. Regular commercial flights now connect travelers from Bogotá and Medellín to the fishing villages of Nuquí and Bahía Solano. From there, small boats run along the shore to chic eco-lodges like Punta Brava, which sits above two private beaches, and El Cantil Ecolodge, which is near surf breaks and a thermal spring. —Nicholas Gill
The city has cemented its reputation as a must-visit destination with its most recent honor: it’s been named 2018 World Design Capital, the first ever in the Americas. It’s no wonder: despite challenges like the recent earthquake, young Mexican creatives are no longer searching for opportunities abroad but staying to build something meaningful at home. Their success is evident in arts initiatives like Zonamaco and the Material Art Fair in February, Design Week Mexico in October, and the Condo Fair, which will debut in Mexico’s capital in April. Aesthetes have plenty of design-forward places to stay and eat, too. Bed down at Downtown Mexico, the newest hotel by Grupo Habita, which plans to open another property, Catedral M X, nearby in 2018. Or book a room at the Four Seasons Hotel Mexico City, which unveiled an ambitious redesign by Gilles & Boissier in 2016. Dine at Enrique Olvera’s world-famous Pujol, which relocated last year to a mid-century house and has a fresh, pared-down look. The new space is outfitted in natural materials — a fitting design for a restaurant that celebrates wood-fired cooking. —Laura Itzkowitz
While São Paulo’s concrete sprawl doesn’t offer the verdant beauty or mythic beaches of Rio de Janeiro, its thriving art and food scene has in recent years transformed what was once just Brazil’s financial capital into its cultural epicenter. Stroll the city’s gritty alleyways and avenues to see where celebrated street artists Os Gemeos and Eduardo Kobra got their start. São Paulo’s Art Biennial, which is second to Venice’s in longevity, kicks off in September 2018 and showcases contemporary talent, both international and homegrown. For a truly immersive experience into Brazilian fare, don’t miss Alex Atala’s D.O.M., named one of the best restaurants in the world. Atala champions native ingredients — from priprioca root to ants, often foraged from the Amazon region by the chef himself — and weaves them into his inventive dishes. The arrival of luxe hotel brands is another signal of the city’s burgeoning cosmopolitan status. The prestigious Oetker Collection, with only nine other properties (in glitzy places like Seychelles and the Côte d’Azur), recently opened Palácio Tangará, a gorgeously appointed mansion set in leafy Burle Marx Park, a welcome oasis from the city’s high-rises. The Four Seasons will also debut a new property in mid 2018, marking the brand’s first foray in the country. —Karen I. Chen
jetBlue expanded service to the Caribbean, including to St. Maarten and Puerto Plata commencing January 10, 2008. With these additional destinations, jetBlue serves a total of twelve Caribbean/Atlantic destinations including Aruba; Barbados; Bermuda; Cancún; Nassau; Aguadilla; Ponce; San Juan, Puerto Rico; Santiago; and Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.[citation needed]
Once a sleepy second fiddle to Southern culinary powerhouses like Charleston and Nashville, Greenville is stepping into the limelight with hot new restaurants. The town will soon be home to an outpost of Sean Brock's heirloom-crop-focused Husk and a food-centric market hall called the Commons. Other recent additions include modern Italian spot Jianna from Michael Kramer (the opening executive chef of McCrady's in Charleston, pre-Brock) and the moody speakeasy lounge Vault & Vator. It's an impressive collection of quality restaurants for a city of just over 67,000.
In the March edition of Airways Magazine, it was announced that once jetBlue partnered with Yahoo! and with BlackBerry producer Research in Motion, that the airline would offer free, limited Wi-Fi capabilities on a single aircraft, N651JB, an Airbus A320-232 dubbed "BetaBlue". People access e-mail with a Wi-Fi capable Blackberry, or use Yahoo!'s e-mail and instant messaging with a Wi-Fi capable laptop, while in flight over the US. LiveTV in Melbourne Florida, created and operated the "BetaBlue" prototype. The "BetaBlue" system utilized the bandwidth and infrastructure of defunct Airfone.[32]
For many years, analysts had predicted that jetBlue's growth rate would become unsustainable. Despite this, the airline continued to add planes and routes to the fleet at a brisk pace. In addition in 2006, the IAM (International Association of Machinists) attempted to unionize JetBlue's "ramp service workers", in a move that was described by JetBlue's COO Dave Barger as "pretty hypocritical", as the IAM opposed jetBlue's creation when it was founded as New Air in 1998. The union organizing petition was dismissed by the National Mediation Board because fewer than 35 percent of eligible employees supported an election.[citation needed]
^ Jump up to: a b Cuozzo, Steve. "JetBlue Triples Size of its Queens Offices." New York Post. December 24, 2002. Retrieved on January 20, 2010. "74,000 square feet at 118–29 Queens Blvd., also known as Forest Hills Tower" and "Boulevard in Forest Hills – possibly the largest office lease in Queens this year. JetBlue was previously at 80–02 Kew Gardens Rd., across the street."
Ever since Tolminc raw-milk cheeses and Slovenian marbled trout were featured on an episode of the Netflix series Chef’s Table with chef Ana Roš, Slovenia’s culinary star has been on the rise. Hiša Franko, the Soca Valley inn and restaurant that Roš runs with her sommelier husband, is now one of the region’s hardest tables to get — prompting the pair to open a small brewpub, Hiša Polonka. Surging demand for Slovenia’s natural and orange wines has driven local winemakers like Burja Estate and Movia to expand. And in the capital of Ljubljana, adventurous chefs at Monstera, Atelje, and Restavracija JB are helping redefine modern Slovenian cuisine, while the experimental farm and eatery Gostišče Grič has brought in a Swedish celebrity duck farmer and full-time forager to create one of Europe’s most unexpected dining experiences. —Nicholas Gill
This year, Buenos Aires becomes a hub for art, sports, and politics: the inaugural Art Basel Cities program, the Youth Olympic Games, and the G20 will all take place in the city, beginning with the multi-year Art Basel initiative. Though the Argentinean capital is already home to an eclectic collection of galleries, Art Basel Cities promises to elevate Buenos Aires’ reputation in the global art scene by offering professional support for local artists, as well as lectures and workshops throughout the year to draw art lovers to the city.
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Floristics is the science of identifying the diversity of plants across a given geographic region. Monography is the comprehensive global treatment of a taxon or clade of interest. The Harvard University Herbaria have a long history in these pursuits, beginning with the most famous early contributions by Asa Gray, who was interested in the flora of North America and its biogeographic connections to Eastern Asia. Today, active floristic research pursued in the field and Herbaria is focused in Asia, South America, and New England. These efforts are helping to address a range of topics, from characterizing poorly known regions of the world, such as the Hengduan Mountains of China, to understanding fine-scale impacts of recent global change across New England.
Eastern Asia & the Hengduan Mountains
David Boufford is focused on eastern Asia and the Hengduan Mountain region of China. The more than 200,000 collections made by Boufford and his collaborators also include silica-gel samples for cutting edge molecular study. The Hengduan website also includes the greatest number of documented photos of Chinese plants in the world.
Climate Change & New England
As part of a project to document changes in plant distributions related to climate change, Charles Davis and his collaborators are currently digitizing the more than one million specimens of vascular plants from across New England, the majority of which reside at Harvard.
Neotropical Orchids in South America
Gustavo Romero focuses on studies of several genera of neotropical orchids, and floristic work in the remote upper Orinoco (Venezuela) and Rio Negro (Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela) river basins.
David E. Boufford
Gustavo A. Romero
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Temple Grandin, PhD
Temple Grandin—our brief synopsis:
She is widely celebrated as one of the first individuals on the autism spectrum to publicly share insights from her personal experience of autism.
Temple Grandin was born August 29, 1947 in Boston Massachusetts to parents Anna Eustacia Purves (now Cutler) and Richard McCurdy Grandin. Temple has three siblings– two sisters and a brother.
Contrary to widely published reports, Grandin was never formally diagnosed with autism in childhood or in her youth. The only formal diagnosis received by Grandin was of ‘brain damage’ at the age of 2.
Temple started kindergarten in Dedham Country Day School. Her teachers and class worked towards adapting an environment easy for her to adjust to.
Temple did not begin speaking until the age of three.
Grandin attended Beaver Country Day School from 7th to 9th grade. Temple describes herself as “a nerdy kid.”
At the age of 15, Temple’s parents divorced; a year later, her mother married Ben Cutler. As the movie, “Temple Grandin,” showed, Temple’s experiences with cattle and machinery on her step-father’s sisters (Ann) ranch in Arizona were pivotal in her life.
Temple’s mother then placed her in Mountain Country School, a private boarding school for teenagers with behavioral problems in Rindge, New Hampshire. It was there that Temple met William Carlock, the science teacher that we see the movie (in the movie, played by veteran actor David Strathairn) who had worked for NASA. He would become her mentor and help significantly towards building her self-confidence.
After she graduated in 1966 from Mountain Country School, Temple went on to earn her Bachelor’s Degree in human psychology from Franklin Pierce Collage in 1970, a master’s degree in animal science from Arizona State University in 1975, and a doctoral degree in animal science from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1989.
Temple is a university professor and works widely in the cattle handling industry. She is a prominent and widely-cited proponent for the humane treatment of livestock for slaughter. She is also internationally famous as a spokesperson on autism.
For more in-depth information about Temple Grandin, visit her official website and FaceBook page at these links:
Temple Grandin Official Website
Dr. Temple Grandin – Facebook
Temple Grandin (TV Movie 2010)
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Sundance London 2012 Line-Up
My heart is very heavy today. With all the excitement of Sundance London comes the crushing disappointment that I can’t go this year. But, for all of you who can or are going, the line-up for the first ever Sundance London has been announced. And it’s a bit of a cracker.
Held from the 26th-29th April (yep, next month), London’s O2 will be chockfull of music, panels, discussions and, most importantly, movies. And Robert actual Redford is going to be there, opening with ‘An Evening With Robert Redford And T Bone Burnett’ moderated by Nick Hornby. And Placebo are just one of the bands that have been announced so far. Remember when I told you my heart was heavy today…?! It’s an absolutely brilliant move, bringing it to London, and gives us (well, not me this year) a chance to see the films that we’ve heard so much about since the Americans had their Sundance in Park City, Utah, back in January.
14 of the 120 films shown in Park City will be shown in London and, although it’s a real shame Surrogates isn’t in there, it’s great to see such a brilliant selection of documentaries. Check out the full line-up below (all of the film descriptions are taken from the Sundance website, here):
2 Days In New York – Director: Julie Delpy
“Marion and Mingus live cozily—perhaps too cozily—with their cat and two young children from previous relationships. However, when Marion’s jolly father (played by director Delpy’s real-life dad), her oversexed sister, and her sister’s outrageous boyfriend unceremoniously descend upon them for a visit, it initiates two unforgettable days that will test Marion and Mingus’s relationship. With their unwitting racism and sexual frankness, the French triumvirate hilariously has no boundaries or filters . . . and no person is left unscathed in its wake.
Directed and cowritten by Delpy, 2 Days in New York is a deliciously witty romp. One of the pleasures of this follow-up film to 2 Days in Paris is the addition of Chris Rock, who—amid the Gallic mayhem—convincingly plays the straight man as Marion’s hipster American boyfriend. With great skill and energy, Delpy heightens cultural differences to comedic extremes but also manages to show that sometimes change is the best solution to a relationship that’s been pushed to its limit.”
Chasing Ice – Director: Jeff Orlowski
“Chasing Ice premiered in the U.S. Documentary Competition at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and received the Excellence in Cinematography Award.
When National Geographic photographer James Balog asked, “How can one take a picture of climate change?” his attention was immediately drawn to ice. Soon he was asked to do a cover story on glaciers that became the most popular and well-read piece in the magazine during the last five years. But for Balog, that story marked the beginning of a much larger and longer-term project that would reach epic proportions.
In this breathtakingly beautiful documentary, filmmaker Jeff Orlowski follows the indomitable photographer as he brings to life the Extreme Ice Survey (EIS) – a massive photography project that placed 30 cameras across three continents to gather visual evidence of the Earth’s melting ice. Chasing Ice tells the story of a visionary artist who, in facing his own mortality, bequeaths the magic of photography and the adventure of the expedition to a new generation and captures the most visible sign of climate change on the planet today.
2012 Sundance Film Festival Excellence in Cinematography Award for U.S. Documentary.”
Filly Brown – Directors: Youssef Delara and Michael D. Olmos
““Majo” Tonorio, a.k.a. Filly Brown, is a raw, young Los Angeles hip-hop artist who spits from the heart. When a sleazy record producer offers her a crack at rap stardom, Majo faces some daunting choices. With an incarcerated mother, a record contract could be the ticket out for her struggling family. But taking the deal means selling out her talent and the true friends who helped her to the cusp of success.
A portrait of an artist forced to discover her authentic voice, Filly Brown percolates with the raw energy of hope sprung from desperation. Directed with tenacious grit by Youssef Delara and Michael Olmos, propelled by an exceptional cast, and fused with a fierce hip-hop score, Filly Brown heralds the arrival of Gina Rodriguez in the title role. A dazzling new star, Rodriguez not only lights up the screen, but she could conquer the airwaves as well.”
Finding North – Directors: Kristi Jacobson and Lori Silverbush
“Finding North premiered in the U.S. Documentary Competition at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and features music by T Bone Burnett.
America has lost its way in taking care of its own. The shocking fact is that one in six Americans doesn’t get enough to eat on a regular basis. Even more disturbing is the fact that this new face of hunger is largely invisible. There are no breadlines in the streets, but increasing numbers of soup kitchens and food banks are feeding people who – though employed full-time – can’t make ends meet.
Finding North unveils the human stories behind the statistics: a rancher juggling two jobs and a small-town policeman rely on food pantries to survive between paychecks; a single working mom can’t afford consistent meals for her children; a short-order cook must travel more than an hour to purchase fruits and vegetables.
As it unravels the real societal costs and applies transparency to the causes of this hunger crisis in the richest country in the world, Kristi Jacobson and Lori Silverbush’s bracing film explores ways that we as a nation can correct this alarming and unnecessary state of affairs.”
For Ellen – Director: So Yong Kim
“After an overnight long-distance drive, Joby (Paul Dano) has a special meeting – with lawyers and his ex-wife. A struggling musician with the prerequisite tattoos, slimy hair, goatee, and his head firmly floating in the clouds, Joby hasn’t been around to be a dad. Now is his last chance to fight for shared custody of his daughter, Ellen.
Writer/director So Yong Kim takes this traditional situation and fills it with humanism. Joby becomes a fascinating character study – a wannabe rock star now turned into a human being – forced to care about something other than his dreams. Kim’s subtle filmmaking style captures real life and conveys emotion in both funny and touching ways. Dano takes a character we are used to laughing at and makes him genuine, completely immersing us in Joby’s journey to respectability, even though he may not make it there.”
The House I Live In – Director: Eugene Jarecki
“The House I Live In premiered in the U.S. Documentary Competition at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and received the Grand Jury Prize for U.S. Documentary, marking Eugene Jarecki’s second Grand Jury Prize at the Festival.
Eugene Jarecki’s seminal film Why We Fight dissected the underbelly of the American war machine. Now, with scalpel-like precision, Jarecki turns his lens on a less visible war – one that is costing more lives, destroying more families, and quickly becoming a scourge on the soul of American society. In the past 40 years, the War on Drugs has accounted for 45 million arrests, made America the world’s largest jailer, and destroyed impoverished communities at home and abroad. Yet drugs are cheaper, purer, and more available today than ever. Where did we go wrong, and what can be done?
Comprehensive in scope, heart wrenching in its humanity, and brilliant in its thesis, Jarecki’s new film grabs viewers and shakes them to their core. The House I Live In is not only the definitive film on the failure of America’s drug war, but it is also a masterpiece filled with hope and the potential to effect change. This film is surely destined for the annals of documentary history.”
Liberal Arts – Director: Josh Radnor
“Liberal Arts debuted in the Premieres section at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival, and was Radnor’s second film to screen at the Festival in three years.
Newly single, 35, and uninspired by his job, Jesse Fisher worries that his best days are behind him. But no matter how much he buries his head in a book, life keeps pulling Jesse back. When his favourite college professor invites him to campus to speak at his retirement dinner, Jesse jumps at the chance. He is prepared for the nostalgia of the dining halls and dorm rooms, the parties and poetry seminars; what he doesn’t see coming is Zibby – a beautiful, precocious, classical-music-loving sophomore. Zibby awakens scary, exciting, long-dormant feelings of possibility and connection that Jesse thought he had buried forever.
The multitalented Josh Radnor returned to the Sundance Film Festival (happythankyoumoreplease won the 2010 dramatic Audience Award), wearing three hats. As writer, director, and star of Liberal Arts, Radnor could teach a master class in filmmaking. Given that his engaging co-star is Elizabeth Olsen, the master class here is one in chemistry between two exceptional actors.”
LUV – Director: Sheldon Candis
“Woody, an adorable 11-year-old boy awaiting the return of his missing mother, lives with his grandmother and Uncle Vincent, who is fresh off an eight-year prison stint. For Woody, the confident, charismatic Vincent is a titan among men. When Vincent notices that Woody could learn a thing or two about becoming a man, he brings him along as he ventures forth to open his own business. But when legit life fails to support Vincent’s vision, and his old Baltimore crime boss, Mr. Fish, haunts him, the pace of little Woody’s manhood lesson accelerates.
Beautiful, bold, and confident, Sheldon Candis’s auspicious debut feature transforms the standard gangster film into a warm and radiant coming-of-age story that humanizes complex situations through characters motivated by love, rather than pride. Brought to life by a brilliant cast, including Danny Glover, Charles Dutton, and Meagan Good, LUV is a lion-hearted tale about virtue as it shines through a complicated slice of black male life in Baltimore.”
Nobody Walks – Director: Ry Russo-Young
“Nobody Walks premiered in the U.S. Dramatic Competition at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and received the Special Jury Prize for Excellence in Independent Film Producing. The script was developed, in part, at the 2010 Sundance Institute Screenwriters Lab and the project was supported through the 2010 Creative Producing Lab and Summit.
Martine, a 23-year-old artist from New York, arrives in Los Angeles to stay in the pool house of a family living in the hip and hilly community of Silver Lake. Peter, the father, has agreed to help Martine complete sound design on her art film as a favour to his wife. Martine innocently enters the seemingly idyllic life of this open-minded family with two kids and a relaxed Southern California vibe. Like a bolt of lightning, her arrival sparks a surge of energy that awakens suppressed impulses in everyone and forces them to confront their own fears and desires.
Exquisitely orchestrated by Ry Russo-Young (You Won’t Miss Me screened at the 2009 Festival) and co-written by Lena Dunham (Tiny Furniture), this potent charting of inner urges and sufferings links characters in an intricate dance of lust, denial, and deception. Despite their issues, each comes across as fundamentally human, urging viewers to appraise the characters’ morality by evaluating their own motives. Sexually charged and rigorously composed, Nobody Walks boasts an impressive cast who deliver incisive performances in this absorbing tale.
2012 Sundance Film Festival U.S. Dramatic Special Jury Prize for Excellence in Independent Film Producing (Andrea Sperling and Jonathan Schwartz).”
An Oversimplification Of Her Beauty – Director: Terence Nance
“An Oversimplification of Her Beauty premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival in the New Frontier category, a section that celebrates the convergence of film, art, and new media technologies as a hotbed for cinematic innovation. The film has since screened at the International Film Festival Rotterdam and MoMA’s New Directors New Films.
You’ve just arrived home after a bad day. You’re broke and lonely, even though you live in the biggest and busiest city in America. You do, however, have one cause for mild optimism: you seem to have captured the attention of an intriguing young lady. You’ve rushed home to clean your apartment before she comes over. In your haste, you see that you’ve missed a call. There’s a voice mail; she tells you that she won’t be seeing you tonight.
With arresting insight, vulnerability, and a delightful sense of humour, Terence Nance’s explosively creative debut feature, An Oversimplification of Her Beauty, documents the relationship between Nance and a lovely young woman as it teeters on the divide between platonic and romantic. Nance creates an exquisite tapestry of live action and various styles of animation to delve deeply into his own young male psyche as he sweats and stretches toward maturity. The result is an exciting and original film that announces the arrival of a bright new cinematic talent.”
The Queen Of Versailles – Director: Lauren Greenfield
“The Queen of Versailles premiered in the U.S. Documentary Competition at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and received the U.S. Directing Award for Documentary. Sundance Institute provided creative support for the film at the 2011 Creative Producing Summit.
With the epic dimensions of a Shakespearean tragedy, The Queen of Versailles follows billionaires Jackie and David’s rags-to-riches story to uncover the innate virtues and flaws of the American dream. We open on the triumphant construction of the biggest house in America, a sprawling, 90,000-square-foot mansion inspired by Versailles. Since a booming time-share business built on the real-estate bubble is financing it, the economic crisis brings progress to a halt and seals the fate of its owners. We witness the impact of this turn of fortune over the next two years in a riveting film fraught with delusion, denial, and self-effacing humor.
Lauren Greenfield instinctively knows what questions to ask, when to ask them, and, more importantly, where to put her camera to mine this overflowing treasure of events. She constructs a series of glowing metaphors to concoct a fascinating character study of parents, children, pets, and household employees as their privileged existence turns upside down. The end result is a portrait of a couple who dared to dream big but lose, still maintaining their unique brand of humility.
Award Winner:
2012 Sundance Film Festival U.S. Directing Award: Documentary.”
Safety Not Guaranteed – Director: Colin Trevorrow
“Safety Not Guaranteed premiered in the US Dramatic Competition at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival, and received the Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award.
Three magazine employees are sent to investigate a personal advertisement placed in the newspaper: guy seeking partner for time travel. They venture to the coast and set up a haphazard surveillance. Darius is recruited as the shill; her dry wit and cynical nature are perfectly suited to trap this enigmatic oddball, Kenneth, and get a good story. But it is she who first sees past the paranoid loner façade to the compelling person inside. The drawback? This still doesn’t rule out the possibility that he just might be crazy.
Colin Trevorrow has woven an ingenious tale: a modern version of the classic madcap romantic comedy. Clever dialogue and outlandish antics, peppered with misfit characters – each one charming yet flawed – are wrapped in a love story tingling with the tantalizing possibility of time travel. In a world where moments are fleeting and soul mates are scarce, it seems that even the simple act of falling in love is never safe.
Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award”
SHUT UP AND PLAY THE HITS – Directors: Dylan Southern and Will Lovelace
“SHUT UP AND PLAY THE HITS premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival in the Park City at Midnight category.
With the release of their debut album in 2005, New York City’s LCD Soundsystem changed the face of dance music, combining equal parts punk, soul, and disco. Their devoted fan base steadily grew, bolstered by Grammy nominations and recognition as one of the best live bands in the world. In early 2011, touring to support their first Billboard Top 10 debut, LCD Soundsystem announced its largest gig to date – Madison Square Garden – and that the concert would be their last ever.
With fly-on-the-wall access, Dylan Southern and Will Lovelace’s concert film captures the final 48 hours of a band in complete control of its destiny. Packed with high-energy farewell performances, narrated by a frank conversation on success and rock stardom between bandleader James Murphy and writer Chuck Klosterman, SHUT UP AND PLAY THE HITS proves that if you’re hearing about LCD Soundsystem just now, you’ve already missed the party.”
Under African Skies – Director: Joe Berlinger
“Under African Skies premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival in the Documentary Premieres category, a section dedicated to documentaries by master filmmakers.
Paul Simon’s historic Graceland album sold millions of copies and united cultures, yet divided world opinion on the boundaries of art, politics, and commerce. On the occasion of the twenty-fifth anniversary of Graceland’s release, Simon returns to South Africa for a reunion concert that unearths the turbulent birth of the album. Despite its huge success as a popular fusion of American and African musical styles, Graceland spawned intense political crossfire. Simon was accused of breaking the United Nations’ cultural boycott of South Africa, which was designed to end apartheid.
Renowned filmmaker Joe Berlinger brilliantly intertwines both sides of a complex story as Simon revisits old ghosts and gains insights on his own musical journey. With the compelling perceptions of antiapartheid activists and music legends such as Quincy Jones, Harry Belafonte, Paul McCartney, and David Byrne, Under African Skies is both a buoyant chronicle of unparalleled artistic achievement and a profound rumination on the role of the artist in society.”
This entry was posted in Home and tagged 2 days in new york, 2012, an oversimplification of her beauty, chasing ice, colin trevorrow, dylan southern, eugene jarecki, festival, filly brown, film, finding north, for ellen, jeff orlowski, joe berlinger, josh radnor, julie delpy, kristi jacobson, lauren greenfield, lcd soundsystem, liberal arts, lori silverbush, luv, march, michael d. olmos, movies, nick hornby, nobody walks, park city, placebo, robert redford, ry russo-young, safety not guaranteed, sheldon candis, shut up and play the hits, so yong kim, sundance, sundance london, t bone burnett, terence nance, the house i live in, the o2, the queen of versailles, under african skies, will lovelace, youssef delara. Bookmark the permalink.
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Tag Archives: friends
Review: Horrible Bosses (2011)
DIRECTOR: Seth Gordon.
CAST: Jason Bateman, Charlie Day, Jason Sudeikis, Kevin Spacey, Jennifer Aniston, Colin Farrell, Jamie Foxx, Donald Sutherland, Lindsay Sloane, Julie Bowen, P.J. Byrne, Celia Finkelstein, Ioan Gruffudd.
SYNOPSIS: Nick (Bateman) hates his boss for making him work sunrise to sunset with no reward. Kurt (Sudeikis) hates his boss for being a coked-out idiot who has no interest in the company aside from the financial reward. Dale (Day) hates his boss for being a borderline rapist when he’s about to get married. A drunken conversation between the three of them leads to the hiring of a hit man (Foxx) to ensure an easy working environment. But things are never that straightforward.
Horrible Bosses is undoubtedly a massive step forward for director Seth Gordon, with his previous work on American TV shows The Office, Modern Family and Parks and Recreation showcasing his effortless capability of working with the current Hollywood darlings usually favoured by a certain Judd Apatow. Although the first half of the film may feel like a rehearsal to the better-paced and more enjoyable second half, this film is far from predictable with a wonderfully natural chemistry between the three male leads. Continue reading →
Tagged 2011, arrested development, august, celia finkelstein, charlie day, colin farrell, donald sutherland, friends, horrible bosses, ioan gruffudd, jamie foxx, jason bateman, jason sudeikis, jennifer aniston, julie bowen, july, kevin spacey, lindsay sloane, new line cinema, p.j. byrne, seth gordon, the hangover
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Home » Dispatches » Is the Lost Language of Iraqi Jews Really Lost?
Is the Lost Language of Iraqi Jews Really Lost?
ijao | י׳ באב ה׳תשע״ח (22/07/2018) | 0 Comments
By Mardean Isaac
On the anniversary of the Farhud of 1941, when Iraqi Jews’ violent dispossession began, a look at how the Baghdadi diaspora’s eventual return to Israel fostered scholarly interest in a rich Babylonian heritage
Between 1948 and 1951, the vast majority of Iraq’s Jewish population of around 150,000 left the country, interrupting a remarkable literary and linguistic heritage. The Talmud, some of which was composed in Iraq, was written partly in Jewish Babylonian Aramaic, a literary dialect using the Hebrew alphabet. The Jews of northern Iraq spoke particular forms of Aramaic, closely related to the Aramaic spoken by their Assyrian neighbors. Ever-decreasing numbers of Jews in Israel speak those dialects—relics of obscure, mainly rural communities. Other Jewish Aramaic dialects are now only used in academic or religious study.
The predominant Iraqi-Jewish language was a particular form of Judeo-Arabic, a term encompassing forms of Arabic spoken by Jews in Arab countries. Geoffrey Khan, a professor of Hebrew at Cambridge University, has done pioneering work on the spoken Aramaic dialects of the Assyrians and Jews of Iran and northern Iraq. “Jewish Baghdadi is different in all levels of structure, phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexicon, from Muslim and Christian dialects of Iraqi Arabic,” he told me. Regarding the influence of Aramaic in Judeo-Arabic, Khan noted: “There do seem to be some elements that have been influenced by an Aramaic substrate, though it is not always easy to prove it.” As far as linguistic aspects that exist across Judeo-Arabic dialects, he selected as one case the pronunciation of the /r/ as in an uvular /r/, a feature of Judeo-Arabic both in Iraq and in North Africa.
Following the Arab invasions in the 7th century, Arabic supplanted Aramaic as the lingua franca of the region. As the importance of Baghdad rose, Jews established a strong presence there. By the early 20th century, Baghdad was about a third Jewish. Some communities of Jews in northern Iraq—like Assyrians and Mandaeans—continued to speak Aramaic, adopting Arabic or Kurdish only for external use.
Baghdadi Jews would imbue their own distinct heritage into the Arabic language. The phenomenon of Iraqi Judeo-Arabic mirrors the status of Jews in relation to Iraq, as a people whose culture and habits were deeply shaped by broader Iraqi society and politics, yet who lived in parallel to it. In that status, it joins not only other Jewish diaspora dialects, but a legacy of languages in the Middle East that bear the trace of communities who navigated all sorts of political transformations before the homogenizing cultural and demographic forces set in motion by the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the establishment of often-murderous nation states. The disappearance from Iraq of Assyrians, Jews, and other ancient groups like the Mandaeans, who also have a fascinating religious literature in their own Aramaic dialect, has only laid bare the lack of literature reflecting the linguistic richness and particular experiences of Iraq’s various peoples.
“Like their Muslim and Christian peers, Jewish-Iraqi authors, poets, and journalists looked down on colloquial speech,” the Jewish-Iraqi scholar Eli Timan told me. “Their definition of ‘eloquence’ was confined entirely to Fus’ha [classical Arabic]. In my opinion, this was a tragedy for our community and explains the dearth of Jewish-Iraqi documents in the field of literature.”
It is eloquent of its ghostly status that some of the best fiction written in Iraqi Judeo-Arabic will likely prove to be the last. Samir Naqqash, an Iraqi-born Israeli novelist, wrote exclusively in Arabic. He refused to accept that he had lost Iraq and become Israeli, and refused to adopt Hebrew despite the decision ruining his career prospects. Naqqash instead wrote novels that conjured a vanished past of Iraq’s dialectal and ethno-communal richness using the Judeo-Arabic (and other Baghdadi dialects) of his childhood that served as the keyhole to that past, and its only portable element. Since his death in 2004, no new literature featuring Iraqi Judeo-Arabic has been published.
The Dove Flyer (2013) became the first, and so far only, film shot in Iraqi Judeo-Arabic. Israeli actors, mainly descended from Iraqi Jews, learned the dialect for the film, switching to so-called Muslim-Arabic when in dialogue with Arabs, as Baghdadi Jews used to do. The film depicts a family experiencing both the imperiled material comfort and rigid social life of Baghdadi Jews in the final years of the Jewish presence in Iraq. As the gears of Zionism and Arab nationalism turn together, they increasingly become aware of their separateness, both seduced by and pushed towards making aliyah.
Since the invasion of Iraq in 2003, interest has risen in the Iraqi-Jewish heritage, although scant actual engagement with Iraq itself has taken place. Violette Shamash’s Memories of Eden (2008), a memoir of Jewish life in Baghdad, features a Judeo-Arabic lexicon, including terms as diverse as loozina (“quince sweetmeat with almonds and cardamom”) and slah (“synagogue,” from Aramaic). Last Days in Babylon (2007) is an account of journalist Marina Benjamin’s trip to Iraq in 2004. Her encounter with Baghdad’s 22 remaining Jews (“too afraid to come together as a community, either for prayer or solace”) is strange and haunting.
But the circumstances surrounding the trip, informed partly by the birth of Benjamin’s child and the turmoil in Iraq, prompted a deeper investigation into the past, including into Judeo-Arabic. Conversations with other Iraqi Jews such as philanthropist Edwin Shuker, who escaped Iraq to London in 1971, transforms her consciousness of the power that the language she had resisted as a child growing up in London had once held. “You couldn’t talk in public because as soon as you opened your mouth,” Shuker tells Benjamin, “because of the Judeo-Arabic accent, someone might realize you were a Jew.”
Eli Timan, one of the rare custodians of the Iraqi Judeo-Arabic heritage, is a member of the Iraqi-Jewish community in London. Timan left Baghdad for England at the age of 16, and has since spoken “a mixture of Jewish-Iraqi and English” with his family and the rest of the community. The proficiency of Jews in western languages, which had seen them well represented in the administrative and commercial activities of the British in Iraq, was an obstacle in passing Judeo-Arabic onto his children. “As their grandparents spoke English,” Timan told me, “they did not have to communicate in Jewish-Iraqi.”
Timan felt compelled to begin work on Judeo-Arabic in 2004 when, during an Aramaic class, he met a young student whose father was an Iraqi-Jew from India. Keen to learn the Jewish Iraqi dialect, the student encouraged Timan to write a Targum (dictionary). “The events in Iraq were daily headlines at that time,” Timan told me. “I, like many Iraqi Jews, woke up to the fact that after 2,600 years of continuous existence, only a handful of Jews were left in Iraq and our heritage was completely lost, except in the diaspora where we spoke Jewish-Iraqi, listened to Iraqi music, and made Iraqi-Jewish food.”
Timan applied successfully for a small grant from the then-newly formed Endangered Language Program at SOAS University of London, financed by the Arcadia Fund. Since 2006, Timan has accumulated 100 hours of recorded testimony from Iraqi Jews living in the U.K., Canada, and Israel, around 10 percent of which has been transcribed and translated into English. The recordings include local history, Iraqi politics, and personal memories and narratives. “It is quite interesting to note,” said Timan, “that the more educated make use extensively of standard Arabic. The same case applies to Jews who left Iraq after 2003.” These observations further attest to the fragility of a language so tethered to the social and cultural life of a particular community that was already under sustained pressure.
Peter Austin, a distinguished linguist at SOAS, worked with Timan on the preservation of Iraqi Judeo-Arabic. He described Timan’s work as a “single-handed attempt to record as much information about personal histories as possible before the last older speakers pass on.” Austin expressed pessimism over the future of the language, especially owing to the dispersal of the community and the tendency of English and Hebrew to “suppress and destroy smaller immigrant languages.”
Last November, Timan gave a lecture (“What is Jewish-Iraqi Arabic?”) in South Hampstead, hosted by Harif, an organization dedicated to the history and heritage of Mizrahi Jews, and Spiro Ark, a Jewish cultural center. By the end of the event, attended by a mixture of intrigued European Jews and wearily nostalgic Jews from the Middle East, Timan’s own downbeat take on the prospect of any Iraqi-Jewish Arabic revival was under siege from an increasingly enthusiastic and curious audience. This was especially true of the young parents in the crowd, many of whom had a background or familial experience with Arabic-Jewish dialects but had not yet encountered serious attempts to chronicle and revive it.
Having had no occasion in many years to ask what certain words and phrases from their childhood meant, they quickly set about forging new consensus on expired vernacular. One mother insisted on the importance of transmitting a capacity for Arabic gutturals to children at a young age; another claimed that although her parents had done so, she hadn’t practiced any form of Arabic in London, and so was still struggling with the language phonetically in adulthood. Tentative arrangements were made to start classes.
The scholarly value of Judeo-Arabic was made clear during a tour of the Judeo-Arabic collection in the British Library. The collection contains thousands of manuscripts and texts, ranging from a version of Maimonides’ Guide for the Perplexed, copied in Yemen in 1380, to the mid-19th-century The Hebrew Gazette, designed for the Iraqi Jewish community of Bombay.
Ilana Tahan, a curator of Hebrew and Christian Orient studies at the British Library, told me that the portion of the archive containing published material (often published outside of Iraq) particular to Iraqi Jews, “spans more than 140 years, and covers a wide range of subjects such as Bible, religious law, liturgy, folklore, and literature.” Both Ben-Gurion and Tel Aviv Universities have, as of the 2017-18 academic year, included Judeo-Arabic as part of new programs on Jews in the Arab world.
Iraqi Judeo-Arabic was particularly reactive to an environment that has irreversibly vanished, and the expulsion of Jews from that environment was so extreme as to threaten the memory of it, until the passage of time revived an archival and academic focus on the Jewish experience of Arab countries. It was the Jewish exile from Iraq—which was also a return to Israel, site of their original exile—which occasioned the need to give categorical and scholarly form to a language that was previously the reflexive province of an ancient community. The study of Iraqi Judeo-Arabic is a way of reclaiming a distinct Jewish experience before the remaining connections to it disappear forever.
Tags: farhud, judaeo-arabic
Category: Heritage, Judaeo-Arabic
« How Iraqi Jews are Reclaiming their Cultural Legacy in Israel
The Iraqi Jewish Archive is stolen property that should go back to its original owners »
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Home » News » Apple Hires Former CableLabs Exec, And He’s Working On ‘Something Big’
Apple Hires Former CableLabs Exec, And He’s Working On ‘Something Big’
// October 3, 2013
Apple continues to move forward in their acquisition of talent. In a recent move they hired Jean-François Mulé as an Engineering Director. Mr. Mulé was previously the Senior Vice President of Technology Development at CableLabs, where he was the program manager for IP communications via voice and video.
The new hiring was revealed via LinkedIn on October 1, 2013, when Jean-François changed his profile to reflect that he had started a new position in September. According to his profile the new position leaves him “Challenged, inspired and part of something big”. There is no word yet, on what that big thing is, but rumors are already running rampant across the Internet highway.
Mulé’s past experience is primarily in cable technology which leads many to speculate there will be big progress on the Apple TV front. Rumors have also been circulating for a while that Apple is working on a streaming device that would be compatible with iOS and iCloud, giving Apple a huge boost in the streaming market.
One of the ideas floating around the Apple chats is that he has been hired to work on a television-based product. This rumor is based on comments made by Tim Cook and the late Steve Jobs about a possible break-through that would bring living room technology up with the times. This is not a far stretch considering that it’s been confirmed Apple is talking with cable operators. According to Mike Fries, Liberty Global CEO, “I don’t think they’re going to build a TV. They want to be in the interface business. They want essentially get in between cable operators and customers.” This still hasn’t squashed the rumors that Apple wants to get into the HDTV market.
Right now everything is rumors and guesswork, but that is what Apple thrives on. Anticipations keeps their fans clamoring for the latest in iOS technology. Regardless of which rumors pan out, one thing is obvious, Apples’ acquisition of Jean-François Mulé will bring significant changes to Apple’s long-term plans.
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Children’s Movie DVD premieres
Kid's Movie News
The latest news on your favorite children's movies.
2013 Disney Movies
December 22, 2012 by Linette Leave a Comment
The 2013 Disney Movie lineup looks pretty impressive! There are movies coming from several of Disney’s major studios including, Pixar, Dream Works, Marvel, and another film collaboration with Jerry Bruckheimer Films and Johnny Depp. There’s also going to be a re-release of one of Disney’s favorite classics, The Little Mermaid in 3D! I think it’s going to be another great year for Disney movies, I can’t wait to check most of these out!
Disney Movies 2013
March 8: OZ THE GREAT AND POWERFUL
Disney’s fantastical adventure “Oz The Great and Powerful,” directed by Sam Raimi, imagines the origins of L. Frank Baum’s beloved wizard character. When Oscar Diggs (James Franco), a small-time circus magician with dubious ethics, is hurled away from dusty Kansas to the vibrant Land of Oz, he thinks he’s hit the jackpot—fame and fortune are his for the taking—that is until he meets three witches, Theodora (Mila Kunis), Evanora (Rachel Weisz) and Glinda (Michelle Williams), who are not convinced he is the great wizard everyone’s been expecting. Reluctantly drawn into the epic problems facing the Land of Oz and its inhabitants, Oscar must find out who is good and who is evil before it is too late. Putting his magical arts to use through illusion, ingenuity—and even a bit of wizardry—Oscar transforms himself not only into the great wizard but into a better man as well.
May 3: IRON MAN 3 (Marvel Studios)
Marvel’s “Iron Man 3” pits brash-but-brilliant industrialist Tony Stark/Iron Man against an enemy whose reach knows no bounds. When Stark finds his personal world destroyed at his enemy’s hands, he embarks on a harrowing quest to find those responsible. This journey, at every turn, will test his mettle. With his back against the wall, Stark is left to survive by his own devices, relying on his ingenuity and instincts to protect those closest to him. As he fights his way back, Stark discovers the answer to the question that has secretly haunted him: does the man make the suit or does the suit make the man?
June 21: MONSTERS UNIVERSITY (Disney/Pixar)
Mike Wazowski and James P. Sullivan are an inseparable pair, but that wasn’t always the case. From the moment these two mismatched monsters met they couldn’t stand each other. “Monsters University” unlocks the door to how Mike
and Sulley overcame their differences and became the best of friends.
July 3: THE LONE RANGER
From producer Jerry Bruckheimer and director Gore Verbinski, the filmmaking team behind the blockbuster “Pirates of the Caribbean” franchise, comes Disney/ Jerry Bruckheimer Films’ “The Lone Ranger,” a thrilling adventure infused with
action and humor, in which the famed masked hero is brought to life through new eyes. Native American spirit warrior Tonto (Johnny Depp) recounts the untold tales that transformed John Reid (Armie Hammer), a man of the law, into
a legend of justice—taking the audience on a runaway train of epic surprises and humorous friction as the two unlikely heroes must learn to work together and fight against greed and corruption.
September 13: THE LITTLE MERMAID 3D (Walt Disney Animation Studios)
Swimming into the hearts of a new generation—beautifully restored and this time in 3D—“The Little Mermaid” features the beloved Ariel (voice of Jodi Benson), a fun-loving and mischievous mermaid, who is enchanted with all
things human. Disregarding her father’s order to stay away from the world above the sea, she swims to the surface and, in a raging storm, rescues the prince of her dreams. Determined to be human, Ariel strikes a bargain with the devious seawitch Ursula (voice of Pat Carroll), trading her fins and beautiful voice for legs. With her best friend Flounder (voice of Jason Marin), misguided seagull Scuttle (voice of Buddy Hackett) and the calypso-singing Caribbean crab
chaperone Sebastian (voice of Samuel E. Wright) at her side, Ariel must win the prince’s love and save her father’s kingdom – all in a heart-pounding race against time.
October 4: DELIVERY MAN (DreamWorks Pictures)
From DreamWorks Pictures comes “Delivery Man”, the story of affable underachiever David Wozniak, whose mundane life is turned upside down when he finds out that he fathered 533 children through sperm donations he made
twenty years earlier.
In debt to the mob, rejected by his pregnant girlfriend, things couldn’t look worse for David when he is hit with a lawsuit from 142 of the 533 twenty-somethings who want to know the identity of the donor. As David
struggles to decide whether or not he should reveal his true identity, he embarks on a journey that leads him to discover not only his true self but the father he could become as well.
November 8: THOR: THE DARK WORLD (Marvel Studios)
Marvel’s “Thor: The Dark World” continues the big-screen adventures of Thor, the Mighty Avenger, as he battles to save Earth and all the Nine Realms from a shadowy enemy that predates the universe itself. In the aftermath of Marvel’s “Thor” and “Marvel’s The Avengers,” Thor fights to restore order across the cosmos…but an ancient race led by the vengeful Malekith returns to plunge the universe back into darkness. Faced with an enemy that even Odin and Asgard cannot withstand, Thor must embark on his most perilous and personal journey yet, one that will reunite him with Jane
Foster and force him to sacrifice everything to save us all.
November 27: FROZEN (Walt Disney Animation Studios)
From the studio behind 2010’s “Tangled” and this year’s “Wreck-It Ralph,” Walt Disney
Animation Studios presents “Frozen,” the most daring comedy-adventure ever to hit the big
screen. When a prophecy traps a kingdom in eternal winter, Anna (voice of Kristen Bell), a
fearless optimist, teams up with extreme mountain man Kristoff (voice of Jonathan Groff) and
his sidekick reindeer Sven on an epic journey to find Anna’s sister Elsa (voice of Idina Menzel),
the Snow Queen, and put an end to her icy spell. Encountering mystical trolls, an amazing
and comedic snowman named Olaf, Everest-like conditions and magic at every turn, Anna and
Kristoff battle the elements in a race to save the kingdom from destruction
December 20: SAVING MR. BANKS
Two-time Academy Award®–winner Emma Thompson and fellow double Oscar®-winner Tom Hanks topline Disney’s “Saving Mr. Banks,” inspired by the extraordinary, untold backstory of how Disney’s classic “Mary Poppins” made it to the screen.
When Walt Disney’s daughters begged him to make a movie of their favorite book, P.L. Travers’ “Mary Poppins,” he made them a promise—one that he didn’t realize would take 20 years to keep. In his quest to obtain the rights, Walt comes up against a curmudgeonly, uncompromising writer who has absolutely no intention of letting her beloved magical nanny get mauled by the Hollywood machine. But, as the books stop selling and money grows short, Travers reluctantly agrees to go to Los Angeles to hear Disney’s plans for the adaptation.
For those two short weeks in 1961, Walt Disney pulls out all the stops. Armed with imaginative storyboards and chirpy songs from the talented Sherman brothers, Walt launches an all-out onslaught on P.L. Travers, but the prickly author doesn’t budge. He soon begins to watch helplessly as Travers becomes increasingly immovable and the rights begin to move further away from his grasp. It is only when he reaches into his own childhood that Walt discovers the truth about the ghosts that haunt her, and together they set Mary Poppins free to ultimately make one of the most endearing films in cinematic history.
Filed Under: Disney Movies, Movie News Tagged With: animated movies, Disney, Disney Movies, Frozen, Iron Man 3, Marvel, Monster University, Mr. Banks, Oz The Great and Powerful, pixar, The Little Mermaid, The Lone Ranger, Thor
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Winklevoss Twins: ”Crypto Is Potentially One Of The Strongest Networks Of Value Ever”
March 13, 2019 Max Moeller 0
The Winklevoss Twins, former participants in the development of Facebook and founders of the New York-based Gemini exchange, have always been supporters of cryptocurrency. The two are known for having boatloads of Bitcoin (BTC) while also doing whatever they can to increase mainstream adoption. Now, in a video interview with CNN Business, these twins announce their most recent beliefs on the subject.
Decentralized Power
Essentially, the Winklevoss Twins claim that cryptocurrencies have the potential to be one of the most powerful social networks of all time. That, and they want to be instrumental in that happening. To help with this, the two want their Gemini platform to serve as a regulated exchange that mitigates as much of the risk in cryptocurrency trading as they can.
While no, Bitcoin and other assets aren’t inherently social, the twins mean this in more of a metaphorical sense. They believe that crypto will bring people together. The lack of reliance on a central authority in combination with the passion investors feel will lead to unity. It’s a bold claim, but one that isn’t entirely unfound.
Somewhat ironically, much of the crypto community disagrees with this sentiment. This disbelief is because the point of crypto and blockchain is to be rid of any central authority or reliance on a company. So, there would be no need for the Gemini exchange. Any space that imposes regulation goes against the philosophy of blockchain technology, no?
That said, the twins refute that argument by saying that their “product is trust”. They believe that Gemini will be the platform for investors who believe in independence and self-operation.
Pushing Forward
Speaking on Facebook, CNN asked what the two think about the actual biggest social media platform in existence. The Winklevoss reply:
“Money is the oldest social network and arguably the strongest and crypto is potentially one of the strongest networks of value ever in the world and will continue to do so. So, hopefully, pioneers in that space to some extent.”
These two believe in their goals, which is admirable. However, it remains to be seen if enthusiasts will back Gemini or stick with their original vision. A centralized space can only provide so much of what blockchain lovers desire.
About Max Moeller
Cryptocurrency and games writer. Looking to the future by studying how these two industries can blend. LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/maxwell-moeller-912044b4/
Dogecoin Technical Analysis: Increase expected but only a correctional one
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Home Banking How Blockchain Is Changing the Banking Industry
How Blockchain Is Changing the Banking Industry
By John Manning, International Banker
The cryptocurrency craze has been in full flow during 2017. Bitcoin seems to be setting record highs with every passing week. Initial coin offerings (ICOs) are turning traditional capital-raising on its head. And perhaps most significantly of all, blockchain technology is beginning to have a transformational impact on the world. Arguably, it’s the global banking system that could benefit the most from the implementation of this revolutionary distributed-ledger technology. Whether it’s payments, settlements or compliance, blockchain’s key properties of decentralisation, immutability, efficiency, cost-effectiveness and security are leading to a growing chorus of support for the technology’s adoption across the entire spectrum of financial services; as such, the industry is now expected to undergo substantial disruption over the coming years.
In terms of the impact of specific blockchain companies, few have done more for the global banking industry to date than Ripple. The San Francisco-based tech firm is now providing global financial-settlement solutions powered by blockchain to enable banks to transact directly with each other and lower the total costs of settlement. Its digital asset XRP has grown to become the fourth biggest cryptocurrency by market capitalisation (after bitcoin, ethereum and bitcoin cash), and banks are now joining in droves to improve their cross-border payment capabilities. Indeed, Ripple’s CEO Brad Garlinghouse recently acknowledged the rapid growth in adoption of the company’s blockchain by banks: “People know Ripple is the only blockchain solution for payments that is proven in the real world, and it’s driving demand from financial institutions of all kinds and sizes because they want to stay ahead of the curve.”
For instance, the end of June saw the rollout of the first blockchain-powered instant-remittance service, which has been jointly adopted by Japan and Thailand as a way to establish a new payment rail between the two countries. The collaboration between Thailand’s Siam Commercial Bank and Japan’s SBI Remit, which uses Ripple’s blockchain, will help to boost the speed, efficiency and cost of the countries’ remittance corridor, which sees around $250 million transferred every year, largely as a result of the 40,000 Thai nationals living in Japan. According to Siam Commercial Bank, a transaction that results in funds being deposited in the recipient’s savings account in Thailand can be completed in two to five seconds, which drastically reduces the current norm of “two business days” for payments between the nations.
Elsewhere, Ripple’s blockchain is being utilised in a coordinated manner by some of the largest banks in the world, which in turn is helping to usher in a new era of virtually instantaneous international bank transfers. Last September, the company launched the “Global Payments Steering Group”, which is the first interbank blockchain group for global payments, and which will enable member banks to facilitate the creation and maintenance of payment-transaction rules with formalised standards for money transfers over the Ripple blockchain. Its six founding members included some of the world’s biggest financial institutions, such as Bank of America Merrill Lynch, Royal Bank of Canada, Banco Santander, UniCredit, Standard Chartered and Westpac; since then, many more banks have joined.
Banks are also joining up to design a brand new blockchain-based digital currency that they are intending to launch in 2018. Six of the world’s premier lenders—Barclays, Credit Suisse, Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, HSBC, MUFG (Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group) and State Street—have recently joined a project led by Swiss banking giant UBS—in addition to existing members Deutsche Bank, Banco Santander, Bank of New York Mellon and NEX—with the goal of creating the utility settlement coin, a digital currency that will primarily be used to quickly clear and settle financial transactions using blockchain. The aim of the project, therefore, is to reduce the time, cost and capital required for the post-trade clearing and settlement process, as well as to improve financial-market efficiency. As such, it provides yet another way for the back offices of banks to use blockchain to enhance the speed and efficiency of settlement systems, with the utility settlement coin allowing banks to transfer value and assets without having to wait for long periods of time, as is currently the case with traditional methods. The coins can be converted into fiat currency at central banks and will be stored on the blockchain, which enables them to be quickly swapped for securities that are being traded.
The payments sector is receiving an additional boost through the partnership between Nasdaq and Citi that was announced in May. The collaboration will involve the use of blockchain to record and transmit payment instructions in order to facilitate straight-through payment processing, as well as provide an automated reconciliation mechanism. A number of transactions have already been reportedly executed through the CitiConnect® for Blockchain connectivity platform and the Linq Platform powered by the Nasdaq Financial Framework. As such, liquidity of private securities could ostensibly be improved by streamlining payment transactions between multiple parties, while administrative functions in capital markets are also likely to undergo much modernisation. According to Nasdaq, key benefits of the venture include a seamless, end-to-end transactional process for private-company securities; direct access to global payments from Nasdaq’s Linq platform using CitiConnect® for Blockchain and Citi’s cross-border, multicurrency payments service; and increased operational efficiency and ease of reconciliation with real-time visibility of payment-transaction activity on the blockchain ledger. Moreover, the blockchain will enable real-time visibility of payment-transaction activity.
Trade finance is one major area within banking that could experience considerable transformation as a result of blockchain adoption. The currently outdated processes that litter this area of banking, coupled with the sector’s overall size, means that it is ripe to be upgraded by distributed-ledger technology, in terms of cost and efficiency. Furthermore, it appears to be among the top priorities for global banking blockchain consortium R3, one of the leaders in blockchain development for the banking sector during this early stage. The New York-based company, which currently boasts more than 80 members comprised of banks and financial organisations, managed to raise a record $107 billion in a fundraising round in May, the biggest single investment for any blockchain to date. And now the collective is close to launching its first pilot commercial product. Eleven of the banks—Bangkok Bank, BBVA (Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria), BNP Paribas, HSBC, ING, Intesa Sanpaolo, Mizuho, RBS (Royal Bank of Scotland), Scotiabank, SEB and US Bank—are preparing to use R3’s blockchain software Corda to test an application aimed at cutting costs and increasing efficiency in the processing of sight letters of credit, which, as it is intended, will be payable immediately upon receipt of the letter and supporting documents by the relevant financial institution.
The product is reported to have a few key standout features. Firstly, it will offer a standardised interface to its users, such as carriers and shipping companies, for inputting shipping details, even in the absence of Corda. This means users won’t need to buy a new platform or train people to use it, and will be able to acquire users more easily. Secondly, the application could result in reducing the costs and complexity of existing processes, which in turn means that SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) will ultimately be able to access funds more quickly using sight letters of credit than other methods of trade financing. It will also mean that trade finance could be accessed by a wider range of potential users. The banks have been working on the product for more than a year, and are on schedule to launch in 2018.
R3 is not the only entity currently seeking to improve trade-finance processes through blockchain. On the contrary, seven of Europe’s biggest banks—Deutsche Bank, HSBC, KBC, Natixis, Rabobank, Société Générale and UniCredit—have hired tech giant IBM to build a blockchain platform to facilitate cross-border trade finance for small businesses. At present, companies often have to wait several weeks for cross-border orders before they are paid. The blockchain platform, however, will also allow companies to track orders and use smart contracts to automatically trigger payments on specific events, such as an invoice notification or delivery being recorded. It will also add more banks, shipping companies and freight forwarders, all of which will be assessed before being added. Much of the existing payment methodology will remain in place for the time being, but in the words of Rabobank’s chairman, Wiebe Draijer, “The whole infrastructure, the administration is done on the blockchain; and ultimately we will also move the payment into that blockchain solution, when the payment in blockchain is ready to be robust for large-scale applications”. The technology solution will be built on Hyperledger Fabric, an open-source blockchain framework, and is expected to go live before the end of the year. Thus, there is much optimism surrounding blockchain’s role in the transformation of trade finance. “We are convinced that blockchain will have a huge impact on banks in the future and that trade finance is one of the biggest areas of potential for the technology,” according to Rudi Peeters, chief information officer at KBC.
The IBM blockchain itself is proving to be increasingly valuable for banks across a range of use cases. The tech giant recently joined Thai lender Kasikorn Bank (KBank) to launch a new enterprise Letter of Guarantee network based on its blockchain. According to IBM, the project will help to simplify and expedite procedures for KBank’s Letter of Guarantee process, including strengthening security and reducing costs for both the customer and the bank. Most notable is that the enterprise solution will be completely paperless, which will facilitate a more convenient flow of information between banks and customers. Being on the blockchain, moreover, means that transparency is improved over incumbent guarantee processes, which in turn minimises the potential for forgery; while the entire length of time taken to complete the process will now also be considerably reduced. KBank has the biggest market share in Thailand as far as Letter of Guarantees issued by the country’s banking system is concerned, and accounts for 25 percent of the approximately $40 billion issued in total per year. The lender hopes to increase its share to 35 percent by the end of next year, with 5 percent of this amount being processed using blockchain.
There are many more applications of blockchain currently being adopted by banks—Bank of America has filed numerous patents relating to using the technology for conducting and settling transactions; Deutsche Bank is trialling a corporate-bond platform that uses smart contracts to issue and redeem bonds; and DBS and Standard Chartered Banks are working on a trade-finance collaboration with Ripple to better track invoices and avoid invoice duplication. What’s more, it’s not just ordinary lenders that are seeking to utilise blockchain; central banks around the world are also undertaking trials to see how the technology can enhance their monetary-policy capabilities, with the Bank of Papua New Guinea the latest to report such research. As such, it is clear that blockchain is having a profound impact on existing banking processes; and now that the early exploratory phase of the technology is gradually coming to a close, one should expect its adoption in real-use cases to begin to accelerate.
BankingBitcoinBlockchainCryptocurrencyICOs
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readldancollins December 23, 2017 - 3:40 pm
This is a great article but sadly these appear to be examples of the powerful incumbents attempting to usurp blockchain so as to keep themselves in the middle (Bank of America’s patents – actually, patents are a good use case for blockchain) rather than the powerful incumbent reinventing themselves. For blockchain to thrive it must remain decentralized.
Robin Trehan March 16, 2018 - 4:32 pm
Small community banks in USA, have start looking into blockchain and cryto related businesses. I know of banks who want to convert themselves to a block chain oriented business.
robin March 18, 2018 - 4:38 pm
We are seeing a host of news coming against Bitcoin, it’s bad, it’s a Fraud, and not real. Quite a bit of it is from large banks and large investors, who have invested heavily in the financial institutions.
For us to understand it we have to look into where banks are making their money and how Bitcoin is basically eating their cake and might be possibly disrupting their business altogether.
Investment banking-One of the biggest source of income for large banks is investment banking. With ICO’s new ideas and companies with a dream there is no need to knock on banks door to underwrite. They can go directly to market with an ICO. I have friends who are coming up with fantastic ideas to serve different business sectors. Great ideas and no need for bankers. For example one of my friends is working on a plan to bring the humanity and charity with sweepstakes’. Great idea and will be a great success and no need for a banker.
Money Transfer- If you have transferred money from a bank either in the form of wire, money order, draft we all know the fees we are charged. Try an international wire or transaction and catch up the fees. Just imagine the huge trade and international transactions that are happening every day across the world. Banks are making tons of money and no wonder worried about with cryptocurrencies there is any need for intermediaries. All these fees in billions of dollar will be hard to justify when with time Crypto transfer fee will reduce to a minimum. Thanks Bitcoin.
Transaction fee, Processing fee- Whatever product or service you buy the merchants is on the hook for 2.5% to 7% transaction fee or higher. The large merchants both online and brick and mortar on an average pay are 2.5% merchant processing fee. If, they start accepting crypto payments this fee will be reduced significantly.
Deposits- Banks make money on spread on the deposits we make. So, lesser the deposit, higher the interest they will have to give to garnish these deposits. Imagine if we start keeping all our deposit in cryotocurrencies. In that case, banks will have to invest a significant amount of money to serve this economy.
Trading- Large banks are involved in the mammoth amount of trading of stocks, commodities, currencies etc. They currently do not have a trading desk what are catering to crypto clients. Money is moving away to other institutions what are catering to this sector. The question is can banks adapt to this world and how they integrate the Bitcoin economy with theirs?
Large investors, in banks are worried and very often come against Bitcoin, and it is understandable. They have a huge amount invested in the current banking system, they won’t give up easily. Resistance to change is natural but we will see with time, some bank will be forefront and start offering services in Crypto marketplace. The regulators, on the other hand, are pragmatic and are on the other hand considering Fintech Charter.
Only time will tell how fast this crypto revolution will take over our wallet and bring in a new way of banking. Mass adoption of bitcoin and other currencies will force these large banks to the new way of life.
Welcome to the world of Bitcoin.
Robin Trehan
Priya Kale July 20, 2018 - 11:35 am
Thank you for sharing a very informative article with users. Before 2020 blockchain will change banking security sector. Even it starts with insurance industry. Thanks again for sharing this great information!
don October 30, 2018 - 2:20 pm
I’ve seen many articles delineating the advantages of adding blockchain tech on banking. Main applications will be on payments (no more weekends, holidays interruption on sending/receiving payments) and fraud reduction since every transaction is verifiable. Don’t think everything ‘traditional banking’ will be replaced on the advent of blockchain, but it will be greatly improved with this tech, say that of Formosa Financial’s platform which will link traditional to crypto banking tru API banking – this layer provides API endpoints and hooks that interface with traditional bank services and blockchain-based transactions managed by DApps( on btc eth xrp blockchains) I know we will get to encounter other projects worth mentioning, and to be honest , we really need more cause who fully trust traditional banks these days?
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Emma Goldman on Marriage, 1897
Emma Goldman's first published writing on the subject of marriage, which appeared in The Firebrand on July 18, 1897.
Courtesy of the Emma Goldman Papers.
U.C. Berkeley Library
Emma Goldman Papers
Marriage. How much sorrow, misery, humiliation; how many tears and curses; what agony and suffering has this word brought to humanity. From its very birth, up to our present day, men and women grown [sic] under the iron yoke of our marriage institution, and there seems to be no relief, no way out of it. At all times, and in all ages, have the suppressed striven to break the chains of mental and physical slavery. After thousands of noble lives have been sacrificed at the stake and on the gallows, and others have perished in prisons, or at the merciless hands of inquisitions, have the ideas of those brave heroes been accomplished. Thus have religious dogmas, feudalism and black slavery been abolished, and new ideas, more progressive, broader and clearer, have come to the front, and again we see poor down trodden humanity fighting for its rights and independence. But the crudest, most tyranical [sic] of all institutions - marriage, stands firm as ever, and woe unto those who dare to even doubt its sacredness. Its mere discussion is enough to infuriate not only Christians and conservatives alone, but even Liberals, Freethinkers, and Radicals. What is it that causes all these people to uphold marriage? What makes them cling to this prejudice? (for it is nothing else but prejudice). It is because marriage relations, are the foundation of private property, ergo, the foundation of our cruel and inhuman system. With wealth and superfluity on one side, crime on the other, hence to abolish marriage, means to abolish everything above mentioned. Some progressive people are trying to reform and better our marriage laws. They no longer permit the church to interfere in their matrimonial relations, others even go further, they marry free, that is without the consent of the law, but, nevertheless, this form of marriage is just as binding, just as "sacred", as the old form, because it is not the form or the kind of marriage relation we have, but the thing, the thing itself that is objectionable, hurtful and degrading. It always gives the man the right and power over his wife, not only over her body, but also over her actions, her wishes; in fact, over her whole life. And how can it be otherwise? Behind the relations of any individual man and woman to each other, stands the historical age evolved relations between the two sexes in general, which have led up to the difference in the position and privileges of the two sexes today. Two young people come together, but their relation is largely determined by causes over which they have no control. They know little of each other, society has kept both sexes apart, the boy and the girl have been brought up along different lines. Like Olive Schreiner says in her Story of an African Farm "The boy has been taught to be, the girl to seem." Exactly; the boy is taught to be intelligent, bright, clever, strong, athletic, independent and selfreliant; to develop his natural faculties, to follow his passions and desires. The girl has been taught to dress, to stand before the looking glass and admire herself, to control her emotions, her passions, her wishes, to hide her mental defects and to combine what little intelligence and ability she has on one point, and that is, the quickest and best way to angle a husband, to get profitably married. And so it has come that the two sexes hardly understand each others nature, that their mental interest and occupations are different. Public opinion separates their rights and duties, their honor and dishonor very strictly from each other. The subject of sex is a sealed book to the girl, because she has been given to understand that it is impure, immoral and indecent to even mention the sex question. To the boy it is a book whose pages have brought him disease and secret vice, and in some cases ruin and death. Among the rich class it has long been out of fashion to fall in love. Men of society marry, after a life of debauchery and lust, to build up their ruined constitution. Others again have lost their capital, in gambling sports or business speculation, and decide that an heiress would be just the thing they need, knowing well, that the marriage tie will in no way hinder them from squandering the income of their wealthy bride. The rich girl having been brought to be practical and sensible, and having been accustomed to live, breathe, eat, smile, walk and dress only according to fashion, holds out her millions to some title, or to a man with a good social standing. She has one consolation, and that is, that society allows more freedom of action to a married woman and should she be disappointed in
Document study: Goldman's first published writing on the subject of marriage
Jewish Women's Archive. "Emma Goldman on Marriage, 1897." (Viewed on July 17, 2019) <https://jwa.org/media/goldmans-first-published-writing-on-subject-of-marriage-0>.
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Home > Reviews > John Coltrane: The Classic Quartet: The Complete Impulse Studio R
John Coltrane: The Classic Quartet: The Complete Impulse Studio R
Published March 1, 1999 – By Bill Shoemaker
John Coltrane’s Impulse! years can be likened to a meteor shower, with countless ideas streaking the wide-open jazz skies of the early and mid 1960s; some intersected while others broke away from the pack; some arced beautifully over the course of years, while others quickly flamed out. Nearly all of these ideas found their way into his studio recordings with McCoy Tyner, Jimmy Garrison, and Elvin Jones, which is borne out on The Classic Quarter.
For someone in the initial stages of building a basic library, buying this collection is a no-brainer, especially when the sale price in national retail chains dips as low as $62.99, a fine value for any 8-disc set, let alone one of such historical importance. However, the longtime aficionado, who suffered through the miserable initial MCA-mastered CDs, and weathered subsequent re-configurations of materials, may balk. The relegation of seven previously unissued tracks (which clock in at just over 51 minutes) to the collection’s final disc-titled “Works in Progress”-suggests a separate package may be in the wings. This glaring exception to producer Michael Cuscuna’s rule of maintaining chronological order whenever possible in box set sequencing will cause budget-minded collectors to wait it out.
The newly issued material is a mixed lot. Some tracks-an incomplete “Bessie’s Blues,” an alternate of “Feelin’ Good,” and a précis-like early version of “Song of Praise”-are engaging. Others are substantial revelations. In a longer, earlier version of “Crescent,” the successive laying out of Tyner and Garrison leaves Coltrane and Jones alone to test the elasticity of the piece’s strolling tempo; additionally, Coltrane’s solo conveys his questing, experimental voice as palpably as the master take. A rejected take of “Resolution” from A Love Supreme is less exultant than the master, but in some ways is more satisfying: the groove is more sleek; Tyner’s solo nimbly summarizes the components of his style; and Coltrane’s solo retains the earthy, exclamatory feel of the master take in a more streamlined manner.
Unfortunately, some of the unissued tracks are downright aggravating. The alternate of “Dear Lord” is almost as poignant as the master, but the listener has to first endure more than two and a half minutes of thoroughly unrevealing breakdowns. The breakdown of “Living Space” is a substantial four-minute fragment, which in tandem with the ten-minute alternate take (neither of which has the master’s second overdubbed soprano), reinforces the pivotal weight accorded to the June 16, ’65 session (which immediately precedes the making of Ascension). Coltrane feathered the edges in this rubato-tempo-rubato structure to create a more subtle rhythmic flow, paving the way for the more ambiguous polyrhythms of the late period. However, both the breakdown and the alternate could have fit onto Living Space, issued just months prior to this box set; its absence on the earlier collection and sudden appearance here all but makes the cynic’s case.
Bill Shoemaker
Brandee Younger: Soul Awakening (Self-released)
Paul Bley/Gary Peacock/Paul Motian: When Will the Blues Leave (ECM)
Fred Hersch & WDR Big Band: Begin Again (Palmetto)
Gerry Gibbs & Thrasher People: Our People (Whaling City Sound)
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Magdalen Tasker[1, 2]
Name Magdalen Tasker [3]
Born 1637 Donegal, Ireland
Immigrated America
Died 1726 Somerset County, MD
Person ID I734 Main
Father Colonel Tasker, d. Yes, date unknown
Family 1 Capt. Robert Polk, b. Abt 1625, Donegal, Ireland , d. Apr 1703, Somerset, MD (Age ~ 78 years)
Married Ireland [4]
+ 1. William B. Polk, b. 1662, Donegal County, (near) Coleraine, Ireland , d. 1740, Whitehall, Somerset, MD (Age 78 years)
2. David Polk, b. Abt 1666, Ireland , d. Yes, date unknown
3. Anne Polk, b. 1669, Ireland , d. Yes, date unknown
4. Ephraim Polk, b. 1671, d. Yes, date unknown
5. Robert Bruce Polk, b. 1672, Ireland , d. Yes, date unknown
6. James Polk, b. 1673, d. Yes, date unknown
7. John Polk, b. 1675, d. 1707 (Age 32 years)
8. Martha Polk, b. 1679, d. Yes, date unknown
9. Joseph Polk, b. 1681, d. Yes, date unknown
Family 2 Col. Porter, d. Yes, date unknown
Born - 1637 - Donegal, Ireland
Immigrated - - America
Died - 1726 - Somerset County, MD
Married - - Ireland
From L.A. Lentz p.21
Magdalen inherited half of one of her father's estates (about 300 acres) called Moneen, Parrish of Lifford. Robert Bruce Polk was a captain in Colonel Porter's regiment which served under Cromwell. (Colonel Porter was Magdalines's 1st husband). Captain Robert Bruce Polk died in 1703-4 as shown by his will dated May 6, 1699, on recod at Annapolis, Anne Arundel County, MD.
From: Polk Family and Kinsmen (see complete citation)
Magdalen was the youngest daughter of Colonel Roger Tasker of Broomfield Castle, near Londonderry, Ireland. Colonel Tasker was a distinguished chancellor of Ireland, whose seat was "Castle Hill," near the village of Ballindrate, commanding a view of the River Dale. Colonel Tasker was much renowned for his wealth and honor. His word of command was "Death or Liberty." He distinguished himself in many ways--command, horsemanship and bravery. He always rode a white horse and died after the "Derry Spree." He had just two children, Barbara and Magdalen, who were said to have been good singers. The Taskers were related to the Countess of Mornington and her sister Prudence, aunts to the Duke of Wellington.
When Colonel Tasker of Donegal County, Ireland, died, he owned two fine estates lying near the river Foyle, above Londonderry--"Broomfield Castle" and "Moneen Hall." [Col. Tasker appears to have owned more than these two estates (or one of the estates came to be known as something other than the original name); see below]. The first was a famous estate and according to a statement made to William Harrison Polk, author of Polk Family & kinsmen, by one who was born near it, had on it "one of the finest old castles in Ireland." At his death, Colonel Tasker devised Broomfield to his eldest daughter Barbara and Moneen to Magdalen. Moneen embraced six hundred Cunningham acres with a fine mansion on it. It lay close to the little village of Strabane, in the Barony of Rafo, County of Donegal. Correspondence, in 1874, between William Harrison Polk and the Postmaster at Strabane, Hugh McMenamin, revealed many interesting items regarding Colonel Tasker's estates including the fact that ancestors of the Taskers still retained part of the old estates as of that year.
Barbara, the eldest daughter, married Captain John Keys who served under Colonel Tasker. She had only one child, a son named Tasker, who was born about 1640 and died about 1725. Captain Keys was a close friend of Robert Pollok. The castle on the estate inherited by Barbara fell into decay and a new one called "Castle Keys" was erected by Tasker Keys, greatgrandson of John Keys, about 1780. Captain keys and Barbara went with the British army to India, where he accumulated a large fortune. On their return to Ireland they again occupied their ancestral estate. At a later date, Barbara purchased from Joseph Polk of Maryland, son of Robert and Magdalen, "Moneen," who inherited the estate from his mother.
Magdalen married Colonel Porter, a regimental commander of the parliamentary forces of Oliver Cromwell. The marriage was of short duration. Colonel Porter died and it was said that Magdalen "ran off with one Polk, who was a companion or friend to Colonel Porter," as well as a captain in his regiment. The Porters were a strong family with many connections in that area at the time. It appears that the Porters threatened Robert Pollok and Magdalen. Magdalen, having no children by Colonel Porter, gave up most of the property in the estate of "Moneen."
Magdalen married Robert Pollok before the Pollok family moved to America. It is not known how many of Robert and Magdalen's children were born in Ireland and how many in America. That most of them came to America with their parents seems certain. John Polk, by tradition the eldest child, must have been of age to register the ear marks of his cattle in 1680. If he was aged 18 or so in 1680, then his birth would have occurred about 1662. As women married younger in those days, and Magdalen had been married once before marrying Robert Pollok, it is safe to assume she was probably in her early twenties when she married him. Her birth must have occurred about the same time as Robert Pollok's birth, about 1639. All of the children of Robert and Magdalen were mentioned in Robert's will except Anne, supposedly the youngest child. Why she is not mentioned is not known. That she was born after her father's death is not likely, for Magdalen must have been over sixty years of age at the demise of Robert. The omission of Anne's name may have been because she was dead before he executed his will. It is possible, but not certain that Robert Polk, in his will, mentioned his children in their proper numerical order, Robert coming first, David next, Joseph fourth, and John and William last. However, this is not the order of birth so long recognized by most Polk family historians, such order beginning with John as the eldest son and ending with Joseph as the youngest son.
Colonel William T. Polk, who was born and lived all his life in Somerset County, Md., near the area where Captain Robert Polk and his family settled, and who owned at his death, "Polk's Folly," the original land grant to Robert Polk in the Colony of Maryland, took great interest in the Polk family history and wrote many letters to William Harrison Polk about the family. Colonel Polk was very familiar with the history and traditions of the locality. He was, for many years, the Clerk of the Court of Somerset County, thus having free and unlimited access to the various records available for research. William Harrison Polk stated that Colonel Polk was a man of the highest standing and of unblemished character. What he has stated may be relied on with the utmost confidence. In a letter of October 1874, Colonel Polk writes about three items the Polloks brought from Ireland to America: "The first was a large quarto bible, containing the Old and New Testaments, and an old version of the Psalms. The spelling was antique and the punctuation queer. The date on the title page was 1669. That on the Testaments was different. Evidently printed separately and bound up together. Seventy years ago the book was in a dilapidated condition as to the binding and my father had it substantially rebound in calf. It was said that our ancestors hid it in a hollow tree, in the days of the Persecution, after the Restoration, to prevent it from being taken from them. It is said that while one read it, others of the family would stand guard to give warning of the approach of Papists. And truly, it seems that this might have been probable, as the book was very much stained, as though it had been thoroughly saturated with water many times. It was destroyed in 1847, together with the dwelling of my brother and all the ancient recordings it contained."
The letter continued: "The second article is a case containing fifteen square bottles, each holding over two and a half gallons. Since my recollection, the bottles were all perfect, and when all full contained about forty gallons. But General Temperance, causing King Alcohol to retire, these bottles have been used for vinegar and other liquids that would freeze. Hence all have been cracked and most of them lost. I have but two or three of them left, useless except a a connecting link between the present and the past. My nephew, Ephraim G. Polk, who owns the old homestead, has the old case."
The letter continued: The third article is a large brass clock, which, in the case stands eight or nine feet high, with great leaden weights of ten or twelve pounds each. In addition to keeping the hours of the day, it keeps the day of the month and the phases of the moon, and is a repeater. A string may be attached to a lever inside the clock and carried to the foot of your bed. At any hour of the night, if the string is pulled, whe will repeat the last stroke, unless it is within a half hour of the next strike. So you can know within a half hour the time, without rising from your bed. Seventy years ago it was given by my grandfather to my father with the old homestead. When he took possession of them he found the old clock in a lumber room covered with dust. Supposing it to have finished its work, he proposed to a clock-maker to trade it in part payment for a new clock, if there was any value to it. It was sent and when my father saw the clock-man, the latter told him that no man need want a better clock. He cleaned it up for a few dollars. I left it thirty years ago on a farm which has been in my immediate family one hundred and nine years, with some servants, and although it has not been cleaned in that time, when I have occasion to spend a few days on the farm, or when I send mechanics to repair or build houses, if she is wound up, she will run eight or nine days and keep excellent time. My father laid aside the old case and had a new one of mahogany made. This clock was made, I suppose by W. Nicholson, White Haven, which is inscribed on a plate screwed to the face, and there is an inscription, also on the face--'Tempus edax Rerum,' and I find true in reference to our family, for Time has consumed almost everything relating to its early history."
Magdalen must have been very aged when she died, having been a widow for about twenty-five years. If it is accepted that her eldest child, John was born about 1662, and if she was aged twenty-two or so at his birth, she would have been 87 or 88 years of age when she died in late 1726 or early 1727. Some Polk family historians believe she was over ninety years old when she died at her home place, "White Hall," in Somerset County, MD.
Letter below from a genealogy of the Polks entitled "The Pollock-Polk Family," by Stella Polk Gipson of Texas, Vernell Endicott, of Drumright, OK., and Pauline Polk Gilbreth of Mason, TX.
Conney Burrow Road
Lifford Co. Donegal
Ireland 18'4'77
Dear Mrs. Gilbreth,
I have been reading in our local newspaper that you are trying to trace your ancestors from Co. Donegal. In this connection I can give you some information. There was a gentleman who lived in Lifford & who owned a lot of property in that area. His names was Knox Pollock & some of his descendants lived in Lifford till about forty years ago. They went to reside in Castlefin later but I believe that they are all dead.
Now regard of Magdalen Tasker Porter, I know the House well where she was born. It is situated at Broomfield near Lifford not Castlefin near Derry as you thought. The original House is still standing & is now occupied by a family by the name of Maxwell. In the last century it was in the ownership of Tasker Keys who I would assume was a descendant of Magdalen Tasker Porter.
This Home is still in very good condition & is situated on the main Lifford Letterkeny Road. I understand it was called the castle in days gone by & there was a very large farm connected to it. Apparently much of the land has been sold to other neighboring farmers.
Regarding the estate which Magdalen Tasker Porter inherited at Moneen. This House is occupied by the McBeth family. The original Building was replaced by a new Building some years ago & I understand that this was a very large farm in days gone by.
You are right about the name being contracted to Polk. That was commonly used in Lifford to describe Knox Pollock. All the places I have mentioned in this letter are quite close to Strabane which you mention in your letter.
If there are any other questions you would like to ask or if you have any other information about the matter or should you think that Tasker Keys was descendant of Mary Tasker Porter please write to me & let me know. I think this is all the information I have at the moment. If anything else comes to hand in the meantime I will write to you again.
John Sheils" [5, 6, 7]
[S590] familysearch.org (LDS Church), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, (1999-2002 Intellectual Reserve, Inc.).
[S716] L. A. Lentz - Our Heritage, Loula Allen Lentz, (Privately published manuscript. March 1, 1959. 198 pp. 8.5 x 11 in 19 ring binder, green custom impritned cover with gold lettering. Scanned into .PDF format. Cpies of the PDF file may be obtained from John Howell, jhowell@jhowell.com), p. 20 (Reliability: 0).
[S748] Angellotti - Polks of NC and TN, Mrs. Frank M. Angellotti, (Originally published by the New England Historical and Genealogical Soc., 1923-1924. ISBN 0-89308-543-X), p .134 (Reliability: 3).
[S745] Polk, Wm. H. - Family and Kinsmen, William Harrison Polk, (1912, by Bradley and Gilbert Inc. of Louisville, KY. Note: Few sources are cited; probably most complete genealogy (as of 1997) of the Polk family as many, many branches are included Ed and Willa Voyles rewrote this book in 1993 and it was published by Oldbuck Press Inc., P. O. Box 1623, Conway, AR., 72033; ISBN 1-56869-036-3; copyright 1993. This new edition has an index), http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=danbuckley62&id=I3199 (Reliability: 3).
[S746] Polk, Stella & Pauline - The Polk Family, Gipson, Endicott, Polk, (Stella Polk Gipson of Texas, Vernell Endicott, of Drumright, OK., and Pauline Polk Gilbreth of Mason, TX. A genealogy of the Polks with the main emphasis on the authors' family lines.), http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=danbuckley62&id=I3199 (Reliability: 3).
[S747] Polk, Bill - Kansas City, MO, Bill Polk, (Large web site, Kansas City, MO http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/p/o/l/Billy-F-Polk/index.html?Welcome=1054312140), http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=danbuckley62&id=I3199 (Reliability: 3).
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The United States is a world economic power in spite of its surveying and mapping
Posted May 22, 2015 February 22, 2018 admin
The United States is a world economic power in spite of its surveying and mapping, not because of it.
That’s the conclusion of the former Wyoming governor, Jim Geringer, who recently released a report card on the nation’s spatial data infrastructure. With an overall grade of C, the United States would rank behind some 15 other countries. Geringer pointed to Abu Dhabi as an example of a nation that has an excellent spatial data infrastructure, and uses it in almost every government decision and program.
Why is our nation’s surveying and mapping infrastructure as important as it roads, bridges, airports, waterworks and other physical infrastructure? Let’s look at the ways:
The Affordable Care Act, commonly known as “Obamacare,” includes 814 provisions requiring location/geographic/place-based data for implementation. The lack of data, or a geospatial management in the Department of Health and Human Services, could be a factor in the failure of websites, exchanges and other methods of delivering quality, affordable medical attention to those in need.
The federal government wastes $2 billion a year on some 77,000 unneeded buildings, and the Government Accountability Office cites the fact Uncle Sam lacks a current, accurate inventory of the land and buildings it owns, finding existing data is “unreliable and of limited usefulness” and “not current or reliable.”
The lack of uniform national parcel data in United States means no government agency could properly track real estate trends or access an “early warning system” that could have prevented, or at least minimized, the trillion-dollar mortgage foreclosure crisis.
Rising sea levels threaten coastal watershed counties that are home to 163.8 million Americans — approximately 52 percent of the nation’s population — with the number expected to increase by more than 15 million by 2020. However, accurate data and integrated information to enable coastal communities to address many climate, environmental and emergency management issues does not exist. There is no accurate shoreline surveying and mapping data to measure, monitor, verify or validated the alleged effects of climate change. This seriously affects the coastal zone, which is the home of over half of the nation’s economic productivity.
When Congress seeks to reauthorize MAP-21, the current federal highway law, essential are surveying, mapping and other location-based services to plan, design, inventory, assess, operate and maintain highways and transit systems. Vehicle to vehicle (V2V) or “connected vehicle” technology to enable vehicles to communicate potential risks to drivers and avoid rear-end, lane change and intersection crashes requires accurate spatial data. The transportation layer received the Geringer report card’s lowest grade of D. MAP-21 Reauthorization provides an opportunity for Congress to not only leverage investments and introduce new geospatial technology, data, products and services, but also to reduce costs, and enhance safety and efficiency in our nation’s transportation systems.
Pipelines in the United States could encircle Earth 25 times. It is estimated an underground utility line is hit somewhere in the nation every 60 seconds. There were approximately 335,000 underground excavation damages in 2013. Improved underground infrastructure location data would enhance public safety, environmental protection and the economy.
The federal government’s National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is $24 billion in debt to U.S. taxpayers. These losses are in part due to inadequate mapping data, and result in frequent flooding or unwise construction. Current, accurate elevation and structure data, and better use of surveying technology, would help bring fairness, loss prevention and lower costs to NFIP.
NBC News recently reported on technical flaws in E-911 systems resulting in inaccurate location and untimely dispatching of ambulances and emergency medical personnel.
Accurate surveying and mapping – or National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) – can be a matter of life or death. A national program to create such data was launched in a 1994 Executive Order by President Bill Clinton, but it has languished. According to Geringer, NSDI is “not complete and not well governed” and called for a “move into a coordinated and integrated data set.”
mappingpobsurveying
⟵Federal Bureaucracy Much Worse than Devine Outlines
This is the Business of Surveying⟶
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Home Schools Free app provides children with thousands of books; go online to okeereads.com to sign up
Free app provides children with thousands of books; go online to okeereads.com to sign up
May 2nd, 2018 · by Katrina Elsken · Comments:
OKEECHOBEE — The focus of the day was on “one of life’s most important skills – reading,” explained Okeechobee County Superintendent of Schools Ken Kenworthy at the Okeechobee County School District OkeeReads Early Learning Literacy Innovation Summit, held May 1 in the auditorium of the Okeechobee Freshman Campus.
“Our teachers have been coming to us saying our children have been coming to us not ready for kindergarten,” he said. Of those who register for kindergarten in Okeechobee County, only 33 percent are “at or above expectation level” for starting school, he said.
North Elementary School student Mylah Wright shows off the Footsteps2Brilliance app to Okeechobee Mayor Dowling Watford (right), County Commission Chairman Terry Burroughs (far left) and Bobby Keefe. Photo by K. Elsken.
Of the remaining 67 percent, 18 percent are “on watch,” 19 percent are “at need of intervention” and 30 percent “need urgent intervention.”
Students who start school at risk have trouble ever catching up.
Statewide, 61 percent of third graders are not reading at grade level, and Okeechobee falls behind the state average.
A new program available free to every young child in Okeechobee County is geared to help parents and teachers bridge that gap.
“Our mission is to make sure every student is prepared to enter college or a career and to function as productive citizens,” said Mr. Kenworthy. “To get every senior to walk across that stage,” he said, the school system has to start with pre-school learning.
“Kindergarten readiness used to be a judgment of if you knew the alphabet song, you were ready for kindergarten,” he said. “That is not true anymore.”
Mr. Kenworthy said educators have long known it is important for young children to have access to books, but not all children have books in their homes.
He said local surveys indicate 85 percent of parents report their child has access to Wi-Fi in the home.
OkeeReads, a free community-wide learning program, includes the Footsteps2Brilliance app which will get instructional materials into the hands of the students much earlier, he said. The materials are geared to children age pre-school through second grade. The goal is for all of the children to be at grade level when they enter third grade.
He said since they started using the program this school year, 49,648 books have been read by local children using Footsteps2Brilliance.
That’s over 15 million words, he said.
“We need to increase the vocabulary as early as we can,” said the superintendent. Reading, or listening to someone read to them, helps children increase vocabulary.
“Every family with children has free access to Footsteps2Brilliance early learning app which gives them online access to an online library of books in English and Spanish,” said School Board Chair Jill Holcomb.
“We hope every child will be able to start kindergarten ready to read,” she said.
“We started using Footsteps in October with our students,” said Amanda Dodson, Everglades Elementary teacher.
“As a kindergarten teacher, it is helpful for students to have another way to listen to books,” she said.
“They can listen to non-fiction books, and fiction stories.
“The illustrations are even animated for them. They really enjoy it.”
She said the students also enjoy the word and letter games.
If a child does not know a word, all he has to do is touch the word to hear it.
“It’s really wonderful for them to have extra help in the classroom,” said Ms. Dodson.
The materials are bi-lingual, which means the user can toggle back and forth between English and Spanish.
“After working in the elementary level for more than 20 years, I watched students struggle to read, and then the day the light bulb went off and they were almost crying because they were so excited they were able to read,” said Mary Hurley, president of the Okeechobee Educational Foundation.
Ilene Rosenthal, co-founder and CEO, Footsteps2Brilliance, said Okeechobee County is the first model county in Florida’s Heartland to participate in the program.
“In this new word that we live in, we know it is not enough to contain education to the four walls of the classroom,” she said.
“We have to involve the community and the family.
“In 2011, research came out that nearly 50 percent of all children in the nation were entering kindergarten at risk of failure,” she said. “It meant they were one, two or three years behind where they should be.”
She said of the children who start school at risk of failure, more than 80 percent never catch up.
“It became clear that in the early phase of brain development, it is a critical phase for learning language and grammar,” she said. “It doesn’t matter what language you learn in, you need to have those brain connections early on.”
Not every family has books to share with the children, she continued.
“We need to have a way to get thousands of books, songs and games to everyone in the community,” she explained.
“We know that 80 percent of the English language learners in the United States came from Hispanic background.
“We created a system you can use on any phone or tablet,” she said.
The program has a toggle switch which allows the user to go back and forth between English and Spanish.
Footsteps2Brilliance created a geofence around Okeechobee County so that anyone in the county can download thousands of books, songs and games in English and Spanish for free. The books were written by children’s authors and are the copyrighted property of Footsteps2Brilliance.
Public school children are registered at the schools. Families with children who do not attend public school, or who are not yet old enough for school can go online to www.okeereads.com and sign children up for a password to use the programs.
After a child reads a book, Footsteps2Brilliance gives the child the opportunity and the tools to use the characters to create his or her own books.
Ray Chirnside, of Footsteps2Brilliance, said the app allows the user to download one or two books and games, or the whole library. He said this is helpful for those who do not have Wi-Fi at home, and for parents who want the children to have books and games available when they travel.
The app works on all computers, cell phones and tablets.
Jenn Faber, of Florida Children’s Council, said they currently have 15 communities in Florida that are grade level reading communities and “Okeechobee is lined up to be our next community.”
“It’s about bringing together all of the people who want to see this happen,” she said.
Mr. Kenworthy said plans also include expansion of the pre-k program. Through a state grant, the school system to have two new units of pre-k at South Elementary next year.
Publisher/Editor Katrina Elsken can be reached at kelsken@newszap.com
Tags:Featured · schools
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Introducing Harinamakeerthanam and Thunjath Ramanujan Ezhuthachan
April 27, 2018 by Krishna
I am writing this to tell about Harinamakeerthanam and Thunjath Ramanujan Ezhuthachan for those who are hearing these names for the first time. Harinamakeerthanam (Song of name of Hari) is a philosophical Malayalam poem written by Thunjath Ramanujan Ezhuthachan. Ezhuthachan is a philosophical Malayalam poet lived in Kerala around 16th century. He is known as the “Father of Modern Malayalam Language” for the contributions he made in Malayalam language.
He introduced the 51 character alphabet system equivalent to Sanskrit to Malayalam instead of Vattezhuthu, the 30-letter script of Malayalam. According to historians and linguists, Ezhuthachan refined the “style” of Malayalam language and it was during his period that Malayalam literature attained its “individuality” and Malayalam became a “fully fledged” independent language. He also brought the language to the level of the non-Brahmins’s understanding. Ezhuthachan used Malayalam language to challenge the prevailing social conditions. He is known for using his literary works as a powerful tool against the rule of privileged. Ezhuthachan is also considered as a significant voice of the Bhakti movement in Kerala. He brought massive changes and standardisation in the language through his works. He translated the two Hindu epics, the Ramayana and Mahabharata, to Malayalam for the common man with the mingling of the Sanskrit and Dravidian languages (taken from Wikipedia).
Harinamakeerthanam is a highly notable work as it uses all the 51 alphabets of Malayalam and also speaks high about the equal right of all to worship God regardless of religion, caste, gender, body conditions, social status, lifestyle etc. This poem speaks about Advaitha (non-dualism) in a beautiful way. It was a great challenge for me to translate this 51-lettered Malayalam work to 26-lettered English language, but I really enjoyed. I dissolved into each letters during this work and it was a meditating experience for me.
I felt to publish it online in order to make it accessible to people around the world. I approached some online spiritual sites and poetry sites, but I did not get satisfactory response. Yesterday early morning, I felt to self-publish it through my blog https://krishnapriya22013.wordpress.com and quora blog https://www.quora.com/profile/Krishna-Priya-144/blogs so that it is freely accessible to all. I also believe in saving trees and paper 🙂
Krishna Priya
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The LeClaire Group of Marcus & Millichap Sells MJP Self Storage in Loveland, Colorado
DENVER, CO | The LeClaire Group of Marcus & Millichap (NYSE: MMI), a leading commercial real estate investment services firm with offices throughout the United States and Canada, today announced the sale of MJP Self Storage, a 25,375 square foot self storage facility located in Loveland, Colorado.
Conor Reagan, Investment Associate, and Adam Schlosser, Senior Vice President Investments, in Marcus & Millichap’s Denver, Colorado office had the exclusive listing to market the property on behalf of the seller, a local private owner. “The location and quality of this asset attracted a significant amount of local and even national demand.” Reagan said, “With the influx of new supply oversaturating many primary markets, investor demand for assets like this in secondary and tertiary markets continues to grow.”
The buyer, a local investor based in Colorado, was brought to the table by Peter Standley and Boomer Beatty, and the financing was arranged by Phil Gause, all based out of the Denver office of Marcus & Millichap.
“This transaction shows the power of Marcus & Millichap’s unique platform. We were able to move capital across product types and arrange attractive financing for the buyers resulting in a favorable outcome for all parties,” Reagan added.
MJP Self Storage consists of 142 non climate-controlled units of which 125 are drive up and 17 are accessible from interior hallways. The facility was built in 2014 and features four single story buildings that are of metal construction. MJP Self Storage features a 24-hour self-service kiosk, keypad-controlled gate access and 24-hour video surveillance. The facility sits on Highway 34, a main thoroughfare running from I-25 to Estes Park with traffic counts exceeding 12,284 per day.
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Marcus & Millichap Names Chico LeClaire a Top Producer of 2018
CALABASAS. CA | Marcus & Millichap recently announced their Top Producers of 2018 and our…
The LeClaire Group of Marcus & Millichap Sells Henderson RV and Mini Storage in Henderson, CO
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Predicted recriminations come, but are undeserved
It is beginning to appear as though I am a soothsayer. Which, of course, I am not. But not hours after I said the recriminations would start against the Toronto Police on the one hand saying they didn’t do enough when the Black-Blocheads went on their rampage at the G20 conference, and, on the other hand they went overboard and abused human rights etc., blah, blah, blah, the recriminations started and pieces of absurd journalism, like this appeared.
Now, first of all, this is a sad excuse of an example of journalism. It is nothing more than a reporting of the propaganda of a collection of socialist wing-nuts.
This collection of wing-nuts managed to get an audience with a mainstream media outlet that, in itself, defies logic, is trying to make a meal out of the fact the police did their job. Read this quote carefully and think about it. “Camille, a slight redhead who refused to give her last name, said police then rifled through her possessions and found some black clothing. She also had a lawyer’s telephone number scrawled on her arm and an anarchist book in the car.”
Now, I may be little slow, but, if they had black clothing, an anarchist book AND a lawyer’s phone number inked on their arm in case they got arrested, I suspect the police just might have, just maybe, in a pinch, thought they might be intent on committing an offence.
I dont know, colour me naive, but if you write a lawyer’s number on our arm, it is quite likely you are going to do something that might get you arrested, and, you recognize that, hence, the inscribing of the phone number of the one person that might get you out of jail once arrested.
And, if the police suspect that you, might, just might, do something that might be a breach of the peace (Sec. 31 CCC), they can arrest you.
Hmmm, is it possible the police just might have acted appropriately, prudently and professionally? I suspect so. And I suspect the whiners quoted in this piece should have been ignored and not given credibility in the mainstream media. But, hey, that’s just my opinion.
primetimecrime@gmail.com
Damned if they do . . .
At the risk of saying I told you so, well, I told you so.
The insanity visited upon the streets of Toronto yesterday by the so-called anarchists was shameful in the extreme. Toronto Mayor David Miller more properly called them criminals and Prime Minister Stephen Harper was spot on when he referred to them as thugs in a prepared statement.
For everyone who whinged and moaned about the cost for security for the meetings of the most powerful leaders in the world, you have now seen the reason. The frustrating part of that though, is why do we constantly need to do this.
Throughout the day’s news coverage of events in Toronto, we watched as the biggest city in this country descended into chaos, into the very anarchy the police stand to protect us from. And yet, it seems to me the police are damned if they do and damned if they don’t.
When, in a coordinated move, the Black Bloc-heads split off from the main group of loopy lefty protestors and began their pre-meditated destruction in the financial sector of Toronto, the police backed off. They reinforced and brought in tactical-equipped officers and methodically took control.
The mob hit in separate groups in different areas creating a fluid, moving situation of chaos.
Media were saying the police weren’t doing enough, that they had lost control. The reality was that the police were playing a cat and mouse game with the main group of protestors who kept twisting and turning trying to get near the security perimeter where the leaders of the G20 were meeting.
Indeed, as the thugs set two police cars ablaze at Bay and King Street on the surface it may have seemed like that. But the reality was much different.
The initial crowd control for the main protest was being done by officers on bikes and normal or “soft” uniforms. Several thugs attacked a police car with the officer still in it. He was monitoring the protest as police do when the crowd attacked. Other officers not equipped with tactical crowd control gear, got to the car and surrounded it, got the officer out and retreated to a point of safety. That’s when the thugs trashed the car and set it alight.
This You Tube video shows the soft position initially taken by police and the moment things got ugly including the rescue of the officer as the thugs attacked his cruiser.
There’s no doubt the police were taken by surprise by the suddenness of the attack. But, there was no point to standing and fighting to protect that police car. They let the thugs have their way while incident commanders mustered their resources to respond. But all the while, they never moved their perimeter security from the security zone.
The police then gave up any pretense of a soft response as they moved to restore order. They worked well into the night making hundreds of arrests of so-called protestors.
By morning the police were on the offensive. At one raid at the University of Toronto, they arrested 70 people working off a tip. They also seized numerous “weapons of convenience.
At a later demonstration at the Detention Centre, officers fired “muzzle blasts” at the crowd and penetrated and arrested a male identified to media as the “leader of the Black Bloc.”
As the day progressed, police began making proactive checks of people in the downtown core and seized everything from black clothing in back packs to bottles of urine and bricks.
To this point more than 600 people have been arrested. The cat and mouse game continues but thus far, the police seem to be winning the day. There will be recriminations of the police for not doing anything when the Black Bloc-heads were were bent on their destructive tactics. All the while there will be those who will say the police acted too aggressively in responding to the violence.
As usual, the police are damned if they do and damned if they don’t. But, from everything I saw, the police acted with remarkable restraint and professionalism in very trying circumstances.
Tagged with G20, G8, police, protestors, riot, thugs
Security budget anger mis-directed
Much is being made about the upcoming international gabfest coming to Toronto later this month. The G8 and G20 conferences will cost around a billion dollars to secure according to media estimates. Which may or may not be true. As an example, every dollar in salary of every member of the Armed Forces or police officer seconded to the events is calculated in that cost. But since they were going to earn those dollars regardless of whether they were assigned to G8/G20 I’m not sure that’s fair to account in with those costs.
Equally, much has been made about the $2 million man-made lake designed to provide a rural Canadiana backdrop for international media. Turns out the lake will only cost $57,000. The balance is on time, materials and labour to build the media pavilion. But why let the facts get in the way of a good story?
A $2 million dollar man-made lake sounds much better to the baying media hordes desperate to inflict damage on a “scary” Prime Minister.
This is not to say this isn’t a colossal waste of money. At a time when the deficit is running at $48 billion and the national debt is soaring at over half a trillion dollars, I question any public spending that is not absolutely necessary. But, for good or for bad, this country’s government had committed to hosting the leaders of the free world and given the current geopolitical climate, we must ensure their well-being.
But,the irony is that the bulk of this money is being spent not to protect our guests from assassination although that is a part of this. No, the bulk of the money being spent on security for this event will be aimed at crowd control efforts and by that, I mean keeping the anarchist members of the loony left from getting too close or destroying the city of Toronto in the process.
These are the same Black Bloc-heads who keep turning up and starting a riot. They are the APEC-erheads who attacked police lines at APEC in Vancouver. Remember them from the so-called Battle in Seattle. The riot at the Hyatt? Quebec City? Same crowd.
These are the folks who decry globalization, forestry, mining, oil, government, police and just about everything that makes the West the dominant culture in the world and the most advanced society in history, the endeavours of al Qaeda notwithstanding. They worship at the altar of Noam Chomsky and Naomi Klein, the high priest and priestess of the loony left.
These are the people who firebombed a bank in Ottawa and attacked The Bay in Vancouver during the Winter Olympics. These are the people who have not contributed anything to society except to bore us to tears with their theatrics and rhetoric. And, likely as not they never will. They will always have their hands out, living off the avails of the taxpayer who pays twice for these idiots with the extra costs for security to keep them in check.
They are worse than the Chardonnay Socialists who permeate the mainstream media, the Liberanos, Jack Layton’s dreary Dippers and the femi-Nazis like Maude Barlow and her Council of (Communist) Canadians. No, these are the people who believe that the state should take care of everything and everyone and that profit and business are bad words. And, they plan and do resort to violence to try and make their ridiculous point every time.
If you want to get mad at someone for the security costs, restrain from flinging stones at the government. How about tossing some stones, and big ones at that, at the real parties responsible for the spiralling costs for security at events such as the Olympics and G8/G20.
Tagged with G20, G8, Security, Toronto
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Dorie J. Gilbert
CWGS Core Faculty — Ph.D., 1996, Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin
Associate Professor in the School of Social Work
E-mail: dgm@mail.utexas.edu
Africentric interventions, global health and mental health disparities, international development and social entrepreneurship
Dr. Dorie J. Gilbert is Associate Professor of Social Work and African & African Diaspora Studies at the University of Texas at Austin. Currently, she is Chair of the School of Social Work's International Social Work Committee. She served as Visiting Research Scholar at the University of California at San Francisco from 2001 through 2008. Since 2004, Dr. Gilbert has been a Research Associate with the Institute for the Advanced Study of Black Family Life in Oakland, CA and is certified in the African –Centered Behavior Change Model, a culturally congruent model based on the principle of utilizing traditional African-centered philosophies in health and mental health promotion interventions. Her teaching, research and community service center around her focus on evidence-based, Africentric interventions to address health and mental health disparities.
Dr. Gilbert's work extends to West Africa where she teaches an international social work course, Ghana: Social and Community Development and serves as a liaison to engineering students implementing development projects in Ghana's Ashante region. She also serves as the faculty liaison for students completing their final internships in Accra, Ghana.
Dr. Gilbert has received National Institutes of Health, Austin/Travis County and university funding to study psychosocial concerns among people living with HIV, risk and resilience among mothers living with HIV and their children, and community and school-based Africentric interventions. Her recent research projects include Healer Women, an Africentric health promotion program for women of African-descent. Dr. Gilbert is currently developing a Handbook of Africentric Interventions: Evidence-Based and Promising Best Practices documenting the range of nationally implemented Africentric interventions for a multidisciplinary audience of helping professionals, researchers, and scholars.
Curriculum Vitae (PDF)
Professional Interests
Prevention and intervention with women and people of color living with HIV/AIDS, psychosocial adjustment in persons coping with social stigma, child and adolescent welfare and counseling, multicultural practice issues; and cultural diversity curriculum development.
Ph.D., The University of Texas at Austin
M.S.S.W., University of Texas at Austin
B.B.A., University of Texas at Austin
Austin Healer Women: A Culturally Congruent HIV Prevention Model
Project Mother-Daughter Talk (2009)
Service Utilization Patterns among HIV+ Drug Users (2003)
Family Forum/Parents Anonymous, Inc. - A Cultural Competency Assessment (2001)
Welcoming Diversity Project: Evaluation of the National Coalition Building Institute (NCBI) (2001)
Multivariate Analysis of Factors Associated with AIDS Services Utilization Among African American Subgroups(2000)
Telling Their Stories, Claiming a Voice: Life Stories of HIV+ Women (1999)
WGS 340 • African American Family
Meets TTH 12:30PM-2:00PM SSW 2.118
(also listed as S W 360K)
Designed to enable each student to undertake intensive study of selected aspects of social welfare practice. Topics include child abuse and neglect, chemical dependency, African American family, gerontology, and social work and the law. Overview of historical and contemporary issues facing African American families and children. Social service delivery to African American families and communities is emphasized.
WGS 340 • Community & Social Devel-Rsa
(also listed as AFR 374C, ANT 324L)
Fifty years after independence, Ghana has established new priorities around vigorous infrastructure development and enhanced social services and development, with special emphasis on education, child and family welfare, poverty reduction, and health promotion. Through this course, students will gain a sound understanding of Ghanaian social work approaches to community and social development through social service delivery and community empowerment strategies which incorporate indigenous customs, institutions, and values. Students will have the opportunity to examine the role of colonialism, cultural history and social policy in influencing the prevailing societal issues in Ghana and to explore various agency programs, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and indigenous projects that are actively responding to Ghana’s major social service needs. The course will focus on community and social development across various areas, such as poverty, child and youth welfare, women and family services, health and disability services, housing and migration concerns, employment and technology development, and environmental protection in rural and urban Ghanaian communities. The course involves both experiential and classroom learning. During the four weeks, students will volunteer with various NGOs, social service agencies, and community-based organizations as well as meet with members of the Ghana Association of Social Workers and leading community providers. Students will be placed in agencies in the Greater Accra area. The course content will dovetail with the nature of community service in critical ways to ensure that 1) student learning is enhanced, 2) small-scale community needs are met, and 3) students are able to critically reflect upon their entire experience. In addition, students will take part in educational excursions, such as tours of the Cape Coast slave fortresses, Catholic Action for Street Children’s Rural Farm Apprenticeship Project, the Village of Patriensa Computer Technology Training Center, and the Agogo Village Hospital and Environmental Activism Project in the country’s Ashanti region. The course combines lectures by faculty and local experts with journal reflections, field reports, and discussions that allow students to integrate their classroom-based work with their community-based volunteer projects.
AFR 374C • Ghana: Commun & Socl Devel-Gha
(also listed as ANT 324L)
Meets TTH 11:00AM-12:30PM SSW 2.118
WGS F340 • Couns Afr Am Indiv/Couples/Fam
Meets MTWTH 8:30AM-10:30AM SSW 2.140
(also listed as WGS F393)
Varies by topic
(also listed as AFR 374, S W 360K)
This course is designed to provide an overview of historical and contemporary issues facing African American families and children. Social service delivery to African American families and communities is emphasized. This course is an upper- division, social science elective and is open to BSW students as well as other majors and graduate students. Topics include:
* African Heritage and Cultural History
* Africentric Social Work Practice & Theories
* Gender, Sexuality and Relationships
* Family Patterns and Parenting
* Socialization in African American Families
* Adolescent Development & Racial Identity
II. Course Objectives
* Impact of Racism & Oppression
* Health and Mental Health Care & Disparities
* Faith-based and Community interventions
* Housing and Community Concerns
* Education and Employment
* Criminal Justice and Vulnerable Sub-populations
By the end of the semester, students will be able to:
1. Demonstrate an understanding of African American family structures and dynamics from a social systems perspective. 2. Demonstrate an understanding of the historical background of African American families and its impact on contemporary family life.
3. Demonstrate an understanding of the psychosocial dimensions of African American families.
4. Identify specific social issues facing African American males and females, children, families & other subsets of the population
5. Identify and describe the variety of life styles among African Americans and the situational determinants of different family forms and patterns of adaptation. 6. Identify barriers facing specific African American populations, including persons with disabilities, the elderly, women, gays and lesbians. 7. Critique the treatment of African American families in American scholarship.
9. Demonstrate an awareness of value dilemmas and policy initiatives that differentially affect African American families and diverse social service providers.
10. Promote social justice by recognizing and identifying ways to address discrimination against African Americans and other oppressed populations.
III. Teaching Methods
Lectures, class discussion, reading assignments, small group discussions and presentations will be utilized to achieve course objectives. Guest lecturers and films will provide supplementary learning resources. Lectures are designed to supplement readings. Students are expected to come prepared to each class and participate in discussions of assigned readings and of supplementary material presented in lectures.
WGS 340 • Ghana: Commun & Socl Devel-Gha
Fifty years after independence, Ghana has established new priorities around vigorous infrastructure development and enhanced social services and development, with special emphasis on education, child and family welfare, poverty reduction, and health promotion. Through this course, students will gain a sound understanding of Ghanaian social work approaches to community and social development through social service delivery and community empowerment strategies which incorporate indigenous customs, institutions, and values. Students will have the opportunity to examine the role of colonialism, cultural history and social policy in influencing the prevailing societal issues in Ghana and to explore various agency programs, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and indigenous projects that are actively responding to Ghana’s major social service needs. The course will focus on community and social development across various areas, such as poverty, child and youth welfare, women and family services, health and disability services, housing and migration concerns, employment and technology development, and environmental protection in rural and urban Ghanaian communities.
The course involves both experiential and classroom learning. During the four weeks, students will volunteer with various NGOs, social service agencies, and community-based organizations as well as meet with members of the Ghana Association of Social Workers and leading community providers. Students will be placed in agencies in the Greater Accra area. The course content will dovetail with the nature of community service in critical ways to ensure that 1) student learning is enhanced, 2) small-scale community needs are met, and 3) students are able to critically reflect upon their entire experience.
In addition, students will take part in educational excursions, such as tours of the Cape Coast slave fortresses, Catholic Action for Street Children’s Rural Farm Apprenticeship Project, the Village of Patriensa Computer Technology Training Center, and the Agogo Village Hospital and Environmental Activism Project in the country’s Ashanti region. The course combines lectures by faculty and local experts with journal reflections, field reports, and discussions that allow students to integrate their classroom-based work with their community-based volunteer projects.
WGS F340 • Couns Afr Am Indiv/Coup/Fam
WGS 392 • Rsch Smnr Women'S/Gend Studies
Meets TH 11:30AM-2:30PM SSW 2.134
This course is designed to prepare graduate students in gender studies and the qualitative social sciences to conduct a research project for their master’s theses or similar projects. We will explore a range of research methods and traditions as well as the epistemological assumptions underlying them. We will consider what it means to conduct “feminist” research, as well as the perils and promise of the more participatory research traditions. Some of the research methods we will explore include interviewing, survey research, case studies, textual analysis, and participant observation.
AFR F374D • Couns Afr Am Indiv/Coup/Fam
Meets MTWTH 1:30PM-3:30PM SSW 2.134
Meets MTWTH 1:30PM-3:30PM SSW
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← Be Stigma Free
Wonderful World of Languages →
Raise the Wage–$12 by 2020
I’ve been a busy little beaver…er…duck today. I guess it’s to make up for lack of activity for the past weeks. I go on petition signing binges sometimes, but there are some I just won’t sign. They pop back up again, after another petition, thinking that maybe I will have had momentary amnesia and sign it anyway.
This is one of the ones that really ticks me off. $12 an hour for the minimum wage by 2020? Really? $12 an hour isn’t living wage now, much less five years from now. And the people supporting this bill:
Senator Patty Murray
Representative Bobby Scott
Senator Sherrod Brown
Senator Mazie Hirono
Senator Patrick Leahy
Senator Brian Schatz
Senator Jeanne Shaheen
Senator Richard Blumenthal
Senator Dick Durbin
Senator Jack Reed
Washington State Democrats
act like it’s a major coup d’etat. Please. Do us another favor.
The Daily Kos has reported the fact that the last raise in the minimum wage was on July 24, 2009. From $6.75 to $7.75. (Sat Apr 11, 2015 at 07:00 PM PDT, Top Comments: Join the Fight for $15 on April 15). They seem to have been advocating a raise of the minimum wage to $15 in many of their articles before this latest stance.
And if the minimum wage were to be raised to $15 an hour, what about the people making $15 an hour now for jobs that require skills above and beyond what a minimum wage job requires? Training, an AA degree or passing a test showing that you meet the Federally required qualified standards for working in a classroom with children? Isn’t there a difference between being an Educational Assistant and, sorry to put it this way, flipping burgers? Will there be a ripple-up effect of the minimum wage increasing, or will qualified people now be exploited? Not that I think people who work in the fast food industry shouldn’t be paid $15–there is no excuse that anyone who works shouldn’t be able to work one job and support their family. It’s criminal that single mothers with children have to work three jobs to try to get by. They need to be with their kids, too. Their kids are our future. I truly hope we don’t mess it up completely for them.
According to http://usgovinfo.about.com/od/uscongress/a/congresspay.htm
“As of 2015, the base salary for all rank-and-file members of the U.S. House and Senate is $174,000 per year, plus benefits. Salaries have not been increased since 2009.”
Leaders of the House and Senate get some perks:
Majority Party Leader – $193,400
Minority Party Leader – $193,400
Speaker of the House – $223,500
Majority Leader – $193,400
Minority Leader – $193,400
Well, that’s nice to know. Except for the ones who have income from other sources.
From the same site as above:
“How much do you think the wealthiest member of the 113th Congress is worth? Here’s a hint: It could be as much as half a billion – yes, we said billion, not million – dollars.
Here’s something else that might grab your attention: The median personal wealth of the freshman class of this particular congress was about $1 million more than what a typical American household earns, which is about $67,000.
That’s according to an analysis of the 113th Congress conducted by the Washington, D.C.-based Center for Responsive Politics.
“Apparently, on the whole, we don’t want people who look like us, financially speaking,” said Sheila Krumholz, executive director of the Center for Responsive Politics.
So who are the wealthiest members of the 113th Congress? Here’s a look.”
U.S. Rep. Darrell Issa is one of the 10 wealthiest members of the 113 Congress. U.S. Congress
1. Darrell Issa: $598 Million
U.S. Rep. Darrell Issa has earned a reputation of being the Chief Antagonist to President Barack Obama. He’s also earned a lot of money in his lifetime. The California Republican is worth between $330 million and $598 million, according to his personal financial disclosure filings.
U.S. Sen. Mark Warner is one of the wealthiest members of the 113th Congress. U.S. Congress
2. Mark Warner: $419 Million
U.S. Sen. Mark Warner, a Democrat from Virginia, is worth between $96 million and $419 million, according to his personal financial disclosure filings.
U.S. Rep. Jared Polis is one of the wealthiest members of the 113th Congress. U.S. Congress
3. Jared Polis: $326 Million
U.S. Rep. Jared Polis, a Democrat from Colorado, is worth between $70 million and $326 million, according to his personal financial disclosure filings.
U.S. Rep. John Delaney is one of the wealthiest members of the 113th Congress. U.S. Congress
4. John Delaney: $244 Million
U.S. Rep. John Delaney, a Democrat from Maryland, is worth between, $65 million and $244 million, according to his personal financial disclosure filings.
U.S. Rep. Vern Buchanan is among the wealthiest members of the 113th Congress. U.S. Congress
5. Vernon Buchanan: $236 Million
U.S. Rep. Vernon Buchanan, a Republican from Florida, is worth as much as $236 million, according to his personal financial disclosure filings.
U.S. Rep. Scott Peters is among the wealthiest members of the 113th Congress. U.S. Congress
6. Scott Peters: $197 Million
U.S. Rep. Scott Peters, a Democrat from California, is worth between $28 million and $197 million, according to his personal financial disclosure filings.
U.S. Rep. Michael McCaul is one of the wealthiest members of the 113th Congress. U.S. Congress
7. Michael McCaul: $184 Million
U.S. Rep. Michael McCaul, a Republican from Texas, is worth between $103 million and $184 million, according to his personal financial disclosure filings.
U.S. Rep. Nancy Pelosi is among the wealthiest members of the 113th Congress. U.S. Congress
8. Nancy Pelosi: $175 Million
U.S. Rep. Nancy Pelosi, a Democrat from California and former speaker of the House of Representatives, is worth between $1 million and $175 million.
U.S. Sen. Jay Rockefeller is among the wealthiest members of the 113th Congress. U.S. Congress
9. Jay Rockefeller: $139 Million
U.S. Sen. Jay Rockefeller, a Democrat from West Virginia, is worth between $63 million and $139 million, according to his personal financial disclosure filings.
U.S. Sen. Richard Blumenthal is one of the wealthiest members of the 113th Congress. U.S. Congress
10. Richard Blumenthal: $121 Million
U.S. Sen. Richard Blumenthal, a Democrat from Connecticut, is worth between $86 million and $121 million, according to his personal financial disclosure filings.
Yeah, I’d be smiling too.
This entry was posted in Minimum Wage, Politics and tagged $12 by 2020, congressional pay, living wage, Minimum Wage, reality vs. idea of what minimum wage should be, what congresspeople are really worth. Bookmark the permalink.
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How to Create Content that Gets Shared on Social
Written by: Jörgen Sundberg
How do you create content that gets shared on social media? To answer this question I’ve had a chat with Steve Rayson, co-founder of Buzzsumo, a social search tool designed to support content marketers in finding great content and understanding influence or amplification. Have a listen to the podcast on iTunes, Soundcloud or keep reading for a transcript of our conversation.
What’s the shift from search to social, “peak Google”?
There’s quite a lot of research done on this. And mostly Google’s still huge, but there’s a concept like peak oil or some maximum oil consumption, things like that. And, looking at some of the data, actually I think it was last year for the first year, that actual numbers or volumes of Google searches actually just flattened or decreased slightly. And, there’s a lot of evidence and research from people like Shareaholic who track about 350,000 sites, and they see where do people visit the sites from. And traditionally, the majority of visits have come from search engines to the sites. Last year, for the first time, more people came from social networks than from search engines. And I think there’s an interesting concept, which is the way social’s becoming a content discovery layer.
I think it varies for all of us, but I know for me personally, I’m probably spending less time inputting terms into Google. I still do it, but I see lots of interesting articles and information come through my Twitter feed, or LinkedIn, or Facebook, and I click on those articles, I have a read of them, etc. So content discovery, a lot of it’s happening through recommendations from friends on social. And so that’s not to say Google’s not important because if you’re trying to find something you’re still going to search there, but as a content discovery layer, social’s really growing, and it’s driving a lot of referrals to sites. And I think we’ll continue to see that happen, really. So it depends how we all do it, or how you do it, but I know for me, I find a lot of interesting articles just appear in my feeds these days, and then I click through.
And, there was a good study last year that the New York Times did, which looked at traffic to their sites. And they found in the past that people came to the homepage and then they would browse, etc. And what they’re finding now is that people visit their content through what they called “social side doors,” which is people see somebody refer to an article, they click on it, they go across to the site, they read it, they go back to their feed. And so they never see the homepage, and so visitors to homepages of sites are actually declining quite markedly. And so there’s all this time spent on designing a perfect homepage, whereas actually people are often going direct to an article and out again. So it’s quite interesting in just how people are browsing the web.
Which social network drives the most traffic to websites?
Yeah, it’s Facebook. Shareaholic probably have the best data, although if you look on most shared, it’s nearly always Facebook shares that dominate. It varies a little bit from topic to topic if you’re looking at leadership and things, LinkedIn’s actually very strong. But across all topics, it’s overwhelmingly Facebook. And interestingly, Facebook is still growing faster than Twitter, even though it’s much bigger, it’s still growing users faster. So but yes, when you look at social sharing, Facebook is absolutely dominant.
Why is it important to find and identify great content online?
I think I’ve got a couple of reasons, really. I mean, the first reason is to understand what’s great content, you have to define what you mean by that, but often we’re looking for content that resonates, that gets linked to, that gets shared a lot. I think as much only as just to understand your audience, because you need to understand what content resonates with your audience. If you’re writing content, what sort of content engages them, what content do they share? So one of the reasons I think people come to Buzzsumo initially and just do a search for the most shared content on a topic, is just to see what type of content is resonating with their audience, and I think that’s one of the most important elements of why you should try and find good content.
I think the other thing is just to keep up to date with your professional area. I think all of us, it’s a bit scary at the moment, we can all become sort of obsolete faster than we ever could before. The pace of knowledge and new things coming out means that we will go to bed and we wake up sort of dumber than we went to bed as new things have been learnt in that time period. So keeping pace is really hard. So the way I look for great content is I just search for what was the most shared content in a topic this week, just so I can make sure I’m keeping pace with it, or what’s trending in the last few days. So I think understanding what resonates with your audience and also keeping track of things are both reasons to be looking out for great content, really.
What’s a step by step approach to creating content that gets shared?
To me, I think, obviously, the heart of it is about the content itself, what’s the nature of the content? And there’s been a lot of research done on what’s the content that people share? People share things if it’s interesting to other people, if they think it’s helpful to other people, or if they think it really is genuinely entertaining, sort of amusing etc, or amazing. So we know a bit about why people share, and so successful content has to hit some of those buttons, really. For me, personally, if you’re in the business-to-business space, I think it’s got to be content with some form of value, which might come from research. It might come from insights to work that you’ve done.
But it’s really got to have intrinsic value to be shared. No-one’s going to share marketing collateral, but people might share a case study about how somebody improved their performance by using a particular tool. I think it’s got to be informative, and add some real value there. I mean, on the consumer side, there’s no question, that content which is genuinely sort of entertaining or amazing, that sort of content gets shared really well. So I think the starting point for me is what’s the core of your content about, and does it hit those buttons, really?
I mean once you focus in on that content, then there’s all the standard things about the style in which you write it, is it really easy to read, easy to scan? They’re much more conversational style these days. But things like formats really matter as well, whether you do that as an infographic or whether you do it as a how-to post, or whether you do it as a list post or a video. Formats matter, and what we see is when we research different topics, in some topics, video works really well. In other topics it doesn’t work so well, and actually a list post works much better. And so we find, from topic to topic, different formats. It actually makes quite a difference. Long-form content typically gets more shares and more links than shorter form content. And we analyse hundreds of millions of articles to look at that, and on average that is the case. There are exceptions, but on average that’s the case. And then there are just simple things like headlines. Headlines really matter, in terms of driving people through to read content and things like that. So it’s worth spending time on, then crafting out your headlines.
All those things go into making a great piece of content, but a great piece of content on its own isn’t enough, really. There’s just so much content out there, people are not going to find your content. It’s sad but true. People just won’t find your content, in my view, unless you actively promote it. And I think that’s the key mistake, often, people do make, which is, you create a great piece of content, but you just don’t spend enough time promoting it. So you have to create content, but you have to get it promoted to get it out there and to get people to see it and share it.
I think you should spend at least the same amount of time on promotion of your blog post or your article as you do creating it. And probably more, it’s probably more shifting towards the sixty to eighty percent on promotion. People do say, if you create good content, people will find it, but I just don’t think that’s true. I think there’s so much content you have to do quite a lot to get it actively pushed out to people. And then if it’s good, people will share it. But you’ve got to get it in front of at least a certain number of people.
What mistakes do you see companies doing in their content marketing efforts?
I think first that point about lack of promotion. I think some people write the content and don’t think about promotion. So you have to think about promotion before you even write the post. How are you going to promote it? Why is it going to be interesting? Which forums, which people would share it? So you have to think about promotion from the very first day, I think, and that’s a big mistake I think people make.
I think the other one is that content marketing, at one level, is very straightforward, but it’s also quite hard work. I mean, what seems to be the key to content marketing is you have to produce good content consistently, and so you have to produce a lot of content on a consistent basis. You can’t just do it for two or three months like a campaign and stop, because you’ll then see traffic drop and all those sorts of things. It has to be consistent. And the people who are really good at it, the one thing they’re always good at is consistency. They’re always driving regular, good quality content, often on a weekly or a daily basis. It seems to me that people underestimate how much content you need.
I was talking to somebody the other day who said, “On our content, we want to be like Harvard Business Review. It’s really good quality content, but you know, so it’s just, we don’t produce so much of it, but we want to be like Harvard Business Review.” And so I said, “Well, do you know how many articles a month Harvard Business Review publish?” And they were saying, “Oh, 10, 20.” And I said, “No, actually, it’s 280, on average.” On average they’re publishing 280 good quality articles. And obviously, big sites are publishing even more than that. So you do need to publish consistently, but you also need to publish a fair volume of content, I think, to build your brand for people to become familiar with it. And I think people often don’t realise that. On the good side, I don’t think it’s super complicated. I think if you just produce consistently good content on a regular basis, you will be able to build brand, you will be able to build traction, and that will grow. And I think there’s loads of evidence for that. But it’s just hard work. It’s hard work in terms of consistently producing good content that people are interested in. So I’d say that’s another mistake, because people aren’t consistent enough, or they simply don’t produce good enough content, or enough content. They might produce it for a month or two months like a campaign, but you have to do more than that in my view. It’s a bit like podcasts and everything else. Once you do them on a consistent basis, people get into the swing with that. So yeah, I think that’s one of the mistakes people make, at least.
How can you write the perfect how-to post?
How-to posts, I think, had a lot of favour, there’s lots of different formats. But how-to posts are good because they, by their very nature, they add value to people. So you know, how to do something on Google, how to use a particular piece of software or something. So a how-to post intrinsically has some value, so I think people like it. So we are, we pulled data from over a million posts recently and just looked at what makes a really good how-to post, and shared that. And I think there are a number of elements to it.
I mean, the first thing is it’s got to be a good how-to post, a how-to post is answering a question, how do I do something? So the starting point is simply what questions are people asking? So there’s no point writing a great how-to post if no one’s asking the question. And so you have to understand your audience, and you can do that in lots of ways. And I’ve worked in a number of companies where you can talk to sales teams, and see what questions people are asking the sales people, or often the support teams, what questions are coming up in support teams, on ticketing desks, etc. But you can also use the web, I mean I quite like, if you search Quora, or you can use Google or use Buzzsumo to search Quora, and see what questions are being asked. So you can literally do a site: on Quora.com, space, whatever the topic you want, and it will show you some of the recently asked questions. So I think understanding the questions that people are looking for answers to is a starting point.
And once you decide on the question you want to answer, my personal view on this is you have to be the best answer. I was talking to Lee Odden about this, and he was saying, “You have to be the best answer,” and I think he’s right on that. Because you don’t want 10 posts on how to do something, you want to find the best post. And so if you’re going to address that question, you know, how to use Google Adwords, how to do whatever it happens to be, you want to be the very best post in that space, because I think it is a bit of a winner-takes-all game. And there might be two or three good posts, but nobody wants another post on it, which is, just, no it doesn’t add any value to somebody else. And I think Neil Patel does this well, in terms of, he tries to produce the comprehensive guide to a topic. So his posts, his how-to is really the one that covers everything. There’s nothing more frustrating to me than I click on a headline, go through and see, well this person hasn’t added any value to what I knew from other posts. So I think if you’re going to write how-to posts, you want to be the best possible answer, so it’s got to be very comprehensive.
And I think the other thing is to have a very clear structure that works for how-to posts. And there’s a whole industry on this called “eLearning,” where people are looking at on-screen instructional design, about how people learn and how you take people through stages. So you get their attention, you explain a concept, you exemplify that concept with an example, you find other examples, etc. Further information, you provide next steps. There is a learning structure that we can learn from when we’re writing content, and so I think how-to posts in particular, you can learn from instructional design principles that are set out in lots and lots of eLearning manuals. But I think if you get them right they’re really good and add a lot of value, so I think that you get a lot of goodwill back if you write a good how-to post, there’s a lot of goodwill that comes back to you because you’re helping somebody to do something. You’re actually helping them develop a skill, or improving their knowledge.
How do you create the perfect picture list post?
I’ve been trying to coin this phrase, “picture list posts.” I mean, everyone knows what a list post is, it’s something that begins with a number, and list posts are incredibly powerful. I mean, I would say I search lots and lots of different topics. I’d say more often than not, list posts are the most shared content formula. People do seem to like sharing stuff that begins with a number. Interestingly the most common number shared is 10, so no surprise there. It’s a bit of a dodo moment when the most common is 10. Although the second most shared number for list posts across the hundreds of millions of articles that we looked at is actually 23.
I can’t work out why 23. It might simply be self-fulfilling, because sometimes Buzzfeed and people use it and other people copy it. It was the bowling lane in The Big Lebowski, that was the only lane they ever bowled in, was lane 23, so maybe it was that. The other thing that’s power are images, and we know people like images. And, the other thing that’s powerful is curation and I think the reason that a picture list post is a sort of perfect piece of content, in a way, is it combines all three. If you do really good curation, so I don’t know, you could just be looking for, what are good examples of a small garden design? Or a homepage, or whatever it happens to be. You do good curation, you create it as a list post and then you have a nice series of images. So 10 images of the best homepage designs or the best way of doing something. They work really well, and you see those consistently get viral shares.
In fact, I was looking the other day, the most shared post on The Guardian, a UK newspaper which is now more global, the most shared post there was a post on over-consumption in pictures. And it was literally 10 pictures about over-consumption in the world. And so they work really well, because I think it is that combination of it’s a list post, it’s nicely curated, and it’s got images. And so the three together work really well. So I think there’s this scope for all of us, in all of our work, to think of where could we use picture list posts as they are inherently very shareable.
Why should you track competitors’ content and how do you do it?
The first part of the answer is, it’s important to track what your competitors are doing. In any world, we don’t need to be paranoid about them, but we need to know what’s working for our competitors. Because we don’t know everything, we can learn from others. So I’d like to see what’s happening with competitors, what type of content’s working for them, what networks are they getting traction on, etc. So it is important to track your competitors, and I think most people do it.
In terms of how to do it, I think there are a number of things you can do. So I would start, obviously, I would probably start with Buzzsumo, but I would do a content analysis report. You can put a domain name into Buzzsumo, and we will show you how many posts they’ve published for any time period, what their average shares are. So you can easily see, you do a domain comparison of you and them. So how many posts did they publish in the period, how many did you publish, what’s their average shares, what are your average shares? You will then also get a breakdown of their most popular content formats. We’ll show the average shares for list posts, for how-to posts, for why posts, videos, etc. So do an analysis of what type of posts they’re publishing, which ones are working best for them.
You can also see which networks they’re getting most traction on. Are they getting most traction on Facebook, or is it on Twitter? And again, it varies hugely from organisation to organisation. Whilst we talk about Facebook being huge, if you look at somebody like Moz most of their shares take place on Twitter. So it’s interesting to see where people are getting their traction. So I would start with a content analysis report, but I would also just go to Buzzsumo and put in their domain name. You can just get the most shared content for any domain if you just go to Buzzsumo, type in “Buzzsumo.com,” or any domain you want, and we’ll simply show you the most shared content for that site. So it’s great, you can see the most shared content, you can filter it for the last week, the last month, whatever you want.
But it does more than that, it shows you the headlines, and then what’s even more important is it shows you how it got amplified. So you can also then see who linked to that content, and you can also see who shared it. And I think they’re two quite important things in terms of understanding who’s linking to and who’s sharing your competitors content, because they’re effectively the people amplifying your competitors content. And are they sharing your content? If they’re not, I find them a really good list of people I want them to reach out to. So if there’s a close competitor, and I’ve got a list there which I can export of say 500 people who shared it, they might be people I want to target with a Twitter tailored audience ad, or I might just want to start building relationships with, because they shared something very relevant and I want to sort of engage them in my content.
But also set up content alerts. You can set up content alerts, again, within the tool, you can set up content alerts to see every time your competitor is mentioned. And so we scour the whole of the web. Our alerts tool is probably the best feature at Buzzsumo in my view. So if you put Buzzsumo in as an alert, or Link Humans, we will alert you every time that’s mentioned in any blog post, any piece of content on the web, typically within five or 10 minutes of it being published. We’re very fast on picking things up. And so you can see when your competitors are being mentioned, and whether you should be mentioned, but you can also set up an alert for your competitor’s domain, and so we can simply alert you every time they publish new content. Or we can alert you every time they publish new content that gets more than a certain number of shares. So every time they publish content that gets more than 100 shares, or 1000 shares, or 10,000 shares. So as soon as they’ve got breakout content, we can alert you so you can see really quickly and then respond quickly to what they’re doing.
So in my view they’re the sorts of things you should be doing so you can understand your competitors’ content marketing, what’s working for your competitors’ content marketing. What are they publishing, what do they have with shares, what are the topics, the top authors. But more importantly who’s amplifying it, and can you use those amplifiers to help amplify your own content? So that’s some of the things that I do all the time, looking at competitors.
Why do we need employee personalities in social marketing?
I suppose on social, and I may be atypical, I don’t know. But I typically only follow people back on Twitter or follow people on Twitter if they’ve got a face and they’re a human. I like to interact with people, really, rather than brands. I mean brands do publish stuff, and there’s obviously people behind brands, but I think there’s a very personal side of social which is about human contact, human interaction. So I think you do need to promote individuals. And I think sometimes those individuals can have as big of an impact, almost, as the brands themselves. And we talked about Moz, but we know someone like, Rand Fishkin for example, at Moz. He probably has as many followers as the Moz Twitter account, I suspect, I don’t know.
But those people are the personality. The come across as the people you can engage with on a very human level. So I think sometimes you see people not making use of real people to advocate on behalf of the brand. Obviously you need the brand to count, as well, but I personally think that people are just so important, really, and it’s often the people who are the real influencers, and the people that people connect with and understand. And I think that you like to see people share other content, don’t you? It’s not just sharing work content. Somebody to say, “I’m in San Francisco today and the weather is X, etc.” It’s a very human sort of interaction and I think that’s important on social.
What I don’t see often with brands is them engaging their staff in sharing and engaging, really, on social media. And often I’ll see a brand and I’ll look at something for somebody, and it’s had 100 shares, or 50 shares, but often you think, “Well, you’ve got 1,000 employees.” I mean, I did some analysis for the last election, and there’s a party over in the UK here called the Liberal Democrat Party. And sometimes their post from their official site was only getting like 30 shares, and then I had a look at it, and virtually none of their own MPs were sharing the content. And you think, well, if your own staff and your own people aren’t sharing your content, is anybody else going to share it?
Interestingly, here in the UK there’s another party called UKIP. They did incredibly well. Their content, on average on their site, they were getting something like 20,000 shares for a piece of content, which was similar to The Guardian. And that was just from their own site. And so they were really engaging people and getting people to do it through social networks, and I think UKIP were quite interesting, because they probably did that better than any other party, I think, in the UK general election. And obviously they didn’t win lots of seats, but they won over four million votes. And this was really, I suppose, their first real election.
I think there’s huge potential to get staff engaged, and to share some of your content, and then expand your reach. I know there are difficulties sometimes with people engaging on social media and confidentiality and those things, but, as a general rule I think there’s huge scope to get staff engaged a lot more and to help promote content and engage with customers. So I think it’s just underused at the moment.
I see a number of the tools [Hootsuite, LinkedIn Elevate, Dynamic Signal] now allowing you to create almost, like, approved tweets? So you can create essentially an approved tweet library and then your staff select from those tweets. But they don’t have to publish each one, but they can select a tweet that they like, or add a little bit to it. And that makes a degree of sense, as well, I think, in terms of having some sort of approved tweets if you’re in a sensitive area.
What companies are doing content marketing right?
I Freaking Love Science, which is of course something else, is an incredibly big viral site. And they’ve published short-form content which goes viral, and I’m really interested because long-form content typically works better, but they’re the exception to the rule, really. But what they do is find amazing scientific facts, so they’ll choose something which is quite amazing. The size of a comet compared to the size of Los Angeles, and they’ll compare the two. And it’s just got the one image with two paragraphs of text, but they just focus on a simple concept and it’s really explained well in an image or a video. And on average, last year, I was looking at their content, and they were getting 30,000 shares average per post, so it’s huge. I mean that’s the equivalent of Buzzfeed, and even slightly higher, I think.
But what they’re doing is short-form viral content just by focusing on a single scientific concept, and then a single image of video. People love that sort of content, and you only have to see their Facebook page. It’s at twenty one million likes, so those guys really got that right. And primarily it’s not their content, primarily they’re curating content, you’ll see the videos come from National Geographic, or the come from YouTube or somewhere, or the image comes from somebody else that they credit. What they’re really good at is curating content which will be of interest to people, and it’s often about new scientific discoveries, or new kinds of treatments, whatever it happens to be, or something in astronomy. But they’re really good at curating content that people are going to be interested in. So it’s often interesting, amazing, etc. I’m really interested in what they’re doing, because it’s short-form content, which is unusual in the way it works, but it works fantastically well, so I’m thinking of doing some of my own posts of short-form content like that and seeing whether I can get that to work myself.
I like the way Country Outfitter in the US use quizzes to engage their audience, and I think that’s really quite interesting. So quizzes get shared a lot, people like to find out what they know, or quizzes about themselves. So obviously quizzes is a really viral form of content. And they’re using it really as a brand. So they’re basically saying we’re country people, so they might have a quiz on country music, or do you know this, do you know that, etc. about their particular state or locality. And they get huge numbers of shares on that. And it’s just interesting the way they use quizzes a lot to engage with their audience. I think a lot of brands don’t use that type of content. For me that’s another interesting use in terms of different types of content.
People like PlayBuzz are doing well with quizzes, but they’ve also started to focus on interactive content. And I think we may see more interactive content in the future, so a big one they did recently was just flip cards. Literally it’s an image of an actor from a film, you click on it, and it flips round and it shows you what they look like in real life, which is often radically different.
And I think we’re seeing more interactive content of that type, as well, so whether it’s quizzes or flip cards, etc. I think we’re gonna see more interactive content that people engage with as opposed to just sort of text format content. I mean, video to a degree, can be interactive, but I see a lot of people are doing interesting things, and the technology’s going to allow us to do more of that in the future. So I suspect we’ll see more interactive content.
What will happen over the next three years in the world of content marketing?
God, three years, that’s a long time in this world, but I don’t see the social stuff slowing down. I think it’ll just become part of the norm that people use social. I do think we’ll see more about social as this, what I will call a content discovery layer. So yes we’ll have search engines, but we’re already having very specific types of search engines. So I don’t know, you go to Airbnb for property, or you go to a different site for, you know, a property site, for searching for that. So we get different types of search.
Facebook search is really interesting and growing, there’s a lot of power now in Facebook’s search, so you can search for stuff that’s being shared there. And interesting, there was an article out a few weeks ago saying, “I think millennial kids these days get most of their news through Facebook rather than from other sources.”
And I think the way people almost, I mean I suppose I consider, like, a personal learning network, really. I mean, I don’t about you, but I follow whole Twitter lists of people who I think share interesting stuff. And they almost act as my newspaper, my curators. I mean, obviously The Guardian have editors, and they curate interesting content on science and technology. But I can create my own Twitter list, or my own other list of people, of 10 people I think are really interested in, I don’t know, growth hacking, or the sharing economy. And they really become my editors. They curate content for me and I look at what they’re sharing, and I don’t think I’m unusual in that, in that people are starting to almost put together their own little groups of editors via social and then look at stuff that they’re sharing. Because none of us have got the time to see everything, but if I follow 10 experts in growth hacking, they’ll probably re-share something if it’s important and I need to see it, so they almost act as my editors in a way.
I think this whole layer about social, how social networks work, I think we’re just seeing it develop, I’m not sure which direction it will go, but I do think we’ll see more content discovery via social, whether it’s through those peer networks or just through friends. Obviously search will remain really important if I want to find a restaurant or anything, that’s great.
But there are some limitations to Google, dare I say, in the sense that Google’s based on authority sites. So I don’t know, you type “eLearning” into Google, number one will be Wikipedia, I can almost guarantee, although search results vary a little bit, I can almost guarantee Wikipedia number one, because it’s based on authority. I could click news, but I often get a lot of press rubbish in there. If I’m a professional in that space, I might just say, “Well, what’s the most shared content? What are my peers sharing this week about eLearning?” Okay, it’s not necessarily authoritative content in the same sense that Google ranks it on authority, but it equally has value, I think, to see what my peers are sharing in this space this week or last week. So I think we’ll just find different forms of the way people discover content, I think it’s gonna be interesting over the next couple of years.
Connect with Steve on Twitter @SteveRayson .
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Justia › US Law › Case Law › Federal Courts › Courts of Appeals › Tenth Circuit › 1979 › United States of America, Plaintiff-appellant, v. City of Mcalester, Oklahoma, A/k/a City of South M...
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United States of America, Plaintiff-appellant, v. City of Mcalester, Oklahoma, A/k/a City of South Mcalester,oklahoma, Charley Chiusana, J. T. Hall, A/k/a Joe Turnerhall, Jim Burrows, Earnest Berry, Phillip Orlandees, Joewhitefield, Don Ketcham, Bill Lyons, and Unknown Lessees,licensees, and Permittees, Defendants-appellees, 604 F.2d 42 (10th Cir. 1979)
US Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit - 604 F.2d 42 (10th Cir. 1979)
Argued Aug. 9, 1978. Decided Aug. 14, 1979
Maryann Walsh, Atty., Dept. of Justice, Washington, D. C. (Peter R. Taft, Asst. Atty. Gen., Washington, D. C., Richard A. Pyle, U. S. Atty., Muskogee, Okl., and Jacques B. Gelin, Atty., Dept. of Justice, Washington, D. C., on the brief), for plaintiff-appellant.
Donald R. Hackler, City Atty., McAlester, Okl., for defendants-appellees.
Before SETH, Chief Judge, and HOLLOWAY, McWILLIAMS, BARRETT, DOYLE, McKAY and LOGAN, Circuit Judges, sitting en banc.
HOLLOWAY, Circuit Judge.
The United States appeals from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma, 410 F. Supp. 848, holding valid an easement for a municipal waterworks obtained by the City of McAlester over lands owned by the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations (the Nations), and denying declaratory and injunctive relief.
At the request of the Secretary of the Interior the United States brought this action in its own right1 and in its fiduciary capacity2 on behalf of the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations against the City of McAlester, a/k/a City of South McAlester (McAlester), and other named and unnamed defendants. The United States sought: (1) a judicial determination that an easement over 2,535.8 acres of tribal lands for the purpose of a watershed, basin, and waterworks system obtained by McAlester on January 31, 1903, was invalid; (2) to quiet title in the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations to the tribal lands in question; (3) an injunction against McAlester preventing it from issuing permits, leases, licenses, and otherwise using the tribal lands without authority; and (4) damages for unauthorized use of the lands. The trial court held that the easement for the waterworks was valid and all relief sought by the Government was denied. The Government appealed.
An earlier opinion of a panel of this court reversed the trial court's judgment and held that the Curtis Act, 30 Stat. 495, a special 1898 statute dealing with the Five Civilized Tribes, did not authorize condemnation of the easement over the unallotted tribal lands in question; that the Government was an indispensable party which had not been joined in the 1903 proceeding; and that therefore the 1903 judgment was void. We decided to reconsider these important questions En banc.
* THE 1903 CONDEMNATION SUIT AND THE TRIAL COURT'S RULING OF
VALIDITY OF THE EASEMENT
On January 31, 1903, condemnation proceedings which gave rise to the easement in question took place in the Central District of the United States Court in the Indian Territory. The Nations in that case, number 3293, styled City of South McAlester v. The Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations of Tribes of Indians, stipulated that the value of all the lands sought to be condemned by the City3 was in accordance with the appraisal of the Dawes Commission, and that the Commission's appraisal of $6,515.00 was fair and reasonable compensation for the easement to be taken. They also waived any right of appeal from the judgment to be entered on a jury verdict in accordance with the stipulation.
The jury in that action returned a verdict in favor of McAlester, awarding $6,515.00 in compensation to the Nations. The court entered judgment granting McAlester an easement over 2,535.8 acres for (II R. 117):
the purpose of a watershed and basin and erecting, maintaining and using a water-works system for said plaintiff, the City of South McAlester, to have and to hold and possess said easement so long as the same shall be used for the purposes heretofore set out.
There was testimony at trial that the primary use of the watershed easement acquired from the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations is to serve as the primary water supply source for the City of McAlester. Two lakes, a filtration plant and the main transmission line from the plant to the City are located on the watershed. (I R. 13-14).
In 1950 the Nations brought a suit against the City to quiet title to the 2,535.8 acres in question in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma. In 1951 the Choctaw Nation moved to join the United States as a party defendant. After an order for such joinder, the Government moved to dismiss on the ground that it had not consented to be sued. That action was dismissed as to the United States on this ground and judgment was entered between the original parties determining that the Nations were the owners of fee simple title to the lands, subject to the easement of the City for the purposes of a watershed and basin so long as they were used for such purposes.4
As noted, the instant suit was brought in 1975 by the Government on behalf of the Nations to quiet title to the lands in question against claims by the City, to declare the easement invalid, and for injunctive relief and damages for unauthorized uses of the lands. The trial court ruled that the United States was an indispensable party to the 1903 condemnation action and that the Government had met its burden of proving its absence from that proceeding. 410 F. Supp. at 854. Nevertheless, the court held that the condemnation was authorized by 25 U.S.C. § 357 (permitting condemnation of allotted lands), and that even if the Government had been a party it could not have prevented the condemnation.
The court also found that none of the uses of the lands challenged by the Nations is inconsistent with the primary purpose of the easement to serve as a watershed and basin. The court held that the Nations are owners of fee simple title to the lands in question, subject only to the City's easement for the purpose of a watershed and basin and for erecting, maintaining and using a waterworks system so long as the easement is used for such purpose.
The Government's appeal presents three principal issues: (1) whether the Government was an indispensable party to the 1903 condemnation suit in which it was not joined; (2) whether the Curtis Act authorized the condemnation of the tribal lands involved; and (3) whether the City has made improper uses of the land for non-watershed purposes.
THE QUESTIONS OF INDISPENSABILITY OF THE UNITED STATES TO
THE 1903 CONDEMNATION AND OF CONGRESSIONAL
AUTHORIZATION OF THE PROCEEDING
* In the trial court the parties agreed, and the court found, that the United States was an indispensable party to the 1903 condemnation suit and that the Government was not made a party to that proceeding.5 However on appeal the Government says that our first question is "(w)hether the City could condemn unallotted tribal land without joining the United States as an indispensable party." (Brief for the United States, 2). Proposition I of the Government's argument is that the trial court erred in holding that the City could condemn unallotted tribal land without joining the United States, an indispensable party. (Id. at 6). Since the issue is fundamental to the power of the court to enter a valid condemnation judgment, see United States v. Candelaria, 271 U.S. 432, 443, 46 S. Ct. 561, 70 L. Ed. 1023, we turn first to the indispensability issue.6
As mentioned, the trial judge was of the view that the easement is valid despite failure to join the Government as a party. The reasoning was essentially that the Government could not have challenged the City's right to acquire the easement, that the Government is not questioning the fairness of compensation paid, and that an actual taking did occur in the proceedings. 410 F. Supp. at 854-55. We are unable to agree with this disposition of the indispensability issue. If, as the Government argues, the Indians lands in question remained subject to a restraint on alienation, and the condemnation was unauthorized, the lands could not "be alienated in any wise without (the Government's) consent . . . " United States v. Candelaria, 271 U.S. 432, 443, 46 S. Ct. 561, 563, 70 L. Ed. 1023, and the Government would be an indispensable party. See also Minnesota v. United States, 305 U.S. 382, 386-87, 59 S. Ct. 292, 83 L. Ed. 235. We cannot be sure what the effect of the Government's participation in the condemnation case might have been. In any event, the fundamental question is whether an indispensable party was not joined whose interest could not be affected without its presence. United States v. Candelaria, supra, 271 U.S. at 443-44, 46 S. Ct. 561.
The indispensability of the Government as a party in suits alienating Indian lands is an important feature of the Government's special relationship to the Indians which "resembles that of a ward to his guardian." Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 30 U.S. (5 Pet.) 1, 17, 8 L. Ed. 25; Worcester v. Georgia, 31 U.S. (6 Pet.) 515, 559, 8 L. Ed. 483. Restraints on alienation have been implied from the guardianship and have also been made express in some cases by treaty and statute. Being convinced, however, that such restraints and conditions for approval of alienation had been removed by Congress as to these particular Indian lands before the 1903 condemnation suit, and that the Congress consented to the condemnation, we must conclude that the United States was not an indispensable party to the condemnation proceeding in question.
The decisions relied on by the Government demonstrate that the presence of restraints on alienation of Indian lands or requirements for approval of their alienation has been the basis of holdings that the Government is an indispensable party. In Minnesota v. United States, 305 U.S. 382, 59 S. Ct. 292, 83 L. Ed. 235, the land in question was held by individual Chippewa Indians. The patents were subjected to a 25-year restraint on alienation, extended by later acts of Congress.7 The Court premised its holding of indispensability on the presence of the restraint on alienation, stating that "(a)s the parcels here in question were restricted lands, the interest of the United States continues throughout the condemnation proceedings." Id. at 388, 59 S. Ct. at 295.
Similarly in United States v. Hellard, 322 U.S 363, 64 S. Ct. 985, 88 L. Ed. 1326, the allotment in question was that of a full-blood Creek Indian which was subject to a restraint on alienation not lifted by the 1918 Act granting Oklahoma courts jurisdiction over partition proceedings. 40 Stat. 606, 25 U.S.C. § 355; See 322 U.S. at 366, 64 S. Ct. 985. The Court referred to the Government's interest as guardian and held that the Government was an indispensable party to the partition suit in question, stating that "(r) estricted Indian land is property in which the United States has an interest . . . Under § 2 of the Act of June 14, 1918 lands partitioned in kind to full-bloods remain restricted. Only if the land is sold at partition sale are the restrictions removed. The governmental interest throughout the partition proceedings is as clear as it would be if the fee were in the United States . . . " Id. at 366, 64 S. Ct. at 987.
Other cases relied on lead to the same conclusion: the Government is an indispensable party to suits involving alienation of Indian lands where there are restraints on alienation and continuing requirements for approval of conveyances, demonstrating the interest of the United States as guardian.8 In Town of Okemah v. United States, 140 F.2d 963, 964, this court pointed to a continuing restraint on alienation of the allotted Creek lands in question and Judge Phillips stated that:
The United States is an indispensable party to any action wherein the relief sought would impair its governmental function to protect the allotted lands against alienation.
Thus, for our purposes the question of the indispensability of the United States as a party to the 1903 proceeding turns on whether restraints on alienation by the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations of these tribal lands remained at that time and whether congressional consent to the condemnation was given. We turn to an analysis of the controlling statutes and treaties and to the 1834 Non-Intercourse Act and the 1842 patent upon which the Government relies.
In addition to relying on the restraint in the 1842 patent, the Government says that the taking of the easement was a conveyance of tribal land in contravention of the following portion of the Non-Intercourse Act appearing in 25 U.S.C. § 177 (Brief for the United States, 11):
No purchase, grant, lease, or other conveyance of lands, or of any title or claim thereto, from any Indian nation or tribe of Indians, shall be of any validity in law or equity, unless the same be made by treaty or convention entered into pursuant to the Constitution.9
This statutory policy has been significantly modified. In 1871 Congress determined that the United States would no longer deal with the Indians by means of the formal treaty-making process. See Indian Appropriation Act of March 3, 1871, 16 Stat. 544, 566, codified at 25 U.S.C. § 71 (1976). This change of policy was noted in Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, 187 U.S. 553, 565-67, 23 S. Ct. 216, 47 L. Ed. 299, and Stephens v. Cherokee Nation, 174 U.S. 445, 483-84, 19 S. Ct. 722, 43 L. Ed. 1041, which state that by exercising its plenary power over Indian affairs Congress may override treaty provisions and legislate for the protection of the Indians.
At the outset, it is important to note that prior to 1903 the lands in question were jointly owned in fee by the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations, subject to a reversionary interest in the United States upon extinguishment of the tribes as nations or their ceasing to live upon the lands,10 Mills, Oklahoma Indian Land Laws Sec. 56 (2d ed. 1924), and subject to a restraint in the 1842 patent conveying the lands that they shall not be "liable to transfer or alienation except to the United States or with their consent." (See Brief for the United States, 3).11 The Choctaw Nation acquired rights in these lands by virtue of the Treaty at Dancing Rabbit Creek, September 27, 1830, 7 Stat. 333, and a subsequent patent of March 23, 1842. The Chickasaw Nation obtained an interest in the same lands pursuant to the Treaty of January 17, 1837, 11 Stat. 573, and the Treaty of June 22, 1855, 11 Stat. 611. See e. g., Choctaw Nation v. Oklahoma, 397 U.S. 620, 625-27, 90 S. Ct. 1328, 25 L. Ed. 2d 615.
These earlier treaties were confirmed by the Treaty with the Choctaws and Chickasaws of 1866, 14 Stat. 765. The Congress then, in the 1890's, determined on a policy to open up the lands of the Five Civilized Tribes to settlement by non-Indians. See Harjo v. Kleppe, 420 F. Supp. 1110, 1121 (D.D.C.); See also Choate v. Trapp, 224 U.S. 665, 32 S. Ct. 565, 56 L. Ed. 941. The Dawes Commission provisions of 1893, 27 Stat. 612, 645, created the Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes to negotiate the relinquishment of tribal title to lands by cession to the United States or by allotment to members of the tribes. See Wallace v. Adams, 204 U.S. 415, 27 S. Ct. 363, 51 L. Ed. 547. Significantly for our purposes, the Act granted the "Consent of the United States . . . To the allotment of lands in severalty." 27 Stat. 612, 645. While this particular consent to allotment is not involved, it is significant because it demonstrates congressional willingness to grant a general legislative consent to conveyances by the Five Civilized Tribes of their lands, without further governmental approval. Likewise, as noted in the House Report accompanying the Curtis Bill, the "(c)onsent of the United States is given to the tribes to convey by deed to any city or town the lands embraced within the limits of said corporation and provide the disposition of the lands so purchased." H.Rep. No. 593, 55th Cong. 2d Sess. at 3 (1898); See Curtis Act Sec. 15, 30 Stat. at 501.
The negotiations which followed produced the Atoka Agreement of April 23, 1897, executed by the Dawes Commission and the Choctaws and Chickasaws. That agreement,12 ratified by and incorporated into Section 29 of the Curtis Act of 1898, c. 517, 30 Stat. 495, 505-13, gave the consent of the United States for the alienation of the tribal lands of the Nations.13
Specifically Sec. 11 of the Curtis Act14 granted the consent of the United States to condemnation proceedings by municipalities for public improvements. It provided as follows (30 Stat. at 498):
That all towns and cities heretofore incorporated or incorporated under the provisions of this Act are hereby authorized to secure, by condemnation or otherwise, all the lands actually necessary for public improvements, regardless of tribal lines; and when the same cannot be secured otherwise than by condemnation, then the same may be acquired as provided in sections nine hundred and seven and nine hundred and twelve, inclusive, of Mansfield's Digest of the Statutes of Arkansas.
This consent of the United States in the Curtis Act to acquisition or condemnation by cities and towns of lands necessary for public improvements distinguishes this case from Minnesota v. United States, 305 U.S. 382, 59 S. Ct. 382, 83 L. Ed. 2d 235. There the condemnation was of individual allotted Chippewa parcels which were subject to restraints on alienation imposed by the General Allotment Act of 1887 and extended by legislation subsequent to the statute authorizing condemnation. Id. at 387-88, 59 S. Ct. 382. On the other hand the Curtis Act, considered together with the Dawes Commission provisions and the agreements cited, authorized conveyances by the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations to allottees, freedmen, purchasers of town lots and to municipalities by voluntary conveyances or condemnation for public improvements. And while some of these conveyances required other governmental approval at a preliminary stage, no such approval beyond the consent given in Sec. 11 was required in connection with such condemnations or voluntary conveyances to cities and towns for public improvements.15
In addition, we note in particular that in Sec. 2 of the Curtis Act, a specific provision required making the tribe a party to any suit affecting its property.16 The Congress was thus astute to make requirements for necessary parties where desired, but the United States was not so designated in Sec. 11 which specified the procedures for such condemnation by reference to the Arkansas statutes.
The Curtis Act, a comprehensive and special statute governing matters in the Indian Territory for the Five Civilized Tribes, controls over the general provisions of the 1834 Non-Intercourse Act, 25 U.S.C. § 177, relied on by the Government. That special act removed existing restraints on alienation and authorized the judicial condemnation without any condition for further governmental participation beyond that of the United States Court for the Territory in accordance with the statutory procedures designated by Congress.17 We are also convinced that this special, subsequent legislative consent to municipal condemnations in the Indian Territory removed the restraint of the 1842 patent in that such condemnations were "with (the) consent" of the United States in the terms of the restraint. (See discussion of the patent restraint, Supra p. 13 and note 9).
We are mindful of the fiduciary duty of the Government to the Indian tribesand of the general view that the United States is a necessary party to proceedings where restricted Indian land is alienated by judicial decree. See United States v. Hellard, 322 U.S. 363, 366-68, 64 S. Ct. 985, 88 L. Ed. 1326. However, we must also consider the language, nature and purpose of the special statute and agreements dealing with the disposition of these tribal lands in the Indian Territory. Id. at 365-66, 64 S. Ct. 985. In light of these provisions and the legislative consent for such condemnation proceedings, without further governmental participation, it may be reasonably inferred that the governmental interests were protected by means other than joining the United States as a party. United States v. Hellard, supra, at 365-66, 368, 64 S. Ct. 985. It follows that the United States was not an indispensable party to the condemnation proceedings.
The Government argues, however, that the authorization in Sec. 11 of the Curtis Act for condemnation applied only to allotted, and not to unallotted tribal lands which are involved here, as the panel opinion held. (Government's Response to Petition for Rehearing, 1-2, 4; Government's Supplemental Memorandum on Rehearing, 2-7). It has been argued that the condemnation provision appears in Sec. 11 which is said to deal exclusively with the allotment of Indian lands by the Dawes Commission; that the historical background of the legislation shows that its purpose was to compel allotment; that if Congress had intended to provide for condemnation of all Indian lands allotted and unallotted it would have included a broad provision therefor as a separate section of the Curtis Act; and that if unsupervised broad condemnation of all Indian lands had been provided for, there would have been a serious question of breach of the Government's trust relationship to the Indian tribes.
We cannot agree. First, the arguments all overlook the plain wording of the condemnation authorization to "All towns and cities . . . to secure by condemnation or otherwise, All the lands actually necessary for public improvements, Regardless of tribal lines . . ." 30 Stat. at 498. The authorization is thus in broad terms and without limitation to allotted parcels. The important provision for necessary public improvements "without regard to tribal lines" could have been limited easily to individually allotted parcels of land, but Congress did not do so. The statute is lengthy, detailed and carefully constructed. We feel that its clear language should not be disregarded and that the provision for public improvements should not be restricted by reading limitations into it which could have been written in, if intended.
Second, the placing of the condemnation provision in Sec. 11 is not determinative. It is true that the section deals in large part with allotments. However, it also provides for several other uses of Unallotted tribal lands such as by stipulating that there "shall also be Reserved from allotment a sufficient amount of lands now occupied by churches, schools, parsonages, charitable institutions, and other public buildings for their present actual and necessary use, and no more, not to exceed five acres for each school and one acre for each church and each parsonage, and for such new schools as may be needed; also sufficient land for burial grounds where necessary." 30 Stat. 497-98 (emphasis added). Obviously portions of Sec. 11 also dealt with several other uses to which Unallotted tribal lands were to be devoted. Hence the placing of the provision for public improvements of cities and towns in Sec. 11 does not demonstrate an intent to restrict the improvements to individual allotted parcels. And, in fact, it would seem impracticable to confine such condemnation for necessary public improvements to individual allotted parcels and not authorize them on tribal lands.
Third, the historical background of the statutes and treaties does not persuade us that restriction of such public improvements to allotted lands of individuals was intended. Such a restriction of the condemnation authority is not supported by the legislative history, although the Government argues to the contrary.18 It is true that one principal object of the Curtis Act was the allotment of land to individual Indians. But it is also true that important provisions of the statute concerned the developing cities and towns in the Indian Territory. Section 14 of the same Act, reproduced in part in the Appendix, went to lengths to provide for the creation of cities and towns and the powers to be exercised by them. And that section refers to securing title to lands "From the tribe."19 (emphasis added). It is thus in line with the scheme of the Curtis Act that unallotted tribal lands could be obtained by cities and towns for public improvements by acquisition or condemnation as provided by Section 11.
Lastly, the concern that unsupervised condemnation of unallotted as well as allotted lands might be a breach of the Government's trust relationship to the Indians is unpersuasive. The condemnation procedure was required to follow Mansfield's Digest of the Statutes of Arkansas. Chief Judge Phillips pointed out in Choctaw & Chickasaw Nations v. City of Atoka, Oklahoma, 207 F.2d at 767 (10th Cir.), that Section 908 of Mansfield's Digest provides for assessment by a jury of compensation for the land taken and that Section 910 provides that as soon as compensation has been assessed by the jury, the court shall make such order as to its payment or deposit as shall be deemed right and proper.20 Thus the tribes had the right to a jury verdict for just compensation, rendered under the supervision of a judge of the United States Court for the Territory.
We cannot say that the congressional choice of this procedure was a breach of trust or that this factor argues for a restriction of the condemnation authorization granted to cities and towns by Sec. 11. "We must presume that Congress acted in perfect good faith in the dealings with the Indians of which complaint is made, and that the legislative branch of the government exercised its best judgment in the premises." Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, 187 U.S. 543, 568, 23 S. Ct. 216, 222, 47 L. Ed. 299.
On this question whether Sec. 11 of the Curtis Act authorized condemnation of unallotted tribal lands, we must not overlook our earlier decision in Choctaw & Chickasaw Nations v. City of Atoka, 207 F.2d 763 (10th Cir.). Although the opinion does not state that the land involved in that case was unallotted, the trial judge there formally found that the "lands involved in this lawsuit were a part of the common tribal domain of the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations, none of which was allotted to members of the Choctaw and Chickasaw Tribes of Indians." 1 Transcript of Records of Briefs, United States Court of Appeals, 10th Circuit, September Term 1953 at 824. Moreover, the court there used language indicating the fact that unallotted lands were involved. The opinion recites parts of the judgment stating that the compensation made was "in full of all right, title and interest Of said (Nations) in and to said lands and grounds." (emphasis added). The opinion also pointed to a trial court finding of authority to condemn "a full fee simple In whatever tribal lands it needed for waterworks and watershed purposes . . ." (Id. at 765) (emphasis added).
Thus, our City of Atoka opinion dealt with unallotted tribal lands of these tribes, just as the instant case does, and decided the question of authority for condemnation under the Curtis Act. There this court held, in an opinion by Chief Judge Phillips, that Sec. 11 of the Act authorized the condemnation by the city for waterworks purposes. We are not persuaded to depart from that holding.
In sum we conclude that the Curtis Act did authorize the condemnation proceedings in question here and that the Act gave the legislative consent of the United States to the acquisition by the City of McAlester of the easement by those proceedings as they were conducted.
THE CLAIM THAT THE CITY HAS PERMITTED IMPROPER USES OF THE
EASEMENT FOR NON- WATERSHED PURPOSES
Finally the Government argues that even if the City acquired a valid easement in 1903, its use of the easement was limited to that which was necessary or incidental to the watershed purpose for which the easement was granted, that the land could not be used in any way which would increase the burden of the easement without permission of the Nations, and that unauthorized and improper activities have been permitted by the City, exceeding the easement. (Brief for the United States, 12-13; Reply Brief for the United States, 4).
The trial court noted that the parties agreed that the City has made the following uses of the property which was the subject of the 1903 condemnation action (410 F. Supp. at 851-52):
(1) Leasing to individuals including J. T. Hall, a/k/a Joe Turner Hall, Earnest Berry, Phillip Orlandees, Don Ketcham, and Joe Whitefield, for the purpose of growing, cultivating, gathering, baling, and related efforts designed toward obtaining and selling hay;
(2) (Permitting) and (encouraging) Jim Burrows and Charley Chiusana to occupy residences upon the McAlester Watershed, which residences were placed there by the City of McAlester;
(3) Leasing parcels of subject real estate to utility companies for the purpose of building antennas;
(4) Issuing hunting, fishing and grazing permits upon and over the subject real property;
(5) Erecting archery shooting ranges and picnic areas; and
(6) Partitioning the subject property with fences.
The Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations have received none of the revenues from these transactions.
As noted, there was testimony at trial that the primary use of the watershed easement acquired from the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations is to serve as the primary water supply source for the City of McAlester. Two lakes, a filtration plant, and the main transmission lines from the plant are located on the watershed. (I R. 13-14). This evidence was uncontradicted. Thus at least a substantial part of the land subject to the easement is used for the public purpose defined in the condemnation judgment, and that use is a public improvement within the meaning of Sec. 11 of the Curtis Act.
The 1903 judgment provided that the City have "an easement in and to, and shall enter upon take hold and acquire the lands described in the plaintiff's amended petition as follows, to wit: . . ." There then follow, under the heading "Description of Water Shed," legal descriptions of 24 parcels of land with the specific acreage of each parcel stated, followed by the total "2530" acres.21 Thereafter an additional description by metes and bounds appears under the heading "Right of Way for Pipe Line and Road way," followed by the statement "Area . . . 5.8 acres." (II R. 117).
The judgment stated that the easement was granted
for the purpose of a watershed and basin and erecting, maintaining and using a waterworks system for said plaintiff, the City of South McAlester, to have and to hold and possess said easement so long as the same shall be used for the purposes heretofore set out.
The trial court rejected the Government's arguments that the City has exceeded the authority granted to it by the 1903 easement. The court stated it must determine "whether each (of the challenged uses) is inconsistent with the easement held by the City of McAlester 'for the purpose of a watershed and basin and erecting, maintaining and using a waterworks system'." 410 F. Supp. at 857.
Applying this test, the court found that the hay permit to J. T. Hall was a "proper and authorized use of the subject lands" and was "not inconsistent nor contrary to the maintenance of a watershed." Id. at 857. For similar reasons the court denied relief against hay permits to others. The court also found that occupation of the Burrows and Chiusana residences by watershed officers for protection of the lands was "consistent with the purpose for which the easement was granted." Id. at 857-58.
It was also found that uses of the easement lands for fishing, hunting, picnic areas, archery and police firing ranges were not "inconsistent with the maintenance of the watershed and that such uses do not interfere with the primary purpose of the easement" and that recreational use of the lands by the public was "incidental to the primary purpose of the land as a water supply." Id. at 858. And the court found that the construction of fences was not "improper" when they do not interfere with the flow of water or thwart the purposes of the watershed and basin and that fences may be necessary to maintain peace, to prevent vandalism, and to prevent the public from entering restricted areas. Id. at 858.
Turning to the pasture leases, the court found that use of the lands for grazing did not "in itself constitute an improper use and interfere with the lands as a watershed" and that pasture leases "may be a reasonable and efficacious method of preserving the watershed." Id. at 859. Relief against such use was denied.
The use of the lands for television and telephone antennas was found not to fit easily into any of the categories already mentioned. However, it was found under the reasoning of United States v. Oklahoma Gas & Electric Co., 318 U.S. 206, 63 S. Ct. 534, 87 L. Ed. 716, that the public and individuals benefitted from the telephone antenna and that leases for the antenna did not obstruct or interfere with the watershed easement, that the television antenna supported a public recreational service, that the leases for both telephone and television antennas were not inconsistent with use of the lands as a watershed easement and basin, and that such construction did not injure the fee title interest of the Indian Nations. Id. at 860.
For these reasons all relief against the challenged uses of the easement lands was denied. The Government claims error, arguing that the uses in question were not necessary or incidental to the watershed easement granted to the City, relying on Hudson v. Lee, 393 P.2d 515 (Okl.); Wilcox Oil Co. v. Bradberry, 208 Okl. 546, 257 P.2d 1096; and Town of Ft. Cobb v. Robinson, 193 Okl. 660, 143 P.2d 122. Because we feel that the trial court was principally relying on the test whether the uses in question were improper or inconsistent with the watershed easement, which we conclude was an improper test to apply with respect to these claims of the Indian Nations, we remand this issue for reconsideration by the trial court.
Although federal law governs the conveyance of the tribal property, in the absence of a contrary statutory indication state law determines issues relating to the scope of an easement over tribal property once granted. United States v. Oklahoma Gas & Electric Co., 318 U.S. 206, 209-210, 63 S. Ct. 534, 87 L. Ed. 716. Thus we must focus primarily on Oklahoma law dealing with rights of the parties where such an easement exists.
Probably the case closest to our problem is Town of Ft. Cobb v. Robinson, 193 Okl. 660, 143 P.2d 122. There conveyance was made to the City of approximately two acres of land "to be used for the purpose of exploring for water." Subsequent owners of the land brought a quiet title action against the City, in part challenging its right to build a fence around the two acres. The trial court ordered removal of the fence but the Oklahoma Supreme Court reversed. Referring to the action as one to enjoin improper use of an easement, the Court stated (Id. at 123):
(2) The conveyance of an easement gives to the grantee all such rights as are incident or necessary to the reasonable and proper enjoyment of the easement.
(3) Where the easement requires for its enjoyment a use of the land permanent in its nature and practically exclusive the right conveyed is inconsistent with the concurrent occupancy by a grantor or his assigns . . .
The Court said further that the City had drilled wells and used the premises for production of water, that stock of the plaintiffs had begun to molest the defendant's wells and equipment, that the defendant had then had the two acres fenced, and that if the evidence showed it was necessary to protect the water supply by erection of a fence, the exercise of this discretion "was a proper use reasonably incident to the easement." 143 P.2d at 123. The Oklahoma Court again referred to the rights obtained by the grant of an easement as being those "incident or necessary to the reasonable and proper enjoyment of the easement" in Hudson v. Lee, 393 P.2d 515, 518-19 (Okl.); See also City of Elk City v. Coffey, 562 P.2d 160, 163 (Okl.Ct.App.).
It is true that United States v. Oklahoma Gas & Electric Co., 318 U.S. 206, 63 S. Ct. 534, 87 L. Ed. 716, gives some support to the test applied by the trial court. In determining whether a private electric transmission line was properly permitted by the State of Oklahoma to be constructed on its highway easement across allotted Indian lands, the Court there did say that the transmission line would not endanger highway travel, that bringing in electric power was as essential as many other uses of the highway, and that the State had permitted no use which would obstruct or interfere with the use for which the highway was established. Id. at 211, 63 S. Ct. 534. The trial court thus had a plausible reason for its analysis based on whether the uses in question here were "inconsistent" with the watershed easement, or were "improper," or whether such uses "interfere" with the use of the lands as a watershed. However, the subsequent Ft. Cobb and Hudson opinions of the Oklahoma Court seem to define the test rather clearly in terms of what is "incident or necessary to the reasonable and proper enjoyment of the easement." 143 P.2d at 123. See also Ponca City v. Drummond, 94 Okl. 138, 221 P. 466, 467 (Okl.1923).
For these reasons we conclude that the findings, the conclusions and the portion of the judgment pertaining to the challenged uses of the easement should be vacated and the case should be remanded on this issue for reconsideration. The trial court can decide what further proceedings may be necessary to determine whether the uses in question are incident or necessary to the reasonable and proper enjoyment of the watershed easement and the pipeline and roadway easement of the City and, if any such uses be found unauthorized, then the proper relief to be granted.
We note one further point pertinent to the remand. The condemnation judgment (II R. 117) separately states the "Description of Water Shed" of 2530 acres and the description in metes and bounds of the "Right of Way for Pipe Line and Road Way" of 5.8 acres. As the Ft. Cobb opinion illustrates, the nature and extent of rights under a watershed easement may be greater than those incident to a pipeline and roadway easement. Compare 3 Nichols, Law of Eminent Domain, Sec. 11.207(4), With id. Sections 11.203 and 11.206. While this circumstance has not been pointed out by the parties, we feel it should be taken into account on remand for whatever proper effect it should be given.
Accordingly, we affirm the trial court's judgment as to the holding that the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations own the fee simple title to the described lands, subject to the easement of the City of McAlester, and we affirm the ruling of the trial court that the easement of the City is valid. The findings, conclusions and judgment of the trial court are vacated with respect to the claims of improper uses of the easement by the City and the cause is remanded for reconsideration of those claims as provided herein.
The Curtis Act, Act of June 28, 1898, 30 Stat. 495 Et seq., provides in part as follows:
SEC. 11. That when the roll of citizenship of any one of said nations or tribes is fully completed as provided by law, and the survey of the lands of said nation or tribe is also completed, the commission heretofore appointed under Acts of Congress, and known as the "Dawes Commission," shall proceed to allot the exclusive use and occupancy of the surface of all the lands of said nation or tribe susceptible of allotment among the citizens thereof, as shown by said roll, giving to each, so far as possible, his fair and equal share thereof, considering the nature and fertility of the soil, location, and value of same; but all oil, coal, asphalt, and mineral deposits in the lands of any tribe are reserved to such tribe, and no allotment of such lands shall carry the title to such oil, coal, asphalt, or mineral deposits; And all town sites shall also be reserved to the several tribes, and shall be set apart by the commission heretofore mentioned as incapable of allotment. There shall also be reserved from allotment a sufficient amount of lands now occupied by churches, schools, parsonages, charitable institutions, and other public buildings for their present actual and necessary use, and no more, not to exceed five acres for each school and one acre for each church and each parsonage, and for such new schools us may be needed; also sufficient land for burial grounds where necessary. When such allotment of the lands of any tribe has been by them completed, said commission shall make full report thereof to the Secretary of the Interior for his approval: Provided, That nothing herein contained shall in any way affect any vested legal rights which may have been heretofore granted by Act of Congress, nor be so construed as to confer any additional rights upon any parties claiming under any such Act of Congress: Provided further, That whenever it shall appear that any member of a tribe is in possession of lands, his allotment may be made out of the lands in his possession, including his home if the holder so desires: Provided further, That if the person to whom an allotment shall have been made shall be declared, upon appeal as herein provided for, by any of the courts of the United States in or for the aforesaid Territory, to have been illegally accorded rights of citizenship, and for that or any other reason declared to be not entitled to any allotment, he shall be ousted and ejected from said lands; that all persons known as intruders who have been paid for their improvements under existing laws and have not surrendered possession thereof who may be found under the provisions of this Act to be entitled to citizenship shall, within ninety days thereafter, refund the amount so paid them, with six per centum interest, to the tribe entitled thereto; and upon their failure to do so said amount shall become a lien upon all improvements owned by such person in such Territory, and may be enforced by such tribe; and unless such person makes such restitution no allotments shall be made to him: Provided further, That the lands allotted shall be nontransferable until after full title is acquired and shall be liable for no obligations contracted prior thereto by the allottee, and shall be nontaxable while so held: Provided further, That all towns and cities heretofore incorporated or incorporated under the provisions of this Act are hereby authorized to secure, by condemnation or otherwise, all the lands actually necessary for public improvements, regardless of tribal lines; and when the same cannot be secured otherwise than by condemnation, then the same may be acquired as provided in sections nine hundred and seven and nine hundred and twelve, inclusive, of Mansfield's Digest of the Statutes of Arkansas. (Emphasis added)
SEC. 13. That the Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized and directed from time to time to provide rules and regulations in regard to the leasing of oil, coal, asphalt, and other minerals in said Territory, And all such leases shall be made by the Secretary of the Interior; and any lease for any such minerals otherwise made shall be absolutely void. (Emphasis added)
SEC. 14. That the inhabitants of any city or town in said Territory having two hundred or more residents therein may proceed, by petition to the United States court in the district in which such city or town is located, to have the same incorporated as provided in chapter twenty-nine of Mansfield's Digest of the Statutes of Arkansas, if not already incorporated thereunder
and such city or town government, when so authorized and organized, shall possess all the powers and exercise all the rights of similar municipalities in said State of Arkansas.
Such city or town governments shall in no case have any authority to impose upon or levy any tax against any lands in said cities or towns until after title is secured from the tribe; but all other property, including all improvements on town lots, which for the purposes of this Act shall be deemed and considered personal property, together with all occupations and privileges, shall be subject to taxation.
SEC. 15. . . . And all town lots shall be appraised by said commission at their true value, excluding improvements; and separate appraisements shall be made of all improvements thereon; and no such appraisement shall be effective until approved by the Secretary of the Interior, and in case of disagreement by the members of such commission as to the value of any lot, said Secretary may fix the value thereof.
All town lots not improved as aforesaid shall belong to the tribe, and shall be in like manner appraised, and, after approval by the Secretary of the Interior, and due notice, sold to the highest bidder at public auction by said commission, but not for less than their appraised value, unless ordered by the Secretary of the Interior; and purchasers may in like manner make deposits of the purchase money with like effect, as in case of improved lots.
The person authorized by the tribe or tribes may execute or deliver to any such purchaser, without expense to him, a deed conveying to him the title to such lands or town lots; and thereafter the purchase money shall become the property of the tribe; and all such moneys shall, when titles to all the lots in the towns belonging to any tribe have been thus perfected, be paid per capita to the members of the tribe . . .
McWILLIAMS and WILLIAM E. DOYLE, Circuit Judges, dissent from the Opinion on rehearing and adhere to our earlier Opinion.
McKAY, Circuit Judge, concurring in part and dissenting in part:
I dissent from the en banc conclusion and adhere to the views expressed by Chief Judge Markey in his opinion for the original three-judge panel which is being simultaneously published. If the court had adhered to those views it would not have been necessary to reach the issues treated in Part III of today's majority opinion. Inasmuch as the court has reached the issues discussed in Part III, I wish to express my concurrence in that portion of the opinion.
The three-judge panel opinion by Chief Judge Markey of the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, which is referred to above by Judge McKay, is as follows:
Before McWILLIAMS and WILLIAM E. DOYLE, Circuit Judges, and MARKEY, Chief Judge.*
MARKEY, Chief Judge.
Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma, 410 F. Supp. 848 (E.D.Okl.1976), holding valid an easement enjoyed by the City of McAlester over lands owned by the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations, and denying declaratory and injunctive relief sought by the United States. We reverse and remand.
At the request of the Secretary of the Interior, the United States brought this action, in its own right and, in its fiduciary capacity, on behalf of the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations against the City of McAlester, a/k/a City of South McAlester, (McAlester) and certain named and unnamed defendants. The United States sought: (1) a judicial determination that an easement over tribal lands for the purpose of a watershed, basin, and waterworks system obtained by McAlester on January 31, 1903, was invalid; (2) to quiet title in the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations to the tribal lands in question; (3) an injunction against McAlester preventing it from issuing permits, leases, licenses, and otherwise using the tribal lands without authority; and (4) damages for unauthorized use of the lands. Jurisdiction was under 28 U.S.C. § 1345.1
The lands in question are owned jointly by the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations. The Choctaw Nation acquired rights in those lands by virtue of the Treaty at Dancing Rabbit Creek, 7 Stat. 333 (1830), and a subsequent patent of March 23, 1842. The Chickasaw Nation holds rights in the lands pursuant to the Treaty of January 17, 1837, 11 Stat. 573 and the Treaty of June 22, 1855, 11 Stat. 611. Historical precursors to those treaties will be discussed infra.
On January 21, 1903, a federal territorial court for the district of Oklahoma entered a judgment, City of South McAlester v. The Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations of Tribes of Indians, No. 3293 (C.D. Ind. Terr.1903), granting McAlester the easement here involved. The easement included 2535.8 acres and was for:
(T)he purpose of a watershed and basin and erecting, maintaining and using a waterworks system for said plaintiff, the City of South McAlester, to have and to hold and possess said easement so long as the same shall be used for the purposes heretofore set out.
The Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations received $6,515.00 for the easement. The only document found concerning that judgment, styled "Condemnation Proceedings," recites that the named parties in that action were the City of South McAlester and the Choctaw-Chickasaw Nations, appearing through their attorneys, who executed a stipulation for judgment granting McAlester the easement. No mention is made of the United States as a party to that action.
In 1950, the Choctaw-Chickasaw Nations brought an action in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma against McAlester, seeking to quiet title to the same 2535.8 acres involved here. The Choctaw-Chickasaw Nations also sought, as the United States does here, to have the 1903 condemnation action declared void. In early 1951, the Choctaw Nation's motion to join the United States as a party defendant was granted. A supplemental complaint was filed and served on the United States. On April 13, 1951, the United States moved to dismiss, on the ground that it had not consented to be sued. On May 9, 1952, that motion was granted and the case was dismissed with respect to the United States.2 The case with respect to McAlester proceeded to a judgment determining that the Choctaw-Chickasaw Nations were fee simple owners of the lands in question, subject to the easement held by McAlester. The Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations v. City of McAlester, Oklahoma, No. 2781-Civil (E.D.Okl. Sept. 10, 1952).
In 1970,3 McAlester began permitting these uses for the easement:
1. Leasing to individuals including J. T. Hall, a/k/a Joe Turner Hall, Earnest Berry, Phillip Orlandees, Don Ketcham, and Joe Whitefield, for the purpose of growing, cultivating, gathering, baling, and related efforts designed toward obtaining and selling hay;
2. Permitted and encouraged Jim Burrows and Charley Chiusana to occupy residences upon the McAlester watershed, which residences were placed there by the City of McAlester;
3. Leasing parcels of subject real estate to utility companies for the purpose of building antennas;4. Issuing hunting, fishing and grazing permits upon and over the subject real property;
5. Erecting archery shooting ranges, and picnic areas; and
6. Partitioning the subject property with fences. (410 F. Supp. at 851-52.)
McAlester says its revenue from leases, permits, and licenses, defrays the costs of maintaining the area. Neither the Choctaw-Chickasaw Nations nor the United States have received any such revenue.
At the request of the Choctaw-Chickasaw Nations, the United States filed the present action in 1975. Following a nonjury trial, the court issued its order on February 17, 1976, holding: (1) that the Choctaw-Chickasaw Nations are fee simple owners of the lands in question, subject only to the easement held by McAlester; (2) that the easement is valid; and (3) that the listed uses are consistent with the primary purpose for the easement, i. e., as a watershed and basin.
The United States contends that the District Court erred in holding the easement valid because the United States, though indispensable, was not party to the 1903 condemnation proceeding. The United States further contends that, if the easement is valid, the present uses of the property are wholly beyond its terms. McAlester argues that the use and enjoyment of an easement contemplates exclusive possession of the land involved, so long as the uses are not inconsistent with the easement's primary purpose, and that the present uses are not inconsistent with its easement.
The dispositive issue is whether the McAlester easement is valid. Ownership of the involved lands is not questioned, and we do not reach the issue of whether McAlester's uses are consistent with the easement.
The 1903 Proceedings
The parties agreed, and the trial court found, that the United States was an indispensable party to the 1903 condemnation proceedings and that its absence therefrom would enable the bringing of this action for a declaration that the easement is invalid. McAlester contends that the burden of proving it was not a party was on the United States, and that the present action is a collateral attack upon the 1903 judgment, requiring that the United States overcome the presumption that the 1903 court had the necessary parties before it, citing Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations v. City of Atoka, 207 F.2d 763 (10th Cir. 1953).
In Atoka the Choctaw-Chickasaw Nations sued the City of Atoka, Oklahoma, to quiet title to a 450.96 acre tract used by Atoka for a water supply, and to invalidate a 1907 condemnation proceeding which had resulted in a judgment, No. 1789, upholding the condemnation and reciting "that no appearance had been entered 'for any of the claimants of the land sought to be condemned, Although notified of this proceeding as required by law * * *.' " Emphasis added, 207 F.2d at 764. The courthouse in Atoka having been partially destroyed by fire, some papers of the 1907 proceedings were destroyed and the papers remaining did not themselves show whether the United States was a party. The Atoka court held that: "On a collateral attack on a judgment of a court of general jurisdiction it will be presumed, unless the contrary affirmatively appears, that all parties to the action were properly served with process." 207 F.2d at 766. We recognize the salient value of the presumption in aid of the finality of judgments and the termination of disputes. There is, however, an important factual distinction in the present case, effective to rebut the presumption.
In Atoka, the judgment expressly stated that all claimants had been notified "as required by law." Though we will never know with certainty whether the United States was properly notified, the language of the judgment itself raised a reasonable presumption that it was. In the present case, the 1903 judgment contains nothing from which it could be inferred, much less presumed, that the United States was a party to that action, or was notified of it, and the absence of the United States appears affirmatively on the face of the 1903 judgment, as follows:
City of South McAlester, vs. The Choctaw and Chickasaw
Nations of Tribes of Indians, No. 3293
CONDEMNATION PROCEEDINGS
On this 21st, day of January, 1903 * * * the plaintiff, City of McAlester, * * * and the defendants, the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations * * * and thereupon a stipulation heretofore entered into be (sic) and between said parties hereto was presented and ordered filed * * * towit:
"Stipulation for Judgment"
"Comes the defendants, the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations, and stipulate to the plaintiff, the City of South McAlester, as follows:
"It is further * * * agreed that of said sum, the sum of $1,628.75 * * * shall be paid to the Treasurer of the Chickasaw Nations * * * and that the sum of $4,886.25 * * * shall be paid to the Treasurer of the Choctaw Nation * * *.
"Executed in triplicate on this twenty-first day of January, 1903.
Wm. Costigan, Attorney for
City of South McAlester.
Mansfield, McMurray & Cornish
Attorneys for Choctaw and
Chickasaw Nations."
And now both parties announce ready for trial, whereupon come a jury as follows, towit (sic):
"We the jury * * * find the issues in favor of the City of South McAlester, and assess the damages to the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations at $6,515.00.
The judgment continues with the court's orders referring only to the plaintiff, City of South McAlester, and to the defendants, the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations. Nowhere is there any mention, by implication, inference or otherwise, that the United States was a party or was notified of the action. The style of the action, the parties named throughout, the recited appearances, the named recipients of the judgment monies, the signatures to the stipulation, the jury verdict, and the court's orders, all indicate that the only parties to the action were the Choctaw-Chickasaw Nations and McAlester.
The United States, faced with the negative burden of proving that it was Not a party to the 1903 judgment, has, in our view, adduced the most reasonable and competent evidence possible under the circumstances. Judgments mention only the parties sub judice, not those absent. If judgment papers totally devoid of mention, direct or indirect, of the United States were insufficient, the United States would be estopped from attacking any judgment that did not contain a statement like: "The United States was not a party to these proceedings." In the present case, where the 1903 judgment papers constituted at least prima facie proof that the United States was neither present nor notified, the burden shifted to McAlester to supply some contrary indication. McAlester introduced no evidence from which it might be inferred or presumed that the United States was a party to, notified of, or in any manner associated with the 1903 judgment.
Accordingly, we agree with the trial court that "the burden placed upon the United States, being a party collaterally attacking a judgment, has been met and that the evidence establishes that the United States was not a party to the condemnation proceedings had by (McAlester) in 1903."4 410 F. Supp. at 854.
The trial court went on to hold that, although the United States must be deemed absent from the 1903 proceedings, the easement obtained by McAlester in those proceedings was valid. With that conclusion we disagree.
The trial court reasoned that McAlester's easement was valid because its 1903 condemnation was a lawful exercise of its right of eminent domain. The court's rationale was that McAlester had the right to condemn the lands, and hence, if the United States had been a party it could not have prevented the condemnation. The court found McAlester's right to condemn in the Act of March 3, 1901, ch. 832, § 3, 31 Stat. 1084 (current version at 25 U.S.C. § 357 (1970)), which provides:
Lands Allotted in severalty to Indians may be condemned for any public purpose under the laws of the State or Territory where located in the same manner as land owned in fee may be condemned, and the money awarded as damages shall be paid to the allottee. (Emphasis added.)
Section 3 of the Act, relied upon by the trial court, provided authority only for condemnation of Allotted lands. United States v. Oklahoma Gas Co., 318 U.S. 206, 214-15, 63 S. Ct. 534, 87 L. Ed. 716 (1943); See also, United States v. 10.69 Acres of Land, 425 F.2d 317, n. 1 (9th Cir. 1970). The statute makes no mention of Unallotted lands. The parties are agreed that the lands in question were unallotted and that, accordingly, § 3 of the 1901 Act furnishes no authority for condemnation. The district court was therefore in error.
McAlester argues, however, that it acquired the property "under the authority of the Act of June 28, 1898, 30 Stat. 495, commonly called to the Curtis Bill (Act)," which it says applied to unallotted lands. The United States responds that the condemnation provision of the Curtis Act appears in a section entitled "allotment" and that that provision is shown by subsequent statutes to be applicable to only allotted lands, citing the Act of March 3, 1901, 31 Stat. 1084, § 4, and the Act of March 2, 1899, 30 Stat. 990. The United States further responds that the crucial absence of authority to condemn tribal lands is reflected in 25 U.S.C. § 177, under which conveyances from any Indian Nation are invalid absent a treaty or convention. Other than its broad reliance on the Curtis Act, McAlester supplies no argument refuting the position of the United States.
The statute prohibiting conveyance of tribal lands other than by treaty or convention, 25 U.S.C. § 177 (1970), had its genesis 187 years ago. The first Indian Intercourse Act, Act of July 22, 1790, 1 Stat. 137, provided:
(N)o sale of lands made by any Indians, or any nation or tribe of Indians within the United States, shall be valid to any person or persons, or to any state, whether having the right of pre-emption to such lands or not, unless the same shall be made and duly executed at some public treaty, held under the authority of the United States.
The second Indian Intercourse Act, Act of March 1793, 1 Stat. 329, provided criminal sanctions for negotiation of a treaty or convention without authority from the United States. With minor modifications, the Act was repeatedly reenacted (Act of May 19, 1796, 1 Stat. 469; Act of March 3, 1799, 1 Stat. 743; Act of March 30, 1802, 2 Stat. 139; Act of June 30, 1834, 4 Stat. 729; R.S. § 2116), culminating in the current Act, 25 U.S.C. § 177, which provides, in pertinent part:
No * * * conveyance of lands, or of any title or claim thereto, from any Indian nation or tribe of Indians, shall be of any validity in law or in equity, unless the same be made by treaty or convention entered into pursuant to the Constitution. * * *
The 1834 version of that section has been interpreted:
No private person ever could make a lawful purchase of land from any Indian nation residing within the territory and under the protection of the United States. * * * To prevent it, the act of Congress "to regulate trade and intercourse with the Indian tribes * * * " was passed on the 30th June, 1834, (current § 177) which makes every * * * conveyance from a nation or tribe of Indians altogether void, unless it be made by treaty, pursuant to the Constitution. * * * I cannot think that it applies merely to those Indian tribes who hold their lands by the original Indian title. The words are broad enough to include a tribe holding lands by patent from the United States, and the purpose of the statute manifestly requires it receive that construction. (9 Op.Att'y.Gen. 24, 26 (1857).)
McAlester cites no treaty, convention, or other express authority from the United States, in support of its 1903 condemnation, but relies entirely on the Curtis Act, Act of June 28, 1898, ch. 517, § 11, 30 Stat. 495, which includes:
That all towns and cities heretofore incorporated or incorporated under the provisions of this Act are hereby authorized to secure, by condemnation or otherwise, all the lands actually necessary for public improvements, regardless of tribal lines; and when the same can not be secured otherwise than by condemnation, then the same may be acquired as provided * * * (in) Mansfield's Digest of the Statutes of Arkansas.
Though the quoted language contains no restriction on the power to condemn either allotted or unallotted Indian lands, that portion of the statute appears as the fifth proviso in section 11 of the Curtis Act. The entire section 11 deals exclusively with the allotment of Indian lands by the Dawes Commission, a circumstance arguing strongly for the view that the power to condemn was limited to allotted lands.
The legislative history of § 11 offers little aid. The Curtis Act was introduced by Representative Curtis of Kansas on February 24, 1898. 31 Cong.Rec. 2154 (1898). The condemnation provision was not in the original bill, but was inserted by the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs. The Committee did not publish a report, but its recommendations were reported on June 6, 1898, at 31 Cong.Rec. 5552. Though discussion was had on several amendments, no discussion was directed to the condemnation provision.5 The debates, however, reveal that Congress considered the United States as having a paramount interest in Indian lands and that Congress was interested in dissolving what it considered corrupt tribal governments and allotting tribal land to individual members of the tribes.
Though legislative history of § 11 offers little aid, a broader view of history sheds light on the congressional intent animating the Curtis Act.
Through the Treaty of Hopewell, 7 Stat. 21 (1786) and a subsequent Treaty of December 17, 1801, 7 Stat. 66, the Choctaws granted the United States large tracts of land to serve the westward migration of new settlers. Though the Choctaws continued to live on lands not granted, "the Indians were not considered to own the fee title to the land * * * they did have the right to the exclusive use and occupancy of the land a right that could be ceded only to the United States." Choctaw Nation v. Oklahoma, 397 U.S. 620, 623, 90 S. Ct. 1328, 1330, 25 L. Ed. 2d 615 (1970). The westward march had just begun. Fires of expansion were fueled by the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, and soon a westward relocation of the Indians was proposed. See Choctaw Nation, supra at n. 3. Agreeing to move westward, the Choctaw Nation ceded to the United States, in the Treaty of Doak's Stand, 7 Stat. 210 (1820), about one-half of its lands in Mississippi in exchange for a tract of land lying west of the Mississippi River and between the Arkansas and Red Rivers. Before the ink on the treaty had dried, however, it was discovered that white settlers already occupied the Choctaw Nation's new land. 1 F. Cohen, Handbook of Federal Indian Law, ch. 3, 84 (temp. ed. 1940). Signing another treaty, the Treaty of January 20, 1825, 7 Stat. 234, the Choctaw Nation ceded back to the United States lands east of a line marking the present boundary between Arkansas and Oklahoma. Though the Choctaw Nation resisted further moves, the Indian Removal Act of 1830, 4 Stat. 411, and Mississippi's extension of its laws to Choctaw territory, finally forced the Choctaw Nation to agree, in 1830, to relinquish all its lands east of the Mississippi River and to settle on lands west of the Arkansas Territory. This was accomplished by the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, 7 Stat. 333 (1830), giving the Choctaw Nation fee simple ownership of the land "while they shall exist as a nation." A patent issued to the Choctaw Nation on March 23, 1842, confirming their ownership and granting the lands to the Choctaw Nation "to have and to hold the same, with all the rights, privileges, immunities, and appurtenances of whatsoever nature thereto belonging, * * * 'in fee simple to them and their descendants, to inure to them, while they shall exist as a nation and live on it,' liable to no transfer or alienation, except to the United States, or with their consent." See Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations v. United States, 1 Ind.Cl.Comm. 291, 293-94 (1950), Aff'd 121 Ct. Cl. 41 (1951). That patent conveyed the lands to the Choctaw tribe as a whole and did not operate for the benefit of individual members of the tribe. See Fleming v. McCurtain, 215 U.S. 56, 30 S. Ct. 16, 54 L. Ed. 88 (1909).
The Chickasaw Nation underwent a similar westward march, finally settling on a portion of the Choctaw lands under the Treaty of January 17, 1837, 11 Stat. 573 and the Treaty of June 22, 1855, 11 Stat. 611.
Settlers in the Indian Territory were unhappy with their inability to exercise political control over the lands in which they lived and with their inability to obtain title to tribal lands. Harjo v. Kleppe, 420 F. Supp. 1110, 1121 (D.D.C. 1976). See also, Choate v. Trapp, 224 U.S. 665, 32 S. Ct. 565, 56 L. Ed. 941 (1912). The settlers "demand(ed) that the communal tenure and tribal governments be abolished in favor of both individual tenure in which the lands could pass freely into white hands and the political reorganization of the Territory into a state." Harjo, supra at 1121. The settlers' leading congressional ally was Senator Henry L. Dawes of Massachusetts. At Dawes' insistance, Congress passed the Dawes Severalty Act, ch. 119, 24 Stat. 388 (Feb. 8, 1887), providing for allotment of reservation land and the purchase of unallotted land by the United States for homesteading. If the Five Civilized Tribes were elated by their specific exemption from the Act (§ 8), that elation was short-lived.
Two years later Congress created a commission, Act of March 3, 1893, ch. 209, § 16, 27 Stat. 645, headed by Dawes (then retired from the Senate) to negotiate with the Five Tribes over relinquishment of their title by cession to the United States or by allotment to the Tribes' members. Despite reluctance to do so, the Choctaws and Chickasaws finally entered into an agreement, the Atoka agreement, with the Dawes Commission on April 23, 1897. That agreement was incorporated in the Curtis Act, providing for forced allotment of Indian lands to tribal members and termination of tribal affairs. See Choctaw Nation v. Oklahoma, supra; Mullen v. United States, 224 U.S. 448 (1912); Choate v. Trapp, supra. The agreement was subsequently modified, in ways not important here, by the Act of July 1, 1902, ch. 1362, 32 Stat. 641. Section 11 of the Curtis Act, the section pertinent herein, provided for those allotments.6
The historical perspective of the Curtis Act thus indicates that it was designed to provide settlers in Indian Territory a means by which they might exercise some control, political and possessory, over the lands in which they lived. To achieve that objective, the Curtis Act, incorporating the Atoka Agreement, provided for forced allotment and, within the same section (§ 11), condemnation. If Congress had intended to provide for condemnation of all Indian lands, allotted and unallotted, it would be reasonable to assume that it would have either passed an act specifically providing therefor (cf. Supra, note 5) or that it would have included a broad condemnation provision as a separate section of the Curtis Act, and would not have merely included a condemnation provision within the section devoted to allotment.
Moreover, if Congress had provided for unabated, unsupervised condemnation of all Indian lands in general, though it had the inherent power to do so, there would have been a serious question of whether the United States had thereby breached its trust relationship with the Indian tribes.
Accordingly, we are convinced that the Curtis Act contained no authorization for condemnation of unallotted Indian lands. Hence there existed no statutory authorization for condemnation by McAlester in 1903, and the easement obtained by McAlester by virtue of the 1903 judgment is invalid.
(The panel would have reversed and remanded.)7
Although the United States purports to bring this action in its own right, it asserts no property right of its own which it seeks to vindicate. Therefore, the claim asserted by the Government essentially states no more than the general fiduciary relationship of the Government to the Indian tribes which has long been recognized. See, e. g., Choctaw Nations v. United States, 119 U.S. 1, 27-28, 7 S. Ct. 75, 30 L. Ed. 306
See United States v. Candelaria, 271 U.S. 432, 443, 46 S. Ct. 561, 70 L. Ed. 1023; Alonzo v. United States, 249 F.2d 189 (10th Cir.)
The Government argues (Supplemental Memorandum on Rehearing, 3 n.2) that the City offered no proof that in 1903 it met the requirement of Sec. 11 of the Curtis Act, 30 Stat. 495, 498, of being "heretofore incorporated or incorporated under the provisions of this Act." In a collateral attack at this time the burden of demonstrating any such defect was on the Government, See Choctaw & Chickasaw Nations v. City of Atoka, 207 F.2d 763, 766 (10th Cir.), and the Government points to no proof it made in this respect. No claim by the Government of a defect in the City's proof on this point in the 1903 proceeding should be considered
The dismissal of the United States on the ground of sovereign immunity was in accordance with the procedure followed in Choctaw & Chickasaw Nations v. Seitz, 193 F.2d 456 (10th Cir.), with the result that the judgment is not binding on the United States
On this appeal the City maintains that the trial court erred in holding that the Government had successfully impeached the 1903 judgment by showing that the Government was not notified of that action. With this contention of the City we do not agree. We feel that the finding of the trial court that the Government was not a party to the 1903 proceeding is supported by competent evidence
In a similar earlier case this court assumed, without deciding, that the United States was an indispensable party to a condemnation action in the United States Court in the Indian Territory for the taking of tribal lands for a waterworks system. Choctaw & Chickasaw Nations v. City of Atoka, Oklahoma, 207 F.2d 763 (10th Cir.). We must now face that question which was not decided in the City of Atoka case
The original restraint was imposed by the General Allotment Act of 1887, c. 119, 24 Stat. 388, 389, 25 U.S.C. § 348, and extended by later acts. E.g., Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, c. 576, 48 Stat. 984, 25 U.S.C. § 462
The restraint on alienation imposed by The General Allotment Act of 1887, which appears in 25 U.S.C. § 348, did not apply to the Territory occupied by the Five Civilized Tribes in Oklahoma. See 25 U.S.C. § 339.
See, e. g., Bowling v. United States, 223 U.S. 528, 34 S. Ct. 659, 58 L. Ed. 1080; Sunderland v. United States, 266 U.S. 226, 45 S. Ct. 64, 69 L. Ed. 259; Privett v. United States, 256 U.S. 201, 41 S. Ct. 455, 65 L. Ed. 889
This language is the current version of the 1834 Non-Intercourse Act, 4 Stat. 730
As to legal title, the fee ownership of the tribal lands by the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations distinguishes the instant case from Minnesota v. United States, 305 U.S. 302, 59 S. Ct. 382, 83 L. Ed. 2d 235, where, in discussing the indispensability of the United States, the Court stressed the fee ownership of the allotted Chippewa lands held in trust by the United States for the allottees. No argument is advanced by the Government concerning its reversionary interest and we see no relevance in it to our issues. As to the fiduciary interest asserted by the United States, Minnesota v. United States, supra, is distinguished on other grounds in the discussion below
This latter restraint was alleged in the Government's complaint and admitted in the City's answer. The Government's brief on appeal cites the allegation of this restraint in the complaint, and we read the Government's arguments premised on restraints on alienation to refer both to the restraint in the patent and that in the Non-Intercourse Act. As explained below, we are satisfied that both restraints were removed by the special statutes and agreements dealing with the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations
The Atoka Agreement was reaffirmed by the Supplemental Agreement, Act of July 1, 1902, 32 Stat. 641. The Supplemental Agreement was signed on March 21, 1902; ratified by Congress on July 1, 1902; and became effective when ratified by the Nations on September 25, 1902
Zevely v. Weimer, 82 S.W. 941, 947 (Ct.App.Ind.T.1904), Aff'd, 138 F. 1006 (8th Cir.); See Morris v. Hitchcock, 194 U.S. 384, 24 S. Ct. 712, 48 L. Ed. 1030; Cherokee Nation v. Hitchcock, 187 U.S. 294, 23 S. Ct. 115, 47 L. Ed. 183; Cf. Buster v. Wright, 135 F. 947 (8th Cir.) (Curtis Act gave consent of U.S. for sale of town lots); See generally Stephens v. Cherokee Nation, 174 U.S. 445, 19 S. Ct. 722, 43 L. Ed. 1041. The Atoka Agreement was not effective until August 24, 1898, the date of its ratification by the Nations
Relevant portions of the Curtis Act are reproduced at greater length in the Appendix to this opinion
While some agreements concerning tribal conveyances of allotments required the Secretary's approval of the patent to the allottee, no such approval was required in the Choctaw and Chickasaw agreements. In re Five Civilized Tribes, 199 F. 811, 819 (E.D.Okl.); Bledsoe, Indian Land Laws, Secs. 32, 74 (2d ed. 1913); Mills, Oklahoma Indian Land Laws, Sec. 61 (2d ed. 1924). Such patents were, however, given such approval, as Mills points out
In Sec. 74 Bledsoe states that it is doubtful if the Secretary's approval of the Choctaw and Chickasaw patents was either necessary or effectual to accomplish anything, and that if necessary to the validity of the patent, it makes the same effectual as of the date of their execution.
On the other hand, we note that in other parts of the Curtis Act there were conditions imposed for governmental approvals and participation in transactions involving tribal lands. In Sec. 13, 30 Stat. at 498, (see Appendix hereto), it was provided that the Secretary of the Interior was authorized to make regulations for leasing of oil, coal, asphalt and other minerals in the Territory and that all such leases should be made by the Secretary, and that any lease otherwise made was void.
In Sec. 15 of the Curtis Act, 30 Stat. at 500, appraisal of town lots by commissions was authorized, and no such appraisal was effective until approved by the Secretary, and in case of disagreement by members of such commission on the value of any lot, the Secretary was authorized to fix the value.
Again in Sec. 15, 30 Stat. at 501, it was provided that unimproved town lots might be sold, but not for less than their appraised value, unless ordered by the Secretary.
These provisions demonstrate that statutory requirements for further governmental approvals were expressly provided where desired by Congress, but this was not done with respect to such condemnation proceedings under Sec. 11. Hence, as to condemnation, the congressional choice that the proceedings in the United States Court for the Territory were the only required step seems clear.
Sec. 2 of the Curtis Act provided as follows (30 Stat. 495):
Sec. 2. That when in the progress of any civil suit, either in law or equity, pending in the United States court in any district in said Territory, it shall appear to the court that the property of any tribe is in any way affected by the issues being heard, said court is hereby authorized and required to make said tribe a party to said suit by service upon the chief or governor of the tribe, and the suit shall thereafter be conducted and determined as if said tribe had been an original party to said action.
Statutory restraints on the alienation of unallotted Choctaw and Chickasaw tribal lands were reimposed by Section 16 of the Act of April 26, 1906, 34 Stat. 137, 143, which directed the Secretary of the Interior to sell such lands under rules and regulations to be prescribed by him. The proceeds of such sales were ordered to be deposited in the United States Treasury to the credit of the respective tribes. See also id. at 148 (tribal lands to be held in trust). These restraints, however, did not stand as a bar to the 1903 condemnation proceedings carried out in this case under the procedures specified by Sec. 11 of the Curtis Act
Other statutory provisions in force in January 1903 imposed restraints on the alienation of allottees' lands, E. g., Supplemental Agreement, 32 Stat. 641, 643; Atoka Agreement, 30 Stat. 505, 507, but they are not relevant here.
Concerning the legislative history, the Government argues first that the House Report accompanying the Curtis Bill described only a consent to the sale of tribal property within the limits of an incorporated town. H.Rep. No. 593, at 3, 55th Cong., 2d Sess. (1898). This argument is based on the claim that section eleven was not part of the bill reported on by the House but was added as an amendment by the Senate. This contention is incorrect because the bill, as passed by the House and introduced in the Senate, contained section eleven. 31 Cong.Rec. 3870 (1898); See 31 Cong.Rec. 5552 (1898). Furthermore, in light of the purposes of the Curtis Bill and its structure, it would have been a meaningless piece of legislation without section eleven. If the Government means to say that the specific proviso of section eleven relied on by the City was not in the House bill but was added by the Senate, that argument, too, is unfounded. There was an amendment of the section eleven condemnation proviso on the Senate floor, but it merely added the words "heretofore incorporated or."
Contrary to the argument advanced by the Government, we do not read the language of H.Rep. No. 593, at 3, 55th Cong., 2d Sess. (1898), as language restricting the condemnation authority of the towns in Indian Territory. The Atoka Agreement itself provided that townsites "be restricted as far as possible to their present limits." 30 Stat. at 508. This was not an absolute limitation but a flexible formulation. See Indian Appropriations Act for 1900, 31 Stat. 221, 238; Supplemental Agreement, Sec. 45, 32 Stat. 641, 652 (ratifying townsite limit provisions of 1901 Appropriation Act). Finally, we observe that the relevant sections of Mansfield's Digest nowhere confine a municipality's condemnation authority to its corporate limits.
The Government also argues for a restricted view of the scope of the section eleven condemnation authority based on Congressional failure to act a refusal to authorize condemnations for railroad rights of way and the non-passage of S. 3720 Authorizing Cities and Towns in Indian Territory to Secure by Condemnation or Otherwise Lands Necessary for Public Improvements. The simple answer to these arguments is that S. 3720 never passed because the objects of the legislation were secured by section eleven of the Curtis Act, and the railroads received broad condemnation authority in the Act of February 28, 1902, 32 Stat. 43, 47.
Thus, although the legislative history of section eleven reveals little about the intended scope of the condemnation authority contained therein, it clearly does not support the negative inferences advanced by the Government.
Section 14 of the Curtis Act provides in part (30 Stat. at 500):
. . . Such city or town governments shall in no case have any authority to impose upon or levy any tax against any lands in said cities or towns Until after title is secured from the tribe. (emphasis added).
As noted earlier, in the 1903 case it was agreed that fair compensation was $6,515.00, which was the value of the lands as appraised by the Dawes Commission. A verdict was returned in that amount
For example, the first tract is described as the "N 1/2 of NW 1/2 of . . . Sec. 30 . . . T6N R15E . . .," with the figure "80" appearing under the heading "Acres."
In connection with the 1903 condemnation judgment, we note also that the judgment stated that it was agreed that the value of the lands sought to be condemned and described in the petition was in accordance with the appraisement made for the purpose of allotment by the Dawes Commission and was $6,515. (II R. 117).
We take judicial notice of the fact that appraisals conducted by the Dawes Commission were statutorily required to reflect the value of the fee simple, excluding the improvements. E. g., 30 Stat. at 500, 506; Sen.Doc.No.65, 55th Cong., 2d Sess. (1898).
Honorable Howard T. Markey, Chief Judge, United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, sitting by designation
§ 1345:
Except as otherwise provided by Act of Congress, the district courts shall have original jurisdiction of all civil actions, suits or proceedings commenced by the United States, or by any agency or officer thereof expressly authorized to sue by Act of Congress.
Before us, McAlester argues that the United States, by refusing to be joined in that action, is bound by the judgment therein. On similar facts, Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations v. Seitz, 193 F.2d 456 (10th Cir. 1951), Cert. denied 343 U.S. 919, 72 S. Ct. 676, 96 L. Ed. 1332 (1952), this court held, "By reason of its guardianship and its governmental interest in such lands, the United States would not be bound by a judgment in this action, unless it became a party thereto." 193 F.2d at 458. See also, Sunderland v. United States, 266 U.S. 226, 45 S. Ct. 64, 69 L. Ed. 259 (1924). Moreover, in introducing the 1952 judgment at trial in the present case, counsel for McAlester stated: "I don't offer it as an estoppel or anything like that * * * " Transcript at 11. McAlester's argument on this point is without support in the record or in judicial precedent, and the United States is not bound by the 1952 judgment
Also in 1970, the United States brought an action, United States v. Browning, Civil No. 69-214 (E.D.Okl. Feb. 9, 1971), to quiet title to about five acres of the same tribal lands involved here, which McAlester had attempted to convey to a third party. The court declared the Choctaw-Chickasaw Nations the owners of the unallotted five acres and quieted title in them
The district court admitted, over McAlester's objection, an affidavit submitted by the United States and purporting to establish that a search of the Archives disclosed no reference to the 1903 proceedings. We voice neither agreement nor disagreement with the trial court's admission of the affidavit, but merely note the court's statement in Atoka that "(t)he fact that the process or other papers are missing from the files will not overcome the presumption of jurisdiction," a statement particularly applicable where, as here, the judgment is 74 years old; the papers would have been under the custody of several persons and agencies; and the judgment arose in a period when modern-day conveniences of record-keeping were non-existent
The problem of water reservoirs in Indian Territory was specifically raised at the same time through introduction of Senate bill S.3720, 55th Cong., 2d Sess. (1898), which would have enabled cities and towns to construct waterworks for their communities with power to condemn sufficient Indian land for that purpose. That bill was referred to the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs. 31 Cong.Rec. 1756 (1898). S.Rep. No. 696, 55th Cong., 2d Sess. (1898), recommended passage. The bill was passed by the Senate on March 30, 1898, 31 Cong.Rec. 3350 (1898) and referred to the House Committee on Indian Affairs, 31 Cong.Rec. 3445 (1898), which recommended passage. H.R.Rep. No. 1278, 55th Cong., 2d Sess. (1898). The bill was neither passed in the House nor further discussed
Congress had provided by statute that the tribal governments were to expire on March 4, 1906. Act of March 3, 1903, ch. 994, § 8, 32 Stat. 1008. As that date approached, however, Congress, by joint resolution, extended the existence of the Five Tribes. Res. 7 of March 2, 1906, 34 Stat. 822. Finally, by the Act of May 27, 1908, ch. 199, 35 Stat. 312, Congress provided "(f)or the removal of restrictions from part of the lands of allottees of the Five Civilized Tribes." See Seminole Nation of Oklahoma v. United States, 498 F.2d 1368, 204 Ct. Cl. 655 (1974), Cert. denied 420 U.S. 907, 95 S. Ct. 825, 42 L. Ed. 2d 837 (1975)
We do not interpret the relief here sought by the United States as being so broad as to deprive McAlester of its source of water. We decide the case on legal principles, leaving to the district court the initial resolution of equities and the design of appropriate remedies
of Tenth Circuit opinions.
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Justia › US Law › Case Law › Federal Courts › Courts of Appeals › Ninth Circuit › 1983 › Montserrat Overseas Holdings, S.a., Plaintiff-appellant, v. David W. Larsen, British Hawaiian Proper...
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Montserrat Overseas Holdings, S.a., Plaintiff-appellant, v. David W. Larsen, British Hawaiian Properties, Ltd.,plantorel, Ltd., Defendants-appellees, 709 F.2d 22 (9th Cir. 1983)
US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit - 709 F.2d 22 (9th Cir. 1983)
Argued and Submitted May 12, 1983. Decided June 8, 1983. Rehearing Denied July 11, 1983
Clyde William Matsui, Honolulu, Hawaii, for plaintiff-appellant.
William Meheula, Honolulu, Hawaii, for defendants-appellees.
On Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii.
Before BROWNING, Chief Judge, MERRILL and ALARCON, Circuit Judges.
In this diversity action under Hawaii law, Plaintiff-Appellant Montserrat Overseas Holdings, S.A., a Panamanian corporation, sued David Larsen, a resident of Hawaii, and two corporations controlled by Larsen, for specific performance and damages allegedly arising from the breach of an escrow agreement for the sale of certain Hawaiian real property. The District Court granted summary judgment on the specific performance claim and ordered that Montserrat post a $50,000 bond to cover costs on the contract claim. The action was dismissed upon Montserrat's failure to post the bond. Montserrat appeals from the partial summary judgment and the dismissal of the action for failure to post the required bond.I
It was not error to grant Defendants partial summary judgment on the specific performance count of the amended complaint. At the time Appellant secured its contract of sale an earlier sale contract between Larsen and one Hunter was in the course of litigation. Appellant took with notice of and subject to this earlier contract. The Larsen-Hunter suit was subsequently settled and title passed pursuant to the settlement. The general rule is that a prior purchaser prevails over a subsequent purchaser with notice, see Merchants Collection Agency, Limited v. Ng Au Shee, 32 Haw. 883 (1933); Hawaii Rev.Stat. Sec. 502-83, and it is uniformly recognized that one who acquires an interest in land subject to an existing interest which is the basis of a lawsuit takes subject to the judgment in that suit even if that judgment is pursuant to a settlement between the parties. See 54 C.J.S. Lis Pendens Sec. 39 (1948).
Appellant contends that the settlement on the basis of which judgment in the Larsen-Hunter suit was ultimately entered was fraudulent and collusive. We find no facts in the record, however, supporting the inference that the settlement of the prior suit was entered collusively. Appellant finds evidence of fraud and collusion in the fact that in order to arrive at a settlement it had been necessary for the parties to bring in a third party, one Witte, as assignee of the purchaser. No rational inference of fraud can be drawn from the fact that settlement was achieved by such refinancing.
Appellant sought to add Witte as party defendant and to amend its complaint to include allegations respecting Witte. The Court properly denied Appellant's motion in these respects as the amendment would not have remedied the defect in its specific performance claim and would have clouded Witte's title without justification.
The costs bond apparently was ordered pursuant to Rule 290-1 of the Rules of Court of the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii, which provides:
The court, on motion or of its own initiative, may order any party to file an original bond or additional security for costs in such an amount and so conditioned as the court by its order may designate.
It cannot be said that requiring a bond to be posted under this rule constituted abuse of discretion. See Hawes v. Club Ecuestre El Comandante, 535 F.2d 140, 143 (1st Cir. 1976). Here Appellant was a foreign corporation with no assets within the United States. The Court noted an appearance of vexatiousness in the prosecution of the suit.
Nor was the amount of the bond excessive. In diversity cases federal courts follow state law in determining whether the allowance of counsel fees is proper. Shakey's Inc. v. Covalt, 704 F.2d 426, 435 (9th Cir. 1983); Kabatoff v. Safeco Ins. Co., 627 F.2d 207, 210 (9th Cir. 1980); Schulz v. Lamb, 591 F.2d 1268, 1272 (9th Cir. 1978); see Alyeska Pipeline Service Co. v. Wilderness Society, 421 U.S. 240, 259 n. 31, 95 S. Ct. 1612, 1622 n. 31, 44 L. Ed. 2d 141 (1975). Here Hawaii law provides for the allowance of counsel fees in actions in the nature of assumpsit, that is, for damages based on breach of contract. Hawaii Rev.Stat. Sec. 607-14. This was the nature of this action at the time the bond was required, following the grant of Defendants' motion for partial summary judgment on Appellant's specific performance claim. Cf. Smothers v. Renander, 2 Haw.App. 400, 633 P.2d 556, 561 (1981) (winning party on breach of contract counterclaim entitled to counsel fees under Sec. 607-14 because action was "in the nature of assumpsit").
When, as in this case, state substantive law allows the recovery of counsel fees, and the District Court has already determined that the circumstances warrant the requirement of a bond as security for costs, it is proper for the Court to take counsel fees into account in fixing the amount of the required bond. Under the circumstances of this case, given the expense of the litigation, the value of the land involved, and the appearance of vexatiousness in pursuing the action, the bond was not excessive in amount. Accordingly, the dismissal of the action for failure to post the required bond was proper.
JUDGMENT AFFIRMED.
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Justia › US Law › Case Law › Federal Courts › Courts of Appeals › Ninth Circuit › 1990 › Unpublished Disposition
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Unpublished Disposition, 895 F.2d 1418 (9th Cir. 1990)
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit - 895 F.2d 1418 (9th Cir. 1990)
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee,v.Bruce GARY, Defendant-Appellant.
No. 88-5398.
United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
Argued and Submitted Dec. 7, 1989.Decided Feb. 6, 1990.
Before GOODWIN, SCHROEDER and O'SCANNLAIN, Circuit Judges.
MEMORANDUM*
Bruce Gary appeals his conviction on two counts of perjury before a grand jury, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1623. His contentions on appeal are without merit and we affirm.
Gary first contends that his perjured testimony before the grand jury was not "material" to the grand jury proceedings. This court has held that the definition of materiality embraces "very broad perameters." United States v. Dipp, 581 F.2d 1323, 1328 (9th Cir. 1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1071 (1979). Gary suggests that his testimony was immaterial because it was not directed to the main subject of the grand jury's investigation, but we have said that "false testimony that tends to influence the grand jury need not be directed to the primary subject of the investigation; it is material if it is relevant to any subsidiary issue under consideration by the tribunal." United States v. Lococo, 450 F.2d 1196, 1199 (9th Cir. 1971) (citations omitted), cert. denied, 406 U.S. 945 (1972). Even if Gary's testimony was not directed to the primary grand jury target, it was relevant to subsidiary issues.
Gary also contends that he was the victim of prosecutorial misconduct in the form of a "perjury trap." The essence of appellant's contention is that the prosecutor knew in advance that if called, Gary would perjure himself. This, however, is insufficient to establish a perjury trap, even in the view of that doctrine's principal exponent. See Gersham, The "Perjury Trap", 129 U. Pa. L. Rev. 624, 685-86 (1981). Moreover, the Ninth Circuit has not recognized the viability of the doctrine as a ground for reversal. United States v. Taylor, 881 F.2d 840, 841 (9th Cir. 1989); United States v. Howard, 867 F.2d 548, 549 (9th Cir. 1989).
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and may not be cited to or by the courts of this circuit except as provided by 9th Cir.R. 36-3
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Wrongful Termination, Defamation, Employment, Employment Law -- Employer
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7 reasons why Tearfund works with and through the global local church
AdvocacyWorking through the local church
By Lucie Woolley
The church occupies a unique place in the humanitarian and development sector. At its best, it is able to bring a combination of benefits to humanitarian and development work that is found nowhere else.
Worship at a church in Owii, Soroti District, Uganda. Photo: Andrew Philip/Tearfund
It is integral in communities, inspirational for their congregations, and influential through its networks at all levels. Using these three concepts as a framework, here are seven good reasons why the global local church is at the heart of Tearfund’s work.
1. Churches being integral allows access
When other organisations don’t or can’t go to the most remote areas where the poorest communities are often found, the church can be found ‘filling the gaps’. For example, when international actors in South Sudan during the conflict had to leave one state because of a security threat, a local church leader explained, ‘INGOs cannot travel to that area, but the priests have no problem because they can stay with the people…’
2. Churches being integral allows immediacy
When a disaster strikes, response times can make all the difference in saving people’s lives, and churches are often there as some of the first responders in a crisis. For instance, when Cyclone Nargis hit Myanmar in 2008, the church was ready and able to distribute aid in the immediate aftermath of the disaster, where the greatest areas of devastation were only reached by foreign aid workers several weeks later.
3. Churches being integral allows sustainability
Solutions must be locally-owned to maintain achievements after the organisations involved have moved on. Local churches act as an enduring hub in many communities, where even the most committed relief agencies will eventually leave. As a regional district councillor in Uganda said in relation to community advocacy work: ‘We trust the church. We have so many organisations and individuals who come but, at the end, they disappear. But the church is there permanently. Even when there are changes in leadership, the church remains.’
4. Churches are inspirational through a whole-person approach
This means addressing the mental and spiritual needs of those living in poverty or caught up in disasters, alongside their immediate physical problems. The church is uniquely positioned to help Christians and also those of other faiths in these situations because it understands that ‘faith is intricately linked with people’s identity and sense of purpose [and] ... recognises that poverty has a spiritual dimension, that poverty lowers self-esteem, robs people of their dignity’.
Cornelia Claros is a former community leader in Tipa Tipa village, Bolivia. Photo: Andrew Philip/Tearfund
5. Churches are inspirational through the biblical mandate to help those in need that they preach
This means the church often provides ready volunteers for development and disaster work, delivering a response that is value for money. Moreover, in countries where faith remains at the centre of most people’s lives and secular motivations are harder to comprehend, the church provides a religious explanation for caring for others to people of all faiths. An Irish Aid evaluation of HIV and AIDS work in Ethiopia and Malawi found that there was almost universal knowledge of church-based HIV and AIDS activities, demonstrating the far-reaching response of the church.
6. Churches are inspirational through the influence of church leaders
Because the church is deeply embedded in society, with roots in the histories of communities, it holds the trust and respect of the people. This allows church leaders to speak into traditions and values by interpreting development messages for their local context. This has the potential to bring change to long-held attitudes. For example, during the Ebola response faith leaders played a pivotal influencing role, using religious texts to promote changes in practices in affected communities, such as safe burials. A UN staff member in Sierra Leone commented that ‘the participation of religious leaders was a game changer’.
7. Churches are influential in their reach at all levels, from local communities to international organisations
The church is one of the largest civil society networks in the world, and one of the few movements that is both local and global in its reach and influence, meaning it can play a significant role in advocating for the vulnerable and oppressed. Indeed, ‘the established relationships held by the church at national and international level, as well as its knowledge of the community context at local level, means it occupies a rare position of influence and trust’.
To read the full paper this blog post is based on, and for references for all quotations, please see: Integral, Inspirational and Influential: The Role of Local Churches in Humanitarian and Development Responses.
Lucie Woolley
Lucie Woolley is Advocacy Learning and Research Officer at Tearfund.
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Retail › Property
Sky-high prices
In the forecourt property world, some dealers are being made offers on their sites that they can't refuse. Not, of course, in the sense of the infamous Don Corleone quote from The Godfather, but more along the lines of a once-in-a-lifetime offer that they can't resist.
Matthew Williamson, director automotive and roadside at GVA, certainly thinks so: "Some transactions, such as Chartman, Manor Service Stations and Kerridge Group, are ones where you maybe thought they wouldn't have sold, but the offer must have seemed too good to be true."
And there's certainly a pattern across the industry of the Top 50 Indie 'super groups' snapping up smaller, but still significant, players.
According to Barber Wadlow there were around 160 petrol filling stations (PFS) transacted in 2017. Director Adam Wadlow says: "The major independent retailers, including MRH, MFG, Euro Garages and Applegreen, have been responsible for circa 50% of transactions, picking off a variety of small/medium-sized independent retailers. It should, however, be noted that the 158 PFS transactions in 2017, represents a 21% decline on the previous 12 months. The sizeable reduction is, however, due to a lack of stock as opposed to a lack of demand."
Meanwhile, Christie & Co says 2017 was one of the most active periods it has ever seen, resulting in the company selling more PFS in 2017 than ever before.
Of particular note during 2017 (with sales advised through various outlets) were:
MFG buying Manor Service Stations (nine sites); Burns Group (four sites); and Kerridge Group (four sites)
MRH buying Peregrine Retail (five sites) and Chartman Retail (11 sites)
Euro Garages buying High Noon (eight sites) and Three Elms (five sites)
State Oil buying Retail Fuels (nine sites).
Of these transactions, Barber Wadlow advised Manor Service Stations on the sale of its nine-site business to MFG and also advised Retail Fuels on the sale of its nine-site business to State Oil.
In addition, the company advised Carsley Group on the sale of its seven-site business to Applegreen. Plus it has also dealt with various single-site transactions, including the letting of Fosseway Service Station on the A46 to Applegreen which is intending to comprehensively redevelop the site.
Williamson at GVA says many of the recent deals have been off-market where you only get to hear about them once the deal is done.
"It's still a very buoyant market for sellers, but buyers are struggling to find opportunities," he explains. "Larger groups are more interested in portfolio acquisitions and new-to-industry sites on trunk roads. But then there are still some smaller and first-time buyers who are buying single sites. And there is some churn with the large dealer groups who may buy a smaller group, keep the best sites and sell off the others."
He says this is all driven by banks keen to invest in the sector. "The major banks are very active the likes of Lloyds and HSBC, plus there is also peer-to-peer lending."
Phil Blackford, partner and head of automotive and roadside at Rapleys, says that while many of the big operators are backed by private equity or public listing, smaller firms usually look to traditional bank funding which remains generally available once a sound business case is provided. "Other firms are exploring scaling up and capitalising their businesses through other strategies; Lone Star, for example, is considering an IPO of MRH this year potentially valuing the business at £1.5bn. However, there are still many parties at the lower end of the market that have issues with raising funding, and these tend to look at leasehold sites only."
One dealer who has benefited from bank lending is former Top 50 Indie Hockenhull Garages (HGS), which has opened a new petrol station and c-store in South Wigston, Leicester. This is the first forecourt development for the company's founder and chairman Peter Hockenhull since he came out of retirement to assist in running the business with his son Joe.
Peter sold the majority of his sites to Euro Garages around 10 years ago, but the company has continued to operate a key part of the business today includes eight Shell cluster sites.
Last year HGS had the chance to acquire the South Wigston site in Saffron Lane which had been derelict for many years, but had planning permission for a forecourt. The purchase was supported by a HSBC loan which funded part of the acquisition and development costs.
Brisk activity
Meanwhile, Christie Finance reports brisk activity arranging commercial loans through no less than 25 different lenders in 2017.
Steve Rodell, managing director retail at the firm, says these include not only traditional high street banks, but also newer 'challenger' banks, crowdfunding and, more recently, unsecured lenders. He adds: "Furthermore, the private equity-backed operators have deep cash resources. The need to grow their business for investors has fuelled group deal activity, resulting in a number of groups being snapped up, often off-market at premium pricing. There will undoubtedly be further consolidation this year."
Blackford at Rapleys agrees with Williamson that there is a real appetite for new-to-industry greenfield developments, both where there are gaps in the network and where there arenew housing developments and infrastructure.
"With all this activity, new formats, concepts and partnerships are evolving. Unmanned filling stations are being rolled out, often on smaller, closed-down sites including the community project in Newcastleton. This interest, and innovation in the market, has seen a lot of capital expenditure into older networks that have seen little investment in recent years."
Back to pricing, and Rodell says the surge in the value of PFS is due to a number of factors: "Petrol stations are valued according to their trading potential, measured by profitability. For the past few years many businesses have seen results grow. So, it follows that values rise. Interest rates remain historically low, enabling more buyers to raise finance, further fuelling demand, which almost always exceeds the supply of available sites at every level of the market."
The question has to be asked whether some sellers are being too optimistic about what they might get.
Wadlow says: "During 2017, we have seen examples of sellers with unrealistic price expectations. This is generally because one or two sellers are taking the financial analysis from one transaction and applying it to their own property without having any regard to variances in quality of the property, need for capital expenditure, opportunities to re-gear supply agreements, or other untapped trading potential etc. These factors will have a fundamental influence on a PFS's value. Every PFS is different, therefore taking the EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation) multiple achieved on one site and applying it to another may give you completely the wrong answer. In short, two petrol stations that generate the same levels of profitability can have very different values.
"We have seen and achieved EBITDA multiples in the region of 10 and 12 (and in certain cases, even higher). However, purchasers are not buying these businesses to sit on low levels of return. If a business sale is to achieve a double-digit multiple, it must offer a sufficient and genuinely achievable untapped trading potential."
Stuart Lobb, associate at Rapleys, adds: "Although numbers are hidden, anecdotal evidence suggests that the multipliers paid on EBITDA are very high. Retailers are savvy to assets that have potentially high values for alternative uses, and we have seen increasing instructions from established forecourt and other auto and roadside clients for planning and development services. What is key, is identifying those prospective value drivers and developing strategies for enhancing values."
Wadlow says there are always sites that will be worth more to some companies than to others: "That may be because a site is geographically well-located within a retailer's existing retail network.
"In such a scenario, the price paid may look expensive to the market as a whole, but to a particular retailer it offers real value."
"I wouldn't say that sellers are being too greedy," says David Collins, partner at Adlers. "In some cases, prices are rather optimistic. Market forces ultimately dictate the level of value. Obviously, there is a ceiling beyond which deals are not viable. We may be close to that point now. Given the way in which PFS values have risen in recent years, it is surprising that some smaller operators have not decided to take the money and run. This probably reflects the degree of optimism in the forecourt sector."
For Adlers, 2017 saw them mostly finding and negotiating the acquisition of new-to-industry sites for BP.
"We now have several opportunities in the planning stage," says Collins.
As for the supply side of the forecourt market, Collins can't see it changing much in 2018.
"I think it will be a case of 'as you were'. The forecourt sector has proved to be remarkably resilient over a number of years and there is nothing to suggest that this will change unless the economy tanks after Brexit, but I think that's unlikely.
"The trend for large sites to accommodate larger c-stores will continue."
Wadlow adds: "There will continue to be a limited supply of available petrol filling station businesses, and we do not envisage market demand drying up any time soon while trading conditions remain relatively robust.
"It is, however, probable that the volume of transactions will reduce by virtue of the fact that fewer sizeable independent businesses now exist following the mergers and acquisitions activity of 2016 and 2017."
Freehold or leasehold?
Most transactions in the forecourt sector are freehold but for some people, leasehold is the only way they can get into the market or expand on what they've already got.
"Freeholds are far more attractive, particularly for small- and medium-sized operators," says David Collins, partner at Adlers. "Freeholds are normally appreciating assets and may have significant alternative use value should the filling station use no longer be viable."
Steve Rodell, managing director retail at Christie & Co, says: "The most sought after opportunities are usually freeholds where there is potential to add value. This is when multiples of earnings can rise above the average (you are often multiplying an artificial bottom line that could be higher with investment)."
And Matthew Williamson, director automotive and roadside at GVA, says leaseholds can be good for first-time buyers who can't afford a freehold, plus there might be an opportunity to buy the freehold at a later date.
Forecourt Property Market Index - 2018
Strong trading conditions and private equity investment continue to support property values, with the Barber Wadlow Forecourt Property Value Index (in association with Experian Catalist) registering a 6% increase in 2017.
Market Highlights:
The Index has now more than doubled over the past 15 years and achieved a 73% increase since the bottom of the market in 2011.
A 6% increase in 2017 represents a slowdown in growth by comparison to the previous two years (+14% in 2015, +9% in 2016). This is unsurprising given the substantial value increases during 2015/16 as the market adjusted to the reduced supply of available sites.
Despite the slowdown, market demand remains strong, underpinned by limited supply, with the only sizeable acquisition opportunities being indie dealer groups.
The major indies continue to be the most active buyers, but we have also seen new parties come forward. For example, Harvest Energy acquired Retail Fuels (nine sites) in December and Certas Energy acquired two sites earlier in the year.
Small/medium-sized indies are also continuing to buy single sites, which tend to be of lesser interest to major indies.
Going forward, we expect demand and therefore values to be sustained, frustrated by the ongoing lack of acquisition opportunities and favourable trading conditions. We do not anticipate that the recent announcement by the government of its plans to ban the sale of hydrocarbon-powered cars by 2040 will have a discernible impact upon values.*Value of the average 'bottom quarter' of oil company sites (in terms of trading performance), which is now the most representative trading profile of the sites that are coming to the market.
Going down the electric avenue
With government support for electric vehicles (EVs) so strong, anyone investing in a new site or thinking about redevelopment needs to consider the impact this will have on their business.
David Collins, partner at Adlers, says: "There are so many issues around this subject and a variety of opinions across the industry. For many it is a case of wait and see. Others are acting now."
Those that are 'acting now' include Peter Hockenhull and his son Joe, who recently opened a new forecourt in Leicester. Thinking ahead, they ran cables under the site so electric charging points can be installed in the future.
"EVs are something the market will have to look at," says Matthew Williamson, director automotive and roadside at GVA. "That's because the general layout of forecourts is the same as it was in the 1960s and if you're investing and developing you've got to consider that layouts could change."
Stuart Lobb, associate at Rapleys, agrees: "The development of EV charging points will continue to be high on the radar, and will likely increase as the big operators roll out their new offerings."
Thinking of selling up?
It is critical for any seller to have their 'house in order' before they think about taking their siteto market.
A checklist of key items you'll need includes:
Ownership and transaction structure ensure that you can offer the property and business in an uncomplicated structure.
Accurate trading information comprehensive management accounts providing a breakdown of both gross profit and overheads are essential.
Compile copies of all supply and maintenance agreements, as well as licences (such as your petroleum licence and premises licence).
Staff information compile copies of all staff contracts and ensure that you are fully complying with all current employment legislation.
Source: Barber Wadlow
Gulf site in Devon sold after strong competition
Beacons for business
ACS welcomes election promises on business rates
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Google's Nexus 7 Takes on Amazon's Kindle Fire
By Samantha Murphy 2012-06-27 18:12:26 UTC
During its Google I/O annual developer conference, Google unveiled a powerful, sleek tablet called the Nexus 7 — the first device that will run on Android's next-generation Jelly Bean mobile operating system.
The price point is extremely competitive: the 8GB model will cost $199, while the 16GB device will be priced at $249. Google is taking pre-orders now and will ship the Nexus 7 in mid-July to the U.S., U.K., Canada and Australia.
The Nexus 7, which was designed to bring the visual experience to life, is optimal for watching movies, playing games and reading e-magazines. It is pre-loaded with the 2011 film Transformers: Dark of the Moon and issues of various publications including Popular Science and the Food Network. It also comes with $20 credit to use in Google Play.
SEE ALSO: Live From the Google I/O Keynote [LIVE BLOG]
The move is a part of an effort to give Amazon's Kindle Fire a run for its money, but Google might run into trouble getting consumers to buy e-books, music and movies on its own platform.
Boasting a 7-inch 1280×800 HD display (216 ppi) and a 12-core CPU, the device packs a heavy punch under its exterior. It's the first 7-inch tablet with a quad-core Nvidia Tegra 3 processor.
The Asus-manufactured Nexus 7 is available in both 8GB and 16GB models and a 4325 mAh battery, which promises nine hours of HD video playback on just one charge.
Other perks include cutting-edge near field communications (NFC) technology, which turns the device into a virtual wallet, as well as GPS, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and a 1.2MP front-facing camera.
Do you think this is an Amazon Kindle Fire killer? Let us know your thoughts in the comments.
Google's I/O Keynote
Google IO 2012 001
Topics: amazon, Android, Dev & Design, Movies, Gadgets, Google, Google I/O, kindle fire, Mobile, Music, Tech, Television
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The 295,000-square-foot building will house the company’s BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences group.
YES, a real estate investment trust (REIT), is one of the largest owners and operators of manufactured housing communities in the country.
Feldman and Zhang found that their approach generated 28 percent higher revenue per customer visit compared to Alibaba’s machine learning approach that used similar features.
The new capital would be used to grow TierPoint’s footprint of data centers, which are mainly based in mid-size U.S. cities, said Bloomberg.
Mohammad Dehghani has been appointed the new chancellor of Missouri University of Science and Technology, effective Aug. 1.
The lawsuit, filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, is an effort to force HUD to release documents concerning the agency’s involvement in a plan to demolish public housing in Wellston, Missouri.
Lee’s Summit Medical Center has nearly 500 employees and 300 medical staff physicians.
Gateway Ambulance sold
Medic One now provide services to St. Louis County, as well as Dunklin, Pemiscot and Butler counties in Eastern Missouri.
Wentzville dealership gets contract for 11 fire trucks from the city of St. Louis
$50 million bond issue passed by voters in November included $14.1 million for equipment for the fire department
Energy company gets $302 million financing for Missouri wind farm
The project is expected to create more than 200 construction jobs and up to 15 full-time jobs when operational.
$50,000 prize winner, other winners announced for Skandy Awards
Washington University’s Skandalaris Center recognized more than a dozen individuals for creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship.
Grain Belt electric transmission line wins MO regulatory approval
Following eight years of setbacks, the new owner of Grain Belt Express Clean Line won…
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THE LOOMING GLOBAL REVOLUTION - TENS OF MILLIONS FACE POVERTY
HERE'S WHAT THE MEXICAN CARTELS WILL DO TO US:
IMAGES OF AMERICA UNDER LA RAZA MEX OCCUPATION:
http://mexicanoccupation.blogspot.com/2013/10/america-la-raza-mexicos-wide-open.html
Tens of millions face poverty unless cities plan for disasters: World Bank
A woman walks past a homeless man sleeping on the street in Beijing April 22, 2013.
REUTERS/Kim Kyung-Hoon/File Photo
By Sebastien Malo
NEW YORK (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - Climate change could plunge tens of millions of city dwellers into poverty in the next 15 years, threatening to undo decades of development efforts, the World Bank said on Wednesday.
Fast-growing cities particularly in the developing world are ill-prepared to deal with increasing climate-related disasters, according to a joint report by the Bank and the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR), which the Bank manages.
Globally more than one billion people - or one in seven people - live on less than $1.25 a day. But that figure could increase by 77 million people by 2030, unless cities planned better for climate-linked disasters, the World Bank said.
The Washington D.C.-based institution called on governments to speed up investments in projects that shield the cities' poorest from the effects of climate change, such as sea-level rise.
"Investing today in resilience measures is fundamental to secure a safe and prosperous future for cities around the world and for people living in them," Ede Ijjasz-Vasquez, a senior director at the Bank, told a press conference.
"We're approaching a tipping point for the safety of cities all over the world."
Experts say securing new urban infrastructure against increasing climate risks will come with a price tag of roughly $1 trillion a year worldwide, according to the Bank.
Failure to make these investments could cost cities $314 billion a year by (which date) from $250 billion per year today, the Bank said.
To help pay the bill, additional private investment will be needed to beef up funds available publicly, the Bank said.
The World Bank's warning came ahead of a U.N. conference on housing and sustainable urban development next week in Ecuador, which aims to set out guidelines for sustainable cities over the next 20 years.
(Reporting by Sebastien Malo, Editing by Katie Nguyen.; Please credit the Thomson Reuters Foundation, the charitable arm of Thomson Reuters, that covers humanitarian news, women's rights, trafficking, property rights and climate change. Visit http://news.trust.org)
SUCKING IN THE BRIBES
THE OBAMA – CLINTON MUSLIM CONSPIRACY:
http://mexicanoccupation.blogspot.com/2016/10/obama-clinton-cronies-americas-9-11.html
“The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has given between $10 and $25 million to the foundation while Friends of Saudi Arabia has contributed between $1 and $5 million,” Schoffstall wrote.
THE ROAD TO REVOLUTION: What Happened in America After the Clinton – Trump Debacle
http://mexicanoccupation.blogspot.com/2016/10/the-road-to-revolution-what-happened-to.html
The two main candidates, Democrat Hillary Clinton and Republican Donald Trump, are the most unpopular political figures in modern US history, each detested by more than half the population, each rightly regarded as a self-serving liar. One is a fascistic bigot and demagogue, the other a stooge of Wall Street and the military-intelligence apparatus.
AMERICA’S TWISTED ROAD TO REVOLUTION:
Fighting back Wall Street’s Looting and Rule
http://mexicanoccupation.blogspot.com/2016/09/america-nation-ruled-wall-streets.html
"Los Angeles saw all crime rise in 2015: violent crime up 19.9 percent, homicides up 10.2 percent, shooting victims up 12.6 percent, rapes up 8.6 percent, robberies up 12.3 percent, and aggravated assault up 27.5 percent," Landry said.”
OBAMA-CLINTONOMICS:
THE FINAL TRANSFER OF AMERICA’ ECONOMY TO THE SUPER RICH!
http://mexicanoccupation.blogspot.com/2016/09/barack-obama-and-his-crony-bankstershow.html
THE GREAT DEPRESSION IS JUST AROUND THE/ALL CORNERS!
Another California City Falls to LA RAZA'S Ethnic Cleansing of the American Legal
The illegal broke into her place.
Using a claw hammer, he beat her, broke her neck and raped her!
Marilyn Pharis was 64 when she died from her assault.
VIVA LA RAZA SUPREMACY AND OPEN BORDERS?
http://mexicanoccupation.blogspot.com/2016/10/marilyn-pharis-64-didnt-vote-for-obamas.html
According to a 2011 report from the Government Accountability Office, there are 70,000 sexual offenses attached to the incarcerated criminal alien population.
What is this crap about Santa Ana being LA RAZA?
The whole fucking State of Mexifornia is nothing but a colony of Mexico!
The La Raza MexGov of CA hands the invading Mexicans 30 BILLION PER YEAR IN SOCIAL BENEFITS.... Mexicans also cause half the murders!
MEX-OCCUPIED LOS ANGELES, AMERICA'S SECOND LARGEST CITY, IS 90% MEX.
WHO'S WRITING ABOUT THAT?
THE COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES HANDS LA RAZA ONE BILLION YEARLY FOR THE DEM PARTY'S ANCHOR BABY BREEDING PROGRAM TO ASSURE EMPLOYERS OF GENERATIONS OF "CHEAP" LABOR.
THE COUNTY of LOS ANGELES ESTIMATES THAT THE TAX-FREE MEX ECONOMY IS IN EXCESS OF A BILLION YEARLY!
MEXICO ETHNICALLY CLEANSES ANOTHER CALIFORNIA CITY
A NATION IN BORDER MELTDOWN:
MILLIONS OF JOBS TO ILLEGALS AND BILLIONS IN WELFARE
MEXICO WILL DOUBLE AMERICA’S POPULATION
IMMIGRANT SHARE OF ADULTS QUADRUPLED IN 232 COUNTIES
http://mexicanoccupation.blogspot.com/2016/09/america-third-world-country-democrat.html
"More than 728,000 illegal immigrants have been shielded from being deported and
granted work permits through President Barack Obama’s 2012 executive amnesty
program, according to the Migration Policy Institute."
HOW MEXICO KILLED AMERICA FROM BORDER to OPEN BORDER…. By invitation of the Democrat Party
http://mexicanoccupation.blogspot.com/2016/10/how-mexico-killed-america-from-border.html
Ethnic cleansing used to be a bad thing. But in America, when it happens to white people, it's called progress and the "new face of California." The town of Santa Ana has been almost 100% purged of white people. They were...
Ethnic cleansing? California town now less than 10 percent white
By Ed Straker
Ethnic cleansing used to be a bad thing. But in America, when it happens to white people, it's called progress and the "new face of California."
The town of Santa Ana has been almost 100% purged of white people. They were pushed out not by tanks and machine guns, but by a massive influx of people speaking a different language and bearing a different culture who expected everyone to adapt to their norms.
Today Santa Ana is nearly 80% Hispanic and less than 10% white. We have a city in America that now demographically perfectly mirrors many cities in Mexico.
Vicente Sarmiento remembers when the local Republican Party here posted uniformed guards at polling stations in a closely fought State Assembly race three decades ago and they hoisted signs in English and Spanish warning that noncitizens were prohibited from voting. The guards were removed after state elections officials threatened legal action.
Such tactics would never take place today in this city 35 miles southeast of Los Angeles, where Mr. Sarmiento is now the mayor pro tem.
Everyone votes now, whether citizen or non-citizen, living or otherwise.
Immigrants living illegally in California are entitled to driver's licenses. Their children can receive state-funded health insurance. Local law enforcement officials generally do not provide information to federal immigration authorities.
1) Illegals get instant legitimacy with driver's licenses.
2) Illegals eagerly suck on the welfare teat.
3) Illegals in positions of power cooperate in helping more illegals come and stay here.
The historic downtown is clustered around what the official city map calls "Fourth Street," but everyone here knows as "Calle Cuatro."
A twirl of the dial on a car radio reveals a choice of Spanish-language stations. The sidewalks of Calle Cuatro are lined with stands selling churritos and tostilocos. "It's like everyone knows that Día de los Muertos is going to be just as big and important of a celebration as the Fourth of July."
That's the problem. The culture of our documented and undocumented visitors has replaced our own. They are not even giving lip service to assimilating anymore; they are replacing American culture with their own and are proud of it.
One lingering issue is voting rules. Although Santa Ana has an all-Latino City Council, there are no Latino Council members in neighboring Anaheim, even though the city is almost half Latino.
All Latino city council in Santa Ana = good.
All white council members in Anaheim = bad.
... job postings across California routinely require applicants to speak Spanish.
But they aren't required to speak English?
Mayor Eric Garcetti of Los Angeles, who is fluent in Spanish, said he makes a point at news conferences of setting aside time to speak to Spanish-language media.
"We are well past the tipping point – everywhere," Mr. Garcetti said.
... local activists pressed the Council to end a longstanding contract with federal immigration authorities to house immigrants who entered the country illegally in the city jail.
Perhaps they can be placed in Anaheim until Anaheim reaches the "tipping point" as well.
If millions of white people moved to Mexico, imposed their own culture, and demanded that everyone speak English, they'd be kicked out of the country. But in America, we have surrendered our own culture, even our own language, in this silent invasion. And because illegal immigration brings in largely low-skilled people who can be easily addicted to welfare and become model Democratic voters, liberals love it.
Ed Straker is the senior writer at NewsMachete.com.
Racial diversity, we are told, is a great thing – unless the people moving in are white. That's why it's no surprise that a heavily Hispanic neighborhood of Los Angeles is calling for "white" art galleries to pack up and...
Hispanic Los Angeles neighborhood tells 'white' art galleries: 'Get out!'
Racial diversity, we are told, is a great thing – unless the people moving in are white. That's why it's no surprise that a heavily Hispanic neighborhood of Los Angeles is calling for "white" art galleries to pack up and get out.
The message on the steel roll-up gate of Mihai Nicodim's gallery could not have been clearer: With obscene language, the spray-painted words condemned what they labeled "white art."
It was not the first time Mr. Nicodim had been targeted by activists in Boyle Heights, a neighborhood long seen as the heart of Los Angeles's Mexican-American community. Just days before, two cars pulled in front of his gallery during an opening and the passengers, their faces covered in bandannas, hurled potatoes, hitting one woman in the leg. At the opening of another gallery, protesters threw beer bottles through the windows.
Earlier this fall, activists placed mock eviction notices in front of galleries. Marching down the street, they shouted "fuera!" — "out!" — and carried signs declaring "Keep Beverly Hills Out of Boyle Heights."
The activists in the neighborhood are making no apologies for the radical tactics and portray themselves as defenders of working-class neighborhoods in the city. They look to other neighborhoods, such as Echo Park and Silver Lake, that were once working class and are now filled with upscale bakeries that sell artisan doughnuts and have replaced mom-and-pop taco shops....
The gallery owners see the focus on race as misplaced and unfair. After Eva Chimento opened Chimento Contemporary last year, she said, two activists came into her gallery, threatened her and demanded that she show Latino artists.
When some people protest low-income minorities moving into their neighborhoods, they are called racist, and the Justice Department immediately swoops in to investigate. When white people try to open businesses in minority neighborhoods, they are called "gentrifiers," and the government is silent. It's part of a continuing trend of the government to treat white people as second-class citizens, and all it does is breed racial resentment.
Ironically, most art is neither "white" nor "non-white" unless it's specifically focused on race. It's merely art. But demonstrators see too many art galleries and too few taco shops, which is only one way the massive wave of illegal immigration is remaking America.
Illegal border crossings from Mexico into U.S. up 23 percent from 2015
by UPI18 Oct 2016
WASHINGTON, Oct. 18 (UPI) — The total apprehensions by U.S. Border Patrol agents of people trying to illegally cross the border between the United States and Mexico increased in 2016 from last year but is lower than the two years prior.
In 2016, there were 408,870 total apprehensions, a 23 percent increase from 2015 in which there were 331,333 apprehensions, U.S. Department of Homeland Security Secretary Jeh Johnson said in a statement. The 2016 numbers, though, represent a 14.7 percent decrease from the 479,371 apprehensions in 2014, and a 1.3 percent decrease from the 414,397 apprehensions in 2013.
“The demographics of illegal migration on our southern border has changed significantly over the last 15 years — far fewer Mexicans and single adults are attempting to cross the border without authorization, but more families and unaccompanied children are fleeing poverty and violence in Central America,” Johnson wrote.
The number of Central Americans apprehended at the southern border outnumbered Mexicans for the first time in 2014, and in 2016 the situation occurred again, Johnson added.
In 2016, there were 59,692 unaccompanied children, 77,674 people who attempted to cross the border as a family, and 271,504 individuals who attempted to cross the border illegally.
Johnson said that though President Barack Obama’s administration has “endeavored to enforce the immigration laws in a fair and humane way … the reality is the system is broken, and badly need of comprehensive immigration reform that only Congress can provide.”
Johnson called on Congress and the United States’ next president, likely to be either Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton or Republican nominee Donald Trump, to “make smart investments in border security technology, equipment and other resources.”
“Border security alone cannot overcome the powerful push factors of poverty and violence that exist in Central America. Walls alone cannot prevent illegal migration,” Johnson wrote. “Ultimately, the solution is long-term investment in Central America to address the underlying push factors in the region.”
HISPANIC FAMILY VALUES:
Mexican flag wavers loot the stupid gringo for billions!
Mexico’s massive looting in our open borders:
http://mexicanoccupation.blogspot.com/2009/07/hispanic-family-values-or-runaway.html
Your neighborhood will be next to fall to LA RAZA!
BARACK OBAMA AND THE LA RAZA MEXICAN DRUG CARTELS….
There’s more than one way to destroy America’s white middle class!
http://mexicanoccupation.blogspot.com/2016/08/barack-obama-money-launderer-to-mexican.html
HSBC laundered hundreds of millions and perhaps billions of dollars for drug cartels responsible for the deaths of tens of thousands of people over the past two decades. The bank transferred at least $881 million of known drug trafficking proceeds, including money from the Sinaloa Cartel in
Mexico, which is known for dismembering its victims and publicly displaying their body parts.
OPEN BORDERS: The Democrat Party’s Weapon of Mass Destruction on
the American Worker
BUILDING THE MEXICAN CARTELS IN THE AMERICAN BURBS!
MEXIFORNIA (Formerly California) NOW UNDER NARCOMEX CONTROL
Suspected Illegal Alien Marijuana Farmers Held Workers Hostage: ICE
http://mexicanoccupation.blogspot.com/2016/09/la-raza-mexican-occupied-california-mex.html
MEXIFORNIA.... welcomes Mexico's DRUG CARTELS... but first register to vote DEM!
THE OBAMA DOCTRINE: Destroy America With Open Borders
As Breitbart Texas has been reporting, the area known as the Rio Grande Valley has been pushed to the forefront of the illegal immigration debate. Mexican cartel smugglers have taken full advantage of the system in order to maximize their profits from human smuggling as well as the smuggling of illegal aliens. In 2014, Mexico’s Gulf Cartel was able to make approximately $38 million in a matter of months off human smuggling alone.
http://mexicanoccupation.blogspot.com/2016/09/obama-floods-americas-open-borders-with.html
Hillary Clinton and Mexico announce Obama’s AMNESTY for all Democrat voting illegals!
http://mexicanoccupation.blogspot.com/2016/09/america-no-legal-need-apply-number-of.html
OBAMA DOCTRINE: KEEP AMERICA’S BORDERS OPEN AND UNDEFENDED AND CATCH AND RELEASE MEXICO’S INVADING CRIMINAL CLASS…. So they go vote democrat!
http://mexicanoccupation.blogspot.com/2016/08/the-obama-doctrine-of-open-borders.html
"More than 728,000 illegal immigrants have been shielded from being deported and granted work permits through President Barack Obama’s 2012 executive amnesty program, according to the Migration Policy Institute."
LEADING MEMBERS OF THE LA RAZA DEMOCRAT PARTY:
http://www.illegalaliencrimereport.com/
THE OBAMA DOCTRINE: Let the Mexicans Destroy America
…. Amnesty will destroy the GOP, white and black middle America, keep wages depressed and build the LA RAZA SUPREMACY DEMOCRAT PARTY
http://mexicanoccupation.blogspot.com/2015/12/amnesty-hoax-to-keep-wages-depressed.html
$640,000 and breeding anchor babies like bunnies
MURDER, RAPE, LOOT and VOTE DEM FOR MORE!
EACH ILLEGAL WILL COST THE AMERICAN PEOPLE $640,000 and then they go breed anchor babies for more!
http://mexicanoccupation.blogspot.com/2016/09/immigrants-cost-legals-640000-how.html
WHO ARE THE LA RAZA MEXICAN INVADERS?
ANIMAL ABUSE AND THE MEXICAN
RAPE, MURDER, ANIMAL ABUSE, HOME INVASION and then vote DEMOCRAT FOR MORE
http://mexicanoccupation.blogspot.com/2016/10/mexican-invading-illegal-fermin-rivera.html
Fermin Rivera, 28, allegedly beat a puppy to death while trying to break into a neighborhood home. During the attempted burglary, Rivera had broken into the backyard but was met with barking by a small puppy. Surveillance cameras show Rivera subsequently “cornered the Bichon-Maltese mix, lifted the dog over his head and slammed it down with all his strength on the concrete slab twice.” River is now reportedly “facing felony counts of animal cruelty charges and attempted burglary charges.” Rivera is reportedly on an immigration hold.
2,000 CALIFORNIANS HAVE BEEN MURDERED BY MEXICANS..... WHO THEN FLED BACK OVER THE OPE BORDER TO AVOID PROSECUTION
CLINTON’S PROMISE OF AMNESTY IN A 100 DAYS!
HILLARY CLINTON AND THE CONSPIRACY WITH THE MEXICAN FASCIST PARTY of LA RAZA “THE RACE” TO SURRENDER AMERICA’S BORDERS, DESTROY THE GOP WITH MILLIONS OF MEX VOTERS AND EXPAND THE MEX WELFARE STATE ON AMERICA’S BACKS
http://mexicanoccupation.blogspot.com/2016/08/la-raza-supremacist-hillary-clinton.html
OBAMA’S MEXICAN FASCIST PARTY OF LA RAZA “The Race” GIFT TO HILLARIA:
OPEN BORDERS AND A MILLION MEXICAN CRIMINAL LINING UP TO VOTE FOR MORE LA RAZA SUPREMACY!
http://mexicanoccupation.blogspot.com/2016/07/child-rapist-carlos-esparaza-was-only.html
Most Americans (legals) would be appalled to know that from day one the Obomb has funded the MEXICAN FASCIST PARTY of LA RAZA “The Race” with U.S. tax dollars and this racist party has operated out of the white house under LA RAZA V.P. Cecilia Munoz.
TOM TANCREDO:
THE CLINTON, OBAMA AND PAUL RYAN CONSPIRACY TO SABOTAGE HOMELAND SECURITY.
http://mexicanoccupation.blogspot.com/2016/08/tom-tancredo-only-barack-obama-and.html
WE ARE SOON TO BE A ONE PARTY NATION WITH OPEN BORDERS FOR THE MEXICAN HORDES AS THEY JUMP OUR JOBS, WELFARE OFFICES AND VOTING BOOTHS WAVING THEIR MEXICAN FLAGS!
INVADING ILLEGALS = UNREGISTERED DEMS
925k CRIMINAL ILLEGALS NOT DEPORTED
OBAMA’S OPEN BORDERS TO DESTROY THE AMERICAN MIDDLE CLASS - MILLIONS OF INVADING CRIMINALS NOT DEPORTED
http://mexicanoccupation.blogspot.com/2016/07/bonifacio-oseguera-gonzalez-is-illegal.html
THE BEST WAY TO SOLVE AMERICA’S UNEMPLOYMENT CRISIS IS TO PUSH THE BORDERS OPEN WIDER AND PROMISE JOBS, WELFARE AND BETTER LOOTING AFTER THE ELECTION!
Sen. Kaine: Immigration Is ‘Like Transfusion Of Fresh Blood Into The Bloodstream’
http://hillaryclinton-whitecollarcriminal.blogspot.com/2016/07/open-borders-keeps-wages-for-legals.html
THE OBAMA SOLUTION TO END WHITE CHRISTIAN AMERICA:
DRUG ADDICTION!!!
MEXICO: AMERICA’S DRUG DEALER!
The same period has seen a massive growth of social inequality, with income and wealth concentrated at the very top of American society to an extent not seen since the 1920s.
http://mexicanoccupation.blogspot.com/2016/08/obama-clintonomics-their-crony.html
“This study follows reports released over the past several months documenting rising mortality rates among US workers due to drug addiction and suicide, high rates of infant mortality, an overall leveling off of life expectancy, and a growing gap between the life expectancy of the bottom rung of income earners compared to those at the top.”
THE CLINTON “JOBS” PLAN ENDORSED BY NARCOMEX – IT’S
CALLED AMNESTY!
Clinton, in the guise of a “jobs” and “infrastructure” program, promoted yet another scheme to hand out tax cuts and other incentives for companies to hire workers at poverty-level wages, with the trade unions brought in to keep the workers in line in return for a cut in the spoils.
http://hillaryclinton-whitecollarcriminal.blogspot.com/2016/08/the-obama-clinton-assault-on-white.html
KILLERY KROOKED KLINTON KLONE SEN. TIM
KAINE'S OPEN BORDERS AND THE MEXICAN
GANGS HE PROTECTS WITH ENDLESS
PROMISES OF AMNESTY!
http://hillaryclinton-whitecollarcriminal.blogspot.com/2016/07/la-raza-suprmacist-tim-kaines-long.html
Build the La Raza Democrat Party base with open borders, no ID to vote Democrat, no E-VERIFY and NO DAMNED LEGAL NEED TO APPLY.
Keeping wages DEPRESSED with endless hordes of looting Mexicans invading keeps these corrupt politicians’ paymasters on Wall Street generous$.
http://mexicanoccupation.blogspot.com/2016/09/america-no-damned-legal-need-apply-us.html
"Republicans should call for lower immigration to stop the Democrat voter recruitment. But more importantly, all Americans should call for lower immigration in order to offer a better opportunity of finding jobs for those millions of their fellow Americans of all political persuasions who would like to work."
MILLIONS OF AMERICAN JOBS HANDED OVER TO ILLEGALS ALONG WITH BILLIONS IN WELFARE.... AND THE PARTY HAS JUST BEGUN!
THE DEMOCRAT PARTY PLATFORM:
NO DAMNED LEGAL NEED APPLY!
VIVA LA RAZA FASCISM? THEN VOTE DEM!
http://mexicanoccupation.blogspot.com/2016/07/hillary-clinton-and-mexicos-vision-of.html
Mexican Illegal Alien Deported Ten Times Since 2010 Charged With Child Rape
Scott Olson/Getty Images
by KATIE MCHUGH14 Oct 2016271
A Mexican illegal alien allegedly raped a girl in Kansas in September after being deported ten times in the past six years alone, according to reports.
Tomas Martinez-Maldonado, reportedly born around 1978, allegedly raped his child victim on September 27.
“ICE said in an email that Martinez-Maldonado, a citizen of Mexico, has been deported back to Mexico from the U.S. 10 times since 2010,” the Kansas City Star reports. “ICE also said he has a 2013 federal felony conviction for illegal re-entry into the U.S., making him an enforcement priority for ICE, which means the agency would take custody of him when his case in Kansas is completed.”
Local outlet the Hay Post reports that Martinez-Maldonado allegedly raped the 12-year-old on a Greyhound bus.
Illegal aliens from nations including Mexico commit sex crimes against children in the U.S. at an alarming rate. Breitbart News has extensively covered the disturbing trend:
Rape Trees, Dead Migrants and the Consequences of an Open Border
Illegal Immigrant Convicted of Breaking into Apartment, Raping Sleeping Six-Year-Old
Illegal Immigrant Charged for Kidnapping, Raping 6-Year-Old Texas Girl
Mexican Nationals Arrested on Multiple Child Rape Charges
Cops: Illegal Immigrant Arrested for Raping, Impregnating 12-Year-Old in TX
Texas Police: Suspected Illegal Alien Sexually Assaulted 7-Year-Old Girl
Previously-Deported Illegal Immigrant Charged with Raping Child Under 13
Mexican Illegal Alien Arrested for Allegedly Kidnapping, Raping 13-Year-Old
Salvadoran Illegal Aliens Charged in Gang Rape of 3 Young Girls
Martinez-Maldonado is held on $100,000 bond and is represented by a public defender.
LA RAZA SUPREMACIST HILLARY CLINTON’S TRILLIN DOLLAR WELFARE HANDOUT TO NARCOMEX!
Hillary Clinton's plan to bring 11 million illegal aliens "out of the shadows" would cost American households an immediate tax increase of $1.2 trillion, or $15,000 per household, according to a study by the National Academy of Sciences.
ICE COUNCIL PRESIDENT CHRIS CRANE:
Prepare for the violence Hillary’s illegals will bring
http://mexicanoccupation.blogspot.com/2016/11/ice-council-president-chris-crane.html
LA RAZA ETHNIC CLEASING IN CALIFORNIA….
SANTA ANA SURRENDERS TO LA RAZA FASCIST MOVEMENT
Another California City Waves the Mexican Flag
http://mexicanoccupation.blogspot.com/2016/10/another-california-city-falls-to-la.html
THE LOOMING GLOBAL REVOLUTION - TENS OF MILLIO...
Another California City Falls to LA RAZA'S Ethnic ...
MEXIFORNIA: THE CITY OF SANTA ANA PROUDLY FLIES TH...
The Clinton Global Partnership With Muslim Dictato...
THE OBAMA - CLINTON CONSPIRACY FOR THEIR PAYMASTER...
OBAMA - CLINTON CRONIES, AMERICA'S 9-11 INVADERS, ...
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30A Local Properties, Inc and its technology provider, Kunversion, fully support the principles of the Fair Housing Act (Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968), as amended, which generally prohibits discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of dwellings, and in other housing-related transactions, based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, familial status (including children under the age of 18 living with parents of legal custodians, pregnant women, and people securing custody of children under the age of 18), and handicap (disability). As an adjunct to the foregoing commitment, both 30A Local Properties, Inc and Kunversion actively promote, and are committed to, creating and fostering an environment of diversity throughout their respective organizations and franchise systems, and each views such a concept as a critical component to the on-going success of their business operations.
" “We had the opportunity to work with Murray Balkcom last fall to purchase our home in Watercolor. Murray was diligent in understanding our needs and concerns around the purchase of a second home in the 30A area. Murray was mindful of our needs, budget and preferences in scheduling properties for viewing and provided honest and fair feedback on each of the properties we viewed. Murray’s experience in the marketplace proved extraordinarily helpful; whether working out details with the sellers agents, recommending businesses for touch ups and repairs or suggesting a property management company, it was clear he understands the ins and outs of the 30A corridor. Beyond his professionalism and marketplace expertise, Murray is a genuine person who loves what he does and makes the experience enjoyable and memorable for his clients. When the time comes to list our Water Color home, you can be sure Murray will be our listing agent.” "
- Jim and Candy
Destin Beaches East
Miramar Beach Southeast
Mossy Head
Point Washington
Sandestin Resort
Southwest Walton South
West Panama City Beach
30A Local Properties, Inc
35 Clayton Lane Suite B
Listing data provided by: Emerald Coast Association of REALTORS®, Inc. This database was last updated on July 17, 2019 9:03 AM.
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From Moon Goddesses to Virgins: The Colonization of Yucatecan Maya Sexual Desire
TWO: Religion and Family
Pete Sigal
T W O Religion and Family At the time of the Spanish conquest, Maya religious thought provided society with a rigorously ordered system. The Maya family unit, the household group, was part of an extended network of kin that was an orderly unit which derived from the gods. Religion asserted moral boundaries that were reified by the perceived actions of the gods. Family/household was the place within which much psychosexual development occurred. In this chapter I seek not to give the reader an overview of colonial Maya culture, which she or he can find elsewhere,1 but rather to present the central aspects of religion and family that related to Maya notions of sexual desire. From preconquest to late colonial times, Maya religion and family were restructured in such a way that the Maya communities understood both a hybridized religious structure in which the Christian God, Jesus, the Virgin Mary, and the Catholic saints were among the many gods they worshipped, and a hybridized family which included a small discrete family unit within the extended lineage group. RELIGION Maya religious traditions at the time of the conquest were based on a system which contained many gods who were thought to have control over all aspects of life. The sacred world was seen as extremely powerful, and a series of priests had high official positions in the Maya hierarchy. The gods required the people to engage in significant amounts of warfare and a wide variety of types of sacrifice. In the early colonial period the Franciscans and other clergy who participated in instructing the Maya expressed dismay at Maya resistance to their instruction. The clergy wanted the Maya to accept a monotheistic system which prohibited idolatry and the practice of any type of blood sacri- fice. They were only partly successful in this instruction. Maya religious traditions contextualized sexual desire so much that most of this book analyzes religion and ritual. At the time of the conquest, the Maya believed that the gods engaged in sexual activity with each other in order to create the people. Some gods had many sexual partners, while others were relatively circumspect in their sexual activity. The Catholic clergy preached instead that there was just one God, and he did not engage in any sexual activity . Virginity, chastity, and monogamy were to be the main sexual values of the new religion. But the Maya altered these values to develop a mixed religious tradition. Preconquest Religious Worship From birth to death, the sacred sphere regulated life for the Maya people. Upon a child’s birth, sacred diviners told kin what the child’s life had in store for him or her. As the boy grew up, he was educated in religious lore. When he was old enough, he was trained in the community house, and he was taught the sacred aspects of warfare, farming, and hunting. The girl was trained in the household, and she was taught how to keep the domestic religious shrines. The gods regulated the harvest, so the survival of the group depended on divine intervention. Marriage was seen as a sacred religious ritual event. Death was marked by more religious ceremonies, and Maya ancestors were venerated as their spirits and bodies were thought to protect the household. After death, almost all people were thought to go to the underworld, while a few went to the heavens. The sacred world controlled life processes, and the sacred had a great amount of power over everything. Maya religion at the time of the conquest had a ritually based structure which asserted social stratification. Nobles controlled the rituals and access to many of the gods. They ran the priesthood, and they were trained more extensively in religious lore. There are four aspects of preconquest religion that are analyzed here: gods, the priesthood, ceremonies, and the gendered structure. Religion and Family 1 9 1 . G O D S . Based on preconquest codices and archaeological and epigraphic evidence, scholars have found that the Maya gods most often were devised in groups of four, which could be considered to be separate gods or one god. Among certain gods, each of the four parts was associated with its own direction and color.2 The four parts represented duality, as one part signified the opposite of the other. For example, one part of a god might signify life, where another part could signify death. The god thus could represent Maya thoughts on the relationship between...
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80's Super Hits
30 songs (1 hour and 58 minutes) Released on April 1, 2008
Always Something There To Remind Me
Don't You (Forget About Me)
Hit Me With Your Best Shot (2002 - Remaster)
White Wedding - Part 1 (2001- Remaster)
Red Red Wine (Edit)
(I Just) Died in Your Arms
Straight Up (Single Version)
She Blinded Me With Science
If This Is It (2006 Digital Remaster)
We Belong (2002 - Remaster)
Back To Life (However Do You Want Me) (Accapella) (feat. Caron Wheeler) [feat. Caron Wheeler]
Soul II Soul feat. Caron Wheeler
The Stroke
Every Rose Has Its Thorn (2003 - Remaster)
Sunglasses At Night (1992 - Remaster)
I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)
The Proclaimers
Love Is A Battlefield (Edit) (2005 Digital Remaster)
Let's Dance (Single Version) (2002 - Remaster)
℗ Compilation 2008 Capitol Records, Inc.. All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is a violation of applicable laws. Manufactured by Capitol Catalog, © 2008 Capitol Records, Inc.
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100 Exam Chillout Pieces
Edvard Grieg, Johannes Brahms & Sergei Rachmaninoff
100 Titres (7 heures et 14 minutes) Sorti le 24 septembre 2014
Liebestraum No. 3, S. 541
Leonard Pennario
Gnossiennes: I. -
Martin Jacoby
Gymnopédies No. 1
Canon and Gigue in D Major
Consort of London
Theme and Variations in B-Flat Major, Op. 19: Variation 2
Artur Pizarro
Nocturne No. 20 in C Sharp Minor, Op. posth.
Cristina Ortiz
Bagatelle No. 25 in A Minor, WoO 59, "Für Elise"
Kinderszenen, Op. 15: VII. Träumerei
Hollywood Bowl Orchestra
Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben Cantata, BWV 147: X. Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring
Richard Tilling
Peer Gynt Suite No. 1, Op. 46: I. Morning Mood
Plovdiv Philharmonic Orchestra
Étude, Op. 10: No. 3 in E Major
Hollywood Bowl Symphony Orchestra
Études-Tableaux, Op. 33: No. 2 in C Major
Vladimir Horowitz
Arabeske in C Major, Op. 18
Concerto for Guitar & Viola d'amore in D Minor, RV 540: II. Largo
Wiener Solisten
Suite bergamasque, L. 75: III. Clair de lune
Northern String Quartet
Goldberg Variations, BWV 988: I. Aria
Obras desconocidas: I. Cancion
3 Pieces, Op. 2: Etude
D'un cahier d'esquisses
Fou Ts'Ong
Adagio for Strings, Op. 11
Scheherazade, Op. 35: III. The Young Prince and the Young Princess
The Lark Ascending
Impresiones intimas: I. 4 Quejas (4 Complaints): No. 2. Andante
Symphony No. 9 in E Minor, Op. 95, B. 178, "From the New World": II. Largo
Le quattro stagioni, Concerto No. 1 in E Major, Op. 8, RV 269, "Spring" : III. Allegro pastorale
Mayfair Philharmonic Orchestra
Le quattro stagioni, Concerto No. 3 in F Major, Op. 8, RV 293, "Autumn": I. Allegro
Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 in D Major, BWV 1050: II. Affettuoso
Vienna State Opera Orchestra
24 Preludes, Op. 28: Prelude No. 4 in E Minor
Waltz in A Minor, Op. 34, No. 2
Piano Sonata No. 8 in C Minor, Op. 13, "Pathétique": I. Grave - Allegro di molto e con brio
Raymond Lewenthal
Madama Butterfly, Act II: "Un bel dì"
George Feyer
Fantasia No. 3 in D Minor, K. 397
Apparitions, S. 155: I. Senza lentezza quasi Allegretto
Iren Marik
Lyric Pieces, Op. 54: IV. Notturno
Nocturnes, L. 91: I. Nuages
LOrchestre de la Suisse Romande
Pavane in F-Sharp Minor, Op. 50
The Chamber Orchestra Of Rome
Orchestral Suite No. 3 in D Major, BWV 1068: II. Air
Rondo in D Major, K. 485
Pavane pour une infante défunte
Capital City Symphony
Zwei Konzertetüden, S. 145: I. Waldesrauschen
Prelude in E-Flat Major, Op. 23, No. 6
Brron Janis
Le quattro stagioni, Concerto No. 4 in F Minor, Op. 8, RV 297, "Winter": II. Largo
A Midsummer Night's Dream, Incidental Music, Op. 61: Nocturne
String Quartet No. 2 in D Major: III. Notturno. Andante
Britten Quartet
Le Onde
Comptine d'un autre été, l'après midi
Motet in D Major, K. 618: Ave verum corpus (Arr. for String Quartet)
Guitar Concerto in D Major, RV 93: II. Largo
Symphony No. 36 in C Major, K. 425, "Linz": II. Andante
New Pizzicato-Polka, Op. 449
Hungarian Dances, WoO 1: Dance No. 1 in G Minor
Concerto in A Major for Violin and Guitar: II. Adagio
Piano Concerto No. 1 in B-Flat Minor, Op. 23: II. Andantino semplice
Philippe Entremont
Symphony No. 41 in C Major, K. 551 "Jupiter": II. Andante cantabile
4 Norwegian Dances, Op. 35: Dance No. 2 in A Major
Sixteen Waltzes, Op. 39: Waltz No. 15 in A Major
Piano Sonata in B-Flat Major, K. 333: III. Allegretto grazioso
Denis Matthews
The Ludlows
New Moon [The Meadow]
Symphony No. 37 in G Major, K. 444 : II. Andante sostenuto
Sonata No. 5 for Strings in E-Flat Major: II. Andante
Zagreb Soloists
Annen-Polka, Op. 137
The Boskovsky Ensemble
Piano Sonata No. 8 in C Minor, Op. 13, "Pathétique": III. Rondo
Waldszenen, Op. 82: III. Einsame blumen
Whilhelm Backhaus
Waldszenen, Op. 82: VII. Vogel als prophet
Piano Concerto No. 1 in F-Sharp Minor, Op. 1: II. Andante cantabile
Byron Janis
Concerto for Viola, Strings & Continuo in G Major, TWV 51G9: I. Largo
Piano Sonata No. 8 in A Minor, K. 310: II. Andante cantabile con espressione
Quartet in D Minor, Op. 76, No. 2, "Fifths": II. Andante o più tosto allegretto
Fine Arts Quartet
Serenade No. 11 for Wind Instruments in E-Flat Major, K. 375: III. Adagio
Everest Woodwind Octet
L'Arlésienne: III. Adagietto
Variations on an Original Theme for Orchestra, Op. 36 "Enigma": IX. "Nimrod"
The Hallé
Concerto for Oboe, Strings & Continuo in E Minor, TWV 51e1: I. Andante
Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 35: II. Canzonetta. Andante
Concerto for Violin, Strings & Continuo in A Minor, TWV 51a2: II. Andante
Symphony No. 3 in E-Flat Major, Op. 97, "Rhenish": III. Nicht schnell
Serenade No. 12 for wind Instruments in C Minor, K. 388, "Nacht Musique": II. Andante
Lieutenant Kijé Suite, Op. 60: II. Romance
Concerto for Oboe, Strings & Continuo in E Minor, TWV 51e1: III. Largo
Concerto for Oboe, Strings & Continuo in D Minor, TWV 51d1: I. Adagio
The Magic Flute, K. 620, Act II: March of the Priests
Piano Concerto in A Minor, Op. 54: II. Intermezzo. Andantino grazioso
L'enfant prodigue, L. 57: Cortège et air de dance
Piano Concerto No. 2 in A Major, S. 125: II. Allegro moderato
Julius Katchen
Piano Quintet in A Major, D. 667, "Trout Quintet": V. Allegro giusto
Fine Arts Quartet, Frank Glazer & Harold Siegel
Written on the Sky
The Mood that Passes Through You
Tomorrow's Song
Interplay: Gavotte
The Boston Pops Orchestra
Suite No. 3 from Romeo and Juliet, Op. 101: III. Juliet
The NBC Symphony Orchestra
Sonata No. 6 for Strings in D Major: II. Andante assai
Hungarian Sketches, Sz. 97: I. An Evening in the Villiage
Roméo et Juliette, Act V: Le sommiel de Juliette
Spirituals for String Choir and Orchestra: II. Sermon
Walter Susskind
La jolie fille de Perth, Suite: II. Sérénade
Divertissement: III. Nocturne
(C) 2014 Basilica Music
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This brash Pennsylvania native has made herself a household name thanks to her unique brand of pop music spiked with punk and R&B edges. She’s blessed with a powerful voice—literally and figuratively—that she uses to empower listeners and skewer anyone (or anything) in her path. The Truth About Love is P!nk’s sixth studio affair and her first since becoming a mother. The album includes two exclusive bonus tracks and the lead single, “Blow Me (One Last Kiss).” That track is a glittering, glammy dance anthem that finds P!nk in classic form, belting vinegar-tinged verses about letting go of people who’ve held her back.
The Truth About Love P!nk
Are We All We Are
Blow Me (One Last Kiss)
Just Give Me a Reason (feat. Nate Ruess)
True Love (feat. Lily Allen)
How Come You're Not Here
Slut Like You
Here Comes the Weekend (feat. Eminem)
Where Did the Beat Go?
Chaos & Piss
℗ 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment
More By P!nk
Greatest Hits...So Far!!!
Funhouse (Deluxe Version)
Stronger (Deluxe Version)
rose ave.
North (Deluxe Version)
Karmin
Samantha Jade
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Contact No. : + 603 7118 2062|Email: minds.secretariat@gmail.com
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Yang Amat Berbahagia Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad is a Malaysian politician who served as a Prime Minister during 1981-2003. To date, he is the longest-serving holder of that office. For his efforts to promote the economic development of the country, Mahathir has been granted the sobriquet of Father of Modern Malaysia.
Tan Sri Datuk Dr Omar Abdul Rahman (Advisor)
Academician Professor Emeritus Tan Sri Datuk Dr Omar Abdul Rahman
Academician Professor Emeritus Tan Sri Datuk Dr Omar Abdul Rahman is a Malaysian academician and corporate figure. He is currently the President and Chief Executive Officer of the MUST Ehsan Foundation, a not for profit foundation that currently manages and administers the Malaysia University of Science and Technology. He was the first science advisor to Prime Minister Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad. He was also the Founding President of the Academy of Sciences, Malaysia.
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is an American molecular biologist, geneticist and one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA.
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is arguably one of the inventors of USB flash drive. He is even regarded as “father of Pendrive” in Malaysia.
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Tiachung
Taiwan: Sights, smells, and sounds-Diary of a Mad Expat, pt. 20
July 24, 2015 September 18, 2017 Mikeka FellezLeave a comment
19 July, 2015 – Taichung, Taiwan
Come a little closer, then you’ll see
Come on, come on, come on
Things aren’t always what they seem to be
Do you understand the things that you’ve been seeing
Do you understand the things that you’ve been dreaming
“Come a Little Closer”, by Cage the Elephant
Welcome back, everyone! Today, I thought I’d go through the sights, sounds, and smells of Taiwan in general, and Taichung specifically. So let’s get started!
The sights can often vary from one place to another. Where we stayed at first in Taoyuan, it was definitely more upscale than the neighborhood we live in now. The streets were cleaner, the buildings were nicer and more pristine looking. Our second hotel in Taoyuan, by the airport, was more comforting, because it FELT more like a hotel, which was what we needed at the time. However, the neighborhood was dirtier, and looked older than the neighborhood across town at our first hotel. The area near our hotel in Hsinchu was somewhere in between the two places we stayed at in Taoyuan. So too, was our last hotel, here, in Taichung. Our own neighborhood…well, let’s just say it has character. It’s definitely in a lower working class neighborhood, except that it’s filled with a lot of old people who don’t work much anymore, except for the street vendors. The streets themselves aren’t all that clean, particularly right after the market closes at about 2pm. It’s not at clean as Hong Kong, but it’s certainly cleaner than Hanoi.
As I may have mentioned before, our little apartment building is nestled in between other apartment buildings in the area, with very narrow lanes separating them. There’s a park in one direction down the street, and a massive elementary school in the other direction. A word about that: most schools here are massive by American standards. They usually take up a city block, and are anywhere from 2-5 stories high. They will have some outdoor areas for sports, but obviously no football fields. Some have tracks or tennis courts, and nearly ALL have basketball courts, as the NBA may be the most popular sport here now.
A short walk down a small hill past the park, takes us to the main street in our neighborhood, which is lined with 2 different convenience stores, assorted fruit and vegetable stands, and numerous food stands, clothing shops, a bakery stand, pet stores, and a pharmacy, where you can find almost anything, including antibiotics, without a prescription. That’s a big bonus, especially in a country where prostitution is legal; you don’t want to have to explain to your doctor what you need that amoxicillin for, now do you?
Once you make it out to the largest street in our part of the city, Wenxin Rd., the neighborhood improves, with cleaner streets, bigger, nicer shops and housing. They have bigger and nicer temples, indoor restaurants, grocery stores, shops selling more furniture, cars, and bigger luxury items. Everywhere, of course, are signs for these shops in Chinese, something you take for granted at times, but if you refocus and look at all the signs around you, it can leave you in awe, as it is the biggest reminder that you are now on the other side of the world. Some of these signs have pictures or some words in English, which can help expats like myself deduce what’s being sold there, but they are often misspelled or grammatically incorrect. Two examples: Ape Shape Bakery and My Love Chicken. Still, you get the idea.
From our rooftop, you can see out toward the west, though there’s a small ridge about 10 miles out, blocking any view from the city, of the Taiwan Strait. We do see a lot of birds up here, though nothing as unusual as what we saw or heard in Hong Kong. We’ve even seen some small bats, coming out at twilight. Also from this view, we can see the neighborhoods west of us, in various stages of growth or dilapidation. I find the areas that look like ours to be a little disconcerting, considering that this country is both typhoon-prone and seismically active. Granted, the worst of both occurs more on the east coast of the island, but still, one good 6.0 magnitude tremor, and there could be a lot of damage here.
Is that an 8.0 or did I drink too much coffee again?
As for our tiny little studio, we have our TV, our AC, our bathroom, which doesn’t look as nice or as clean as the rest of our place. In here, we’ve seen the occasional small spider, very tiny, but very fast ants, which come out anytime there is the smallest crumb left out, and one big-ass cockroach, which I killed…after 3 attempts to drown it in the bathroom, then crush it with my boot. That fucker was longer than my middle finger, and about two inches wide! Freaked both of us out for days! Then there is our latest little friend, a tiny little house gecko, which can be found everywhere in this part of the world. We’d seen them on buildings in every country we’ve been to, but this is the first we’ve seen take up residence with us. He’s tiny, about two inches long, grayish-green, and during the day when he sleeps (they are night hunters), he hangs out above our AC, mostly hidden from us. At night, when we turn the lights off to get ready for bed, he makes his way across the ceiling, usually in the direction of our tall, narrow wardrobe, behind which he seems to find various small bugs to eat. We’ve noticed him here now for almost a week, so we decided to name him. Though he’s small and young, we thought we’d give him a name to make him feel bigger and boost his self-esteem: 失去了武士 , or shīqùle wǔshì (you can get the pronunciation from Google Translate), which translates to Lost Samurai.
The Smells
Yes, there is the smell of garbage here, though not as bad as Vietnam. It doesn’t permeate every aspect of your existence here, like it did in Hanoi, but you can always sense it lurking somewhere in the background. However, there are also other wonderful smells in the foreground. There is that steaminess, which is constant here, at least at this time of year. There is the smell of all kinds of fruit coming from the markets nearby, both familiar and exotic; apples, oranges, pineapples, lemons, mangoes, papaya, lychee fruit, and dragon fruit. There’s another fruit here called durian, which I fortunately have not smelled yet, at least not to my knowledge. Spread throughout SE Asia, durian is a very popular fruit here, called the “King of Fruits” throughout most of this part of the world. But it is a love/hate thing. Some people love it, some loathe it, predominantly due to its smell and taste. Anthony Bourdain described its taste as being “like pungent, runny French cheese”, and it’s smell as “your breath will smell as if you’ve been french kissing your dead grandmother.” Travel writer Richard Wright was even more succinct, if that’s possible – “ Its odor is best described as pig shit, turpentine and onions garnished with a dirty gym sock.” You understand my reluctance now, don’t you?
Hmmm…smells like ass flavored ass.
You can also smell food, lots of different kinds of food, from the various street vendors, and the restaurants in the area, and it can overwhelm your nose at times. There’s pork, spices, chicken, seafood, everywhere, all seemingly trying to force their way up your nostrils all at the same time. Then, there’s the flowers, all of which seem to put out very strong, almost perfume-like aromas into the air…or maybe that’s just all the women who, regardless of what they may look like, all seem to smell really nice (that didn’t come across as too creepy, did it?). Lastly, there are the fumes from all the trucks, cars, and scooters, intermingling with the aforementioned smells, topped off the with occasional aroma of burning incense, coming from one of the many Buddhist temples, or perhaps from a home or shop owner, praying for good health or good fortune, both of which seem to be needed here. If the sights can be culturally jarring, the smells can be downright overwhelming, bordering on numbness.
One of my favorite, but thus far all too infrequent, sounds here is the sound of rain and thunder. The thunder always sounds so much more gentle here, as opposed to America, where even the SOUND of an approaching thunderstorm seems to have an audible tinge of malice behind it. The sound of the rain here, however, varies greatly, from a gentle (but warm) version of an Oregon rain, to a tropical downpour that comes close to the force put out by a fire hose. Of course, there is the nearly constant sound, any time you go out, of Taiwanese people speaking in a language that makes Spanish seem as comforting as chicken soup on a cold, rainy day. For American ears, virtually every Asian language sounds more foreign to us than any other. They do speak some English though, and they know certain “colorful” words, like “fuck”, which in Chinese is pronounced like “cow”. Many is the time I’ve talked about animals to my students, and invariably the class goes into shock, then laughter, whenever I talk about cows.
Don’t cow with f*ck!
Another interesting thing here is that you can swear, but not at someone. If you do, you risk getting sued. I’m serious! They sue people for everything here, kind of like America in the 90s. We even have, in our rental agreement, a clause that states that if we commit suicide in our apartment, they can sue us or our next of kin! Not that it’ll carry any weight in an American court, but still…I think it’s mainly because of that fear of spirits thing, though.
My condolences to you and your family…I’ll see you in court.
Even more constant, however, is the sound of traffic. Scooters are everywhere here, and between them, and the cars and trucks, there is a constant din of them anytime we step out of our home, to the streets below. It only dies off a bit, from about 2-4pm, when most small shops are closed. At that time, the streets are virtually deserted, as if it were 2-4am instead. But the sounds return shortly, forcing you to talk in raised voices, at the very least. Which brings me to my final destination on this particular blog…
I’ve already explained the traffic to you, I suppose, and the various modes of transport, but there are others. Taichung is currently working on its own Mass Rapid Transit system (MRT, for short), similar in nature to those of Hong Kong and Taipei. As a city with a metro population of over 2.5 million, it certainly needs it, but it won’t be completed for at least another 2-3 years. There are taxis, of course, but they cost about $3 for the first mile, and more after that (it’s been awhile since I’ve taken a cab, so I don’t remember the exact prices.). You can buy cards at any convenience store, which you put money on, and can spend at various stores, restaurants, and the local bus system. The good news is that you have to travel at least 8km before you’re ever charged for riding the bus, so most of my bus rides are free. However, bus schedules are, shall we say, inaccurate? The buses start out every morning, according to their respective schedules, but unlike in America, if they get ahead of schedule, they do not slow down or stop. They just keep going, so that by 8 or 9 in the morning, the times that they are supposed to arrive at your stop are off. Sometimes, you have to wait up to 30 minutes for your bus to come around again, so you need to leave yourself plenty of extra time to get to where you want to go, especially if an actual appointment is involved.
As for traffic laws, they do exist, but no one seems to mind them. It’s not quite as bad as in Vietnam, but it was WAY better in Hong Kong. As a result, though they have the ability to form a somewhat functional and stable government, they have not yet established a clear definition of the phrase “right of way”. As a result, vehicular accidents are regular here, and often bloody. And they cover the entire accident spectrum: car-car, car-truck, car-bus, car-scooter, car-pedestrian, truck-scooter, truck-bus, bus-pedestrian…you get the idea.
Just rub some dirt on it and be on your way.
The street layout doesn’t help matters any either. Those of you familiar with the layout of the roads in Boston, Washington D.C., or Paris might be a little more equipped to handle the directional layout of the streets here, as I am pretty sure that all of these places, including Taichung, had their streets constructed by the world-renowned French architect, Marquis de Sade.
“Oh, yeah baby! I get off on you being lost”
The city is laid out a in a circular pattern, not a north-south, east-west pattern, known in most American cities after 1800. As a result, if you’re heading north in this city, you can’t take a left, then a right, and expect to still be heading north again. You make that assumption, and before you know it, you’re swimming to mainland China. I thought I had an impressive sense of direction before I came here…and got lost…twice. Thank God for Google maps!
Well, once again, I’ve made my longest blog yet, and overstayed my welcome. Tune in next time for more adventures from Taiwan. In our next episode, the people! Until then, stay cool out there, and always use sunscreen.
Overseas Culture Shock, World Traveldurian fruit, earthquakes, food, Hsinchu, language, laws, navigating, sights, smells, sounds, Taiwan, Taoyuan, Tiachung, traffic, transportation
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Remembering Jonghyun: Fans Honor SHINee Singer on Anniversary of Death
Fans are remembering SHINee singer Jonghyun one year after his death.
The K-Pop star, who died Dec. 18, 2017 in his native Korea at age 27, is being celebrated on Twitter by his bandmates, label and fans. On Monday -- Tuesday in Korea -- tributes in the form of photos, videos and kind words began pouring in online.
SM Entertainment, the label that repped Jonghyun's band, SHINee, posted a video honoring his life. The nearly one minute video, set to somber music, featured photos of Jonghyun on and off stage. It's been retweeted more than 50,000 times and received thousands of replies.
"I smiled until the end but then I just burst into tears. I miss you so much, and I love you dearly. Your body may be gone, but your spirit is still with us. I can feel you on every song, even the new ones without your voice. Thank you for your poetry, thank you for your art," one fan wrote.
Another said, "Can't help but to cry. We miss you."
"We love & miss you so much. Beautiful King," a third Twitter user wrote.
SHINee also shared the video, on their Twitter account. They did not add a message of their own about the deceased singer, however.
Many fans shared personal tributes on social media, writing about how much Jonghyun, who died of a suspected suicide, meant to them. While each tribute was different, they all expressed the same sentiment -- Jonghyun is greatly missed by those who admired him.
"It's been a year. We miss you Jonghyun. Hope you're fine and you're happy and in peace where ever you are. Your music, memories, beautiful words, your life and smile still lives in a millions [SIC] of us. You did well. Rest in peace Kim Jonghyun," one fan wrote.
A memorial event was held to honor Jonghyun's life at the S.M. Town Coex Atrium in Gangnam, Korea. The K-Pop Herald reported that the event was something of an art fair, which showcased clips and writing dedicated to the musician. The theme of the night was "Stories you left us, stories we will fill." A memorial service also took place.
"It's definitely still difficult to think about him, although a year has passed since his death. I couldn't listen to his songs for a while," one fan who traveled from Canada to attend the memorial event said.
"I still remember the day of his death. I was working at an office, and I literally screamed at the news. I couldn't leave the office until 1am for being shocked."
Another fan from the Philippines said, "It still feels weird, as I've always remembered him being fine and positive. I hadn't expected his death. I listen to his songs whenever I feel stressed at my work."
The event was organized by Shiny, a nonprofit organization founded by Jonghyun's family after his death. The organization aims to benefit young artists.
Jonghyun, born Kim Jong-hyun, was found dead in a studio apartment he rented in Cheongdam-dong in southern Seoul on Dec. 18, 2017. He suffered a cardiac arrest and, upon being discovered, was taken to a nearby hospital where he was pronounced dead after several revival attempts failed.
He was the main vocalist of SHINee, known for his singing, songwriting and dancing. In addition to being part of the group, Jonghyun had a successful solo career. He was nominated for the best male artist award at the 2016 Mnet Asian Music Awards.
Source: Remembering Jonghyun: Fans Honor SHINee Singer on Anniversary of Death
Filed Under: Jonghyun, ShiNEE
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Andros, the second-largest island of the Cyclades, has a long and proud seafaring tradition and, conversely, is a walker’s paradise. Its wild mountains are cleaved by fecund valleys with bubbling streams and ancient stone mills. A lush island, springs tend to be a feature of each village, and waterfalls cascade down hillsides most of the year. It’s worth renting a car to get out to the footpaths, many of them stepped and cobbled, which will lead you through majestic landscapes and among wildflowers and archaeological remnants. The handsome main town of Hora, also known as Andros, is a shipowners’ enclave packed with neoclassical mansions. The picturesque ruins of a Venetian fortress stand on an island linked to the tip of the headland by the worn remnants of an arched stone bridge. Don't attempt to scramble over in the manner of locals. Andros (Greek: Άνδρος, pronounced [ˈanðros]) is the northernmost island of the Greek Cyclades archipelago, about 10 km (6 mi) southeast of Euboea, and about 3 km (2 mi) north of Tinos. It is nearly 40 km (25 mi) long, and its greatest breadth is 16 km (10 mi). It is for the most part mountainous, with many fruitful and well-watered valleys. The municipality, which includes the island Andros and several small, uninhabited islands, has an area of 380 km2 (146.719 sq mi). The largest towns are Andros (town), Gavrio, Batsi, and Ormos Korthiou. The island is famous for its Sariza spring at Apoikia, where the water flows from a sculpted stone lion's head. Palaeopolis, the ancient capital, was built into a steep hillside, and the breakwater of its harbor can still be seen underwater. Andros also offers great hiking options.
List of articles in category Andros
Andros 2014 Written by Mazalien Hits: 487 Vote: 0 Rating: 0
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Obama for counter-narcotics cooperation with Pakistan
WASHINGTON (APP) - Acknowledging Pakistans resolve to soon regain poppy-free status, President Barack Obama has reaffirmed the United States counter-narcotics cooperation with the key regional country. The Government of Pakistan remains concerned about opium poppy cultivation in Pakistan and is working to return to opium poppy-free status soon, he said. A joint US-Pakistan survey in 2009 estimated that 1,779 hectares of opium poppies were under cultivation in Pakistan, approximately 130 hectares less than was under cultivation in the country during the previous year, Obama noted in a memorandum for the US Secretary of State. The memorandum is presidential determination on Major Illicit Drug Transit or Major Illicit Drug Producing Countries for Fiscal Year 2011. The range of US-Pakistan initiatives, which include programmes to defeat the insurgency on the Pakistan-Afghanistan border and prevent terrorist safe-havens, have the spin-off effect of helping Pakistan to fortify its land borders and seacoast against drug-trafficking and terrorists, support expanded regional cooperation, and encourages Pakistan to return to opium poppy-free status, he said in the document released by the White House on Thursday. Obama notes that the US Government support focuses, especially on up-grading the institutional capacity of Pakistans law enforcement agencies. Pakistan has been identified as a major transit country for opiates and hashish, for world markets, especially for narcotics originating in Afghanistan. According to the determination, Afghanistan remains the worlds largest producer of opium poppies and a major source of heroin. Other countries identified in the US list as major drug transit or major illicit drug-producing countries include The Bahamas, Bolivia, Burma, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, India, Jamaica, Laos, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela. The presidential determination clarifies that a countrys presence on the Majors List is not necessarily an adverse reflection of its governments counter-narcotics efforts or level of cooperation with the US. The US president notes that Pakistan is still challenged by extremist groups who have power over parts of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, particularly where most of Pakistans poppy is grown. The memorandum claims these extremist groups are also found in settled areas of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province such as its capital, Peshawar, and the Swat Valley and expresses the understanding that the Government of Pakistan is forced to divert law enforcement resources and equipment from poppy eradication efforts to address these incursions. The memorandum says that Afghanistan continues to be the worlds largest producer of opium poppies and a major source of heroin. The connections between opium production, the resulting narcotics trade, corruption, and the insurgency continue to be among the most challenging obstacles to reducing the drug threat in Afghanistan. Poppy cultivation remains largely confined to provinces in the south and west where security problems greatly impede counter-narcotics efforts. Nearly all significant poppy cultivation occurs in insecure areas with active insurgent elements, although progress has been made in stabilizing these regions. Nevertheless, the country must demonstrate even greater political will and programmatic effort to combat opium trafficking and production nationwide. Recognizing the anti-narcotics commitment shown by President Karzais government, the determination says a noteworthy achievement is the reduction of opium poppy cultivation from 157,000 hectares in 2008, to 131,000 hectares in 2009, a 17 percent decline.
Govt keen towards betterment in health sector: Dr Sania
Dawood invites European investors to benefit opportunities in Pakistan
ICJ to announce decision on Jadhav case today
Why the poor stay poor
Tallat Azim
Respite from spite
Basharat Hussain Qizilbash
How India betrayed Pakistan
A growing uncertainty
Education in chaos
Now a judicial commission
Without secure titlesjust lines on water
rizq-e-khaak hua
Much like murder of Anna Politkovskaya
and now Quaid-e-Jamhooriat
Leadership is a difficult scienceor art
That last bitis our only hope
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Failure is the key to winning
Rachel O'Grady | Wednesday, March 7, 2018
My friends at The Observer have always been there for me when I needed them, starting with the time I didn’t even know I needed them.
I had just had one of the worst weeks of my life during the second semester of my sophomore year. I felt out of place at Notre Dame, like I just wasn’t good enough to be here. At the end of that week, I wrote the worst column I will ever write for The Observer, titled “Boxing out is the key to winning.”
The piece itself wasn’t awful. It wasn’t good, either. It was this incredibly lukewarm opinion for the Sports Authority section about how this simple act, boxing out, was the key to winning basketball games. That obviously is not the case, but the important part is that I wrote it, and the wonderful people of The Observer sports department let me run it.
I wrote that column because that’s what I always did when I was in a weird place or feeling less than myself — I wrote. I wrote because that fixed things. It always had, and I was confident it always would. So, I wrote about a piece of advice my dad had given me several years before.
“Box out!” he would scream from the sidelines of my grade school basketball games. As a 5-foot-10 eighth grader, this was excellent advice. Several years and a less-than-stellar basketball career later, I wrote about it. I felt better after writing about something I felt was objectively true during a particularly uncertain time in my life.
Looking back, I definitely didn’t know how much that column would mean to me down the line. But two years later, almost everyone here at The Observer knows about this column, and they make fun of me for it pretty consistently.
By not really giving an actual opinion in a column that required one, I failed in some sense. A lot of the people here also know how I’ve failed in other, more serious ways during my time here — and there are no shortage of those — and they’ve watched me as I sometimes tried and failed over and over again.
But they’ve also watched me succeed. They’ve encouraged me every step of the way. They’ve let me know when I’ve failed — they make fun of me for that boxing out column at least once a week — and they let me know when I’ve done well. They laugh at my jokes. They’re there to respond, or at least read, my 3 a.m. texts with random story ideas, now-hotter takes and general musings. They’ve been with me through the large and the small, through the worst weeks and the best. They’ve rarely said no, and they’ve never stopped me from trying my hand at something, even when they knew I would probably fail. They’ve given me the opportunity to learn and grow unlike any other group of people or organization could. These people became my family at Notre Dame, never letting me head into battle alone.
This will be the last time my name appears with this byline. I sort of predicted this three years ago when I bombarded my then-boss, Greg Hadley, about what my “four-year plan” should be at The Observer — this was the end of that game plan. What I couldn’t have predicted was the in-between. The impossibly late Insider Wednesday nights where Katie, Jack and Greg put up with my inability to draw a straight line. Getting “injured” almost every single News-Sports basketball game. Driving up to East Lansing for the Michigan State game with Ben, Liz and Dan on a whim.
These people published my stupid column about why boxing out was critical when it was critical for me to obtain the validation of my peers. They laughed at me a week later, but they made me feel important and included when I otherwise felt terrible deep down. That’s what they were here for, and that’s what The Observer has been to me. They embodied the idea that it’s not about how many times you fall, it’s about how many times you get up.
So, to every person who has picked me up along the way, or yelled at me until I did it myself: I can’t thank you enough. Here’s to you, the endless late nights, the good and the bad memories and the battles we fought together. You are the people who made me.
Tags: Goodbye, Rachel O'Grady, The Observer
About Rachel O'Grady
Rachel O'Grady is a senior Political Science major living in Ryan Hall. She most recently served as Assistant Managing Editor. Hailing from Chicago (actual Chicago, not the suburbs) she's been a Cubs fan since birth.
Contact Rachel
A newspaper is only as good as the conversation it creates. A conversation can...
Lessons learned at The Observer
One last thank you
The people who built me
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Could Cardinals Trade Josh Rosen To Patriots, Draft Kyler Murray No. 1 Overall?
by Joshua Schrock on Thu, Jan 10, 2019 at 10:12AM
In case you’ve been living under a rock for the past year, the New England Patriots still are searching for Tom Brady’s heir after they traded Jimmy Garoppolo to the San Francisco 49ers during the 2017 season.
But is there a chance they swing a deal for their franchise signal-caller of the future this offseason? Former NFL tight end and ESPN college football analyst Anthony Becht floated a scenario Thursday that might seem a little crazy … so crazy it just might work.
Throwing this out there to chew on folks…..Cardinals trade Rosen to the Patriots…Pats get a 1st rd QB on the cheap… Cards draft Kyler Murray #1 & get a decent draft pick in return…#Pats get their future “Tom Brady”….#VeryPatriotish
— Anthony Becht (@Anthony_Becht) January 10, 2019
So, let’s start with Rosen. The UCLA product reportedly drew interest from the Patriots during the pre-draft process, but New England was unable to move into the upper part of the draft to select him. In his first season with the Cardinals, Rosen struggled mightily, completing just 55.2 percent of his passes for 2,278 yards, 11 touchdowns and 14 interceptions. It wasn’t all Rosen’s fault, as Arizona’s offensive line allowed him to be sacked 45 times and the Cardinals lacked the offensive weapons around him to orchestrate an effective passing attack.
The Cardinals fired Steve Wilks after going 3-13 and hired former Texas Tech head coach Kliff Kingsbury as their new head coach on Wednesday. By virtue of the NFL’s worst record, Kingsbury and the Cardinals will be on the clock first when the 2019 NFL Draft begins. Surely Kingsbury wouldn’t trade his franchise quarterback, would he?
Enter the third piece of the puzzle: Kyler Murray.
The Oklahoma quarterback electrified the college football world this past season, accounting for 54 total touchdowns en route to winning the Heisman Trophy. Murray was expected to begin his baseball career with the Oakland Athletics after this season, but the 5-foot-9 signal-caller now reportedly will declare for the 2019 NFL Draft and is “leaning towards playing football.”
Now, back to Kingsbury. In October, the then-Texas Tech head coach raved about Murray in a TV interview, stating he would take him No. 1 overall if he had the chance.
“Kyler, I mean, he’s a freak, man,” Kingsbury told Eric Kelly of KLBK at the time. “Kyler is a freak. I’ve followed him since he was a sophomore in high school. Just think the world of him and what he can do on a football field. I’ve never seen one better in high school and he’s starting to show it now at the college level. I don’t have enough good things to say about him. He’s phenomenal.
“I’ve never seen him have a poor outing. Not one, which at quarterback is impossible to do but he’s done it. I’d take him with the first pick of the draft if I could. I know he’s signed up to play baseball but he is a dominant football player and I would take him with the first pick.”
OK, but that’s still just Kingsbury gloating about his upcoming opponent. There’s no reason to make anything of it, right?
Well, ESPN’s Adam Schefter didn’t exactly quiet the noise Thursday morning on “Get Up!” when he explained it’s not improbable Arizona would take Murray at No. 1 overall and then trade Rosen.
“The one thing about the NFL is that quarterbacks are currency,” Schefter said. “And I can tell you this: Last year, when the Cleveland Browns had the first and fourth overall picks, at one point in time — and I know people will be skeptical of this — they considered taking quarterbacks at one and four, and then auctioning off one of the quarterbacks that they liked less.
“So if you’re the Arizona Cardinals and you like Kyler Murray that much — also, imagine him going No. 1 overall — but maybe there’s a scenario where you get him and you auction off Josh Rosen. If that’s what the new (coach) likes, if that’s what he wants, why would you not acquiesce to that when you could get a king’s ransom for Josh Rosen, who some teams really like. Again, we’re getting things started here really early, and really putting things out there, but it’s not implausible that that scenario could unfold.”
Well, that’s a lot to digest.
As for now, the Patriots are focused on Sunday’s divisional-round matchup with the Los Angeles Chargers. But when their season does come to an end, it wouldn’t be surprising to see Bill Belichick call his Kingsbury, who he drafted in the sixth round in 2002, and try to make a deal. If Rosen is indeed on the block, that is.
Thumbnail photo via Benny Sieu/USA TODAY Sports Images
James White Comfortable In Any Role, Including Mentor, As Melvin Gordon Learned
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Bob Dylan and The Band’s complete Basement Tapes resurface at last
Posted By: admin November 5, 2014
Toronto duo largely responsible for lifting the veil off “the most sought after and mysterious recordings from the post-nuclear, pre-digital era.”
Music, Published on Wed Nov 05 2014
Sitting at Johnny Rockets, a ’50s-style burger joint in Yonge-Dundas Square, my dining companion pulls out a cardboard envelope and hands it over.
“Open it up and have a look. Have a little whiff,” he insists.
Inside is a box containing a reel of recording tape, inscribed in marker with the following song titles in order: “You Ain’t Going Nowhere,” “Any Day Now — I Shall Be Released,” “If Your Memory Serves You Well,” “You Ain’t Going Nowhere” (Take 2 is written beside it in pencil), “I Shall Be Released” and two separate takes of “Too Much of Nothing.”
It takes a moment to sink in and realize what I’m actually holding: an original Basement Tape, one of the more than 20 reels recorded by Bob Dylan and the majority of Toronto legends The Band when Dylan was convalescing in Woodstock, N.Y., following a 1966 motorcycle accident.
How do I know it’s an original?
Because my dining companion is Toronto’s Jan Haust, Canadian music archivist, current curator of the Dylan-driven collection, and primarily responsible for the release earlier this week of The Basement Tapes Complete, a lavish six-CD set issued by Sony’s Legacy that finally lifts the veil off what Haust calls “the most sought after and mysterious recordings from the post-nuclear, pre-digital era.”
He’s not kidding. Music fans have been waiting nearly half a century to hear these recordings: 138 takes of 115 songs, all of them recorded informally throughout 1967 by The Band’s Garth Hudson, mostly in the cramped Woodstock-area basement of the abode known as Big Pink.
Jan Haust with Garth Hudson
Every note of such future Dylan-penned classics as “You Ain’t Going Nowhere,” “I Shall Be Released,” “This Wheel’s On Fire” and “The Mighty Quinn;” covers of well known and obscure songs like Hank Williams’ “You Win Again,” Ian Tyson’s “Four Strong Winds” and Johnny Cash’s “Belshazzar” has been lovingly restored and digitally remastered in Toronto by Haust and renowned Cowboy Junkies engineer and producer Peter J. Moore.
Prior to this week’s releases (there’s also a two-disc Sony edition of highlights called The Basement Tapes Raw), fans had received a limited taste of the Big Pink sessions, including the official 24-song The Basement Tapes and a few tracks that have surfaced since, mostly notably “I’m Not There” from the 2007 Todd Haynes film of the same name.
The Basement Tapes sessions were significant for a number of reasons.
First, the relaxed atmosphere of everyone crammed into an intimate space allowed Dylan (who performs at the Sony Centre on Nov. 17 and 18) to explore another songwriting direction, which was a little more laidback and humorous.
“What was going on for the most part, pretty basic,” recalls Hudson, who set up the basement with microphones, a recorder and a mixer, in a separate phone interview.
“He (Bob) would write the song upstairs, couch and coffee table, then take it down and we would play it, and usually, not even run through it once. We’d do the introduction and then a bit of the song and then I would put the machine on record.”
Some argue it may have been the birth of alt-country, but a bigger significance is that it completed a musical coming of age.
“It’s where it all ended up coming together,” notes Haust. “And that’s the fascinating component here. The basement is the incubator of what became The Band.”
For Haust, the release of The Basement Tapes Complete marks the end of a 12-year journey for him and Moore, the engineer. The duo first heard the tapes, through an arrangement via Haust’s friendship with Hudson, when Robbie Robertson was assembling 2005’s The Band box set A Musical History.
“Some of the tapes were in rough shape, through no fault of Garth Hudson’s and through no fault of anyone’s,” Haust recalls.
Several reels were mouldy and Moore had to delicately unwind and re-spool some 1,800 feet of “very, very thin” reel-to-reel tape by hand on a few others to “flatten them out.”
There was also a bigger challenge: all the songs were recorded on a rare quarter-track machine with such poor quality tape that Moore didn’t have the equipment for proper playback, let alone restoration.
“These tapes were never meant to be heard by the public,” said Moore in a separate interview. “These were sketches — the jotting down of ideas. So the tape’s speed was 7½ inches per second, where most of your quality pro recordings are at 30 or 15 inches per second. I told Jan, there’s no such thing as a professional quarter-track machine.”
So Moore had to get a playback tape head custom made for his own equipment and found a New Jersey manufacturer who had the expertise to make it. The request was so rare that the manufacturer, Jim French, had only built one prior to Moore’s request.
The buyer? Neil Young, known for being quite persnickety when it comes to technical recording tools.
“Once I heard that, I knew I was following the right logic,” Moore says.
When Dylan’s manager Jeff Rosen and Sony Music finally commissioned Haust and Moore to assemble The Basement Tapes Complete, the duo huddled in Moore’s studio from March through September, deciding to follow Garth Hudson’s original lead and sonically restore what was going on in the basement.
“We kept the integrity of what Garth envisioned,” says Moore. “I didn’t add reverb or anything to these tapes. I’m phase correcting — not changing the picture, just realigning the lens.
“But when you realign the lens, all of a sudden you have that much more depth of field. I phase corrected a lot of the tapes and suddenly the bass appears. You’re actually hearing the bass for the first time — Rick (Danko) and his lovely melodic glissandos and everything he’s doing on that bass.
“Whereas on the bootlegs, there’s no top end, no bottom end, just more of a whiny mid-range. I’m bringing it into focus.”
The sound is immaculate, even impressing the man who commandeered the original tape recorder, Garth Hudson.
“I remember the sounds very well, the background sounds and the instruments,” Hudson says. “What we have now is clarity. It was a lot of work on Jan’s part and Peter Moore with his incredible talent. The voice is more alive. It’s clearer. And Peter has also assembled and revived tape that has been crinkled, stretched. So it’s been a big process.”
Now that The Basement Tapes Complete has finally seen the light of day, Haust and Moore have one more ambitious project in mind: an eight-CD, DVD and book box set chronicling Levon and The Hawks, dating back to their individual pre-Ronnie Hawkins musical pursuits in the late ’50s.
In the meantime, Haust will savour the arrival of The Basement Tapes Complete.
“I’m pleased as punch that we were able to put it together,” says Haust.
“This is the first time ever that a Bob Dylan project was produced in Toronto. That’s very significant. It’s four Canadian rock ’n’ rollers and an American folksinger. Now we’ve set the record straight. . . .
“We have cleaned up these recordings. We have repaired the damaged tape. We have treated these 47-year-old recordings like the archaeological gems that they are.
“This isn’t the Mona Lisa. These are the sketches.”
Sony executive Steve Berkowitz, Jan Haust and Peter J. Moore receiving a Grammy for their compilation and restoration work on Bob Dylan: The Basement Tapes Complete
Bob Dylan and The Band’s complete Basement Tapes resurface at last | Toronto Star
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EPL and Championship clubs urged to take a leaf out of Bundesliga book to boost attendances
Photo: Getty Images Werder Bremen fans playing away against F.C. Nuernberg,
Analysis shows Bundesliga’s top two tiers well ahead of English top two divisions.
Calls for clubs to make more use of differentiated and dynamic pricing to ramp up fan loyalty and put bums on seats.
Mark Bisson bisson@offthepitch.com
Premier League and Championship clubs could learn much from their German counterparts to better engage fans and boost attendances, an English university football specialist tells offthepitch.com.
A new report by the CIES Football Observatory, analysing match attendances in 51 national football leagues from 42 countries, reveals that five German clubs are in the top 10 of highest average attendances from 2003 to 2018.
The Bundesliga is the most followed league, with 18 per cent higher average attendances than the English Premier League (43,302 spectators to 36,675) over this five-year period.
even in these days of hyper-commercialism, there's still value in the community and fraternity of fandom, which the Germans have in abundance.
Borussia Dortmund tops the rankings for attendance by club, with 80,230 spectators. Manchester United (75,218), FC Barcelona (74,876), Bayern Munich (73,781) and Real Madrid (69,822) round out the top five. Schalke 04, Hamburg and Stuttgart are the other highly-ranked Bundesliga clubs. Arsenal are ranked seventh, but Liverpool and Manchester City place 12th and 21st, respectively. Atlanta United, in tenth place, are the most popular non-European club.
Getting fans onside
Simon Chadwick, professor of sport enterprise at the University of Salford Business School, believes EPL and Championship clubs can take a few lessons from the way Germany’s top-flight and second division clubs put bums on seats to pack out their stadiums.
He told offthepitch.com the research underlines that “even in these days of hyper-commercialism, there's still value in the community and fraternity of fandom, which the Germans have in abundance”.
I think fans and clubs in Germany have a much closer, more trusting relationship which manifests itself in terms of bigger attendances.
Chadwick also highlights the prevailing economic conditions, the fact that Germans have strong disposable incomes and the benefits of more transparent governance “because of the way German clubs are governed”.
He refers to the 50+1 ownership rule which means that clubs - and, by extension, the fans - hold a majority of their own voting rights. Under German Football League rules, clubs are barred from having commercial investors with more than a 49 per cent stake.
“I think fans and clubs in Germany have a much closer, more trusting relationship which manifests itself in terms of bigger attendances,” Chadwick said.
Low ticket prices offered by German football clubs also keep the fans flocking to games in huge numbers.
“The analysis of the average attendances over the past five years highlights the incredible passion surrounding professional football clubs in Germany,” the report said, noting also that Germany’s second tier, 2. Bundesliga, is the second division championship with the greatest average number of spectators, just ahead of the English Championship.
Boosting fan engagement is key
Asked how Premier League and Championship clubs might improve their gate receipts, Chadwick said:
“They take the view that theirs is a premium product that people are prepared to pay premium prices for. Instead, what clubs need is the stronger, more competitive use of differentiated and dynamic pricing. My feeling is also that English clubs have a somewhat tepid approach to market segmentation i.e. targeting specific fan groups. They need to be more innovative and sophisticated.”
Everton in search for excellent atmosphere at Goodison – singing section opens next season
Chadwick offered some suggestions for English clubs to consider helping lift attendances and bolster fan loyalty – even through the tough times – which, in turn, can grow[LCHN1] revenues.
“It is about better fan engagement and relationship management - knowing what people want and then giving it to them, which implies the need for better market research allied to the implementation and management of its findings,” he said.
“However, the short-termism of many clubs is unhelpful, a more strategic commitment to developing fan bases is required.”
With English clubs under ever more intense scrutiny to achieve success on the pitch and revenue targets off it, Chadwick believes clubs would do well to look outside the football industry a bit more to recruit staff.
“What they actually need is good people, possibly from outside the game, helping them to grow fandom and attendances. Instead of judging, we need to start helping.”
Mexican top-flight ranks 4th
According to the analysis carried out by the research group at the International Centre for Sports Studies in Neuchâtel, Switzerland, the Mexican top division is the most popular competition outside the non-European leagues with average attendances of 25,582, ranked fourth behind Spain’s La Liga (27,381) but ahead of Italy’s Serie A (22,967).
Despite the increase in the number of teams participating in the MLS, average attendances have consistently increased to break the 20,000-spectator threshold over the past five years
The Chinese Super League (6th with 22,594) and Major League Soccer (8th with 21,358) are the two other competitions outside of Europe making the top ten in terms of spectator numbers. The Japanese J-League is 12th, just ahead of the Brazilian Serie A.
“The study of the changes since 2003 reveals the growing enthusiasm for football in the United States and Canada,” said the report.
“Despite the increase in the number of teams participating in the MLS, average attendances have consistently increased to break the 20,000-spectator threshold over the past five years. This limit has also been broken in China, where football’s popularity is henceforth well established too.”
Stadium Matchday
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NHS reality. An NHS soapbox. Speakers' corner for the NHS.
Trying to get reality into the NHS – rationing overtly
About – Speaking out for our 4 health system ( former NHS)
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Cap on doctors’ hours costs NHS £750m
Jack Grimston, reporting in The Sunday Times on 30th March reports: Cap on doctors’ hours costs NHS £750m The nightmare of inadequate training due to lack of exposure to sufficient clinical exposure is imminent…. Enforcing the EUWTD (European working time directive) is attractive to government as it seems to cut down on costs… at the expense of inadequate training.
RULES from the European Union limiting the number of hours that doctors can work are costing the NHS £750m a year, an inquiry by the president of the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) has found.
Jeremy Hunt, the health secretary, is seeking to build an alliance of countries to back demands for a renegotiation of the 48-hours-a-week cap on doctors. Germany and Holland are among at least four countries understood to be sympathetic.
The report into the effect of the EU working-time directive on the health service, commissioned from Professor Norman Williams, found:
■ The NHS is spending an extra £750m a year on locum doctors because the regulations mean there are fewer staff doctors available
■ Hospitals are being “stretched too thin, particularly at nights and weekends, with … patient safety being put at risk”
■ 280,000 hours of surgical training are lost every month because of time limits
■ Patients are being seen by up to five different teams of doctors in a single day because of strict rota systems imposed by the rules
■ Doctors starting courses today will lose the equivalent of 128 days of training compared with those who studied before 2009. For some specialisms, including obstetrics and gynaecology, the situation is even worse
■ The rules are “undermining professionalism” by “promoting a culture of clock-watching”.
The report, expected to be sent to Hunt this week, is understood to include
findings from the Royal College of Physicians that nearly 60% of trainees believe that working-time rules worsen the quality of care.
A source close to Hunt said: “Ministers are concerned about the way the directive has interfered with continuity of patient care and the ability of doctors to learn.”
The directive is expected to be one of the areas targeted by David Cameron as he seeks to renegotiate Britain’s EU membership before his planned in-out referendum.
Charlotte Leslie, the Tory MP who co-authored a separate report on the directive for Fresh Start, a group that campaigns for EU reform, said: “Anyone on the ground, particularly in surgery, knows how devastating the directive is but the outside world, particularly politics, hasn’t twigged yet.
“Nearly every EU state is having massive issues with this. They are all trying to find ways to weave around this failing legislation.”
The RCS declined to comment on the report.
Additional reporting: Laura Hughes
This entry was posted in A Personal View, Rationing, Stories in the Media on March 31, 2014 by Roger Burns - retired GP.
Half of (our) MPs fear for future of free NHS – but have insufficient political will to change it!
Richard for in The Times 31st March 2014 reports: Half of (our) MPs fear for future of free NHS after a report commissioned by the NHS confederation was made public. The latest member survey and the thoughts of Rob Webster who commissioned the report are here.
and follows it up with Sonia Elks : Patients should pay £10 monthly fee for NHS, says ex-Health Minister
A £10 monthly “membership fee” should be introduced to use NHS services, according to a report co-authored by a former Labour Health Minister.
Patients would also have to pay hotel-style charges of £20 a night for hospital stays under sweeping changes to the model’s funding system proposed by Lord Warner, who was minister for health reform under Tony Blair.The Labour leadership swiftly rejected the plan.
“Even with major changes to care, it is now irresponsible to pretend to the public that current forms of taxation alone will be sufficient to provide a good quality health and care system”, said the report, which was published by the centre-Right think-tank Reform.
It comes as a poll found that more than half of MPs fear that a free NHS could be scrapped in the future. Senior health leaders have said they are concerned at the impact on the provision of services of an ageing population and an increase in long-term health conditions.
The paper suggests that cash could be brought in for the health service by raising the cost of prescriptions and vaccinations. Patients would also receive “telecare products” to “help people meet their own care using their own resources”, it said.
In return for the new monthly charge, patients would be offered an annual “health MOT” of basic health checks and be given targeted health goals. Those receiving free prescriptions would be exempt from the charges, the report suggests.
Higher “sin” taxes could also be introduced on products such as cigarettes, alcohol, and high-sugar foods to deal with the associated costs brought on by unhealthy lifestyles.
Lord Warner said that £6 billion a year could be raised by the changes, and argued that the health service should not get above-inflation funding increases from the general tax income pot to avoid starving other services of cash.
“We can no longer pay homage to an out-of-date and unaffordable NHS that’s unfit for today’s and tomorrow’s care needs,” he said.
“It should have no more hand-outs at the expense of other public services. It faces a hard slog of doing more with less and a tough conversation with the public about how we change services and accept new ways of funding the NHS.”
The report’s proposals were rejected by the campaign group Patient Concern.
A spokesman for Department of Health said: “The founding principles of the NHS make it universally free at point of use and we are clear that it will continue to be so.
“This Government doesn’t support the introduction of membership fees or anything like them. But we know that with an ageing population there’s more pressure on the NHS, which is why we need changes to services that focus far more on health prevention out of hospitals.”
The report comes as a separate poll found that half of British politicians think that a free NHS could be consigned to history unless challenges are tackled to ensure that it meets future patient needs.
More than 80 per cent of the respondents — 39 Conservative, 48 Labour and five Liberal Democrat MPs, plus five from other parties — said that in their constituency the NHS had to change. Yet almost two thirds said there was insufficient political will to do so……….”
An extra tax for the Regional Health Services would focus minds. Rationing by co-payments is just one of many options, but politicians are afraid to discuss any of them.. Who will be the first bold and honest politician, and where will he come from?
Richard Johnstone also comments in Public Finance 31st March 2014.
Hywel Dda Health Board chief executive Trevor Purt to leave his post
The Milford Mercury 25th March reports on a change of CEO (and Chairman) in the next few weeks: Hywel Dda Health Board chief executive Trevor Purt to leave his post There has been a lot of controversy over plans to centralise services in West Wales. The next CEO and Chairman will have to come from outside of the area, because whatever they do they will be pariahs to the locals. The 6 years ago offer of a new hospital, rejected by the media and the professions at the time, would be welcomed with open arms now….
Professor Trevor Purt, the Chief Executive of Hywel Dda University Health Board, is to leave his post.
He will take up the role of Chief Executive of Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board in June.
During his time in west Wales, Mr Purt has overseen significant new developments including the new Urgent Care Centre and Renal Unit at Withybush Hospital.
But he is likely to be best remembered for the hugely controversial ongoing service changes which threaten the Special Care baby Unit at Withybush Hospital as well as maternity services, and has prompted several large demonstrations from angry campaigners.
Mr Purt joined Hywel Dda University Health Board in September 2009. He said: “I am sad to leave as I have thoroughly enjoyed my time in the University Health Board but feel the time is right for new challenges in North Wales. “We have come a long way in the last 4½ years and there is still more to do to ensure that Hywel Dda has the right services in the right place to provide the very best healthcare.
“I have full faith in my executive directors, the wider management and clinical teams and Karen Howell who will be interim chief executive officer to move forward to ensure our services continue to develop.
“These have not been the easiest of times and I want to personally thank all staff for their dedication and commitment – you are the university health board’s greatest asset.”
Chris Martin, Chair of the University Health Board, who is also to leave the organisation this year, said: “Trevor was the first chief executive officer of the new integrated health board and has successfully lead the organisation through some difficult times. During his time we have seen a significant improvement in quality and performance due in no small measure to his leadership. We are sorry to see him leave but wish him well in his new role.”
This entry was posted in A Personal View, Stories in the Media on March 30, 2014 by Roger Burns - retired GP.
Britons overwhelmingly against GP charges to help NHS balance books
The Guardian’ Dennis Campbell reports 28th March 2014:
Poll suggests 27% would pay £10 but 56% against, with only 12% saying they would pay to guarantee next-day appointment
As if this poll means anything. Uninformed children will vote for ice creams every day if they have had them for free and there is a threat to take them away.. Utilitarianism means that the greatest good has to be done for the greatest number, and over a prolonged period.. Turkeys won’t vote for Christmas..
Stepping Hill deaths: Nurse Victorino Chua charged with murder
BBC News reports 28th March 2014: Stepping Hill deaths: Nurse Victorino Chua charged with murder
Victorino Chua, 48, of Churchill Street, Heaton Norris, is also charged with 31 other offences including GBH and attempted poisoning.
He is accused of murdering patients Tracey Arden, 44, Arnold Lancaster, 71, and Alfred Derek Weaver, 83.
He was remanded in custody to appear at Manchester Magistrates’ Court later.
Greater Manchester Police (GMP) said Mr Chua faced one count of causing grievous bodily harm with intent, 22 counts of attempting to cause grievous bodily harm with intent and eight offences of attempting to administer poison, under the Offences Against the Person Act.
Wider community
Investigators have been examining the contamination of various medical products, between June 1 and July 15, 2011 at the hospital……”
One of the principles of dangerous drugs management, such as diamorphine (heroin) is that there are two people who sign as correct the administered dosage…… Insulin is not classed as a dangerous drug, but now perhaps it should be… The potential for harm is just as great as for the opiates..
NHS boss Simon Stevens to base himself in London
Dennis Campbell reports in The Guardian 28th March 2014: NHS boss Simon Stevens to base himself in London (And all this applies to England, not Scotland, N. Ireland or Wales)
New chief executive opts for base in capital rather than at NHS England HQ, to improve ties with politicians and health bodies
The NHS‘s new boss plans to base himself in London, rather than at the organisation’s headquarters in Leeds, to give himself regular access to ministers and key national health bodies.
Simon Stevens, who starts as chief executive of NHS England on Tuesday, intends to spend more time in the capital than his predecessor, Sir David Nicholson.
Stevens was an adviser on health policy to Labour health secretaries Frank Dobson and Alan Milburn between 1997 and 2001, then moved to Downing Street to work with Tony Blair but left in 2004 when he joined UnitedHealth, a large private health company in the US.
Despite his background in Labour politics – Stevens was once a local councillor in Lambeth, south London – he was seen by David Cameron as the outstanding candidate to replace Nicholson. Jeremy Hunt, the health secretary, ratified his appointment, but only after he received assurances that Stevens would attend Monday midday briefings in London at which Hunt meets senior NHS staff.
Building work is under way at Skipton House, one of NHS England’s two bases in London, to create offices for Stevens and some of the £95.6bn organisation’s national directors, including Professor Sir Bruce Keogh, its national medical director. Stevens, though, will still spend time in Leeds, where many of the 6,000 administrative staff are based.
The organisation’s media team, based in Leeds, are also due to move to London, where it only has a small number of press officers despite the concentration of media in the capital.
NHS England was created on 1 April last year under the coalition’s NHS reorganisation as a supposedly independent body in charge of the day-to-day running of the health service. Stevens is keen for it to improve its image and make more of a mark nationally.
At the Commissioning Live event this week, Nicholson said the organisation deserved just “five out of 10” for its first-year performance, and that commissioning of health services, its key purpose, had been a particular weakness.
Stevens’ arrival has already led to some changes at the top of NHS England. Bill McCarthy, its policy director, and Jo-Anne Wass, the director of human resources, are leaving. Karen Wheeler, a senior Department of Health civil servant, is joining as its director for transformation and corporate operations. Other departures and arrivals are likely.
Stevens is preparing to make his first public statement during a visit to an NHS facility in the north-east on Tuesday.
His plans to attend the regular Monday meetings with Hunt contrast with Nicholson, who attended the first few sessions when Hunt instituted them in autumn 2012, but then shunned them.
It is understood that Hunt sought, and received, assurances from Stevens that he would regularly attend what the DoH calls its NHS delivery meeting, before ratifying his appointment.
An NHS England spokeswoman said: “Simon Stevens has not yet taken up post as NHS England chief executive but he hopes to work with all NHS England’s key partners, including of course health ministers and parliament.”
Jeremy Taylor, chief executive of National Voices, an umbrella group representing scores of health charities, said Stevens needed to use his position to oversee a major boost to the availability of non-hospital-based health services.
“The biggest challenge facing health and social care is to create a 24/7 out-of-hospital service that supports the growing number of people with chronic health problems, frailty and disability to live as well as possible. We all know this, and everybody has been saying it for years, but we haven’t seen a concerted drive to make it happen”, Taylor said.
An NHS England spokesman said: “The main base of the organisation will continue to be in Leeds where we have more than 800 staff. Simon will divide his time between there and London.”
I have tried not to refer to the NHS but rather to the Regional Health Services. We no longer have an NHS…
The Nuffield Trust comments on the “NHS @ 65: Our analysis & resources”
NHS @ 65: Our analysis & resources 4th July 2013
On 5 July 2013, the NHS reached retirement age. To mark 65 years of the health service, our analysis and resources reflect on the present state of the NHS and what it might look like in ten years’ time.
Key Points from the report: Political and clinical leaders call for a long term vision for the NHS ahead of its 65th anniversary (No mention of rationing or cost-code lottery, or “frontier” issues….)
Extra spending on the NHS throughout the 2000s may have helped the service to sustain its performance during the more recent period of financial austerity, but influential figures such as Lord Darzi admit that the resources might also have reduced the need for urgent reform, arguing that: ‘we missed the best opportunity in the history of the NHS to actually reform it… we just threw money at it.’
NHS England Chief Executive Sir David Nicholson appeared to concur, conceding that the additional investment may have ‘allowed us to subsidise poor care when we shouldn’t have done.’
Their remarks are contained within a new volume published by the Nuffield Trust to coincide with the 65th anniversary of the NHS (5 July 2013).
Edited by Nicholas Timmins, Nuffield Trust Senior Associate and former public policy editor of the Financial Times, the publication features essays and interviews with senior individuals from the worlds of politics, medicine, academia and journalism. Among the contributors to The wisdom of the crowd: 65 views of the NHS at 65 are:…..
This entry was posted in A Personal View, Post Code Lottery, Rationing, Stories in the Media on March 29, 2014 by Roger Burns - retired GP.
This is the future for the next decade: fewer GPs and more distant access to all medical skills if you live in rural areas. Breakdown of many systems. Private Health options pending..
Denial for 5 years. On 4th June 2014 Mr Stevens asked for an honest debate…
The “Economist” acknowledges health rationing, but does not recognise that it is covert…. More and more anger to come.
BMA ARM: Doctors spurn NHS long term plan
Endgame for the NHS? Warrington and Horton Trust are bust – same as Wales. Two waiting lists, one for Wales, and one for England.
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← A Study in Bad Social Science, re: Immigration
“one night, hot spring” is a Dumb Game →
Posted on May 9, 2018 by defenderland
I would think that with the video “Why Yakuza 0 is a Masterclass on Managing Tone” this would have been put to rest (though that video is a little meandering and perhaps doesn’t state their thesis clearly enough for the casual viewer), but I was watching some video reviews for the Western release of Yakuza 6, and it’s a point that keeps coming up. From Gamespot:
“The unambiguous objectification of women in these (cabaret and live-chat) mini-games continue to make their inclusion uncomfortable in their own right…but these kinds of mini-games have always perpetuated an unbeleivable inconsistency of character for Kiryu. There’s a conflict between the canonical depiction of him as a strong, stoic, honorable saint, and a version who is a really creepy, bumbling perv.”
No, no, and no.
First, no, the depiction of women in the cabaret mini-game is not “unambiguous objectification.” I can’t comment on the live-chat one, which is new to 6, but the mini-game of going to hostess clubs and talking to the young women there is at least ambiguous as to whether or not it is objectifying these women (well, more so than necessary since, as pre-programmed video game characters, they are literally objects).
The arc of the so called cabaret mini-game is going to a place where you pay loads of money to sit and talk with a girl. Presumably in real life the girls would be bending over backwards to please their customers, but in the world of Ryu ga Gotoku it’s just the opposite. The girls constantly complain about their problems, big and small, and your character has to sit there listening to them and choosing the comment that they will appreciate the most. Partly it is due to the secretive nature of being an organized criminal, but you never get to talk about yourself hardly at all. (More realistically it’s because we, the players, are already familiar with the main character’s story, so just listening to them rehash that for another person could easily get boring.) And if you pick the wrong thing, or ever so much as buy the wrong food or drink for you and her, she gets pissed and her hearts go down, ending your chances of completing this particular side-story.
Eventually, if you play your cards right, spend lots of money, learn all of her likes and dislikes, understand her personality well enough to what kind of responses she appreciates, take her out on dates, and finally rescue her from some serious scrape (being kidnapped, etc.), you will be able to move up from ‘customer’ to ‘boyfriend’ and you can go to the love hotel district together (once). But even then, setting aside whatever your character is getting out of it, for the player there is very little titillation. You literally just go to the love hotel district together, then it is fade to black.
It does smack of white-knight fairy tales, where you will get the girl so long as you do enough things for her, so I certainly wouldn’t recommend basing your own approach to love and dating on this particular mini-game, but I think it is quite wrong to call it “unambiguously objectifying.” It’s really not.
And, when looking at Kiryu (though he’s not the only character you can go the hostess bars with), it is totally consistent with his character. He takes a personal interest in these girls, never asks anything of them, and is always supportive of them in every way. Whether he is giving them encouragement to pursue their dreams regardless of what others think, trying to give them specific advice about the problems they’re having, or offering to beat the crap out of someone who is harassing them, he is totally the Kiryu from the main storyline. It works.
Second (following from the previous paragraph), no, none of the things Kiryu does outside of the main storyline are inconsistent with his character. That’s what makes it work so well and makes it so fun. No matter what it’s still Kiryu, the gangster with a heart of gold, but you’ve thrown him into some weird situation. So whatever the weird side-story is, he always is trying to separate out right from wrong, and make the right decision. It doesn’t matter if he’s got to go on a fetch quest, or star in a weird movie, or dress up as a local mascot, or help some dominatrix be more dominant, he doesn’t judge people except for whether they are hurting anyone else or not. Doesn’t matter if it’s weird, he lives in the red light district of the largest city in the world; he’s used to weird. If someone is not bothering anyone else and pursuing their particular passion with their whole life, Kiryu respects that, and will even help them if he can. It’s, quite frankly, a very Japanese attitude toward life that I’m not at all surprised goes over the heads of many Westerners.
But let’s look at Kiryu for a little bit longer. I think he’s more than used to weird actually, he loves weird. Why does he keep coming back to Kamurocho/Kabukicho? Why is there always a scene where he is shown happy just to be back in this district? Because while he himself is very phlegmatic, he likes to be surrounded by people who are just the opposite. It’s not that he doesn’t like fun and crazy things, he’s just not personally a hype man. It’s why he gets on so well with Majima. He likes being the serious guy who is dragged along to things and often has to use his seriousness to help out his crazy friends. He derives an energy from the excess energy that constantly spills out of others in a place like Kamurocho. He loves it.
Which is why it makes so much sense that when he decides to quit his life of crime and go settle down somewhere else, he doesn’t really settle down at all. He doesn’t go and join a monastery somewhere, he opens a critically understaffed orphanage. He trades the exuberance and energy of a red-light district for that of children. He looks after them with his seriousness, but they all love him because he totally indulges them in their passions. He’s not actually a boring person who wants the kids to calm down and straighten up. He’s a fun older brother who wants the kids to enjoy themselves and pursue their dreams. It totally fits and was a great choice on the part of the writers.
And finally, no, Kiryu is not a “strong, stoic, honorable saint,” nor a “creepy, bumbling perv.” While he certainly is strong (the Dragon of Dojima), he’s only questionably stoic. There are a lot of scenes throughout the series of him screaming anytime anyone close to him dies, or is even in danger. He never lets it interfere with his ability to defeat (i.e. punch) his enemies, he always overcomes every obstacle with fierce determination, but he is not an emotionless hulk. And while he definitely is honorable, it is an ‘honor among thieves’ kind of honorable; he is definitely not a saint. I mean he is a lifelong yakuza member with a big ass tattoo on his back who has no problem with taking the law into his own hands whenever it suits him. He’s not an upstanding citizen let alone a saint.
Which is part of the reason why it totally makes sense for him to not only go to cabarets, but internet cafes for doing risque live-chats. Part of being a gang member is not believing that vice crimes, victimless crimes should be illegal at all. Gambling, drugs, and prostitution are the bread and butter of organized criminal organizations all over the world. They’re illegal activities in which neither party is making a complaint to the police. So Kiryu is not making any moral judgements about any activity where everyone involved, so far as he is concerned, is entering into it of their own free will.
And he’s not a “creepy, bumbling perv” either, but he does pursue all his activities with an earnestness that maybe they don’t always merit. So if he’s convinced that the point of the live-chat is to compliment the girls into taking their clothes off than that is what he will do. Partially I blame this impression on the poor/loose translation, but even in the clips I’ve seen you can tell that Kiryu is presented as being the least creepy and bumbling of everyone in the chat room. He’s the one that actually catches the interest of the girl and to whom she’ll consistently respond. It’s consistent with his character because he doesn’t see himself as mistreating the girl, and he’s honestly engaging in the activity in the way in which it was designed. I mean, if the girl said that she hated doing live-chats and wanted to quit, he would type in to tell her that she should quit if she doesn’t like it. And if she said she had to because some bad people were threatening to hurt her otherwise, he would ask who those bad people were and then go and beat the crap out of them. It’s the same as with the main story.
But maybe these girls who work the live-chat and cabarets don’t really want to be there and aren’t mentioning that fact to Kiryu; they’re just pretending like they’re having a good time. Well, that is where the line between fantasy and reality comes into play. In the Ryu ga Gotoku universe, they’e not pretending. Or even if they are Kiryu’s heart of gold and unstoppable fists will soon become obvious to them and they’ll confess their problems before long, which he will promptly solve with gusto.
But in the real world things are rarely so peachy. Ryu ga Gotoku certainly takes a rose-colored view of red light districts, which is almost certainly necessary to make it as fun and certainly as light-hearted as it is. The drama between characters is real, but it is not a gritty look at how these places are in real life. Which is the only place I can see their portrayal as actually being problematic: that they normalize and sanctify in people’s minds their real life equivalents. It is certainly a risk. Though I should think that overall, the normalization of all sorts of violence is probably far more problematic than normalizing paying someone to sit and have drinks with you, or even to strip down to a bikini for you. I mean, between that and curb-stomping, I know which one I think is worse to have exist in reality.
“If there’s an emotion that drives the experience it’s empathy.”
“…you notice that there’s an innocence to the games writing. A belief that people, at their core, are inherently worth helping regardless of who they are.”
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TV SHOW EXPERIENCE IS A HIT FOR COSTUME STUDENT
marketing April 10, 2017
A recent stint on a comedy TV show has given a costume degree student from Cleveland College of Art and Design (CCAD) a real life experience of working on set and proved to be an inspiration to develop a career in the industry.
21-year-old Alys Church, a BA (Hons) Costume Interpretation with Design student from Carterton in Oxfordshire, is currently on the final year of her degree at the specialist northern arts school, and spent a week assisting on the production of BBC One’s Hospital People show during filming in Hartlepool.
The TV show was on location in Hartlepool for its second series
The hit TV show, made by London-based production company Roughcut TV, ran its first series in 2016. The second series saw the show on location at the University Hospital of Hartlepool, and features appearances from Russell Brand and Mark Williams from the Harry Potter films and The Fast Show.
Alys, who is currently living in Hartlepool during her studies, worked with the Hospital People team on wardrobe duties for five full days, with all the excitement and deadlines that live filming brings. She said: “The days were very long, with the longest stretching a total of 13 hours but it was an amazing experience. I was there the first night they arrived with all of their costumes so initially I helped them set up. We then worked to organise the wardrobe for both the main cast and the supporting actors on the first couple of days.
“During filming we worked to prep actors’ trailers with their costumes and collect them at the end of the day, re-organising for the next day’s filming. I did some alterations work for a particularly petite member of the cast and even got the opportunity to shadow one of the costume staff on set to see how the whole thing worked behind camera.”
Alys working on her final major project – a series of costumes from 18th Century Russia
The final year student, who is currently working on the final major project and preparing for the degree show at the university-level campus, gained invaluable experience in working with wardrobe artists and even met a star or two!
She continued: “The highlight for me was definitely being able to sit on set and see all of the elements involved. In all of my other work placements I had never experienced something like this, and although it was very overwhelming, it was so interesting and gave real insight into what it was like to work on a TV set with these teams from all areas of the production.
Alys loved her experience on Hospital People and is now working hard in the build up to the degree show in June
“I actually cleared the trailer of Mark Williams who plays Arthur Weasley in the Harry Potter films, as he was packing up for the day. Initially I recognised him but couldn’t place who he was or how I knew him, he was very friendly and polite. It wasn’t until I returned to the costume truck that the rest of the staff confirmed who he was for me. Although I had a ‘moment’, I’m glad I chose to be professional despite recognising him instead of losing my cool!
“It was unfortunate I was unable to work with the Hospital People team for longer due to the impending pressure of my final major project, but the long days made it impossible to work on both at the same time,” she said.
For her final major project, Alys is taking a step back in time to 18th Century Russia, focussing on Elizabeth of Russia and her lover Alexei Razumovsky. She is currently creating costumes for them both as if they were attending an imperial ball in Elizabeth’s court, focussing on achieving the upmost historical accuracy with the consideration of cost and time restrictions.
Alys added: “I’m very excited about the upcoming degree show in June. It’s an opportunity to really show off what we’ve all learned in our three years at the university and prove our skill sets. I’m also really looking forward to seeing my own and my classmates finished costumes. We’ve all put a great deal of work and effort into the design and construction of them and it’ll be amazing to see the finished pieces, not only this but getting to see the work of the other courses.
“Preparations are of course full speed ahead, with time moving on incredibly quickly everyone is working hard to get everything finished to put on the best degree show possible and produce work that best displays our merits as artists.”
Alys developed invaluable contacts working with the costume department and is hoping to gain further experience should they need extra hands on other projects. Following graduation, she would eventually like to work in films but now knows how diverse the industry is and so is excited to see where it takes her.
Jane Havakin, Programme Leader for BA (Hons) Costume Interpretation with Design at CCAD, said: “It was a great experience for our students to work with such a prestigious productions company like Roughcut TV. All the staff were really friendly and our students gained so much from the experience as well as some great contacts for their future careers.”
CCAD Degree Show will be taking place from Friday 2nd June until Saturday 10th June.
COSTUMEGENERALIndustrynorth east england
VII CCAD Fine Art Exhibition and Unpaintings by Tony Charles: Saturday 8th April
VIDEO: Katie Macdonald - Costume Student
Northern Arts School Displays A Wealth Of Creative Talent At Degree Show Opening Night
creativitydesignGENERALPRODSSTEXTILES
Animator Andy Shares His Passion For Puppetry
ALUMNIGENERALIndustryMEDIA
Award-Winning Designer Inspires Next Generation In Fashion And Textiles
creativitydesignfashionIndustrynorth east englandTEXTILES
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Comparative Analysis of Elsie Wiesel’s Night and The Shawl by Cynthia Ozick
The two stories; “Night” (1960) by writer Elsie Wiesel and “The Shawl” (1980) by Cynthia Ozick are indeed breathtaking and instill a rare intense and horrific experience to the readers. "The shawl" combines Cynthia Ozick’s morally profound and me...Read More
The two stories; “Night” (1960) by writer Elsie W...
The two stories; “Night” (1960) by writer Elsie Wiesel and “The Shawl” (1980) by Cynthia Ozick are indeed breathtaking and instill a rare intense and horrific experience to the readers. "The shawl" combines Cynthia Ozick’s morally profound and metaphorically complex short story of a similar title, about Holocaust horrors, with her longer follow-up novella about personal reverberations of those horrific times thirty years later. Ozick puts it down on seven crisp pages (2000 words) that are poetically terrifying. Though short, Ozick was able to compress the terrifying experience of the Holocaust into a story that comes close to formal perfection. It tells the story of three characters: Stella, Magda, and Rosa on internment and their march to a Nazi concentration camp. Although both focus on the Holocaust, The Shawl is fictional but Night can be referred to as a memoir. This is because the story contains a mixture of deposition, emotional truth-telling, and testimony that renders it similar to written works in the memoir genre. Elsie Wiesel tells about his experience with his father when they were locked up in the Nazi German concentration camps at Auschwitz and Buchenwald in 1944 to 1945 during the height of the Holocaust as the second world war was coming to an end. It’s quite clear that Eliezer (the story’s narrator) is by a great extent meant to serve as author Wiesel’s representative and stand-in. Although minor details have been altered in the narrative, what happens to Eliezer depicts real life events that occurred to Wiesel himself during the Holocaust. Important to note however is that there’s a difference between the persona of Night’s author, Elie Wiesel and that of the narrator, Eliezer. Comparing the two stories analytically in this paper will illustrate the differences in the way they are narrated, show how the themes and plot differ and the emotion they both try to evoke to readers.
In The Shawl, the plot is thin and barely noticeable. A young Jewish mother loses her infant child as a result of the barbarism of the Nazis. Since the characters are highly compressed embodiments of tortured terror, they’re not so much real. Although history admits that the event described is the most despicable in modern life as the characters suffer more pain in a moment than most people will in a lifetime, it’s neither the event nor the characters that make this story so powerful. Rather, it’s the language and voice of the speaker that possesses the typical values of great works of art and make this miniature narrative such a powerful story. It’s, therefore, impossible to summarize the events of the story without proper reference to the words used to describe them.
The story revolves around Rosa, her niece Stella and her baby Magda on their march to a Nazi concentration camp during winter. During their march, they are described as weak and starving. The knees of Stella are said to be "tumors on sticks." Rosa is described as a "walking cradle" since she constantly carries Magda close to her chest, having wrapped her in her shawl. Rosa deliberates on handing off Magda to one of the villagers watching them march, but eventually, she comes to a conclusion that the guards would most likely shoot them both if she does that. Rosa calls the shawl “magic” when Magda sucks on it because it sustained the infant for three days and nights without food. Stella makes an observation about Magda resembling Aryan, but Rosa disregards this and sees it as some kind of threat to Magda. Rosa continues to hide Magda at the camp, but her constant fear is that someone will discover and take away her life. Then one day from Magda, Stella takes the shawl away to warm herself. Magda who had never made a sound since the march begins screaming for her “Ma” because of the shawl. Rosa hears the baby cry but doesn’t run to Magda because the guards will kill both of them. Instead, she runs to get hold of the shawl and waves it while hoping the baby will see it and chill down. Unfortunately, she’s too late for this, and now she has to watch the Nazi guards pick Magda up and throw her towards the electric fence thus killing her instantly. To stop herself from screaming, Rosa stuffs the shawl into her mouth ("The Shawl Overview - eNotes.com", 2017).
The novel "Night" is narrated by a Jewish teenager called Eliezer whom at the beginning of the memoir lives in his hometown of Sighet, in Hungarian Transylvania. Eliezer studies the first five books of the Old Testament known as the Torah and the Cabbala which is a doctrine of Jewish mysticism. However, his studies are cut short when his instructor Moshe the Beadle is deported. Moshe returns after few months only to tell a horrifying tale: The German secret police force known as the Gestapo took charge of his train and led all the passengers into the woods where they were butchered. No one believes Moshe as they take him for a lunatic. The Nazis occupy Hungary in the spring of 1944. Soon afterward, several increasingly repressive measures are passed, and Jews residing in Eliezer’s town are compelled into living in small ghettos within Sighet. Before long, they find themselves herded onto cattle cars, and a nightmarish journey follows suit. After being crammed into the car for several days and nights without food and profoundly exhausted, the passengers finally arrive at Birkenau, which is the gateway to Auschwitz. Eliezer and his father are separated from other members of the family (his mother and sisters) upon arriving at Birkenau never to see them again. They go through the first of the numerous “Selections” described by Eliezer in the memoir. In this one, Jews undergo an evaluation to determine whether they’re fit to work or they should be killed immediately. Luckily, Eliezer and his father pass the taste, but before they’re taken to the prisoners’ barracks, they came across the open-pit furnaces where the Nazis were burning babies by the truckload.
The Jews arriving at Birkenau are shaved, stripped, disinfected, and treated with utmost cruelty. Their captors then march them from Birkenau to the main camp in Auschwitz. Eventually, they arrive in Buna, a work camp where Eliezer is forced to work in an electrical-fittings factory. Under slave - labor conditions, decimation in frequent “selections,” and severe malnourishment, the Jews take consolation in taking care of each other in religion. They also take solace in Zionism, a movement inclined to the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine also considered the holy land. The Jews in the camp become subject to gross beatings and humiliations. One cruel foreman compels Eliezer to give him his gold tooth that has been pried out of his mouth with a rusty spoon. Prisoners are compelled to watch the hanging of fellow inmates in the camp courtyard. On one occasion, the Gestapo hang a young child who was reportedly associated with some rebels within Buna. Due to the horrific conditions at the camps and the ever-looming danger of death, many prisoners began turning cruel as they were only concerned with personal survival. Soon, sons begin to abuse and abandon their fathers. Eliezer is no different. He begins losing his humanity and his faith both in the people around him and in God. After several months in the camp, Eliezer undergoes an operation on his foot after suffering an injury. However, while Eliezer is undergoing treatment at the infirmary, the Nazis begin evacuating the camp since the Russians are advancing with the aim of liberating Buna. The prisoners begin a death march in the middle of a snowstorm and are forced to run over fifty miles to the Gleiwitz concentration camp. Most of them succumb to exhaustion and harsh weather conditions. The prisoners are once again herded into cattle cars at Gleiwitz as they begin a dangerous voyage. Of the hundred Jews who board the car, only twelve survive to the last stop at the Buchenwald concentration camp. Eliezer and his father help each other in surviving throughout the ordeal with the aid of mutual support and concern. However, Eliezer’s father finally dies of physical abuse and dysentery while he survives though an empty shell of a man until 11th of April, 1945 when the American army liberates the camp ("SparkNotes: Night: Plot Overview", 2017).
Although both stories depict most of the real events that occurred during the Holocaust, they make use of different themes to drive the point home. In “The Shawl” Ozick uses the theme of horror to evoke emotions from the readers. In the story, the inhuman attitude of the Nazis is shown by the way the Jewish are forced to cruel conditions in concentration camps. In fact, the Jewish were treated even worse than animals. Most of them lived in cold, starvation and sickness while waiting for death. As for the Nazis, they proved to be fierce and savages with no mercy, sympathy or pity. They did not respect the lives of others. In these circumstances, some individuals including Stella in the story, for example, tend to lose their humanity and let hatred and envy seize their hearts. But we cannot blame them as it’s hard to imagine what these poor people must have endured and experienced. The theme of maternity is also used in “The Shawl.” This theme is popular in literature for its tenderness and importance. However, in The Shawl, it also acquires deep sorrow. A young mother is confined in one of the Nazi concentration camps with her little daughter on her hands. From the context, we can tell that the baby’s father is Nazi, which implies the baby must have been conceived against its mother’s will. Regardless of that, Magda, the baby becomes paramount to Rosa as she gave all her love and food to this innocent child. Rosa hopes Magda would live since when they pass some villages, she thinks of giving her up to some women by the roadside. Rosa does not conceal wrath nor hatred in her heart, but she’s profoundly sad because she knows that death awaits her and her daughter. Ozick has managed to touch the soul of the readers by skillfully revealing all the horror of the event. It’s impossible to imagine what Rosa had to endure. Seeing her child being killed can make one’s eye tear and hearts to shiver ("The Shawl Themes", 2017).
On the other hand, the theme of violence permeates all of Elsie Wiesel’s “Night” in so many ways. Wiesel has used violence to show dominance. The Germans use violence to force Jews into gory concentration camps. In a similar manner, the writer uses the public display of violence to illustrate how the Jewish were threatened and intimidated by the Nazis so as the latter could gain control. For instance, the Jewish who try resistance in the concentration camps are gruesomely hanged in public to serve as a warning to would-be insurgents. Those in power exercise violence against the weak. A good example here is the German SS guards who abuse prisoners. Also, the downtrodden use violence against each other as the Jewish prisoners become violent against each other while they struggle to survive. Examples of violence in the book vary as there are instances when violence is passionate whereas its dispassionate, planned and spontaneous, senseless and to meet a specific goal in other instances. Violence is so excessive and extreme that many characters have a hard time believing it could perhaps be real. The theme of race is also included here. The Jews are the primary targets of the Nazi for extermination and hate crimes only because of their race. Readers cannot fail to get a sense for the arbitrariness of race. It’s clear that the distinctions between the Jews and Aryans blur. For instance, the distinctions between the Jews and Aryans when we learn that the little sister to Eliezer has blond hair, the Aryan ideal. The Jews try to keep their cultural and religious traditions alive throughout their time in concentration camps, but this becomes increasingly difficult as suffering and death continue. “Night” also portrays the theme of religion whereby Eliezer presents the Jewish faith in the face of adversity. When he sees the horrific scene of the Auschwitz concentration camps especially the killing of young children and babies and other gruesome murders, he feels like his God has been murdered before his eyes. He cannot be able to reconcile the atrocities he witnesses with the notion of God. However, he doesn’t stop believing in God but his faith weakens, and he questions if God is absolutely just. Amongst many others, he raises questions like “Is he a good God?” Similarly, other Jews in the concentration camps experience loss of faith. For example, a rabbi feels guilty for doubting God’s mercy, and the Akiba drummer gives up before dying as soon as he loses his faith in God. Many men in the concentration camps continue to observe Rosh Hashanah among other religiously significant days, but what remains mysterious is how many of them retain their faith ("Night Theme of Religion", 2017).
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The Marauder’s Map
8. July 2019 8. July 2019 / Josefine Jones
Where can you bring the heroes of your favourite books to life? Find out in our literary travel tips for the summer season.
Literature is our faithful summer companion in many more ways than just on beach towels, picnic blankets and mountain meadows. At least since the emergence of literary tourism and its ambitious journeys to book destinations, avid readers have also been on the road outside their own fantasy. A poet’s secret spot of contemplation, the study of a writer or the refuge of a fictional character – more and more people embark on personal quests to find the origins of the muse. After all, the place where stories come into being is just as precious to us as the story itself. The ideas that inspire us can be read but also sensed, felt and lived.
It may so happen that we enjoy a nice cup of afternoon tea with Mr. Darcy in England, always miss the Hogwarts Express at King’s Cross Station or set out to hunt vampires in Romania. You never leave your house without an owl cage, a golden compass or a dowel? Then we from novum publishing have new tips for your literary journeys and a magical summer 2019.
A library with more than 17,500 books, baroque gardens with cascading fountains and paintings by Renoir, Rembrandt and Tintoretto – the romance in Jane Austen’s books always comes back to Chatsworth House in Derbyshire, England. Although the stately home is still the seat of the Duke of Devonshire, a considerable part of the estate is open to literary explorers. Several chapters of Pride and Prejudice take place in and around this picturesque Tudor mansion, which can be visited from March to November and is certainly worth a stop for everyone, especially Jane Austen fans.
If you have always wanted to crash against a pillar with your trolley and a snow owl, King’s Cross Station in London is definitely a must-see. The train station takes the idea of Harry Potter to a whole new level of reality with a clever installation: muggles from all over the world come to take a picture at the famous platform 9 ¾. Tourists wait for hours just to get their hands on the magical trolley as it vanishes into the brick wall to take them to the Hogwarts Express. King’s Cross also has its own Harry Potter shop to try out your own special wand or Bertie Bott’s Every Flavour Beans.
Bran Castle in Transylvania is famous for allegedly inspiring Bram Stoker to create his very own “Dracula”. The original model for his character, Count Vlad III, also known as Vlad the Impaler due to his reputation for cruelty, is believed to have lived in the castle for some time. Today Bran Castle attracts vampire aficionados as the place of horror par excellence. Nevertheless, the medieval fortress also dedicated a room to Bram Stoker for all worshippers of the Irish author.
Conspiracy theories are best developed by following in the footsteps of Dan Brown: “The Da Vinci Code Tour” in Paris offers two hours of mystery and excitement with one dark and secret site after the other across the city. Start at the Ritz and discover the Comédie-Française, the Palais Royal and the Louvre before passing the Pont des Arts and the Church of Saint-Sulpice – your perspective on Paris, the Pope and Opus Dei will never be the same.
Night Train to Lisbon
The Swiss writer Pascal Mercier describes the beauty of Portugal and its language in great detail. Lisbon’s wonderful architecture is just one of the country’s many facets to find its way into “Night Train to Lisbon”. Readers can explore the city’s epic elegance at such destinations as the Silva Guest House, in front of Doctor Prado’s office, the famous blue-tiled house or the Cemitério dos Prazeres – all of them actual sites described in the book with astonishing precision.
Stephen King must have been suffering from terrible nightmares at the Stanley Hotel in Colorado, as they served as inspiration for no less than the science fiction author’s famous “The Shining”. The afflictions King had to endure at Room 217 in that fateful night were later relocated to his entirely fictional “Overlook Hotel”. And by the way, the Stanley Hotel has become famous around the world exactly for what drove the writer Jack Torrance to insanity. Today hotel guests can relive the highlights of “The Shining” in themed tours on paranormal activities.
Have you already been to any literary sites? Write a comment and tell us more about your travel destinations for this book summer!
Keep writing, keep typing!
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Dracula, Harry Potter, Lisbon, Literary travel, Louvre, novum publishing, Paris, Stephen King, The Shining
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Jon Stewart Isn't Enough
By Michael Kazin
Why liberalism needs more than satire and common sense.
Demonstrators have been coming to Washington since Coxey’s Army trudged up the steps of the Capitol during the depression of the 1890s. So it was probably inevitable that the traditional repertoire of protest would, by now, have grown rather stale. These days, passionate orators, earnest singers, and fist-shaking marches down the National Mall rarely matter much. The “One Nation” rally held by the NAACP, labor unions, and other liberal groups on a perfect day in early October barely managed to fill the lawns around the Reflecting Pool and offered no coherent message other than hostility toward the Tea Parties and their favorite candidates. Most of the nation probably didn’t even know the event had occurred. In contrast, Glenn Beck’s call to “Restore Honor” drew twice as many people, nearly all of whom were united by the strong twin desires to crush the left and praise the Lord. Still, even with its clear purpose and large turnout, the rally slipped from the limelight very quickly.
This weekend, Jon Stewart and Stephen Colbert’s massive “Rally To Restore Sanity and/or Fear” was, at least, a novel sort of political demonstration. And I do mean political. Granted, Stewart and his merry band of satirists, as promised, presented themselves as the bards of civil discourse and didn’t suggest how people should vote this year—or whether they should vote at all. They talked, and/or joked, about how to think, not what to think. Yet nearly every sign I saw and conversation I had, or overheard, among the masses gathered near the Capitol confirmed what should have been obvious to anyone who has ever watched The Daily Show or The Colbert Report: This was a liberal crowd of mostly young, white people who voted for Obama and are contemptuous of his conservative opponents.
The sign-makers in particular were the most political—as well as funny and refreshing—parts of the rally. They imitated Stewart’s clever put-downs of the right while eschewing his plea for reasonableness: “I masturbate, and I vote”; “You’re mad as hell, and I’m not going to take it anymore”; “Glenn Beck: Show Us Your High-School Diploma”; “Trickle Down Economics is a Golden Shower”; “Support the Separation of Corporation and State”; “Homophobia is Gay.” Two young women dressed as the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles carried signs that read, “Please don’t fear my Muslim Garb.” (It was, after all, the day before Halloween.) One of the best posters I saw took the sanity meme to heart but was clearly directed against alarmists like Beck who traffic in absurd historical metaphors: On it were pasted two identical photos of Adolf Hitler connected by an equal sign.
Indeed, the key question coming out of this rally—which was only a moderate success, considering the wretched sound system, the paucity of Jumbotrons, and the odd musical coupling of Ozzy Osbourne and Yusuf Islam, aka Cat Stevens—isn’t whether it was political. The question is whether liberalism, so clearly on the display at the event, can grow on a diet of irony, satire, and sarcasm mixed with appeals to “common sense.”
Stewart’s concluding remarks, in which he denied that “our country is on the brink of catastrophe, torn by polarizing hate” and asserted that “we work together to get things done every damn day,” reminded me of Obama’s keynote speech at the Democratic Convention in 2004. “There are those who are preparing to divide us, the spin masters and negative ad peddlers who embrace the politics of anything goes,” announced the state senator from Chicago in his bravura debut on the national stage. He then went on to upbraid the “pundits” who “like to slice and dice our country into red states and blue states” but ignore that “we worship an awesome God in the blue states, and we don't like federal agents poking around our libraries in the red states.”
That message helped elect Obama president. But, since he’s been in the White House, Obama’s reasonable rhetoric and pleas for bipartisanship have mostly been thrown back in his remarkably calm face. And the results of the midterm elections will make clear that the divide between “blue” and “red” America is as deep as ever, even if the chasm doesn’t fall neatly along state lines. After failing this president, appeals to focus on common sense and common ground, no matter how wittily conveyed by comedians, will likely not bring liberals any more success in the future.
Civility is a fine and pleasant thing, but it has never inspired a serious political or social movement—or revived the fortunes of a president. Irony and satire can be potent modes of persuasion, but what do Stewart and Colbert’s liberal supporters want to persuade their fellow Americans to actually think or do? The Comedy Central duo has done a reasonable job highlighting what they think is wrong with our system of government, the people seeking to influence it, and the media covering it. But time spent by liberal rally-goers and Daily Show viewers complaining about how politics is conducted would be better spent deciding what issues to promote, fight for, and win. In a time of economic crisis and fears of national decline, it is not enough to make fun of the lies and sloppy thinking of the right. People need to engage in the political process to reform and push it forward, not agree that we’re all more reasonable than the media portray us and promise to behave civilly.
Like it or not, America remains a nation of true believers. Secular liberals with a decent sense of humor will have to learn, or relearn, how to adapt to that reality and turn it to their advantage. Or they can just pick up their remotes and watch Comedy Central.
Michael Kazin teaches history at Georgetown University and is co-editor of Dissent. His latest book is War Against War: The American Fight for Peace, 1914–1918.
Politics, Not Even Past, Washington, Glenn Beck, Jon Stewart, Stephen Colbert
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Inhibikase Therapeutics Expands its Scientific Advisory Board with the Appointment of Leading Experts in Parkinson’s Disease
ATLANTA and BOSTON, March 19, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Inhibikase Therapeutics, Inc., a pharmaceutical company developing protein kinase inhibitors for the treatment of neurological infections and neurodegenerative diseases, today announced the expansion of its Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) with the appointment of two leading scientists in the discovery of biomarkers and mechanism of Parkinson’s disease (PD) initiation and progression. The SAB will support Inhibikase’s management team and the company in advancing IkT-148009 for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and related disorders.
The additional members of Inhibikase Therapeutics’ SAB include:
Kenneth Marek, M.D., President and Senior Scientist at The Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Principal Investigator at The Parkinson’s Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI)
Jeffrey H. Kordower, Ph.D., The Alla V and Solomon Jesmer Professor of Aging and Neurological Sciences at the Rush University Medical Center
“We are pleased to welcome Dr. Marek and Dr. Kordower to our Scientific Advisory Board,” said Milton Werner, Ph.D., President and Chief Executive Officer of Inhibikase Therapeutics. “Each distinguished appointee is recognized worldwide for their work on biomarkers, disease mechanism and initiation of Parkinson’s disease. Their expertise and successful track record will be a critical asset as we continue to explore our approach to potentially both halt and reverse Parkinson’s disease.”
Kenneth Marek, M.D.
Dr. Marek is President and Senior Scientist at the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders in New Haven, Connecticut. Dr. Marek's major research interests include identification of biomarkers for early detection, assessment of disease progression and development of new treatments for Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative disorders. His specific interest has been in in vivo neuroreceptor imaging biomarkers. Dr. Marek has authored numerous neurology and neuroscience publications on these topics. He has served and continues to be the principal investigator of several ongoing multi-center international studies, including the Parkinson Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI), the Parkinson Associated Risk Syndrome (PARS) study and Path to Prevention (P2P). He also serves on the Scientific Advisory Board of The Michael J. Fox Foundation. Dr. Marek also was a co-founder of Molecular NeuroImaging, LLC, a company providing discovery and clinical neuroimaging research services. He received his medical degree from Yale University and performed his internal medicine and neurology training at The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Jeffrey H. Kordower, Ph.D.
Dr. Kordower is The Alla V and Solomon Jesmer Professor of Aging and Neurological Sciences at Rush University Medical Center. He has published over 350 manuscripts and papers on cell replacement strategies and gene therapy that have been published in Nature Medicine and The New England Journal of Medicine. Dr. Kordower has been ranked 29th in PD expertise worldwide and has performed numerous gene and cell therapy preclinical studies that have been translated into clinical trials. He received his B.A., M.A., and Ph.D. from Queens College, City University of New York.
About Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, affecting approximately 1,000,000 persons in the United States, with 60,000 new cases and 38,000 deaths annually. PD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that initiates with dysfunction of a small protein known as alpha-synuclein, inside and outside of the brain. The common features of PD include tremors at a resting state, slowing or lack of control of movement and postural instability. These features of the disease arise from degeneration of neurons that secrete dopamine to transmit neurological signals. The degeneration of these dopaminergic (DA) neurons in nigrostriatal area of the brain near the brainstem, coupled with the accumulation of alpha-synuclein protein aggregates in cell bodies and terminals known as Lewy bodies (LBs), have long been thought to be the cause of the disease. Less well known are the features of this disease can affect serotonin levels, cholinergic, and norepinephrine neurons and nerve cells in the olfactory system, cerebral hemisphere, brain stem, spinal cord, and peripheral autonomic nervous system such as in the GI tract. Currently, these non-dopaminergic features are not properly controlled with dopamine-replacement or levodopa therapy.
About Inhibikase Therapeutics
Inhibikase Therapeutics, Inc. is a pharmaceutical company focused on the development of protein kinase inhibitors for treatment of neurological infections and neurodegenerative diseases. The Company’s pipeline includes multiple product developed from its proprietary RAMP drug innovation and prodrug technology engines, using the same clinically validated kinase target. The Company is headquartered in Atlanta with additional offices in Boston, Massachusetts.
Inhibikase Investor Contact
Stern Investor Relations
carl.mauch@sternir.com
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