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__label__wiki	0.684013	0.684013	Alliance for Justice Paid public internship opportunities for 1Ls in California, New York, and more January 31, 2017 uwcpsl Due Feb. 1: Bilingual Staff Attorney position with NWIRP Application Deadline: Applicants received before by Wednesday, Feb. 1, 2017 are preferred, but other applications will be received on a rolling basis The Northwest Immigrant Rights Project (NWIRP) seeks a bilingual attorney (with a preference for a Spanish-speaking attorney) to provide direct representation and other forms of legal assistance in immigration matters. The attorney will provide legal assistance to community members through: (1) direct representation; (2) individual consultations; (3) self-help assistance in the form of community workshops and legal clinics; and (4) community education. The attorney will provide legal representation in various immigration matters, but will focus on assisting individuals facing removal proceedings. Due Feb. 9: NASA at Kennedy Space Center Office of Chief Counsel Application Deadline: Thursday, Feb. 9, 2017 The Office of the Chief Counsel at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center is a dynamic, interesting, and spirited law practice comprising 20 legal professionals who, as a cohesive and collegial organization, provide the full range of legal advice and legal services for NASA’s programs and operations at Kennedy Space Center, Florida. We are an industrious team of public servants who are focused on results while embracing camaraderie, cooperation, mutual respect, diversity, sound perspective, a sense of humor, passion for the practice of law, and compassion for each other. As an added benefit, you would be joining an agency ranked as one of the best places to work in the federal government. We are looking for talented and enthusiastic law school interns. If you want an internship in a dynamic environment that is both exceptionally challenging and rewarding, then come join the NASA legal team at Kennedy Space Center where you will have an opportunity to use your current skills, build new ones, and make valuable contributions to the Office of the Chief Counsel. Learn more and get application instructions here. Due Feb. 16: Open Society Foundations needs legal research intern Application Deadline: Thursday, Feb. 16, 2017 The Open Society Justice Initiative uses the law to protect and empower people around the world. Through litigation, advocacy, research, and technical assistance, we strive to secure legal remedies for human rights abuses, and promote effective enforcement of the rule of law. Our efforts focus on accountability for international crimes, racial discrimination and statelessness, criminal justice reform, abuses related to national security and counterterrorism, the promotion of freedom of information and expression, and combating natural resource–related corruption. The Open Society Justice Initiative invites current law school and other advanced degree graduate students to apply to join our team as Legal Research Interns in our New York, Washington, D.C. and Budapest offices. With close supervision by an assigned mentor, interns will learn about the various tools available for researching issues, engaging in oral and written persuasive techniques, and drafting reports and legal memoranda related to human rights related advocacy in the areas of focus of the Justice Initiative. Due Feb. 17, paid: Summer Associate position with the Alliance for Justice Application Deadline: Friday, Feb. 17, 2017 The Alliance for Justice is seeking law school student applicants for paid and self-funded positions in the summer of 2017. Summer Associates are expected to work full time (40 hours) over the course of a ten week period. Alliance for Justice is a national association of more than 100 organizations dedicated to advancing justice and democracy. For more than 30 years we have been leaders in the fight for a more equitable society on behalf of a broad constituency of environmental, consumer, civil and women’s rights, children’s, senior citizens’ and other groups. Alliance for Justice is premised on the belief that all Americans have the right to secure justice in the courts and to have our voice heard when government makes decisions that affect our lives. Apply and learn more here. Due Feb. 28, paid: California Rural Legal Assistance, Inc. seeks summer law fellow Application Deadline: Tuesday, Feb. 28, 2017 California Rural Legal Assistance, Inc. (CRLA) is seeking a law school fellow for a 10- week summer position with CRLA’s LGBT Program. The LGBT Program addresses the intersections of race, immigration status, and poverty within the framework of advancing rural LGBT rights. The program engages in direct legal representation and other innovative forms of legal advocacy that leverage collaborations with a range of rural stakeholders. The LGBT Program Summer Law fellow will work under the supervision of the LGBT Program Director to provide direct legal services and support litigation and other systemic advocacy. Priority types of legal cases include petitions for U, T, and VAWA non-immigrant status, employment discrimination cases, education rights cases, and legal name and gender petitions. The law clerk may request to be placed in any one of CRLA’s office locations, and the LGBT program will strive to accommodate the law clerk’s preferred location. Learn more and apply here. Rolling Deadline: Summer internship position with Team Child Application Deadline: Open until filled Every day, thousands of youth face profound legal and social barriers that increase their chances of dropping out of school, being homeless or ending up in the juvenile justice system. TeamChild uses its legal expertise and community partnerships to break down barriers to community services in order to overcome the root causes of a youth’s involvement in the juvenile justice system. TeamChild is a member of the Alliance for Equal Justice, Washington’s network of organizations providing civil legal aid to people in need. TeamChild is also a member of the Washington Defender Association (WDA), a statewide membership organization for public defenders, and of the National Juvenile Justice Network, which enhances the capacity of juvenile justice coalitions and organizations to promote practices that are fair, equitable and developmentally appropriate for all children, youth and families involved in, or at risk of becoming involved in, the justice system. Due March 3: Attention 3Ls! Apply for a Stoneleigh Fellowship The Stoneleigh Foundation provides a unique opportunity for leading practitioners, researchers, and policymakers to advance reforms in the systems that serve vulnerable young people – such as juvenile justice, child welfare, education, and health. Over the past ten years, our Fellows have developed new approaches to program design and delivery, changed how systems work together to better meet the needs of youth, and generated new knowledge through action-oriented research. Rolling Deadline: Policy Manager position with the Black Alliance for Just Immigration The Black Alliance for Just Immigration (BAJI) is a racial justice and migrant rights organization which engages in education, advocacy, and cross-cultural alliance-building in order to strengthen a national movement to end racism, criminalization, and economic disenfranchisement in African American and Black immigrant communities. BAJI’s headquarters are in Brooklyn, NY and we have additional offices in Oakland, CA, Atlanta, GA, and Los Angeles, CA. Position Summary: The Policy Manager will engage elected officials, policy advocates, and other stakeholders in challenging mass criminalization and unjust enforcement of immigration laws as well as rules and regulations that undermine the welfare of immigrants. Rolling Deadline, paid: Internship opportunity with Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University The newly established Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University is looking for its inaugural class of summer legal interns. We want creative, motivated, and committed law students to join us in the defense of the freedoms of speech and the press. You’ll get to do ground-breaking First Amendment litigation and to help us in the early stages of building an exciting new free-speech advocacy and research organization. Your primary responsibility as a legal intern will be to support our litigation. You’ll work alongside the Institute’s attorneys on all aspects of our litigation, including the exploration of new lawsuits, the research and analysis of legal questions, the development of litigation strategy, and the drafting of factual and legal memoranda, affidavits, and briefs. Post Grad Opportunities Abound and US District Court Judge Seeks UW Law Externs October 28, 2013 uwcpsl Community Alliance for Global Justice Seeking Part-Time Director of Organizing CAGJ is a volunteer led, membership-based organization founded in 2001 by Seattle-area activists who helped to organize the historic shutdown of the World Trade Organization meeting in 1999. We strive to carry on the protests’ legacy of effective and creative collective action for global justice, working in solidarity with the powerful social movements of the Global South who continue to inspire us with their growing resistance to the corporate-driven economic model. Our mission is to educate and mobilize with individuals and organizations to strengthen local economies everywhere. We are grassroots, community-based and committed to anti-oppressive organizing as we build solidarity across diverse movements. Focusing on the food system, we seek to transform unjust trade and agricultural policies and practices imposed by corporations, governments and other institutions while creating and supporting alternatives that embody social justice, sustainability, diversity and grassroots democracy. About the position: CAGJ’s Organizing Director will lead two areas: organizational development (through member and volunteer recruitment and engagement) and communications. Responsibilities will be shared with the Executive Director in the areas of fundraising, partner relations, strategic planning and administration. The Organizing Director will also provide program support in the area suited to their experience and interests. Applications due by November 15. For complete description and application instructions please click here. O’Neill Institute for National & Global Health Law Seeking Policy Associate The O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law seeks a candidate to serve as an O’Neill Institute Associate to work on domestic and global health law and policy projects. The O’Neill Institute is housed at Georgetown University Law Center in Washington, DC. Associates are based at the Law Center and report to the O’Neill Institute Executive Director and Deputy Director. Associates work on legal policy projects including researching and drafting white papers, organizing research colloquia, expert meetings, coordinating interdisciplinary research teams, and grant writing. Associate positions are for one year with possible renewal. Associates will receive a competitive salary with outstanding benefits. Candidates should have a J.D. degree and outstanding research and writing skills. Candidates with advanced training in public health and economics are preferred. They should also have experience in areas such as public health law and financing, health reform and healthcare systems (U.S. and comparative), and food and drug law. Applications should be submitted electronically. Complete the online application here. The application should include: resumé, cover letter, writing sample, professional references (list and contact information only, no letters of recommendation please), official law school transcript, and other graduate school transcripts (if applicable). The application deadline is November 30, 2013. Any questions about the position should be directed to oneillinstitute@law.georgetown.edu. Alliance for Justice Announces Post Grad Fellowship Alliance for Justice is offering a public interest fellowship to a recent law school graduate. The term of the fellowship will be from September 2014 through August 2015. The 2014-2015 Dorot Fellow will work on our Justice Programs, including our Judicial Selection Project, our Supreme Court campaign, and other access to justice issues. Through our Judicial Selection Project, Alliance for Justice vets nominees to the federal judiciary, working closely with Senate offices, the White House, and the U.S. Department of Justice. The Judicial Selection Project also educates the public and the press to ensure that only fair, qualified, individuals committed to social justice are confirmed. Through our Supreme Court campaign, Alliance for Justice analyzes and comments on Supreme Court decisions that benefit powerful corporate interests at the expense of everyday Americans. Under the leadership of Chief Justice John Roberts, the Court has radically rewritten laws in order to shield big business from liability, insulate corporate interests from environmental and antitrust regulation, make it easier for companies to discriminate, and enable powerful interests to flood our election process with special interest dollars. Don’t delay! Applications due no later than November 1. For complete description and application instructions please click here. Center for Budget and Policy Priorities Announces Post Grad State Policy Fellowship The Fellowship is sponsored the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, a national policy institute, and the State Fiscal Analysis Initiative (SFAI), a network of public policy organizations in over 40 states that participate in debates over budget and tax issues and other issues in their states that affect disadvantaged communities and families. Below are key details on the program: Fellows will spend two years as entry-level analysts working with a state policy organization belonging to the nationwide SFAI network. Fellows will research and write analyses on current policy issues; brief policymakers, journalists, and others on these issues; and serve as a resource for advocates and community groups. These are paid, full time positions with benefits. Fellows will participate in a professional development program that includes a week-long seminar in Washington, D.C. and additional training opportunities, including national policy conferences. Additionally, fellows will be partnered with mentors who are leaders in their field. To be eligible for the program, candidates must 1) have a graduate degree in public policy, public affairs, economics, social work, public health, law, or a related field by August 2014, 2) have a strong academic record, and 3) be eligible to work in the United States for the two-year duration of the program. Application requirements include a personal essay, resume, copies of undergraduate and graduate transcripts, and two letters of recommendation. Completed applications must be submitted by January 24, 2014, but we encourage applicants to apply earlier. The fellowship will begin in the latter part of August 2014. For complete info please click here. US District Court Judge in Portland Seeking UW Law Judicial Externs photo courtesy: El Hispanic News The Hon. Marco Hernandez, U.S. District Court, Portland, is accepting applications for full-time judicial externships. Apply for summer and fall quarters by February 28. Learn more about Judge Hernandez here. Be sure to meet with your career coach before applying. Submit a letter of interest, resume, writing sample, law school transcript (unofficial is fine), and names of three references to Honorable Marco Hernandez, U.S. District Court, 1427 U.S. Courthouse, 1000 SW Third Avenue, Portland, OR 97204.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11404
__label__wiki	0.559447	0.559447	Bobby Fischer Christa Miller 174 cm (5 ft 8.5 in) Compare your height to Christa Miller Christa Miller is 174 cm (5 ft 8.5 in) tall The difference in height is 174 cm or 5 ft 8.5 inches Who is Christa Miller? Christa Miller is a talented American actress and former child model. 1985 marked the start of Christa's acting career in the television industry through her role in the sitcom, Kate and Allie. Christa has gotten the most recognition as an actress for portraying the Ellie Torres character in the sitcom, Cougar Town. This impeccable acting in this sitcom earned her a Gracie Award in 2014. Christa is straight. For over 18 years, Christa has been married to the writer and producer, Bill Lawrence. The couple's marriage keeps growing stronger and stronger by the year and they presently have 3 children together, Charlotte, William and Henry. Christa has worked with her husband on various television shows he has produced and considers it a great joy. She is also the niece of the popular actress Susan Saint James. Thereby, making the actor and producer, Charlie Ebersol, her cousin. Religious Belief Christa is not very open about her religious belief; therefore, we cannot currently confirm what religion she is associated with or the personal convictions she lives by. However, when she was a child, she attended a Catholic all-girls school named Convent of the Sacred Heart. Christa's middle name is Beatrice. When she was just 6 months old, Christa featured in a commercial for Wonder Bread. When the Maxim magazine was just launched, Christa was its first cover. Christa is close friends with her Cougar Town co-star Courteney Cox. Dayanara Torres Share your thoughts about Christa Miller Suggest a Christa Miller Update	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11405
__label__cc	0.610852	0.389148	Femicide In Europe – A Question Of Manhood Posted on April 22, 2019 April 22, 2019 by gskaye The victims all had a Christian name – Suzanne, Ingrid, Florence, Catherine… Most had a job – schoolteacher, bank employee, secretary… They all had parents, friends, neighbours, and many had children. Their Christian names are our names and their jobs are our jobs. We too, have parents, friends, and for many of us, children. For those who do not know them, the victims’ names mean nothing. For those who do, the names are written on a sober card announcing the death of a loved-one. The victims never met but share that fatal trait of having been a woman, and having been murdered by a man. We are not talking about traffic fatalities, but about murder, about femicide. Femicide refers to the deliberate killing of women, for one reason only – because they are women. The atrocities are no more pronounced than in South-America, where it is estimated that 2000 women are murdered each year across the continent. It is the direct consequence of a deadly macho-culture that is present in countries such as El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, and Puerto Rico. The World Health Organisation defines femicide as involving, […] intentional murder of women because they are women, but broader definitions include any killings of women or girls. Femicide is usually perpetrated by men, but sometimes female family members may be involved. Femicide differs from male homicide in specific ways. For example, most cases of femicide are committed by partners or ex-partners, and involve ongoing abuse in the home, threats or intimidation, sexual violence or situations where women have less power or fewer resources than their partner. In the UK and France, a woman is murdered in this way, every three days. In the Netherlands, 47 women were murdered by men, in 2017 – nearly one a week. The UN reports a female death toll approaching 30,000 per year – the size of a small town. But these statistics do not reflect the reality of a continuous process that begins with sexual harassment and discrimination in our societies, to end up with gruesome murders in our homes. Not all women die, but all suffer abuse and humiliation. Death is just the logical conclusion to an ongoing process. Men kill due to a warped love that has turned into a obcessive desire to possess. It is a possession that suffocates the woman’s thoughts and actions, and suppresses her moods. She must always be willing, never be tired, and not even think about independence and freedom, or leaving the relationship. Her friends are his friends, her thoughts are his thoughts, her social life is for him to approve. Her movements are constantly being monitored, and she is criticised on, and judged for, all she does. The smallest deviation from the ad hoc set of rules imposed by the man is severely punished. The end-scenarios to these Machiavellic dramas are more often than not characterised by violence that defies the imagination. In the publication entitled, “Domestic abuse in England and Wales: year ending March 2018,” published by the Office for National Statistics, the domestic-abuse related offences described comprised homicide. Homicide refers simply to the killing of one person by another. Soldiers commit homicide, but do not commit a crime. Murder, on the other hand, is a homicide that is committed with malice forethought, an unjustified killing. It can be unintended while another serious felony is being committed. The victims of domestic abuse do not die because of one slap too many, or because their fragile skulls caught the wash basin a bit harder than usual. No, these women die because their husbands or companions decided to kill them. Despite the uniqueness of each case, despite the frequent mental and psychological shortcomings of the perpetrators, the common denominator to the vast majority of these crimes is that the man decided to kill the woman. The psychological circumstances under which the crimes take place only serve to underscore the terrible shortcomings of our societies, where a woman remains at best, a threat to and, at worst, an object of, the unquenchable desires and frustrations of men. There is one universal truth, applicable to all countries, cultures and communities: violence against women is never acceptable, never excusable, never tolerable. – Ban Ki-Moon, United Nations Secretary-General Such violence remains directly related to the context of a woman’s status in present-day societies. It should not be rendered justifiable by playing on the psychological status of the perpetrator. The diagnosis of a psychiatric or psychological disorder, that is then used to explain a man’s total loss of control, does not sweep aside all before it, but acts as a mirror that reflects the acrid truth about the dark biases of our world. It is a world based on daily sexism, where women surrender their bodies and lives to be controlled by men. Domestic abuse is all about taking control, and not as is so often said in men’s defence, “losing it.” Mundane sexism is crystallised in the privacy of a home to form a precipitate of binary quasicrystals along a dislocation of mental health – a precipitate comprising life and death. Post adapted from two articles published by Titiou Lecoq in the French newspaper Libération and Slate, earlier this year: Meurtres conjugaux : deux ans de recensement, plus de 200 femmes tuées et tant de victimes autour (Libération) En France, on meurt parce qu’on est une femme (Slate) Crime France Morality Society Women's Rights	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11418
__label__cc	0.523569	0.476431	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Site Map and Book List Unique URL not available Series Information: Publication Date / Set Info Title Sales Shelf Discount 35% ISBN 999-Sale-Shelf-35 Price $.35 Title 21st Century Genetics: Genes at Work Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/symp-80.htm The 80th Cold Spring Harbor Symposium was held to mark the 150th anniversary of Gregor Mendels landmark 1865 presentation of his paper Experiments on Plant Hybridization, which laid the groundwork for modern genetics. The Symposium Proceedings addresses 21st Century Genetics: Genes at Work, and provides a current synthesis of genetic mechanisms and genome/chromosome biology. This volume spans a broad range of topics that reflect our current understanding of genetic mechanisms in humans and other organisms. Themes include chromosome biology and nuclear structure, topologically associating domains, gene-enhancer interactions, chromatin and epigenetics, gene regulation and control, developmental regulation, RNA controlling elements, maintenance of genome stability, nuclear receptors, circadian clocks and aging, and genome editing. The Conversations included in this volume are based on interviews conducted during the Symposium and offer a broader anecdotal perspective on this fascinating subject by many of the worlds leading investigators. Terri Grodzicker Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Publication Date 2016/2016 361 pages, illustrated (107 color, 98 B&W), index Related Products 21st Century Genetics: Genes at Work CRISPR-Cas: A Laboratory Manual Decoding the Language of Genetics Clocks and Rhythms RNA: A Laboratory Manual Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/symp-80p.htm Bruce Stillman Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Title A Cure Within: Scientists Unleashing the Immune System to Kill Cancer The way we treat cancer is about to change forever. This revolution—and it is precisely that—was sparked not by the invention of a new drug, but by the evolution of an entirely new way of thinking about and managing cancer. Going forward, doctors will not use pharmaceuticals to attack tumors—not directly. Rather, the oncologist will treat the patient's immune system with a drug, and then the patient will treat the tumor. Based entirely on interviews with the investigators, this book is the story of the immuno-oncology pioneers. It's a story of failure, resurrection, and success. It's a story about science, it's a story about discovery, and intuition, and cunning. It's a peek into the lives and thoughts of some of the most gifted medical scientists on the planet. This is not a textbook. This is a life book. This technology will save/is saving lives, and the book celebrates the living, breathing, thinking, charming, arrogant, funny, obstinate, amazing human beings who are making immuno-oncology happen. The stories and lives shared in this book show readers the decades of devotion and passion it takes to imagine a better world and then make it happen. If this book motivates even one more similarly talented and visionary investigator to deliver on their promise it would be a wonderful success. —Clifford A. Hudis, MD, FACP, FASCO Chief Executive Officer, American Society of Clinical Oncology Neil Canavan 298 pages, illustrated (56 B&W), glossary, index Related Products Immunity and Tolerance Orphan: The Quest to Save Children with Rare Genetic Disorders Is It in Your Genes? The Influence of Genes on Common Disorders and Diseases that Affect You and Your Family Abraham Lincoln's DNA and Other Adventures in Genetics Title Abraham Lincoln's DNA and Other Adventures in Genetics Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/alincpap.htm ISBN 978-087969649-8 Twenty-four true, wide-ranging tales of crime, history, human behavior, illness, and ethics, told from the personal perspective of the author, an eminent physician-lawyer who uses the stories to illustrate the principles of human genetics and to discuss the broader issues. About the author: Philip R. Reilly earned his undergraduate degree at Cornell University, studied human genetics at the University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, and graduated from Yale Medical School in 1981. He did his medical residency at Boston City Hospital. He earned board certification in internal medicine and clinical genetics. He has served on the Board of Directors of the American Society of Human Genetics, and he is a Founding Fellow of the American College of Medical Genetics. He twice served as President of the American Society of Law, Medicine, and Ethics. During the 1990s, Reilly was the Executive Director of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center for Mental Retardation in Waltham, Massachusetts, a nonprofit that worked on understanding childhood and adult neurological disorders. Dr. Reilly has held faculty positions at Harvard Medical School and Brandeis University. Since 2009 he has worked as a venture partner at Third Rock Ventures in Boston where he focuses on helping to start companies to develop innovative therapies for orphan genetic diseases. Over the years he has published six books and many articles about the impact of advances in genetics. Reilly frequently works with patient groups who are concerned with rare genetic disorders. Philip R. Reilly Interleukin Genetics and Tufts University School of Medicine 339 pp., illus., indexes, references Related Products Abraham Lincoln's DNA and Other Adventures in Genetics The Strongest Boy in the World: How Genetic Information is Reshaping Our Lives A Cure Within: Scientists Unleashing the Immune System to Kill Cancer Title Addiction Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/addiction.htm Drug and alcohol abuse elicits significant biological changes in the brain that drive compulsive behavior and lead to addiction. Abrupt cessation leads to withdrawal, craving, and relapse. A complete understanding of the brain changes produced by abused substances is therefore necessary if we are to develop treatments for drug dependence. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine explores the biological basis of addiction to alcohol, nicotine, and other psychoactive drugs. Contributors describe the molecular targets of these drugs, the resulting changes to neural networks, and the various genetic, developmental, and behavioral factors that influence the progression from abuse to addiction. Animal models of addictive behavior and techniques to dissect neural circuits are also described. This volume includes discussion of compounds currently used or under development to treat drug dependence. Thus, it is an indispensable reference for neuroscientists and all who are interested in reducing the public health burden of substance abuse. R. Christopher Pierce University of Pennsylvania 368 pp., illus (30 4C and 25 B&W), index Title Adult Neurogenesis Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/adultneuro.htm The idea that the adult brain of mammals can generate new neurons has only recently been accepted by the scientific community, and research in this exciting area is now in full swing. Bringing together leading researchers in the field of adult neurogenesis, the 30 chapters in this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology provide a valuable overview of this emerging field and lay the groundwork for future studies. Adult Neurogenesis includes discussions on neural stem cell biology; methods and models for studying adult neurogenesis; physiological and molecular processes and their control; related neurological diseases; and comparisons of neurogenesis in humans, birds, fish, and invertebrates. It will be of interest to all researchers in neurobiology as well as those in the medical field, as it has implications for understanding depression, epilepsy, and other psychiatric disorders. Fred H. Gage The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, California 673 pp., illus, index Title Ageless Quest: One Scientist's Search for the Genes That Prolong Youth Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/ageless.htm Ageless Quest is a personal, sometimes controversial, account of the pursuit of a genetic cure for aging by an expert in the field. The author is the Novartis Professor of Biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Aging has always been regarded as a highly complex process with many degenerative changes leading to the cessation of life. But recent research has identified a relatively simple mechanism that governs the pace of aging. Lenny Guarente's Ageless Quest is a scientific detective story for the baby boom generation. It offers an insider's view of an area of potentially astonishing high rewardand equally high risk. To read Lenny Guarente's and Robert Butler's interview with Sara Davidson (The NY Times) about how the body ages and the research on trying to extend our healthy life span, click here. (You must register for free access to NYTimes.com) Lenny Guarente Massachusetts Institute of Technology 154 pp., illus., index Title Aging: The Longevity Dividend Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/agingdiv.htm Aging is one of the greatest challenges currently facing society. People are living longer than ever, but many of the later years are fraught with frailty and disease, placing an enormous burden on health-care systems. Understanding the biological changes that occur during aging and developing strategies to address them are therefore urgently needed. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine examines the biological basis of aging, strategies that may extend health span, and the societal implications of delayed aging. Contributors discuss genetic variants that accelerate or protect against aging, biochemical pathways that modulate longevity (e.g., mTOR), biological consequences of aging (e.g., decline in stem cell function), and various animal models used to study aging processes. They emphasize that age-delaying interventions will yield greater health and vitality than disease-specific treatments. Drugs that may promote health span or longevity (e.g., metformin) and efforts to prevent and treat frailty (e.g., through exercise) are explored. The authors consider the socioeconomic benefits and costs of delayed aging and also outline directions for future research and translational efforts. This volume will serve as a vital reference for all involved in the fields of geroscience and geriatric medicine, as well as anyone wishing to understand physiological processes that generate health and disease, regardless of chronological age. S. Jay Olshansky University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health 256 pages, illustrated (26 color, 5 B&W), index Related Products Aging: The Longevity Dividend Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/aging.htm Title An A to Z of DNA Science: What Scientists Mean When They Talk about Genes and Genomes Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/a2zgenes.htm Medical science constantly demands our attention, as patients or relatives, concerned citizens, voters, investors, or simply curious individuals. But for those without training, the language of science is often hard to follow. The A to Z of DNA Science book series defines and illustrates specialized terms in ways that non-specialists can appreciate and enjoy. This volume focuses on the language of genes, genomes, DNA, biotechnology, and heredity, defining, explaining, and illustrating over 200 terms used in books, broadcasting, websites, and newspaper and magazine articles. Jeffre L. Witherly National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland Publication Date September 2001/2001 Related Products An A to Z of DNA Science: What Scientists Mean When They Talk about Genes and Genomes Title An Illustrated Chinese-English Guide for Biomedical Scientists Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/chineng.htm The Illustrated ChineseEnglish Guide for Biomedical Scientists is intended to build confidence in the use of English scientific language. The book lists terms that are in common use in science laboratories, translated into both simplified and complex Chinese. It also contains illustrations of equipment, labeled in both languages. 115 pp., illus., illustrations index Related Products An Illustrated Chinese-English Guide for Biomedical Scientists Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/chinengp.htm Title An Introduction to Animal Behavior: An Integrative Approach Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/introanibehp.htm The study of animal behavior is one of the most integrative endeavors in biologyit encompasses how the behavior is acquired, how it works, why it has come to work as it does, and how it influences the behaving animal and the animals around it. In Animal Behavior: An Integrative Approach, Michael J. Ryan and Walter Wilczynski address the interrelationship of these aspects of animal behavior, which Nikolaas Tinbergen codified in his four questions as causation, ontogeny, survival value, and evolution. In light of these questions, the authors first review some of the basic concepts of ultimate and proximate aspects of behavior. They make the argument that integrating different levels of analysis is critical for deriving a correct interpretation of behavior. In subsequent chapters, they review topics such as foraging, orientation and migration, sex differences, mate choice, social bonding, cooperation, conflict, and aggression. The authors integrate information from molecular genomics through neuroscience, endocrinology, development, and learning to evolutionary genetics, selection, constraints, and phylogenetics to provide a concise but comprehensive look at current topics in animal behavior. This book provides a well-thought-out and integrated introduction to the complexity of animal behavior that should appeal to advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and professional scientists in other fields in need of a succinct review of the field. Michael J. Ryan The University of Texas at Austin 258 pp., illus. (88 color, 3 b/w), index Related Products An Introduction to Animal Behavior: An Integrative Approach Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/introanibeh.htm Title An Introduction to Nervous Systems Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/wrldfnd.htm An Introduction to Nervous Systems presents the principles of neurobiology from an evolutionary perspectivefrom singlecelled organisms to complex invertebrates such as fliesand is ideal for use as a supplemental textbook. Greenspan describes the mechanisms that allow behavior to become ever more sophisticatedfrom simple avoidance behavior of Paramecium through to the complex cognitive behaviors of the honeybeeand shows how these mechanisms produce the increasing neural complexity found in these organisms. The book ends with a discussion of what is universal about nervous systems and what may be required, neurobiologically, to be human. This novel and highly readable presentation of fundamental principles of neurobiology is designed to be accessible to undergraduate and graduate students not already steeped in the subject. Ralph J. Greenspan The Neurosciences Institute, San Diego, California 172 pp., illus., bibliography, glossary, index Related Products An Introduction to Nervous Systems Fly Pushing: The Theory and Practice of Drosophila Genetics, Second Edition Drosophila Neurobiology: A Laboratory Manual Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/wrldfndp.htm Title Angiogenesis: Biology and Pathology Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/angiogenesis.htm Angiogenesis is the process by which new blood vessels are generated from preexisting vessels. It is vital for proper embryonic development, patterning of the vascular system, and wound healing. It is rate limiting in cancer progression, because the formation of new blood vessels is essential for growth and survival of tumors. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine reviews the mechanisms of angiogenesis that operate in normal development and in diseases such as cancer. The contributors review the biology of endothelial cells, describing the specific roles of tip and stalk cells in vessel sprouting and lumen formation. They discuss the key angiogenic regulators (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]), as well as antiangiogenic agents including microRNAs, thrombospondins, and semaphorins. Therapeutic approaches that target pathological angiogenesis, such as the ongoing clinical trials of anti-VEGF drugs, are also covered. This volume, which includes discussions of other vascular dysfunctions (e.g., arteriovenous malformations) and comparisons between the blood vascular system and the lymphatic system, is a vital reference for developmental and cancer biologists, as well as anyone seeking to understand the biology and pathology of the vascular system. Michael Klagsbrun Children's Hospital Boston Publication Date December 2011/2011 522 pp., illus. (62 4C and 11 B&W), index Title The Annotated and Illustrated Double Helix Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/autoillus.htm Price $Not for Sale The structure of DNA deduced by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953 was one of the most significant scientific discoveries of the 20th century. Fifteen years later, Watson wrote The Double Helix, his classic account of the discovery. It was something new, a description of science in action written not as a formal autobiography or a measured history, but in the voice of a brash, ambitious young man who knew the big question in biology and wanted the answer. In this edition, Watsons text is unchanged, but Alex Gann and Jan Witkowski have added over three hundred annotations on the events and characters portrayed, with facsimile letters and contemporary photographs, many previously unpublished. Their sources include newly discovered correspondence from Crick, the papers of Franklin, Pauling, and Wilkins, and they include a chapter dropped from the original edition. The Double Helix is recognized by the Library of Congress as A Book That Shaped America. This new edition, published to mark the 50th anniversary of the Nobel Prize for Watson, Crick, and Wilkins, and the 60th anniversary of the discovery itself, adds depth and richness to one of the most famous stories in science. The Double Helix is the best book I know about a scientific discovery—this new edition suffuses the whole with social history, fascinating documentation, photography, and cunning background research. The early fifties, the beginning of the modern age of molecular biology, spring to life. —Ian McEwan, author of Atonement The Double Helix is an extraordinary book: a thrilling, novelistic account of one of the most surprising of all scientific discoveries. This new edition draws upon a remarkable and eclectic archive of information to bring to life the stories of those who found the secret of life. Matt Ridley, author of Genome and Francis Crick James D. Watson Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 345 pages, illus. (320 B&W), index Title Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/antibioticres.htm One of the greatest medical accomplishments of the past century was the introduction of antibiotics into the clinic. However, the use of these lifesaving drugs rapidly led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, which have become increasingly difficult and expensive to eradicate. Antibiotic resistance now severely limits our ability to curb infectious diseases and is therefore a major global health concern. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine examines the major classes of antibiotics, together with their modes of action and mechanisms of resistance. Well-established antibiotics (e.g., β-lactams) are covered, as are lesser-used drugs that have garnered recent interest (e.g., polymyxins) and new compounds in the development pipeline. The contributors describe the mechanisms by which the agents disrupt cell wall assembly and maintenance, membrane synthesis and integrity, DNA and RNA metabolism, protein synthesis, and the folate cycle. They also examine how bacteria evolve ways to resist these disruptions by modifying the drug or drug target or by controlling access of the drug to the cell. The authors also explore the environmental origins of antibiotic resistance and provide guidance on the rational development and therapeutic application of new antibiotics. This volume is therefore an essential reference for microbiologists, pharmacologists, infectious disease biologists, and all concerned with this medical crisis. Karen Bush Indiana University 404 pages, illustrated (34 color, 28 B&W), index Title Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Second edition Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/antibodies2p.htm It has been 25 years since the now classic lab manual Antibodies, by Harlow and Lane appeared. This second edition of Antibodies, edited by Edward A. Greenfield of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute builds on the core strengths of the first edition, presenting clear and authoritative protocols with extensive background information and troubleshooting advice. The original introductory chapters have been recast and updated to take into account our current understanding of the immune system. The critical chapters on generating monoclonal antibodies and growing hybridomas, which demystified hybridoma generation, have been greatly expanded and updated to make these procedures easy to follow and adaptable to current research needs. The remaining chapters contain all new protocols and topics and reflect the progress in how antibodies are studied and used since the appearance of the original edition. These include: antibody purification and storage engineering antibodies, including use of degenerate oligonucleotides, 5'-RACE, phage display, and mutagenesis extensive labeling techniques new immunoblotting protocols the latest screening and labeling techniques As Dr. Greenfield notes in his preface to this second edition: "The Antibodies manual provided our laboratory with guidance in the form of protocols and recommendations for setting up a hybridoma facility. Everything we needed to know to make a monoclonal antibody was all there, neatly packaged in an easy-to-understand book....the second edition is intended to provide the necessary information and protocols to assist investigators with their first monoclonal antibody effort as well as to provide guidance for more experiences antibody makers who are having some difficulties with a particular project." What's New in This Edition? I have the first edition. Why should I buy the second edition? While the core of the first edition appears in updated and recast form in the second edition, more than half of the second edition contains entirely new information and protocols to reflect the changes in the field since the first edition. To whom is this edition addressed? Is this a book for immunologists? As with the first edition, the second edition provides information and protocols for both the neophyte and the experienced investigator. It dissects the mysteries of producing the antibodies and reagents you need for your experiments with the needs of molecular biologists in mind. It is the perfect book for new members of your lab as it has sufficient background information to provide context as well as clear, step-by-step instructions for performing the needed experiments—both the why and the how for these techniques. And if things go wrong, there is extensive troubleshooting to diagnose the problem. Are the protocols in this book better than those available for download on the Web? Many of the protocols available on the Web are perfectly good, but there are many that are not. Reagents are expensive and deadlines are tight. CSHL Press manuals provide protocols that have been formulated and tested in the labs of leading investigators in the field. They are reliable and they work. And they include the context and troubleshooting information that many online protocols do not have. Edward A. Greenfield Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 847 pp., illus. (32 4C, 103 B&W), index Title At the Bench: A Laboratory Navigator, Updated Edition Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/atbench2.htm At the Bench is the unique and hugely successful handbook for living and working in the laboratory, an essential aid to understanding basic lab techniques and how research groups work at a human level. In this newly revised edition, chapters have been rewritten to accommodate the impact of computer technology and the Internet, not only on the acquisition and analysis of data, but also on its organization and presentation. Alternatives to the use of radiation have been expanded, and figures and illustrations have been redrawn to reflect changes in laboratory equipment and procedures. Wise, light-hearted, but thoroughly practical, Dr. Barker offers advice, moral support, social etiquette, and professional reassurance along with assume-nothing, step-by-step instructions for those basic but vital laboratory procedures that experienced investigators knowbut may not realize novices dont. If you are a graduate student, a physician with research intentions, or a laboratory technician, this book is indispensable. If you have to manage or mentor such people, giving a copy to each of them will greatly improve your life, and theirs. About the author: Kathy Barker received her B.A. in Biology and English, and her M.A. and Ph.D. in Microbiology, from various branches of the University of Massachusetts. She did her postdoctoral work in the laboratory of Viral Oncology at Rockefeller University and was an Assistant Professor in the Laboratory of Cell Physiology and Immunology at Rockefeller University. She is now based in Seattle, where she writes and gives workshops on various aspects of running a lab. Dr. Barker invites you to send any comments or questions to her. Kathy Barker The Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle 465 pp., illus., appendices, index Related Products At the Bench: A Laboratory Navigator At the Helm: A Laboratory Navigator Title At the Helm: Leading Your Laboratory, Second Edition Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/at_helm2.htm Since 2002, the first edition of this best-selling book has helped thousands of newly appointed principal investigators successfully transition to running their own labs. But changes in technology continue to transform the way science is done, affecting ways in which labs communicate and collaborate, organize data and supplies, and keep current on the latest developments. The culture of science has also evolved, as more scientists explore non-academic career paths, seek new ways to communicate information and ideas, and acquire skills and knowledge outside of their field. In the second edition of this book, Kathy Barker has substantially revised the text, offering PIs advice on adapting to the changes and challenges that the years have brought. New topics include collaboration contracts, performance evaluations, communicating with non-scientists, tips for succeeding on the tenure track, and professional development. With this book as a guide, any new or aspiring PI will be well-equipped to manage personnel, time, and institutional responsibilities with confidence. Kathy Barker Seattle, Washington 372 pp., illus. (2 b/w), index Trim size: 7" x 10" Related Products Lab Dynamics: Management Skills for Scientists At the Bench: A Laboratory Navigator, Updated Edition Title Auxin Signaling: From Synthesis to Systems Biology Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/auxinsig.htm Auxin is an important plant hormone that controls numerous aspects of development and physiology, including responses to light, tissue patterning, and organogenesis. It forms concentration gradients across various tissues throughout the plant and exerts its effects by binding to auxin binding proteins and regulating transcription of distinct sets of target genes. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology describes the numerous processes auxin controls. These include growth of the shoot apical meristem, leaf and vein patterning, and flower, fruit, and root development. Other chapters examine how auxin is synthesized by plants, the nature of auxin receptors, the Aux/IAA family of transcriptional repressors that auxin regulates, and the variety of auxin transport mechanisms that exist in plants. The book also examines the extraordinary complexity of auxin responses and discusses new computational models for mechanisms that allow this hormone to generate such a wide variety of outputs. It is thus of interest to systems biologists, biochemists, and developmental biologists, as well as all plant biologists interested in the regulation of plant behavior and morphogenesis. Mark Estelle University of California, San Diego 253 pp., illus. (36 color, 13 b/w), index Title Bacterial Pathogenesis Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/bacterialpath.htm Bacterial illnessessuch as tuberculosis, pneumonia, typhoid fever, meningitis, and dysenteryare some of the most devastating worldwide. Although antibiotics and vaccines control their prevalence to some extent, the emergence of new virulence mechanisms and new forms of resistance to antibacterial agents makes research in this field critical to understanding and controlling infectious diseases. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine provides a comprehensive review of the biology of these pathogens, their virulence mechanisms, and the host's response to infection. The contributors survey the various toxins and effectors that are used to hijack the cellular machinery of the host, and they explain how their production is coordinated and controlled. The host specificity of bacterial pathogens and the genetic basis of susceptibility are also considered. Other chapters are devoted to the pathogenic mechanisms of specific bacterial species (e.g., Salmonella, Chlamydia, and Helicobacter pylori). The authors also describe novel vaccine strategies and antimicrobial approaches (e.g., phage therapy or biofilm disruption), as well as the use of probiotics to benefit human health. This volume is thus an essential reference for microbiologists, immunologists, and cell and molecular biologists, as well as clinicians and other public health professionals. Stanley Maloy San Diego State University Title Basic Methods in Microscopy Protocols and Concepts from Cells: A Laboratory Manual Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/basmicp.htm Imaging has become a vital tool for researchers in all aspects of biology. Recent advances in microscope technology, labeling techniques and gene and protein manipulation methods have led to breakthroughs in our understanding of biological processes. In order to take advantage of these techniques, biologists need to understand the fundamental techniques of microscopy. The methods found here, drawn from the popular laboratory standard manual Cells: A Laboratory Manual, provide a solid course in the basics of using the microscope in a biology laboratory. Basic Methods in Microscopy provides an essential guide to light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, multiphoton microscopy and electron microscopy, preparation of tissues and cells, labeling of specimens and analysis of cellular events. This manual is an important tool for any biology researcher employing imaging as a research method. David L. Spector Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Related Products Basic Methods in Microscopy Title Basic Methods in Protein Purification and Analysis: A Laboratory Manual Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/bmppap.htm ISBN 978-087969-867-6 Understanding how proteins function is an essential part of many biological research endeavors. The complexity and sheer number of proteins in a cell are impediments to identifying proteins of interest or purifying proteins for function and structure analysis. Thus, reducing the complexity of a protein sample or in some cases purifying a protein to homogeneity is necessary. The latest manual in the Basic Methods series contains a collection of convenient and easy to use protein purification protocols along with a sampling of dependable methods for assessing protein–protein interactions. The protocols are supported by background information to assist researchers in understanding how the purification methods work and how to optimize and troubleshoot the methods. The collection of essential methods found in Basic Methods in Protein Purification and Analysis is mainly drawn from the popular manuals Proteins and Proteomics, Purifying Proteins for Proteomics, and Protein–Protein Interactions, 2nd Ed. In addition to protocols for purification using gel electrophoresis and column chromatography, this book contains tested methods for preparing cellular and subcellular extracts–a critical and often neglected step in successful protein purification. Rounding out the manual are methods for characterizing protein–protein interactions, an extensive appendix of essential methods for quantifying protein concentration, stabilizing and storing proteins, concentrating proteins, and immunoblotting. Finally, there is a new chapter on a method complementary to gel electrophoresis and chromatography: in silico analysis of genomic and proteomic databases. Richard J. Simpson Joint ProteomicS Laboratory (JPSL) of the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia Related Products Basic Methods in Protein Purification and Analysis: A Laboratory Manual Proteins and Proteomics: A Laboratory Manual Protein-Protein Interactions: A Molecular Cloning Manual, Second Edition Title Basic Stereology for Biologists and Neuroscientists Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/basicstereo.htm Stereological techniques allow biologists to create quantitative, three-dimensional descriptions of biological structures from two-dimensional images of tissue viewed under the microscope. For example, they can accurately estimate the size of a particular organelle, the total length of a mass of capillaries, or the number of neurons or synapses in a particular region of the brain. This book provides a practical guide to designing and critically evaluating stereological studies of the nervous system and other tissues. It explains the basic concepts behind design-based stereology and how to get started. Also included are detailed descriptions of how to prepare tissue appropriately, perform pilot studies and decide on the appropriate sampling strategy, and account for phenomena such as tissue shrinkage. Numerous examples of applications of stereological methods that are applicable to studies of the central system and a wide variety of other tissues are explained. The book is therefore essential reading for neurobiologists and cell biologists interested in generating accurate representations of cell and tissue architecture. Mark J. West University of Aarhus, Denmark Title Binding and Kinetics for Molecular Biologists Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/bindkin.htm This handbook offers a practical guide to the principles of quantitative analysis in biological experiments. The material is primarily aimed at working molecular biologists, but the scope and clarity of presentation make it equally suitable as an introduction for students. Topics covered range from the basicssuch as measuring the concentrations of macromoleculesthrough considerations of binding constants and the kinetics of molecular interactions. The book ends with a thorough consideration of data analysis. James A. Goodrich University of Colorado, Boulder Title Bioelectronic Medicine Electronic devices can now be used to analyze and modulate the electrical activity within the nervous system. This book explores how development of these devices is leading to new diagnostics and treatment options for patients. Valentin A. Pavlov Feinstein Institute for Medical Research Publication Date July 2019/2019 300 pages (approx.), illustrated, index Title A Bioinformatics Guide for Molecular Biologists Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/bioinfoguidemb.htm Informatics can vastly assist progress in research and development in cell and molecular biology and biomedicine. However, many investigators are either unaware of the ways in which informatics can improve their research or find it inaccessible due to a feeling of informatics anxiety. This sense of apprehension results from improper communication of the principles behind these approaches and of the value of the many tools available. In fact, many researchers are inherently distrustful of these tools. A more complete understanding of bioinformatics offered in A Bioinformatics Guide for Molecular Biologists will allow the reader to become comfortable with these techniques, encouraging their usethus helping to make sense of the vast accumulation of data. To make these concepts more accessible, the editors approach the field of bioinformatics from the viewpoint of a molecular biologist, (1) arming the biologist with a basic understanding of the fundamental concepts in the field, (2) presenting approaches for using the tools from the standpoint of the data for which they are created, and (3) showing how the field of informatics is quickly adapting to the advancements in biology and biomedical technologies. All concepts are paired with recommendations for the appropriate programming environment and tools best suited to solve the particular problem at hand. It is a must-read for those interested in learning informatics techniques required for successful research and development in the laboratory. Sarah Aerni Pivotal Software, Inc. 328 pp, illus. (64 4C, 26 B&W), index Title Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome Analysis, Second Edition Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/bioinf2p.htm As more species' genomes are sequenced, computational analysis of these data has become increasingly important. The second, entirely updated edition of this widely praised textbook provides a comprehensive and critical examination of the computational methods needed for analyzing DNA, RNA, and protein data, as well as genomes. The book has been rewritten to make it more accessible to a wider audience, including advanced undergraduate and graduate students. New features include chapter guides and explanatory information panels and glossary terms. New chapters in this second edition cover statistical analysis of sequence alignments, computer programming for bioinformatics, and data management and mining. Practically oriented problems at the ends of chapters enhance the value of the book as a teaching resource. The book also serves as an essential reference for professionals in molecular biology, pharmaceutical, and genome laboratories. David Mount University of Arizona, Tucson Related Products Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome Analysis, Second Edition Title The Biology of Alzheimer Disease Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/bioalzdis.htm Alzheimer disease causes the gradual deterioration of cognitive function, including severe memory loss and impairments in abstraction and reasoning. Understanding the complex changes that occur in the brain as the disease progresses—including the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles—is critical for the development of successful therapeutic approaches. Written and edited by leading experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine includes contributions covering all aspects of Alzheimer disease, from our current molecular understanding to therapeutic agents that could be used to treat and, ultimately, prevent it. Contributors discuss the biochemistry and cell biology of amyloid β-protein precursor (APP), tau, presenilin, β-secretase, and apolipoprotein E and their involvement in Alzheimer disease. They also review the clinical, neuropathological, imaging, and biomarker phenotypes of the disease; genetic alterations associated with the disorder; and epidemiological insights into its causation and pathogenesis. This comprehensive volume, which includes discussions of therapeutic strategies that are currently used or under development, is a vital reference for neurobiologists, cell biologists, pathologists, and other scientists pursuing the biological basis of Alzheimer disease, as well as investigators, clinicians, and students interested in its pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention. Dennis J. Selkoe Harvard Medical School 511 pp., illus. (63 4C & 9 B&W), index Title Biology of Drosophila Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/biodrosp.htm Biology of Drosophila was first published by John Wiley and Sons in 1950. Until its appearance, no central, synthesized source of biological data on Drosophila melanogaster was available, despite the fly's importance to science for three decades. Ten years in the making, it was an immediate success and remained in print for two decades. However, original copies are now very hard to find. This facsimile edition makes available to the fly community once again its most enduring work of reference. M. Demerec 632 pp., illus., indexes Related Products Biology of Drosophila Title The Biology of Exercise Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/bioexerp.htm Exercise training provokes widespread transformations in the human body, requiring coordinated changes in muscle composition, blood flow, neuronal and hormonal signaling, and metabolism. These changes enhance physical performance, improve mental health, and delay the onset of aging and disease. Understanding the molecular basis of these changes is therefore important for optimizing athletic ability and for developing drugs that elicit therapeutic effects. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine examines the biological basis of exercise from the molecular to the systemic levels. Contributors discuss how transcriptional regulation, cytokine and hormonal signaling, glucose metabolism, epigenetic modifications, microRNA profiles, and mitochondrial and ribosomal functions are altered in response to exercise training, leading to improved skeletal muscle, hippocampal, and cardiovascular functions. Cross talk among the pathways underlying tissue-specific and systemic responses to exercise is also considered. The authors also discuss how the understanding of such molecular mechanisms may lead to the development of drugs that mitigate aging and disease. This volume will therefore serve as a vital reference for all involved in the fields of sports science and medicine, as well as anyone seeking to understand the molecular mechanisms by which exercise promotes whole-body health. Juleen R. Zierath Karolinska Institutet 396 pages, illustrated (46 color and 28 B&W), index Related Products The Biology of Exercise Title The Biology of Heart Disease Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/bioheartdis.htm The heart is the first organ to form in a developing embryo, and all subsequent life processes depend on its proper function. But a range of genetic and environmental factors can lead to its failure. Inherited mutations give rise to congenital heart disease, the most common birth defect, and abnormalities of the adult heart are a leading cause of illness and death in industrialized countries. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine describes how recent advances in genetics, stem cell biology, and developmental biology are transforming the way we understand and treat heart disease. Contributors review the various cell lineages and molecular networks involved in heart development; the genetic basis of inherited cardiac conditions such as congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathies, and aortic aneurysm; and how various cutting-edge technologies and models are being employed to study heart biology, uncover disease-related processes, and identify therapeutic targets. Topics include tissue engineering, genome editing, stem cells, cardiomyocyte reprogramming, chemically modified RNA, and next-generation DNA sequencing. The authors also consider the process of drug discovery and development, and the potential for patient-specific treatments and therapies. This volume is a valuable reference for cardiologists, geneticists, and cell and developmental biologists interested in this complex, vital organ and the future of cardiovascular medicine. Kenneth R. Chien Massachusetts General Hospital Title The Biology of Plants Plants are integral to human well being, and many species have been domesticated for over ten thousand years. Evidence of plant scientific investigation and classification can be found in ancient texts from cultures around the world (Chinese, Indian, Greco-Roman, Muslim etc.), while early modern botany can be traced to the late 15th and early 16th centuries in Europe. During the past several decades plant biology has been revolutionized first by molecular biology and then by the genomic era. The model organism Arabidopsis thaliana has proved an invaluable tool for investigation into fundamental processes in plant biology, many of which share commonalities with animal biology. Plant-specific processes from reproduction to immunity and second messengers have also yielded to extensive investigation. With the genomes of more than thirty plant species now available and many more planned in the near future, the impact on our understanding of plant evolution and biology continues to grow. Our increased ability to engineer plant species to a variety of ends may provide novel solutions to ensure adequate and reliable food production and renewable energy even as climate change impacts our environment. The decision to focus the 2012 Symposium on plant science reflects the enormous research progress achieved in recent years, and is intended to provide a broad synthesis of the current state of the field, setting the stage for future discoveries and application. This is the first Symposium in this historic series focused exclusively on the botanical sciences. 352 pp., illus. 55 4C, 102 B Related Products The Biology of Plants Title The Biology of the TGF-Î² Family Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/bioTGF-b.htm The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family is a large group of structurally related proteins that drive developmental programs and control cell behavior. The TGF-β family members exert their effects by binding to receptors on the cell surface, activating intracellular signaling pathways that modulate gene expression programs that control normal cell physiology, immune responses, and a variety of developmental processes. TGF-β signaling is also important in conditions such as cancer, skeletal disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology provides a comprehensive view of the different members of the TGF-β family, the signaling pathways they control, and how they influence development, normal physiology, and disease. The contributors describe the various TGF-β family ligands, including activins and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), the structures and functions of the type I and type II receptors, and how ligand-receptor binding is regulated. Both Smad and non-Smad signaling pathways are discussed, as is cross talk between TGF-β and other signaling pathways (e.g., Wnt). Individual chapters are devoted to the roles of TGF-β signaling in specific biological processes, including cell proliferation, mesenchymal differentiation, branching morphogenesis, stem cell biology, immunity, vascular function, reproduction, and neurobiology. The roles of TGF-β signaling in cancer, fibrosis, skeletal diseases, and other conditions, as well as prospects for therapeutics, are also covered. The authors also review TGF-β signaling in model organisms (e.g., C. elegans and Drosophila), as well as the discovery of TGF-β and early research in the field. This volume is therefore a comprehensive reference on the biology of the TGF-β family, and it will be valuable for not only cell and developmental biologists but all who wish to learn about this important field of research. Rik Derynck University of California, San Francisco 1164 pages, illustrated (149 color and 8 B&W), index Title Blue Skies and Bench Space: Adventures in Cancer Research Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/blueskies.htm What happens when a cancer research institute's only remit is to be the best it can be? For more than 100 years, one laboratory in London has operated on just that premise. With a generous budget, inspired leadership, and a stable of scientific thoroughbreds, the Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratories produced some of the 20th century's most exciting advances in molecular biology. In its 21st century incarnation, as the Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, it continues to inspire a new generation of researchers. In this book, written with the assistance of the past and present inhabitants of the London Research Institute, Kathy Weston tells the inside story of the lab's greatest voyages into the scientific unknown, revealing the personalities behind the dry passive voice of the scientific paper. Science is an art, a vocation, a complicated landscape of data in which, just sometimes, the trained and alert eye can detect a glint of gold. In these pages, the gold is present, but equally to be treasured are the all-too-human scientists stumbling towards its seductive glimmer. Kathleen Weston Cancer Research UK London Research Institute 336 pp., illus., glossary, index Title Bone: A Regulator of Physiology Bone plays far more than just a structural role in our bodies. It actively communicates with our brains, kidneys, and other organs, releasing and responding to signaling molecules that regulate biological processes such as glucose metabolism and lymphoid development. Defects in these interactions may lead to osteoporosis, multiple myeloma, and other diseases or developmental flaws. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine examines our current understanding of the dynamic interactions between bone and other organs and systems in the body and the molecules and mechanisms that mediate them. Contributors discuss endocrine factors that act on bone (e.g., parathyroid hormone and sex steroids) as well as molecules that are secreted by bone and act on other tissues (e.g., osteocalcin and FGF23). The interplay between bone and the nervous, immune, and vascular systems is explored, as is the influence of gut microbiota on bone homeostasis. The authors also consider the diseases that result when homeostatic pathways are disrupted and how new knowledge of these pathways may be harnessed for the development of therapeutics. This volume is therefore a valuable reference for not only physiologists and endocrinologists but for all who are interested in diseases linked to the skeletal system. Gerard Karsenty Columbia University Medical Center 232 pages, illustrated (33 color and 5 B&W), index Title Brains & Behavior: Order & Disorder in the Nervous System The 2018 Symposium on Brains & Behavior: Order & Disorder in the Nervous System explores the tremendous recent progress in neuroscience and technologies and how these advances may be used to improve brain health and address psychiatric and neurological disorders. David Stewart Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Illustrated, index Title Budding Yeast: A Laboratory Manual Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/buddingyeast.htm Over the past century, studies of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have helped to unravel principles of nearly every aspect of eukaryotic cell biologyfrom metabolism and molecular genetics to cell division and differentiation. Thanks to its short generation time, ease of genetic manipulation, and suitability for high-throughput studies, yeast remains the focus of research in a vast number of laboratories worldwide. This laboratory manual provides a comprehensive collection of experimental procedures that continue to make budding yeast an informative model. The contributors describe methods for culturing and genetically modifying yeast, strategies and tools (e.g., gene deletion collections) for functional analyses, approaches for characterizing cell structure and morphology, and techniques to probe the modifications and interactions of various cellular constituents (e.g., using one- and two-hybrid screens). Strategies for studying metabolomics, complex traits, and evolution in yeast are also covered, as are methods to isolate and investigate new strains of yeast from the wild. Several additional chapters are devoted to bioinformatics tools and resources for yeast biology (e.g., the Saccharomyces Genome Database). This manual is therefore an essential resource for all researchers, from graduate level upward, who use budding yeast to explore the intricate workings of cells. Brenda Andrews University of Toronto Related Products Budding Yeast: A Laboratory Manual Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/buddingyeastp.htm Title C. elegans Atlas Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/celatlas.htm Derived from the acclaimed online WormAtlas, C. elegans Atlas is a large-format, full-color atlas of the hermaphroditic form of the model organism C. elegans, known affectionately as the worm by workers in the field. Prepared by the editors of the WormAtlas Consortium, David H. Hall and Zeynep F. Altun, this book combines explanatory text with copious, labeled, color illustrations and electron micrographs of the major body systems of C. elegans. Also included are electron microscopy cross sections of the worm. This laboratory reference is essential for the working worm biologist, at the bench and at the microscope, and provides a superb companion to the C. elegans II monograph. It is also a valuable tool for investigators in the fields of developmental biology, neurobiology, reproductive biology, gene expression, and molecular biology. David H. Hall Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York 348 pp., illus., appendix, index Related Products C. elegans Atlas The Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans C. elegans II Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/celatlash.htm Title C. elegans II Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/celegans.htm Studies of the cells and genes of the nematode C. elegans have become a cornerstone of current biology. A classic 1988 Cold Spring Harbor monograph, The Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, described the basic genetics, anatomy and development of the organism. Now, in that authoritative tradition, comes C. elegans II -- not a second edition but a book that breaks new ground and defines the current status of the field, providing a detailed molecular explanation of how development is regulated and the nervous system specifies varied aspects of behavior. This volume is a must for any investigator doing worm studies but it has been written and rigorously edited to illuminate for a wider community of investigators in cell and molecular biology who should know how new knowledge of C. elegans relates to their own specialty. Donald L. Riddle University of Missouri, Columbia Publication Date February 1997/1997 1222 pp., illus., color plates, index Related Products The Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans C. elegans Atlas Title Calcium Signaling Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/calciumsig.htm Calcium ions play a critical role in signaling in a wide variety of cells and tissues, including muscle, immune cells, neurons, the liver, and oocytes. They can enter the cytoplasm from the extracellular environment or from intracellular stores and control the activity of numerous enzymes, other signaling molecules, transcription factors, and cytoskeletal components. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology explores the channels and pumps that transport calcium between different compartments and the regulation of calcium fluxes. The contributors discuss calcium buffers and sensors and how these produce distinct spatiotemporal calcium signals in different circumstances. Including discussions of calcium signaling during development and normal physiology, as well as perturbed signaling in diseases such as diabetes, neurodegeneration, and atherosclerosis, the volume is an indispensable reference for biochemists, cell and developmental biologists, and physiologists seeking a comprehensive treatment of calcium biology. Martin D. Bootman The Babraham Institute 499 pp., illus. (71 4C color images and 11 B&W images), index Title Calcium Signaling, Second Edition Calcium signals—rapid changes in calcium ion concentration—are carefully orchestrated by a suite of proteins that transport and bind to calcium ions inside cells. These signals influence virtually all aspects of animal development and physiology, from fertilization and cell differentiation to muscle contraction and nerve impulses. Aberrant calcium signaling is associated with various pathologies (e.g., cancer and neurodegeneration) as well as aging. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology provides a comprehensive update on all facets of calcium signaling. The contributors discuss the components and activities of the various calcium-sequestering organelles inside cells, the dynamic interactions that lead to spatiotemporally distinct signals in different circumstances, and the downstream effector mechanisms that translate the signals into biological outcomes. Recent advances in the field (e.g., structural insights into the functions of certain calcium channels) are emphasized throughout. The authors also discuss normal and perturbed calcium signaling during fertilization, development, physiology, regeneration, aging, and disease. This volume is therefore an indispensable reference for biochemists, cell and developmental biologists, and physiologists seeking a comprehensive treatment of calcium signaling. Geert Bultynck KU Leuven Publication Date August 2019/2019 Title Calcium Techniques: A Laboratory Manual Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/calciumtechp.htm Life begins with a surge of calcium ions (Ca2+) at fertilization, and thereafter, Ca2+ signaling influences nearly every aspect of mammalian development and physiology, from gene expression and cell proliferation to muscle contraction and nerve impulses. To create spatiotemporally distinct Ca2+ signals, cells use a variety of mechanisms to recognize, transport, and buffer Ca2+. Thus, a diverse range of reliable experimental techniques is necessary to study the movement of Ca2+ and the various effectors involved. This laboratory manual provides step-by-step protocols for studying many facets of Ca2+ signaling, as well as background information on the principles and applications of the techniques. Contributors discuss how to use fluorescent, luminescent, and genetically encoded Ca2+ probes in conjunction with state-of-the-art imaging modalities to characterize Ca2+ signals. Electrophysiological measurements of Ca2+ channel activity are described, as are radioactive Ca2+ flux assays and methods to investigate signaling mediated by specific Ca2+-mobilizing messengers (IP3, cADPR, and NAADP). Techniques to modulate and suppress intra- and intercellular signals are also provided. Each protocol is complete with a list of required materials, detailed recipes for media and reagents, and troubleshooting advice. Specific chapters are devoted to Ca2+ signaling techniques in nonmammalian systems, such as plants, yeast, zebrafish, and Xenopus. Methods for assessing Ca2+-binding kinetics and strategies for developing mathematical models of Ca2+ signaling are also included. Thus, this manual is a comprehensive laboratory resource for biochemists, cell and developmental biologists, and physiologists who are using or looking to expand their repertoire of Ca2+ techniques. Jan B. Parys KU Leuven 608 pp., illus. (62 4C, 56 B&W), index Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/calciumtech.htm Title Cancer Evolution Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/cancerevo.htm Tumor progression is driven by mutations that confer growth advantages to different subpopulations of cancer cells. As a tumor grows, these subpopulations expand, accumulate new mutations, and are subjected to selective pressures from the environment, including anticancer interventions. This process, termed clonal evolution, can lead to the emergence of therapy-resistant tumors and poses a major challenge for cancer eradication efforts. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine examines cancer progression as an evolutionary process and explores how this way of looking at cancer may lead to more effective strategies for managing and treating it. The contributors review efforts to characterize the subclonal architecture and dynamics of tumors, understand the roles of chromosomal instability, driver mutations, and mutation order, and determine how cancer cells respond to selective pressures imposed by anticancer agents, immune cells, and other components of the tumor microenvironment. They compare cancer evolution to organismal evolution and describe how ecological theories and mathematical models are being used to understand the complex dynamics between a tumor and its microenvironment during cancer progression. The authors also discuss improved methods to monitor tumor evolution (e.g., liquid biopsies) and the development of more effective strategies for managing and treating cancers (e.g., immunotherapies). This volume will therefore serve as a vital reference for all cancer biologists as well as anyone seeking to improve clinical outcomes for patients with cancer. Charles Swanton The Francis Crick Institute Title Career Opportunities in Biotechnology and Drug Development As the world of biotechnology has grown in leaps and bounds, so too have the career opportunities. But the choices can be daunting. What types of jobs are available? How do you get your foot in the door? What will your job entail if you become a Preclinical Project Manager or a Process Scientist? What's the difference between biotech and pharma? Career Opportunities in Biotechnology and Drug Development provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of careers in the life science industry, with all their ups and downs. The author, Toby Freedman, Ph.D., has conducted interviews with hundreds of key players in the industry, who provide firsthand explanations of their daytoday roles and responsibilities, and offer key insights into how they landed those jobs in the first place. Careers in everything from discovery research to venture capital are covered in detail. Each chapter includes valuable sections on preparing yourself for a prospective career: educational requirements and personality characteristics needed; recommendations of books, magazines, and Web site resources; and issues to consider regarding salary and compensation. The book also includes interviewing and job searching tips, as well as suggestions on writing a resume specifically for industry. Career Opportunities in Biotechnology and Drug Development is an essential guide for science graduates and medical, business, legal, hightech or engineering professionals. With discussions of job security, future trends, and potential career paths, even those already working in industry will find helpful information on how to take advantage of opportunities available within their own companies and elsewhere. This book will help you make wiser and more informed decisions about what role you would like to play in the biotechnology and drug development industry. Toby Freedman Synapsis Search, Portola Valley, California Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/careerp.htm Related Products Career Opportunities in Biotechnology and Drug Development Title Career Options for Biomedical Scientists Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/CareerOpsBioSci.htm Most people who do a PhD and postdoctoral work in the biomedical sciences do not end up as principal investigators in a research lab. Despite this, graduate courses and postdoctoral fellowships tend to focus almost exclusively on training for bench science rather than other career paths. This book plugs the gap by providing information about a wide variety of different careers that individuals with a PhD in the life sciences can pursue. Covering everything from science writing and grant administration to patent law and management consultancy, the book includes firsthand accounts of what the jobs are like, the skills required, and advice on how to get a foot in the door. It will be a valuable resource for all life scientists considering their career options and laboratory heads who want to give career advice to their students and postdocs. Kaaren Janssen Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 232pp., illus. (13 B&W), index Buy 10-19 copies25% off Buy 30 or more copies35% off Title Cell Biology of Addiction Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/celbioad.htm This monograph, written by experts in the field, is devoted to the molecular analysis of addiction pathways in the brain. It provides an intensive overview of the fundamentals, stateoftheart advances, and major gaps in the cell and molecular biology of drug addiction within the broader context of neuroscience. Addiction research is a branch of neuroscience and psychology. The emphasis in this book is on hard science and the market for it will be found among research investigators and grad students within the field of neuroscience. The research presented is not only applicable to the study of drug abuse and addiction, but has clear implications for clarifying mechanisms of learning and memory, neuroadaptation, perception, volitional behavior, motivation, reward, and other disciplines of neuroscience. Bertha K. Madras Harvard Medical School Title Cell Death Techniques: A Laboratory Manual Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/celldeathtechp.htm Regulated cell death, which is involved in nearly every aspect of animal development and physiology, can be challenging to study in the laboratory. There are multiple types of cell death, several interconnected signaling pathways can be activated, and the postmortem consequences may vary. Therefore, a combination of specialized techniques is often required to characterize and confirm cell death in the system of interest. This laboratory manual provides a comprehensive suite of step-by-step protocols for inducing, detecting, visualizing, characterizing, and quantifying cell death in a variety of systems. The contributors describe strategies for identifying and evaluating the biochemical and morphological changes that occur during apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis, and other forms of cell death, as well as for pinpointing the genes and proteins that may be involved. The protocols employ flow cytometry, imaging and microscopy, RNAi, western blotting, enzymatic activity measurements, and other tools to assess phenomena such as DNA fragmentation, lysosomal membrane permeabilization, autophagic flux, apoptosome or ripoptosome formation, caspase activation, and cytochrome c release. Techniques are described for both in vitro systems and in vivo models, including mice, C. elegans, and Drosophila. The authors also provide guidance on interpreting and presenting the results of cell death experiments, as well as advice on complementary procedures that may be required to confirm the results of a given experiment. This indispensable laboratory resource will enable all cell and developmental biologists, from the graduate level upward, to confidently carry out and comprehend a wide array of cell viability assays. Ricky Johnstone, PhD Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Related Products Cell Death Techniques: A Laboratory Manual Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/celldeathtech.htm Title Cell Death: Apoptosis and Other Means to an End, Second Edition Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/celldeath2.htm A million cells in our bodies die every secondthey commit suicide by activating a process called apoptosis or other forms of programmed cell death. These mechanisms are essential for survival of the body as a whole and play critical roles in various developmental processes, the immune system, and cancer. In this second edition of Douglas Greenâ€™s essential book on cell death, Green retains the bottom-up approach of the first edition, starting with the enzymes that carry out the execution (caspases) and their cellular targets before examining the machinery that connects them to signals that cause cell death. He also describes the roles of cell death in development, neuronal selection, and the development of self-tolerance in the immune system, as well as how the body uses cell death to defend against cancer. The new edition is fully updated to cover the many recent advances in our understanding of the death machinery and signals that control cell death. These include the mechanisms regulating necroptosis, mitophagy, and newly identified processes, such as ferroptosis. The book will thus be of great interest to researchers actively working in the field, as well as biologists and undergraduates encountering the topic for the first time. Douglas R. Green St. Jude Childrenâ€™s Research Hospital 278 pages, illustrated (170 color and 50 B&W), index Related Products Cell Death: Apoptosis and Other Means to an End, Second Edition Title Cell Growth: Control of Cell Size Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/cellgrow.htm Recent breakthroughs in the field of cell growth, particularly in the control of cell size, are reviewed by experts in the three major divisions of the field: growth of individual cells, growth of organs, and regulation of cell growth in the contexts of development and cell division. This book is an introductory overview of the field and should be adaptable as a textbook. Michael N. Hall Biozentrum, University of Basel Title Cell Polarity Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/cellpolarity.htm Most animal cells are polarized, with structurally and functionally distinct regions. This polarization facilitates processes such as differentiation and morphogenesis, directional cell migration, nerve impulse transmission, and transport of molecules across tissues. The dysregulation of these processes can lead to developmental disorders and is a feature of many cancers. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology reviews our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in establishing and maintaining cell polarity, as well as their relevance for human disorders. Contributors discuss how cells coordinate signaling pathways, membrane trafficking, and cytoskeletal remodeling to ensure proper spatial arrangement of cellular components. Processes such as transcytosis, exocyst-mediated vesicle trafficking, and endosomal sorting are covered in detail. Throughout, the focus is on epithelial cells and how polarity mechanisms facilitate the development of their apical and basolateral surfaces, tube formation (e.g., in blood vessel development), exchange of waste and nutrients, and the generation and maintenance of specialized structures at the cell surface (e.g., cilia). The authors also describe the polarity mechanisms involved in collective cell migration, a phenomenon seen during morphogenesis and cancer metastasis. This volume will thus be essential reading for all cell and developmental biologists, as well as those interested in how cell polarity processes impact human health and disease. Keith E. Mostov University of California School of Medicine Title Cell Survival and Cell Death Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/cellsurdeath.htm Billions of cells die every day in the human body. This is required for normal development and physiology, as well as the elimination of errant cells. Apoptosis and other cell death mechanisms are complex and carefully controlled. If cell death does not occur when it should, cancer and other diseases may develop. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology covers all aspects of apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis. Contributors describe in detail the molecular mechanisms of cell death signaling, including death receptor-ligand systems, BCL-2 family proteins, mitochondrial permeabilization, the endocytic pathway, caspases, and signals that trigger the clearance of dying cells. Survival mechanisms and proteins such as IAPs that antagonize cell death are also described. This volume includes discussion of tumor suppression, the altered metabolism of cancer cells, and the development of therapeutic drugs. It is an essential reference for cell and developmental biologists, cancer biologists, and all who want to understand when and how cell death is required for life. Eric H. Baehrecke University of Massachusetts Title Cell Survival and Cell Death, Second Edition Cell death plays a critical role in development, normal physiology, and many diseases, including cancer. This new edition on the subject provides a state-of-the-art summary of our understanding of the signaling mechanisms that regulate cell survival and cell death, along with the molecular mechanisms underlying the various different death processes seen in cells. Kim Newton Genentech Publication Date November 2019/2019 Title Cell-Cell Junctions, Second Edition Neighboring cells are linked to each other by multimolecular complexes such as adherens junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions. These complexes help maintain tissue integrity, act as barriers to permeability, reinforce cell polarity, and allow cells to communicate with each other. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology reviews our understanding of the organization, regulation, and dynamics of cell–cell junctions and the roles they play in morphogenesis, tissue homeostasis, and disease. The contributors examine the assembly and structure of different cell–cell adhesion systems, the plasticity of cell–cell junctions (e.g., during cell migration), and how the junctions act as hubs to sense and transduce various mechanical and chemical signals. The authors also discuss the roles of cell–cell junctions in specific developmental and physiological processes, such as hearing, skeletal myogenesis, and neural circuit assembly, as well as in diseases such as cancer. This volume is therefore an indispensable reference for cell and developmental biologists, as well as anyone interested in understanding the roles of these complexes in human health and disease. Carien M. Niessen University of Cologne Title Chromatin Deregulation in Cancer Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/cancerchromatin.htm The human genome is packaged into chromatin, which is composed of numerous proteins that help control gene expression, DNA replication and repair, and genome stability. In recent years, it has become clear that the deregulation of chromatin structure plays an important role in numerous cancers. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine examines the chromatin components that are commonly mutated, what is understood about the mechanisms that lead to hematological malignancies and solid tumors, and prospects for the therapeutic modulation of chromatin. The contributors describe how histone proteins, histone-modifying enzymes, chromatin remodelers, transcriptional regulatory complexes, enhancer-associated factors, and signaling proteins are dysregulated in cancer pathogenesis. In addition, the roles of DNA methylation and noncoding RNAs are covered. The authors also discuss small molecules and other drugs that are currently under development or already used to treat cancer (e.g., HDAC inhibitors and DNA hypomethylating agents). This book is therefore essential reading for all cancer biologists, cell and molecular biologists, and pharmacologists interested in understanding cancer therapies. Chris Vakoc Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Title Chromosome Segregation and Structure The 82nd Cold Spring Harbor Symposium focused on Chromosome Segregation & Structure and addressed the enormous progress in our understanding of the nature and behavior of chromosomes during the life cycle of the cell. It is rare to find such a wide-ranging perspective on this topic in one volume and this collection of papers will be valuable to investigators interested in many aspects of cell biology, genetics, and cancer. The topics covered at the meeting included Meiosis; Mitosis; Chromosome Segregation; Centrosomes and Centrioles; Ploidy, Chromosome Segregation Errors, and Disease; Asymmetric Cell Division; Nuclear Architecture; Chromosome Structure and Condensation; Sister Chromatid Cohesion; Genome Stability; and Germ Cells. Numerous speakers participated in interviews during the course of the Symposium week and transcripts of those discussions and the Dorcas Cummings lecture by David Page are included. Title Cilia Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/CiliaFlagella.htm Nearly every cell in the human body has one or more protrusive structures called cilia or flagella. These power cell movement and fluid flow, sense the extracellular environment, coordinate cell signaling, and establish left-right asymmetry during development. Mutations in genes that encode cilia can lead to disorders known as ciliopathies. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology examines key aspects of ciliary biologyfrom the molecular to the organismal levelin normal physiology and disease. The contributors dissect the complex structures of motile and nonmotile (primary) cilia, discuss how the intraflagellar transport machinery moves cargo across the central axoneme, and review how the ciliary gate controls the composition of cilia and flagella. The roles of cilia in coordinating cellular responses to environmental stimuli via cell signaling pathways (e.g., Hedgehog) are also covered, as are physiological functions in processes such as fertilization, mucociliary clearance, and vision. The authors also survey the wide spectrum of ciliopathies, describing their genetic bases, pathogenic mechanisms, and clinical manifestations. This volume is therefore an indispensable reference for all cell and developmental biologists, as well as medical geneticists and clinical scientists wishing to understand and treat disorders involving ciliary dysfunction. Wallace Marshall Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco Title Circadian Rhythms Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/circar.htm Our daily routines and physiological functions&#151and those of virtually all living organisms&#151are synchronized with the Earth's rotation about its axis. These include sleep patterns, hormone secretion, blood pressure, body temperature, and feeding behavior. Oscillations in these processes, or circadian rhythms, are controlled by molecular feedback loops that integrate with environmental and metabolic stimuli. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology examines the molecular and cellular details of the oscillatory machinery and how they control aspects of our physiology. Contributors discuss the cell-autonomous generation of circadian time and how those mechanisms interact with circuit-level mechanisms in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Links between circadian and redox systems, as well as the relationship between circadian oscillations and pathogenic infections, are also covered. In addition, the authors examine circadian rhythms in other species (e.g., plants and Drosophila) and how they enable the organisms to adapt to their environments. This volume will therefore serve as a valuable reference for not only neurobiologists and cell and molecular biologists, but all who wish to understand the clocks and rhythms of life. Paolo Sassone-Corsi University of California, Irvine Title Clocks and Rhythms Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/clocks.htm Based on presentations by world-renowned investigators at the 72nd annual Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology, this volume reviews the latest advances in biological clocks and rhythms. Topics include genetic and cellular studies aimed at characterizing circadian mechanisms; systems approaches to understanding physiological, endocrine, and neural networks; and models used for studying mental and physical cycles. A variety of normal and abnormal chronobiological patterns are discussed, including sleep, aging, migration, hibernation, seasonality, depression, and arrhythmias. Related Products Clocks and Rhythms Title Cognition Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/cognitionhc.htm The Proceedings of the 79th Symposium capture many of the tremendous discoveries currently being made by neuroscientists and psychologists working on cognitive processes at scales varying from the molecular to circuit to whole-brain and theoretical studies. Major advances in understanding cognitive function, including learning, memory, language, and decision-making, are being made through the application of powerful new techniques and approaches. The scientific results discussed in this volume shed light on many areas of normal brain function but also offer novel insights into the treatment of psychiatric, neurological, and neurodegenerative diseases. This volume includes state-of-the-art neurobiological research at genetic, molecular, cellular, circuit, and whole brain resolution. Additional chapters address computational neuroscience, behavioral and psychophysical studies, and evolutionary/comparative neuroscience. The Conversations included in this volume are based on interviews conducted during the Symposium and offer a broader anecdotal perspective on this fascinating subject by many of the world's leading cognitive neuroscientists. The Symposium Proceedings provides an integrative overview of the current state of the field as well as a glimpse into the emerging connections between molecular/cellular/circuit mechanisms and higher brain function by leading authorities in the field. Cori Bargmann The Rockefeller University 308 pages, illustrated (111 color, 116 B&W), index Related Products Cognition Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/cognition.htm Title Cold Spring Harbor Monograph Archive Price $3000 The Cold Spring Harbor Monograph Archive is the complete collection of scholarly monographs published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press from 1970 to 2009. The archive's 59 full-text volumes provide the life science community with definitive reviews of progress in areas of molecular, cell, and developmental biology, genetics, evolutionary biology, neuroscience, cancer biology, and molecular pathology. Each text is written and commissioned by foremost researchers in their particular discipline. The archive is an unmatched resource for its breadth of coverage in key topics and provides an in-depth account of developments as they occurred in numerous fields Publication Date October/2009 Title Concerning the Origin of Malignant Tumours Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/cnorgtmr.htm An English translation of Boveri's famous monograph which was first published in Germany in 1914. Written almost a hundred years ago, Theodor Boveri's Zur Frage der Entstehung maligner Tumoren has had a momentous impact on cancer research. In it he argues that malignancy arises as a consequence of chromosomal abnormalities and that multiplication is an inherent property of cells. With astonishing prescience, Boveri predicts in this monograph the existence of tumor suppressor mechanisms and is perhaps the first to suggest that hereditary factors (genes) are linearly arranged along chromosomes. This new translation by Sir Henry Harris, Regius Professor of Medicine Emeritus at Oxford University and former Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Cell Science, includes extensive annotations in which he discusses the relevance of Boveri's views today. It is essential reading for all cancer researchers, as well as those interested in the history of cytogenetics and cell biology. Theodor Boveri 82 pp. Related Products The Cells of the Body: A History of Somatic Cell Genetics Title Connecting with Companies: A Guide to Consulting Agreements for Biomedical Scientists Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/ConnectwComp.htm An essential guide for academic scientists and physicians who are considering consulting work in biomedicine Before signing a consulting agreement, this must-have reference will help you understand the key issues to consider—from intellectual property, confidentiality, and compensation, to often overlooked issues such as indemnity, different classes of stock, and the relevance of insider trading and securities laws.  Read Connecting with Companies and you will: Gain invaluable, first-hand advice from the authors: a leading attorney and a Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine, both with extensive experience reviewing and negotiating consulting agreements Receive guidance for academics, lawyers, accountants, auditors, venture capitalists, and technology transfer departments of universities, hospitals, and research organizations Understand crucial start-up issues such as 83b tax election and participating preferred stock For more information visit Bioagreements.org Connecting with Companies is an invaluable resource for students, staff, and faculty. To assist you with ordering multiple copies for your institution, weve set up the following discount options: Edward Klees, J.D. General Counsel at the University of Virginia Investment Management Company 156 pp., glossary, index Title Conscience and Courage: How Visionary CEO Henri Termeer Built a Biotech Giant and Pioneered the Rare Disease Industry Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/conscienceandcourage.htm Henri Termeer was one of the first of a pioneering group of business executives who built a disparate group of fledgling companies into a biotech industry that has driven decades of therapeutic innovation. During a 28-year career at Genzyme, including 26 years as CEO, he created a process of drug development that for the first time was patient-centered. He also helped forge biotech's public policy agenda and inspired a generation of entrepreneurs to take on large and important challenges. An extraordinary number of today's biotech leaders were directly mentored by Termeer. His own leadership was iconoclastic: He broke rules and took risks, setting ambitious goals and finding novel ways to reach them. In doing so he transformed an industry and brought hope to patients with a range of diseases previously deemed too rare to justify the investment needed to support the development of specific therapies. In Conscience and Courage, John Hawkins, an insightful analyst of healthcare leaders, reveals the philosophy, principles, methods, and habits of a prominent and successful CEO who defied convention to create an investor-owned global enterprise that put people before profits and improved the lives of thousands of forgotten patients. Advanced praise: “Without Henri Termeer, patients with rare diseases would have no hope for new medicines. This authoritative book brings home the highs and the lows of Henri's crusade for rare disease patients and families everywhere. For anyone who really wants to know what â€˜patient-centric' means, this one's a must-read.” —John Maraganore, CEO, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals “Henri Termeer, through his relentless commitment to patients, created a winning global company and unleashed the era of transformative medicines for rare disease. His astonishing business acumen is only surpassed by his humanity-care for individual patients, his colleagues, his family, and his friends. John Hawkins masterfully captures the incredible business story as well as the amazing essence of the man.” —Deborah Dunsire, MD, President & CEO, H. Lundbeck A/S “Henri Termeer led a remarkable life. By pioneering the treatment of rare diseases, he transformed the lives of many forgotten patients and families. John Hawkins' account captures this passion and purpose beautifully.” —Robbie Huffines, Global Chairman, Investment Banking, JP Morgan & Co. “Henri Termeer was a pioneer of the biotechnology industry, combining an astute business mind with a deep passion and empathy for patients and their families. He shaped, almost out of whole cloth, a company that would shine a light on the path to better medicines to an historically underrepresented group of patients and, in so doing, built Genzyme into a formidable enterprise. John Hawkins tells this story with insight, wit, and warmth, painting an indelible portrait of a remarkable man.” —Vicki L. Sato, PhD, Chairman, Denali Therapeutics “Henri Termeer was among the most talented entrepreneurs I have encountered in my career. His drive, determination, and especially his strategic vision profoundly impacted not only Genzyme, but also the evolution of the biotechnology industry and the development of innovative, new drugs for rare disease patients worldwide. Henri was also a true business statesman in both Boston and the Region who contributed to the prosperity Massachusetts has achieved. John Hawkins’ book captures the richness, depth and complexity of Henri’s life story and his many contributions. His deep research and colorful writing make this a great read.” —Professor Michael Porter, University Professor, Harvard Business School Publication Date October 2019/2019 222 pages, 32-page photo insert, illustrated (63 B&W), index Title Control and Regulation of Stem Cells Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/conregstem.htm Based on presentations by world-renowned investigators at the 73rd annual Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology, this volume reviews the latest advances in research on the control and regulation of stem cells. The topics covered include nuclear reprogramming, regulation of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, the stem cell niche, and signaling and gene regulation in stem cells. Studies of embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells are covered, along with research shedding light on the roles of these cells in regeneration and cancer. Related Products Control and Regulation of Stem Cells Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/conregstemp.htm Title Correcting the Blueprint of Life: An Historical Account of the Discovery of DNA Repair Mechanisms Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/corblu.htm In this brief, readable, and revealing book, one of the pioneers of the now rapidly evolving field of DNA repair traces the history of the discovery of the more important mechanisms by which cells respond to DNA damage. Errol Friedberg has written an enjoyable and informative introduction to the study of DNA mutagenesis and re-pair that will interest students at an advanced undergraduate or graduate student level as well as investigators in fields as diverse as oncogenesis, cell cycle regulation, transcription and DNA replication. Errol C. Friedberg The University of Texas Southwestern Publication Date June 1997/1997 Title CRISPR-Cas: A Laboratory Manual Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/CRISPR-Casp.htm The development of CRISPR-Cas technology is revolutionizing biology. Based on machinery bacteria use to target foreign nucleic acids, these powerful techniques allow investigators to edit nucleic acids and modulate gene expression more rapidly and accurately than ever before. Featuring contributions from leading figures in the CRISPR-Cas field, this laboratory manual presents a state-of-the-art guide to the technology. It includes step-by-step protocols for applying CRISPR-Cas-based techniques in various systems, including yeast, zebrafish, Drosophila, mice, and cultured cells (e.g., human pluripotent stem cells). The contributors cover web-based tools and approaches for designing guide RNAs that precisely target genes of interest, methods for preparing and delivering CRISPR-Cas reagents into cells, and ways to screen for cells that harbor the desired genetic changes. Strategies for optimizing CRISPR-Cas in each system—especially for minimizing off-target effects—are also provided. Authors also describe other applications of the CRISPR-Cas system, including its use for regulating genome activation and repression, and discuss the development of next-generation CRISPR-Cas tools. The book is thus an essential laboratory resource for all cell, molecular, and developmental biologists, as well as biochemists, geneticists, and all who seek to expand their biotechnology toolkits. Jennifer Doudna University of California, Berkeley Related Products CRISPR-Cas: A Laboratory Manual DNA Recombination Introduction to Protein-DNA Interactions: Structure, Thermodynamics, and Bioinformatics Microbial Evolution Quickstart Molecular Biology: An Introduction for Mathematicians, Physicists, and Computational Scientists RNA: Life's Indispensable Molecule RNA Worlds: From Life's Origins to Diversity in Gene Regulation Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/CRISPR-Cas.htm Related Products Decoding the Language of Genetics Title CSH Symposia Online Archive Price $3000.00 The double helix, the genetic code, jumping genes, the PCR technique, the human genome project, RNA interference ... These and hundreds of other important advances in biology were announced, debated, and distilled at the Cold Spring Harbor Symposia. These meetings, held each year on tranquil grounds of one of the world's leading research institutes, have been notable events in biomedical research since 1933. Now this essential archive, dating from 1933 to 2003, is going online. Learn more about the CSH Symposia Online Archive by visiting the Symposia website. Publication Date October /2008 Title Cystic Fibrosis: A Trilogy of Biochemistry, Physiology, and Therapy Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/cysticfibrosis.htm Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, which encodes an ion channel protein that regulates anion movement across the epithelial membranes of the lungs, pancreas, and other organs. In cystic fibrosis patients, anion transport is impeded, causing sticky, viscous mucus to build up and clog these vital organs. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine provides an in-depth examination of cystic fibrosis biology and treatment strategies. Contributors examine the structure and dynamics of CFTR, its normal physiological roles in the airway and digestive epithelia, and how those operations are impaired in patients with cystic fibrosis. The numerous CFTR mutations and how they alter the expression, synthesis, processing, and function of CFTR in cystic fibrosis and other CFTR-related disorders are considered, as are disease-modifying genes that influence disease severity. This volume includes discussions of therapy and treatment strategies for cystic fibrosis, ranging from airway clearance techniques and pancreatic enzyme replacements to the modulation of CFTR and related ion transport pathways. It will be an essential reference for molecular and cellular biologists, physiologists, and clinicians interested in understanding the biological basis of the disease and the search for effective therapies. John R. Riordan The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 340 pp., illus. (40 4C; 15 B&W), index Title Cytokines: From Basic Mechanisms of Cellular Control to New Therapeutics Warren J. Leonard Bethesda MD Title The Cytoskeleton Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/cytoskeleton.htm The cytoskeleton is the intracellular filament system that controls the morphology of a cell, allows it to move, and provides trafficking routes for intracellular transport. It comprises three major filament systems-actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments-along with a host of adaptors, regulators, molecular motors, and additional structural proteins. This textbook presents a comprehensive and up-to-date view of the cytoskeleton, cataloguing its many different components and explaining how they are functionally integrated in different cellular processes. It starts by laying out the basic molecular hardware, before describing in detail how these components are assembled in cells and linked to neighboring cells and the extracellular matrix to maintain tissue architecture. It then surveys the roles of the cytoskeleton in processes such as intracellular transport, cell motility, signal transduction, and cell division. The book is thus essential reading for students learning about intracellular structure. It also represents a vital reference for all cell and developmental biologists working in this field. Thomas D. Pollard Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University Title Davenport's Dream: 21st Century Reflections on Heredity & Eugenics Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/reread.htm In 1911, the influential geneticist Charles Davenport published Heredity in Relation to Eugenics, advancing his ideas of how genetics would improve society in the 20th century. It became a college textbook and a foundation for the widespread eugenics movement in the United States. Nearly 100 years later, many of the issues raised by Davenport are again being debated, in different guises. In this new volume, prominent academics discuss themes from Davenport's bookhuman genetic variation, mental illness, nature vs. nurture, human evolutionin a contemporary context. Davenport's original book is reprinted along with the essays. This book will be useful to historians of science as well as those interested in the social implications of human genetics researchpast, present, and future. Jan A. Witkowski Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 490 pp., illus. Title The Dawn of Human Genetics Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/dawnhumgen.htm In Russia, the initial euphoria of the Bolshevik leaders for a new socialist society ... combined with a commitment to a truly universal health care system, gave a huge boost to the emergence of both the eugenic and medical aspects of human genetics. The obstacles that proved so formidable to the successful launch of the field in the Westthe lack of available data on the genealogy of diseases in families, the difficulty in getting a statistically significant number of identical twins to study, and the skepticism of the medical establishmentwere all swept aside in the Soviet Union. In the 1920s ... the groundwork was laid for a uniquely Russian approach to medical genetics and (the foundation of) the worlds leading center for the study of the genetic basis of many diseases and human genetics in general. The immense success of the movement, which is little known even to Russians, is brought to life in V.V. Babkovs The Dawn of Human Genetics, as is its dramatic and violent end, which resulted in the liquidation of many of the countrys finest biologists, as well as a major setback to the development of world science. Like many other promising ideas and projects that were born in the Soviet Union, this one was abruptly truncated and then virtually eradicated. V.V. Babkov James Schwartz 775 pp., illus. (91 B&W ), index Title Decoding the Language of Genetics Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/languagegenetics.htm In this book, the distinguished geneticist David Botstein offers help and advice to scientists and physicians daunted by the arcane technical terms that flourish in his discipline. The science of gene function has a vocabulary of specialized, sometimes confusing terms to explain how traits and diseases are inherited, how genes are organized and regulated in the genome, and how the genetic code is read and translated by cells. These terms are often a barrier to full understanding of the underlying concepts. Yet, as more and more individuals learn about their genomes, the information these sequences contain cannot be understood or explained without reference to the basic ideas of genetics. Botstein draws on his long experience as a teacher and pioneering scientist to explain and illuminate what many genetic terms mean and how they entered common usage. David Botstein Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics Title The Development of Drosophila melanogaster Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/devdrosp.htm The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster offers the most powerful means of studying embryonic development in eukaryotes. New information from many different organ systems has accumulated rapidly in the past decade. This monograph, written by the most distinguished workers in the field, is the most authoritative and comprehensive synthesis of Drosophila developmental biology available and emphasizes the insights gained by molecular and genetic analysis. In two volumes, it is a lavishly illustrated, elegantly designed reference work illustrating principles of genetic regulation of embryogenesis that may apply to other eukaryotes. Michael Bate University of Cambridge 1,564 pp. (2-volume set), illus., indexes Title The Development of Human Gene Therapy Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/genthrpy.htm The idea of human gene therapy was accepted by the medical community and society at large long before believable clinical benefits began to emerge. In this book, some of the field's most distinguished contributors chronicle the evolution of this momentous direction for medicine, illustrating how imaginative concepts shaped the development of technologies and brought the daring new idea to its current position of imminent practical success. This is a book designed to endure as clinical advances accumulate, a clear-eyed work of reference that will anchor the further development of this revolution in therapy. It is an essential addition to libraries of clinical medicine, biotechnology, and public policy, and a resource that no laboratory investigator with an interest in the biology of gene transfer should be without. Theodore Friedmann University of California, San Diego 729 pp., illus., color plates, index Related Products Gene Transfer: Delivery and Expression of DNA and RNA, A Laboratory Manual Title The Digital Cell: Cell Biology as a Data Science Cell and molecular biology are becoming increasingly data driven. Technological advances and increased computing power mean that researchers now increasingly quantify experimental results, rather than simply report qualitative, representative observations. The Digital Cell provides a comprehensive guide for scientists seeking to make this transition. It describes how data should be generated and processed, discussing research workflows, pipelines, and storage solutions. A key focus of the book is imaging—image types and formats are explained, as is software for image processing and analysis, along with techniques such as segmentation analysis and automated particle tracking. The book examines the wide variety of statistical approaches that can be used for data analysis, emphasizing concepts such as significance and reproducibility. It also includes an introduction to coding, including examples of how to write and use R scripts to analyze results. In addition, there is useful advice on how to plot and present data to convey results most effectively. The Digital Cell is thus an essential resource for all cell and molecular biologists—from students embarking on research for the first time to experienced scientists who need to acquire, process, and present their data accurately and efficiently. Stephen J. Royle University of Warwick Medical Center Title Discovering the Double Helix Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/dblhelix.htm The structure of DNA proposed by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953 was one of the most important scientific discoveries of the twentieth century, transforming biology, giving medicine new impetus, and providing a foundation for the new industry of biotechnology. Jim Watson's best-selling memoir of the events leading to this discovery, The Double Helix, has enthralled millions of readers since its publication in 1968. In this videotaped lecture, recorded live at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in November 1999, Dr. Watson retraces those events in a very personal reminiscence of the period and the people involved. This is an account of one of the great dramas of science, told from the intimate perspective of a participant who, aged 25 at the time of the discovery, has become one of the intellectual leaders of our time. James D. Watson was Director of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, from 1968 to 1993 and is now its President. He was the first Director of the National Center for Human Genome Research of the National Institutes of Health from 1989 to 1992. Dr. Watson is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and Royal Society and has received many awards and honors, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the National Medal of Science. In addition to The Double Helix, his books include Molecular Biology of the Gene, Molecular Biology of the Cell, Recombinant DNA, and A Passion for DNA. 60-minute video Related Products Discovering the Double Helix A Passion for DNA: Genes, Genomes, and Society Winding Your Way Through DNA Houses for Science: A Pictorial History of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Stories from the Scientists Title DNA Interactive DVD Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/dnadvd.htm DNA has come a long way. James D. Watson, Nobel Laureate DNA Interactive (DNAi) is a multimedia resource for high school and introductory college biology that shows how we came to understand the language of DNA, how we bend it to our own service, and what it can tell us about who we are. The DNAi productsan award winning website (http://www.dnai.org) and the DVDare the result of a twoyear collaboration between scientists, educators, and filmmakers on three continents. It includes more than 200 video clips and animations; video interviews with 11 Nobel Laureates and more than 50 other scientists, clinicians, and patients; and spectacular 3D animations that illustrate intracellular processes and explore aspects of DNA science. Dolan DNA Learning Center, CSHL in collaboration with Red Green & Blue Company Ltd. Film footage by Windfall Films Ltd. Publication Date /2003 DVD disc (NTSC versionunencoded), 4 hours (approx.) of viewing Title DNA Recombination Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/dnarecomb.htm Homologous recombination involves the precise exchange of similar or identical nucleic acid sequences between two DNA molecules. This process directs the repair of many DNA lesions in somatic cells and generates genetic variation in sperm and egg cells during meiosis. It is a nearly universal biological process that is conserved from phage to humans. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology covers all aspects of recombinational DNA repair, meiotic recombination, and the regulation of these processes. The contributors examine the dozens of proteins that are involved in recombinational repair and the various pathways in which they are employed (e.g., gene conversion or break-induced replication). They also discuss how these proteins and pathways are strictly regulated to avoid genomic instability, which can lead to diseases such as cancer, and how they are coordinated with other nuclear processes (e.g., transcription and DNA replication). Meiotic recombination, the characteristics that distinguish it from recombinational repair, and effects of its dysregulation (e.g., aneuploidy) are also covered in depth. This volume is an indispensable reference for biochemists, molecular biologists, and cell biologists who want to understand how DNA recombination maintains genomic integrity in individual organisms and across generations. Stephen Kowalczykowski, PhD University of California, Davis Title DNA Replication Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/dnareplication.htm DNA replication is essential for the propagation of life on Earth. Cells in living organisms must be able to synthesize a complete copy of their DNA with extraordinary precision, so that they can pass this genetic material on to their descendants. DNA replication involves the coordinated interplay and regulation of many complex protein assemblies during the various stages of cell division. When these processes go awry, cancer and other diseases can ensue. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology covers all aspects of DNA replication and its control across all domains of life. The contributors examine the molecular machinery involved in the assembly of replication origin complexes, the establishment of replication forks, unzipping of the double helix, priming of DNA synthesis, and elongation of daughter strands. Chromatin organization and dynamics, lagging-strand maturation, telomere replication, and mechanisms to handle errors and damage in DNA are also discussed. Including examination of the complex interactions between the core replication machinery and the regulatory circuits that drive cell cycle progression, this volume is an indispensable reference for not only biochemists and molecular biologists, but also cell biologists and all who want to understand this fundamental process of life. Stephen D. Bell Indiana University, Bloomington 576 pp., illus. (88 4C, 33 B&W), appendices, index Title DNA Replication and Human Disease Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/dnarep2.htm At least 5 trillion cell divisions are required for a fertilized egg to develop into an adult human, resulting in the production of more than 20 trillion meters of DNA! And yet, with only two exceptions, the genome is replicated once and only once each time a cell divides. How is this feat accomplished? What happens when errors occur? This book addresses these questions by presenting a thorough analysis of the molecular events that govern DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. The association between genome replication and cell proliferation, disease pathogenesis, and the development of targeted therapeutics is also addressed. At least 160 proteins are involved in replicating the human genome, and at least 40 diseases are caused by aberrant DNA replication, 35 by mutations in genes required for DNA replication or repair, 7 by mutations generated during mitochondrial DNA replication, and more than 40 by DNA viruses. Consequently, a growing number of therapeutic drugs are targeted to DNA replication proteins. This authoritative volume provides a rich source of information for researchers, physicians, and teachers, and will stimulate thinking about the relevance of DNA replication to human disease. Melvin L. DePamphilis National Institutes of Health Related Products DNA Replication in Eukaryotic Cells Title DNA Science: A First Course, Second Edition Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/dnasci2p.htm This is the second edition of a highly successful textbook (over 50,000 copies sold) in which a highly illustrated, narrative text is combined with easytouse thoroughly reliable laboratory protocols. It contains a fully uptodate collection of 12 rigorously tested and reliable lab experiments in molecular biology, developed at the internationally renowned Dolan DNA Learning Center of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, which culminate in the construction and cloning of a recombinant DNA molecule. Proven through more than 10 years of teaching at research and nonresearch colleges and universities, junior colleges, community colleges, and advanced biology programs in high school, this book has been successfully integrated into introductory biology, general biology, genetics, microbiology, cell biology, molecular genetics, and molecular biology courses. The first eight chapters have been completely revised, extensively rewritten, and updated. The new coverage extends to the completion of the draft sequence of the human genome and the enormous impact these and other sequence data are having on medicine, research, and our view of human evolution. All sections on the concepts and techniques of molecular biology have been updated to reflect the current state of laboratory research. The laboratory experiments cover basic techniques of gene isolation and analysis, honed by over 10 years of classroom use to be thoroughly reliable, even in the hands of teachers and students with no prior experience. Extensive prelab notes at the beginning of each experiment explain how to schedule and prepare, while flow charts and icons make the protocols easy to follow. As in the first edition of this book, the laboratory course is completely supported by qualityassured products from the Carolina Biological Supply Company, from bulk reagents, to useable reagent systems, to singleuse kits, thus satisfying a broad range of teaching applications. David A. Micklos Dolan DNA Learning Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Related Products Genome Science: A Practical and Conceptual Introduction to Molecular Genetic Analysis in Eukaryotes DNA Science: A First Course, Second Edition Title Double Talking Helix Blues Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/dbltalk.htm "...the point of this story, I'll tell you right now. Did you ever sit down and think about how It is that each time a baby's born It's a baby -- not a rabbit or an ear of corn?" The answer is in DNA -- the stuff that genes are made of. Twin brothers Joel and Ira Herskowitz, physician and scientist, respectively, have come up with a new way to explain to children (ages 8+) how it is that when a person's genetic message is "copied," the result is another human being -- not a rabbit or an ear of corn. Based on a song written by Joel Herskowitz while he was in medical school, the "Double Talking Helix Blues" is a book and audio presentation on the structure and function of DNA. The book includes the text for Joel's song, which is illustrated with spectacular paintings by Judy Cuddihy to provide an important visual component to the overall "lesson" on DNA. This is followed by a guide written by Ira Herskowitz to explain the scientific terms and concepts in the song; this section describes in clear terms what, for example, a chromosome, nucleus, and molecule are. Accompanying the book is an audio performances of the song by Joel and Ira. Click here to listen, or right-click to download the MP3 file now! All in all, the "Double Talking Helix Blues" provides young readers with a wonderful introduction to concepts of cells and molecules, reproduction at the molecular level, and DNA and its structure. The target age group for this presentation is ages 8 and up, as well as teachers, scientists, and all those interested in molecular biology at its most basic level. Joel Herskowitz New England Medical Center Hospitals, Boston Judy Cuddihy Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Publication Date January 1994/1994 32 fully illustrated 4-color pages Title Drosophila Neurobiology: A Laboratory Manual Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/drosneuro.htm Cold Spring Harbor Laboratorys long-running Neurobiology of Drosophila course has trained a generation of neuroscientists, many of whom have become leaders in the field. Drosophila Neurobiology: A Laboratory Manual offers the detailed protocols and background material developed by the course instructors to all researchers interested in using Drosophila as an experimental model for investigating the nervous system. The manual covers three approaches to the field: Studying Neural Development in Drosophila melanogaster, Recording and Imaging in the Drosophila Nervous System, and Studying Behavior in Drosophila. Techniques described include molecular, genetic, electrophysiological, imaging, behavioral and developmental methods. Written by leading experts from the community, Drosophila Neurobiology: A Laboratory Manual is an essential guide for researchers at all levels, from the beginning graduate student through the established primary investigator. Bing Zhang University of Oklahoma 534 pp., illus. (70 color, 43 b/w), appendix, index Related Products Drosophila Neurobiology: A Laboratory Manual Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/drosneurop.htm Title Drosophila Protocols Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/drosprotp.htm This exceptional laboratory manual describes thirty-seven procedures most likely to be used in the next decade for molecular, biochemical, and cellular studies on Drosophila. They were selected after extensive consultation with the research community and rigorously edited for clarity, uniformity, and conciseness. The outstanding features of this protocol collection are: Scope: The methods included permit investigation of chromosomes, cell biology, molecular biology, genomes, biochemistry, and development. Depth: Each protocol includes the basic information needed by novices, with sufficient detail to be valuable to experienced investigators. Format: Each method is carefully introduced and illustrated with figures, tables, illustrations, and examples of the data obtainable. Added value: The book's appendices include key aspects of Drosophila biology, essential solutions, buffers, and recipes. An evolution of Michael Ashburner's 1989 classic Drosophila: A Laboratory Manual, this book is an essential addition to the personal library of Drosophila investigators and an incomparable resource for other research groups with goals likely to require fly-based technical approaches. William Sullivan University of California, Santa Cruz Publication Date March 2000/2000 Title The Dynamic Genome: Barbara McClintock's Ideas in the Century of Genetics Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/dyngenp.htm Barbara McClintock was born in 1902, within a few years of the rediscovery of Mendel's laws. Her life, discoveries, and insights span the history of genetics in this century. In the 1920s, she became a dominant figure in the group that flourished at Cornell University under R.A. Emerson and made remarkable technical and conceptual advances in maize cytogenetics. These studies continued at the California Institute of Technology, in Freiburg, Germany, and at the University of Missouri. In 1942, she joined the staff of the Carnegie Institution of Washington at Cold Spring Harbor, New York, where she became a Distinguished Service Member. McClintock's unique ability to discern relationships between the behavior of chromosomes and the properties of the whole organism earned her early recognition. She was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1944 and to the presidency of the Genetics Society of America in 1945. Had she done no more, McClintock would have become a major figure in the history of genetics. But at Cold Spring Harbor, she began the studies of the consequence of dicentric chromosome formation and breakage that led her to the discovery of genetic elements capable of moving within the genome and controlling expression of other genes. Although McClintock was universally respected and admired, the first reaction to these findings was often uncomprehending or indifferent, even dismissive. In due course, however, the generality of mobile genetic elements and the concept of a dynamic genome were understood and widely accepted, culminating in the award to McClintock of an unshared Nobel Prize in 1983. As Barbara's 90th birthday approached, some of her many friends and colleagues were invited to write essays for the occasion. This book contains a kaleidoscope of contributions, many by those who discovered transposition in other organisms. Their essays give a remarkable account of the scientific legacy of one of the century's greatest geneticists. Nina Fedoroff Carnegie Institution of Washington 422 pp., illus, indexes This book has been produced using print on demand technology. Title The Early Days of Yeast Genetics Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/earlydayp.htm Yeast genetics began with Winge's 1935 studies of S. cerevisiae in Copenhagen, and afterwards was pursued by Lindegren in the U.S. and Ephrussi in France. Genetic studies in S. pombe were pioneered by Leupold in the 1940s in Switzerland. Within four decades, not without controversies, both yeast species were recognized as essential models in eukaryotic molecular cell biology. In this remarkable volume, Hall and Linder have assembled the reminiscences of many early investigators whose pioneering studies in the years before 1975 brought yeast biology to its current maturity. These illustrated essays about the science, the events and the personalities involved capture a fascinating era, in the informal style made famous by Phage and the Origins of Molecular Biology. This is a book that all scientists interested in the development of modern genetics and molecular biology should have on their shelves. Michael N. Hall Biozentrum der Universität Basel Patrick Linder Biozentrum der Universität Basel Related Products The Early Days of Yeast Genetics Phage and the Origins of Molecular Biology, The Centennial Edition Title Early Development of Xenopus laevis: A Laboratory Manual Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/earlyxenp.htm Amphibian embryos are supremely valuable in studies of early vertebrate development because they are large, handle easily, and can be obtained at many interesting stages. And of all the amphibians available for study, the most valuable is Xenopus laevis, which is easy to keep and ovulates at any time of year in response to simple hormone injections. Xenopus embryos have been studied for years but this is a particularly exciting time for the field. Techniques have become available very recently that permit a previously impossible degree of manipulation of gene expression in intact embryos, as well as the ability to visualize the results of such manipulation. As a result, a sophisticated new understanding of Xenopus development has emerged, which ensures the species continued prominent position among the organisms favored for biological investigation. This manual contains a comprehensive collection of protocols for the study of early development in Xenopus embryos. It is written by several of the fields most prominent investigators in the light of the experience they gained as instructors in an intensive laboratory course taught at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory since 1991. As a result it contains pointers, hints, and other technical knowledge not readily available elsewhere. This volume is essential reading for all investigators interested in the developmental and cell biology of Xenopus and vertebrates generally. Many of the techniques described here are illustrated in an accompanying set of videotapes which are cross-referenced to the appropriate section of the manual. Hazel L. Sive Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research 338 pp., illus., color plate, appendices, index Related Products Early Development of Xenopus laevis: A Laboratory Manual Early Development of Xenopus laevis: A Laboratory Manual Manipulating the Early Embryo of Xenopus laevis: A Video Guide Title The Eighth Day of Creation: The Makers of the Revolution in Biology (Commemorative Edition) Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/eighthp.htm In this classic book, the distinguished science writer Horace Freeland Judson tells the story of the birth and early development of molecular biology in the US, the UK, and France. The fascinating story of the golden period from the revelation of the double helix of DNA to the cracking of the genetic code and first glimpses of gene regulation is told largely in the words of the main players, all of whom Judson interviewed extensively. The result is a book widely regarded as the best history of recent biological science yet published. This commemorative edition, honoring the memory of the author who died in 2011, contains essays by his daughter Olivia Judson, Matthew Meselson, and Mark Ptashne and an obituary by Jason Pontin. It contains all the content added to previous editions, including essays on some of the principal historical figures involved, such as Rosalind Franklin, and a sketch of the further development of molecular biology in the era of recombinant DNA. Horace Freeland Judson 720 pp., illus., index, appendix, notes Title Emerging Model Organisms: A Laboratory Manual, Volume 1 Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/emo.htm Until recently, a small number of model organisms has been the focus of most research in molecular, cellular, and developmental biology. But in the last few years, due in part to increased interest in questions of evolution, technical advances in selectively altering gene expression patterns, and the reduced costs of genome sequencing, the range of organisms used for research is greatly expanding. Emerging Model Organisms, Volume 1, introduces the reader to this new generation of model organisms, providing a diverse catalog of potential species useful for extending research in new directions. In this volume leading experts provide chapters on 23 emerging model systems, ranging from bat and butterfly to cave fish and choanoflagellates; cricket and finch to quail, snail, and tomato. Subsequent releases of the Emerging Model Organisms series, already in preparation, will focus on additional species. Material is also available in CSH Protocols: www.cshprotocols.org/emo Related Products Emerging Model Organisms: A Laboratory Manual, Volume 1 Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/emop.htm Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/emo2.htm This second volume of the groundbreaking Emerging Model Organisms series expands the collection of species presented in the first volume. Leading experts provide 18 new chapters on emerging model systems, ranging from honeybee, ant, and beetle to Ciona and amphioxus; squid and salamander to yam, Paramecium, and wallaby. Like the first volume, each chapter presents a new organism and provides a detailed explanation of why it is useful for laboratory research, along with information on husbandry, genetics and genomics, pointers toward further resources, and a set of basic laboratory protocols for working with that organism. Emerging Model Organisms serves as a practical guidebook for finding just the right organism to address specific research needs. Review of Volume 1: The first volume of Emerging Model Organisms illustrates the bewildering variety of natural histories and rapidly advancing techniques that have been developed to work with a wide spectrum of organisms. If Darwin were around now, he would have been the first to happily make use of this manualand would be impatiently awaiting the forthcoming tome, describing the emergence of honeybees, squids, ascidians, rabbits, ants...and many more. Nature Cell Biology 624 pp., illus. (102 b/w), appendices, index Emerging Model Organisms: A Laboratory Manual, Volume 1 Title Endocytosis Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/endocytosis.htm During endocytosis, extracellular molecules and plasma membrane components are selectively internalized by cells. This fundamental process of cellular ingestion is required for diverse activities such as nutrient uptake, cell adhesion and migration, signal transduction, cytokinesis, neurotransmission, and antigen presentation. Pathogens (e.g., HIV) exploit endocytic pathways to gain entry into cells, and defects in the endocytic machinery can lead to diseases such as cancer. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology covers all of the major pathways of endocytosis and postendocytic trafficking and how they regulate cellular and organismal physiology. Contributors describe how cargo enters the cell via clathrin-mediated and clathrin-independent pathways, including caveolar endocytosis, micropinocytosis, cholesterol-sensitive endocytosis, phagocytosis, and the CLIC/GEEC pathway. They review the numerous machineries (e.g., Rab GTPases, tethering factors, and retromer) that transport cargo through endosomes and deliver it to lysosomes or recycle it back to the cell surface, and the signals and mechanisms governing these sorting decisions. Topics such as lysosomal dynamics, the biophysical challenges of bending membranes, and the evolution of endocytic systems are also covered. This volume also includes substantial discussion of the roles of endocytic trafficking in organismal development, physiology, and disease. It is thus an indispensable reference for cell biologists, but also for neuroscientists, immunologists, developmental biologists, microbiologists, and others concerned with the physiological and therapeutic implications of this key cellular process. Sandra L. Schmid University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Title The Endoplasmic Reticulum Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/endoplasret.htm The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an extensive network of membranes that folds, modifies, and transports proteins in eukaryotic cells. It also manufactures lipids and interacts extensively with other organelles, playing essential roles in cell growth and homeostasis. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology covers all aspects of ER morphology and function, as well as its interactions with the nucleus, Golgi, and mitochondria. Contributors examine how proteins translocate across the ER membrane, the processes that occur inside the ER lumen (e.g., folding, glycosylation, and disulfide bond formation), and how the proteins are packaged into vesicles and transported to the Golgi. They also review quality-control mechanisms that are employed by the ER to detect and eliminate misfolded or unassembled proteins. Lipid synthesis and transport are also discussed. This volume covers not only the biochemistry and cell biology of the ER, but also ER stress, metabolism, and the role of the ER in viral replication. Thus, it is an essential reference for cell biologists, physiologists, and pathologists interested in understanding the numerous functions of the ER. Susan Ferro-Novick University of California, San Diego 336 pp., illus (61 4C, 9 B&W), index Title Engineering Plants for Agriculture Agriculture plays a vital role supporting human life on Earth but faces significant challenges because of population growth, plant pathogens, and climate change. Genetic engineering of crops promises to increase food yields, create drought- and pest-resistant crops, and improve nutrition in the developing world. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology examines the molecular bases of different plant characteristics and how they can be manipulated genetically using modern molecular biological techniques. The contributors review recent advances in our understanding of plant plasticity, circadian rhythms, stomatal development, inflorescence architecture, symbiotic phosphate acquisition, and specialized plant metabolism and discuss how this knowledge might be used to boost yields, improve tolerance to pathogens and environmental stress, and enhance nutritional content. Several chapters are devoted to the development of specific genetically modified plants (e.g., disease-resistant cassava and submergence-tolerant rice) and their agronomic and socioeconomic impacts. The generation of blight-resistant American chestnut trees—the first bioengineered plants developed with the goal of ecological restoration—is also described. This volume is therefore an essential read for all plant biologists, geneticists, and engineers interested in addressing agricultural as well as environmental challenges. Pamela Ronald University of California, Davis Title Enjoy Your Cells Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/enjycell.htm Beneath your skin there is an amazing hidden world of living cells. Millions and millions of cells work together, to make everything that is you. But did you know that you started life as just one tiny cell? And did you know that everything that lives on Planet Earth is also made of these amazing cells? Fran Balkwill Related Products Enjoy Your Cells Title Enjoy Your Cells Coloring Book Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/enjoycolor.htm Color and learn! Beneath your skin there is an amazing hidden world of living cells. Millions and millions of cells work together, to make everything that is you. But did you know that you started life as just one tiny cell? And did you know that everything that lives on Planet Earth is also made of these amazing cells? From the acclaimed creative partnership of scientist/author Fran Balkwill and illustrator Mic Rolph, the Enjoy Your Cells Color and Learn Series is an entertaining, one-of-a-kind learning experience that you help to create. Each coloring book incorporates all of the original text and artwork from the best-selling Enjoy Your Cells series, now in a delightfully enlarged format suitable for coloring book fans of all ages. The pages are brimming with dozens of drawings of cells, proteins, and DNA, accompanied by easy-to-understand but scientifically accurate commentary. Proceeds from the books help to support research and education at the world-renowned Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. With exuberant graphics ranging from simple to intricate, these books are sure to bring hours of educational enjoyment to budding and experienced scientists alike! 32 fully illustrated ready-to-color pages Related Products Germ Zappers Coloring Book Title Enjoy Your Cells Series Coloring Books, 4-book Gift Set Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/enjoycolorset.htm Color and learn! Enjoy Your Cells is a series of children's books from the acclaimed creative partnership of scientist/author Fran Balkwill and illustrator Mic Rolph. Once again, they use their unique brand of simple but scientifically accurate commentary and exuberant graphics to take young readers on an entertaining exploration of the amazing, hidden world of cells, proteins, and DNA. This four-volume set includes all of the coloring books in the series, bundled together with a box of premium quality, pre-sharpened colored pencils, and a colorful sheet of water-resistant stickers inspired by the series (pencils and stickers available while supplies last). It's the perfect gift for the scientist of any age! Discover all the books in the ENJOY YOUR CELLS series, each available in coloring book and full-color formats! 32 fully illustrated ready-to-color pages in each book Related Products Enjoy Your Cells Coloring Book Title Enjoy Your Cells-Balkwill/Rolph 4-book set Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/enjoy4p.htm A collection of all four titles in the Enjoy Your Cells series for one low price. Enjoy Your Cells is a new series of children's books from the acclaimed creative partnership of scientist/author Fran Balkwill and illustrator Mic Rolph. Once again, they use their unique brand of simple but scientifically accurate commentary and exuberantly colorful graphics to take young readers on an entertaining exploration of the amazing, hidden world of cells, proteins, and DNA. It's over ten years since Fran and Mic invented a new way of getting science across to children. Think what extraordinary advances have been made in biology in that timeand how often those discoveries made headlines. Stem cells, cloning, embryo transfer, emerging infections, vaccine developmenthere in these books are the basic facts behind the public debates. With these books, children will learn to enjoy their cells and current affairs at the same time. And they're getting information that has been written and reviewed by working scientists, so it's completely correct and up-to-date. Readers aged 7 and up will appreciate the stories' lively language and with help, even younger children will enjoy and learn from the jokes and illustrationsno expert required! This series is a must for all elementary school students and those who care about educating them to be well-informed in a world of increasingly complex health-related and environmental issues. Fran Balkwill is Professor of Cancer Biology at St. Bartholomew's Hospital and the London Queen Mary School of Medicine. Mic Rolph is a graphic designer with much television and publishing experience. Together, they have created many books for children, and have won several awards, including the prestigious COPUS Junior Science Book Prize. Enjoy Your Cells Germ Zappers Have a Nice DNA! 32 fully illustrated 4-color pages in each book. Title Enteric Hepatitis Viruses Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/enthepvirus.htm Viruses that are transmitted via the fecalâ€“oral route and may cause liver damage are known as enteric hepatitis viruses. These viruses, which include the hepatitis A and E viruses (HAV and HEV, respectively), infect millions of individuals worldwide and pose significant threats to public health. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine examines recent progress in our understanding of the biology and pathogenic mechanisms of HAV and HEV, as well as prospects for improving their control. Contributors explore the molecular characteristics and life cycles of HAV and HEV, their interactions with the liver and immune system, the clinical manifestations of the infections they cause, and their transmission via contaminated food and water. Additional topics include the geographic distributions of the various HAV and HEV genotypes, factors that influence their changing epidemiology, and the development of effective vaccines and vaccination strategies. The authors also discuss advances in cell-culture systems and animal models, as well as how studies of HAV and HEV may provide insight into other viruses and infectious diseases of the liver. This volume is therefore an essential reference for all virologists, immunologists, pathologists, clinicians, and public health professionals. Stanley M. Lemon University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Title Epigenetics, Second Edition Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/epigen2.htm In many biological processes the regulation of gene expression involves epigenetic mechanisms. In this new edition of Epigenetics, 36 chapters written by experts in the field introduce and explain epigenetic effects from many perspectives. These include the varied molecular mechanisms underpinning epigenetic regulation, discussion of cellular processes that rely on this kind of regulation, and surveys of model organisms in which epigenetic effects have been most studied. The original chapters have all been rewritten and brand new chapters cover topics such as the structure, function, and dynamics of histone-modifying enzymes and histone-interacting proteins. Other chapters address chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, siRNAs, and gene silencing; X-chromosome inactivation, dosage compensation, and imprinting; and epigenetics in microbes, plants, insects, and mammals. How epigenetic mechanisms act in cell division and cell type specification, and how errors in these pathways contribute to cancer and other human diseases are also considered, along with the importance of epigenetics for induced pluripotency and reprogramming. In addition, new chapters describe the involvement of epigenetic processes in epigenetic inheritance, neuronal development, metabolism and signaling, responses to the environment, and long-range chromatin interactions. A series of short essays highlight important recent discoveries. All the chapters provide conceptual illustrations that help readers understand epigenetic control. The book is thus a benchmark text for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses on gene regulation, as well as an essential resource for scientists interested in this rapidly moving field. C. David Allis The Rockefeller University 984 pages, illustrated (408 color, 9 B&W), index Title Epilepsy: The Biology of a Spectrum Disorder Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/epilepsy.htm Epilepsy is due to abnormal signaling of neurons in the brain that can cause seizures. It is a common condition, affecting at least 3% of individuals at some point during their life. The seizures are difficult to predict and, in a significant fraction of patients, refractory to current medical interventions. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine includes contributions covering all aspects of epilepsy, its causes, pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and treatment. Contributors discuss the genetic, developmental, and environmental triggers of recurrent seizures; molecular changes (e.g., epigenetic modifications) that are associated with epileptogenesis; and the aberrant ion channels and neuronal networks involved. Clinical aspects of the disease (diagnosis, classification, and treatments) are reviewed, as are common comorbidities (e.g., depression and cognitive disorders). Recent advances in drug development and surgical techniques aimed at reducing the morbidity and mortality of patients with epilepsy are also described. The authors highlight current challenges in the field of epilepsy, with the goal of assisting others in formulating relevant research questions. This volume is therefore a vital reference not only for scientists and clinicians currently working in the field, but for all neuroscientists seeking to explore new research directions. Jeffrey L. Noebels Baylor College of Medicine Related Products Epilepsy: The Biology of a Spectrum Disorder Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/epilepsyp.htm Title Essentials of Glycobiology, Third Edition Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/essenglyco3.htm Defined in the broadest sense, glycobiology is the study of the structure, biosynthesis, biology, and evolution of saccharides (sugar chains or glycans) that are widely distributed in nature in all living life forms. Glycobiology is now one of the more rapidly growing fields in the natural sciences, with broad relevance to many areas of basic research, biomedicine, and biotechnology. The field includes the chemistry of carbohydrates, the enzymology of glycan formation and degradation, the recognition of glycans by specific proteins, roles of glycans in complex biological systems, and their analysis or manipulation by various techniques. The third edition of this primary textbook in the field continues in the prior tradition, seeking to provide basic overview of glycobiology, directed towards the advanced undergraduate or the beginning graduate-level student of molecular and cellular biology and biomedicine. While efforts have been made to avoid a major increase in overall length of the text, substantial changes and improvements include the following: Broader focus on all lineages of life forms in nature. Wider range of topics, ranging from biology and medicine to chemistry and materials science. Expanded international editorial board representing a wider range of expertise. Wider range of contributing authors with expertise in specific areas. Greatly expanded monosaccharide symbol nomenclature for the representation of glycans. Greater attention to informatics, and integration with databases on other classes of molecules. Advance Comments on the Third Edition of Essentials of Glycobiology "The field of glycobiology has matured. The comments of Nobel Laureates on the previous editions reflect the long-held belief that central functional roles played by the diversity of glycan chains would be revealed by research in this field. Now, as the result of advances in analytical chemistry and much deeper understanding of genomes, cell and tissue organization, this field has arrived. The third edition of Essentials of Glycobiology stands as the authoritative treatise on the subject, covering all aspects of the field and written by the world leaders in current research." —James E. Rothman, Nobel Laureate in Medicine, 2013 "Difficult to analyze and synthesize artificially, glycans are often simply ignored. To do so is to avert one's gaze from an important part of life. More than mere decoration, glycans magnify the diversity of the already diverse molecules to which they are attached, affect protein folding and stability, direct traffic within cells, serve as signposts of self vs. non-self, create barriers that protect us, and conversely, defend microbes, making some of them the pathogens they are. It is hard to imagine a world without complex sugars, but if such a world existed, it would be much diminished. The third edition of Essentials of Glycobiology may be life changing for scientists who have not yet engaged with glycobiology and will certainly be a treasured resource for those who already have." —Bruce Beutler, Nobel Laureate in Medicine, 2011 "The importance of glycans has long been recognized and great advances have been reported on the synthesis and chemical analysis of this class of natural compounds. In my field, structural biology, carbohydrate moieties in glycoproteins and in complex multi-component macromolecular systems have been and continue to be difficult to handle. I greatly welcome the effort made in this multiauthor volume to present results obtained with methods of structural biology in the context of the wealth of currently available chemical and biological data. I recommend the third edition of Essentials of Glycobiology as a highly useful reference on the current state of the field." —Kurt Wuethrich, Nobel Laureate in Chemistry, 2002 "We think conventionally of the immune system as having evolved to deal with invading pathogens that express "foreign" proteins (and peptides), targeted via specific recognition units, particularly secreted antibodies and cell-bound T lymphocyte receptors. As the molecular revolution has unfolded, such science that relies on a reasonably direct correlation between genotype and phenotype has been relatively straightforward. Much more difficult to assess is the part played by glycosylation profiles in immune recognition and pathogen elimination. Perhaps even more intriguing is the issue of glycan abnormalities and recognition in cancer and many other disease processes. Now, in a third edition of Essentials of Glycobiology written by authoritative leaders in the field, we learn how this knowledge has been rapidly advancing, and see possibilities for real breakthroughs in understanding and therapy." —Peter C. Doherty, Nobel Laureate in Medicine 1996 Ajit Varki University of California, San Diego Publication Date 2017 /2017 Title Evolution Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/evolutn.htm Evolution is a book on evolutionary biology that integrates molecular biology, genomics, and human genetics with traditional studies of evolutionary processes. Recommended as a primary textbook for upper level undergraduate courses in evolution Required reading for biologists seeking a clear, current, and comprehensive account of evolutionary theory and mechanisms Written by experts in population genetics, bacterial genomics, paleontology, human genetics, and developmental biology Integrates molecular and evolutionary biology in ways that reflect current directions in research Contents and Coverage This extensively illustrated, full-color book has four sections: Introduction (Part I) gives an account of how the ideas underpinning evolutionary theory developed and a history of experiments and ideas in the development of molecular biology. Origin and Diversification of Life (Part II) describes the history of life on earth from the origin of life to the evolution of humans, with emphasis on the major transitions in genetic organization and novel adaptations that have appeared. The diversity of life is emphasized. The chapters make extensive use of information from complete genome sequences and analysis of molecular mechanisms in development. Evolutionary Processes (Part III) describes how the diversity of life is generated: How variation arises and how selection acts are considered in detail. Many examples used to illustrate these processes are drawn from molecular sources. Human Evolution (Part IV) discusses human evolution and diversity. The benefits of molecular markers for our understanding of human evolution are highlighted and these findings integrated with paleontological evidence. Also discussed is the use of evolutionary methods to identify genetic differences that predispose people to specific diseases and affect their responses to treatment. Online-only Chapters Additional chapters, found on the Web only, deal with techniques and models used in studying evolutionary biology, emphasizing the contribution of molecular biology and genomics to phylogenetic reconstruction methods. The Evolution Web site (www.evolution-textbook.org) is an invaluable supplement to the textbook, a resource for teachers that will contain downloadable figures (for PowerPoint or overhead display) and chapter problems. Request exam copies and other information Visit the Evolution Web site now for more information about this new book. Request a detailed Table of Contents, Sample Chapters, Exam Copies, and Updates about Evolution. Nicholas H. Barton University of Edinburgh 833 pp., color illus., glossary, index Price subject to change Related Products Evolution: The Molecular Landscape Evolution: The Molecular Landscape Title Evolution: The Molecular Landscape Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/evoML.htm This volume is based on presentations by the world-renowned investigators who gathered at the 74th annual Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the publication of Charles Darwins On the Origin of Species. It reviews the latest advances in research into evolution, focusing on the molecular bases for evolutionary change. The topics covered include the appearance of the first genetic material, the origins of cellular life, evolution and development, selection and adaptation, and genome evolution. Human origins, cognition, and cultural evolution are also covered, along with social interactions. The line-up of speakers comprised a stellar list of preeminent scientists and thinkers such as the zoologist and prolific author E. O. Wilson (Harvard University); Jack W. Szostak (Harvard Medical School), a 2009 Nobel Prize winner who studies the chemistry of life's origins; and Nobel Prize winner and former president of HHMI Thomas Cech (Colorado Institute for Molecular Biotechnology), to name just a few. A complete summary of the meeting can be found here. 485 pp., illus. 121 color; 86 b/w, indexes Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/evoMLp.htm Title Experimental Design for Biologists, Second Edition Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/exdsnbio2.htm The effective design and analysis of experiments in biology are critical to success, yet graduate students in biological and medical sciences typically receive very little formal training in these steps. With feedback from readers of the first edition, colleagues, and students taking the very popular experimental design courses taught by the author, this second edition of Experimental Design for Biologists retains the engaging writing style while organizing the book around the four elements of experimental design: the framework, the system, the experiment, and the model. The approach has been tested in the classroom, where the author has taught numerous graduate students, MD/PhD students, and postdoctoral fellows. The goal of every scientist is to discover something new and with the aid of Experimental Design for Biologists, this task is made a little easier. This handbook explains how to establish the framework for an experimental project, how to set up all of the components of an experimental system, design experiments within that system, determine and use the correct set of controls, and formulate models to test the veracity and resiliency of the data. This thoroughly updated edition of Experimental Design for Biologists is an essential source of theory and practical guidance for designing a research plan. David J. Glass Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 304 pp., illus. (34 B&W), index Title Experimental Heart: A Novel Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/exheartp.htm Andy O'Hara, a post-doctoral researcher in a London cancer research institute, agrees to help an attractive colleague, Gina, who is collaborating with a pharmaceutical company. She is working on a virus-based vaccine but has discovered the company is planning a clinical trial of the vaccine in Africa without preliminary animal tests. Andy gets a tip-off that Gina's corporate collaborator has a shady past, but also discovers a scientific reason why the vaccine may be doomed to failure. As this excerpt begins, Andy and his friend Christine have helped Gina set up an illicit mouse experiment in their own animal facility, a move that could end all their careers if discovered. Read an excerpt here. Jennifer L. Rohn Related Products The Honest Look Title Faces of the Genome Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/facesgenome.htm This book celebrates scientists who are explorers of the vast arrays of genes (genomes) that underpin the biology of humans and every other organism. The drawings are by the renowned Australian artist, Lewis Miller. Each is accompanied by an essay on the accomplishments and personality of the sitter, written by another distinguished scientist. This book portrays, in pencil and prose, 62 outstanding scientists who have had an extraordinary influence on our current understanding of biology, evolution, and medical science. W. Richard McCombie Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 131 pages, illustrated (62 color), index Title Father to Son: Truth, Reason, and Decency Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/fathertoson.htm At the age of 24, James Watson had a scientific discovery to his creditthe structure of DNAthat would win a Nobel Prize and forever change our understanding of genes and inheritance. Now, after a lifetime of accomplishment in research, writing, education, and science advocacy, Watson has delved for the first time publicly into his own lineage to chronicle an archetypical American family from before the Civil War to Vietnam. With its portraits of many memorable characters, illustrated with previously unpublished photographs and period documents, Father To Son brilliantly illuminates the fundamental truth that who we become as individuals is determined by both our genetic and cultural heritage. Father to Son featured in The Chicago Tribune — href="images/jdwct.pdf" target="_blank">read the article here. 285 pages, illustrated, dust jacket Title Fission Yeast: A Laboratory Manual Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/fissionyeast.htm Fission yeast are unicellular, rod-shaped fungi that divide by medial fission. Studies using fission yeast were instrumental in identifying fundamental mechanisms that govern cell division, differentiation, and epigenetics, to name but a few. Their rapid growth rate, genetic malleability, and similarities to more complex eukaryotes continue to make them excellent subjects for many biochemical, molecular, and cell biological studies. This laboratory manual provides an authoritative collection of core experimental procedures that underpin modern fission yeast research. The contributors describe basic methods for culturing and genetically manipulating fission yeast, synchronization strategies for probing the cell cycle, technologies for assessing proteins, metabolites, and cell wall constituents, imaging methods to visualize subcellular structures and dynamics, and protocols for investigating chromatin and nucleic acid metabolism. Modifications to techniques commonly used in related species (e.g., budding yeast) are noted, as are useful resources for fission yeast researchers, including various databases and repositories. The well-studied fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is the focus throughout, but the emerging model S. japonicusa larger, dimorphic species with several desirable characteristicsis also covered. This manual is an important reference for existing fission yeast laboratories and will serve as an essential start-up guide for those working with fission yeast for the first time. Iain Hagan Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester Related Products Fission Yeast: A Laboratory Manual Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/fissionyeastp.htm Title Fly Pushing: The Theory and Practice of Drosophila Genetics, Second Edition Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/fly2.htm ISBN 978-1621822-33-2 A second edition of the classic handbook has become a standard in the Drosophila field. This edition is expanded to include topics in which classical genetic strategies have been augmented with new molecular tools. Included are such new techniques as homologous recombination, RNAi, new mapping techniques, and new mosaic marking techniques. Ralph J. Greenspan The Neurosciences Institute, San Diego Title Francis Crick: Hunter of Life's Secrets Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/crick.htm This engrossing biography by one of molecular biologys foremost scholars reveals the remarkable evolution of Francis Cricks scientific career and the shaping of his personality. From unpromising beginnings, he became a vital contributor to a remarkably creative period in science. Olby chronicles Cricks life from his early studies in biophysics, to the discovery of the structure of DNA, to his later work in neuroscience and the nature of consciousness. This account is woven together with insights into his personal life gained through access to Cricks papers, family, and friends. Robert Olbys book is a richly detailed portrait of one of the great scientists of our time. About the author: Robert Olby, a prominent historian of science, is research professor in the Department of History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Pittsburgh and author of the highly regarded Origins of Mendelism (1966, 1985) and The Path to the Double Helix (1974, 1994). He has published and lectured widely on 19th and 20th century topics in biology, genetics, and molecular biology. Olby is a member of the History of Science Society and the International Academy of the History of Science. Robert Olby 538 pp, illus., indexes Title Function and Dysfunction of the Cochlea: From Mechanisms to Potential Therapies Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/funcdyscochlea.htm Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine provides a comprehensive review of the complex molecular mechanisms that are responsible for cochlear function and were, for the most part, revealed by the discovery of genes responsible for hearing impairment. It describes major advances in our understanding of the pathogenic processes underlying various forms of hearing loss and the emergence of treatments for deafness. The contributors focus on the highly specialized cells which mediate auditory transduction—the hair cells—and their unique architectural, mechanical, and molecular characteristics. They also consider the properties of other cochlear components, including the tectorial membrane, the synaptic connections with auditory neurons, and the resident macrophages, as well as the development and evolution of the cochlea as a whole. Topics such as hair cell regeneration, otoacoustic emissions, and ototoxicity are also discussed. Guy P. Richardson Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex Title Gastrulation: From Cells to Embryo Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/gastrul.htm During gastrulation, tissue layers are formed and the overall body plan is established. This book is the definitive guide to this vitally important period in embryonic development, providing authoritative and up to date information that includes the first comprehensive interspecies comparison, cell movements and patterning events, the roles of individual genes and gene families, and the evolution of gastrulation. Claudio D. Stern University College London Title Gene Function in Prokaryotes Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/gfprok.htm Title Gene Machines Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/genemach.htm Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/genemachhc.htm Title Gene Machines Coloring Book Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/genemachcolor.htm Color and learn! Welcome to your familyall the wonderful inhabitants of Planet Earth. We share something very special with every human being, animal, plant, and microscopic creature. What do we share with all living things? We are all GENE MACHINES! Title Chapter 1 - From Germs to Genes ISBN 0-87969-446-7-1 Electronic Document GTChap1.pdf - Theodore Friedmann, M.D. University of California, San Diego Title Chapter 2 - On the Road to Gene Therapy Title Chapter 3 - We Can't Start and We Can't Stop Title Chapter 4 - 3000 Genetic Diseases Title Chapter 5 - Treating Genetic Disease Without Treating Genes Title Chapter 6 - Gene Fixing — The Realities and the Potential Title Chapter 7 - Experiment or Treatment? A Personal View Title Gene Transfer: Delivery and Expression of DNA and RNA, A Laboratory Manual Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/genetrnp.htm Understanding gene function and regulation requires rigorous testing in live cells and organisms. Recent advances have provided a variety of new strategies for delivering DNA and RNA into cells and probing their expression, as well as new clinical applications that rely upon the introduction of genetic material. The vast number of available techniques for clinical and laboratory research often makes selecting the optimal method a difficult process. Gene Transfer: Delivery and Expression of DNA and RNA provides the first comprehensive guide to technical approaches for delivering nucleic acids into cells and organisms and of ensuring (even manipulating) appropriate expression. The detailed, step-by-step protocols cover a variety of methods, both well established and newly evolving. These include viral and nonviral methods of gene delivery, transgenic approaches, strategies for the regulation of transgene expression, and modification of the host response. The introductory matter to each chapter includes concise technical and theoretical discussions with considerations for selection of the appropriate system and strategies for delivery. The Development of Human Gene Therapy Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/genetrn.htm Title Generation and Interpretation of Morphogen Gradients Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/genintermorph.htm Signaling by diffusible morphogens, such as Hedgehog, Wingless, TGF-β, and various growth factors, is essential during embryogenesis. The establishment of concentration gradients of these morphogens is vital for developmental patterning, ensuring that distinct differentiated cell types appear in the right place and at the right time in forming tissues. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology explores how morphogen gradients are generated and interpreted during development. The contributors examine the regulation of morphogen synthesis, trafficking, and diffusion, as well as the complex webs of signaling mechanisms and transcriptional responses in recipient cells — whose fates are dictated by these morphogens. Including discussion of the roles of morphogen gradients in various tissues in organisms from yeast to humans, the volume is an indispensable reference for developmental biologists and cell biologists wishing to know how cell fate is determined during embryogenesis. James Briscoe MRC National Institute for Medical Research Title Genes & Signals Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/genesig.htm Genes & Signals analyzes gene regulation from a new perspective. The first chapter describes mechanisms found in bacteria, and two subsequent chapters discuss which of these is most highly exploited in higher organisms. A final chapter relates these molecular strategies to other enzymatic processes, including those involving kinases, RNA splicing enzymes, proteases, and others. A general theme emerges, one that proposes how a rather restricted set of signals and enzymatic functions has been used in evolution to generate complex life forms of different types. Mark Ptashne Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Related Products Genes & Signals A Genetic Switch, Third Edition, Phage Lambda Revisited Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/GGGWat.htm FROM THE PUBLISHER (Alfred A. Knopf): Immediately following the revolutionary discovery of the structure of DNA by James D. Watson and Francis Crick in 1953, the world of molecular biology was caught up in a gold rush. The goal: to uncover the secrets of life that the newly elucidated molecule promised to reveal. Genes, Girls, and Gamow is James Watson's report on the amazing aftermath of the DNA breakthrough, picking up where his now classic memoir, The Double Helix, leaves off. Here are the collaborations and collisions of giants, not only Watson and Crick themselves, but also legions of others, including Linus Pauling (the greatest chemist of the day), Richard Feynman (the bongoplaying cynosure of Caltech), and especially George Gamow, the bearlike, whiskeywielding Russian physicist, who had turned his formidable intellect to the field of genetics; with Gamowan irrepressible prankster to bootWatson would found the legendary RNA Tie Club. But Watsonat twentyfive already the winner of genetic research's greatest jackpotis obsessed with another goal as well: to find love, and a wife equal to his unexpected fame. As he and an international cast of roguish young colleagues do important research they also compare notes and share complaints on the scarcity of eligible mates. And amid the feverish search for the role of the then still mysterious RNA molecule, Watson's thoughts are seldom far from the supreme object of his desire, an enthralling Swarthmore coed who also happens to be the daughter of Harvard's most eminent biologist. 336 pp., 43 illus., 22 letters Title Genetic Counseling: Clinical Practice and Ethical Considerations Genetic counseling is poised to play an increasingly important role in society as genome sequencing becomes a routine aspect of clinical assessment of both infants and adults. This volume examines the changing role of genetic counselors in the genomic age and the ways in which genetic counseling can be integrated into modern medicine. Laura Hercher Sarah Lawrence College Title Genetic Map of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ISBN 1808GM Electronic Document genetic_map.pdf - Appendix to The Molecular Biology of the Yeast Saccharomyces: Life Cycle and Inheritance, Metabolism and Gene Expression. Robert K. Mortimer Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics and Donner Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley Title A Genetic Switch, Third Edition, Phage Lambda Revisited Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/genswitp.htm The first edition of Mark Ptashne's 1986 book describing the principles of gene regulation in phage lambda became a classic in both content and form, setting a standard of clarity and precise prose that has rarely been bettered. This edition is a reprint of the original text, together with a new chapter updating the story to 2004. Among the striking new developments are recent findings on longrange interactions between proteins bound to widely separated sites on the phage genome, and a detailed description of how gene activation works. Mark Ptashne Sloan-Kettering Memorial Cancer Center, New York Genes & Signals Title Genetic Variation: A Laboratory Manual Unique URL http://www.cshlpress.com/link/genevarp.htm Genetic Variation: A Laboratory Manual is the first compendium of protocols specifically geared towards genetic variation studies, and includes thorough discussions on their applications for human and model organism studies. Intended for graduate students and professional scientists in clinical and research settings, it covers the complete spectrum of genetic variationfrom SNPs and microsatellites to more complex DNA alterations, including copy number variation. Written and edited by leading scientists in the field, the early sections of the manual are devoted to study design and generating genotype data, the use of resources such as HapMap and dbSNP, as well as experimental, statistical, and bioinformatic approaches for analyzing the data. The final sections include descriptions of genetic variation in model organisms and discussions of recent insights into human genetic ancestry, forensics, and human variation. Michael P. Weiner RainDance Technologies, Inc., Guilford, Connecticut	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11420
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(Creator) (1) + - University of Tennessee, Knoxville (Creator) (1) + - Knoxville Academy of Medicine Built in 1812, this structure originally served as prominent Knoxvillian James Parks' private residence. The Knoxville Academy of Medicine purchased the building in 1949 and added a large addition (not shown) in 1968. The building is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places and further restoration is planned. View of the front entrance to Knoxville's old City Hall. The building was constructed in 1844 and originally housed the Tennessee School for the Deaf. It served as a makeshift hospital for both Union and Confederate troops during the Civil War but returned to its original purpose when the war ended. It became Knoxville's City Hall in 1924, and continued in this function until 1980. The structure is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Development proposal for Central Metropolitan Knoxville This image shows a plan for the development of Central Metropolitan Knoxville put forth by the Knoxville-Knox County Metropolitan Planning Commission in 1962. The plan demonstrates options for commercial, office, parking, public, residential, and adjacent use. Ariel view of downtown Knoxville Ariel view of Knoxville, Tennessee taken from the south side of the Tennessee River. Among the structures visible are the Gay Street Bridge, the Andrew Johnson Hotel, and the Hamilton Bank Building. Ariel view of Knoxville, Tennessee taken from the south side of the Tennessee River. Among the structures visible are the Gay Street Bridge, the Andrew Johnson Hotel, the Hamilton Bank Building, and the Knoxville Coliseum. Knoxville Civic Auditorium and Coliseum The Knoxville Civic Auditorium and Coliseum opened in the fall of 1961. Built with musical performances in mind, it seats 2,500 people and offers a 57 foot by 54 foot stage. It has also hosted such non-musical entertainments as circuses and ice shows. Wallace McClure Residence Wallace K. McClure purchased this home on Temple Avenue (now Volunteer Boulevard) from Henry H. Ingersoll in 1902. He and his family lived in the house until his death in 1921. In 1941, Wallace McClure Jr. donated the house to the University of Tennessee as part of the W.K. McClure Foundation for the Study of World Affairs that he had founded as a memorial for his father. The house was demolished in the 1960s. View of the Tennesse River from the UT Agricultural Experiment Station The University of Tennessee's Agricultural Experiment Station was established in 1882 with the intention of furthering agricultural research in the state. It grew quickly, and by 1900 branch stations were being built so that research could be conducted under specific local conditions. Today, these stations continue to research numerous topics and provide important contributions to agricultural science in Tennessee and around the world. Hotel Farragut Named after Admiral David Glasgow Farragut, the Hotel Farragut opened on the corner of Gay and Clinch (the site of the old Imperial Hotel) on February 1, 1919. It flourished until 1929 when the Andrew Johnson Hotel opened nearby, after which time the two hotels provided each other with stiff competition. The Farragut closed in 1977 and was converted into office space in 1978. Tate Springs Hotel Captain Thomas Tomlinson built the Tate Springs Hotel in the late 1800s near one of the mineral springs flowing from Clinch Mountain in Grainger County. The resort, which featured cottages, stables, a golf course, and a park, was extremely prosperous until the Great Depression. The original structure was torn down in 1936 and the property was sold to Kingswood School in 1941. Today, the only remnant of the hotel is a gazebo standing near the mineral spring. Christian Union Community Club The Christian Union Community Club was formed in about 1918 and disbanded in 1929. The building shown was later used for other benevolent purposes, including a WPA night school and a Junior League Day Nursery. Colonel James Van Deventer's Home Colonel James Van Deventer and his family lived in this home on Temple Avenue (now called Volunteer Boulevard) from approximately 1900 until 1908. The University of Tennessee later used the structure as its Faculty Club, and the building was finally razed in the 1980s to allow for the construction of Hodges Library. CSX Railroad Bridge This bridge, which crosses the Tennessee River near the University of Tennessee campus, was built in the 1960s and is used by the commercial CSX railroad line. Knoxville & Augusta Railroad Bridge View of the Knoxville & Augusta (later Southern) Railroad bridge. This picture was taken from near the foot of the University of Tennessee's "Hill" and shows the sparse development of south Knoxville during the late 19th and early 20th century. Henley Street Bridge and Railroad Bridge View of the Henley Street Bridge and the Railroad Bridge crossing the Tennessee River in Knoxville, Tennessee. Visible in the background are the main building of the Baptist Hospital and the Blount Professional Building. View of the railroad tracks and the W.J. Savage Company View of the railroad tracks running through Knoxville near the city's center. Also visible are the University of Tennessee's Ayres Hall and the W.J. Savage Co. Louisville & Nashville railroad yards and terminals View of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad yards and terminals. The Commonwealth of Kentucky granted the L&N a charter on March 5, 1850 and the Tennessee State Legislature authorized the railroad's extension to Nashville on December 4, 1851. The railroad began expanding after the Civil War and eventually reached such cities as Knoxville (Tennessee), Montgomery (Alabama), Norton (Virginia), and New Orleans (Louisiana). By the time the Seabord Coastline Railroad bought the L&N in 1971, it operated 6,574 miles of track in 13 states. First through train to Knoxville This train, which came from Louisville, Kentucky on the East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad, was the first through train to arrive in Knoxville. The ETV&G was formed when the East Tennessee & Georgia Railroad merged with the East Tennessee & Virginia Railroad in 1869. The new railroad expanded significantly before merging with the Richmond and Danville Railroad to form the Southern Railway in 1895.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11423
__label__wiki	0.650649	0.650649	Tag: Pirates of the Caribbean Pirates of the Caribbean in Walt Disney World Closing in February for New Auction Scene Installation Pirates of the Caribbean will be closing this coming February for a three week refurbishment that is expected to see the introduction of the new auction scene. The refurbishment is scheduled to begin February 26th and last through March 18th and reopening to guests on March 19th. Disney has previously announced that the iconic auction scene will see the redhead play a new role, joining the pirate ranks and overseeing the pirate auction of the townspeople’s valuables. A similar scene opened at Disneyland Paris this past summer, and the change will come to both Walt Disney World and Disneyland Resort in 2018. Pirates of the Caribbean last saw a major change with the introduction of characters and elements from the Pirates of the Caribbean movie franchise back in 2006. Author RayPosted on November 8, 2017 Categories Walt Disney WorldTags Magic Kingdom, Pirates of the Caribbean, Walt Disney WorldLeave a comment on Pirates of the Caribbean in Walt Disney World Closing in February for New Auction Scene Installation Disney Making Changes to Pirates of the Caribbean in Disneyland Paris, Changes to Follow at Disneyland and Magic Kingdom When Pirates of the Caribbean re-opens at Disneyland Paris on July 24, guests will discover new surprises as well as a band of new buccaneers. The blockbuster “Pirates of the Caribbean” films provided the inspiration for Disney’s Imagineering team to come up with new twists and turns in our story, and a chance to introduce new characters and magic to this classic attraction. Captain Barbossa, from the blockbuster films, will appear in the attraction for the first time, joining a skeletal crew in a scene unique to Disneyland Paris. Also, ghostly visages of Davy Jones and Blackbeard will warn that “dead men DO tell tales!” Throughout the attraction, Disney has enhanced the show with new Audio-Animatronics figures, costumes, special effects, lighting and sound, including some of the now-classic musical themes from the films. Of course, the classic “A Pirates Life for Me!” song will continue to underscore the attraction. Guest will even discover that a familiar character is playing a new role joining the pirates ranks and helping the local townspeople “unload” their valuables at the Mercado auction. On this side of the pond, at Magic Kingdom park and Disneyland park, it’s a pirate’s life for a favorite redhead—beginning in 2018, after an already-planned refurbishment, the redhead is trading her fashionable bonnet for a pirate’s hat. Guests will now see her joining the pirates’ ranks and helping the locals “unload” their valuables at the Mercado auction. Here is a view an artist’s rendering of the new Walt Disney World and Disneyland Resort scenes: Kathy Mangum, senior vice president, Atlantic Region Executive for Walt Disney Imagineering, said, “Our team thought long and hard about how best to update this scene. Given the redhead has long been a fan favorite, we wanted to keep her as a pivotal part of the story, so we made her a plundering pirate! We think this keeps to the original vision of the attraction as envisioned by Marc Davis, X Atencio, and the other Disney Legends who first brought this classic to life.” Walt Disney Imagineering Ambassador Marty Sklar said of this new story twist, “Pirates of the Caribbean has always represented great Disney Park storytelling; it has set the standard for the theme park industry for half a century! But it’s a story you can continue to add fun to, with great characters in new ‘performances.’ That’s what the Imagineers have done with this new auction scene—it’s like a theatre show with a new act.” The Disney Legend continued, “To me, the Imagineers are simply reflecting what Walt started the day Disneyland opened—making changes that create exciting new experiences for our guests. I can’t think of a single attraction that has not been enhanced and improved, some over and over again. Change is a ‘tradition’ at Disneyland that today’s Imagineers practice—they learned it from their mentors, many of them Walt’s original team of storytellers and designers—the Disney Legends.” Disneyland Paris guests will also discover some changes to the Blue Lagoon Restaurant, re-opening as Captain Jack’s. It seems that Captain Jack won the restaurant in a wager and is now welcoming pirates of all ages to relax over a drink and hot meal. The interior of the restaurant has been re-themed and the establishment has been staffed with a fun-loving band of pirates. The adventures set sail on July 24 in Adventureland at Disneyland Paris. Author RayPosted on June 29, 2017 June 30, 2017 Categories NewsTags Disneyland, Disneyland Paris, Magic Kingdom, Pirates of the CaribbeanLeave a comment on Disney Making Changes to Pirates of the Caribbean in Disneyland Paris, Changes to Follow at Disneyland and Magic Kingdom ‘Pirates of the Caribbean’ Sails Toward $300 Million Opening Weekend Worldwide Disney’s latest crack at the “Pirates of the Caribbean” franchise appears to be a global hit. The fifth installment, subtitled “Dead Men Tell No Tales” is sailing to $270.6 million at the international box office. That, combined with the $77 million it’s expected to pull in over the four-day holiday domestically, should easily put the film over $300 million globally during its opening frame. In China alone the movie will make an estimated $67.8 million. The third highest opening for any Disney movie is partially attributed to the opening coinciding with the country’s Dragon Boat Festival holidays. The film saw the largest opening of all time in Russia with $18.1 million ($18.6 million including previews). The rest of the top five territories are Korea ($11.6 million); France ($9.3 million); and Germany ($8.4 million). “Dead Men Tell No Tales” centers on Johnny Depp’s Jack Sparrow battling deadly ghost sailors, led by Javier Bardem’s Captain Salazar. Joachim Ronning and Espen Sandberg directed the film, which also sees the return of both Orlando Bloom and Keira Knightley, who were absent from the fourth installment. This weekend, a number of films are meeting or passing milestones both in the U.S. and abroad. Universal’s “Fate of the Furious” became the sixth film to earn over $1 billion overseas. Disney’s “Beauty and the Beast” passed $500 million domestically putting it in elite company as well. With $783 million globally, Disney and Marvel’s “Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2” has surpassed the first “Guardians” movie’s total earnings. Disney in general is keeping the box office afloat — as of Friday, the studio became the first to have earned over $1 billion in 2017, reaching the milestone in near record time. The only time a studio has earned so much so quickly was Disney last year. From Variety Author RayPosted on May 29, 2017 Categories MoviesTags Johnny Depp, Pirates of the Caribbean, Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales, The Walt Disney StudiosLeave a comment on ‘Pirates of the Caribbean’ Sails Toward $300 Million Opening Weekend Worldwide D23’s Magical Screening Series: Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl in Florida GOLD MEMBER EVENT AMC Disney Springs 24 $25 per person (plus $5 processing fee). Click below to purchase tickets. Add reminder to calendar Not a Gold Member? Join Celebrate 50 years of the Pirates of the Caribbean attraction during a D23-exclusive presentation with Disney Legend Marty Sklar, followed by a screening of Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003) at AMC Disney Springs 24 at Walt Disney World Resort! Experience begins at 10 a.m. at AMC Disney Springs 24. Check-in will begin at 9:15 a.m. Please do not arrive before 9:15 a.m. Available to Gold and Gold Family Members You will be required to show a photo ID. Members will be required to show their D23 Membership Card. “Yo ho, yo ho, a pirate’s life for D23!” As we await the May 26 release of Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales, D23 Members are invited to celebrate some of Disney’s most notorious rascals, scoundrels, villains, and knaves at the Walt Disney World Resort! First, if ye come seekin’ the history of salty ol’ pirates, you come to the proper place! Join us as Disney Legend Marty Sklar, former vice chairman and principal creative executive of Walt Disney Imagineering, makes an appearance in Florida and charts our course for an adventure through 50 years of Pirates of the Caribbean. During this special presentation, Marty will tell fascinating tales from the making and evolution of the quintessential Disney attraction, which debuted at Disneyland park in 1967 and inspired the Pirates of the Caribbean live-action film series. Discover the secrets behind the attraction’s artistry and development with barrels full of artwork, photography, and other rare material no landlubber will want to miss! Attendees will then set sail and enjoy the Academy Award®-nominated Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003) on the big screen! The swashbuckling feature follows the adventures of Elizabeth Swann (Keira Knightley), Will Turner (Orlando Bloom), and Jack Sparrow (Johnny Depp), as they join forces against Captain Barbossa (Geoffrey Rush) and his crew, who are cursed aboard the legendary Black Pearl. This installment of D23’s Magical Screening Series will also include an exclusive gift, created just for you, that you won’t want to miss. D23 Gold Members may reserve a ticket for themselves and one (1) guest; D23 Gold Family Members may reserve tickets for themselves and up to three (3) guests. Due to the nature of the experience, all attendees must be 10 years of age or older to partake in this D23’s Magical Screening Series installment. Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl is rated PG-13 for action/adventure violence; parents are strongly cautioned. D23 Members will be required to provide their membership number when reserving tickets. Tickets may be picked up only with a valid photo ID AND D23 MEMBERSHIP CARD. D23 Members who do not bring their membership card may not be admitted to the event. Ticketed members who do not attend the event forfeit their place as well as all experiences, benefits, and gifts associated with the event. All D23 Special Events are subject to change without notice. There are no cancellations or refunds, and tickets are not transferable. Video or audio recording of any kind will not be permitted during the presentation and screening. PLEASE BE ADVISED: Filming, photography, and other recording will take place at Walt Disney World during the event you will be attending. The Walt Disney Company will be taking photos and filming at AMC Disney Springs 24 located at 1500 Buena Vista Dr., Lake Buena Vista, FL 32830. By entering the premises, you irrevocably consent to and authorize The Walt Disney Company, its affiliates, successors, and assigns (collectively “Producer”), to photograph you, make sound recordings of you, and use such photographs and recordings throughout the world, for any purpose whatsoever in perpetuity, including, but not limited to, television broadcasts and home entertainment products, including, but not limited to, home video and DVD. All such photographs and sound recordings will be the sole property of Producer. Author RayPosted on March 28, 2017 March 28, 2017 Categories D23Tags AMC Disney Springs 24, Disney Springs, Pirates of the Caribbean, Pirates of the Caribbean: Curse of the Black Pearl, Walt Disney WorldLeave a comment on D23’s Magical Screening Series: Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl in Florida Celebrate 50 Years of Pirates of the Caribbean This Weekend at Disneyland Yo ho, me hearties! This Saturday, March 18, marks 50 years of “rascals and scoundrels … villains and knaves” with the anniversary of Pirates of the Caribbean at Disneyland park, and we’re planning to celebrate with scoundrels and scallywags alike! Beginning Thursday, March 16, guests can feast upon special pirate-themed grub at French Market Restaurant, Mint Julep Bar, Harbour Galley, Royal Street Verandah, Cafe Orleans and the one-of-a-kind Blue Bayou Restaurant. Then the party really sets sail Friday, March 17, and on the attraction’s official anniversary, March 18. Guests will find pirate-themed entertainment throughout New Orleans Square by the likes of Bootstrappers and Lucky the Pirate. They can also plunder limited-edition anniversary merchandise, available in New Orleans Square while supplies last. And ye landlubbers who wish ter talk like a pirate – aye, ye’ll getcher chance … with pirate speak collectible cards. And stay sharp, because there will be even more to discover! Since its March 18, 1967, debut, Pirates of the Caribbean has become a Disneyland park classic and fan favorite. This iconic attraction has gone on to pillage and plunder at Disney Parks around the world, with Pirates of the Caribbean attractions at Walt Disney World Resort in Florida, Tokyo Disneyland, Disneyland Paris and most recently, the award-winning Pirates of the Caribbean – Battle for the Sunken Treasure at Shanghai Disney Resort. Author RayPosted on March 14, 2017 March 14, 2017 Categories DisneylandTags Disneyland, Disneyland Resort, Pirates of the CaribbeanLeave a comment on Celebrate 50 Years of Pirates of the Caribbean This Weekend at Disneyland Newest Issue of Disney twenty-three Goes Behind the Scenes on Beauty and the Beast While we wait for Beauty and the Beast to enchant us once again when the live-action musical debuts in theaters March 17, D23 Gold Members can pore over the pages of the newest issue of Disney twenty-three, where stars Emma Watson (Belle), Josh Gad (LeFou), and director Bill Condon share secrets from the set of the highly anticipated film. From unique challenges to unforgettable moments, the cast and crew share just how much magic (and hard work!) it takes to transform one of the most beloved animated films of all time into a stunning live-action feature. Plus, Disney Legend Kurt Russell and fan-favorite Chris Pratt give readers a behind-the-scenes look at the making of Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, and Walt Disney Imagineer Joe Rohde takes us inside a breakout… Guardians of the Galaxy—Mission: BREAKOUT! to be exact, a brand-new attraction coming to Disney California Adventure summer 2017. Tangled fans will have the best day ever when they receive the newest issue of Disney twenty-three––Mandy Moore and Zachary Levi talk about Tangled: The Series and all the fun they had stepping back into the studio to voice adored characters Rapunzel and Flynn Rider (now known as Eugene Fitzherbert, of course). From upcoming shows to beloved classics, this issue of Disney twenty-three reunites the Mouseketeers from The New Mickey Mouse Club, who come together 40 years later to look back on the ‘70s-era show. If ye be seeking adventure, look no further—the spring issue of Disney twenty-three is celebrating all things pirates with a look at five decades of the iconic attraction, Pirates of the Caribbean, and a sneak peek with producer Jerry Bruckheimer at Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales, coming to theatres this May. Also included in the spring issue of Disney twenty-three: A celebration of the Main Street Electrical Parade’s 45th anniversary, as it returns to its original home at Disneyland Park The wonder and beauty of Disneynature’s newest film, Born in China A peek at what’s to come during the 25th anniversary of Disneyland Paris Eleven cool experiences you may not have known about at Walt Disney World Resort A look inside the newly renovated Walt Disney Animation Studios headquarters Regular features including A Walk with Walt, D Society, and Ask Dave New year, new member gift! Disney twenty-three readers will explore the 2017 D23 Gold Member Gift, “Walt Disney’s Nine Old Men,” a collection of 23 meticulously reproduced items that represent the work and legacy of the nine animators who created some of Disney’s most enduring characters. Author RayPosted on February 3, 2017 Categories D23Tags Beauty and the Beast, D23, Disney twenty-three Magazine, Guardians of the Galaxy, Main Street Electrical Parade, Pirates of the Caribbean, Tangled: The SeriesLeave a comment on Newest Issue of Disney twenty-three Goes Behind the Scenes on Beauty and the Beast ‘A Pirates Adventure – Treasures of the Seven Seas’ Offering Bonus FastPasses Walt Disney World guests can now receive a bonus FastPass+ to ride Pirates of the Caribbean by playing ‘A Pirates Adventure – Treasures of the Seven Seas.’ Guests playing the game need to complete at least three of the five missions, and the bonus FastPass+ is theirs. The collectable Treasurer Finder Cards are also still awarded for completing each mission. The interactive experience takes around 20 minutes per mission, with the signup located in The Crow’s Nest, just beyond Pirates of the Caribbean in Adventureland. Author RayPosted on June 22, 2016 Categories Walt Disney WorldTags A Pirate's Adventure, FastPass, Magic Kingdom, Pirates of the Caribbean, Walt Disney WorldLeave a comment on ‘A Pirates Adventure – Treasures of the Seven Seas’ Offering Bonus FastPasses Reburbishment of WDW’s Pirates of the Caribbean Delayed Until June According to the Walt Disney World website the start date for the refurbishment of Pirates of the Caribbean has been pushed back to June. The closure was originally scheduled to begin on May 11th, but has now been moved to June 8th. The refurbishment will run until September 25th. “Parrrrrrrdon Our Dust, Mateys! Shiver ye timbers! Pirates of the Caribbean will be closin’ fer planned maintenance beginnin’ June 8, 2015. But don’t ye worry—more adventures with Cap Author RayPosted on April 22, 2015 April 22, 2015 Categories Walt Disney WorldTags Magic Kingdom, Pirates of the Caribbean, Walt Disney WorldLeave a comment on Reburbishment of WDW’s Pirates of the Caribbean Delayed Until June Pirates of the Caribbean at WDW Closing for Major Refurbishment Pirates of the caribbean is scheduled to close for a major refurbishment this summer. The closure will begin on May 11th and will run through September 25th. The attraction will be reopening to guests on September 26th. Pirates of the Caribbean is experiencing a number of show and ride system issues that require a lengthy closure. Animatronic issues, show audio problems, and continuing issues with boats taking on water are all likely to be addressed. Author RayPosted on February 24, 2015 February 24, 2015 Categories Walt Disney WorldTags Magic Kingdom, Pirates of the Caribbean, Walt Disney WorldLeave a comment on Pirates of the Caribbean at WDW Closing for Major Refurbishment WDW’s Pirates of the Caribbean Scheduled to Close for Extensive Refurbishment Pirates of the Caribbean at the Magic Kingdom is expected to close for a six month refurbishment later this year. The refurbishment is rumored to begin near the summer, and run through until the end of 2015, reopening in time for the busy holiday season. It has been reported that Pirates of the Caribbean is experiencing a number of show and ride system issues that require a lengthy closure. Animatronic issues, show audio problems, and continuing issues with boats taking on water are all likely to be addressed. Disney has not yet announced or confirmed any closure. Author RayPosted on January 18, 2015 January 17, 2015 Categories Walt Disney WorldTags Magic Kingdom, Pirates of the Caribbean, Refurbishment, Walt Disney WorldLeave a comment on WDW’s Pirates of the Caribbean Scheduled to Close for Extensive Refurbishment	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11424
__label__cc	0.695184	0.304816	Home » Event » Starmus, 2014 Starmus, 2014 Posted by Mike Smithwick on October 1, 2014 in Event, NASA Space stuff, Observatory, Space Travel, Telescope \| 3 comments I love my “job.” As one who deals in astronomy education it is my sworn duty to go to any odd corner of the world in search like-minded types. And so I undertook a torturous journey to Tenerife in the Canary Islands, owned by Spain but not too far to the east from Morocco. It was on these islands, that the first Starmus conference was held in 2011. The Canaries were chosen as the organizers live there and due to the large number of observatories that take advantage of the excellent seeing. The “mus” stands for music, and “Star” stands for…you get the idea. Concluding last week (as of this writing) this was the second such conference, described as the intersection of space and art, it is meant to bring anyone with a love of space and astronomy to mingle with world class experts. One day you might find yourself having dinner with a moonwalker, the next striking up a conversation with Stephan Hawking (such as it stands). Lectures, tours and other events take place throughout the day, jumping from one amazing speaker to another. It felt like a TED conference but with about 92% less smugness. Ritz-Carlton. Held at the beautiful (and I mean beautiful) 5-Star Ritz-Carlton hotel on the largest of the islands, the conference lasted 6 days. Considering that the headliner of the first Starmus was Neil Armstrong, they needed to get someone of his fame, such as say, Stephan Hawking. Other guests include other Apollo astronauts, one cosmonaut, a “militant atheist,” two rock stars, and a couple of Nobel prize winning scientists rounding out the guest list. Over the course of the week they would share their thoughts to about 400 conference attendees and 90 members of the press. Hawking spoke a total of four times, with his Tuesday lecture covered the origin of the universe while his Saturday lecture was on black holes. As he’s done both many times, you may find printed copies on the net. And no, he doesn’t type everything on the spot, but he does select each line from the notes on his computer. In reality it typically takes him about 2 to 3 minutes two compose each sentence. John Mather, 2006 Nobel Prize winner in physics, spoke about the James Webb Space Telescope while his fellow winner, Robert Wilson, covered the “Beginning of all Beginnings.” Wilson is best known for being co-discoverer of the cosmic background radiation left over from the Big Bang, one of the great discoveries in the 20th century. The art segment was given by Dr. Brian May, who had done much of his research work on the island. Oh, and along the way he founded some musical group called “Queen.” Recently, Brian had been doing some fascinating work with creating 3D images of the moon, Mars and other worlds using existing imagery and inspired by of all things, Victorian stereopticons. His love of 3D stills resulted in the creation of the London Stereoscopic Company selling both a simple stereopticon and image collections from past to present including astronomical objects. Dr. Brian May shows off Friday evening, Brian managed to get some musical friends together and hold the “Sonic Universe Concert.” The group included Rick Wakeman from YES who is another space/astronomy lover minus the PhD part. The astronauts included Walt Cunningham from the first manned Apollo mission, Apollo 7, and Charlie Duke from Apollo 16 and the tenth man to walk on the moon. Both were very gracious with their time. Walt covered the notion that we as a culture had become so risk adverse and politically correct that the grand exploration of the Apollo era might not even be possible today. He summed up his talk with the comment that we should all live in a world that allows a “chance of dangerous adventure.” Charlie Duke’s talk came in two parts. The first was about Apollo 16 mission as expected with the thrill of discovery. However he then vectored into his later life and told the story of going from agnostic to Christian believer after his wife emerged out of suicidal period with the help of some Christian friends. The crowd was surprisingly respectful considering the fact that Dawkins had spoke earlier in the week. I was proud of Gen. Duke, told him so and he said “God bless you.” Having a moonwalker say “God bless you” to me made for a nice day. And I hadn’t even sneezed. His and her story is chronicled in the book Moonwalker. Mark Turner of Moonraker There were a number of vendors there, but none so amazing as that from a gentleman named Mark Turner. He makes telescopes. Not just telescopes, but custom designed instruments to order. Not just custom designed instruments to order, but perhaps the most beautiful custom designed instruments to order. How are they beautiful? Until you’ve seen a 4” refractor with a gold-anodized tube and chrome mounting fixtures you will then know that you are in the presence of a real artist. He is currently selling them at cost (about a third of what I had expected) so as to build up a clientele list that can act as his marketing arm. You can go here to see more of his handiwork. Note, that he never learned metal working until 18 months ago. The week ended with a celebration of Alexi Leonov who became first man to walk in space in 1965. Ten years later in 1975 he would command the Soyuz part of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, the first US/USSR joint spaceflight. Alexi Leonov unveiling the Soviet moon program He was charming and very animated as he spoke about the Soviet moon effort, drawing on a large blackboard (yup, very old school), diagrams of the various spacecraft he had worked with. The conference ended with Rick Wakeman playing a couple of beautiful solo-piano pieces he wrote about the cosmos. While there were no definitive announcements about the next Starmus, or if there will be a next one, but I certainly expect one. Cost was surprisingly affordable including the stay at the Ritz itself.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11425
__label__cc	0.617004	0.382996	Joe Bradley American painter Joe Bradley has distinguished himself among the artists of his generation with his mutable approach to art-making. With minimal fuss, Bradley works in series, picking up and discarding styles and oscillating between abstraction and figuration as it suits him. “A retrospective of his work would look like a group show,” wrote dealer and collector Kenny Schachter. Bradley’s first large-scale North American exhibition supports this observation: he is shown moving from expressionistic canvases that record the detritus and spontaneity of the studio environment to subtly figurative send-ups of Minimalist painting, then to starkly primitivistic glyphs drawn in grease pencil on unprimed canvas, followed by modular aluminum sculptures paired with textual directives. This richly illustrated catalog, published to accompany Bradley’s midcareer survey organized by the Albright-Knox Art Gallery in Buffalo, presents the full range of Bradley’s unique approach to language, abstraction and the evolutions of style. Joe Bradley includes reproductions of all works in the exhibition—some 30 paintings, 8 sculptures and 30 drawings—as well as an introductory essay by exhibition organizer Cathleen Chaffee, new scholarly essays, an interview with the artist and an exhibition history. One of the standard-bearers of the polarizing, hard-to-categorize group of contemporary painters that includes such artists as Mark Grotjahn, Nicole Eisenmann, Richard Aldrich, Josh Smith and Michael Williams, Joe Bradley (born 1975) is widely known for his bright abstract paintings and glyph-like drawings. Foreword by Janne Sirén. Texts by Cathleen Chaffee, Dan Nadel, Kim Conaty. Interview by Carroll Dunham. Designed by Christopher Sleboda and Kathleen Sleboda Published by Albright-Knox Art Gallery and D.A.P. Hardcover, 208 pages, 100 color images and 10 b&w, 9 × 12 inches	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11430
__label__cc	0.749303	0.250697	Readers Want to Know…Yucatan Peninsula Lately, I’ve gotten emails from readers asking how I came up with some of the scenes in Yucatan Dead and thought it would be fun to post the photographs that inspired them from my latest trip to Mexico. I’ve found actually traveling and researching a specific area and noting the sights, sounds, smells, and general feel of a place works wonders on my imagination and lends more credibility to the scenes. At the ruins of Ek’ Balam– a true Indiana Jones moment… Before I left on the trip I’d been writing what I thought was going to be a mystery with my character, Kate Jones. This trip was supposed to be for researching a future novel. But Mexico changed all that. And, as I’ve learned, you don’t argue with Mexico. So, my mystery turned into a full-on thriller about the ruthless drug cartels that have destabilized so much of that country. Since I’m a novelist and basically lie for a living, I made up a group of off the grid commandos working deep in the jungle, fighting the cartels. Little did I know at the time, but groups of locals had steadily begun taking up arms against the cartels. Some of these groups have been backed/trained by the CIA and/or the DEA, as well as the Mexican government. Some continue to operate clandestinely. Many are now being hunted by the cartels, and the number of people from several ‘hot’ areas in Mexico who are requesting asylum in the United States has skyrocketed. Although there are still several places deemed by the State Department as safe to travel in Mexico, obviously, there are some areas you should avoid. Driving through Sonora and Sinaloa in an old jeep in the middle of a scathing hot September would be one of them 🙂 El Castillo at Chichen Itza Back to the trip: in the book, I gave one of the drug cartels Kate ends up fighting against the name of El Castillo, which is the name of one of the main structures at the archaeological site of Chichen Itza. Visitors are no longer allowed to climb the pyramid after someone fell to their death a few years back, but it’s still mighty impressive to look at. There’s a scene where Kate stumbles upon an undiscovered Maya site (of which there are said to be hundreds in Mexico and Guatemala) which had a cenote, or fresh water spring hidden beneath decades of jungle growth. It’s a jungle out there… If you look closely, you’ll see an ancient wall underneath all that vegetation… While inland, I stayed at a historic hacienda built on top of an ancient Maya site by the Spaniards in 1523. These Spaniards went so far as to use the stones of a Maya temple for its walls (the hacienda is now run as an eco-tourism resort managed by Maya). In Yucatan Dead, Kate is kidnapped and taken to a hacienda deep in the jungle to meet her nemesis, Roberto Salazar. The description of the place grew from my experience while at the hacienda, and my jumping off point was the entrance (note the brick wall–these were ancient Maya building materials, most likely from the temple that had stood there centuries before). Hands-down, my favorite places were the ancient Maya archaeological sites of Ek’ Balam and Coba (Chichen Itza and Tulum were pretty fantastic, too, but sooo crowded, it was hard to get a good feel for them). The showdown between Kate and Salazar takes place at a fictitious Maya site that I based on a combination of them all. Here’s a bird’s-eye view of Ek’ Balam, one of the most recently discovered sites on the peninsula (yes, those are my hiking shoes): The ruins at Ek’ Balam The next picture is where I got the idea for the entrance to the temple at the top of the pyramid. This is called the Temple of the Jaguar, and is located on the tallest pyramid at the site. You can still climb this structure as well as the rest of the buildings, although I’m not sure how long that will be true. More and more people are discovering the site and the impact of all those tourists on the ancient structures is growing. Temple of the Jaguar (Ek’ Balam) Roughly translated, Ek’ Balam means black jaguar, or bright star jaguar, and the big cat figures prominently in Yucatan Dead. In the photo above, the teeth along the bottom form the lower jaw, depicting the open mouth of a jaguar. Carving of a jaguar There are carvings of winged beings, some sculpted with a distinctly smaller arm, allowing for the Maya belief that people born with physical differences had special powers. Nohoc Mul This picture is of the pyramid at Coba, which you can still climb (as of 2013). It’s the tallest pyramid on the peninsula (138 feet) and when you’re at the top you can see dozens of mounds in the distance that are thought to be undiscovered ancient Maya sites. The view from the top is fantastic, to say the least, and was one of the high points of the trip. A structure with a small room sits at the top of the pyramid, with a carving on the outside depicting the Descending God, an upside down dude with a helmet. He’s also referred to as the Honey God, since honey was one of Coba’s main trade products. No one really knows who or what he represents, but that’s their best guess. An interesting tidbit: many of these sites are connected by what are called sacbes, or raised paved roads (usually white since they were/are covered in limestone and stucco). One of them runs from Coba all the way to the coast and many were used as trade routes between communities. The Observatory at Chichen Itza Another structure referred to in the showdown scene in Yucatan Dead resembles the Observatory at Chichen Itza, which is thought to have been used by the Maya for studying the cosmos. And, of course what pictorial essay about Mexico would be complete without the obligatory Caribbean beach shot? Beach at Tulum The Yucatan Peninsula was one of the most intriguing places I’ve been to and I plan to re-visit the area. It’s relatively safe, although you still need to be on the lookout for the ubiquitous gas station pumping scams and slow-moving farm machinery. Cartel violence has been reported just outside of Cancun, but is miniscule compared to other places in Mexico so don’t worry unnecessarily about going. Victims are generally related to the cartels in some way, either by being in the business or knowing someone in the business. Don’t take stupid chances like walking alone at night, or going into a dangerous area alone (just like when you go anywhere new). Otherwise, the Mexican people are warm and welcoming folks, and will treat you well if you treat them the same. Mexico is a fabulous country to visit and has many, many faces. I guarantee if you keep an open mind, you’ll enjoy what it has to offer. This entry was posted on Monday, October 21st, 2013 at 11:49 am and tagged with Chichen Itza, Coba, Ek Balam, Kate Jones, research, travel, Tulum, Writing, Yucatan Dead, Yucatan Peninsula and posted in characters, Kate Jones, nature, readers want to know, research, travel, writing, writing life. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. « Awesome Authors–Kathy Rowe Awesome Authors–Denise Hartman »	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11431
__label__cc	0.538988	0.461012	View from India: Surge in new technology IP and patents illustrate India’s potential Image credit: Dreamstime/composite By Kavitha Srinivasa Published Monday, May 13, 2019 India is on course to become one of the leading hubs for innovation, research and development (R&D), with the intellectual property (IP) industry also showing huge potential for growth as a result. Companies in India are creating IP assets in the US, one of the most popular locations for filing patents. All this and more was revealed in the recent Nasscom report, ‘Emerging technologies: leading the next wave of IP creation for India.’ As the report highlights, India domiciled companies filed over 4,600 patents in the US between 2015 and 2018. A majority of these patents were in the technology domain. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been the fastest growing area, followed by Internet of Things (IoT). The share of technology patents has consistently increased from 51 per cent in 2015 to 64.8 per cent in 2017-18. Within the technology patents, the share of emerging technologies has also witnessed a consistent growth, from 38.3 per cent in 2015 to 56.3 per cent in 2017-18. However, the share of computer and communication technology patents witnessed a decline. AI leads the emerging technologies patent race both in terms of total number of patents (330), as well as growth over the period 2015-18. Machine learning was the leading sub-domain in AI, with over 70 per cent share. Apart from AI, there has been a consistent growth on building IP in other emerging tech domains. Patents have been filed in areas like cyber security (193), IoT (107) and cloud computing (88), accounting for over 50 per cent of the tech patents filed in 2017/18. Authentication, sensors and cloud management were the leading sub-domains in cyber security, IOT and cloud computing respectively. Over the past few years, start-ups have contributed to the IT-BPM industry by building new innovative products and services. As per the report, in the period from 2015-18, Indian start-ups have filed nearly 200 patents in the US, the majority of which have been focused on emerging technology areas including image processing, AI, cyber security, vehicle technology and IoT. Amongst the companies filing patents is MuSigma Business Solutions Pvt Ltd, which has filed a patent for guided analytics system and method in the AI category. MuSigma has filed multiple patent applications in the field of data analytics, specific to the domain of analysing data sets to generate models using machine learning and provide solutions to the business problem using the generated models. Magnasoft Consulting India Private Ltd, meanwhile, leveraged the various dimensions of IoT to arrive at a wearable device for a child. Magnasoft has filed patents in the field of wearable electronic communication devices, where the wearable communication device enables a child to communicate with parents and friends, without using mobile phones. A proprietary IoT platform helps harness location, communication and mobility in a light and simple to use format. The growing demand for data mining encouraged MphasiS Ltd to pursue it. The company’s research led them to a system and method for optimising the aggregation and analysis of data across multiple data sources to provide an intelligent decision. Mphasis has filed patent applications in data mining and analysis for intelligent decision making. Energy management is a challenge and requires intelligent solutions for optimising resources. The team at Mahindra Susten Pvt. Ltd, (formerly Mahindra Epc Services Pvt Ltd.) has created a system which intelligently and optimally controls power utilisation from hybrid energy sources. The company has filed patents in the field of intelligent and optimally controlled power utilisation from hybrid energy sources, which maximises the use of a renewable source of energy. Warehouse management requires error-free operation. While warehouses have always been manned by a workforce, today robots are being sought at different levels for better consolidated outcomes. With this in mind, Hi-Tech Robotic Systemz Ltd has conceptualised a warehouse management system. The company works in the field of robotic systems and has filed patents related to using autonomous mobile robots in a warehouse management system. Many other companies have created innovative solutions to address specific requirements and newer application areas, including cyber security, digital payments, e-commerce and navigation - all of which are contributing to India’s patent growth story. “It has been phenomenal to witness advancements and technological innovation and human intellect with the volume of patents being recorded over the years. Innovation is the key to driving transformation and such patents and trademarks are a testimony to this transformational growth,” said Debjani Ghosh, president, Nasscom. As a country, India can further strengthen its potential as an innovation hub through more investments in research and strategic collaborations. With over 4,600 patents filed in the last four years, and the increasing trend of patents in emerging tech areas, India is confidently moving forward on its innovation growth journey. view from india View from India: Connectivity and EVs primed to drive economic growth Lovebirds’ aerial antics could inform flying bot design Culham, Abingdon £55,610 - £62,197 (inclusive of MPP) + excellent benefits including outstanding pension scheme View from India: Budget gives Startups a boost Climate scientists emphatic about replanting trees to tackle global temperature View from India: National call to conserve water resources UK to commit £193m to climate change technology research Huawei's tough IP strategy set to continue 3D holograms help bring astronomy to life	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11434
__label__cc	0.613784	0.386216	About MME Invest in Engineering Education B.S. in Mechanical Engineering Study Stop -Tutoring Current Undergraduate Student Scholarships UNL Bulletin / Degree Requirements The Fundamentals of Engineering exam Waitlist - Fall 2019 Fellowships / Assistantships Graduate Student Assocation Focus Themes City Campus (Lincoln) jbarton1@unl.edu Academic Degrees Ph.D., 1980, Stanford University M.S., 1974, Stanford University B.S., 1973, University of Missouri-Columbia Areas of Research and Professional Interest Laser beam/particle interactions Electromagnetic wave theory High temperature gas dynamics Fluid mechanics, experimental methods Data acquisition and analysis About John Barton Dr. Barton joined the Department of Mechanical Engineering in 1986. Prior to coming to UNL, he taught mechanical engineering at the University of Missouri-Columbia. Dr. Barton is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), Optical Society of America (OSA), Tua Beta Pi and Sigma Xi. Barton, J.P., "Electromagnetic Field for a Focused Light Sheet Incident on a Plane Surface," Journal of Optical Society of America, 2005. Barton, J.P., Wolff, N.L., Zhang, H., and Tarawneh, C., "Near-Field Calculations for a Rigid Spheroid with an Arbitrary Incident Acoustic Field," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 113, pp. 1216-1222, 2003. Barton, J.P., "Electromagnetic Field Calculations for an Irregularly Shaped, Near-Spheroidal Particle with Arbitrary Illumination," Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Vol. 19, No. 12, pp. 2429-2435, 2002. Barton, J.P., "Internal, Near-Surface, and Scattered Electromagnetic Fields for a Layered Spheroid with Arbitrary Illumination," Applied Optics, Vol. 40, No. 21, pp. 3598-3607, 2001. Barton, J.P., "Electromagnetic Fields for a Spheroidal Particle wth an Arbitrary Embedded Source," Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 458-464, 2000. Barton, J.P., "Far-Field Scattering for a Spheroidal Particle with Randomly Oriented and Spatially Distributed Sources," Proceedings of the 2000 Scientific Conference on Obscuration and Aerosol Research, U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, 2000. Barton, J.P., "Electromagnetic Fields for a Spheroidal Particle with an Embedded Source: Effects of Multipole Order," Proceedings of the 1999 Scientific Conference on Obscuration and Aerosol Research, U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, 1999. Haque, Z. and Barton, J.P., "A Theoretical Tool to Predict the Effects of Chemical Kinetics on Sound Propagation Within High Temperature Hydrocarbon Combustion Products," ASME Paper No. 99-GT-276, International Gas Turbine & Aeroengine Congress, Indianapolis, Indiana, June 7-10, 1999. Lin, H.B., Campillo, A.J. and Barton, J.P., "Excitation Localization Principle for Whispering-Gallery Mode Microcavities," Optics & Phonics News, Vol. 10, No. 12, pp. 20-21, 1999. Barton, J.P., "The Effects of Surface Perturbations on the Quality (Q) and the Focused Beam Excitation of Microsphere Resonance," Journal of the Optical Society of America A, August 1999. Barton, J.P., "Internal and Near-Surface Electromagnetic Fields for an Infinite Cylinder Illuminated by an Arbitrary Focused Beam," Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Vol. 16, pp. 160-166, 1999. Lin, H.B., Eversol, J.D., Campillo, A.J. and Barton, J.P., "Excitation Localization Principle for Spherical Microcavities," Optics Letters, Vol. 23, pp. 1921-1923, 1998. Barton, J.P., "Electromagnetic Field Calculations for a Sphere Illuminated by a Higher-Order Gaussian Beam. II. Far-Field Scattering," Applied Optics, Vol. 37, pp. 3339-3344, 1998. Barton, J.P., "Light Scattering Calculations for Irregularly-Shaped Axisymmetric Particles of Homogeneous and Layered Composition," Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 9, pp. 151-160, 1998. Barton, J.P., "Theoretical Demonstration of the Localization Principle for a Focused Light Sheet Incident Upon an Infinite Cylinder," Proceedings of the 1998 Scientific Conference on Obscuration and Aerosol Research, U.S. Army Edgewood Research Development & Engineering Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, 1998. Barton, J.P., "Systematic Far-Field Scattering Calculations for Prolate and Oblate Spheroids with Axis Ratios from 1.3 to 4.0," Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on Optical Particle Sizing, Minneapolis, Minnesota, pp. 45-48, 1998. Barton, J.P., "Electromagnetic Field Calculations for a Sphere Illuminated by a Higher-Order Gaussian Beam. I. Internal and Near-Field Effects," Applied Optics, Vol. 36, pp. 1303-1311, 1997. Barton, J.P., "Electromagnetic Field Calculations for Irregularly-Shaped, Layered Cylindrical Particles with Focused Illumination," Applied Optics, Vol. 36, pp. 1312-1319, 1997. Barton, J.P., "Calculated Forward and Backward Light Scattering Patterns for Irregularly-Shaped Particles," Proceedings of the 1997 Scientific Conference on Obscuration and Aerosol Research, U.S. Army Edgewood Research Development & Engineering Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, 1997. Full Month View Submit an Event W342 NH @MMEUNLon facebook @UNL_MMEon twitter unl_mmeon instagram Nebraska Engineering Alumnion linkedin Videos on UNL MediaHub	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11444
__label__cc	0.672428	0.327572	ENVIR Advocaten is the specialist in the fields of administrative law and environmental law. Marieke Kaajan is a partner and one of the founders of ENVIR Advocaten. She specialises in administrative law, with a focus on environmental law and nature conservation law. As a lawyer, Marieke takes a highly practical approach. Also thanks to her experience with complex projects and knowledge of government processes, she can adapt easily to changing circumstances and quickly determines which approach will make the case truly move along. Marieke worked at Stibbe as a lawyer for 13 years in the administrative law and environmental law department. Fleur Onrust is a partner and one of the founders of ENVIR Advocaten. Fleur Onrust worked as an administrative law lawyer at Stibbe for 10 years. Fleur specialises in environmental law, focusing primarily on species protection under the Nature Conservation Act (formerly the Flora and Fauna Act), the Environmental Permitting (General Provisions) Act and administrative spatial planning and zoning law. In addition, Fleur is often involved in general administrative law, in particular subsidy regulations, enforcement issues and administrative procedural law. In addition, she is also active as an attorney in (public) healthcare, education and culture, where she deals with questions and procedures related to subsidies, permits or other types of government regulation. Iris Kieft is a partner of ENVIR Advocaten who advises companies, developers and government bodies on planning and environmental aspects of development projects, consenting and transactions. Iris has a particular focus on planning and (environmental) consenting in the Dutch energy & infrastructure and real estate sectors. Her practice also includes climate change and sustainable development. As an attorney, Iris is creative and committed. She enjoys supporting her clients in successfully navigating complex legal and environmental challenges. Iris worked for 9 years in the administrative law department and energy sector group of De Brauw Blackstone Westbroek. Prior to joining ENVIR Advocaten in 2018, Iris worked in the Real Estate & Construction department and energy sector group of CMS Netherlands. Erwin Noordover is a partner of ENVIR Advocaten. He is specialized in general and European administrative law, with a focus on environmental, planning and nature conservation law. Erwin advises and litigates on behalf of both government bodies and developers on (sustainable) energy and nature conservation issues relating to wind and solar farms, energy transition, and scarce rights or subsidies for sustainable energy production. Erwin is practical and solution-oriented, with a keen eye for potential opportunities and risks and the best stage of a project to address these. Before Erwin became a partner at ENVIR Advocaten, he worked for more than 10 years as a lawyer at Stibbe in the administrative and environmental law section. Derek Sietses is a partner of ENVIR Advocaten. Derek’s expertise covers administrative law, including environmental law, EHS matters and nature conservation law, as well as civil law, including contracts liability matters. Derek has extensive experience in complex, politically sensitive cases, both representing local authorities, including municipalities, provinces and enforcement agencies, and companies and developers. Derek is practical and efficient and brings a strategic and commercial approach to the table when assisting his clients. He is therefore well-placed to help his clients successfully navigate the complex legal context in which they operate. The practice is conducted by ENVIR Advocaten B.V. (registered with the Trade Register of the Chamber of Commerce under number 60582146). ENVIR Advocaten B.V.’s General Terms and Conditions are applicable and contain a limitation of liability as well as a reference to the applicable office complaints scheme. Our general terms and conditions can be found here. Cookie statement - Privacy Statement - Disclaimer.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11447
__label__wiki	0.973578	0.973578	Related Bios Dusty Lopez Jamie Norton Peter Farwell Title: Head Coach Men's/Women's Cross Country Email: pfarwell@williams.edu Pete Farwell is the head coach of the men's and women's cross country teams at Williams (men since 1979 and women since 2000). In December of 2017, Peter Farwell was inducted into the United States Track & Field Cross Country Coaches Association Hall of Fame. Through the 2016 season his men's teams have won 13 New England regional titles plus five runners-up and four thirds, 15 NESCAC titles and 8 ECAC titles, garnering Farwell nine regional coach of the year honors, most recently for the 2015 and 2013 seasons. He was named 1994 National Coach of the Year after leading the Williams men to the first of its two NCAA championships. In 2015, Farwell's Eph men's team finished second at the NCAA Championships, just nine points from the title, while his Eph women's team won the NCAA title by a margin of 98 points. The combined finish of the 2015 Eph teams was the best combined finish in Eph history. Since 1993 the men's teams have finished in the top ten 17 times: 1st, 1st, 2nd, 2nd 3rd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 5th, 5th, 6th, 6th, 7th, 7th, 9th, 9th and 10th at the NCAA championship meet. Since Farwell's first year as head coach in 1979, he has had 24 individual All-Americans who have accumulated 38 All-American honors. Farwell took over the reins of the women's cross country team in 2000, and the Ephs won the NCAA title in 2002, 2004 and 2015 and have recorded four runner-up finishes (most recent in 2013), two 3rds, three 4ths, a 5th, and two 8th's for 15 top eight placings in the past 17 years! His women's teams have won four New England regional titles, including 2015 to go with nine runners-up finishes and two thirds, seven NESCAC titles and five ECAC titles, and he has been chosen women's regional coach of the year four times (most recently in 2015), NESCAC Coach of the Year four times, and National Coach of the Year thrice in 2002, 2004 & 2015. Altogether he has coached 24 men harriers to 38 All-American finishes (including two national champions) and 19 women to 29 All-American finishes (including one national champion). At the regional level four Ephmen have captured six individual championships, and eight of the men have taken runner-up honors 10 times. Under Farwell, six Eph women have captured nine individual regional championships. Bringing to the sport a Williams ('73) liberal arts undergraduate education combined with a scientific knowledge of physiology (M.A. in P.E. Coaching, Central Michigan University '90), Coach Farwell has devised a training plan that improves runners of all levels. His devotion to every athlete on the team helps make Williams one of the deepest Division III teams in the nation. Farwell's 23-year competitive experience included a 23rd-place finish (2:20) at the Boston Marathon and the 6-mile Williams school record. Farwell was head coach of the Williams men's and women's track & field team from 1988 to 2001 and also in 2008 and 2013, being honored 15 times (11 for men's team, five for women's team) as New England Division III Coach of the Year. In 1995 he was named Men's National Coach of the Year. Other years he has served as assistant track coach of the distance runners 1980-1987 and 2002 to the present. While track was under his leadership the teams won nine indoor and 11 outdoor New England titles for the men plus six indoor and nine outdoor titles for the women, 11 men's and 10 women's NESCAC titles, four men's and six women's ECAC titles, and at the NCAA Championships the men placed 2nd twice and seven times in the top 10 while the women garnered 10 top 10 NCAA finishes, highlighted by two 3rds. Altogether he has coached 83 different track All-Americans to 199 All-American performances, plus relay members (10 men's and 10 women's All-American relays). These totals include 27 distance women (57 awards) and 20 distance men (42 awards), 18 women and 18 men in other events (for 40 women awards and 37 men's), including 22 national champion performances (by 11 different athletes and one relay: seven women distance, five men distance, six women and four men).	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11448
__label__wiki	0.552598	0.552598	Tag: Writing Friday Feedback As a columnist, it often feels like I’m sending my thoughts out into the darkness. If they make a splash, I never hear it. It was different when I was reporting full-time. Back then I’d be in front of the selectmen every week, and if someone didn’t like what I wrote I’d hear about it almost immediately. As a columnist, however, it’s different. You get pulled aside in the grocery store sometimes, but only if people know who you are. They read your stuff, but at the end of the day you don’t have much of an idea how people react. And then today happens. I was looking for a few stories to send to an editor, so I went onto the Conway Daily Sun website and plugged in my last name. The following letter popped up: Reading a recent edition I couldn’t help but think about the time that has passed since The Conway Daily Sun started publishing in 1989. Mark and Adam should be proud of their creation. I worked on their cars in the 1990s and got to know them well enough to respect them and their efforts. I, for one, want to thank them for producing a quality product and giving it away. I look forward to them continuing to “stir the pot.” I read Erik Eisele’s column “We the people” with great interest and another recent column by Eisele, “Conway Daily Firestarter,” where he wrote about being close to his audience and the commentary and feedback that comes with that. He is a courageous individual, and I commend him for his honesty. In “We the people,” he identifies three subject areas; money, religion and government. Difficult to argue that they are primary issues in most people’s lives. I believe his last two paragraphs offer a concise explanation of the problems that have festered in the three subject areas and the only solution that has any hope of success in the survival of this noble experiment. Personal responsibility begins with the understanding that “We the people,” all of us, collectively have the obligation to make this work. It starts with a conversation. Peter O’Brien Fryeburg, Maine In the media world today budgets are tight. These columns don’t pay a ton, but they are a chance to write what I see, to write about things I think are important. It feels nice to read those things are important to other people as well. In the same search, meanwhile, I also discovered another recent letter to the editor: Before I criticize Erik Eisele, let me compliment him on being a wonderful, energetic reporter who covers a lot of ground and does it very well. Now my complaint about his column, “We The People,” Dec. 7, in which he laments that many human constructs ultimately fail and includes religion as one: First, his presumption that humans created religion reflects an unfair bias against and/or at least a shallow understanding of religion. Even unschooled Native Americans attributed religion to a Source outside or above their nature. Second, his urban legends generalizations — that the “The Catholic Church has a history of atrocious acts dating back hundreds of years. Countless wars have religious roots, as did slavery…” — aren’t worthy of a seventh grade composition. There have been wars and atrocities between opposing religions but the Crusades, for example, aimed to free people oppressed and attacked in the Holy Land, much as is occurring now. When Crusades exceeded that mantra they did not do so because of the Gospel, but in spite of it. In regard to slavery, St. Paul urged slaves to be obedient so they could survive and be freed, which subsequent emperors encouraged. Spartacus revolted and cost 6,000 lives. At the time of Christ, up to 90 percent of the population was enslaved and it wasn’t because of religion but rather primitive economics. The clear thrust of Judao-Christian teaching is freedom from sin and other subjugation. So, what difference does religion make? Every day, the Catholic Church feeds, clothes, shelters and educates more people than any other private organization in the world. The Catholic Church is credited with starting formal education and teaches 3 million students daily in more than 250 colleges and 1,200 high schools and 5,000 grade schools without government support. Catholic nuns opened the first hospitals and orphanages and today one out of six people receive care at Catholic hospitals. During the Civil War most nurses were Catholic nuns. The sisters of Charity ran a hospital in New Orleans where the plasma system was developed, and it has saved perhaps millions of lives. Religion serves a salutary purpose and urban legends do not. John F. Donovan Mr. Donovan felt compelled to take issue with my perspective, but he opened with a compliment of how much he appreciates my work as a reporter. That is EXACTLY the sort of conversation I hope to be a part of. I do not expect my writings to always be right. Heck, they probably hardly ever are. But they are meant, as Mr. O’Brien said, to start a conversation. And Mr. Donovan did exactly that. He used my ramblings as a starting point to engage in conversation. America is the richer for such discourse, as no single person has the wherewithal to make the best decisions for a land of 330 million. I couldn’t help for a better exemplification of democratic ideals. With this much awesomeness, it feels like the weekend… By erikeiselein Conway Daily Sun, journalism, Writing January 6, 2017 January 4, 2017 914 WordsLeave a comment From the Backseat: What makes a Millionaire? Is Donald Trump a good businessman? I mean, he’s rich. But is he rich because his family was rich? Because his dad made a lot of money in real estate back in the day? Or is he rich because his entrepreneurial ventures have been successful? Is he good at his job? That’s the question. I know lots of people already have answers. His supporters say he’s clearly a billionaire with a business empire, and therefore my question is dumb. His opponents say he was born rich, and it is his string of failed businesses — casinos, an airline, a university, meat products — that make my question dumb. But these are partisan answers. I’m looking for something different. I’m looking for a nuanced definition of entrepreneurship, of risking it in business and seeing new ideas take, and then to compare that definition to the president-elect’s record. I don’t know a lot about being an entrepreneur, but I know it requires a willingness to fail. No one comes up with a brilliant idea first go, and no one learns everything they need to know to be successful in college or an MBA program. It takes experience, and experience is just a gentle word for failure. Success is built on foundations of failure, and it’s only in hindsight that the failures look like inevitable lessons along the way. Maybe that’s what Donald Trump’s casinos, airline, university and steaks were — a trail of lessons. Maybe Trump was already rich, so unlike some guy selling widgets out of his garage, his failures were bound to be public and spectacular. The fact is, I don’t know. It’s almost Inauguration Day and I don’t have a clue. That wasn’t how America approached this election. There were those with undying support willing to look past his failures, and there were those who dismissed him completely, laying his successes at the feet of his father. I imagine it’s more complex than that. Surely, Trump has both made money and lost money. But my question is whether the rate at which he made it leans closer to success or failure. Then again, maybe Trump’s goal all along wasn’t money, but power. If that’s the case, his past seems to have definitely been worthwhile. There’s no doubt he was successful at getting elected the most powerful position in the land. That, however, strays from my point. Is Trump, the businessman (versus Trump, the politician) successful? He sold himself as a businessman — and America bought. But is he a good one? It feels like a question someone should have asked, but never did. There must be a business professor out there, or a handful of business professors, who can explain what a normal failure rate for entrepreneurs looks like. There has to be someone able to contrast that with the record of the president-elect. Is he doing well for himself? Did he do poorly? Is he at the top of the game? The middle? The bottom? These are questions we’ve stopped asking. This election left so little space for issues, so little time for a hard look at resumes. Instead, we scrutinized temperament and character, talked border walls and Muslim bans, bickered about emails and tax returns. We never took a step back to ask basic questions about who was running. We engaged in partisan conversation, and the only clues to whether or not Donald Trump was a successful businessman came from looking at those who support him and those who opposed. Now, here we are in January, and it’s still not really clear who we elected. That seems a poor recipe for success. This column appeared in this week’s Portland Phoenix. By erikeiselein journalism, Portland Phoenix, Writing January 4, 2017 January 4, 2017 627 WordsLeave a comment From the Backseat: New Traditions, Holiday edition I visited my niece at school last week. She’s nine and in the fourth grade. It was a holiday open house, and family was invited. Every student in the class had put together a diorama on holiday traditions, and families were welcome to come walk around the room to see how different households celebrate holidays. There were Christmas trees, Christmas cookies, strings of Christmas lights, elves on shelves, and more. Each diorama included a short history of the tradition highlighted, a smattering of interesting facts about it, and a personal narrative about how it looked in that student’s particular home. And it wasn’t just Christmas — one little boy’s tradition was tacos on Easter. Another boy wrote about snowball fights. Another wrote about his birthday, which falls the day after Christmas. A little girl wrote about raking leaves in Autumn and jumping in the leaf pile. This was a celebration of all kinds of holidays and all kinds of traditions. Several students chose to highlight their favorite holiday food, Eid cookies and Eid cake, sweet treats to celebrate Eid al-Fitr, the Muslim religious holiday that marks the end of Ramadan. I was familiar with Ramadan, the Muslim holy month of fasting, but I’d never heard of Eid al-Fitr. And I’d certainly never heard of purpose-built cookies or cake to accompany it. But for several students, it was their chosen tradition. One family brought in two Eid cakes for people to sample. The student, a little girl, sat smiling as her dad offered everyone a second and third slice. Her mom stood on the other side, also smiling, her head wrapped in a hijab. I remember my own versions of these elementary school dioramas. It wasn’t that long ago, in a school much like my niece’s. But in 1990s Maine there were far fewer brown and black faces, and even fewer Muslims. Almost every featured tradition showcased a Christmas theme — wreaths, mistletoe, Christmas trees, etc. Maybe someone would stretch so far as to highlight the Fourth of July or share a New Year’s tradition, but in all the years no one shared anything about Eid al-Fitr, Ramadan, or the Hajj. Before last week I’d never heard about or seen, much less tasted, an Eid cake. A teacher might bring up Hanukkah, but the only Jewish student was a grade below so even those traditions remained a mystery. The worlds of Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and other non-European religions never made an appearance — my first introduction to Islam didn’t come until I read The Autobiography of Malcolm X in high school. Buddhism came around the same time, through Herman Hesse’s Siddhartha. Other religions like these were always embodied by books, not people. It took until adulthood for them to become as real as the people I would meet throughout my life. My niece, however, will be spared such ignorance. Her world is more diverse than mine. Her best friend, whose diorama was set up right next door to hers, is black. A number of her classmates are Muslim. Several of the girls wore headscarves, as did parents and family members who came in to visit. To her, these differences in culture and religious belief have faces. They are people, not just ideas. She interacts with them every day, plays with them at recess, collaborates with them on assignments. They are her friends. It is a level of diversity I would not have imagined existed inside a Maine classroom, the sort of cultural education Mainers a generation ago could not access. It gives me hope. I walked into my niece’s classroom and saw the promise of mutual appreciation, the possibility of a shared interest in the diverse cultures. Because what is school for but to learn? To learn about the world around us. Few books are as interesting as learning from life. And that is the gift my nine-year-old niece gets — a global education, right here in Maine. That might be my new favorite tradition. This column appeared in the Portland Phoenix. By erikeiselein Portland Phoenix, Writing January 2, 2017 December 29, 2016 678 WordsLeave a comment	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11452
__label__cc	0.597712	0.402288	Federal Law and Regulations on Opting Out Under ESSA (Updated February 2018) Submitted by fairtest on January 24, 2017 - 4:12am (NOTE: For a print formatted PDF of this fact sheet click here) The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) requires that states assess 95% of all students, and 95% of each “subgroup” in every school with federally mandated annual state tests in English and math. It says that in calculating average school test scores, a school must include in the denominator the greater of either all test takers, or 95% of eligible test takers. If more than 5% of students are not tested, the lowest possible score will be assigned to non-test takers beyond 5%. This reduces the average score for such schools. In addition, ESSA says each state must, in its plan for ESSA implementation, “Provide a clear and understandable explanation of how the State will factor the requirement…into the statewide accountability system.” States have responded in a variety of ways. A few have tried to avoid implementing this policy, but the U.S. Department of Education (DoE) has not approved such plans. In general, states have decided to do one of three things: Compile two lists of schools, one with the 95%+ denominator and one with only students who took the test. The intent seems to be to use the latter in deciding which schools receive interventions, but states taking this position have been vague about what they will actually do. It seems they don’t want to penalize districts in which parents choose to opt out, nor do they want to distribute ESSA improvement funds to districts that have low scores solely due to opting out. (States must provide support or intervention to schools that perform poorly; see http://fairtest.org/State-ESSA-Plans-Report-2018.) Require districts with low participation to develop a plan to increase the number of test-takers. Some of these states may employ differing interventions based on whether the low rating is due to opting out or actual low scores. Add penalties for districts that opt out, such as lowering the school a level on the state’s ratings, on top of any lowering caused by not meeting the 95% requirement. This further penalizes schools for the actions of parents and students. In all of this, some states are ignoring their own laws explicitly stating that parents can opt their children out, policies supported in ESSA itself. They are declaring, in effect, that you can opt out but we will penalize your school if you do. What can parents, students and their allies do? The best way to fight back is to increase opting out. In New York, widespread refusal has rendered state testing data useless. Recognizing this, New York is compiling two lists under its approved plan. While it has not specified how it will use them, officials have made clear they will not use opt out rates to punish schools or districts. New Jersey has a similar approach, though also vague. Four states that have tried to not penalize refusals – Colorado, New Jersey, New York and Utah – have sizeable opt out rates. Test reformers need to fight efforts to penalize schools due to opting out. State support or interventions should be done only on the basis of actual educational or financial need, not test refusal. Louisiana’s approved plan, for example, does not say it will do anything to schools based on opting out. New York is likely to ask districts to call on parents to take the tests (the “improvement” effort), but in the past many superintendents have refused to do so, and facing large numbers, the state is unlikely to take further action. Thus, based on a few approved state plans, activists can demand that state policies be changed so that they: Develop a second list based only on actual test takers Use the list with actual test takers in determining support or intervention, and Impose no additional penalties on schools with high opt out rates. (The exception would be to monitor schools non-participation rates to ensure that schools are not pushing likely low-scorers, such as students with disabilities, out of the testing pool.) To win these changes, as with other testing reforms, will require responsive state officials. Those who do not support significant assessment reform should be replaced with officials, elected or appointed, who do. ESSA language on testing rates, accountability and opting out Testing rates and accountability 1003(b)(2) is the section (‘paragraph’) requiring testing. 1003(c) is the section on accountability. Within that: ‘‘(E) ANNUAL MEASUREMENT OF ACHIEVEMENT.—(i) Annually measure the achievement of not less than 95 percent of all students, and 95 percent of all students in each subgroup of students, who are enrolled in public schools on the assessments described under subsection (b)(2)(v)(I). ‘‘(ii) For the purpose of measuring, calculating, and reporting on the indicator described in subparagraph (B)(i) [FT: the statewide test indicator], include in the denominator the greater of— ‘‘(I) 95 percent of all such students, or 95 percent of all such students in the subgroup, as the case may be; or ‘‘(II) the number of students participating in the assessments. ‘‘(iii) Provide a clear and understandable explanation of how the State will factor the requirement of clause (i) of this subparagraph into the statewide accountability system.” 1111(b)(2)(K): “RULE OF CONSTRUCTION ON PARENT RIGHTS.— “Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed as preempting a State or local law regarding the decision of a parent to not have the parent’s child participate in the academic assessments under this paragraph.” 1112(e)(2): “TESTING TRANSPARENCY.— “(A) IN GENERAL.—At the beginning of each school year, a local educational agency that receives funds under this part shall notify the parents of each student attending any school receiving funds under this part that the parents may request, and the local educational agency will provide the parents on request (and in a timely manner), information regarding any State or local educational agency policy regarding student participation in any assessments mandated by section 1111(b)(2) and by the State or local educational agency, which shall include a policy, procedure, or parental right to opt the child out of such assessment, where applicable.” FairTest’s report, State ESSA Plans: Uneven Progress toward Better Assessment and Accountability, which reviews the first 16 approved plans, is available at LINK ESSA is available at: https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-114s1177enr/pdf/BILLS-114s1177enr.pdf. State ESSA plans are available at: https://www2.ed.gov/admins/lead/account/stateplan17/statesubmission.html. If DoE required changes before approval, the revised plan is posted after approval. If it has not been, search a state’s education department website. See also Just Say No to Standardized Tests and Why You Can Boycott Standardized Tests without Fear of Federal Financial Penalties to Your School, on the web at http://www.fairtest.org/fact%20sheets. ESSA-95-percent-Participation-Rate-Fact-Sheet.pdf 659.91 KB	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11454
__label__wiki	0.705072	0.705072	dariusfrench 2019 \| PG-13 \| 181 Minutes Action \| Adventure \| Science Fiction After the devastating events of Avengers: Infinity War, the universe is in ruins due to the efforts of the Mad Titan, Thanos. With the help of remaining allies, the Avengers must assemble once more... We have truly reached the end of an era with Avengers: Endgame. Everything we know from the previous MCU flicks come to a boiling point here and it is a glorious and damn near indescribable finale to the past 11 years. Acting is at the top of its game (with one exception), characters are relatable and or likable in a way, the action sequences especially the final battle is everything an Avengers fan would want, its fan service is serviceable overload, the tone is coherent, the screenplays consistent, the pacing is tight, every shock and awe moment got me shaking and gripping my seat and while the story can get convoluted, it has a more dense structure with a complex narrative combined with a bigger emotional sense of virtue and respect for the past, the present and the inevitable future. So if anything, Endgame is more a grounded film than its predecessor. Even then, the film isn’t perfect because what film is? Some deus ex machina moments are present, one particular character appears only to not be seen again and it can be debated that the very ending can be a plot hole but the pro’s of this movie greatly Hulk smash the cons into submissions. This has got to be the equivalent of a big fat “Thank You” letter curtesy of Marvel themselves; a movie that feels like it was made by the fans, for the fans. It made me laugh, it made me cry, it made me cheer like crazy for it was the simply.......inevitable. You have left me beautifully broken yet fulfilled nonetheless. Thank you Russo’s.......thank you, Robert Downey Jr, Chris Evans, Scarlet Johansson, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Hemsworth, Jermey Renner and the entire cast of Avengers Endgame.......thank you for making 11 long years of my childhood and our lives worth it.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11459
__label__wiki	0.956142	0.956142	Declassified : UFO & Secret Government Group ~ Nick Redfern Date: 10-17-10 Host: George Knapp Guests: Nick Redfern UFO researcher Nick Redfern joined George Knapp to talk about a secret group within the U.S. government known as the Collins Elite, who believe our purported alien visitors are actually deceptive demonic entities. Redfern first learned of the group's existence through Ray Boeche, an Anglican priest, and former director of Nebraska's MUFON. Boeche said back in 1991 he met with two men from the Defense Dept. who told him about a secret project to contact NHE's (non-human entities). They showed him photographs of people who allegedly died during experiments while contacting the NHEs, and contended that the beings they communicated with were simply masquerading as ETs. Eventually, Redfern interviewed a man in his 80s named Richard Duke, who claimed to be a member of the Collins Elite up until 1960, and recalled many specific details about the group. The group took its inspiration from occultist Aleister Crowley's ritual in which he reportedly made contact with an interdimensional entity named Lam. Later, in the 1940s, rocket scientist Jack Parsons engaged in similar experiments trying to invoke a being, and subsequent UFO sightings may have been enabled through his opening of a portal, the group believed. According to Duke, the Collins Elite also suspected that various contactees in the 1950s, such as George Hunt Williamson, who used a Oujia board for ET communications, were experiencing demonic deceptions. In the 1960s, the Collins Elite examined a number of NDE reports, such as one in which deceased humans moved through a hellish landscape as a UFO-type craft hovered overhead, extracting their souls with a ball of light, Redfern detailed. "They eventually came to the conclusion...that the human soul possesses some sort of energy, which these entities can use as sustenance...In other words, they're harvesting human souls," he said, adding that the group believed that a strong religious viewpoint, such as Christian fundamentalism could keep the demonic entities at bay.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11460
__label__wiki	0.612427	0.612427	Ranking Member Howard L. Berman’s Opening Statement at Hearing, “Reforming the United Nations: Lessons Learned” “Any honest assessment of the United Nations would have to conclude that the organization, very far from perfect, plays an important and often essential role in supporting U.S. foreign policy and national security interests.” – Congressman Howard L. Berman Washington, DC – Congressman Howard L. Berman, Ranking Democrat on the House Foreign Affairs Committee, delivered the following opening statement at today’s committee hearing entitled “Reforming the United Nations: Lessons Learned” Madam Chairman, I’d like to thank you for calling this hearing today, and our witnesses for agreeing to appear before the Committee. As I noted at our previous hearing on this subject, the flaws, shortcoming and outrages of the United Nations both past and present are numerous and sometimes flagrant. The Human Rights Council’s obsession with and biased treatment of Israel, the failure to adequately resource the Office of Internal Oversight Services, contracting scandals, and lax management standards which have allowed taxpayer dollars to be squandered should anger Members of this Committee, Republican and Democratic alike. But these problems, while serious, don’t even begin to tell the whole story. Any honest assessment of the United Nations would have to conclude that the organization, very far from perfect, plays an important and often essential role in supporting U.S. foreign policy and national security interests. From UNDP’s work organizing the recent referendum in Sudan, to UNHCR’s efforts to protect and resettle refugees fleeing the violence in Libya, to the Security Council resolution imposing tougher sanctions on Iran, the UN serves as a force multiplier for U.S. interests. So what should we do to address the UN’s shortcomings? Some continue to propose withholding dues as a way to leverage change at the UN. But the fact is, previous attempts to withhold dues simply haven’t produced necessary reforms – and certainly not on the scale of those achieved over the past six years through constructive engagement, like the creation of the UN Ethics office or the Independent Audit Advisory Committee. Instead, witholdings severely weakened our diplomatic standing and made it much more difficult to achieve positive change. For just that reason, the George W. Bush Administration strongly opposed a bill authored by our late colleague Henry Hyde that would have resulted in new withholdings. In a Statement of Administration Policy dated June 16, 2005, they said the legislation would, “detract from and undermine” their efforts to pursue UN reform. Apparently, even the threat of withholdings isn’t enough for many in this body. Two weeks ago, when the House debated the Republican continuing resolution, 177 Members voted for an amendment to prohibit the use of any funds to pay our assessed dues. In effect, that was a vote to withdraw from the UN. I wasn’t aware that the slogan -- “Get the US out of the UN” – was still such a popular one in this country. Others have argued that all of our contributions to the UN should be voluntary. I note with some irony that the advocates of this approach are often the same ones who then support slashing our voluntary contributions to UN agencies – so is this just another guise for withdrawal? Unilaterally moving to a system of all voluntary contributions would also violate our international treaty obligations. I’m pleased that we have two former senior-level Bush Administration officials appearing before the Committee today. In their prepared testimony, both of them are highly critical of the rapid growth in UN budgets, which began at just about the time President Bush took office. Let me offer two possible explanations for this growth. First, the UN budget – like our federal budget – grew rapidly in the years after 9/11, as the UN was asked by the Bush Administration to assume more responsibilities in Iraq, Afghanistan and other countries. And second, during the previous Administration we also saw the largest proliferation of peacekeeping missions in the UN’s history – all of them approved by the US and the other permanent members of the Security Council. These are some important issues worth examining – in contrast to the old allegations about UNDP operations in North Korea, which Mr. Wallace intends to raise. Those allegations were examined in excruciating detail by the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, as well as a US-backed independent panel. While both investigations concluded that UNDP should improve management and accountability, neither found evidence to support spectacular allegations that the organization funneled vast sums of money to the regime in Pyongyang. By recycling discredited old rumors, we diminish our own credibility and miss a valuable opportunity to work in a constructive way to repair what we all agree is a flawed system Madam Chairman, since we are here to discuss the subject of UN reform, I thought it would be appropriate to reflect for a moment on the UN’s response to the political upheaval in the Middle East. Two days ago, we heard from Secretary Clinton about the response of the US and the international community to the crisis in Libya. In fact, she had just arrived back in Washington from Geneva, where she addressed the Human Rights Council at the opening of its March session. As we all know, the anti-Israel vitriol that all too often emanates from the Council and the membership of serious human rights offenders on the Council has been a deep stain on the UN’s reputation. That said, the Council’s unprecedented special session last Friday on Libya, along with the General Assembly’s unanimous decision to remove Libya from the Council, demonstrates that the Administration’s strategy of engagement in Geneva has borne fruit. I am also very encouraged by Secretary Clinton’s determination to put Iran’s reprehensible human rights record on the Council’s agenda this month. It’s worth noting that even Hillel Neur of UN Watch, one of the strongest and most informed critics of the Human Rights Council, and a witness called by the Majority at our previous hearing, does not support withdrawing from or withholding dues to the Council. I look forward to hearing from our witnesses on ways that we can constructively promote reform at the United Nations, recognizing the importance of the institution to U.S. foreign policy and national security. Permalink: https://foreignaffairs.house.gov/2011/3/ranking-member-howard-l-berman-s-opening-statement-hearing-reforming-united	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11464
__label__wiki	0.828219	0.828219	Your browser is too old. To use this website, please use Chrome or Firefox. Some of the most memorable photos ‘aren’t perfect’ By Sarah Ferguson \| December 23, 2018 Jason Haywood. Observer Photo At just 19 years-old, Jason Haywood is a tour-de-force with a list of accomplishments under his belt that takes seasoned professionals years to do. He owns his own business, Jason Haywood Photography, does all the marketing and media for his mom’s business, Bumblebee Consulting, and occasionally teaches aspiring multimedia high school students. When most kids are concerned about figuring out how to navigate the shaky waters of balancing homework and social life during high school, Haywood was doing that too. Except unlike most teens, though, he started his own business at 14 years old, before he was old enough to legally drive a car. Originally from England, Haywood came to live in Fort Erie when his parents, Liz and Andy, decided to move to Canada in 2010. He got his start in photography when he was just 12 years old. It was Christmas when Haywood unwrapped a small compact camera. It might sound cliché, but Haywood says he instantly fell in love with photography. There’s a lot that goes into taking a photo, the science behind it, Haywood explains. “Photography isn’t about just taking what’s there. There’s so much that goes into taking a shot, setting it up. That’s the part I enjoy,” he says. For the first year, Haywood just pressed the camera’s button and snapped a photo of whatever he could; a chair, a desk, or even himself. He was focused on taking as many photos as he could in an effort to learn as much as he could about the craft. Many times, his first photos would come out blurry or would show only half of a subject. These earlier shots, Haywood explains, now leaves him scratching his head and wondering what he was thinking when he reflects on them. “When I first picked up the camera, the shots were as terrible as anyone else’s,” he says. “I came down here (in my studio) almost all the time and would take photographs of myself. I know how to photograph my face perfectly because I’ve taken thousands of shots,” he says, adding “That’s how you learn. You don’t always have a model to help you.” His first job was one for the books. “My first paid job, someone asked me to come to their apartment and chase their cats around to try and get photos because they could never get photos of the cats because they kept moving around everywhere.” When snapping shots these days, Haywood doesn’t like the “smile and say cheese” approach. For him, it’s all about a candid style, capturing real moments and translating these memories into photos that last a lifetime. When he first began taking photos, Haywood says he was focused on getting the technique just right. But he’s learned a lot about photography in his young career. Now, Haywood has relaxed a little bit. “A lot of the great memorable photos aren’t perfect, the famous ones haven’t been perfectly lit, a lot of times they are out of focus, they’ve got a great subject,” he says. He enjoys snapping a variety of photos, including splash photography and he is well known for his commercial beverage photography. There’s a lot that goes into preparing for these types of photos, he says. “Whenever you see a Pepsi can on a side of a vending machine, or any beverage photography, you don’t use real ice. You use acrylic ice because you’ll be working with a beverage for hours in a studio. If you want to get it exactly right, you have to use stuff that will last.” Haywood was also well-known for taking all the photographs at his former alma mater, Fort Erie Secondary School. His mentors were teachers at the high school, Chuck Stone and Afshin Keyvani. They encouraged Haywood to improve his craft and convinced him to compete in competitions. “At my first competition in 2015, I placed gold at the District School Board of Niagara Skills Competition and silver at Skills Ontario Competition,” Haywood says, adding, “I am honestly glad I got silver (at the provincial competition).” Haywood explains that he was still honing his skills and taking the second-place medal pushed him to work harder the following year “I was finding myself and getting confidence. I went back in 2016 and I got gold all the way.” Haywood says it was an honour to compete at the Skills Canada competition at the regional, provincial levels and going on to become the Canadian national champion for photography that year. He says it was an amazing experience being able to work alongside some of Canada’s leading student photographers, each highly skilled in the trade. The key to becoming a better photographer, he says, is to practice. When he manages to find spare time, Haywood usually likes to read photography books or watch YouTube videos about photography techniques. “The best thing is, if you don’t know something, you can look it up on Google, or YouTube and play around with it,” he says. These days, the second-year broadcasting student at Niagara College says he continues to balance work, with school and social life. He’s also glad to live in Niagara where there is plenty of opportunities to work and be creative. “It’s been great in that there’s enough work to keep me busy and I can pick and choose the things I want to do,” he says. Haywood’s never had a boss, because he’s always worked for himself. While it’s worked for him, the photographer says it hasn’t always been easy. He’s been burned a few times; sometimes clients don’t show up for a scheduled appointment, or something hasn’t gone the way he would have liked. But, each experience is a learning experience. “I’ve had a lot of rough jobs, been ripped off beforehand and some people who think they can take advantage because I am young. But, you can’t let that get to you,” he says. But his family and friends keep him grounded and give advice when needed. “Whatever lessons you do learn, the next time you’ve got to apply those lessons. Even still now, I am learning those lessons.” For more information about Haywood’s photography visit https://www.jasonhaywoodphotography.ca. Find out how you can place a listing with us! Support local news with Fort Erie Observer 1224 Garrison Road Fort Erie, Ontario, Canada news: 289-321-2561 ads: 289-321-3894 Email: jennifer@forterieobserver.ca Proud members of National News Media Council’s, Canadian Association of Journalists and the Fort Erie Chamber of Commerce. © Copyright 2019 Fort Erie Observer. All Rights Reserved. Website Design by Future Access Inc.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11465
__label__wiki	0.699441	0.699441	Coal measures British coalfields in the 19th century The coal measures is a lithostratigraphical term for the coal-bearing part of the Upper Carboniferous System. The Coal Measures Group consists of the Upper Coal Measures Formation, the Middle Coal Measures Formation and the Lower Coal Measures Formation. The group records the deposition of fluvio-deltaic sediments which consists mainly of clastic rocks (claystones, shales, siltstones, sandstones, conglomerates) interstratified with the beds of coal. In most places, the coal measures are underlain by coarser clastic sequences known as Millstone Grit, of Namurian age. The top of the coal measures may be marked by an unconformity, the overlying rocks being Permian or later in age. In some parts of Britain, however, the Coal Measures grade up into mainly coal-barren red beds of late Westphalian and possibly Stephanian age.[1][2] Within the Pennine Basin these barren measures are now referred to as the Warwickshire Group, from the district where they achieve their thickest development.[3] The coal measures formed during Westphalian and earliest Stephanian times in the European ('Heerlen') chronostratigraphical scheme (which is approximately equivalent to the Middle Pennsylvanian Series of the IUGS global chronostratigraphical scheme). Informal usage for other coal-bearing strataEdit In the eastern United States the term coal measures has been applied to the Pennsylvanian coal fields. Generally, the Pittsburgh coal seam is considered the base of the upper coal measures, exposed along the Monongahela River, while the lower coal measures are exposed along the Allegheny River.[4] The term coal measures has also historically been used in other parts of the world for coal-bearing successions of various ages, e.g. the Permian coal measures of Australia and the late Cretaceous and early Tertiary coal measures found in New Zealand. However, these usages are mostly informal. ^ Rayner, D H; Hemingway, J E (1974), The Geology and Mineral Resources Of Yorkshire, Leeds: Yorkshire Geological Society ^ Edwards, W; Trotter, F M (1954), The Pennines and Adjacent Areas, British Regional Geology (Third ed.), London: HMSO. Natural Environment Research Council ^ Powell, J.H. et al. 2000. Stratigraphical framework for Westphalian to early Permian red-bed successions of the Pennine Basin, British Geological Survey Research Report, RR/00/01 ^ Stratigraphy of the Bituminous Coal Field in Pennsylvania, Ohio and West Virginia, Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey No. 65, Washington, Government Printing Office, 1891. See Chapter III and V. CJ Cleal and BA Thomas, Plants of the British Coal Measures, The Palaeontological Association, 1994. CJ Cleal and BA Thomas, British Upper Carboniferous stratigraphy, Chapman & Hall, London, 1995. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coal_measures&oldid=898815440"	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11467
__label__wiki	0.762268	0.762268	(Redirected from Dnepr) This article is about the river. For other uses, see Dnieper (disambiguation) and Dnipro (disambiguation). "Dnepr" redirects here. For the missile, see SS-18 Satan and Dnepr (rocket). The Dnieper (UK: /d(ə)ˈniːpər/,[2] US: /ˈniːpər/[3])other names is one of the major rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea. It is the longest river of Ukraine and Belarus and the fourth-longest river in Europe. The total length is approximately 2,200 km (1,400 mi)[4] with a drainage basin of 504,000 square kilometres (195,000 sq mi). Historically, the river was an important barrier, dividing Ukraine into right and left banks. Nowadays, the river is noted for its dams and hydroelectric stations. The Dnieper is an important navigable waterway for the economy of Ukraine and is connected via the Dnieper–Bug Canal to other waterways in Europe. Russian: Днепр (Dnepr) Belarusian: Дняпро (Dnyapro) Ukrainian: Дніпро (Dnipro) The Dnieper River in Kiev, Ukraine Dnieper River drainage basin Russia, Belarus, Ukraine Dorogobuzh, Smolensk, Mogilev, Kiev, Cherkasy, Dnipro, Zaporizhia Valdai Hills, Russia ⁃ coordinates ⁃ elevation Dnieper Delta 0 m (0 ft) 2,201 km (1,368 mi) 504,000 km2 (195,000 sq mi) 1,670 m3/s (59,000 cu ft/s) Basin features ⁃ left Sozh, Desna, Trubizh, Supiy, Sula, Psel, Vorskla, Samara, Konka, Bilozerka ⁃ right Drut, Berezina, Prypiat, Teteriv, Irpin, Stuhna, Ros, Tiasmyn, Bazavluk, Inhulets Ramsar Wetland Dnieper River Floodplain Settlements next to the Dnieper Towns/villages blank spaces indicate as place above (") Bocharovo Verkhnedneprovsky Russia-Belarus border Dubroŭna Kopys Shkloŭ Bykhaw Rahachow Žlobin Streshin Rečyca Loyew Komarin Belarus-Ukraine border Radul Liubech Kiev Hydroelectric Power Plant Kozyn Ukrainka Rzhyshchiv Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi Kaniv Hydroelectric Power Plant Kremenchuk Hydroelectric Power Plant Horishni Plavni Verkhnodniprovsk Kamianske Middle Dnieper Hydroelectric Power Plant Dnieper Hydroelectric Station Vasylivka Dniprorudne Enerhodar Kamianka-Dniprovska Novovorontsovka Velyka Lepetyha Hornostayivka Beryslav Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant Nova Kakhovka Dnipriany Oleshky Bilozerka Hola Prystan Ochakiv End of Dnieper Estuary — Black Sea (the few settlements further along the debatable estuary to the two points mentioned in the routemap are on inlets or far inland) In antiquity, the river was known to the Greeks as the Borysthenes and was part of the Amber Road. Etymology and name in various languagesEdit The old picture with pre-1918 orthography of Dnieper (Днѣпръ) Human representation of the Dnieper river (known as Borysthenes) on an Ancient Greek coin of Pontic Olbia, 4th–3rd century BC The name Dnieper may be derived either from Sarmatian Dānu apara "the river on the far side" or from Scythian Dānu apr (Dānapr) "deep river." By way of contrast, the name Dniester either derives from "the close river" or from a combination of Scythian Dānu (river) and Ister, the Thracian name for the Dniester.[5][6] Names in local languagesEdit In the languages of the three countries it flows through it has essentially the same name, albeit with different pronunciations: Russian: Днепр, tr. Dnepr, IPA: [ˈdʲnʲepr]; formerly spelled Днѣпръ;[7] Belarusian: Дняпро, romanized: Dnyapro, [dnʲaˈprɔ], or Днепр Dnyepr,[8] [ˈdnʲɛpr]; Ukrainian: Дніпро, romanized: Dnipro, IPA: [dʲnʲiˈprɔ] ( listen); formerly Дніпер[9] Dniper, [ˈdnʲiper], or older Днѣпръ (Dnipr, [ˈdʲnʲipr]. Other namesEdit The late Greek and Roman authors called it Δάναπρις - Danapris and Danaper respectively Old East Slavic name used at the time of Kievan Rus' was Slavuta or Slavutych The Huns called it Var,[10] Bulgars - Buri-Chai.[citation needed] The name in Crimean Tatar: Özü,[11] hence Ochakiv (formerly Özü-cale, Dnieper fortress) In Romanian, it is called "Nipru". The river is mentioned both by the Ancient Greek historian Herodotus in the 5th century BC as Borysthenes (Βορυσθένης).[12][better source needed] satellite image of the Dnieper river estuary, captured 8-Aug 2015 The total length of the river is variously given as 2,145 kilometres (1,333 mi)[4] or 2,201 km (1,368 mi),[13][14][15][16] of which 485 km (301 mi) are within Russia, 700 km (430 mi) are within Belarus,[4] and 1,095 km (680 mi) are within Ukraine. Its basin covers 504,000 square kilometres (195,000 sq mi), of which 289,000 km2 (112,000 sq mi) are within Ukraine,[17] 118,360 km2 (45,700 sq mi) are within Belarus.[4] The source of the Dnieper is the sedge bogs (Akseninsky Mokh) of the Valdai Hills in central Russia, at an elevation of 220 m (720 ft).[17] For 115 km (71 mi) of its length, it serves as the border between Belarus and Ukraine. Its estuary, or liman, used to be defended by the strong fortress of Ochakiv.[citation needed] On the Dnieper to the south of Komarin urban-type settlement, Braghin District, Gomel Region the southern extreme point of Belarus is situated.[18] Tributaries of the DnieperEdit The Dnieper has many tributaries (up to 32,000) with 89 being rivers of 100+ km.[19] The main ones are, from its source to its mouth: Dnieper basin showing peoples in the ninth century Drut (R) Berezina (R) Sozh (L) Prypiat (R) Teteriv (R) Irpin (R) Desna (L) Stuhna (R) Trubizh (L) Ros (R) Tiasmyn (R) Supiy (L) Sula (L) Psyol (L) Vorskla (L) Samara (L) Konka (L) Bilozerka (L) Bazavluk (R) Inhulets (R) Many small direct tributaries also exist, such as, in the Kiev area, the Syrets (right bank) in the north of the city, the historically significant Lybid (right bank) passing west of the centre, and the Borshahivka (right bank) to the south. The water resources of the Dnieper basin compose around 80% out of all Ukraine.[19] RapidsEdit Rapids at Dnieper in 1915 Dnieper Rapids were part of trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks, first mentioned in the Kiev Chronicle[clarification needed]. The route was probably established in the late eighth and early ninth centuries and gained significant importance from the tenth until the first third of the eleventh century. On the Dnieper the Varangians had to portage their ships round seven rapids, where they had to be on guard for Pecheneg nomads. Along this middle flow of the Dnieper, there were nine major rapids (although some sources cite a fewer number of them), obstructing almost the whole width of the river, about 30–40 smaller rapids, obstructing only part of the river, and about 60 islands and islets. After Dnieper Hydroelectric Station was built in 1932, they were inundated by Dnieper Reservoir. CanalsEdit There are a number of canals connected to the Dnieper: The Dnieper–Donbas Canal; The Dnieper–Kryvyi Rih Canal; The Kakhovka Canal (south-east of the Kherson region); The Krasnoznamianka Irrigation System in the south-west of the Kherson region; The North Crimean Canal—will largely solve the water problem of the peninsula, especially in the arid northern and eastern Crimea; The Inhulets Irrigation System. The river is part of the quagga mussel's native range.[20] The mussel has been accidentally introduced around the world where it has become an invasive species.[20] Reservoirs and hydroelectric powerEdit See also: Ukrhydroenerho From the mouth of the Prypiat River to the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Station, there are six sets of dams and hydroelectric stations, which produce 10% of Ukraine's electricity.[19] The first constructed was the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station (or DniproHES) near Zaporizhia, built between 1927 and 1932 with an output of 558 MW.[citation needed][21] It was destroyed during World War II, but was rebuilt in 1948 with an output of 750 MW.[citation needed] Reservoir area Hydroelection station Date of construction Kiev Kiev Reservoir 922 km2 or 356 sq mi Kiev Hydroelectric Station 1960–1964 Kaniv Kaniv Reservoir 675 km2 or 261 sq mi Kaniv Hydroelectric Station 1963–1975 Kremenchuk Kremenchuk Reservoir 2,250 km2 or 870 sq mi Kremenchuk Hydroelectric Station 1954–1960 Kamianske Kamianske Reservoir 567 km2 or 219 sq mi Middle Dnieper Hydroelectric Power Plant 1956–1964 Zaporizhia Dnieper Reservoir 420 km2 or 160 sq mi Dnieper Hydroelectric Station 1927–1932; 1948 Kakhovka Kakhovka Reservoir 2,155 km2 or 832 sq mi Kakhovka Hydroelectric Station 1950–1956 Regions and citiesEdit Satellite image of the Dnieper and its tributaries RegionsEdit Smolensk Oblast, Russia Vitebsk Region, Belarus Mogilev Region, Belarus Gomel Region, Belarus Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine Kiev Oblast, Ukraine Cherkasy Oblast, Ukraine Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine Poltava Oblast, Ukraine Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine Kherson Oblast, Ukraine The Dnieper River in different regions The Dnieper River in Kherson, Ukraine The Dnieper River in Dorogobuzh, Russian Empire, before 1917 The Dnieper River in Kremenchuk, Ukraine CitiesEdit Major cities, over 100,000 in population, are in bold script. Cities and towns located on the Dnieper are listed in order from the river's source (in Russia) to its mouth (in Ukraine): Dorogobuzh, Russia Orsha, Belarus Shklow, Belarus Mogilev, Belarus Bychaw, Belarus Rahachow, Belarus Zhlobin, Belarus Rechytsa, Belarus Ukrayinka, Ukraine Kaniv, Ukraine Cherkasy, Ukraine Kremenchuk, Ukraine Horishni Plavni, Ukraine Kamianske, Ukraine Zaporizhia, Ukraine Marhanets, Ukraine Nikopol, Ukraine Enerhodar, Ukraine Kamianka-Dniprovska, Ukraine Nova Kakhovka, Ukraine Arheimar, a capital of the Goths, was located on the Dnieper, according to the Hervarar saga.[22] NavigationEdit Almost 2,000 km (1,200 mi) of the river is navigational (to the city of Dorogobuzh).[19] The Dnieper is important for the transport and economy of Ukraine[citation needed]: its reservoirs have large ship locks, allowing vessels of up to 270 by 18 metres (886 ft × 59 ft) to access as far as the port of Kiev and thus create an important transport corridor.[citation needed] The river is used by passenger vessels as well. Inland cruises on the rivers Danube and Dnieper have been a growing market in recent decades. Upstream from Kiev, the Dnieper receives the water of the Pripyat River. This navigable river connects to the Dnieper-Bug canal, the link with the Bug River. Historically, a connection with the Western European waterways was possible, but a weir without any ship lock near the town of Brest, Belarus, has interrupted this international waterway. Poor political relations between Western Europe and Belarus mean there is little likelihood of reopening this waterway in the near future.[23] River navigation is interrupted each year by freezing in winter, and severe winter storms. In the artsEdit The River Dnieper has been a subject of chapter X of a story by Nikolai Gogol A Terrible Vengeance (1831, published in 1832 as a part of the Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka short stories collection). It is considered as a classical example of description of the nature in Russian literature. The river was also described in the works of Taras Shevchenko. Visual artsEdit The River Dnieper has been a subject for artists, great and minor, over the centuries. Major artists with works based on the Dnieper are Arkhip Kuindzhi and Ivan Aivazovsky. The Dnieper in painting Catherine II leaving Kaniów in 1787 by Johann Gottlieb Plersch Ice in the Dnieper by Ivan Aivazovsky, 1872 Moonlit Night on the Dnieper by Arkhip Kuindzhi, 1882 Dnieper by Arkhip Kuindzhi, 1881 Sapphire Dnieper by Jan Stanisławski, 1904 Popular cultureEdit The river is one of the symbols of the Ukrainian nation[24] and is mentioned in the national anthem of Ukraine. There are several names that connect the name of the river with Ukraine: Overdnieper Ukraine, Right-bank Ukraine, Left-bank Ukraine, and others. Some of the cities on its banks — Dnipro, Dniprorudne, Kamianka-Dniprovska — are named after the river. The Zaporozhian Cossacks lived on the lower Dnieper and their name refers to their location "beyond the rapids".[25] The river is referred to as Dnipro, in the song "Hey, Dnipro, Dnipro".[citation needed] The folk metal band Turisas have a song called "The Dnieper Rapids" on their 2007 album The Varangian Way.[26] Leon Bolier featured a track called "Dnipro" in his debut 2-CD album Pictures. The track is said to be inspired by his visit to Kiev in May 2008.[citation needed] Roberto Bolaño's novel 2666 features the Dnieper as a significant feature of the village of Hans Reiter. Beat laureate Spencer Hash spent childhood summers observing tide patterns in the Dnieper.[citation needed] It provides the backdrop for most of his 1998 novel Embassy. EcologyEdit Nowadays the Dnieper River suffers from anthropogenic influence and obtain numerous emissions of pollutants.[27] The Dnieper is close to the Prydniprovsky Chemical Plant radioactive dumps (near Kamianske), and susceptible to leakages of radioactive waste. The river is also close to the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station (Chernobyl Exclusion Zone) that is located next to the mouth of the Prypiat River. Threat of the Dnieper reservoirs List of rivers of Russia List of rivers of Belarus List of rivers of Ukraine Trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks References and footnotesEdit ^ "Dnieper River Floodplain". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 April 2018. ^ "Dnieper". Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved 2018-07-25. ^ "Definition of DNIEPER". Merriam Webster. Retrieved 2018-07-25. ^ a b c d "Main Geographic Characteristics of the Republic of Belarus. Main characteristics of the largest rivers of Belarus". Land of Ancestors. Data of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Belarus. 2011. Retrieved 27 September 2013. ^ Mallory, J.P. and Victor H. Mair. The Tarim Mummies: Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West. London: Thames and Hudson, 2000. p. 106 ^ Абаев В. И. Осетинский язык и фольклор (Ossetian language and folklore). Moscow: Publishing house of Soviet Academy of Sciences, 1949. p. 236 ^ Турбин, Сергей Иванович (1879). "Днѣпр и приднѣпровье: Описаніе губерній, смоленкой, Минской. Черниговской, Киевской, Полтавской, Екатеринославской, Херсонской, Таврической и Курской". ^ Блакітная кніга Беларусі: Энцыклапедыя. — Мінск: Беларуская Энцыклапедыя, 1994. — С. 144. — 415 с. — 10 000 экз. ^ "Тлумачення / значення слова "ДНІПЕР" \| Словник української мови. Словник Грінченка". hrinchenko.com. ^ Jordanes, Getica 269. ^ crh:Özü özeni[circular reference] ^ Volodymyr Kubijovyč, Ivan Teslia. Dnipro River. Encyclopedia of Ukraine. ^ Zastavnyi, F.D. Physical Geography of Ukraine. Rivers of Ukraine. Dnieper. Kiev: "Forum", 2000 ^ Masliak, P., Shyshchenko, P. Geography of Ukraine. Kiev: "Zodiak-eko", 1998 ^ "Website about Dnieper". ^ Mishyna, Liliana. Hydrographic research of Dnieper river Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine. Derzhhidrohrafiya. ^ a b Kubiyovych, Volodymyr; Ivan Teslia. "Dnieper River". Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Retrieved January 19, 2007. ^ "Main Geographic Characteristics of the Republic of Belarus. Coordinates of the extreme points of the state frontier". Land of Ancestors. The Scientific and Production State Republican Unitary Enterprise "National Cadastre Agency" of the State Property Committee of the Republic of Belarus. 2011. Retrieved 20 September 2013. ^ a b c d Splendid Dnieper. There is no straighter river. Ukrinform. 4 July 2015 ^ a b Benson, AJ. "Dreissena rostriformis bugensis Andrusov, 1897". Nonindigenous Aquatic Species. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2 May 2014. ^ Edward A. Hewett, Victor H. Winston (1991). Milestones in Glasnost and Perestroyka: Politics and people. Brookings Institution. p. 19. ISBN 9780815736240. The importance of Chernobyl' for Soviet industry is best illustrated by comparing it to the key energy project of Stalin's industrialization, the famous Dnieper hydroelectric station, completed in 1932. The largest European hydroelectric station of its time, it had a capacity of 560 MW. ^ "An English translation of Hervar saga by Kershaw". Archived from the original on 2006-03-28. Retrieved 2006-03-28. ^ "PC-Navigo - Dé routeplanner voor de binnenwateren". PC Navigo. Archived from the original on November 9, 2005. ^ Work on the subject Ukrainian national symbols. Library of Ukrainian literature. ^ "...the Zaporohjans whose name meant 'those who live beyond the cataracts'...", Henryk Sienkiewicz, With Fire and Sword, chap. 7. ^ "Releases". ^ V. Snytko, V. Shirokova, N. Ozerova, O. Romanova, A. Sobisevich Hydrological situation of the Upper Dnieper // GeoConference SGEM. — 2017. — Vol. 17, no. 31. — P. 379–384. Dnieper Riverat Wikipedia's sister projects Volodymyr Kubijovyč, Ivan Teslia, Dnieper River at the Encyclopedia of Ukraine Site about Dnieper—objects over the river, photos, facts Dnieper river charts "Комсомольская правда" об угрозах плотины Киевской ГЭС и водохранилища [1] "Аргументы и факты" о реальных угрозах дамбы Киевского водохранилища и ГЭС [2] "Известия" о проблематике плотины Киевского водохранилища и ГЭС [3] Эксперт УНИАН об угрозах дамбы Киевского водохранилища [4] Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dnieper&oldid=904991845"	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11468
__label__wiki	0.5942	0.5942	Henry Holt and Company (Redirected from Henry Holt and Co) Find sources: "Henry Holt and Company" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Henry Holt and Company is an American book publishing company based in New York City. One of the oldest publishers in the United States, it was founded in 1866 by Henry Holt and Frederick Leypoldt.[2] Currently, the company publishes in the fields of American and international fiction, biography, history and politics, science, psychology, and health, as well as books for children's literature. In the US, it operates under Macmillan Publishers. Georg Von Holtzbrinck Publishing Group 1866; 153 years ago (1866) Henry Holt and Frederick Leypoldt Macmillan (US) Melia Publishing Services (UK)[1] Books - Hardcover and Paperback Nonfiction topics Henry Holt Books for Young Readers, Francis Coady, John Macrae, Metropolitan, Times, Godwin, Christy Ottaviano www.henryholt.com Logo of Henry Holt and Company, as it appeared in the book In the Dwellings of the Wilderness by Charlotte Bryson Taylor (1904). The company publishes under several imprints including Metropolitan Books, Times Books, Owl Books and Picador. It also publishes under the name of Holt Paperbacks.[3] The company has published works by renowned authors Erich Fromm, Paul Auster, Hilary Mantel, Robert Frost, Hermann Hesse, Norman Mailer, Herta Müller, Thomas Pynchon, Robert Louis Stevenson, Ivan Turgenev, and Noam Chomsky. From 1951 to 1985, Holt published the magazine Field & Stream.[4][5] Holt merged with Rinehart & Company of New York and the John C. Winston Company of Philadelphia in 1960 to become Holt, Rinehart and Winston. The Wall Street Journal reported on March 1 that Holt stockholders had approved the merger, last of the three approvals. "Henry Holt is the surviving concern, but will be known as Holt, Rinehart, Winston, Inc."[6] CBS purchased the company in 1967. But in 1985 the group split, and the retail publishing arm along with the Holt name was sold to the Georg von Holtzbrinck Publishing Group based in Stuttgart, which has retained Holt as a subsidiary publishing under its original name and in the US it is part of Macmillan Publishers. The educational publishing arm, which retained the Holt, Rinehart and Winston name, was sold to Harcourt. Book seriesEdit Amateur Studies American Science Series[7] English Readings[8] Leisure Hour Series[9] Leisure Moment Series Library of Foreign Poetry Books in the United States ^ "Melia Publishing - List of client publishers". Retrieved 2017-12-27. ^ Nancy Lewis Tuten. The Robert Frost Encyclopedia. pg.149 ^ "Henry Holt". US Macmillan. Retrieved 2019-04-19. ^ Opalic, Zoran (2011-10-28). "Hunting, fishing…". iNewsDesign. Retrieved 2019-04-19. ^ Roberts, Sam (2015-10-28). "John Backe Dies at 83; Put CBS Back Atop Prime Time". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-04-19. ^ "Henry Holt Merger". The Wall Street Journal. March 1, 1960. Page 12. ^ American Science Series (Henry Holt and Company) - Book Series List, publishinghistory.com. Retrieved 19 February 2019. ^ English Readings, owu.edu. Retrieved 31 January 2019. ^ The Leisure Hour Series (Henry Holt and Company) - Book Series List, publishinghistory.com. Retrieved 20 February 2019. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Henry Holt and Company. Henry Holt and Company at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database Henry Holt and Company at Library of Congress Authorities, with 73 catalog records Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Holt_and_Company&oldid=893199427"	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11469
__label__wiki	0.792286	0.792286	Leo Belgicus Bello Belgico by Stradæ [it], 1631 The Leo Belgicus (Latin for Belgic Lion) was used in both heraldry and map design to symbolize the former Low Countries (current day Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium and a small part of northern France) with the shape of a lion. When not in map form, the Leo Belgicus often accompanies the Dutch Maiden, the national personification of the Dutch Republic. Often both sit in a circular fenced enclosure, the "Garden of Holland". Europa regina, showing Europe as a queen, was a comparable schematic. TerminologyEdit The names derived from the Belgae (and thus including Belgica) are now mostly identified with the country Belgium; yet before the division of the Low Countries into a southern and a northern half in the 16th century, it was a common name for the entire Low Countries, and was the usual Latin translation of the Netherlands (which at that point covered the current territory of the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium and a small part of northern France). Several somewhat later maps of the Dutch Republic, which consisted of the Northern Netherlands, and therefore has almost no intersection with the present country of Belgium, also show the Latin title Belgium Foederatum.[1] Also the a 17th-century colonial province that was located on the East Coast of North America - which was ruled and settled exclusively by the Dutch Republic and in which the present Belgium had no share - was known in Dutch as Nieuw-Nederland but in Latin as Nova Belgica or Novum Belgium. The earliest Leo Belgicus was drawn by the Austrian cartographer Michaël Eytzinger in 1583, when the Netherlands were fighting the Eighty Years' War for independence. The motif was inspired by the heraldic figure of the lion, occurring in the coats of arms of several of the Netherlands, namely: Brabant, Flanders, Frisia, Guelders, Hainaut, Holland, Limburg, Luxembourg, Namur and Zeeland, as well as in those of William of Orange. Eytzinger's map was the first of many. There were three different designs. In the most common one, the lion's head was located in the northeast of the country and the tail in the southeast. The most famous version is that of Claes Janszoon Visscher, which was published in 1609 on the occasion of the Twelve Years' Truce. A less common design reversed the position of the lion, as shown in the Leo Belgicus by Jodocus Hondius. The third version was published in the later stages of the war, and after the independence of the Dutch Republic was confirmed in the Peace of Westphalia (1648). It is called the Leo Hollandicus, the Holland Lion, and shows only the province of Holland. One of the earliest versions was published by Visscher around 1625. ^ For example, the map "Belgium Foederatum" by Matthaeus Seutter, from 1745,which show the current Netherlands. Archived 2012-08-25 at the Wayback Machine Leo Belgicus by Aitsinger/Hogenberg, 1583 Leo Belgicus by Claes Janszoon Visscher, 1609 Leo Belgicus by Jodocus Hondius, 1611 Leo Belgicus by Kaerius (vd Keere), 1617 Leo Belgicus by Hondius & Gerritsz, 1630 Leonis Hollandiae by Visscher 1648 Leo by Visscher, 1650 Leo by Schenk 1707 A Leo Belgicus map by Famiano Strada [it], 1648 A Dutch coin of 1753 depicting the Leo Belgicus holding a liberty pole Symbol of the Batavian Republic, 1795-1806; the Dutch Maiden and Leo Belgicus. Media related to Leo Belgicus at Wikimedia Commons Several versions of the map, Leiden University See : Leo Belgicus maps in Antique Map Price and high resolution image source by Swaen.com. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leo_Belgicus&oldid=905115375"	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11470
__label__wiki	0.803697	0.803697	Marian Smoluchowski Marian Smoluchowski (Polish: [ˈmarjan smɔluˈxɔfski]; 28 May 1872 – 5 September 1917) was a Polish physicist who worked in the Polish territories of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was a pioneer of statistical physics, and an avid mountaineer. Marian Ritter von Smolan Smoluchowski (1872-05-28)28 May 1872 Vorder-Brühl, Austria-Hungary 5 September 1917(1917-09-05) (aged 45) Kraków, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria Pioneering statistical physics Smoluchowski equation Einstein-Smoluchowski relation Smoluchowski coagulation equation Smoluchowski factor Haitinger Prize of the Vienna Academy of Sciences (1908) University of Lviv Jagellonian University Franz S. Exner and Joseph Stefan Józef Patkowski Stanisław Loria Wacław Dziewulski Born into an upper-class family in Vorder-Brühl, near Vienna, Smoluchowski studied physics at the University of Vienna. His teachers included Franz S. Exner and Joseph Stefan. Ludwig Boltzmann held a position at Munich University during Smoluchowski's studies in Vienna, and Boltzmann returned to Vienna in 1894 when Smoluchowski was serving in the Austrian army. They apparently had no direct contact, although Smoluchowski's work follows in the tradition of Boltzmann's ideas. After several years at other universities (Paris, Glasgow, Berlin), in 1899 Smoluchowski moved to Lwów (present-day Lviv), where he took a position at the University of Lwów. He was president of the Polish Copernicus Society of Naturalists, 1906–7. In 1913 Smoluchowski moved to Kraków to take over a chair in the Experimental Physics Department, succeeding August Witkowski, who had long envisioned Smoluchowski as his successor. When World War I began the following year, the work conditions became unusually difficult, as the spacious and modern Physics Department building, built by Witkowski a short time before, was turned into a military hospital. The possibility of working in that building had been one of the reasons Smoluchowski had decided to move to Kraków. Smoluchowski was now forced to work in the apartment of the late Professor Karol Olszewski. During his lectures in experimental physics, use of even the simplest demonstration equipment was virtually impossible. Smoluchowski lectured in experimental physics; his students included Józef Patkowski, Stanisław Loria and Wacław Dziewulski. Smoluchowski was a member of the Copernicus Society of Natural Scientists and the Polish Academy of Sciences and Letters. His non-professional interests included skiing, mountain climbing in the Alps and the Tatra Mountains, watercolor painting, and playing the piano. Smoluchowski died in Kraków in 1917, victim of a dysentery epidemic. Professor Władysław Natanson wrote in an obituary of Smoluchowski: "With great pleasure I recall the charm of his life, his noble cordiality, combined with exquisite kindness. I wish I could render the curious appeal of his personality, recall how temperate he was, how modest and elegantly diffident, yet always full of a pure, spontaneous joy."[citation needed] In 1901 he had married Zofia Baraniecka, who survived him. They had two children, Aldona Smoluchowska (1902-84) and Roman Smoluchowski (1910-96). Roman became a notable physicist who worked in Poland, and after World War II settled in the United States (the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton).[citation needed] WorkEdit Smoluchowski conducted fundamental research on the kinetic theory of matter. In 1904 he discovered density fluctuations in the gas phase, and in 1908 he was the first physicist to ascribe the phenomenon of critical opalescence to large density fluctuations. His investigations explained the blue color of the sky as a consequence of light scattering in the atmosphere. In 1906, shortly after Albert Einstein, he independently explained Brownian motion.[1] Smoluchowski presented an equation which became a basis for the theory of stochastic processes. In 1916 he proposed the equation for diffusion in an external potential field. This equation bears his name.[citation needed] Einstein–Smoluchowski relation Feynman-Smoluchowski ratchet List of Poles (physicists) ^ Smoluchowski, M. (1906), "Zur kinetischen Theorie der Brownschen Molekularbewegung und der Suspensionen" (PDF), Annalen der Physik, 21 (14): 756–780, Bibcode:1906AnP...326..756V, doi:10.1002/andp.19063261405, retrieved 2008-08-29 A. Teske, Marian Smoluchowski, Leben und Werk. Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, 1977. A. Einstein and M. von Smoluchowski: "Untersuchungen über die Theorie der Brownschen Bewegung. Abhandlung über die Brownsche Bewegung und verwandte Erscheinungen", Harri Deutsch, 1997. (Ostwalds Klassiker der exakten Wissenschaften Band 199). ISBN 3-8171-3207-7. S. Chandrasekhar, M. Kac, R. Smoluchowski, "Marian Smoluchowski - his life and scientific work", ed. by R.S. Ingarden, PWN, Warszawa 1999. E. Seneta (2001) Marian Smoluchowski, Statisticians of the Centuries (ed. C. C. Heyde and E. Seneta) pp. 299–302. New York: Springer. S. Ulam (1957) Marian Smoluchowski and the Theory of Probabilities in Physics, American Journal of Physics, 25, 475-481 (ISSN 0002-9505). Abraham Pais, Subtle is the Lord, chapter 5, section 5e. Einstein and Smoluchowski; Critical Opalescence, (pp. 100–103), Oxford University Press, (1982) 2005, ISBN 0-19-280672-6. umcs.lublin.pl Chronological Table of Marian Smoluchowski's Life, ‹See Tfd›(in English) (Retrieved 13 April 2010) M. Smoluchowski's Writings in 3 Volumes (papers as pdf files) (Retrieved 13 April 2010) O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Marian Smoluchowski", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews . A. Fuliński: On Marian Smoluchowski's life and contribution to physics pdf file, ‹See Tfd›(in English), Acta Phys. Polonica B, Vol. 29 (1998), No 6, pp. 1523–1537 (Retrieved 13 April 2010) internet version of Wielka Encyklopedia Tatrzańska, entry Marian Smoluchowski (as a mountaineer), ‹See Tfd›(in Polish), after Zofia i Witold H. Paryscy, Wielka Encyklopedia Tatrzańska, 1995, 2004, ISBN 83-7104-009-1 (Retrieved 13 April 2010) Media related to Marian Smoluchowski at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marian_Smoluchowski&oldid=892342781"	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11471
__label__wiki	0.891858	0.891858	Gaylord Family Oklahoma Memorial Stadium (Redirected from Oklahoma Memorial Stadium) Gaylord Family Oklahoma Memorial Stadium, also known as Owen Field or The Palace on the Prairie, is the on-campus football facility on the campus of the University of Oklahoma in Norman, Oklahoma, United States, that serves as the home of the Oklahoma Sooners football team. The official seating capacity of the stadium, following renovations before the start of the 2016 season, is 86,112,[2] making it the 23rd largest stadium in the world, the 15th largest college stadium in the United States and the second largest in the Big 12 Conference, behind Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium at the University of Texas at Austin.[6] Gaylord Family - Oklahoma Memorial Stadium at Owen Field The front of Oklahoma Memorial Stadium Oklahoma Memorial Stadium Location in Oklahoma Show map of Oklahoma Location in the United States Oklahoma Memorial Stadium (1923–2002) 180 West Brooks 86,112 (since 2016)[1][2] Record attendance 88,308 (November 11, 2017 vs. TCU) Grass: 1923–1969 AstroTurf: 1970–1980 Superturf: 1981–1993 Tifsport Bermuda Grass: 1994–present October 20, 1923[5] 1925, 1929, 1949, 1957, ($4.17 million in 2018 dollars[3]) $125 million (renovations) Layton & Hicks[4] HOK Sport/360 Architecture (renovations) Walter P Moore (renovations) Oklahoma Sooners (NCAA) (1923–present) An early drawing of the stadium. This idea was scrapped for a simpler, cheaper stadium. The stadium is a bowl-shaped facility with its long axis oriented north/south, with both the north and south ends enclosed. The south end has only been enclosed since the 2015-2016 off-season, when it was renovated as part of a $160 million project. Visitor seating is in the south end zone and the southern sections of the east side. The student seating sections are in the east stands, surrounding the 350-member Pride of Oklahoma band which sits in section 29, between the 20- and 35-yard lines. The Sooners' bench was once located on the east side with the students, but the home bench was moved to the west side in the mid-1990s. Early historyEdit The first game played at the current stadium site was in 1923, with the Sooners prevailing over Washington University 62–7.[7] When 16,000 permanent seats were built on the west side of the site in 1925, the new stadium was named Oklahoma Memorial Stadium in honor of university students and personnel that died during World War I. The facility was constructed at an approximate cost of $293,000,[6] and coach Bennie Owen himself helped raise the money.[8] To honor Owen, the playing surface was named Owen Field during the 1920s. The stadium is popularly called Owen Field, but in actuality the field and the stadium are two separate objects with two separate names.[8] There are two main reasons why the stadium was not originally a fully enclosed "bowl" like, for example, Michigan Stadium or the Rose Bowl. First, access to the three outdoor football practice fields, which are behind the south end zone seats, would have been restricted by completely enclosing the south end of the stadium. Secondly, any enclosure would have forced the baseball field, which shared its outfield with the practice fields until 1982, to shorten its left field line considerably.[6][9] More permanent seating was added, this time to the east side, in 1929. In 1949, the north end of the stadium was enclosed, the playing area was lowered six feet with the elimination of the running track around the field.[6] The stadium capacity when completed was 55,000 and the addition of south end bleachers in 1957 brought capacity to just under 61,836 fans.[6]AstroTurf replaced the natural grass field in 1970. The west side upper deck was added in 1975, featuring a lounge and a new press box, for a total capacity of 71,187 fans at a cost of about $5.7 million.[7] Improved south end zone seating, including new coaches' offices and training facilities, was added in 1980 and the old turf was replaced with Superturf in 1981.[7] With a few exceptions, these changes took place during or shortly after the Sooners' national championship seasons of 1950, 1955, 1956, 1974, and 1975 – all high times for Sooner sports. Lights, camera, football, moneyEdit Up until the 1980s, the NCAA had a tight grip on television contracts for Division I-A college football games. Compared to the current plethora of college football games on television, only two (on rare occasions, three) college football games were televised each week and the schedule of games was set in stone well in advance of the season opening. The NCAA reasoned that televised games cut into attendance, and more TV games would cost more money in lost gate receipts than could be gained with television contracts.[10] In the fall of 1981, the University of Oklahoma, joined by the University of Georgia, sued the NCAA in federal court in Oklahoma City.[11] In this class-action lawsuit on behalf of members of the College Football Association, the two schools alleged that the NCAA's contracts with ABC, NBC, and CBS violated the Sherman Antitrust Act by preventing each college and conference from selling its product on the open market. The court agreed with the schools in 1982 and voided the NCAA's television contracts.[10] However, the ruling was appealed by the NCAA and finally heard by the Supreme Court of the United States, (NCAA v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma, 468 U.S. 85 (1984)), which held that the National Collegiate Athletic Association television plan indeed violated the Sherman and Clayton Antitrust Acts. Less than two years later, the Sooners and the rest of Division I-A were playing seven to ten games each season on television. This presented a new problem for the university and its stadium. At the time, Owen Field did not have permanent artificial lighting sufficient for television broadcasts at night. This meant that untelevised home games had to start in the morning or early afternoon so as to be completed by dark, because the cost of leasing a set of portable lights was too high for a game that would not earn enough revenue to pay for those lights. For all televised games, portable lights on trucks were rented – but the leasing costs cut into the university's revenue, and often the four or five portable light trucks stayed on campus for weeks in anticipation of the next televised game. True night games were difficult to play in Norman because of the amount of portable lighting needed to illuminate the field adequately for spectators to see the players, much less the light required for television. Prior to 1982, the university knew which games would be televised and could plan months ahead for leasing the necessary lighting. With the successful outcome of the court case against the NCAA, more late afternoon and night games were scheduled in Norman and television schedules changed during the season, requiring large portable light trucks to take up space on campus while waiting for the next televised game. It was not until 1997 that permanent television lights were installed in the four corners of the stadium, along with a new south end zone video scoreboard to replace the antiquated main scoreboard.[6] Owen Field switched back to natural grass, or prescription turf, from the aging Superturf in 1994, improving the field's drainage system in the process.[6] These two improvements, the turf switch in 1994 and the lighting and scoreboard installation in 1997, were the only major improvements to the stadium for nearly 20 years.[7][6] 21st-century improvementsEdit Fireworks over the south end zone as the Pride of Oklahoma's halftime winds down on November 11, 2006 during the annual contest between the Oklahoma Sooners and the Texas Tech Red Raiders By 1999, the 75-year-old stadium was showing its age. Except for the turf and lighting enhancements, no substantial upgrade of the stadium had occurred since the press box was built 25 years earlier, in 1975.[12] The OU College of Architecture was housed under the west stands and in the north end zone, until other facilities became available in 1990.[13] The artificial turf on Owen Field had literally become threadbare before its replacement in 1981; it is possible that the poor condition of the Superturf, prior to its 1994 replacement, contributed to a crash of the Sooner Schooner during a 1993 game against Colorado.[14] The east side of the stadium still had the original dirt flooring underneath the stands, making for a cloudy, dusty walk into the student and visitor seating sections. Restrooms were old and inadequate; paint was peeling off external walls and the areas under the stands (the east side in particular) were dark and smelled like dust. Plans began in 1997 to upgrade most athletic department facilities, beginning with a five-year fundraising campaign. Then, unexpectedly, the Sooners won the BCS National Championship for the 2000 season. The university began to get more freshman applications than it could house due in large part to the football team's success.[15] Along with other campus improvements such as more and better student housing, the refurbishment and expansion plan for the stadium was accelerated to be ready by the beginning of the 2003 season.[12] The east side of the stadium during halftime of the September 2, 2006 game between the Oklahoma Sooners and the UAB Blazers. In 2002, every seat in the stadium was replaced and the north end zone scoreboard was dismantled in preparation for replacement. From 2003 to 2004, the entire video and audio systems were replaced and new video scoreboards were placed at both end zones. The west side, long ignored except for the press box construction in 1975, received restroom and concession improvements. Most importantly, a street running east of the east stands was moved to allow for the construction of an upper deck with club seating for 2,500 and 27 suites on the east side, which increased the capacity of the stadium to 86,112.[12] The renovation, led by architecture firms 360 Architecture and HOK Sport, cost $54 million. The north and west entries were renovated to match the Cherokee Gothic look of most campus buildings, and other cosmetic enhancements were made to the press box. A reflecting pool just north of the stadium, filled in during the 1949 north end zone expansion, was restored in 2000. A new war memorial, listing the names of Sooners killed while serving in the U.S. armed forces, was placed next to the reflecting pool in 2003. The Barry Switzer Center, under the south end zone, was opened in 1999 and houses the football locker room, video rooms, football coaches offices, the football conditioning center, a state-of-the-art sports medicine facility, and the Legends Lobby, a large museum dedicated to the history of Oklahoma football. The basketball coaches' offices are located in the Lloyd Noble Center, but the rest of the OU athletic coaches' offices, the Athletic Director's office, and the OU Athletics administrators' offices are located in the north end of the stadium in the McClendon Center.[16] $12 million toward the $75 million cost of the stadium project was donated by Christy Gaylord Everest, current publisher of The Oklahoman and daughter of Edward K. Gaylord, in 2002. The stadium was renamed to its current name in honor of this gift.[12] (The Gaylords donated a total of $50 million to the university around this time, including $22 million for a new building to house the College of Journalism.)[8] In 2009, the stadium welcomed The Black Eyed Peas and U2 as a part of the 360 Tour. Recent innovations and future plansEdit The north end zone scoreboard, installed prior to the 2007 season, replaced an older matrix-type messageboard. In a February 2007 radio interview, OU Athletic Director Joe Castiglione said that a new stadium master plan was in development. Castiglione spoke about replacing the press box and expanding the south end zone seating but gave no timetable or other details.[6] In March 2007, the OU Board of Regents approved an Athletic Department request for $10.3 million to replace the displays and the sound systems of both the stadium and the Lloyd Noble Center.[17][18] The stadium with the newly finished south entrance and enclosed south side on September 2, 2017, in the season's first game against the UTEP Miners. The improvements include the installation of a state-of-the-art Daktronics 16mm HD-ready video replay board in the north end zone, which replaced an older matrix messageboard, and digital 23mm LED ribbon displays along the edges of both upper decks, the north end zone, and the north tunnel entrances. Eight new concession stands were added, along with more than 60 new toilets in the women's restrooms, 30 new water fountains, handrails on all aisles of the upper decks, new speakers in all restrooms, and a new public address system.[19] Phase two replaced the obsolete displays and sound system of the Lloyd Noble Center. The final phase was completed prior to the 2008 season and included replacement of the stadium's south scoreboard and sound system within the existing structure. The new displays are compatible with high-definition television equipment, although no HD cameras were purchased during the project.[18][20] On March 10, 2015, the University of Oklahoma board of regents approved the initial construction of "Phase 1" to renovate Gaylord Family Oklahoma Memorial Stadium.[21] The renovation is expected to cost approximately $160 million and anticipated completion is just prior to the start of the 2016 football season. Due to uncertain economic conditions, the board of regents decided to start with "Phase 1" (which will focus primarily on the south endzone, football offices, training center and weight room), and proceed to "Phase 2" (which will focus on the west side of the stadium, including the press box, club seats and new facade. As well as various improvements to restrooms, escalators and concessions) at a later date, when the economic conditions have improved. The first phase of construction will bowl in the south endzone, and bring the total capacity to 83,489.[22] Timeline of seating capacityEdit 16,000 (1925–1928) 86,112 (2016–present)[23][2] Attendance recordsEdit The following are the largest crowds in the history of the stadium:[24] Oklahoma rank 1 November 11, 2017 88,388 #6 TCU #5 W, 38–20 2 September 17, 2016 87,939 #3 Ohio State #14 L, 45–24 3 December 3, 2016 87,527 #11 Oklahoma State #7 W, 38–20 4 September 22, 2018 87,177 Army #5 W, 28–21 OT 5 September 10, 2016 87,037 Louisiana-Monroe #14 W, 59–17 6 September 29, 2018 86,642 Baylor #6 W, 66–33 7 September 1, 2018 86,402 Florida Atlantic #7 W, 63–14 8 September 8, 2018 86,402 UCLA #6 W, 49–21 9 October 28, 2017 86,309 Texas Tech #10 W, 49–27 10 October 29, 2016 86,301 Kansas #16 W, 56–3 List of NCAA Division I FBS football stadiums ^ Franklin, Dallas (March 10, 2016). "Changes to OU Memorial Stadium Coming Soon". Oklahoma City. Retrieved October 24, 2016. ^ a b c Houck, Mike; Pigg, Tyler; Beene, Andie, eds. (July 15, 2018). "Oklahoma Football 2018 Media Guide" (PDF). University of Oklahoma Department of Intercollegiate Athletics. pp. 6, 9. Retrieved September 15, 2018. ^ Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Community Development Project. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Retrieved January 2, 2019. ^ "Layton, Soloman Andrew". Oklahoma Historical Society. Archived from the original on July 19, 2010. ^ "Memorial Stadium". University of Oklahoma Department of Intercollegiate Athletics. Retrieved September 1, 2011. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Oklahoma Memorial Stadium/Owen Field". Sooner Stats. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved October 13, 2007. ^ a b c d "Stadium History". University of Oklahoma Department of Intercollegiate Athletics. September 9, 2015. Retrieved September 10, 2015. ^ a b c Nichols, Max (October 7, 2002). "Stadium Name Change Follows Tradition". The Journal Record. Oklahoma City. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved October 13, 2007. ^ See this 1976 photo, an aerial view of the stadium from northeast to southwest. The baseball field is clearly visible in the top left, behind the then-temporary south end zone stands. ^ a b Hawes, Kay (December 6, 1999). "Gridiron Gridlock". National Collegiate Athletic Association. Archived from the original on January 3, 2007. Retrieved September 10, 2015. ^ Associated Press (September 19, 1981). "Court Continues Restraints on NCAA". The New York Times. Retrieved June 7, 2014. ^ a b c d Upchurch, Jay C. (2003). "A Towering Achievement". Sooner Magazine. The University of Oklahoma Foundation. Archived from the original on October 17, 2007. Retrieved October 13, 2007. ^ "College History". University of Oklahoma College of Architecture. Retrieved October 13, 2007. ^ Walters, John (September 4, 2004). "Road Trip: University of Oklahoma". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved October 13, 2007. ^ Burr, Carol J. (2003). "Prologue: The Harder It Is to Get In, the More They Want to Come". Sooner Magazine. The University of Oklahoma Foundation. Archived from the original on October 17, 2007. Retrieved October 13, 2007. ^ "McClendon Center for Intercollegiate Athletics". University of Oklahoma Department of Intercollegiate Athletics. September 8, 2003. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. Retrieved October 13, 2007. ^ "Annual Meeting Agenda" (PDF). University of Oklahoma Board of Regents. Retrieved October 13, 2007. [dead link] ^ a b Wright, Scott (March 30, 2007). "Scoreboard, Display Upgrades Approved". The Oklahoman. Oklahoma City. Retrieved October 13, 2007. ^ "2007 Game Day Information" (Press release). University of Oklahoma Department of Intercollegiate Athletics. August 29, 2007. Archived from the original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved October 13, 2007. ^ Hoover, John (March 28, 2007). "OU Athletics: Sooners Seek Upgrades for Sports Venues". Tulsa World. World Publishing Company. Archived from the original on October 10, 2007. Retrieved October 13, 2007. ^ "Stadium Project Moves Forward" (Press release). University of Oklahoma Department of Intercollegiate Athletics. March 10, 2015. Retrieved September 15, 2018. ^ Aber, Ryan (March 10, 2015). "OU football: Board of Regents Approves Updated Stadium Renovation Plan". The Oklahoman. Oklahoma City. Retrieved September 15, 2018. ^ http://www.soonersports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?&DB_OEM_ID=31000&ATCLID=208803880 ^ "Football Game Attendance Records - Home". Sooner Stats. Archived from the original on January 10, 2016. Retrieved September 19, 2015. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gaylord Family Oklahoma Memorial Stadium. Official Gaylord Family-Oklahoma Memorial Stadium information page Official McClendon Center information page University of Oklahoma Western History Collections – Memorial Stadium and Owen Field photographs from 1929 to present Google 3D Warehouse geo-referenced model of Memorial Stadium for Google SketchUp and/or Google Earth at Google 3D Warehouse Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaylord_Family_Oklahoma_Memorial_Stadium&oldid=891034382"	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11472
__label__wiki	0.876999	0.876999	Robert Z. Leonard Robert Zigler Leonard (October 7, 1889 – August 27, 1968) was an American film director, actor, producer, and screenwriter. Robert Zigler Leonard (1889-10-07)October 7, 1889 August 27, 1968(1968-08-27) (aged 78) Burial place Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, California, U.S. Director, producer, actor, screenwriter Mae Murray (1918–1925) Gertrude Olmstead (1926–1968) He was born in Chicago, Illinois. At one time, he was married to silent star Mae Murray with the two forming Tiffany Pictures to film eight motion pictures that were released by MGM. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director for The Divorcee and The Great Ziegfeld. Both were also nominated for Best Picture, and the latter won. Known by his nickname, "Pop," Leonard was brought in late by MGM as a reliable director who could get its Pride and Prejudice (1940), starring Greer Garson and Laurence Olivier, onto the big screen.[1] One of the most odd credits in his filmography is the film noir thriller The Bribe (1949) with its sleazy settings, slippery characters, and steamy atmosphere. Robert Leonard died in 1968 in Beverly Hills, California of an aneurysm.[2] He is interred at Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, near his wife, Gertrude Olmstead. LegacyEdit On February 8, 1960, Robert Leonard received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, for his contribution to the motion picture industry, at 6370 Hollywood Blvd.[3][4] The Master Key [1914]. Robert Z. Leonard, costumed as a U.S. Army first lieutenant during the Civil War, pauses by a window in a scene still for the 1915 silent drama Betty's Dream Hero. Selected filmographyEdit The Love Girl (1916) The Sea Urchin (1913) Shon the Piper (1913) The Master Key (1914) Judge Not; or The Woman of Mona Diggings (1915) Secret Love (1916) The Bride's Awakening (1918) Danger, Go Slow (1918) The Miracle of Love (1919) The Scarlet Shadow (1919) What Am I Bid? (1919) Heedless Moths (1921) Peacock Alley (1922) Fascination (1922) Jazzmania (1923) Fashion Row (1923) Love's Wilderness (1924) Bright Lights (1925) A Little Journey (1927) The Demi-Bride (1927) The Cardboard Lover (1928) Marianne (1929) (silent and musical versions) The Divorcee (1930) Susan Lenox (Her Fall and Rise) (1931) Strange Interlude (1932) Dancing Lady (1933) After Office Hours (1935) Escapade (1935) Piccadilly Jim (1936) The Great Ziegfeld (1936) Maytime (1937) The Girl of the Golden West (1938) New Moon (1940) Pride and Prejudice (1940) Ziegfeld Girl (1941) Stand by for Action (1942) Abbott and Costello in Hollywood (1945) (cameo scene with Lucille Ball and Preston Foster) Week-End at the Waldorf (1945) Cynthia (1947) B.F.'s Daughter (1948) In the Good Old Summertime (1949) Duchess of Idaho (1950) The Bribe (1949) Her Twelve Men (1954) Beautiful But Dangerous (1955) Kelly and Me (1957) ^ Looser, Devoney (2017). The Making of Jane Austen. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 130. ISBN 1421422824. ^ http://projects.latimes.com/hollywood/star-walk/robert-z-leonard/ ^ "Robert Z. Leonard \| Hollywood Walk of Fame". www.walkoffame.com. Retrieved August 19, 2016. ^ "Robert Z. Leonard". latimes.com. Retrieved August 19, 2016. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Robert Z. Leonard. Robert Z. Leonard on IMDb Robert Z. Leonard at Find a Grave Robert Z. Leonard at Virtual History Robert Z. Leonard portrait from the 1910s Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Z._Leonard&oldid=897387459"	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11473
__label__wiki	0.773999	0.773999	Sandra Minnert Sandra Minnert (born 7 April 1973 in Gedern, Hesse) is a former German football defender. She played for SC 07 Bad Neuenahr and the German national team. (1973-04-07) 7 April 1973 (age 46) Gedern, West Germany SC 07 Bad Neuenahr SG Gelhaar/Usenborn TSG Bleichenbach 1.FFC Frankfurt Washington Freedom National team‡ Germany 147 (16) Representing Germany 2000 Sydney Team Competition 2004 Athens Team Competition ‡ National team caps and goals correct as of 01 November 2007 Bundesliga: Winner 1994–95, 1997–98 DFB-Pokal: Winner 1991–92, 1994–95, 1995–96 DFB-Hallenpokal for women: Winner 1995 Bundesliga: Winner 2000–01, 2001–02, 2002–03 UEFA Women's Champions League: Winner 2001–02 Women's United Soccer Association: Winner 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup: Winner 2003, 2007, Runners-up 1995 UEFA Women's Championship: Winner 1995, 1997, 2001, 2005 Football at the Summer Olympics: Bronze medal 2000, 2004 IndividualEdit FIFA Women's World Cup All Star Team: 2003 Silbernes Lorbeerblatt: Winner 1995, 1997, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007 Coaching careerEdit Minnert was named as the new Head Coach of his club SC 07 Bad Neuenahr on 6 April 2009.[1] ^ Sandra Minnert ist neue Trainerin des Bundesligisten[permanent dead link] Sandra Minnert – FIFA competition record This biographical article related to women's association football in Germany is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sandra_Minnert&oldid=856061719"	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11474
__label__wiki	0.925633	0.925633	Sembawang is a planning area and residential town located the North Region of Singapore. Sembawang planning area is bordered by Simpang to the east, Mandai to the south, Yishun to the southeast, Woodlands to the west and the Straits of Johor to the north. Planning Area and HDB Town Other transcription(s) • Chinese • Pinyin Sān Bā Wàng • Malay • Jawi سمباوڠ • Tamil செம்பவாங் From top left to right: HDB flats along Sungei Sembawang, Senoko Power Station, Sembawang Shipyard, MRT viaduct in Sembawang, Wak Hassan Beach Location of Sembawang within Singapore Coordinates: 1°26′56.8″N 103°49′6.58″E / 1.449111°N 103.8184944°E / 1.449111; 103.8184944 North West CDC Sembawang Town Council Sembawang GRC Teo Ho Pin • Members of Parliament Khaw Boon Wan Lim Wee Kiak Ong Ye Kung • Residential (2018)[1][2][3] 7,100/km2 (18,000/sq mi) Demonym(s) Sembawang resident Colloquial Sembawanger Sembawangian Sembawangite Dwelling units Projected ultimate Despite the relatively large development in the Sembawang New Town, the area remains largely suburban, with military, industrial and recreational facilities at its periphery. It hosted a major naval base and port facilities since the early 20th century, and continues to handle regular shipping traffic today along its wharves. The earliest reference to Sembawang is found in Franklin and Jackson's 1830 Map of Singapore, which refers to the River Tambuwang. The place is said to have got its name from the Sembawang tree, (Kayae ferruginea), which has been renamed Mesua ferruginea from 1980. This tree can be seen at Sembawang Park.[4] The Sembawang area in the early twentieth century was the site of the Nee Soon Rubber estate. During the colonial times, Sembawang was home to a major British naval base, its construction of which began in 1928 and was completed in 1938.[5] The base included dockyards, wharves and workshops, as well as supporting administrative, residential and commercial areas. The Naval Base has since been handed over to the Singapore government, which in 1968 converted it into a commercial dockyard (as Sembawang Shipyard, now part of Singapore Exchange-listed SembCorp Marine) that went on to become SembCorp, a major state-owned industrial conglomerate. Main articles: Singapore strategy, Singapore Naval Base, and Sembawang Air Base See also: Battle of Singapore, Japanese occupation of Singapore, Bombing of Singapore (8 December 1941), and Bombing of Singapore (1944–1945) A flight of RAAF Avro Lincoln bombers overflying Singapore Naval Base, June 1953. External image Sembawang Naval Pier Sembawang Naval Pier, circa 1990s The completion of Royal Navy's Singapore Naval Base (also known as HMS Sembawang) in 1938 and RAF Sembawang (also known as HMS Simbang) in March 1940 marked the start of military presence in Sembawang. In February 1942, both bases were partially torched and wrecked by the retreating British forces during the Battle of Singapore to deny their use by units of the advancing Imperial Japanese Army. After the end of World War II in 1945, both bases were reverted to British control and would eventually go on to play an important part in Britain's continued military presence in the Far East (along with the three other RAF bases in Singapore: RAF Changi, RAF Seletar and RAF Tengah) during the critical period of Malayan Emergency (1948–1960), the Brunei Revolt in 1962 and during the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation (1962–1966). Despite the withdrawal of British forces from Singapore in 1971 and the handover of the Singapore Naval Base to the Singapore Government in 1968, the British Ministry of Defence (MoD) continues to maintain a small logistics base at Sembawang wharf to control most of the foreign military activities there, which includes repair, refuel and resupply for ships of the Australian, British and New Zealand navies as well as those from other Commonwealth countries under the auspices of Five Power Defence Arrangements (FPDA).[6] This special arrangement was also extended to the United States Navy since early 1960s to support the American involvement in the Vietnam War.[6][dead link] As part of a 1990 agreement between Singapore and the United States, American military forces (primarily naval and air force) have been making use of Sembawang's base facilities. The Task Force 73 (and Commander Logistic Group Western Pacific), part of US 7th Fleet, has been headquartered in Sembawang since 1992.[7] Sembawang CampEdit The Sembawang Camp is a Singapore Armed Forces military base on Admiralty Road, open only to military personnel on official business. The camp houses the 1st and 3rd Transport Battalion of the Singapore Army, as well as the Republic of Singapore Navy's Naval Diving Unit (NDU). Also, the compound housing the Naval Diving Unit was previously known as Terror Camp in deference to the old admin and Officers club section of the Royal Naval facility which was called HMS Terror. Land reclamationEdit Extensive land reclamation throughout Singapore has left Sembawang with one of the country's last natural beaches,[8][9] the Wak Hassan Beach located at Sembawang Park. Today, the vegetable farms, rubber plantations and Chinese graveyards surrounding the former naval base have given way to modern housing, especially in the 1990s during the development of a New Town by the Singapore Housing and Development Board. The town remains a major port, with Sembawang Wharves handling a high volume of bulk commodities cargo, such as timber and rubber.[10] Roads and waterwaysEdit Sembawang Road is one of the key roads built to connect the naval base to the city centre in the South. This road began as a track in the 1920s and was officially named Sembawang Road in 1938. Buses operated by various private companies were then the main mode of transport. The thoroughfare was also dotted with many villages along its length: Chye Kay Village, Sungei Simpang Village, Chong Pang Village, Sembawang Village. Most of these villages were cleared during the 1970s–1990s to make way for Yishun and Sembawang New Towns. The last of the villages, Kampong Wak Hassan, was cleared in 1998. Present day Sembawang Road is a major arterial road linking the Northern and Central portion of Singapore. Many other roads in Sembawang are named after various Royal Navy dockyards, warships, admirals, countries and cities. Examples include Wellington, Canberra, Canada, Gibraltar, Kenya and Falkland. These names were given during the previous British administration, and reflect the town's history as a British naval base. The main river running through Sembawang, the 4-kilometre (2.5 mi) long Sungei Sembawang, flowed along a winding route and ended to the west of Sembawang Shipyard. Its middle section was diverted in the 1920s to provide the land needed for the British Naval Base. During the 1970s, the Northern portions of the river was straightened and canalized. The Southern portions of the river, which consisted of mangroves, ponds and grassland, was filled in during the 1990s in preparation for the development of Sembawang New Town. Modern historyEdit The planning of Sembawang New Town started in 1996 where the Woodlands MRT Extension was opened, and Sembawang MRT Station was also opened at the same time. When the station was opened, the area was undeveloped except the Canberra Road and the then-developing Sembawang New Town. This was resolved in 1998 because of the accelerating development of Sembawang New Town, which was completed in 2004. These HDB flats were within Sembawang, Canberra and Gambas division.[11] Main facilitiesEdit Sembawang MRT Station The new town contains some of the most common communal facilities found in Singapore, such as: Sembawang Bus Interchange, strategically located next to Sun Plaza, was completed on 20 November 2005. This replaced the old bus terminals located at the Northern tip of Sembawang Road, just next to Sembawang Park and the other located along Admiralty Road West. Five primary schools, including Sembawang Primary School, Canberra Primary School, Endeavour Primary School, Wellington Primary School, and Northoaks Primary School. Two secondary schools, including Sembawang Secondary School and Canberra Secondary School. Three shopping centres, including Sembawang Shopping Centre, Canberra Plaza and Sun Plaza next to the Sembawang MRT Station. Sembawang Public Library, which is managed by the National Library Board and situated within the Sun Plaza shopping centre. Notable PlacesEdit Sembawang ParkEdit Sembawang Park, a 15 hectare tranquil park developed in the 1970s and maintained by the National Parks Board, is situated at the Northern tip of Sembawang Road. One of the few parks in Singapore with a natural beach, the Wak Hassan Beach, this park is a heaven for city dwellers who are tired of the never-ending concrete buildings and sky-scrapers. It's a popular spot for campers as well as families who wish to spend an idyllic day by the beach. One can dine at the Beaulieu House, built in 1910, which was the residence of Admiral Sir Geoffrey Layton (Commander-in-Chief British Eastern Fleet, 1940–1942). A wide range of fauna and flora awaits visitors, ranging from the spectacular cannonball tree (Couroupita guianensis) to the many species of birds which have made the park their nesting grounds.[12] Cannonball tree Sembawang Park ConnectorEdit The Sembwang Park Connector is part of the Park Connector Network managed by the National Parks Board. As their name imply, these connectors aim to form a continuous loop which would hopefully connect all the major parks within Singapore. The Sembawang Park Connector runs parallel to Sungei Sembawang, a canal which serves as the demarcation between Woodlands and Sembawang New Towns. Simpang Kiri Park ConnectorEdit The Simpang Kiri Park Connector demarcates the Southern border of Sembawang New Town, starting from the southernmost tip of Canberra Link and terminating at Jalan Mempurong. It follows the river Sungei Simpang Kiri which is 5-kilometres long. Sembawang Hot SpringEdit The Sembawang Hot Spring, discovered in 1909, is located near the junction of Sembawang Road and Gambas Avenue, on Jalan Ulu Sembawang. It is Singapore mainland's only natural hot spring and was once bottled for sale under the label Seletaris by Fraser and Neave, a food and beverage company. Located on land used by the Ministry of Defence, improvement works were carried out in the area surrounding the spring and it was re-opened to the public on 1 May 2002. ^ a b City Population - statistics, maps and charts \| Sembawang ^ a b HDB Key Statistics FY 2014/2015 Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine ^ "Statistics Singapore - Geographic Distribution - 2018 Latest Data". Retrieved 11 February 2019. ^ "Sembawang - Housing & Development Board (HDB)". www.hdb.gov.sg. Retrieved 13 May 2018. ^ Singapore. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001–07 Archived 2 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine ^ Global Security article on the US military in Singapore ^ Singapore finds it hard to expand without sand ^ Ruminations: A trip to Sembawang Archived 18 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine ^ Singapore – Sea ^ Sembawang GRC map ^ Birds of Sembawang Victor R Savage, Brenda S A Yeoh (2003), Toponymics – A Study of Singapore Street Names, Eastern Universities Press, ISBN 981-210-205-1 N Edwards, Peter Keys (1985), Singapore, A Guide to Buildings, Streets, Places, Times Books International, ISBN 9971-65-231-5 Yim Chee Peng (2001), Sembawang Town : Aesthetically Yours, Roseapple Books Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sembawang. Sembawang Town Council Official Website Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sembawang&oldid=905329845"	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11475
__label__wiki	0.886651	0.886651	St. Patrick High School (New Jersey) Not to be confused with Saint Patrick School (New Jersey). St. Patrick High School Academy was a co-educational four-year Catholic high school in Elizabeth, New Jersey, United States. The school operated under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark.[4] The school was founded as a vocational school in 1863 as part of Saint Patrick's Parish in Elizabeth, making it the oldest parochial high school in New Jersey.[5] The school was closed in June 2012 by the Newark Archdiocese in the face of increasing costs and declining enrollment, though administrators and parents affiliated with the defunct school opened an independent non-denominational school located on Morris Avenue in Elizabeth called "The Patrick School" in September 2012.[6][7] St. Patrick High School Academy St. Patrick High School in Elizabeth, NJ 40°39′09″N 74°11′12″W / 40.652373°N 74.186799°W / 40.652373; -74.186799Coordinates: 40°39′09″N 74°11′12″W / 40.652373°N 74.186799°W / 40.652373; -74.186799 Private, Coeducational Religious affiliation(s) Archdiocese of Newark Joseph Picaro Rev. Dennis Kaelin 210 [1] (2009-10) 12.5:1[1] Green and Athletics conference Union County Interscholastic Athletic Conference Basketball, Baseball, Girls Basketball, Track, Cross Country, Volleyball, Soccer Fighting Celtics St. Anthony, St. Benedict's Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools[3] The Celtic Pride Chris Chavannes Admissions Director Rich Biddulph Robert "Red" Migliore St. Patrick Academy in Elizabeth, New Jersey St. Patrick rectory in Elizabeth, NJ As of the 2009-10 school year, the school had an enrollment of 210 students and 16.8 faculty members (on an FTE basis), resulting in a student–teacher ratio of 12.5:1.[1] St. Patrick High School had been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools since 1992.[3] Following the closing of St. Patrick High School, faculty and staff led to the creation of The Patrick School, an independent private school that retains a connection to St. Patrick High School. In January 2018, NBA star Kyrie Irving, an alum of St. Patrick, donated a new gym to The Patrick School.[8] St. Patrick church steeples in Elizabeth, NJ The Patrick School Celtics / Lady Celtics competed in basketball under the auspices of the New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association.[2] St. Patrick High School's athletic program was most noted for a storied boys basketball program that has produced numerous college and professional level players. For nearly 20 years, under the direction of head coach Kevin Boyle, the team captured multiple NJSIAA sectional and state titles as well as five NJSIAA Tournament of Champions titles (1998, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009). They have gained recognition from multiple national media outlets and have been a staple in many national rankings, including the ESPN RISE Fab 50, USA Today Super 25, and the Max Preps Top 25. In 2000, the boys basketball team won the Parochial North B sectional title with a 77-56 win over Paterson Catholic High School in the tournament final.[9] In 2003, the boys basketball team won the Non-Public, North B sectional title with a 76-64 win against Paterson Catholic.[10] The team advanced to take the Parochial Group B State championship with an 86-56 win against Cardinal McCarrick High School.[11] The team took the title in the 2003 Boys Basketball Tournament of Champions, defeating Camden Catholic High School in the tournament final.[12] The team won the Non-Public, North B sectional title in 2005 with a 77-62 win against Paterson Catholic.[13] The team fell short in the final game of the 2005 Boys Basketball Tournament of Champions, falling 63-60 to Seton Hall Preparatory School.[14] The team took the 2006 Non-Public Group B State Championship with an 83-57 win against Wildwood Catholic High School.[15] The team won the 2006 Tournament of Champions with a 61-54 win against Linden High School.[16] The team ended the season ranked 11th in the nation by USA Today in its final 2006 rankings.[17] The 2007 boys basketball team won the North B state sectional championship with a 62-46 win against St. Anthony High School.[18] The team moved on to win the Non-Public Group B State Championship with an 85-56 victory against Wildwood Catholic.[19] The team won the 2007 Boys Basketball Tournament of Champions for the second consecutive year with an 85-61 win over Bloomfield Tech High School; Corey Fisher (Villanova University) broke the NJSIAA Tournament of Champions final record by scoring 32 points.[20] The team was ranked second in the nation by USA Today in its final rankings for 2007, falling just short of the top spot in the newspaper's calculations.[21] Coming on the heels of his team's second consecutive Tournament of Champions win, boys basketball head coach Kevin Boyle was selected as the 2007 Coach of the Year by USA Today. Through the 2007 season, Boyle had coached the team to a 407-120 record in his 19 seasons with the team, including a 58-6 record in the 2006 and 2007 seasons.[22] In 2009, the boys basketball team captured its third NJSIAA Tournament of Champions Title in four years, beating Science Park High School 73-57. Along the way winning the Non-Public B North Sectional title beating Paterson Catholic 79-54, and the Non-Public B state title defeating Trenton Catholic Academy 76-62. Finishing one of the most successful seasons in the school's illustrious basketball history with a record of 30-3. Ranked #3 nationally in the ESPN Rise Fab 50 and #4 nationally in the USA Today Super 25. In 2010, the NJSIAA executive committee banned St. Patrick's boys basketball team from competing in the 2010 state tournament and suspended head coach Kevin Boyle for three games after it had come to light that the team had violated state regulations when Boyle had attended and been involved in unsanctioned off-season workouts. Guidelines stipulate that coaches are not allowed to be involved in basketball related activities prior to Thanksgiving Day, which according to the NJSIAA is the official start of the basketball season. These sessions were intentionally video taped by a former state police officer hired by the NJSIAA. St. Patrick's argued that taping these events violated the players' constitutional rights, and were therefore unlawful evidence. Despite being unable to defend their 2009 Tournament of Champions title, the team had finished 26-3 including winning the MaxPreps Holiday Classic in San Diego.[23] Notable alumniEdit DeAndre' Bembry (born 1994, class of 2013), small forward for the Atlanta Hawks[24] Grant Billmeier (born 1984), former center for the Seton Hall University Pirates men's basketball team[25] Derrick Caracter (born 1988), power forward/center, formerly for the Los Angeles Lakers basketball team, now with A.S. Ramat HaSharon of the Israeli Liga Leumit, played at St. Patrick for his freshman, junior and part of his senior year[26] Samuel Dalembert (born 1981, class of 1999), former professional basketball player, drafted out of Seton Hall University after his sophomore year, led the NBA in shots blocked per game during the 2005-06 season[27] John J. Fay, Jr. (1927–2003), member of the New Jersey General Assembly and the New Jersey Senate[28] Corey Fisher (born 1988), former point guard for Villanova University, now playing overseas[29] Jamie Fox (1954-2017), New Jersey political appointee[30] Michael Kidd-Gilchrist (born 1993, class of 2011), Charlotte Hornets basketball player[31] Derrick Gordon (born 1991), former college basketball player[32] Al Harrington (born 1980, class of 1998), former professional basketball player who jumped to the NBA directly from St. Patrick[33] Kyrie Irving (born 1992, class of 2010), point guard for the Boston Celtics[34] Herve Lamizana (born 1981), basketball player[35] Yves Mekongo (born 1987), basketball player[36] James P. Mitchell (1900–1964), served as United States Secretary of Labor from 1953 to 1961 and ran unsuccessfully for Governor of New Jersey[37] Thomas Mitchell (1892-1962), the first person to win the "triple crown" of acting awards (Oscar, Emmy, Tony); Uncle of James[38] Mike Nardi (born 1985), former guard for Villanova University's basketball team, former professional basketball player overseas[39] Nick Richards (born 1997, class of 2017), basketball player for the Kentucky Wildcats[40] Jeff Robinson (born 1988), professional basketball player for AZS Koszalin[41] Dexter Strickland (born 1990, class of 2009), former University of North Carolina basketball player, now playing professionally[42] ^ a b c d Data for St. Patrick High School, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed October 23, 2011. ^ a b Patrick School, New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association. Accessed July 26, 2018. ^ a b Saint Patrick High School Archived 2008-02-13 at the Wayback Machine, Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools. Accessed July 25, 2007. ^ Catholic Secondary Schools: Union County Archived 2003-02-02 at Archive.today, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark. Accessed July 25, 2007. ^ Welcome to Saint Patrick High School Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine, St. Patrick High School. Accessed July 25, 2007. ^ Stanmyre, Matthew. "Recently closed St. Patrick High closing in on new location", The Star-Ledger, July 20, 2012. Accessed April 9, 2013. "The Archdiocese of Newark — which had provided oversight for St. Patrick — decided to close the school June 30 because of dwindling enrollment and serious financial struggles.The Patrick School will re-open in the fall as a private school out of the Archdiocese's oversight. The new school has commitments from about 150 students, Picaro said." ^ Araton, Harvey. "A Faith Is Tested, and Then Renewed", The New York Times, February 27, 2013. Accessed April 9, 2013. "To mark the one-year anniversary of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark’s announcement that it would close St. Patrick — forcing it to soldier on as the nondenominational, grades 7-to-12 Patrick School — Picaro’s beloved boys basketball team will begin state tournament play on Friday, a triumph in itself." ^ Schneider, Jeremy. "Kyrie Irving funds Patrick School gym renovation: Once a Celtic, always a Celtic", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, January 7, 2018. Accessed July 26, 2018. "The program finally got a gym when it moved to a new building in Hillside in 2016, but it still needed serious work. Boston Celtics star Kyrie Irving, one of the program's most prominent graduates, made sure the work got done. Irving paid to have Patrick School's gym renovated and build the team a new locker room, lounge and weight room." ^ Parochial Sectional - Parochial North B, New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association. Accessed July 25, 2007. ^ 2003 Boys Basketball - Non-Public, North B, New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association. Accessed July 25, 2007. ^ 2003 Boys Basketball - Parochial Finals, New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association. Accessed July 25, 2007. ^ 2003 Boys Basketball - Tournament of Champions, New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association. Accessed July 25, 2007. ^ 2006 Boys Basketball - Non-Public Finals, New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association. Accessed July 25, 2007. ^ 2006 Boys Basketball - T of C, New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association. Accessed July 25, 2007. ^ Lawlor, Christopher. "Final Super 25 boys' basketball rankings", USA Today, March 27, 2006. ^ 2007 Boys Basketball - North B, New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association. Accessed July 25, 2007. ^ Lawlor, Christopher. "Super 25: Virginia's Oak Hill Academy finishes on top", USA Today. Accessed July 25, 2007. ^ "Love leads way on 2007 All-USA boys hoops team", USA Today. Accessed July 25, 2007. ^ Idec, Keith. "NJSIAA bans St. Pat's, clears Paterson Catholic's obstacle", The Record (New Jersey), February 12, 2012. Accessed January 7, 2012. "The NJSIAA’s executive committee voted, 27-0, Friday during a meeting in Robbinsville in favor of the recommendation made by its controversies committee to ban national power St. Patrick’s from its boys basketball tournament next month. The NJSIAA also suspended Celtics coach Kevin Boyle for three games for conducting organized workouts prior to the official start of the season." ^ Schneider, Jeremy. "NBA Draft 2016: N.J.'s DeAndre' Bembry drafted 21st by Atlanta Hawks", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, June 23, 2016. Accessed July 26, 2018. "Former Patrick School star DeAndre' Bembry, a standout at Saint Joseph's, was drafted 21st overall by the Atlanta Hawks in the 2016 NBA Draft on Thursday night, becoming the second Garden State native selected on the night." ^ Grant Billmeier Archived 2011-07-09 at the Wayback Machine, Seton Hall University. Accessed September 16, 2007. "Attended Pennington School as a freshman, averaging 15 points, 12 rebounds and four blocks... Chosen to the All-Prep First Team... Transferred to St. Patrick’s after his freshman year." ^ Goodman, Jeff. "Heralded recruit struggles with expectations", USA Today, November 16, 2005. Accessed November 30, 2007. ^ "Made In Jersey: Samuel Dalembert", The Star-Ledger, March 4, 2007. Accessed August 1, 2007. "St. Patrick's: Dalembert averaged 13 points and 14 rebounds as a 1999 senior All-State selection for coach Kevin Boyle in Elizabeth. He started playing basketball as a high school sophomore." ^ Martin, Douglas. "John J. Fay Jr., 76, Ombudsman For the Elderly of New Jersey", The New York Times, October 29, 2003. Accessed July 7, 2010. ^ "The 2 Coreys are set for reality show". Philadelphia Daily News. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved August 30, 2007. ^ Hedges, Chris. "Public Lives; McGreevey's Chief of Staff Prefers Off-Stage Politics", The New York Times, April 15, 2003. Accessed October 23, 2011. ^ Collings, Buddy. "Austin Rivers, Michael Gilchrist: Boys game to bring out stars, TV cameras", Orlando Sentinel, January 13, 2011. Accessed June 1, 2011. "Sure, the final score matters, particularly with St. Patrick (8-0) in the hunt for a mythical national championship. But the show is going to be all about Winter Park guard Austin Rivers and St. Patrick small forward Michael Gilchrist." ^ Fagan, Kate (April 9, 2014). "UMass' Derrick Gordon says he's gay". ESPN.com. Retrieved April 9, 2014. ^ Staff. "Al Harrington retires after 16 seasons", ESPN.com, March 19, 2015. Accessed March 19, 2015. "Harrington, who jumped from St. Patrick High School in Elizabeth, New Jersey, straight to the NBA, averaged 13.5 points and 5.6 rebounds in a 16-year career that included stops with seven teams, including two stints with the Pacers (1998 to 2004 and part of the 2006-07 season), Hawks, Warriors, Knicks, Nuggets, Magic and Wizards." ^ Orr, Conor. "NBA Draft 2011: Kyrie Irving, St. Patrick alum, is a No. 1 prospect thanks to keen work ethic, talent", The Star-Ledger, June 23, 2011. Accessed October 23, 2011. "Before his player-of-the-year banner hung inside the hollowed-out church where he played, there were nights when Kyrie Irving didn’t have anyone to practice against. The bouncing ball echoed through St. Patrick High School’s worn cream-and-green walls, through the narrow hallway past the principal’s office, around the picture of Pope John Paul II and out onto Court Street. Surrounding him was little else but the three retired jerseys of the players he’d transferred there to be like — Shaheen Holloway, Al Harrington, Samuel Dalembert." ^ Riley, Nadia. "Big man providing leadership"[permanent dead link], The Daily Targum, February 19, 2004. Accessed June 20, 2008. "During his senior year at St. Patrick's High School in Elizabeth, Lamizana averaged 13.1 points and 12.1 rebounds per game, leading one of the top high school programs in the country to a 25-6 season, the Parochial B Championship, and its record fifth consecutive Union County Tournament Title." ^ Rosenfeld, Josh. "NJ Boys Basketball: St. Pat's Alum Named Academic All-America", The Star-Ledger, February 28, 2010. Accessed October 23, 2011. "Yves Mekongo, a key member of St. Patrick’s Tournament of Champions winner in 2006, was one of five players selected as first team Academic All-America by the College Sports Information Directors of America." ^ Guzda, Henry P. "James P. Mitchell: social conscience of the Cabinet", Monthly Labor Review, August 1991. Accessed June 20, 2008. ^ Fitzsimmons, Brian. Celtic Pride: How Coach Kevin Boyle Took St. Patrick to the Top of High School Basketball, p. 3, iUniverse, 2011. ISBN 1462063705. Accessed March 12, 2012. "Thomas Mitchell, a member of the St. Patrick class of 1910, played Uncle Billy in It's a Wonderful Life and Scarlet's father in Gone with the Wind." ^ Player Bio: Mike Nardi, CSTV. Accessed June 20, 2008. ^ Jordan, Jason. "Kentucky signee Nick Richards calls becoming McDonald's All American a dream come true", USA Today High School Sports, January 25, 2017. Accessed November 17, 2018. "The Patrick School (Elizabeth, N.J.) center Nick Richards doesn’t have the typical story that accompanies being a five-star recruit." ^ Luicci, Tom. "Former St. Patrick star Jeff Robinson transferring to Seton Hall", The Star-Ledger, January 14, 2009. Accessed October 23, 2014. "Jeff Robinson is coming home in part because of what he calls 'family issues' but also because of a selfish reason, one he openly admits to: The former star at St. Patrick High School in Elizabeth simply wants to play more." ^ Orr, Conor. "North Carolina's Dexter Strickland, a former St. Patrick star, puts his ego aside", The Star-Ledger, March 25, 2011. Accessed October 23, 2011. St. Patrick High School St. Patrick Athletics Data for St. Patrick High School, National Center for Education Statistics Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=St._Patrick_High_School_(New_Jersey)&oldid=895207340"	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11476
__label__wiki	0.992787	0.992787	The Baxters The Baxters is an American-Canadian sitcom that aired as a syndicated series from September 1979 to August 1981. The original American incarnation of the series aired locally from 1977 to 1979 on the Boston station WCVB; in 1979, Norman Lear took over production, and a recast version aired nationally in the 1979-80 television season. Facing cancellation, the series was then acquired by a Canadian firm who moved the production to Toronto, Ontario and recast it again, and lasted one more season as a Canadian series before ending its run in 1981. Season 1 title card Hubert Jessup Season 1: Larry Keith Anita Gillette Derin Altay Chris Petersen Terri Lynn Wood Terry Tweed Marianne McIsaac Sammy Snyders Megan Follows Marvin Laird Chet Collier Fern Field (producer) Richard J. Clayman (associate producer) Wendell Wilkes Camera setup T.A.T. Communications Company (season 1) Wilks and Close Productions BBI Communications September 1979 (1979-09) – August 1981 (1981-08) The series was the first "interactive" sitcom, depicting a middle-class St. Louis family. Each 30-minute episode was split into two parts; the first half was a vignette dramatizing the events in the lives of the Baxter family, and the second was a live studio audience "talk show" segment where audiences were given the opportunity to participate and voice their opinions about the issues raised in that week's episode. The Baxters were an "average" middle-class family living in a suburb of St. Louis. Fred Baxter (Larry Keith) was an insurance salesman and Nancy (Anita Gillette) a housewife and mother. Naomi (Derin Altay), was their adopted 19-year-old daughter, Jonah (Chris Petersen) was their 14-year-old son, and their youngest, Rachel (Terri Lynn Wood) was their 10-year-old daughter. The series followed the Baxter family as they dealt with various important and, in some cases, controversial, issues of the day. In one episode they were faced with whether to commit Mother Baxter to a nursing home; in another, whether the fact that Jonah's teacher was a homosexual would harm their son; and in another, Fred faced a dilemma over whether to turn a small, money-losing apartment house he owned into condominiums, thus forcing out some of the tenants. The second season featured an all new cast as another Baxter family; Jim Baxter (Sean McCann) became a schoolteacher and his wife Susan Baxter (Terry Tweed) returned to work. Their kids were now 19-year-old Allison (Marianne McIsaac), 14-year-old Greg (Sammy Snyders) and 10-year-old Lucy (Megan Follows). The format, however, was essentially the same. Unlike most other sitcoms, each episode was open-ended, the first half of each episode being a vignette featuring the Baxter family and presenting a situation or dilemma they faced, and the second half, an "instant analysis" talk-show format, giving a live studio audience and guests a chance to talk about the topic being presented. Stations carrying the show could choose between producing their own discussion segments locally, or presenting a national version of the segment which, during its first season, was produced in Los Angeles, and in its second season, Toronto. The discussion moderator in the second segment was different in each city, and in some local markets, viewers were invited to call in and voice their reactions. Season 1 (1979-1980)Edit Larry Keith as Fred Baxter Anita Gillette as Nancy Baxter Derin Altay as Naomi Baxter Chris Petersen as Jonah Baxter Terri Lynn Wood as Rachael Baxter Sean McCann as Jim Baxter Terry Tweed as Susan Baxter Marianne McIsaac as Allison Baxter Sammy Snyders as Gregg Baxter Megan Follows as Lucy Baxter The program originally began as a local production at WCVB-TV Boston, in early 1977, where it had been created by a former divinity student named Hubert Jessup as part of his Sunday morning public-affairs show.[1][2][3] Jessup persuaded station management to try it in the early evening, where it gained a loyal following.[3] During the WCVB-produced seasons, before syndication, the initial cast was primarily composed of local Boston actors. After two seasons as a local show in Boston, producer Norman Lear offered to produce the program in Hollywood and put it into nationwide syndication for the 1979-1980 season.[4][5] For the Lear incarnation of the series, the show was re-cast with nationally known actors including Larry Keith, Anita Gillette and popular teen actor of the time, Chris Petersen (credited by several online sources, including IMDb, as "Chris Peterson", but this is a misspelling).[4][5][6] The show was slated to end production after its Lear-produced season due to poor ratings performance.[7] However, the show was then acquired by a Canadian firm, Wilks and Close Productions, who moved the production to Toronto and recast it with Canadian actors — including Sean McCann, Terry Tweed and child actors Sammy Snyders and Megan Follows[8] — playing a different version of the Baxter family.[7] Lear withdrew from the production at this time. In Canada, the show's broadcast and syndication was handled by CHCH-TV, an independent station in Hamilton, Ontario which was emerging as one of Canada's leading distributors of syndicated programming,[7] while American distribution rights reverted to its original creators in Boston. The retooled version, however, also lasted only a single season before ending production in 1981. ^ "The Baxters - Fuzzy Memories TV". FuzzyMemories.tv. Retrieved 2011-03-24. ^ "Herbert Jessup - Newton Free Library". NewtonFreeLibrary.net. Retrieved 2011-03-24. ^ a b "The Complete Directory to Prime Time TV Shows". Ballantine Books. October 2007. ^ a b "The Baxters - IMDb". IMDb.com. Retrieved 2011-03-24. ^ a b "The Baxters - TV Guide". TVGuide.com. Retrieved 2011-03-24. ^ "The Baxters - Yahoo! TV". TV.Yahoo.com. Retrieved 2011-03-24. ^ a b c "Canadian Baxters aims to do better". The Globe and Mail, August 14, 1980. ^ "The Baxters - Film.com". Film.com. Retrieved 2011-03-24. The Baxters on IMDb The Baxters episode guide at TV Guide The Baxters at The Museum of Classic Chicago Television Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Baxters&oldid=896816616"	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11477
__label__wiki	0.792583	0.792583	Press Releases Freedom of the Press Ecuador @en Venezuela Panama Papers: Harassment of journalists in Ecuador and Venezuela MIAMI, Florida (April 15, 2016)—The Inter American Press Association (IAPA) today condemned and called for an end to harassment of Ecuadorean journalists who collaborated in the "Panama Papers" international investigation after President Rafael Correa made public their photos, names and social media accounts. The organization also criticized the fact that media identified as being supporters of the government of Venezuela also are harassing investigative reporters. "We hold President Correa responsible for the physical integrity of journalists and for his constant policy of intimidation," declared Claudio Paolillo, chairman of the IAPA's Committee on Freedom of the Press and Information. President Correa on April 12 published on Twitter the names and social media accounts of five of the six Ecuadorean journalists who took part in the "Panama Papers" investigation and urged his followers to send them messages. Some of the journalists have complained that in their accounts they have received insults and even the publication of photos with members of their families, including minor children, with the intent of intimidating them. Paolillo, editor of the Montevideo, Uruguay, weekly Búsqueda, added, "This is a very dangerous situation and it puts at great risk journalists whom in an underhand fashion are held to be 'guilty' of a situation of which they are only the messengers. The journalists are not mentioned in the leaked documents, they were carrying out their work to report," as part of the team of more than 370 journalists of 100 news media outlets of 76 countries that reviewed and evaluated the Panama Papers documents. The Ecuadorean journalists who collaborated with the investigation by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) are Arturo Torres, Andrés Jaramillo and Alberto Araujo of the Quito newspaper El Comercio; Mónica Almeida and Xavier Reyes of the Guayaquil newspaper El Universo, and Paul Mena of the San Francisco University, Quito. With the slogan promoted by President Correa calling on the journalists and media they work for to "reveal the truth" a dozen government supporters demonstrated on April 13 outside the buildings of El Comercio and El Universo. As regards Venezuela, pro-government media criticized and attacked journalists that collaborated in the Panama Papers investigation. According to the newspaper El Nacional "the pro-government portals are criticizing that there has been politicized the case of the documents that mention former Venezuelan officials." One of the journalists, Ewald Sharfenberg, declared that in the face of the Panama Papers of Venezuela "the government has only been able to say that we belong to the CIA." The Panama Papers are more than 11.5 million internal documents of almost 40 years of work by the Panama law firm Mossack Fonseca, a specialist in the registration of offshore companies. The leaked documents contain the names of the firm's international clients who benefited from the companies created in the tax havens, among them government officials, politicians, businessmen, drug traffickers, celebrities and sportsmen.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11478
__label__wiki	0.857398	0.857398	Press Releases Freedom of the Press Brazil Brazil: Legal action against WhatsApp is discriminatory MIAMI, Florida (May 3, 2016)—The Inter American Press Association (IAPA) today expressed concern at what it called an extreme action taken by a judge in Brazil who ordered a new blockade of the digital messaging service WhatsApp, calling it "discriminatory and disproportionate." The instant messaging app, accessed by more than 100 million users in Brazil, was suspended for 72 hours yesterday (Monday) after Judge Marcel Maia Montalvão ordered five mobile phone companies in the South American country to blockade WhatsApp. Montalvão's order was understood to be linked to a case underway in Sergipe state in northeastern Brazil, in which information is required about messages between users concerning drug trafficking. The chairman of the IAPA's Committee on Freedom of the Press and Information, Claudio Paolillo, declared, "The court order is a discriminatory and disproportionate action against a digital tool, which while some people can use to commit crimes in general serves for the benefit of communication of millions of people." Paolillo, editor of the Montevideo, Uruguay, weekly Búsqueda, added that innocent people are paying for what wrongdoers are guilty of. "If we make comparisons with the traditional media, one such action would be the equivalent of a judge prohibiting the publication of an entire issue of a newspaper, for the sole fact that a journalist or its editor refuses to reveal the source involved in one of its articles." Under this argument Paolillo declared that it is a dangerous action for freedom of expression, as it is something that is "grossly disproportionate in that it restricts all the users of that social media outlet in Brazil." He added that the courts should take more appropriate, reasonable and proportional actions instead of fully prohibiting something. In March Judge Montalvão had also ordered the arrest of Diego Jorge Dzodan, vice president of Facebook for Latin America, a company to which WhatsApp belongs. The arrest order was revoked one day later. In December 2015 another judge in São Paulo state ordered the suspension of the application for 48 hours. However, 13 hours later is was canceled. Unlike the punishment imposed in Brazil Paolillo recalled that the IAPA had noted that there was better sense in the public discussion generated in the United States when Apple resisted a court order arising from a request by the FBI for it to unblock a cell phone that had been the property of one of the San Bernardino terrorists.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11479
__label__cc	0.613526	0.386474	Elizabeth L. Gardner Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner Gardner in the pilot's seat of a Martin B-26 Marauder December 22, 2011 (aged 90) Service/branch United States Army Air Corps Elizabeth L. Gardner (1921 – December 22, 2011) was an American pilot during World War II who served as a member of the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP). She was one of the first American female military pilots[1] and the subject of a well-known photograph, sitting in the pilot's seat of a Martin B-26 Marauder.[2][3] In 2009, the 300 living WASP pilots were awarded a Congressional Gold Medal through a unit citation.[A] 2 Military career 3 Later life and legacy 4 External link 5.2 Citations 5.3 Bibliography Gardner was born in Rockford, Illinois,[9] in 1921. She graduated from Rockford High School in 1939.[10] She was a mother and housewife before the war started.[11] After she married, she took the last name Remba.[10] Military career[edit] After enlisting as a Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP), Gardner "had two days of training under Lieutenant Col. Paul Tibbets, who later commanded the B-29 that dropped the first atom bomb on Hiroshima."[9][11] She was the subject of an often-reproduced historical photo when she was 22 [see image above]; the original is held at the National Archives.[12][13][B] The photograph became emblematic of the place of women in the service of their country.[2][3] Gardiner flew Martin B-26 Marauder medium bombers,[15][16] including the AT-23 trainer version of the bomber.[1] One of her stations was in Dodge City, Kansas.[17][18] She was trained as a test pilot and flight instructor,[9] and she also flew aircraft that towed aerial targets.[9] After years of fighting for recognition of their military service,[19] Women Airforce Service Pilots were recognized with the Congressional Gold Medal in 2009.[5][20] Later life and legacy[edit] Congressional Gold Medal awarded to WASPs In December 1944, the government disbanded WASP, and Gardner returned to the private sector. She was a commercial pilot after World War II, flying for Piper Aircraft Corporation in Pennsylvania.[10][21] In that capacity, she became involved in public relations, using her piloting skills to ferry Piper customers, meeting with the Department of Defense, and writing all of William T. Piper's speeches.[21] Gardner worked as a test pilot after the war, including for General Textile Mills, which was working on an aircraft parachute that was intended to safely land aircraft that became disabled in flight. She participated in at least two tests with the device in December 1945, both of which forced her to bail out of the aircraft when the parachute became tangled in the test aircraft. During the second incident, the aircraft entered a dive when its elevators were jammed by the parachute; Gardner escaped from the cockpit, but she was only 500 ft (150 m) from the ground when her own parachute opened.[22] She died in New York on December 22, 2011.[10][23] Rockford, Illinois held a mural festival downtown in 2019 and included a mural by Ohio artists Jenny Roesel Ustick and Atalie Gagnet based on Gardner's time as a WASP.[10] Memorial for Elizabeth L. Gardner Remba at Find A Grave with additional information ^ They were granted veteran's status in 1977, after a prolonged legal battle.[4] They were also given the right to be buried in Arlington Cemetery.[5][6] Sculptor Don Everhart designed the medal,[7] and it is on display at the Boeing Aviation Hangar at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in Chantilly, Virginia.[8] ^ The photo was taken at Harlingen Army Air Field.[14] ^ a b Merryman 1998, p. photo 9. ^ a b Rosser 2008, p. 143. ^ a b See Ray, Michael. Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM. Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on May 23, 2019. Retrieved May 30, 2019. ; Plane & Pilot (December 7, 2017). "Plane Facts: Women In Aviation". Plane & Pilot. Archived from the original on May 23, 2019. Retrieved May 30, 2019. ; Rossen, Jake (April 18, 2018). "The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII". Mental Floss. Archived from the original on June 2, 2019. Retrieved May 30, 2019. ; and Fanelli, James (May 4, 2017). "Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them". Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on May 23, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2019. ^ "WWII Female Pilots Honored With Gold Medal". All Things Considered (Transcript). National Public Radio. March 10, 2010. Archived from the original on May 25, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2019. ^ a b "Obama awards WWII-era women pilots congressional medal". CNN. July 1, 2009. Archived from the original on November 24, 2018. Retrieved May 25, 2019. ^ Blakemore, Eric (May 23, 2016). "Female WWII Pilots Can Now Be Buried at Arlington National Cemetery Seventy-five years later". Smithsonian. Archived from the original on November 20, 2018. Retrieved May 24, 2019. WASPs have won one last battle. ^ Everhart, Don. "Congressional Gold Medals Don Everhart II". Archived from the original on May 26, 2019. Retrieved March 25, 2019. ^ "Congressional Gold Medal Women Airforce service Pilots". Archived from the original on May 25, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2019. ^ a b c d Hultgren, Randy (February 17, 2016). "Female WWII Pilots Deserve Full Recognition". Medium. Archived from the original on May 26, 2019. Retrieved December 20, 2018. ^ a b c d e Mason, Derrick (May 18, 2019). "Muralists rediscover female Rockford pilot history nearly forgot". Rockford Register Star. Archived from the original on May 27, 2019. Retrieved May 22, 2019. ^ a b Gordon, Kelli D. (December 28, 2014). "Veteran of the Week". WASP – Women Airforce Service Pilots – World War II. Texas, US. Archived from the original on April 9, 2016 – via web.archive.org. ^ Erdrich, Ronald W. "WASP history one of stings, buzz and perseverance". Abilene Reporter-News. ^ "Women's Airforce Service Pilot Elizabeth L. Gardner \| DocsTeach". docsteach.org. ^ "Teachers's Classroom Study Guide" (PDF). George W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum. 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 18, 2017. Retrieved May 25, 2019. ^ Brown & Foreman 2015, p. 129. ^ Radeska, Tijana (November 23, 2016). "Beautiful women and extraordinary pilots awarded 65 years after their service in WW2". The Vintage News. Archived from the original on September 15, 2017. Retrieved December 20, 2018. ^ "WASPS Get Set to Sting – Enemy". The Courier-Journal. January 22, 1944. Retrieved May 22, 2019 – via Newspapers.com. (subscription required) ^ "Women Become Pilots of B-26 Marauder Medium Bombers". Detroit Free Press. January 22, 1944. Retrieved May 22, 2019 – via Newspapers.com. (subscription required) ^ VanWagenen Keil 1979, pp. 307–316. ^ Bohn, Kevin (May 22, 2009). "Unsung World War II heroes finally get their due". CNN. Archived from the original on July 1, 2009. Retrieved May 25, 2019. ^ a b Douglas 2013, p. 110. ^ "Parachute Test". Life. January 7, 1946. pp. 30–31. ^ "Paid Notice: Deaths GARDNER, ELIZABETH (LIBBY)". NYTimes.com. January 6, 2012. Archived from the original on May 27, 2019. Retrieved May 27, 2019. ...WASP aviator during WWII, brave and caring social justice activist, writer, computer programmer, autodidact with a vast range of curiosities and pursuits. Brown, Norman Wayne; Foreman, Jim (November 9, 2015). "W. Sheppard Air Force Base". Images of America. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. p. 129. ISBN 978-1-4396-5453-8. Douglas, Deborah G. (November 30, 2013). American Women and Flight Since 1940. The University Press of Kentucky. p. 110. ISBN 978-0-8131-2625-8. Ethell, L. Jeffrey (1995). Aircraft of World War II. Glasgow. Scotland: HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 0-00-470849-0. . Merryman, Molly (1998). Clipped Wings: The Rise and Fall of the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASPs) of World War II. New York: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-5568-6. OCLC 37418189. Rosser, Sue Vilhauer (June 30, 2008). Women, Science, and Myth: Gender Beliefs from Antiquity to the Present. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 143. ISBN 1598840959. ISBN 9781598840957. Scutts, Jerry (1997). B-26 Marauder Units of the Eighth and Ninth Air Forces. Botley, UK: Osprey Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-85532-637-X. VanWagenen Keil, Sally (1979). Those Wonderful Women in Their Flying Machines: The Unknown Heroines of World War II. New York: Rawson, Wade Publishers, Inc. pp. 307–316. ISBN 978-0-89256-066-0. OCLC 4491705. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Elizabeth L. Gardner. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_L._Gardner&oldid=906391890" Congressional Gold Medal recipients People from Rockford, Illinois Military personnel from Illinois Women Airforce Service Pilots People notable for being the subject of a specific photograph Use mdy dates from July 2019	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11480
__label__wiki	0.984541	0.984541	Andriy Kovalenco (1971-07-12) July 12, 1971 (age 48) 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m) 201 lb (91 kg) Rugby union career Position(s) Flyhalf Amateur team(s) Team Apps (Points) Aviator Kyiv VVA Moscow Aviator Kyiv () Senior career CRC Madrid Noroeste Barcelona Universitari Club FC Barcelona Rugby Barcelona Universitari Club () National team(s) Spain - Andriy Kovalenco (born 12 July 1971 in Kyiv) is a Ukrainian-born Spanish rugby union player. He plays as a fly-half. Career[edit] Kovalenco started playing rugby at 14 years old, in Aviator Kiev, where he had his first game for the premier team aged only 16. He played for Aviator Kyiv from 1987/88 to 1988/89. Due to the military service he had to move to VVA Moscow, the Army team, where he would play from 1989/90 to 1990/91. He won one Soviet League title and two Soviet Cups with VVA Moscow. He had his first game for the USSR in 1990, aged only 19 years old. He then returned to Aviator Kyiv, playing there from 1991/92 to 1993/94. He then moved to the Spanish side of CRC Madrid Noroeste, that he would represent most of his career, from 1994/95 to 2003/04. He won the Spanish League in 1999/2000 and three titles of the Copa del Rey, in 2001, 2002 and 2003. He also would play for Barcelona Universitari Club, from 2004/05 to 2005/06, FC Barcelona Rugby, from 2006/07 to 2007/08, and once again for Barcelona Universitari Club, since 2008/09. Kovalenco played for three National Teams, the Soviet Union, Ukraine and after becoming a Spanish citizen, Spain. He had 37 caps during this time, being one of the highest scoring players for Spain during his international career, from 1998 to 2006, with 2 tries, 11 conversions, 49 penalties and 1 drop goal, for an aggregate of 220 points. He played two games at the 1999 Rugby World Cup, scoring 5 penalties, all the entire 15 points score in the 27-15 loss to Uruguay. Andrei Kovalenco International Statistics Andrei Kovalenco Interview (Spanish) Spain squad – 1999 Rugby World Cup Villaú Tuineau S. Souto Malo (c) C. Souto Astarloa Díaz Malet Kovalenco Gallastegui Etxeberría Díez Al. Socías Loubsens Ripol An. Socías Inchausti Frechilla Velazco Coach: Feijoo This biographical article relating to Spanish rugby union is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This biographical article relating to sports in Ukraine is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This rugby union biography is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andriy_Kovalenco&oldid=889909857" Sportspeople from Kiev Soviet rugby union players Ukrainian rugby union players Spanish rugby union players Ukrainian emigrants to Spain Rugby union fly-halves Spain international rugby union players Spanish sportspeople stubs European rugby union biography stubs Ukrainian sportspeople stubs Rugby union biography stubs Infobox rugby biography with deprecated parameters	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11481
__label__wiki	0.826886	0.826886	1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Smith, Sir William ←Smith, William (geologist) 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 25 Smith, Sir William Smith, William Farrar→ See also William Smith (lexicographer) on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer. 4986511911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 25 — Smith, Sir William SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813–1893), English lexicographer, was born at Enfield in 1813 of Nonconformist parents. He was originally destined for a theological career, but instead was articled to a solicitor. In his spare time he taught himself classics, and when he entered University College he carried off both the Greek and Latin prizes. He was entered at Gray's Inn in 1830, but gave up his legal studies for a post at University College school, and began to write on classical subjects. He next turned his attention to lexicography. His first attempt was the Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, which appeared in 1842. The greater part of this was written by himself. In 1849 followed the Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography, and the Greek and Roman Geography in 1857. In this work some of the leading scholars of the day were associated with him. In 1850 he published the first of the school dictionaries; and in 1853 he began the Principia series, which marked a distinct step in the school teaching of Greek and Latin. Then came the Students' Manuals of History and Literature, in which the Greek history was the editor's own work. In carrying out this task Smith was most ably seconded by John Murray, the publisher, who, when the original publishers of the dictionaries got into difficulties, volunteered to take a share in the undertaking. The most important, perhaps, of the books edited by William Smith were those that dealt with ecclesiastical subjects. These were the Dictionary of the Bible (1860-1865); the Dictionary of Christian Antiquities (1875-1880), undertaken in collaboration with Archdeacon Cheetham; and the Dictionary of Christian Biography (1877-1887), jointly with Dr Henry Wace. The Atlas, on which Sir George Grove collaborated, appeared in 1875. From 1853 to 1869 Smith was classical examiner to the University of London, and on his retirement he became a member of the Senate. He sat on the Committee to inquire into questions of copyright, and was for several years registrar of the Royal Literary Fund. He edited Gibbon, with Guizot's and Milman's notes, in 1854-1855. In 1867 he became editor of the Quarterly Review, which he directed with marked success until his death on the 7th of October 1893, his remarkable memory and accuracy, as well as his tact and courtesy, specially fitting him for such a post. He was D.C.L. of Oxford and Dublin, and the honour of knighthood was conferred on him the year before his death. Retrieved from "https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Smith,_Sir_William&oldid=7099350"	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11482
__label__wiki	0.803008	0.803008	Führer Directive 21 by Adolf Hitler The following is a translation of Directive #21 as written by Adolf Hitler, ordering German forces to prepare an attack on Soviet Russia in 1941, designated Operation Barbarossa. The orders also outline the overall operational goals and considerations in the coming operation for each branch of the armed forces of Germany, as well as those of their allies (primarily Finland and Romania). Launched by Hitler's order on June 22, 1941, Operation Barbarossa became the single largest land battle in history, and the stalemate and eventual defeat that resulted for Germany signalled the beginning of the end for the Third Reich. 667678Führer Directive 21Adolf Hitler The Fuehrer and Commander-in-Chief of the German Armed Forces OKW/WFSt./Abt.L(I) Nr. 33 408/40 gK Chefs. SECRET The Fuehrer's Headquarters 18 December 40 (only through officer) 9 copies, 4th copy Directive Nr. 21 Case Barbarossa The German Wehrmacht must be prepared to crush Soviet Russia in a quick campaign (Operation Barbarossa) even before the conclusion of the war against England. For this purpose the Army will have to employ all available units, with the reservation that the occupied territories must be secured against surprises. For the Air Force it will be a matter of releasing such strong forces for the eastern campaign in support of the Army that a quick completion of the ground operations can be counted on and that damage to eastern German territory by enemy air attacks will be as slight as possible. This concentration of the main effort in the East is limited by the requirement that the entire combat and armament area dominated by us must remain adequately protected against enemy air attacks and that the offensive operations against England, particularly against her supply lines, must not be permitted to break down. The main effort of the Navy will remain unequivocally directed against England even during an eastern campaign. I shall order the concentration against Soviet Russia possibly 8 weeks before the intended beginning of operations. Preparations requiring more time to get under way are to be started now - if this has not yet been done - and are to be completed by 15 May 1941. It is of decisive importance, however, that the intention to attack does not become discernible. The preparations of the High Commands are to be made on the following basis: I. General Purpose: The mass of the Russian Army in western Russia is to be destroyed in daring operations, by driving forward deep armored wedges, and the retreat of units capable of combat into the vastness of Russian territory is to be prevented. In quick pursuit a line is then to be reached from which the Russian Air Force will no longer be able to attack the territory of the German Reich. The ultimate objective of the operation is to establish a cover against Asiatic Russia from the general line Volga-Archangel. Then, in case of necessity, the last industrial area left to Russia in the Urals can be eliminated by the Luftwaffe. In the course of these operations the Russian Baltic Sea Fleet will quickly lose its bases and thus will no longer be able to fight. Effective intervention by the Russian Air Force is to be prevented by powerful blows at the very beginning of the operation. II. Probable Allies and their Tasks: 1. On the wings of our operation the active participation of Romania and Finland in the war against Soviet Russia is to be expected. The High Command will in due time arrange and determine in what form the armed forces of the two countries will be placed under German command at the time of their intervention. 2. It will be the task of Romania to support with selected forces the attack of the German southern wing, at least in its beginnings; to pin the enemy down where German forces are not committed; and otherwise to render auxiliary service in the rear area. 3. Finland will cover the concentration of the German North Group (parts of the XXI Group) withdrawn from Norway and will operate jointly with it. Besides, Finland will be assigned the task of eliminating Hanko. 4. It may be expected that Swedish railroads and highways will be available for the concentration of the German North Group, from the start of operations at the latest. III. The Conduct of the Operations: A.) Army (in approbation of the intentions submitted to me): The area of operations is divided into southern and northern halves by the Pripet Marshes. The point of main effort will be made in the northern half. Here two army groups are to be committed. The southern of these two army groups - in the center of the whole front - will have the task of breaking out the area around and to the north of Warsaw with exceptionally strong armor and motorized formations and of destroying the enemy forces in White Russia. This will create a situation which will enable strong formations of mobile troops to swing north; such formations will then cooperate with the northern army group - advancing from East Prussia in the general direction of Leningrad - in destroying the enemy forces in the area of the Baltic states. Only after the accomplishment of these offensive operations, which must be followed by the capture of Leningrad and Kronstadt, are further offensive operations to be initiates with the objective of occupying the important center of communications and of armament production, Moscow. Only a surprisingly rapid collapse of the Russian ability to resist could justify an attempt to achieve both objectives simultaneously. The primary task of Group XXI, even during the eastern operations, remains the protection of Norway. Forces available other than those needed for this task (Mountain Corps) will first of all be used to protect the Petsamo area and its mines together with the Arctic road, and will then advance, in conjunction with Finnish forces, against the Murmansk railway and will cut the Murmansk area's land supply routes. Whether an operation of this nature can be carried out by stronger German forces (two to three Divisions) coming from the area of Rovaniemi and to the south is dependent on Sweden's willingness to make the Swedish railways available for such a move. The mass of the Finnish army will have the task, in accordance with the advance made by the northern wing of the German armies, of tying up maximum Russian strength by attacking to the west, or on both sides, of Lake Ladoga. The Finns will also capture Hanko. The army group south of the Pripet Marshes will make its point of main effort from the Lublin area in the general direction of Kiev, with the object of driving into the deep flank and rear of the Russian forces with strong armored formations and of then rolling up the enemy along the Dnieper. The German-Romanian group on the right flank will have the task of protecting Romanian territory and thus of covering the southern flank of the whole operation; in coordination with the attack by the northern of Army Group south of tying up the enemy forces on its sector of the front; then, as the situation develops, of launching a second thrust and thus, in conjunction with the air force, of preventing an orderly enemy withdrawal beyond the Dniester. Once the battle south or north of the Pripet Marshes have been fought, the pursuit is to be undertaken with the following objectives: In the south the rapid occupation of the economically important Donetz Basin, in the north the speedy capture of Moscow. This city is a political and economical center, and is a main railway junction point. B.) Air Force: It will be the task of the Air Force, so far as possible, to damage and destroy the effectiveness of the Russian air force, and to support the operations by the army at the points of main effort, that is to say in the sectors of the central army group and in the area where the southern army group will be making its main effort. The Russian railways will either be destroyed, or, in the case of more important objectives close to hand (river crossings!) will be captured by the bold use of parachute and airborne troops. In order that maximum forces may be available for operations against the enemy air force and for direct support of the army, the munitions industry will not be attacked while the major operation is in progress. Only after the conclusion of the mobile operations will such attacks, and in particular attacks against the industrial area of the Urals, be considered. C.) Navy: During the war with Soviet Russia it will be the task of the Navy to protect the German coast line and to prevent any hostile naval force from breaking out of the Baltic. Since once Leningrad has been reached the Russian Baltic fleet will have lost its last base and will thus be in a hopeless position, major naval operations are to be previously avoided. After the destruction of the Russian fleet it will be the responsibility of the Navy to make the Baltic fully available to carrying sea traffic, including supplies by sea to the northern wing of the Army (Minesweeping!) IV. All orders to be issued by the Commanders in Chief on the basis of this directive must clearly indicate that they are precautionary measures for the possibility that Russia should change her present attitude toward us. The number of officers to be assigned to the preparatory work at an early date is to be kept as small as possible; additional personnel should be briefed as late as possible and only to the extent required for the activity of each individual. Otherwise, through the discovery of our preparations - the date of their execution has not even been fixed - there is danger that most serious political and military disadvantages may arise. V. I anticipate further conferences with the Commanders-in-Chief concerning their intentions as based on this directive. Reports on the progress made in the proposed preparations by all services of the armed forces will be forwarded to me through the Armed Forces High Command. [Signed] A. Hitler [initialed by Jodl, Keitel, Warlimont and one illegible.] Ob. d. H. (Op. Abt.)—1. copy Ob. d. M. (Skl.)—2. copy Ob. d. L. (Lw.Fue.St.)—3. copy OKW: WFSt.—4. copy Abt.—5-9. copy This work is a translation and has a separate copyright status to the applicable copyright protections of the original content. This foreign work was not registered for copyright in the United States upon first publication prior to 1964, and is not entitled to URAA restoration of copyright. It is also in the public domain in other countries and areas where the copyright terms of anonymous or pseudonymous works are 60 years or less since publication. Retrieved from "https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Führer_Directive_21&oldid=6473249"	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11483
__label__wiki	0.987118	0.987118	BMW in talks with automakers over joining its self-driving group Gabrielle Coppola NEW YORK -- BMW is in talks with at least two peers about joining its automated-driving group and expects to announce new members in the next three to four months, Klaus Froehlich, the automaker's head of development, said. Companies that initially tried to go it alone are realizing the immense research costs and daunting technological challenges and are deciding to partner up, Froehlich, said in an interview at the Los Angeles auto show last week. BMW is currently talking with two or three big automakers about joining the consortium, he said. BMW has long been an advocate of collaboration among rival automakers in the race toward self-driving cars, "We have a lot of traffic at the moment," Froehlich said, referring to the number of companies expressing interest. "In 2015 to 2016, everybody thought he will make it; he will be superior." BMW started its self-driving coalition in 2016 with Mobileye, the computer-vision company that has since been acquired by Intel for about $15 billion. Fiat Chrysler Automobiles joined in August 2017. BMW also has added a slew of suppliers, including Magna International, Aptiv, and Continental. The group aims to develop fully automated driving systems by 2021. $1 billion cost The first generation of technology for more sophisticated, partially autonomous driving systems, costs about $1 billion and will serve as building blocks for future iterations that will be commercialized, Froehlich said. Car companies that spent this and now are looking to partner realize they will have to discard earlier versions of their tech and replace it with jointly developed software, he said. "They have to invest the first billion, already knowing that this tech will not survive," he said. "You have a lot of sunk costs." Froehlich said China will become the world leader in automated driving, because the U.S. approach of letting individual autonomous-vehicle companies test in different cities is "a little bit of anarchy." European regulators are too slow in updating laws to adapt to even the early stages of autonomous-driving technology, he said. China has "good companies, software, hardware companies; they are expanding to very powerful chipsets, and there's a political will, its very clear," Froehlich said. "On electrification, they were also quite late; now they're the lead market. It will be the same with on-demand mobility."	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11485
__label__wiki	0.649716	0.649716	Heroic Teachers Lauded in Lafayette Movie Theater Shooting July 24, 2015 Emily Richmond Two teachers, both wounded, are credited with saving lives during #LafayetteShooting http://t.co/z8LVrcJO6o pic.twitter.com/vOwahhAKKN — Newsweek (@Newsweek) July 24, 2015 When discussing the movie theater shooting Thursday in Lafayette, Louisiana Gov. Bobby Jindal recounted his conversation with one of two teachers who was in the audience when the gunfire broke out: “Her friend literally jumped over her,” Jindal said from the scene. “If her friend hadn’t done that, she believed the bullet would have hit her in the head.” Instead, the bullet struck the second teacher in the leg. But despite that injury she was able to reach a fire alarm in the theater and pull it. Two people died in the shooting, and the gunman then reportedly killed himself. Nine other people were injured, including one person in critical condition, according to news reports. “When you think about it — two friends together — one jumps in the way of a bullet to save her friend’s life,” Jindal told reporters. “The other, even though she was shot in the leg, she had the presence of mind to pull the fire alarm and in the process saved other people’s lives.” It would be tough to find a group of professionals — outside of law enforcement –more keenly aware of the potential threat of an active shooter. In the wake of tragedies like Sandy Hook, learning to respond to such scenarios is now a regular part of staff training at all levels, from the bus drivers to the classroom teachers and administrators. Randi Weingarten, the president of the American Federation of Teachers, offered this statement about the Lafayette shooting, when I reached out to the union this morning with a request for comment: Teachers are everyday heroes who are well-trained to make a difference in the lives of their students. Teachers naturally have the instinct deep down in their souls to help others. We saw that in the Newtown, Conn., massacre and again last night in Lafayette. Our thoughts and prayers go out to the families of those who were killed and to those injured. But more than thoughts and prayers, let us take action to curb gun violence and end these mass shootings for once and for all. There are a few things to keep in mind about how schools are preparing for worst-case scenarios. First off, the decades-old approach of “shelter in place” – in which people were told to hide, stay quiet, and wait for help – is no longer the default response. Indeed, the change has been building for at least several years. In a 2013 interview, Victor Herbert, a veteran educator and the director of the Academy for Critical Incident Analysis at John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York City told me that “What I’m hearing is people being told to be prepared to fight rather than simply hide – that represents a real change in the advice. … People in schools had been told to put the lights out, lock the door, and hope for the best.” Some school districts are adopting a protocol known as ALICE – Alert, Lockdown, Inform, Confront, Evacuate – in which staff are trained to take more decisive action to defend against an intruder. ALICE training “does not believe that actively confronting a violent intruder is the best method for ensuring the safety of all involved, whether in a school, a hospital, a business, or a church,” according to the organization’s website. Rather, those are “last-ditch efforts” that should follow steps to hide or escape. In one Alabama school using the ALICE model, a letter from the principal asking parents to donate canned goods that could be thrown at a classroom intruder, was deemed so preposterous it earned an entry on the popular Snopes.com website, which debunks Internet myths. (Snopes reported the letter was, in fact, true.) It’s worth noting that the FBI’s recommendations for the public response to an “active shooter” scenario are not inconsistent with the ALICE approach: Run, hide, and, as a last resort, fight. Of course, developing more effective means of responding to an active shooter, whether it’s in a school, a movie theater or a church, doesn’t address some of the preventative measures being recommended. The untreated mental illness of the Sandy Hook shooter was a significant factor in the massacre, according to a report by the Connecticut Attorney General investigating the December 2012 tragedy, which left 26 people dead, including 20 first-graders. Taking a more preventative approach is something that has strong public support: In a 2013 Gallup Poll, Americans favored increasing mental health services over hiring more security guards as a means of improving school safety, and rejected the idea of arming educators. In the meantime, the reported bravery of the teacher in the Lafayette movie theater builds a strong case for the merits of being prepared for what were once considered unimaginable scenarios. As the Lafayette investigation proceeds, there will likely be plenty of attention paid to the two teachers who survived. Questions for education reporters to consider: What role, if any, did the teachers’ in-school training play in how they responded inside the movie theater? What protocol does your local school district advocate for its staff? Are those policies changing in response to recent events? The Education Writers Association took a look at the issue of student mental health at our 2014 National Seminar. You can read more about that conversation here. And for reporters writing about incidents such as mass shootings, the Dart Center on Journalism and Trauma at Columbia University is an invaluable resource. EWA also has a Reporter’s Guide to Interviewing Children, particularly in the wake of a tragedy or trauma. Emily Richmond Emily Richmond is the public editor of the Education Writers Association. She coordinates programming and training opportunities for members and provides individualized reporting and writing help to journalists. She also hosts the EWA Radio podcast, and authors EWA’s “The Educated Reporter” blog. Follow Emily Richmond Guns in Schools: Parents, Teachers Ask Tough Questions January 28, 2013 Emily Richmond I’ve been writing The Educated Reporter blog for about 18 months now, and nothing I’ve written has come close to drawing as much response, discussion and debate as my post on states’ plans to allow teachers to bring concealed weapons to campus. Should Principals Carry Guns on Campus? December 18, 2012 Emily Richmond Would arming teachers and administrators improve safety at public schools, and potentially even mitigate tragedies like the Sandy Hook shootings, as a Texas congressman has suggested? I asked Michael Foran, principal of New Britain High School in Connecticut – located about 50 miles from Newtown – whether he would accept an offer of a gun, training and a permit that would allow him to come armed to campus. Sandy Hook 911 Recordings: News Value or Shock Value? December 5, 2013 Emily Richmond With the release of audio recordings of the Sandy Hook 911 calls, media outlets are weighing the news value of using them against the inevitable criticism that to do so is macabre exploitation.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11486
__label__cc	0.529477	0.470523	You are at:Home»Articles»Golf News December 2, 2016 Golf News The Canyon Lake Men’s Golf Club adorned its tree with big red bows and bulbs. The tree will be displayed on the median at the Main Entrance along with all the other club trees. Photos Provided By Sam Theodora The 9er’s Golf Club proudly celebrates its club Christmas Tree. The tree will be displayed on the Main Entrance median. The Canyon Lake Golf Course has four active clubs, plus a Junior Golf Program. Tee Time reservations begin at 6 a.m. daily and may be made seven days in advance. Residents may purchase single rounds of golf in the Pro Shop at the Country Club. Annual memberships are available to both residents and non-residents. Adult Golf Lessons The golf professional staff offers golf lessons seven days a week. Adult lessons are $35 for a 30 minute session and $50 for a one hour session. Three one hour sessions can be purchased for $135 and five one hours sessions for $200. Reservations are required. For more information on group pricing, call the Golf Pro Shop at 951-244-6841, ext. 820. Ladies Fall Group Lessons Weekly ladies beginner group lessons will be held on Wednesdays, November 9 to December 7, from 10 to 11:30 a.m. After the final lesson, the 9ers will host a Meet and Greet and have two drawings. One drawing is for a free lesson with the Golf Pro, the other for a free club membership with the 9ers. The cost is $75 per person. To reserve a spot, call 951-246-1782. 9ers Golf Club The 9ers Golf Club is a member of the Women’s Southern California Golf Association. Ladies who are interested in playing golf and making new friends are invited to play with the 9ers Golf Club; all levels of golfers are welcome. The club meets on Thursdays in the Magnolia Room at the Country Club. In the fall and winter the club meets at 9:30 a.m. and tee off at 10 a.m. In the spring and summer the club meets at 8 a.m. and tee off at 8:30 a.m. Ladies who would like to play with the club are invited to call Linda Kielty at 951-746-2250. Women’s Golf Club The Women’s Golf Club will hold its annual Christmas Tournament and 2017 Board of Directors installation on Tuesday, December 13, with a shotgun start at 8:30 a.m. Sign ups are being accepted; ladies may select their own six-some team to play in this nine-hole scramble format. Lunch will follow at the Country Club with awards, prizes, and installation. It’s customary for each team to donate a drawing prize valued at $60. The entry fee is $35 per player. Lunch only is $20. For more information, call Ura Furry at 951-244-1910. The Canyon Lake Women’s Golf Club (CLWGC) was established in 1971 and is a member of the Women’s Southern California Golf Association (WSCGA). The club meets on Tuesdays in the Magnolia Room at the County Club. Women wishing to play must check in before 7:30 a.m.; start time is 8 a.m. In the spring and summer the club meets at 7 a.m. Major tournaments include the Presidents Cup, Club Championship and Senior Tournament. For more information, call Darlene Cortez at 951-244-4751. Men’s Golf Club The Canyon Lake Men’s Golf Club (CLMGC) held its Member/Member Tournament on November 19 and 20. The winners are: “A” Flight 1st place gross Brandon Mojarro and Ron Bemoll 1st place net David Wagner and Shannon VanDruff 2nd place net Marcus Schonabaum and Tom Faia 3rd place net Alan Horst and Rick Halsey “B” Flight Carlos LaFarga and Robert Scott Bob Stinson and Carlos Ramirez Bruce Wallace and Bob Tallaksen Chuck Newsom and Don Raworth “C” Flight Dudley Thompson and Roger Kielty Steve Spaeth and Chuck Furry George Douglas and Tom Fuhrman 3rd place net — Rod Smith and Sam Theodora “D” Flight Joe Washle and Nick Valencia Barry Talbot and Don Norris Bob Clow and Thom Merry Bill Hallahan and Jim Paulis CLMGC has more than 200 members. The club meets on Wednesdays in the Magnolia Room at the Country Club. Sign ups for play is between 6:30 and 7:30 a.m. The club sponsors eight weekend tournaments throughout the year. Dues include membership in the Southern California Golf Association (SCGA). Canyon Lake residents or property owners age 18 or older are eligible. For more information, call Barry Talbot at 951-458-0017. Family Golf Club The Family Golf Club promotes the sport of golf bringing together men, women and juniors in an atmosphere of education, camaraderie, fairness and competition in a friendly family oriented environment. Throughout the year, the club hosts beginner and youth clinics, tournaments and social events. The club’s official golf day is Wednesday at approximately 11:30 a.m. Some members schedule golf days on Mondays, Fridays or Saturdays at 11:30 a.m. The tournament director works closely with Golf Pro Pat Kemball and his staff to assure tournaments are balanced. Organizers say all members enjoy a fun and friendly atmosphere. The Family Golf Club is a member of the Southern California Golf Association (SCGA). It holds open meetings the third Tuesday of each month at 6 p.m. in the Magnolia Room at the Country Club. For membership information/application, call Kevin O’Leary at 951-818-3361. For general information, call Tom Ward at 714-309-6923. Junior Golf Program The Junior Golf Program is a level based program for children ages 5 to 17. There is testing every month to provide the students with the ability to move on to a higher level. Once the student passes all three levels, they are eligible to play with the advanced group. The initial cost is $100 followed by monthly payments of $60. For more information, contact Bryan Carlson at carlsonb@pga.com or sign up in the Golf Pro Shop at the Country Club. Previous ArticleClub News Next Article Letter: Ron and Leigh Martel	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11493
__label__wiki	0.524215	0.524215	The Thousands of Mexican Women Who Never Made it Home Translation posted 6 June 2016 9:00 GMT “Missing Women.” Photo by Luis Sandoval for El Universal. Published with permission from CONNECTAS. This report was written by Daniela Guazo for [Mexican newspaper] El Universal, as part of the Mike O’Connor Scholarship for the International Center for Journalists (ICFJ) and the Initiative for Investigative Journalism in the Americas, which partners with the ICFJ and CONNECTAS. This version is published by Global Voices thanks to a content sharing agreement with this medium. From 2002 to 2015, more than three thousand women disappeared in Mexico’s capital. Although no one is sure of their whereabouts, their families have not lost hope in finding them. Meanwhile, authorities only consider them to be “absent.” Ana Paola Franco recently turned 21, but this time she didn’t blow out candles on a cake surrounded by her family. The tradition was broken. In her room are her clothes, her bed, and her big stuffed animals — reminders of the life she led. Everything remains intact since February 9, 2016. That was the last day the young woman left her house to go to work. She said goodbye to her brother with a simple “see you tonight.” That never happened. After not hearing from her for more than 24 hours, her name was added to a flyer along with her picture and distinguishing marks. These cards, issued by Mexico City’s Care Center for Missing or Absent Persons (Capea), are no longer news. Her case was one of 187 reports of missing women that were filed between January and March of 2016 in Mexico City. Ana Paola’s father went to Tlalpan’s Public Ministry offices. There, he ran into the biggest obstacle that families in a similar situation face: Ministry employees told him that “because she is of legal age, you must wait at least 48 hours to start the investigation.” He left the office with the fear that no one would look for his daughter. Photo by Luis Sandoval for El Universal. Published with permission from CONNECTAS. This young woman’s name is just one of the many that make up the city’s database of missing persons. El Universal’s Journalism Data Unit standardized these records up to March 2016 and they are available as a resource on Mexico City’s Attorney General’s Office website to determine how many women are missing in the capital. Of the 6,878 reports the site has counted up to this point, 3,054 are women. Filing dates range from 2002 until the end of 2015. José Antonio Ferrer, Capea Director, ensures that the website is constantly updated and when someone is found, they are removed from it. Below, along with the file number, is the word “ABSENT.” This label has led to more than three thousand cases not being the priority of the capital’s officials. Ferrer is blunt in describing what the institution in charge does: Nosotros no conocemos de desaparecidos. Son personas extraviadas o ausentes. “We aren’t aware of missing persons. They are lost or absent.” In six out of ten, or 1,972, records found on Capea’s site, the young women were between 13 and 20 years old when they went missing. The boroughs of Iztapalapa, Gustavo A. Madero and Cuauhtémo make up 44% of these cases. Between 2009 and 2011, there is an annual average of 300 unresolved cases. In 2012, this figure reached 432 reports of females who failed to return home. This figure, far from diminishing, indicates significant increases. In the records from 2015 are the names of 522 women who remain missing, according to the data available on Capea's website. Mexico City’s Observatory against Human Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation warns that the authorities do not want to admit the problem. “The city is starting to generate its own trafficking victims and the government is ignoring it,” said Gerardo Nava and Víctor Núñez, members of this organization that has been investigating these cases for more than four years. But for the mothers, the most difficult question is knowing when to stop looking. Alma Estela, Ana Paola’s mother, calmly, but tearfully says: No vamos a parar. Aunque me entreguen un cuerpo al cual llorarle, pero necesito saber en dónde está mi hija. We will not stop. Until they give me her body to mourn, but I need to know where my daughter is. Each member of the Franco Aguilar family clings to something. A final message. The memory of watching movies on the weekends. Having breakfast together: “It was just the four of us,” says her father. Oscar forces himself to believe that one day the quartet will again be complete. If you want to know more details of the situation faced by thousands of families and see the victim’s individual faces, view the slideshow Ausencias Ignoradas (Ignored Absences). To read the full report, click here: Written byConnectas Translated byMelissa Wise Pingback: Migrant Women Confront and Resist Sexual Assault on Journey to the United States · Global Voices […] is a crisis of missing women in Mexico. Violence against Mexican women has overwhelmed cities like Juarez and Mexico City for […] 20 June 2016, 11:54 am Pingback: Migrant Women Confront and Resist Sexual Assault on Journey to the United States, Nidia Bautista, globalvoices.org, 20/06/2016 \| ENIGMUR 27 June 2016, 13:15 pm Read this post in Deutsch, Malagasy, Ελληνικά, 繁體中文, 简体中文, Español	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11494
__label__cc	0.650251	0.349749	Radicalisation – A Concept Too New For Local Authorities To Grapple With As of 1st July 2015, there is a duty on local authorities and schools to have “due regard to the need to prevent people from being drawn into terrorism”, this is embedded in Section 26 of the Counter-Terrorism and Security Act 2015¹ . Cases of radicalisation have been at the forefront of media attention since three teenage girls travelled to Syria² . Radicalisation cases have been present in the family law remit for a couple of years now and the term itself was defined early on by Justice Holman in Re M (Children) [2014] EWHC 667 as “negatively influencing [a child] with radical fundamentalist thought, which is associated with terrorism”. The creation of the Prevent duty was always going to be controversial due to the risk of unfairly targeting and marginalising particular groups. There have been countless occasions now where schools have now got it wrong. For example a nursery almost referred a four year old boy to Prevent’s Channel initiative after they believed he had drawn an image depicting a ‘cooker bomb’. The child was in fact drawing an image of his father cutting a cucumber. The nursery staff informed the mother at one point that her children may be taken away from her but that she could “prove herself innocent”³. A further example involves a fourteen year old boy being questioned following a French lesson where discussion was taking place about damage to the planet¹¹. The child mentioned that some people use the term “ecoterrorist” to describe those who take action to obstruct chainsaws chopping trees. The child was taken out of class a few days later and was questioned about Isis, leaving him visibly distressed. When a situation arises where there is evidence to suggest that a child is at risk or being radicalised, or exposed to radicalised views, steps by local authorities are taken to safeguard the child. It is imperative that in current times where racial profiling does occur that local authorities are able to distinguish between observance of religious or cultural practices which hold no risk whatsoever and a child being exposed to objectionable ideology which places them in significant risk. Radicalisation cases in the family courts can be distinguished into two types: 1. Cases where older children have themselves become radicalised; or 2. Cases where parents are imposing their extremist ideologies so as to indoctrinate a child and are seeking to travel to Islamic State held territories which the child. The first type of case generally gives rise to proceedings being issued under the inherent jurisdiction of the court, which are powers vested in the court to deal with matters where there is no relevant legislation. The latter would give rise to care proceedings pursuant to Section 31 of the Children Act 1989. Whilst care proceedings would usually take place in the lower courts, pursuant to paragraph 4¹² of Sir James Munby’s guidance, all cases with an element of radicalisation must now be heard in the High Court. When a child is made a ward of the court, the High Court takes ultimate responsibility for the child, sharing parental responsibility with anyone else who ha it. No important decisions about the child’s upbringing can be made without permission from the court. Case law would suggest the court is is willing to make a child a ward of the court in cases of radicalisation. In Re Y (A Minor: Wardship) [2015] EWHC 2098 (Fam) Justice Hayden stated making the child ward of the court was a proportionate response to “very specific nature of the risk contemplated.” Whilst there was only a small risk the child would travel to Islamic State territories, it was an “unacceptable risk” to take and the severity of the outcome justified making the child a ward of the court. The child’s passport was also seized preventing the possibility of the child travelling to Syria. The case of London Borough of Tower Hamlets v B [2015] EWHC 2491 (Fam) involved the local authority seeking to remove a child after she had attempted to travel to Syria. The child’s mother had reported her missing and the flight was intercepted minutes before it was due to take off. The child was arrested and the parents and siblings were also arrested for “possessing information likely to be useful to a person committing or preparing an act of terrorism”. Whilst the child had written to the Judge and to suggest tagging orders as an appropriate response, Justice Hayden deemed the risk to be more than just that of flight, it was also “psychological and emotional harm”. Tagging orders were not sufficient protect her and therefore she needed to be removed from her parents care and placed in a neutral environment. Case law also suggests that it is necessary to distinguish between holding immoral views and a child being indoctrinated to the point where they want leave their home and flee to a warzone. In Re A (A Child) (Rev 1) [2015] EWFC 11 the local authority’s application for a care order and placement order was dismissed. The issue before the court is not the moral aspect of extremist ideology but whether there is evidence that the extremist ideology presents a risk to the child; the latter would meet the threshold of significant harm. The father in the case had been a member of the English Defence League for a period in his life but this was insufficient to warrant care orders. The local authority was heavily criticised, the president, in his judgement, said “it is concerning to see the local authority again harping on about the allegedly “immoral” aspects of the father’s behaviour”. Distinctions must be made between a parent holding extremist views and actively inflicting those views on a child so as to pose a risk. The duty of care owed to a child indisputably justified criticism of the local authority in Re A (A Child). Whilst the duty may be onerous, part of a social worker’s role is to assess when a child is being inadequately cared for. Failing to intervene when necessary warrants public denigration and isolation of social workers, and this is rightly so – society relies upon local authorities to take the necessary steps to protect children. What is more concerning is that local authorities in some of the aforementioned cases only became aware of the risk to the children when it got to the point that they were almost boarding a plane to Syria. In London Borough of Tower Hamlets v B [2015] EWHC 2491 (Fam) Justice Hayden stated radicalisation cases “present a new facet of child protection where there is, as yet, limited professional experience or, for that matter, available training”, conveying the difficulties local authorities are facing when seeking to identify children at risk of radicalisation. A study by CAFCASS in July 2016¹³ also found that it was not possible to create a profile of children at risk of radicalisation, that children were not ‘outwardly vulnerable’, and that as a result it is difficult to take steps and intervene. The study highlighted the crucial nature of safeguarding skills which social workers must utilise when dealing with cases of radicalisation. This echoed Justice Hayden in London Borough of Tower Hamlets v M & Others [2015] EWHC 869 (Fam) where he stated that ‘the risk assessment of potentially vulnerable children is the professional skill set of the experienced social worker’. [1] http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2015/6/section/26/enacted [2] http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-31554844 [3] https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/mar/11/nursery-radicalisation-fears-boys-cucumber-drawing-cooker-bomb [11] https://www.theguardian.com/education/2015/sep/22/school-questioned-muslim-pupil-about-isis-after-discussion-on-eco-activism [12] https://www.judiciary.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/pfd-guidance-radicalisation-cases.pdf [13] https://www.cafcass.gov.uk/media/286999/cafcass_radicalisation_study__external_version_.pdf CategoryGeneral News, International Law News, Lawyers News, Private Law News, Public Law News What is the difference between a lawyer, solicitor and barrister? So you find yourself in need of legal advice. But who should you turn to… Posted in: Lawyers News	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11502
__label__cc	0.501179	0.498821	Executive Director, FuturePorts “Goods movement is southern California’s largest industry. We rely on all modes running on all cylinders to keep our ports attractive to shippers and businesses across the country. That’s why Californians should be pleased with the huge private investments freight railroads are making to continually improve service, efficiency and capacity.” Elizabeth Warren is the Executive Director of FuturePorts, a membership-based advocacy group that represents business interests at the San Pedro Bay Ports in Southern California. FuturePorts advocates for balance between economic growth and environmental stewardship on behalf of its members, focusing on policies affecting goods movement at the local, state, and federal levels. Prior to joining FuturePorts in 2006, Warren was the Public Policy Manager for transportation and environmental issues at the Los Angeles Area Chamber of Commerce, where she also managed the Mobility 21 Coalition. Her experience includes over 15 years in the global engineering and construction industry, working for firms such as CH2M HILL and Jacobs on national port, railroad, and transportation projects. #RailDay2019 Social Media Guide Join the Community of Rail Advocates GoRail's rail advocates are community leaders from every region of the country. From Duluth to Denver, Corpus Christi to Charleston, freight rail investments are catalyzing local development and supporting jobs in their communities. Join our advocates and become a critical voice for smart rail policy decisions. Become a Rail Advocate	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11503
__label__cc	0.598575	0.401425	Robert Henry Brown Robert Henry Brown (c1870-1951) 1951 Obituary [1] "ROBERT HENRY BROWN specialized in the align of rice milling machinery and was the inventor of rice shelling and pearling machines, which contributed greatly to the nutritional value of that food. He was educated at the High Schools in Edinburgh and Glasgow and served his apprenticeship with Messrs. Aitken, McNeill and Company, Ltd., Colonial Ironworks, Glasgow, passing through the shops and drawing office, from 1886 to 1891. After gaining some practical experience in various works, he sailed for the Far East and for the next fifteen years acted as superintending engineer for Messrs. The Arracan Company, Ltd., London, in connection with the design and erection of rice mills in Burma and Siam. In 1905 he became works and acting general manager to Messrs. Howarth Erskine, Ltd., Bangkok, shipbuilders and public works contractors. After holding this position for seven years he went into practice as a consulting engineer in the same city and was a partner in the firm of Messrs. Barrow Brown and Company for the next six years. Since 1918 he had been associated with Messrs. W. E. Moulsdale and Company, Ltd., consultants to firms in Siam and the Far East, and in addition, from 1924, had acted as technical adviser and chairman of the board of the Allied National Corporation, Ltd., Westminster, export engineers. Mr. Brown, who had been a Member of the Institution since 1909, died on 2nd May 1951 at the age of eighty-one." ↑ 1951 Institution of Mechanical Engineers: Obituaries Retrieved from "https://gracesguide.co.uk/index.php?title=Robert_Henry_Brown&oldid=757663" Births 1870-1879 Institution of Mechanical Engineers	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11505
__label__cc	0.543528	0.456472	Voter choice (still) under attack April 13, 2014 by Darryl W. Perry President Obama recently gave a speech in which he claimed that voting rights were under attack, saying “The stark, simple truth is this: The right to vote is threatened today in a way that it has not been since the Voting Rights Act became law nearly five decades ago,” adding “Across the country, Republicans have led efforts to pass laws making it harder, not easier, for people to vote.” No one can deny that fact. In fact, the New York Times reports, “Over the last 15 months, at least nine states have enacted voting changes making it harder to cast ballots. A federal judge last month upheld laws in Arizona and Kansas requiring proof of citizenship, like a birth certificate or a passport, leading other states to explore following suit.” When President Obama says that voting rights are under attack, what he actually means is that voting rights are under attack in some parts of the country. Over the last four years, some states have made it easier to register to vote. A recent study by Pew research found that “13 states offered online voter registration in 2012, compared with just two in 2008.” The reports also “shows that states offering more convenient opportunities for voter registration had a lower rate of rejected registrations, lower use of provisional ballots, and fewer voters unable to cast ballots due to registration problems.” But, this still only looks at a small part of the issue. The Pew Research also found that “Overall voter turnout dropped 3.4 percentage points in 2012 from 2008. Turnout percentages in the Midwest and Northeast were higher than in the South in 2012. Two Midwestern states — Minnesota and Wisconsin — had the highest turnout rate in both 2008 and 2012.” Again, this is only looking at part of the issue. Ballot access remains the elephant in the room. Richard Winger says that even though the Pew study did look at ballot access “some of the states found to have the poorest performance happen to be states with severe ballot access laws, such as Alabama, California, and Oklahoma.” This November, Oklahoma will mark seven consecutive elections with only two parties on their ballot. Oklahoma also prohibits write-in votes, and removes single-candidate races, like the five statewide races this year with only one candidate, from the ballot. Oklahoma is just one example. Across the country, both major parties have been responsible for passing laws, and filing lawsuits, to keep opposing candidates off the ballot, which has an indirect effect of reducing voter turnout. If anything is under attack across the country, and by both parties in power, it is voter choice.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11508
__label__cc	0.516307	0.483693	Touring the Panama Canal This year marks the centennial of the Panama Canal. With its opening in 1914, seagoing transit between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans was radically transformed. Before “the trench” was dug, ships seeking to cross the Americas needed to circumnavigate South America — a time-consuming journey of 8,000 or so miles that included the rounding of that continent at the treacherous Cape Horn. The canal, however, is just 48.2 miles long and can be traversed in complete safety in 10 hours or less. It was a stupendous achievement, and in 1994 the American Society of Civil Engineers recognized it as one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World. (The other works named to that list include the Channel Tunnel; the CN Tower; the Empire State Building; the Golden Gate Bridge; the Itaipu Dam; and the Netherlands North Sea Protection Work.) In November 2013, I experienced this modern wonder firsthand. A very brief history of the canal From groundbreaking to completion, the creation of this engineering marvel took over three decades. It was initially undertaken by France in 1880, but the French efforts petered out in the 1890s. In 1903 Panama achieved independence from Colombia after a rebellion supported by the United States, and in 1904 the United States assumed control of the project to build the canal. The U.S. formally took over the construction after entering into a treaty that also gave it control over the geographic area known as the Panama Canal Zone. (That Zone consists of the canal itself as well as land extending several miles from either side of it, but excludes the cities of Panama City and Colón. Pursuant to a subsequent treaty signed by U.S. President Jimmy Carter in 1977, the U.S. ceded the Panama Canal Zone back to the Republic of Panama effective January 1, 2000.) Construction of the canal was finally concluded in 1913, and it opened to maritime traffic in the following year. The creation of the canal proved costly, and not just monetarily. Tens of thousands of the workers on the project died while it was being built. For the vast majority of those fatalities, the cause of death was either malaria or yellow fever; those two diseases also resulted in the hospitalizations of additional tens of thousands of laborers. It was during the time period of the canal’s construction that mosquitoes were first identified as the transmitters of malaria and yellow fever, and by the time of the completion of the project, public health officials had made great strides in reducing the incidences of both diseases in Panama. Cruising the canal When I travel, I generally enjoy taking cruises on local bodies of water such as rivers; and the cruise on which I embarked in Panama was a unique variation on that theme. Visitors can choose a full-day tour through the entire length of the canal, or a shorter excursion that still provides the experience of passing through two of the canal’s three locks. I opted for the more abbreviated version of the tour — partly because it didn’t require me to awaken as early on a Saturday morning. 🙂 My tour set off in the middle of the canal, and proceeded towards the Pacific Ocean. You may be surprised to learn that while the Pacific Ocean is generally located to the west of the Atlantic Ocean, the course of the canal from the Atlantic to the Pacific is a winding route that generally follows a southeasterly direction, rather than going from east to west. (This results from the east-west orientation of the Isthmus of Panama that the canal bisects.) Conversely, Atlantic-bound vessels chart a northwesterly course through the canal. Highlights along the shore Among the points of interest on my tour, other than the waterway itself, were a prison and a museum. We floated past El Renacer Prison, the correctional facility where former Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega is living out his days. We weren’t informed whether Mr. Noriega’s cell provides its occupant with a water view. 🙂 Orange is the new black for Manuel Noriega, who is one of the inmates in El Renacer Prison on the Panama Canal. We also passed by a colourful museum designed by legendary architect Frank Gehry. It’s called the Biodiversity Museum: Panama Bridge of Life, and is also known as the Biomuseo. The Biodiversity Museum: Panama Bridge of Life (also called the Biomuseo), designed by Frank Gehry. The Biomuseo isn’t actually on the canal; it’s on a strip of land in Panama City called the Amador Causeway, which juts out into Panama Bay. We cruised past it after we’d already emerged from the Pacific Ocean terminus of the canal. Making our way through the locks At the heart of the canal are the locks. They work as follows: A vessel making its way through the canal doesn’t remain at sea level the entire way, because if the entire canal was at sea level, the resulting currents would be too dangerous. Rather, during the course of the journey, the ship is gradually lifted and then lowered. During the middle portion of its passage, as it sails through Gatun Lake (an artificial lake that’s one of the byproducts of the digging of the canal), the ship will be 85 feet above sea level. The locks are the means by which a ship is transferred between sections of the canal that are at different elevations. A lock contains a gated compartment that the ship enters. After the ship has entered the compartment, the gates behind it swing shut and are sealed. Depending on the direction in which the boat is heading, water is either pumped into the compartment, to raise the boat to a higher level; or emptied out of the compartment to allow the boat to descend to a lower level. Once the adjustment in water level has been made, the gates in front of the boat swing open and the boat can continue on its way. The canal’s locks contain two parallel shipping lanes, so they can handle traffic in both directions simultaneously. Additionally, an expansion project is underway that will add one more set of locks. The new locks will be wider and deeper than the lanes in the existing locks, and will therefore allow the canal to accommodate larger ships than are currently capable of fitting into its locks. They will also expand the overall capacity of the canal and allow more ships to use it. As of this writing, the third lane of the Panama Canal is expected to open in late 2015. Immediately below are a couple of photos that I took from my boat as we went through the Miraflores Locks — a dual set of locks near the canal’s Pacific Ocean terminus. The view from my boat as we approach the Miraflores Locks. My view when we’re about to emerge from the Miraflores Locks, after my boat has been lowered. For a more dynamic view of the experience, have a look at this brief video that shows the highlights of my boat’s progress through the Miraflores Locks: If you continue in the direction in which we were proceeding, after exiting the Miraflores Locks, you’ll pass under the Bridge of the Americas, one of two bridges that span the width of the canal; and then you’ll reach the Pacific Ocean. Here’s what the Bridge of the Americas looks like: The Bridge of the Americas is one of two bridges that permit the crossing of the canal by automobile. This bridge is part of the Pan American Highway, an approximately 30,000 mile network of roads that extends from Alaska to Argentina (but which doesn’t connect North America with South America, due to a roughly 60 mile interruption called the Darién Gap that covers the border between Panama and Colombia). The view of the bridge seen here is looking away from the Pacific Ocean, after my boat had passed through the Miraflores Locks and ridden under the bridge. Also at the Miraflores Locks is a visitor’s center. Inside, you can learn more about the canal and how it works. It also contains observation decks from which you can look down upon the canal and watch vessels making their way through it. On the day after my cruise through the canal, I checked out the visitor’s center at Miraflores Locks. The next series of photos was taken from the topmost of its viewing platforms. Looking down on Miraflores Locks from the observation deck at the visitor’s center. As viewed from the visitor’s center, a Pacific-bound container ship approaches the Miraflores Locks. The container ship, with its colourful cargo, pulls into the Miraflores Locks. The container ship waits in one segment of the Miraflores Locks while the water level is lowered. A museum about the canal In addition to the canal itself, I visited the Museo del Canal Interoceánico de Panamá (Panama Interoceanic Canal Museum) in Panama City. The museum provides a comprehensive overview of the construction and history of the canal. It’s in the Casco Viejo (Old City) section of town; and it occupies a historic building. The Museo del Canal Interoceánico de Panamá (Panama Interoceanic Canal Museum) in Panama City. The museum is informative and displays some interesting artifacts related to the canal and its construction. The one drawback for English-speaking visitors (or at least those who aren’t fluent in Spanish) is that all the signage is in Spanish. You can rent an audio guide that provides English-language narration covering a portion of the museum’s exhibits, and much of what you’re seeing can otherwise be figured out from context. But I did feel that I wasn’t able to learn as much as I would have if English translations of the museum’s plaques had been provided. For example, the museum had a temporary exhibition on the discovery of the Pacific Ocean and the effects of that discovery on the Age of Exploration. The subject matter of that exhibition is fascinating to me, but I got very little out of the presentation due to the Spanish-only signage. (That temporary exhibition wasn’t covered by the audio guide.) Overall, though, I enjoyed my visit to the museum and felt that it enhanced my appreciation of the Panama Canal and my understanding of how it came to be. Parting thoughts It was under President Theodore Roosevelt that the United States took the initiative in completing the Panama Canal. President Roosevelt observed that “[a] finer body of men has never been gathered by any nation than the men who have done the work of building the Panama Canal,” and that those men “have made not only America but the whole world their debtors by what they have accomplished.” Indeed, the product of those workers’ labors has had a profound impact on the world. A century after the first ship passed through its locks, the canal remains a vital part of global commerce, and it stands as one of the most impressive accomplishments in the history of civil engineering. Taking a cruise on the canal is one of the coolest things I’ve done in my travels. (Of course, singing karaoke in Panama was pretty awesome too.) 🙂 Would you like to ride through the Panama Canal? Categories: North America, travel \| Tags: architecture, biomuseo, canal, El Renacer, Frank Gehry, Noriega, Panama, Panama Canal, Panama City, photography, prison, travel \| 21 Comments 21 thoughts on “Touring the Panama Canal” codowd This is brilliant! I have been obsessed with the two canals for years and would love to see them in the flesh one day. Seeing two oceans in one day – can’t often say that 🙂 @codowd: I only saw one ocean that day, since I started in the middle of the canal. To be honest, even the partial tour involves a lot of sitting around (while you’re waiting for each of the locks to be ready for your boat, and then during the pumping process), so the full-day tour might have long intervals of boringness. 🙂 With that said, going through the canal was an amazing experience. You say that you’ve been obsessed with TWO canals; what’s the other one (besides Panama)? Melody Pittman Loved your article and have a couple regarding Panama and surrounding areas coming soon. My husband and I spend much time in Boquete, but always bring new friends to Miraflores for the excitement of watching the ships go through the canal. Have you ever used the app (I can’t remember the name right now) that tells you the name of the ship and all pertinent details of what ship is going through the canal at that particular time? I was on a Panama Canal cruise 7 years ago and just cannot believe how large the city has grown, and so fast. They are enjoying their rise to metropolitan city fame just as much as I enjoy watching it for them. Best wishes on future travels. 😉 @Melody: I haven’t used that app. Sounds interesting, though. I was surprised at how large Panama City was. The whole experience sounds incredible! The Frank Gehry museum looks really amazing as well. I’m sure it doesn’t have my favorite mascots (Pee and Poop) from the museum in India that you visited, but the architecture is really incredible. @Jen: It really was an incredible experience. I can’t confirm whether the Biodiversity Museum has Pee and Poo, since I didn’t go inside. 🙂 This must have been an incredible experience. I saw the ferries going through the Miraflores locks, but actually going through it must have been ace! @Claudia: It really was a great experience! Amazing stuff, would love to visit. @Steven: You should! It’s great to see a wonder like this in person. One day, Senor, one day. theegetawaygal Absolutely loved that you included a video. Although I’m sure it’s more amazing in person it allowed me to feel as though I were there. Thanks for all the wealth of information you provided. This is an amazing piece of history that I now know a lot more about! @thegetawaygal: I’m glad you enjoyed the video! Yes, the making of the canal is, in my opinion, a fascinating bit of history — and a great example of man triumphing over some great challenges! ladyofthezoos What a cool experience! I’ve never been through locks of any kind but at least I can say I’ve either seen or been through or across many of the other Modern Wonders. @ladyofthezoos: It was a pretty cool experience to ride through the locks. (I had done that before on the Nile River in Egypt actually, but going through THESE locks was even cooler.) How cool is this! I’d love to see this in person! @MK: I hope you will get the chance to see it in person! Zofia Bałdyga I love the Biodiversity Museum building. I’d like to go inside, too. @Zofia: It’s certainly an interesting-looking building! ryanzieman I still can’t believe the US held onto the canal until only recently. I agree that it’s modern marvel and a cruise down it would be an incredible experience. Thanks for brining us along 😉 @Ryan: Well, the U.S. did do all the work in getting the canal built after the French pulled out. 🙂 And if President Carter hadn’t signed the treaty in the 1970s, the U.S. might still have control of the Canal Zone today!	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11513
__label__cc	0.740985	0.259015	← Detective Comics 969 Star Wars Poe Dameron 21 review → X-Men Blue 16 review Seeing how this is the last Wednesday of a 5-Wednesday month, I didn’t pick up as many comics as usual. At the same time, I picked up more comics than I usually do in the first Wednesday of the month because Marvel is terrible at spreading out their releases properly. Since I only picked up 4, I’m reviewing all of them in full. So here is my first comic review of the day. I didn’t read the recent Mojoverse crossover with the X-Men. As much as I’m enjoying X-Men blue despite its flaws, and as much as I’m curious about Astonishing X-Men, I didn’t feel like picking up a crossover with X-men Gold, nor have I ever been all that much of a Mojo fan. I get the appeal of the concept, but I’m not a fan. Despite not reading the crossover, it was easy to figure out what’s happening in this issue without reading the recap page. Written by Cullen Bunn, X-Men Blue kicks off a time traveling story arc for the time displaced original X-Men. When the time stream seems to start acting up, and a couple characters disappear from thin air, without even a trace of their scent according to Jimmy Hudson (Wolverine’s son from the Ultimate Universe and a boring character from what I’ve seen), the team needs to embark on a journey through time. That part of the story gives us an entertaining beginning, with a touch of humour as they randomly land on different points in the X-Men cannon, it doesn’t feel all that exciting yet. I couldn’t tell you why. Before the time stream shenanigans begin, there are a couple really good character moments. The first is with Cyclops and Bloodstorm (a vampiric Storm from another dimension) sitting on a roof. It’s there where Cyclops realizes he’s got a lot more in common with Bloodstorm than he thought, and it feels like the two of them could develop a deep friendship in ways that the rest of the team can’t form. The other is a shorter moment between Jean Grey and Beast that touches on each of their insecurities. These slower, quieter moments are where this issue works the best. The main story, while fun, isn’t anywhere close to being that good. The art by Thony Silas might be a bit of an acquired taste, but it’s good. It’s a simple style that kind of feels like the 90’s, but without going too far. There are a fair amount of sharp angles and flat lines, most noticeable with chins and the fairly rectangular shapes in the backgrounds, but when the backgrounds are mostly comprised of city skylines in the distance complete with lights, bookshelves and window frames, that’s fine. And it makes more curved objects stand out more. There’s good use of motion blur in the more intense scenes, and facial expression do a good job at conveying emotions. Rain Beredo’s colouring is great. In addition to the comic being well varied in colour, there’s a lot of great shading work, a bit of a glow appearance around lights, and there’s a reddened panel to emphasize how both Cyclops and Bloodstorm can only see in red, adding to their character development. As a whole this is a good comic. The character moments are far better than the action, but even the action is entertaining. It does feel good to be reading this series again after temporarily dropping it for the crossover, even if it’s a reminder that this series doesn’t seem to be living up to its potential. Fans of the original X-Men should check this series out. About healed1337 I am a relatively new comic book fan writing this blog for other new comic book fans and/or people who are interested in comics but don't know where to start. I've always been interested in writing, to the point where I have a college Creative Writing Certificate and I'm currently a year 2 Journalism student. I also have another blog where I mostly make fun of bad movies - www.healed1337.blogspot.com As for how I got into comics, I've always had a passing interest in superheroes: most notably Batman, Spider-man and the X-Men. Until February of 2011 (I think,) my only experience with any of these franchises came from the movies and video games. Shortly after I bought Marvel Vs. Capcom 3 however, I decided to check out X-23, Wolverine's female clone. I ended up reading her Innocence Lost origin story and enjoyed it. From there, I started reading various X-Men comics and it quickly exploded into my newest hobby. My other interests/hobbies include video games, movies, music, playing sports, my dogs and weird news. View all posts by healed1337 → This entry was posted in comic review, comics and tagged beast, bloodstorm, comic review, comics, cullen bunn, cyclops, hank McCoy, jean grey, jimmy hudson, marvel comics, ororo munroe, rain beredo, scott summers, storm, thony silas, x-men, x-men blue. Bookmark the permalink. 1 Response to X-Men Blue 16 review xmenxpert says: Definitely could’ve done with more drawn-out character moments. It looks like an interesting story, though. I’m one of those weird people who enjoys time travel shenanigans.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11514
__label__cc	0.590688	0.409312	I Draw on My Wall and I like movies Carlito’s Way (1993) August 31, 2017 August 11, 2017 ~ idrawonmywall ~ Leave a comment Directed by Brian De Palma Carlito's Way is, like I wrote about The Untouchables, very violent and melodramatic, but it's great. Okay, maybe it's a little long, but this genre of mafiosos, gangsters, drugs and money is always a little long. In Carlito's Way, we're given too early images of Carlito Brigante (Al Pacino). In the first, … Continue reading Carlito’s Way (1993) Directed by Richard Linklater Most of Richard Linklater’s films seem grounded in hyperrealism, but because of that it might be easy to overlook the sort of heightened realism of some of his other films, such as SubUrbia and Tape. These are films presented as stories in our own world. They glamorize or at least focus … Continue reading Tape (2001) The Steamroller and the Violin (1962) August 29, 2017 August 9, 2017 ~ idrawonmywall ~ Leave a comment Directed by Andrei Tarkovsky The Steamroller and the Violin, Andrei Tarkovsky's first film, is a quiet one about a young boy, who plays the violin, befriending a working man, the steamroller. The story is simple but genuine. It relies on the interaction between and believability of the two main characters, but the film is much … Continue reading The Steamroller and the Violin (1962) The Lost City of Z (2017) Directed by James Gray The Lost City of Z is an adventure movie, but there's not quite as much adventure as you'd expect. It's the story of Percy Fawcett (Charlie Hunnam), an explorer in the early 1900s who accepts a mission deep into the uncharted Amazon and soon becomes obsessed with finding a lost city … Continue reading The Lost City of Z (2017) Directed by Brian De Palma I can’t tell if this film is good or terrible. I probably only give it as much credit as I do because it’s directed by Brian De Palma. The film is occasionally melodramatic and often cartoonishly violent, two things that might irritate me in another film, but those qualities are … Continue reading The Untouchables (1987) Don’t Think Twice (2016) Directed by Mike Birbiglia I loved Don't Think Twice when I first saw it about a year ago. I love improv, I love Mike Birbiglia, and I love so many of the actors in this movie. It ends on a sentimental note, and it worked for me. Watching this a second time, though, I was struck … Continue reading Don’t Think Twice (2016) Coherence (2013) Directed by James Ward Byrkit Coherence is a low budget, contained sci-fi movie that relies on no special effects, just the effective performances of the actors who carry the story. It's about a moment in time, as a comet passes overhead, in which different dimensions coalesce or at least come into brief contact. We follow … Continue reading Coherence (2013) Blow Up (1966) Directed by Michelangelo Antonioni Blow Up was Antonioni's biggest hit. It's a film that seems as immersed in the 1960s youth, counter culture movement as any other I can think of. Other films like Bonnie & Clyde (1968) likely benefited from a growing audience born out of this time period, but Blow Up seems like it couldn't … Continue reading Blow Up (1966) Don’t Look Back (1967) Directed by D.A. Pennebaker The 1967 New York Times review of this film begins: "It will be a good joke on us all if, in fifty years or so, Dylan is regarded as a significant figure in English poetry. Not Mr. Thomas, the late Welsh bard, but Bob, the guitar-picking American balladeer. One step toward … Continue reading Don’t Look Back (1967) Red Desert (1964) Directed by Michelangelo Antonioni Red Desert might make you expect something resembling a western, at least on the surface. Knowing this was an Antonioni film, I didn't expect much of a narrative or anything as plot-heavy as a John Wayne movie, but the title does make you think of two things: color and scope. There … Continue reading Red Desert (1964) A Separation (2011) The Dead Don’t Die (2019) Aniara (2018) Memories of Murder (2003) idrawonmywall on Aniara (2018) Pink Pearl on Aniara (2018) idrawonmywall on Fyre (2019) Cynthia on Fyre (2019) #221 8 1⁄2/Otto e me… on 8 1/2 (1963)	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11518
__label__cc	0.596066	0.403934	ILC Statements Siberia (Russia) U.S.A. (AALC) U.S.A. (LCMS) U.S.A. – (LMS-USA) ILC Conferences Summary 2005 – Berlin 2007 – Accra 2007 – Pretoria Conference Essays 2009 – Seoul 2012 – Niagara Falls, Canada ILC World Conference 2015 Argentina Book of Concord Essays Tag: Evangelical Lutheran Church of Tanzania – South East of Lake Victoria Diocese ILC welcomes Tanzanian Lutheran diocese into membership Posted on 28 February 2019 28 February 2019 by Mathew Block Rev. Dr. Naomichi Masaki, ELCT-SELVD Bishop Emmanuel Makala, Rev. Dr. Daniel Mono, and ILC General Secretary Albert Collver. GERMANY – On February 27, 2019, the International Lutheran Council (ILC)) welcomed the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Tanzania – South East of Lake Victoria Diocese (ELCT-SELVD) as a Recognized Organization observer member. Their acceptance was formally declared in Wittenberg, Germany following a decision of the ILC’s Executive Committee. “We are so joyful that we have been accepted as a member of the ILC in an observer status,” said ELCT-SELVD Bishop Emmanuel Makala. “Through our authorized decision-making Assemblies, we have found that the ILC is a safe place for encouragement and learning.” The Pastor’s Committee of ELCT-SELVD voted to seek ILC membership in January 2019. The Pastors’ Committee of ELCT-SELVD voted unanimously to seek membership in the ILC on January 24, 2019. “We understand that there is a big contradiction between the teachings and practices of African churches and much of world Lutheranism today,” Bishop Makala continued. “We pray for and witness to those who would change the church into a secular entity focused solely on human rights rather than on being the Church.” For that reason, he said, the ELCT-SELVD is grateful for the work of the International Lutheran Council. “The ILC remains faithful to the Scriptures and the Confessions. We remain also in that understanding and will not abuse our consciences.” ELCT-SELVD Bishop Emmanuel Makala and ILC General Secretary Albert Collver Rev. Dr. Albert Collver, ILC General Secretary, welcomed Bishop Makala and the ELCT-SELVD warmly. “It is a joy to welcome the South East of Lake Victoria Diocese into the ILC family,” said Dr. Collver. “Bishop Makala is a faithful leader of the church and we look forward to the ELCT-SELVD’s participation in the life and work of the International Lutheran Council.” The decision to seek affiliation with the ILC has been a natural progression for the ELCT-SELVD, with Bishop Makala having been a regular guest at ILC world events over the past five years. Most recently, Bishop Makala and another member of the ELCT-SELVD are participating in the Lutheran Leadership Development Program. “I congratulate Bishop Dr. Emmanuel Makala and his beloved diocese for joining the ILC,” said Rev. Dr. Naomichi Masaki, Associate Professor at Concordia Theological Seminary (Fort Wayne, Indiana) and Director of the Lutheran Leadership Development Program. “It has been my highest privilege to know him very closely over the course of so many years. Bishop Makala has always been a faithful confessor of doctrine and in all its articles. All he has done as bishop has been motivated not by some personal gain but for the sake of his people.” “I agree with many who consider him as a Luther for this age in Tanzania,” Dr. Masaki continued. “His people rejoice with him on this occasion because they know that they will continue to be cared for by their Savior through faithful administration of the pure Word of God and sacraments according to Christ’s institution. I join with all of the beloved saints in his diocese in praising the Lord for His faithfulness to them and all of us!” The decision of the ELCT-SELVD to affiliate with the International Lutheran Council received praise from other African Lutherans as well. “I would like to express my sincere congratulations to Rev. Dr. Emmanuel Joseph Makala, Bishop of the ELCT-SELVD, because you have been accepted as a member of the International Lutheran Council,” said General Secretary Teshome Amenu of the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus. “This is a historic and special moment because this agreement was made in Wittenberg, Germany, where Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses and called the church back to the authority of the Holy Scriptures five hundred years ago. Let us remain faithful to the Holy Scriptures and Lutherans Confessions!” Rev. Dr. Daniel Mono, a District Pastor in the ELCT-SELVD, also expressed joy at their diocese’s welcome into the ILC. “It was such good news for all of us to be accepted as members of the International Lutheran Council,” he said. “We are looking forward to being active and faithful members; faithful to the Gospel of Jesus Christ, administering sacraments as instituted and mandated to us by Jesus Christ.” “With no doubt, God has heard the prayers of pastors and members of ELCT- South East of Lake Victoria Diocese,” he continued. “We all regard the ten documents in the Bok of Concord as true interpretations of the Bible. We are looking forward to cooperating in various ways.” While the South East of Lake Victoria Dioceses is a member of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Tanzania, it is also an independently constituted legal entity, allowing it to affiliate with the International Lutheran Council. The diocese has approximately 23,000 members, 72 congregations, and 72 pastors. The diocese was established in 2012 and officially inaugurated in 2013 as a result of rapid growth in the region. At its 2018 World Conference, the ILC announced new membership categories that allow for a wider variety of observer members. One of these classes—Recognized Organizations—allows “ecclesiastical organizations other than or at a different level than organized church bodies” to seek observer membership, allowing “councils, districts, dioceses, organized movements, and individual congregations” to affiliate with the ILC. More information on the different membership categories in the International Lutheran Council, including how to apply, is available here. Posted in FeaturedBishop Emmanuel Makala ELCT-SELVD Evangelical Lutheran Church of Tanzania – South East of Lake Victoria Diocese Tanzania2 Comments Get the latest newsletter delivered to your inbox. © 2005 - 2019 International Lutheran Council. All rights reserved.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11521
__label__wiki	0.512719	0.512719	Festival Attendee Speaks Out After Fighting Back Against Man Who Groped Her (NSFW) Hannah Peters, Getty Images The 2017 edition of New Zealand's long-running Rhythm and Vines music festival was unfortunately overshadowed by assault on New Year's Eve when a man groped a topless female concertgoer — who was then recorded violently responding to her attacker. The Daily Mail reports that the woman in question, 20-year-old Madeline Anello-Kitzmiller, has since taken the opportunity to speak out against this type of unwanted attention — and defend a woman's right to expect autonomy over her own body regardless of whatever she happens to be wearing. "I stand by my actions and hope that I've inspired women to feel comfortable in their bodies, no matter how they look, and to stick up for themselves when anybody says otherwise or tries to deny you the right to protect your own body," Annello-Kitzmiller told the paper. "He grabbed my breast. I hit him. There was a lot of built up anger coming from harassment throughout the day. This happens everywhere, not just New Zealand." As you can see in the NSFW clip embedded above, Annello-Kitzmiller and her friend followed the man back to his spot on the grass, where they threw a drink in his face and hit him repeatedly. The Daily Mail's report notes that a portion of the online commentary in response to the incident has come from those who feel the women were essentially asking to be groped by walking around in short skirts with glitter and paint covering their bare breasts. It's an argument Annello-Kitzmiller has forcefully refuted, noting that there have been plenty of times she's been similarly assaulted while wearing average everyday outfits — and in any event, she doesn't feel nudity should be a source of shame or an excuse for invading someone else's personal space. "In the end, we are all born naked, and each human is uniquely similar to the next in that we all have a naked body. You don't look at yourself in the shower and say 'ew, disgusting,' right?" pointed out Annello-Kitzmiller. "So why should anybody say that to anybody else? A human's body is their own, and nobody has a right to touch you without your consent, regardless of what they're wearing or the lack thereof." Next: Rock's Worst Festival Disasters Source: Festival Attendee Speaks Out After Fighting Back Against Man Who Groped Her (NSFW)	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11527
__label__wiki	0.825599	0.825599	Top Tech News: Weekly Review The most important and interesting news on technology, developments, trends and much more. One of the factories for the production of iPhone was infected with a virus It is not the first time the virus WannaCry caused discomfort and even disrupt the big companies. It would seem that enough time has passed to develop a system of protection against malware, but WannaCry continues its activities. For example, recently one of the factories for the production of parts for Apple smartphones was hit. The contamination affected the company Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. (TSMC), which produces chipsets for existing and future iPhones. As it became known from the recently published press release, the infection of the company's equipment occurred on August 3 and then had to stop production for a few hours. During the investigation, it became clear that it is difficult to cope with the infection in a short time, as the company's plants were hit in the cities of Tainan, Hsinchu and Taichung. To correct the situation took as much as 3 days and only on the night of 6 to 7 August production was resumed. Company representatives say that the infection WannaCry was not due to poor cybersecurity systems and because of operating errors during a software installation of a new production tool. In addition, experts note that the failure will not affect the timing of the order for Apple, but as a result of downtime will significantly increase the cost of TSMC and the delivery of parts for other "less important" orders may suffer. Google has published Android 9 Pie On August 6, 2018, Google announced the release of a new version of the Android operating system. More than 140 thousand participants of the Android Beta program took part in the development testing. Innovations have affected both ordinary users and developers. The Android Pie source code was published in the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). What's new in Android 9 Pie? Android 9 automatically adjusts the phone according to the user's preferences and habits for maximum operating time and best performance of the most commonly used apps. Google has partnered with DeepMind to work on a feature called Adaptive Battery that uses machine learning to prioritize system resources. App Actions — new methods to improve the visibility of the application. They take advantage of machine learning to direct the right application to the user at the right time, based on the semantic intent of the application and the context of the user. Developers have extended machine learning models that identify objects in content or text input to support types such as dates and flight numbers through the TextClassifier API. Smart Linkify allows you to use TextClassifier models through the Linkify API, including advanced options for quick user follow-up. Smart Linkify provides improved detection accuracy as well as performance. Android 9 has brought an updated version of the neural networks API to extend Android support for accelerated device learning on the device. Neural Networks 1.1 adds support for nine new operating systems — Pad, BatchToSpaceND, SpaceToBatchND, Transpose, Strided Slice, Mean, Div, Sub, and Squeeze. A typical way to use the API is to use TensorFlow Lite. New navigation system being developed for more than a year simplifies the user's interaction with the device, providing a quick and intuitive transition between screens. The widget Magnifier allows users to precise position a cursor or the selection handles of a text, browsing enhanced text using the drag bar. It can also provide an enlarged version of any view or surface, not just text. Biometric authentication - applications that have previously used user identity verification with biometric data can now use the built-in BiometricPrompt API. Artificial intelligence defeated a team of professionals in Dota 2 On August 5, 2018, OpenAI held a Dota 2 match between bots and humans. The competition ended with AI victory with the score 2:0. To make the game manageable for OpenAI Five and a team of people, certain conditions were met, for example, a pool of 18 Dota heroes (instead of 100 or more) and a Random Draft mode. Also, both groups of players have got a variety of couriers. In June, OpenAI showed the last iteration of their bots, which beat "five on five" of their opponent. AI have been educated and trained on the field Dota 2 with accelerated training in 180 years to the day. The group trained exclusively by a sparring against itself. The OpenAI Five response was increased from 80 to 200 MS. How was it? The pool consisted of 18 heroes: Axe, Crystal Maiden, Death Prophet, Earthshaker, Gyrocopter, Lich, Lion, Necrophos, Queen of Pain, Razor, Riki, Shadow Fiend, Slark, Sniper, Sven, Tidehunter, Viper and Witch Doctor. In the first game, a team of bots conducted maneuvers that did not allow people to destroy one of their defensive towers. Bots behaved like people: chatted, wrote causticities to rivals, learned to put a pause. The first two games, the main ones, were a demonstration of a well-coordinated AI game, but the team failed to win in the additional third match. This happened after the organizers allowed the audience to assemble a team for OpenAI Five. They took Slark, Sven, Axe, Riki and Queen of Pain. OpenAI Five won the best of the three series against some highly skilled players. In the future, there will be another test of the team, consisting entirely of bots, when they fight with professionals at the international level. Tesla security software will be open to all automakers Tesla intends to open the source code of the security system of its cars to third-party manufacturers. This was announced by Elon Musk (Elon Musk) after the conference DEF CON in Las Vegas. He also thanked the participants for improving the protection of Tesla and SpaceX. With the opening of the source code, Tesla electric car protection technologies will be able to use any automaker for free. Security software should protect cars from intruders who are able to hack electric cars and gain access to remote control. When competing companies use technology, Tesla's development companies may become the standard for vehicle safety. Helping third-party firms to strengthen the protection of electric cars from hacking can have a positive impact on the company's reputation. In may 2017, Elon Musk announced the lack of reliability of automatic driving systems. However, according to his forecasts, in 2019 cars will be able to drive without the help of a driver. The Commission on securities and exchanges of the USA were interested in the tweets of Mask to purchase shares of Tesla and started an investigation The unexpected statement of Tesla founder Elon Musk about plans to buy out the company's shares from the stock exchange caused a wide resonance in the network, shaken the stock exchanges and attracted the attention of the SEC regulator. And now the story has a very entertaining continuation. Reuters, citing unnamed sources familiar with the situation, reports that the Tesla Board of Directors has no accurate information yet about where Musk found fundings to buy shares. Although there have already been several meetings devoted to the discussion of the issue, the Council has not yet received a detailed financial plan from the Mask. The press service of Tesla refused to give any comments. On August 7, Elon Musk said on Twitter that he wants to make Tesla a private company and is ready to buy all the shares from the exchange at a price of $420 per piece, saying that the money for it is already there. After this statement, Tesla shares rose sharply by more than 10% (from $340 to $370), which made the exchanges to stop trading. With a price of $420, the deal will reach $72 billion, which (if implemented) will make it the largest in history. Some experts doubted that Musk has such means and the legality of the disclosure of this kind of information through the social network. The latter should establish the Commission on securities and stock exchanges of the USA, which has launched an investigation. ERP or WMS? Recently, there has been a tendency to implement part of the functionality of WMS systems in ERP systems and, conversely, part of the functionality of ERP systems in WMS systems. A wide range of services and products, payment and delivery methods make the Internet a business favourite. Sales funnel wolt Enter your name and email below for updates Don't worry, we hate spam too	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11530
__label__wiki	0.837469	0.837469	Through Hmong Museum Initiative, Mai Vang Makes Hmong History Visible By Aarohi Narain With an emphasis on education, preservation, and cultural programming, Mai Nhia Vang, founder of St. Paul’s Hmong Museum, leads the quest for a heightened Hmong consciousness. Today, the St. Paul metro area is home to the largest Hmong population per capita in the entire United States. Not only does it’s urban landscape act as the backdrop for major festivals such as the Minnesota Hmong New Year, but it is also home to the Hmong Museum: the nation’s one and only museum without walls that is devoted to documenting Hmong culture, arts, history, and personal narrative. But as recently as a decade ago, the Hmong Museum was no more than a fanciful idea – a fuzzy image still forming in the mind’s eye of Mai Nhia Vang, who is both the founder and current board chair. It was when Vang encountered a handwritten manuscript during her time as a student of anthropology that she understood, with the clarity that she had been seeking, her primary goal – to encourage a heightened Hmong consciousness through the acts of collecting, preserving, and archiving as many diverse Hmong stories as possible. “I wasn’t sure what career I could have with anthropology. In a museum studies class I was taking then, one of our assignments was to visit different museums around town. I chose the special archives at the University of Minnesota, and discovered that they have archives four football fields deep. I was so impressed and surprised to see how carefully they were taking care of old manuscripts and books,” Vang says, reflecting on early experiences that led her to museology. “I came across a handwritten manuscript by a children’s author, and I remember feeling such a strong connection to this author even though I didn’t know anything about him; through his handwriting, I felt deeply connected to him and that part of history. I reflected on that, and I realized that I didn’t have that kind of connection to my own parents’ lived histories, or to Hmong culture. In the Hmong community, we didn’t have anything like an archive back then – something consistent and totally available for the public to access. So, at that moment, I felt that that the best way to bring our histories and stories to life would be through objects.” Vang went on to pursue a master’s degree in anthropology, and also gained a certificate in museum studies from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Returning to the Twin Cities thereafter, she got in touch with various local leaders to get a lay of the land, as well as gauge interest amongst community members in fashioning a repository of all things Hmong. “There was a lot of enthusiasm, but nobody was really taking initiative. I created a page online, and managed to get many supporters all over the country. Everyone I spoke to in the community said they wanted something like a museum, but they didn’t know if there was a way to create that,” says Vang. Persevering through the worst years of the recession, Vang started working as a curator at the Minnesota Discovery Centre, a few hours north of the Twin Cities. Her time there, she says, gave her the skills and confidence she needed to go deeper into museum work, paying special attention to designing and implementing a project that would recognize and celebrate the intersection between all things Hmong. “I was driving down once a month to meet with community members and we were having serious conversations about setting up the museum. Once I moved back to the metro area in 2014, things took off. We achieved nonprofit status and the board was formalized. We’ve been continuing on that momentum since then,” remarks Vang, “Now, we have a good amount of following, but we still need to grow more. At this point, we’re outgrowing our volunteer capacity because there’s just so much work involved. Each person on the board has a full-time job, but the museum is a personal project to which we devote our personal effort and resources. It’s our passion.” Today, the Hmong Museum operates without a brick and mortar space, but its commitment to community is rock-solid. Vang, who works as collections manager with the Minnesota Museum of American Art, has successfully formed partnerships to carry out cultural programming in spaces as varied as libraries, galleries, studios, personal homes, and local Hmong businesses and restaurants. “We try to use community spaces because of their accessibility,” she contends. “Being a museum without walls has really forced us to think about that: how we want to reach the community, and the community to reach us.” Working in community spaces has worked well so far, but Vang hopes that the Hmong Museum will have a gallery space or store front in the next few years. “I want to find a space where we can host programs. It’s important for us to grow our staff and funding so we can sustain our project, and continue to do this work,” she says. Already, the Hmong Museum has many unique and creative undertakings to its name. Most recently, they have been conducting Project Paj Ntaub, a monthly three-hour workshop offering instruction on traditional Hmong cross-stitching and applique. Another venture, Unforgotten, is a digital storytelling venture focused on retrieving and recording the narratives of Hmong veterans who fought in the secret guerilla units. A legacy that remains relatively unknown, Vang is interested in making visible this challenging history for people within the community and beyond. “It’s difficult for veterans to talk about their experiences during the war, but they have been forced to stay undercover for so long that many of them are now ready to share their stories. They don’t necessarily share horrific tales, but they do talk about missions, the impact of their work as soldiers, those they fought with, and their families and friends. They are fighting to be recognized by the U.S. because they don’t receive the kind of respect they would like as veterans, even though Hmong veterans were trained by the CIA and fought alongside Americans,” Vang says, vividly aware of the intergenerational trauma present in the community. “I don’t want to re-traumatize people by making them share painful stories. For us, the most important thing is that we begin collecting stories that people are willing to share right now. They may not be directly related but are ancillary to the war experience,” she offers. “For example, I’ve heard that if one family had a television and radio set in the refugee camp, everyone would surround them and it would be a community experience. Some of these stories are about joy.” Vang finds that the stories of Hmong individuals become more and more diverse as she delves deeper. There’s no singular answer to the question of what it means to be a person of Hmong descent in the world today, and Vang is interested in capturing the full spectrum of Hmong identities. She hopes that future generations, exposed to these vibrant, multicolored narratives, will receive opportunities to eke out their own unique senses of Hmong-ness through the artefacts and programming of the Hmong Museum. As Nigerian novelist, poet, professor, and critic Chinua Achebe famously said, “Until the lions have their own historians, the history of the hunt will always glorify the hunter.” As the woman at the forefront of the Hmong Museum’s quiet revolution, Vang gives the reins to the idiomatic lion. She offers Hmong Americans a historic platform to not only hear their ancestors’ voices, but also to become, in due course, their own storytellers. “I hope that this museum and the tangible things we begin collecting – stories and objects – can make a future Hmong individual feel connected to themselves, and to their history. If they see a paj ntaub, or listen to the narrative of an elder who fought in the war, they can understand that that is all part of who they are. They can see that they have this rich and complex history,” says Vang. “I want them to think, ‘This is the root that holds me down. This validates who I am as a person.’” Mai Vang at the Hmong Museum booth at the Minnesota Hmong New Year celebrations at the RiverCentre in St. Paul Hmong Museum awarded $20,000 from Knight Foundation, November 2015. From left: Victoria Rogers (KF VP/Art), July Vang (HM Board), Mai Vang (HM Founder and Chair), Kathy Mouacheupao (HM VP), and Bahia Ramos (KF Arts Program Director) at the award Ceremony	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11532
__label__wiki	0.913611	0.913611	Tag Archives: Ontario Provincial Health Insurance Plan The Future of ObamaCare? The Nationalized Health Care of Canada has stuck again. This is ongoing and started earlier this week but Wisconsin took up the time. If this doesn’t outrage you, you must be dead, or a Liberal. But it’s coming to an ObamaCare near you… London, Ontario Free Press: Jane Sims The London Free Press Moe Maraachli keeps the snapshots of his dying baby boy in an envelope in his jacket pocket. He pulls out the photos of the son he’s about to lose, trying to understand how a hospital, an Ontario health-related board assigned to judge consent issues, and a London court could say he and his wife can’t take Baby Joseph home to Windsor to die. “I do my best for my baby. I do my best,” he said Thursday outside the London courthouse, tears in his eyes. “This is killing, this is criminal . . . I’m sure this is murder.” This Monday, on Family Day in Ontario, Joseph Maraachli, who’s in a vegetative state from a neurodegenerative disease, will die after his breathing tube is removed from his tiny body at a London hospital, ending an ethical and legal dilemma that tried to balance unwanted suffering with the needs of a child and his family. “I lose my baby,” his father, 37, who came to Canada from Lebanon 11 years ago, said. “They take him from me.” “I don’t lose my baby like God take him. They take him. They want to take him.” “It was basically our family’s word versus the medical system’s world,” said his aunt, Samar Nader, who’s sure she saw Joseph respond to her this week when she touched his head. “I think in medicine, they’re just looking at the world from a black and white point of view.” “The family understands the child and for us to witness his death on Monday . . . I don’t know,” she said. An emotional Superior Court Justice Helen Rady, who called it “heartbreaking” and “such a sad and difficult case”, decided Thursday not to allow the family’s appeal of a decision last month by Ontario’s Consent and Capacity Board to have the child’s breathing tube removed and put in place a do-not-resuscitate order and palliative care. The baby’s father and mother, Sana Nader, 35, wanted the same treatment for Joseph as was given to their daughter before she died, eight years ago at 18 months – give Joseph a tracheotomy and ventilation, and allow them to take him home to die what they would be a peaceful death. But Joseph’s doctors say while a tracheotomy – an incision is made in a patient’s airway, to help breathing – may prolong the baby’s life, it’s futile in this case and would likely cause much discomfort. It would certainly also increase the risk of infection and pneumonia, they argue. “The medical officials would not want this little boy to suffer,” Rady said. When born in January 2010, Joseph, now 13 months, was a beautiful, normal baby. But five months later he started having seizures like his sister. By June, he couldn’t swallow. In October, he stopped breathing while travelling with his parents. He was taken to an Ingersoll hospital, then rushed to the London Health Sciences Centre’s pediatric critical care unit where he’s been ever since. His father has stayed in London to be with his son. His mother is in London every weekend and returns to Windsor to look after the couple’s other son, Ali. Joseph’s on a ventilator and fed through a tube. He’s in what the doctors call “a persistent vegetative state.” The doctors say he’s blind and deaf. He’s missing all five brain stem reflexes considered necessary for life – gag, cough, eye movement, pupil and cornea responses. His brain deterioration is irreversible. A team of doctors, including a world-renowned pediatric expert from Toronto’s Hospital for Sick Children, has examined Joseph and agrees he’s dying of the same progressive neurodegenerative disease that claimed his sister. Joseph’s doctor told the adjudication board that doctors “reluctantly” gave the couple’s daughter a tracheotomy. Since then, doctors have learned “substantially” more about the procedure and determined it isn’t right for Joseph. The board agreed with Joseph’s attending doctor that the baby has “no hope or chance of ever recovering.” “While we feel a great deal of empathy for the parents, we held that their view was not in any way realistic,” the board said, adding Joseph’s parents “were blinded by their obvious love” for their child. The State Board knows better!!! Sound ObamaCare-ish? Yes! Obamacare establishes the Independent Payment Advisory Board, whose stated responsibility is to develop proposals to reduce the growth of Medicare spending. His parents fear Joseph will choke to death once the tube is removed. They say he responds to their touch and wanted the board to see him in hospital before deciding. Rady said it’s unclear what the board would have seen had its members agreed. And she noted that while Joseph’s head and body have grown, it doesn’t mean the medical assessments are wrong. The case digs deeply into the delicate balance of life versus. suffering. Ethicist Margaret Somerville, of McGill University’s Centre for Medicine, Ethics and Law, said the case is “a judgment where the parents are giving priority to the prolongation of life and the doctor is giving priority to the quality of that life.” “I’m sure there’s no doubt in this case that this child has a very poor quality of life, but we do know that health care professionals judge quality of life much lower than people themselves do.” Somerville said such quality-of-life decisions are delicate and often at odds. What needs to be examined is why the family doesn’t agree with the decision and if their reasons are acceptable, she said. The board had ordered Joseph’s breathing tube be removed Friday, but Rady said that wasn’t sensitive to the family’s need. Instead, she ordered they comply by Monday – a statutory holiday in Ontario, to celebrate family – “to afford the whole family adequate time to say their good-byes.” Rady’s voice broke when she addressed the family. “I hope that in time you’ll find peace,” she said. Joseph’s father wasn’t satisfied. “It’s not help,” he said later. His lawyer, Geoff Snow, said he understands Rady’s decision but added, “the loss of a child in any circumstances is tragic and it’s unfortunate that there’s not more than could have been done.” Lawyer Julie Zamprogna Balles, who acted for the doctor, said Rady’s decision was “well-reasoned and compassionate.” While the case had “very sad and unfortunate circumstances,” everyone involved, she said, have “focused on Little Joseph’s best interests.” But a grieving Moe Maraachli said there’s “no humanity” in Canada. He expressed a desire to die himself. “I stay with him until the last moments and hopefully I go with him,” he said. THE ETHICAL ISSUE Whether to provide medical intervention to prolong the life of a dying child who’s in a persistent vegetative state. THE LEGAL ISSUE Whether to allow an appeal of a decision by an Ontario health-based board that adjudicates consent issues, to take the child off life support. LONDON, Ont. – A father who has been battling to stop a London, Ont., hospital from removing his terminally ill son from a ventilator stood his ground Monday and defied a court order requiring him to give consent. Moe Maraachli says he and his wife Sana Nader are happy the breathing tube keeping their 13-month old son Joseph alive has not yet been removed. But their fight to get the boy a tracheotomy so they can take him home to die isn’t over. “I’m very excited because my son doesn’t remove his tube today,” said Maraachli, who has been sleeping at the hospital since Friday. “All my family is happy. We are happy. We feel it’s really Family Day today.” The Windsor, Ont., couple has been fighting for months against doctors at Victoria Hospital in London who say their son should be removed from life support because he will not recover from the rare neurological condition that has left him in a vegetative state. The family fears Joseph will suffer a painful death if the ventilator is removed, and prefers that a tracheotomy be performed so they can take him home to live his remaining days surrounded by people who love him. The couple’s 18-month-old daughter died almost nine years ago from a similar medical condition. She had a tracheotomy and lived at home for six months before she died, said Maraachli. But, last Thursday, Ontario Superior Court Justice Helen Rady ordered the couple to agree to take Joseph off the ventilator by 10 a.m. Monday. The judge was upholding a decision already made by Ontario’s Consent and Capacity Board. Because the London hospital could not get consent to remove the breathing tube from Joseph’s parents or other family members, it has the right to seek consent from the Office of the Public Guardian and Trustee, said Mark Handelman, Maraachli’s lawyer. But Maraachli is hoping his son Joseph will be transferred to Michigan’s Children’s Hospital in Detroit. Joseph has been treated there before under the Ontario Provincial Health Insurance Plan and the family feels they would have another chance at persuading doctors to perform a tracheotomy if he returns there. The couple’s friends recently contacted the U.S. hospital about a transfer and the London Health Sciences Centre, which Victoria Hospital falls under, was asked to send Joseph’s medical records there on Sunday. The London hospital sent Joseph’s medical chart by courier to Detroit on Monday, said spokeswoman Laurie Gould. “At this point in time we have not received any request for transfer,” said Gould. If a transfer request is made, Gould said her hospital would contact the public guardian and “wait for their direction.” The London hospital would not need permission from the public guardian to transfer Joseph to Michigan, said Handelman. Alex Schadenberg, executive director of the Euthanasia Prevention Coalition, called the baby Joseph case sad and tragic. Schadenberg questioned why doctors, not parents, should have the final say over their baby’s care. “Is it right that the doctor has now so much power?” asked Schadenberg. “I think the balance of power has shifted in Ontario too far, and I’m getting very concerned about who has the right to decide.” Gould said the case is certainly “emotionally charged.” The hospital has received calls and emails from the public, some offering prayers for the baby, who’s been at the hospital since October, she said. As cars honked their horns, a couple of dozen people holding signs and photos of the baby held a vigil outside the hospital Monday morning, an hour before the baby was to be removed from the ventilator. Maraachli’s sister-in-law Samar Nader said the family is “relieved and thankful” for all the support they’ve received from the public. “It’s true that miracles do happen and I would never have expected for my nephew to live past 10 o’clock without the people’s help,” she said. (CNN) — A Canadian family fighting to keep their 13-month-old son on a breathing tube says they have been denied a request to have him transferred to a hospital in Michigan. Moe and Sana Maraachli refused to sign consent when Canadian health officials determined their son Joseph, who suffers from a progressive degenerative neurological disease and was in a persistent vegetative state, should be removed from life support. Joseph is being treated at the London Health Sciences Centre in Ontario. The Maraachlis reached out to the Children’s Hospital of Michigan in Detroit in hopes of having their son transferred there for continued care. Family spokesperson Sam Sansalone said the hospital initially agreed to accept the transfer. He said he has since received an email indicating the request has been denied. Sansalone forwarded an email from the Detroit hospital that he said explains that after a review of Joseph’s records by neurological and intensive care physicians, “we cannot offer Joseph anything that he has not been provided already during his current admission by his current clinical care team … transfer to our facility will not provide him or the family any benefit.” Vickie Winn, a spokesperson from the Children’s Hospital, confirmed Joseph is not a patient at the hospital but could not offer further comment, citing patient privacy laws. Sansalone said the family is pursuing at least three other hospitals in other states. The family says the hospital has it wrong and that their son is not in a persistent vegetative state. Sansalone said they have noted experiences where the baby has responded to being tickled and has jolted when he felt discomfort with examinations or the feeding tubes. They say these are signs he might still have brain function. However, Canadian health officials disagree. On February 17, they decided Joseph should be removed from life support. The family was given until February 21 to say their goodbyes and sign the consent, but they have yet to do so. The Maraachlis are seeking a second opinion from what they consider to be an objective source that can review the more than 1,000 pages of Joseph’s medical records and provide a better assessment of their son’s treatment options. If he is beyond hope, they want him to be able to receive a tracheotomy, where he can be transferred home and die in the care of family instead of in a hospital. Experts say even if the family is granted this request, caring for a child in this condition is an arduous task. Dr. David Casarett, director of research and evaluation at the University of Pennsylvania’s Wissahickon Hospice, says patients at home with tracheotomies need monitoring to make sure the airway is clear of secretions, the skin is clean and dry and someone can make sure the incision at the tracheotomy site does not get infected. “A child’s care would be much more complex if a home ventilator is required, since the parents would need to manage the ventilator with the help of a nurse and respiratory therapist,” he said. Suzanne Vitadamo, spokesperson for the Terri Schiavo Life & Hope Network and Terri’s sister, issued the following statement: “It is unacceptable for Canadian Health Allocation Officials and/or the Canadian Government to make decisions for Joseph that will end his life and deny the wishes of his loving parents. “Every patient, regardless of age, has a right to proper and dignified health care. It is frightening to once again see government usurp the God-given rights of parents to love and care for their child at home, especially when the child is dying.” We are from the Government and we are here to help you, control you, and make decisions for you. Rejoice! Standard \| Posted in politics \| Tagged America, baby, board, breathing tube, children, choice, Citizens, consent, court, death, democrats, diversity, doctors, doublespeak, economics, empathy, ethic, Euthanasia, Fairness, faith, freedom, Health Care, Hope, hospital, Insurance, Joseph Maraachli, legal, Liberal, liberty, London Health Sciences Centre, Media, medical, medicare, Ministry of Truth, Moe Maraachli, moral, neurodegenerative disease, Newspeak, Obama, obamacare, Ontario Provincial Health Insurance Plan, Orwell, parents, politics, Race, reform, Responsibility, security, socialism, speech, suffering, sympathy, system, taxes, tea party, Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children, transfer, We the People, Windsor \| 1 Comment	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11539
__label__wiki	0.605364	0.605364	J. E. Hill Every once in a while the following list of coincidences between John F. Kennedy and Abraham Lincoln comes up. I am not sure if the purveyors of this stuff think there is some cosmic significance to this or that a supernatural source "designed" these things to occur, since it is never stated exactly just what the purpose of this exercise is. I would suspect the attached "mystical value" could be, and is used in several ways: First, that there is some sort of power in the universe that controls events. After all, how else can you explain the relationship of the events? Certainly all of these things cannot be coincidental. Therefore, there must be some force controlling them. As we will see, this form of circular reasoning in this application is false. Second, and for the more religious, that a god, specifically "The God," is pulling the historical stings for some mysterious reason that can only be found in the mind of God. Again, circular reasoning. Third, for the less credulous, just an interesting coincident of facts that have some sort of unexplained connection. However, as I will show, (with a dose or two of humor) this is a case of special pleading. Only the facts and figures that are coincidences are shown. For instance, the list is silent on the fact Lincoln was born in 1809, Kennedy in 1917 . Of the most important statistics or facts, either one side or the other is ignored. Indeed, if one just takes the flip side of one instance, its polar opposite is no where as close as the first. This list usually starts like this: Abraham Lincoln was elected to Congress in 1846. John F Kennedy was elected to Congress in 1946. They do not share the same birthdays. Lincoln practiced law, something Kennedy never did, formally anyway. Lincoln was born in Kentucky, Kennedy in Massachusetts. Lincoln was poor, Kennedy was rich. Kennedy never lost an election. Lincoln did. Lincoln was never a Senator (he lost), Kennedy was. Lincoln was the 16th president, Kennedy the 35th. Lincoln was a Republican, Kennedy a Democrat. Kennedy defeated Nixon, Lincoln defeated Douglas, Breckinridge, and Bell. When Kennedy was elected, South Carolina did not secede from the union! Kennedy did not lose his mother in childhood. Kennedy had more brothers and sisters than Abe. Their mother's and father's names are also completely different: Joe and Rose; Thomas and Nancy. Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860. John F. Kennedy was elected President in 1960. The were killed on different days, different years, different months. Kennedy was a Catholic, Lincoln was a Deist. Both were particularly concerned with civil rights. This is arguable, and certainly was not the rallying point of Kennedy's election. Kennedy was Camelot, Lincoln was keeping the Union together. Lincoln was reelected for a second term, Kennedy never made through one. Both wives lost their children while living in the White House. It's easy to get lost in the White House!! Sorry. Both had children who did survived. William Wallace (Willie) Lincoln died in 1862 at the age of 11, probably of typhoid. The Lincoln's had four children, all boys, with two surviving into adulthood. The Kennedy's had a daughter, Caroline; a son, John Jr. (born between the election of 1960 and Inauguration Day). Patrick Kennedy, born prematurely on August 7, 1963, died two days later. The Kennedy's also experienced a miscarriage and the stillbirth of a daughter. Lincoln's son was never killed in a plane crash. Lincoln's brother was never assassinated; or Attorney General! Both Presidents were shot on a Friday. Both Presidents were shot in the head. Kennedy was riding in a car, Lincoln was sitting in a chair. Kennedy was shot in the afternoon, Lincoln in the evening. Kennedy was shot in Dallas, Lincoln in Washington. Lincoln was carried to a boarding house, Kennedy to a Hospital. Kennedy was killed almost instantly, Lincoln hung on and died the next morning. Lincoln's secretary was named Kennedy. Kennedy's secretary was named Lincoln. Interesting, but just a coincidence. Lincoln's secretary of war was Cameron and Stanton; Kennedy's secretary of defense was McNamara. Not one of any of the other cabinet members have the same name. Both were assassinated by Southerners. Both were succeeded by Southerners named Johnson. Coincidence: One was named was Booth, one was named Oswald. John Wilkes Booth was born on May 10, 1838 near Bel Air, Maryland, just barely south (only twenty-five miles) of the Mason-Dixon line. Oswald, born: October 18, 1939, in New Orleans, Louisiana. Booth was single where Oswald was married but separated. Booth was an matinee idol; Oswald was a total loser, he even called himself a "patsy." Oswald never shouted anything after shooting Kennedy; Booth shouted "Sic semper tyrannis." Their wives (the Johnson's) had different first and last names. Lyndon Johnson's wife, Lady Bird's real name was Claudia Alta Taylor; Andrew Johnson's wife was, Eliza McCardie. Kennedy's wife was Jacqueline Lee Bouvier; Lincoln's wife was Mary Ann Todd. Birth and death dates are completely unrelated numerically. Andrew Johnson, who succeeded Lincoln, was born in 1808. Lyndon Johnson, who succeeded Kennedy, was born in 1908. Coincidence: Born in different months (December, August) They died in different years, 1875 compared to 1973. John Wilkes Booth, who assassinated Lincoln, was born in 1839. Lee Harvey Oswald, who assassinated Kennedy, was born in 1939. Both died in different years that are not numerically related: Booth 1865, Oswald 1964; After shooting the President, Booth stabbed Henry Rathbone. Oswald stabbed no one. Booth had four co-conspirators that were hanged. Oswald acted alone(?) Well, that's what the Warren Reports says! Or alternatively, Oswald was a CIA operative and Booth was not! Take your pick. Both assassins were known by their three names. Both names are composed of fifteen letters. Many infamous people are known by all three names and it's a popular media device to separate from others that may have common first and last names. Actually, Booth was know in the theater as J. Wilkes Booth. Most of our modern presidents (as well as other famous people) have gone by all three names: FDR, JFK, DDE, etc. Booth's name has three "O's" in it...Oswald's only one; Oswald's name had three "E's" in it...Booth's only one. You can make 15 different words out of the letters in Oswald's name and only eight out of Booth's. Just kidding; I really didn't try, but you get the point; but this is a "Non Sequitur"...it simply does not follow that this is, in any way, related to their historical significance. A little known fact this list doesn't mention: A month before the assassination, John Wilkes Booth had rested on the exact same bed the President died on. Now that's spooky! Lincoln was shot at the theater named '"Ford.' Kennedy was shot in a car called "Lincoln." Good Grief!! If Kennedy was riding in a General motors car something would have come up such as Lincoln was sitting with a general...which, I believe, he was. Lincoln's wife was sitting next to him where as a governor was by Kennedy and shot also. Lincoln was shot with a pistol, Kennedy with a high powered rifle. This would have been much closer if Lincoln had been riding in a carriage. Again, if this is suppose to have any sort of "profoundness" to it, why was Kennedy in Dallas and Lincoln in Washington...this isn't even close to any kind of connection. Booth ran from the theater and was caught in a warehouse. Oswald ran from a warehouse and was caught in a theater. Technically, Oswald was in a book depository, and Booth was caught in a barn. Booth jumped from the balcony, Oswald did not jump from the window. Booth broke his his left fibula from the jump, Oswald was arrested unharmed. Booth and his partner, David E. Herold were sleeping in a tobacco barn on a farm when they were found by the Union Calvary. > > Booth and Oswald were assassinated before their trials. Booth was not "assassinated." He was hunted down and shot by a Union soldier although they tried to take him alive, Booth was prepared to die telling the calvary, "I will never surrender!" Oswald was in custody when he was shot by a civilian, no less. No where is there any suggestion of a Jack Ruby type (names, dates, places, and etc) in the Booth story. A week before Lincoln was shot, he was in Monroe, Maryland. A week before Kennedy was shot, he was with Marilyn Monroe. This is the only one that makes sense, but certainly unprovable from the Kennedy side. Marilyn and Maryland are spelled differently. One is a state, the other a person. On the flip side, and more interestingly, who was Lincoln with in Monroe, Maryland, and where was Kennedy when he was "in" Marilyn Monroe? While searching for similarities in historical events, we really shouldn't forget that for every one we find there are numerous other dissimilar things and occurrences. To only mention the ones we find amusing, coincidental, or interesting, we are doing ourselves an injustice and using poor thinking skills, leading to false conclusions and wild assumptions. While it remains "interesting" to make certain comparisons, to believe stuff like this has any real substance, is mystical, uncanny, or evidence of a higher power is really nonsensical. To paraphrase Freud: Sometimes a coincidence is just a coincidence. Not Categorized.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11541
__label__cc	0.727372	0.272628	From Compton Johnson “I wish to confirm my strong objection to both this and the 'rival' attempt to build a rail freight terminal on a 'green field' site right between two villages. There are also other nearby villages which would be impacted. The fact is the existing facility, some 16 miles away, in Crick is still under utilised and capable of expansion on 'Brown field' land. The nearby M1 junctions (15/15a) are already heavily used and as local employment is extremely high staff would be travelling to site from afar adding to existing congestion and increasing pollution in the area. At the recent hearing, 19th December, QC's from the rival companies spent over an hour at the start of the meeting bickering amongst themselves. Totally unprofessional and an insult to the locals in attendance. ”	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11543
__label__cc	0.730066	0.269934	Wildlife crime – Hare coursing / poaching Hares are seen as an iconic species of the British countryside and are given priority status under the UK Biodiversity Plan; despite this, their populations are under threat… Hare numbers are thought to have declined by 80% since the late 19th century and they are a rarity to observe in many parts of the country. Hares have come under pressure due to habitat loss and fragmentation, and are the only game species in England, Wales and most parts of Europe not protected by a closed hunting season, meaning that hares can be shot throughout the year. Adding to this pressure is illegal wildlife crime in the form of hare coursing and poaching, which is the focus of this article. Coursing is the use of dogs, often ‘sighthounds’ such as lurcher, greyhound, saluki dogs or cross breeds of sighthounds (for speed) with bull terrier breeds (for stronger jaws). The perpetrators often travel long distances and across different counties, demonstrating a degree of organisation, planning and coordination; they target areas of arable land where populations of brown hare are found (and may also run dogs on deer), having no regard for wildlife, habitat or their own dogs. Hare coursing is a major priority of wildlife crime: in 2017, a single police force recorded more than 300 incidents of hare coursing in just one month, which is the equivalent of ten a day. Hare coursing has been illegal since 2005 and along with poaching, hares are protected by several different pieces of legislation: Game Act, 1831 (daytime poaching). Night Poaching Act, 1828 (night poaching). Hunting Act, 2004 (totally prohibits any forms of hare coursing). Perpetrators may also commit offences under the Animal Welfare Act, 2006 if a wild animal is caught and under their control e.g. a bagged rabbit used for ‘training’ dogs, or injuries or neglect of the dogs themselves. Typically, the punishment for those who are caught is a fine. As well as the animal welfare implications, hare coursers generate social and financial problems for landowners and communities. They trespass on foot and drive their (often 4×4 type) vehicles across arable land, which has been ‘drilled’ with various crops, or treated with soil treatments, resulting in an economic impact for farmers and rural businesses. Hare coursers will also intimidate and threaten the rural community if they are challenged whilst on private land or around farm tracks or country roads. They can return and purposefully cause criminal damage, including arson. The number of hare coursing incidents may decline in late spring to summer when crops are at their tallest, as the criminals cannot see the hares or run dogs through the crop due to a reduction in sight lines. Hare coursers will be out in the fields during the rest of summer, autumn, winter and into the spring. Because hares do not hide in burrows like rabbits, living above ground all year round, they will run and turn to avoid capture. In order to deter hare coursing, farmers are encouraged to ‘target harden’ their land to make it harder for these criminals to gain access. This can be achieved by digging trenches a metre deep and a metre wide, in addition to securing any access points. Offenders will bolt crop locks on gates, smash gates, lift them off the hinges, drive through gates, drive through gaps in hedgerows or right through new saplings. It is really important that every incident is reported to police if it is safe to do so (999 if in progress), make a note of registrations, descriptions, etc. This allows the police to target the hotspot areas, deploy resources and build up intelligence on who is doing what and the vehicles that they are using. Even if the farmer or landowner is too intimidated to give a statement to police, it still needs reporting. The bottom line is that if it hasn’t been reported to police, ‘it hasn’t happened’. There are other tactics the police are able to use without involving the victims, i.e. targeting the vehicle they are driving or other forms of ‘disruption’. Policing is all about intelligence – snippets of information from the public – for example, “a Blue Honda CRV seen to drive off at speed down a farm track at 10am on a Sunday, two males described as….”, the police may be getting other reports and by building up all of the information, they can identify offenders and target them. Police do not compromise a source – in other words, they sanitise their information on an intelligence log so the source is not identified. The Rural Crime Team has regular tactical meetings with other enforcement agencies and partners such as Housing, where they look at the offenders coming to notice and the victims they are targeting and look at all options to disrupt their criminality. Poaching was the highest rural crime type in Dorset in 2017, with over 200 incidents being reported. All new police officers get an input on such impactive crimes by the Rural Crime Team, explaining their powers and giving useful guidance. There is a specialist CPS Senior Prosecutor the police work closely with to maximise cases they can get to court and they will apply to the courts to have the offender disqualified from driving, any vehicle or equipment seized / destroyed and any dog re-homed. In December 2017 Dorset Police and many other police forces met at a one day seminar to share best tactics and discuss options in dealing with hare coursing, with partners such as the National Farmers Union. Hare coursing and other forms of poaching are part of the national priorities for police and partners in the UK – both in Wildlife Crime and in Rural Crime. See National Wildlife Crime Unit (NWCU) website for more details. Information provided by PC Claire Dinsdale, Rural Crime Team Coordinator for the Dorset Police Rural Crime Team. About the Author: Kate Priestman (CEnv, MCIEEM) has over sixteen years experience as an ecologist. Prior to setting up her own consultancy business in 2012, Kate worked in London for over a decade, providing the lead ecology role for a number of high profile projects. Kate works as an artist, author, writer and editor.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11544
__label__wiki	0.655164	0.655164	Kim Kardashian Inks Deal As New Face Of Israeli Eyewear Co., Triggers BDS Response by Whitney Webb10 months agono comment During their past trip to Israel in 2015, Kardashian and her husband, rapper Kanye West, were criticized along similar lines for acknowledging and decrying the Armenian genocide while ignoring the ongoing genocide of the Palestinian people. American reality-TV star and model Kim Kardashian finalized a deal on Wednesday to serve as the new “face” of the Israeli eyewear company Carolina Lemke as it seeks to enter the U.S. market. Negotiations for Kardashian to appear in an Israeli ad campaign with the company had been in the works for months. Nonetheless, the news that Kardashian had signed a deal with the company has sparked calls for a boycott of the model’s franchises in solidarity with the Palestinian rights movement Boycott, Divest, Sanctions (BDS). The BDS movement, a nonviolent movement targeting Israeli apartheid, has grown in visibility and influence in recent years, drawing the frequent ire of the Israeli government. Per the agreement, Kardashian will appear alongside Israeli supermodel Bar Refaeli, the current face and part-owner of the brand, in a series of advertisements to be shot in Israel sometime next year and will also be allowed to design her own limited-edition line of sunglasses. Kardashian will further participate in a promotional tour throughout Israel as part of the deal. In a press release, the company announced that it had sought out Kardashian because she is “the most famous woman in the United States,” an edge the company hopes will attract U.S. consumers. According to Carolina Lemke’s parent company, Castro, the glasses brand plans to invest between $20 to $30 million on a plan to enter the U.S. market. Kardashian’s upcoming visits to Israel to participate in the ad campaign will not be her first. In 2015 Kardashian — along with her husband, rapper Kanye West — visited Israel for a short sight-seeing trip during which their child, North West, was baptized. Notably, the cathedral where North West was baptized has been largely inaccessible to the vast majority of Palestinian Christians due to apartheid policies. In addition, earlier this year, Kardashian had hired Israeli model Yael Shebia for an advertising campaign for her make-up franchise. This, along with her past apparent favoritism of Israel over Palestine, suggests that Kardashian is unlikely to be swayed by calls to show solidarity with Palestinians by supporting BDS. However, news of Kardashian’s plans to join forces with Carolina Lemke sparked outrage on social media, particularly from BDS supporters and other critics of the Israeli government regarding its inhumane treatment of native Palestinians. Some of the criticisms levied against Kardashian for her decision to become the face of an Israeli brand led some to call for a boycott of all Kardashian-related franchises. Keeping Up With the Ethnic Cleansing https://t.co/TvegIKJCNo — 🌹✡️🇵🇸 A Frightful Hobgoblin is Haunting Europe (@Red_Pleb) September 12, 2018 Kim Kardashian signs deal to be the face of Israeli brand Carolina Lemke https://t.co/abE06olwyV — Haaretz.com (@haaretzcom) September 12, 2018 This is disgraceful. https://t.co/bft5pPeOh2 — Dustyyy🌸 (@dustyrosekossi) September 12, 2018 An obvious double-standard on oppression and genocide Others made the salient point that Kardashian, whose late father was of Armenian Christian heritage, should be ashamed of her decision, given that the State of Israel ethnically cleansed Armenian refugees that Palestine had accepted during and after the Armenian genocide in the early 20th century. The Armenian quarter in Jerusalem is currently occupied by Israel. Furthermore, the State of Israel continues to deny that the Armenian genocide ever took place, and Armenians living in occupied Jerusalem often complain of being treated like “third-class citizens.” but does she know that israel denies the armenian genocide? the kardashians are armenians, right? https://t.co/7Jwc1t6EFD — MassageNY (@mglongman) September 13, 2018 During their past trip to Israel in 2015, Kardashian and her husband had been criticized along similar lines for acknowledging and decrying the Armenian genocide while ignoring the ongoing genocide of the Palestinian people. Since 1948, Israel has expelled 90 percent of Palestinians from their land; and Israel has militarily occupied Palestine’s West Bank since 1967, while its decade-long blockade of Gaza has made normal life impossible in the enclave. Via MintPress News Whitney Webb Whitney Webb is a staff writer for MintPress News who has written for several news organizations in both English and Spanish; her stories have been featured on ZeroHedge, the Anti-Media, and 21st Century Wire among others. She currently lives in Southern Chile. Lavrov Says Russia To Keep Bombing Militant Targets In Syria’s Idlib Iranian Military Officials Discount The Possibility Of A U.S. Attack	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11553
__label__wiki	0.54825	0.54825	Blue Bell Ice Cream Recalls All Products Due to Possible Health Risks Blue Bell Ice Cream via Facebook Blue Bell Ice Cream announced this evening that it is voluntarily recalling all of its products due to a possible health risk in their line of ice cream.The recall affects ice cream products sold at retail outlets including supermarkets and restaurants in many states, including Texas, as well as international outlets due to the possibility of being contaminated with listeria monocytogenes. The company released the following statement this evening including a video message from the company president and CEO, Paul Kruse: Blue Bell Ice Cream of Brenham, Texas, is voluntarily recalling all of its products currently on the market made at all of its facilities including ice cream, frozen yogurt, sherbet and frozen snacks because they have the potential to be contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes, an organism which can cause serious and sometimes fatal infections in young children, frail or elderly people, and others with weakened immune systems. Although healthy individuals may suffer only short-term symptoms such as high fever, severe headaches, stiffness, nausea, abdominal pain and diarrhea, Listeria infection can cause miscarriages and stillbirths among pregnant women. “We’re committed to doing the 100 percent right thing, and the best way to do that is to take all of our products off the market until we can be confident that they are all safe,” said Paul Kruse, Blue Bell CEO and president. “We are heartbroken about this situation and apologize to all of our loyal Blue Bell fans and customers. Our entire history has been about making the very best and highest quality ice cream and we intend to fix this problem. We want enjoying our ice cream to be a source of joy and pleasure, never a cause for concern, so we are committed to getting this right.” The products being recalled are distributed to retail outlets, including food service accounts, convenience stores and supermarkets in Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Wyoming and international locations. Today’s decision was the result of findings from an enhanced sampling program initiated by Blue Bell which revealed that Chocolate Chip Cookie Dough Ice Cream half gallons produced on March 17, 2015, and March 27, 2015, contained the bacteria. This means Blue Bell has now had several positive tests for Listeria in different places and plants and as previously reported five patients were treated in Kansas and three in Texas after testing positive for Listeria monocytogenes. “At every step, we have made decisions in the best interest of our customers based on the evidence we had available at the time,” Kruse said. “At this point, we cannot say with certainty how Listeria was introduced to our facilities and so we have taken this unprecedented step. We continue to work with our team of experts to eliminate this problem.” Blue Bell is implementing a procedure called “test and hold” for all products made at all of its manufacturing facilities. This means that all products will be tested first and held for release to the market only after the tests show they are safe. The Broken Arrow facility will remain closed as Blue Bell continues to investigate. In addition to the “test and hold” system, Blue Bell is implementing additional safety procedures and testing including: - Expanding our already robust system of daily cleaning and sanitizing of equipment - Expanding our system of swabbing and testing our plant environment by 800 percent to include more surfaces - Sending samples daily to a leading microbiology laboratory for testing - Providing additional employee training Blue Bell expects to resume distribution soon on a limited basis once it is confident in the safety of its product. Consumers who have purchased these items are urged to return them to the place of purchase for a full refund. For more information consumers with questions may call 1-866-608-3940 Monday – Friday 8 a.m. – 8 p.m., Saturday 10 a.m. – 2 p.m. CST or go to bluebell.com. Blue Bell CEO and president Paul Kruse released the following video message on the recall. Filed Under: ice cream Categories: East Texas News, Health, News	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11565
__label__cc	0.652345	0.347655	The Sunday Times Magazine: Psychics Play mystic for me Is there anybody out there? Yes, swarms of trainee psychics. Katie Glass finds out how to get in touch with the other side Katie Glass Published: 18 March 2012 Katie Glass summons up her psychic powers (Muir Vidler) Iam sitting in front of a woman I’ll call Avril and I am about to read her mind. In Stansted, the least mystical place in the world, I am training to become a professional psychic. I know what you’re thinking — I would, that’s part of the course… These days being a psychic, or medium, as they are more accurately called, is a gift in more ways than one. Psychics are building business empires from speaking to the dead. Glossy psychic magazines sell at £3 a pop. There are psychic shows on prime-time television, dedicated psychic satellite channels, psychic cruises, psychic hotlines (£2.50 a minute). Psychic celebrities such as Sally Morgan, Colin Fry, Derek Acorah and TJ Higgs sell out 1,000-plus seater venues for £30 a head, 40-plus nights a year. I fancy being supernaturally rich, so I’ve decided to learn how to become a psychic, too. The Arthur Findlay College — “the World’s Foremost College for the Advancement of Spiritualism and Psychic Sciences”, run by the Spiritualists’ National Union — claims to be able to teach psychic skills to anybody. “It’s like playing football: anyone can learn to kick a ball, but not everyone’s very good.” Since psychics went celebrity, AFC’s headmaster, Andrew Hadley, has seen growing demand for his courses. And new branches have opened in Stafford and Edinburgh. I enrol on the Professional Mediumship Course, £440 for a week. They run week in, week out. It’s night-time when I arrive at a towering Hogwarts-like mansion, situated in a field with orange Easyjet flights growling overhead. Inside it’s a spooky boutique hotel, a warren of dark wood panelling, chintz wallpaper, creepy portraits and school rules such as: “Do not take the College cats into your bedroom. The cats are not pets, but valuable members of College Staff.” The next day, in the Sanctuary, a stone chapel with stained-glass windows, we gather in a semi-circle of peach velvet chairs. My fellow trainees look pretty normal, bar the odd chakra necklace. Our teacher, Simone Key, has thick eyeliner and Goth-red hair. A poster behind her crashes off the wall. “Ooooh!” my group delights in unison. Simone, who has taught at AFC for two decades, rolls her eyes: “I think the spirit can do better than that.” The 15 in my group have some psychic experience, ranging from “wildly inconsistent” to “usually understood”. Some get feelings, some smells, some images — you don’t get ghosts materialising in front of you unless you’re really good. They include a Red Cross employee, a housewife from Glasgow, a retired American man, a secretary, a psychotherapist and a person who runs a hippie shop. Everyone hopes that this course will turn them pro. For our first lesson we’re going to read each others’ minds. My partner, Avril, is a woman in her thirties with straight dark hair, a no-nonsense manner and maths-teacher clothes. She sits down in front of me and looks into my soul. None of the students knows I’m a journalist (although I am wearing glasses and making notes). Avril tells me she sees writing and that I am someone who weighs up the pros and cons. “And I’m getting a name: Iain Banks.” She’s good! He’s one of my favourite authors. Next it’s my turn to read. Simone tells me to “direct my energy forward” using my psychic power. “Just say the first thing you think of,” she chuckles, “At first it might feel as if you’re making it up!” I try to tap into Avril’s energy. But I can’t. Instead, I take in her mumsy manner and guess: “Children,” I say. “No,” says Avril, “although I want some.” “That’s probably why you’re getting that,” encourages Simone, asking me to describe Avril’s house. I close my eyes and see nothing. Again I guess: “It’s quiet, smart, organised, with a straight-back chair.” “Yes!” says Avril. “What’s the carpet like?” prompts Simone. “Thick or thin?” “It’s different in different places,” I shrug. “You’re right,” says Avril, “and do you know, that’s something that’s really been bothering me!” Perhaps I have the gift, after all. At lunch I’m sandwiched between the psychotherapist and a girl with a haunted expression; she’s spoken to spirits since she was young. “I never wanted to do this but things just keep coming to me,” she mutters. “Oh! Did you feel the table just move?” “Sorry,” says the woman opposite, “that was me.” I tell her: ‘I’m getting sand.’ She jumps up: ‘That’s the colour I carpeted my hall!’ We take a lesson in reading each other’s auras. Magenta means creativity, blue means truth, red means confidence, silver means money. I tell the handsome retired American he’s royal blue because he is wise and a knowledge seeker. He says I am orange, and about to start a relationship with an older man. I tell a woman wearing pink cashmere that she likes to express her feeling in clothes. I tell a girl in yellow, “You prefer to be in the sunshine.” I tell a middle-aged woman: “I’m getting sand.” She jumps up: “That’s the colour I just carpeted my hall.” Simone is pleased with my progress. “I think you’re very clairsentient,” she says, meaning I’m in touch with people’s energy. The next day Simone encourages me to use my newly discovered psychic aptitude. Instead, I get by with a mix of clues, clichés and pot shots, like playing psychic battleships. I tell a woman who is wearing her wedding ring on her right hand that I can see trouble in her relationship. She admits that she and her husband might be about to split up. I tell an overconfident woman she has secret insecurities. She quietly nods. I tell the psychologist — for no reason at all — I see travel, trees and her work taking her abroad. Oddly, it turns out she is about to relocate to a jungle for work. Then it’s time to speak to the dead. Simone advises me to “take my energy to the back of my head”. “At first it will be like feeling into fog, but it will become clearer,” she soothes. The modus operandi for mediums is to make psychic contact with their sitter, then use that as a springboard into the spirit world, where someone deceased will be waiting to chat. I’m ready to give it a go. Stella Upton, our quirky middle-aged teacher whose favourite film is Ghost — “although there’s a lot of misconceptions in it” — pairs me with Robert, the retired American. Stella prompts: “What do you see, a man or a woman?” I look into Robert’s eager blue eyes. “A man.” “A family member?” Stella encourages. “Yes,” I say, adding randomly, “an uncle.” “I think a dad,” Stella decides. “It’s my dad!” says Robert, excited. “How did he die?” Stella asks me. “Um, a heart attack,” I say. “No,” Robert shakes his head, “but he had a tooth problem that went to his heart.” “So,” snaps Stella, “it was his heart in the end.” She asks what Robert’s dad is like. I don’t like to admit that I’m making this up. “Kind? Emotional? Social? Creative?” Stella looks pleased with me, as does Robert, who’s thrilled to hear from his dad. “You’re going to go back to your room,” grins Stella, “and wonder where that came from.” I go back to my room and wonder how people believe this ghost nonsense. I go to bed. And leave the light on. After several days of reading my fellow psychics’ minds and talking to their dead relatives, I come to know them well. I discover that, on the whole, they’re not callous frauds. They’re kind, open-minded and funny. “Can you move off the old dead lady,” one teases as I walk down the hall. They all believe in their gift. “I used to be sceptical,” says a soft-faced Glasgow mother, “but I’ve always had these feelings. I ignored them for a long time. Now I want to learn to use them to help other people.” They’ve all experienced a lot of death. Andrew Hadley, the headmaster, discovered mediums at the age of 26, when he lost his father, sister and nephew in the space of six weeks. Seeing a medium “was joyous”, he says. “I’d blamed myself for my father’s death. To have him say, ‘Don’t worry, son, the heart attack was coming — there was nothing you could do’ was a release.” http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/Magazine/Features/article992623.ece This entry was posted in Features on June 20, 2012 by 00katieglass00. ← The Sunday Times Magazine: Tanning and Whitening The Sunday Times Magazine: Cruise → 15 thoughts on “The Sunday Times Magazine: Psychics” Ancyouthleague.org January 31, 2014 at 12:31 pm plan cul February 1, 2014 at 6:50 am Great information. Lucky me I came across your site by accident (stumbleupon). Quality content is the main to be a focus for the users to visit the web page, that’s what this web page is providing. Matthew February 2, 2014 at 3:40 am I know this website presents quality dependent content and other material, is there any other website which presents these kinds of things in quality? I every time spent my half an hour to read this blog’s articles daily along with a mug of coffee. 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__label__cc	0.657549	0.342451	KENDAL UNITARIAN CHAPEL Nurturing Faith ~ Embracing Life ~ Celebrating Difference Ceremonies for Children KUmen Singing Group Alternative Perspectives The Schoolroom is a hall attached to the Chapel. It was built in 1882 and, with its domed ceiling set with coloured glass and its ornate cornice decorated with tall flowers and foliage, it is a beautiful place in which to hold events. It measures 22 feet by 46 feet, with a stage at one end and seats up to about 70 people. It is available for hire by social, spiritual and educational groups who are in sympathy with the ethos of the Chapel as well as by individuals. There is also a small meeting room suitable for use by 8-10 people. Hall Hire Policy The premises are available for hire by local charities, community groups and local faith groups, who must broadly support the Unitarian values of equality, tolerance and social justice. Hall use is in line with Chapel policies and at the discretion of the Trustees. They do not accept bookings from purely commercial organisations or for party political meetings. The hall including the kitchen is also available for private functions, such as wedding receptions and funeral gatherings. However, there are separate arrangements and fees for wedding receptions. All hall users are asked to comply with the Chapel’s terms and conditions of use, which mainly deal with health and safety issues, and to sign an indemnity form for insurance purposes. Please note that external groups use the facilities, including the kitchen, at their own risk and the organisers are responsible for the safety of their participants/guests. It is suggested that groups consider taking out their own insurance and produce their own risk assessments and safeguarding policies. For the Schoolroom: £30.00 for 3 hours £50 one-off evening events (must vacate by 9.30pm) £60.00 all day £150 wedding receptions For the Small Meeting Room: This room can hold 8-10 people. Payment by cash or cheque made out to Kendal Unitarian Chapel. Enquiries are welcome, and you are free to look round the premises. To arrange, and check availability, contact chapel treasurer, John Campbell at ajlcampbell@yahoo.com / 07812108875 There is disabled access and toilet (which also has baby-changing facilities). There is a loop system and free wifi. There is no car park. There is a small domestic kitchen to use, and outside caterers are also welcome. The chapel does not have a licence to sell alcohol, but alcohol may be consumed at private events. Kendal Unitarian Chapel, Branthwaite Brow, off Market Place Kendal, LA9 4TN, Cumbria Kendal Unitarian Chapel is a registered charity Artwork by John Pickering National UK Unitarian website Unitarian Universalist Association of Congregations A Faith Worth Thinking About	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11570
__label__cc	0.590315	0.409685	Sterile Processing Tech III - Per Diem- Day Shift Temporary/Per diem Cedars-Sinai is one of the largest nonprofit academic medical centers in the U.S. with 886 licensed beds, 2,100 physicians, 3,000 nurses and thousands of other healthcare professionals and staff. Clinical programs range from primary care for preventing, diagnosing and treating common conditions to specialized treatments for rare, complex and advanced illnesses. In addition, Cedars-Sinai serves the community through its Medical Network, which includes the highly rated Cedars-Sinai Medical Group and Cedars-Sinai Health Associates. As a per diem Sterile Processing Technician III at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, you will help assist for decontamination and assembly of equipment, instruments, and sterilization of supplies following established assembling, wrapping, sterilizing and documenting procedures. Works closely with user departments for supplies and equipment and maintains established inventory levels of sterile instrumentation/supplies. Inspects and identifies instruments needing repair by following established repair procedures. Takes an active role in quality control/assurance, team leader and staff training. Assists and participates in process improvement initiatives. Performs related duties as required. Performs all Sterile Processing functions and assorted support duties in decontamination areas and clean assembly areas in a safe and technical manner consistent with department, as well as CSHS policies and procedures. This may include assignment to OR areas under the guidance of a Sterile Processing Supervisor. Inspects and assembles instrument trays, using content lists and Manufactures Instruction for Use (IFU) document as a guide and readiness for sterilization Sterilizes hospital instruments, utensils, linen and supplies using high temperature, low temperature and high-level disinfection according to established procedures and following regulatory requirements. Dispenses requested sterile and clean supplies/equipment. Assigns priority to emergency requests and issues. Discusses challenges and issues with Supervisor for resolution. Disassembles and cleans instrumentation and equipment. Reassembles instrumentation and tests for proper functioning. Tags any instrumentation needing repair for the Instrument Facilitator and Repair Technicians or Clinical Engineering. Wears personal protective gear when washing and disinfecting equipment and instruments. Performs required tests to monitor the efficiency of the sterilizing process and maintains accurate daily sterilization records and biological monitoring records according to protocol. Delivers missing instruments or pickups and/or replaces malfunctioning or damaged instruments as needed from applicable OR units as assigned. Submits incomplete instrument list if replacement instruments are needed, missing from tray or damaged. Utilizes computerized instrument tracking and manufacture's IFU's. Containerizes or wraps all trays using proper protocols and procedures. Participates in Sterile Processing supply inventory, instrument inventory for main campus, satellite and mobile units. Responsible for back-up and peel and pack inventory and replenishment as assigned. Orders supplies for instrument processing according to established procedures. Acts as troubleshooter for situations involving instrumentation and sterilization. Maintains assigned work area in a clean and organized condition to maintain required standards for handling sterilized and clean materials and to maintain a safe work environment. Technical competency in Sterile Processing procedures and instruments for General surgery, GYN, ENT and plastics and four (4) Additional Operational Services two (2) of which must be a high volume/complex operational services. About Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Providing healthcare for more than 100 years, Cedars-Sinai has evolved into one of the most dynamic and highly renowned medical centers in the world. Along with caring for patients, Cedars-Sinai is a hub for biomedical research and a training center for future physicians and other healthcare professionals. This attracts exceptional talent to Cedars-Sinai, including world-renowned physician-scientists who seek a place where they can both conduct research and see patients--the ideal formula for discovery and its translation into cures. Our patients benefit from access to doctors at the top of their fields, and our researchers have an ideal community in which to study the impact of healthcare challenges, and reflect that knowledge in their research. The greater Los Angeles area in which Cedars-Sinai resides possesses unparalleled cultural and ethnic diversity which offers outstanding opportunities for translational and clinical research... and a dynamic environment for medical education.Although community based, Cedars-Sinai is a major teaching hospital affiliated with the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Cedars-Sinai has highly competitive graduate medical education programs in more than 50 specialty and subspecialty areas, a graduate program in biomedical sciences and translational medicine, a clinical scholars program directed towards junior physicians with aspirations to become clinical scientists, and post graduate training opportunities.There are more than 250 full-time faculty members at Cedars-Sinai. The voluntary medical staff, comprised of more than 2,200 specialty board-certified or board-qualified physicians, represent all of the specialties and subspecialties and collaborate with full-time medical staff in the teaching responsibilities of the graduate medical education programs.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11573
__label__wiki	0.599104	0.599104	Audubon Bowen Octavo Pl. 19, Soft haired Squirrel https://joel-oppenheimer-inc.odoo.com/shop/product/oeoq-019-audubon-bowen-octavo-pl-19-soft-haired-squirrel-2672 $ 300.00 $ 300.00 300.0 USD Published by Oppenheimer Editions, 2013 3/4" gold metal leaf frame, Limited edition of 500 10 5/8" x 7 1/8" (print size) Oppenheimer Editions Print 7 1/8" x 10 5/8" (print size) 3/4" gold metal leaf frame with archival rag mat and UV resistant glazing (12 1/2" x 15 1/2" frame size) Blind embossed with the Oppenheimer Editions logo The Quadrupeds of North America, The Royal Octavo Edition—Published by Oppenheimer Editions John James Audubon’s last major accomplishment was the creation of The Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America which was produced in collaboration with his friend, the Reverend John Bachman (1790—1874), a Lutheran minister and naturalist, who wrote the accompanying text. In the summer of 1843, John James Audubon embarked with his son, John Woodhouse, on a final drawing expedition up the Missouri River to document and depict the four-legged mammals of North America. To make The Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America more affordable and widely available, the octavo edition, a smaller version of the folio, was first published between 1849 and 1854. Printed by the distinguished Philadelphia print maker, John T. Bowen, the set of 150 black-and-white lithographs was completely hand-colored. Lithography proved an excellent medium for depicting the tactile realism of the mammals’ fur. These miniatures exhibit a remarkable amount of attention to quality and detail, as well as a meticulous fidelity to the larger works. Some compositional changes were made in order to accommodate the smaller format. These prints also bear the plate number in the upper right-hand corner and the subscription number in the upper left. Many of the mammals were drawn by John Woodhouse Audubon with backgrounds contributed by Victor Gifford Audubon. John James Audubon explored the American backwoods and wilderness to discover, record, and illustrate its avian life. America’s most revered artist-naturalist, John James Audubon (1785—1851), is renowned for his extraordinary undertaking to record the birds of America. The images he created are icons of 19th-century art. The images he created are icons of 19th-century art. Fascinated by nature since childhood, it was not until 1819, when he was the father of two sons, that John James Audubon fully embraced the life of an artist-naturalist. In 1820, John James Audubon left his family in Cincinnati, embarking with a young apprentice, Joseph R. Mason. Mason worked with John James Audubon from 1820 until 1822, contributing mostly botanical elements to about 55 of John James Audubon’s paintings. Later, the artists George Lehman, Maria Martin, and his sons Victor Gifford Audubon and John Woodhouse Audubon assisted John James Audubon with botanical and landscape backgrounds. Though the first edition remains the most desirable, several octavo editions of both the The Birds of America and The Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America were produced. In 1856, a second edition of the Birds was published by John James Audubon’s son, Victor Gifford. The octavo edition of The Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America was first published between 1849 and 1854. Established in 1999, Oppenheimer Editions has partnered with prestigious museums to make prints from their holdings. Works from the New-York Historical Society’s unrivaled collections of John James Audubon’s watercolors and the Hudson River School paintings are examples of art that otherwise would be unobtainable. Among the institutional collections we have partnered with are the American Museum of Natural History, the Field Museum, and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. These are not mere reproductions. They are limited-edition fine art prints made with the finest quality archival pigments on rag watercolor paper and executed to exacting standards. Click here for more Audubon prints from The Quadrupeds of North America, The Royal Octavo Edition published by Oppenheimer Editions Specifications for Audubon Bowen Octavo Pl. 19, Soft haired Squirrel Type of Artwork Oppenheimer Editions Print	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11575
__label__cc	0.537867	0.462133	Criminal law, Religion, Society August 17, 2018 August 17, 2018 “Evil Is A Make-Believe Concept”: American Couple Is Murdered By ISIS While Cycling Through Tajikistan Jay Austin and Lauren Geoghegan quit their jobs in Washington, D.C. to experience the world in their late 20s. Austin wrote on the trip how he had found great decency everywhere they had gone. He wrote: “Evil is a make-believe concept we’ve invented to deal with the complexities of fellow humans holding values and beliefs and perspectives different than our own… By and large, humans are kind. Self-interested sometimes, myopic sometimes, but kind. Generous and wonderful and kind.” That inspiring world adventure came to the end in Tajikistan when they and two other cyclists were hit by a car filled with ISIS fighters who jumped and stabbed them to death as “nonbelievers.” Austin worked at the Department of Housing and Urban Development while Geoghegan worked at Georgetown’s Admissions office. They both felt that life was passing them by — a point Austin wrote about on his blog: “I’ve grown tired of meetings, of teleconferences, of timesheets and password changes and Monday morning elevator commiseration. I’ve grown tired of spending the best hours of my day in front of a glowing rectangle, of coloring the best years of my life in swaths of grey and beige. I’ve missed too many sunsets while my back was turned. Too many thunderstorms went unwatched, too many gentle breezes unnoticed. There’s magic out there, in this great big beautiful world, and I’ve long since scooped up the last of the scraps to be found in my cubicle. I know there’s another way to live. I’ve dabbled in it. But now it’s time to commit. To go all-in. I’m thankful for this privilege. The privilege to commit. The privilege to walk away from a well-paying life of comfort. To charge headlong into indulgence, rough but ultimately temporary.” Much has been made about Austin’s writing the following: “You watch the news and you read the papers and you’re led to believe that the world is a big, scary place. People, the narrative goes, are not to be trusted. People are bad. People are evil. People are axe murderers and monsters and worse. I don’t buy it. Evil is a make-believe concept we’ve invented to deal with the complexities of fellow humans holding values and beliefs and perspectives different than our own — it’s easier to dismiss an opinion as abhorrent than strive to understand it. Badness exists, sure, but even that’s quite rare. By and large, humans are kind. Self-interested sometimes, myopic sometimes, but kind. Generous and wonderful and kind. No greater revelation has come from our journey than this.” However, this passage was written in the context of the couple staying as guests with a family in Morocco. Moreover, there was not a travel advisory on this country until after this heinous crime. According to Snopes, when they set out, the U.S. State Department listed the country as a relatively low-risk destination for American travelers, giving it a Level 1 “travel advisory” o “exercise normal precautions.” On terrorism, people were advised: While terrorist organizations are known to have a presence in the region, terrorist attacks have been infrequent in recent years and focused on local government targets, such as law enforcement and security services. After the attack, it was upgraded to Level 2 for travellers to “exercise increased caution.” Whatever their view of evil, they found it along that road when they were savagely murdered with two other cyclists, one from Switzerland and the other from the Netherlands. ISIS celebrated the murders as the killing of “disbelievers.” Of course, the cyclists were the believers. They believed in humanity and decency, but found men who believe that God loves those who torture and murder others. Trump Revokes Clearance Of John Brennan and Orders Review Of Other Former Officials The False Friend Dilemma: Why Trump Has Few Options In Dealing With Omarosa 171 thoughts on ““Evil Is A Make-Believe Concept”: American Couple Is Murdered By ISIS While Cycling Through Tajikistan” Paramedic Heretic says: “Evil is a make-believe concept we’ve invented to deal with the complexities of fellow humans holding values and beliefs and perspectives different than our own.” Now there’s a seriously ironic epitaph. These poor fools need not have trekked all the way to Tajikistan to correct their myopic view of their fellow primates. As I’ve mentioned in previous years, spending a 24-hour ride-along shift with a team of inner city Paramedics, would have exposed them to all the evil they’d ever need. And at the end of their educational shift, they could have gone home. Pity. ti317 says: If you’re going to be dumd, you better be tough! Robert Ferguson says: It’s sad. Not only that they were killed, but that they were naive enough to take the chance. Mr Kurtz says: https://theintercept.com/2018/08/17/julia-salazar-sex-workers-rights/ Spiked says: what’s evil is that our voting systems are hackable (unreliable) – why don’t we have paper ballots with receipts?? Shillary Clinton is Evil This is evil – aiding and abetting our cruel allies as they kill innocents — the vast majority of Americans do not support this! US Provided “Intelligence” And Bomb Used In Massacre Of Yemeni Schoolchildren The involvement of U.S. military intelligence in “fine-tuning” the targets of coalition airstrikes is likely the main factor explaining why the U.S. government has refused to condemn the strike and has refused to support an independent investigation into the atrocity. SANA’A, YEMEN — Last Thursday’s horrific bombing of a bus full of school children in northern Yemen was carried out using a weapon sold to the Saudi Arabia-led coalition by the United States, photo evidence of the bomb site has revealed. The photos taken at the scene by Ahmed AbdulKareem for MintPress News and by other local journalists indicate that a Mark 82 (MK-82) bomb, jointly manufactured by U.S. weapons companies Lockheed Martin and General Dynamics, had been used in the attack. The attack killed at least 50 and wounded over 60 others, the vast majority of whom were young children. Despite the fact that those targeted were civilians and mostly children, the Saudi-led coalition defended the strike, calling it a “legitimate military operation.” MK-82 bombs, along with other “general purpose” MK series bombs, have been sold to the Saudi-led coalition by the U.S. through a series of contracts made in 2016 and 2017. In addition to last Thursday’s atrocity, the Saudi-led coalition has used the MK-82 bombs to target Yemeni civilians in the past, such as the coalition’s bombing of a funeral in 2016 that left over 140 dead and 525 wounded.” http://www.thelastamericanvagabond.com/top-news/us-provided-intelligence-bomb-used-massacre-yemeni-schoolchildren/ Squeeky Fromm, Girl Reporter says: I can’t get too worked up about it: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Ansarullah_Flag_Vector.svg/250px-Ansarullah_Flag_Vector.svg.png Flag and slogan Main article: Flag of Houthis The group’s flag reads as following: “The God Is Great, Death to America, Death to Israel, Curse on the Jews, Victory to Islam”.[85] This motto is partially modelled on the motto of revolutionary Iran, which reads “Death to U.S. and death to Israel”.[86] Some Houthi supporters stress that their ire for the U.S. and Israel is directed toward the governments of America and Israel. Ali al-Bukhayti, the spokesperson and official media face of the Houthis, tried to reject the literal interpretation of the slogan by stating that in one of his interview “We do not really want death to anyone. The slogan is simply against the interference of those governments [i.e. U.S. and Israel]”.[36] However, in the Arabic Houthi-affiliated TV and radio stations they use religious connotations associated with jihad against Israel and the US.[35] They also call Saudi Arabia a U.S. puppet state.[87] From wiki. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthi_movement Squeeky Fromm Girl Reporter Well, SA is a US puppet state so they got that right. Quit supplying weapons – let the Middle East work it out. We have enough to do here – crumbling infrastructure anyone? Why are we feeding the MIC? Teaching Spastics to Dance says: What puppet state? he sure didnt mean the RSA. i took that to mean SA. It is not a puppet state, even if it does receive gobs of military and intelligence support from the USA. I think in our lifetimes we will see the Saudi regime collapse. I would hate to be president wen that happens! there will be a pickle. i am a big critic of the MIC but you have to always ask “what is the alternative” in many cases de-escalating conflicts is possible in some cases it is not. can we de-escalate from the troublemaking strategy of Shiite versus sunni? or is that just a geopolitical reflection of the proximity of Iran to Russia? or is that an oversimplification of how the US has been operating in the post 911 middle east? remember we took down the religiously tolerant regime of Saddam Hussein and installed a more religionist democratic majority Shiite government in Iraq. they got closer to Iran but they are not whole hog with them to the extent that Syria may be. Or so it seems. I am not well informed but it seems they maintain a certain distance. So it’s not entirely clear what is happening at any given place and time. And in some cases things will be a mess no matter what and the biggest financial and military empire in history will not advance its own strategic interests without having at least backing somebody. and they are good at throwing people overboard when they are done using them, that’s a government speciality. Keep an eye on Afghanistan, we may throw the Kabul regime under the bus in a peace deal with Taliban, before long. so don’t worry too much at least not over the weekend. LOLZ You’re not going to make warfare free of unintended casualties. This is an interesting article about how Americans die overseas, how many and the causes: http://time.com/4250811/travel-safety/ Here are some more people, out hiking where common sense should have kept them from being, and who were probably too naive: “Neta Sorek (Hebrew: נטע שורק‎), aged 53, grew up in Israel at Kibbutz Afikim. She later moved to Sweden and then to the United States, but after two decades abroad, she returned to Israel, married and had a daughter. She had worked as an English teacher in Zikhron Ya’akov for 13 years and was member of the feminist group Women for Peace, participating in joint Arab-Jewish projects. Her family said she believed in co-existence; she studied Arabic and met with Arab women from villages in northern Israel. In love with nature, she regularly walked outdoors.[3][4] On the day of the attack Sorek was on a vacation in small guest house located near the Beit Jimal Monastery. Shortly after she reached the site she headed out for a walk around the monastery, where she was murdered. Luken, aged 46, was an American citizen and a member of the Church’s Ministry among Jewish people (CMJ), a Christian group based in the United States and the UK. She was born in Texas and lived for many years in Virginia while working for the US Department of Education before leaving to work for CMJ. She had recently moved to Nottingham, England, where she worked as a ministry staffer. She had first visited in Israel in 2007 as part of a Christian pilgrimage to holy sites and she described the tour as furthering her religious understanding and deepening her relationship with God. Luken met Kay Wilson, a British-born Israeli citizen, in August 2010 on a trip to Poland where Kay was guiding. They visited death camps and Jewish community centers. They became friends and Luken, a keen hiker, and Wilson, a professional Israeli tour guide, decided to go hiking together in Israel during the Christmas holiday.[6][7][8][9][10] On Saturday afternoon, 18 December 2010, Luken and Wilson were hiking in the Mata forest, near the town of Beit Shemesh, west of Jerusalem. They noticed two Arab men, Aiad Fatfata and Kifah Ghanimat, approaching them and were suspicious of their intentions. The men attacked them armed with a long serrated knife. The women attempted to fight back, Wilson managing to stab an attacker with a pocketknife, before they were subdued. The men stole their money and removed Wilson’s necklace. Wilson recalled: “I didn’t understand whether they wanted to rape us or mug us. (Long story short, the Muslims killed Luken)” IIRC, two other hikers were killed in the last few years around Israel somewhere. This is where some Situational Awareness might have saved these people. And some awareness that evil is not make-believe. Yup, situational awareness might have made a difference for those folks. Unfortunately, the people on the USS Liberty, who were attacked by the Israelis illegally in international waters, never had a chance despite being “situationally aware” because their communications were jammed and they were sucker bombed. 34 dead, 171 wounded only by luck able to save the ship and the survivors. Zionism is evil and it kills – even its “allies” “Zionism is evil ” Sounds similar to antisemitism especially since about 75% of those that use the word Zionism in this fashion are antisemites. , Spiked. Maybe you are a rebirth of an earlier one on the blog. That would make you choose one version of the Liberty story and say what you did. Suffice it to say the incident occurred during the middle of a major war where Israel could have been totally destroyed and ceased to exist. That probably would have satisfied all your wants. What is a mystery is why the ship was in the spot it was, its nature, communication problems, speeds etc. all of which make it impossible to understand what really happened. The ten US commission studies all concluded no maliciousness with different reports adding mistaken identity and US communications difficulties. Friendly fire deaths occur in wartime and the Liberty entered an area of war. Both nations settled the dispute between them. i had a buddy who spent a year or so bumming around Kathmandu in Nepal smoking pot. Or so he claimed. At first blush that would seem to be a less healthy choice than taking a bike ride in the mountains but life confounds many expectations. That keeps it interesting, at least. i am so ignorant that I thought Dushanbe was in Africa somewhere, I would have guessed Zaire. In fact, it’s in Tajikistan. It’s the kind of place that the odious “Borat” was making fun of with that character. Probably an overall decent place to live for Tajiks based on what i read. The fact these idealistic liberals sought adventure there and found it, to their demise, is probably more proof of the existence of irony, than evil. “As flies to wanton boys are we to th’ gods, They kill us for their sport.” King Lear Act 4, scene 1, 32–37 Darren Smith says: Michael Aarethun says: Somewhere in that area Perhaps one small country over to the east is a lake that is crystal clear. Floating on it gives the impression one is float in mid air. Like the anchorage at Bequia but ten fold. Near as I can find that is the one vista reason to visit the area. Perhaps in Kyrgistan. So to find that lake fly in to one of the adjoining countries, get as 4WD and a guide provided by the current equivalent of Intouist…Might be Iskandkul but I am not sure. Named for Alexander and kul is turkic for lake. It now has tourist lodging. And a little baksheesh goes a long ways. Very sad fate for these people. They might have done some research though before venturing into a “Stan” – probably would have been fine in an urban setting. Overall I say kudos to them for unshackling themselves from jobs they found dreary and following their dream of seeing the world while still young. The people not doing minimal research are on this comment board. Again, it’s not a peculiarly unsafe place. Dagestan has more champion wrestlers in one village than entire nations. I don’t know about a lot of other stans but that’s one stan that stands tall, high up in the Caucausus Overall, kudos? They’re dead. Overall, it was a fatal error. The story here is very clear: insanely naive lefties take a leisurely bike ride through jihadi land and get slaughtered in short order by jihadis. The story is clear, just not the story you are peddling. You all persist in imposing a false narrative. It’s a country with a low murder rate. It isn’t a country where ISIS has been active. They weren’t anywhere near any portion of the country where politico-military trouble has been a problem in the last decade. Taking a bike ride through a country that is 95% muslim and next door to Afghanistan while carrying a flag saying “we’re defenseless Westerners” is to run a very real risk. These bikers laughed off those risks and the irony was deadly. we have a warped view of what is “islam” for most of the world due to the deceptive, lying mass media and the general lack of education. islam in this former Soviet republic was and is of the tepid, non-fanatical variety. you guys may not like wiki but it’s a decent starting place as any for information on this venue The religion of piece: “They leave a piece of you here, a piece of you there.” Mohammed was a warlord,paedophile, rapist, and murderer. It’s you who needs to learn history. No, they don’t. Some Muslim countries suffer political violence, some do not. This one does not. How do you know this??? Are you an expert on Statistical Reports from “stan” countries??? Maybe there is a dearth of murders of Westerners, because not many Westerners go there. Or, the ones who go there, stay in the downtown touristy areas. Or, maybe the authorities do not accurately report the crime rate so that tourists will go there. I find you place way too much emphasis on statistics, and not enough on common sense sometimes. To me, I just ain’t going to a Muslim country and then toodle thru the mountains on a bicycle because it seems like asking for trouble. I wouldn’t even do that in the United States, without carrying at least one sidearm, and a couple of knives. And then I still wouldn’t. Unless I was with a crowd of like minded, well-armed people. I don’t even walk around town without a gun, and often with my hand on the gun inside my purse. It’s called Situational Awareness. Because I don’t think evil is make believe. I find you place way too much emphasis on statistics, THat’s because you’re innumerate and don’t understand them. No, there’s just one of me. And I am still alive because I prefer Common Sense to Statistics. Statistically, I would be just fine filling up my car late at night at a service station in a predominantly black area. 99%+ of all people who do that make it out alive. BUT, I ain’t going to do it. Liberty2nd says: Four legs good! Two legs Baaaaad! Same thing with motorcyles or bikes vs. cars: Four wheels good! Two wheels Baaaad! Ride a tank or a car through those terrorist territories. Trump Tells Freshman Women To Go Back To Their "Original" Countries Allan on Ocasio-Cortez: I Never Said Pe… Hill on Washington Attacker On Immigra… Allan on Washington Attacker On Immigra… Natacha on Ocasio-Cortez: I Never Said Pe… Anonymous on Ocasio-Cortez: I Never Said Pe…	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11578
__label__cc	0.614034	0.385966	Running my first D&D session Mon 28 January 2019 Last weekend I ran the first session of a Dungeons and Dragons (5th edition) campaign. This was my first experience being a dungeon master, so I thought I'd write down a few random thoughts about the experience. This will mainly be something for me to reflect on as I get more experience, but perhaps these notes will be useful for other new DMs too. It's actually been a couple of years that I've wanted to dip my toes into tabletop roleplaying games. My friend Vladimir got me into boardgames during my years in France, and from the beginning I'd always preferred games that let the players assume a role and build a story. The extra freedom afforded by tabletop RPGs seemed to tick all the boxes for what I would find enjoyable. The only barrier was finding the time and a group of people to play with! Given my total lack of experience I didn't feel particularly comfortable running a campaign, and in the end finding someone willing to give up their time to school a bunch of noobs was not possible. My luck changed when my good friend Adam organized a one-shot D&D session over the christmas holidays. He had put together his own world and story from scratch, complete with fleshed out and sometimes downright wacky NPCs. As players we certainly had a blast, but I could see that Adam was also having great fun seeing his world come to life and seeing how we interacted with it. I was pretty sure that I wanted to give this a go! On the other hand I could see the effort that had to be put in in order to make a compelling story in a coherent world, and I was not sure that I could afford the time committment. That's when I discovered that there is actually a vast library of campaigns published by Wizards of the Coast (the company that owns the Dungeons and Dragons trademark) which takes the guesswork out of worldbuilding and generating compelling narratives. I quickly purchased the Dungeons and Dragons 5th edition starter set, which contains the "lost mine of Phandelver" campaign, Despite getting a head start by using a pre-generated campaign I hadn't anticipated how much preparation time was required for running the first session. I'd decided I definitely wanted to run dungeon crawling/combat on a grid, which meant that I had to source the images in the campaign book, set about rescaling them and printing them on the A4 paper I had available. In order to increase immersion I also cut up the maps into sections to reflect what the player characters (PCs) would realistically be able to see. To represent the PCs and enemies on the map I printed a bunch of player tokens and glued them to 1-inch washers to give them a bit of weight. I estimate that this effort alone cost at least a couple or three hours. Even beyond the physical work, I quickly realized that even when the scenarios and story is pre-generated, there is still a lot of work that a DM has to do understanding the story. You're not going to be able to provide an immersive experience for your players if you just skim the encounters; you really need to read, think, and get into the minds of the NPCs. There's no way you're going to be able to predict everything that your players are going to say or do, and if you want play to remain fluid in spite of this you have to know how an NPC or enemy would react to a particular situation. Is this person brave or a coward? What are their motivations, and would they help or hinder the PCs in this particular scenario etc. Then there's the question of how much to prepare for a particular session. If the campaign has a potentially branching story (and the most compelling narratives will) then as a DM you need to be prepared to make sure that you've covered the material for where your players want to go next. All in I would say I easily spent perhaps 10 hours preparing in the lead up to the first session; certainly not a nontrivial time investment! What Went Well In the first session I feel that I roleplayed the NPCs quite well. We had a band of goblins to deal with and I found myself slipping into the mindset. There was even a goblin that the party captured (Grim), who became a central character in the story for that day (and he may come back in a future session!). We also found that gridding the dungeon also worked well from a tactical point of view. It was really rewarding for the players to move their pawns around the map, set up plays and then have their strategizing pay off. Introducing "fog of war" by revealing parts of the map as the party was moving around was also a good idea and added a sense of discovery to the adventure. Another thing the party really appreciated was the use of music in setting the atmosphere. I'd found tabletop audio a week or so prior to the first session and had spent a bit of time building up sound boards for the main locales that the party would encounter. Tabletop Audio is a really great site, and I'll definitely donate to them when I get the chance. I also spent a bit of time setting up playlists of battle music, which was really appreciated by the group. The last point that I think went well was the level of rules that we used. I personally didn't want to get bogged down in irrelevant details like level of exhaustion because of lack of water or food, or encumbering the PCs when they were carrying too much. On the other hand having enough rules makes the world feel real and like the choices the PCs make has consequences. I felt that this was particularly important in battle, and it would have broken the immersion to have the PCs be able to do whatever they want whenever they wanted. I feel that the 5th edition ruleset balances these aspects well. When we get to wilderness exploration I'll be interested to see what mechanics we can use for the party "discovering" a location. The best way I can think to handle this is have the party move through the wilderness hexes, and when they arrive at the hex containing the hidden location then they either automatically discover the location, or make them take a perception check with a DC that depends on what information they have about the location. What Could Be Improved I felt that the first session went really well, however there were naturally some things that could be improved. Firstly, I felt that my descriptions of the game world could be better. I was tending to rely on the maps quite a bit and I wasn't really narrating the details of the places. This sometimes led to misunderstandings where it was, for example, not obvious that we were entering a tunnel under a hill (because the gridded map was a birdseye view). In the future I think that it would be better to take a few moments to describe a newly discovered area when the party enters it. This would help the PCs to get a sense of where they are, and would also increase immersion. I also felt that my lack of rules knowledge was also hindering the adventure a bit. Notably, I kept having to look up the rules for lighting and perception checks. Also we had several situations where PCs were shooting "through" other PCs to enemies on the other side. During an intense battle it was difficult for me to decide how to best handle the situation. Luckily our warrior rolled a natural 1 to hit with their thrown javelin, so I could easily roleplay the shot going wide and hitting our druid in the back! I later found out that there are some specific rules for this. When you have to shoot "though" another PC this adds a few points to the DC of the "to hit" roll. When you roll greater than the regular DC to hit, but less than the modified DC, then you hit the PC whom you're shooting through. This adds quite a bit of extra tension to battles and also makes PCs think a bit more before firing off their bows or ranged magic. I also had trouble remembering the characteristics of the different items, e.g. the precise weight of a piece of hemp rope, as well as how different spells worked. In 5th edition there are spells that have a range, and there are also spell attacks that have a range. In the former case there's usually a saving roll that the attacked character must make, and in the latter case there's a "to hit" roll that the attacking character must make, like if they were firing a bow or throwing something. Another aspect with which I had difficulty was making sure that everyone got the chance to play equally. With a party of 6 it was quite difficult to ensure that everyone got their equal share of playtime, not to mention my lack of experience in DMing. In addition I found it quite difficult to think on my feet; for example I should really have kept a list of names ready for impromptu NPCs (as the dungeon master's guide recommends!). Also I found that it is helpful to try and "get into the head" of the NPCs in order to figure out how they would act in a particular situation. It's good to think of what motivation the NPC has for being in whatever situation they're in and their motivation for interacting with the party. This kind of thinking became particularly important in the first session when the party refused to cooperate with Yeemik the goblin when bargaining for the life of Sildar, one of the "good" NPCs. I had to really think about what it was that Yeemik wanted (control of the goblin band) and how he thought that he was going to get it from the players. When it became apparent that the party was too powerful for him to handle, I had Yeemik try to flee for his life, which I felt was appropriate in the situation, but not before dropping Sildar from a high ledge, which started his death saving throws. Despite this the stakes never felt super high; maybe I should have had Yeemik stab Sildar before throwing him down, starting him on 1 or 2 saving throws so that the stakes felt higher. Yet another aspect that could do with improving was running the encounters themselves. I felt that people were calling their initiative out before I was ready to write it down, and that I was getting a bit lost with all the bestiary cards. I had made notes on flash cards, but kept having to look up more specific details (e.g. height of ceilings or skill checks for different traps) which I felt hindered the flow of the encounters. I definitely felt that the situation could be improved with the use of electronic tools; I found 5etools and it seems really cool. I felt that a DM screen with a quick reference for rules etc. would be really useful, as well as a tool for running encounters, keeping track of enemies, initiative etc. The first session was so good that we decided to continue with the adventure. I felt that during the second session we fixed a lot of the problems that we had during the first session. For example, I used 5etools for running the encounters, which made things a lot easier as I had the monster stats and initiative counters right there. 5etools even has a "DM screen" feature which allows you to build a custom screen with all of the necessary information on it; very useful! One thing I continued to find difficult in the second session was hitting the main plot points when roleplaying. I found it quite hard to keep in mind the backstory of the NPCs, what they would be thinking in the given situation, and ensuring that I gave enough information to allow the party to progress. You also have to keep in mind that not all NPCs will know everything; adding a layer of complexity to the process. Finally I just have one last thing to say about the second session: dooryways are fucking OP. We must have had 3 or 4 situations where the party was on one side of a doorway, and there were enemies on the other side. In all the cases the winning strategy was to have one of the fighters act as a tank and block the door so that nobody could come through, and then have archers and spellcasters fire through the fighter to the enemies beyond. I can't really see how this strategy can be beat, especially as our party has 2 fighters, so if one is downed there is still another to pick up the slack. All in all it has been a lot of fun to run these sessions, and I look forward to running further sessions in the future. I think all in all it will take maybe 6 or 7 sessions to get through the Lost Mine of Phandelver campaign, and then who knows, perhaps there will even be future adventures with the same characters! Javascript needs to be enabled to post comments. Post via email Kwant Tutorial Markov Chains are fun Adaptive: parameter space sampling made easy How I learned to stop worrying and love the rebase April fools! Contents © 2015-2018 Joseph Weston, licensed under CC-BY-SA 4.0 Int. 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__label__wiki	0.66317	0.66317	Sign up here to get the latest news on Julian & Dominique About Julian It is during his performances in both local and regional clubs/restaurants that Julian can be heard doing high quality musical impressions of Pavarotti, Elvis, Frank Sinatra, Willie Nelson, Johnny Mathis, Louis Armstrong, Luther Vandross and Barry White. While these are stirring renditions of classic hits and they draw raves from the audience, it is when he does the Coles – both father and daughter – that he brings down the house. People simply cannot believe that this beautiful music is coming from one person. But, Julian’s talent does not stop there. Julian wrote and sang on the hit song “Take Me In Your Arms” with Lil Suzy. It sold over 600,000 copies as a single and reached number 48 on the Billboard Chart. He has also performed with such outstanding artists as Ben E. King, The Stylistics, The Delphonics, Shannon (Let The Music Play – reached double platinum), Ray, Goodman & Brown, and on the hit Christina Aguilera album “Just Be Free”. Julian’s recent CD, “Voices From My Heart”, on GrooveScape Records, has been very well received. It includes such classic hits as Unforgettable, Beautiful In My Eyes, Lady In Red, Summerwind, Time To Say Goodbye and two duets with Ben E. King – Stand By Me and Only You. The album now appears in many jukeboxes around New York City. Julian’s hit single – “Can’t Go This Way Again” – distributed on TC Records, reached number 46 on the Billboard Chart of “The Top 100”. He has written music for and sang in such movies as Grandview USA, The Survivalist and True Love. His voice can be heard on both radio and TV ads for American Airlines, Pontiac, Ford, Burger King and Foodtown, to name a few.Julian has a feature role (Joe Fortunato:singing cook) in the upcoming movie “Among The Jones”. Check out the trailer www.amongthejoneses.com About Dominique Dominique will certainly delight and touch you with the wide variety of material that she sings. From Celine Dion to Aretha Franklin, Natalie Cole, Natalie Merchant, Sarah Brightman, Lady Gaga, Meghan Trainor and many more, she holds a full repertoire of styles from pop to standards from the 60s to today. She can sing a lyric that will turn a falling tear into a smile and back again! She has found her life in music. From a little girl with a big voice growing up in Quebec City Canada, she has toured and performed in the spotlight with different show bands, playing covers and originals across the Canadian provinces. Since she moved to the US in 1994, she has since worked with a popular Italian American band upstate NY, "The Accents", and in the Tri-State area with several reowned bands performing concerts, weddings, corporate functions etc. She also performed as lead singer with the Dalton Gang’s musicians on several occasions. Displaying versatility in singing in five languages (English, French, Spanish, Italian and Portuguese), she will certainly touch you with her voice and presence on stage in any venue she performs. She has contributed to several commercial recordings back in Canada as a lead and background vocalist. She is traveling around the world as the Voice of “Suzy the Witch”, one of Avon’s best selling Halloween dolls, and recently was selected and included in the "Be Part of the Show" video montage of Celine Dion's fans, presented in Las Vegas at Ceasars Palace.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11580
__label__wiki	0.655684	0.655684	Remains of the Day: Verizon Buys Yahoo for $4.8 Billion Filed to: in briefFiled to: in brief remains of the day As expected, Verizon has finalized their deal to purchase Yahoo’s core assets for $4.83 billion. And so ends the reign of one of the original internet giants, not with an exclamation point but a whimper. Verizon will integrate Yahoo’s core business with AOL, which they also bought last year. To put things in perspective, that means Verizon now owns Flickr, Tumblr, all the Yahoo sites, as well as the AOL properties like the Huffington Post, Engadget, and TechCrunch. The remaining parts of Yahoo that aren’t part of the deal include their stake in Alibaba and a few other properties valued at around $40 billion. [AP & Bloomberg] In other news, the final build of the Windows 10 Anniversary Update is in the hands of Windows Insiders testers. It will be available to all users on August 2nd. Also, don’t forget that upgrading to Windows 10 is only free for a few more days. [Ars Technica] Nintendo’s stock has had a tumultuous week in wake of the Pokémon Go craze that initially caused the company’s value to skyrocket. But Nintendo only owns a third of the Pokemon company and the game’s developer Niantic is privately held, so Nintendo isn’t profiting much from the new game. As such, they told their investors to chill out. [Kotaku] Twitter made an ad to differentiate itself from other social networks and to explain what the point of Twitter is. That a ten year old internet company needs to clarify its purpose is, of course, symptomatic of their failure to achieve consistent growth while other social networks have exploded in popularity. But Twitter has remained culturally relevant over the years, particularly with breaking news. That’s really the thesis of the new ad. The point of Twitter isn’t to tell people what you’re eating for lunch; the point is to see what more important people are eating for lunch. Twitter is where you go to see what’s happening in the world:	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11585
__label__wiki	0.857367	0.857367	What’s the Gov Got to Do With It? Once upon a time, the GOP found this so heinous, so horrific, they wanted to impeach the president over it. No families were forced to empty their bank accounts to pay for food and childcare and other daily necessities, hundreds of thousands of workers weren’t effected. America pretty much amused the rest of the world. Yet now, where are the GOP’s ethics and morals at this? Yes, I will concede the headlines are colorful and attention grabbing. As well they should be. Some other news sources are acting as though it is not the GOP that is holding this up (and I can’t forget to give credit where credit is due, the Tea-Party has their share of blame in this as well–see below for that). I wonder if the GOP and the Tea Party understand the ramifications of what they’ve done. Democracy as we have known it in this country–will it still exist? Did the GOP intend to destroy that on their way to destroying the most hideous of bills, one that supports health care for all Americans. See, they don’t know what it’s like to not have health care. To have to worry about pre-existing, life-threatening conditions that you know you’ll get turned down for by an insurance company for coverage because “they don’t take people with pre-existing conditions.” Medicine, along with politics, is another area in the country that could use some reform. It’s disgusting that a country like ours doesn’t have health care for everyone, regardless of income, full or part-time status… Health seems to be a pretty inalienable right as well. President Obama has the right idea, and it’s something that should have been done years and years ago. There’s another section of the Huffington Post devoted to people writing in about how “Obamacare” has saved their lives because they were unable to get the healthcare they needed. This is what the GOP wants to tear the country apart over? Keeping people healthy? It doesn’t concern them, why should they care? It just concerns their constituents. Oh, right, them… The GOP keeps forgetting the little people that put them into office. I support the Congressional Representative from my district, the 4th, in Oregon, whole-heartedly. He’s a good man. He listens to the people who put him into office, and I follow his voting record. He does what the people want. He thinks. I still emailed his no doubt overflowing office and said I didn’t think they should be getting paid during the shutdown. I think I should also mention that quite a few members of the Republican party, over 20 at last count, have abandoned the jackelope and said they will vote on a clean bill–they just want to get the country moving again. Huzzah on brains that still work. I don’t think I need to go on and on. The above headlines say a lot. Check out the Huffington Post if you want to read the whole articles. They also have a “Good News” section you can go read after being inundated with all the bad news. I think that’s an awesome idea, and something the news in general forgets–while there are many bad things, things you don’t even want to think about, happening around us, there are still shining spotlights of humanity that break through the haze and show us that average, everyday, people you walk by on the street can be inspiring beacons of hope, and reminders that it doesn’t take a person in a special suit to be a hero. And that it doesn’t even always need to be a person. A “Tea-Party” I’m sure there are people coming to fill the empty places. This is where my lack of keeping up completely with political news (I did at the time of the elections, especially where Sarah Palin was involved, because she’s stark raving mad). I know they hate The Affordable Health Care Act as well. I’m not entirely sure why anyone hates this. Do they not see how ridiculous it is, when compared with other nations of our “league” (sorry to anyone who takes offense), we look like Victorian England when it comes to health care? In fact, maybe the Tea Party could pick up some pointers from the 19th century. We could institute poorhouses for all the students who have defaulted on their student debts as they’ve been unable to find the jobs they were told waited when they finished their degrees. What would be profitable for the government? They could have a business where undergrad students who hadn’t written their papers yet for particular classes could put in a request a it would be assigned to one of the over-educated but unemployable inhabitants of the poorhouse. That’s too unpleasant a name, though. How about the “Dickens’ Home for Overachieving Underperformers?” They could possibly also house a Think Tank consisting of MBAs, accountants, actuaries (is that the same thing? I like the word) for when time to work on the budget rolls ’round every year–let these people work on it along with congress. Students are used to deadlines. Their GPAs are important to them. They’ll get it done on time. That reminds me of something I wanted to do at the end of the post. Thank me for reminding me. It so rarely happens I have to thank myself in the hopes it happens more often. And less than three days later, because by then it’s considerably too late. There are endless possibilities here. There are endless jokes as well. Enough said. There seems to be some confusion about what is closed and what isn’t, as what is closed in each state varies widely. The Tea Party made the grand statement that only a small percentage of the government was shut down. Well, here’s the list of each agency’s shutdown policy (hopefully the links still work Agency-by-agency shutdown guidance Monday – 9/30/2013, 1:13pm EDT The Office of Management and Budget requested agencies provide details about their plans in the event of a government shutdown. Below are links to each agency’s shutdown guidance. AbilityOne Program (Sept. 27, 2013) Advisory Council on Historic Preservation — (Sept. 27, 2013) Air Forces Retirement Home PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) American Battle Monuments Commission — (Sept. 27, 2013) Appalachian Regional Commission PDF — (Dec. 15, 2011) Armed Forces Retirement Homes PDF — (September 27, 2013) Broadcasting Board of Governors PDF— (Sept. 27, 2013) Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board mdash; (Sept. 27, 2013) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (Sept. 25, 2013) Consumer Product Safety Commission — (Sept. 27, 2013) Corporation for National and Community Service — (Sept. 27, 2013) Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency — (Sept. 27, 2013) Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board — (Sept. 27, 2013) Delta Regional Authority PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Denali Commission — (Sept. 27, 2013) Office of the Secretary PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Agricultural Marketing Service PDF (Sept. 27, 2013) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Departmental Management PDF (Sept. 27, 2013) Farm Service Agency PDF (Sept. 27, 2013) Food, Nutrition, and Consumer Services PDF (Sept. 27, 2013) Food Safety and Inspection Services PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) U.S. Forest Service PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration PDF (Sept. 27, 2013) National Appeals Division PDF (Sept. 27, 2013) Natural Resources Conservation Service PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Office of Budget and Program Analysis PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Office of the Chief Economist PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Office of the Chief Financial Officer PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Office of Communications PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Office of Ethics \| PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Office of the General Counsel PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Office of Inspector General PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Research, Education and Economics PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Risk Management Agency PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Rural Development PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Department of Commerce — (Sept. 27, 2013) Department of Defense PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Department of Education PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Department of Energy — (Sept. 27, 2013) Department of Health and Human Services PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Department of Homeland Security PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Department of Housing and Urban Development — (Sept. 27, 2013) Department of Interior Departmental PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Bureau of Indian Affairs PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Bureau of Indian Education PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Bureau of Land Management PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Bureau of Reclamation PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Fish and Wildlife Service PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) National Park Service PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Office of the Inspector General PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Office of Insular Affairs PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Office of the Solicitor PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Office of the Special Trustee \| PDF (September 27, 2013) Office of Surface Mining PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Policy Management and Budget PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) U.S. Geological Survey PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Department of Justice — (Sept. 27, 2013) Department of Labor — (Sept. 27, 2013) Department of State — (Sept. 27, 2013) Department of Transportation PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Department of Treasury — (Sept. 27, 2013) Departmental Offices PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Bureau of Fiscal Service PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) The Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Financial Crimes Enforcement Network PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Internal Revenue Service PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Special Inspector General, Troubled Asset Relief Program PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Department of Veterans Affairs PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Election Assistance Commission PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Environmental Protection Agency PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission — (Sept. 27, 2013) Executive Office of the President — (Sept/ 27, 2013) Export-Import Bank of the United States PDF — (Dec. 15, 2011) Farm Credit Administration — (Sept. 27, 2013) Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation — (Sept. 27, 2013) Federal Communications Commission PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation — (September 27, 2013) Federal Election Commission PDF — (Sept. 28, 2013) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission — (Sept. 27, 2013) Federal Labor Relation Authority PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Federal Maritime Commission — (Sept. 27, 2013) Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission — (Sept. 27, 2013) Federal Trade Commission — (Sept. 27, 2013) General Services Administration — (Sept. 27, 2013) Institute of Museum and Library Services PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Inter- American Foundation — (Sept. 27, 2013) International Boundary Commission — (Sept. 26, 2013) International Boundary and Water Commission — (Sept. 27, 2013) International Joint Commission — (Sept. 26, 2013) Kennedy Center — (Sept. 27, 2013) Marine Mammal Commission PDF — (Sept. 30, 2013) Millenium Challenge Corporation PDF — (Dec. 15, 2011) National Archives — (Sept. 27, 2013) National Capital Planning Commission — (Sept. 27, 2013) National Council on Disability PD F — (April 8, 2011) National Endowment for the Arts — (Dec. 15, 2011) National Endowment for the Humanities PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) National Gallery of Art — (Sept. 27, 2013) National Labor Relations Board — (Sept. 27, 2013) National Mediation Board — (Sept. 30, 3013) National Science Foundation PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) National Transportation Safety Board PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board PDF — (Dec. 15, 2011) Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission — (Sept. 27, 2013) Office of the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction — (Sept. 27, 2013) Office of Personnel Management — (Sept. 25, 2013) Overseas Private Investment Corporation PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Peac e Corps — (Sept. 27, 2013) Postal Regulatory Commission — (Sept. 27, 2013) Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board — (Sept. 27, 2013) Small Business Administration PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Securities and Exchange Commission PDF — (Dec. 15, 2011) Selective Service System — (Sept. 27, 2013) Smithsonian Institution PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Social Security Administration — (Sept. 27, 2013) Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction PDF — (April 8, 2011) Udall Foundation — (Sept. 27, 2013) Environmental Conflict Resolution— (Sept. 27, 2013) United States Access Board — (Sept. 27, 2013) United States African Development Foundation PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) United States Agency for International Development PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) United States Commission of Fine Arts — (Sept. 27, 2013) United States Holocaust Memorial Museum— (Sept. 27, 2013) United States Interagency Council on Homlessness — (Sept. 27, 2013) United States Merit System Protection Board — (Sept. 27, 2013) United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission — (Sept. 27, 2013) United States Postal Service, Office of the Inspector General PDF— (Sept. 27, 2013) United States Railroad Reitrement Board PDF— (Sept. 27, 2013) Office of the Inspector General — (Sept. 27, 2013) United States Systems Protection Board PDF — (April 8, 2011) United States Office of Government Ethics PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) United States Office of Special Counsel — (Sept. 27 27, 2013) United States Trade and Development Agency — (Sept. 27, 2013) Woodow Wilson International Center for Scholars PDF — (Sept. 27, 2013) Sometimes the information gleaned from the pages says nothing more than the site is shut down. Others, like the Department for Health and Human Services, have to keep some things in order because they are in charge of so many services and programs so many people use. Even their pages aren’t all that helpful. I would definitely call first. If you happen to be a parent of a child with a disability in one of the Head Start programs that is shut down and don’t have childcare, see if there are any organizations (of course the parents always have this stuff figured out the best) for individuals/children with disabilities who can help you. Also for Head Start parents, as I read one article about concerns about food in one family–check out your local food banks and see what they can do. While the Federal government is shut down, it doesn’t mean your local one is, and organizations like food banks are typically volunteer operated. You may also be able to find community information at your library. If there is no help from what is open and you really are struggling with rent, you might want to check at a shelter–they don’t want you homeless any more than you want to be, they might have resources as well. I’m just trying to piece together what I know from what friends have done in the past, just so no one regales me with “what nonsense are you trying to pawn off here?” That was when the government was as functional as it gets. I do know the frustration–I opened the envelope when I received it months ago for my beginning COBRA information, which I needed but had been dreading at the same time, knowing it was going to be an outrageous amount. There was a flyer stuck inside, though, that said something along the lines of, “Can’t afford your payments? We might be able to help” and it gave a web address. I went there, feeling a little more cheerful, only to find a sentence reading: Due to budgetary cutbacks, this program has been discontinued. This shutdown has affected so many things across the board that we don’t even think about–the CDC, food safety under the Dept. of Agriculture, the FDIC, HUD, National Council on Disabilities–the Peace Corps. I don’t know what did happen, but I read in their plan (my parents were volunteers ages ago so I was curious) that in the event of a shutdown they would all have to be evacuated and returned back to the address given in their application packets. At roughly a cost of $3,500 a volunteer. I remember it was a fairly tumultuous time when my parents were in Peace Corps in Costa Rica, and volunteers during that time in Central and South America from both Nicaragua and Chile were evacuated. I don’t know if they were just moved somewhere else or brought back to the US. I didn’t really pay attention. I was probably 11 and I didn’t really understand at the time what was going on, other than volunteers in Costa Rica were moved further from the Nicaraguan border because it was unsafe. I knew some of those people, so that made more sense to me. Another thing I noticed while going through the names of the departments, given the pressure President Obama is giving the Redskins to change their name, is that it may be time to update the names of a few departments as well. The Bureau of Indian Affairs, perhaps? The Bureau of Indian Education? That’s a bit of an oxymoron, considering it should really be, after all the education we’ve been giving on not just political correctness but for acknowledging people as they would prefer to be known, as the Bureau of Native American Education. Personally, I like the way the Canadians have worked out the whole situation, with the Native Canadians being called the First Nations, comprising all those tribes/people not related to the Inuit or the Métis. Yes, I did have to Wiki that because I didn’t remember it entirely. I’ve only been to Canada once, so please cut me a little slack, here. Interestingly, according to the same source, the Canadians first interactions with the native peoples in Canada were not nearly as combative (although it did happen) as those in the US, which allowed the First Nations and other tribes’ cultures to be assimilated more into the growth of the country. Now, I consider myself ethnocentric now that I’m older, because when I was a child living on the Navajo Reservation, which is a large reservation, I thought the only Native Americans that existed were the Navajo, the Hopi, the Pueblo, the Utes, and the Paiutes. That was it. In a way, it was strangely appropriate. For anyone who has ever watched a John Wayne movie that takes place anywhere looking something like this: I realize that the top and bottom one are practically the same other than the snow. The two formations on the far left and the middle are known as “The Mittens.” All of the formations have names, I just don’t remember all of them. The one on the right might be “Train Rock,” but I’m truly not sure. The one in the middle of the above photo has something to do with a chief, I’m fairly sure. I took all this for granted because I grew up with it. Monument Valley, home to I don’t know how many Westerns and car commercials. Nothing like having an SUV airlifted in and dropped on top of a mesa to show how tough it is. Where I lived was just past Monument Valley. Now there’s a high school along the way, but the Oljato Trading Post, where I spent many hours, is now closed. When I lived there, it was a working Trading Post. Then it was a tourist attraction, selling rugs and jewelry and baskets, as it had always done, then it closed completely. It was a huge part of my childhood. We would “trading post sit” and I remember spending hours in either the store after it was closed reading Tales From the Crypt comic books behind the counter, or sitting in the rug room surrounded by beautiful baskets, jewelry, rugs–literally piles of rugs, and a loom set up to show tourists what they looked like, settled into a comfy chair reading Fate Magazine. I think back on how unusual that was, and how I took it completely for granted, because that’s what children do. But one of the many great lies of the Westerns is that the Apache, the Cherokee, the Sioux, whoever was the great evil enemy of the day, if the movie was filmed in Monument Valley, it was far more likely they were Navajo. I spend four more years in Chinle, Arizona (Monument Valley is in southern Utah). Chinle is right next to Canyon de Chelly, which has an unsettling history of its own, but many say is more beautiful than the Grand Canyon, it’s just the Grand Canyon is bigger so it gets all the attention. I found a photograph, quite unexpected, by Ansel Adams. It’s not of a huge sweeping vista (I am impressed with their amazing quality and technical detail, but for some reason have never really liked him as a photographer, until I found this photograph). It was taken in 1941 in, as the photograph is labeled, Canyon de Chelle. For this photograph, the National Archives and Records Administration request to be listed as the original source. http://www.archives.gov/research/ansel-adams/ She’s standing in the doorway of a hogan, a traditional Navajo home. She’s not old enough yet to have all the silver jewelry she’ll have when she’s older, although it does look like the buttons on her collar are silver. The necklace looks like it’s made of shell beads, just guessing. How did I get on this topic? Oh, right. The Bureau of Indian Affairs. And changing names of sports teams. To Westerns. Do you think John Boehner watched a lot of these growing up? I realized he is emulating, to a degree, someone who isn’t a very good role model, someone whose pride literally led to his fall. “You ask me if I will not be glad when the last battle is fought, so far as the country is concerned I, of course, must wish for peace, and will be glad when the war is ended, but if I answer for myself alone, I must say that I shall regret to see the war end.” Tagged 1941 Photograph, Ansel Adams, Canyon de Chelly, Comparing severity of actions, Department Names that should be changed, George Armstrong Custer, government departments list, Headlines, John Boehner, Long Post--at least read the end, Monument Valley, Native Americans, Navajo, politics, Possible resources, pride, shutdown, society, Westerns	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11588
__label__cc	0.575934	0.424066	boston, Gratitude, journey, love Nomad Pitches Tent in Boston Approximately one year ago, Nomad was living on Long Island and began to feel that familiar itch – the itch to move, to uproot, to find greener pastures, watering holes and new territories to explore.. Nomad began to crave civilization. Intensely. She wanted to eat in new restaurants and navigate new boulevards. She wanted to find her tribe. The slow lazy days spent on Long Island were a combined mixture of boredom and quiet stillness. The former has been known to drive Nomad insane, but the latter gave her great pleasure. However, Nomad began to struggle more and more with boredom and loneliness and decided it was time to make moves. And so she set her sights on a city. A city that she had not before considered, and in fact had actually once shirked – Boston. As with all of Nomad’s previous moves, there was first a calling and then a gestation period before packing up her belongings and her tent and relocating it from one pasture to the next. This particular gestation period seemed interminable. Work was busy as she prepared for someone to take over her position and students flocked in droves to the campus. In July her heart suffered a breaking open, and it was brutally uncomfortable. But Nomad is well practiced in the art of change, and she understood that preparing to move meant shedding the things that no longer served her so that she could travel light and far. Nomad wanted a quick fix and a change of pace to mend her broken heart. But as per usual, she had to sit and wait patiently. It felt like an eternity, but finally her plan to move started to pick up momentum in June. She found a place to pitch her tent – a great little spot in Somerville, an up and coming suburb of Boston. A quiet street, a small, cozy apartment, two lovely roommates- it was perfect. Convenient. Affordable. Good energy. “I’ll take it,” she said without considering any other options. Only 3 months til she could move in. She didn’t want to wait, but didn’t have a choice. Nomad was excited for her next steps and, as to be expected, a little nervous, too. While she was certain on having a place to call home, she was uncertain what her source of income would be. She fought that fear until she made herself sick with anxiety. One day she made up her mind to let go and trust – a practice that always serves her well. Her employer had promised to make it work for her if she could go with the flow. And so that is what she did. She read on the beach all summer, tanned her skin and sought the healing properties of the salted air and water. She centered herself with dance and resolved to move her body as much as possible. It helped draw September nearer to her. And then it was finally time. Time to say goodbye to the people she loved on Long Island. This part of moving – the goodbye part – is always significantly hard and sad for Nomad. Her tears were metallic and salty as she hugged the people who had become closest to her. But she carries these people in her story and in her heart. On her last day on the Island she packed the U-haul with her belongings and set off with her best friend by her side for Boston. He was going to deliver her to her new home before heading back to Long Island, and she was eternally grateful that she didn’t have to say that goodbye to him just yet. Her excitement outweighed the sadness she felt on leaving. She was anxious to settle in to her new home and to meet a particular man that had peaked her interest in a previous trip to Boston. There was something undeniably different and special about this man and she was excited to find out what.A first date was had as soon as Nomad had unpacked her last box. The best first date she’d ever been on. Needless to say, the two more than hit it off, and Nomad has spent the last four months since she arrived in Boston exploring the city clad in a pair of rose-colored glasses and a very full and happy heart. She still has yet to learn many things about her new town. She doesn’t know how to get from point A to B without the help of Google Maps. She only has a handful of spots where she frequents for food and drink and has only just joined a gym. But Nomad is excited to do what she does best — explore the nooks and crannies of her heart and the of the people and places all around her. Stay tuned for the next chapter in Nomad’s many adventures. This one is sure to be full of excellent people and places. Happy New Year to you and yours. May it be full of discovery! Love, Nomad Tagged boston, change, Heart Break, Long Island, love, Moving, New Year, Nomad, Travel	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11589
__label__cc	0.72795	0.27205	Many are the plans in the mind of a man, but it is the purpose of the Lord that will stand. What is desired in a man is steadfast love, and a poor man is better than a liar. The fear of the Lord leads to life, and whoever has it rests satisfied; he will not be visited by harm. The sluggard buries his hand in the dish and will not even bring it back to his mouth. Strike a scoffer, and the simple will learn prudence; reprove a man of understanding, and he will gain knowledge. ... Christian Canvas Art Then I saw another beast rising out of the earth. It had two horns like a lamb and it spoke like a dragon. It exercises all the authority of the first beast in its presence, and makes the earth and its inhabitants worship the first beast, whose mortal wound was healed. It performs great signs, even making fire come down from heaven to earth in front of people, and by the signs that it is allowed to work in the presence of the beast it deceives those who dwell on earth, telling them to make an image for the beast that was wounded by the sword and yet lived. And it was allowed to give breath to the image of the beast, so that the image of the beast might even speak and might cause those who would not worship the image of the beast to be slain. ... Christian Canvas Art Character Of WickedRevelation, Necessity Ofevangelism, nature ofSatan, Power OfSpiritual Warfare, Enemies InImagination, Evil SchemingPresent Evil AgeNames And Titles For SatanRevelation, Responses ToShiningUnbelief, Nature And Effects OfLikenessFalse ReligionUnbelief, Sourced InSatan, As DeceiverSpiritual Blindness, Consequences OfSatanticPrincehood Of SatanImage Of God Christian Gifts Of David. Bless the Lord, O my soul, and all that is within me, bless his holy name! Bless the Lord, O my soul, and forget not all his benefits, who forgives all your iniquity, who heals all your diseases, who redeems your life from the pit, who crowns you with steadfast love and mercy, who satisfies you with good so that your youth is renewed like the eagle's. ... and in the cutting of stones for settings, and in the carving of wood, that he may work in all kinds of craftsmanship. "And behold, I Myself have appointed with him Oholiab, the son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan; and in the hearts of all who are skillful I have put skill, that they may make all that I have commanded you: the tent of meeting, and the ark of testimony, and the mercy seat upon it, and all the furniture of the tent, the table also and its utensils, and the pure gold lampstand with all its utensils, and the altar of incense, the altar of burnt offering also with all its utensils, and the laver and its stand, Share Your Faith Products 1 Then the LORD said to Moses, 2 “See, I have chosen Bezalel son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah, 3 and I have filled him with the Spirit of God, with wisdom, with understanding, with knowledge and with all kinds of skills— 4 to make artistic designs for work in gold, silver and bronze, 5 to cut and set stones, to work in wood, and to engage in all kinds of crafts. 6 Moreover, I have appointed Oholiab son of Ahisamak, of the tribe of Dan, to help him. Also I have given ability to all the skilled workers to make everything I have commanded you: "Now her sister Oholibah saw this, yet she was more corrupt in her lust than she, and her harlotries were more than the harlotries of her sister. "She lusted after the Assyrians, governors and officials, the ones near, magnificently dressed, horsemen riding on horses, all of them desirable young men. "I saw that she had defiled herself; they both took the same way.read more. Christian Gifts Beaten silver is brought from Tarshish, and gold from Uphaz. They are the work of the craftsman and of the hands of the goldsmith; their clothing is violet and purple; they are all the work of skilled men. But the Lord is the true God; he is the living God and the everlasting King. At his wrath the earth quakes, and the nations cannot endure his indignation. Thus shall you say to them: “The gods who did not make the heavens and the earth shall perish from the earth and from under the heavens.” Bible Verse Wall Art A Psalm for giving thanks. Make a joyful noise to the Lord, all the earth! Serve the Lord with gladness! Come into his presence with singing! Know that the Lord, he is God! It is he who made us, and we are his; we are his people, and the sheep of his pasture. Enter his gates with thanksgiving, and his courts with praise! Give thanks to him; bless his name! For the Lord is good; his steadfast love endures forever, and his faithfulness to all generations. ... Christian Canvas Art Every home is so much more than just walls and windows. Home is the place where we live, laugh, and love. It's an expression of who we are and what we believe. That's why we are committed to providing beautiful Christian art and inspirational home décor. Our passion is helping you create a place that reflects your faith and enables you to share it with others. So discover new ways to share your heart and God's love today! Bible Verse Wall Art Much of the art surviving from Europe after the fall of the Western Roman Empire is Christian art, although this in large part because the continuity of church ownership has preserved church art better than secular works. While the Western Roman Empire's political structure essentially collapsed after the fall of Rome, its religious hierarchy, what is today the modern-day Roman Catholic Church commissioned and funded production of religious art imagery. Christian Gifts The below Scriptures will offer encouragement in your daily life and provide inspiration and strength as you cope with life's challenges. God's plan for your life is that you have joy and live life to the fullest. If you are feeling overwhelmed, run down, and without hope, the Bible can lift your spirits and give you a fresh start! Read the below verses from the Holy Bible about encouragement and experience God's healing power for our soul. Meditate on these verses through the day and share them with your friends so you can make an impact on someone else's day! The Bible is full of encouraging scriptures that are such a blessing to read and memorize. Here are ten of my favorite scripture quotes for encouragement. Feel free to share these with others as these encouraging Bible verses will brighten anyone’s day. The Scriptures used are filled with hope, comfort and inspiration. These famous Bible quotes are from the Old and New Testament. Christian Gifts And it will come about in that day, that every place where there used to be a thousand vines, valued at a thousand shekels of silver, will become briars and thorns. People will come there with bows and arrows because all the land will be briars and thorns. As for all the hills which used to be cultivated with the hoe, you will not go there for fear of briars and thorns; but they will become a place for pasturing oxen and for sheep to trample. Christian Canvas Art He also made two capitals of molten bronze to set on the tops of the pillars; the height of the one capital was five cubits and the height of the other capital was five cubits. There were nets of network and twisted threads of chainwork for the capitals which were on the top of the pillars; seven for the one capital and seven for the other capital. So he made the pillars, and two rows around on the one network to cover the capitals which were on the top of the pomegranates; and so he did for the other capital. The capitals which were on the top of the pillars in the porch were of lily design, four cubits. There were capitals on the two pillars, even above and close to the rounded projection which was beside the network; and the pomegranates numbered two hundred in rows around both capitals. Thus he set up the pillars at the porch of the nave; and he set up the right pillar and named it Jachin, and he set up the left pillar and named it Boaz. On the top of the pillars was lily design. So the work of the pillars was finished. Bible Verse Wall Art The son of a woman of the daughters of Dan, and his father was a man of Tyre. He is trained to work in gold, silver, bronze, iron, stone, and wood, and in purple, blue, and crimson fabrics and fine linen, and to do all sorts of engraving and execute any design that may be assigned him, with your craftsmen, the craftsmen of my lord, David your father. Christian Gifts The word that came to Jeremiah from the Lord: “Arise, and go down to the potter's house, and there I will let you hear my words.” So I went down to the potter's house, and there he was working at his wheel. And the vessel he was making of clay was spoiled in the potter's hand, and he reworked it into another vessel, as it seemed good to the potter to do. Then the word of the Lord came to me: ... Share Your Faith Products Then to Adam He said, "Because you have listened to the voice of your wife, and have eaten from the tree about which I commanded you, saying, 'You shall not eat from it'; Cursed is the ground because of you; In toil you will eat of it All the days of your life. "Both thorns and thistles it shall grow for you; And you will eat the plants of the field; By the sweat of your face You will eat bread, Till you return to the ground, Because from it you were taken; For you are dust, And to dust you shall return." Bible Verse Wall Art “Bezalel and Oholiab and every craftsman in whom the Lord has put skill and intelligence to know how to do any work in the construction of the sanctuary shall work in accordance with all that the Lord has commanded.” And Moses called Bezalel and Oholiab and every craftsman in whose mind the Lord had put skill, everyone whose heart stirred him up to come to do the work. And they received from Moses all the contribution that the people of Israel had brought for doing the work on the sanctuary. They still kept bringing him freewill offerings every morning, so that all the craftsmen who were doing every sort of task on the sanctuary came, each from the task that he was doing, and said to Moses, “The people bring much more than enough for doing the work that the Lord has commanded us to do.” ... Christian Gifts As a secular, non-sectarian, universal notion of art arose in 19th-century Western Europe, ancient and Medieval Christian art began to be collected for art appreciation rather than worship, while contemporary Christian art was considered marginal. Occasionally, secular artists treated Christian themes (Bouguereau, Manet) — but only rarely was a Christian artist included in the historical canon (such as Rouault or Stanley Spencer). However many modern artists such as Eric Gill, Marc Chagall, Henri Matisse, Jacob Epstein, Elizabeth Frink and Graham Sutherland have produced well-known works of art for churches.[1] Salvador Dali is an artist who had also produced notable and popular artworks with Christian themes.[2] Contemporary artists such as Makoto Fujimura have had significant influence both in sacred and secular arts. Other notable artists include Larry D. Alexander and John August Swanson. Some writers, such as Gregory Wolfe, see this as part of a rebirth of Christian humanism.[3] Christian Canvas Art See what kind of love the Father has given to us, that we should be called children of God; and so we are. The reason why the world does not know us is that it did not know him. Beloved, we are God's children now, and what we will be has not yet appeared; but we know that when he appears we shall be like him, because we shall see him as he is. And everyone who thus hopes in him purifies himself as he is pure. Christian Canvas Art “Come, everyone who thirsts, come to the waters; and he who has no money, come, buy and eat! Come, buy wine and milk without money and without price. Why do you spend your money for that which is not bread, and your labor for that which does not satisfy? Listen diligently to me, and eat what is good, and delight yourselves in rich food. Incline your ear, and come to me; hear, that your soul may live; and I will make with you an everlasting covenant, my steadfast, sure love for David. Behold, I made him a witness to the peoples, a leader and commander for the peoples. Behold, you shall call a nation that you do not know, and a nation that did not know you shall run to you, because of the Lord your God, and of the Holy One of Israel, for he has glorified you. ... Bible Verse Wall Art The Lord said to Moses, “See, I have called by name Bezalel the son of Uri, son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah, and I have filled him with the Spirit of God, with ability and intelligence, with knowledge and all craftsmanship, to devise artistic designs, to work in gold, silver, and bronze, in cutting stones for setting, and in carving wood, to work in every craft. ... The word that came to Jeremiah from the Lord: “Arise, and go down to the potter's house, and there I will let you hear my words.” So I went down to the potter's house, and there he was working at his wheel. And the vessel he was making of clay was spoiled in the potter's hand, and he reworked it into another vessel, as it seemed good to the potter to do. Then the word of the Lord came to me: ... A Psalm for giving thanks. Make a joyful noise to the Lord, all the earth! Serve the Lord with gladness! Come into his presence with singing! Know that the Lord, he is God! It is he who made us, and we are his; we are his people, and the sheep of his pasture. Enter his gates with thanksgiving, and his courts with praise! Give thanks to him; bless his name! For the Lord is good; his steadfast love endures forever, and his faithfulness to all generations. ... In the West, the Renaissance saw an increase in monumental secular works, but until the Protestant Reformation Christian art continued to be commissioned in great quantities by churches, clergy and by the aristocracy. The Reformation had a huge effect on Christian art, rapidly bringing the production of public Christian art to a virtual halt in Protestant countries, and causing the destruction of most of the art that already existed. Bible Verse Wall Art He made 300 shields of beaten gold, using three hundred shekels of gold on each shield, and the king put them in the house of the forest of Lebanon. Moreover, the king made a great throne of ivory and overlaid it with pure gold. There were six steps to the throne and a footstool in gold attached to the throne, and arms on each side of the seat, and two lions standing beside the arms. Twelve lions were standing there on the six steps on the one side and on the other; nothing like it was made for any other kingdom. All King Solomon's drinking vessels were of gold, and all the vessels of the house of the forest of Lebanon were of pure gold; silver was not considered valuable in the days of Solomon. Christian Gifts We are faced with a startling opportunity. We may think that we can’t walk this Christian path, but Peter tells us that we have all of the resources that we need in his “very great and precious promises”. When our circumstances cause insecurities and thoughts of despair to dance around our minds, God gives us a way out. We can escape this corruption by knowing God through Jesus Christ. How can we know God? By taking Him at His word! God has already provided for us and He is looking for people who will have the courage to replace their current thinking with God’s faithfulness. Are you looking for the thoughts of God? The Bible is God’s life support to us as we encounter a world of difficulty.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11598
__label__cc	0.644978	0.355022	Arts & Entertainment » Choice Events THEATER \| 'Bring It On, The Musical' by Tori Martinez PHOTO BY STEVE LEVINSON Part of the JCC SummerStage, casting high school and college students, "Bring It On, The Musical" is loosely based on the original movie released by Universal Pictures. From the composers of "Hamilton" and "Next to Normal," with music by Lin-Manuel Miranda, Tom Kitt, and Amanda Green, the musical takes you through the life of Campbell, a senior in high school who dreamed of becoming captain of her school's cheerleading team. She gets the position, but her dream is quickly crushed when she's forced to transfer schools due to redistricting. Her new school doesn't have a cheer team, so she must decide if she wants to try out for the dance team — if the team would even let her join. With all new music, and a new plot and characters, you'll remember the movie, but get fresh twists and turns. The JCC production is directed by David Schuler and choreographed by Katie Keller. "Bring It On, The Musical" began last week, but will continue Wednesday, July 19, Thursday, July 20, and Saturday, July 22, at 8 p.m.; and 2 p.m. on Sunday, July 23. Tickets are $20 for students, $27 for JCC members, and $29 for general admission. For tickets or more information, visit jccrochester.org or call 461-2000.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11601
__label__cc	0.646124	0.353876	Richard Bolitho, Midshipman July 26, 2014 Book reviewsAlexander Kent, book recommendations, book review, historical fiction, Midshipman Bolitho, Naval novels, readers advisory, Richard Bolithomaistrechat Richard Bolitho, midshipman / Alexander Kent. Originally published 1975. And now I return to the naval novels. The Bolitho books are the lesser-known cousin of the titans of the genre, the Hornblower and Aubrey-Maturin series. Richard Bolitho, Midshipman is the eighth novel to be published but the first in internal chronological order. Richard Bolitho is a midshipman on the HMS Gorgon. He befriends another midshipman, Martyn Dancer, and they embark on a journey to West Africa, where they encounter adventure, excitement, and a lieutenant with a grudge. The Bolitho novels are the diet soda of the naval adventure genre. They’re fine, but there’s not really very much to them. They lack the depth of the Aubrey-Maturin series, and Bolitho is not nearly as interesting as Horatio Hornblower. The Bolitho books are perfectly serviceable adventure stories that are short, undemanding, and are a little more varied than the Hornblower novels, for the most part. I read the three novels included in the Complete midshipman Bolitho collection, and left pretty unimpressed. The Bolitho books are basically a Napoleonic version of the early Shannara novels: hampered by a rigorous adherence to all the conventions of the genre and therefore feeling somewhat empty. Bolitho is fairly generic, he solves all of the problems he faces a little too easily, and the stakes never seem particularly high. The fact that the books feature a slightly classist undercurrent and completely one-dimensional villains doesn’t really help. Unlike, say, the Aubrey-Maturin books, the Bolitho novels are essentially Napoleonic-era British propaganda. There’s an unpleasant francophobia throughout, even present in the author’s biography. I honestly don’t have much else to say about this book or the series in general, because there’s really not all that much there. It’s the epitome of light, fun reading. Completely undemanding and totally predictable, but still enjoyable. uncomplicated, straightforward adventure The author is still alive and writing, so there’s plenty more to read Includes some of the negative hallmarks of British literature: unexamined classism and francophobia There’s nothing new here, and for fiction the novels are astoundingly uncreative Antagonists are not even remotely developed. All characters are either good or evil Fans of historical fiction and Napoleonic adventure who are looking for an easy, uncomplicated read will love this series. It’s especially recommended for fans of the genre who have already read the Aubrey-Maturin and Hornblower novels who are looking for something new. It’s also great for younger readers or those looking for something less intellectually demanding than the Aubrey-Maturin series. I have recommended this book a couple of times, mostly to fans of O’Brian and Forester. They’ve all enjoyed it, and that’s basically how it goes: if you like the genre, you’ll like these. They’re just not as good as their better-known cousins. Other books for people who enjoyed this one: Flying colours / C.S. Forester Master and commander / Patrick O’Brian Bloody Jack / L.A. Meyer ← The wishsong of Shannara Bedlam →	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11602
__label__cc	0.707512	0.292488	Local teens to compete at 2018 Mass. Envirothon on Friday, May 18th April 27, 2018 / dbpetit2 / Leave a comment Partnering with Nature in Watersheds is 2018 current issue UXBRIDGE, Mass., April 26, 2018 – For the past school year, high school students across the commonwealth have been studying watersheds, water infrastructure and the impact of recent damaging storms in their community, and formulating steps their local leaders can take to protect land and water ecosystems in the watershed. They’ll present their findings at the 31st annual Massachusetts Envirothon competition on Friday, May 18th at the Blackstone River and Canal Heritage State Park in Uxbridge, Mass. The approximately 200 students from 27 Massachusetts communities will also test their knowledge of the area’s soils, forests, water, and wildlife as part of the competition. “By engaging students on real-world environmental issues, the annual Massachusetts Envirothon improves students’ problem-solving skills and creates lifelong passions for preserving and protecting our natural resources,” said state Energy and Environmental Affairs Secretary Matthew Beaton. “Massachusetts’ watersheds are vital sources of drinking water and native species habitat, and this year’s competition provides students with the opportunity to learn about their local watersheds and brainstorm solutions to keep them clean and safe.” At this outdoor field event, teams will rotate through four “ecostations” where they will answer written questions and engage in hands-on activities such as soil analysis, wildlife habitat assessment, tree identification, and water quality measures. Each team will have up to 10 participants and will split into specialized sub-teams during the competition, each focusing their efforts at different ecostations. At the fifth station, the Current Issue, each team will give a 15-minute presentation on “Partnering with Nature in Watersheds” to a panel of judges. Teams have been researching the Current Issue in their own community in preparation for their presentation. Each panel of judges includes concerned citizens and environmental professionals from government agencies, non-profit organizations, academia and private industry. Teams were asked to assess water infrastructure resources and needs, identify an important partnering opportunity, and make specific recommendations for action. “These teams work hard getting to know their local ecosystems and how their communities depend on them. We test their scientific knowledge, but we also like to hear their stories about how they have gotten muddy, cold, and tired, and otherwise had fun and fallen in love with nature in their neighborhood. The best hope for the future comes from engaged, scientifically literate citizens who care about their communities and the environment,” said Kelley Freda of the Mass. Department of Conservation and Recreation’s Division of Water Supply Protection and representative of the Massachusetts Envirothon Steering Committee. “The Envirothon is more than just a competition about environmental knowledge. Many teams have taken what they’ve learned and put it to work in an action/service project in their community. The program aims to prepare the next generation for the stewardship work that needs to be done,” said Freda. “And this annual competition actually becomes a festive gathering of the environmental community of Massachusetts. At informal lunchtime roundtables, teams will share stories from their EnviroTreks – places they visited, people they talked to, outdoor experiences, and service projects – during the past year.” The overall winning team will have the opportunity to represent Massachusetts in the North American Envirothon, which will be held July 22-28 in Pocatello, Idaho. The 2018 Massachusetts Envirothon is made possible through the contributions of partnering agencies and organizations, including financial support from the Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy & Environmental Affairs, the U.S. Forest Service, the Massachusetts Grange, Environmental Business Council of New England, Wegman’s supermarkets and local conservation districts. Fifteen federal and state environmental agencies, conservation districts, non-profit organizations, higher educational institutions, and businesses provide expertise and help organize the event. Dozens of volunteers will also be on hand on May 18th to handle all the event logistics from setting up tents, tables and chairs, checking-in teams, serving food, scoring tests and cleaning up. For more information on the Massachusetts Envirothon visit www.massenvirothon.org. 2018 PARTICIPATING TEAMS (as of April 26, 2018) Acton-Boxborough Regional High School, Acton Bristol County Agricultural High School, Dighton Brockton High School, Brockton David Prouty High School, Spencer Dighton Rehoboth Regional High School, North Dighton Doherty High School, Worcester Essex Technical High School – Natural Resource Management, Hathorne Fitchburg High School, Fitchburg Greater New Bedford Voc-Tech High School, New Bedford Greenfield High School, Greenfield Leicester High School, Leicester Lexington High School, Lexington Millbury Jr./Sr. High School, Millbury Newton North High School, Newton Newton South High School, Newton Norfolk County Agricultural High School, Walpole Oliver Ames High School, North Easton Pioneer Valley Regional School, Northfield Plymouth South High School, Plymouth Quabbin Regional High School, Barre Reading Memorial High School, Reading Rockland High School, Rockland Seekonk High School, Seekonk Shepherd Hill Regional High School, Dudley Somerset Berkley Regional High School, Somerset Southeastern Regional Voc-Tech High School, South Easton Springfield Central High School, Springfield Local teens to compete in 30th annual Mass. Envirothon on May 18th at Drumlin Farm Wildlife Sanctuary, Lincoln April 26, 2017 April 26, 2017 / dbpetit2 / Leave a comment Agricultural soil and water conservation is 2017 current issue LINCOLN, Mass., April 26, 2017 – Ask any teenager participating in this year’s Massachusetts Envirothon environmental education program and they’ll tell you that local agriculture is booming in Massachusetts. For the past school year, they’ve been researching farming in their communities – from urban community gardens to rural orchards and pastures, from row crops to working forests – and assessing its benefits and its effects on local land and water resources, ecosystems and biodiversity. Those 250 students from nearly 40 Massachusetts communities are headed to Mass Audubon’s Drumlin Farm Wildlife Sanctuary in Lincoln, Mass. on Thursday, May 18th to compete in the 30th annual Massachusetts Envirothon. At the event, they will present what they’ve learned about agricultural soil and water conservation, and test their knowledge of the area’s soils, forests, water, and wildlife. “For years, the Envirothon has been challenging Massachusetts students in an effort to educate and prepare solutions for environmental,” said Energy and Environmental Affairs Secretary Matthew Beaton. “By engaging today’s youth on subjects such as farming, we are ensuring the next generation will have the passion, dedication, and desire to ensure Massachusetts’ agricultural sector continues to thrive in every region of the state.” At the outdoor field competition event, teams will rotate through four “ecostations” where they will answer written questions and engage in hands-on activities such as soil analysis, wildlife habitat assessment, tree identification, and water quality measures. Each team will have up to 10 participants and will split into specialized sub-teams during the competition, each focusing their efforts at different ecostations. At the fifth station, the Current Issue, each team will give a 15 minute presentation on “Agricultural Soil and Water Conservation” to a panel of judges. Teams have been researching the Current Issue in their own community in preparation for their presentation. Each panel of judges includes concerned citizens and environmental professionals from government agencies, non-profit organizations, academia and private industry. Teams were asked to identify a soil and water conservation issue critical to their community, assess potential solutions, and make specific recommendations for action. “These teams work hard getting to know their local ecosystems and how their communities depend on them. We test their scientific knowledge, but we also like to hear their stories about how they have gotten muddy, cold, and tired, and otherwise had fun and fallen in love with nature in their neighborhood. The best hope for the future comes from engaged, scientifically literate citizens who care about their communities and the environment,” said Massachusetts Envirothon Steering Committee Chair Will Snyder of the University of Massachusetts Center for Agriculture, Food and the Environment. “Envirothon makes environment science relevant to students’ lives by connecting them to real places, real environmental issues, and real people who are working to protect the environment. It demonstrates how scientific understanding of how natural systems work can inform and inspire solutions to the environmental challenges we face today and in the future,” said Kris Scopinich, Director of Education, Mass Audubon. “We could not be more thrilled to host the next generation of conservation leaders at Mass Audubon’s Drumlin Farm. These students inspire all of us and keep us hopeful for our future.” “The Envirothon is more than just a competition about environmental knowledge. Many teams have taken what they’ve learned and put it to work in an action/service project in their community. The program aims to prepare the next generation for the stewardship work that needs to be done,” said Snyder. “And this annual competition actually becomes a festive gathering of the environmental community of Massachusetts. At informal lunchtime roundtables, teams will share stories from their EnviroTreks – places they visited, people they talked to, outdoor experiences, and service projects – during the past year.” Click here to download a printable version of this news release [PDF] 2016 Mass. Envirothon winners announced May 13, 2016 May 13, 2016 / dbpetit2 / 1 Comment Bay State teens show off their knowledge of the environment Local teenagers have been rewarded for their hard work and the environmental knowledge they gained in preparing for this year’s Massachusetts Envirothon, held on Thursday, May 12th at Hopkinton State Park, Hopkinton, Mass. The top scoring teams in the outdoor field competition have been announced. For the past school year, high school students across the Bay State have been studying soil, water, wildlife and forestry, as well as researching the role of human activity in the spread and control of invasive species as they participated in this environmental education program. At the event, teams rotated through four “ecostations” where they answered written questions and engaged in hands-on activities such as soil analysis, wildlife habitat assessment, tree identification, and water quality measures. Each team can have up to 10 participants who split into specialized sub-teams during the competition, each focusing their efforts at different ecostations. At the fifth station, the Current Issue, each team gave a 15 minute presentation on “Managing Invasive Species” to a panel of judges. Teams researched the Current Issue in their own community in preparation for their presentation. Judges included environmental professionals from government agencies, non-profit organizations, academia and private industry. Teams were asked to assess the effects of invasive species in their community and to recommend steps that their city or town and individuals, including young people, should take to address the issue. This year’s top scoring teams are: 1st place – Newton North High School 2nd place – Acton-Boxborough Regional High School 3rd place – Lexington High School Current Issue Presentation 1st place – Lexington High School 2nd place – Greenfield High School 3rd place – Newton North High School 4th place – Bedford High School 5th place – Andover High School Forestry Ecostation 2nd place – Newton North High School 3rd place – Newton South High School 4th place – Mount Greylock Regional High School 5th place – Pioneer Valley Regional High School Wildlife Ecostation 3rd place – Acton-Boxborough Regional High School Water Ecostation 1st place – Acton-Boxborough Regional High School 3rd place (tie) – Mount Greylock Regional High School and Quabbin Regional High School 4th place – Newton South High School 5th place – Pioneer Valley Regional School Soils Ecostation 1st place – Deerfield Academy 2nd place (tie) – Acton-Boxborough Regional High School, Newton North High School, Oliver Ames High School, Pioneer Valley Regional High School, Brockton High School / Wildland Trust 4th place (tie) – Mount Greylock Regional High School, Monson Environmental Action Team 5th place (tie) – David Prouty High School, Reading High School, Shepherd Hill Regional High School “The Envirothon not only increases awareness of significant environmental issues, such as the spreading of invasive species, but most importantly, it engages and challenges young minds to think and prepare for possible solutions for future generations,” said Matthew Beaton, Secretary of the Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs. The 2016 Massachusetts Envirothon is made possible through the contributions of partnering agencies and organizations, including financial support from the 2014 Massachusetts Environmental Bond Bill, the U.S. Forest Service, the Massachusetts Grange, Environmental Business Council of New England, Wegman’s supermarkets and local conservation districts.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11604
__label__wiki	0.617863	0.617863	Skadi Forum > Social Sciences > Politics & Geopolitics > Political Theory > Your Opinion on National Bolshevism? View Full Version : Your Opinion on National Bolshevism? Tuesday, July 23rd, 2002, 12:24 AM what do you think of it? cosmocreator If its the usual anti-racist marxist crap with just a more patriotic touch, then I dont need it. National socialism is completely capable of fighting capitalism without having to take loans from marxist Ideology. In Germany we also had national-Bolshewik fractions (even in the NSDAP) like the Strassers or Ernst Niekish. some were good Idealists and even fought as nationalists against the Poles in Freekorps. I just think NS is a much more sound and well thought Idea, that would make any other form of Socialism obsolete. national bolshevism is CERTAINLY not anti-racist. not in russia anyway. it is mainly very anti-semitic. it says that pure working class bolshevism was corrupted by jews and that now, jews in russia are trying to hijack capitalism for there own gains. i used to be a member of the national bolsheviks in russia. they are good people. i fight for many of there causes and they are going about stopping jewish-mafia-capitailsm very well. i left because they were too racist though. i do belive that jews are behind the mess russia is in today, but i do not hold all jews responsible for that. some jews are ok. i just hate the jewish capitalists who are bleeding russia naturul resources dry, then giving the money back to Israel! that money should be in the hand of the Soviet people, not in the hands of a few corrupt officials, capitailsts and jewish gangsters. As far as I know, the National Bolshewists of russia have nothing against mixing with other Races. being antisemitic (or against Jews) does not have to do with Racism, as the Palestinians and Stalin proved. "Racism" - or how we call it - "Racial awareness" does not tolerate the mixing with foreign ethnics. Its based on a Volk-community which has its roots in a common ethnic background and culture. It sounds more to me, as if they are just against the Jews because they are capitalists. there is no compromise for us with the Jew. No way ever! You believe Jews are behind the mess Russia is in today? Guess what - they were behind every mess Russia has been in since 1917. You think just because soviet Jews TALK like you want to hear it, that they are good and on your side. But they always followed their own agenda! they were the commisars who butchered millions of Russians. The were the Politruks in Red army who shot the russian soldiers! They were the ones who grabbed Russian soil and heritage and pillaged and raped it. you can say about the Tsars what you want, but these "autocrats" made Russia to what it is today. Or do you think some Jews from the ghetto would have done the same for the Russian ppl. They just sucked the Russian peasents dry over the centuries. Unfortunately you are following the wrong track and you have been mislead by red jew propaganda. If you love YOUR PEOPLE (and only they should be in the center of your thoughts) then you will one day have to turn away from Bolshewism. Life offers no simple answers. But if offesrs sometimes simple pictures. All u have to do is open your eyes. Look what communism did and what legacy it left behind and compare that to the few benefits it had. I think tens of millions of dead people are hardly wiorth it, to go through this again! I dont think Russia would survive it! About communism, i call myself communist because i want a return to the Soviet days of the 70's when the standard of life was better. i want the USSR back along with the hammer and sickle, the red army and the centrally planned economy. i am a marxist, but i realise that international marxism failed. there is little future for it (at least in the near future) so the only thinkg i can support would be something that will make russia great again and improve the quality of life for russian citizens. brezhnev style communism (although i don't like brezhnev) will bring russia a better future. About jews, it is true they have a lot to answer for in russia. IMO, the did TRY to hijack bolshevism in the early 20's, but lenin was only using them to fight the anti-semitic white armies. i know i keep saying this, but jews were badly persecuted in the USSR. it WAS NOT a jewish state. even if it was, if it was good for Russia, i wouldn't care. jews are now hijacking capitalism in Russia and are ruining the economy. it is a bleak future for Russia. the only thing we can hope for, is a return to days of food on the table and guranteed housing and employment. it may be a while before this comes though. Ederico Friday, July 26th, 2002, 06:45 PM Personally I still have to form my opinion on National Bolshevism (why don't they call it National Communism?). I am a Pan-European Nationalist and I still have to find an ideology which is better than Pan-European Nationalism in safeguarding the interests of a Nation and Race. If someone could explain the main ideals behind National Bolshevism, I could perhaps set my position on it. Personally I think it is a more digestable version of Communism for Nationalists. Since I do not agree with a totally centrally-planned economy, I still disagree with National Bolshevism. I believe that the State should be the main directing force in the National Economy, but Free Enterprise and Private Property must be mantained, as I consider them part of the rights of Citizens. The State must only intervene in the economy to safeguard the Common-Interest of the Nation and to increase the State's revenues to be able to redistribute these revenues to Social programs and other Economic, Infrustructural and Social projects. Saturday, August 3rd, 2002, 08:59 PM Well I hate national bolshevism, mostly because I am an internationalist, but also as a humanitarian. National Bolshevism is at least sometimes racist, I saw a National Bolshevist flag, just like the Nazi flag but with a Hammer and a Sickle replacing the swastika. It had the white circle for purity. Molusk (strange name) welcome to the board. Personally, I believe in international co-operation, obviously I am totally against removing nationalities as some Communists propose, and I am against undermining the integrity of the identity of a folk, by an influx of alien individuals into the folks living space. That creates tension, and it is the main cause for the rise of Racism. No one (or nearly) would hate others for their Racial being if each Ethnic and Racial group kept to their own living space, and protected the sovereignity as a Folk of their living space. What exactly do you mean by being Humanitarian? 88and308 Sunday, August 4th, 2002, 01:17 AM Originally posted by Dzerzhinsky 1. How can someone be "too racist"? 2. Yes, that's what some jews do--destroy the Earth for their wallets...not all jews, but some...the others cover for them (by owning/controlling the media)...still others put up sad stories of how they're always persecuted...and yet others cover the whole flank of the jewish people by disturbing the natural order of things (ie, multiculturalism). *ALL JEWS ARE OUR ENEMIES* 3. I agree...any wealth produced within a country should stay within that country to help its people (whether Russia, the US, or African countries--it doesn't matter) Jews don't care about other people though...as long as they have their money, the rest of us can rot! Sunday, August 4th, 2002, 05:41 PM I'm humanitarian in that I do not want to cause unecessary human suffering. Friday, August 9th, 2002, 09:37 PM Exactly what are the differences between National Socialism and National Bolshevism? Saturday, August 10th, 2002, 02:52 AM ..Isn't "Bolshevism" the opposite of "menshivism"? The Marxists had a split about 1910 +/- with the fewer in number ("mensheviks") staying in England and the majority (the "bolsheviks") going to Czarist Russia... There are two branches of Marxism: The menshiviks favored a peaceful transition to communism (becoming the Fabian socialists) and the bolsheviks favored violent revolution. Perhaps I am mistaken in this? Bolsheviks (as I understand it) are "collectivists", that is, the State owns/controls everything in accordance with (current) "plans" (ie, the "5 year Plan", etc) Socialists (not NS) prefer privately owned businesses and State-run assistance...some more than others. They do this for the good of the State. NS does this for the good of the People (the Volk), not the State. A "National Bolshevik" would be someone who advocates complete State control for the benefit of the original Race... Tchort Thursday, August 15th, 2002, 03:30 PM http://members.odinsrage.com/natbol/ That is the new (ie 2 day old;)) National Bolshevik site for the National Bolshevik Party here in the US. Read whats on that site for an explanation of National Bolshevism (especially the FAQ-I wrote 3/4 of it hehe) There will be many more images and articles added in the near future, but for now it covors the basics. In response to 88and308: Bolshevism was Lenin's contribution to Communism. National Bolshevism supports the Fascist/National Socialist of a single labor union and government controlled economy and a Communist style distrubition of land (that is land is directly sold to the people by the government itself). NatRev Sunday, February 9th, 2003, 10:03 AM I've been reading about a group called the American national Bolsheviks and I have to say that I agree with most of their policies if not all. I have always had more respect for hard line national Communists like Stalin more than I have for western liberal Marxists. I'd be interested to hear from anyone with any ideas or thoughts on this subject. Monday, February 10th, 2003, 10:00 AM Stalin was an advocate of "Socialism in one country", and so he was basically a state socialist. However, he also supported Russian patriotism, so you might call him a National Bolshevik. The Russian National Bolshevik Party mixes Communism and Russian Nationalism together, but publicly claims that it supports patriotism and not blood-nationalism - rather funny when they advocate killing Muslims, Russia for the Russians, deportation of the Jews and "the restoration of national power" :cool The Russian National Bolshevik Party also has an intellectual strain called "Eurasianism" - the second in command of the Russian NBP is the leader of the Eurasianist movement, and a lot of his stuff can be found here :http://www.arctogaia.com/public/eng/ more about Eurasianism can be found out about here: http://www.geocities.com/eurasia_uk/ National Bolshevism is a twisted cross of Pan European Nationalism and Bolshevik socialism that has its seeds in the Conservative Revolution in Germany. The Strasser brothers, who formed the left wing of the NSDAP in Germany were National Bolsheviks, some people have called Francis Parker Yockey a National Bolshevik, but I don't really see how that works when you consider in Imperium he thought Slavs weren't part of Europe. Ignore the crap about "Australian nationalism" (the guy who owns that site is an Arab actually, from what I know), but there should be some information about National Bolshevism here : http://www.alphalink.com.au/~radnat/index.html There's some more here : http://home.earthlink.net/~lrgoldner/nationalbolshevism.html Now I've gotta go. Hope there's enough there for you to get enough idea. Monday, July 28th, 2003, 12:55 PM Comrades in the east and comrades in the west, it is time for us to unite and fight the common adversary of the neo-liberal capitalist system. There no longer is such a thing as the Left or the Right, there is the System and the enemies of the System. I am one of the enemies of this System and I am asking you to see if you would be interested in a new web site I have set up designed to explore the ideals of National Bolshevism. Is National Bolshevism Communism or Fascism? Both Communism and Fascism are DEAD! They dies a long time ago, it is sad and pathetic to think that some folks still try to reviatlise these two lumbering dinosaurs through whatever methods. However from the twin ashes of these two ideals is borne national Bolshevism. Based on a variety of ideals and teachers, ranging from Lenin to Mosley, to Mao to Yockey, this ideal is the ONLY WAY FORWARD for European Nationalists. We are opposed to the McAmericanisation of Europe (including Russia), the increased amounts of US imperialism either through overt militarism or covert commercialism. We are PRO EUROPEAN, Not Russian, not German, not French, English or Irish... but EUROPEAN! We are different nations, this is true and we respect and intend to harness and cultivate these differences as this is what separates us for the Yankee colonists. Yet divided we will fall on our backs and let the USA take control of our lives and our childrens lives, united we stand against USA Imperialism. Join us in our fight for European awakening.... For an IMPERIUM, against IMPERIALISM! http://natbol.cjb.net neweuropa@europe.com all people are welcome to contribute ideas and discuss this concept, we are not anti AMERICAN, we are anti McAmerican Consumerist Imperialism. We welcome input from any North American disidents who oppose Capitalism and the Israel-USA coallition. Tuesday, July 29th, 2003, 03:27 AM Where were they when NATO shamelessly bombed the last national socialist state in Europe?.........Serbia.:grin:2guns Many National Bolsheviks helped fight for the Serbian side due the links culturally between Russia and Serbia. In fact Eduard Limonov made many guest appearance meeting Serbian troops, so much so that the Bosnian government put a bounty on his head of a significant amount of money, this making him somewhat of a hero amongst both Serbs and Russians. However, one thing is important to consider is that national Bolshevism now is not exclusively east Slavic, it is pro-European, pro-Worker and pro-Nationalist. Read the quote that Edric put up by Francis Parkey Yockey to fully understand national Bolshevik ideals. 'There now no longer is such a thing as the Left or the Right, there is only the System and the enemies of the System' Eduard Limonov Smash the New World Order Stríbog Tuesday, July 29th, 2003, 07:33 PM I have several question about this ideology: What is your model for a state? Representative government? Dictatorship of the proletariat? Autocracy? What is your view on currency? Can the government simply confer value on pieces of paper by saying it is so? Who issues the currency? How would your economic system work? A central planning agency? Who pays workers and farmers? Do private property rights exist? What about taxes? What does this ideology say about the state's military? Do citizens or "comrades" own weapons? I notice the concern over Africans and AIDS. I would like to point out that: - it is their own fault, as they make their own sexual choices - Africa's population faces much less of a crisis than do Europeans - Africa is no concern of ours, let them learn for themselves You criticize colonialism, but to avert this 'crisis' of which you speak, wouldn't a neo-colonialism be necessary to 'help Africa'? I understand your concern about an Americanized, global Scheißkultur of McDonald's and MTV. However, people are stupid, and unfortunately these things do appeal to many of them, and no corporation or government can change that. Do you think that a government should dictate to people what their culture should be? This is both unnatural and doomed to failure. I advocate voluntary separation and self-segregation of communities with different cultural values. You have given me a lot to think about and I will get back to you as soon as I get more time. Briefly; Africa, I am 100% behind you. I am not the sole contributor to the site and although I respect the other contributors, I may not agree with some of the stuff they say. Africa is a great land of opportunity yet it is being wasted by incompetent bumbling tribal warlords who are still stuck in neolithic times. The only reason we talk about Africa is to ensure that they are self-sufficient and no longer need hand outs from the west. I would prefer to see any financial aid from the west to go to the poverty stricken former soviet union as 1, they ARE the same people as us and 2, it would be beneficial to have them on OUR side. The Americanisation? Yes, people are generally stupid and will buy any old crap if it's packaged well enough. The only alternative is to produce somethings of equal if not higher value with a more moral and traditional approach. Replacing McDonalds with traditional food outlets with healthier and more environmentaly produced products etc.. The curse of colonialism is that the people we once 'owned' in former colonies, are now coming back to us and saying, oh you must give us this amount of money etc.. etc... personally, I think Africa would have been a whole lot safer if whites had colonised it on a much larger scale, as in America but this time not killing all the animals, (bufallo etc...) Personally, I do not own a weapon, if I had the opportunity to do so I think I would own one. But I think that it is wrong to be able to buy one as easily as one buys a big Mac as in the USA. I think you should go through a highly rigorous training exercise and should have some psychological tests to ensure that you are not going to kill some kids or something. Of course the NRA will moan and say that this is taking away their civil rights, yeah, well say that to the mothers that loose their kids through psychos with guns. Besides if you pass the tests, you keep your guns, no problem. If you're insane, you loose them. I think a more militant populace is important anyway, we may differ on some issues comrade but I think most sane people would be willing to support their nation and people in he hours of need instead of just being casual pedestrians. Or maybe that's just wishful thinking, I think some kind of 'Peoples Force' needs to be set up. I will answer your queries on economics soon. Thank you for your interest. Thursday, July 31st, 2003, 11:44 AM ARE YOU RACISTS? No. NBP in Russia do have Jews in the party, some in leading positions, and everyone is welcomed as National-Bolsheviks, regardless of ethnicity or origin. But we do recognize a Nation's or ethnicity's historical and cultural traditions and everything that it means. Because the mass immigration 'exodus' of the Third World is created by the Liberal-Capitalist power we see it as obvious that European nations help its blood sisters and brothers. The system is the cause of problems, not the Immigrants; they're victims of the purges by the World Capitalist dreadnought. We fight for them, for their right to a prosperous homeland. When the World Order is smashed (may that day dawn soon, inshallah) and the Third World countries liberated, the repatriation minimize Ethnic conflicts in the West and flow these undeveloped countries with the 'know-how' and intellectual power needed for social rebuilding. About 'race mixing': We National-Bolsheviks believe it's an individual choice whom a Comrade or Citizen decide to spread his or her offspring with. It isn't a political matter. However, we believe that all ethnicities (of aesthetical as well as natural reasons) should be preserved for the future generations, and an example of an endangered 'race' is the black Africans, that after hundred of years of Colonial oppression, slavery and now, through HIV and mass starvation, faces a long-term extinction. It's a matter of enormous proportions to be solved, for the best of Mankind and the Africans, but through the existing system this in entirely impossible. These little paragraphs are the biggest load of crap I've read all week. :D So- Jews are ok (especially as our leaders!), race-mixing doesn't present a problem to Europeans (as long as they're Bolshevik nonwhites!), blacks are going extinct (?!) and this would be terrible for mankind (LOL!). They need to get their heads out of their asses and take a look around. This appears to be yet another example of shifty jewboys convincing vodka-swilling retards that Coca Cola and McDonalds are the biggest threat to Russia/Europe. It's the same sh1t, new name. Hammer and sickle is more than a symbol, I'm sure both work plenty good during a pogrom. :jew Nordgau Thursday, July 31st, 2003, 12:51 PM [...] convincing vodka-swilling retards that Coca Cola and McDonalds are the biggest threat to Russia/Europe. It's the same sh1t, new name. I agree energical with this point. There's the French chief-thinker of the so-called "Nouvelle droite" (New right), Alain de Benoist, who gave a few years ago an interview to a right German newspaper. He spent great parts in telling how stupid "racism" and thinking in categories of races is, and that immigration is no threat for Europe!!! But the highlight of the interview was the sentence: "A new opened fastfood restaurant or supermarket [!!!] is a bigger threat for European culture than a new opened mosque in a European city is." The dangerous thing is that such ideas are chic among "intellectual" pseudo-rights who don't want to have to do anything with "stupid" "racism". All matters of race or already thinking of the simple fact that our race is in danger and that our European culture has its roots in our race are "primitive" and undicussable for them. In their anti-Americanism and anti-Globalism they hope to join together with the anti-Globalist left. But this calculation won't work, because the anti-Globalist left has no real interest in protecting the European culture and race, and works for just an other kind of Globalism: a left, anti-Capitalist "One World" with race mixing and enormous benefits of the Whites to all coloured countries, and at last for the destruction of everything that is regarded as exclusive and specific White and European in such a mixed and whirled Mestizo and Mulatto world. :stop Saturday, August 2nd, 2003, 01:35 PM Note: Despite the contents of this message to the contrary, I am not a National Bolshevik - I once was though, which is why I know it inside out :p In Defence of National Bolshevism Note: The site referred to by Jotunheim was created by a friend of mine, and is in no way representative of National Bolshevik ideals. I shall attempt to sum up National Bolshevism as follows: Europe and its native White Race, Authority, Hierarchy, Discipline, Power, Unity, Identity, Market Socialism, Russian Vanguardism, Potential, Excellence, Work, Fatherland, Family and Faith. Aye, Pan-European National Socialism on steroids :D Democratic Centralism. Cells formed at local level are organised into the Party, each cell elects a leader (the cell later becomes the basic unit of the revolutionary movement) to the regional council (I won't use the word soviet because National Bolshevism is more than socialism). Representatives, elected by the party membership, who come from the regional councils then meet together in the People's Congress, which elects the Supreme National Council. The base produces the leadership, and the base then follows the policies of the leadership. (note I just took that from the 1977 Constitution of the USSR, but I think that could work). Currency is issued by the State (that is, the People's Congress). Banks are nationalized. Workers run the industries and elect their managers, and the State gives rewards (extra holidays, better pay, shorter hours) to workers or groups of workers who produce above a State set production aim. The State handles the distribution of products to points of sale, and value is determined by supply and demand. The State owns all property including land and resources, and rents out property to its citizens - this is essentially the same as taxation in any form - the difference is, this is acknowledged. There is no illusion of 'property rights', such rights do not exist, control is power, property only exists once it is institutionalised, which is torn away the second involuntary taxation is introduced (note you go to prison if you don't pay your taxes...). Property used against the aims af the State (survival, enhancement, expansion of the People from which it arose) is considered treason. Private Enterprise based on renting land and resources from the State on a contract basis is also considered legal - the National Bolshevik Party advocates a mix between Market Socialism and Lenin's New Economy Policy. Citizens. Comrade is the name used to refer to a Party member. Citizenship would be granted upon completing a term of National Service (either civil or military), which would grant an individual the right to private economic enterprise, voting rights, the right to be candidate to public office The difference between Proletarian Internationalism and Bourgeois Internationalism here applies. Proletarian Internationalism does not involve forcefully occupying other countries, toppling their Governments and imposing one's Political and Social structure on another. Proletarian Internationalism is international cooperation between Peoples towards a common aim - in National Bolshevism, the common aim is rejection and destruction of the Judeo-American Empire and the destruction of those who benefit from it, and the ressurection of Europe, free of foreign influence and infestation. People are not stupid - they have been conditioned to be "stupid". The average White Joe and Jane living next door are not inherently dumb, they are raised in a Culture which promotes the contradictions of sensory hedonism and mass-utilitarianism, social atomism and tolerance to the point of capitulation, Statist Patriotism and Cultural Nihilistic Internationalism. National Bolshevism does not seek to destroy any cultures, rather it wishes to promote those cultural trends which are native and positive to the well-being of the European People. Sunday, August 3rd, 2003, 03:54 AM Why is it called Bolshevism? That will always have a negative meaning. One should choose a better name. It is called Bolshevism because we favour aspects of Marxist-Leninism over other ideologies - Market Socialism, NEP economy, the Vanguard of the Revolution, cell networks, Democratic Centralism, total mobilization of the population for the revolution. The 'Bolshevism' in National Bolshevism serves also to distinguish it from National Socialism, which NB's view as heavily ethnocentric, and historically destructive to Europe and the white race. National Bolshevism is heavily built on pan-white internationalism (i.e. white nationalism without regards to borders), which is a characteristic of Marxism (they use it in a class sense though; we use it in a racial and civilizational sense), not NS. National Bolshevism is hostile to all forms of 'open society' (i.e. a society which places primacy of the individual as supreme, neglecting the organic nature of communities, nations and civilizations), and draws many ideas from Plato (national service as requirement for citizenship), Marx (free development for each is the prerequisite for the free development of all), Hegel (destiny, history as struggle, national spirit), Yockey (Europe as a unified civilization, culture theory, anti-Judaism), Lenin (vanguard of the revolution, cell networks, NEP economics), Ernst Jünger (the Worker, the Rebel and the Anarch), Julius Evola (military virtues over bourgeois virtures, traditionatlism), Nietzsche (the idea of the übermensch fits in nicely with Lenin's Vanguard of the Revolution) and Mao (total mobilization of the nation to drive out foreign occupational forces). Monday, August 4th, 2003, 01:55 AM Quite simply, people ARE stupid. The fact that they can be so easily indoctrinated and manipulated like cattle IS a sign of intellectual deficiency. The average Joe and Jane of any race or ethnicity has no appreciation of higher culture, and never has. Their concerns are day-to-day living and success, and this includes both the poor and rich; crude or cheap entertainment, from Roman bread and circus to the medieval joust to the NFL; and some kind of vague religion/belief system to fill their simple minds. This takes the form of "simple faith" seen in Christianity and Islam, as well as the mindless, unquestioning patriotism seen in Europe prior to World War I, as well as the sickening displays in post-9/11 America. I don't trust or respect humanity enough to assume anything but the worst with respect to political systems and cultural establishments. Scáthach i'm not sure if i would be so quick to call that sort of life ''stupid'' or to regard the people living it to be ''stupid'' either. ''Their concerns are day-to-day living and success.'' One could take the line that that sort of approach to living is infact far more intelligent than trying to search vainly in the dark for higher meaning and the key to life. That the average Jane and Joe are just getting along and doing ok and are maybe even content with that is not really a sign of stupidity in my mind. Yes, they may not read Dostoevsky or Chaucer and may prefer Eastenders to Wagner, but if theyre actually happy and content in this lifestyle is it indicative of something much larger? Because the Jones' at number 5 arent the brightest does that really mean the Mulvaneys up the road and so on are the same? I dont neccesarily think so. I really think a lot of people are under rated, either that or we may tend to over rate our very selves.. I dont think a full knowledge of how Marxism works or doesnt work is more benefical or endearing in a person than a good personality or a good sense of humour for instance. Someone could be well versed in all chapters of political ideology but may still be socially inadequate, a balance is certainly needed, ascertaining how to create one is another matter entirely. Basically, what im saying is that the average people may not have great knowledge of politics or great interest in Nietszche, but it may just be that they have a far better grasp of the Real Politik than many well-read aspiring commies/fascists have. I dont believe people are stupid overall at all. I accept i dont live in America and it appears to be infered that the less intelligent people are there in their McAmerican states but surely it stands to reason that most people who had their interest priqued by a time in history or a political sytem could easily get thier heads around it, rather they simply havent because they have no real interest in politics/history/etc and are busy trying to pay the bills. ''We are PRO EUROPEAN, Not Russian, not German, not French, English or Irish... but EUROPEAN!'' why is it not possible to be both? why should one's loyalty lie with Europe first and their country second, when for atleast 90% of the people the nation is the homeland and of far more importance than the whole of Europe. Is the assumption/worry that a united Europe would be put in danger of rival nations and their desires splitting/causing trouble for a united Europe if people thought of their nation first and Europe secondly? ''We are different nations, this is true and we respect and intend to harness and cultivate these differences as this is what separates us for the Yankee colonists. Yet divided we will fall on our backs and let the USA take control of our lives and our childrens lives, united we stand against USA Imperialism'' I would hope the only reason The National Bolsheviks intend to harness these things is not afterall, as merely a 'defence' to America, the nations should be preserved for their own sake and their preservation cannot be possible if people are preserving them for their own ends rather than for what the nation is and what it represents. If people came to strongly favour Europe over their nation who is to say it would not be through this behaviour that nations and culture dwindled rather than from a threat or action from America? Theres always Racial Socialism. OnionPeeler NB is not an 'ideology' at all so much as a hodge-podge of conflicting sources often wrongly asserted or interpretted. Their aim appears to be an umbrella - already in tatters. NB is also not 'pan-European' as any one here would understand it. Absent from this discussion, but of primary concern, is NB's "geopolitical" theorizing. In the east, and at a generous best, it might be pan-Slavic. Built into the conjectures is an assumed, if not desired, East/West rivalry which can only been seen as the seed of Europe's next fratricidal war - should NB prevail in the East. Further, some 'theorists' extend bloc competition with out regard to culture or race. Our Russian friends caught up in the web of NB need to understand one thing: culture can be rebuilt, people can not. It is not McDonald's or MTV which will destroy "Russia", but negative population growth and continued immigration. One of the fundamental expressions of power in the natural world is natural increase. With out it, you're playing chess in a burning building. Left are right are dead as classification? This is either profound or nonsensical. "Left" and "Right" are binary simplification, basically a variation of 'us' and 'them.' Of course, there is no left and right, but a collection of operable forces. The most brilliant and educated human mind will gravitate to bifurcation where conflict is involved. This is natural. Marx used it. Bush uses it. But NB thrives on blurring 'traditional' distinctions and arrives at confusion where otherwise 'left' and 'right' serve just fine. The notion of a continuous revolution justified by Hegelian progression is extremely dangerous. The 20th Century provides numerous examples of suicidal purges in the name of dogma. The drive of ideologues to forge humans to meet lame theory gave us the starvation of the Ukraine, Mao's Cultural Revolution and the Cambodian killing fields. It creates a plethora of 'internal' enemies to be constantly extirpated. That said, if you want practical, recent advice on revolution, then the communist examples and Comintern are prime material. Also the French Resistance. But these are practical examples, not ideological. Also beware: mere immitation is not a good idea. For every 'advance' of tactics, a counter is developed. Dogma must defer to nature. Not the reverse. This is 'right wing.' "Naturam non vinces nisi parendo." (You will not master nature unless you obey it.) -- Roger Bacon Thursday, August 7th, 2003, 01:18 AM Exactly that. Possibly. I'm not NB though. I'm just playing pro-NB because apart from Jotunheim (I think) I don't know of any NB's here. OP is right - NB is not pro-European, but essentially Pan-Slavist. It's the Occidental version of NB that I've expounded here, not the Eurasianist - which I do not like. That said I wouldn't mind a drastic reduction in US national power and a fall in the effects of cultural imperialism. But OP is definetly correct in suggesting the Communist movement is a prime source of revolutionary tactics and strategies - they were at it for decades more than the nationalist movement was. The reason why I said we are pro-European rather than pro-Russian etc... is to show people that despite the facts that NB evolved primarily in Germany and Russia, we are not exclusive to those countries. I see no problem with being pro-European and pro-Irish, English, Spanish etc. in fact the two ideals are not only compatible but essential! But what is a Nation? Is it language, culture, ideology, tradition or what? We are not anti-Nationalists, nor do we propose a united STATE of Europe as Mosley indicated; rather we look at Europe in a Strasserite view in the essence of a United STATES of Europe. Indeed, we are not only in existence to counter NWO-Yankee imperialism, rather we assume that we are the logical step forward from both the extreme right and the extreme left. We understand that some of our terminology may not be appealing to some people, admittedly we openly use traditional 'leftist' terms and utilise a number of their ideals; yet we are neither left, right or even centrist for that matter. However, the terms Left and Right in reality mean those that work for the benefit of the Community (Left) and those that work for the benefit for the Individual (Right). This ideal is an economic one and in fact leads one to conclude that political beliefs such as fascism and national socialism which prescribe a philosophy of 'all for the state, everything for the state, nothing against the state' and 'common good over individual good' are in this instance LEFT wing in context. The true Right wing extremists, economically speaking, are the neo-liberal 'yuppie scum' Capitalists that only care for themselves and how much money they can make! They have no regard for the Community as a whole, whether socially or racially; they'll sleep with anyone and deal with anyone as long as financially it's in their own interests! We openly seek a better future for the European people, whether you call them Volk or Proletariat, it's the same to us. Towards IMPERIUM - Against IMPERIALISM OP is right - NB is not pro-European, but essentially Pan-Slavist. It's the Occidental version of NB that I've expounded here, not the Eurasianist - which I do not like. That said I wouldn't mind a drastic reduction in US national power and a fall in the effects of cultural imperialism. But OP is definetly correct in suggesting the Communist movement is a prime source of revolutionary tactics and strategies - they were at it for decades more than the nationalist movement was.[/QUOTE] American National Bolsheviks: Sunday, August 10th, 2003, 03:38 AM In all this connection with National-Bolshevism I just want to mention the German thinker Ernst Niekisch. Niekisch's name often is mentioned in Germany when the catchword NB comes up, especially NB in Weimar Germany. However, I think, he never called himself a NB, but more a National-Revolutianary. He tried to connect real völkisch-national ideas with direct left-socialist revolutionarism of Marxist origin, and he also was for an alliance of Germany and Russia against "the West". He must be counted without doubt to the important political thinkers of the Weimar "Conservative Revolutionaries" (A. Mohler), in one place with Spengler, Jünger and others. I must admit that I never read his works, except for smaller excerps, and that I only know his ideas through secondary literature, essays, books, articles about political thinking in the area between the wars - through second hand, if you want so. It speaks for Niekisch's ideas, that the IDGR, the "Information service against right-wing extremism", a quite "official" little left encyclopedia about "right-wing extremism" in the Internet, counts him as such a "right-wing extremist", though he was quite in opposition against the National Socialists and played a part in the GDR in the first half of the Fifties. The today (always somehow multiculturalist, and in Germany aggressiv anti-Nationalist) Lefts really seem to have given him up as "ideological father" in all respects. To stress this: In the Net there's also a scientific work about Niekisch's ideas mentioned which's title speaks volumes: Ernst Niekisch. Völkischer Sozialismus, nationale Revolution, deutsches Endimperium [Ernst Niekisch. Folkish Socialism, National Revolution, German Ultimate Imperium] (Author: Pittwald) Sounds good, lol, even if it doesn't seem to be written from a very friendly position - the publishing-house is obviously quite left. Tuesday, September 2nd, 2003, 11:08 AM "These little paragraphs are the biggest load of crap I've read all week. So- Jews are ok (especially as our leaders!), race-mixing doesn't present a problem to Europeans (as long as they're Bolshevik nonwhites!), blacks are going extinct (?!) and this would be terrible for mankind (LOL!). They need to get their heads out of their asses and take a look around. This appears to be yet another example of shifty jewboys convincing vodka-swilling retards that Coca Cola and McDonalds are the biggest threat to Russia/Europe. It's the same sht, new name." I wrote this text, and I must say that your criticism is rather worthless. 1) If a French individual chose to fk a Chinese, then it's his/her problem, but we don't encourage it. You got problems with that? As one of your friends wrote about Africans: "It's their own sexual choice". Exactly, and the same applies for whites then, I guess. 2) I don't say that Jews SHOULD be our leaders. They already are, by the way. But if a "good" Jew, like my NB comrade Lindermann, is to be a future leader of Russia or Latvia (his homeland), that's not a problem to me. Jews are not genetically evil, and there's no proof that they are either. 3) I clearly state that the "exodus" to Europa is a problem, but the origins of this problem must be adjusted at its roots; the NWO. The problem of Africa isn't entirely "blood-thirsty warlords", but the artificial borders of African countries, made up by the imperial powers in Berlin 1881, and today the Neo-Liberal policies in Africa (WTO, the World Bank, IMF). It's a fundamental problem with Africa; it's artificial borders made up by the West, and the economical exploitation. Not only the Negro's genetical heritage, but the socio-economical milieu. 3) So it's no problem if blacks are extinct? It appears to me that you're just a Yankee computer nazi without any clear ideology. So the world is a battle of Race, only Whites (what the hell that is) should remain in the world; all Chinese, Latins, Negros and Arab-Semites could just as well DIE? No offense, but I find that standpoint utterly pathetic. This is a world of Life-forms and Mankind. You, as a National-Socialist and Naturalist can't have the opinion that ANY specimen or race in the ecological system should be extincted by artificial means, it's against all Natural principles. Africa is the home of Negroes, as Europa is the home of the Germanics, Slavs, Finno-Ugrics and Spanic-Latins. "Of aesthetical as well as natural reasons" all RACES AND ETHNICITIES MUST BE PRESERVED. You got some problem with that...? A National-Bolshevik directly or indirectly fight for every people's right to a homeland on Earth; if they're Germanic, Semitic-Sumerian, African, Arab, Slavic or whatever doesn't matter. They all, just as "we", have the right to their home, undisturbed by the Cosmopolite Capitalist Order and its anarchic-chaotic plans and ideals. National-Socialists of Europa acknowledge this too, when they send people to fight in Iraq, a.e. Legion Wasa in Sweden and some Arrow-Crossers in Slovenia and Hungary, but I don't know if they really went there. Regarding Neo-Colonialism of Africa: this may well be necessary to try to "make things right". Not for our own, selfish Racial reasons, but for the sake of Mankind and Natural order. A "Neuordnung" of the world is indeed very necessary, even if some American nazis perhaps think that "things are good as they are, only if the Negros, Jews and Latinos could stop disturbing us Whites!". Tuesday, September 2nd, 2003, 05:53 PM Thank you. :) I must say your ideology is rather worthless. :D 1) If a French individual chose to fk a Chinese, then it's his/her problem, but we don't encourage it. You can not encourage something, but that isn't the same as discouraging. 2) I don't say that Jews SHOULD be our leaders. They already are, by the way. But if a "good" Jew, like my NB comrade Lindermann, is to be a future leader of Russia or Latvia (his homeland), that's not a problem to me. Jews are not native to Russia or Latvia and shouldn't be leading those nations. I would not support a group with a jewish leadership anymore than I would black or Chinese. 3) ............... It's much simpler: Africa is poor and shtty because it is full of negroes. Europe is wealthy and stable because it is full of Europeans. Negroes, rather than doing actual work to improve themselves and their surroundings simply relocate to wherever the goodies are. So it's no problem if blacks are extinct? Maybe it is for them, not for me. I would not cry over it. They've had a good time to evolve, but personally I don't see it happening anytime soon. I don't understand how it is in our ("white" people) interest to save them from AIDS and starvation. So they can thank us by reproducing more and sending their excess population to European lands? When there is a natural disaster in Europe/North America, how much effort does Africa put in to save whites? Little to none, and any aid is likely from white colonials. Ask most people on this forum how they would feel if suddenly every black person on earth died or magically disappeared and you'll get pretty even answers: either :shrug or :clap It appears to me that you're just a Yankee computer nazi without any clear ideology. I suppose I should become a Jew-loving communist Nazi-wannabe just to have a "clear" ideology, rather than thinking for myself and forming my own opinions. :D So the world is a battle of Race, only Whites (what the hell that is) should remain in the world; all Chinese, Latins, Negros and Arab-Semites could just as well DIE? Hmm.. so negroes are a special distinct group we should all rally around saving from the evils of imperialism (which account for all Africa's problems including low IQ, AIDS) but as for whites it's "what the hell that is." If Chinese, Latins, Negros and Arab-Semites die I could care less. Let them take care of themselves. You can't have the opinion that ANY specimen or race in the ecological system should be extincted by artificial means, it's against all Natural principles. As far as I know, AIDS is a natural phenomenon. Starvation and overpopulation are the result of stupidity, also natural. "Of aesthetical as well as natural reasons" all RACES AND ETHNICITIES MUST BE PRESERVED. You got some problem with that...? It shouldn't be my burden to preserve other races, particularly those who hate and envy mine and have the ability to (maliciously or benevolently) destroy it. Forest-dwelling rodents would not have "Save the Owls" campaigns. :) National-Socialists of Europa acknowledge this too, when they send people to fight in Iraq, a.e. Legion Wasa in Sweden and some Arrow-Crossers in Slovenia and Hungary, but I don't know if they really went there. We should be willing give our lives for the principle of freedom, no matter for whom? So why do you not go to Liberia? And you can explain all this to the people chasing you with a machete so they can kill and eat you. :) A "Neuordnung" of the world is indeed very necessary, even if some American nazis perhaps think that "things are good as they are, only if the Negros, Jews and Latinos could stop disturbing us Whites!". Well, what can I say about you American nazis? I support your struggle in America, and I really hope the Race War over there will occur. Everything that is hostile to the stability of the American government and it's capital lackey organizations is good to me. However; this "I don't care about them"-approach is what won't make me go Nazi, whatever the cause is. I think globally, you think racially. I have a stronger emotional connection to the Palestinian people than to my racial brothers of America. I'm "sorry", but that's it. What really differs me from a Nazi is that I regard the Economical and Social factors as well as a sense of justice of the oppressed people of the world; not oppressed by White man himself, but the Western world governments and capitalist organizations. You, as American, really think U.S is doing great in the world, if only the "jewish/zionist plague" could disappear. When you blame Africa's problem on low IQ, I blame it on the socio-economical order that the Third world has been enforced to live under for 400 years and so, and logically my answer is much better in every aspect than yours. 10 or so higher average IQ by white people isn't very problematic. But to you Nazis that too isn't a problem, because "Might is Right", and because White man had the might to enslave Negros and Latinos, it's their right to do so. It's a matter of Selfish Natural Order contra Global Collective Natural Order, and we can never convince eachother about either of us being right. An Ideology of a geopolitical "lebensraum" for all people on Earth is a better one than one of economical and racial supremacy, which won't benefit any life-form on the planet. At least if we are discussing the issue from a Utilitarian perspective, and when discussing global matters; you should. I don't get why anti-Nazis and leftists always want to attach themselves to the Palestinians. They'd probably throw rocks at you, too. :brick Please, don't call me "leftist". It's rather pathetic in most aspects. It obvious that you don't even read my answers, or don't understand what it means (or try too). And no; Palestinians often treat foreigners there with the agenda to support them with respect and gratitude. That I know, because I was vaguely involved in ISM once. Wednesday, September 3rd, 2003, 02:30 AM "But to you Nazis that too isn't a problem, because "Might is Right", and because White man had the might to enslave Negros and Latinos, it's their right to do so." Why do you blame Whites for slavery? All races have and are enslaved. Slavery still exists. Always have always will. And dont call us "Nazi's." Because we are not "Nazi's." Only liberals and Jews call us that. NB has nothing to offer the right. It avoids the "left/right" dichotomy only by being a poorly designed ideology. Marxism without determinism, national geopolitics without national survival? What exactly is NB? No one seems to really know. The bottom line is that the continued solicitations by NBs to the right will yield few recruits. NB is a weak attempt at detente between extreme right and left. There is an irony in the origins of Marxism and National Socialism. Marxism is supposed to be grounded in science but turns to emotional pandering in practice. NS is born out of romantic love of soil, folk and nation and then turns stone cold rational in defining it. If we are to believe Marx, his 'scientific socialism' is scientific, certain and deterministic. But in practice, and because even thorough indoctrination yields only superficial result, it was necessary to appeal to people's emotions. Social ills, disparity, justice, and oppression are all dragged out to 'win' the convert - not a scientific ideology. It is classic peasant uprising made over by a small 'ideological' elite. Generally, a scientific theory is ajudged flawed if it has no predicitive utility (confirmation). Here Marx was wrong over and over. Europeans did not rise up. El Salvadoran mountain peasants did. Ironically, many such movements had a nationalistic flavor. The Vietnamese, ANC, IRA, and others come to mind. National Bolshevism represents a failed attempt to merge elements of right and left into a coalition. The problems are myriad: 1) NB has no coherent 'ideology' despite its claims 2) the leftist elements of NB are opposed to basic tenets of the right 3) NB has nothing to offer a well-defined right 4) NB appears to endorse geopolitical ambitions over cultural, racial and national survival. The right, by contrast, finds its origin in love of family and homeland --- something everyone relates to. When it seeks justification it gravitates directly to nature, biology and Darwin. As sciences, these all have a genuine scientific pedigree and a solid gronding in evidence: physics --> chemistry --> DNA ---> Darwin Darwin --> reproduction --> competion --> genetic altruism more questionably: ....--> sociobiology Compare this to the Marxist assertion that human behavior is economic behavior wherein the supporting evidence is history as interpretted with the assumption that the original assertion is correct. See the problem for old Karl? Circular brain cannibalism. None of modern sociology, economics, political 'science', psychology has any scientific merit. They are led by shamans, hucksters and liars. If pyschiatrists were subjected to the same malpractice rigors as surgeons, they'd be rapidly (and mercifully) out of business. The only high level (mid level?) theory which has endured is Darwin's evolution. It is a general assertion not subject to singular Popperian negation. There are mountains of supporting evidence. The are relatively few exceptions which are attributed as unexplained or contradictory. In the latter case, the sheer variability of life systems is culprit. There is a case, for example, of a lioness 'adopting' an orphaned gazelle (aaahhh, how cute), but the complexity of mammalian nervous systems allows for such behavioral experimentation and ... at any rate ... the anomolous behavior is still subject to evolutionary correction. (The adoption only lasted a few days.) As for Deling ...stronger emotional connection... Glad you can admit it. ...logically my answer is much better in every aspect than yours... Define 'better'? Sooo....you don't care about your racial brothers vis-a-vis Palestinians. You contradict yourself. Tell ya what, since you think 'globally' drop the "National" from NB so we can see the real you as in .... ...I regard the Economical and Social factors as well as a sense of justice of the oppressed people of the world... ...I blame it on the socio-economical order that the Third world ... ...It's a matter of Selfish Natural Order contra Global Collective Natural Order... Peasant pandering, environmental apologetics, grand Utopianism. Classic Marxist-Leninist tripe. Please, don't call me "leftist". Why not? You're not winning the 'right' here. May as well admit to what you are. Incidentally, how is your Utopian world order any better than the NWO? Subtract capitalism, add a 'peasant' movement, and yours is hardly distinguishable. Fortunately, both are unrealistic. People will continue to be self-interested no matter what indoctrination you pitch. It's only a matter of power before your notions of international social justice turns ugly. Animal Farm. The champions of the 'oppressed' come to power and promptly oppress the perceived bourgeois. Darwin always wins. It's just a matter of form. IrishNationalist: I don't blame White man for the slavery. I wrote: "I regard the Economical and Social factors as well as a sense of justice of the oppressed people of the world; not oppressed by White man himself, but the Western world governments and capitalist organizations." I called Ladygoeth nazi, it wasn't something personal to you others. Sorry for that. OnionPeeler: Well, really: NB has nothing to offer the right, in that case you're "right". But if I turn that question around: what can Racialists offer the world? It's clear that ordinary people doesn't like the Darwinist ideals of yours and your brother organizations. Instead National-Bolshevism, though it IS NOT a distinctive ideology (as you said, but theory is "on the way"), is steadily winning support in Russia and the former Soviet states, even attracting much activists from the Russian nationalist organisation RNU. The future surely looks brighter for National-Bolshevism than National-Socialism, and the answer to "why?" is rather simple: an ideology or movement to be successful, must base it's political world-view up-to-date with society. A.e: Marxism and it's focus on the Proletariat was right in time at the 19th Century; Fascism, with it's hybrid of Authoritarian statism and socialism was right in time too, when the former order of Europa fell after the First World War. My question is: Has Racialism any social grounds for it's political progress? Especially in our Liberal-Hedonist-Multi Culti societies? Hard question to answer, but perhaps in America there is a future for White Nationalism. In Europa there isn't; only for some Right-Populists and National-Democrates. "National" to Bolshevism is logical. We believe in a world of National-states after the Revolutions. It's instead Racialists and "National"-Socialists that should change the word "national", because you don't care about national borders anyway, just racial frontiers. How can I know if our Utopia is "better" (from whose point of view, by the way?) than the NWO? It should be to Mankind's all Volk, if we look at the question from an Utilitarian perspective again. Free nations without any forced multi-culturalism or conflicts risen from Above. I don't want to win the "right" either. The right, for a European, is a Conservative or a Neo-Liberal, in extreme senses a Right-Populist. The National-Socialists and National-Democrates call themselves "beyond left and right", just as we. You must be American if you use that term to yourself. You see: there's a difference between Europeans and Americans in politics, exceeding the Racial border. It's a matter of Culture, in this aspect. Thursday, September 4th, 2003, 04:37 AM I'm well aware that Europeans like to chuckle over American left/right definitions as 'simplistic', as if they are immune to classification on these continuums. I'm also aware that it's fashionable to talk of 'beyond left and right.' Limonov's declaration, however, is silly. Let's swap one bifurcation for another, says he. Let's stand against 'the system', says he. Please. Same dog, different coat. That is, denounce one system of classification and introduce another. I'm not saying an ideology can't have both left and right wing elements (see neo-conservatism), just that Europeans don't like to admit that indeed there is a constellation of dichotomies which map "left and right." Europeans lecturing Americans on immature polity is a bit much. It is Europe, not America, which has produced the most horrific examples of simplistic extremism the world has ever seen. Until recently, Anglo-Saxon politics tended to practicality. Continentals have always been more prone to formulaic "answers." How many tens of millions died in your NS and communist experiments? The 'peoples' wisdom certainly shines through in the French Revolution and now you talk of more "revolutions" as if the result will be something good? You over-estimate NB. A merging between RNU and NB is impossible unless one is destroyed. The temporary cooperation between 'new right' and 'old left' is severly strained and stems not from common 'ideology' via Dugin, but from marginalization and desparation. The LEFTIST bent of NB is incompatible with blood-and-soil nationalism, and it is incompatible with its own RIGHTIST bent. You are aware that Russian NB has territorial ambitions? What difference if it is masked in 'ideology' and revolution (again). Estonia will not welcome a new Moscow hegemony. What will you tell them? "Oh no! This is NATIONAL Bolshevism. It's GOOD for you." "The new Eurasian empire will be constructed on the fundamental principle of the common enemy...." --- Dugin "Russia cannot exist outside of its essence as an empire, by its geographical situation, historical path and fate of the state." --- Ivashov You seem to believe that NB has something GOOD for all mankind. You state this as if : 1) ...it as an absolute truism. It doesn't matter if people like Darwin or not, evolution is operable. No ideology can be operable even if the whole world swears by it. Groups will continue to compete. New oppressors replace the old. The game of survival goes on. 2) ...it can be delivered. Another Marxist-like End of history. Triumph. Like the European fairy tale "... they all lived happily ever after." IF ONLY we follow this or that ideology, all will be well. But are you aware that Dugin's "organic democracy" requires ethnic homogeneity? This doesn't bother me. It's one of the few sensible things he says (He borrowed it from de Benoist). But on top of 'empire' and America as evil dragon, we now add an internal enemy. Getting rid of those pesky minorities will provide the new Bolsheviks with sizable crop of kulaks. The problem is that Dugin can, in the same breath, reject ethnicity and endorse homogeneity within the 'nation.' Keep in mind that NB also REDEFINES nation. It is become a 'geopolitical' bloc which can conveniently ignore ethnicity or require it. Go figure. "In all the cases the question is about the geo-political and cultural nation interpretation, free from even hints on the racism, jingoism or aiming at 'ethnic purity'." -- Dugin When you say... ...an ideology or movement to be successful, must base it's political world-view up-to-date with society. you admit to the transient and disposable nature of ideology, including NB. Why bother with ideology at all? If it has no social, economic or governing utility, if it has no underlying evidentiary or empirical support, then it isn't theory at all. It is a mere convenience. So at least be honest enough to further admit that NB begins with the intent of duping the masses. It is merely today's vehicle of choice. I don't want to win the "right" either. Of course you do. That's the purpose of political discourse. That's why any NB would come here. That's why you try to link Bolshevism with nationalism. That's why Russian NB approaches RNU. That's why NB met (unsuccessfully) with de Benoist. No right, indeed. And finally, the imperialism prebuilt into NB does not interpret inevitable geopolitical confrontation, it ENGINEERS it. And the language of that confrontation is ugly from the start. "... geo-political confrontation with Mammon, the Atlantic West demon, the perverted "cosmopolitical Capital’s angel'..." And this is 'good' for who? Shall we start digging the trenches (and the graves) for yet another fratricidal European war? The truth is NB is not ideology, but Soviet nostalgia. Even in its origin it's more of an anti-ideology than anything substantive. It is based, not on the Jew Popper's philosophy of science, but on his even more dubious 'open society' which has kinship with libertarianism. Hence, NB is "anything against" libertarianism. This is why it does not makes sense and likely never will. -edit As you may have guessed, I don't like 'ideologies' which fail to seek out natural confirmation. I'm not NS. But until we come up with something better, NS plus a tinge of pan-Europeanism is far superior to NB. Well... what can I say? You got me! ^_^ "So at least be honest enough to further admit that NB begins with the intent of duping the masses." Because N-B is not a comprehensive ideology, but fragments of ideological pieces put together, this is true. NBP got a very socialist-nationalist populist stance, with PR coups and extreme actions aimed to get attention in the media. the N-B movement is in the same situation as the early NS movement; it doesn't got any real ideology. It's to good Limonov exist to fix this mess, but he isn't a Hitler, even if he has written several "Mein Kampf's" (a.e 'Second Russia') in prison. The reason why NBP don't want to form an ideology yet, is that ideology creates borders, and NBP can't have borders yet to operate freely. In the future, when the Russian NB movement has a foot-hold in society, the question of distinctive ideology can be put to discussion. But until then NBP uses their existing NB programme with it's principles, and really; in the Realpolitik Russian atmosphere this is doing only good. Alexander Dugin is off NBP. He has nothing to do with it anymore. He was a Neo-Liberal infiltrateur all the time, working for an American academic think-tank. Today he is an advisor for Putin's government. In Russia, most National-Bolsheviks are Nationalists, with a sense of Soviet nostalgia. The decadence of Russia since the glasnost period is clear to anyone who lives or have been in Russia. But NBP doesn't want to recreate the former Soviet Union, like the Communist wants. NBP wants a New Russia, and like the Bolsheviks of 1917 they want the ideals of this New Russia to spread to Europa as well. That's the fundamental basis of the NB Eurasia concept. It's antagonistic to all dogmatic ideologies; let it be NS, Marxism or Racialist dogmatism. Yes, indeed! I state that National-Bolshevism is something good for mankind! Humanity cannot sink lower than now, in the ultra-individual, consumerist Liberal anti-aestethic crap societies that's the Western world. The renaissance of pre-Enlightenment ideals; true, authoritarian and healthy ideals, is the purpose of NB, together with the synthesis of modern, socialist-collectivist ones. The parasites of this planet, let it be the liberal-marxists, neo-Liberals and the Zionists in cooperation, must be eliminated by all means. They are not to corrupt our soil anymore with it's economical anti-ecological materialist system. "And finally, the imperialism prebuilt into NB does not interpret inevitable geopolitical confrontation, it ENGINEERS it. And the language of that confrontation is ugly from the start." Yes, that's correct too. National-Bolshevism is an idea of confrontation with the powers corrupting our world, wherever they are. I just say to you White Nationalists of America: strive for a Second American Revolution, just as we Nazbols strive for our Second Russian Revolution, and the conflicts between the West and the East diminishes. End the hegemony of the plutocracy, and there is no transatlantic geopolitical conflict! "And this is 'good' for who? Shall we start digging the trenches (and the graves) for yet another fratricidal European war?" European blood-sisters and brothers has spilled enough blood to benefit their own national blood-sucking bourgeousie. The Mark of Cain is forever engraved into the soul of European man. No more, I say. But the Liberation war against the NATO and its EU lackeys will not be easy or without blood. But you Americans has fought a war of independence, you now too well that freedom is only possible BY FORCE. But from what I've come to understand, most people here like war, because it's natural that forces fight against eachother (or races). So what's the problem with more wars (of liberation) if the National-Bolsheviks gain power in Russia? "A merging between RNU and NB is impossible unless one is destroyed." It's true, but NBP has already won that fight. RNU is no longer more powerful than NBP, because of their lack of political ambitions and aims. RNU poses no treat to NBP whatsoever. NBP has survived it's first 'black week'. "As you may have guessed, I don't like 'ideologies' which fail to seek out natural confirmation. I'm not NS. But until we come up with something better, NS plus a tinge of pan-Europeanism is far superior to NB." On on which basis would this New NS-Paneuropeanism stand? We European Nazbols are Pan-European as well. "You are aware that Russian NB has territorial ambitions? What difference if it is masked in 'ideology' and revolution (again). Estonia will not welcome a new Moscow hegemony. What will you tell them?" True. NBP has territorial ambitions to areas where Ethnical Russians live, a.e Northern Kazakhstan (where they are being harassed and killed by the NATO despot Nazarbayev), on Crimea, in enclaves in Latvija, eastern Belorussia and parts of Ukraine. Yes, NB has territorial ambitions, but today's Europa is, just as after the First World War, a wasp hive for Nationalists. The borders are clumpsely made, especially the post-Soviet ones. Ukraine's borders are totally fictive, and ignores ethnical boundaries. The same for Belorussia and Kazakhstan. Whole Russia is indeed even a federation of people: the Karelians, the Chechens, the Tatars of Tatarstan and many, many minorities. Russia will never be a homogenous country, and because of that the former Russian minorities; the Ukrainians and the Belorussians could just as well join the Russian block once again. But NBP doesn't want to erase the former Soviet republics, just want to topple the existing regimes and put a new leadership to power, the People's leadership, loyal to the NB cause. Thursday, November 13th, 2003, 03:24 AM http://www.arctogaia.com/public/eng-teor.htm Thursday, November 13th, 2003, 05:14 PM Thanks for posting that link; I have only just skimmed the first pages, and I have immediate reservations which perhaps you could explode for me. First off, I find so much stuff coming from the 'Marxist' direction to be far too wordy. Essay follows essay, and yet we seem to get nowhere, and quickly feel as if we are wading through an ideological swamp. I admit that I am being extreme here, but that is just to make the point. I believe that every ideology worth its salt should be able to present itself in just a few pages at most [e.g., the Communist Manifesto or the Programme of the NSDAP]. We can of course expand on that, but we need the guiding principles as a Foundation. The arctogaia web-page begins with what for me is the crux of the problem; "The word 'national-bolshevism' [N-B] contains a deliberate paradox. How can two mutually exclusive notions be combined in one and the same name?" Let's look at that: N-B is a "deliberate paradox" - why so - What is the reason for making a paradox here? Is it to overcome a particular problem? Then what is the problem? Paradoxes may need to be described to label an actual practice that has emerged; but has N-B actually emerged, or is it rather a paradox which lay on the drawing-board, and is purely theoretical? Now to me, good ideological writing should be able to answer such questions as soon as they bubble-up - to pre-empt such questions. But N-B doesn't do that; it allows the difficulties to mount up, and thereby weary the reader's patience. Also, it is admitted by arctogaia that N-B consists of two "mutually exclusive notions"; again, is this not a matter of 'oil and water'? We know that philosophers from Zeno onwards have delighted in paradoxes - but is this of any use in politics? My doubt is this - 'is N-B a philosophical conceit? Where I do have some time for N-B is in the following, and I quote from the web-site that you give; "N-B is a superideology, common for all 'open society' enemies". But is a common enmity ENOUGH to create a new ideology? When Capitalism and Communism united in WWII to fight fascism, was a new movement created [not such a silly question - some see many links between Capitalism and Communism]. I am interested in the Unity of Europe on a Racial Nationalist basis, so any analysis which points up common alliances is useful. However, I am far from being convinced about N-B. I am still of the belief that an Evolved European National Socialism is the way forward. Arctogaia does not sell N-B for me as an alternative. Saturday, November 29th, 2003, 07:22 PM National Bolshevism is a Russian renassiance of true National Socialism. The original National Socialist party in Germany was split into 4 factions: -Capitalists (land/factory owners, the rich bourgeoisie class) -Converted Marxists (some would later rebel and earn the name 'beefsticks'- brown on the outside, red on the inside) -Volkists (Thule Society types) -Göbbelian/Strasserites (adherents to the original program of the NSDAP) We all know what happened to the Strasserite faction of the NSDAP, they lost out to the capitalists. If Hitler and the NSDAP had stayed true to the proletariet and its revolutionary foundations (by replacing the German army with the S.A. and taken a hard stance on the bourgeoisie) it may have succeeded. But even though Germany lost the war, the foundation of the NSDAP has been reborn in Russia. There should be no doubt in anyones mind that Russia is most likely the most fertile ground for a patriotic movement. Limonov's National Bolshevik Party is based on many of the same issues and ideas that made up Strasserist/Göbellian political doctrine. But it has been retuned to fit modern Russian politics. Think of National Bolshevism as National Socialism for modern Russia, and for the rest of the world theres a better name for NB: Third Positionism. Sunday, November 30th, 2003, 05:47 PM Tchort; "National Bolshevism is a Russian renassiance of true National Socialism. There should be no doubt in anyones mind that Russia is most likely the most fertile ground for a patriotic movement. Limonov's National Bolshevik Party is based on many of the same issues and ideas that made up Strasserist/Göbellian political doctrine. For the rest of the world theres a better name for NB: Third Positionism". Moody Lawless; Your statements are very interesting. What I've seen of Third Positionism in the past has owed more to Roman Catholicism than to National Bolshevism. Please describe how N-B is synonymous with 3rd Position. You say that Limonov's ideology has much in common with early NSDAP - but where does it differ? And can you substantiate your claim that Russia is the "most fertile ground" for a N-S type movement? I ask in the spirit of one needing to be educated. Is that the same Liminov who visited Bosnia during the war? "National Bolshevist Party Eduard Limonov established the National Bolshevist Party in May 1993, after parting from the Liberal Democratic Party lead by Vladimir Zhirinovski. They are skinheads of Russain origin who oppose Russian Orthodox Church, which they accuse of Jewish origin, and in their activity they follow the ideology of Hitler. The movement is garishly anti-semite by nature and opposes immigrants. Lately they have tried to expand their ideology in Estonia by distributing leaflets describing armed resistance. NBP opposes itself to all other opposition powers acting in Russia, including barkashovians. The Russian expatriate writer Eduard Limonov, the founder of the Party, is currently in Lefortovo Prison, Russia, accused of several crimes, among others inciting terrorism[1]. Until now the activity of NBP has mainly been directed to protecting the rights of Russian citizens abroad, especially in the Baltic States. Lately the attacks against Estonian representation offices in Russia and Ukraine have become more frequent in connection with trials on NKVD veterans who are accused of genocide. Limonovians have broken the windows of our representative offices and written hostile slogans on the walls[2]. The fact that national bolshevists have until now attacked Estonian objects abroad and have not organised any actions in Estonia indicates that they do not have many supporters here. A new tendency of NBP is to oppose NATO and the European Union. An example of their antagonism was the action carried out in Prague during the NATO Summit on November 22, 2002, where two national bolshevists threw tomatoes at the Secretary General of NATO George Robertson[3]. However, the most brutal action of NBP took place in Latvia in 2000, where national bolshevists occupied the tower of St. Peter's Church in Riga and threatened the guard and police officials with a model grenade[4]. The abovementioned events demonstrate the aggressive and extremist aspect of NBP and indicate that we are dealing with persons who are capable of carrying out terrorist acts or other serious crimes in order to draw attention. Although there are quite few NBP supporters in Estonia it can be prognosticated that Estonia will remain in the centre of the organisation's attention for some time." http://www.nplc.lt/criminologyseminar/medziaga/Santraukos/ando_leps_abstract.htm Monday, December 1st, 2003, 05:59 AM Vojvoda, that's the same Limonov. Wednesday, December 3rd, 2003, 03:13 AM Thank you comrade. http://www.exile.ru/limonov/limonov0.html http://www.exile.ru/limonov/limonov36.html "November 1991. I went to a Serbo-Croat war at Slavonia in Vukovar. Shocked and disgusted by tortured corpses of Serb kids and elders, retrieved elsewhere amongst the ruins of just-liberated territory by Serbs town of Vukovar. I took Serbian side in conflict. Coming back to Paris I wrote about that dirty war in Parisian "Choc du mois," "Revolution," "L'Outre Journal," at Moscow's "Sovietskaya Rossiya," at Belgrade's "Borba." As television of France, of Moscow, and even that of Belgrade taught simple folks that Serbs are villains, large masses of those countries started to hate me, overnight. Autumn of 1992. War in Bosnia. At Pale-capital of Serbian Republic of Bosnia, in military cafeteria, I was approached by a BBC television film producer Mr. Pavlikovsky. Pavlikovsky suggested me to interview Mr. Radovan Karadjic, leader of Bosnian Serbs, for his movie. During three days BBC crew have filmed President of Serbian Republic of Bosnia and me talking, visiting positions of Serbian army. Dishonest, BBC boys also in secret have filmed me firing submachine gun near Sarajevo. In 199-1995 that very film was showed in England, in the United States, by Franco-German channel "Arte," etc. I got a reputation of a bloody killer all over the Western world." Sunday, December 21st, 2003, 05:22 PM A quote from Ed Limonov; "Everything is forbidden in the USA except doing business and having sex. Now, with the advent of AIDS, it's not safe to have sex, so you have only business". Tuesday, February 3rd, 2004, 05:22 PM Maybe I'm hostile against this Bolshevik ideology because between the ages of 14-17 I was a member of the Communist party. I guess deep down I'm some kind of freedom-loving racist hippy :D, but as for the Communist party, these things jumped out at me: The ass-backwards approach to solving the racial problems ("give minorities special treatment, mix the races up and hope for the best"). Totally ignoring any Jewish role in society's demise and blaming it all on capitalism - if only it were that easy. The whole anti-religious freedom thing made me angry too. :upset So I threw my little red books in the trash. All the other little commies in our student discussion group thought my racial ideas were too counter-revolutionary anyway. :soldier I'm an Isolationist and maybe some Libertarian ideas about personal freedom - I don't want to get involved in anyone else's personal business and don't want anyone involved in mine. Total freedom to do whatever the hell you want unless it infringes on someone else's right to safety & happiness. Free to choose your own life style, your own ways of expressing yourself, your own religion or lack thereof. Total freedom of association, no forced diversity. Just common sense stuff. I should form my own political party. :D Tryggvi Wednesday, February 4th, 2004, 01:30 PM From the National Bolshevik Party (http://www.nbp-info.org/) in Russia. Isn't that awesome? :D More Progressive National Bolshevik Girls (http://www.nbp.nad.ru/new/photo/girls/) Monday, March 15th, 2004, 05:42 PM "The Hitler-Reich was an example of the triumph of demagogy over a spiritual elite. The demagogue is the travesty of the spiritual leader: he eclipses him and makes everything play into the hands of the landed or money elite". [Ernst Niekisch, 1958] "Ernst Niekisch was a leading exponent of National Bolshevik [N-B] fascism in the inter-war period; his anti-Hitler version of radical anti-capitalism is still regarded as significant by some neo-fascists today". R.Griffin, Fascism Reader] But let us look at the implications of N-B, not only in its opposition to the West, but to the 'south', as well; "Niekisch was unequivocally in favour of a German-Russian alliance against the West. The German-Slavic union would destroy the heritage of Rome". [Steukers, Scorpion 11] Niekisch saw National Socialism as a product of 'Rome'; "A kind of transmogrified Catholicism, complete with vestements, service, acolytes, priests and pope". [Scorpion 4] Before we go further, let us define 'bolshevism'; "Bolshevism is now accepted as a standard term for Leninism as practised by the Soviet Communist Party, and as theorised in the works of Lenin himself. It involves the advocacy of violent revolution as opposed to the gradual change sought by the mensheviks, together with a stringent form of democratic centralism: all powers are to be assumed by the state in the name of the proletariat which is to dictate during the aftermath of revolution. The bolsheviks eventually seized power by coup d'etat, and proceeded to eliminate all remaining opposition to their rule". [Scruton, Political Dictionary]. In 1926, Niekisch founded the review he called 'Opposition' ['Widerstand']; "Which was an amalgam of pan-German nationalism, anti-liberalism and a strong pro-left pro-Russian sentiment [Niekisch had been a leading activist in the 1919 Munich Uprising]". Because of his anti-Hitler stance, Niekisch fell foul of the N-S government after 1933, being interned in 1934 and condemned to life imprisonment in 1937. The irony of Niekisch is probably the irony of N-B itself; Niekisch survived the war and after its end he taught in the Communist East. However, he was expelled by the authorities in 1952 for expounding 'non-Marxist' theories! So N-B was wanted neither by the Marxists nor the Hitlerists! Perhaps it will have its day soon. www.bolsheviks.org Archangelos Saturday, April 3rd, 2004, 01:42 AM I was wondering how many sites are there for National Bolsehvism? How many countries have NB political parties? Check out two of the threads below in this subforum; Dzerzhinsky's N-B and vojvoda's Metaphyics of N-B; read through - there are some links implanted in them. Thursday, April 15th, 2004, 05:40 PM http://www.limonka.net/ If one need to get a grip about National-Bolshevism (especially in its Russian version), this English Limonka site will help. ogenoct Friday, April 23rd, 2004, 01:09 AM Constantin von Hoffmeister sez: This is a complex issue: I would not know what to call myself. Most categories seem to be too confined. That is why it did not bother me the least when Troy Southgate accused me of not being a National Anarchist. You are right: I do admire many elements of National Socialism. For one, I like its emphasis on race. Unfortunately, this emphasis was perverted and - to an extent - misconstrued - all due to an unwarranted Nordic superiority complex (considering that most Germans are European mutts). Also, NS has a cool sense of design and aesthetics. The Nuremberg Party Rallies were mulitmedia spectacles of the first order (think of Breker's "Cathedral of Light"). Unfortunately, Hitler's ethnocentric chauvinism ruined everything. This why I am pro-early NS (Goebbels, Roehm, etc.) but anti-Hitlerite. I am not a big fan of the early days of Communism as it was jewish-controlled and led to nothing but famine and disaster for the average Russian. This changed under Stalin since he was an ardent follower of the doctrine of Eurasianism. Stalin relentlessly purged the party and thereby Aryanized it. As with NS, I admire the aesthetics of the Stalinist regime - the monumental buildings, alleys and sculptures. They perfectly exemplify the Faustian spirit of Aryan man. None of my relatives lived under the DDR regime, but sometimes I wish that I would have! It was, after all, the "better Germany"! I do not like the term "Conservative Revolution" too much as I do not consider myself "conservative"! This means that there are no current institutions or systems that I would want to preserve! I believe a radical synthesis is in order. We need to re-establish certain elements of NS and National Bolshevism that are of use and ruthlessly discard the rest! I have problems with National Anarchism as it seems provincial and anti-progressive to me. After all, Mars must be our race's next destination! Friday, April 23rd, 2004, 05:02 PM Have you read the ideas of David Myatt? There are examples of his work on these forums [i.e., Politics and Philosophy forums etc.,], as well as links. Myatt is also a considerable poet - 'rhadley' is the main Myatt contributer here. Also, what do you think of aristocratism, elitism etc., I'm talking of the ideas which emanate from Gobineau and Nietzsche? This may be the crux of our disagreement. http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/810000/images/_811720_myatt150.jpg A reclusive Myatt being door-stepped by reporters. I do not like the term "Conservative Revolution" too much as I do not consider myself "conservative"! This means that there are no current institutions or systems that I would want to preserve! Julius Evola considered himself a Conservative Revolutionary, and here's what he wrote about this matter: Obviously, it is necessary to first to establish as exactly as possible what needs to be ‘preserved’; today there is very little that deserves to be preserved, especially as far as social structures and political institutions are concerned. [Men Among the Ruins, first chapter] The Conservative Revolution is not about the preservation of the current rotten order, nor a sluggish continuation of past forms into the present; it means a return to origins and faithfulness to the underlying principles of Tradition [Tradition - with a capital T - being the primordial way of all higher mankind, it's acting in accordance with the Divine]. If you're interesting in the ideas of Tradition and Conservative Revolution, I suggest you read Evola's Revolt Against the Modern World (which is mainly about the spiritual meaning of Tradition and modernity) and Men Among the Ruins (which is more political). Hope this made sense :) I too share similar opinions and was drawn to National Bolshevism in the past. I consider the Left-Wing elements of the former NSDAP to be the real National Socialists and I was drawn to their opinions whenever I came in contact with them. Personally I believe that in order to create a Social Racial Revolution throughout Europe one needs some sort of Centralised approach. That is why I personally consider National Anarchism and other Libertarian modes of Nationalism/Racialism to be in greater difficulty when attempting to create a Nova Europa with European Civlisation and Folks at its core. Regarding National Bolshevism and other Economically Leftist forms of Nationalism/Racialism, I find myself a bit at odds on the grounds that I do tend to believe that Capitalism (when confined within an Imperium, to use Norman Lowell's words) is a greater catalyst of Economic Progress and Wealth Creation than a System using a Command Economy. Moreover I do consider Private Property and Free Enterprise a Right that should be granted and only restricted when the Common-Interest is being infringed. Monday, April 26th, 2004, 12:54 AM I am in favor of a Nietzschean aristocracy. However, it should not be based on class, but rather on spirit. This is why I think a true meritocracy would work best (in the original spirit of National Socialism). I believe that an Aryan elite (Aryan = "noble" in Sanskrit) should govern the populace. Side-note: Every true anti-semite must take a socialist stance since since jews are those who most actively promote capitalism, monetarism and liberalism (especially in Russia). Telperion Every true anti-semite must take a socialist stance since since jews are those who most actively promote capitalism, monetarism and liberalism (especially in Russia). Leaving aside, of course, the Jews who dominated the leadership of the Bolshevik party, were the majority of CPSU Commissars in the 1920's and 1930's, and continue to dominate Marxist organizations to this day. Leaving aside, of course, that the jews did not make up the majority of the leadership of the Bolshevik Party under Stalin (who purged quite a few, but - due to internal conspiracies - was not able to finish this noble deed), and that today, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation is possibly the most patriotic of them all. Most of its leaders are virulent anti-semites. nazbol1917 Wednesday, April 28th, 2004, 12:48 AM I am a National Bolshevik from the United States. I and a few other comrades have been in contact with National Bolsheviks from Europe, and are currently working on creating a party in the US that is affiliated with the Russian NBP of Limonov. Since there seems to be some different ideas floating around as to what exacty National Bolshevism is, here are some of our ideas: -We follow Limonov's form of National Bolshevism. The writings of Dugin, while interesting, are more theorectical in nature, and not only are not important to the practical workings of the Russian NBP, but are also made less important by Limonov's own theories. Dugin is no longer part of the party, and supports the Putin regime, saying that the NBP does not actually following the NB idealogy. -Racial preservation is important, but niether race nor class are made the focus of National Bolshevism. The NBP-USA calls for Aryan culture to be the primery focus of the state, and supports the creation of communities of ethnically homogeneous populations to allow for diversity. The culture as a whole will be remade to form what was once a heavily European culture. -We DO call for the nationalization of the commanding hieghts of the economy, but not for state control of small businesses. -We are currently working on a website, literatire, and buttons and other promotional material, so hopefully you'll hear more from us in the future! DA SMERT! Best of luck to you comrade. But sadly I think you're fighting a non-winnable battle. National Bolshevism is largely a Continental European style philosophy system, wheras America is an Atlanticist society built on Anglo-Saxon values. And I highly doubt any Russian system would work in America either or gain acceptance. The Cold War Russophobia is still very much alive. Just some things to consider. Thursday, April 29th, 2004, 02:24 AM I dont know, I reckon the whole idea of National Socialism as decreed by A.H. etc is that Commies, Reds, slavs are something to hate and supress and if possible Liquidate so I do not see how you can connect commies and nazis in such a fashion. Any common ground shared by the left and right was covered in "Mein Kamph" Thts why the N.S.D.A.P. coined it National Socialism. Any Russian attempt to glorify their degenerate Bolshivism, or whatever you call it, is a pathethic attempt to retain some National pride in wake of the soviet collapse. The last thing Russia or Europe needs at this stage is a Nazi/commie Hybrid That is the reason Hitler came to existance, to eclipse the Money hungry with nationalism and racial pride. Hitlers personality was far superior to the personality of every goverment, army and political movement at the time. He was sent from mother nature to lead us out of darkness. Humanity in its degeneracy rejected him. Stalin and Che Guevera wont save you. Nationalism and Racial Pride and purity is the only way out. Ignore Marx etc. Please! Yeah, there is a difference in the Fashion Propaganda espouted by MTV today, the dress code of suit and tie of the Buisnessman and the solicitor and judge, the Heavy metal uniform of long hair and Leather jacket, the Skinhead uniform of shaven head and B@H paraphenalia, and that of the Catholic church? Vestaments and so forth? Look to the KKK maybe? Lets read Pats Dictornary as completed under Zionist oppression from 1977 to 2004/ "Bolshevism is a degenerate political belief practised by the self inflicted stupiditly retarded adherents of Socialism in the 20th and 21st century as a direct result of the white races alienation from its ancient culture, since replaced by the Jew religion of "Christ" "MTV" and "Zionist appreciation and white guilt" Should of shot him in all fairness. Over my dead body. Turificator As far as I'm aware, there's no NatBol Party in Italy. However, there a several organizations which follow similar ideals (one of them is the Associazione Limes (http://www.asslimes.com/)). 'Orion' is a well-known 'neither left nor right' magazine, and articles by Carlo Terracciano can often be found there. I wish the best of luck to anyone fighting the liberal-capitalist system, although I completely disagree with the bolschevik ideology of the NBP (industrialisation, 'workers' state', central government buraucracy, etc. it all makes me sick!!...). NatBols seem honest enough, although the only country where at the moment they have any visibility on the political level is Russia. 'There is no longer any left or right. There is the System and the enemies of the System' (E. Limonov) "Commies, Reds, slavs are something to hate and supress and if possible Liquidate so I do not see how you can connect commies and nazis in such a fashion." Well, well...let's kill all the Poles, Balts, Rus, Byelorus, Czechs and so on, you say? It's because of people like you that NS can't advance. You're a trojan horse of Europe. "The last thing Russia or Europe needs at this stage is a Nazi/commie Hybrid" No, what Russians need is liquidation, right..? "Best of luck to you comrade. But sadly I think you're fighting a non-winnable battle. National Bolshevism is largely a Continental European style philosophy system, wheras America is an Atlanticist society built on Anglo-Saxon values. And I highly doubt any Russian system would work in America either or gain acceptance. The Cold War Russophobia is still very much alive." For once Pushkin and me agree. Russian NB in America is a paradox: Russian NB doesn't suit anything beyond the former Soviet union. With its idea of Russia as the geopolitical Heartland; the world center, it would indeed be strange to promote this Russocentric ideas in America of all places. Adapt NB to the American situation, or be a Limonov/NBP supporter group, like the German Bund for NSDAP; that's the only solution. I dont know, I reckon the whole idea of National Socialism as decreed by A.H. etc is that Commies, Reds, slavs are something to hate and supress and if possible Liquidate Yes, let's just see you try and suppress and liquidate us Slavs. :eyes "Go home and tell all in foreign lands that Russia lives. Let them come to us as guests without fear. But if anyone comes to us with the sword, he shall perish by the sword. On this land Russia stands and will forever stand." --Prince Alexander Nevsky "To those who despise Russia; you threaten us with words, just try us by deeds." --Alexander Pushkin [i]To the Slanderers of Russia Not only that, Adolf was not anti-Slavic. Indeed in the USSR alone one million Slavs fought in ther Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS. Yeah real anti-Slavic pal! Yes, how DARE we Slavs demand our national pride in the wake of the Soviet collaspe. :eyes Sunday, May 2nd, 2004, 12:02 PM NATIONAL-BOLSHEVISM OR NOTHINGNESS Alexander Dugin It is possible to divide Bolshevism as a historical phenomenon in two parts. On one side, the doctrinal field of various pre-Marxist socialist and communist visions and theories existed as its parallels and continued their existence as intellectual motives after Marxism was forced to the final ideology. This first stage could be called "the Bolshevism project". The second stage is the incarnation of this project in concrete historical reality in the form of Russian social-democracy, later the Communist party, and, on the final stage, the history of the Soviet State and the ruling party. The first part is undisputedly wider than the second and, like any plan, supersedes the second. But we cannot understand one without the other. The realization makes no sense, if we do not know the plan, and a plan without a realization is a plain abstraction, and its possible realizations can go for better or worse in various circumstances. National-Socialism and fascism present a similar scenario. On one side we have a theoretical dogma, philosophy, economic and historical views, all brought together by a common viewpoint ("the Fascist project") - on the other hand, the practices of historical parties (Nazi and Fascist), as well as the state organism of Mussolini's Italy and Hitler's Germany. However, there is one basic difference: "The Fascist project" of Germany and Italy was much farther from its incarnation than "the Bolshevik project" from the Soviet reality. It is widely known, that the historical Bolshevik and Fascist parties and regimes were against one another, and this resulted in bloody fights, the biggest of which was the second World War, also known as the Great Patriotic War. But this hostility was never absolute and there were some examples of Fascists and Bolsheviks coming together even on the external, purely political, level: The Soviet State gladly recognized the Fascist order in Italy; German nationalists joined forces during the "Schlageter Course", announced by Radek; Finally, the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact. Yet these two projects have much more in common. If we look at Bolshevism as an ideology that includes Marxism, but crosses its borders (that's how it was - after all, Lenin's idea of "building Communism in one state only" is against Marx), and apply the same method to fascism and Nazism (especially focusing on the ideologists who laid the base for the Nazi power, but remained in the opposition against the regime they saw as a caricature of their own views), we are bound to notice that the two projects have a lot in common. Actually, they have so much in common that theoretically it would be possible to suggest the existence of a metaideology of sorts that would be common to both projects. This one single metaideology that lies not only beyond political concretization of Bolshevism and Fascism, but their political ideologies as well, is National-Bolshevism in its absolute essence. This metaideology has never before been recognized by anyone in its entirety; Only the deepest minds of both camps have intuitively guessed that it exists, trying to express these visions even remotely. National-Bolshevism does not mean the pragmatic ways of Bolsheviks and European Nationalists, conditioned by Realpolitik. Nor does it mean the identical aspects of both "projects". It is something deeper that could appear only after the fall of the historical incarnation of one of the ideologies - the Soviet Union. (The actual incarnation of the Fascist project fell 50 years ago.) These are the basic elements of this metaideology: 1. Eschatological awareness, clear understanding of the fact that the civilization is finally nearing its end. This leads us to the idea of eschatological restoration. There is also an effort to perform this Restoration of the Golden Age by political means. 2. The idea of inadequacy of the existing religious institutions of eschatological goals - the hidden anti-radicalism, reincarnations, and pharisaism of the traditional western religions. The spirit of reformation or "new spirituality" (mysticism, Gnosticism, paganism). 3. Hate for the modern world, the Western civilization, with its roots in the spirit of Enlightenment. Identification of the cosmopolitan imperialist capitalism with the extreme global evil. Anti-bourgeois pathos. 4. Interest for the East and dislike for the West. Geopolitical orientation towards Eurasia. 5. Spartan (Prussian) ascetism. Pathos for Work and the Working Man. The basic idea of the primary spiritual origin among the people, among its lowest levels who have been safe from the depravity of the last few centuries, in comparison with the degenerated elite of the old regimes. The principle of "new aristocracy", rising from the masses of the people. 6. Understanding the people and the society as an organic brotherly collective, based on moral and spiritual solidarity. Radical denial of individualism, consumption and exploitation. Effort to bring all peoples to the state of the "golden age". 7. Dislike for the cultural, religious and economic traditions of Semitic origin (Judaism, Islam), setting Indo-Europeic traditions against them, since the social class of "merchants" (with its mentality) did not exist as such. 8. Readiness to sacrifice oneself for this ideal and what it's worth. Hate for mediocrity and petty-bourgeoisie. Clear revolutionary spirit. All the elements hereby numbered are to be found in any concrete dogma (Fascist or Bolshevik). They may vary by ideology or author, and may even appear together with other ideas that might contradict other points. The historical National-Bolsheviks (Nikisch, Ustryalov, Tieriard) have intuitively come close to this complex, but even they have faltered from the path: Nikisch saw positive meaning in technology and process, Ustryalov flirted with NEP and wasn't aware of Germany's meaning for Russia, Tieriard denied esoterism and religion, remaining a materialist pragmatic. National-Bolshevism is by far the most interesting phenomenon of the 20th century. It has adopted everything that fascinates us within Bolshevism or fascism. Whatever brought these ideologies to an end, contradicts with the spirit of this virtual doctrine. National-Bolshevism helps us understand where the anti-liberal regimes of our century went wrong and why they were bound to fall. This analysis is loyal to the past and graphic, when it comes to our time, when the "new" right and "new" left are but parodies of what even in its own time were merely parodies of the virtual National-Bolshevism. The National-Bolshevik ideology is free from all the crimes of the past. The historical National-Bolsheviks blamed the Nazis and Communists of perverting the theories, and thus became victims of the totalitarian Moloch. As the doctrine is taking form only now, even this argument cannot be the most decisive one. National-Bolshevism is what has never been. It has never been in practice, nor even in theory. National-Bolshevism is what is to come. To come, as this doctrine will be a metaphysical and ideological sanctuary for those, who deny the modern world, the system of liberal capitalism that has become the sole basis of modern society. the protest will be forever. The old anti-bourgeois ideologies have proven their limits. Theoretical errors have sooner or later resulted in a historical fall. Who doesn't understand this, has no place in history. The sole alternative for the modern world, this empire of the "liberal" antichrist, is NATIONAL-BOLSHEVISM. Either it, or nothing. No compromise will change anything. If the system has survived the proud Reich and the great Soviet Union (destroying the traditional monarchies and empires before these two), with political parties and armed extremists it should deal without any problem. The point is that National-Bolshevism has its own spiritual line, speaking of which would yet be untimely. This is an alternative secret that will stand against the opening "secret of illegality" during the final times. Without this force, the Bolshevik and Fascist experiments were forceless. Only after a certain distortion of the instruments of policy this force has left the above-mentioned movements, leaving them for fate to take care before the face of the "Master of the Universe", clearly standing for a liberalist society. There are signs telling that this force has lately taken a new (final) form that will come up to its nature. I think someone might already guess what I am talking about. Translated by Henry Zalkin Sunday, May 9th, 2004, 06:35 AM http://www.rosenoire.org/articles/russian_nb.php Saturday, June 26th, 2004, 05:15 AM http://forums.skadi.net/showthread.php?t=11332[/url] I hope magilla does not take this as a thorough rebuke; his work is valuable, but I ask him to channel his anti-Bolshevism into the Fascism/National Socialist subforum. Well then, please, don't move this thread to the "National Bolshevism & Socialism" subforum, since I intend to project my "anti-Bolshevism into the Fascism/National Socialist subforum." ;) Anyway, I was looking around on some national-bolshevik sites ([url="http://www.bolsheviks.org/"]www.bolsheviks.org (http://forums.skadi.net/showpost.php?p=115359&postcount=13) and www.nbp-info.org (http://www.nbp-info.org/)) and I thought, "wow, a lot of the National Bolshevik propaganda posters look strikingly 'similar' to National Socialist propaganda posters." "Similar" as in having been HIJACKED by the "nazbols". Obviously, I'm not the first individual to notice these "similarities"; I find their choice in pilfered propaganda to be a "little" contradictory to their statements about National Socialism and its racial policies. ARE YOU NATIONAL SOCIALISTS OR FASCISTS? Of course not. A National Socialist bases his whole emphasis on the question about his nation's race purity/race characteristics, which we National-Bolsheviks doesn't give a damn about. http://img67.photobucket.com/albums/v203/Freakin_Bad_Mofo/nancy_boys.jpg :scratch http://img67.photobucket.com/albums/v203/Freakin_Bad_Mofo/sa.jpg http://img67.photobucket.com/albums/v203/Freakin_Bad_Mofo/nordmenn.jpg:pukehttp://img67.photobucket.com/albums/v203/Freakin_Bad_Mofo/posers.jpg Monday, June 28th, 2004, 04:11 PM "ARE YOU NATIONAL SOCIALISTS OR FASCISTS? Of course not. A National Socialist bases his whole emphasis on the question about his nation's race purity/race characteristics, which we National-Bolsheviks doesn't give a damn about." This is my text, and nothing that reflects National-Bolsheviks as a whole. All its written with an anti-stance, and could be viewed literally or the opposite. This is my text, projected to Swedish left-wingers in a former, and in some ways successful, attempt of 'entryism'. But it is true that N-Bs doesn't care much about (biological and cultural) race PURITY, which's a relativist question. National-Bolshevism is post-modern 'Fascism'. And if some people think it isn't correct according to National-Socialist dogmas, I just it positive that National-Bolshevism isn't a sterile dogmatic ideology, but a virile political stream. Some would argue I suppose that N-S and N-B have a common origin and also have cross-over points [see my recent thread on Ernst Rohm and the 'SA Approach']. They might even say that N-S borrowed NB features in the past. Another possibility is that N-B is paying a TRIBUTE to N-S. This could be a sort of common cause on anti-Semitism - perhaps some see the chance of a synthesis of N-S and N-B!?! Do you mean a common theoretical origin or a common origin regarding the persons affiliating to these two straits? I don't believe that N-S has borrowed anything, I believe N-B essentially is more true to the Fascist spirit, in according to the second millenia, than today's theoretical Fascism is. The synthesis between N-S and N-B can only exist on a theoretical level, in reality the synthesis is only possible if the interests of N-B profiles and organisations correspond with those of N-S profiles and organisations. Don't forget that N-B isn't an ideology. Ideologies tend to theoretize the world, forging an ideal society without regards to the realities. This kind of idealism are no better than bourgeousie party politics and its rationalist heritage. National-Bolshevism is something not here yet. It's a word for the red-brown alliance, the negation of ideologies, a glimpse of the post-democratic future. Also, I don't view National Socialism as an ideology, nor a religion. Many tend to debate over and over whether who is Aryan and Hitler saying this or that, but weren't Hitler a pragmatical person, rather than an ideological? When Japan attacked America, the Japanese became 'the Aryan brothers of the east'. The same with the Moslem volunteers from Balkan, and the Arabs. Race relations were pragmatical, and adapted different in aspect to the world-political realities. Hitler and his companions were National Socialism, and Hitler was the ideology. This is what sums up the anti-Rationalist (pre-Enlightenment) romanticism and obsession with Nietzschean aristocrats and Machiavellian strong-men. In this respect, National Bolshevism is more true to the Fascist heritage than the post-WW2 NS ideologies and dogmas that have surfaced will ever be. N-S and N-B could very well 'cooperate', in which issues are irrelevant. The primary concern is, however: do National-Socialists and National-Bolsheviks maintain the same interests? The world is becoming democratized, will the end of History occur? If not; what could be the future, and how could we place ourselves in its center? This is the primacy of all ideologies; power, and if the interests of different N-B and N-S groups tend to junction, it's natural for co-existance and cooperation. As N-S is a synthesis, then it admits of the Hegelian process of thesis/antithesis=synthesis. So left and right wing elements were in a kind of nuclear fission at the beginning of the 20th century. Out of that flowed fascism, N-S and N-B. There is a possibility that such elements could re-arrange themselves in the 21st century. The key experience for all these things was World War One. All these men, Hitler included, emerged from the trenches of that War - this was the 'trenchocracy'. But who living has experienced that? Who has really experienced war? A different Spirit is needed. N-B may be more appropriate than N-S to certain racial temperaments. Some races may not share Blood; but they do share temperaments. Actually, the connections between Imperial Japan and Germany go back to the Bismarckian era of the 19th century. The Japanese admired the Prussian spirit just as the latter admired the Samurai. Nietzsche had compared Aryan Blond Beasts with the Japanese warriors and the Arab slave-holders. Therefore there was no culture-shock when Hitler announced a German/Italian/Japan Axis. A sharing of temperaments. If those differences were recognised, then perhaps a N-S Europe and a N-B Russia could co-operate on the shared understanding of anti-Semitism. Yes, and I agree with you. It's just that I take into consideration the practical issue of ideology and philosophy; the Machiavellian/Nietzschean and Spenglerian concept. Which is literally ideology as politics to achieve aims as glory, honour and power. The issues you mentions are psychological and cultural: race (Spenglerian definition). But it's an outdated race. Your 'trenchocracy', which I believed help formulate Fascism and its 'steel bath' empirical ethos, is gone and dead. The 'people' are being, or has been, compromised into an anorganic Fourth 'stånd' (I don't know the English term for it. The first being the priests, the second the aristocracy, and the third the urban bourgeousie). Its mentality is different, society is different, politics is totally different in the wake of Democracy's (and money as political means) apparent victory. We've entered the postmodern era, and I think you understand basically what I've been writing when you state that "a different Spirit is needed.". But I disagree in your notion of a NB Russia and NS Europe. A Communist or NS who turns away from theory and dogma, to real politics and pragmatism, becomes a de facto National-Bolshevik. And that's what's a National-Bolshevik really is, not a membership card in the NBP, but a feeling reacting to the apparent 'End of History'; the hegelian notion described by Francis Fukuyama. It's the fascism defence syndrome in a post-modern context, and is basically Fascism Evolved: Post-Fascism. National-Bolshevism appears Russian, just as National Socialism appears German, and original Fascism Italian. But the only reason National-Bolshevism, this Red-Brown reaction alliance, are strongest in the east is because Russia is the last outpost of the Western world Liberal Democracy hasn't conquered. It's a reaction to the global menace spreading, just as original Fascism was, and in National-Bolshevism exist everything hostile to Liberal Democracy. National-Bolshevism is just a strait, in these moments, but it will evolve, perhaps with help of global events such as the global Exodus and the American provocations or the EU project, into a political stream that will exist in pace with time. National-Bolshevism simply is the project name of the next phase of Fascism, and a glimpse into the political future. BTW: I liked your Pan-European Political Race posts. They were very inspiring. And that's what's a National-Bolshevik really is, not a membership card in the NBP, but a feeling reacting to the apparent 'End of History'; the hegelian notion described by Francis Fukuyama. It's the fascism defence syndrome in a post-modern context, and is basically Fascism Evolved: Post-Fascism. I agree. National Bolshevism is flexible Fascism. It is necessarily so since the time for change on the plane of reality has not yet arrived. People might argue that NB is unconcerned with the issue of race, but this is not true. Many comrades affiliated with NB care deeply about their Indo-European heritage, culturally AND ethnically. When one comes across a statement by a member of the NBP that states that race is not important, it is simply an expression of ONE individual and NOT the NBP as a whole. As I said, the NBP is still an evolving organism and thereby open to any kind of influx from both the Left and the Right. This is what the Red-Brown Alliance is all about. It is a rampart composed of seemingly opposed ideologies - as a bulwark against the encroaching tide of globalizing liberalism. Read my essays on Race and National Bolshevism (A RACIAL POINT OF VIEW ON NATIONAL-BOLSHEVISM) here: http://bolsheviks.org/DOCUMENTS/DOCUMENTS.htm Unfortunately, the ideas of National-Bolshevism is immature. Alexander Dugin's metaphysics aren't enough, and especially not Jean Thiriart's geopolitics. The books written by Limonov serves as a blueprint for a new order across Europe, but is mainly focused on Russia. What's needed is a universal 'National-Bolshevism', not a rationalist ideological model, but a reaction against some event; collapse of world economy, the undermining of Democratic institutions by oligarchial structures and meritocracy, a 'second spirituality'... who knows? The only thing certain is that immature world-views are hatched out of real-world events and shifts among the populace (the fourth estate). It's a pity that alot of people tend to implement on the world ideal models of how it should be, not taking into regard how it is. This is a reason why White Nationalism's race war/white revolution is a dream. Just as Marxists' and Democratic idealists' utopias'. Well, I went off topic. Tuesday, June 29th, 2004, 06:20 AM Thank you for responding, Deling, especially since you wrote the original text. Anyway, I tend to form my opinions of individual political movements "primarily" on their respective proposed system of economics. Fascism=economically, a reaction to the apparent failure of laissez-faire economics and fear of international Bolshevism. Add corporatism. It's class collaboration vs. class war. Sounds o.k. to me. National Socialism= similar to Fascism. Concentrated mostly on the elimination of unemployment and hyperinflation; Also, an increase in the production of consumer goods to improve middle and lower-class living standards. National Bolsevism=??? I haven't found anything that would adequately "turn me on" to National Bolshevism in any aspect. But, this is going off topic. Maybe we should tackle this in "Economics" or "National Bolshevism & Socialism"? Tuesday, June 29th, 2004, 12:04 PM "Thank you for responding, Deling, especially since you wrote the original text." And the text no longer exists on bolsheviks.org, since it served its purpose long ago. Well, you COULD define Fascism this way, but it has nothing to do with todays' realities, rather the realities of yesterday. There are no longer any Proletariat, nor distinct classes (which in Marxist tongue is the same as the estates). The atomization of a people/volk has created a Mass, which doesn't feel connected to any class or purpose. Therefore I must claim that your economical definition of Fascism is 1920'eth-stylish. Except that your definition sounds pretty much like our Liberal Democracy. No. There's impossible to define a movement through its economics, because economic issues can never be followed by a dogma. Finance politics are totally pragmatic. Eduard Limonov has written about NB economics in his book (Russian economics). He, and neither do I, care about setting up economic plans long before one could control it, and the situation may be different then. But a principle of NB he put forward: "Still in 1993, balloting in the Tver region for the 172nd electoral district, I answered the questions of the electorate: am I for private property or against it? I did not answer by a short "yes" or "no", but answered that I'm for the effective form of property. It is important that the plant, the factory make profits, so that the workers have a good pay and the government receives its taxes, and who the owner of the plant is, whether it is one man or a workers' collective or auctioneers is indifferent." Read the chapter of Limonov's book, which is interesting: http://www.limonka.net/limonka/001/eng/14.html Nah, it's only an internet forum anyway. Wednesday, June 30th, 2004, 06:36 AM I do believe it is possible to evaluate a movement by its economic policies; every political movement is centered around economics. It's impossible for a movement to not be centered around economics; money makes the world go 'round. Interesting article. Have you read anything by Ludwig von Mises (http://www.mises.org/)? (the posters should be back up in a little while; photobucket's having trouble) "I do believe it is possible to evaluate a movement by its economic policies; every political movement is centered around economics. It's impossible for a movement to not be centered around economics; money makes the world go 'round." That's right in the sense that all political parties and organisations nowadays don't got a strong foundation among the grass-root people, but are self-centered specialist organisations. And even though I concur with you in some ways, and that our cultural climate makes populism and economics the only viable options in politics, I still would find it a little Marxist to do so. Or rather marxist philosophy with Fascist demagogy. At least that's the logical consequence. But I may have misinterpreted you. What's your economical ethos? Thursday, July 1st, 2004, 06:19 AM That's exactly true. It would hardly be easy to define my personal views on economics. "An Economic Policy Based On Racial Principals" from the National Alliance (http://www.natallco.com/whatis3.html) is considerably similar to what I believe (in general; not specifics): There are two fundamental criteria which must be used for judging each and every governmental intervention in economic matters. They are, first, the long-range welfare and progress of the race; and second, human nature. Which is to say that in evaluating any economic policy we must ask ourselves two questions: Will this policy ultimately be beneficial or detrimental to the quality of our race? And is it in accord with human nature? We look first at the racial effects of a policy and insist that they must be positive - or at least not negative - and then we insist that the policy be based on a clear and realistic understanding of human nature, so that it is workable. We can understand better the significance of these two principles if we consider briefly two quite different economic systems, Marxism and laissez-faire capitalism. Marxist economics has human happiness rather than racial progress as its ostensible aim, and it is based on assumptions that are at odds with reality and with human nature. It aims at providing material comfort for everyone, more or less equally. It cannot even admit the possibility of racial progress, because that implies that some types of men are inherently superior to others and that some directions of development are more desirable than other directions. Whether one prefers the Marxist goal of the greatest happiness for the greatest number or the National Alliance goal of stronger, wiser, and more beautiful men and women is a matter of one's values. It was not on its choice of values that Marxism foundered. however, but on its refusal to recognize the fact of human inequality and the nature of human motivation. When people are not permitted to work for their own profit and advancement, they do not work well; and when a society's leaders do not attain their positions through their own merit, that society is likely to be ill led. In contrast to the Marxist system, we recognize the need to permit people to compete, to reap the fruits of their labor, and to exercise leadership according to their demonstrated ability. They will work harder and more efficiently and will order themselves in a hierarchy of ability. The result will be a stronger, better led, and more prosperous society. There will of course, be those individuals who will not work or whose natural abilities are such that they cannot compete effectively. Rather than following the Marxist path of robbing the successful in order to reward the unsuccessful, we must take measures to ensure that society's lowest elements do not multiply and become more numerous in later generations. The laissez faire capitalist system provides another illustrative contrast. Under such a system the society as a whole has no goals: there are only the goals of individual men and women. The capitalist system, like ours, provides strong incentives for individuals: the strong, aggressive, and clever rise and prosper, and the weak, indecisive, and stupid remain at the bottom. Leaders tend to be capable - at least, in the capitalist economic environment, with its special conditions. Without a unifying principle, however, a capitalist society easily can fall prey to certain inherent weaknesses. One of these weaknesses is the instability which leads the rich to become richer and the poor to become poorer, not solely because of differences in ability but because the possession of capital gives the possessor an enormous advantage in the competition for more capital. When personal gain is the only motivation in a society, those who already are rich can arrange things to favor themselves: they can buy the legislation they want, and they can block threats to their power in ways which may be destructive to the welfare of the society as a whole. They can hold down the price of labor, limit healthy competition within the society, and exploit the environment without regard for the long-range consequences. The overly rigid social stratification resulting from unrestricted capitalism can lead to endemic class hostility and even to class warfare. It can slow racial progress by making the ability to acquire and hold capital the supreme survival trait. We need an economic system which, in contrast to Marxism, allows individuals to succeed in proportion to their capability and energy, but which, in contrast to capitalism, does not allow them to engage in socially or racially harmful activity, such as stifling competition or importing non-White labor. We need to structure our economic system so that it cannot fall prey to the instability of capitalism. We need to maintain social flexibility, so that capable and energetic individuals always have the possibility of rising. We need to ensure that capital does not have the possibility of changing society's rules to suit itself. The way to achieve and maintain an economic system which meets these criteria is to design and govern the system subject to the supreme principle: the ultimate aim of all economic policy is racial progress. Thursday, July 1st, 2004, 12:25 PM Well, then. It's too bad that you don't write your thoughts on the matter with your own words. But however, I have another question: COULD there ever be economic policies which benefit a biological (and ill-fully defined) race, except in the unreal world of theories? In todays Western world, the economic elite is more than 90% European, still our economic systems are severely critized by Nationalists+Racialists. And would a economic system which is centered around a distinct group of people, judged by their cultural heritage, be able to withstand the profiteer ethos of capitalism, which consequently will not regard race? Who'll do the dirty work, the low payed? Or is government to control economic policies and the practical usage into most details? Another thought: While Bolshevism celebrated the value of Labor (Creation), it negated the value of Blood (Race). National Socialism, on the other hand, celebrated both the value of Labor AND Blood. Hence, the Bolshevik flag is merely red with the yellow emblem of the Hammer and Sickle. Both the color red and the yellow emblem signify Labor. The National Socialist flag, on the other hand, is red with the black emblem of the Swastika. Therefore, the National Socialist flag both represents Labor (through the color red) AND Blood (through the pan-Aryan symbol of the Swastika). I believe the Waffen-SS was a good step in the right direction. It encouraged a pan-European view as opposed to the ethnocentric one of Hitler and company. Friday, July 2nd, 2004, 03:58 AM I agree with your view regarding the Waffen SS, though the belifs of its leader were different from the more pan-European outlook the organization began to advocate toward the end of the war. Himmler's hatred of the Slavs and his agreement with Hitler that they should be used as slaves for the benefit of the Reich would lead one to believe that his soldiers were fighting against the common interest of Europe and for the glory of a "master race". In fact, as National Socialist Germany began to become more desperate for soldiers, it lowered the qualifications for joining the SS and relatively large numbers of recruits from the countries Germany had defeated joined. Ironically enough, some of the last defenders of Berlin were French SS troops! What the SS BECAME is something to be emulated and praised; what Himmler WANTED it to be is not. In combining labor with race, we must reject Himmler's obcession with getting the wealthy to join the SS for their " good blood" and his granting of SS titles to those who donated generously to the organization. This isn't Marxism, this is recognising the importance of combing class and race together, and the establishing the truth that the upper class's dominance of the economy is not in the best interest of the Nation. This doesn't discredit the mystical nature of the SS, or its focus on pagan rituals. These elements of the SS, which Himmler promoted despite Hitler's occasional calls for them to be toned down, combined with its later day Pan-Europeanism are all elements I believe should be incorporated into National Bolshevism. Alric Tarrant NBP-USA Idealogical Section Well, there is nothing that I could say, in regards to the field of economics, that hasn't already been said by someone else. Be it Keynes, Marx or von Mises. And would a economic system which is centered around a distinct group of people, judged by their cultural heritage, be able to withstand the profiteer ethos of capitalism, which consequently will not regard race? Although your question is probably intended as rhetorical; yes, I do believe that there could "be economic policies which benefit a biological (and ill-fully defined) race". Who'll do the dirty work, the low payed? Well, yes; debtors, and other needy individuals (less-than-average intelligence [morons; other individuals of minimal mental capabilities]; ex-cons who have served their debt to society; repeat criminal offenders deemed effectively rehabilitated; etc.) would have to do the "dirty-work". Or is government to control economic policies and the practical usage into most details? I believe that "the Austrian School (http://www.mises.org/about.asp)", although too libertarian for myself, could possibly be the proper economics policy for such a situation: No Freedom, No Peace (http://www.mises.org/freemarket_detail.asp?control=93&sortorder=articledate). "A journey of a thousand miles..." or, years.:D But Keynes, Marx and von Mises' economic philosophies differ a great deal from eachother. You're right and I'm wrong, in this sense. The word 'benefit' tells it all. It's hard to judge in what way an (ill-fully defined) race will 'benefit' and in what sense. My economical views are somewhat pragmatic, and rather 'Green'. Somewhat liberal, and anti-industrial. With this I don't mean that there shouldn't be industries, but rather that different assignments be taken by different folk. I say the Merchantilist-Protectionist national industry policies of yesterday are dangerous for culture and environment, and therefore I can be considered a globalist; at least economically. But of course not a laizze faire fanatic. However, I'm not opposed to immigration with this in mind. Asylum for work. Israel got some good immigration policies in this matter. What's the need for every nation to have industries polluting and urbanizing society, when one could import people to do the work? I believe that "the Austrian School", although too libertarian for myself, could possibly be the proper economics policy for such a situation: No Freedom, No Peace. I'm not to fond of economic dogmas (thought systems). They tend to create zealous fanaticism. Economics are and should be pragmatic, and regardless of whatever philosophy claims, there are no economical laws. That's just Western dogmatism. Just as differing as National Bolshevism and National Socialism, right? I'm also a little "Green" in regards to the environment. You're right, mercantilist-protectionism policies are very detrimental; not only to the people and the economy, but also to the environment. "Asylum for work" is only viable for those nations which have no concern for preserving their respective national identities, i.e., the USA and the UK. Any dogma is capable of hampering all original thought; to clarify, I like certain aspects of the Austrian School, but I don't consider myself an adherent to the Austrian School. Mac Seafraidh Wednesday, July 14th, 2004, 09:22 PM This NBP has got some nerve to call themselves "elite", well pretty much. They bash individual European cultures and pretty much say "Get that pot and let me get some water ready to boil." NONSENSE !!! I GIVE THEM :hitler :hitler :hitler :hitler :hitler'S DOWN for utter senseless idealology.:D SS Charlemagne In Fact the national-Bolchevik are in contradiction. how they can be nationalist and Communist in the same time ???:sway Nationalism and communism aer 2 contradictary ideologies. A communist can be a nationalist and the same for the contrary. For me there are stupid and dumb. They are just nostalgic of the USSR and Stalin period. Stalin was not anti-jew, he have a lot of jew in his party ,i renember that i have read an article who had say that he had been also a jewess wife. I had read their article, i have see all things of their site and i can say that THe guy of NPB just want make a new USSR in euope and create an europe under russian control. No thanks http://www.skadi.net/~szacsi/forum/images/smiles/icon_exclaim.gif By the way their leader " LImonov" is gay http://www.skadi.net/~szacsi/forum/images/smiles/icon_mad.gif Look their flag and their propagnada : http://www.bolsheviks.org/PROPAGANDA/P1/P1.htm (http://www.bolsheviks.org/PROPAGANDA/P1/P1.htm) Their flag and their propaganda are the same as III Reich. They had just replaced the svastika by the sickle and the hammer. Some exemples of comparaison between NS propagnada and their propaganda. This guys don't have any imagination , they stole the propaganda of the III reich for create thier own propaganda : http://www.bolsheviks.org/PROPAGANDA/P7/BUILDNB.jpghttp://volkermord.com/gallery/albums/userpics/WW2/Posters/normal_kauft.jpg http://www.bolsheviks.org/PROPAGANDA/P7/HEROE.jpghttp://volkermord.com/gallery/albums/userpics/WW2/Posters/prop-dk-2.jpg http://www.bolsheviks.org/PROPAGANDA/P24/NBWARRIORS.jpghttp://volkermord.com/gallery/albums/userpics/WW2/Posters/prop-no-3.jpg :pukeNational-Bolchevism National-Socialism and National-Bochevism together :sway never !!! Communist are your ennemy , i don't understand why there is a National Bolchevik sub forum ? SMASH the Bolchevism http://volkermord.com/gallery/albums/userpics/WW2/Posters/prop-var-26.jpghttp://membres.lycos.fr/histoiredefrance/images/Afficheanti-communisme.jpg Thursday, July 15th, 2004, 04:19 AM My point exactly, SS Charlemagne. :highfive Thursday, July 15th, 2004, 05:35 PM i don't understand why there is a National Bolchevik sub forum ? I support a N-B sub-forum because it gives added scope to what would otherwise be a preaching to the converted. All of us should challenge our own ideas as well as the ideas of others, and should avoid the sterile practice of just regurgitating our own preferences. I thought your post was a good one; that is reason enough to have such a sub-forum - to provoke responses like your own. The Dagda I disagree, Nationalism is their social policy and Communism (Socialism) is their economic policy. Former eastern block countries have heard for years that Fascism is a bad thing and Communism is a good thing, I think NB is ideal for these countries, they identify with Communism and they are racially aware, so I say good luck to them. Yes one could argue that Nationalism and Socialism are also contradictory. But then the social policy of N-S was socialist, while its economic policy was Nationalist. Still a contradiction? But then contradiction is often the motor of all ideology. See the following thread; Contradiction's Quest http://forums.skadi.net/showthread.php?t=7047 The question is, what of Nationalism as both a social AND as an economic policy? The Social policy of NS was both Nationalist and Socialist, and the economic policy was also both Nationalist and Socialist. That's why the term "right wing" does not really describe NS, and it's where we get the term "Third Way." That is absolutely NOT true! NS was socialist in every respect. However, as opposed to internationalist (Marxist) CLASS-Socialism, NS was a nationalist FOLK-Socialism. The main difference between these two forms of Socialism is that the former was concerned with abolishing nations in order to foster a global brotherhood of workers (in opposition to all other classes). NS, on the other hand, was concerned with the nation and its people as a whole. NS wanted to get rid of class divisions by creating the necessary SOCIALIST conditions within the nation, so that the different classes would not be exploiting one another, but would function in harmony. Other examples of FOLK-Socialist societies are North Korea, Cuba, Baathist Iraq and the Republic of Salo (under Mussolini). National-communism really exists. It was applied in Romania during Ceausescu and in some measure, more hidden, it is even now applied. It consists in the denaturation of the senses of Nationalism and their perversion using communist ideas. It affects everything on which a society is based, from traditions to mentality. Friday, August 6th, 2004, 10:32 AM "how they can be nationalist and Communist in the same time ??? For me there are stupid and dumb. They are just nostalgic of the USSR and Stalin period." 1: However you want to interpret it or believe it, NB isn't a Communist offspring. 2: Russian National-Bolsheviks using Soviet nostalgia in propaganda and actions isn't based on Communist sympaties, as little as Russian WN groups celebrating Victory Day or hailing Stalin is. Most postmodern nationalist parties in Europe today are National-Democrat, which is the red-brown spectrum where national-bolshevism/Strasserism a.s.o resides. Playing with words won't make NB a Communist ideology. Imperator X Friday, August 20th, 2004, 09:32 AM I certainly hope that this thread is not dead yet. I do not know what I think about this National Bolshevism. I agree that a state should use aesthetic beauty to appeal to people because it expresses Beauty and Strength in the highest. It must create Order, Nobility, Strength, Beauty and Cultural Splendour as this is an expression of nature itself. From the blackest soil rises the most beautiful of organisms. But it does not make clear it's vision of spirituality. I personally would be behind a movement that stresses cultural preservation as well as a revival of European Heathenism, because paganism expresses purity free from influence from cultural enemies and allows us to truly know ourselves better and not live a lie like Christianity which mocks Nature, Humanity, and man's primal instinct and the fascinating hidden realms of the psyche. (Hail Aldous Huxley) :fvenus: Friday, August 20th, 2004, 04:24 PM This changed under Stalin since he was an ardent follower of the doctrine of Eurasianism. No he wasn't. The Eurasianists supported Stalin but Stalin never adhered to the ideology. As with NS, I admire the aesthetics of the Stalinist regime - the monumental buildings, alleys and sculptures. They perfectly exemplify the Faustian spirit of Aryan man. Funny considering 1: Russia was/is not part of Faustian(Western) civilization; in fact much of Russian civilization has been based on opposition to it and its ethics. The Slavophiles made this quite clear in their writings. 2: Although many Stalinist monuments are beautiful, nevertheless much of it came at the cost of the destruction of priceless aesthetic treasures of our Slavic heritage. One only needs to point to Stalin's destruction of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior(over the opposition of many Communists I might add). Many sections of old Moscow were destroyed to make way for the stale modernist archietecture of the Soviet system. After all, Mars must be our race's next destination! As a former National Bolshevik/Neo-Stalinist myself, I have to say there are good traits to it. And Im on good terms with many NBs. Ogenoct is actually one of my favorites here. But overall I prefer traditional nationalism. I have to say now Im more of a "Conservative Revolutionary" than a National Bolshevik today. Saturday, August 21st, 2004, 02:08 PM "I am not a big fan of the early days of Communism as it was jewish-controlled and led to nothing but famine and disaster for the average Russian." Personally I admire Lenin much more than Stalin, and whatever that the early Bolshevik Party was full of Jews I feel attached to the pioneer spirit during the birth of the Union of Councils; representing a revolt against modern world, an outcry of sublime feelings evoked by the old order and its doings, the compassionate radicalism which paved way for the first holistic welfare state which didn't exist solely for the purpose of a distinct social group ('class'). Not to mention the messianic idealism of Lenin and his follow comrades, which deteriorated after his death. Stalin is for me just a grunt, even if it's a clever one who arised from the bottom of the Georgian tribal countryside to General secretary and Generalismus of the Council Union. Admirable, but none of his actions were original; he just carried out the prospects of Lenin! "This changed under Stalin since he was an ardent follower of the doctrine of Eurasianism." Well, this may be questioned, but he was a 'de facto' Eurasianist, just as Lenin (who stated that the revolution would only be successful if the Soviets covered all of Europe, and not only Russia). The Soviet civilisation was a Eurasian one, and the try to forge a sort of 'Soviet Man' (Trotskij did even write about a 'higher socio-biological being' in his work about revolution and literature) was likewise a de facto attempt to form a distinct Eurasian man. However, the Sovietism wasn't in pace with the Russian mindset, "Stalin relentlessly purged the party and thereby Aryanized it. As with NS, I admire the aesthetics of the Stalinist regime - the monumental buildings, alleys and sculptures." The aesthetics of Soviet Communism is the ascetic proletarian fighter of the Third Internationale, the Red Army marches in central Moskva on May 1st, the Social-Realist art and extremely good and classic films like Aleksandr Nevskij, Potemkin, Oktiabr (which I think is rather boring, BTW). The large complex of enormous concrete buildings which form most of the Moskva suburbs aren't impressive, and certainly not monumental: just asbest and decaying. I don't think the Russian mentality has high thoughts regarding things monumental. Being in pace with the Russian is being simple and Spartan. The most influental ideologies in Russia is the Conservative Revolutionary ones, which essentially is environmentalist, orthodox/neo-pagan, and dreams of a life without metropolis'. Pol Pot is on the mood again, and even Limonov writes of evacuating the cesspools that is Moskva and Piter. Wednesday, August 25th, 2004, 01:51 AM http://bolsheviks.org/DOCUMENTS/Russian%20National-Bolshevism%20By%20Christian%20Bouchet.ht m http://bolsheviks.org/BANNER.jpg Russian National-Bolshevism By Christian Bouchet (translated from the French by Thomas Smitherman) "The cause of the people is the cause of the nation, and the cause of the nation shall be the cause of the people" - Lenin If there are available now in France a number of satisfying works of reference which allow us to understand German national-bolshevism well, this is absolutely not the case for Russian national-bolshevism, the existence of which we are just now discovering. Thus the work of Mikhail Agursky, though hostile, is a source of great first importance of information and reasons to meditate, even to hope. The thesis of the author, inspired by the reflections of Ortega y Gasset in The Revolt of the Masses, is that the marxist and socialist components of Russian bolshevism are only "historical camouflages" for a really geopolitically and historically more profound process. For Agursky, Lenin practised a double language, orthodox marxist in his writings, which should only be considered as works of "public relations", he placed himself in fact in the line of Alexandr Herzen who rejected the West and who promoted an invasion of Western Europe by the Slavs. Since the beginning of the century, Lenin and the bolsheviks would have assigned the goal to themselves of giving the leadership of the world revolution to Russia and the Russians. In this view, national-bolshevism would be the Russian nationalist ideology that would make the Soviet political system legitimate from the nationalist point of view and not from the Marxist point of view. National bolshevism would thus make an attempt for world domination of a Russian Empire cemented by communist ideology. Examining a period which extends from 1870 to November 1927 (date of the triumph of Stalin in the 15th congress of the Communist Party), Agursky's book covers successively different facets of Russian national bolshevism:the contribution to it by non-Marxist revolutionary parties, its relations with the proto-fascists of the Union of the Russian People, the ultra-bolshevik faction "Forward 1", the futurist influence, the importance of Jewish intellectuals in national-bolshevism, and Smenovexism. The Non-Marxist Heritage of the National-Bolsheviks Agusky sees in Russian national-bolshevism the result of a certain number of non-Marxist influences. This of Aleksandr Herzen which figures that Russian socialism would benefit from pan-Slavism and that Russia was a young nation, in better health than the West, whose future was to create an Empire "which would contain the Rhine, would go to the Bosphore and on the other side would extend up to the Pacific".This of Mikhail Bakunin, anarchist with a nationalist basis who made himself the supporter of Nikolai Muraviev-Amursky, governor of Siberia who conquered a part of the territories of the Far East with the agreement of the government, and who figured that the Slavs should have a national interest in revolution. This of the Prussian, Ferdinand Lassalle, whose socialism mixed with a very strong nationalism and a statism no less strong. This of the populists, principally after the revolution when numerous members of the Revolutionary Socialist Party join the bolsheviks, as the SR were traditionally opposed to the capitalist West and, messianists, believed that the Russian people would create its own form of socialism which would be the avant-garde of all humanity. Red Flags and Black Hundreds The Union of the Russian People, known also under the names of Black Hundreds, represents a form of Russian proto-fascism. A pro-German, anti-English, and anti-Yankee movement fearing the expansion of the yellow peoples, it condemned with force capitalism, parliamentarism, and liberalism, and envisaged a violent anti-Romanov revolution. Its militant base was formed in the most part by industrial workers. Contrary to current opinion, this group was not in violent opposition with the Russian communists but in concurrence and a certain admiration existed on its part for them, driving them to timely alliances and creating passages of militants from one camp to the other. Plexanov estimated that the URP's (SRN po-russki) ranks were 80% made up of proletarians and that they "would become ardent participants of the revolutionary movement", Peter Struve affirmed that the URP was a revolutionary socialist party, at the congress of the Social Democratic Party of 1907, Pokrovsky that one will find in the extremist Bolshevik fraction "Forward 1" insisted on the positive sides of the URP. Lenin was firstly reticent on these positions, and then was convinced of their good foundation by Maksim Gorky who had been in correspondence with the Black Hundreds since 1905. On the side of the URP, this led to numerous changes in strategy for the future communists in order to bring the downfall of the liberals. For one of the leaders of the Black Hundreds, Apollon Maikov, they "pursued the same objectives as the revolutionaries, that is to say the betterment of the conditions of life, a goal which coincides in a certain way with the teaching of the social anarchists . . . The consitutionalists call the armed revolutionaries 'left-wing revolutionaries', and the Black Hundreds 'right-wing revolutionaries'. From their point of view this definition has a certain legitimacy . .. Because we all think that the consititutional form of government brings the total domination of capital, and in such conditions when power will be exclusively in the hands of the capitalists, who will only hold it for their own advantage in order to oppress and exploit the population." Another leader of the URP, Viktor Sokolov accused the ruling bureaucracy of wishing to incite its members "to struggle against the revolutionary elements, and thus to weaken the two parties by this struggle". Starting in march 1917, most of the 3,000 members of the URP (at the same time the bolsheviks were only 10,000), started either to join the Bolshevik Party or to work for it after the Revolution. Thus one sees the journals of the Black Hundreds calling for the dictatorship of the proletariat, the head of the URP students in Kiev, Yuri Piatakov, becoming one of the heads of the Bolshevik extreme-left, some less known militants becoming responsible for Soviets or working in the Cheka (later-KGB), while numerous others became important membres of the Orthodox Church loyal to the regime (the head of the URP of Tiflis became also the Metropolitan Varfolomei and died of natural causes, at 90 years of age, in 1956). The Faction "Forward!" An internal and then external faction of the Bolshvik Party, finally reintegrated within it, "Forward!" grouped together the semi-totality of Bolsheivk intellectuals (Maksim Gorky was one of its warmest partisans) and exercised an astounding influence on Soviet society under Lenin and after his death. Most of the leaders of "Forward!" prospered under Stalin and not one of them had to suffer from the purges. One can consider them as the theoreticians of the national and totalitarian turn of Bolshevism. If a lot of their ideas are very interesting in themselves and would merit long developments (the Faustian concept of life, belief in the creation of an over-humanity, totalitarian democracy valuing the group and negating individuality) they concern us principally because they have contributed largely to the development of Russian national-bolshevism firstly by the deification of the Russian people which gave birth to a semi-religious movmement "The Constructors of Gods", followed by an absolute rejection of the West. On this point they affirm that Russia was (after the revolution) a colony of the West, that their revolutionary tradition was purely Russian, and that the Revolution of 1917 had a national element. Finally it was the members of "Forward!" who were at the origin of the Proletcult (proletarian culture) affirming that the people is the only creator of the culture and that deviant individualities must be eliminated. The Nationalism of the Futurists The Russian futurists range in their totality in the camp of Soviet intellectuals to which they brought a solid nationalism developed since their appearance well before the war. Insisting on the purity of the language, they proposed the exclusion of terms of foreign origin from the Russian vocabulary. Favoured intellectuals, they travel therefore "to the West" from which they mostly left reactions citing its decadence and its weakness opposed to the youth and force of the Russian East, affirming that "The light of the East is not only a liberation for the workers. The light of the East is a new attitude for man, woman, and things", or writing, "I moo like a bull, being lucky that my motherland - my mother - is the Russian land, the Russian land, the Russian land! I am ready to live my life anew, by only knowing the words 'Russian land'. I do not know a more profound bliss than to be Russian. I do not know sensations deeper than being Russian, a true Russian." A Jewish National-Bolshevism One of the most surprising points of Russian national-bolshevism of the 20s is the importance in its ranks of intellectuals of Jewish origin having for the most part crossed a mystical phase. For these ones, revolution meant at the time a messianism and permitted them to affirm their love of the Russian fatherland without being rejected by anti-semitism in Russian society. These Jewish intellectuals organised either in emigration in which they participated in the Smenovexist current, or in Russia itself, where, despite their heterodoxy, certain ones of them occupied important positions. If Ilya Ehrenburg, known throughout for his articles and ultranationalist radio broadcasts after 1941, did not have extraordinary conceptional originality, one cannot say the same for two of the principal Jewish theorists of national-bolshevism: Isai Lezhnev and Vladimir Tan-Bogoraz. The first, even though opposed to the communists during the Revolution of 1917, was one of the favourites of Stalin, responsible for the literary pages of Pravda and one of the principal literary critics of the Soviet Union. Influenced by Nietzsche, Shestov, and Hegel, he rejected traditional values, law, and ideology, and only recognised as criteria "the spirit of the Russian people", believing that this carried an imperial dimension: "Russian imperialism (from ocean to ocean), Russian messianism, Russian Bolshevism (at the global level) are all going in the same direction". Vladimir Tan-Bogoraz, coming from the most radical wing of the populist movement, became the director of the Institute of Religions. Violently anti-Christian, he showed a certain preference for Islam, seeing in the God of the Old Testament a populist-terrorist and his writings resent the influence of the cabal. Affirming himself proud of being accused of national-bolshevism, he saw in the reign of Peter the Great an example for the new regime and demonstrated a very strong anti-Westernism. Smenovexism, A National-Bolshevism in Emigration But the purest and most interesting national-bolshevism was born in the ranks of the White emigration. In October 1920, Nikolai Ustrialov made reference to the German national-bolshevism and confided in his friends his decision to preach a Russian version of it. Teaching at the University of Moscow, Ustrialov became known in 1916 for collaborating with the periodical <<Problemy velikoi Rossii>> ("Problems of Great Russia") and by defending in it Russian expansionism and a strong State. The same year he gave conferences on the slavophiles, where he affirmed that Russia had a global mission. An active member of the Kadet Party, he witnessed with satisfaction the fall of Tsarism and collaborated in the daily <<Utro Rossii>> ("Morning of Russia") where he affirmed that the Bolshevik Revolution was really authentically Russian, just as he criticised the orientation of the exterior politics of the Bolsheviks. In the summer of 1918, he had to flee from Moscow and joined the zone held by the armed Whites. A refugee sometimes in Omsk, he ended up emigrating to China in Harbin, whence he criticised the counter-revolutionary forces linked too closely for him to foreign interests . . . In November 1920, Ustrialov, with three exiled poets who will later become celebrated Soviet writers, founded the magazine <<Okno>> ("Window"). His influence was immediately very great in the emigration, some national-bolshevik conferences were held in Paris, a Smena Vex bulletin appeared in Prague, a daily "Nakanun" ("On the eve of") was published in Berlin and an important militant group appeared in Bulgaria (its head was later assassinated by the Whites). In Russia even, smenovexism did not pass unnoticed, Lenin envisioned a triumphal return of Ustrialov to Moscow (in fact that did not happen but most of his partisans returned to Russia), had some Smena Vex articles published in Pravda, financed Nakanun secretly, and evoked favourably the existence of this current during the 11th Congress of the Communist Party in March 1922. After the death of Lenin, the Smenovexists who sustained the attacks of Kamenev, Buxarin, and Trotsky, were defended by Stalin personally as one said that he appreciated them a lot. It is said that during his expulsion from the USSR, Trotsky cried out, "It's the victory of Ustrialov!" From a theoretical point of view, Ustrialov who thought in terms of the measure of power, affirmed that "Only a State physically powerful can possess a great culture. The small powers can, by nature, prove their elegance, honour, even heroism, but they are organically incapable of grandeur; that requires a grand style, a protection in the great unity of thought and action". He considered also that: The Soviet government will force by all its means the reunification of the peripheral territories with the Centre, in the name of the World Revolution. The Russian patriots will struggle in order to attain the same objective in the name of an indivisible Great Russia. Despite all the ideological differences, they all follow practically the same path. While one of his disciples, the poet Vladimir Xolodkovsky, cried, "The USSR is not only a state of the development of Russia as an ethno-geographic entity, it is a turning point in the evolution of nationality in humanity. If the Moscow of Kalita was able to bring together the Russian land into a great empire by glory and oppression, Soviet Moscow has started to bring together the land into an Empire of the workers and of liberty". Russian National-Bolshevism Since 1927 Despite its 500 pages, the work of Agursky leaves us in a certain sense of lacking. It fails to provide us with an analysis of triumphant stalinism, of the "Great Patriotic War", even of the evolution of the opinion of the emigration. At the same time, the current or contemporary situation remains to be explored. Which ideological genealogy can one trace to the national-bolshevik dissidents at the beginning of the 1970s? Whether these be the members of the Fetisov group (in the name of A.A. Fetisov who quit the CP in order to protest against destalinisation) affirmant that "leninism has incomparably more in common with Russian Orthodoxy and Slavophilism than with Marxism and Catholicism" and that "only a union of Orthodox Russia with Leninism can produce this view of the ideal world for the Russian people which will create a synthesis of the entire experience of the people through the centuries". Or whether it be a question of the "ultras" of Gennadiy Shimanov, paritsans of the Third Rome who figured that the Soviet regime was the only political organisation which was able to oppose "the Western democratic rot" and to mobilise the people towards a new historical goal: Empire. Whether it be also, finally the national-bolshevik affiliation of the leaders of the current All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, the Russian Communist Party, or the Communist Party of the Russian Workers and some political groups and journals classed in the "red-brown" circle. Thursday, September 2nd, 2004, 09:45 PM http://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/rdv1n2/bolnatq.htm Bolshevism and the National Question Vijay Singh The Bolshevik solution to the national question in the Soviet Union has been a favourite target for critics. Such critics have gained strength from some of Lenin's views expressed at the close of his life. This rejoinder examines the views of Prof. Paresh Chattopadyay which echo the standard anti-Soviet criticism. The opening up of the archives in the former USSR have meant that a more complex picture emerges of Lenin's last letters. Lenin, as noted below, held Stalin and Dzerzhinsky politically responsible for the Caucasian incident. The minutes of the 12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (bolshevik) of 1923 give what seems to be Stalin's oblique reply to Lenin's critique: "Now to continue, I'll move to the question which I can't avoid. Here they've been saying that I'm an expert on the national questions. Comrades, I must say that I never claimed to be such. I twice refused to give a report on the national question, and both times I was unanimously ordered to make the report. I don't say that I'm uninformed in these matters, I have a certain knowledge of the question, but I'm sick to death of it. Why is it that Stalin has to do the report? Where is it written? Why does he have to take the rap for mistakes which are made locally. This isn't written down anywhere." ('Political Archives of Russia', Volume 2, No. 4, 1991, p. 268, emphasis added). The views expressed by Paresh Chattopadyay are open to question on grounds of logic and facts. ('Back to War', Frontier, 1st April 1995). Stalin on the authority of Lenin is painted in the blackest of colours on the national question. Yet in February, 1913 in a letter to Gorky, Lenin referred to Stalin as a 'marvelous Georgian' for his work on the national question. (V.I. Lenin, Collected Works, Vol. 35, Moscow, 1966, p. 84). In December of the same year Lenin commended Stalin's work entitled 'Marxism and the National Question' stating that it occupied a prominent place in the treatment of the national problem (V.I. Lenin, Collected Works, Vol. 19, Moscow, 1963, p. 539). It was Lenin who appointed Stalin to the important post of People's Commissar of Nationalities after the October revolution. As late as March, 1922 at the 11th Congress of the RCP(b) Lenin defended Stalin from the criticism of Preobrazhensky who considered it incorrect that Stalin held concurrently two Commissariats viz. Nationalities and State Control. Lenin argued that for settling the Turkestan and Caucasian questions, 'we need a man to whom the representatives of any of these nations can go and discuss their difficulties in all detail. Where can we find such a man? I don't think Comrade Preobrazhensky could suggest any better candidate than Comrade Stalin' (V.I. Lenin, Collected Works, Vol. 33, Moscow, 1966, p. 315). On the question of 'autonomisation' Lenin opposed the view of Stalin that the various republics including Georgia should enter the projected union of Soviet socialist republics as autonomous republics, considering that safeguards were required against the Russian apparatus. Molotov indicated that Stalin in this instance continued an earlier line of Lenin: 'Lenin had opposed the federal principle, federalism, because he favoured centralism. All the reins, everything must be held in the hands of the working class so as to strengthen the state. Just read his article on the national question. Autonomy within a unitary state, yes. But Lenin dropped this unitary principle for a federal solution: "Let us create the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics!" But Stalin did not know this at the outset'. (ed. A. Resis, 'Molotov Remembers', Chicago, 1993, p. 196). Lenin's objections were met when the USSR was formed as the sovereignty of the unified republics was guaranteed. Lenin intervened in 1922 in the dispute between the Transcaucasian Committee of the RCP(b) headed by G.K. Orjonikidze and the group of Georgian communists headed by Polikarp Mdivani. The Mdivani group desired that Georgia enter the USSR directly and not through the Transcaucasian Federation. They sought to preserve the interests of Georgia at the expense of Armenia and Azerbaijan and impeded the economic and political ties of the Transcaucasian republic. Lenin did not support the views of Mdivani. Then as now the Caucasus was a hotbed of national strife and it was Lenin's suggestion that Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia should be united as a Federation '... a federation of the Transcaucasian republics is absolutely correct in principle, and should he implemented without fail' (V.I. Lenin op. cit., p. 127). Lenin was justifiably outraged when Orjonikidze on being insulted resorted to physical violence with a member of the Mdivani group. After this incident Lenin advised profound caution and a readiness to compromise with the Georgians. Lenin wanted exemplary punishment to be inflicted on Orjonikidze. He held Stalin and Dzerzhinsky to be politically responsible for what he termed 'this truly Great-Russian national campaign' (V.I. Lenin, Collected Works. Vol. 36, Moscow, 1971, p. 610). Paresh Chattopadyay is factually incorrect when he argues that Lenin "condemned Stalin, who as one 'Russified, coming from other nationalities... overdid 'Great Russian chauvinism', this Russian frame of mind". The actual quotation shows that Lenin here was criticising the Polish communist Dzerzhinsky and not Stalin: 'I also fear that comrade Dzerzhinsky, who went to the Caucasus to investigate the "crime" of those "nationalist-socialists", distinguished himself there by his truly Russian frame of mind (it is common knowledge that people of other nationalities who have became Russified overdo this Russian frame of mind)..." (op. cit., p. 606). Nor is it at all clear that Lenin called Stalin 'a Great-Russian bully' as Paresh Chattopadyay charges. It is more likely that Lenin in the following passage was referring to the Georgian G.K. Orjonikidze who had manhandled a member of the Mdivani group: "The Georgian who is neglectful of this aspect of the question, or who carelessly flings about accusations of 'nationalist-socialism' (whereas he himself is a real and true 'nationalist-socialist', and even a vulgar Great-Russian bully), violates in substance, the interests of proletarian class solidarity..." (op. cit., p. 608). The view expressed on the question of the transfer of some nationalities from their traditional homelands during the Second World War are also questionable. It is denied, for instance, that a number of nationalities collaborated with the Nazism on the ground that they merely supplied food to the Germans under duress. Yet a recent analysis convincingly shows that a number of Turkic nationalities were guilty of mass treachery to the side of Nazi Germany. (W.B. Bland, 'The Enforced Settlements', London, 1993). The Nazi army was met with jubilation and welcomed as 'liberators' by practically the entire population of the Crimea and the Turkish areas of the northern Caucasus. The German army secured the support of the Crimean Tatars and various Caucasian peoples to form 'self-defence battalions' which took up the task of hunting down the partisan forces who were engaged in the struggle against the Nazi occupation. This is further corroborated by Molotov who argued as follows: 'The fact is that during that war we received reports about mass treason. Battalions of Caucasians opposed us at the fronts and attacked us from the rear. It was a matter of life and death; there was no time to investigate the details. Of course innocents suffered. But I hold that given the circumstances, we acted correctly." (op. cit. p. 195). The dissolution of the Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the transfer of its population also took place for reasons of state security. The resettled nations were allotted land and given state assistance to establish their economic life. It is incorrect, moreover. to argue that Stalin at the close of the war "greeted the Russians, and not the whole Soviet people". In his speech of 24th May, 1945, Stalin actually stated: "I would like to propose that we drink to the health of the Soviet people, and primarily of the Russian people" (J. Stalin, 'On the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union', Moscow, 1954, p. 24). Stalin then gave his reasons for stating that the Russians were the most outstanding of all the nations that constituted the Soviet Union. He argued that during the war the Russian people had earned universal recognition as the guiding force of the Soviet Union among all the people of the country. (loc. cit.) An over-all assessment of Stalin's contribution to the solution of the national question in the Soviet Union has to take into account a number of facts. It was Stalin who discovered entire nations, drew up the new national ethnic boundaries and guided the formation of the Central Asian Republics. Under Soviet power forty-eight nationalities acquired a written alphabet for the first time. Before 1917 the majority of the population had been illiterate, by 1939 illiteracy had been largely overcome. The Stalin period saw the economic upliftment of the national republics. While industrial growth expanded at a high speed in the USSR as a whole, the industrial growth of the national republics grew with particular rapidity. In the USSR as a whole, gross output of large-scale industry had increased by 1940 12-fold compared with 1913. In the Kazakh SSR it increased 20- fold, in Georgia 27-fold, in the Kirghiz SSR 153-fold and the Tajik SSR by 308-fold. Similarly, the Central Asian Republics benefited tremendously in the realm of education. The number of pupils in elementary and secondary schools increased in 1940 as compared with 1914-15 as follows: Azerbaijan SSR 9-fold, Armenian SSR 9.4-fold, Kazakh SSR 10.9-fold, Turkmenian SSR 35-fold, Kirghiz SSR 47-fold, Uzbek SSR 73-fold and the Tajik SSR 822-fold. (Politicheskaya Ekonomiya, Uchebnik, Moscow, 1954, p. 372). It is ironical that Stalin's contribution is today belong re-assessed in a positive fashion in the former Soviet Union but elsewhere there are many still in the Khrushchevite time-warp. Oskorei Friday, September 3rd, 2004, 09:46 AM "I would like to propose that we drink to the health of the Soviet people, and primarily of the Russian people" (J. Stalin, 'On the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union', Moscow, 1954, p. 24). Stalin then gave his reasons for stating that the Russians were the most outstanding of all the nations that constituted the Soviet Union. He argued that during the war the Russian people had earned universal recognition as the guiding force of the Soviet Union among all the people of the country. (loc. cit.). That quote sums up a whole attitude, and it makes one understand why so many (all?) non-Russians cooperated with the Third Reich as soon as they had the chance.... The Stalin period saw the economic upliftment of the national republics. While industrial growth expanded at a high speed in the USSR as a whole, the industrial growth of the national republics grew with particular rapidity. In the USSR as a whole, gross output of large-scale industry had increased by 1940 12-fold compared with 1913. In the Kazakh SSR it increased 20- fold, in Georgia 27-fold, in the Kirghiz SSR 153-fold and the Tajik SSR by 308-fold. Similarly, the Central Asian Republics benefited tremendously in the realm of education. The number of pupils in elementary and secondary schools increased in 1940 as compared with 1914-15 as follows: Azerbaijan SSR 9-fold, Armenian SSR 9.4-fold, Kazakh SSR 10.9-fold, Turkmenian SSR 35-fold, Kirghiz SSR 47-fold, Uzbek SSR 73-fold and the Tajik SSR 822-fold. (Politicheskaya Ekonomiya, Uchebnik, Moscow, 1954, p. 372). It is ironical that Stalin's contribution is today belong re-assessed in a positive fashion in the former Soviet Union but elsewhere there are many still in the Khrushchevite time-warp. With statistics one can prove many things, and it is not hard to get an impressive growth in % when you start from a low point. green nationalist Friday, September 3rd, 2004, 04:24 PM So in essence, if you take away the privatisation ethos of National Socialism and put it in a slavic context, National Bolsevism and National Socialism are one and the same? Forgive me but I cant see much difference in the two. Saturday, September 4th, 2004, 02:22 PM That is because the two systems are one and the same! In a future Aryan Empire, a colossal monument must be erected that depicts Adolf and Joseph shaking hands (like brothers). HEIL Hitler! HAIL Stalin! The two men hated each other, Hitler wanted a war of annihalation against Stalin, c'mon you cannot be serious about this? But..hitler wanted to drive eastwards to form a Eurasian block, so were Stalin's aims, but moving West. That should mean they met each other with the same goal, albeit having been Rivals. Sometimes it is those with the most similar ideals that are the most bitter enemies. National-Socialism and Stalinism were very similar, and given time would probably have become even more so. Of course, I am serious about this. Read one of my essays on this topic: http://forums.skadi.net/showthread.php?t=16140 folkandfaith Friday, November 26th, 2004, 08:19 PM ConstantinHow does one define this aristocracy based on spirit? How would this even work? How does one tell if they have "more spirit" then the next guy and this should be in charge of governing others? (If I understand what you are daying correctly that is) Also, why is it that we NEED to be governed by anyone? Why do you not feel that you are capable of governing yourself? Why do you feel that you need a big brother baby sitter with "more spirit" to govern you? Good points on both the Stalinist obsession and the mars station bits. This obsession with mars is simply beyond my understanding. Why do we have to go anywhere? What ought to be done is the fixing of societies in this planet rather then some sci-fi want to abandon hope and go ruin another planet. And when that one becomes nearly unliveable, the same mentality will be advocating we abandon Mars and move to the Moon... From the interview with Phalanx - Polish National Radicals (www.folkandfaith.com/articles/phalanx.shtml (http://www.folkandfaith.com/articles/phalanx.shtml) ) ...Q- Being of Polish Nationality, what if anything is your views on the National Bolshevik movement taking place against Putin in Russia by the likes of Alexandar Dugin and others? Poland and Russia have certainly had their moments in history before, are you worried or excited about this at all? Do you view it as healthy Russian nationalist spirit taking place, or neo-Bolshevik imperialism which the people of Poland, particularly, ought to be weary of? A- In the past Dugin was declaring in his interviews for Polish newspapers directly, that NB anticipates liquidation of independent Poland and other countries in Central Europe. NB is an imperialist Russian way. Russia has always been trying to built its own strength irrespective of the suffering of other nations. It is total absurd, that members and followers of NB movement are treated by some ignorants from the so called, „West” as people who fight for freedom. NB is a pure product of Russian imperialism, it's a way to enslave nations; it's globalisation, totalitarism and slavery. Of course it differs from the New World Order, but it is not better in any way! NB is that kind of alternative for the USA as in the past was Hitler for Stalin... Don't be ignorant and naive! The conflict between Putin and NB movement is totally unimportant. Putin has the same aims as NB, but he wants to reach them using more quiet method, without NB's boorishness. Putin loudly speaks about his aims to put his potential victims on their guard. That's why Putin wants to make them quiet. I hate any form of chauvinism! Q- What do you make of the Eurasian movement? A- Let Europe remain Europe! The idea of Euroasia is promoted by Russians, who have complexes. They are conscious of their Asiatic backgrounds, they are real Euro-Asians, a civilisation hybrid. They want the rest Europe to become Euroasiatic, too. It can be compared to somebody suffering from incurable illness - he wants other people to suffer with him together. „"Euroasians" don't understand Europe and its heritage. Before you say "yes to Euroasia", move to Russian estate in NYC. After week I will ask you again what you think about Euroasia... For many centuries European countries have been fighting with enemies flowing from Asia, such as Arabs, Mongols, Turks, Bolsheviks... This fight built our civilisation. Euroasians (as for instance NB) tend to forget about it and create multicultural hybrid. Besides NB's Eurasianism there are also other variants of this ideology, which are created and supported by pro-Russian ignorants from the West. I cannot treat them seriously.... Saturday, November 27th, 2004, 12:14 AM The following article is one man's interpretation of what has became known as 'National Bolshevism' or the 'Red and Brown Axis.' It does not purport to be an official version of Edward Limonov or the National Bolshevik Party's views any more than it is FolkandFaith.com's views. As with any and all articles on the site, feedback and intelligent dissent is fully welcomed. Offer an intelligent rebuttal and it may get put up on the site as well. As with all other political theories given space on this site, please recall that this is just an alternative view to the mainstream political view. Nationalist Socialism, Nationalist Communism and National Bolshevism by Andrew Webb I've written this essay on the demand of the owner of this ( www.folkandfaith.com (http://www.folkandfaith.com) ) site, in order to make clear some vital distinctions between three ideologies: national socialism, national communism and National Bolshevism. (A note: when I refer to 'the movement' in this essay, I am referring to the large number of anti-'Semitic' and racialist groupings traditionally associated with the Far Right, in North America, Europe and European colonies such as South Africa and New Zealand). NATIONAL BOLSHEVISM http://www.folkandfaith.com/images/natbolsh1.jpgFlag of Edward Limonov's National Bolshevik PartyRussian National Socialist Flag What is National Bolshevism? To answer this, we must look at the development of the socialist idea. It was generally agreed, in the patriotic and anti-Semitic circles in Europe at the time, that the Russian Revolution of 1917 (and the aborted revolutions in Hungary in 1919 and Germany in 1918) were Jewish affairs. Jews had been fomenting subversion against the absolute monarchist regimés of Europe since the days of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, and had appropriated the socialist idea for use as a means of gaining power. This subversion culminated in the Russian Revolution. The Slavic racial element played a role, of course. Contemporaries of the revolution such as Hitler, Spengler and Lothrop Stoddard noted that Russia, since Peter the Great, had been divided into two: on one side, the Westernised Petrine aristocracy, mostly of German stock; on the other, the Asiatic residue possessed of a deep, primitive religiousness and a hostility to anything Western. The Revolution saw an uprising among the Asiatic racial element against the Westernised aristocracy. What the Jews did was harness the Asiatic maelstrom and used it as a stepping-stone to power. Jewish Bolshevists exterminated the Petrine ruling class, and killed and starved millions of Russian supporters of the old regimé, in particular the peasants (who, as a class, have always been despised by Jews everywhere). When does the 'national' in National Bolshevism enter the picture? With Stalin's ascent to power to in 1924, Trotsky's exile in 1928, and the purges of the communist party rank and file (which, as we know, mostly consisted of Jews) in the 1930s, some anti-Semites claimed at the time that this saw the end of Jewish influence in the Soviet Union. Therefore, Hitler and other fascists were mistaken in detecting a Jewish component in Stalinism. This doctrine is one version of National Bolshevism. As well as this, Stalin was condemned by the (Jewish) Trotskyists, for restricting socialism to 'one country', for not fomenting subversion elsewhere. Stalin had made socialism too nationalistic - a 'national socialism', in fact -when socialism, at bottom, is incompatible with nationalism. Stalinist 'national socialism' of this kind is often called National Bolshevism as well. (Wartime Russian propaganda never referred to the Nazis as 'national socialists': that was the term used by the Stalinists to describe their own communism. The communists testifying at the International Military Tribunal always referred to the Nazis and the Wehrmacht as 'Hitlerians' or 'fascists'). In Weimar Germany, some communists, such as the Jew Karl Radek, advocated an alliance between Germany and Communist Russia, as early as 1919. It was felt that were Germany to take such a course, it would be resisting the West, which had imposed the Versailles Treaty upon it. In other words, Germany would turn Bolshevist out of nationalist and geopolitical reasons. That idea survived into the 1930s and could be found in the left-currents of German National Socialism, as represented by Goebbels, the Strasser Brothers, and Ernst Röhm and his communist Brownshirt faction. So far, we have identified three National Bolshevisms: one, anti-Semitic, pre-war Stalinism; two, nationalist communism (or what I call national communism); and three, the advocacy of an alliance between Germany and a Bolshevism which may or may not be Jewish. THE MYTH OF PRE-WAR ANTI-SEMITIC STALINISM Did an anti-Semitic Stalinism of the 1930s exist? In my opinion, no: the notion that Jews had been purged by Stalin in the 1930s is a falsehood. This is proved by the Holocaust Revisionist Walter N. Sanning's The Dissolution of Eastern European Jewry (1983), a study of Jewish demography in Europe and the Soviet Union before and after the "Holocaust". Sanning's figures showed that from 1926 to 1939, the Jewish population in the Soviet Union increased from 2.6 million to 3 million - a jump of over 12%. Furthermore, the Jewish population of Leningrad increased from 84,000 in 1926 to 200,000 in 1940 and the Jewish population of Moscow increased from 131,000 to 400,000 in the same years. As for the war, 200,000 Jews died as servicemen in the Red Army and 130,000 Jewish civilians died in the Nazi-occupied areas of the Soviet Union. An unknown but high percentage of the latter were killed as partisans, or in retaliation for partisan atrocities; others were killed by the Soviet natives for their role in the slaughter and deportation of tens of thousands of Slavs. Added to this, there is plenty of anecdotal evidence concerning Jewish commissars, Jewish partisans, Jewish collaborators with Soviet occupiers, and so on. Jewish communists, and Jews in general, supported the Soviet Union's war against fascism, and certainly the very Jewish Roosevelt administration did. THE DEJUDAISATION OF BOLSHEVISM? Nevertheless, the Soviet Union stopped, at some point, being Jewish. Historians of international relations would agree that the Soviet Union had become an enemy of America (and hence Jewry) sometime around 1948. Stalin, of course, armed Israel in its "war of independence" against the Arabs in 1948, funnelling arms through Czechoslovakia, and the USSR was one of the first States to recognise Israel diplomatically. But 1948 also saw the breakdown of amicable relations between America and the USSR. And by 1953, the year of the 'doctor's plot' and Stalin's aborted plan to exterminate Soviet Jewry, the love affair between the Jews and Soviet communism was over. The question is: why did the Jews fall out with Stalin? The answer, I think, is to be found in Sanning's statistics. The USSR incorporated 2 million Jews in 1940 (with the annexation of Eastern Poland, the Baltic States and North-Eastern Romania), raising its Jewish population from 3 to 5 million. But it lost 1 million Jews in the war, many of those in senior positions in the communist hierarchy. The majority of those fatalities - 700,000 - had died in labour camps in the Siberia and the Urals alongside millions of other Soviet citizens. Stalin had been prepared years in advance for a European assault on the USSR. Before and during the Nazi attack, he deported millions of Soviet citizens (Sanning gives the figure of 25 to 30 million) away from the front line and to Siberia and the Urals. There they were put to work manufacturing arms and electricity. The production of arms and electricity required skilled personnel. Jews occupied the leading administrative positions in the Soviet Union and formed the most educated class, standing at the top of the social pyramid in the Soviet Union, just as they do in America now. Stalin deported them for this reason. (A large number of women and their children were deported because many women were employed in Soviet industry, thanks to feminist reforms). Sanning estimates that of the 3.6 million Soviet Jews living in areas which later came under Nazi control, 80%, or 2.9 million, were evacuated. Five million people alone from the Ukraine were deported, a high proportion of whom were Jews or ethnic Russians (both of whom occupied the leading professional and administrative positions in Ukraine, to the detriment of Ukrainians). Because of the losses in the labour camps, and in combat with European armies, the élite Soviet Jewish class was gutted. Although a large number of Jews remained in the Soviet Union - over 4 million - the power of the Jews there had been broken. (For more on the implications of Sanning's work, see Yggdrasil's essay Princeton Tries to Explain a Drop in Jewish Enrollment; or "What is Communism?" (http://home.ddc.net/ygg/rj/rj-32.htm) This is why neo-fascists who were more sensitive to geopolitical developments, such as Francis Parker Yockey and Jean-Francois Thiriart, proposed an alliance between post-war fascism and Soviet communism. They believed that were the Russians to win the Cold War and overrun Europe, Europe would be dejudaised as well. Therefore, an opening could exist to mobilise the Continent for a war against America (and Israel). NATIONAL COMMUNISM After the war, and the breakup of the European empire, a new phenomenon emerged: national communism, or more accurately, national liberation communism. Yockey held that ever since the First World War, the 'Outer World' (the non-European colonial world) had been agitating against the colonial powers Europe and America. He called the desire of the coloured races to overthrow the white man 'Bolshevism' (although of course, the anti-colonialist tendencies were not restricted to the communism of the USSR). It was Europe's defeat at the hands of America in WWII, Yockey argued, that saw the downfall of the European colonial empire - the largest in history. 'Bolshevism' stood triumphant. Although America, by winning the war against Europe, inherited Europe's empire, it showed no interest in maintaining it, giving the most valuable possessions away (China and India in particular). Many of the 'Outer World' countries did not win their independence at once, having to overthrow colonial rulers like Britain and France by force. The national revolutionaries adopted communism as an anti-colonialist ideology, as communism is uniquely suited to that purpose. But they gave it a different slant from orthodox Soviet Marxist-Leninism, a more 'national' flavour. Hence Maoism, Castroism, Ho Chi Minhism and the rest. This independence from Soviet communism, however, was only ideological. After achieving independence, a country like Vietnam or Cuba would have no option but to join forces with one of the two communist superpowers, China and Russia. By 'National Socialism', I am not referring to the German variety, of course, but a post-war variant of national communism. More or less, other anti-colonialist tendencies in the 'Outer World' did not want to go the whole route towards communism, opting instead for 'socialism', which would see the retention of some private property. In addition, they differed from the national communists in that they followed the policy of non-alignment. This refers to the practice of neutrality in the Cold War: non-aligned countries went with neither the East nor West, choosing instead a 'Third Position'. The most famous exponents of the 'Third Way' were Juan Peron (Argentina), Nassar (Egypt), Sukarno (Indonesia), and a host of other Third World demagogues. Yockey writes, in his essay The World in Flames (1961): No estimate would be complete which leaves two great political developments out of account, both of recent years. The first is the Arab Revolt, led by a great and vigorous man, Gamal Abdul Nasser. The second is the formation of nationalist, neutralist regimes by such brilliant statesmen as Marshal Jozef Broz Tito of Yugoslavia, Nehru of India, Field Marshal Ayub Khan of Pakistan, General Ibrahim Abboud of the Sudan, Sekou Toure of Guinea, Sukarno of Indonesia, Nkruniah of Ghana, and others. These personalities embody an Idea, none are out for money or publicity. They live simply, work for and live for their ideas. One such man, in a position of leadership, is a world-historical force. All lead weak political units, and cannot by themselves fight either of the great world-powers. But all want independence for their people; Nasser, for example, for some 300,000,000 Moslems. Each is a symbol to great human masses. Their significance, in each case, in this Estimate, is that they diminish the Jewish-American power without augmenting the Russian-Chinese power. By their Palestine policy, the Zionists may even succeed in driving the Arab world to fight for Russia. Eventually responsible leadership for a restive mass of some 180,000,000 Latin Americans will evolve. Already the seeds of revolt against Jewish-American economic domination have been sown. Witness Cuba. Nowadays, the surviving national socialist regimes include Libya, Iraq, Syria, and Burma. The Burmese junta are the authors of a manifesto called 'The Burmese Path to Socialism;' Iraq and Syria both subscribe to the Arab nationalist and socialist ideology of Ba'athism. The national socialist regimés mentioned by Yockey have either crossed over into the American sphere of influence or have become irrelevant. Indonesia, India, Pakistan and Egypt now serve as vassals to the West; the African nations have become insignificant - which is another way of saying that they are so strife-torn that no superpower can be bothered gaining a foothold there. (I am speaking of the black African states, of course, not the Arab ones in North Africa: Libya, Tunisia, Morocco and Algeria, because of their proximity to Israel, occupy important places on the geopolitical chessboard). For the most part, the West has regained control over all its errant colonies - except that the Jews of Washington and Tel Aviv, and not Europeans and Americans, now rule 'the West'. JEWISH ANTI-COMMUNISM Up to 1948, we could say that all Jews were united in support of two causes: 'Bolshevism', as defined by Yockey, and the destruction of fascism and monarchism in Europe. Jews, in America and elsewhere, were Stalinist communists or liberal supporters of communism. Then, after 1948, Jewish-controlled America became the biggest enemy of communism. All at once, we saw: former Jewish communists, such as Sydney Hook and Irving Kristol, leading an ideological assault on communism and founding the neoconservative movement; the Red Scare; the coming to American consciousness of the extent of Stalin's cruelty; accusations that the USSR was 'anti-Semitic'; and so on. Why? Yockey's answer was as follows: in 1917, the Jews gained control of the Soviet Union; in 1933, the Jews gained control of America upon the election of Roosevelt; in 1945, the Jews, through the USA, controlled Europe and the entire colonial world; but by 1948 or thereabouts, the Jews had lost control of the Soviet Union, for the reasons described above. At the end of the war, the Jews, possessed a vast European colonial empire; but, with the onset of the Cold War, they had to fight the colonial subjects who wanted 'Third Positionism' or an alliance with the Soviet Union. But Jews are inherent Bolshevists, motivated by one desire: to destroy European-Western civilisation. Their quarrel is not with the peoples of the coloured races, but Westerners. They do not hate Russia with the same intensity that they hate the Germans. As Yockey writes, in The World-: Most of the cinema in North America treats Russia and Russians as interesting and admirable, human and good. The cinema's purpose in the general scheme of propaganda is to control the emotional attitudes of the population. Control of the intellectual attitudes is the work of the press, and here Russia is treated negatively. Why this duality? Every ruling regime gives perforce in its propaganda a picture of itself, and the Washington Zionist regime itself suffers from this quality. Russia is not a total enemy, but a rival. The Korean war, 1950-1953 expressed the limited hostility of the Washington regime toward Russia and its official war-aim was not "victory" or "unconditional surrender" [as per against Nazi Germany], but "a just truce". When the Germans in Russia make some new technical advance, Eisenhower congratulates the Moscow regime. Roosevelt never congratulated Hitler on such occasions. The Russian flag is flown in the United States on all festive, "international" occasions. Never did the German flag appear, nor does it today. The fundamental ineradicable Jewish hatred of Germany appears in the fact that even the Germany they control directly is not permitted to sit among the United Nations, on a par with the other puppets. The spate of anti-German films in the theatres and on television continues unabated. The anti-Russian films are few indeed. One conclusion emerges, of military-political significance: in the Third World War, the Washington regime will list Germany among its enemies. Already the radio propagandists say "Russia and Red Germany." The intention here is, not only that the German rifle battalions be slaughtered by the Russian advance, but that the way be opened for the bombardment of Germany again, this time with more destructive bombs. To a certain extent, Jewry considered communist Russia and China to be friendly rivals, not deadly enemies, like Nazi Germany, which had to be destroyed at all costs. And, certainly, Jewry sympathised with the Bolshevist aims of the Russians and Chinese- eg, the goal of the liberation of the Third World from European and white domination. THE FACTIONAL SPLIT IN JEWRY One of the most common objections to anti-Semitism is that anti-Semites lump all Jews together, making them out to be a monolithic conspiracy, when clearly Jews disagree on a good many questions - Israel for instance. Most rational non-Jews, who are not completely deluded by philo-Semitic and Zionist propaganda, will agree that Israel and its supporters in Diaspora Jewry are a vicious bunch. But, say the incorrigible philo-Semites, 'Not all Jews support Israel. Why, my friend Greenburg hates Israel, and he's a Jew'. The fact that Bush Jr (like every American president before him) is a slave of Israel, and that his foreign policy is written for him by hard-right Zionist Jews like Richard Perle, is an open secret. But we all know, too, that Jews such as Noam Chomsky, Israel Shamir, Israel Shahak, Norman Finklestein and even mainstream Jewish reporters such as Suzanne Goldenberg (of the British newspaper The Guardian) and Orla Guerin (of the BBC) number among the biggest boosters of the Palestinian cause. The dichotomy is explained by the fact that Jewry now is in the possession of the mightiest military and political power in history - the United States - and all the vassal states which the US has conquered through force or diplomacy. As the ruling élite of the Jewish-American State, it is under an obligation to maintain the empire if it does not wish to surrender it. At the same time, it feels sympathy for the 'Third World', even for the Palestinians in their national liberation struggle against Israel. Jewry is divided into two factions: on the left, we find the liberal Zionist or anti-Zionist Jews who feel that the Arabs are their natural allies in the struggle against European civilisation; on the right, the neoconservative hawks - a tendency represented now by Richard Perle and Paul Wolfowitz - who want to use goyim armies to annihilate the enemies of Israel. Yockey, describing the factional split in Jewry, writes in The World- that: It is a psychological riddle, decipherable only thus: the Zionists have two minds, which function independently. As Zionists, they are committed to the destruction of the Western Civilization, and in this they sympathize with Russia, with China, with Japan, with the Arabs, and as such they anathematize Germany, which is the mind and heart of the Western Civilization. As custodians of the United States, they must half-heartedly remain at least the technical and political domination of that Civilization even while destroying its soul and its meaning. In a word, they are working simultaneously for and against the Western Civilization. Quite obviously they are thus doing more damage than conferring benefit! If a commander of a fortress sympathizes with the enemy, but yet insists in defending the fortress rather than surrendering it, he has surely found the highest formula of destruction. GOOD JEW, BAD JEW William Pierce, in a radio talk, once spoke of the factional divisions in the (2002) coalition government in Israel: on one side, Shimon Peres, the leader of the Labour Party, the "dove"; on the other, Ariel Sharon, the leader of the Likud, the "hawk". Peres and Sharon, Pierce said, were 'good cop and bad cop', or at least hoped to present themselves as so to the goyim of the West. Clearly one could not find two Jews more dissimilar than, for instance, radical leftist Noam Chomsky and extreme Likudnik Richard Perle - but are they that dissimilar? Both the Zionists and anti-Zionists only differ in the field of foreign policy. The Zionist Right in America generally agrees with the social program of the anti-Zionist Left. That is, both favour: more forced immigration of non-whites; more multiculturalism; more MTV; more pornography; more cultural nihilism; more permissiveness towards Negro and Hispanic crime; more attacks on the cultural heritage of Europeans and Americans; and so on. Certainly neither Jewish faction can abide any Nazism, fascism, anti-Semitism or "racism" of any sort (although the neoconservative Right is sympathetic to anti-Muslim "racism"). Holocaust Revisionism is definitely out. The truth of the matter Jewish-American "liberals" and "conservatives" are working towards the same Jewish-Bolshevist goals: they only disagree on how these are to be implemented. The neoconservatives believe that 'democracy' and 'free markets' will do the trick and should be imposed upon recalcitrant Muslim nations, by force if necessary. The radical Jewish-American left, on the other hand, focuses on domestic policy: it wants to eliminate 'capitalism'. That 'capitalism' is not, of course, Jewish capitalism (Jews are the wealthiest economic group in America), but the capitalism of the Rockefellers and Fords and other Yankee, WASP, East Coast plutocrats - the kind who ruled America before the ascent to power of Roosevelt and his gang of Jewish liberals and crypto-communists. The America before 1933, as Pierce wrote, was, for all its faults, healthy and white, and for this reason the American Jews of both the Right and Left hate it and want to extirpate it. The neoconservatives may not be as obsessed with destroying European culture and civilisation from within as the liberal and anti-Zionist Jews are, but this is because they give the political destruction of enemies of Israel more priority than anything else. Even so, the neoconservatives are not completely indifferent to domestic politics. They will use the opportunity of a civil state of emergency, like the present one that exists in America, to crack down on white nationalists, anti-Semites, Holocaust Deniers, and so on. OPPORTUNITIES & STRATEGIES The Bush administration, since 9-11, has been a godsend for anti-Semites: America, as a power, has become completely Israelised; it emanates the obnoxiousness, the self-centredness, the solipsism and the bullying arrogance of the Jew. As a result, it has alienated the Muslim world and not a few independent-thinking Europeans, of all political persuasions, as well. (At this rate, we can only hope that Bush and his neoconservative coterie win re-election in 2004). It is possible that Jewry will win its war against the Muslim enemies of Israel: after all, it won the war against Nazi Germany, and against post-Stalinist Russia - both of whom were tougher opponents than the Arabs. But the world has become tired of Jews. One can say that Jewry has long been the chairman of the board of the 'Bolshevist' corporation, but now the shareholders - the coloured peoples of the Third World countries the USA rules or seeks to rule - are becoming disgruntled. Perhaps the coloured peoples will look for, and find, a new leader in the person of Russia or China. What of the peoples of European descent? Should they join forces, like the National Bolshevists of old, with the Third World enemies of Jewry - ie, China, Russia and the 'rogue states'? Obviously, the National Bolshevism of Yockey, Thiriart, Otto Remer ended in failure: by the 1980s, it was apparent to all that any alliance between European nationalists and the USSR would fail to deliver the goods. The world economy had been torn apart in the 1970s, and the USSR's brand of socialism - unlike China's - was incapable of weathering the storm. The USSR, then, was placed in a position of extreme weakness, with the results we all know. We in the movement sided with a loser; it is possible that, by siding with the Arabs, we are siding with another loser, and that the Arabs will be defeated just as the Russians were. One of the problems with Arab nationalism and Islamic fundamentalism is that neither of them possesses a true antagonism towards the Jews and Israel. The truth is that Judaism is part and parcel of the Arabic-Middle Eastern culture, history and civilisation. At bottom, the quarrel between the Arabs and the Jews is nothing more than a brother's quarrel - like, for instance, a quarrel between French and Germans. The Muslims really only make two demands on America and Israel: that Israel withdraw from the Occupied Territories, evacuate the settlements, and allow the formation of a Palestinian State; and that Israel withdraw from the Golan Heights. Were Israel to do so, it would guarantee peace with the Palestinians and with Syria, and the entire Muslim world, and we in the West would lose an ally in the Arabs. On the other hand, we in the West who are aware of the Jews' true character have grievances against the Jew too numerous to mention. At bottom is our visceral disgust for the Jew: we do not see him as a wayward brother, as the Muslims do, but a total enemy who is completely foreign to us and who is responsible for the most terrible crimes in history. We will not be satisfied by a mere Israeli withdrawal from the Territories and the Golan - what good would that do us? Eventually, we in the West will need to wage war against the Jew - a total, no-holds barred, war. The Arabs and the rest of the coloured world will have no stomach for that: their opposition to the Jew is merely political, not racial, cultural, spiritual. Furthermore, the Arabs and the rest of the Third World will oppose the revival of an America and a Europe under a white, as opposed to Jewish, leadership. The three superpowers today are China, Russia and Israel-America. The coloured races have no real objection to this arrangement: they much prefer that America and Europe be ruled by Jews than by whites, for Jews are fellow members of the 'Bolshevist' club, and victims, like them, of Western "racism" and oppression. Suppose that the Negroes of America were given a choice between the present Jewish-controlled politicians - who at least can be counted upon to give them plenty of welfare - and a government of white separatists: who would they choose? The question answers itself. FNF NOTE: At this point I must object. Why should they have to choose between either? Why not give them a government and a community/land of their own which they and they alone are responsible for its success or failure? It is true that Westerners who want to overthrow Jewish rule are in a vulnerable position, that we need all the help we can get - and that means help from the Russians, Chinese and the Arabs. American nationalists should not even spurn offers of assistance from disaffected Negroes and Hispanics. THE VERDICT ON NATIONAL SOCIALISM Whether or not one adopts a National Bolshevist stance - and by that I mean a stance of anti-Semitic socialism - depends on one's economic views. Some in the movement see capitalism as a degrading, exploitative, unstable economic system which must be replaced with socialism at all costs; others have no problem with it. Clearly, socialism, at the present, is further away from realisation in the Western world more than ever. Despite the recurring financial and economic crises which have occurred since 1970, capitalism still endures. I would venture to say that, at this point in time, socialism - or even corporatism, which has been championed by many distinguished theorists of post-war fascism - is an unrealistic option. At any rate, we in the movement should strive for product differentiation: that is, offering prospective recruits something they will not find in, for instance, the ideologies of anarchism/Marxism, environmentalism, conservatism, and so on. Our strength lies in our willingness to address racial politics, and, above all, our willingness to name the Jew. Certainly anti-Semitism is compatible with a wide variety of ideologies: there is no reason why the Green parties around the world should not stand on anti-Semitic, anti-Israel platforms and espouse Holocaust denial. Likewise, there is no reason why a 'pink' liberal cannot be racialist: after all, the Democrat Party in America was the bastion of Southern racialism for many years. But it just so happens that only our movement is left to take up cudgels on the race question and the Jew question. The Jews and their vassals have seized control of all the disparate political factions of the West - on both the Left and Right - and succeeded in removing any "racist" and anti-Semitic ideological elements. The movement, on the other hand, has been left alone. Part of this is because our movement, in the post-war years, has been too small and unimportant for the Jews to infiltrate and take over; but mostly it is because we have deliberately fostered an environment in which no Jew could ever feel welcome. As a result, we in the movement have the monopoly on racialism and anti-Semitism, and, in these present times, when the Jewish domination of American and European policy is becoming clear to even the most imperceptive individuals, we should be exploiting that monopoly as much as possible. That means, then, putting our doctrines on economics and social policy on the back burner for the time being. The movement, at the present, is incapable of steering the Western world towards socialism: but it can foment anti-Semitism, which will do more to destabilise the Jewish (and Masonic?) political and financial power structure more than any socialist polemics. Russian National Unity and National Bolshevik Flags provided courtesy of FOTW. For further information on the flags of the rising 'Red and Brown Axis,' visit:NAT. BOLSH. FLAGS (http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ru}naz.html) FNF NOTE: The author's conclusion that for now, we must place all other Social Justice issues and environmental concerns aside are entirely disagreed with. Our greatest strength is that we are not just simple minded racists like the majority of the "movement" he speaks of. Our strengths are given to us by the fact that we are concerned with a plethora of issues, folkish autonomy is but one of the many issues we are taking heed to. Those that only concentrate one the one issue, we believe, are doomed to failure. The so-called "movement" that is referred to throughout the article has only that one cause. It is for that reason that their "movement" is stagnant and hasn't moved anywhere for decades. The very thought of giving space on one of their websites to causes like National Bolshevism, National Anarchism, and Third Position movements would send most of these pathetic right-wing reactionaries into anaphylactic shock! Instead, we must move forward, not left or right, and continue in the fight for National Freedom, as well as Social Justice! To discuss this Article and other issues please visit the Folk And Faith Discussion Board. (http://www.folkandfaith.com/invisionboard) we abandon Mars and move to the Moon... Wrong. First the moon, then Mars! Japetos Friday, December 10th, 2004, 09:27 PM http://www.limonka.net/nbp/images/flag.jpg ESSENCE OF NATIONAL-BOLSHEVISM 1. Essence of National-bolshevism is the incinerating hatred to antihuman SYSTEM of the trinity: liberalism / democracy / capitalism. The man of uprising, national-bolshevik sees his mission in destruction of SYSTEM up to the basis. On ideals spiritual courage, social and national justice the traditionalistic, hierarchical community will be constructed. 2. Foreign enemies of National-bolshevism: the large Satan - USA and mondialists of Europe, incorporated in NATO and UN. Internal enemies: a class of "jackets" - boyars - bureaucrats, marauders - "new Russian", cosmopolitan intelligentsia. 3. Global purpose of National-bolshevism is the creation of Empire from Vladivostok up to Gibraltar on the basis of Russian civilization. The purpose will be achieved in four stages: a ) Transformation of Russian Federation into the national state Russia by Russian Revolution, b) Joining of the territories of former republics of the Soviet Union, inhabit by Russians c) Rallying around of Russians Eurasian nations of the former USSR. d) Creation of huge continental Empire. 4. Having come to power, NBP will make revolutionary on the scales of transformation in Russia, will construct the TOTAL STATE, the human rights will concede a place to the rights of a nation. Inside the country the iron Russian order, climate of discipline, bellicose and diligence will be established. 5. The parliament of Russia will consist of two Houses: House of the deputies (450 places) will be legislative and elective; the second House becomes House of the representatives (900 places), consultative and not elective. In the second House the representatives of the nation under the people offers will be put forward: the trades, ages, authorities public and religious will be submitted. The head of government will lean on House of the representatives, receiving recommendations from it. 6. Russia will be divided into strategic districts, governed from the center; the national republics and lands will be abolished, and their "presidents" are dispersed. GEOPOLICY 7. Denounce Belovejsk conspiracy, and as a consequence, the borders of Russia will be reconsidered. Let's unite all Russian in one state. The territories of "republics," which have broken away from us, where Russian population makes more than 50 %, will be joined to Russia by realization local referendums and their support by Russia (The Crimea, Northern Kazakhstan, Narva region, etc.) Aspiration of national minorities to separatism will be ruthlessly suppressed. 8. In foreign policy we shall turn back to USA, turn by the person to Asia. On continent the friendship with Germany, Iran, India, Japan is possible. 9. We shall dissolve all of the contracts with West. First of all we shall say Fuck off to International Currency Fund. Let's refuse to give back the credits and we shall arrest all foreign investments in Russia. We shall chuck dollar out from us under back by a leg. To stop aggressive invasion of the imported goods and their low-standard mass-culture, lower iron curtain on our borders. The entry into global world market economy has killed economy of Russia. It is harmful to us. There is everything in Russia. 10. Russian Socialism, economic system focused for the boon of the majority of the population will be created. The economy will be based on a principle of progressive nationalization. 5 men work at the enterprise - it can be private (individual), 55 - should be collective, 555 - is in the property regional, 5555 - belongs to the state. In the transition period NBP establish economic dictatorship. 11. Military men, budget men, pensioners, all low paid layers of the population will be completely released from the taxes. The habitation will be gratuitously transferred to usage living in it. Empty standing apartments will be turned over to the veterans of wars in Chechnya and Afghanistan, many-children and young families. We shall establish a wage level not below living minimum, room and payment for municipal services, will be frozen. Let's enter strong, fixed prices for the basic products of a feed: bread, potatoes, oil, cereals, milk, beef. 12. The soil will belong only to state, i.e. all of us. The incomes from rent of it will act in budget of the state. The state will encourage large specialized farms as on the basis of collective farms and state farms, and any facilities of a new type bringing profit to nation. 13. The export and sale outside of Russia of raw material, electric power, precious metals, gas, petroleum and weapon, and also gold will make the extremely state. It (he) will posess a defensive industry. 14. The purpose of economic reforms of NBP will be creation complete economic self-sufficiency of Russia. CULTURE. SCIENCE. FREEDOM 15. NBP is firmly sure, that the culture should grow as a wild tree. To cut it we are not going. Complete freedom. "Do that you want" will be your unique law. 16. All vital for a nation the fundamental sciences will be financed priority from the budget of the state. By the scientist and inventors we shall create paradise conditions. 17. Freedom of a nation from aggression of mondialism is a pledge of freedom of an individual. NBP - for modernity, for modernization, avant-garde, but we are the extreme opponents of violent imposing to us of western values and foreign-made "misters teachers". PUNISHMENTS 18. We shall judge and we shall punish guilty for a state crime accomplished by the supreme officials of the state since January 1, 1986. 19. We shall confiscate all incomes and savings of the persons, who caused to Russia economic damage deceived and gathered citizens since January 1, 1986. 20. In State Security will be generated special department for returning the Russian capitals which have flowed away abroad. The thieves will be seized there, and will be forced to give back stolen. The chiefs of swindle of funds, banks and campaigns will be given up on tearing to pieces of the depositors. 21. We shall smash criminal world. Its best representatives will go on a service of a nation and state. Others will be destroyed by military methods. 22. To the former officials of CPSU (KPSS) down to a level of the secretaries of the factory committees we shall forbid to be engaged both political, and commercial activity. The prohibition will not be distributed to the ordinary members of CPSU (KPSS). 23. NBP is not left and not right, but national party of Russians. Russian is defined not on blood and not on creed. THE ONE WHO CONSIDERS RUSSIAN LANGUARGE AND RUSSIAN CULTURE - HIS OWN, HISTORY of RUSSIA - HIS OWN HISTORY, WHO HAS SPILLED AND IS READY TO SPILL THE OWN AND ANOTHER'S BLOOD IN A NAME OF RUSSIA AND ONLY FOR IT, ANY OTHER NATIVE LAND AND NATION DOES NOT THINK, IS RUSSIAN. 24. NBP leans in it activity extremely on active minority. First of all, on socially unsatisfied youth: provincials, "businessmen", workers, military, students, marginals, militiamen. Who was nothing, that becomes Dzerjinsky, Hebbels, Molotov, Voroshilov, Chiano, Hering, Jukov. Russia all will belong to us. 25. With the purposes of prevention of degeneration of a ruling clique, as it happened with KPSS, NBP will carry out permanent revolution and purges in, and not only in it, rows. THE SLOGAN. A GREETING. A BANNER 26. The slogan of NBP: "Russia is everything, rest is nothing!" A Greeting: thrown out forward and in the party a hand with the compressed fist, and exclamation: "Yes, Death!" Banner: red, with a white circle in the middle, in a circle a black sickle and hammer. A party symbol: the image grenade "Limonka". 1994 year. http://www.limonka.net/nbp/eng/programme.html friedrich braun Wednesday, January 12th, 2005, 03:56 PM I find myself in agreement with many points of national bolshevism; especially, in its violent hatred of the decadent West. Examining a period which extends from 1870 to November 1927 (date of the triumph of Stalin in the 15th congress of the Communist Party), Agursky's book covers successively different facets of Russian national bolshevism:the contribution to it by non-Marxist revolutionary parties, its relations with the proto-fascists of the Union of the Russian People, the ultra-bolshevik faction "Forward 1", the futurist influence, the importance of Jewish intellectuals in national-bolshevism, and Smenovexism. The Non-Marxist Heritage of the National-Bolsheviks This of Aleksandr Herzen which figures that Russian socialism would benefit from pan-Slavism and that Russia was a young nation, in better health than the West, whose future was to create an Empire "which would contain the Rhine, would go to the Bosphore and on the other side would extend up to the Pacific".This of Mikhail Bakunin, anarchist with a nationalist basis who made himself the supporter of Nikolai Muraviev-Amursky, governor of Siberia who conquered a part of the territories of the Far East with the agreement of the government, and who figured that the Slavs should have a national interest in revolution. This of the Prussian, Ferdinand Lassalle, whose socialism mixed with a very strong nationalism and a statism no less strong. This of the populists, principally after the revolution when numerous members of the Revolutionary Socialist Party join the bolsheviks, as the SR were traditionally opposed to the capitalist West and, messianists, believed that the Russian people would create its own form of socialism which would be the avant-garde of all humanity. Red Flags and Black Hundreds Starting in march 1917, most of the 3,000 members of the URP (at the same time the bolsheviks were only 10,000), started either to join the Bolshevik Party or to work for it after the Revolution. Thus one sees the journals of the Black Hundreds calling for the dictatorship of the proletariat, the head of the URP students in Kiev, Yuri Piatakov, becoming one of the heads of the Bolshevik extreme-left, some less known militants becoming responsible for Soviets or working in the Cheka (later-KGB), while numerous others became important membres of the Orthodox Church loyal to the regime (the head of the URP of Tiflis became also the Metropolitan Varfolomei and died of natural causes, at 90 years of age, in 1956). The Faction "Forward!" Most of the leaders of "Forward!" prospered under Stalin and not one of them had to suffer from the purges. One can consider them as the theoreticians of the national and totalitarian turn of Bolshevism. If a lot of their ideas are very interesting in themselves and would merit long developments (the Faustian concept of life, belief in the creation of an over-humanity, totalitarian democracy valuing the group and negating individuality) they concern us principally because they have contributed largely to the development of Russian national-bolshevism firstly by the deification of the Russian people which gave birth to a semi-religious movmement "The Constructors of Gods", followed by an absolute rejection of the West. On this point they affirm that Russia was (after the revolution) a colony of the West, that their revolutionary tradition was purely Russian, and that the Revolution of 1917 had a national element. Finally it was the members of "Forward!" who were at the origin of the Proletcult (proletarian culture) affirming that the people is the only creator of the culture and that deviant individualities must be eliminated. The Nationalism of the Futurists The Russian futurists range in their totality in the camp of Soviet intellectuals to which they brought a solid nationalism developed since their appearance well before the war. Insisting on the purity of the language, they proposed the exclusion of terms of foreign origin from the Russian vocabulary. Favoured intellectuals, they travel therefore "to the West" from which they mostly left reactions citing its decadence and its weakness opposed to the youth and force of the Russian East, affirming that "The light of the East is not only a liberation for the workers. The light of the East is a new attitude for man, woman, and things", or writing, "I moo like a bull, being lucky that my motherland - my mother - is the Russian land, the Russian land, the Russian land! I am ready to live my life anew, by only knowing the words 'Russian land'. I do not know a more profound bliss than to be Russian. I do not know sensations deeper than being Russian, a true Russian." A Jewish National-Bolshevism Vladimir Tan-Bogoraz, coming from the most radical wing of the populist movement, became the director of the Institute of Religions. Violently anti-Christian, he showed a certain preference for Islam, seeing in the God of the Old Testament a populist-terrorist and his writings resent the influence of the cabal. Affirming himself proud of being accused of national-bolshevism, he saw in the reign of Peter the Great an example for the new regime and demonstrated a very strong anti-Westernism. Smenovexism, A National-Bolshevism in Emigration Teaching at the University of Moscow, Ustrialov became known in 1916 for collaborating with the periodical <<Problemy velikoi Rossii>> ("Problems of Great Russia") and by defending in it Russian expansionism and a strong State. The same year he gave conferences on the slavophiles, where he affirmed that Russia had a global mission. An active member of the Kadet Party, he witnessed with satisfaction the fall of Tsarism and collaborated in the daily <<Utro Rossii>> ("Morning of Russia") where he affirmed that the Bolshevik Revolution was really authentically Russian, just as he criticised the orientation of the exterior politics of the Bolsheviks. In the summer of 1918, he had to flee from Moscow and joined the zone held by the armed Whites. A refugee sometimes in Omsk, he ended up emigrating to China in Harbin, whence he criticised the counter-revolutionary forces linked too closely for him to foreign interests . . . In November 1920, Ustrialov, with three exiled poets who will later become celebrated Soviet writers, founded the magazine <<Okno>> ("Window"). His influence was immediately very great in the emigration, some national-bolshevik conferences were held in Paris, a Smena Vex bulletin appeared in Prague, a daily "Nakanun" ("On the eve of") was published in Berlin and an important militant group appeared in Bulgaria (its head was later assassinated by the Whites). In Russia even, smenovexism did not pass unnoticed, Lenin envisioned a triumphal return of Ustrialov to Moscow (in fact that did not happen but most of his partisans returned to Russia), had some Smena Vex articles published in Pravda, financed Nakanun secretly, and evoked favourably the existence of this current during the 11th Congress of the Communist Party in March 1922. After the death of Lenin, the Smenovexists who sustained the attacks of Kamenev, Buxarin, and Trotsky, were defended by Stalin personally as one said that he appreciated them a lot. It is said that during his expulsion from the USSR, Trotsky cried out, "It's the victory of Ustrialov!" From a theoretical point of view, Ustrialov who thought in terms of the measure of power, affirmed that "Only a State physically powerful can possess a great culture. The small powers can, by nature, prove their elegance, honour, even heroism, but they are organically incapable of grandeur; that requires a grand style, a protection in the great unity of thought and action". He considered also that: While one of his disciples, the poet Vladimir Xolodkovsky, cried, "The USSR is not only a state of the development of Russia as an ethno-geographic entity, it is a turning point in the evolution of nationality in humanity. If the Moscow of Kalita was able to bring together the Russian land into a great empire by glory and oppression, Soviet Moscow has started to bring together the land into an Empire of the workers and of liberty". Russian National-Bolshevism Since 1927 Which ideological genealogy can one trace to the national-bolshevik dissidents at the beginning of the 1970s? Whether these be the members of the Fetisov group (in the name of A.A. Fetisov who quit the CP in order to protest against destalinisation) affirmant that "leninism has incomparably more in common with Russian Orthodoxy and Slavophilism than with Marxism and Catholicism" and that "only a union of Orthodox Russia with Leninism can produce this view of the ideal world for the Russian people which will create a synthesis of the entire experience of the people through the centuries". Or whether it be a question of the "ultras" of Gennadiy Shimanov, paritsans of the Third Rome who figured that the Soviet regime was the only political organisation which was able to oppose "the Western democratic rot" and to mobilise the people towards a new historical goal: Empire. Whether it be also, finally the national-bolshevik affiliation of the leaders of the current All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, the Russian Communist Party, or the Communist Party of the Russian Workers and some political groups and journals classed in the "red-brown" circle. http://www.bolsheviks.org/DOCUMENTS/Russian%20National-Bolshevism%20By%20Christian%20Bouchet.ht m Stig NHF Bolshevism and radical nationalism/racialism are contradicting terms, it is just a joke. norcalnative1971 Bolshevism is the manifestation of Judaism which has killed tens of millions of our people. "National Bolshevism" is an oxymoron. Skildur Monday, February 7th, 2005, 05:14 AM National bolshevism is already dead, actually it never was taken too seriously - just another opposition to the goverment, just another political joke. Forget about it. Konstas Saturday, June 25th, 2005, 02:01 PM I don't disagree that this movement special in Russia and in other countries is hopeful and auspicious from a way of view. It is interesting as a historic and a politico-ideological... effect. Mr. Alexander Dugin is a serius and a person of quality, and he has a neuralgic "job" in modern russian reality and some of his articles are really interesting special those with geopolitical subjectsand those with "eurasian consern". But don't you think that Mr. Limonof isn't a man with seriuw tasks and he cares mostly for his fun sort and long dated and he has not an objective aims. Lesbian girls, childy posters and mix-multi racism..... I put forward some pictures, to understand exactly what I mean, from Limonof's website. I don't understand your point. What is your remarks? Of course there are potentially hundreds, but I don't understand yours, unfortunately. T.S Waarnemer Could someone explain to me the principals of national-bolshevism and also the eurasian vision from what i understand is also a part of NB. NB is a rather complex world-view, which I will explain shallowly with this text I wrote yesterday: It relates NB to other ideologies, Hitlerism, Marxism and liberalism. It differs between METHOD and IDEOLOGY. All ideologies are dualistic. NB is essentially: 1. Against the Modern World (the Western civilisation). 2. National-Revolutionary (i.o.w: liberation of nations, not independence of nation-states) instead of Class-Revolutionary (Revolutionary nations, not classes). 3. Accepts the ideas of civilisations and their core-nations. ....all this can continue. NB is a method, and world-view, but have different meanings to different people. KAMPIDEOLOGI: TELEOLOGY OF ETERNAL STRUGGLE, by Thomas Sutter THE DUALISTIC RATIONALE Ideas inspire, but doesn't change history alone. Yet whole civilisations could be possessed by an idea, even though it's not a result of divine wisdom, but the social and material existence of those who inhabit it. Ideas, in tune with time and place, affect people. Inspire them to great deeds and zealousness, whether it be Scholasticism, Sufism, Socialism etc. The totalism of ideas are ideologies; scientific world-views that explains all aspects of life on a metaphysical and physical basis. Ideologies are Western only and a result of the 'Enlightenment' era of our civilisation. What differs ideologies of the West from the world-views of the Rest is the unconditional foundation that exist beyond all its theoretical applications: the teleology of eternal struggle. An ideology is often differentiated from 'political methods' (such as Nationalism, Fascism and Anarchism) because of the rigid structure of thought required to comprehend and 'use' it. In this aspect ideology is nothing more than religion is secular clothing, and vice versa. Furthermore, ideologies are universalist and manichean: there are two forces that hold the world and the struggle between these has formed world history, and one of these has to be defeated in an absolute age. This is the metaideological and teleological assumptions of all ideologies: secular/rational Gnosticism. As example, Hitler's weltanschauung were an ideological Gnosticism, just as Marxist historicism. To them the world and history is a struggle between two entities: the morally just Aryan/Proletarian (innovative, creative) and the decadent Semite/Bourgeouise (Parasitic, destructive). In the epic trench war between the Good and the Evil everything else in the world are just pawns; Classes, Ideas, Art, people, races, Nations, Cultures, environment a.s.o is solely cannon fodder to one of the sides in the eternal world war. Thus Hitler claimed that Soviet Communism was Jewish, because it objectively pushed forward the positions of the Semites. To the Marxists however, Hitlerism was just a Bourgeousie reaction to Proletarian revolution, and thus an objectively contra-revolutionary NATIONAL-BOLSHEVISM AS THE ULTIMATE GNOSTICISM To National-Bolshevism, these dualisms are the reason for its existence; Liberal-Democrats view history as the struggle between Open Society and its enemies, between freedom and tyranny. To Marxists' the split between the Proletarian branch and the Bourgeousie branch began during early agriculture societies, to eventually reach the historical climax: the final battle between the Master and the Slave. To Hitlerists the different races parted during the same time, with the result that the two most antagonistic tribes came to battle eachother with the rest of the world as weapons and tools. Ideologies are meant to provoke struggle, thus history must be explained as a struggle, which the right side will inevitably and according to objective laws, win. National-Bolshevism is the ultimate incarnation of struggle ideologies, because its intellectual existence owes everything to other ideologies' dualisms: to NB even the ideologies themselves are tools in a even greater historical struggle, the one between civilisations and its core-nations. National-Bolshevism thus even identifies itself in relation to Samuel Huntington's "Clash of Civilisation", despite it being a 'enemy' (Atlanticist) book. Francis Fukuyama's "End of History" thus produced the Duginist "End of Time". National-Bolshevism is the immune defence of the planet and its life-forms; it reacts to assault against the body, and is the mirror-image of its opponents. Eurasianism is the future. But it isn't "exclusiveness" of NB ideology. That's my opinion anyway... Neither the idea of a struggle against the Modern World. Was Evola a...bolshevic? The point that I can not understand is what they have to do two lesbian girls in a political website? Just that. To attract the notice of the "sexual" minorities? Or it is a kind of "modern art". Dugin is a serius person and he has a serius "profile" too, but I think that Limonof doesn't care very much... about the image of his party. From the other hand I think that maybe he is working for the secret intelligence service of Russia and if he does, then his political "divorcement" with Dugin is false... And I still can't understand why the n.bolshevics have annexes to countries with no geopolitical interesting like he country of this poor mix guy... And at last do they care for the white race or just for Russia? Explane to me please. "Eurasianism is the future. But it isn't "exclusiveness" of NB ideology. That's my opinion anyway... Neither the idea of a struggle against the Modern World. Was Evola a...bolshevic?" Eurasianism is, de facto, exclusively National-Bolshevik. That was its original meaning in early NB (German), and nationalist Bolsheviks under Stalin. Being against the modern world isn't exclusively NB, but (according to Dugin) NB is the incarnation of ALL anti-modern forces. That's b-s though. "The point that I can not understand is what they have to do two lesbian girls in a political website? Just that." They aren't necessarily lesbian. It's not politics, it's art. I don't understand all the moralisms of some European racialists; more or less Puritan and Taliban. European burkha for women? "To attract the notice of the "sexual" minorities?" Russia has no sexual minorities that we're used too, atleast not in any large degree. "Dugin is a serius person and he has a serius "profile" too, but I think that Limonof doesn't care very much... about the image of his party. From the other hand I think that maybe he is working for the secret intelligence service of Russia and if he does, then his political "divorcement" with Dugin is false..." Well, in fact it's Dugin's party that was financed by security services, and Dugin eats from the Kreml hand. Limonov and NBP has always been persecuted, I might add. "And I still can't understand why the n.bolshevics have annexes to countries with no geopolitical interesting like he country of this poor mix guy... And at last do they care for the white race or just for Russia?" You meant that negro? He's no NBP anymore, I heard long time ago. Anyway, he lived in Riga or something, so he was part of Latvian NBP, I guess. One can't care for either the white race or Eurasia. It's the Russians that will save our races, destroy the west: that's the essence of Eurasianism today. @ Deling. Could you give me some websites? Or books i can read, i have no idea if there are but nevertheless www.bolsheviks.org - always good, don't forget the link page and article page. www.nbp-info.org - English site of the banned National-Bolshevik Party. Regarding books it may get a little problematic. Drugaja Rossija does only exist in Russian, and books like National Bolshevism (Harvard, David "Jew" Brandenberg) is expensive, the German NB books from the 20'ties often isn't translated. Check/search Oswald Spengler, F.P Yockey, Jean Thiriart, Eduard Limonov (on eXile), Alexandr Dugin, neo-Eurasianism a.s.o on the net to find the philosophical-political foundation of NB. On this site there are many of Dugin's 1990'ties texts, before he sold out: http://www.arctogaia.com/public/engl1.htm Being against the modern world isn't exclusively NB, but (according to Dugin) NB is the incarnation of ALL anti-modern forces. That's b-s though. Indeed. I just got done explaining the flaws on this style of thinking over at Milesian's board. By trying to unite all anti-modern forces, you're creating a loose coalition of many groups that have absolutely nothing in common except they hate the modern world. It's extremely naive to believe that Traditionalist Catholics could ever cooperate with say New Age hippies for example. And history has shown that such loose alliances never last and are highly prone to schism. A perfect example of this was the First International, which united all leftists from Marxists to Anarchists to Trade Unionists, etc. Yet each group had its own agenda. The Marxists and Anarchists never liked each other, and their rivalry eventually caused the International's downfall. I used to be interested in National Bolshevism, and I'll concede it's better than traditional Marxism and definately Trotskyism. But quite frankly, I prefer more traditionalist based nationalism. "Indeed. I just got done explaining the flaws on this style of thinking over at Milesian's board. By trying to unite all anti-modern forces, you're creating a loose coalition of many groups that have absolutely nothing in common except they hate the modern world. It's extremely naive to believe that Traditionalist Catholics could ever cooperate with say New Age hippies for example." But Dugin's Eurasia movement was created by all sorts of anti-modernists; rabbis, muftis a.s.o. Uniting a front based on idealistical religious feelings, pointing to Zoroastrian roots, is illusions that doesn't take realities, but dogmas, into consideration. "Peoples' Fronts", uniting many nations into an alliance against a common threat is one thing, uniting religious cults into such an alliance against the West is bizarre and anachronic; Religions divides, nations doesn't need too. Most contradictionary is that Duginists are pro-Putin, and Putin is Russia's greatest Westernizer (Sure, Peter I, but he westernized the over-class and its institutions, not the people) and Yankee friend ever. Dugin sure is the mirror-image of Samuel Huntington, in all respects; a realpolitican without political power, filling up the gap with idealistic nonsense. I like some of his writings though. By Dugin's own admission, Eurasianism(or his varient of it) consists of these elements: http://www.arctogaia.com/public/eng2.htm Here are the ways of resistance to modern world: * Orthodoxy (revolutionary + esotheric and hesyhasmic) * Islam (Iranian, shiite, revolutionary one + sufism) * Traditionalism * Conservative Revolution * National-bolshevism * The Third Way * Eurasianism ( + Neoeurasianism) * Russia * Socialism * Islamic Socialism * Nationalism * Nonconformity * Anarchism from the right (and left wing) * Social Revolution * Extremism * Alternative Geopolitics * Cultural Radicalism * Hard-mysticism * Subversive Counter-culture * Hard-occultism * Continentalism (in Geopolitics) * Apocaliptic Terror * Tantrism * Dsog-chen * Eschatologism * New Right ("Nouvelle Droite" not in anglo-saxon but in a french and italian sence) * New Left * Anticapitalism * Revolutionary Syndicalism * Last Empire * New Aeon * Judgement Day Quite a list, and one which proves my point. How on earth you can get everyone of these to cooperate is beyond me. Eurasianism is, de facto, exclusively National-Bolshevik. Not really. There are non-NB forms of Eurasianism. I know many Ukrainian nationalists like UNA-UNSO adhere to a form of it, and they're not NB. The original Eurasists of the 1920's were pro-Bolshevik but they were not Communists or NB per se, in fact they even had ties with many emigre Whites. It'd be more accurate(though not entirely) to say that Neo-Eurasianism(which Dugin is considered the founder of) is NB. "Not really. There are non-NB forms of Eurasianism. I know many Ukrainian nationalists like UNA-UNSO adhere to a form of it, and they're not NB. The original Eurasists of the 1920's were pro-Bolshevik but they were not Communists or NB per se, in fact they even had ties with many emigre Whites. It'd be more accurate(though not entirely) to say that Neo-Eurasianism(which Dugin is considered the founder of) is NB." You're right, Eurasianism emerged in emigrant circles in Prag a.s.o. What I meant is that National-Bolsheviks are the only who consistently follow the Eurasian world-view; -Anti-West, -Anti-Modernity, -Anti-Yankee, -Anti-Cap.... "By Dugin's own admission, Eurasianism(or his varient of it) consists of these elements:" New Aeon...Last Empire... damn, what's that really? Lots of words, nothing else. I would like the see the New Left and New Right unite against the common satanic-hedonistic-capitalist-conformist-zionist West though in the name of some eschatological metapolitical 'End of Times' scheme only a few people claim to understand... :D If Dugin really believed in what he writes, he would be the most dangerous terrorist in world history, because in his writings he really calls for martyr attacks, blood baths and terror against "conformists". ...but he's a conformist. Bourgeousie intellectual masturbation! New Aeon...Last Empire... damn, what's that really? I have no fucking clue! I would like the see the New Left and New Right unite against the common satanic-hedonistic-capitalist-conformist-zionist West though in the name of some eschatological metapolitical 'End of Times' scheme only a few people claim to understand... :D Yeah except the New Left would probably be too busy smoking crack in their communes, singing "Get Together", and doing other grooovy things to accomplish anything. :P Saint Adolphus Monday, November 14th, 2005, 04:25 AM I'm not attempting a troll here. I honestly don't understand. How can you have a "National Bolshevik" ideology? That seems to me to be as impossible as an "Interracial National Socialist" ideology. Everything that Bolsheviks stood for, philo-Semitism, interracial "brotherhood," etc., etc., is inherently incompatible with "Goyish" nationalism. Perhaps the aim is actually a non-Hitlerian "national socialism" of sorts, customized for Russia and allied groups? That would make sense. Although my preference is always to honor the One Before the Last. Monday, November 14th, 2005, 12:31 PM Perhaps the aim is actually a non-Hitlerian "national socialism" of sorts, customized for Russia and allied groups? Quite a lot of information is readily available on this interesting question. Here are two excerpts from an article I found especially useful. Unfortunately, whoever translated it from Russian did not have an outstanding command of English, so it is a bit difficult to read. The term “national-bolshevism” can mean several quite different things. It emerged practically simultaneously in Russia and Germany to signify some political thinkers` guess about a national character of bolshevik revolution of 1917, hidden in orthodox Marxism internationalist phraseology. In Russian context “national-bolsheviks” was a usual name for those communists, who tried to secure the integrity of state and (either consciously or not) continued the Great Russian historical mission geo-political policy. Those Russian national-bolsheviks were both among “whites” (Ustrialov, smenovekhovtsy, left Eurasians) and among “reds” (Lenin, Stalin, Radek, Lezhnev etc.) (1). In Germany the analogous phenomenon was associated with extremely left forms of nationalism of 20s-30s, in which the ideas of non-orthodox socialism, the national idea and positive attitude to Soviet Russia were combined. Among German national-bolsheviks Ernst Niekiesch was undoubtedly the most consistent and radical, though some conservative revolutionaries may also be referred to this movement, such as Ernst Juenger, Ernst von Salamon, August Winnig, Karl Petel, Harro Schultzen-Beysen, Hans Zehrera, communists Laufenberg and Wolffheim, and even some extremely left National-socialists, such as Strasser and, within a certain period, Josef Goebbels. The most felicitous and full definition of national-bolshevism will be as follows: “National-bolshevism is a superideology, common for all open society enemies”. Not just one of the hostile to such society ideologies, but it is exactly its full conscious, total and natural antithesis. The national-bolshevism is a kind of an ideology, which is built on the full and radical denial of the individual and his central role; also, the Absolute, in which name the individual is denied, has the most extended and common sense. It could be dared to say that the national-bolshevism is for any version of the Absolute, for any “open society” rejection justification. In the national-bolshevism there is an obvious trend to universalize the Absolute at any cost, to advance such kind of an ideology and such kind of a philosophical program, which would be the embodiment of all the intellectual forms, hostile to the “open society”, brought to a common denominator and integrated into the indivisible conceptual and political bloc. [more (http://www.arctogaia.com/public/eng-teor.htm)] I only list Russian political theorists and philosophers. The Western "NBs", F.P Yockey, Ernst Niekisch/Junger, Jean Thiriart a.s.o are well-known, and their articles are found everywhere. It's only in Russia that speculative philosophy and "grand narratives" is still being formed, and the knowledge of these philosophies is limited, often due to the fact that it stays Russian. ALEXANDER DUGIN: Russian Geopolitician, inventor of the realist doctrine of Neo-Eurasianism. Main focus on the relationship of states and their projection of power, not social/historical dynamics. Neo-Eurasianism is a dualist concept of international theory, describing a clandestine war between the HEARTLAND (Eurasia) and the OCEAN (Anglo-Atlantic) worlds. Mirror-version of Samuel Huntington's "Clash of Civilisations". Known for his grand work "Geopolitical fundamentals". NOTE: Not National-Bolshevik anymore. -Foundations of Geopolitics (summary) http://arctogaia.com/public/geopeng.htm -The Metaphysics of National-Bolshevism http://arctogaia.com/public/eng-teor.htm -Article: Just Bolshevism http://arctogaia.com/public/eng-bol.htm -Man-runes from the Amur river basin http://arctogaia.com/public/eng/runes.html -Subject without confines http://arctogaia.com/public/eng-subj.htm -Metaphysics: Knight Templars of the Proletariat http://arctogaia.com/public/templ.htm -THESIS ON NBP, POST-NBP, NATIONAL-BOLSHEVISM, NEW ARCTOGAIA STRATEGY, INVASION, NEW UNIVERSITY http://arctogaia.com/public/engl-thesis.htm EDUARD LIMONOV: Poet, writer, Soviet dissident, Russian red-nationalist. Writes books and articles from the perspective of the observer, the journalist. Nationalist with anarchist leanings, founder of the National-Bolshevik Front (later NBP), and still is leader. Has written countless books and essays, many in English. Political manifesto is drugaja Rossija, "Another Russia". -Limonov's article archive (eXile) http://www.exile.ru/archive/by_author/edward_limonov.html -ДРУГАЯ РОССИЯ, (Another Russia), whole book http://nbp-info.ru/new/lib/lim_anotherrus/01.html -МОЯ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ БИОГРАФИЯ, (Political Biography), whole book http://nbp-info.ru/new/lib/lim_biography/bio.htm -ИСЧЕЗНОВЕНИЕ ВАРВАРОВ, (End of Barbarians), whole book http://nbp-info.ru/new/lib/lim_iv/index.html -АНАТОМИЯ ГЕРОЯ, (Hero's Anatomy), whole book http://nbp-info.ru/new/lib/lim_anatomy/01.htm LEV GUMILEV: NOT a National-Bolshevik in the traditional sense, but an ethnologist and nationalist whose historical philosophy have made an impact in the east (a sort of Spenglerian historical-materialism). Only book in English is Ethnogenesis and the Biosphere (available at Amazon.com). -Introduction to Ethnogenesis and the Biosphere, Part I http://www.national-anarchist.org/eurasia/lev1.html -Introduction to Ethnogenesis and the Biosphere, Part II -Introduction to Ethnogenesis and the Biosphere, Part III Prince Eugen Sunday, April 2nd, 2006, 08:20 PM What N.Bolshevics thinking about N.Socialism and N.Socialists? What they are thinking about Racial preservation? I'm curious! Cole Nidray Sunday, July 23rd, 2006, 03:14 AM The current English language version of the site: http://eng.nbp-info.ru/ Nazbol Dear comrades, I want to tell you about our Nazbol websites opposing Limonovist Party. http://www.schwarz-front.ru http://www.nb-info.ru http://www.nazbol.org http://www.nbp-info.org Our purpose is to re-found National-Bolshevik Party putting paid to anti-nationalism, pro-zionism and revisionism performed by Limonov and Yid Linderman. http://img288.imageshack.us/img288/7310/p22ub.jpg http://img149.imageshack.us/img149/5949/nazbolsa6sw.jpg RACIAL BOLSHEVISM by Constantin von Hoffmeister "Behind the Doric columns of the 'Pyatlyetki,' the Five Year Plans, behind the rows of figures of the 'Gosplan,' there stretches not Asia, but another Europe: 'the' other Europe (in the sense in which America too is another Europe). The steel cupola of Marxism + Leninism + Stalinism (the gigantic dynamo of the U.S.S.R. according to Lenin's formula: Soviet + electrification = Bolshevism) is not the mausoleum of Genghis Khan but - in the very sense that bourgeois folk find so distasteful - the 'other' Parthenon of Europe. 'The Volga,' says Pilnyak, 'flows into the Caspian Sea.' Yes, but it does not rise in Asia: it rises in Europe. It is a European river. The Thames, the Seine, the Potomac are its tributaries." -- Curzio Malaparte, THE VOLGA RISES IN EUROPE Julius Evola is not a role model for people that are serious about preserving the White race. If one wants to save the White race, one needs to adopt a staunch materialist outlook. Only through the thorough application of materialist principles can Europe be saved. Materialism dictates that spirituality stems from matter. Both Evola's and Francis Parker Yockey's notion of a "spiritual race" is therefore a contradiction in itself since race is matter and not spirit. A race may possess a higher or lower degree of spirituality but this does not change its physical make-up. Spirituality is a direct result of the workings of the brain which in its turn is a part of an organism that varies according to the race it belongs to. What good does it do if various non-Europeans possess "Aryan attributes" (whatever that might be) but are incapable of passing these on through procreation without diluting the European gene pool? The notion of a "spiritual race" is an abstract and meaningless, if not downright hostile to European preservation efforts, concept. Therefore, Dr. HT Hansen (who wrote the introduction to Evola's MEN AMONG THE RUINS) is right when he argues that Evola espouses a peculiar brand of anti-racism through his peculiar "racial" theories. Actually, Evola seems not interested in any kind of racist theories per se but more in formulating an unnecessarily obfuscating concept of aristocracy that uses race as a pretext but is really more concerned with essentially universalist matters of hierarchy. Evola is a universal humanist because his theories postulate that a "spiritual race" is open to all members of "humanity." Lest we forget that this supposedly global community has already been discredited (because of its non-existence) by serious racist thinkers. Finnish National Bolshevik (or maybe Racial Bolshevik would be more accurate) Kai Murros says, "One must understand the nation as a product of material forces in history - this is the cornerstone of the progressive nationalism and progressive socialism." Murros is right when he argues that "progressive nationalism" (or racism) must be strictly materialist in its outlook. Only in this manner can any kind of historical success be achieved. After all, one has to remember that history itself is driven by the constant flux of dialectical materialism. Murros also argues that "[f]or practical reasons, metaphysics must always be subordinated to physics." In a rude manner of speaking, mental masturbation should be secondary to real sex. One can theorize all one wants about the importance of "racial spirituality," if the race does not produce children, then the race is doomed to die. Right now, fucking is more important than thinking. The luxury of metaphysics can only be afforded in a society that is content with itself and secure in its continuing existence. Nature has no will. Man has will. Aryan man has the Faustian will. Paganism is a dead-end street. Being is the key, not believing and/or worshipping. The gods die when the race (that created them) dies. The gods are not eternal. Paganism was a temporary manifestation of the Race's mood at a particular time. The Race willed Paganism into existence. It did not exist before it and is already dead while the Race still lives. The Race can be without ascribing its being to forces beyond itself. The solace of the Race today is science and not religion. Rockets will propel us to the place where the gods once lived. The gods will be replaced by us. Thor is dead, long live the Astronaut! While Thor once hurled lightning FROM the sky, we will propel like lightning INTO the sky. http://i95.photobucket.com/albums/l130/fritzmaster18/lubitvas.jpg Tuesday, November 28th, 2006, 05:55 PM THE NATIONAL BOLSHEVIK FRONT: A Declaration Here is a link to a declaration of the youth organization of the MOVEMENT EURASIA about the founding of the NATIONAL BOLSHEVIK FRONT (NBF): http://russia3.ru/zayavlenie_nbf?PHPSESSID=32be4bc8998dc79 49d31c8dd2c02e72c The declaration states that the NATIONAL BOLSHEVIK FRONT is a legitimate organization in the tradition of Russian and European National Bolshevik theory (imperial, socialist, anti-Fascist). The declaration welcomes the decision to dissolve the degenerate NATIONAL BOLSHEVIK PARTY (NBP) of Edward Limonov and to sack this traitor as leader of the party. The NATIONAL BOLSHEVIK PARTY under Limonov betrays national interests, is in bed with oligarchs and liberalist. The NBF accepts the Eurasian program of the the MOVEMENT EURASIA. Because of Limonov, National Bolshevism in Russia is associated with anti-state anarchism that supports the interests of the US, oligarchs and "anti-Russian pigs." The NBF, on the other hand, demands a return to the true ideals of National Bolshevism (in the spirit of Ernst Niekisch and the Russian thinkers of Eurasianism). 30 regional units of the NBP have decided to dissolve the NBP and to found the NBF. Limonov is supported by the oligarch Soros and works together with Kasparov. Limonov follows a pro-American atlantist line with the goal to trigger an Orange Revolution in Russia. This kind of treason cannot be tolerated.Therefore, ideological National Bolsheviks cannot be members of the NBP anymore. Together with the youth organization of the MOVEMENT EURASIA, the NBF has as its goal the establishment of "Russia 3" and the foundation of the Eurasian Empire which reaches from Dublin to Vladivostok. True ( National ) Bolsheviks,let's dont support anymore Limonov's atlantist political line! You are right,Constantine!:thumbup Wednesday, November 29th, 2006, 07:54 PM LIMONOV THE VAMPIRE In a recent interview (titled "The NBP [National Bolshevik Party] has no Right to exist - Its Leader is a Vampire") for www.kreml.org, Alexander Dugin accused Edward Limonov of being a vampire. Like Countess Bathory used to bathe in the blood of virgins to stay eternally young, Limonov sacrifices young people by letting them being sent to jail because of silly actions that he instigates and they commit. Limonov exposes his followers to the risk of going to jail to enhance his reputation as a literary radical. as an antidote, he takes poison Limonov is not interested in politics but merely in writing his biography, a sleazy account of his own eccentric life. The members of the NPB are therefore nothing more than extras in Limonov's great egomaniacal scheme. Dugin claimed that Limonov seems so young because he metaphorically hides his leathery facade behind a lotion that is composed of the energy of the young people he attracts and exploits. Limonov eats his young followers like an old vampire drinks the blood of babies. When I personally talked to Dugin, he told me that Limonov does not have the slightest clue as to the essence of National Bolshevik ideology. While Dugin originally founded the NBP and recruited Limonov as a figurehead that would be able to attract young people because of his popularity as a writer, Dugin eventually left the Party because he became disgusted by the fact that it had degenerated into a personality cult. In the interview for www.kreml.org, Dugin accused the NBP of actively operating on sadistic principles by risking the freedom of young people through making them engage in senseless and reckless activities. What makes the operations of the high cadres of the NBP even more reprehensible is the fact that they are fully aware that most of the young people they recruit are not experienced enough yet to contemplate the results that the actions they engage in might trigger. Dugin claimed that these children are stooges, their main purpose of existence consisting of enhancing the literary career of a tragically aging (both intellectually and physically) writer. Stalin Folk arise! against the wall the traitor! Dugin also said that a "certain glossy magazine" (I suspect that it is the Russian version of the American smutrag MAXIM since I recently saw an article about the NBP in one of its issues) justified the existence of the NBP with "neoliberal arguments." It is interesting to note that Dugin himself has a column in the Russian edition of the American smutrag ROLLING STONE (not exactly known for its antiliberal stance)! hear the music? it's the ratcatcher playing his fleshy flute, baby! "Our Truth - For Us! NBP without Limonov" http://i95.photobucket.com/albums/l130/fritzmaster18/NB_poster_001.gif synarc Sunday, February 18th, 2007, 08:33 PM Dear All NazBols across Europe, The National Bolshevik League of Europe[Groupe De Thiriart] will be holding a Dinner/Meeting in London to formulate a United Front. We wish to invite the Rep. of all NazBol in European Countries: Sweden,Finland,France,Spain,Italy,Greece and Russia to come along. The Aim is toward a Single Agenda and Leader for the NazBols of Europe under the Red and Black Eagle Flag. Ave! My essay RACIAL BOLSHEVISM (the title changed to RACIAL MATERIALISM because of political correctness) is now posted on the ATENEY website: in English: http://ateney.ru/indexeng.htm in Russian: http://ateney.ru/indexrus.htm (with a picture of me in front of Mother Russia) Tribal-Socialist Sunday, August 12th, 2007, 08:22 PM http://nationalfuturism.org/Images/lubitvas.jpg - Constantin von Hoffmeister (http://forums.skadi.net/redirector.php?url=mailto%3Afreikorps_vi nland%40hotmail.com) Is anyone familiar with the NazBols? What are your opinions on them, their ideology and their tactics? IlluSionSxxx Please give your opinion on modern national-bolschevism. For classic National-Bolschevism, I'd like to refer to this thread (http://forums.skadi.net/showthread.php?p=27424#post27424). According to Wikipedia : http://www.gnosticliberationfront.com/_borders/qna27.jpg National Bolshevism is a political movement that claims to combine elements of nationalism and Bolshevism. It is fiercely anti-capitalist in tone, and is sympathetic towards certain nationalist forms of communism and socialism. National Bolsheviks defend both Stalinism and Strasserism. Economically, the National Bolsheviks support a mix of the New Economic Policy of Vladimir Lenin and fascist corporatism. The ideology claims a direct link to Hegel, whom it presents as the father of idealism. The ideology is highly traditionalist in the mold of Julius Evola. Amongst other influences claimed by the movement are Georges Sorel, Otto Strasser and José Ortega y Gasset (although this last influence is largely because of his rejection of left and right labels, which is also a feature of National Bolshevism). Today, Russia is considered to be the center of National Bolshevism, and almost all of the National Bolshevik parties and organizations in the world are connected to it. Amongst the leading practitioners and theorists of National Bolshevism are Aleksandr Dugin and Eduard Limonov, who leads the unregistered and banned National Bolshevik Party in Russia. National Bolsheviks participated in demonstrations against the G8 in St Petersberg. Influenced heavily by the idea of geopolitics, current Russian National Bolshevism movements propose a merger between Russia and the rest of Europe in a union to be known as Eurasia. Lately there rose an opposition to the efforts of Limonov to find allies even if they are pro-western capitalists; some even left the National Bolshevik Party and formed the National Bolshevik Front. There are National Bolshevik groups in Israel and in parts of the former Soviet Union, which are tied to the Russian National Bolshevik Party. Other groups, such as the Franco-Belgian Parti Communautaire National-Européen also share National Bolshevism's desire for the creation of a united Europe (as well as many of its economic ideas), and French political figure Christian Bouchet has also been influenced by the idea. National Bolshevism is said to have roots in World War I Germany, where nationalist writers such as Ernst Niekisch and Ernst Jünger were prepared to tolerate the spread of communism as long as it took on the clothes of nationalism and abandoned its internationalist mission. There was a current in the German Communist Party based around Heinrich Laufenberg and Friedrich Wolfheim of Hamburg that, in 1919, argued for collaboration between workers' organisations and the bosses to drive the French army from occupying the Ruhr. They visited Karl Radek in the Moabit prison in 1920. A Russian Bolshevik, Radek disagreed with Lenin's support for the treaties of Brest-Litovsk and Versailles. This current gravitated to the KPD(O) (Communist Party of Germany (Opposition)) despite their call for workers to give up their arms. At the August congress of the Communist Workers Party of Germany (KAPD), the first topic of debate was nation and class. Arthur Goldstein rejected the notion of a "revolutionary people's war" with the German proletariat and the bourgeoisie uniting against the Entente bourgeoisie. He argued that any such war should be fought not for national victory but to overthrow the Entente Cordiale bourgeoisie and carry communism into the Entente countries as well. He further discussed how during the war, the National Bolsheviks had described the Spartakusbund's policy of inviting soldiers to leave the front as a "stab in the back". Goldstein stated, "In the text Communism against Spartacism, it is openly admitted that in Hamburg the nation is elevated to the starting point of politics, that therefore the concept of the nation is considered the most important, that it should be the measure for the politics of the German and international proletariat."[citation needed] Radek wanted some of the right-wing nationalists he had met in prison to unite with the Bolsheviks in the name of National Bolshevism. He saw in National Bolshevism a way to "remove the capitalist isolation" of the Soviet Union. Paul Eltzbacher and Karl Haushofer theorized about an alliance between nationalist forces in Germany and the Soviet Union, although they did not use the term National Bolshevism. In Russia, as the civil war dragged on, a number of prominent "Whites" switched to the Bolshevik side because they saw it as the only hope for restoring greatness to Russia. Amongst these was Professor Nikolai Ustrialov, initially an anti-communist, who came to believe that Bolshevism could be modified to serve nationalistic purposes. His followers, the Smenovekhovtsi (named after a series of articles he published in 1921 Smena vekh (Russian: volte-face), came to regard themselves as National Bolsheviks, borrowing the term from Niekisch. Similar ideas were expressed by the Evraziitsi party and the pro-Monarchist Mladorossi. Stalin's idea of "socialism in one country" was interpreted as a victory by the National Bolsheviks. Vladimir Lenin, who did not use the term 'National Bolshevism', identified the Smenovekhovtsi as a tendency of the old Constitutional Democratic Party who saw Russian communism as just an evolution in the process of Russian aggrandisement. He further added that they were a 'class enemy' and warned against communist believing them to be allies. In Western parlance, the term "National Bolshevism" has, on occasion, been applied to Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and his brand of anti-communism. However Solzhenitsyn cannot be labeled a National Bolshevik since he was thoroughly anti-Marxist and anti-Stalinist, and he wished a revival of Russian culture that would see a greater role for the Russian Orthodox Church and a withdrawal of Russia from its role overseas into a state of international isolationism. Solzhenitsyn and the vozrozhdentsy (or "revivalists" as his followers became known) thus differed from the National Bolsheviks who were not religious in tone (although not completely hostile either) and who felt that involvement overseas was important for the prestige and power of Russia. In fact there is open hostility between Solzhenitsyn and Eduard Limonov, the head of Russia's unregistered National Bolshevik Party. Solzhenitsyn has described Limonov as "a little insect who writes pornography", while Limonov described Solzhenitsyn as a traitor to his homeland who contributed to the downfall of the USSR, see Eduard Limonov#Writing. Indeed, in The Oak and the Calf Solzhenitsyn openly attacked the notions that the Russians were 'the noblest in the world' and that 'tsarism and Bolshevism ... [were] equally irreproachable', defining this as the core of the National Bolshevism to which he was opposed. frippardthree This is really good article from the "Folk & Faith" web-site. My thanks to the author, Andrew Webb. However, I must stress that I suspect that there are many historical inaccuracies, in this article. The following article is one man's interpretation of what has became known as 'National Bolshevism' or the 'Red and Brown Axis.' It does not purport to be an official version of Edward Limonov or the National Bolshevik Party's views any more than it is Flagstaff.Com's views. As with any and all articles on the site, feedback and intelligent dissent is fully welcomed. Offer an intelligent rebuttal and it may get put up on the site as well. As with all other political theories given space on this site, please recall that this is just an alternative view to the mainstream political view. I've written this essay on the demand of the owner of this site, in order to make clear some vital distinctions between three ideologies: national socialism, national communism and National Bolshevism. (A note: when I refer to 'the movement' in this essay, I am referring to the large number of anti-'Semitic' and racialist groupings traditionally associated with the Far Right, in North America, Europe and European colonies such as South Africa and New Zealand). It was generally agreed, in the patriotic and anti-Semitic circles in Europe at the time, that the Russian Revolution of 1917 (and the aborted revolutions in Hungary in 1919 and Germany in 1918) were Jewish affairs. Jews had been fomenting subversion against the absolute monarchist regimes of Europe since the days of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, and had appropriated the socialist idea for use as a means of gaining power. This subversion culminated in the Russian Revolution. The Slavic racial element played a role, of course. Contemporaries of the revolution such as Hitler, Spengler and Lothrop Stoddard noted that Russia, since Peter the Great, had been divided into two: on one side, the Westernized Petrine aristocracy, mostly of German stock; on the other, the Asiatic residue possessed of a deep, primitive religiousness and a hostility to anything Western. The Revolution saw an uprising among the Asiatic racial element against the Westernized aristocracy. What the Jews did was harness the Asiatic maelstrom and used it as a stepping-stone to power. Jewish Bolshevists exterminated the Petrine ruling class, and killed and starved millions of Russian supporters of the old regime, in particular the peasants (who, as a class, have always been despised by Jews everywhere). Complete Article: http://www.folkandfaith.com/articles/nationalbolshevism.shtml Saturday, January 1st, 2011, 10:02 PM I've always thought that all of the Bolshevik movement in Russia was inherently communist of course after browsing over the subject I have read articles stating that it was not where actually it was quite contrarian to communism in Russia as a whole where it infact criticized the communist movement in that country. I found that to be interesting being a recent avid reader of global politics in history. What else does anybody here know about this subject? Is this the precursor of modern Russian nationalism? From what I have read I hear that it is. This article may contain original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding references. Statements consisting only of original research may be removed. More details may be available on the talk page. (June 2007) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2007) National Bolshevism is a political movement that claims to combine elements of nationalism and Bolshevism.[1] It is often anti-capitalist in tone, and sympathetic towards certain nationalist forms of communism and socialism. Nevertheless, National Bolshevism is separate and distinct from National Communism. Today, Russia is considered to be the center of National Bolshevism, and almost all of the National Bolshevik parties and organizations in the world are connected to it. Amongst the leading practitioners and theorists of National Bolshevism are Aleksandr Dugin and Eduard Limonov, who leads the unregistered and banned National Bolshevik Party (NBP) in Russia.[2] Influenced heavily by the idea of geopolitics, current Russian National Bolshevik movements propose a merger between Russia, Europe and parts of Asia, in a union to be known as Eurasia. The Franco-Belgian Parti Communautaire National-Européen shares National Bolshevism's desire for the creation of a united Europe, as well as many of the NBP's economic ideas. French political figure Christian Bouchet has also been influenced by the idea.[3] 1 Influences and origins 2.1 Russian Civil War (1917–1923) 2.2 Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn vs Eduard Limonov 2.3 National Bolshevik Party [edit] Influences and originsNational Bolshevism is said to have roots in World War I Germany, where nationalist writers such as Ernst Niekisch and Ernst Jünger were prepared to tolerate the spread of communism as long as it took on the clothes of nationalism and abandoned its internationalist mission.[4] Karl Radek wanted some of the right-wing nationalists he had met in prison to unite with the Bolsheviks in the name of National Bolshevism. He saw in National Bolshevism a way to "remove the capitalist isolation" of the Soviet Union.[1] [edit] Russia[edit] Russian Civil War (1917–1923)In Russia, as the civil war dragged on, a number of prominent "Whites" switched to the Bolshevik side because they saw it as the only hope for restoring greatness to Russia. Amongst these was Professor Nikolai Ustrialov, initially an anti-communist, who came to believe that Bolshevism could be modified to serve nationalistic purposes. His followers, the Smenovekhovtsi (named after a series of articles he published in 1921) Smena vekh (Russian: volte-face), came to regard themselves as National Bolsheviks, borrowing the term from Niekisch. Similar ideas were expressed by the Evraziitsi party and the pro-Monarchist Mladorossi. Joseph Stalin's idea of "socialism in one country" was interpreted as a victory by the National Bolsheviks.[5] Vladimir Lenin, who did not use the term 'National Bolshevism', identified the Smenovekhovtsi as a tendency of the old Constitutional Democratic Party who saw Russian communism as just an evolution in the process of Russian aggrandisement. He further added that they were a 'class enemy' and warned against communist believing them to be allies.[6] [edit] Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn vs Eduard LimonovThe term National Bolshevism has sometimes been applied to Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, and his brand of anti-communism.[7] However, Solzhenitsyn cannot be labeled a National Bolshevik since he was thoroughly anti-Marxist and anti-Stalinist, and he wished a revival of Russian culture that would see a greater role for the Russian Orthodox Church, a withdrawal of Russia from its role overseas, and a state of international isolationism.[8] Solzhenitsyn and his followers, known as vozrozhdentsy (revivalists) differed from the National Bolsheviks, who were not religious in tone (although not completely hostile to religion), and who felt that involvement overseas was important for the prestige and power of Russia.[9] There was open hostility between Solzhenitsyn and Eduard Limonov, the head of Russia's unregistered National Bolshevik Party. Solzhenitsyn had described Limonov as "a little insect who writes pornography", and Limonov described Solzhenitsyn as a traitor to his homeland who contributed to the downfall of the USSR. In The Oak and the Calf, Solzhenitsyn openly attacked the notions that the Russians were 'the noblest in the world' and that 'tsarism and Bolshevism ... [were] equally irreproachable', defining this as the core of the National Bolshevism to which he was opposed.[10] [edit] National Bolshevik PartyMain article: National Bolshevik Party This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2010) Flag of the National Bolshevik Party.The National Bolshevik Party was founded in 1992 as the National Bolshevik Front, an amalgamation of six minor groups.[11] The party has always been led by Eduard Limonov. The group's early policies and actions show some alignment and sympathy with radical nationalist groups, but a split occurred in the 2000s which changed this to an extent. Opposed to the Vladimir Putin regime in Russia, Limonov has somewhat liberalized the NBP, and joined forces with leftist and liberal groups in Kasparov's United Civil Front to fight Putin. Some National Bolsheviks are opposed to Limonov's attempts to find allies even if they are pro-Western politicians; some have left the NBP and formed the National Bolshevik Front.[12 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Bolshevism What is more interesting is what some prominent national socialists of Germany had to say on the issue when it concerns the third reich: "Whoever cries out against Jewish capitalists is already a class warrior, even when he does not know it. . . . Kick down the Jewish capitalists, hang them from the lampposts, and stamp upon them!" Burleigh, Michael. The Third Reich: A New History, p. 55. "We look to Russia because Russia is our natural ally against the fiendish contamination and corruption from the west. . . Because we can see the commencement of our own national and socialist survival in an alliance with a truly national and socialist Russia." Irving, David. Goebbels: Mastermind of the Third Reich, p. 71. "In the final analysis, it would be better for us to go down with Bolshevism than live in eternal slavery under capitalism." Read, Anthony. The Devil's Disciples: Hitler's Inner Circle, p. 142. Although when you hear about their whole plan for a Pan European Eurasia all of that just sounds silly and obviously ridiculous. RoyBatty I assume you're referring to Eduard Limonov and his NB movement? Yes I know a bit about the topic. First of all, to get more perspective on the National Bolsheviks I'll refer you to the writings of gonzo journalists like Mark Ames, Matt Taibbi & co from eXile.ru They used to keep Limonov around as a contributor to their general brand of (amusing) mayhem reporting. I'm not sure if Limonov is still writing for them but once you've read a copy or two of "eXile" you'll also have a better idea of what Limonov is all about. :D Limonov himself is quite an interesting adventurer. I believe that he spent a number of years living in the US. A Russian friend of mine once explained to me that one of Limonov's personal motivators in life has always been to be a "somebody", ie, a big man. His words were that "Limonov always wanted to have a gang and be a strong man in the gang". A kind of family, if you will. NB supporters are usually kids / young students. Joining the NB for a year or two is like a rites of passage for many kids. It's a time when one can enjoy one's self by living on the edge, causing mayhem, smashing things, taunting the police, getting into fights, being raided etc. After a short stint in the National Bolsheviks they tend to move on to other things in life. It's not a long-term career or lifestyle choice for most. The National Bolsheviks are not a serious political movement. It's more of a lunatic fringe outfit. ;) The NB's are definitely not any kind of precursor to future Russian Nationalism. You'll notice if you do more reading that they have at times been loosely aligned to Gary Kasparov's "opposition". Gary himself is a US / Rothschild sponsored Jew from Azerbaijan.... so.... errrr.... "Russian Nationalists", for rather obvious reasons, have absolutely no interest in this crazy gang. There are Nationalist type movements for example Nashe, although I haven't kept up with their activities as of late. Interesting. ;) I've heard there are modern movements like the NAZBOL,NBP, or NBF. At any rate I don't know much about the subject myself as I just recently became aware of it. Of course in your opinion, you don't think it's a very serious political organization at all? I just thought it was puzzling because when I think of Bolsheviks I think of traditional Russian communists and not the contrary. Haha, I'm sure there are all kinds of crazy variations. I have a National Bolshevik coffee cup at home. (A present from another Russian friend, he insisted on buying it for me as a joke). The "National Bolsheviks" have nothing to do with the Russian Communist Party. If anything, a lot of Russian Nationalists and Patriots (ethnic Russians) still support the Communist Party. Keep in mind that the Russian Communist Party is not a "Pinko / Lefty" type organisation as one would usually find in the West. It's more of a patriotic / Love the Motherland group. It's not particularly fashionable today but the older people like them. Western "Lefty" and "Marxist" types are a completely different breed to those from countries like Russia, China, Vietnam etc. The Russian Communists are definitely not Trotsky'ist. In other words, they are not Rothschild / ZOG friendly. Imo the Russian CP of today are in some ways a Russian version of German National Socialism. Keep in mind that the original Revolution in Russia was a Jewish Bolshevik affair, sponsored by Wall Street and London. The idea was to get rid of the Czar, replace him with Bolshevik Leaders who'd act on behalf of Rothschild & Co. Whilst the Revolution eventually succeeded and a number of other cultures / nations were soon integrated into the USSR, the Bolshevists hold on power slipped away. Not least due to Comrade Stalin's highly efficient methods of dispatching with them. Communism in the USSR thus developed in ways not originally intended by those who sponsored and bankrolled it. Instead of having Eurasia handed to ZOG on a plate as they had hoped, their monster turned on them to some extent. Rothschild point man Leon Trotsky was even icepicked in Mexico in 1940. Here's an old Limonov article from Exile http://exiledonline.com/limonov-files-i-have-one-year-left/ Berrocscir Sunday, January 2nd, 2011, 04:37 PM The NBF are an anti-Limonov breakaway faction. I think it was for several reasons, but mainly as Limonov signed the NBP up to the Other Russia movement alongside pro-western, pro-globalisation groups. Without wishing to cause offence, I view the NBP as 'useful idiots'. They remind me a bit of the anarchist Class War group. Being deliberately shocking and indulging in 'spectaculars', garish demos and ultimately futile occupations and 'stuntism' to attract press attention. This activity appeals to the imaginations of rebellious youth. In this sense the NBP acts as a gateway into nationalism for young people who might not otherwise become involved in 'dull' politics. odinberg "Nashe" this is Prokremlin movement created at Kremlin businessmen`s money. I think in Russia there is no united nationalist movement now. To my mind, nationalism in Russia is not ideology and political movement, but an occasion for poor classes to express the protest. Nationalist youth groups it basically hooligans and fans to arrange disorders. One of nationalist movements is DPNI. I can't tell with confidence who is sponsor . This movement against illegal emigration of workers from Asia. http://dpni.org/ Nashe this is Prokremlin movement created on Kremlin businessmen`s money. I think in Russia there is no uniform nationalist movement now. Yes they are a Kremlin friendly and sponsored outfit afaik. The old CP can be regarded as fairly nationalist but their appeal is mostly to the older generations. The current government isn't really anti-Nationalist although imo Medvedev appears to be rather liberal which will not do his "popularity" (he isn't popular anyway) much good amongst the Russian population. Particularly since Political Correctness there is almost non-existent. The recent ethnic football riots in Moscow have shown Medvedev's eagerness for blaming ethnic Russians whilst excusing the Caucasus troublemakers, exactly the same way liberals operate in Western countries. Yes I've never really investigated them in detail but there's something strange about them... perhaps I'm mistaken and being too sceptical... who knows.... It is necessary to understand that the Kremlin uses internal contradictions of ethnic groups. The nationalism is one of forms for intensity creation to direct the protest out from the real policy. In Russia very difficult economic situation. Huge unemployment, there are no qualified workers places. The youth doesn't see prospects for itself . All economy is trade in natural resources. The main thing for Kremlin to keep Status Quo. But it is very risky game. The National Bolsheviks are not a serious political movement. It's more of a lunatic fringe outfit. Yeah I have a friend that's Russian and interested in nationalist ideals and she says exactly the same thing. I've had a look at their websites and I had the feeling they were pretty 'Mickey Mouse' fascistas. Nothing tangible about them or their ideals just some kooky Nazi-Soviet imagery doctored in Photoshop. Limonov seems a bit of a player and he was an author of kindda avant-garde pseduo punk books before he got a whiff of politics. Most people think he's a loon to be honest but he managed to surf on the zeitgeist wave of post Communist nationalism. It's more of a patriotic / Love the Motherland group. It's not particularly fashionable today but the older people like them. Bang on! I had another Russian friend and she told me about her time in the Komsomol, the League of Young Communists, and she seemed to have had a wonderful time, going camping, helping out on farms, visiting other parts of Russia and generally gaining a sense of both self-worth and cultural pride. Yeah I know people can say 'aah that was all brain washing and part of the cult of Communism' which is a fair argument but I've always thought that if we had something like that here, we'd cut all 'youth crime' over night. http://tildology.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/1193658208_komsomol_19.jpg I'm not some wishy washy liberal but I think our youth need structure and something to aspire to instead of the arse anti-culture that is general chavdom. Think about it, Russia used to be the 'Evil Empire' (cue Death Star music), a big nasty dog with big balls, now their economy is riddled with corruption and they come over more like country bumpkins, it's hardly surprising that a lot of people are pining for 'the good old days' of authoritarianism and wearing sharply pressed uniforms. I did have an idea of drafting a 'Venn Diagram' of policies that I think the original NSDAP had and with Stalinist Communism, I think they would've had more in common than not. One of the main difference between Third Reich and USSR was that Hitler used as slaves other nations for Great Germany, Stalin used as slaves soviet people for victory in world war and Global Bolshevist revolution. Werwolfthron Monday, January 3rd, 2011, 09:05 PM What worries me most about NB is that it seems more like a vehicle for pan-Slavicism and Russian imperialism. I have no objection to honest Russian nationalism, but many areas under Polish and Russian rule are rightfully Germanic territory. Send the slavs to Ukraine, and the mongrelized ones to Siberia. Tuesday, January 4th, 2011, 12:01 AM I'd rather have Pan Slavists as allies than enemies... as long as they were looking East instead of West. White Russians invading and colonising China would be an interesting plot indeed. :thumbup But I don't think Pan Slavism could work, Catholic Czechs and Poles would probably have more in common with other Catholic westerners than with Orthodox Russians and Serbs. And the idea of them teaming up with big old scary (and corrupt) Russia isn't that credible. Remember these countries were occupied by the Russians and they weren't too happy about that. Also 'Slav' is purely a cultural-linguistic term and doesn't reflect 'race' as such. There's nothing to worry about. The NB's are a novelty group, a joke, led by an adventurer. Despite the way the press here tends to portray them (poor idiots who patronizingly need to be told what to do by the all knowing West) the Russians aren't stupid or uninformed people. The NB's have about as much chance of achieving mainstream success as Vladimir Putin has of being praised and admired by ZOG boy Edward Lucas in The Economist, the rag of choice for Free Traders, Bankster admirers and Imperialists. The concept of Pan-Slavism doesn't exist apart from in textbook definitions. Before one can run one should learn to walk first. That means forgetting about the Slavs and kicking the Americans and British Occupation Armies out of Germany first followed by the Turks & other "guests" whilst also addressing a number of US / German Puppet Government "freedom" issues which have been imposed across German society. Today in Russia NBP is forbidden by the law. On last antiputin meeting on 31st December, Lemonov has been arrested when he left his house. But it hasn't caused the mass protest of his supporters.NBP has not so many supporters now. I think it is the page of history already. In any case, I don't believe that Russians are capable of the organized national movement. If in Russia will be changes, it will be result of disintegration of the corrupted power or a consequence of falling of the prices for oil and gas but not political movement. The political opposition in Russia is weak and out of the law, as in Iraq at Saddam`s time . fullmarx Sunday, August 21st, 2011, 11:54 PM For a radical new perspective on the philosophy and contemporary relevance of National Bolshevism and Eurasianism go to www.nationalbolshevism.org – part of the site of the National People’s Party in the U.K (www.nationalpeoplesparty.org.uk) The platform of the National People’s Party aims to provide a new political-economic and spiritual-philosophical framework by which to renew and redefine ’Third Positionism’ and 'National Bolshevism' - as National Marxist and National Communist, anti-capitalist, anti-fascist, anti-racist, anti-Zionist – and above all directed against the international banking and monetary system, which makes all nations dependent on borrowing from private and international banks - rather than affirming their right to issue their own sovereign, debt- and interest-free money to serve the people. The National Bolshevism of the NPP opposes both the pseudo-nationalist, racist ideologies of many ultra-right parties and the pseudo-Marxist ideologies of ‘international’ socialism propagated by ultra-left Trotskyist parties. In contrast to white racist nationalism and socialist internationalism it recognises that since the fall of the Soviet Union and the global deregulation of banking, the class struggle has itself become an essentially national struggle of all peoples against the power of the banks and the global dominance of international finance capital and its puppet politicians in different countries. “When a government is dependent upon bankers for money, they and not the leaders of the government control the situation, since the hand that gives is above the hand that takes … Money has no motherland; financiers are without patriotism and without decency; their sole object is gain.” Napolean Bonaparte “The supranational sovereignty of world bankers is surely preferable to the national auto-determination practiced in past centuries.”Banker David Rockefeller That is why corporate wage-slavery is now compounded and aggravated by international debt slavery - the surrender of national sovereignty through enforced ’sovereign debt’ to the feudalistic lords of international finance capital - the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank, the European Central Bank, the IMF, the World Trade Organisation, the World Bank and the Bank of International Settlements in Basel. All this is justified by politicians and the press through an almost religious deference to the ‘stability’ of what it vaguely called the ’financial markets’. “The issue which has swept down the centuries and which will have to be fought sooner or later is the people versus the banks.” Lord Acton (1834-1902) English historian At a time of total global financial crisis this is now THE central issue of the day - yet one still not fully recognised by political Right, Left or Centre. National Bolshevism is the only way to affirm and fight for the fundamental right of nations to issue their own sovereign, debt-free money for public and social spending - as Lincoln once sought to do with his Greenbacks, as Stalin did and as Hitler did too through issuing 'labour treasury certificates' instead of borrowing at interest from private banks. As a result of his doing so: “"Within two years, the unemployment problem had been solved and the country was back on its feet. It had a solid, stable currency, no debt, and no inflation, at a time when millions of people in the United States and other Western countries were still out of work and living on welfare.” Ellen Brown (www.webofdebt.com) Restoring the power of nations to issue their own debt-free currency however, cannot be achieved by anything else than a national ‘dictatorship of the proletariat’ i.e. ‘national socialism’ or ‘national bolshevism’ in the literal, Marxist sense of these terms – shorn of the crude historical distortions of anti-semitism, racism and ethnicism – all of which only submit the peoples of all nations to the trick of ‘divide and rule’. Monday, August 22nd, 2011, 12:46 AM I don't know fullmarx, I mean Lincoln and Stalin's idea for greenback currency was a good idea for witharting inflation targeting practices and those making their living off of debt. But I don't know about alot of the other stuff on the platform. Private banking and retail can be good for an economy and Lincoln's idea to levy an income tax was never a good idea although a "national marxist"(if their is such a thing) might approve of this idea. Don't get me wrong I try to boycott walstreet, but I know what works and what doesn't work having "been there and done that." Oslaf You guys should read some Niekisch and Jünger. Saturday, December 17th, 2011, 08:10 PM A few brief points in response: 1. There has been, since Marx's time a fundamental reversal in the relation between finance and industrial capitalism, with the former becoming totally parasitic on the latter. Marx himself would clearly have recognised this. 2. The international banks have a complete monopoly on the money supply of nations - since they are almost its own source. As a result they can blackmail nations like Greece with a loss of their money supply and demand bailouts from the people and privatisation and stripping of their national assets. 3. I am speaking of the sovereign right of nations to issue their own interest-free money: an experiment that up to now - whether though Hitler's Labour Treasure Certificates, Britain's Bradley Bills (used to finance the 1st World War) or Lincoln's Greenbacks - and many other experiments - were short-lived and soon stamped upon by the international bankers. The Rothschilds backed King George in his war against Lincoln just to stamp out the idea of public money creation. In return he got the Bank of England, underneath which were deliberately and symbolically bured the 'tally sticks' that monarchs had previously used as a form of self-created money to avoid dependence on the money lenders. 4. In reference to previous posts on National Bolshevism - this has its roots in GERMANY and not in RUSSIA - the ruinous debt reparations imposed after the 1st World War. The first 'National Bolshevik Manifesto. was pubished by Karl Otto Paetel on the very day Hitler became Chancellor. 5. The people's Greece, Spain, Portugal and other nations now are in the same situation as post-Versailles Germany. But there is clear National Bolshevik Alternative (http://www,nationalbolshevism.org) - my new site homepage. 6. Now is also a great opportunity for the German-speaking nations to re-unite through leaving the Euro and establishing a new Deutschmark. 7. My economic understanding of public money creation is a combination of both Marxism and Social Credit Theory. 8. It is also not just an 'economic' or 'Marxist' theory, but rooted in German cultural history. 9. Wagner's Ring Cycle - the greatest work of art of ever created - is all about wisdom - as represented by the Rheingold - being reduced to 'gold' as a mere source of wealth and power.Wotan gets entrapped in this process through the curse of the Ring forged from the Rheingold - leading to the 'twilight of the gods' and the fall of Valhalla - which Wotan/Odin resigns himself too with supreme dignity. Yet the last bars of Gotterdammerung - the final part of the Ring Cycle - offer a glimpse of hope for new dawn. Wagner's 'Meistersinger of Nuremberg' represented the wealth of German art and culture. It is based on a real life figure of 16th century poet, Guild song master and shoemaker Hans Sachs - who at the end of Wagner's Meistersinger warns of the threat to the German people as a diverse federal 'Kulturnation' - a nation of high culture. 10. And indeed, early in the 17th century (1614) the '30 years war' had started - a war in which up to 40% (roughly 6 million people) in the areas now known as Germany were wiped out by marauding, plundering and raping armies and mercenaries troops from Sweden, France, Austria, Ireland, Hungary etc. virtually every country of Europe. 11. I am absolutely no Holocaust denier or revisionist but the 30 year holocaust inflicted on Germany (in which Jews were of course victims too) should be remembered also. 10. I am not just a Marxist 'National Bolshevik' but a Wagnerian, Anarch and Conservative Revolutionary in the tradition of Martin Heidegger. 12. But let's get real and not just affirm the richness and greatness of Germanic art, religion, music, culture and philosophy - even though it is still the only spiritual and philosophical challenge of significance to dumbed-down global capitalist culture and 'science'. 13. Hence my emphasis on the relevance - right now and in the midst of the so-called Eurocrisis or 'global financial crisis' (the twilight of the capitalist god of money and its demi-god bankers) of the 'National Bolshevik Alternative' (http://www.nationalbolshevism.org)- the manifesto of my new site. 14. I will now however be returning to writing more on Heideggerian thinking and Indo-Germanic philosophy - in contrast to the gross superficiality and inadequacy of both Anglo-American and also purely Russian thinking on 'National Bolshevism' - both of which faill to address the deep spiritual and philosophical questions of our era in the way in which great German thinkers such as Junger and Heidegger did. I recommend reading their collected correspondence by the way - as well as re-reading my piece on 'National Bolshevism - its roots, essence and contemporary relevance' (http://nationalbolshevism.blogspot.com), which includes mention of Indo-Germanic thought and culture as a whole. For the time being however I urge you and other readers of this thread to look at the at the writings on my new site (http://www.nationalbolshevism.org) - now being translated into Russian, Greek and Italian - and which will as soon as possible be extended to embrace broader and deeper religious and philosophical issues transcending politics and any '-isms'.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11610
__label__wiki	0.942333	0.942333	Lady Gaga Shines in New Video for ‘I’ll Never Love Again’ Tatiana Tenreyro Tim P. Whitby via Getty Images If you watched A Star Is Born, you definitely remember "I'll Never Love Again" as the most emotional song from the film, closing out Ally and Jackson's tumultuous love story. Friday (Oct. 19), Warner Bros. released the music video for the song. The clip features the extended version from the soundtrack, showing Lady Gaga as Ally singing the lovelorn piano ballad that Jackson (Bradley Cooper) wrote for her at his tribute concert. The video also looks back at happier moments in their relationship, including the night they met. The video is currently only available on Apple Music with a paid subscription, but Lady Gaga shared a 30-second teaser on Twitter, giving a glimpse at the emotionally-charged performance from the tribute scene, as well as some of the touching flashback clips. If this song's intensity feels similar to Gaga's own work, there's a good reason why. For this song, Gaga reunited with her "A Million Reasons" co-writer Hillary Lindsey, creating a song that's just as heartfelt and vulnerable as the hit ballad. The song was also co-written by Natalie Hemby and Aaron Raiteire, both who have written songs for Miranda Lambert and other country artists. Watch the teaser for the video, below. Lady Gaga at 'A Star Is Born' Premiere Source: Lady Gaga Shines in New Video for ‘I’ll Never Love Again’ Filed Under: A Star Is Born, bradley cooper, lady gaga Categories: Celebrity Dirt	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11611
__label__wiki	0.615461	0.615461	Tyler Bashlor Mets acquire Brooks Pounders from Indians By Ashley VarelaJun 15, 2019, 3:49 PM EDT The Mets have acquired right-handed reliever Brooks Pounders from the Indians for cash considerations, the teams reported Saturday. Despite his limited and varied major-league experience, Pounders has put up intriguing numbers at the Triple-A level and is expected to step into a not-insignificant role with the Mets’ relief corps. Pounders, 28, signed a minor-league deal with the Indians last December and pitched to a healthy 2.31 ERA, 2.8 BB/8, and 11.8 SO/9 over his first 35 innings in Cleveland’s farm system. He hasn’t taken the mound in a major-league setting since 2018, however, when he appeared in 14 games with the Rockies and labored through a much more unsightly 7.63 ERA, 1.2 BB/9, and 10.0 SO/9 across 15 1/3 frames. Still, his peripherals are promising, and there’s no question the Mets could use some help bolstering a bullpen that currently ranks eighth-worst in the league with a collective 5.31 ERA and 0.2 fWAR. In subsequent roster moves, fellow righty Tyler Bashlor was sent back to Triple-A Syracuse for the second time this season, while Héctor Santiago was designated for assignment, Tim Peterson was optioned to Triple-A, and Chris Flexen was recalled from Triple-A. It’s been a less-than-ideal campaign for Bashlor so far this year: through 13 relief appearances for the club, he lost control of a bloated 5.23 ERA, 5.4 BB/9, and 9.3 SO/9 in 11 2/3 innings and had not been utilized in a game since June 2. Tags: Tyler Bashlor Mets acquire Brooks Pounders from Indians June 15, 2019 3:49 pm Mets lose 25-4 to Nationals July 31, 2018 9:11 pm	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11612
__label__wiki	0.709222	0.709222	A budget for British business from Darling and Brown: Too little, far too late Chris Marsden \| 26.11.2008 18:42 \| Analysis Extraordinary claims are being made for Chancellor Alistair Darling's pre-budget report and even more extraordinary hopes are being pinned on it. The pro-Labour Guardian has been most forthright in hailing the report as marking the end of New Labour and a return to traditional Keynesian economic policies and measures of wealth redistribution. It editorialised that "Everything changes", commenting that "Just a few weeks ago the chancellor's statement would have been the stuff of fantasy—or nightmares. Alistair Darling read the last rites for New Labour yesterday. He abandoned, through necessity, the deal Tony Blair and Gordon Brown struck with the electorate a decade ago, that progressive politics could be paid for without overt economic pain." It continued that, "His statement was as political as it was economic; a redefinition of the rules by which Labour behaves... The government has found a purpose, which is to tax the rich to help the poor, something it has never dared admit openly before... "Old political certainties now lie like timber, uprooted in the storm. So many things that seemed probable a few months ago—that Mr Brown would continue to falter, and perhaps fall; that the Conservative lead was too big to lose—no longer stand. Everything is possible now. An extraordinary, history-changing contest has been got underway." Polly Toynbee was even more effusive. "The New Labour era is over—welcome to social democracy," she proclaimed. As for the basis of these grandiose claims: "Symbolism is everything in the volatile irrationality of these times," she continued. "The words are spoken: ‘Those who have done best in the last decade will pay more'—an average of £3,168 more for earners over £140,000 in 2011." This is in reference to what the Guardian's editorial also designated as "a move of astonishing symbolic power", while being forced to admit it was something of "lesser fiscal importance"—a 5 percent increase in the top rate of income tax to 45 pence for those earning over £150,000. This covers just 300,000 people, the top one percent of earners and is expected to pull in just £2 billion when it is finally implemented in three years time. However, in every major respect the essential political character of New Labour is preserved in this budget. Darling and Prime Minister Gordon Brown have delivered a series of economic measures framed entirely in the interests of big business, with only the mildest elements of a redistributive character that are aimed at stimulating consumer spending in order to benefit the major retailers and credit providers. The measures together make up a fiscal stimulus package of £20 billion by April 2010—over 1 percent of GDP. VAT is to be cut from 17.5 percent to 15 percent in an attempt to put £12 billion into the economy. The aim is to encourage working people to continue to spend and run up debts, but the VAT cut on petrol, tobacco and alcohol will be offset by increasing duties. And many household items will be unaffected by the change. Gas prices have risen by 35 percent this year. Little wonder then that surveys suggest that spending patterns will remain unaffected, particularly as cuts in prices of around 20 percent are already being made by desperate retailers to little effect. The increase in income tax allowances announced earlier for the poorest that were penalised by government tax changes will be made permanent and raised, so this will be worth £145 a year to 22 million lower paid taxpayers. National insurance will rise by 0.5 percent from 2011, hitting everyone earning more than £20,000. To put things in perspective, this is expected to raise £5.4 billion, more than double the 5 percent increase in the top rate of tax. A planned child benefit increase of a meagre £1.20 a week is brought forward to January from April and pensioners will get a one-off payment of £60 on top of their £10 Christmas bonus in January. Changes to income tax and national insurance mean that somebody working and earning £10,000 will be just £118.80 better off a year until 2011 and £215.58 better off in 2012—a figure that will be eaten away by rising costs. Despite the references to a return to Keynes, there will be no new government spending. Instead £3 billion-worth in capital projects are to be brought forward from 2010-11. At the same time Darling announced cuts, euphemistically described as "efficiency savings" that must result in job losses. He stated that the government has already achieved efficiency savings of £26.5 billion, £5 billion over target, and intends to make additional cuts of £35 billion by 2010-11. The largesse of government was again directed overwhelmingly towards the financial and corporate sector. Banks will be given additional funds worth £2 billion to make lending to firms easier, focusing on small businesses. An additional £1 billion is made available through the export credit guarantee department. A planned increase in corporation tax for small companies has been deferred. Darling declared this as "A package to support business, worth £1 billion of tax cuts, £2 billion in loan guarantees, along with £4 billion of European money." Most significantly, Darling made an historic change to corporate taxation exempting transnational corporations from taxes on their foreign profits. They will be allowed to repatriate monies earned overseas tax free from next April. This measure is not disguised as aid to small businesses, as with the cash injections to the banks. "I will introduce an exemption for foreign dividends in 2009 for large and medium businesses, and improve our rules for taxing Controlled Foreign Companies," Darling said. Richard Lambert, director general of the Confederation of British Industry, welcomed the move as a disincentive to moving "tax domicile overseas." The government has also abandoned plans to implement tax avoidance measures until there has been "further consultation". The stimulus package is being routinely linked to Darling's admission that government borrowing is to rise to £78 billion this year, and £118 billion next year. In fact this rise was already well on the way—thanks to the earlier £500 billion government bailout of the banks and its massive overestimation of the prospects for the UK economy. Tax revenues for the financial sector were down 35 percent, for example. As a result, debt as a proportion of GDP is predicted to rise to anywhere between 57 and 68 percent in 2013-14. Total national debt will top £1 trillion by 2012-13. These are by any criteria massive figures. They make references to Labour having returned to the reformist "tax and spend" policies of the 1970s faintly ridiculous. That is, in any case, untrue. Labour has adopted measures to stimulate the economy and consumer spending in the interests of capital, not out of a renewed belief in wealth redistribution. Overall national wealth continues, as always, to flow inexorably upwards into the coffers of the rich, not down into the pockets of the working poor. What makes such comparisons more fatuous is the scale of the crisis facing British and world capitalism. Darling was forced to acknowledge that Britain was entering a recession, estimating an economic shrinkage of between -0.75 percent and -1.25 percent for 2009. But he then asserted that the economy would start to grow once more by the end of the year and forecast growth for 2010 of between 1.5 percent and 2 percent, at which time the reduction in VAT is to be rescinded. This is wildly at variance with all economic indicators, which point to a much more severe and protracted recession for both the UK and the world economy. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has warned of a "severe" economic downturn in the UK in 2009, as, thanks to its massive finance sector, one of the countries "most directly affected by the financial crisis". "Many OECD economies are in, or are on the verge of, a protracted recession of a magnitude not experienced since the early 1980s," the report said. It also warned that worldwide economic conditions could still worsen significantly due to "further failures of financial institutions," a "longer period before financial conditions normalise," and the possibility that emerging market countries such as China will be badly hit by the downturn in world trade. OECD chief economist Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel warned that the situation was difficult to read and there was a risk of it being worse than forecast: "The recession which we are heading into now may turn out to be even deeper and even the world economy at large may go into recession in the next months." The global financial collapse, plunging share prices and manufacturing and retail failures have already swallowed up bailouts and cash injections that dwarf Darling's latest offerings. Trillions of dollars have been made available by governments around the world, usually leading to a temporary rally on the stock markets—that is then eaten up by the speculators. Only last month, bailouts by the US and Europe worth $2.6 trillion had no impact on the readiness of the banks to lend, without which there can be no talk of economic recovery. This prompted Brown to appeal for a worldwide fund worth £320 billion to be provided by China, Russia and the Gulf states to save countries facing a cash crisis and even state bankruptcy. At the beginning of this month, China announced a $586 billion economic stimulus package that led to a rise on the markets followed by massive losses of $1 trillion. The IMF has stated that up to two percent of the world's income, amounting to $1.2 trillion dollars, needs to be spent on reviving world trade. Brown and Darling are gambling that their readiness to make money available to the corporate sector to combat recession will boost confidence in the economy. But, at best, Darling's measures might add 0.2 percent to the UK's [still negative] growth performance according to expert opinion. In addition they are making a political calculation—to provide a minimal and temporarily relief to working families to boost Labour's chances in a possible early general election sometime next year. But these plans could yet backfire, if there is a further deterioration in the economy. The day after the pre-budget speech was delivered, a Treasury report drafted by Sir James Crosby, the former chief executive of HBOS, said that net new mortgage lending is likely to fall to less than zero next year. With homeowners paying off mortgages, banks are putting less money back into the housing market than they are taking out—a historically unprecedented collapse in funding that presages further falls in house prices. Net new mortgage lending has already fallen from £108 billon in 2007 to an estimated £40 billion this year. With property ownership once serving as the biggest asset against which borrowing was made, credit and consumer spending must in turn continue to decline—pushing unemployment ever nearer to the three million mark. Chris Marsden	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11614
__label__wiki	0.960758	0.960758	« (UPDATE) CHP: Two Killed, One Airlifted to Hospital After Driver Loses Control on Highway 101 Near Salmon Creek ‘Modest’ Fee Hikes Coming to National Parks to Cover Mounting Maintenance Costs » Ryan Burns / Saturday, April 14, 2018 @ 7 a.m. / Elections Meet Your 2018 Humboldt County Superior Court Judge Candidates, Part Two: Lawrence Killoran PREVIOUSLY: Meet Your 2018 Humboldt County Superior Court Judge Candidates, Part One: Lathe Gill Lawrence Killoran is running for a position on the bench of the Humboldt County Superior Court this June. \| Ryan Burns. In his slightly oversized sport coat and maroon tie, a yellow legal pad in hand, Eureka attorney Lawrence Killoran looks every bit the part. You’d never guess that he first came to California as the drummer in a rock band called The Naives, whose music was once described as “kind of a cross between R.E.M. and the Ramones.” They mostly played in cities along the Northeastern seaboard. (Killoran was raised in Philadelphia, the fifth of seven kids.) Career highlights included opening for George Thorogood and appearing on a public broadcasting telethon hosted by Tony Randall. “It was really fun,” Killoran says between sips of iced tea at the Ramone’s in Old Town. “I got to play at a number of colleges, got write-ups in the college papers. I did it until I was in my late 20s, and at that point I recognized this was not going to be a career.” He met his wife, Pam, at a club where The Naives played in San Clemente, and after quitting the band Killoran started taking classes in community colleges in Riverside and Long Beach. They moved to the Bay Area shortly thereafter, and Killoran enrolled at San Jose State University, majoring in history. “I was thinking at the time I would be maybe a high school teacher or something like that,” Killoran says. But professors in his political science classes noticed his aptitude and asked if he’d ever considered law school. Intrigued, Killoran turned in applications to a number of law schools, eventually enrolling in Golden Gate University School of Law in San Francisco. While most of his fellow students were aiming for the type of boardroom careers available through corporate, business and tax law, Killoran had other ideas. “I may be one of the only people that I went to law school with who set foot in my first class thinking I’d like to be a courtroom lawyer,” he says. He took classes in criminal and family law. “I was designing my career at that point for the courtroom. … I didn’t want to be a desk guy. I wanted to be involved with people and the problems they were having and try to help them out in any way I possibly could.” Killoran graduated in 2000, passed the bar the following year and landed a job. But Bay Area housing prices were outrageous, and with a toddler in tow and a second on the way, Killoran and his wife started looking for a place to start afresh. “In my pursuit this one little ad kept kicking up on the computer, and it was for a paralegal in a criminal defense firm in Arcata, California, I asked my wife, I said, ‘Where’s Arcata?’ And she said, ‘I don’t know,’” Killoran recalls with a laugh. Google provided answers. “We pulled up Arcata on the computer and the very first photograph we saw was an aerial of the city with the bay on one side and the Arcata [Community] Forest on the other and we thought, ‘Oh my god. This would be pretty great.’” The town made a good impression in person, too. The job interview was with Arcata attorney Russell Clanton, who put the family up in the Hotel Arcata. Killoran was “flabbergasted” by the Plaza, which looked to him like a town square transported from the 1800s. When he saw Clanton’s name on the sign outside the handsome Jacoby’s Storehouse, “I looked at my wife and said, ‘Are you kidding me? That’s the building I’m gonna be working in?’” Killoran says. They’ve now been in Humboldt County for 17 years. Killoran started as Clanton’s paralegal, and after passing the bar he became his associate attorney. “My feet got wet really fast there because Russ threw me into the courtroom on day one doing criminal defense,” Killoran says. During his three years in Clanton’s employ, Killoran took turns on the appointment calendar handling cases out of Pelican Bay State Prison, usually as second attorney to Clanton. These were cases that originated from within the prison with charges including assault and murder. “It was a fascinating way to begin to learn the art of criminal defense,” Killoran says. With the maximum security prison known for housing “the worst of the worst” offenders, Killoran added, “I will tell you this: In my view plexiglass is one of the greatest inventions known to mankind.” While Clanton works almost exclusively in criminal defense, Killoran eventually met Michael Robinson, a local courtroom expert who offered to bring Killoran in and expand his areas of expertise, having him work on cases in civil court, family law and more. He’s been part of the Eureka firm Scott, Robinson and Kllloran since 2004, working on a wide variety of cases. “In criminal law I’ve done everything from murder to drunk-in-public, traffic infractions and everything in between,” he says. “In family law I’ve done child custody and visitation, property division, child support, spousal support, retirement division, guardianships, adoptions, adult conservatorships, domestic violence restraining orders, civil harassment restraining orders in civil court, breach of contract in civil … oh shoot, I’m losing track. I’ve had a very rewarding career at this point.” Asked why he wants to become a judge, Killoran says that with his experience he feels ready to take on the challenge. “I just think it would be a fascinating and interesting next step for me,” he says. The idea was planted in his head nearly three years ago, when Humboldt County Superior Court Judge Bruce Watson retired. At a professional gathering to celebrate the occasion, Watson said he hoped some of the people in the room would consider throwing their hats into the ring for a spot on the bench. “I can’t tell you exactly when I clicked from ‘maybe’ to ‘yes,’ but I do know that at this point I am very, very interested,” Killoran says. “And I do have the support of many of the judges, my colleagues in family law, the Public Defender’s office, the District Attorney’s office — all of the trench-working courtroom lawyers are excited by the possibility that I might get this.” Asked if he would bring a judicial philosophy to the bench, Killoran says only that he’d be ruled by the law, facts and “a serious dose of common sense.” And he says he’d be particularly considerate of litigants who come into court without representation, people who are often nervous and don’t know the rules of the courtroom. With the recent retirement of longtime judge John Feeney, Killoran says he’s also interested in taking over the homeless court program, “because I think it’s a brilliant, brilliant idea.” But with the large turnover on the Humboldt County Superior Court bench, he expects other new judges to pursue that assignment as well. And he says he’d like to see the Garberville branch of the Humboldt County courthouse reopened, if possible. “I think it makes no sense to have all of these people drive an hour and a half to come all the way up to the courthouse for calendars when one judge and a court reporter and a bailiff can make the drive down there and at a minimum begin the cases,” he says. “That would be a priority.” Being a political candidate doesn’t come naturally to Killoran, who describes his temperament as steadfast, calm and professional. “I’ve described it this way: If you and I were at a gathering, and everybody was in the living room and there were six of us in a group talking, I wouldn’t be the guy that’s in there saying, ‘Hey, here’s what I think,’” Killoran explains. “I’d be the guy that’s kind of standing on the outskirts, just listening. That’s more my personality.” Asked whether he’s worried about the heavy caseload in the county courthouse, Killoran says he thinks a full slate of local judges will make a difference. While he’s grateful that traveling judges have filled in, he believes Humboldtians will be less likely to accept requests for continuances “to kick the can down the road.” On his campaign website Killoran highlights his local career, noting that he has experience in every courtroom of the courthouse, and in his interview he again emphasizes his Humboldt connections, saying he’s raised three daughters here and has been a volunteer soccer coach for Mad River Soccer League for a decade. “Coach of the year in 2012!” he adds. Killoran says he and others who have spent years in the Humboldt County Courthouse see the recent judicial turnover as “a watershed moment,” and he says he can be part of the next generation, offering a “consistent and dependable judiciary.” “I have a unique skill set that I’m bringing to this job,” he says. Killoran is running against Lathe Gill, an attorney representing the California Teachers Association. Gill’s Outpost interview was published on Friday. California’s June primary election will be held on Tuesday, June 5. FoPD: COLLISION UNKNOWN INJURY — 700 Block of S FORTUNA BLVD CHP: Traffic Collision, No Injuries at 995 Highway 199 N Dn 10.00 FoPD: UNWANTED SUBJECT — 700 Block of S FORTUNA BLVD	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11617
__label__wiki	0.879691	0.879691	Rogue elephant : » Rogue elephant: harnessing the power of India's unruly democracy Simon Denyer Louisville Adult NonFiction 320.954 DEN [2014] Bloomsbury Press, 440 pages ; 25 cm. English 2014 OverDrive Bloomsbury Publishing English Five years ago, India was an emerging world power being courted by the world's most powerful political and business leaders, an upbeat story of unparalleled economic growth. Since then, it has failed to account for the human capital at the heart of its effort to modernize: more than one billion people clamoring for what has become known as the "Indian Dream"-an education, a career, and an opportunity to pull one's family out of poverty and into prosperity. Today, India is suffering an immense crisis of confidence-crippling political corruption, politicians mired in the status quo, economic inequality, brutal violence against women, and rampant social injustice. Simon Denyer, former Indian bureau chief for the Washington Post , perceptively captures India at this crucial tilting point in its history-from the Nehru-Gandhi family dynasty that has ruled the country for most of its post-independence years, to flawed heroes such as news anchor Arnab Goswami and anticorruption crusader Arvind Kejwiral, to, most compelling, ordinary people fighting daily against corruption and the system. They, Denyer convincingly shows, are harnessing the force of the world's largest democracy to positive effect, demanding transparencyand accountability as never before. The battle between the deep-rooted system of graft and patronage and the forces demanding change will have huge global significance, and Denyer's insight makes Rogue Elephant a vital contribution to the international conversation about India's present and future. Democracy -- India India -- Politics and government Political culture -- India da8b4f97-343b-67e2-90d0-6b56475ed88b rogue elephant harnessing the power of indias unruly democracy denyer simon Denyer, Simon Louisville Adult NonFiction, Online OverDrive Collection Five years ago, India was an emerging world power being courted by the world's most powerful political and business leaders, an upbeat story of unparalleled economic growth. Since then, it has failed to account for the human capital at the heart of its effort to modernize: more than one billion people clamoring for what has become known as the "Indian Dream"—an education, a career, and an opportunity to pull one's family out of poverty and into prosperity. Today, India is suffering an immense crisis of confidence—crippling political corruption, politicians mired in the status quo, economic inequality, brutal violence against women, and rampant social injustice. Simon Denyer, former Indian bureau chief for the Washington Post, perceptively captures India at this crucial tilting point in its history—from the Nehru-Gandhi family dynasty that has ruled the country for most of its post-independence years, to flawed heroes such as news anchor Arnab Goswami and anticorruption crusader Arvind Kejwiral, to, most compelling, ordinary people fighting daily against corruption and the system. They, Denyer convincingly shows, are harnessing the force of the world's largest democracy to positive effect, demanding transparency and accountability as never before. The battle between the deep-rooted system of graft and patronage and the forces demanding change will have huge global significance, and Denyer's insight makes Rogue Elephant a vital contribution to the international conversation about India's present and future. ils:.b21927261\|.i2626190x\|Louisville Adult NonFiction\|320.954 DEN\|\|\|1\|false\|false\|\|\|\|\|On Shelf\|Sep 10, 2015\|lsnfa\|\|, overdrive:6d12f04e-3deb-449e-9f1f-d8d8c33371ae\|-1\|Online OverDrive Collection\|Online OverDrive\|eBook\|eBook\|1\|false\|true\|OverDrive\|\|\|Adobe EPUB eBook,Kindle Book,OverDrive Read\|Available Online\|\|\|\| , hardcover book ils:.b21927261\|Book\|Books\|\|English\|Bloomsbury Press,\|[2014]\|440 pages ; 25 cm., overdrive:6d12f04e-3deb-449e-9f1f-d8d8c33371ae\|eBook\|eBook\|\|English\|Bloomsbury Publishing\|2014\| overdrive:6d12f04e-3deb-449e-9f1f-d8d8c33371ae -1 Available Online Available Online false true true false false false ils:.b21927261 .i2626190x On Shelf On Shelf false true true false false true 128, 129, 3, 131, 132, 133, 135, 8, 136, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 18, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, 86, 92, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 105, 106, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 125, 126, 127 Democracy -- India, India -- Politics and government, Political culture -- India Rogue elephant : harnessing the power of India's unruly democracy Rogue Elephant Harnessing the Power of India's Unruly Democracy, Rogue elephant : harnessing the power of India's unruly democracy / Simon Denver Rogue elephant : harnessing the power of India's unruly democracy Democracy, Nonfiction, Political culture, Politics and government, Travel	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11618
__label__cc	0.616417	0.383583	HV Towns News & Politics » General News & Politics Banning the Burqa by Lorna Tychostup The burqa is an image that burns in Western minds. Afghan women made anonymous by swaths of sky blue material covering them from head to foot—a face screen their only access to the world outside. The garment forced upon women by a ferocious and raging religious fundamentalism formulated by men—Taliban fanatics driving around in Toyota pickup trucks, stopping to whip these faceless blue ghosts on the street or hauling them off to be dug into holes in soccer fields to be readied for public stonings. These images brought the world’s eye to Afghanistan. They were part of the post-9/11 war cry that saw Laura Bush bring women’s rights activists from groups like the Feminist Majority and Equality Now! and Afghan women exiles to the White House in November, 2001, just weeks after the bombing had begun in Afghanistan. The rhetoric centered on liberation. With the Taliban routed, the burqa would be tossed aside, and women would emerge and breathe freedom. Freedom not experienced since forced modernization mandates put forth by successive Afghan rulers and later during the Soviet occupation gave them limited rights. Eight years later, the US is contemplating whether to surge the Afghan war effort in order to rid the growing Taliban and al Qaeda presence, or begin a slow drawdown of forces. This time there is no talk of freedom for Afghan women, who, due to the complete and total lack of security in their country, have opted to re-don the burqa—a Western name given to the garment Afghans call a chaddari—for safety reasons. There is no talk of the conservative backlash against women or how they suffered in the wake of each of their forced “emancipations.” As gender and development expert Lina Abirafeh says in her book, Gender and International Aid in Afghanistan: The Politics and Effects of Intervention (MacFarland, 2009), “Reforms have repeatedly flooded Afghanistan faster than the country can absorb them, should it choose to do so.” Abirafeh lived in Afghanistan from 2002 to 2006, working on gender issues and researching the effects of gender-focused international aid in conflict and post-conflict contexts, focusing on gender-based violence. According to Abirafeh, in the 1920s Afghanistan was a secular country working to extend women’s rights, yet by the 1990s it was captive to religious fanaticism, tribal patriarchy, and underdevelopment. She cites the combination of colonialism, economic dependence, and rapid social change as “a recipe for Muslim fundamentalism to flourish—a phenomenon exacerbated by international pressure exerted at the intersection of Islam, the state, and gender politics.” The result leaves the place of women as the only controllable social factor left once economic and political arenas become dependent on external interventions. Senior editor Lorna Tychostup interviewed Abirafeh (currently working in Papua New Guinea), via e-mail and discussed international aid to Afghanistan, how it affects the relationships between men and women today in Afghanistan, and the day-to-day realities for Afghan women. Lorna Tychostup: What is it like to be a woman in Afghanistan today? Lina Abirafeh: Afghan women continue to be among the worst off in the world. And yet they are largely forgotten. For all the hype that was generated in 2001 and 2002, our attention spans prove short once again. Many who gasped at the horrors Afghan women faced now show little interest, believing the issue to be resolved. Today, social indicators are depressing—and have hardly improved since 2001. Security is the greatest failing of the international community. As a result, Afghan women are faced with new challenges, the most serious of which is increased violence—particularly domestic and sexual violence. The threat or fear of violence is enough to keep women from public spaces. Afghan women’s illiteracy is one of the highest in the world. There might be more schools for girls—but the buildings are being burned and families fear sending their daughters. Poverty, discrimination, and gender inequality keep girls and women from education. Afghan women’s life expectancy is still very low, coupled with a maternal mortality ratio that is one of the highest in the world. Population rates are high—and the economic and social infrastructure continues to weaken. Women are still a minority in public life—despite their place in the Parliament and other political bodies. Livelihoods are deteriorating due to continued conflict, deteriorating security, increased corruption, and ongoing displacement. Women are forced into more dangerous fields in order to support their families—such as opium production and sex work fueled both by Afghans and internationals. In short, things are not going well. If I were an Afghan woman, I would be disillusioned and angered by aid. What has it done for them? One Afghan woman told me, “A woman in Afghanistan is a very popular object today.” Her use of the word “object” was deliberate. She said she was upset because the international community made her the center of unwanted attention, and the focus of myriad projects and plans, none of which she had a role in creating. At the same time, she felt that her own ability to determine and direct the changes was denied to her—leaving her reduced to an object that needed “fixing.” Is there an Afghan version of feminism? Yes. There are always movements to advocate for women’s rights—defined differently in every culture and context. Women have always exercised their ability to better their circumstances—and to provide for themselves and their families. Afghan feminisms are not alien importations. Feminism—just like all other social movements—evolves in response to injustice and inequality. Throughout Afghan history, women have been key players in challenging circumstances and using their own methods to achieve gains—gains that they seek, on their own terms. Unfortunately, the term “feminism” comes loaded with the impression that it is Western. And even in the West the term has been hijacked by a certain image that does not do justice to its core purpose—and to the diverse ways women find to express feminisms. There are still people—women and men alike—who regurgitate old “bra burning” rhetoric as a rationale for dismissing feminism. Bras or not—feminism is not a fad or fashion. And it is very much alive today—in Afghanistan and elsewhere. Afghan feminists wouldn’t define themselves that way, largely because their movement seeks to distance itself from a Western model—even though the underlying principles are the same. Afghan feminists—just like feminists from many other developing countries—struggle against imperialism alongside patriarchy. Afghan history tells us of incredible Afghan women who fought alongside men to liberate Afghanistan. How does Afghan feminism differ from its Western counterpart? The principles are the same, but the issues are different. Most Afghan women prefer to view their rights within the context of Islam. The perspectives are different—and the views are different. Of course, the opportunities are also different. As I mentioned, Afghan women are facing some pretty insurmountable struggles—many of which Western feminists do not experience. I do not think many American women can relate to the restrictions, fears, and constraints that Afghan women experience. We need to recognize that—despite our own issues—our position is one of privilege. It is impossible to separate feminist movements from the context in which they exist. After all, they are born out of the issues that arise within that specific context. You write that tribal practices overshadow Islam. Yet throughout Gender and International Aid, Islam seems to be at the center. In practice, tribal practices do overshadow what is written in Islam. Codes such as the Pashtunwali (the unwritten legal code of the Pashtun population) trump Islamic practices. Women’s honor is its cornerstone. As a result, women’s movements are very limited. These limitations are manifested in purdah, the separation of male and female spaces. It is not accurate to connect these conservative practices and women’s oppression to Islam. Afghans prefer to live within the parameters that Islam, in its pure form, provides—especially regarding gender roles and relations. Afghanistan is a Muslim country—this can’t be ignored. We need to engage with the religion as a core part of the context in which we are working. When listening to the voices of Afghan women and men, their desire to view their rights within an Islamic context comes across very clearly. Of the aid Afghanistan receives from the US, how much goes toward women’s issues? Funding for women’s issues isn’t clearly reported, and there are discrepancies in how much actually goes to “women’s issues.” There are complaints—justly—of misallocated funding, commitments not disbursed, and money not reaching Afghanistan. It is difficult to trace funds—but funding received was in no way compatible with the level of rhetoric. Particularly for women’s issues. I’m concerned that what we think is aid to women is actually supporting our “war on terror.” It has been made very clear that the military objective in Afghanistan is taking precedence over other so-called “softer issues.” Hilary Clinton recently made it clear that funding to Afghanistan is going towards combating al Qaeda and protecting the US. It is no longer about gender equality and democracy. Even in the early days, money wasn’t going toward improving the lives of Afghan people—and most Afghans are rightly angry as a result. They say, “Promises haven’t been implemented. They trick both men and women into believing that the world will come save them and change everything.” What is “Gender Apartheid”? “Gender Apartheid” was coined by the Feminist Majority Foundation to advocate for and attract interest in Afghan women’s human rights—and the abuses they faced under the Taliban. Waged by American feminists, this high-profile campaign used the image of the burqa, or chaddari, as its galvanizing point to generate world interest. The oppressed downtrodden creature beneath a blue sheet. Gasp! How can we allow this to happen?!? Many Afghan feminists felt that such campaigns—while well intended—were waged without them. The burqa became the symbol of abuse—and therefore removal of the garment would indicate “liberation” and an end to abuse. The chaddari was and is not the barometer by which to measure social change. In fact, its presence or absence does little to indicate liberation. We’d be better off judging liberation by what Afghan women say—and how they feel about their rights and roles. And their voices are quite clear—things are getting worse for them. Yet such campaigns were deemed successful by the West with the so-called liberation of Afghanistan in 2001. Unfortunately this liberation has yet to materialize. What is the relationship between Gender Apartheid and what you call “Chaddari Politics”? The chaddari is not a new object of Western obsession. It became a symbol of Taliban abuses, but it should be viewed in its sociopolitical and historical context. It was not a Taliban invention—and in fact was used at times as a symbol of resistance and not just a one-dimensional vehicle of oppression. The bottom line is that any act of veiling is not a denial of women’s ability to act on their own behalf, no matter how perverse our curiosities and fetishes on veiling might be. I think of Edward Said’s Orientalism in this case—because the Western world still has not managed to contain its curiosity for what lies beneath a veil. I use the term “Chaddari Politics” because the chaddari has political implications. The “Gender Apartheid” campaign used it as a political tool. Afghans use the term burqa when they are discussing the garment with us—but amongst themselves they use the Dari/Persian term chaddari. Despite this, American feminists made burqa the prevalent term. In 2002, when I moved to Afghanistan, I wrote reports to the organizations, donors, sponsors, etc. to help them understand the situation. Stating my impressions in my first report I wrote: “My sense is that Afghan women long for choice—the choice to wear a veil, or a burqa, or nothing at all. The issue extends well beyond the actual fabric of the burqa. It is more important to address the psychological burqa, and its progeny—the fear burqa and the poverty burqa. Social evolution is a slow process, and our task in this is to offer women the tools with which they can achieve self-sufficiency, a choice, and a voice.” Today, it is worthwhile questioning the extent to which we’ve done that—and what all these changes that are taking place actually mean to Afghans. Yet the chaddari/burqa imagery helps to bring in donor money to NGOs that supply aid. NGO media campaigns depict the Taliban as the “problem” and NGOs as the “solution.” Men, in general, are viewed as “bad” and women as “good.” Any image of veiling tends to generate attention as it takes place in a post-9/11 context where the Western world is filled with a fear and fascination with political Islam, particularly the role of women in Islam. And of course the veil—or any form of covering—is the public manifestation of this fear and fascination. As a result, it becomes easy to imagine how a veiled woman might be in need of aid. Despite our curiosities, we don’t often see that a strong, intelligent, and capable Afghan woman could be beneath the blue! The aid community likes to boil things down to black and white in order to simplify our work—or perhaps to justify the need for it. Interventions are either successes or failures. We miss out on the nuances. You talk about how the word “gender” is the new buzzword of the international community, and how Afghans have no translation or definition for it. Yet Afghans have learned to use it as a marketing tool because they know it will get them aid money. Gender is about the attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female in a given society at a given time. It isn’t just another word for women. It has economic, social, cultural, and political implications. It is socially constructed and changes over time—and based on specific events. In Dari or Pashto, they still don’t have a definition for gender that everyone agrees upon or understands. We in the West still use gender as another word for women or sex—which is wrong on both counts. Gender is more complex. When we use the term gender to mean women, we are conveniently cutting the political implications out—leaving us with a buzzword, a new way to say women. Instead we should say “women” when we mean women, and reserve “gender” for more robust usage, which means including men and looking at politics as the distribution of power—meaning resources and influence, and an understanding of who gets what, when, how—and why. Aid is always political. Social change is political. Gender is political—especially in Afghanistan. So we owe it to Afghans to take on the term in its full form. As one Afghan man I interviewed said, “It’s important to know and to find out for ourselves what gender means in Afghanistan.” He explained that Afghans weren’t given the space to determine what kind of changes they sought—and how to go about them. In effect, Afghans felt that we were imposing our own views of what gender roles and relations should be like on Afghanistan. Yet, at the same time, the use of the word gender segregates Afghan men from Afghan women and causes problems in their relations. Afghan men feel their needs are being ignored. We don’t often engage men in gender interventions. We usually see them as perpetrators (and women as victims) or as obstacles to women’s development. If we engage them at all, it is to advance women’s interests. Rarely do we take note of men who are supporters, advocates, champions—I met many such men in Afghanistan. Yet we hardly ever engage men in their own right. It is possible to empower women without undermining men. Many Afghan men say women are given priority and men are forgotten. They claim aid organizations do not follow through with their promises to men. Men’s honor is insulted given that their traditional role is as breadwinner—yet they are not given the opportunity to work. This is at the core of what it means to be a man, and not just in Afghanistan. We saw increases in violence against women post-Katrina. There is a strong link between the breadwinner aspect of male identity and violence against women. Men in Afghanistan and elsewhere express this largely through increased violence against women—specifically domestic violence. It is important to understand that this is not an “Afghan thing” or a “Muslim thing.” It’s a global problem. Afghan women express concern too, saying such things as: “I don’t know what opportunities men have. Many are without opportunities.” “Men need to have opportunities like women so they can work and feel proud.” “Men are suffering more than women.” “Men are becoming more aggressive and angry to women because organizations do not give them any attention.” You write: “It is assumed that the corruption and degradation of Afghan women is a fundamental part of the Western imperialism agenda.” How does the underbelly antics of the international aid community add to this assumption? Development work is more than a full-time job—it is a lifestyle choice. How we behave “after hours” cannot be separated from the work we are doing during the day. And we also need to exercise a healthy dose of humility—yet I see precisely the opposite. Firstly, we are guests in the country, so we need to abide by their rules. Recreating lives similar to those we lived “back home” is not a wise strategy, as it doesn’t reflect respect for the communities in which we work. We create an economy around our presence, which drives certain industries—black market alcohol, prostitution, pornography, etc.—how does this look to Afghans? A poor Afghan woman knows that prostitution is a more lucrative industry than potatoes. Afghans assume that we interfere in Afghanistan and end up corrupting Afghan women. In terms of “underbelly antics” (I do love this term!), it’s the usual parties and alcohol—sometimes excessive. More dangerous than these activities is the obsessive drive for them—as if it is something to which we are entitled, by virtue of the “sacrifices” we make to do this work. There is an underlying arrogance here – a “detail” most Afghans do not overlook. In my days in Afghanistan, the biggest concern was the “no Afghan” door policy in Kabul restaurants that serve alcohol or the myriad brothels masquerading as restaurants—catering to foreigners. Afghans, view this as a form of “cultural imperialism”—an attack against their sense of Afghan identity, their Afghaniyat. Combine “cultural imperialism” with the Afghan view that few positive changes have taken place in their lives—surely a volatile combination. I’m sure most Afghans would argue that they would be better off without that sort of “aid.” And when we behave in these ways after hours, it becomes difficult for Afghan women to align themselves with us. They don’t like it—and Afghan men won’t permit it. We end up undermining our own efforts. Our experiences in places such as Afghanistan should not be about adventure, ethnic trinkets, and heroic near-misses that we love to boast about at the end of the day. The danger in such places is they attract “emergency junkies” who thrive on such thrills—but who add little value for Afghans. For those who aren’t really committed to bettering the lives of Afghans, Disneyworld might be a better alternative. This isn’t about being a saint or a martyr—but it’s about Afghans first. Does aid intervention do more harm than good? Badly planned aid interventions surely do more harm than good. In principle, we are out to achieve “good.” We owe it to Afghans to make good on that—especially after years of neglect, a history of abandonment, and an array of clumsy approaches that do little more than build resistance and leave Afghans—particularly Afghan women—worse off than they were before. One of the biggest concerns I heard was the idea that aid interventions imported their own ideas of what was wrong with Afghan women—and how to fix it. That kind of approach is patronizing. It was doomed from the start. As one Afghan woman who runs an NGO told me, “In Afghan history, we have imported policies from other places. This is why it doesn’t work. If we want democracy, we have to go step by step, starting from the beginning, and not running. If we run, we will fall down. We should walk slowly and look around us in order to be successful. Again today, just like before, Afghans are running, running after democracy, running after gender. And when we fall down no one will be able to rescue us. Not even the international community.” How is honor linked to Afghan sovereignty? Honor for Afghans is about freedom from outside interference. A historically divisive Afghanistan has been united many times by the need to drive out occupiers—physical or ideological. There is historical precedent for this. The problem emerges when Afghans make a parallel between the previous occupiers and the current “regime”—international organizations. Today it is both a military and an ideological occupation. Is it any wonder that forces like the Taliban are gaining power—and appeal? Aid has been a means by which outsiders have gained influence in Afghanistan—and Afghans see history dangerously repeating itself. We need to understand the link between Afghanistan’s legacy of occupation and Afghan honor—and how these forces combine to create a strong resistance to outside interference today. An Afghan man told me “the world thought they could bring freedom to Afghan women, but freedom is only won from the inside.” Indeed, that is the point. Freedom—our fight for it, and our perception of it—comes from within. And Afghans have fought time and again for freedom on their terms—today is no different. So if we’re not helping them to achieve the freedom they seek—we should just get out. You talk about how some Afghan men complain that aid organizations “interfere with family issues.” Rana Husseini, who broke tradition and began to cover honor killings in Jordan, said men in her country complained that shelters for battered women interfered with “family issues.” It took years for the Jordanian government to agree upon what to call shelters for abused women and those threatened with violence. Women who had been attacked or threatened with death by family members, afraid that male relatives would kill them to satisfy their perception of honor, were put into prison for their own protection. Some women spent 10 to 15 years in prison being kept “safe” from male family members who would kill them. I understand the cultural differences and the need to go slow with change. But how can one reconcile abusive tactics or behaviors with such claims of interference? A very tricky area. I think the only way we can reconcile any of these contradictions is to refrain from passing judgment and to take our cue from Afghan women and men. We can provide them with the tools and resources to make the changes that they see fit—that work for them. The perceptions of Afghan men that aid organizations “interfere with family issues” refer to the pervasive image that Afghan women are oppressed—and therefore Afghan men are the oppressors. This is a simplistic juxtaposition that doesn’t reflect Afghan realities. Afghans who I spoke with shared the belief that changes were imposed on them—and they were not given a voice to determine the direction—and pace—of the changes. One Afghan woman put it best. She said, “If the men and women together decide on the changes, they will be good. If someone else from the outside makes the changes, no one will be happy with it.” Men felt that international organizations deliberately “took their rights” by neglecting them and focusing on women. So, in addition to the perception that changes were imposed on them by the West, men also felt that aid organizations were stripping them of their dignity and denying them a place in the family. So much for doing “gender” work. A woman outside an NGO office in Paghman, Afganistan, waiting in a long line to register for aid. Day laborers on the street in Kabul, hoping for work. Latest in News & Politics Editor's Note: Millennializing Chronogram? Our acting editor Marie Doyon shares a few facts about millennials. by Marie Doyon Letter to the Editor \| July 2019 Readers share their views/opinion on articles from previous issues. by Chronogram Staff 9 Strange Headlines You Might Have Missed in June News stories you might have missed last month. by Max Freebern © 2019 Chronogram Magazine	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11620
__label__cc	0.561351	0.438649	War Resisters League (person) by eldritch Tue Sep 05 2000 at 21:22:18 Believing war to be a crime against humanity, the War Resisters League, founded in 1923, advocates Gandhian nonviolence as the method for creating a democratic society free of war, racism, sexism, and human exploitation. From their website (http://www.nonviolence.org/wrl/) : WRL was organized in 1923 by men and women who had opposed WWI, many of whom had been jailed for refusing military service. The founders, including Jessie Wallace Hughan, leading suffragette, socialist, and pacifist, believed that if enough people stood in total opposition to war, governments would hesitate to go to war. During WWII hundreds of members were imprisoned in the US for refusing to fight. The League was radicalized when these resisters left prison after the war. Not only had the prison experience deepened their thinking, but League members were impressed by the drama of Gandhi's nonviolent struggle for India's liberation. In the 1950s WRL members worked in the Civil Rights movement, in opposition to nuclear testing and "Civil Defense," and helped launch Liberation magazine. In the 1960s the League was the first peace group to call for US withdrawal from Vietnam and played a key role throughout the war-organizing the burning of draft cards, rallies, civil disobedience at induction centers, and assisting resisters. They are still very active today and have been a driving force in many movements. Ammon Hennacy Stupak-Pitts Amendment tax resister Dorothy Day conscientious objector suffrage pacifism Mahatma Gandhi Giant Squid Party Platform Maxim 1950 WWII Déjà Vu All Over Again: Unoriginality in Hollywood Chicago Fire Department Desine fata deum flecti sperare precando	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11621
__label__wiki	0.848545	0.848545	346 U.S. 156 - Stein v. People of State of New York Wissner 346 US 156 Stein v. People of State of New York Wissner 73 S.Ct. 1077 97 L.Ed. 1522 PEOPLE OF STATE OF NEW YORK. WISSNER v. PEOPLE OF STATE OF NEW YORK. COOPER v. PEOPLE OF STATE OF NEW YORK. Nos. 391, 392 and 393. Argued Dec. 18, 1952. [Syllabus from pages 156-158 intentionally omitted] Messrs. John J. Duff, J. Bertram Wegman and Peter L. F. Sabbatino, New York City, for petitioners. Messrs. John J. O'Brien, New York City, John C. Marbach, White Plains, N.Y., for respondent. Mr. Justice JACKSON delivered the opinion of the Court. Petitioners were found guilty of felony murder1 by a jury in Westchester County, New York, and sentenced to death. The New York Court of Appeals affirmed without opinion.2 We granted certiorari, because of questions raised by use of two confessions.3 The trial lasted over seven weeks and the record runs to more than 3,000 pages. Evidence proffered and heard, subject to rejection or acceptance in the judgment of the jury, included two written confessions by petitioners Cooper and Stein, together with testimony as to their incidental oral confessions and admissions. Each written confession implicated all three defendants and all objected to introduction of each confession on the ground that it was coerced. Wissner further moved as to each that, if Cooper's and Stein's confessions were admitted, all reference to him be stricken from them. The trial court heard evidence in the presence of the jury as to the issue of coercion and left determination of the question to the jury. Petitioners claim that such use of these confessions creates a constitutional infirmity which requires this Court to set aside the conviction. I. Facts About the Crime. The main office of Reader's Digest is thirty-one miles from New York City, in the relatively rural area of northern Westchester County, near the town of Pleasantville. From this secluded headquarters a truck several times each day makes a run to and from town. On April 3, 1950, William Waterbury was driver of the 2:50 p.m. trip into Pleasantville. He picked up Andrew Petrini, a fellow employee, and various bags containing mail, about $5,000 in cash, and about $35,000 in checks, and started down the lonely country roads to town. Neither was armed. After a few hundred yards, Waterbury was cut off and halted by another truck that had been meandering slowly in front of him. He observed a man wearing a false nose and eyeglasses and with a revolver in his hand running toward him. After an unsuccessful attempt to open the door, the assailant fired one shot into Petrini's head. Waterbury was then ordered into the back of the truck where another man tied him up. His captors took the bag containing the money and checks and abandoned the truck on a side road with Waterbury bound and gagged therein. A few minutes later he was released by a passer-by and had Petrini hurried to the hospital where he died shortly from the effects of a .38 revolver bullet lodged in his skull. Near the scene of the crime police found the abandoned truck used by the killers to block the way of Waterbury. It was learned to be the property of Spring Auto Rental Co., on New York's lower East Side and at the time of the murder to have been out on hire to a man who had rented the same truck on three prior occasions and who each time had identified himself by producing New York driver's license No. 1434549, issued to W. W. Comins, of 228 West 47th Street, New York City. The address turned out to be a hotel and the name fictitious. However, the police managed to establish that the license had been procured by one William Cooper. It is more than a figure of speech to say that William Cooper had an ironclad alibi: at the time of this crime he was serving a sentence in a federal penitentiary. Suspicion attached to members of his family. Nearly two months ran on with no solution of the crime, however, until toward the end of May or the beginning of June when police learned that William's brother, petitioner Calman Cooper, had served a sentence in federal prison where he was a 'working partner' and chess-playing buddy of one Brassett, who was serving time for having rifled mails addressed to the Reader's Digest while working in Pleasantville. It appeared that during their prison association Brassett had told Calman Cooper of the opportunity awaiting at Reader's Digest for an enterprising and clever robber. On June 5, 1950, police arranged for Arthur Jeppeson, who had rented the Spring truck to 'W. W. Comins,' to be on a street in New York City where they expected Calman Cooper to pass. Jeppeson testified on the trial that Cooper recognized him and said to him that 'this truck that he rented from me was in a killing upstate and he had nothing to do with it * * .' Jeppeson testified that he then asked Cooper two questions: 'Why the hell didn't you report it to the police?' and ' * * why did he give me that license * * ?' Cooper's reply was stated to be, 'That is the license they gave him to give me.' Jeppeson further testified that Cooper had inquired if the officers had shown him any pictures and asked him not to identify Cooper to the police. At the end of this conversation, on Jeppeson's signal, two policemen closed in and arrested Cooper. That night (2 a.m., June 6) petitioner Stein was arrested. On June 7, about 9 a.m., petitioner Wissner was arrested. The three petitioners were arraigned and charged with murder on the evening of June 8. A fourth suspect, Dorfman, was sought but remained at large until he voluntarily surrendered on June 19, 1950. All four were indicted for murder. When the time came for trial, the case against Dorfamn, who turned state's evidence, was severed. A motion for separate trial by petitioner Wissner was denied, and trial proceeded against the three remaining defendants. Other than two alibi witnesses offered by Wissner and a halfhearted attempt by Cooper to establish insanity, the defense consisted almost entirely of attempts to break down the prosecution's case. None of the defendants testified. The confessions constituted only a part of the evidence submitted to the jury. We can learn the context in which the confessions were obtained by the police and received in evidence only from a summary of the whole testimony. Waterbury, who was in the truck with the murdered Petrini, identified Wissner as the man who fired the shot and Stein as the man who tied him up.4 He testified that on the 8th of June the police brought him to Hawthorne Barracks and that, upon entering a room in which Stein was present, defendant Stein pointed out Waterbury as the driver of the truck.5 On cross-examination, he recounted that he had picked Wissner out of a lineup at Hawthorne Barracks on June 8 and identified him as the killer.6 Jeppeson testified that the rental truck had been let to Cooper an April 3 and on three previous occasions, Cooper having in each case used an alias and a false license as before stated, and having given his occupation as 'bookseller.' He also testified as to his conversation with Cooper on the morning of the latter's arrest. Dorfman, in substance, testified that he and Wissner were partners in an auto rental business on the lower East Side of New York City. Cooper and Stein had approached them about six weeks before April 3 with the suggestion that they collaborate on a robbery at the Reader's Digest. The truck used in the killing had been rented by Cooper on April 3 and on three previous occasions when the conspirators had driven to Pleasantville to 'case' the area and determine whether conditions were favorable for success in the crime. At these times, and one other, they also brought to Pleasantville an auto owned by the Dorfman-Wissner agency. On April 3, the four set out for Pleasantville with the truck, the car, and a tan valise containing three guns owned by Wissner. They left the car about a mile from the Reader's Digest and all got in the rented truck. The guns were distributed, Dorfman getting a black automatic and Wissner a nickel-plated revolver. The holdup proceeded in the manner described by Waterbury. Dorfman heard a short during the holdup, but did not see who fired it. On the way back, however, Wissner expressed regret at the necessity of shooting the guard. The defendants threw away their guns, left the Reader's Digest truck, with Waterbury tied up inside, on a side road and left the rental truck at the place where the car had been parked during the commission of the crime. They drove back toward New York in the car. When they got to the Bronx, they parked the car and went on by subway and taxicab to Dorfman's apartment in Brooklyn, where they divided up the proceeds and separated. Subsequently, Dorfman and one Homishak went up to the Bronx and picked up the car. Under New York law, Dorfman's testimony, since he was an accomplice, required corroboration.7 It was afforded in the following ways: (1) Mrs. Dorfman testified that Cooper, Stein and Wissner had come to her apartment with her husband on the evening of April 3 and that they carried with them the tan valise which Dorfman had identified as that used on the robbery. It was established by police testimony that this valise had been found in June in Dorfman's apartment and when searched was found to contain a fragment of paper from an order form used by the Reader's Digest in April of 1950—an order form to which subscribers frequently attached cash in such manner that on removal of the cash a portion of the order form would come with it. (2) Police testified that Dorfman's automatic was found near the area where he said that he had thrown it away on April 3. (3) It was established that Petrini was killed by a bullet from a .38 revolver. (4) Homishak testified that he saw Dorfman in the company of the three petitioners on April 38 and that he accompanied Dorfman to the Bronx to pick up the car that night. (5) An employee of the Reader's Digest at Pleasantville testified that he had seen the Spring Rental truck on the premises on April 3 and on one prior occasion. (6) Jeppeson's testimony substantiated Dorfman's story about rental of the truck.9 (7) It was established that Cooper had absented himself from his job on April 3. (8) Waterbury's testimony about the events of April 3 and identification of Stein and Wissner checked with Dorfman's story. (9) The two confessions, if accepted by the jury, also were corroborative of the accomplice Dorfman in many details. The defendants made no attempt to contradict or explain away any of this damaging testimony. Cooper's counsel, during a colloquy with the court, admitted that Cooper had rented the truck involved on April 3 and offered no explanation as to how this fact could be consistent with his client's claim of innocence. An effort was made on summation to convince the jury that Dorfman, who did not have a prior criminal record, was the killer and had accused these other three, with his wife's cooperation, in order to save his own life. The tenor of the defense appears from Cooper's counsel on summation: 'I don't care whether Cooper is innocent or guilty, that is insignificant in the solution of the fundamental problem as to whether the state troopers and other enforcing authorities themselves have violated far more fundamental principles * . ' * * Don't narrow yourselves into a mere solution of a petty murder * * . Of course, we want a solution to that, but that is secondary, if the solution of that means that you are going to weaken the very foundations of the republic; then you would be unfit to be jurors.' Wissner's counsel devoted about half of his summation to arguing that the murder was not 'premeditated'—a point without legal significance in felony murder under New York law. II. Facts About the Confessions. Against this background, we come to the controversy over the confessions. Uncontroverted evidence establishes the following: Cooper.—Cooper, who made the first and most crucial confession, was arrested by the state police at 9 o'clock on Monday morning, June 5, under circumstances previously described. His father, who was with him at the time, also was arrested. Both were taken to a police station in New York City, where they were held (but not booked) until early in the afternoon. Thence, they were taken to state police headquarters at Hawthorne, in Westchester County, the county of the offense, arriving at about 2 o'clock. At Hawthorne, the Coopers were separated; the father was detained in the police barracks and the son was taken to an office across the courtyard, known as the Bureau of Identification room, where Cooper's interrogation and his ultimate confession took place. Although Cooper was continuously under guard and handcuffed, no one questioned him until 8 p.m., at which time three officers interrogated him for four or five hours. During this period, Cooper was confronted with his former prison mate, Brassett. However, he did not confess. Questioning was resumed the following day (Tuesday) at 10 a.m. and continued until 6 p.m., the same three officers participating. Just after 6 p.m. Cooper began to discuss confessing. At this time his father was being held at Howthorne; his brother Morris had been arrested in New York, where his mere presence violated terms of his parole and rendered him subject to disciplinary action. Cooper first obtained a commitment by the police that his father would be released if he confessed. He then asked to see an official of the Parole Board in order to obtain assurance that, if he confessed, his brother Morris would not be prosecuted for parole violation. Accordingly, about 8 p.m. Reardon, an employee of the Parole Board, came to see Cooper, but the latter was not satisfied with his interview. Reardon's superior, Parole Commissioner Donovan, was sent for. Donovan arrived at about 10 p.m. and gave Cooper satisfactory assurance that Morris would be unmolested if Cooper 'cooperated.' Cooper then confessed orally to Reardon and Donovan. Thus the confession was first imparted, not to the police who are charged with brutality, but to visiting parole officials not so accused and called in at his own request. Thereupon, a typewritten confession was prepared which Cooper signed after making certain corrections, at about 1:30 or 2 on the morning of the 7th. It is twelve pages long, in great detail; it is corroborated throughout by other evidence, and its general character is such that it could have been fabricated only by a person gifted with extraordinarily creative imagination. Stein.—Stein was arrested at his brother's home at 2 a.m. on the morning of the 6th, before Cooper confessed. He was taken immediately to Hawthorne Barracks and confined in a room in the basement. The following morning, Captain Glasheen, commandant at the barracks, questioned him for an hour. After lunch questioning was resumed, with another officer joining in the questioning, and continued for two or three hours. That evening, Captain Glasheen returned and interrogated Stein from 7 p.m. until 2 a.m., with no result. At 2 a.m., Stein was informed about Cooper's confession and left with the advice to 'sleep on it.' The following morning, Stein was ready to confess. By afternoon, a statement had been prepared, corrected and signed. This seven-page statement, like Cooper's, was so complete and detailed and so dovetailed with the extrinsic evidence that, if it were not true, its author The following day, Stein went to Pleasantville The following day, Stein went to Pleasantiville with two officers and explained on the ground how the crime had been committed. Wissner.—Wissner was arrested about 9 a.m. on June 7 subsequent to Cooper's confession, which implicated him—and taken to Hawthorne, where he remained until his arraignment. He made no confession. There is no direct testimony that petitioners were subjected to physical violence or the threat of it during their detention.10 None of the defendants took the witness stand to substantiate their claims. With one exception, every police officer who had contact with Cooper or Stein during detention was or could have been questioned about it by the defense. The exception came into contact with Stein only and was not shown to have been with him except in the presence of others who were witnesses. Thus police testimony was consistent and unshaken that no violence or threats were used, that the accused were given food at mealtimes and, with the exceptions we have stated, were allowed to sleep at night. The defendants' contentions as to physical violence rest entirely on circumstantial evidence. They would be utterly without support except for inferences, which they urge, from the admitted fact that when first physically examined, the day after arraignment, they showed certain bruises and injuries which could have been sustained from violent 'third-degree' methods. On the morning of June 9, they were examined by the prison physician. Cooper had been in custody at the barracks between three and four days, Stein three days and Wissner two days. Testimony by the prison doctor who examined them predicated mainly on the notes he made at that time was that Wissner had a broken rib and various bruises and abrasions on the side, legs, stomach and buttocks; Cooper had bruises on the chest, stomach, right arm, and both buttocks; Stein had a bruise on his right arm. Counsel for the petitioners, who examined them on the 9th and 10th of June, testified that then injuries sustained by each were more extensive than those described in the doctor's testimony. The record stands that the injuries were of such nature that they might have been received prior to arrest;11 indeed, one of the petitioners—Wissner, who exhibited perhaps the worst of the injuries but never confessed—was undergoing treatment at the time he was arrested.12 III. Constitutionality of Procedures Employed Below. In the setting of these facts, the constitutional issues raised by petitioners involve procedural features not heretofore adjudicated by this Court. In view of the uncontradicted direct as well as circumstantial evidence against the defendants, the part, if any, played by the confessions in the conviction is uncertain. The jury was instructed to consider the confessions only if it found them to have been voluntary. It rendered a general verdict of guilty. Under these circumstances, we cannot be sure whether the jury found the defendants guilty by accepting and relying, at least in part, upon the confessions or whether it rejected the confessions and found them guilty on the other evidence. Indeed, except as we rely upon a presumption that the jurors followed instructions, we cannot know that some jurors may not have acted upon one basis, while some convicted on the other. Also, since the Court of Appeals affirmed without opinion, we are not certain whether it did so on the ground that the confessions were properly relied on or that even without them the verdict was adequately supported.13 The New York procedures in this case therefore must be examined, not only as to their own constitutionality, but as to their consequence if valid, and the weight to be given to conclusions so reached. The ideal of fair procedure was self-imposed by New York long before it was imposed upon her. New York's Constitution has enjoined observance of due process of law at least since 1821,14 and statute law has provided for exclusion from evidence of coerced confessions since 1881.15 The Court of Appeals is charged by the State with ultimate authority in such a case as this to adjudge and redress violations of that mandate. Their appeal, taken as matter of right, afforded petitioners a review with a latitude much wider than is permitted to us. That court, in a death case, is empowered by statute to order a new trial for errors of law, or if the conviction is found to be 'against the weight of evidence', or if the court is satisfied for any reason whatever 'that justice requires a new trial'.16 Even where it finds that the jury could 'reasonably credit the denial of the police', if it considers that the prosecution had failed to produce all reasonably available evidence to clear charges of coercion, it will order 'a new trial, where there can be a more adequate search for the truth.' People v. Mummiani, 258 N.Y. 394, 403, 180 N.E. 94, 97, 98. Although, even within this range, the Court of Appeals found no cause for upsetting this conviction, our review penetrates its judgment and searches the record in the trial court. The procedure adopted by New York for excluding coerced confessions relies heavily on the jury. It requires a preliminary hearing as to admissibility, but does not permit the judge to make a final determination that a confession is admissible. He may indeed, must—exclude any confession if he is convinced that it was not freely made or that a verdict that it was so made would be against the weight of evidence. But, while he may thus cast the die against the prosecution, he cannot do so against the accused. If the voluntariness issue presents a fair question of fact, he must receive the confession and leave to the jury, under proper instructions, the ultimate determination of its voluntary character and also its truthfulness. People v. Weiner, 248 N.Y. 118, 161 N.E. 441. The judge is not required to exclude the jury while he hears evidence as to voluntariness, People v. Brasch, 193 N.Y. 46, 85 N.E. 809, and perhaps is not permitted to do so, People v. Randazzio, 194 N.Y. 147, 159, 87 N.E. 112, 117. The trial court held a preliminary hearing as to admissibility of these confessions before the jury. No defendant objected or requested hearing with the jury absent. The court advised counsel for each defendant that he might cross-examine all witnesses called by the State and offer any on his own behalf, and both privileges were exercised. The judge ruled that a question of fact resulted, which he submitted under instructions which authorized the jury to find the confessions coerced not only because of 'force and intimidation and fear' but also for any 'implied coercion because of the manner in which they (the confessors) were kept in custody,' and on both grounds the burden to prove beyond reasonable doubt was placed upon the State.17 New York procedure does not leave the outcome finally to the caprice of a lay jury, unfamiliar with the techniques of trial practice. The trial judge, too, has a heavy responsibility resulting from broad powers to set aside a verdict if he thinks the evidence does not warrant it.18 Petitioners submitted such a motion, which the judge denied, thus adding the weight of his own approval to the jury verdict. An attack on the fairness of New York procedure is that petitioners could not take the witness stand to support, with their own oaths, the charges their counsel made against the state police without becoming subject to general cross-examination. State law on the subject is disputed and uncertain. It is clear that the Court of Appeals would not have held it error had such witnesses been subjected to general cross-examination.19 Respondents, however, contend, and petitioners deny, that it is the practice of trial courts to limit cross-examination under these circumstances, and each cites records of prosecutions to confirm firm its position. It is not impossible that cross-examination could be employed so as to work a denial of due process. But no basis is laid for such a contention here. Appellate courts leave an exceptional discretion to trial courts to provent abuse and injustice. But here the defendants took no step which would call for or permit an exercise of such discretion. They made no request for a ruling by the trial court and made no offer or suggestion of readiness to testify, however restricted the cross-examination might be.20 We do not know whether, or how far, the court would have permitted any line of cross-examination, nor what specific limitation defendants would have claimed. We will not adjudge a trial court guilty of constructive abuse by imputing to it a ruling that never was made on a proposition that never was put to it. Petitioners' attack is so unbounded and unqualified that it could prevail only if the Fourteenth Amendment were construed to allow them to testify to their coercion by the police, shielded from any cross-examination whatever. If they had given such testimony, it would have been in direct conflict with that of the police, and the decision would depend on which was believable. Certainly the Constitution does not prohibit tests of credibility which American law uniformly applies to witnesses. If in open court, free from violence or threat of it, defendants had been obliged to admit incriminating facts, it might bear on the credibility of their claim that the same facts were admitted to the police only in response to beating. And if they became witnesses, does the Constitution compel the State to forego attack on their credibility by showing former convictions? We now know that each had an impressive felony record, one including murder and another perjury.21 Doubtless, to have testified would have resulted in disclosing this to the jury, while silence would keep it from being brought to light until after the verdict. We think, on any realistic view of this case, they stayed off the stand not because the State would subject them to any improper cross-examination but because their records made them vulnerable to any proper one. The State did not seek to draw any inference adverse to defendants from their choice of silence, cf. Adamson v. People of State of California, 332 U.S. 46, 67 S.Ct. 1672, 91 L.Ed. 1903, beyond the obvious fact that their confessions have not been repudiated, their charge of police violence is left without testimonial support, and the police account of the confessions is undenied. In trial of a coercion issue, as of every other issue, when the prosecution has made a case to go to the jury, an accused must choose between the disadvantage from silence and that from testifying. The Constitution safeguards the right of a defendant to remain silent; it does not assure him that he may remain silent and still enjoy the advantages that might have resulted from testifying. We cannot say that petitioners have been denied a fair hearing of the coercion charge. Petitioners suffer a disadvantage inseparable from the issues they raise in that this procedure does not produce any definite, open and separate decision of the confession issue. Being cloaked by the general verdict, petitioners do not know what result they really are attacking here. For all we know, the confession issue may have been decided in their favor. The jury may have agreed that the confessions were coerced, or at least that the State had not met the burden of proving beyond a reasonable doubt that they were voluntary. If the method of submission is, as we believe, constitutional, it leaves us to review hypothetical alternatives. This method of trying the coercion issue to a jury is not informative as to its disposition. Sometimes the record permits a guess or inference, but where other evidence of guilt is strong a reviewing court cannot learn whether the final result was to receive or to reject the confessions as evidence of guilt. Perhaps a more serious, practical cause of dissatisfaction is the absence of any assurance that the confessions did not serve as makeweights in a compromise verdict, some jurors accepting the confessions to overcome lingering doubt of guilt, others rejecting them but finding their doubts satisfied by other evidence, and yet others or perhaps all never reaching a separate and definite conclusion as to the confessions but returning an unanalytical and impressionistic verdict based on all they had heard. Courts uniformly disapprove compromise verdicts but are without other means than admonitions to ascertain or control the practice. Defendants, when two or more issues are submitted, are entitled to instructions appropriate to discountenance, discourage and forbid such practice. However, no question is raised in this respect as to the charge in this case. In civil cases, certainty and exposure of the process is sometimes sought by the special verdict or by submission of interrogatories. E.g., 49 Fed.Rules Civ.Proc., 28 U.S.C.A. But no general practice of these techniques has developed in American criminal procedure. Our own Rules of Criminal Procedure make no provision for anything but a general verdict. Indeed, departure from this has sometimes been resisted as an impairment of the right to trial by jury, see People v. Tessmer, 171 Mich. 522, 137 N.W. 214, 41 L.R.A.,N.S., 433; State v. Boggs, 87 W.Va. 738, 106 S.E. 47, 18 A.L.R. 1360, which usually implies one simple general verdict that convicts or frees the accused. Nor have the courts favored any public or private post-trial inquisition of jurors as to how they reasoned, lest it operate to intimidate, beset and harass them. This Court will not accept their own disclosure of forbidden quotient verdicts in damage cases. McDonald v. Pless, 238 U.S. 264, 35 S.Ct. 783, 59 L.Ed. 1300. Nor of compromise in a criminal case whereby some jurors exchanged their convictions on one issue in return for concession by other jurors on another issue. Hyde v. United States, 225 U.S. 347, 32 S.Ct. 793, 56 L.Ed. 1114. 'If evidence thus secured could be thus used, the result would be to make what was intended to be a private deliberation, the constant subject of public investigation; to the destruction of all frankness and freedom of discussion and conference.' McDonald v. Pless, supra, 238 U.S. at pages 267—268, 35 S.Ct. at page 784. But this inability of a reviewing court to see what the jury has really done is inherent in jury trial of any two or more issues, and departure from instruction is a risk inseparable from jury secrecy and independence. The uncertainty, while the cause of concern and dissatisfaction in the literature of the profession, does not render the customary jury practice unconstitutional. The Fourteenth Amendment does not forbid jury trial of the issue. The states are free to allocate functions as between judge and jury as they see fit. Cf. Walker v. Sauvinet, 92 U.S. 90, 23 L.Ed. 678; Minneapolis & St. L.R. Co. v. Bombolis, 241 U.S. 211, 36 S.Ct. 595, 60 L.Ed. 961. Many states emulate the New York practice,22 while others hold that presence of the jury during preliminary hearing is not error.23 Despite the difficult problems raised by such jury trial, we will not strike down as unconstitutional procedures so long established and widely approved by state judiciaries, regardless of our personal opinion as to their wisdom. We have, therefore, to consider the constitutional effect of both alternatives left to the jury by the court's instruction, assuming it to have followed one or the other. They involve very different considerations and are best discussed separately. IV. Was It Unconstitutional if These Confessions Were Used as the Basis of Conviction? Since these convictions may rest in whole or in part upon the confessions, we must consider whether they are a constitutionally permissible foundation for a finding of guilt. Inquiries on which this Court must be satisfied are: (1) Under what circumstances were the confessions obtained? (2) Has the use of the confessions been repugnant to 'that fundamental fairness essential to the very concept of justice'? Lisenba v. People of State of California, 314 U.S. 219, 236, 62 S.Ct. 280, 290, 86 L.Ed. 166. The first is identical with that litigated before the trial court and jury. The second is within, if not identical with, those questions considered by the state appellate court. As to both questions, we have the identical evidence that was before both state courts. At the threshold of our inquiry, therefore, lies the question: What, if any, weight do we give to the verdict of the jury, the rulings of the trial judge and the determination of the state appellate court? Petitioners' argument here essentially is that the conclusions of the New York judges and jurors are mistaken and that by reweighing the same evidence we, as a superjury, should find that the confessions were coerced. This misapprehends our function and scope of review, a misconception which may be shared by some state courts with the result that they feel a diminished sense of responsibility for protecting defendants in confession cases.24 Of course, this Court cannot allow itself to be completely bound by state court determination of any issue essential to decision of a claim of federal right, else federal law could be frustrated by distorted fact finding. But that does not mean that we give no weight to the decision below, or approach the record de novo or with the latitude of choice open to some state appellate courts, such as the New York Court of Appeals. Mr. Justice Brandeis, for this Court, long ago warned that the Fourteenth Amendment does not, in guaranteeing due process, assure immunity from judicial error. Milwaukee Electric Railway & Light Co. v. State of Wisconsin ex rel. City of Milwaukee, 252 U.S. 100, 106, 40 S.Ct. 306, 309, 64 L.Ed. 476. It is only miscarriages of such gravity and magnitude that they cannot be expected to happen in an enlightened system of justice, or be tolerated by it if they do, that cause us to intervene to review, in the name of the Federal Constitution, the weight of conflicting evidence to support a decision by a state court. It is common courtroom knowledge that extortion of confessions by 'third-degree' methods is charged falsely as well as denied falsely. The practical problem is to separate the true from the false. Primary, and in most cases final, responsibility for determining contested facts rests, and must rest, upon state trial and appellate courts. A jury and the trial judge—knowing local conditions, close to the scene of events, hearing and observing the witnesses and parties—have the same undeniable advantages over any appellate tribunal in determining the charge of coercion of a confession as in determining the main charge of guilt of the crime. When the issue has been fairly tried and reviewed, and there is no indication that constitutional standards of judgment have been disregarded, we will accord to the state's own decision great and, in the absence of impeachment by conceded facts, decisive respect. Gallegos v. State of Nebraska, 342 U.S. 55, 60, 72 S.Ct. 141, 144, 96 L.Ed. 86; Lyons v. State of Oklahoma, 322 U.S. 596, 602—603, 64 S.Ct. 1208, 1212, 88 L.Ed. 1481; Lisenba v. People of State of California, 314 U.S. 219, 62 S.Ct. 280, 86 L.Ed. 166. Accordingly, we accept this verdict and judgment as a permissible resolution of contradictions in evidence or conflicting inferences unless, as is urged, undisputed facts indicate use of incorrect constitutional standards of judgment. This may best be determined by separate examination of the following conclusions, implicit in the judgments below: (1) that these confessions were not extorted by physical coercion; (2) that these confessions were not extorted by methods which, though short of physical coercion, were so oppressive as to render the confessions inadmissible; and (3) that admitted illegal detention of petitioners at the time of the confessions did not render them inadmissible. 1. Physical violence.—Physical violence or threat of it by the custodian of a prisoner during detention serves no lawful purpose, invalidates confessions that otherwise would be convincing, and is universally condemned by the law. When present, there is no need to weigh or measure its effects on the will of the individual victim. The tendency of the innocent, as well as the guilty, to risk remote results of a false confession rather than suffer immediate pain is so strong that judges long ago found it necessary to guard against miscarriages of justice by treating any confession made concurrently with torture or threat of brutality as too untrustworthy to be received as evidence of guilt. Admitted injuries and bruises on defendants' bodies after arraignment were mute but unanswerable witnesses that their persons recently had been subjected to violence from some source. Slight evidence, even interested testimony, that it occurred during the period of detention or at the hands of the police, or failure by the prosecution to meet the charge with all reasonably available evidence, might well have tipped the scales of decision below.25 Even here, it would have force if there were any evidence whatever to connect the admitted injuries with the events or period of interrogation. But there is no such word in the record. On the contrary, we have positive testimony of the police, not materially inconsistent or inherently improbable, unshaken on cross-examination. The only expert testimony on the subject is undisputed and is that the injuries may have been sustained before arrest. This becomes more than a possibility when we consider that neither defendants nor anyone else tell us what defendants were up to in the period just prior to arrest. We are not convinced from their criminal records and way of life as now known to us, though not to the jury, that their free days or nights were secure from violence. This, with the whole evidence concerning the confessions, leaves us no basis for throwing out the decisions of the courts below, unless we simply prefer the unsworn claims of defendants' counsel against the evidence. As to the inferences to be drawn from unexplained injuries, under these circumstances, we should defer to the advantages of trial judge and jury. For seven weeks they observed the day-to-day demeanor of defendants, their attitudes and reactions; all the knowledge we have of their personalities is still photographs of two of them. The trial judge and jury also for long periods could observe the police officers whose conduct was in question, knew not only what they answered but how they answered, could form some opinions of their attitudes—of the personal characteristics which never can get into a printed record but which make for belief or unbelief that they were guilty of cruelty and violence. We determine that the state court could properly find that the confessions were not obtained by physical force or threats. 2. Psychological coercion.—Psychological coercion is claimed as a secondary contention. It is urged that admitted facts show psychological pressure by interrogation, such as to overpower these petitioners' mental resistance and induce involuntary confessions. Of course, a process of interrogation can be so prolonged and unremitting, especially when accompanied by deprivation of refreshment, rest or relief, as to accomplish extortion of an involuntary confession. But the inquiry as to such allegations has a different point of departure. Interrogation is not inherently coercive, as is physical violence. Interrogation does have social value in solving crime, as physical force does not. By their own answers many suspects clear themselves, and the information they give frequently points out another who is guilty. Indeed, interrogation of those who know something about the facts is the chief means to solution of crime. The duty to disclose knowledge of crime rests upon all citizens. It is so vital that one known to be innocent may be detained, in the absence of bail, as a material witness.26 This Court never has held that the Fourteenth Amendment prohibits a state from such detention and interrogation of a suspect as under the circumstances appears reasonable and not coercive. Of course, such inquiries have limits. But the limits are not defined merely by calling an interrogation an 'inquisition,' which adds to the problem only the emotions inherited from medieval experience. The limits in any case depend upon a weighing of the circumstances of pressure against the power of resistance of the person confessing. What would be overpowering to the weak of will or mind might be utterly ineffective against an experienced criminal. Both Stein and Cooper confessed only after about twelve hours of intermittent questioning. In each case this was stretched out over a 32-hour period, with the suspect sleeping and eating in the interim. In the case of Cooper, a substantial part of this time he spent driving a bargain with the police and the parole officers. It also is true that the questioning was by a number of officers at a time and by different officers at different times. But we cannot say that the use of successive officers to question these petitioners for the periods of time indicated is so oppressive as to overwhelm powers of resistance. While we have reversed convictions founded on confessions secured through interrogations by 'relays,'27 we have also sustained conviction when, under different circumstances, the relay technique was employed.28 But we have never gone so far as to hold that the Fourteenth Amendment requires a one-to-one ratio between interrogators and prisoners, or that extensive questioning of a prisoner automatically makes the evidence he gives in response constitutionally prohibited. The inward consciousness of having committed a murder and a robbery and of being confronted with evidence of guilt which they could neither deny nor explain seems enough to account for the confessions here. These men were not young, soft, ignorant or timid. They were not inexperienced in the ways of crime or its detection, nor were they dumb as to their rights. At the very end of his interrogation, the spectacle of Cooper naming his own terms for confession, deciding for himself with whom he would negotiate, getting what he wanted as a consideration for telling what he knew, reduces to absurdity his present claim that he was coerced into confession. Of course, these confessions were not voluntary in the sense that petitioners wanted to make them or that they were completely spontaneous, like a confession to a priest, a lawyer, or a psychiatrist. But in this sense no criminal confession is voluntary. Cooper's and Stein's confessions obviously came when they were convinced that their dance was over and the time had come to pay the fiddler. Even then, Cooper was so far in control of himself and the situation as to dicate the quid pro quo for which he would confess. That confession came at a time when he must have known that the police already knew enough, from Jeppeson and Brassett, to make his implication inevitable. Stein held out until after Cooper had confessed and implicated him.29 Both confessions were 'voluntary,' in the only sense in which confessions to the police by one under arrest and suspicion ever are. The state court could properly find an absence of psychological coercion. 3. Illegal detention.—Illegal detention alone is said to void these confessions. All three of the prisoners were held incommunicado at the barracks until the evening of June 8, when they were taken before a nearby magistrate and arraigned. This delay in arraignment was held by the trial judge to be unreasonable as a matter of law and a violation of the statutes of the State of New York.30 However, such delay does not make a confession secured during such period of illegal detention necessarily inadmissible as a matter of New York law.31 To delay arraignment, meanwhile holding the suspect incommunicado, facilitates and usually accompanies use of 'third-degree' methods. Therefore, we regard such occurrences as relevant circumstantial evidence in the inquiry as to physical or psychological coercion. As such, it was received and the jury was instructed to consider it in this case. But the petitioners' contention here goes farther—it is that the delayed arraignment compelled the rejection of the confessions. Petitioners confuse the more rigid rule of exclusion which, in the exercise of our supervisory power,32 we have promulgated for federal courts with the more limited requirements of the Fourteenth Amendment.33 This, we have held, did not impose rules of evidence on state courts which bind them to exclude a confession because, without coercion, it was obtained while a prisoner was uncounseled and illegally detained. Stroble v. State of California, 343 U.S. 181, 197, 72 S.Ct. 599, 607, 96 L.Ed. 872; Lisenba v. People of State of California, 314 U.S. 219, 62 S.Ct. 280, 86 L.Ed. 166. From the foregoing considerations, we conclude that if the jury resolved that the confessions were admissible as a basis for conviction it was not constitutional error. V. If the Jury Rejected the Confessions, Could It Constitutionally Base a Conviction on Other Sufficient Evidence? Petitioners raised this question by a request for instruction to the jury that if it found the confessions to have been coerced it must return a verdict of acquittal. This was refused. Their principal authority for the requested charge is Malinski v. People of State of New York, 324 U.S. 401, 65 S.Ct. 781, 89 L.Ed. 1029, which was tried by the same procedure followed here. This Court reversed the conviction and the opinion of four justices said of the confession found therein to have been coerced, 324 U.S. at page 404, 65 S.Ct. at page 783: 'And if it is introduced at the trial, the judgment of conviction will be set aside even though the evidence apart from the confession might have been sufficient to sustain the jury's verdict.' Similar expressions are to be found in other cases. It is hard to see why a jury should be allowed to return a verdict which cannot be allowed to stand. If having heard an illegally obtained confession prevents a legal verdict of guilty on other sufficient evidence, why permit return of one foredoomed to be illegal? The alternative, of course, is an acquittal, which is what petitioners asked. The claim is far-reaching. There can be no jury trial of the coercion issue without bringing to the knowledge of the jurors the fact of confession and usually its contents. But American practice has evolved no technique for learning, through special verdict or otherwise, what part the knowledge plays in the result. Hence the dilemma of this case is always present, if not presented in earlier cases. If this uncertainty invalidates any conviction or requires an acquittal, it is a grave matter, for most states, like New York, permit no prosecution after acquittal.34 This would go far toward making it impracticable to submit the issue of coercion to the jury, a traditional practice assumed on the whole to be of advantage to the defense and an additional protection to the accused. The claim also is novel. This Court never has decided that reception of a confession into evidence, even if we held it to be coerced, requires an acquittal or discharge of a defendant. On the contrary, this Court has returned all such cases for retrial, which we should not have done if obtaining and attempted use of a coerced confession were enough to require acquittal. It is not deniable that apart from the Malinski statement there have been other similar utterances. Lyons v. State of Oklahoma, 322 U.S. 596, 597 (footnote) 64 S.Ct. 1208, 1210, 88 L.Ed. 1481; Stroble v. State of California, 343 U.S. 181, 190, 72 S.Ct. 599, 603, 96 L.Ed. 872; Gallegos v. State of Nebraska, 342 U.S. 55, 63, 72 S.Ct. 141, 146, 96 L.Ed. 86. It is clear, however, that these statements were dicta about a proposition not essential to the result, since in each instance those confessions were sustained and the convictions affirmed. And, of course, the present consequences were not asserted or argued at the bar nor anticipated or approved by anything appearing in the opinions. Except in Malinski, the question presented here could not have been raised or decided. This Court's power to reverse such a conviction was first exerted in Brown v. State of Mississippi, 297 U.S. 278, 56 S.Ct. 461, 80 L.Ed. 682, in which the only evidence in the trial consisted of a confession admittedly secured through mob violence. The Court there reasoned that if the defendant's 'trial' consisted solely of the introduction of such evidence, he had only a 'mere pretense' of a trial; the actual trial had occurred during the extortion of the confession, and the subsequent proceeding was only a formal ratification of the mob's action. Such a proceeding would be a violation of the Due Process Clause under even the most restricted view. In Ashcraft v. State of Tennessee, 322 U.S. 143, 145, 64 S.Ct. 921, 922, 88 L.Ed. 1192, and Ward v. State of Texas, 316 U.S. 547, 62 S.Ct. 1139, 86 L.Ed. 1663, we noted that without the confession there could be no conviction. And in Lyons, there was no credible evidence of guilt in the record except the confession; in the Gallegos case, it is noted that conviction without the confession 'would logically have been impossible' 342 U.S. at page 60, 72 S.Ct. at page 145, and this Court therefore assumed that the jury found the statements voluntary. Against this factual background, we do not think our cases establish that to submit a confession to a state jury for judgment of the coercion issue automatically disqualifies it from finding a conviction on other sufficient evidence, if it rejects the confession.35 Here the evidence of guilt, consisting of direct testimony of the surviving victim, Waterbury, and the well-corroborated accomplice, Dorfman, as well as incriminating circumstances unexplained, is enough apart from the confessions so that it could not be held constitutionally or legally insufficient to warrant the jury verdict. Indeed, if the confession had been omitted and the convictions rested on the other evidence alone, we would find no grounds to review, not to mention to reverse it. We would have a different question if the procedure had been that which may have been in mind when some of our cases were written. Of course, where the judge makes a final determination that a confession is admissible and sends it to the jury as a part of the evidence to be considered on the issue of guilt and the ruling admitting the confession is found on review to be erroneous, the conviction, at least normally, should fall with the confession. But here the confessions are put before the jury only tentatively, subject to its judgment as to voluntariness and with binding instructions that they be rejected and ignored unless found beyond reasonable doubt to have been voluntary. By petitioners' hypothesis on this point, the jury itself rejected the confession. The ample other evidence makes this a possible, if not very convincing, explanation of the verdict. By the very assumption, however, there has been no error, for the confession finally was rejected as the free choice of the jury. We could hold that such provisional and contingent presentation of the confessions precludes a verdict on the other sufficient evidence after they are rejected only if we deemed the Fourteenth Amendment to enact a rigid exclusionary rule of evidence rather than a guarantee against conviction on inherently untrustworthy evidence. We have refused to hold it to enact an exclusionary rule in the case of other illegally obtained evidence. Wolf v. People of State of Colorado, 338 U.S. 25, 69 S.Ct. 1359, 93 L.Ed. 1782; Schwartz v. State of Texas, 344 U.S. 199, 73 S.Ct. 232; Snyder v. Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 291 U.S. 97, 54 S.Ct. 330, 78 L.Ed. 674. See Adamson v. People of State of California, 332 U.S. 46, 67 S.Ct. 1672, 91 L.Ed. 1903; United States v. Carignan, 342 U.S. 36, 72 S.Ct. 97, 96 L.Ed. 48. Coerced confessions are not more stained with illegality than other evidence obtained in violation of law. But reliance on a coerced confession vitiates a conviction because such a confession combines the persuasiveness of apparent conclusiveness with what judicial experience shows to be illusory and deceptive evidence. A beaten confession is a false foundation for any conviction, while evidence obtained by illegal search and seizure, wire-tapping, or larceny may be and often is of the utmost verity. Such police lawlessness therefore may not void state convictions while forced confessions will do so. We find no error in refusing the instruction asked in this case. But this does not exhaust petitioners' arsenal of objections. They argue that even if the jury were permitted to find the verdict, a reviewing court must set it aside. They say that affirmance without opinion may mean that, while the Court of Appeals thought the treatment of the confessions erroneous, it may have affirmed on the basis that, in view of other sufficient evidence, the error was harmless. The New York statute,36 like the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure,37 Commands reviewing courts to disregard errors and irregularities which do not affect substantial rights. That such a general legislative mandate is constitutional is not in question. If the general rule is not prohibited, the question in each case becomes one as to the propriety of its application to the evidence. In a trial such as this, lasting seven weeks, where objections by three defense counsel required in excess of three hundred rulings by the trial court without the long deliberation and debate possible for appellate court consideration, it would be a miracle if there were not some questions on which an appellate court would rule otherwise than did the trial judge. The harmless-error statutes have been adopted to give discretion to overlook errors which cannot be seen to do injustice. But, whatever may have been the grounds of the Court of Appeals, we base our decision, not upon grounds that error has been harmless, but upon the ground that we find no constitutional error. We have pointed out that it was not error if the jury admitted and relied on the confession and was not error if they rejected it and convicted on other evidence. To say that although there was no error in the trial an appellate court must reverse would require justification by more authority than we are able to discover. VI. Wissner's Case. Wissner's case is somewhat different and its disposition involves other considerations. Wissner never confessed, but he was implicated by those who did. His objections raise questions of admissibility of the confessions to which he was not a party. However, we find as regards Wissner no constitutional error such as would justify our setting aside his conviction. Our holding that it was permissible for the state courts to find that the confessions were voluntary takes away the support for Wissner's position here. But, even if the confessions were considered to have been involuntary, their use would not have violated any federal right of Wissner's. Malinski v. People of State of New York, 324 U.S. 401, 410—412, 65 S.Ct. 781, 786—787, 89 L.Ed. 1029. This Court there refused to reverse the conviction of Rudish, a codefendant of Malinski who had been named in the latter's confession. It is true that Rudish's name was there deleted and an 'X' substituted in its place before the jury got the confession. Use of this device does not appear to have been controlling in the Court's decision and Mr. Justice Rutledge, dissenting, pointed out what no one questioned, that 'The devices were so obvious as perhaps to emphasize the identity of those they purported to conceal.' 324 U.S. at page 430, 65 S.Ct. at page 795. On remand, the New York Court of Appeals on its own initiative ordered a new trial for Rudish as well as Malinski. People v. Rudish, 294 N.Y. 500, 63 N.E.2d 77. Surely in the light of the other testimony such a deletion from the confessions here would not have diverted their incriminating statements from Wissner to an anonymous nobody. Wissner, however, contends that his federal rights were infringed because he was unable to cross-examine accusing witnesses, i.e., the confessors. He contends that the 'privilege of confrontation' is secured by the Fourteenth Amendment, relying on one sentence in Snyder v. Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 291 U.S. 97, 107, 54 S.Ct. 330, 332, 78 L.Ed. 674.38 However, the words cited were quoted verbatim from Dowdell v. United States, 221 U.S. 325, 330, 31 S.Ct. 590, 592, 55 L.Ed. 753, in which the language was used to describe the purpose of the Sixth Amendment provision on confrontation in federal cases. It was transposed to Snyder solely to point out the distinction between a right of confrontation and a mere right of an accused to be present as his own trial.39 The Court in Snyder specifically refrained from holding that there was any right of confrontation under the Fourteenth Amendment,40 and clearly held to the contrary in West v. State of Louisiana, 194 U.S. 258, 24 S.Ct. 650, 48 L.Ed. 965, in which it was decided that the Federal Constitution did not preclude Louisiana from using affidavits on a criminal trial. Basically, Wissner's objection to the introduction of these confessions is that as to him they are hearsay. The hearsay-evidence rule, with all its subtleties, anomalies and ramifications, will not be read into the Fourteenth Amendment. Cf. West v. State of Louisiana, supra. Perhaps the methods adopted by the New York courts to protect Wissner against any disadvantage from the State's use of the Cooper and Stein confessions were not the most effective conceivable. But 'Its procedure does not run foul of the Fourteenth Amendment because another method may seem to our thinking to be fairer or wiser or to give a surer promise of protection to the prisoner at the bar.' Snyder v. Commonwealth of Massachusetts, supra, 291 U.S. at page 105, 54 S.Ct. at page 332. Third-degree violence has been too often denounced by courts for anything useful to come out of mere repetition of invectives. It is a crime under state law and, in some circumstances, under federal law. Screws v. United States, 325 U.S. 91, 65 S.Ct 1031, 89 L.Ed. 1495; Koehler v. United States, 5 Cir., 189 F.2d 711; Id., 342 U.S. 852, 72 S.Ct. 75, 96 L.Ed. 643. When the penalty is death, we, like state court judges, are tempted to strain the evidence and even, in close cases, the law in order to give a doubtfully condemned man another chance. But we cannot see the slightest justification for reading the Fourteenth Amendment to deny the State of New York the power to hold these defendants guilty on the record before us.41 We are not willing to discredit constitutional doctrines for protection of the innocent by making of them mere technical loopholes for the escape of the guilty. The petitioners have had fair trial and fair review. The people of the State are also entitled to due process of law. Mr. Justice BLACK, dissenting. I concur in Mr. Justice DOUGLAS' opinion. More constitutional safeguards go here—one, the right of a person to be free from arbitrary seizure, secret confinement and police bludgeoning to make him testify against himself in absence of relative, friend or counsel; another, the right of an accused to confront and cross-examine witnesses who swear he is guilty of crime. Tyrannies have always subjected life and liberty to such secret inquisitorial and oppressive practices. But in many cases, beginning at least as early as Chambers v. State of Florida, 309 U.S. 227, 60 S.Ct. 472, 84 L.Ed. 716, this Court set aside state convictions as violative of due process when based on confessions extracted by state police while suspects were held incommunicado. That line of cases is greatly weakened if not repudiated by today's sanction of the arbitrary seizure and secret questioning of the defendants here. State police wishing to seize and hold people incommunicado are now given a green light. Moreover, the Court actually holds (unnecessarily, I think) that states are free to deny defendants an opportunity to confront and cross-examine witnesses who testify against them, even in death cases. This also runs counter to what we have said due process guarantees an accused. In re Oliver, 333 U.S. 257, 273, 68 S.Ct. 499, 507, 92 L.Ed. 682. Lastly, today's opinion takes this opportunity to narrow the scope this Court has previously given the Fifth Amendment's guarantee that no person 'shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself.' Bram v. United States, 168 U.S. 532, 544, 18 S.Ct. 183, 187, 42 L.Ed. 568, held that this constitutional provision forbids federal officers to 'browbeat' an accused, or to 'push him into a corner, and to entrap him into fatal contradictions * * .' The Court adds the Bram case to those it repudiates today, apparently agreeing with Professor Wigmore that Mr. Justice White's opinion there represents 'the height of absurdity * .' In short, the Court's holding and opinion break down barriers that have heretofore stood in the way of secret and arbitrary governmental action directed against persons suspected of crime or political unorthodoxy. My objection to such action by any governmental agent or agency has been set out in many opinions. See for illustration, Chambers v. State of Florida, supra, and Ashcraft v. State of Tennessee, 322 U.S. 143, 64 S.Ct. 921, 88 L.Ed. 1192; Id., 327 U.S. 274, 66 S.Ct. 544, 90 L.Ed. 667 (alleged confessions extracted without violence while suspects held incommunicado at the mercy of police officers); In re Oliver, 333 U.S. 257, 68 S.Ct. 499, 92 L.Ed. 682 (secret conviction based on incommunicado questioning by three judges where the accused had neither relative, friend or counsel present); Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrath, 341 U.S. 123, 142, 71 S.Ct. 624, 633, 95 L.Ed. 817 (Attorney General's public condemnation of groups as treasonable and subversive based on secret information without notice or hearing); dissenting opinions, Gallegos v. State of Nebraska, 342 U.S. 55, 73, 72 S.Ct. 141, 151, 96 L.Ed. 86 (arbitrary arrest, secret imprisonment and systematic questioning to obtain an alleged confession); Carlson v. Landon, 342 U.S. 524, 547, 72 S.Ct. 525, 537, 96 L.Ed. 547 (Attorney General's denial of bail based on secret charges by secret informers without affording accused a hearing); Ludecke v. Watkins, 335 U.S. 160, 173, 68 S.Ct. 1429, 1435, 92 L.Ed. 881 (Attorney General's judicially unreviewable banishment of an alien based on secret undisclosed information and without a hearing); Shaughnessy v. United States ex rel. Mezei, 345 U.S. 206, 216, 73 S.Ct. 625, 631 (Attorney General's judicially unreviewable imprisonment and denial of bail to an alien based on secret undisclosed information and without a hearing). I join Mr. Justice FRANKFURTER and Mr. Justice DOUGLAS in protesting the Court's action in these cases. Mr. Justice FRANKFURTER, dissenting. 1. Of course the Fourteenth Amendment is not to be applied so as to turn this Court into a tribunal for revision of criminal convictions in the State courts. I have on more than one occasion expressed my strong belief that the requirements of due process do not hamper the States, beyond the narrow limits of imposing upon them standards of decency deeply felt and widely recognized in Anglo-American jurisdictions, either in penalizing conduct or in defining procedures appropriate for securing obedience to penal laws. Nor is this substantial autonomy of the States to be curtailed in capital cases. 2. It is common ground that the third degree—the colloquial term for subjecting an accused to police pressures in order to extract confessions—may reach a point where confessions, although not resulting from the application of physical force, are as a matter of human experience equally the results of coercion in any fair meaning of that term and therefore not 'voluntary' in any relevant sense. Differences of view inevitably arise among judges in deciding when that point has been reached. Such differences are reflected in a long series of cases in this Court. An important factor, no doubt, influencing the different conclusions is the varying intensity of feeling on the part of different judges that coercive police methods not only may bring into question the trustworthiness of a confession but tend to brutalize habits of feeling and action on the part of the police, thereby adversely affecting the moral tone of the community. Of course, the most serious deference is to be accorded the conclusion reached by a State court that a confession was not coerced. See my concurring opinions in Malinski v. People of State of New York, 324 U.S. 401, 412, 65 S.Ct. 781, 786, 89 L.Ed. 1029; Haley v. State of Ohio, 332 U.S. 596, 601, 68 S.Ct. 302, 304, 92 L.Ed. 224. But the duty of deference cannot be allowed imperceptibly to slide into an abdication by this Court of its obligation to ascertain whether, under the circumstances of a particular case, a confession represents not the candor of a guilty conscience, the need of an accused to unburden himself, but the means of release from the tightening of the psychological police screws. This issue must be decided without regard to the confirmation of details in the confession by reliable other evidence. The determination must not be influenced by an irrelevant feeling of certitude that the accused is guilty of the crime to which he confessed. Above all, it must not be influenced by knowledge, however it may have revealed itself, that the accused is a bad man with a long criminal record. All this, not out of tenderness for the accused but because we have reached a certain stage of civilization. In the light of these considerations, I am compelled to conclude that the confessions here were the product of coercive police pressure. I cannot believe that these confessions, in view of the circumstances under which they were elicited, would be admitted in a criminal trial in England, or in the courts of Canada, Australia or India. I regret that the Court reaches another conclusion on the record, though I respect a conscientious interpretation of the record differing from mine. 3. But the Court goes beyond a mere evaluation of the facts of this record. It makes a needlessly broad ruling of law which overturns what I had assumed was a settled principle of constitutional law. It does so sua sponte. The question was not raised and not argued and has emerged for the first time in the Court's opinion. Unless I am mistaken about the reach of the Court's opinion, and I profoundly hope that I am, the Court now holds that a criminal conviction sustained by the highest court of a State, and more especially one involving a sentence of death, is not to be reversed for a new trial, even though there entered into the conviction a coerced confession which in and of itself disregards the prohibition of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Court now holds that it is not enough for a defendant to establish in this Court that he was deprived of a protection which the Constitution of the United States affords him; he must also prove that if the evidence unconstitutionally admitted were excised there would not be enough left to authorize the jury to find guilt. An impressive body of opinion, never questioned by any decision or expression of this Court, has established a contrary principle. And this not only with reference to the admissibility of coerced confessions; the principle has governed other aspects of disregard of the requirements of the Fourteenth Amendment in State trials. I refer inter alia to cases of discrimination in the selection of personnel of a grand jury which found an indictment. We have reversed in such cases even though there was no error in the conduct of the trial itself. 4. It is painful to be compelled to say that the Court is taking a retrogressive step in the administration of criminal justice. I can only hope that it is a temporary, perhaps an ad hoc, deviation from a long course of decisions. By its change of direction the Court affords new inducement to police and prosecutors to employ the third degree, whose use the Wickersham Commission found 'widespread' more than thirty years ago and which it unsparingly condemned as 'conduct * * violative of the fundamental principles of constitutional liberty.' IV Reports, National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement, 1, 4, 6 (1931).* The Wickersham Commission deemed it its duty 'to lay the facts—the naked, ugly facts—of the existing abuses before the public,' id., at 6, in the hope of arousing public awareness, and thereby public condemnation, of such abuses. It surely is not self-deluding or boastful to believe that the series of cases in which this Court reversed convictions because of such abuses helped to educate public opinion and to arouse in prosecutors and police not only a wholesome fear but also a more conscientious feeling against resort to these lazy, brutal methods. In addressing himself to law enforcement officials, Director J. Edgar Hoover of the Federal Bureau of Investigation has made these observations: 'One of the quickest ways for any law enforcement officer to bring public disrepute upon himself, his organization and the entire profession is to be found guilty of a violation of civil rights. * * * Civil rights violations are all the more regrettable because they are so unnecessary. Professional standards in law enforcement provide for fighting crime with intelligence rather than force.' (FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, September, 1952, p. 1.) But if law officers learn that from now on they can coerce confessions without risk, since trial judges may admit such confessions provided only that, perhaps through the very process of extorting them, other evidence has been procured on which a conviction can be sustained, police in the future even more so than in the past will take the easy but ugly path of the third degree. I do not remotely suggest that any such result is contemplated by the Court. But it will not be the first time that results neither desired nor foreseen by an opinion have followed. 5. The matters which I have thus briefly stated cut so deep as to call for full exposition. Since promptness in the disposition of criminal cases is one of the most important factors for a civilized system of criminal justice, I must content myself now with this summary of my views without their elaboration. Mr. Justice DOUGLAS, with whom Mr. Justice BLACK concurs, dissenting. If the opinion of the Court means what it says, we are entering upon a new regime of constitutional law that should give every citizen pause. Heretofore constitutional rights have had greater dignity than rules of evidence. They have constituted guarantees that are inviolable. They have been a bulwark against overzealous investigators, inhuman police, and unscrupulous prosecutors. They have placed a prohibition on practices which history showed were infamous. An officer who indulged in the prohibited practices was acting lawlessly; and he could not in any way employ the products of his lawless activities against the citizen whose constitutional rights were infringed. But now it is said that if prejudice is not shown, if there was enough evidence to convict regardless of the invasion of the citizen's constitutional right, the judgment of conviction must stand and the defendant sent to his death. In taking that course the Court chooses a short-cut which does violence to our constitutional scheme. The denial of a right guaranteed to a defendant by the Constitution has never been treated by this Court as a matter of mere error in the proceedings below which, if not affecting substantial rights, might be disregarded. Powell v. State of Alabama, 287 U.S. 45, 53 S.Ct. 55, 77 L.Ed. 158, established the rule that due process requires, in certain cases at least, that the state court appoint counsel to represent an indigent defendant. And the right to counsel includes the right to have counsel appointed in time to allow adequate preparation of the case. Neither in the Powell case nor in any of those which followed it has the weight of the evidence against the defendant been deemed relevant to the issue of the validity of the conviction. See Smith v. O'Grady, 312 U.S. 329, 61 S.Ct. 572, 85 L.Ed. 859; Williams v. Kaiser, 323 U.S. 471, 65 S.Ct. 363, 89 L.Ed. 398; Tomkins v. State of Missouri, 323 U.S. 485, 65 S.Ct. 370, 89 L.Ed. 407; De Meerleer v. People of State of Michigan, 329 U.S. 663, 67 S.Ct. 596, 91 L.Ed. 584. In Hawk v. Olson, 326 U.S. 271, at page 278, 66 S.Ct. 116, at page 120, 90 L.Ed. 61, we said: 'Continuance may or may not have been useful to the accused but the importance of the assistance of counsel in a serious criminal charge after arraignment is too large to permit speculation on its effect. * * * 'Petitioner states a good cause of action when he alleges facts which support his contention that through denial of asserted constitutional rights he has not had the kind of trial in a state court which the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment requires.' A similar rule prevails where the prosecution has made knowing use of perjured testimony to convict an accused. Money v. Holohan, 294 U.S. 103, 112, 55 S.Ct. 340, 341, 79 L.Ed. 791; Hysler v. State of Florida, 315 U.S. 411, 316 U.S. 642, 62 S.Ct. 688, 86 L.Ed. 932; Pyle v. State of Kansas, 317 U.S. 213, 63 S.Ct. 117, 87 L.Ed. 214. It has never been thought necessary to attempt to weed the perjured testimony from the nonperjured for the purpose of determining the degree of prejudice which resulted. In In re Oliver, 333 U.S. 257, 68 S.Ct. 499, 92 L.Ed. 682, we reversed a conviction for contempt based on a secret trial in which the defendant was denied reasonable notice of the charge against him, the opportunity to prepare a defense, the right to testify on his own behalf, the right to confront the witnesses against him and the right to be represented by counsel. No one, I suppose, would argue that such a conviction should be sustained merely because the record indicated quite conclusively that the defendant was guilty. In Moore v. Dempsey, 261 U.S. 86, 43 S.Ct. 265, 67 L.Ed. 543, the Court dealt with a claim that the defendants had been convicted in a trial dominated by a mob. The defendants were charged with the murder of one Lee. They professed their innocence before the Court. Mr. Justice Holmes disposed of the assertion with these words: 'The petitioners say that Lee must have been killed by other whites, but that we leave on one side as what we have to deal with is not the petitioners' innocence or guilt but solely the question whether their constitutional rights have been preserved.' Another illustration is the practice of discriminating against Negroes in the selection of juries. In none of the cases from Neal v. State of Delaware, 103 U.S. 370, 26 L.Ed. 567, and Carter v. State of Texas, 177 U.S. 442, 443, 20 S.Ct. 687, 688, 44 L.Ed. 839, down to Avery v. State of Georgia, 345 U.S. 559, 73 S.Ct. 891, 892, has the lack of a showing of actual prejudice precluded reversal. We indeed said in the Avery case that if the jury commissioners failed in their duty to use a nondiscriminatory method of selecting a jury, the 'conviction must be reversed—no matter how strong the evidence of petitioner's guilt.' The reason is plain. The Constitution gives Negroes the right to be tried by juries drawn from the entire community, not hand-picked from the white people alone. Must a Negro now show that he suffered actual prejudice because none of his race served on the jury? The requirement of counsel, the right of the accused to be confronted with the witnesses against him, his right to be given notice of the charge, his right to a fair and impartial tribunal, his right to a jury drawn from a fair cross-section of the community—none of these guarantees given by the Constitution is more precise than the prohibition against coerced confessions. The rule now announced is, indeed, contrary to our prior decisions dealing with the effect of a coerced confession on a judgment of conviction. See Malinski v. People of State of New York, 324 U.S. 401, 404, 65 S.Ct. 781, 783, 89 L.Ed. 1029; Stroble v. State of California, 343 U.S. 181, 190, 72 S.Ct. 599, 603, 96 L.Ed. 872; Lyons v. State of Oklahoma, 322 U.S. 596, 597, 64 S.Ct. 1208, 1210, 88 L.Ed. 1481; Haley v. State of Ohio, 332 U.S. 596, 599, 68 S.Ct. 302, 303, 92 L.Ed. 224; and Gallegos v. State of Nebraska, 342 U.S. 55, 63, 72 S.Ct. 141, 146, 96 L.Ed. 86. The Court's characterization of these rulings as dicta is not correct. In the Malinski case a conviction was reversed even though other evidence might have supported the verdict. In the Lyons case (where the second confession was drawn in question) we noted, 322 U.S. at page 598, 64 S.Ct. at page 1210, that a third confession was introduced without objection. Yet in spite of that fact we devoted a whole opinion to an analysis of whether the second confession was voluntary. In the Stroble case the California Supreme Court had held that the use of a challenged confession had not deprived petitioner of due process, since it did not appear that the outcome of the trial would have been different if the confession had been excluded. 343 U.S. at page 189, 72 S.Ct. at page 603. We disapproved that view and proceeded on the authority of our decisions in the Malinski and Lyons cases to examine the facts surrounding the confession to see if it was voluntary. Id., 343 U.S. at pages 190—191, 72 S.Ct. at pages 603—604. In each of those three cases we dealt with the merits of the claims that the confessions were coerced—a wholly unnecessary task had the rule as stated in the Malinski case not been controlling. And with respect to the Malinski case, it should be noted that, despite a dissent by four Justices, no one took exception to the rule that the use of a coerced confession violates due process. Perhaps the decision in the instant cases is premised on the view that Due Process prohibits the use of coerced confessions merely because of their inherent untrustworthiness. If so, that too is a radical departure from the rationale of our prior decisions. In Lisenba v. People of State of California, 314 U.S. 219, 236, 62 S.Ct. 280, 290, 86 L.Ed. 166, Mr. Justice Roberts, speaking for the Court concerning the inadmissibility of coerced confessions, said: 'The aim of the requirement of due process is not to exclude presumptively false evidence, but to prevent fundamental unfairness in the use of evidence whether true or false.' As Mr. Justice FRANKFURTER states in his dissenting opinion that rule is the product of a civilization which by respecting the dignity even of the least worthy citizen raises the stature of all of us and builds an atmosphere of trust and confidence in government. The practice now sanctioned is a plain violation of the command of the Fifth Amendment, made applicable to the States by the Fourteenth, see Brown v. State of Mississippi, 297 U.S. 278, 286, 56 S.Ct. 461, 465, 80 L.Ed. 682; Chambers v. State of Florida, 309 U.S. 227, 238, 60 S.Ct. 472, 477, 84 L.Ed. 716, that no man can be compelled to testify against himself* That should be the guide to our decisions until and unless the Fifth Amendment is itself amended to incorporate the rule the Court today announces. A homicide committed by a person engaged in the commission of a felony. It is first-degree murder and carries a mandatory death sentence unless the jury recommends life imprisonment. New York Penal Law, §§ 1044(2), 1045, 1045—a, McK.Consol.Laws, c. 88. No such recommendation was made here. People v. Cooper, 303 N.Y. 856, 104 N.E.2d 917. 344 U.S. 815, 73 S.Ct. 51. The defense argued that Waterbury's recollection was inaccurate and that he had only 25% vision in one eye. The defense says that this constitutes a coerced confession—Stein having made the statement in police custody. It was not a confession of guilt but an admission of a specific fact. Although New York may impose the same requirements for admissibility on an admission as it does on a confession, see People v. Reilly, 181 App.Div. 522, 528, 169 N.Y.S. 119, 123, affirmed, 224 N.Y. 90, 120 N.E. 113, such utterances are not usually subject to the same restrictions on admissibility as are confessions. See Wigmore on Evidence (3d ed.) § 821(3). In the face of the weight of authority to the contrary, it cannot be said that any such requirement is imposed by the Fourteenth Amendment. Even if this admission were subject to the same reliability tests as confessions, there is no evidence that Stein was under any coercion thirty hours after his confession of June 7. The defense point out that: Waterbury went through the lineup two or three times before identifying Wissner; the lineup consisted of Wissner and several state troopers, each of whom was several inches taller than Wissner; two ladies who had seen a man who might have been the killer lurking in the vicinity of the Reader's Digest on April 3 also went through the lineup, and each of them identified as that man one of the state troopers in the lineup who was in Long Island on the day of the murder. The facts show that the lineup was not so constructed as to suggest Wissner as the man to be identified. N.Y.Code Crim.Proc. § 399, McK.Consol.Laws, c. 442. People v. Goldstein, 285 N.Y. 376, 34 N.E.2d 362. There is conflict between the testimony of Homishak and Dorfman, the former placing the four conspiractors on April 3 at a place different from that where Dorfman says they were. Jeppeson stated that the truck was rented in each case on a Saturday and returned on two occasions early Monday morning which contradicts Dorfman's testimony that each junket to Pleasantville had been on a Monday morning. Jeppeson was testifying from recollection, unaided by record. The defense sought, unsuccessfully, to introduce an affidavit submitted on a prior motion by Stein's counsel which, according to Stein's brief here, set forth an account which counsel received from Stein concerning police brutality. (This affidavit, though marked for identification, was not made part of the record here.) During oral argument on trial, counsel for defendants made many allusions as to violent conduct on the part of the police; and petitioner Cooper made an outburst accusing a police witness of lying, but did not become his own witness. Other than this, defendants took no action to establish their contentions. Prior to the trial, the defendants brought a proceeding in the Supreme Court of Westchester County to have the two confessions suppressed on the ground that they were illegally obtained. The prosecution denied the allegations of police misconduct which the defendants advanced in support of this motion and, in view of the conflict in the evidence, determination of the admissibility of the confessions was postponed until the trial. Dr. Vosburgh, the physician who had examined petitioners on June 9, testified that it was difficult to state exactly how long the bruises had been there; that the bruises on Cooper's body could have been as much as six days old (he had been in custody three days); and that Stein's bruises could bave been sustained prior to arrest. This evidence was hearsay, but was not objected to by the defendants. A prior decision of the Court of Appeals indicates that it will reverse whenever a coerced confession appears in evidence, regardless of the other evidence. See People v. Leyra, 302 N.Y. 353, 364, 98 N.E.2d 553, 559. However, it appears probable that the court there was applying a doctrine, not of New York law, but one which it considered to be imposed by this Court and the Fourteenth Amendment. For the New York rule does not appear to us to be free from doubt. See People v. Fisher, 249 N.Y. 419, 426, 164 N.E. 336, 338; People v. Samuels, 302 N.Y. 163, 173, 96 N.E.2d 757, 762; People v. Leyra, 304 N.Y. 468, 108 N.E.2d 673. N.Y.Const., Art. I, § 6. N.Y.Code Crim.Proc., § 395. Prior to 1881, coerced confessions were excluded under common-law doctrines of evidence. See People v. Mondon, 103 N.Y. 211, 8 N.E. 496; People v. McMahon, 15 N.Y. 384. N.Y.Code Crim.Proc., § 528. The jury were instructed as follows: 'Ladies and gentlemen, there have been received in evidence statements alleged to have been made by the defendant Calman Cooper and the defendant Harry A. Stein. It is the contention of the People that these statements are in the nature of confessions and that they were made freely and voluntarily. On the other hand, it is the contention made on behalf of the defendant Calman Cooper and on behalf of the defendant Harry A. Stein that these alleged confessions are valueless as evidence against either of them, because it is contended on behalf of each of these defendants that these statements were made because of force and intimidation and fear visited upon each of them by certain members of the state police and implied coercion because of the manner in which they were kept in custody from the time of apprehension until the alleged confessions were made. You must find beyond a reasonable doubt that these confessions, or either of them, was a voluntary one before you would have a right to consider either of them. 'I charge you that the law of this State with respect to a confession is this, that a confession made by a defendant, whether in the course of a judicial proceeding or to a private person, can be given in evidence against him unless made under the influence of fear produced by threats * * .' The judge further instructed them that if they found that the confessions were voluntary they were then to consider whether their contents, or any part of them, were true. The jury also was instructed that they should not consider a statement by one defendant as any evidence of guilt against any other defendant. These portions of the court's charge were not objected to. For the first time, the petitioners here claim that this charge set forth the requirements for voluntariness under state law, but did not set forth the requirements for voluntariness under the Fourteenth Amendment. They construe the court's charge as instructing the jury that 'implied coercion' does not make a confession involuntary. We do not agree with their construction of the charge, and the fact that no objection was made to it indicates that they did not so construe it at the time it was made. In any event, failure to object made the matter unavailable here. N.Y.Code Crim.Proc. § 465. See People v. Trybus, 219 N.Y. 18, 113 N.E. 538. As was done, without success, in Witt v. United States, 9 Cir., 196 F.2d 285. In Witt, the defendant had testified in the absence of the jury—as he could under federal procedure—as to the voluntariness of a confession. After the court had determined that it was admissible, the defendant sought to testify further on the same subject in the presence of the jury, but requested an order in advance from the court that if he did so cross-examination would be restricted to what had been said on direct. The court refused to so order, and defendant refrained from taking the stand. See also Raffel v. United States, 271 U.S. 494, 497, 46 S.Ct. 566, 567, 70 L.Ed. 1054. Petitioners' prior convictions were as follows: 1928 Waycross, Ga. Auto Theft Probation 2 years. 1930 Norfolk, Va. Auto theft Atlanta 3 years. 1934 Brooklyn, N. Y. Attemped grand ---- 3 years larceny. (suspended). 1934 Brooklyn, N. Y. Murder Sing Sing 20 years to life. 1948 U. S. Court, N.Y.C. Dyer Act Lewisburg 3 years. 1918 New York Grand Larceny ---- Sentence 1918 New York Petty Larceny ---- Sentence 1921 Bronx, N. Y. Robbery Sing Sing 10 years. 1931 New York Robbery Sing Sing 25 years. 1933 U. S. Court, N.Y.C. Perjury Lewisburg 2 years. WISSNER 1928 Brooklyn, N. Y. Attemped Reform robbery. School, Elmira, N.Y. 1934 Westchester, Co. Robbery Sing Sing 15 years. See cases cited in 3 Wigmore on Evidence (3d ed.) § 861. See Annotation in 148 A.L.R. 546. Cf. United States v. Carignan, 342 U.S. 36, 38, 72 S.Ct. 97, 98, 96 L.Ed. 48, for the rule in federal courts. The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals in Newman v. State, 148 Tex.Cr.R. 645, 651—652, 187 S.W.2d 559, 562—563, said: 'The voluntary or involuntary character of a confession is determined by a conclusion as to whether the accused at mental freedom to confess or to deny a mental freedom to confess or to deny a suspected participation in a crime and to determine which the Supreme Court of the United States will itself make an independent examination of the facts and, from that examination, reach a conclusion based upon what it finds to be the conceded and uncontroverted facts. ' * * (T)here is no escape from the conclusion that the Supreme Court of the United States has potential jurisdiction in all State cases where it is claimed by the accused that the conviction was based upon his involuntary confession. 'Such being true, the position this Court occupies in relation to such cases is both unique and difficult—unique, in that by the Constitution and the laws of this State, Const. Art. 5, sec. 5, Vernon's Ann.St.; Art. 812, C.C.P., we are the court of last resort in criminal cases. If we reach a conclusion that the confession was involuntary, such conclusion is binding upon the State and society, for under our Constitution, Art. 5, sec. 26, the State is expressly denied the right of appeal in a criminal case and is therefore barred from seeking a review of that conclusion by the Supreme Court. On the other hand, if we conclude that the confession was voluntary, such conclusion is in no sense final, binding the accused only until reviewed by the Supreme Court of the United States.' See People v. Barbato, 254 N.Y. 170, 172 N.E. 458. N.Y.Code Crim.Proc. § 618b; cf. Fed.Rules Crim.Proc., 46(b), 18 U.S.C.A. Malinski v. People of State of New York, 324 U.S. 401, 65 S.Ct. 781, 89 L.Ed. 1029; Watts v. State of Indiana, 338 U.S. 49, 69 S.Ct. 1347, 93 L.Ed. 1801; Turner v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 338 U.S. 62, 69 S.Ct. 1352, 93 L.Ed. 1810; Harris v. State of South Carolina, 338 U.S. 68, 69 S.Ct. 1354, 93 L.Ed. 1815; Ashcraft v. State of Tennessee, 322 U.S. 143, 64 S.Ct. 921, 88 L.Ed. 1192. Lisenba v. People of State of California, supra, 314 U.S. at pages 229, 239, 62 S.Ct. at pages 286, 291. An officer testified that, subsequent to his confession, 'He (Stein) said, 'That rotten —- —- —- —- Cooper, it is hard to believe he would put me in the way he did; he put me right into the * * ' (continuing)—into the seat; I was the best friend he ever had; well, if I must go, I will take him with me.' Under New York law, a defendant must be promptly taken before a magistrate, Code of Criminal Procedure § 165, and failure to do so renders the arresting officer liable to criminal prosecution. N.Y. Penal Law § 1844. Under New York law, the fact that a confession was given during a period of illegal detention is one factor to be considered in determining whether or not it was voluntary; but it does not make the confession inadmissible per se. People v. Trybus, 219 N.Y. 18, 113 N.E. 538; People v. Mummiani, 258 N.Y. 394, 180 N.E. 94. Admissibility in federal courts is governed by 'principles of the common law as they may be interpreted by the courts of the United States in the light of reason and experience.' Fed.Rules Crim.Proc., 26, 18 U.S.C.A. Compare McNabb v. United States, 318 U.S. 332, 63 S.Ct. 608, 87 L.Ed. 819, with Stroble v. State of California, 343 U.S. 181, 197, 72 S.Ct. 599, 607, 96 L.Ed. 872; Weeks v. United States, 232 U.S. 383, 34 S.Ct. 341, 58 L.Ed. 652, with Wolf v. People of State of Colorado, 338 U.S. 25, 69 S.Ct. 1359, 93 L.Ed. 1782; Nardone v. United States, 302 U.S. 379, 58 S.Ct. 275, 82 L.Ed. 314, and Weiss v. United States, 308 U.S. 321, 329, 60 S.Ct. 269, 272, 84 L.Ed. 298, with Schwartz v. State of Texas, 344 U.S. 199, 73 S.Ct. 232. See also United States v. Carignan, 342 U.S. 36, 72 S.Ct. 97, 96 L.Ed. 48. Bram v. United States, 168 U.S. 532, at page 541, 18 S.Ct. 183, at page 186, 42 L.Ed. 568, has been cited as authority, for the proposition that an inadmissible confession automatically requires reversal, because of this language: 'Having been offered as a confession, and being admissible only because of that fact, a consideration of the measure of proof which resulted from it does not arise in determining its admissibility. If found to have been illegally admitted, reversible error will result, since the prosecution cannot on the one hand, offer evidence to prove guilt, and which by the very offer is vouched for as tending to that end, and on the other hand, for the purpose of avoiding the consequence of the error caused by its wrongful admission, be heard to assert that the matter offered as a confession was not prejudicial, because it did not tend to prove guilt.' But the language, while superficially applicable to the question at hand, was addressed to no such problem in the Bram case. There the prosecution had introduced into evidence a conversation between an illegally held and uncounseled prisoner and a detective in which the prisoner stated, in reply to an allegation that one 'X' had seen the prisoner commit a crime from his vantage point at a ship's wheel, that 'he (X) could not see me from there.' The Government took the position in the Bram case that this statement, even if not voluntary, was not a confession, since its author purported to deny, not admit, guilt. The quoted language of the Court is the answer to this position. As the Court points out, the evidence was introduced on the theory that it tended to admit guilt, and only on that theory would it have been admissible. It therefore must be treated as a confession. The sentences immediately preceding the quoted language brings this out: 'It is manifest that the sole ground upon which the proof of the conversation was tendered was that it was a confession, as this was the only conceivable hypothesis upon which it could have been legally admitted to the jury. It is also clear that, in determining whether the proper foundation was laid for its admission, we are not concerned with how far the confession tended to prove guilt.' Thus, Bram merely decided that a confession otherwise erroneous could not be used merely because the defendant claimed that it did not incriminate him. This is precisely what this Court subsequently held in White v. State of Texas, 310 U.S. 530, 60 S.Ct. 1032, 84 L.Ed. 1342. In any event, the Bram case was a federal case where we exercised supervisory power rather than merely enforced the Fourteenth Amendment. It is not a rock upon which to build constitutional doctrine. According to Wigmore (3d ed., Vol. 3, pp. 240—241, n. 2), this decision represents 'the height of absurdity in misapplication of the law,' and has been discredited by subsequent cases. Fed.Rules Crim.Proc., 52(a). "It was intended to prevent the conviction of the accused upon depositions or ex parte affidavits, and particularly to preserve the right of the accused to test the recollection of the witness in the exercise of the right of cross-examination." Petitioner Wissner erroneously assumes that 'It' at the beginning of the sentence refers to the Fourteenth Amendment. Snyder involved a contention by a state convict that he was denied due process when the court prevented him from going along when the jury went to view the area where the crime was committed. Among the many bases for deciding against the defendant, the Court, through Mr. Justice Cardozo, pointed out that even if he had a federal right to confrontation (and the Court indicated he did not) his exclusion from a view would not offend it. Hence the use of the language quoted describing the nature of the right of confrontation. 'For present purposes we assume that the privilege is reinforced by the Fourteenth Amendment, though this has not been squarely held. (Citing cases, one of which is West v. State of Louisiana)', 291 U.S. at page 106, 54 S.Ct. at page 332. See Hall, Police and Laws in a Democratic Society, 28 Ind.L.J. 133, 175—176; Inbau, The Confession Dilemma in the United States Supreme Court, 43 Ill.L.Rev. 442. I do not understand that West v. State of Louisiana, 194 U.S. 258, 24 S.Ct. 650, 48 L.Ed. 965, held the contrary. It did hold 194 U.S. at pages 263—264, 24 S.Ct. at page 652, that a state could introduce depositions for the reason that the accused had 'been once confronted with the witness, and has had opportunity to cross-examine him * , and he is a nonresident and is permanently beyond the jurisdiction of the state * *.' The great weight to be attached to the findings of the Wickersham Commission is attested by the impressive experience represented by the members of that Commission. The Chairman, George W. Wickersham, was one of the most notable Attorneys General in the history of that office; Newton D. Baker, after a distinguished public career as Mayor of Cleveland and Secretary of War, became a recognized leader of our bar; William I. Grubb had a long career as one of the most esteemed judges on the federal bench; William S. Kenyon served with distinction first as a United States Senator and later as a federal judge; Monte M. Lemann contributed the balanced judgment derived from his recognized position at the bar; Frank L. Loesch, apart from his general qualifications, brought to the work of the Commission specialized competence in the administration of the criminal law; Paul J. McCormick was a United States district judge of conspicuous courage and hardheadedness; Dean Roscoe Pound's 'Criminal Justice in America' is only one bit of evidence of the authority with which he speaks in this field. From the undisputed facts it seems clear that these confessions would be condemned if the constitutional school of thought which prevailed when Haley v. State of Ohio, 332 U.S. 596, 68 S.Ct. 302, 92 L.Ed. 224; Watts v. State of Indiana, 338 U.S. 49, 69 S.Ct. 1347, 93 L.Ed. 1801; Turner v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 338 U.S. 62, 69 S.Ct. 1352, 93 L.Ed. 1810, and Harris v. State of South Carolina, 338 U.S. 68, 69 S.Ct. 1354, 93 L.Ed. 1815, were decided still was the dominant one.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11622
__label__cc	0.72323	0.27677	Category: ICO Will IEOs become the next big trend? On April 3, 2019 By mehranmuslimiblogIn Blockchain, crypto, ICOLeave a comment While it is true that ICOs are not quite yet dead, they enjoy far less hype than they did in 2017. And as interest in initial coin offerings wanes, a new player has arrived on the scene in the form of the Initial Exchange Offering (IEO). What is this beast, you may ask, and how does it work? The Fetch.AI project is an IEO that has received a lot of media attention, not least because it raised $6 million in 22 seconds. The fundraiser was held on the Binance exchange. BitTorrent also raised $7.2 million in 18 minutes via an IEO. These heady figures are bound to draw the attention of those who feel the air has almost completely leaked out of the ICO balloon. An alternative to the ICO However, the need to raise money for blockchain-related projects remains. Which is where the IEO comes in — as an alternative to both the ICO and private placement. With the latter, the project raises funds via a private investor, rather than going to the public with tokens. The downside of choosing private placement is that there needs to be a very high level of interest in the project by investors with very deep pockets, such as those who funded Telegram to the tune of $850 million. How does an IEO work? An IEO is “an agreement with an exchange on an initial placement via the exchange,” writes Maria Stankovich on Medium. It is possible to simplify this explanation even further and say it is a token sale held on an exchange, which acts as an intermediary. And that is one key difference between the IEO and the ICO. The exchange, it could be Binance or one of the others, assesses the project from a technical perspective to ensure it is legitimate, and they look at how attractive they believe the project will be to the exchange’s clients and a wider audience as well. If they are satisfied with the quality of the project, they make an announcement about the token sale on the exchange. The upside for token buyers is that unlike with an ICO, they don’t need to send funds to purchase tokens via a smart contract; they can buy them directly from their personal account on the exchange. The benefits of an IEO There is a big benefit here for the project needing to raise funds, in that an exchange has a ready-made base of potential investors. It also means that the token is listed on an exchange — something that many ICOs have struggled with, despite promises to their followers. And the investors feel a higher level of trust, because the sale is taking place via the exchange that they already have confidence in. They also don’t need to go through more KYC, exchange fiat for crypto etc etc. It’s easier for everyone. And of course the exchange benefits, or they wouldn’t do it. They potentially get a whole bunch of new customers who want to buy tokens. And these token buyers may stay to become long-term users of the exchange. At the moment, only a handful of exchanges are offering IEOs. These include Binance, EXMO, GBE, Bittrex and Huobi. The Gibraltar Blockchain Exchangeis another leader in IEOs, and has conducted seven of them so far, using its GBX Grid — Token Launch Centre tool. It is early days for IEOs, but the way forward seems promising: after all, unlike with an ICO, any proposed project will go through a more rigorous analysis before the sale begins, and that should boost investor confidence in the mechanism and the project. Is the crypto community just smoke and mirros? On February 13, 2019 February 13, 2019 By mehranmuslimiblogIn Bitcoin, Blockchain, ICOLeave a comment You’ve probably noticed that ‘community’ is a buzzword in the crypto sphere. There isn’t an ICO that doesn’t refer to building its ‘community’, which is really another way of talking about their investors, because that is what they are. But ‘community’ sounds warm, fuzzy and friendly when compared with the ‘investor’, which instead suggests neutrality, detachment and anonymity. Why crypto geeks chose ‘community’ In the traditional world of business it is very important to build loyalty among clients and customers; that’s one of the functions of great branding, but the crypto startups focused on the concept of ‘community’ at the start, in my opinion because they were operating on the fringes and therefore wanted to use a word that suggested a coming together of like-minded people, as well as a sense of equality between those who developed the crypto projects and those who basically crowdfunded them. In the early days of crypto, this rather ‘liberty, equality and fraternity’ approach served a good purpose; it strengthened belief in a new technology by making everyone feel they had skin in the game, even if an individual’s financial commitment to a new project was $100, let’s say. However, as the ICO took off and every project wanted to build followers who would buy into it, what had been a collection of believers turned into, as Michael K. Spencer writes in his article for Medium, “communities more prone to pump and dump” who were never really loyal followers. Now crypto projects need to get real Spencer’s argument is, and I agree with him, is that the so-called ‘communities’ built up by ICOs on Telegram and elsewhere are not as useful to projects as they were once thought to be. The reason for this is that the crypto world has moved on significantly since the launch of bitcoin. Crypto projects now need real clients and products with a real world use. Communities show no loyalty In short, a project’s community that has come together just for the Airdrop, or whatever freebies a project wants to hand out, is rarely loyal. These marketing tools may build numbers of followers on social media quite rapidly and make a project look as if it has broad support, but most of those people are just there for the giveaways and once they have them, they’ll be off. Spencer says, “Crypto saying that its community is its best resource, is like Facebook saying it’s valuable because it has over 2 billion users.” Building community is not where crypto projects should be focusing; they should focus more on real world applications, demonstrate utility and by doing so attract loyal clients and investors. How to hold an ICO in 2019 On December 6, 2018 December 6, 2018 By mehranmuslimiblogIn Blockchain, ICOLeave a comment Once upon a time, people holding ICOs didn’t give too much thought to regulations, because there weren’t really any to follow, but in 2018 and beyond, they need to keep rules and regulations at the front of their minds. ICOs started in 2013 with Mastercoin, swiftly followed by the Ethereum ICO promising smart contracts and the ERC20 token standard, both of which encouraged investors. Things were fine it seemed until 2016 and the DAO ICO, which raised $50 million, but then had its funds hacked. The US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) announced that DAO should have been considered a security and it wasn’t long after that that China banned ICOs, calling them illegal. However, what happened in China wasn’t followed elsewhere and ICOs continued to flourish, reaching their zenith in January 2018. However, as 2018 passed by, we saw ICOs decrease, and a more regulated environment is one of the most likely reasons for that. We also saw a shift to a different type of ICO investor. Whereas in previous years, ICOs appealed to the man or woman in the street who would take a punt on a new project, this group dropped away and the institutional investors started to take their place. Old venture capital also made way for new crypto and blockchain-related VC firms that were focused on projects using the emerging technology. One report by Autonomous Next indicates that VC funds invested $1.6 billion in blockchain projects in August 2018 alone. Meanwhile, funds raised by ICOs has been falling throughout 2018 and in Q3 the number of ICOs raising over $1 million had halved compared with the end of Q2. Where is the best place to hold an ICO? Places where there are clear guidelines for ICOs and favourable regulations are obviously the ones to choose if you’re planning a new coin offering. The two most important things to consider first are: 1. How can we safely conduct an ICO? 2. Can the project operate legally after the ICO and will licences etc be needed? Europe is one of the regions most favourable to ICOs as it isn’t rushing to impose regulations. As long as projects follow KYC and AML rules –until some other rules come along –these are the most important regulations in Europe. Switzerland is one of the more friendly environments in Europe and in February 2018, the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority, FINMA,issued a set of guidelines for ICO projects, which stated, “Each case should be decided on its individual merits.” Gibraltar is also high on the list and the UK has not really made a decision about firm ICO regulations yet, and looks at ICOs on a case by case basis. To put it in a nutshell: if you’re planning an ICO, look for a favourable jurisdiction, make sure you comply with its regulations plus KYC and AML, and if you need a special licence because you’re in the fintech space, make sure you put yourself in a good position to get one. Have ICOs reached the end of the road? In 2017, Initial Coin Offering (ICO) was probably one of the biggest buzzwords in the fintech and other blockchain-based sectors. There were ICO calendars, journalists tracked how various ICOs were doing and reported on the final amount raised, looking for the ICO that would break all ICO records. However, the negative reaction of media giants like Facebook and Google to the ICO sphere had the effect of making it more difficult for those fledgling businesses holding ICOs to market their offering, and ultimately could be said to be responsible for dampening enthusiasm for this new form of crowdfunding. Then 2018 brought with it a change in wind direction: the cryptocurrency market started to behave in a way that disappointed the small investor. Institutional investors were still apparently wary of the entire ecosystem, regulatory bodies debated how to handle it, and on top of that, the word ‘ICO’ became almost toxic thanks to the social media rulings on promoting them. Instead, people started to look for ways around it, calling them ‘token sales’ and talking about ‘digital assets’ rather than cryptocurrency. And, lets be honest, the glamour and excitement associated with ICOs in 2017 was beginning to wear a bit thin. This is not something I made up: data from Crunchbase published this summer and in the Q3 of 2018 shows that there has been a massive decline in ICO fundraising. A report from ICORATING reveals, “a total of just over $1.8 billion was raised by a total of 597 ICO projects in Q3 2018, down significantly from the over $8.3 billion that was raised in Q2 2018.” America’s SEC is also responsible for some of the problems faced by ICOs; its scrutiny has made the country a cold place for the blockchain-based startups. And America isn’t the only jurisdiction presenting barriers for the sector. ICOs aren’t dead; they’re being reborn The fact that ICOs seem to be declining in terms of the funds raised this year doesn’t mean that funding is not coming in for new blockchain businesses. Instead, what is happening is that the environment is simply changing: ICOs may no longer be the fashion, but there is an increase in crypto funds coming from venture capital sources. What we are going to see are better funding solutions in a different format. The point I really want to make is this: just because there is a decline in ICO activity, don’t take this as a sign that cryptocurrencies, tokens and blockchain technology have also had their day. This is a new market where various roles and functions are constantly evolving, and there’s nothing surprising about that as history shows us.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11624
__label__cc	0.57839	0.42161	Archives For Chesterton C.S. Lewis & the Inklings Seated at the Round Table This book belongs in the library of every fan of the Inklings and each devotee of King Arthur. The truth is that anyone interested in British literature or the Dark Ages will find much that appeals to their curiosity. King Arthur is known around the world as an archetypal hero, and he was a central fixture in the minds of the Inklings. The Inklings & King Arthur (TIKA) is impressive in every way. However, it’s 555 rich pages should not intimidate potential readers. Editor Sørina Higgins masterfully gathered diverse insights from a score of scholars, and the individual chapters can be approached in any manner the reader desires. Even if a few of the chapter titles fail to resonate with a particular reader, the solid value of the remainder far exceed the price of the work. Mere Inkling seldom offers reviews of books, despite the “libraries” of new Inkling literature published every year. The Inklings & King Arthur is the exception, for two reasons.* TIKA does not require a familiarity with its subject. The academic background of the contributors allows them to usher readers into rewarding discussions without additional research. C.S. Lewis described “the task of the modern educator [as] not to cut down jungles, but to irrigate deserts.” The writers in this volume have written so clearly that even if your knowledge of King Arthur is the Mojave, and your familiarity with the Inklings is the Sahara, you will enjoy reading this book. Truth be told, much has been written about King Arthur. Likewise, films have explored the myths, with varying degrees of faithfulness. Some make no effort at all to be faithful to the inspiring story. An extreme example would be the ludicrous storyline of the 2017 film, Transformers: The Last Knight. In striking contrast to this, the Inklings sought to penetrate the mists of time and discern the reasons Arthur’s story has inspired men and women for so many generations. In the book’s introduction, Higgins says her hope was “to fill a sizeable hole in the field of Inkling studies” (2). She surely achieved this task. She also says “the present collection endeavors to usher the field of Inklings studies into more rigorous theoretical territory” (3). This goal, the contributors have surpassed. Proceeding to some specific comments, my first would be to point out the accuracy of the volume’s title. It is an exploration of “the Inklings,” rather than simply Lewis and/or Tolkien. The fact that less well-known members of the literary group wrote the most Arthuriana means their works are particularly well represented in the current collection. This fact might discourage a potential reader who is disinterested in the lesser known authors. However, the truth is, exposure to work of these friends and influencers of the two über-Inklings helps us better understand them and the confluences that flowed together in that unique literary fellowship. Most articles consider the Inklings as group in relationship to a theme. For example, Christopher Gaertner discusses, “Shape and Direction: Human Consciousness in the Inklings’ Mythological Geographies.” The author identifies their differing viewpoints and how they influenced one another. Despite “their shared resistance to a scientific worldview” (150), Tolkien, Lewis and Owen Barfield did not share identical understandings of how the world should be perceived. Beyond the Eagle & Child One pleasant surprise is the inclusion of an essay on G.K. Chesterton (1874-1936). Chesterton’s The Everlasting Man contributed to the conversion of C.S. Lewis. In his TIKA essay “All Men Live by Tales,” J. Cameron Moore reveals how Chesterton’s poetry about Arthur is rooted in England. Arthur was important enough for Chesterton to return several times to the story of this hero who is “Mythic, Roman, and Christian (205). You can download a free copy of The Ballad of St. Barbara which includes “The Myth of Arthur” here. You can read “The Grave of Arthur” at this site. Benjamin Shogren explores the significance of the addition of two new names—Pendragon and Fisher-king” to the protagonist of C.S. Lewis’ space trilogy. Elwin Ransom “represents Arthur by . . . evoking the primary imagery associated with the role of Arthur” (399). Ransom is now imbued with a mythological aura of royal leadership and courageous chivalry. This volume overflows with richness. In “On Fairy Stories,” J.R.R. Tolkien describes the dense blend of mythologies present in the story of Arthur, using the image of a pot of soup with various ingredients added over time. It seems fairly plain that Arthur, once historical (but perhaps as such not of great importance), was also put into the Pot. There he was boiled for a long time, together with many other older figures and devices, of mythology and Faerie, and even some other stray bones of history (such as Alfred’s defence against the Danes), until he emerged as a King of Faerie. The situation is similar in the great Northern “Arthurian” court of the Shield-Kings of Denmark, the Scyldingas of ancient English tradition. King Hrothgar and his family have many manifest marks of true history, far more than Arthur; yet even in the older (English) accounts of them they are associated with many figures and events of fairy-story: they have been in the Pot. The soup or stew pot may also serve as a fitting metaphor for The Inklings & King Arthur. This exceptional volume offers a potent mix of wisdom and insights that go beyond the boundaries of its title. Readers will be rewarded, in fact, with many satisfying literary meals. * The first reason is that the academic weight of the work merits the undertaking. The second is because I have received a review copy, which obligates me in a sense, to providing a review—not a positive review, of course, but an honest assessment of its value, from my personal perspective. Honest reviewers, of course, are mandated to acknowledge the fact that they received a particular volume gratis. This is done to protect one’s integrity. At the same time, a writer’s honor is also protected by their pledge to provide an honest evaluation of each work, for good or ill. This is what you will discover here. The volume’s editor, Sørina Higgins, gathered an impressive group of Inkling scholars to contribute. She is a poet who is Chair of Language and Literature at Signum University. It would be challenging to find any flaw in this amazing volume. Its sole weakness, in this reviewer’s opinion, is that it is so detailed and thorough, that it transcends the reading skills (or perhaps, “tastes”) of some of today’s readers. Despite that, the authors have gone to significant effort to write clearly and make their extremely detailed subject matter accessible to all. In C.S. Lewis, C.S. Lewis & the Inklings, Classics Worth Revisiting, G.K. Chesterton, History, J.R.R. Tolkien, Military History, Mythology, Roman History, Theological Matters Britain, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, Chesterton, Dark Ages, Inklings, J.R.R. Tolkien, King Arthur, Middle Ages, Mythology, Prince Valiant, Signum University, Transformers Civil Atheism and C.S. Lewis Some Christians are obnoxious. Well, okay, quite a few Christians are insufferable when they persistently “witness” to those who are deaf to their appeals. But, truth be told, many atheists are becoming increasingly obnoxious in their attitudes towards Christians as well. Let’s consider which group is worse. First, some definitions. By Christians I don’t mean people who have some vague deistic notion that there is a God, and Jesus is somehow connected to this divinity because he was such a holy prophet. By Christian I mean someone who has placed their faith and trust in Jesus the Christ, the only begotten Son of God who declared he was the Way, the Truth and the Life… The Logos (Word) through whom the universe was created. By Atheist, I don’t mean people who do not share that faith, but who consider it an unprovable thesis. Most people with this viewpoint are ambivalent about whether or not others “believe.” The majority of these folks, many of whom do not feel threatened by religious conversations, are better understood as Agnostics. By Atheist I mean people who are so convinced that Christianity is fallacious that they feel they must do what they can to stamp it out. They are so emotionally engrossed in the matter that they are genuinely unable to recognize that their own belief is based on nothing other than faith itself. I can respect the fact that Atheists have historically been mistreated by “Christendom.” By my definition, this institutional entity is not synonymous with actual Christianity. In fact, it’s persecuted far more Christians of different denominational allegiances, than it has unbelievers who simply kept their mouths closed. But that’s a subject for another day. Christians do not hate agnostics, or even atheists. Their motivation for sharing the Gospel inclines them towards the opposite attitude. Certainly they do it in obedience to their Lord’s command. Most possess a genuine concern and compassion for those they consider to be lost and facing eternal separation from God. On the other hand, an increasing number of Atheists are insultingly dismissive of Christians who they consider—as a group—to be ignorant and prejudiced. An Atheist columnist acknowledged this fact, and the discomfort it causes him, in a recent essay. David Harsanyi wrote the following in “Political Idols,” an article about a broader subject. Unlike many of my fellow non-believers, I don’t feel especially enlightened or rational for my apostasy; I feel kind of unlucky, actually. The typical non-believer sees the strictures of Christianity or Judaism [the faith in which Harsanyi was raised] as a punishment—mythical limitations set to inconvenience him—but I see people who take profound comfort in a beautiful fate that awaits them as long as they treat people as they would want to be treated themselves. As a man who believes his story ends in a pile of dirt rather than celestial salvation, I have many reasons to be envious. Yet, for my entire atheistic life, I’ve been nudged to mock the believer. The unifying doctrine of atheism is a reflexive antagonism toward faith and all the ideas it has dragged along with it through the centuries. If all Atheists recognized this, and all Christians acknowledged that they are no more deserving of God’s mercy than their neighbor, oh what wonderful conversations about matters of eternal significance we could have! C.S. Lewis’ Comment about an Atheist Writer In a 1916 letter to his friend Arthur Greeves, Lewis comments on a book that Greeves had mentioned. He says the particular volume is of little value, without remarking on the author’s work in fiction, for which he as better known. What is most significant about this particular letter is Lewis’ reference to the writer’s atheism, and the allusion to his own. It must be remembered that Lewis would not experience his conversion to Christianity for another fifteen years! The book you refer to is ‘How to Form a Literary Taste’ by Arnold Benett: the edition is pretty but the book is not of any value. The very title—as if you set out to ‘learn’ literature the way you learn golf—shews that the author is not a real book-lover but only a priggish hack. I never read any of his novels & don’t want to. Have you? By the way, he is a rather violent atheist, so I suppose I shall meet him by ‘The fiery, flaming flood of Phlegethon,’ as good old Spenser has it. Before we look at Arnold Bennett (1867-1931), the author Lewis is describing, let us take a moment to consider the literary allusion Lewis includes in this passage. “The fiery, flaming flood of Phlegethon” comes from The Faerie Queene, an epic poem which was the masterpiece of Edmund Spenser (1552-1599). Various editions of the fantasy poem are available. In Spenser’s poem, the Phlegethon is a river found in Hell. The name itself means “flaming,” and it initially appears in Greek mythology as one of the Underworld’s five rivers. In The Faerie Queene, the terrible place where “the damned ghosts in torments fry.” While his agnosticism assumes there is no afterlife, he acknowledges he may be wrong. And, if so, it is precisely to this tragic, fiery end that the unbelieving Lewis delivers Bennett . . . and himself. So, who was Arnold Bennett? Bennett was a versatile writer, and found success not only as a novelist, but also in theater and journalism. He even served as the Director of Propaganda for France during WWI, even though he was English. (He had resided in France since 1903.) He was outspoken in his view that religious faith was not for the wise. Ironically, he died of typhoid after ignoring a French waiter’s counsel not to drink the “ordinary [tap] water from a carafe,” which was unsafe. In 1932, Bennett’s widow began editing and publishing his journals. In a review that year, a literary magazine noted his antagonism towards Christianity. Through it all one gets the impression of a terribly self-centered personality. Perhaps the artist is necessarily self-centered, though I cannot believe that Shakespeare was. There have been artists like Dante, like Milton, whom it would be absurd to call selfish in the usual sense of the term because, colossal as their egos were, they yet consecrated themselves and all their pride of art and pride of soul to something for which, in the final analysis, their inmost spirits cared immensely more than they cared for self or for art or for any other thing on the earth below or in the heavens above it. . . . Probably he was as great an artist as a man can be without religion, and the measure of his greatness is to be found in his straining against the limitations he so needlessly imposed upon himself. . . . He had nothing of the mystic in him. In a moment of illumination he declares that “there is no such thing as ugliness in the world,” but this is as far as he gets. Yet he holds out against Christianity as he holds out against what he thinks of as sentimentalism, and his wife was probably right in her feeling that he might have made a very good Christian if he had only been willing to let himself go. Civil Atheism It would be a good thing for us individually and as members of a pluralistic world, to treat one another with civility. As a Christian, I can confess for my brothers and sisters that we do not always do so. Let us strive to do better. And, as for those who identify themselves as Atheists, perhaps there is some room for improvement in this area as well. If more people resisted atheism’s “reflexive antagonism toward faith,” the world would definitely become a more friendly place. A final note for those who would read more about Bennett. G.K. Chesterton wrote an essay about morality and punishment, in which he responds to a proposal offered by Bennett that society should not “judge” criminals. You can read “The Mercy of Mr. Arnold Bennett” here. Since it relates to our discussion here, I must share a portion of Chesterton’s witty introduction to his essay. Mr. Arnold Bennett recently wrote one of his humorous and humane “causeries” pleading very properly for social imagination and the better understanding of our fellows. He carried it, however, to the point of affirming, as some fatalists do, that we should never judge anybody in the sense of condemning anybody, in connexion with his moral conduct. Some time ago the same distinguished writer showed that his mercy and magnanimity were indeed on a heroic scale by reviewing a book of mine, and even saying many kind things about it. But to these he added a doubt about whether true intelligence could be consistent with the acceptance of any dogma. In truth there are only two kinds of people; those who accept dogmas and know it, and those who accept dogmas and don’t know it. My only advantage over the gifted novelist lies in my belonging to the former class. I suspect that his unconsciousness of his dogmas extends to an unconsciousness of what he means by a dogma. If it means merely the popular idea of being dogmatic, it might be suggested that saying that all dogmatism is unintelligent is itself somewhat dogmatic. And something of what is true of his veto on dogma is also true of his veto on condemnation; which is really a veto on vetoes. The photograph above is of a statue of Arnold Bennett unveiled this summer in his home town of Stoke-on-Trent. In C.S. Lewis, Christianity, G.K. Chesterton, Interfaith Issues, Literature, Military Musings, Modern Life Agnosticism, Arnold Bennett, Atheism, Atheists, Belief, C.S. Lewis, Chesterton, Christianity, Civility, Communication, Dogma, England, Faith, France, Harsanyi, Poetry, Propaganda, WWI Chesterton, Tertullian and C.S. Lewis on Arguments September 27, 2017 — 18 Comments With civil discourse in such short supply today, it may be beneficial to consider some wisdom from the past about disagreeing calmly. If you’re a thoughtful person, and you interact with other rational people, it’s inevitable that you will sometimes disagree. These differences of opinion are not bad things, in and of themselves. They help us sharpen our thinking and occasionally result in someone (from either side) recognizing the errors in their opinions. There are times, however, when disagreements are not handled respectfully. In such situations, they seldom result in a positive end. In cases where quarrels arise, people don’t persuade others. They do the opposite—they motivate them to entrench themselves and hide behind mental and verbal barricades that reinforce their “errors.” You can go all the way back to the Scriptures to find the recognition that this sort of debate is destructive. Here is the counsel of the apostle Paul to his protégée Timothy, a young pastor: Remind them of these things, and charge them before God not to quarrel about words, which does no good, but only ruins the hearers. Do your best to present yourself to God as one approved, a worker who has no need to be ashamed, rightly handling the word of truth. But avoid irreverent babble, for it will lead people into more and more ungodliness, and their talk will spread like gangrene. (2 Timothy 2:14-17) In the second century, Tertullian, a brilliant North African Christian scholar, penned one of my favorite passages in all of patristic literature. I might be bringing forward this objection from a want of confidence, or from a wish to enter upon the case in dispute in a different manner from the heretics, were not a reason to be found at the outset in that our Faith owes obedience to the Apostle who forbids us to enter into questionings, or to lend our ears to novel sayings, or to associate with a heretic after one admonition—he does not say after discussion. Indeed, he forbade discussion by fixing on admonition as the reason for meeting a heretic. And he mentions this one admonition, because a heretic is not a Christian, and . . . because argumentative contests about the Scriptures profit nothing, save of course to upset the stomach or the brain. This or that heresy rejects certain of the Scriptures, and those which it receives it perverts both by additions and excisions to agree with its own teaching. For even when it receives them it does not receive them entire, and if it does in some cases receive them entire, it none the less perverts them by fabricating heterodox interpretations. A spurious interpretation injures the Truth quite as much as a tampered text. Baseless presumptions naturally refuse to acknowledge the means of their own refutation. They rely on passages which they have fraudulently rearranged or received because of their obscurity. What wilt thou effect, though thou art most skilled in the Scriptures, if what thou maintainest is rejected by the other side and what thou rejectest is maintained? Thou wilt indeed lose nothing—save thy voice in the dispute; and gain nothing—save indignation at the blasphemy. (On the Prescription of Heretics, 16-17) If you would like to read a fascinating scholarly article on this passage you can download one here. In “Accusing Philosophy of Causing Headaches: Tertullian’s Use of a Comedic Topos,” J. Albert Harrill writes: Among the most famous passages in Tertullian’s De praescriptione haereticorum (ca. 203) is what appears to be nothing more than a throwaway line. After declaring that ‘heretics’ have no right to use Christian Scripture, he writes, ‘Besides, arguments over Scripture achieve nothing but a stomachache or a headache.’ Previous scholarship has assumed the protest to epitomize Tertullian’s fideism and general anti-intellectualism. However, I argue that the line evokes a comedic stereotype within a medical topos about ‘excessive’ mental activity causing disease in the body, going back to Plato and Aristophanes. The passage is, therefore, not a throwaway line but an important part of Tertullian’s attempt to caricature his opponents with diseased superstitio (excessive care and ‘curiosity’). More Recent Variations of this Theme Those who have attempted serious, rational argument with someone who is unserious or irrational know very well what Tertullian was describing. If you are earnest and calm in your advocacy, only to have your counterpart act flippant or ignorantly obstinate, it really can make one feel nauseous. G.K. Chesterton, who was an articulate defender of Christianity during the beginning of the twentieth century, described the frustration in a predictably entertaining manner. If you argue with a madman, it is extremely probable that you will get the worst of it; for in many ways his mind moves all the quicker for not being delayed by things that go with good judgment. He is not hampered by a sense of humour or by clarity, or by the dumb certainties of experience. He is the more logical for losing certain sane affections. Indeed, the common phrase for insanity is in this respect a misleading one. The madman is not the man who has lost his reason. The madman is the man who has lost everything except his reason.” (Orthodoxy) As Chesterton suggests, the madman has retained his ability to reason, but is no longer inhibited by reason itself. I would liken it to retaining the appearance of reasoning, bereft of its essence. It parallels what we read in 2 Timothy 3. In the last days . . . people will be lovers of self, lovers of money, proud, arrogant, abusive, disobedient to their parents, ungrateful, unholy, heartless, unappeasable, slanderous, without self-control, brutal, not loving good, treacherous, reckless, swollen with conceit, lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God, having the appearance of godliness, but denying its power. Avoid such people. (Italics added.) C.S. Lewis also addresses the inability of many who are wrong to conduct rational conversations. Whenever they meet a reasoned argument, they are disarmed. Unfortunately, their lack of logic does not prevent them from charging into the disputation. They assume their passion or their appeal to subjectivity (i.e. that “everyone” is right) will win the day. Lewis grew so frustrated by the phenomenon that he coined a new word to identify it. He regrets the passing of the day when you persuade someone of their error before you could legitimately explain why your own position is correct on a given issue. The modern method is to assume without discussion that he is wrong and then distract his attention from this (the only real issue) by busily explaining how he became so silly. In the course of the last fifteen years I have found this vice so common that I have had to invent a name for it. I call it Bulverism. Some day I am going to write the biography of its imaginary inventor, Ezekiel Bulver, whose destiny was determined at the age of five when he heard his mother say to his father – who had been maintaining that two sides of a triangle were together greater than the third – `Oh you say that because you are a man.’ “At that moment,” E. Bulver assures us, “there flashed across my opening mind the great truth that refutation is no necessary part of argument. Assume that your opponent is wrong, and then explain his error, and the world will be at your feet. “Attempt to prove that he is wrong or (worse still) try to find out whether he is wrong or right, and the national dynamism of our age will thrust you to the wall.” That is how Bulver became one of the makers of the Twentieth Century. I find the fruits of his discovery almost everywhere. Thus I see my religion dismissed on the grounds that “the comfortable able parson had every reason for assuring the nineteenth century worker that poverty would be rewarded in another world.” Well, no doubt he had. On the assumption that Christianity is an error, I can see early enough that some people would still have a motive for inculcating it. I see it so easily that I can, of course, play the game the other way round, by saying that “the modern man has every reason for trying to convince himself that there are no eternal sanctions behind the morality he is rejecting.” For Bulverism is a truly democratic game in the sense that all can play it all day long, and that it gives no unfair privilege to the small and offensive minority who reason. But of course it gets us not one inch nearer to deciding whether, as a matter of fact, the Christian religion is true or false. . . . I see Bulverism at work in every political argument. Until Bulverism is crushed, reason can play no effective part in human affairs. Each side snatches it early as a weapon against the other; but between the two reason itself is discredited. (“‘Bulverism:’ Or the Foundation of Twentieth Century Thought”) So, there we have it. We may derive some comfort from the fact that irrational arguing has frequently displaced civil discourse since the dawn of human communication. As for me, I intend to avoid the Bulverites as much as possible. The last thing I need is a migraine or a serious case of indigestion. In C.S. Lewis, Christian Life, G.K. Chesterton, History, The Ancient Church C.S. Lewis, Chesterton, Civility, Communication, Debate, Discussion, Heresy, Heretics, Persuasion, Politics, Rhetoric, Tertullian, Words A Rare C.S. Lewis Book Just because you read a book doesn’t mean you need to purchase it for your library. Yet some of us do feel compelled to add almost every volume we enjoy to our personal collections. The dilemma arises when the cost of a particular book may exceed its “long-term” value to us. Faced with this question a few weeks ago, I pursued a course open to many readers of Mere Inkling. I simply borrowed the book from my local library, which in turn borrowed it via interlibrary loan from a university in a neighboring state. Most libraries offer this service without charge. I regularly use it when researching obscure subjects I don’t anticipate I will continue to follow. The subject of the particular text I am currently reading, of course, C.S. Lewis. While I believe I own a copy of every work ever written by Lewis that has been published, I doubt any human being could gather together every book written about the Oxford and Cambridge professor. The Volume in Question So, I have been spending some time during recent days reading notes and essays on Lewis that were written in a variety of periodicals and collected in 1992. Critical Thought Series 1: Critical Essays on C.S. Lewis was edited by George Watson, and published by Scolar Press. Watson also served as General Editor of the Series, compiled “in an attempt to recover the controversies that have surrounded the great critics of the modern age.” The material is of particular interest to those interested in Lewis’ work as a literary critic. In addition to general reviews, there are special sections for critiques of The Allegory of Love, A Preface to Paradise Lost, and English Literature in the Sixteenth Century. Allow me to share a small taste of CEoCSL. In the editor’s introductory article, he argues that Lewis possessed an “essential modernity, which was seldom if ever noticed in his lifetime.” An example he offers is Lewis’ “mingling of formalism and fantasy.” This facet of Lewis’ genius has a peculiar result. [Lewis] belongs to that rare breed of critics who are more original than they would wish to be. Watson also provides an intriguing view of how Lewis’ faith and literary community were perceived by those outside its influence. Early and late, critics and reviewers found [Lewis] a hard nut to crack. In his middle years, from the late 1930s till his removal to Cambridge in 1954, the critical reception of his works was admiring of his style but wary of his matter. It was vaguely understood by the late 1930s that a neo-Christian group of story-tellers and critics existed at Oxford, even that they were known as Inklings; but they formed no part of London literary life and were widely seen as a reactionary clique all to apt to a remote, rainy place celebrated for its devotion to lost causes and impossible loyalties. Lewis, though a best seller, belonged wholly to that remote world, and his sales only made matters worse. They made him look formidable. He and his friends were occasionally dismissed as new-romantics, since a label can be an easy excuse for declining discussion; and the suspected association with Chesterton was not, to avant-garde opinion, endearing. The Inklings were anti-Modernist, anti-modern, backward-looking and deliberately unfashionable. As I hinted above, this book contains a number of interesting pieces not readily accessible elsewhere. It is no hagiography, and includes essays that offer criticisms of some of Lewis’ writing. In one review of English Literature in the Sixteenth Century, American poet and literary critic Yvor Winters enumerates problems he has with Lewis’ arguments. He then wraps up his review with an analysis of the cause of the disagreements. There are many men who have re more in this field than I have, and Lewis is certainly one of them. Some of them will find errors in Lewis which have overlooked. I have found more errors in my own few publications than I have found in Lewis. It is not the errors in scholarship which trouble me, primarily, however, for those are inevitable. It is the critical mind that bothers me. . . . There is a great deal in Lewis’s book which is valuable, and I may as well confess a great deal which has added to my own education. . . . But what is the function of this kind of book? No single man is competent to write it. . . . Because it is impossible to write a flawless survey] the book is, as I have said, misleading, and so is every other book of the kind which I have ever read. And within twenty years it will doubtless be superseded by another book on the same subject, which will be better in some ways and worse in others. The first-rate monograph, or the first-rate critical essay, is never superseded; it becomes a part of literature; but the text-book is a hugger-mugger affair, no matter who writes it. Lewis undertook a thankless task, and a hopeless one. Personal Libraries You are fortunate if you have this volume in your library. But don’t let its absence rob you of the chance to read it. There are many fascinating insights to be gleaned from its pages . . . and I am certainly glad that I borrowed it. Oh, and as to Winters’ prediction that Lewis’ treatment of sixteenth century English literature would be superseded . . . thanks to the marvels of Kindle, it remains in print more than sixty years after his prognostication. The picture on this page is a drawing entitled, “Their First Quarrel.” It was obviously sketched prior to the invention of the television and cellphone. In Books, C.S. Lewis, C.S. Lewis & the Inklings, G.K. Chesterton, Literature, Reading, Writing C.S. Lewis, Chesterton, English History, Inklings, Kindle, Libraries, Literary Criticism, Literature, Oxford, Textbooks, Writing Religious Kitsch Are souvenir socks a good way of celebrating one of the move pivotal points in human history? That’s right, stockings. Socks emblazoned with one of the most famous statements of Christian faith made during the past millennium. “Hier stehe ich!” “Here I stand” (on the clear message of God’s word). This was Martin Luther’s steadfast defense where his salvation on the teaching that we are saved by God’s grace and mercy, not by our own efforts. “Ich kann nicht anders.” I can do no other, Luther continued. He invited his adversaries to correct him if they could show him in error, according to the Scriptures. We are beginning a season when many people are celebrating the 500th anniversary of the Reformation of the Church. Some of the commemorations are quite noteworthy. Others . . . less so. On the positive side, I rank near the top The Wittenberg Project, the restoration of the Old Latin School in the city where Luther preached the Gospel. Near the other extreme, I have to place the “Here I Stand” socks. While I briefly considered purchasing a pair for one of my sons, my admittedly plebian sense of fashion saved me from doing so. (If you, on the other hand, find them tasteful or suitable for an acquaintance, you’ll find a link to the footwear below.)* In his essay, “What Christmas Means to Me,” C.S. Lewis describes this sort of product. In his description of the “commercial racket” associated with the season, he writes: I condemn it on the following grounds. . . . Things are given as presents which no mortal ever bought for himself – gaudy and useless gadgets, ‘novelties’ because no one was ever fool enough to make their like before. Have we really no better use for materials and for human skill and time than to spend them on all this rubbish? I understand that one person’s “rubbish,” though, can be another’s treasure. Still, as Edward Veith writes in The State of the Arts: The problem with religious kitsch is that its cuteness and self-gratifying nature can domesticate and thereby distort Biblical faith. Christianity is not a sickly, sweet religion . . . The anemic figurines of Jesus Christ are poor testimony to His deity and His lordship. Viewing It All in (a Humorous) Perspective While surfing the net researching this peculiar item, I encountered an entertaining website where we see how the Catholic—Reformer struggle lives on today. A Roman Catholic website comments on the same sort of socks—tastefully offered in the original German. The author of The Ironic Catholic writes: With all due apologies to my Lutheran brothers and sisters: while this catapults you into a real race with the Catholics for kitsch, we will crush you like grapes in this arena. It’s all good-natured, of course. I haven’t bothered to research Catholic variations on the footings quotations front, but I imagine they are equally pithy. I did, however, find one prolific Roman Catholic author whose following statement might be just as suitable for a hat as for stockings. “It is because we are standing on our heads that Christ’s philosophy seems upside-down.” (G.K. Chesterton) * You can order your own pair of “Here I Stand” socks here. ** The Ironic Catholic post is here. In C.S. Lewis, Christianity, Great Authors, Likely Useless Trivia, Modern Life C.S. Lewis, Chesterton, Christmas, Clothing, Footwear, Kitsch, Lutheranism, Martin Luther, Reformation, Roman Catholic, Socks, Wittenberg Easter, Updike & Lewis April 6, 2015 — 20 Comments Happy Easter Monday. Even if you do not believe Jesus has risen from the dead, I sincerely hope you are experiencing a special season of hope and peace. For Christians, however, the bodily resurrection of Jesus is not an optional doctrine. The Scriptures affirm the truth that, “. . . if Christ has not been raised, then our preaching is in vain and your faith is in vain. . . . if Christ has not been raised, your faith is futile and you are still in your sins. Then those also who have fallen asleep in Christ have perished. If in Christ we have hope in this life only, we are of all people most to be pitied” (1 Corinthians 15:14-19, ESV). John Updike (1932-2009) recognized this truth and wrote an oft-quoted poem about it.* “Seven Stanzas at Easter” Make no mistake: if he rose at all It was as His body; If the cell’s dissolution did not reverse, the molecule reknit, The amino acids rekindle, The Church will fall. It was not as the flowers, Each soft spring recurrent; It was not as His Spirit in the mouths and fuddled eyes of the Eleven apostles; It was as His flesh; ours. The same hinged thumbs and toes The same valved heart That—pierced—died, withered, paused, and then regathered Out of enduring Might New strength to enclose. Let us not mock God with metaphor, Analogy, sidestepping, transcendence, Making of the event a parable, a sign painted in the faded Credulity of earlier ages: Let us walk through the door. The stone is rolled back, not papier-mache, Not a stone in a story, But the vast rock of materiality that in the slow grinding of Time will eclipse for each of us The wide light of day. And if we have an angel at the tomb, Make it a real angel, Weighty with Max Planck’s quanta, vivid with hair, opaque in The dawn light, robed in real linen Spun on a definite loom. Let us not seek to make it less monstrous, For our own convenience, our own sense of beauty, Lest, awakened in one unthinkable hour, we are embarrassed By the miracle, And crushed by remonstrance. Updike & Lewis Poetry and faith were not the only interests shared by Updike and C.S. Lewis. Both men were literary critics, as well as authors in their own right. Updike’s description of his approach to criticism echoes many of the same principles displayed by Lewis. 1. Try to understand what the author wished to do, and do not blame him for not achieving what he did not attempt. 2. Give enough direct quotation—at least one extended passage—of the book’s prose so the review’s reader can form his own impression, can get his own taste. 3. Confirm your description of the book with quotation from the book, if only phrase-long, rather than proceeding by fuzzy précis. 4. Go easy on plot summary, and do not give away the ending. 5. If the book is judged deficient, cite a successful example along the same lines, from the author’s œuvre or elsewhere. Try to understand the failure. Sure it’s his and not yours?** Updike wrote, “I read C.S. Lewis for comfort and pleasure,” praise that has been included in advertising campaigns. A fuller account of his appreciation for Lewis’ work comes in the following passage, from Conversations with John Updike. The provableness of God is a subject Updike may have mused upon during the many Sunday mornings he has spent in church. Updike is a lifelong churchgoer. He was raised a Lutheran, became a Congregationalist during his first marriage, and has recently joined the Episcopal church. “I don’t see anything else around really addressing, for me, one’s basic sense of dread and strangeness other than the Christian church,” he said. “I’ve written maybe all too much about religion here and there. But there have been times when I read a lot of theology. The year I spent in England [after graduation from Harvard] I was very nervous and frightened, standing more or less on the threshold of my adult life and career, if any. “One of the ways I assuaged my anxiety was to read a lot of G.K. Chesterton and C.S. Lewis, some Kierkegaard, and when I moved to New England, I read a lot of Karl Barth. My intensive theology reading extends from about the age of 22 to, say, 30. I get great pleasure out of reading theology.” Reading Theology Updike was correct. Contemplating holy matters can certainly be pleasurable. That is true even when we are chewing on complex subjects, difficult to digest. After all, “everyone who lives on milk is unskilled in the word of righteousness, since he is a child. But solid food is for the mature, for those who have their powers of discernment trained by constant practice to distinguish good from evil” Hebrews 5:13-14, ESV). The resurrection of Jesus may be one of these truths not simple for all to believe. I pray for those who find this a challenge. But, God forbid that any of us should reject the most significant event in human history, “Lest, awakened in one unthinkable hour, we are embarrassed by the miracle, and crushed by remonstrance.” * For the interesting story of how this poem won first place in a competition at his church, you can read his pastor’s recollections here. ** Updike’s list concludes with these words: “To these concrete five might be added a vaguer sixth, having to do with maintaining a chemical purity in the reaction between product and appraiser. Do not accept for review a book you are predisposed to dislike, or committed by friendship to like. Do not imagine yourself a caretaker of any tradition, an enforcer of any party standards, a warrior in any ideological battle, a corrections officer of any kind. Never, never . . . try to put the author ‘in his place,’ making of him a pawn in a contest with other reviewers. Review the book, not the reputation. Submit to whatever spell, weak or strong, is being cast. Better to praise and share than blame and ban. The communion between reviewer and his public is based upon the presumption of certain possible joys of reading, and all our discriminations should curve toward that end.” In C.S. Lewis, Christian Life, Christianity, Great Authors, Literature, Writing C.S. Lewis, Chesterton, Christianity, Easter, Faith, Jesus, John Updike, Literary Criticism, Literature, Miracles, Resurrection, Updike A Pair of Brilliant Writers March 17, 2014 — 16 Comments Sadly, politics are by definition nearly always polarizing. In the linguistic battleground of political warfare, we seem to more and more frequently encounter a “take no prisoners” attitude. It’s ominous. I recently read the following words which describe, quite well I think, the positions of the two main rivals in virtually all political campaigns. (And, in this sentence, I’m referring to the military definition of “campaign.”) “The whole modern world has divided itself into Conservatives and Progressives. The business of Progressives is to go on making mistakes. The business of the Conservatives is to prevent the mistakes from being corrected.” Some things never change. This cutting critique appeared nearly a century ago (in the 19 April 1924 issue of the Illustrated London News). It was penned by G.K. Chesterton, a British writer who was admired by many of his contemporaries, from a number of different perspectives. George Bernard Shaw, a Socialist, considered the conservative journalist a “man of colossal genius.” Chesterton was one of the Christian writers whose faith made a significant impression on the unbelieving C.S. Lewis. Before encountering Jesus, the atheist Lewis resented the “intrusions” of Christian references into the writings of authors he otherwise enjoyed. He describes this conundrum delightfully in Surprised by Joy. All the books were beginning to turn against me. Indeed, I must have been as blind as a bat not to have seen, long before, the ludicrous contradiction between my theory of life and my actual experiences as a reader. George MacDonald had done more to me than any other writer; of course it was a pity he had that bee in his bonnet about Christianity. He was good in spite of it. Chesterton had more sense than all the other moderns put together; bating, of course, his Christianity. Johnson was one of the few authors whom I felt I could trust utterly; curiously enough, he had the same kink. Spenser and Milton by a strange coincidence had it too. Even among ancient authors the same paradox was to be found. The most religious (Plato, Aeschylus, Virgil) were clearly those on whom I could really feed. On the other hand, those writers who did not suffer from religion and with whom in theory my sympathy ought to have been complete—Shaw and Wells and Mill and Gibbon and Voltaire—all seemed a little thin; what as boys we called “tinny.” It wasn’t that I didn’t like them. They were all (especially Gibbon) entertaining; but hardly more. There seemed to be no depth in them. They were too simple. The roughness and density of life did not appear in their books. . . . The upshot of it all could nearly be expressed in a perversion of Roland’s great line in the Chanson—Christians are wrong, but all the rest are bores. The natural step would have been to inquire a little more closely whether the Christians were, after all, wrong. And C.S. Lewis, to his eternal joy, did just that. He inquired more deeply into the faith held by the writers he so respected. This included, of course, Chesterton. Echoes of Chesterton’s masterful expressions of Christian faith recur in the work of Lewis. For example, in his essay “Membership,” Lewis writes: Equality is a quantitative term and therefore love often knows nothing of it. . . . Even in the life of the affections, much more in the body of Christ, we step outside that world which says “I am as good as you.” . . . We become, as Chesterton said, taller when we bow; we become lowlier when we instruct. Similarly, in A Preface to Paradise Lost, Lewis describes how best to savor the historical work of writers from different eras. Although the reference to Chesterton here is given in passing, I will reproduce the larger passage in light of its insight into how best to benefit from what we read. The things which separate one age from another are superficial. Just as, if we stripped the armour off a medieval knight or the lace off a Caroline courtier, we should find beneath them an anatomy identical with our own, so, it is held, if we strip off from Virgil his Roman imperialism, from Sidney his code of honour, from Lucretius his Epicurean philosophy, and from all who have it their religion, we shall find the Unchanging Human Heart, and on this we are to concentrate. I held this theory myself for many years, but I have now abandoned it. I continue, of course, to admit that if you remove from people the things that make them different, what is left must be the same, and that the Human Heart will certainly appear as Unchanging if you ignore its changes. . . . Instead of stripping the knight of his armour you can try to put his armour on yourself; instead of seeing how the courtier would look without his lace, you can try to see how you would feel with his lace; that is, with his honour, his wit, his royalism, and his gallantries out of the Grand Cyrus. I had much rather know what I should feel like if I adopted the beliefs of Lucretius than how Lucretius would have felt if he had never entertained them. The possible Lucretius in myself interests me more than the possible C.S. Lewis in Lucretius. There is in G.K. Chesterton’s Avowals and Denials a wholly admirable essay called “On Man: Heir of All the Ages.” An heir is one who inherits and “any man who is cut off from the past . . . is a man most unjustly disinherited.” . . . You must, so far as in you lies, become an Achaean chief while reading Homer, a medieval knight while reading Malory, and an eighteenth century Londoner while reading Johnson. Only thus will you be able to judge the work “in the same spirit that its author writ” and to avoid chimerical criticism. G.K. Chesterton is well worth reading, and most fans of Lewis will appreciate his prodigious work. The best thing about Chesterton, is that since he entered the presence of his Lord in 1936, nearly everything he wrote is in the public domain. His essays, poetry, apologetic works—and even the tales of his fictional detective Father Brown—are readily accessible online. For a friendly introduction to the relationship between Lewis and Chesterton, I recommend “Chesterton and Lewis, Side by Side.” In an issue devoted entirely to comparing the two pillars of Twentieth Century Christian apologetics, the St. Austin Review, we read: In 1946, ten years after Chesterton died, Lewis wrote a short article defending Chesterton against the two charges with which he is still attacked—or dismissed—by most academicians: one, that he was popular, and two, that he was dated. Of course, Lewis is attacked for the same two reasons. The entire article is available here. Those interested in one of the areas where Chesterton’s writing overlapped with that of Lewis and his good friend, J.R.R. Tolkien, will also enjoy “G.K. Chesterton: Fairy Tale Philosopher,” which is available here. In C.S. Lewis, Christian Life, G.K. Chesterton, Great Authors, Reading, Writing Apologetics, Atheism, C.S. Lewis, Chesterton, Conversion, Faith, G.K. Chesterton, George MacDonald, Gibbon, Homer, Inklings, Journalism, Milton, Plato, Politics, Shaw, Writing Mere Inkling Press	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11625
__label__wiki	0.799142	0.799142	About Mike Sivier Vox Political ~ Politics and discussion from the Heart of Wales Tag Archives: Education Secretary The summer is heating up – but are the Conservatives melting down? Posted by Mike Sivier in Benefits, Conservative Party, council tax, Disability, Economy, Education, European Union, Health, Labour Party, pensions, People, Politics, Public services, Tax, tax credits, UK, unemployment amend, andrew dilnot, association, authority, backbencher, Bank of England, BBC, benefit, conference, Conservative, contribution, David Cameron, debt, divisive, doubletalk, Education Secretary, EU, Europe, Eurosceptics, finance, financial, fireworks, Health Secretary, help to buy, Income Tax, Independent, ipsa, Jeremy Hunt, Labour, loons, Lord Howe, mad, marginal, Michael Gove, mortgage, MP, Nasty Party, National Association of Head Teachers, national insurance, NI, Olympic Games, Parliamentary, pay, public services, Queen, questionnaire, referendum, resign, responsbility, responsible, rise, Russell Hobby, Sir Mervyn King, social security, speech, standards, swivel-eyed, Tories, Tory, two-tier, uk statistics authority, union, unsustainable, water cannon, welfare Swivel-eyed loon: And Jeremy Hunt is a member of the government, not a grassroots Conservative association. The Conservative Party is eating itself from within. It is therefore an odd time for members to go into Labour marginal constituencies, trying to undermine support with a loaded questionnaire. That, however, is exactly what we have seen this weekend. But then, what did you expect from the Party of Doubletalk? The Nasty Party? The Party that sows Divisive-ness wherever it can, while mouthing platitudes like “We’re all in it together”? The Party that claims it is responsible with the nation’s finances, while threatening to run up greater debts than any of its rivals ever did? Let’s start on financial responsibility: Sir Mervyn King, who retires as Governor of the Bank of England next month, has warned that the ‘Help to Buy’ scheme for new mortgages must not be allowed to run indefinitely. The scheme has the state guaranteeing up to 15 per cent of a mortgage on homes worth up to £600,000, and is intended to run until 2017. Sir Mervyn’s fear is that the government will expose the taxpayer – that’s you and me – to billions of pounds of private mortgage debt. He said the UK must avoid what happened in the USA, where state-backed mortgage schemes had to be bailed out. This particular scheme has already run into flak from those who claimed it was a “second-home subsidy” for the very rich. The new criticism raises fears that the Conservatives are actively engineering a situation that will create more unsustainable debt – and we all know what they do to resolve that kind of problem, don’t we? They cut. Most particularly, they cut parts of the public services that help anyone who doesn’t earn at least £100,000 per year. And no – before anyone pipes up with it – nobody receives that much on benefits. For doubletalk, let’s look at Michael Gove. The Education Secretary was heckled and jeered when he appeared before the National Association of Head Teachers’ conference, where members passed a motion of no confidence in his policies. The BBC quoted Russell Hobby, general secretary of the NAHT: “What I think he’s failed to pick up on is the short termism of the targets and the constant change, [which] means that people no longer feel that they’re doing the job that they came to do, which is to teach children.” Mr Gove said he had been “delighted with the warmth and enthusiasm” that had greeted some of the government’s education policies. But he went on to say there would be no change of course: “What I have heard is repeated statements that the profession faces stress, and insufficient evidence about what can be done about it. What I haven’t heard over the last hour is a determination to be constructive. Critical yes, but not constructive.” Doubletalk. At first he was saying one thing when we know he means something else entirely; then he went on to ignore what he had been told – by the experts – because it did not support his policy. Meanwhile, of course, the Conservative Party is eating itself alive over Europe. There are so many angles to this, it’s hard to know where to begin! We know that Conservative backbenchers tried to amend their own government’s Queen’s speech with a motion regretting the lack of intention to legislate for an in/out referendum on membership of the European Union, and we know that 116 of them voted in favour of that motion. That wasn’t anything like enough for it to pass, so David Cameron didn’t have to worry about resigning (as suggested in previous articles on this blog). Next thing we knew, the Telegraph‘s political editor, James Kirkup, told us a government figure close to the Prime Minister had said the backbenchers had to vote the way they did because they had been ordered to do so by grassroots Conservative association members, and they were all “mad, swivel-eyed loons”. Downing Street has denied that anybody said such a thing, but Kirkup has tweeted “I stand by my story” – and anyway, the damage has been done. Conservative association members were already at loggerheads with the Parliamentary party and the government, we’re told, because they believe their views are being ignored. (One wonders what those views might, in fact, be. This could be one case in which ignoring the will of the people is actually the more sensible thing to do!) Jeremy Hunt, the Health Secretary, has said the Conservatives are “united” in their view of Europe – but then, Jeremy Hunt – as Health Secretary – told Parliament that spending on the NHS has risen in real terms since the Coalition came into office, and we know from Andrew Dilnot, head of the independent UK Statistics Authority, that this is not true. Lord Howe, on the other hand, has accused Crime – sorry, Prime – Minister David Cameron of “running scared” of Eurosceptics and losing control of the party. This is the man whose resignation speech, which memorably included a comment that being sent to deal with the EU was like being in a cricket team whose captain had broken his bat, signalled the end of Margaret – later Baroness – Thatcher’s career as Prime Minister. Who do we believe, the silly youngster or the boring old guy? That’s right – we believe the old guy who already brought down one Prime Minister. Perhaps he can do the same to another. Meanwhile, we were told on Sunday that members of Parliament are all set to receive a pay rise of up to £20,000, starting in 2015, the year of the next general election. The Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority has been considering an increase of between £10,000 and £20,000, with the lower figure most likely – despite a consultation revealing that some MPs (all Conservative) thought they were worth more than £100,000 per year. Backbencher pay is around £65,000 per year at the moment. This means the pay rise they are likely to get is 15 per cent, while those Conservatives who wanted £100 grand expected a rise of 54 per cent. Average pay rises for working people over the last year were less than one per cent. Do you think this is appropriate remuneration for the political organisation that said “We’re all in it together?” Because I don’t. And this is the time the Conservative Party decides to float a proposal for a two-tier benefit system, in a survey sent to residents of marginal seats held by Labour. One question asked whether benefit payments should be the same, regardless of how many years a person has paid National Insurance or income tax. If people answered ‘no’, the next question asked what proportion of benefits should be dependent on a record of contribution. This is insidious. If benefits become dependent on contribution, that means young people without a job will not qualify for benefits – they won’t have paid anything in, so won’t be able to take anything out. Also, what about the long-term sick and disabled (don’t start about fraud – eliminating the 0.4 per cent of fraudulent claims does not justify what the Conservative-led Coalition is already doing to 87/88 per cent of ESA claimants, or what it has started doing to PIP claimants)? Their claims are likely to continue long after their contributions run out. This is, I think, a trick to allow rich people to get out of paying higher tax rates. Think about it – rich people pay more, therefore they subsidise public services, including social security benefits, for the poor. Get people to support benefit payments based on the amount of money people pay in and the rich get a nice fat tax cut while the poor get their benefits cut off. Fair? All in it together? There’s a lot of doubletalk, so sections are headed “helping with the cost of living” (they tend to make it impossible for people to meet that cost) or “making our welfare and benefits system fair” – Tories have never tried to do this in the entire history of that political party. And respondents were asked to agree with one of two statements, which were: “If you work hard, it is possible to be very successful in Britain no matter what your background” and “In Britain today, people from some backgrounds will never have a real chance to be successful no matter how hard they work”. The correct answer is to agree with the second statement, of course. And this government of public schoolboys have every intention of pushing that situation to its utmost extreme, so if you are a middle-class social climber and you think there are opportunities for you under a Tory government, forget it. The whole nightmarish rag is prefaced by a letter from David Cameron. It’s very funny if you accept that it’s full of doubletalk and nonsense. Let’s go through it together: “I’d like to know what you think about some of the steps we’ve taken so far – and I’d like to know your ideas about what more the Government can do to help families like yours,” he begins. He means: I’d like to know what we can say in order to get you to vote for us in 2015. We’ll have no intention of carrying out any promise that does not advantage ourselves and our extremely rich friends. The correct response is: Your policies are ideologically-motivated twaddle that are causing critical damage to this country and its institutions. Your best action in the future will be to resign. “I think helping people through tough economic times means making sure our welfare and benefits is [sic] fair. That means ensuring the system helps those who do the right thing and want to get on. That’s helping rich people through tough economic times. We’ll make welfare and benefits as unfair to the poor as we can. That means ensuring the system helps those who support us and are rich enough for us to want to help them. Your changes to welfare and benefits have led to thousands of deaths. That is not fair. You are breaking the system. “That’s why we’ve capped the amount an out-of-work household can receive in benefits, so this can’t be more than an average working family earns. Again I’d like to know what you think about the actions we’ve taken so far, and your ideas to the future.” It’s nothing near what an average working family earns, because they would be on benefits that top up their earnings to more than £31,000 – but you couldn’t cap at that level because almost nobody would have been knocked off the benefit books (all your talk about people taking more than £100,000 in benefits was nonsense). Resign, join a monastery and vow never to enter public life again. There is no doubt about it – the cracks are beginning to show. Last summer, the Olympic Games gave us spectacular firework displays. As public unrest mounts, it seems likely that we’ll see even more spectacular fireworks this year – unplanned. But then, that is why the Conservatives bought the water cannons that are being tested at Petersfield. When they go into use, we’ll all know what they really think of the general public. Cabinet reshuffle: Does Cameron think he’s the Joker? Posted by Mike Sivier in Benefits, Business, Comedy, Conservative Party, Disability, Economy, Education, Health, Law, Liberal Democrats, Media, People, Politics, Tax, UK Andrew Lansley, Andy Coulson, Baroness Warsi, cabinet, chairman, Chancellor, Chris Grayling, Coalition, Conservative, Culture, Daniel Hannon MEP, David Cameron, Department of Work and Pensions, Downing Street, DWP, economy, Education Secretary, equalities, Eric Pickles, Exchequer, Foreign Secretary, George Osborne, government, Grant Shapps, health, Health and Social Care Bill, Home Secretary, House of Commons, Iain Duncan Smith, Jeremy Hunt, Justice, Ken Clarke, Kenneth Clarke, Labour, LabourList, Leader, Leveson, Leveson Inquiry, Liberal, Liberal Democrat, Maria Miller, Marie Stopes, Mark Ferguson, Media, Michael Gove, Mike Sivier, mikesivier, minister for faith and communities, minister without portfolio, News Corporation, News International, News of the World, Olympic, Paralympic, Parliament, Patrick McLoughlin, people, politics, Prime Minister's Questions, Rebekah Brooks, reshuffle, Rupert Murdoch, Sayeeda Warsi, Theresa May, Tories, Tory, transport, Treasury, Vox Political, William Hague, Work and Pensions Secretary One person who didn’t leave the government in the Cabinet reshuffle was David Cameron himself – despite appeals from a multitude of sources (including this blog’s readers) for him to do so. Today’s blog entry will be relatively short. I had an operation on my leg yesterday (September 4) and it seems to be affecting my ability to think. … And if you think that’s bizarre and illogical, let’s have a look at the decisions made by David Cameron in yesterday’s Cabinet reshuffle! Firstly, the really shocking news: George Osborne is remaining as Chancellor of the Exchequer. Not really news, I know, but at the outset it makes a mockery of a process that is supposed to be about improving the government of the UK. Osborne’s policies are a disaster; he has sent British industry nosediving while increasing borrowing by £9.3 billion in the last four months. He was booed when he got up to give out medals at the Paralympics and he was booed at Prime Minister’s Questions today. But he remains in the Number Two government job. Also remaining in post are Home Secretary Theresa May and Foreign Secretary William Hague; Education Secretary Michael Gove surprisingly keeps his brief, despite having proved by his activities that he is not up to the intellectual challenge (see previous Vox articles). And Iain Duncan Smith will remain at Work and Pensions – oh yes he will! – despite having been offered Justice by David Cameron. This shows the weakness of the Prime Minister. As LabourList’s Mark Ferguson put it: “Cameron tried to move IDS. IDS said no. Cameron said ‘ah…um…ok’. Weak, weak, weak.” Fellow Tweeter Carl Maxim added: “Iain Duncan Smith was offered a job at Justice but refused to take it. Therefore his benefits should be cut.” And a fellow called ‘Woodo’ tweeted: “Gove and Duncan-Smith to stay in roles to ‘get the job done’. ‘The job’ being making educating poor kids harder and killing off the disabled.” Biggest winner in the reshuffle has to be former Culture moron – I mean secretary – Jeremy Hunt, who has been moved up to take the Health brief. This has been seen as a reward for his work on the phone hacking controversy that led to the departure of former News of the World editor Andy Coulson from the Downing Street press office, and to the Leveson Inquiry into the behaviour of the media. This seems a nonsensical move. Leveson has ordered not only Cameron, but Cameron’s friends Coulson, Rebekah Brooks (who now faces criminal charges for her part in phone hacking), and Hunt himself to give evidence in hearings that were highly embarrassing for those under scrutiny. Hunt’s own close connections with Rupert Murdoch, whose News Corporation owns the papers that were mainly responsible for the crimes, is well-documented, and led to this tweet from James Lyons: “BREAKING – Rupert Murdoch to buy the NHS.” This may not be far from the truth. Hunt co-authored a book dealing with the NHS at length, with Daniel Hannon MEP who called the NHS a 60 year mistake. The book states: “Our ambition should be to break down the barriers between private and public provision, in effect denationalising the provision of health care in Britain“. He reportedly tried to remove the NHS tribute from the Olympic Games opening ceremony and his record in government is as dodgy: he voted to halve the time allowed for an abortion from 24 weeks to 12. His support of homeopathy has also attracted ridicule from some quarters. Hunt’s arrival at Health follows the ejection of Andrew Lansley, the man who worked for eight long years on his Health and Social Care Bill, that effectively privatised health care in England. This work constituted the biggest lie this government ever sold to the public – that the Conservatives would safeguard the well-loved 64-year-old national institution. His reward? Demotion to become Leader of the House of Commons. Former employment minister Chris Grayling, a man who believes bed and breakfast owners should be allowed to ban gay couples, has been promoted to the Justice brief. In response, one tweeter asked if Cameron will be building more prisons. This means the oldest Cabinet member, Kenneth Clarke, has been ejected from Justice. David Cameron reportedly tried to sack him outright, along with departing Conservative co-chair Baroness Warsi, but ended up compounding his weakness by creating new roles for them instead. Clarke will be a minister without portfolio (although it is believed he’ll be sticking his oar into Osborne’s business at the Treasury), and Warsi will be minister for faith and communities. Nick Parry tweeted: “Now ‘Baroness’ Warsi really knows what it’s like to be Northern and working-class – she’s been made redundant by the Tories.” And Rory Macqueen asked: “Who has replaced Warsi in the <issue off-the-shelf statement about “Labour’s union baron paymasters”> role? It looks really challenging.” That would be tireless self-promoter and foot-in-mouth artist Grant Shapps. Scraping the bottom of the barrel… The new Transport secretary, Patrick McLoughlin, is afraid of flying. And the former minister for the disabled, Maria ‘Killer’ Miller, is the new Equalities minister. She’ll be victimising women, gays and ethnic minorities as well, from now on. If you think that’s harsh, bear in mind that she voted for a (heavily defeated) proposal to stop abortion providers like Marie Stopes counselling women, and is on record as being in favour of defining homophobia, racial hatred and prejudice as ‘freedom of speech’. Beyond that, we’re into comedy territory. For example, Mid Wales Labour member Ryan Myles said: “Apparently David Cameron was planning on moving Eric Pickles but couldn’t afford the crane.” All in all, it’s been a wholesale replacement of anybody with talent, by idiots. The tweeter who identifies himself with Yes Minister lead character Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP summed it up perfectly: “Expected a night of the long knives, may just be a morning of insignificant pricks!“ Another Angry Voice Ayes to the Left The Green Benches Vox Political’s new home A damning indictment of the DPP and its failure to prosecute Cyril Smith The Tories attack Miliband because they’ve got no decent policies Case Of David Clapson Sparks Calls For National Inquiry Lib Dems deny wedge in unhedged pledge to keep pledge not to hedge pledges Scotland referendum Utility firms Zero hours contracts	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11627
__label__wiki	0.510563	0.510563	About Us\|Notable Cases\|Relationships & Family Fresh Start For Husband Michelle Uppal helped achieve a fair settlement, without going to court, so her client could move on with his life positively following redundancy and divorce. After 18 years of marriage, the couple had one child, aged 15, a joint mortgage on their home and several debts in their own names and jointly at the time of their separation. Following an altercation our client’s wife alleged that she was at risk of harm and sought a non-molestation and occupation order. Our client left the family home voluntarily and did not wish to return. Although he did not accept the allegations against him, he did not wish to contest them. Recently made redundant from his high-powered position our client was suffering poor mental health and was of limited means. Legal Aid was not available for representation at the County Court injunction proceedings in Preston, where his wife resided so we wrote to the court outlining our client’s position so that he could attend in person. Urgent matters arose relating to mortgage arrears, but we were able to prevent the repossession of the family home while negotiating with his wife’s solicitors. She secured a loan from her parents to pay off the arrears and the couple agreed to place the property on the market for sale. Our client wanted to defend his wife’s petition for divorce on the grounds of his unreasonable behaviour. On our advice he agreed to proceed without admission to the particulars, which reduced cost and reduced the bitterness and resentment which could have resulted from protracted arguments. We encouraged both parties to exchange financial disclosure voluntarily but, unable to cope with the stress our client failed to provide instructions and his wife issued financial relief proceedings due to his delay. The family home was sold and we agreed that the proceeds of sale should be held to both parties order pending resolution of financial matters. Our client’s health improved but he was keen to try and resolve matters rather than go to court. Conscious of the stress of a court hearing, we negotiated an adjournment to resolve issues of disclosure and exchange questionnaires. Michelle, an experienced practitioner in Collaborative Law, proposed to the wife’s lawyers that a round table meeting might reduce issues. All parties agreed but geographic distance meant we conducted the meeting at our respective offices by telephone conference. Prior to the meeting, Michelle suggested exchanging aspiration statements. This helped significantly reduce hostility between the parties who had not spoken for more than two years. And was especially useful for the wife, who had lost all trust in her husband, to hear that they both wanted to achieve a fair and reasonable settlement for the benefit of their child. The telephone conference was incredibly successful. We were able to narrow the issues and agree the deduction of several matrimonial debts and loans to relieve the financial burden. The only outstanding issue was our client’s substantial pension. We obtained further detailed reports from the pension companies and advice from an IFA but agreed it would be disproportionate to costs to obtain a full pension report. Following lengthy negotiations, offers and counter offers, the parties settled matters and agreed a consent order, with pension sharing orders in the wife’s favour. Our client was extremely pleased that he did not have to attend court and that his share of the net proceeds was sufficient to discharge his debts, pay his legal fees and leave a sum for himself. Having secured employment, he was able to focus on his new life, satisfied that all matters had been concluded fairly.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11628
__label__wiki	0.946096	0.946096	‘Tron Legacy’ Secures IMAX Release Date Tron Legacy Secures IMAX Release Date Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures and IMAX Corporation today announced that Tron Legacy, the intense, high-tech 3D adventure starring Jeff Bridges, Garrett Hedlund and Olivia Wilde, will be released to IMAX theatres in IMAX 3D simultaneously with the film's wide release on December 17, 2010. Directed by Joseph Kosinski, Tron Legacy will be digitally re-mastered into the unparalleled image and sound quality of The IMAX Experience with IMAX DMR (Digital Re-Mastering) technology. Tron Legacy is the third film of the previously announced five-picture agreement between IMAX and Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. "This is an ideal movie for IMAX's immersive format," said Mark Zoradi, president, Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures Group. "Tron Legacy already packs a punch in Disney Digital 3D, and to give audiences the option to experience the enhanced premium IMAX 3D version is a real treat. We're particularly excited to reach a much wider audience now that the IMAX network is expanding with its digital locations." "2010 is shaping up to be a powerful year for IMAX 3D releases, and Disney's Tron Legacy is a great addition," said IMAX CEO Richard L. Gelfond. "We believe the buzz that already surrounds this film, combined with its fan-boy following and high-tech visual effects makes it a perfect fit for IMAX and we look forward to its release next year." Related: Tron Lightcycle Ride Coming to Disneyland & Disney World? "We share a common goal with our partners at Disney, which is to transport people to places they normally can't go, and the world of Tron is certainly one of those cool places," added Greg Foster, Chairman and President of IMAX Filmed Entertainment. "Since I saw the first glimpse of Tron Legacy in 3D over a year ago, I've felt it was the perfect match for the The IMAX Experience." Tron Legacy is set in a digital world that's unlike anything ever captured on the big screen. Sam Flynn (Hedlund), the tech-savvy 27-year-old son of Kevin Flynn (Bridges), looks into his father's disappearance and finds himself pulled into the digital world of Tron where his father has been living for 25 years. Along with Kevin's loyal confidant Quorra (Wilde), father and son embark on a life-and-death journey of escape across a visually-stunning cyber universe that has become far more advanced and exceedingly dangerous. The 3D adventure is directed by Joseph Kosinski and produced by Sean Baily, Jeffrey Silver, Steven Lisberger and written by Lisberger, Richard Jeffries, Brian Klugman & Lee Stemthal, Eddy Kitsis & Adam Horowitz, and Bill Wheeler. Topics: Tron, Tron Legacy, IMAX Tron 3 Producer Offers Update: Will It Ever Really Happen? Tron 3 Was Canceled Before the Script Was Finished Tron 3 Is Still Happening with Jared Leto Ready Player One Trailer: Iron Giant, Freddy Krueger & Every Easter Egg We Can Find Tron Lightcycle Ride Confirmed for Walt Disney World Tron Reboot Is Happening, Jared Leto in Talks to Star	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11632
__label__cc	0.54743	0.45257	Towards Equality and Diversity Levant & Mesopotamia Turkey & Iran Mashreq–Worldwide Relations Analysing the Mashreq History + Religion + Social Minorities + Atheists + LGBT + Non-Arab + Non-Muslim + MPC Journal Guidelines Monthly Issues Online Training for Journalistic Writing MPC Journal Team Contributors on MPC Journal IraqPolitical AnalysisSyria Why Global Jihadism Remains Notorious March 6, 2017018 Hakim Khatib A group of wacko Jihadists in Iraq– © Photo: Getty Images Global Jihadism, also known as Jihadist extremism, remains the most highlighted form of violent extremism today. It refers to actions justified by a particular interpretation of Islam, forming a worldwide violent ideological movement. The actors of global Jihadism can be organised individuals, groups, networks or organisations. Stories covering terrorist attacks committed by al-Qaeda and very recently ISIS militants in Europe and North America have swept Westerns and Eastern mainstream media since 1990s. Although it is unequivocal that most attacks – including some public executions of ‘spies’ or other enemies – were carried out in West Asia and North Africa, focus remains persistent on the impact of these groups on Western countries. So why do incidents of global Jihadism receive more attention than other forms of violent extremism? According to FBI data compiled by the Princeton University’s Loon Watch, terrorist attacks committed by Islamist extremists (6%) on US soil from the year 1980 all the way to 2005 fall behind Latino groups (42%), extreme left-wing groups (24%), and Jewish extremists (7%). Hakim Khatib Hakim Khatib studied political science of the Middle East, European Studies, journalism and linguistics. He has been lecturing at different German universities since 2011 on issues related to ideology and the interplay of power thereof in socio-political life, and religion and its relationship to contemporary politics in the regions of West Asia and North Africa, especially Egypt and Syria. He is also the editor-in-chief of the Mashreq Politics & Culture Journal (MPC Journal) since 2014 and has published over 100 articles in different languages, academic and otherwise, in a wide spectrum of on-line and printed newspapers, journals and think tanks. His current research focuses on Islam-inspired political ideologies such as Islamist extremism and Salafism, radicalisation, de-radicalisation processes in Germany as well as peace and conflict in the Middle East. Latest posts by Hakim Khatib (see all) Homosexual Wants to Run for Presidential Election in Tunisia - June 28, 2019 Tunisia: Police Officer Dies in Suicide Attack - June 27, 2019 US-Iran Crisis Locked in a Stalemate - June 25, 2019 According to Europol’s annual EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report, which provides an overview of the terrorism phenomenon in the EU in a given year, all “religiously motivated” terrorist attacks (including Jewish, Christian, Muslim, Buddhist etc.) in the EU between 2009 and 2013, have registered less than two per cent. From the 1088 terrorist attacks on EU soil, only 12 of them were either religiously motivated or affiliated with terrorist organisations such as al-Qaeda and ISIS. The number of suspects arrested for religiously inspired Jihadist terrorism, however, has recently increased between 2011 and 2015 (122, 159, 216, 395, 687 consecutively). Based on Europol’s annual reports, the majority of terrorist attacks in the EU have been perpetrated by separatist organisations and groups, which are motivated by ethno-nationalist, right-wing supremacist, left-wing anarchist and Marxist-Leninist beliefs. So what spots the difference between Jihadist extremism and other forms of extremism in terms of notoriety? Al-Qaeda and later ISIS have declared Jihad not only against a specific group or country but also against the whole world. Therefore, we call them global in the first place. Since Osama bin Laden’s Declaration of Jihad on the Americans Occupying the Country of the Two Sacred Places in 1996, Extremism of Jihadist groups has become an international concern. While other forms of extremism are more likely to be confined in terms of space or in terms of the group they include and exclude, global Jihadism indiscriminately excludes all others in a dualist division between believers and infidels. The relatively successful infiltration of Western societies by global Jihadists – recruits, returnees and otherwise – has given their rhetoric a meaning. By rhetoric I mean the use of language as a persuasion method in order to reach a political end. According to their rhetoric, they plan to rule the world and that Islam, as they understand it, will dominate. They promise a utopian society without distinction based on origin, language, colour or race. Recently ISIS has been relying on world, especially Western, media structures to send its messages of fear and division across the world. By using these already existing structures, ISIS became able to employ a successful propaganda strategy tailored to different audiences. Thus, unlike other violent extremist groups, ISIS aims to go viral as a pillar of a strategy to intimidate Western societies, signalling the possibility of more attacks to follow. Although the reasons causing an individual to commit terrorism are different in almost every case, there has been a growing tendency that all incidents of terrorism define a connected phenomenon. Therefore, this growing tendency has led to conflating different incidents in different countries as instances of Jihadist extremism, exaggerating the threat thereof. Such exaggeration is also compounded by a pending confusion between Islam as among others a theology, belief and culture and Islamism, which broadly and vaguely refers to the ideology of Islamist conservative movements ranging between non-violent reformist, legalist, literalist and dogmatic to violent and extremist. The proximity bias in the sense that closer to us is more interesting to us correlated with business decisions to make stories sell in Western media are vital, too. Stories about scary “others” play better in the media and receive a wider readership. To sum up, global Jihadism remains infamously frequently referenced as a form of violent extremism because it is not confined to a specific space or excludes a specific group; its rhetoric is frightening to its enemies but attractive to its supporters; its posed threat is exaggerated; and its propaganda especially that of ISIS proves relatively successful. Related tags : Why Global Jihadism Remains Notorious Sunni Ultra-Conservatism & Western Populism: Two Sides of the Same Coin Iran emboldened – Op-Ed Comment here Cancel reply Lebanese Security Forces Try to Close LGBT Conference Join Syria’s Peace Movement and Tell Your Politicians to Stop the Bombs Evolution of Turmoil in Middle East: Western Role (Part One) Jihadists Seek to Exploit Widespread Sense of Abandonment Saudi Change of Women’s Sporting Right EU’s Standing Against Israeli Policy of Occupation Islamic State – the Worldwide Caliphate that never was Could a Confederate Solution Break The Israeli-Palestinian Deadlock? The Virtual Islamic State Iran and the China-led Shanghai Cooperation Organization MPC Journal’s Archive MPC Journal’s Archive Select Month July 2019 June 2019 May 2019 April 2019 March 2019 February 2019 January 2019 December 2018 November 2018 October 2018 September 2018 August 2018 July 2018 June 2018 May 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 December 2017 November 2017 October 2017 September 2017 August 2017 July 2017 June 2017 May 2017 April 2017 March 2017 February 2017 January 2017 December 2016 November 2016 October 2016 September 2016 August 2016 July 2016 June 2016 May 2016 April 2016 March 2016 February 2016 January 2016 December 2015 November 2015 October 2015 September 2015 August 2015 July 2015 June 2015 May 2015 April 2015 March 2015 February 2015 January 2015 September 2014 June 2014 April 2014 March 2014 February 2014 August 2013 August 2012 February 2012 April 2011 January 2011 © Mashreq Politics & Culture Journal 2014 – 2019. All rights reserved.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11633
__label__wiki	0.759068	0.759068	Visconti: Concerto for 2 Violins in B-Flat Major - Single Riccardo Masahide Minasi Concerto for 2 Violins in B-Flat Major: I. Allegro Riccardo Masahide Minasi & European Union Baroque Orchestra Concerto for 2 Violins in B-Flat Major: II. Grave Concerto for 2 Violins in B-Flat Major: III. Presto sempre staccato ℗ 2013 K&K Verlagsanstalt More By Riccardo Masahide Minasi Valentini: Concerto Grosso in A Minor, Op. 7, No. 11 - EP Rietz & Gross: Cello Concertos & Fantasy Corelli: Concerto Grosso, Op. 6, No. 11 - Single Castrucci: Concerto grosso in D Major, Op. 3, No. 12 - Single Mossi: Concerto grosso in E Minor, Op. 4, No. 11 - Single Geminiani: Concerto Grosso No. 12 in D Minor (after Corelli's Sonata, Op. 5, No. 12, "La Follia") - Single	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11637
__label__cc	0.68278	0.31722	Music Lessons in Aliso Viejo Fun Fact: One of the first students Molly ever taught was a 3-year-old grandchild in the Hurley (of the famous Hurley Clothing Corporation) family. She drove to their beautiful home in Aliso Viejo. Hone your technique while singing what you want to sing. Our teachers specialize in everything from pop, to R&B, to Broadway, to opera. We’ll help you conquer all 88 keys (or fewer, if keyboard’s your style), whether you’re into rock anthems or Rachmaninoff. Our guitar lessons are well-paced, and our approach focuses on the style you want, whether that’s jazz, rock, pop, classical, or something else. Get Started Today with a Trial Lesson About Aliso Viejo Aliso Viejo’s motto is “Live, Work, Learn, Shop and Play,” and we couldn’t agree more. Our music lessons are, of course, about learning, but they’re also about play and self-discovery. At Molly’s Music, we believe that hard work is a crucial element in becoming a good musician but that there has to be an element of passion involved for someone to become a great musician. That’s why we focus on the styles and genres that our students are truly moved by, instead of foisting a one-size-fits-all approach on their lessons. Some of our Aliso Viejo students choose to take their music lessons at our Costa Mesa studio, and others use the toll road to get to our Orange location, but most of them choose the comfort and convenience of in-home music lessons in Aliso Viejo—no Fast Pass needed. Call For Inquiry Mail For Inquiry Voice Lessons in Aliso Viejo We teach students with a wide array of interests and backgrounds. Our teachers are just as excited about teaching the Katy Perry hit that’s on the radio as they are about teaching an art song, because our goal is to instill a lifelong love of singing in our students. We believe music should be joyful, and that the best way to make it so is to teach students what they love. Singing lessons in Aliso Viejo have often helped prepare Aliso Niguel H.S. students for their SOCSA (South Orange County School of the Arts) auditions. Our students have excelled in a variety of musical genres. Piano Lessons in Aliso Viejo Some of our Aliso Viejo families choose to drive to our Costa Mesa studio because of the beautiful Kawai grand piano it features, but most of them take in-home piano lessons in Aliso Viejo. Not only are in-home lessons convenient, but they allow our teachers to help you learn the nuances of your particular instrument. When it comes to versatility, you can’t beat the piano. Not only is it a great first instrument to help budding musicians build a musical foundation, but it’s also a wonderful stand-alone instrument for the concert hall, and an accompaniment instrument for the singer-songwriter playing and singing at an open mic night at the Neighborhood Cup. Because of this, our students often pair piano lessons with voice lessons and concentrate on chordal self-accompaniment. Almost all of our instrument teachers are also voice teachers, so we can help you find a teacher who’ll work with you on both. What could be more convenient? Guitar Lessons in Aliso Viejo The guitar is arguably the most popular sing-songwriter instrument, along with its younger sibling, the ukulele. As with the piano, many of our guitar lessons in Aliso Viejo are paired with singing lessons, so that students can accompany themselves on their favorite Taylor Swift or Led Zeppelin song. If you prefer the guitar as a stand-alone instrument, either for classical melodies or for shredding solos, we still have you covered! Whether you want to learn acoustic or electric guitar, and whether you want to learn to strum or finger pick, we can help. We also offer lessons in the banjo, if you happen to want to jam with Mumford and Sons. Why We Love Aliso Viejo In 2009, forbes.com named Aliso Viejo one of the top 25 cities to live well in, and it’s not hard to imagine why. It’s a city of parks, with 21 parks within 6 square miles! The gorgeous Soka Performing Arts Center, with over 1000 seats and world-class acoustics. The Town Center Amphitheater at Grand Park is host to the exciting summer concert series in Aliso Viejo. The Stadium Brewing Company is a fun place to go for live music. The Neighborhood Cup has an open mic night the first and third Friday of each month at 6:30. We recommend the lavender latte. Aliso Niguel High School was ranked as one of the top 500 schools in the nation and offers the additional opportunity of getting to do performing arts at SOCSA. About Molly's Music	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11639
__label__wiki	0.866298	0.866298	John Green and Gordon Parsons Opinion Pros and cons of Littlewood life story The RSC's new musical biography of a great radical theatre-maker divides our critics Miss Littlewood Photo: Topher McGrillis JOAN LITTLEWOOD and Peter Brook are undeniably two of the major directorial influences on modern European theatre, with both in very different ways stretching the boundaries of style, text, themes and processes in performance. If Brook’s approach is rooted in intellectual inquiry, Littlewood’s concern was essentially entertainment. Sam Kenyon’s lively musical biography Miss Littlewood at the RSC in Stratford-upon-Avon is faithful both to her life and her work and while going full-out to entertain, it conveys the loneliness at the core of her anarchic personality. Kenyon's show, peppered with songs, takes us from her birth to a working-class, unmarried mother through her early entry into theatre in Manchester agitprop groups, her training at RADA and rejection of its elitist values, to the creation of her Theatre Workshop, eventually finding a home in the Theatre Royal, Stratford East. We see the triumphant successes, including Brendan Behan’s The Hostage, Shelagh Delaney’s A Taste of Honey and eventually her own Oh! What a Lovely War, along with all the attendant financial and personal crises. In keeping with Littlewood’s love of popular music-hall theatre, Kenyon conveys her life in short scenes, punctuated by songs, where we see the ever-present Littlewood (Clare Burt) observing and at times acidly commentating directly to the audience. Her younger self, successively played by other actors, creates, cajoles and bullies her faithful company to produce productions that portray the real world. She contemptuously dismisses theatre more focused on the frame than the picture. From the talented actors emerging from her theatre, Emily Johnstone’s Barbara Windsor and Sophia Nomvete’s Avis Bunnage present sparkling vignettes and Erica Wyman’s production moves at an energetic pace. Yet if this engaging show — at its core is her long love story with Jerry Raffles (Solomon Israel), whose practical managerial skills kept the company and Littlewood alive — never quite hits that one big musical number, she surely would have approved, knowing that the audience are well and truly entertained. Runs until August 4, box office: rsc.org.uk GORDON PARSONS THE RENOWNED theatre director Joan Littlewood’s life was motivated primarily by two things — the theatre and the ideas of communism. Growing up in south London, brought up by a single mother in impoverished circumstances and very much aware of the deprivation around her despite attending a Catholic girls’ school, she very early on felt drawn to communist ideals. I know, because she went to school with my mother. They became friends and both acted together in school plays and both went on to become communists. Littlewood won a scholarship to RADA but the precious middle-class pretensions that characterised the school only frustrated her, so she took herself off, hitching her way up to Manchester. There she teamed up with Jimmy Miller — later to become famous as Ewan MacColl — and Red Megaphones, his agit-prop theatre group in Salford, which had close ties to the Communist Party. I had hoped that Miss Littlewood at the RSC would be a celebration of her life and ideas, rather than a half-hearted attempt to echo the music-hall influences that imbued much of her work. The “Miss” in the title sets the tone of its patronising approach and I can imagine what Littlewood would have said to see her life dramatised on the boards of Stratford, in what resembles an amateur dramatic society dance-and singalong: “Fuck that for a joke!” Littlewood had a healthy disdain for privilege and ruling-class pretension. She felt strongly that her theatre should be rooted in working- class life and provide entertainment and food for thought to a class that rarely if ever had the opportunity to go to the theatre. She was inspired primarily by Soviet agit-prop theatre and by the great communist theatre practitioners — Bertolt Brecht, Georgio Strehler, director of Milan’s Piccolo Teatro, and Jean Vilar of the Paris-based Theatre National Populaire. But she developed her own unique way of putting on plays, employing almost exclusively working-class actors, often with little experience if any of performance. She used improvisation and believed strongly in establishing an ensemble, to lend a cohesion and harmony to the performances. Promoting young unknown playwrights like Brendan Behan, Shelagh Delaney, Frank Norman and the communist Lionel Bart, who went on to fame and fortune with his musical Oliver, she produced plays that no West End theatre at the time would have touched with a bargepole. Bursting with energy, earthy humour and intellectual stimulus, they were great entertainment, far removed from what many would imagine as heavy socialist polemics devoid of humour. Her politics were embedded in a keen sense of theatricality, fun and the rawness of working-class life that she brought on to the stage. Unfortunately, this biographical musical neither captures the real hardship of Littlewood’s life and the price she paid for her obsession with theatrical truth, nor does it get anywhere near the essence of why she became such an iconic figure in 20th-century British theatre. The renowned critic Kenneth Tynan expressed it perhaps better than anyone in his review of her production of her seminal anti-war play Oh! What a Lovely War in 1963. “It seems to me quite likely that when the annals of our theatre in the middle years of the 20th century come to be written, one name will lead all the rest: that of Joan Littlewood. “Others write plays, direct them or act in them. Littlewood alone ‘makes theatre’.” Corporate media's silence condemned as Manning is fined $1,000 a day	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11643
__label__wiki	0.623508	0.623508	Apple AirPods Competition Category: Videogames https://media.acast.com/neon/fortnite/media.mp3 Subscribe: Android \| Email \| Google Podcasts \| RSS \| More Fortnite has taken the video game market by storm. It is the very latest in freemium games. But while it’s at the cutting edge of technology, the way it works as a business model takes us back over 100 years ago to a specific type of economics. And as to why people play the game? For that you need to look even further back to ancient Rome. Allow NEON to take you on a journey to show you that Fortnite is a game 2,000 years in the making. Written & Presented by Jem Duducu Produced by Dan Morelle Music: Imagine Dragons – Believer Be awesome, support us on Patreon Subscribe to the podcast on iTunes and follow us on Twitter https://media.acast.com/neon/assassinscreed/media.mp3 The video game is over 10 years old now but it started a hugely successful series that is still massively popular today. This episode looks at the game that kicked everything off. The game itself is set during the 3rd crusade it allows NEON to look at these religiously motivated campaigns. Jem explores what they were and what they weren’t and that why everything after 9/11 has been tainted by that event leading to all kinds of misconceptions about the crusades. This episode features the real assassins, rampaging Mongols, violent pagans and the Pope comparing the attempted assassination of Queen Elizabeth I with a crusade. Music: Black Sheep – Counting Sheep https://media.acast.com/neon/battlefield1/media.mp3 With video game logic, Battlefield 1 came out after Battlefield 4, the reason for the title is because it’s set in that most unlikely setting for a video game shooter; World War I. NEON applauds the fresh take on a war that is commonly explained as men sitting in trenches for 4 years. It is, as always, more complicated than the summary and this video game shows us this. From highlighting the brave exploits of now dead nations such as Austro-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire, to the diverse locations the war was fought. This game sneaks real history into the brains of teenagers of today. Music: Cavern – Liquid Liquid Subscribe to the podcast on iTunes and follow us on Twitter. Posted on May 8, 2018 August 2, 2018 https://media.acast.com/neon/farcry5/media.mp3 Far Cry 5 is an action-adventure first-person shooter game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and Ubisoft Toronto and published by Ubisoft for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. It is the eleventh entry and the fifth main title in the Far Cry series. The game takes place in the fictional Hope County, Montana, where charismatic preacher Joseph Seed and his cult Project at Eden’s Gate holds a dictatorial rule over the area. The story follows an unnamed junior deputy sheriff, who becomes trapped in Hope County and works alongside factions of a resistance to liberate the county from Eden’s Gate. Music: DJ Shadow ft. Nils Frahm – Scars Posted on April 27, 2018 August 2, 2018 https://media.acast.com/neon/godofwar/media.mp3 Sony had allowed Kratos some well-deserved rest from his series of games until 2018 when a new one came out for the PS4. But this time they went from the legends of Greece, to the tales from Norse mythology. NEON looks at the evolution of the games as well as the evolution of the legends they are inspired by. Jem also points out the fact that a video game character was able to switch from one mythology to another tells us something else, the similarity of beliefs and storytelling from around the world. Music: Run the Jewels – Legend Has It Minisode: Ready Player One https://media.acast.com/neon/minisode-readyplayerone/media.mp3 Steeped in 80’s pop culture, try tearing us away from giving NEON’s take on Steven Spielberg’s latest blockbuster! Music: Jump – Van Halen Posted on March 22, 2018 August 2, 2018 https://media.acast.com/neon/kingdomcome-deliverance/media.mp3 Is it possible to create a medieval life simulator? If it is, does anybody want one? Warhorse studios decided to find out with their highly complex and inventive game this year. The comparison to Skyrim is inevitable and yet both games stand on their own as champions of the publisher’ vision. It also is a chance to look the game versus the reality of medieval life. NEON starts asking you morale questions not only about your actions in real life but how you may play video games in a way that isn’t quite cheating, but probably isn’t what the publishers had in mind either. Music: Beastie Boys – Piano Jam Subscribe to the podcast in iTunes and follow us on Twitter.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11646
__label__wiki	0.862187	0.862187	Bemowski Wins The 2004 USGA Senior Amateur October 14, 2004 \| Los Angeles By Beth Murrison (USGA/Sam Greenwood) Mark Bemowski, 58, of Mukwonago, Wis., earned a 4-and-3 victory over Greg Reynolds, 57, of Grand Blanc, Mich., to win the 2004 Senior Amateur Championship Thursday at the par-70, 6,491-yard Bel-Air Country Club. It was sweet redemption for Bemowski, who lost the final of the 2002 championship to Reynolds at Timuquana Country Club in Jacksonville, Fla., 4 and 3. "It's just amazing that we would have the opportunity to meet again," said Bemowski. "And then, for me to have the match I did, I'm really thrilled." Bemowski got off to a sizzling start, winning the first three holes, and built the lead to a 5-up advantage with back-to-back birdies on the seventh and eighth holes. Meanwhile, Reynolds was struggling, with bogeys on two of the first six holes. "He just played beautifully on the front side and I wasn't able to match his good play, and he put me in a big hole," said Reynolds. "I had a few chances on a couple of holes if I could just have gotten a few putts to drop." Reynolds cut the deficit to four holes after Bemowski double-bogeyed Bel-Air's treacherous par-3, 195-yard 10th hole. He had a chance to cut Bemowski's lead to three a hole later but missed a five-foot birdie putt. Bemowski gave another hole back when he three-putted the 12th for bogey. But Reynolds found trouble on the par-5 14th hole when he hit his tee shot in the trees to the right of the fairway. He went on to bogey the hole after missing a 30-foot par putt, and Bemowski safely two-putted for par to go 4 up and dormie. A hole later, the two traded pars and Bemowski had the victory. "When I became a senior, I thought I had a chance to win this," said Bemowski. "What a thrill to win a USGA championship. It's the pinnacle." The USGA Senior Amateur is one of 13 national championships conducted annually by the United States Golf Association, 10 of which are strictly for amateurs.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11649
__label__wiki	0.574858	0.574858	Transfer of Science or Research, Research results Lightweight metal foams become bone hard and explosion proof after being nanocoated Taking inspiration from bones: Materials scientists Stefan Diebels (l.) and Anne Jung can customize their lightweight and strong metal foams for a wide range of applications. Credit: Oliver Dietze Strong enough not only for use in impact protection systems in cars, but able to absorb the shock waves produced by a detonation. Those are just some of the properties shown by the metallic foams developed by materials scientists Stefan Diebels and Anne Jung at Saarland University. Their super lightweight and extremely strong metal foams can be customized for a wide range of applications. The inspiration for the new foam system came from nature: bones. Using a patented coating process, the Saarbrücken team is able to manufacture highly stable, porous metallic foams that can be used, for example, in lightweight construction projects. The initial lattice substrate is either an aluminium or polymer foam, not dissimilar to a kitchen sponge. The research team and the start-up company that their work has spawned (Mac Panther Materials GmbH, Bremen, Germany) will be at Hannover Messe where they will be showcasing their process from the 1st to the 5th of April at the Saarland Research and Innovation Stand (Hall 2, Stand B46). Bones are one of nature’s many ingenious developments. They are strong and stable and can cope with loads almost as well as steel. But despite their strength, they are light enough to be easily moved by humans and animals. The secret lies in the combination of a hard exterior shell that encases a porous lattice-like network of bone tissue in the interior of the bone. This structure saves on material and reduces weight. Metal foams are able to mimic these naturally occurring bone structures. The synthetic foams are porous, open-cell structures that are manufactured from metals and that have the appearance of a sponge. The metal foams currently available are certainly lightweight, but the production process is both complicated and expensive. And the stability of the sponge-like foam structure is still too weak and not resilient enough for many applications. This is certainly true of aluminium foam, which is the most common type produced today. ‘This is the reason why metal foams have so far not had any real market impact,’ explains materials scientist Stefan Diebels, Professor of Applied Mechanics at Saarland University. His research team has found a way to significantly strengthen the lattice structure of the metal foams, producing a lightweight, extremely stable and versatile material. Diebels and materials scientist Dr. Anne Jung have developed a patented procedure for coating the individual struts that make up the open-cell interior lattice. As a result, the exterior of the foam is stronger and more stable and the structure is now able to withstand extreme loads. However, the treated foam remains amazingly light. The team started out using aluminium foams but are now using inexpensive polyurethane foams whose strength comes entirely from the thin metal coating applied to the lattice structure. ‘The resulting metal foams have a low density, a large surface area but a small volume. In relation to their weight, these foams are extremely strong and rigid,’ says Stefan Diebels. In fact, they are so strong that they are being used as mobile barriers to provide protection from the shock waves caused by explosions. Even when exposed to underwater detonations, the foams simply ‘swallow’ the resulting sound and pressure waves, thus protecting sensitive marine organisms from the effects of these powerful shock waves. ‘Most of the applications we focus on are generally less spectacular, such as the use of our foams in lightweight construction,’ explains Dr. Anne Jung, a senior research scientist in Diebels’ group. Dr. Jung actually completed two doctoral theses. She was awarded the German Thesis Award from the Körber Foundation for ‘the most important dissertation of the year with significant relevance for society’ for her first doctoral theses on the subject of metal foams. Many products can be made lighter and more stable by drawing inspiration from nature’s design ingenuity. For example, load-bearing structures in cars and aeroplanes could be manufactured from the metal foam. ‘They can be installed as reinforcing struts in the bodywork, while also providing impact protection. The struts can take up large amounts of energy and are able to absorb the force of a collision when parts of the porous core fracture under impact,’ explains Anne Jung. There are numerous areas of application for these foams, such as in catalysis, as the material is porous and thus allows liquids and gases to flow through it, or for shock absorption or as a heat shield, as the foams exhibit excellent heat resistance. The foam material can also be used for electromagnetic screening or in architectural applications, where it finds use as sound-absorbing cladding or as a building design element. The coating is applied in an electroplating bath. The most challenging aspect of the electroplating process was achieving a uniform coating of the ultrathin layer throughout the entire interior of the foam structure. ‘The problem’, explains Anne Jung, ‘is that the metallic foam acts as a Faraday cage.’ As the interior of the foam is surrounded by electrically conducting material, electric current and thus the coating is diverted to the exterior of the foam body and does not travel through the interior of the foam – it’s similar to what happens when lightning strikes a car. The breakthrough came when Anne Jung decided to use a special anode cage, which allows her to apply a uniform, nanocrystalline coating throughout the entire lattice network. ‘The patented method also functions on the industrial scale with foams with very large surface areas,’ adds Jung. The Saarbrücken team has authored numerous important scientific papers in the field and is now regarded as one of the world’s leading research groups in the micromechanical characterization of these porous metal lattices. Using an array of experiments, simulations, tension and compression testing, optical microscopy and x-ray computed tomography, the research team have examined the structure, pore geometry and curvature of the struts and have shown how varying the thickness of the nanocoating can impart different properties to the foam materials. By varying the composition of the coating, its thickness or the pore size, the team is able to customize foams to meet different application needs. For example, nanocoating the open-cell lattice structure with nickel produces particularly strong foams, with copper the foam material exhibits high thermal conductivity, with silver they have good antibacterial properties, and with gold the foam is highly decorative. The Saarbrücken research group, which includes students and doctoral researchers, are continuing to work on optimizing both the production process and the material itself. In order to facilitate the commercial and industrial application of their research results, the Saarbrücken researchers have entered into a technology transfer pilot project together with Saarland University’s Knowledge and Technology Transfer Office (KWT) and the external start-up partners Dr. Andreas Kleine and Michael Kleine, and have established the company Mac Panther Materials GmbH with headquarters in Bremen. Both Dr. Jung and Professor Diebels have a stake in the new company as does Saarland University’s knowledge and technology transfer company WuT. For more information visit: or Press photographs are available at and may be used free of charge. Please read and comply with the conditions of use. This press release is available in German at: Contact for press enquiries: Professor Dr.-Ing. Stefan Diebels: Tel.: +44 (0)681 302-3958, -2887; Email: s.diebels@mx.uni-saarland.de PD Dr.-Ing. Dr. rer. nat. Anne Jung: Tel.: +44 (0)681 302-3958, -2169, Email: anne.jung@mx.uni-saarland.de Dr. Andreas Kleine (Mac Panther Materials GmbH) Tel.: +49 (0) 421-5 57 16-6, E-Mail: a.kleine@macpanther-materials.de Contact for scientific information: 2019-03-14 15:42:51.940751: Unfortunately there was an error in the phone number. The Country Code should read 0049 (for Germany) and not 0044. Claudia Ehrlich Tel: 0681/302-64091 Mail: presse.ehrlich@univw.uni-saarland.de	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11653
__label__wiki	0.750938	0.750938	Mark Cannizzaro The hype is building for the best golfer not to win a major By Mark Cannizzaro June 13, 2018 \| 6:46pm Rickie Fowler AP Friends, family ready for Graeme McDowell's Royal Portrush homecoming Tiger Woods still fixing his game ahead of British Open Phil Mickelson takes you inside the diet he hopes reinvents his career Francesco Molinari embracing British Open life he never saw coming It’s going to happen. Rickie Fowler is sure of it. So, too, are his fellow players. Repeat after Rickie, Rory, Rosey and others: “Rickie Fowler is going to win a major championship.” Maybe even this week at the US Open at Shinnecock Hills, which he calls one of his favorite golf courses in the world. “We’ll get it done,” Fowler said Wednesday. “And once we get our first, it’s definitely not going to be the last.” Fowler, who’s only 29 years old, already has eight top-5 finishes in the majors, including three runner-up finishes, the last of which was at the Masters in April. “I’ve been very close,” Fowler said. “I feel like there’s a few you could look at and say, ‘If it wasn’t for that one guy, we would have won.’ There’s some scores that I’ve shot that have been good enough to win majors, but we haven’t been able to get it done that specific week.” Fowler has gone 33 majors without a win, and this is now becoming a thing — an annoying asterisk to an otherwise terrific career that’s still very much in progress. He has four career wins, and all those close calls in major championships — finishing in the top 5 in all four majors in 2014 — without the line. It’s time to cross the finish line first. “We all know I’m good enough to win,’’ Fowler said. “I know I’m good enough to win. “Phil [Mickelson] didn’t get his first for a while, so there’s still hope. I’m not too worried about it. I’m excited about some of these courses that we have coming up, especially this week. But in the coming years, we have some great major venues. Rickie Fowler celebrates engagement at US Open bash The bash was hosted by Discovery Land Company’s Mike Meldman... “Obviously, Augusta is one of my favorites, and I have had success there. It would be nice to throw on a [green] jacket at some point, but we’ll keep doing what we’re doing. I’m definitely not trying to put any extra pressure on [myself]. These are special weeks, so we’re making sure that we’re getting ready for those four.” Until he finally won for the first time, at the 2012 Wells Fargo, Fowler was criticized for being more style than substance — with his litany of commercial endorsements and cult following wearing the same bright-colored outfits he does. That wasn’t — and still isn’t — necessarily fair. Fowler is simply at the forefront of the new breed of multi-tasking, social-media-loving new players. Don’t hate him for that. He works hard, prepares and has put himself in position to succeed. “I’d be very surprised if Rickie didn’t have multiple majors by the end of his career,’’ Rory McIlroy said Wednesday. “He’s a great player. He’s played great in majors. He could have won a couple in ’14, and I was the one that got the better of him there [winning the PGA]. “But he’s put himself in positions. He made a great run at Augusta earlier this year. There’s so much more to winning a golf tournament than just playing well. Your timing has to be right. Things have to happen at the right time. You have to get momentum at the right time, a lucky break here and there. The more times Rickie puts himself in a position, the better his chances are of winning one. Breaking down the 10 must-see golfers at US Open The Post’s Brett Cyrgalis and George Willis break down the... “I think everyone in this room would be really surprised if he wasn’t to go on and win at least more than one major in his career.” Justin Rose, who waited until he was 33 before breaking through to win his first major, in the 2013 US Open at Merion, understands what Fowler is going through right now. “He’s creating those opportunities,” Rose said. “He played plenty well enough at the Masters that it could have been his year. He will let one or two go in the future. He’s going to be on the leaderboard for a long, long time, and I’m sure things are going to line up for him more than once.” Fowler has drawn inspiration from support and advice he’s gotten from fellow players who are major champions — including 18-time major winner Jack Nicklaus, who’s taken him under his wing down in Florida. He, too, said he’s gotten encouragement from Tiger Woods and Freddie Couples, one of his idols as a kid, as well as from his contemporaries who’ve already joined the elite major-winner club — McIlroy, Jordan Spieth and Justin Thomas, who won the PGA last August. “Sometimes I give Justin a hard time,” Fowler said. “It came a little quicker for him. I’ve had to wait a bit.” Hopefully, Fowler won’t have to wait much longer. Filed under rickie fowler , us open golf Justin Rose loves Shinnecock, but that wasn't always the c... Ken Davidoff Aaron Judge gives Yankees reminder of how important he is	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11659
__label__wiki	0.797344	0.797344	Cyprus wraps up good year with better outlook for 2019 20 December 2018, Week 50, Issue 480 A ramp-up in drilling activity and deepening political relations are likely to spur on development next year, writes Gary Lakes in Nicosia WHAT: 2019 is shaping up to be a key year for East Med gas. WHY: ExxonMobil’s drilling results are due, with several other key developments shaping up. WHAT NEXT: Greater clarity on the shape of the nascent regional gas market is likely over the next 12 months. It has been a good year for Cyprus and for the East Mediterranean in general. Progress has been made with moving projects forward and relations between countries have improved as plans for the region’s emerging gas sector take shape. The one blot has been continuing threats from Turkey against Cyprus and the IOCs that are engaged in exploring the island’s EEZ. Cyprus enters 2019 with considerable anticipation. ExxonMobil is currently drilling the first of two back-to-back wells in Block 10, with the results due early in the New Year. Italy’s Eni and France’s Total have yet to make their plans for next year known, but it is anticipated they will form a joint company for the purpose of exploration in Cyprus. They have recently bid jointly on Block 7 and will likely receive the licence for the asset soon. Eni is the largest investor in the Cypriot offshore, where it is partnered with KOGAS in Blocks 2, 3 and 9, and with Total in Blocks 6 and 11 – and soon 7. It also holds the licence for Block 8 on its own. Noble intent US explorer Noble Energy, which is partnered with Royal Dutch Shell and Israel’s Delek Drilling, appears to be finally making headway towards monetising the 127 bcm Aphrodite field in Block 12, which it discovered in December 2011. Noble and its partners have asked the Cypriot government for an adjustment in their PSC in order to improve their return on investment for developing the field. This currently hinges on a likely deal with Shell to export the gas to Egypt via a new pipeline to the Idku LNG facility (operated by Shell) for re-export. Once a new agreement is sorted with the government, a commercial deal with Shell Idku will probably come soon after. This would be a major step forward for Nicosia towards its goal of becoming a gas exporter, though it could be 2023 before the gas, and the revenues, begin to flow. Egyptian aims Political relations with Egypt continue to deepen, as Cairo looks to transform the country into a regional energy hub. The import and subsequent re-export of Cypriot gas would assist its progress to this end. Egypt has also taken steps to improve technical and legal matters in order to facilitate the import of Israeli gas for domestic use. Israeli gas could also be re-exported from the North African country as LNG. On the domestic front, Cyprus may finally get a chance to more towards cleaner energy and cut the cost of its electricity bills. The Natural Gas Public Co. (DEFA) has launched its fourth attempt to secure LNG cargoes with a tender for an FSRU to be installed at Vassilikos near the island’s main power station. DEFA will then tender for LNG supply early in 2019. The company was previously unable to find a deal that was cheaper than the cost of importing liquid fuel for power generation, though this time a solution has to be found, as Cyprus faces fines from the EU if it does not reduce its carbon emissions. US position While the Turkish navy disrupted Eni’s drilling plans in Block 3 earlier this year, there has so far been no repeat at ExxonMobil’s drill sites. Indeed, ExxonMobil’s presence could change the dynamic offshore Cyprus, provided the US super-major makes a worthwhile discovery and stays on in the region. Its presence appears to have contributed to changing Washington’s attitude towards Cyprus. The US’ previous position was that the Republic of Cyprus had a right to explore its EEZ and any revenues earned should be shared equitably with all Cypriots (including the Turkish-Cypriots) in the context of a settlement of the four-decade-old Cyprus problem. This line, which had become the US mantra on Cypriot exploration over the last couple years, never addressed Turkey’s belligerent tone towards Nicosia or its interference in offshore exploration work. But last week, in an interview with Greece’s Ekathimerini newspaper, US Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs Wes Mitchell told Turkey to back off. “Greece, Cyprus and Israel are very important countries for the US because they are stable, democratic, Western allies in a region where you don’t find a lot of stable, democratic partners,” Mitchell told the publication. He said it was a “natural step” for the US to deepen its relationship with them. Most importantly, Mitchell reaffirmed US support for Cyprus’ exploration programme. “Our line has been consistent. Cyprus is a sovereign country and just like any other sovereign country it has resources and can develop those resources,” he said. The official added that he hoped Nicosia would “do this in a way that is equitable and brings everybody on board, but ultimately that is a decision for Cyprus, its leaders and its people.” He went on to say that Turkey’s point of view towards exploration in the Cyprus EEZ “is a minority of one versus the rest of the world. The rest of the world has a very clear, straightforward view that the EEZ of Cyprus is grounded in international law,” and that the US would “not take a friendly view to any kind of harassment in Cyprus waters, especially when US ships are involved.” The foreign ministries of both Italy and France should issue similar statements, making it clear to Ankara that they also will not tolerate harassment of their ships, otherwise there could be repeats of what happened in Block 3 in February. Consensus building For the last few years, Cyprus has cultivated tripartite groupings designed to build consensus on regional energy co-operation. There is the Cyprus, Greece, Israel tripartite group, which has come to include Italy, and in which the US has also expressed an interest in participating. There is also the Cyprus, Greece, Egypt group, which France has expressed an interest in joining. Washington’s rekindled focus on the region has been encouraged by ExxonMobil’s presence. But other geopolitical factors are also in play, such as Russia’s growing presence in Syria, its relationship with renegade Libyan General Khalifa Haftar and its budding oil friendship with Saudi Arabia. While these may not be top concerns for US President Donald Trump, who has his own problems with Russia, they are certainly issues that the US State Department and Department of Defence are concerned with. The Iranian military presence in Syria and its support for Lebanon’s Hezbollah, which virtually controls the country, are major worries for Washington. Furthermore, Turkey’s stance towards the US’ Kurdish allies in Syria and its threats to invade their stronghold in eastern Syria may be an indication to the US that Ankara is not the ally that Washington thought it was. In the midst of this, Cyprus is looking at a better year ahead for its energy sector. There could be a discovery in Block 10 and a commercial agreement with Egypt. There may also be a few more wells drilled and possibly a new FSRU with some LNG cargoes arriving. What is clear is that 2019 will be a pivotal year for Cyprus and the rest of the East Mediterranean. By the end of it, there should be a clearer picture of how the gas sector will evolve, with considerable progress on several key projects.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11662
__label__cc	0.534749	0.465251	Home https://server7.kproxy.com/servlet/redirect.srv/sruj/smyrwpoii/p2/ Health https://server7.kproxy.com/servlet/redirect.srv/sruj/smyrwpoii/p2/ The Pill Can Be Affecting The Influence Of Women's Social Cognition, Study Studies The Pill Can Be Affecting The Influence Of Women's Social Cognition, Study Studies Health 0 Views There has been a rise in evidence from large and small studies that the pill has a lot of health effects on women, their bodies, intelligence, and wellbeing. Now, a new study indicates that oral contraceptives can also have an impact on women's social judgment. If you are one of the millions of women who are taking the pill, there is no need to start freaking out. As psychologist Alexander Lischke explained in ScienceAlert, the effects of his copy are examined & # 39; mild disabilities & # 39 ;, so soft it is likely that you will not know them. The issue appears to be related to the way we define one's feelings by looking at their face. Participants of this study were given emotional emotional recognition, and the team found a mild impact on the group on the tablet ̵ 1; participants fought some of the zealous emotions presented. This is an effect that has been mirrored in the past studies, although we want to note that the size of the sample is rather small, only 94 participants in Germany. And, when it comes to emotional effects of the pill, research on this subject is still in its infancy. That may be surprising, but it is true. Worldwide around 100 million women use contraceptive pills to prevent pregnancy or control their menstruation. Although these medicines are among the most widely studied medical history, we now know that it has a remarkable effect on a woman's attitude, emotion or behavior. That's because most of today's research is focused on physical health effects. These are undoubtedly important, but it is also true that the most common cause of women to stop or change the pill is because of mental health effects. Lischke, who works at the Greifswald University, said that there has been an increase in research investigating the mental effects of these drugs. Although there are mixed results and lower than the ideal techniques, the conclusions we can get from this pile are still flawless. Today, most psychological research focuses on mood and cognition. Lischke's study is among the first to look into the consequences for identifying and controlling emotions. One single study suggested that the pill can damage a woman's ability to process her own emotions and to empathize with others. "If oral contraceptives cause disabilities in the dramatic sense of women's emotions, it's likely that we've noticed this in our day-to-day relationships with our partners," explains Lischke. "We assume these disabilities are very small, indicating that we need to try to identify women's emotions in a work that is sensitive enough to discover disabilities." Purpose That is, researchers evaluated 41 women who are currently using oral contraception and 53 women who are not oral contraceptives. Before they begin, participants respond to questions about their menstrual cycle, using contraceptives, age, education, anxiety, and empathy. Then they gave a test called "Reading the Mind in the Eyes & # 39; – they test their ability to read mild clues to black and white images of people's eyes only. An example of something from Reading the Mind to Eye tests. (Kawata et al., 2014) The results are subtle but meaningful. While groups are equally well acquainted with easy emotional expressions, women who take the pill is almost 10 percent worse in figuring out the most complex things. This is true regardless of the part of the participant's partial body or the type of oral contraceptive that they Lischke says these results are compared well in previous studies, which have found levels estrogen and progesterone can affect the recognition of a woman's emotions. "Because oral contraceptives work by preventing levels of estrogen and progesterone, it is logical that the effect of oral contraceptives also affects the recognition of women's emotions," he explains. . "However, the exact mechanism based on oral contraceptives is a compulsory change in female emotionally identifiable to illuminate." Reading face expressions is an integral part of human interaction and one of the the only signals we have about the feelings and intentions of others. The question is: are these visible disabilities strong enough to cause interpersonal problems in women? We still need more research to say – specifically studies that have larger sample sizes, more difficult tasks, and extended time. "We still do not know if the emotional impairments of [oral contraceptive-related] have serious consequences on women's social life," Lischke said in ScienceAlert "We know that women suffering from illness Ideally like, for example, the disorder of the borderline personality or major depression, shows the emotional disturbances that account for their interpersonal difficulties. the show is more pronounced than the handicap being observed for women who use [oral contraceptives]. " We still do not know much, and the only one seems to be a good reason for more research. This study was published in Frontiers in Neuroscience . A Renewed Call To Extend Medicare For Kidney Transplant Anti-Denial of Drugs: Shots Fixing two early adult health issues can reduce your risk of heart disease	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11663
__label__cc	0.57511	0.42489	Top StoriesWorld HistoryAmerican HistoryGovernmentChurch & StateEducationReligion and Politics Church & State James Monroe, 5th President "When the people become ignorant & corrupt ..." byBill Federer Apr 29 -edited The 5th President of the United States and the times he lived in. James Monroe was born APRIL 28, 1758, the son of Colonel Andrew Spence Monroe. As a youth, he was tutored at home by Scottish Rev. William Douglas, who also tutored Thomas Jefferson. James Monroe then attended Campbellton Academy, run by Scottish Rev. Archibald Campbell of Washington Parish. His classmate was John Marshall, the future Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. At the age of 16, James ' father died, leaving him the family plantation. Monroe attended the College of William and Mary, but dropped out at age 17 to join the Continental Army. In June of 1775, Monroe, along with 24 others, raided the Virginia Governor's arsenal, carrying away 200 muskets and 300 swords to arm the Williamsburg Militia. James Monroe was part of General Washington's crossing of the Delaware River the night of December 25, 1776. He is portrayed in Emanuel Leutze's famous painting "Washington Crossing the Delaware" as standing behind Washington holding the flag. At the age of 18, Monroe helped lead the charge at the Battle of Trenton, where he was struck by a musket ball in his shoulder, rupturing an artery. He was cited for his bravery by General Washington. In John Trumbull's famous painting "Capture of the Hessians at the Battle of Trenton," James Monroe is portrayed center left, wounded, lying on the ground. Monroe returned to the front lines, serving on the staff of Scottish American General William Alexander, Lord Sterling, noted for helping to stop the Conway Caba l to replace General Washington. While on there, Monroe became friends with French officer Marquis de Lafayette, who was six months older. In 1777-1778, Monroe fought in the Philadelphia Campaign, and spent the freezing winter with the army at Valley Forge, sharing a log shelter with John Marshall. He fought in the Battle of Monmouth, June 28, 1778, and after the British captured Savannah, Georgia, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel, but was unable to recruit a regiment. Having never fully recovered from his wounds, on the advice of his uncle, Virginia House of Burgesses member Joseph Jones, Monroe returned to Williamsburg in 1779 to study law with George Wythe, a signer of the Declaration of Independence and America's first university law professor. Wythe had been a notable leader in the Virginia House of Burgesses and Mayor of Williamsburg. In his Remonstrance to the Stamp Act of 1765, George Wythe wrote: "it is essential to British liberty that laws imposing taxes on the people ought not to be made without the consent of representatives chosen by themselves ... British patriots will never consent to the exercise of anti-constitutional power." James Monroe moved to Richmond in 1780, to study law under Virginia Governor Thomas Jefferson, selling his family's small plantation to pay for it. After the Revolution, Monroe was elected as a delegate to the Virginia House of Delegates in 1782. The next year, he was elected to the U.S. Congress. In 1786, James Monroe married Elizabeth Kortright, the daughter of a wealthy merchant from Holland, Netherlands, who helped found the New York Chamber of Commerce. In 1790, he was elected a U.S. Senator, where he served till he was appointed Minister to France in 1794. Being in France during the Reign of Terror, James Monroe's wife, Elizabeth, helped secure the release of Madame Lafayette, the wife of Marquis de Lafayette, who was threatened with death by guillotine like Queen Marie Antoinette. Monroe was elected Governor of Virginia, serving 1799-1802. In 1803, Monroe was made Ambassador to Britain and Spain. On April 30, 1803, Monroe and Robert Livingston negotiated the Louisiana Purchase, doubling the size of the United States. James and his wife, Elizabeth, were invited to Napoleon's coronation in Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, December 2, 1804. Monroe was again Governor of Virginia in 1811, then later that year he was Secretary of State. At the end of the War of 1812, he was made Secretary of War in 1814. Elected the 5th U.S. President, James Monroe sent General Andrew Jackson to Florida in 1817, resulting in it being acquired from Spain in 1819. States that were added to the Union during Monroe's administration were: Mississippi, 1817; Illinois, 1818; Alabama, 1819; Maine, 1820; and Missouri, 1821. President Monroe proclaimed the Monroe Doctrine, 1823, authored by Secretary of State John Quincy Adams, which forbade European powers from interfering with the independent nations of the Western Hemisphere. Monroe helped freed slaves found the nation of Liberia on west coast of Africa. In 1823, their capital city was named in his honor - Monrovia. It is the only foreign capital named after a U.S. President. In his First Inaugural Address, March 4, 1817, President James Monroe warned: "What raised us to the present happy state?... The Government has been in the hands of the people. To the people, therefore ... is the credit due ... It is only when the people become ignorant and corrupt, when they degenerate into a populace, that they are incapable of exercising the sovereignty. Usurpation is then an easy attainment, and an usurper soon found. The people themselves become the willing instruments of their own debasement and ruin ..." Monroe continued: "If we persevere ... we can not fail, under the favor of a gracious Providence ... My fervent prayers to the Almighty that He will be graciously pleased to continue to us that protection which He has already so conspicuously displayed in our favor." When Muslim Barbary Pirates committed terrorist attacks, President James Monroe refused appeasement and instead deployed the U.S. Navy, as he stated, March 5, 1821: "Our relations with the Barbary Powers are preserved ... by the same means that were employed when I came into this office. As early as 1801 it was found necessary to send a squadron into the Mediterranean for the protection of our commerce." In his 5th Annual Message, December 3, 1821, President James Monroe reiterated: "A squadron has been maintained in the Mediterranean, by means whereof peace has been preserved with the Barbary Powers ... From past experience ... it is distinctly understood that should our squadron be withdrawn they would soon recommence their hostilities and depredations upon our commerce." President Monroe, with the U.S. Congress, ordered a city to be founded in 1823 in honor of Commodore Stephen Decatur - the city is Decatur, Alabama. Stephen Decatur was the renowned U.S. Naval officer who helped force the Muslim pirates to surrender, thus ending the Barbary Wars. In his First Annual Message, December 2 1817, President James Monroe stated: "In grateful acknowledgments to that Omnipotent Being ... in unceasing prayer that He will endow us with virtue and strength." On November 16, 1818, in his 2nd Annual Message, President Monroe stated: "For these inestimable blessings we can not but be grateful to that Providence which watches over the destiny of nations ... When we view the blessings with which our country has been favored ... Let us then, unite in offering our most grateful acknowledgments for these blessings to the Divine Author of All Good." On November 14, 1820, in his 4th Annual Message, President Monroe stated: "When ... we take into view the prosperous and happy condition of our country ... it is impossible to behold ... without being penetrated with the most profound and grateful acknowledgments to the Supreme Author of All Good for such manifold and inestimable blessings ... especially ... our most excellent system of government, the powerful instrument in the hands of our All-merciful Creator in securing to us these blessings." On March 5, 1821, in his 2nd Inaugural Address, President Monroe stated: "The liberty, prosperity, and happiness of our country will always be the object of my most fervent prayers to the Supreme Author of All Good ... With a firm reliance on the protection of Almighty God." On December 3, 1821, in his 5th Annual Message, Monroe stated: "Deeply impressed with the blessings which we enjoy ... my mind is irresistibly drawn to that Almighty Being, the great source from whence they proceed and to whom our most grateful acknowledgments are due." James Monroe, who was a member of the Episcopalian Church, admonished: "The establishment of our institutions forms the most important epoch that history hath recorded ... To preserve and hand them down in their utmost purity to the remotest ages will require the existence and practice of the virtues and talents equal to those which were displayed in acquiring them." James Monroe wrote (James Monroe Papers, New York Public Library, Miscellaneous Papers and Undated Letters): "Of the liberty of conscience in matters of religious faith, of speech and of the press; of the trial by jury; ... of the benefit of the writ of habeas corpus; of the right to keep and bear arms ... If these rights are ... secured against encroachments, it is impossible that government should ever degenerate into tyranny." Monroe died July 4, 1831, being the third President to die on July 4th, following Jefferson and Adams in 1826. On December 7, 1824, in his 8th Annual Message, President James Monroe stated: "For these blessings we owe to Almighty God, from whom we derive them, and with profound reverence, our most grateful and unceasing acknowledgments ... Having commenced my service in early youth, and continued it since with few and short intervals, I have witnessed the great difficulties to which our Union has been exposed, and admired the virtue and intelligence with which they have been surmounted ... That these blessings may be preserved and perpetuated will be the object of my fervent and unceasing prayers to the Supreme Ruler of the Universe." Most Infamous DUEL in American History EditorBill Federer CHOLERA-Plague of 19th Century, First Global Epidemic Anti-Slavery Party formed! The Liberty Bell was rung! First Missionaries to Hawaii Jefferson & Adams - 50 years after the Declaration of Independence Battle of Gettysburg - Turning Point in the Civil War Independence Day - Why is it so important? Garfield's warning at 100th anniversary of Declaration of Independence	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11664
__label__wiki	0.629497	0.629497	“No kid sleeps on the floor in our town” With help from Lowe’s, nonprofit Sleep in Heavenly Peace builds beds in over 90 cities in the United States It started with one bed. In one garage. In 2012, Luke Mickelson realized there was a need, not only in his hometown, but across the United States. “We know that every town has the same problem that we see and that’s kids sleeping on the floor,” Michelson said. “We’re not going to have kids sleep on the floor in our town if we have anything to do with it.” Luke started Sleep in Heavenly Peace (SHP), in his garage, in Twin Falls, Idaho. It started as a small group of volunteers who turned it into a nonprofit dedicated to building, assembling and delivering top-notch bunk beds to children and families in need. “You see some of the conditions these kids live in and it’s conditions people aren’t aware of. They not only affect the kids but it’s affecting the parents as well,” Michelson said. When Luke realized the potential, his new organization could have on families, he started searching for people who could help. “We went to other wood and hardware stores and we were lucky to run into Lance Hoover (Store Manager) at Lowe’s,” Michelson said. “As soon as we told him what we were doing, it was a, ‘No question. We want to help out.’ If it wasn’t for Lowe’s, we wouldn’t be able to build as many beds as we do now.” To date, SHP has built more than 1,300 beds in 98 different communities. Store Manager Lance Hoover is amazed how fast SHP has grown since 2012, ” When Luke first came to me with this crazy idea of building bunk bed for kids, I thought, ‘this guy must be outside his mind.’ It sounded more like as if he was building a shed in his backyard with what he was requesting. Now, I look back and see how far SHP has come and it’s amazing to be a part of it. From the start in Twin Falls, Idaho, to soon 100 chapters nationwide. I’m blessed to have been a part of this crazy dream” Serving Communities Rebuilding Together, Lowe’s ‘Kickoff to Rebuild’ ahead of Super Bowl LIII Fresh Thinking 3 easy ways to help recycle rechargeable batteries	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11665
__label__wiki	0.975418	0.975418	The Monotones The Book of Love Fools Will Be Fools You Never Loved Me What Would You Do If There Wasn't Any Rock & Roll The Monotones recorded a spate of clever novelties in the late '50s/early '60s, the most successful of which was the enduring "(Who Wrote) The Book of Love?," a massive Top Ten hit (number five pop/number three R&B) in 1958. The group formed in 1955, when 17-year-old lead vocalist Charles Patrick and his brother James Patrick teamed with 16-year-old first tenor Warren Davis, 15-year-old second tenor George Malone, 17-year-old bass singer John Smith, 18-year-old baritone Warren Ryanes, and his younger brother, 15-year-old second bass John Ryanes, coming together at the Baxter Terrace housing project in Newark, NJ. They practiced in the project's recreation hall, inspired by acts like the Heartbeats, the Spaniels, the Moonglows, and the Cadillacs. They adopted their name from a previous group who already had it and were in the process of breaking up. The six friends and neighbors also began singing with the New Hope Baptist Choir, along with other choir members Dionne Warwick and Dee Dee Warwick, Judy Clay, Cissy Houston, Leroy Hutson (of the Impressions), and several of the Sweet Inspirations. Houston was the choir director and Dionne and Dee Dee were cousins of Jim and Charles Patrick (leader of the Monotones). By 1956, they were performing the Cadillacs' "Zoom" on Ted Mack's Amateur Hour, winning first prize and earning a shot on the show the following week. Unfortunately, James Patrick decided to leave the group to join another act that had performed on the same show: the Kodaks (from Charles Evans Hughes High School in Newark). Undaunted by his brother's choice to sing with a rival act, Charles Patrick began writing new material for the group, the first of which would turn out to be "Who Wrote the Book of Love?" One story about this hit's genesis claims that the lyrics came to Patrick in an inspiration provided by a toothpaste commercial ("you'll wonder where the yellow went") overheard on a radio program being played in a music store when he was looking at the sheet music to a Four Lads song (an Al Stillman composition, also called "Book of Love"). Charles is said to have gone home with the word "wonder" reverberating in his head and, along with Davis and Malone, written the song that day. Yet another version of the story states that Pearl McKinnon, 15-year-old leader of the Kodaks, actually wrote "Book of Love," which was later co-opted by Charles Patrick with help from his brother James. In any case, the Monotones demoed the song in the summer of 1957 and sent it to a number of labels, including Bobby Robinson's Fury label (Robinson had already signed the Kodaks after seeing them perform at the Apollo). Atlantic Records liked the song, but wanted it for their group the Bobbettes. By now the Monotones were convinced it was a hit and wanted to sing it themselves. With James Patrick's help, they were given an audition with Bea Caslon's Hull Records, first home of their heroes the Heartbeats (by this time James Sheppard and his Heartbeats had left for Roulette). Caslon decided to sign the group and record their song in September 1957. One interesting story about an incident that happened during the recording of the song bears repeating: according to the apocryphal story, while the group was rehearsing the intro of the song in the studio, a baseball came crashing through a window and -- perfectly timed -- hit a wall, causing a resounding crash. The group was listening to a playback of the song and sure enough, there it was: "Oh, I wonder, wonder ohm ba doo doo who -- BOOM! -- who wrote the book of love?" They decided to keep it, adding a solitary kick of a bass drum during their session at New York's Bell Studios. Three months later, in December of 1957, "Book of Love" (shortened by now, title-wise) was released on Hull's Mascot subsidiary. By January, it was too huge for cash-poor Hull, so the group licensed it to Chess Records, who issued it on their Argo subsidiary (it was released in February 1958). On March 24, 1958, "Book of Love" was charting on Billboard's Top 100 and the R&B lists by April 7th. By late spring, it had climbed on the pop charts, charting at number five and the R&B charts listing at number three, where it spent 18 weeks. The song even managed to score a number five in Australia. By June 1 of 1958, the Monotones were back in the studio and trying their hand at other rock & roll novelties, perhaps trying to discover the secret behind what makes a hit a hit. Their next single, "Tom Foolery" (with its constant stops-and-starts), faired poorly, however. A third session (in July) yielded a few new songs, including the single "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" (which featured high-speed horse clip-clops), but these singles failed to gain the group an audience. Hull, meanwhile, was engrossed in promoting the Elegants' hit "Little Star" and so the group turned it over to Apt Records, who didn't issue the song until December 1958. The Monotones weren't pleased about the delay and began looking around for another label. They licensed Apt another track, a novelty tune called "The Ride of Paul Revere," which was released in October 1958, but they were surprised to find out it was credited to "the Terrace Tones" (there was an actual group called this, too, featuring Robert Johnson and Andrew Cheatham, who had written the "Paul Revere" song). Despite the confusion, or maybe because of it, it failed to generate much interest. On June 4, 1959, four new tracks were recorded: "Tell It to the Judge" b/w "Fools Will be Fools" (the B-side was a "Why Do Fools Fall in Love?"-type knock-off) was released as one single by Apt and a new song posing yet another question: "What Would You Do If There Wasn't Any Rock & Roll?" (the song remained unreleased until the 1980s, when the Murray Hill label issued it on a Monotones anthology LP). Perhaps this latter number was a response to Danny & the Juniors' hit from the previous year, "Rock & Roll Is Here to Stay"? In early 1960, the Monotones issued their first true Hull release, a strange sort of answer song to their own record, called "Reading the Book of Love" even though it had been two years since the other "Book of Love" song was a hit. The group was watching their life pass before their eyes quite literally by this point and issued their last single on January 27th. "Daddy's Home, but Mama's Gone" was also an answer song (answering Shep and the Limelites' "Daddy's Home," which was itself an answer song to "A Thousand Miles Away"). The group's last session -- February 14, 1962 -- produced two more titles, "Book of Dance" and "Toast to Lovers" which weren't released until they were featured on a Hull compilation LP in late 1962, but by now the Monotones had decided to call it a day and disbanded. Another edition of the group recorded one single for Hickory in 1964, but little information about the single exists. The group later re-formed, in the '70s and '80s, with various members and performed at oldies revival shows. By then, both Ryanes brothers had passed away (John Ryanes died May 30, 1972, in Newark, NJ). As recently as 1992, however, Charles Patrick and his brother James Patrick, Warren Davis, Frank Smith, and George Malone were on hand to ask everyone's favorite musical question from 1958, "(Who Wrote) The Book of Love?" ~ Bryan Thomas Chicago, US3,826 LISTENERS Dallas, US3,033 LISTENERS New York City, US2,414 LISTENERS Houston, US2,247 LISTENERS Yes We Doo Wop, Vol. 3 Who Wrote The Book Of Love? [Digital Version] Classic Oldies All Out 50s The Birth of Rhythm & Blues Doo-Wop Dee Doo 1950's/Early 1960's Playlist The Harptones The Five Satins Listen to The Monotones now. Listen to The Monotones in full in the Spotify app	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11672
__label__wiki	0.553206	0.553206	Loubser v De Beers Marine Namibia (Pty) Ltd (I 341/2008) [2013] NAHCMD 382 (26 September 2013); NOT REPORTABLE REASONS FOR JUDGMENT T............................................................................................PLAINTIFF T....................................................................................DEFENDANT Neutral citation: T v T (I 2002-2011) [2013] NAHCMD 377 (13 December 2013) Coram: VAN NIEKERK J Heard: 20, 21 June 2012; 12, 13, 14 March 2013; 24 April 2013 Delivered: 13 December 2013 Flynote: Husband and wife – Divorce – Claims by plaintiff husband – Counterclaim by defendant wife – Condonation of plaintiff’s adultery refused – Final order or divorce granted in favour of defendant – Joint custody and control of minor child discussed – Custody awarded to defendant VAN NIEKERK J: [1] In this matter I made an order on 13 December 2013 for which I now provide reasons. The pleadings [2] The parties in this matter were married in community of property at Windhoek on 19 August 2005. They have one child, who is a boy, born on 18 June 2006. The plaintiff originally instituted action against the defendant for divorce, alternatively for the restitution of conjugal rights and failing which, a final order of divorce. The particulars of claim was amended a number of times. The last amendment occurred shortly before argument was heard on the merits. Amended particulars of claim were filed, but the claims for divorce, alternatively for the restitution of conjugal rights, failing which divorce, were omitted. I only noticed this at a very late stage after judgment was reserved, but as there is no doubt that the omission occurred inadvertently, I shall deal with the matter on the basis that the amended particulars of claim include these prayers. [3] According to the applicable prayer, the plaintiff’s main claim is based on adultery, but the amended particulars of claim do not include express allegations of adultery, only of an extra-marital relationship/affair with a party who was originally cited as the second defendant. The action has since been withdrawn against this person. The allegations against the defendant as set out in paragraph 7 of the amended particulars of claim are that she wrongfully and maliciously deserted the plaintiff by 7.1 showing no love and/or affection towards the plaintiff; 7.2 acting violently towards the plaintiff by on various occasions assaulting the plaintiff and damaging his personal belongings, as a result whereof the plaintiff obtained a protection order against the defendant; 7.3 using abusive language towards the plaintiff; 7.4 staying out late in the evenings without any explanation as to her whereabouts; 7.5 abusing alcohol; 7.6 moving out of the common bedroom on 6 May 2011; and 7.7 engaging in an extra-marital relationship. Further allegations are made in substantiation of this relationship, namely 7.7.1 that the defendant absented herself from the common home and remained away until the early morning hours; 7.7.2 that the defendant lied to the plaintiff about her whereabouts; 7.7.3 that the defendant would leave her vehicle at a place and drive off in the vehicle of the third party; 7.7.4 that the defendant kissed the third party while being unaware of the plaintiff’s presence at the scene and upon the plaintiff’s approach, sped off with the third party; and 7.7.5 that the defendant has to date failed to reply truthfully to the plaintiff’ questions on the relationship with the third party. [4] The plaintiff admits in the amended particulars of claim that he was involved in an extra-marital relationship, which he admits to be adulterous, from about October 2011 until about April 2012, and in respect of which he prays for condonation. [5] The plaintiff also claims custody and control of the minor child of the parties and division of the joint estate. [6] The defendant filed a counterclaim, which was later amended. She claims an order for the restitution for conjugal rights, failing which a final order of divorce. Although the particulars of claim contain some alternatives, it is essentially a claim based on the plaintiff’s alleged malicious desertion of the defendant by allegedly (i) physically abusing the defendant and her daughter from a pre-marital relationship with another man; (ii) falsely obtaining a protection order against the defendant which order was later ‘withdrawn’ by the plaintiff; (iii) being excessively jealous of the defendant; (iv) falsely accusing the defendant of having extra-marital affairs with another man; verbally denigrating the defendant in the presence of the minor child, her family and colleagues; (vi) emotionally abusing the defendant; (vii) falsely obtaining a second protection order against the defendant (viii) engaging in an adulterous relationship with another woman (to whom I shall refer as X as the pleadings were not served on her) since May 2011; (ix) engaging since January 2012 in an adulterous affair with ND. [7] The defendant alleges that, as a result of the plaintiff’s behaviour further cohabitation with him became intolerable and unbearable and as a result hereof she moved out of the common bedroom on 13 May 2011. She makes certain further allegations in respect of the estate, to which I shall return later. [8] The defendant claims certain ancillary relief, including custody and control of the minor child. [9] It is common cause that the parties are both Namibian citizens and well educated. The plaintiff holds a diploma in education. He also holds an honours degree and a masters degree in management. He occupies a senior management position at a large corporation. The defendant is a quality assurance manager at a beer brewery. She is responsible to ensure that the beer brewed there is of good quality in terms of taste, colour and acidity and also that the packaging is in order. [10] The parties were dating for about 3 – 6 months during 1995 while they were studying at UNAM.They lost contact when the defendant moved to Neudamm to study towards a Bachelors degree in Science and Marine Fisheries. After her studies she moved to Walvis Bay where she worked. The plaintiff traced her after 8 years and suggested that they meet up again. They visited each other over the next five months as friends, but the plaintiff indicated that he was adamant that they should get married as this was the reason why he came back to her. During April 2005 the defendant moved back to Windhoek and they lived together in the plaintiff’s house in Tauben Glen until the marriage on 19 August 2005. A week later he travelled to the USA to study for 18 months, while she remained behind. Except for one visit home during December 2005 and a trip by her to the USA, they did not see each other again until December 2006. [11] One child was born from the marriage. It is common cause that the defendant has a daughter born before the marriage from another relationship who also lived with the parties from 2005 to May 2011. As a result of the problems in the marriage, she went to stay with her uncle and his family for several months, but returned to the common home during November 2011. [12] From all accounts it would appear that the parties were initially happy in their marriage. Both parties testified to this and so did the defendant’s brother, AK.It seems that from about 2008, however, problems began to appear. The main problems appear to have centred on issues concerning trust and respect. The marriage was marked by arguments, turmoil and endless drama.There were times that the parties locked each other out of the house at night. On more than one occasion the defendant had to sleep outside in her car or on the floor at a relative’s house. On one occasion the plaintiff broke into the marital home with a pickaxe while the defendant was sleeping inside. The plaintiff approached the domestic violence court on no less than three occasions to obtain protection orders against the defendant. On another occasion the plaintiff embarked on a 20 minute car chase across the city trying to apprehend the defendant and a man he suspected of being her lover. There were countless instances when the parties’ long-suffering friends and relatives were summoned to their home at all hours of the day and night to mediate between them in order to restore peace and harmony. The plaintiff laid several charges of theft of his clothes and other personal belongings against the defendant. At the time the trial commenced, the relationship between the parties was not good, to say the least. By then they had not been sharing a bedroom and also litigating for about a year, although the defendant only left the common home about two months before the trial started as a result of the last protection order. [13] By way of summary it will suffice to state at this stage that the plaintiff leaves me with the impression that he was needy, clingy and lacking in self-confidence, at least as far as his relationship with the defendant is concerned. He clearly is a person who needs to be shown lots of emotional and physical warmth, but his overly demanding ways appear to have had the opposite effect - instead of achieving the closeness which he craved, it drove the defendant away. The plaintiff’s case [14] The plaintiff gave some background information about his upbringing. He stated that he was raised in a large family. Discipline was important and all the children were raised to achieve their best. Education is very important to them.They were taught to pray, to respect others and to hold good values. In his view a difference in family background and a difference in values exacerbated the breakdown of his marriage with the defendant. The defendant disputed to some extent the rather glowing report given by the plaintiff and pointed to some behaviour which does not speak of family values. However, I think that, by and large, the plaintiff’s evidence about his upbringing may be accepted. It is rather a question of whether he was always able to uphold these values during the marriage. [15] I now turn to the instances of the defendant’s alleged misconduct upon which the plaintiff relies. In this regard I shall follow the numbering of the amended particulars of claim. Paragraph 7.1 – no love and affection [16] The first complaint is that the defendant did not show him love and affection. She would go out at night or not come home after work without letting him know and then stay out late. Often when he tried to contact her by cell phone, she would not return his calls. She would at times reject his embraces and kisses and say he should not even touch her. It was very hard for him because he is a loving person. She sometimes threatened to go out with other men.At times she would go out without him and return home late at night in a drunken state. [17] The defendant denied that she generally acted in this way.She testified that she is usually a loving person and that she demonstrated this to the plaintiff. It is also clear however, that the defendant at times became exasperated by the constant demands for attention sometimes displayed by the plaintiff. The evidence shows that the plaintiff seems to be a person who lacked self-confidence in his relationship with the defendant. He appears to need re-assurance upon re-assurance that he is important and loved. At times he came across as needy and clingy. Quite clearly this began to irritate the defendant, who seems to be more mature, independent and self-confident. The plaintiff clearly needed more attention than the defendant was able to give. As his counsel repeatedly put it to the defendant in different ways, she failed to fulfil the plaintiff’s needs.However, although this may be a de facto cause contributing to the failure of the marriage, it certainly is not an actionable cause de lege. [18] Another difficulty I have with the plaintiff’s evidence is that it is rather vague and general. He did not specify at what stage of their marital relationship this behaviour manifested or in what context.On the other hand, the defendant was able to state that she did at times refuse to give him love and affection when his demands were excessive and inappropriate, e.g. on the day when he kept calling her to tell him that she loved him or to put ointment on his lips while she was hosting a ladies day at their home and the plaintiff had broken his promise to absent himself in order to provide the female visitors with some privacy around the swimming pool. [19] Ultimately I am not able to conclude that the plaintiff proved that the defendant acted in the manner alleged with the malicious intent thereby to end the marriage. Paragraph 7.2 – acts of violence [20] His second complaint is that she acted violently towards him by assaulting him and damaging his personal belongings as a result of which he obtained a protection order against her. The defendant in her plea denied these allegations and pleaded that it was the plaintiff who assaulted her and that the plaintiff admitted in writing that he obtained a protection order without any basis and also withdrew the application. [21] In support of his complaint the plaintiff testified that she slapped him on various occasions and tore his clothes. Once she broke his watch and his glasses. On one occasion she chased him with a knife, on another occasion with a broom and sometimes she threw objects at him. I pause to note that the plaintiff did not link these general allegations to specific incidents, which would have provided some context to the allegations. This creates difficulty in properly assessing his claims. He said that he called the City Police on a number of occasions because of her behaviour. On three occasions he applied for a protection order, which was granted. In at least one of these cases (the last one) the result was that she had to move out of the common home. The defendant’s evidence is that the second order did not stipulate that she had to leave the house, but that the plaintiff convinced the police to put her out. This evidence was not directly disputed. It is also not clear how long she stayed away and when and under what circumstances she returned. [22] The defendant denied that she assaulted the plaintiff or damaged his property. She did admit that she once threw his watch on the floor after an altercation when the plaintiff without reason assaulted two of her colleagues and threw them out of the house. After the incident BK’s brother arrived at the house drunk and assaulted her while the plaintiff did nothing to protect her. In a fit of anger, frustration and humiliation she threw the watch on the floor to vent her emotions at the plaintiff. [23] It is common cause that the defendant took up karate during January 2010. The plaintiff testified that she is very fit and sometimes she would threaten her karate skills on him or even kick him.The defendant denied this and stated that they are taught never to use karate to start a fight and that the values of honour, discipline and respect for others are instilled in them. [24] The plaintiff acknowledged that there was an occasion when he broke the front door of their home open when the defendant had locked him out at night and was not answering her phone. When he got inside and confronted her about this, she threw a glass at him, whereupon he slapped her. He sustained cuts on his leg in the incident. The plaintiff’s witness BK testified that the plaintiff called him to the parties’ house one night because they were fighting. He observed that the plaintiff had a mark on his shoulder and that his leg was bleeding. The report made by plaintiff was to the effect that he had returned from a working trip to find that the defendant was having a party with her colleagues at their house. An argument and physical skirmish broke out between the spouses.When he arrived at the house, the defendant went to lock herself into the bedroom. The defendant denied such an incident took place.The evidence presented by the plaintiff in this regard is not satisfactory. From the differences in their descriptions, it is clear that the plaintiff and BK did not testify about the same event. The plaintiff never testified that there were two incidents during which he sustained bleeding wounds on his leg, so it cannot be a case that BK was testifying about a different incident. I do not know whether to choose the version by the plaintiff or the version by BK. In any event BK was not present when the fight was happening and was therefore not able to say who assaulted whom. [25] According to the plaintiff the withdrawal of the application for a protection order occurred in the following circumstances. It was on the first occasion of three that he brought such an application. As I understand it, an interim order was granted during June 2011 at about the time that he also instituted this action, but the defendant pleaded with him not to continue with the application and that they should work on their weaknesses. In this spirit they reached agreement and both attended at the magistrate’s court to sign the necessary documentation. He denied obtaining the order on a false basis. It seems that the plaintiff’s case was that the defendant beat him and threw objects at him when she came home drunk the previous evening. They had no sleep that night. The next day he did not want to give her a lift to town. She nevertheless got into the bakkie with him. He drove to the police station where it seems he parked the car for safety and then he went by taxi to the magistrate’s court to apply for the order. [26] The second application for a protection order arose during October 2011. The plaintiff packed in order to travel the next day. When the plaintiff came home she threw his clothes out of the bag, pushed him around the house and swore at him. The defendant’s version is that the plaintiff had packed his clothes into her bag and when she told him not to use her bag, he overreacted and some swearing occurred. The plaintiff then called his lawyer who advised him to obtain a protection order. She also phoned her lawyer who gave her the same advice. However, the plaintiff succeeded in lodging his application first. In this instance the violence, if any, does not appear to be serious and I also bear in mind that the parties were already litigating at that stage. [27] On the available evidence it is not clear on what evidence the third application for a protection order was based. [28] To sum up my impressions of the plaintiff’s complaint, I am of the view that, even if I accept on a generous interpretation of the plaintiff’s evidence that the defendant may at times have committed acts of some violence against the plaintiff during their numerous arguments and fights where either or both of them had been drinking, I am not able on the available evidence to conclude that these assaults were of such a nature and consistency that it can be concluded on a balance of probabilities that she had the malicious intent thereby to end the marriage. Paragraph 7.3 – abusive language [29] The plaintiff alleges that the defendant used abusive language towards him, which the defendant denies in her plea. Apart from general evidence concerning her swearing at him during arguments, the plaintiff did not deal with specifics, except that the defendant on several occasions abused him by saying that she had heard that he is a homosexual and that he sleeps with other men. The last occasion was after he obtained a protection order, but he did not say which protection order, which renders his evidence vague in this respect. I am not sure that it is necessarily abuse if a person states something which is, say, untrue or even hurtful, which they have heard from another source. I suppose it depends on the manner in which it is said and with what intention it is said.As the defendant did not deal with this issue in cross-examination or during her testimony, I accept that she did make such statements. If she made such statements to her husband in a taunting or negative way they could be seen to be malicious.As I understand it, at least on one of these occasions the statements were uttered during an argument or a conversation in which she also said that he should not call her ‘honey’, that he must just go, and that there are many other men who are interested in her. I am satisfied that the defendant probably intended to hurt the plaintiff in a manner calculated to drive him away or that she at least foresaw that her statement could have this effect but that she did not care. [30] However, the plaintiff continued to state that they ‘then’ requested the intervention of Dr Whittaker to counsel them. It is common cause that at this stage the parties put in a collective effort to save the marriage and that matters went well for about four months. As acts of marital cruelty can be condoned in actions based on constructive desertion, I am inclined not to give much weight to utterances of the nature being discussed which were made before the parties consulted Dr Whittaker. However, as I have indicated, the plaintiff did testify that the last of these statements was made when the defendant came home after he obtained a protection order against her, although he did not specify which of the three protection orders. Be that as it may, all three orders were made after the parties consulted Dr Whittaker. Given that the defendant has not countered the plaintiff’s evidence on the subject, I think it can be concluded that she made this last statement with the same intention as before. Paragraph 7.4 – stays out late without explanation [31] The plaintiff’s evidence about this aspect is that the defendant would often go out at night or not come home after work without informing him of her whereabouts and then stay out late. When he tried to contact her by cell phone, she would not return his calls.The defendant denied this evidence, stating that the plaintiff always knew where she was. There is no independent witness on this issue. Once again the plaintiff’s evidence is rather general without reference to specific incidents. Where he does mention a specific incident, the rest of the evidence shows that he knew where the defendant was, but that she did not always answer all his calls during the evening. Relevant examples are the baby shower event and the ladies day at their home. It is not possible for me to choose between either version. The result is that the plaintiff has not proved this misdemeanour on a balance of probabilities. Paragraph 7.5 - abuse of alcohol [32] The plaintiff alleges that the defendant abuses alcohol. He testified that she drank on a daily basis. She got free beer from her employer, which is a brewery. In his view she easily succumbed to peer pressure by socializing and drinking over weekends at the slightest invitation, leaving the plaintiff to care for the children.He presented evidence by his friend BK and his brother ST that whenever there were problems between the parties and they were called in to mediate or defuse the situation, the parties had had alcohol. ST also stated that whenever he visited them, the defendant was drinking beer. [33] The defendant admitted that she used alcohol at home and at social functions. It is common cause that by virtue of her work she must regularly taste beer for quality. Also, that her employer allowed employees to take up to three free cases of beer or soft drinks per month to distribute amongst friends and family for promotional purposes. While she sometimes made use of this benefit, she would often not take any free drinks, or would take only some soft drinks or a mixture of drinks. She denied however that she had an alcohol problem or that she made a habit of abusing alcohol. [34] During cross-examination the plaintiff highlighted transactions on her bank statements relating to purchases from bottle stores in an effort to demonstrate excessive purchases of alcohol. The defendant even pointed out some purchases which the plaintiff had missed. However, the only large purchases were on her birthdays when she had a party at home and on one occasion when they hosted a ladies day at their home. The average amount spent on alcohol over 6 years was about N$80 per month, which is very little. Sometimes months went by without any purchase, unless it was done in cash, which seems unlikely unless small amounts were involved. In my view this evidence does not provide support for the plaintiff’s allegation. [35] The reports by the clinical psychologist handed in by agreement between the parties as Exhibits “A” and “B” do not identify alcohol abuse as an actual problem although the plaintiff reported to Dr Gonzo that the defendant abused alcohol. Dr Gonzo states that the reports by the plaintiff that the defendant prepares a drink as soon as she walks into her house to unwind after a day’s work indicate signs of ‘functional alcoholism’.However, the expert herself found no signs that the defendant is an alcoholic or has alcohol dependence. [36] While I have no doubt that the defendant, as does the plaintiff, frequently enjoys a drink, the conclusion I have come to on an overview of all the available evidence is that the plaintiff has not proved the complaint of alcohol abuse against the defendant. Paragraph 7.6 – moved out of common bedroom [37] The plaintiff alleges in the amended particulars of claim that the defendant left the common bedroom on 6 May 2011 with the malicious intention to end the marriage. The defendant’s plea thereto is that she left the bedroom on 13 May 2011 as a result of the plaintiff’s rude behaviour towards her which made further co-habitation with him intolerable and unbearable. In evidence the plaintiff did not really give much detail about what prompted the defendant to move out and precisely what the circumstances were. The detail came more from her evidence, supported by witnesses, and from his evidence in denial of the allegations in her counterclaim as amplified by the further particulars. For reasons which will become apparent when I deal with the defendant’s amended counterclaim, I am of the view that the plaintiff did not prove that the defendant unlawfully left the bedroom with the fixed and settled intention to put an end to the marriage which renders her guilty of malicious desertion on this ground. Paragraph 7.7 – extra-marital affair with SE [38] The plaintiff testified that during December 2010 the defendant had her hair done one day for which the plaintiff paid. She returned home briefly and said that she was going to visit her brother. The plaintiff then said he would check on the children who were visiting his brother during the school holiday. About an hour later a friend named BK called to say that he had seen the defendant with another man and that they had driven away in a Prado vehicle. The plaintiff called the defendant on her phone, but she did not answer. He went looking for her in town and by chance saw their Mercedes Benz vehicle parked at the Zoo gardens. At about 22h30 the defendant arrived with the former second defendant (“SE”) in his vehicle.The plaintiff observed them kissing intimately and when he approached them, they sped off. He chased them all over town but to no avail. Later he returned home where the defendant also arrived later. She acted as if nothing had happened. When he confronted her she lied about the name of her companion, which the plaintiff found out was SE. [39] The defendant acknowledged in evidence that she had struck up a friendship with SE, whom she had met at her karate class. The allegedly agreed to meet to drive around that afternoon looking at second hand cars as she was intending to buy one. She admitted in the witness box that she lied about this to the plaintiff and that she pretended to be going to her brother.However, she said that the plaintiff was so jealous that he would have caused a scene if he knew what she was really doing. She denied that she was having an affair with SE and also that they had kissed intimately. In the last respect she was actually corroborated by the plaintiff’s witness BK, who was present with the plaintiff when the defendant and SE returned to her car. [40] The plaintiff’s version is that after this incident the defendant left the common home for three weeks ‘as she had found new love’. The defendant’s version is that the plaintiff told her to leave the house. He also said to her that he has moved on and that he has ‘an executive lady who is ready to move in with him’. [41] As I stated before, the plaintiff did not make clear allegations of adultery between the defendant and SE in the amended particulars of claim. The allegation is that there was an extra-marital relationship or affair. While this may mean an adulterous relationship, it is not always necessarily so. However, during the trial it became clear that the intention was to allege that the relationship was indeed adulterous. However, there is not sufficient evidence to prove that adultery has in fact taken place, although the indications are, in my view, that the relationship was probably not just the platonic relationship contended for by the defendant. [42] Having stated this, it seems to me, however, that the plaintiff cannot rely upon this incident. The evidence shows that, after the three week absence the defendant returned to the common home and the marital bed in January 2011. This occurred after the defendant indicated to the plaintiff that she was willing to return to him on three conditions, namely that he does not raise his hands against her again, that he consults a psychologist and that he does not act violently or raise his voice against her again. The parties made some effort to work through their problems with the help of a psychologist, Dr Whittaker. The plaintiff was advised to deal with his anger and emotions, to which he agreed. He complained about the defendant’s alleged alcohol problem and that she was showing him no love. After a few sessions he had the impression that the counselling was bringing no change to the defendant’s behaviour. He testified that the defendant insisted on following her own rules. The counselling was stopped. [43] In spite of this, the parties continued their efforts to heal their marriage.They embraced the opportunity to go on a trip together with the children to Zambia in a collective attempt to continue improving their relationship. The evidence shows that matters went well for some time, at least until about April 2011. The plaintiff testified that they last had sexual relations during May 2011 after which the defendant left the common bedroom on about 13/14 May 2011. The incident which directly precipitated this departure was the incident with the defendant’s two colleagues who were put out of the house by the plaintiff on about 13 May 2011. [44] As I see it, the plaintiff was prepared to take the defendant back and they resumed the marital relationship in full. By resuming normal marital relations in this way the plaintiff condoned the adultery he suspected that the defendant had committed and about which he was confident that she was lying. (See Hahlo, The South African Law of Husband and Wife, (4th ed) at p374-5). Even if the plaintiff’s case is that the defendant maliciously deserted him in a constructive manner by entering into this extra-marital relationship, the evidence shows that she offered to return, which he accepted and the marriage continued for over four months in relative harmony until two incidents occurred, for which, it seems to me, the plaintiff should bear the guilt.(I shall deal with these two incidents at a later stage when I consider the defendant’s counterclaim. For purposes of identification I merely refer to these as the grandfather’s 80th birthday and the day the plaintiff chased the defendant’s colleagues from the matrimonial home.) In these circumstances it seems to me that the plaintiff’s right to a divorce based on the defendant’s relationship with SE falls away (see Hahlo, supra, p404-405). The defendant’s amended counterclaim The plaintiff’s adultery [45] I now turn to the defendant’s amended counterclaim. It is convenient to first consider the claims of adultery. As stated before, the first claim is that the plaintiff was engaged in an adulterous relationship with a certain woman since May 2011, but that the defendant only found this out in November 2011. The plaintiff admits the adulterous relationship for the first time in his plea to the amended counterclaim. He denies, however, that the relationship started in May 2011. He alleges that he entered into the relationship around October 2011. Although he mentions that the Court should condone this adultery ‘for the reasons as set out in the particulars of claim’ he initially did not pray for such condonation.It is only after the Court had pointed this out on several occasions that a belated notice of amendment of the particulars of claim was filed to which the defendant did not object. As none of the parties had served the pleadings on the third party involved, her identity may not be disclosed, hence I refer to her as “X”. The defendant testified that she found out about this relationship, which the plaintiff admitted to her, in November 2011 when she read certain messages on the plaintiff’s cell phone.The defendant did not explain on what basis she alleges that the relationship already commenced in May 2011 and there is no other admissible evidence on record which supports the defendant’s allegation.In the circumstances the plaintiff’s version that the relationship commenced in October 2011 must be accepted. [46] The defendant’s evidence about the second claim of adultery is that she discovered certain written messages on the plaintiff’s cell phone which indicate that the plaintiff had been involved in another adulterous relationship with a woman named ND and that the relationship was continuing.The plaintiff admitted in evidence that he and ND had ‘feelings for each other’, but that ‘nothing has happened.’ He denies an adulterous relationship. The plaintiff was confronted during cross-examination with the content of one message dated 11 March 2012, which the plaintiff admitted was a message he wrote to ND. In this message he mentions his ardent desire for her and that he misses her in sexually explicit terms. While this message certainly does convey that they have engaged in erotic conduct, it does not necessarily convey that they had committed sexual intercourse. (See Cunningham v Cunningham 1952 (1) SA 167 (C)). As there is no other evidence of the circumstances in which the plaintiff and ND engaged in this conduct, it is not possible for this Court to make any inferences as to the probability of their having had sexual intercourse. I am, however, of the view that this conduct constitutes a ground for the defendant’s claim of constructive desertion. I also find that the plaintiff was not entirely honest about the degree of intimacy between him and ND. [47] In regard to adultery Hahlo, supra, states the following at p : ‘Adultery on the plaintiff’s part, unless condoned or connived at by the defendant, is a complete defence to an action for divorce on the ground of malicious desertion. This holds true not only where it was the adultery that caused the defendant to leave the plaintiff but also where the defendant, ignorant at the time of the adultery, left the plaintiff for other reasons, or where the adultery was committed by the plaintiff after the defendant’s departure. For even where the defendant’s original desertion was not caused by it, the plaintiff’s adultery justifies the defendant in staying away.’ [48] The defendant never amended her plea to include the adultery by the plaintiff as a defence. She only relies on it as a ground for divorce in her amended counterclaim. However, in the light thereof that the adultery is admitted, it seems to me that the counterclaim should be upheld on this ground, unless the plaintiff’s prayer for condonation for his adultery is granted.In this regard the true position was set out in Peila v Peila 1972 (1) SA 399 (A) at 407D-F: ‘Though it is no doubt a convenient phrase to use, in speaking of the Court's discretion in matrimonial proceedings, that it may 'condone' a party's adultery - the word 'condonation' is also used in Rule 18 (8) of the Rules of Court - it is clear that a Court does not, in the exercise of its discretion, 'condone' - in any of the recognised senses of that word - a party's adultery. The adultery remains as a fact and it remains unlawful. Whatever the Court does, it does not overlook or treat as non-existent the adultery of the other spouse, and it does not extinguish a defence or cause of action based on such adultery. The Court merely weighs up the matrimonial misconduct of the one spouse against that of the other and decides whose conduct was the more blameworthy or caused the break-up of the marriage. It may then grant relief to a party even though that party has been guilty of adultery. But whether a Court would do so, would necessarily depend upon the peculiar facts of each case as determined at the trial.’ (This dictum was also applied in Valindi v Valindi 2009 (2) NR 504 (HC) at 514 para [21]). [49] Before I consider whether the plaintiff’s adultery should be condoned, I should therefore consider the matrimonial misconduct of the one spouse against the other. In order to do this, I should look more closely at the other grounds for the defendant’s amended counterclaim. In this regard I shall follow the numbering used in the pleadings. Paragraph 2.1 – physical abuse of the defendant and her daughter [50] The physical abuse relating to the defendant’s daughter relates to incidents during 2005 and 2009 when the plaintiff allegedly slapped her once and spurted water in her face. These incidents occurred very long ago and are not of major significance. I shall not spend more time on them. [51] According to the defendant, the plaintiff hit and kicked her for the first time on 11 December 2010.On this day she hosted a ladies day at their home for some of her female colleagues. The day had been planned far in advance and as the function would be in the nature of a swimming pool party, she secured the plaintiff’s promise that he would not be at home so that her guests would feel comfortable moving about in their swimming attire with no men around. However, on the day he was at home for most of the day and disrupted the affair by calling her every 10 minutes to do something for him, like having to tell him that she loves him or having to put Vaseline on his lips.Eventually he left to spend the evening elsewhere. At about 21h00 the defendant’s guests left and she went to bed at 22h00. At about midnight the plaintiff returned, broke the security door with a pickaxe and then broke the glass of the front door to let himself in. The defendant thought that someone was breaking in and locked herself in the bedroom. He broke open the bedroom door. She locked herself into the bathroom, the door of which he also tried to open. When she finally opened the door, he hit her in the face, she fell down and he started kicking her. She ran into the street in only her underwear. Realising this, she came back into the house to make an emergency call. The plaintiff grabbed the house phone from her and was frantically looking for her cell phone. He dragged her further into the house and kicked her. He was angry and drunk and wanted her to confess that she was going out with other men. He kept questioning her about this during the night until the next day when some relatives were called to discuss the matter and eventually, rather reluctantly it seems, they resolved to make peace. [52] The plaintiff’s version is the same in certain respects. He testified that he left earlier and said that the agreement was that the defendant would call him when the guests had left, but she did not do so. He waited for her to call and eventually returned home quite late to find that he was locked out and the defendant not answering the phone. He even called the fire brigade to come and open the house, but before they came he succeeded in breaking open the security bars and the front door with a pickaxe, all of which seems somewhat extreme. His explanation is that he was worried, anything could have happened, for example the defendant could have committed suicide. I really find this explanation hard to believe. It is much more probable that he was indeed under the influence of alcohol and angry with the defendant because she had not called him, had locked him out and did not answer her phone. [53] He also denied any assault. In light of the other evidence about his jealousy and the defendants’ evidence that he was looking for her phone and her evidence about him pestering her afterwards to confess, I rather think that he was suspicious and wanted to check for evidence of any involvement with another man.Bearing in mind that this incident happened shortly a few days before the incident with SE, perhaps he had some reason to be suspicious. When he finally succeeded in gaining access to the bathroom, I think it more probable than not that he indeed assaulted the defendant. Although the full details of this event were not put to the plaintiff while he was being cross-examined, but emerged during the defendant’s evidence-in-chief, I think the plaintiff had opportunity to deal with the most important of them. [54] I am, apart from the probabilities, inclined to believe the defendant that she was indeed assaulted. She made a point in her testimony to emphasize that it was on this occasion that the plaintiff assaulted her for the first time and that she still bears the marks of the kicks on her body. If she wanted to lie about this, there were plenty of other incidents to which she could have intermingled fiction with fact, yet she did not do so. The inherent probabilities also favour her version. Furthermore, it is common cause that the ladies day was held only a few days before the incident with SE, where after she left the common home for three weeks, just to return upon condition that the plaintiff does not assault her again, act violently again and undergoes psychological therapy for his anger. This evidence the plaintiff did not dispute. This indicates, to my mind that there was truth in the factual basis for the conditions she set. I also think it more probable than not that she would have set conditions about recent and/or repeated behaviour rather than about something that never happened, or that happened a long time before. [55] If the plaintiff did not intend to drive her away by his behaviour on that night, he must have understood that, if the conditions were not adhered to, he ran the risk of breaking up the marriage. [56] It is against this background that two further incidents should be assessed. The first is an incident which occurred when the parties attended upon the traditional homestead of the defendant’s relatives on the occasion of her grandfather’s 80th birthday in April 2011. She testified that she and the plaintiff travelled there by car. On the way the plaintiff made a point of asking whether she would be giving him attention while they were visiting her family. She was very surprised as they had been in frequent contact during the time before while the plaintiff was working in Zambia and they had also gone together on the Zambian trip. She pointed this out to him as well as that they had no major problems to give him reason to be concerned about receiving attention from her. While they were moving about greeting their elders at the village, he again called her aside to ask why she was not giving him attention. She replied that she did not know what he was talking about as they were together all the time. He became angry and drove off into the direction from which they had come. She started walking towards her mother’s homestead. The plaintiff turned the vehicle around and came driving alongside her. He said that she was very hard headed and that he was tired of her nonsense. They both came to a standstill. She asked whether he intended leaving her there when he drove off earlier, to which he answered affirmatively. She then took the key from the ignition and said that he would not be leaving her at the village.He got out of the vehicle and slapped her. She started running back towards her grandfather’s homestead. The plaintiff followed her, got hold of her and started to punch her while they were lying on the ground. She screamed and family members came to assist. They were separated, but the plaintiff kept trying to get hold of her purse and the key. Eventually the plaintiff was taken to one homestead and the defendant to another to calm down, as she was hysterical. The next morning her mother spoke to both of them to try to reconcile them. They agreed to be on speaking terms because they did not want to spoil the birthday party. [57] The defendant mentioned this incident for the first time during her evidence-in-chief. No details regarding this incident were put to the plaintiff during cross-examination. Counsel for the plaintiff’s stance was that, for this reason, the defendant could not rely on this evidence. The plaintiff also did not deny any of this evidence during cross-examination. In my view the onus was on the defendant to prove this incident. As the plaintiff did not touch upon this incident during his case, it would have been open to him to present rebutting evidence on this issue. This he did not do. As such the defendant’s evidence stands. [58] In any event, when the defendant’s brother AK testified about the same incident, he corroborated her that the defendant was lying on the ground with the plaintiff on top of her, beating her. This version was not pertinently denied on behalf of the plaintiff during cross-examination.It was only put to AK that he arrived a day later than the parties because of car problems. The implication is that he could not have witnessed the event. This AK adamantly denied and added that he was second in command of all the arrangements and that there was no way that he could arrive a day late. AK generally impressed me as a witness. He appeared to give his evidence in an objective manner and I am inclined to believe him. [59] Shortly after this incident, on 13 May 2011 the plaintiff telephoned the defendant to come over to his new place of employment to have look at his office. She could not do so because she had an emergency at work which required her attention. When she left work at about 19h00, two of her colleagues, EK (male) and GU (female), asked for a lift because there were no taxis available at that time. They drove to Game to buy a pizza for the defendant’s daughter who was at home and from there they drove to her home. The arrangement was that GU’s boyfriend would shortly pick her and EK up from there. They all arrived at the parties’ home at about 19h30, which was the same time that the plaintiff also arrived with their son in the car. [60] Once all were inside, the plaintiff called the defendant into the bedroom and asked what her colleagues were doing there. She replied that they were waiting for G’s boyfriend who would be arriving soon. The plaintiff was evidently not satisfied with this explanation, because he went to the TV room where he slapped EK in the face and pushed him outside the house and the main gate into the street. There he pushed EK who fell on his hands and knees. In the meantime the defendant’s daughter, who was witnessing the whole incident, had burst into tears and was crying and calling the defendant, who then came outside to try to contain the plaintiff. However, he was picking up stones in the street to throw at the defendant, who then went inside to call her brother. The plaintiff then returned to the house and started pushing GU outside as well by roughly pushing her against her head. He then locked the defendant inside the house. Shortly after GU’s boyfriend arrived and found her in the street, crying. When the plaintiff saw the boyfriend’s car, he went outside and started kicking the car’s tyres. Meanwhile defendant’s brother AK had also arrived. According to AK, the plaintiff also kicked the car door and wanted to know why they are looking at his house and told them to leave. The result was that GU’s boy friend took a base ball bat from the vehicle and brandishing this, chased the plaintiff around the car until he left. [62] AK asked the plaintiff to also call a relative so that the matter could be sorted out. No relative was available, but BK’s younger brother, RK, arrived. He was drunk and started to assault the defendant by hitting her in the face with his fist while the plaintiff did nothing to protect the defendant. The defendant was hurt and swollen in the face. She later laid a charge of assault against RK, who pleaded guilty. Her colleague ER also laid a charge against the plaintiff, but nothing came of it and ER eventually did not pursue the matter any further. [63] The next day the defendant moved out of the common bedroom because she found the plaintiff’s behaviour intolerable. Since then their relationship never really improved and they never had sexual relations again. AK also removed the defendant’s daughter from the house because of the plaintiff’s violent behaviour. She only returned in November 2011. [64] During cross-examination by counsel for the defendant, the plaintiff gave a version of this incident which does not accord in all respects with his later version. He said that he called her before his normal working day ended to say that he would be working late, to which she said that she was going home. He then decided not to work late after all. He went home and spent time with the children. The defendant actually only arrived with her colleagues at around 21h30. They were all drunk. He therefore ‘chased’ them out of the house as they were not a good example to the children. One of her colleagues then wanted to assault him. The defendant then called her family and he called his friend as there was a lot of commotion at the house. The defendant then assaulted his friend RK by beating him with a broom. A fight started between them, but RK did not assault the defendant. [65] In the version that was put to the defendant, he agreed that the defendant and her colleagues arrived at about 19h30. He agreed that he called the defendant into the bedroom, but stated that he asked her to tell them to leave, as it was family time and they were all drunk. To this the defendant allegedly replied that she would not do so, her friends are staying. He then went into the lounge and told her colleagues to leave his house. They refused. It was not directly put to the defendant how the plaintiff succeeded in getting her colleagues out of the house, but it was suggested that if he pushed them, why did they not leave? The defendant denied his version, but could not conclusively state that her colleagues did not refuse to leave. She stated that she does not think they refused. As I understand it, she was not quite in the room with the plaintiff when he entered from the bedroom to confront them. Her tentative denial to my mind tends to indicate that she was not intent upon falsely making up a story to put the plaintiff in a bad light. [66] The defendant called ER, GU and AK as witnesses on this incident. ER essentially confirmed the defendant’s testimony up to the stage that the plaintiff left him in the street. His version is that the plaintiff did not first ask him to leave. He added that the plaintiff kept saying that he should get out of his house, that the plaintiff also threw stones at him, that he ran away and found a taxi. He sustained an open wound on his hand, his jeans were torn, his knee was scabbed and his face was swollen and painful. It was put to him during cross-examination that the plaintiff had informed him and GU that he does not want them at his house that late and that they should leave, but that they refused.This was denied. [67] Ordinarily I would agree with the argument submitted on behalf of the plaintiff that it is improbable for a person to just assault his wife’s guests and to put them out without any request to them personally that they should leave. The evidence in this case has shown the plaintiff to be a person who expressed his emotions, especially anger, in extreme ways on a number of occasions. I am not as confused as EK admitted he was at the plaintiff’s unexpected behaviour. In any event, I think that it is improbable that the defendant’s colleagues, who hardly knew the plaintiff, would have refused outright to comply with what was not an unreasonable request, bearing in mind that they were not on their own turf, so to speak. As GU testified, if he had only asked her to wait outside she would have done that. She also testified that she told him that it was not necessary to get physical with her, she would leave by herself, but he did not listen and pushed her even in the street. [68] What is of note is that the fact that ER was assaulted was not denied. The only denial was that he was not dragged out of the house, but pushed, which ER conceded. No cross-examination was directed at the slapping or the stone throwing. [69] ER made a good impression on me. He did not seem to be intent to merely cast the plaintiff in a bad light, but simply and concisely gave his evidence. In fact, it is clear that the event was quite traumatic to him, who seems like a sensitive, decent and mild mannered person. He clearly preferred not to be reminded of the humiliating manner in which he was removed from the parties’ house. I accept his evidence without reservation. [70] GU, who also testified about other aspects of the defendant’s case, was clearly biased in favour of the defendant with whom she is also good friends. She knew much about the case and the evidence that had been tendered at various stages. Clearly the defendant had been discussing her personal affairs and the case with her. She made many assumptions in her testimony and tended to run away with herself, so to speak. She was in several respects not a satisfactory witness.Nevertheless, I did not have the impression that she was deliberately untruthful. As far as the incident on 13 May is concerned, her evidence seems truthful and is supported by that of ER and AK in all material respects.She also stated that the plaintiff did not first ask them to leave. She said that if he had done so she would have complied because they had no right to impose themselves on him. [71] To sum up, it is clear that, after this incident the defendant, who was hugely embarrassed by the plaintiff’s gross behaviour, and disillusioned by his failure to protect her while being assaulted by his friend in their home, had had enough and moved out of the common bedroom. The plaintiff had, by his conduct on 13 May and at her grandfather’s birthday celebrations, clearly taken the risk that she would leave him by ending full marital co-habitation. Paragraph 2.2 and paragraph 2.6 – the plaintiff obtained ‘false’ protection orders against the defendant [72] What the defendants meant by ‘false’ is that the applications for these orders were based on false grounds. The plaintiff disputes that the grounds were false. I have already dealt with some aspects of the evidence about the applications and the orders made. The evidence by both parties is unclear and unsatisfactory in many respects. It is not possible for me to properly assess these allegations as a proper evidentiary basis was not really laid. In the circumstances my finding is that these allegations were not proved on a balance of probabilities. Paragraph 2.3 – the plaintiff is excessively jealous of the defendant [73] The defendant testified that one of the major causes of problems in the marriage was the excessive jealousy displayed by the plaintiff. Even before the marriage when she moved to Windhoek, the plaintiff insisted that all calls to her cell phone be diverted to his phone. Whenever a male person called, including her colleagues, he would interrogate them about the reason why they were calling her. This caused her embarrassment, especially at work and she ended this arrangement. [74] The defendant cited several examples of the plaintiff’s unreasonably extreme jealousy by giving details of specific incidents. All these incidents concerned situations where some man was either paying attention to the defendant, or paid her a compliment or flirted with her in some way. There is no evidence that the defendant was deliberately elicited the attention or was playing along. For example, he regularly read the messages on her cell phone, as I understand it, without her permission. When during 2008 he saw a message on her cell phone from a certain former colleague (called N) which stated that it was good to see her again after some time, he became very angry. He insisted that the defendant should take him to another colleague’s house who knew where N was staying. From there she understood that the plaintiff and this colleague went to N’s house to confront him. What happened further is hearsay. The plaintiff then reported the matter to N’s human resources manager and demanded that he should be dismissed because he was harassing his wife. This again caused much embarrassment to the defendant, who holds a senior position and who is held in high esteem by her employer and colleagues. The defendant’s version is that the message was more romantic in nature than the defendant testified, which she denied, and that he did not report the matter to the employer. However, when the defendant testified, it was not denied that the plaintiff had complained to the employer’s human resources manager. [75] Another incident occurred during 2009 at a family fun day organised by her employer. A strange man paid her a compliment to which the plaintiff took exception. The plaintiff overreacted and pushed this man around. Eventually other people had to separate the plaintiff from this man. The plaintiff’s version is that the stranger was drunk and pestering the defendant, which was denied. [76] The defendant, corroborated by her brother AK, also testified about an incident in May 2010 when the parties attended a family gathering where funeral arrangements were being made for a relative who had passed away. At the meeting a certain man who the plaintiff did not know, but who was actually a relative of the defendant’s brother AK, invited her to sit on his lap and pulled her towards him. She declined and went to sit next to the plaintiff. The plaintiff started complaining about the man and regardless of explanations that the man did not know that the defendant was married, assaulted the man by throwing a full bottle of wine at him. Matters escalated and the man had to be kept away from the plaintiff who took ages to calm down. The defendant’s family was very upset with the plaintiff for causing an embarrassment at such an occasion. The plaintiff stated he actually threw an empty glass at the man. Regardless of the object which was used, I agree that his behaviour was quite excessive and unacceptable. During testimony the plaintiff gave an absurd reason for his behaviour, stating that women are assaulted and raped and he wanted to defend his wife. Clearly she was in no danger. [77] The defendant testified that the plaintiff was obsessive. He would pester her to know what men like her or want her, and when she told him, he would confront the man the next time he encountered him.Later she did not want to mention anything about a male friend or colleague for fear that the plaintiff would accost the person or embarrass her further. [78] The plaintiff denied being jealous at all. He pointed to the fact that he spent much money on her so that she could dress and groom herself well to look beautiful and so that she could drive a smart car. He questioned why he would do that if he was jealous. However, it seems to me that all this was fine as long as no one else paid attention to her but him and that he actually wanted to flatter himself by making his wife look good. All the incidents cited by the defendant to my mind indicate that the plaintiff was indeed excessively jealous and that he tended to react in extreme and obsessive ways when the green monster crossed his path. Although I accept that the plaintiff had reason to be jealous when he discovered the defendant’s relationship with SE, his behaviour that day also indicates extreme overreaction. Apart from the car chase which exasperated even his friend BK, this includes the plaintiff throwing away the defendant’s karate uniform, her national tracksuit, her karate certificate and gold medal because SE did karate with her. This evidence by the defendant was never disputed. I have no doubt that excessive jealousy frequently fuelled his anger and led him to behave in many instances in a way which can only be called an embarrassing spectacle. Paragraph 2.4 – falsely accusing defendant of extra-marital affair with another man [79] These accusations relate to the relationship with SE. I have already dealt with this aspect. The defendant herself fuelled the plaintiff’s suspicions by her dishonest behaviour. While it is not possible to say exactly what the nature of this relationship was, it is clear that it was not innocent.I do not think that the plaintiff can be blamed for his accusations at the time. Even if it could be said that the accusations went too far, I do not think they were calculated to unlawfully put an end to the marriage. Paragraph 2.5 – verbal denigration of the defendant in the presence of the minor child, family and colleagues [80] Upon request by the plaintiff the defendant provided further particulars regarding these allegations. The admissible evidence on record does not deal with these allegations as amplified by the further particulars. It is therefore not proved. Paragraph 2.6 – emotional abuse [81] The defendant gave evidence about some of the incidents mentioned in further particulars provided. These include the plaintiff’s behaviour on the day of the ladies pool party by demanding her constant attention; his pestering that night that she should confess going out with other men; his boasting that there was an executive lady ready to move in with him, his locking her out at night and forcing her to sleep in her car; the throwing away of her karate things; and making a false application for a protection order in June 2011. I have dealt with these aspects before in the judgment. Subject to any reservations and findings about the evidence already expressed, it seems to me that this behaviour did constitute emotional abuse. The plaintiff’s conduct in this respect mainly formed part and parcel of the angry and extreme behaviour described above. I do not think that the defendant condoned this abuse when she moved back to the common home during January 2011. Any condonation was clearly conditional upon his behaviour changing for the better in the long term, which did not occur. Final assessment of the parties’ claims [82] As I indicated before, I left adjudication of paragraph of the plaintiff’s claim until I have considered the evidence produced by the defendant in defence of this claim, alternatively in support of her claim against the plaintiff. As is evident from the discussion of this evidence, I am of the view that the plaintiff failed to prove that the defendant unlawfully left the common bedroom with the malicious and fixed intent to end the marriage. Indeed, in my view she succeeded in proving that it was the plaintiff that drove her to this action by his unlawful conduct maliciously aimed at ending the marriage. [83] The plaintiff does, to my mind, have a case against the defendant based on paragraph 7.3 of his amended particulars of claim. The question now arises whether he should be allowed to succeed on this claim in spite of his adultery. [84] The main considerations which ordinarily play a role in the exercise of a court’s discretion to condone a plaintiff’s adultery are discussed as follows in Hahlo, supra, at 370-371: ‘The two main considerations which will influence the court in deciding whether the plaintiff’s adultery should be condoned are, first, the respective blameworthiness if the parties; secondly, ‘the interest of the community at large, to be judged by maintaining a true balance between respect for the binding sanctity of marriage and the social considerations which make it contrary to public policy to insist on the maintenance of a union which has utterly broken down’. Under the first heading, the court will consider whether the moral guilt of the spouses is so disparate that the plaintiff cannot be said to be in equal guilt with the defendant (the so-called ‘comparative rectitude’ test, as it is called in America.) Under the second one, factors such as the interests of the children of the marriage, the possibility of reconciliation between the spouses, and the interests of the plaintiff and his paramour, with special regard to the prospect of their marrying respectably if the marriage between the plaintiff and the defendant is dissolved, will be taken into account. The court is in no way fettered in the exercise of its discretion.’ [85] To the factors as mentioned by Hahlo may be added the interests of any children born from the adulterous relationship who may be legitimized if a plaintiff is permitted to marry his or her lover. (See Ex parte F 1962 (1) SA 48 (SR) at 49E-F;H). [86] Having considered the all the evidence it is clear to my mind that, although both parties have succeeded in proving some parts of the claims, the bulk of the blameworthy conduct must squarely be placed on the plaintiff’s shoulders. Under the first heading mentioned by Hahlo the plaintiff therefore fails. [87] The plaintiff prays for condonation for the adulterous relationship, saying that the marriage had broken down; that he was not getting any love and had not had sexual intercourse with the defendant for some time.In these circumstances he sought comfort and love from this relationship, which ended at the end of January or beginning of February 2012. However, in the amended particulars of claim he alleges that the relationship ended in April 2012. This discrepancy was not clarified, but the plaintiff did testify that N knew that he was also seeing this woman. He was involved with N at least during March 2012. From this I infer that the adulterous relationship was still continuing during March 2012. [88] During argument Mr Small on behalf of the defendant submitted that the plaintiff’s adultery should not be condoned. He pointed to the fact that the adultery was committed while the defendant was still living in the common home (although not in the common bedroom). [89] Although the defendant alleged that the adulterous relationship started in May 2011, there is no evidence that this is indeed so. I think the version of the plaintiff that it commenced in September 2011 must be accepted. Mr Small mentioned certain evidence of a photograph taken during January 2011 on the plaintiff’s cell phone which showed that adultery was involved. It is not clear that X was involved or how this fits in with the allegation that the relationship started in May 2011. This evidence is confusing. It was not presented in any detail and the photograph was also not handed in. I think this evidence must be disregarded. [90] Mr Small also submitted that the plaintiff was not honest as he did not disclose the adultery in his summons and pray for condonation as required by rule 18(8). He only admitted the adultery in his plea filed on 21 May 2012 after the defendant alleged it in her amended counterclaim filed on 26 April 2012. Counsel referred to the view expressed by Hahlo, supra, at p371-372 that ‘Failure to make disclosure would presumably be a factor that might cause the court to refuse to exercise its discretion in the plaintiff’s favour.’ [91] However, it must be taken into consideration that the plaintiff already instituted action against the defendant on 8 July 2011. At that time the adulterous relationship had not yet commenced. Although the plaintiff had an ongoing duty in terms of the court rules to disclose the adultery by amending his particulars of claim, it is not clear on the evidence that the plaintiff was aware of this duty. This issue was not canvassed. When his plea to the amended counterclaim was filed, it included a paragraph which reads: ‘The Defendant pleads that Condonation should be granted for the aforesaid adulterous relationship for the reasons set out in his Particulars of Claim filed herewith, the contents whereof are incorporated by reference as if specifically repeated herein.’I assume the intention of the drafter was to refer to amended particulars of claim or to a notice to amend as there are no reasons for condonation pleaded in the particulars of claim. There was also no notice of amendment filed at that stage. This was the task of his lawyers. I do not think that the blame for this state of affairs should be laid at the plaintiff’s door in the sense that I should find that he personally and deliberately failed to disclose the adultery at the earliest reasonable opportunity. [92] When taking into regard the considerations under the second heading mentioned by Hahlo there is in my view little in favour of granting condonation. The plaintiff is no longer involved with X and has expressed no intention of marrying her. There are no children to be legitimized. A refusal to condone the adultery will not have the effect of saving the marriage as the defendant will then succeed on her counterclaim. [93] I am also not impressed by the reasons for condonation advanced by the plaintiff. He testified that the marriage had already broken down by the time he became involved with X. This may be so, but he played the major role in causing the breakdown. Also, he was still involved with X when he embarked on the next relationship with N with whom he was sexually intimate even though adultery as such could not be proved. The impression I have is that he was promiscuous with little regard for the fact that he was still married. Furthermore, the plaintiff did not testify in a forthright manner about the duration of the adulterous relationship and about the degree of intimacy with ND. In these circumstances I have difficulty in granting condonation for what was unlawful conduct even if it is taken into account that it probably was difficult and embarrassing to be honest in all respects. It was stated in Ex parte F (at 50E-F) that, ‘The exercise of the Court's discretion in these matters is not a bare formality. The Court must be satisfied that it is in the public interest that its discretion should be so exercised .....’.Bearing in mind all the circumstances it would, in my view, not be in the public interest to condone the plaintiff’s adultery. [94] Although the defendant did not pray for a final order of divorce based on adultery in her counterclaim, Mr Small submitted that in the circumstances of this case a final order should be given without a restitution order. Counsel for the plaintiff raised no objection. Although this is unusual, I agree that, as the plaintiff admits the adultery, which the Court has not condoned, and as the parties have been living apart for about 20 months in a marriage which has broken down completely and as they clearly have no intention of resuming the marriage, a final order should be granted in favour of the defendant. Custody and control [95] Although the defendant succeeds with her claim for divorce, it of course does not necessarily follow that she should succeed in her claim for custody and control of the minor child. This matter must be determined on the basis of the best interests of the child. [96] At this stage I wish to note that when the plaintiff instituted action against the defendant in July 2011, he did not claim custody and control, but pleaded that it is in the interests of the child that custody and control be awarded to the defendant, subject to his right of reasonable access. This remained the position through all the case management and pre-trial procedures. However, on the first day of the trial the plaintiff made an attempt to contest the issue of custody in spite of the pre-trial order and without applying for leave to amend his pleadings. After argument he instructed his counsel to continue on the basis of the pleadings. However, during the trial the parties agreed that it would be best to obtain a custody report by an expert in order to assist the Court in finally determining the matter. The plaintiff was also given leave to amend his particulars of claim by claiming custody and control. [97] The parts of the plaintiff’s evidence which are relevant to the issue of custody may be summarized as follows. He throughout emphasized the special bond between him and his son. He made appoint of telling the Court that the child was conceived during the defendant’s visit to him in the USA. He was an involved father-to-be during the pregnancy and the first to hold his son after birth. He told the Court that he loves to cook and often prepared meals for the family, but more so because the defendant was very frequently absent from home in the evenings, often returning in the early hours of the morning usually under the influence of alcohol. He complained that the defendant was hardly there for the children and her frequent absences from home upset them. She seldom cooked for them and left this task to the plaintiff. She did not encourage good habits, like going to bed at the right time, not to watch television until late and to do homework. [98] The plaintiff knows the daughter since she was three years old and raised her as his own. He testified about his love for both the children. He enjoys taking them out to treat them to a restaurant meal or to buy a toy. He loves cooking for them and spending time with them. Sometimes he helps prepare their lunch boxes for school. The defendant did not really take care of this and would require the daughter to do the lunches. The plaintiff said it was disheartening to look at what was inside them, for example unbuttered bread. He felt that the defendant did not really care. Often he would buy clothes for them or take the daughter to buy something for herself. [99] He described how he taught the children to wash the dishes and to tidy up. He grew up in a home where all the children helped with household chores, including washing and ironing and he wanted to instil the same kind of work ethic and ability to care for themselves in the children. However, it seems that the defendant did not really care about this. Often she would not check if the washing was done and whether they had clean clothes for the coming school week. The plaintiff was the one who asked about that. He complained that she does not make the bed or irons. If she does iron, she does not do so properly, but irons on the bed. [100] The plaintiff was supported to some extent by the evidence of his friend BK, who made a good impression on me and gave his evidence in a fair and balanced manner. He testified that the plaintiff took the leading role in running the household and was a loving father to both children. He also said that the plaintiff likes to cook and regularly prepared meals for the children while the defendant was absent. In his view the plaintiff did more than the normal father would do. He would often take the children out to restaurants, the movies or to sporting events. He took a keen interest in the defendant’s daughter’s education and regularly attended parent teacher meetings at school, while he never saw the defendant there. He often spoke to the defendant about the fact that she left the running of the household to the plaintiff, but her attitude was that it is her life and she follows her own rules. [101] The plaintiff’s brother ST also confirmed that he has often found the plaintiff alone at home with the children or met theme when they were driving about without the defendant He testified that the plaintiff took good care of them and did more than is customarily expected of Herero speaking fathers. [102] On one occasion he noticed that the children’s appearance was not neat and clean when they came from the defendant to visit the plaintiff. The defendant provided some evidence to counter this. In any event, evidence about appearance on the one occasion does not establish a pattern of neglect or poor care. [103] The defendant readily admitted during her testimony that the plaintiff is a good parent and that there is a very good relationship between father and son. She just found it astonishing that the plaintiff did not make any effort to call or visit his son during the period August – November 2011 when she and the son were staying at her brother’s house after she was forced to leave the matrimonial home because of the protection order. He also did not pay any maintenance. Although the plaintiff testified that he loved her daughter as his own, he made no effort to call or visit her during the period May – November 2011. From May – September 2011 the plaintiff also did not visit his son after the defendant was put out of the marital home the last time. She stated that the plaintiff only took the son to stay with him for the home visit by Dr Gonzo. The visit lasted three weeks. She testified that the plaintiff invited both children to visit him during the December 2012 school holiday as Dr Gonzo was of the view that it would be beneficial to also include the daughter. She then visited for two weeks and the boy visited the plaintiff for the whole holiday. The defendant confirmed that there is indeed a very close relationship between the son and the daughter. Since January 2013 the plaintiff did not see the boy for about two months. [104] The defendant seemed to admit that she did not cook much, although she sometimes did and the plaintiff complimented her food. She rather employed someone to do the cooking, cleaning and ironing. Her brother AK, who she called as a witness, confirmed that the housekeeping, especially the ironing, was an issue between the parties which led to some arguments and dissatisfaction. [105] She described her relationship with her son as very loving and pointed out that she had to be a mother and father to the children for many months because the plaintiff did not take them for visits. She stated that when they had to live with her family the children had to sleep on the floor, which made them miserable. She denied being an irresponsible mother and said that she feeds and clothes them and takes good care of them. When it was put to her that her daughter’s scholastic performance has suffered because of her poor parenting, she denied this. She acknowledged that the daughter has psychological and learning problems, but that she has been undergoing remedial training and receiving expert assistance to improve her performance. The plaintiff did not deny this. [106] Dr E A Gonzo, a clinical psychologist, prepared two reports which were most helpful in many respects. The first report, dated 9 October 2012, deals with the circumstances of the parties and focuses mainly on the minor child, but also includes some details about the defendant’s minor daughter. At the time the report was drawn up the parties’ son was 5 years and 4 months old. The report notes that both children were exposed to the constant conflicts and arguments between the parents and also witnessed physical fights between them. They witnessed their mother being ordered on several occasions by the police to leave the common home as a result of the plaintiff having obtained a protection order against her; and the emotional breakdown of both parents a times. The children were disrupted by their having to move from the house, as the defendant refused to leave them behind. [107] After the last occasion they moved into a two bedroom house which the defendant shares with a live-in nanny and a dog. As the nanny occupies the one bedroom, they all sleep in the other bedroom. I pause to note that this set up is certainly not ideal, but I assume that it is an interim arrangement until the case if finalized and the estate divided. The report notes that Dr Gonzo visited the house once, that it is cramped, although clean and pleasant looking and that the home environment seemed cold, empty and gloomy. As I understand it, this is partly attributable to the fact that both the defendant and her son displayed signs of depression during the home visit, which signs were also observable during therapy sessions. The boy also appeared to be anxious, sad, moody and irritated during the visit. [108] She also visited the marital home to meet with the plaintiff and his son on one occasion. During this visit the child was playing with what appeared to be an expensive toy car. He came across as very relaxed and obviously enjoying his gift. The plaintiff was cooking dinner for them. The atmosphere seemed relaxed homely calm and full of laughter. The boy seemed to be happy with his father and it was clear that they enjoyed a very close relationship. He was not as clingy as at his mother’s house. [109] The home was neat and clean. It consists of two lounges, a dining area, study, kitchen, three bedrooms and an outside flat. The son’s room was decorated with his favourite cartoon. [110] Dr Gonzo makes the, with respect, valid point in her report that the plaintiff was not exposed to the adjustments and stresses that come with having to move house and that the child was back in his old environment where he grew up. Although one has to bear in mind that the plaintiff had to re-furnish and decorate much of the house after the defendant left with most of the furniture, it seems to me that it was probably easier for the plaintiff to create a favourable impression in the circumstances. [111] Dr Gonzo stated the following in her report: ‘From an external point of view (as observed during the house visits), he seemed to function very well on his own when in the comfort of his home (where the father resides), exhibiting traits of independence and maturity. However, he again was clingy, irritable and moody when observed with his mother at the house that they are renting with his mother, sister and nanny. It’s imperative that I highlight the fact that ..... [the child] appears and behave (sic) plus/minus two years younger than his age. The latter can be attributed to the trauma of his parent’s divorce which seems to have caused a regression in ‘age’ appropriate behaviour and emotions.’ From her observations and several tests done, Dr Gonzo concluded that the child has met the criteria for childhood depression and therefore for psychological trauma. [112] She also states: ‘From my own observation it seems as though he is caught in the middle of his parents’ conflict. .... [The child] is not capable of taking either one or the other parent (sic) side and nor (sic) telling them that he feels guilty, fearful of losing them, needs acceptance and love as he does not want to disappoint either one of the parents. What is more, he is seen by his parents as mature, confident and an understanding child. ..... [He] has to live with the decisions his parents make for him about his life.His parents decided they can no longer stay together because their relationship has become impossible due to abuse suffered by both of them; he had little power to alter or influence the events that followed. This it seemed has led to him feeling insignificant and feeling helpless. The latter has led him to suffering from childhood depression.’ [113] She stated that she can safely say that the child is attached to both his parents, although it seemed as if his principal attachment figure is his father ‘if we are to accept that his wife went into hospital two weeks after giving birth to him and his father become (sic) his primary caregiver early in his life.’ She later states: ‘The attachment hierarchy may be determined by the following set of factors: 1) how much time he spend (sic) with each caretaker, 2) the quality of care each provide (sic), 3) each caretaker’s emotional investment in the child and 4) the repeated presence across time of the attachment figure in the child’s life. It is with the above-said in mind that it was founds that due to consistent conflict between the parents, the set of factors of the attachment hierarchy could not be exercised by the father who is one of the prominent attachment figures in his life. When parent do not live in one home as a family unit, children optimally benefit from ongoing relationships with both parents who are supportive of the child’s dual attachment. The consequences of the disrupt (sic) child-parent relationship has led .... to [the child] seeming more relax (sic) with the father as opposed to being with his mother. Relationships with parents are the foundation upon which children define themselves as adequate and develop the capacity to have meaningful and intimate relationships throughout their lives. Children’s relationships with their mother and father are determined by the quantity and quality of care offered by each parent and the repeated presence across time of the parent in the child’s life.’ [114] Dr Gonzo recommends that the parties have shared legal and physical custody and that they develop a legally binding parenting plan which addresses a wide range of topics, including maintenance and dispute resolution. Alternatively she recommends that the child stays with his mother until the end of June 2013 and then with his father until the end of December 2013 with frequent visits during week-ends and holidays to the other parent. The parent with whom the child resides should be the primary physical custodian. The motivation for the recommendation that the child should at first continue residing with the defendant before moving to the plaintiff is that the defendant had the primary role as an attachment figure since she left the matrimonial home. Dr Gonzo warns that removing the child from the current residential home will worsen his emotional state as it will add to the cycle of changes he has been through already. However, she stresses the importance that the defendant provides frequent access to the plaintiff by allowing the child to stay with the plaintiff on weekends and holidays and when she has to travel. [115] She further recommends that both parents be taught parenting skills to ‘help them create in their child secure attachment bonds that will enable him to have a healthy and normal development and provide him with the ability to value himself, and develop enduring and intimate relationships throughout his life.’ [116] Lastly she recommends that the parties and the child undergo psychotherapy to help with the verbalization of fear, anger, stress and depression. [118] In her second report Dr Gonzo focuses on the suitability of the defendant to have custody of the minor child as this was questioned by the plaintiff in the light of what he alleged was her alcohol abuse and her neglect of the children by frequently socializing with her friends away from the marital home, returning only in the early hours of the morning and by not preparing proper meals and generally looking after them properly with the result that her daughter began to perform poorly at school. Dr Gonzo always found the children to be neat and clean. The defendant always brought them for consultations on time and was always concerned about their safety and well being. [119] Dr Gonzo diagnosed the defendant to be suffering from major depression with anxiety, a clinical disorder which probably had much to do with the problems in the marriage and the divorce proceedings. As I have indicated before, she found no evidence that the defendant has an alcohol problem. She notes that the defendant has been the primary caregiver of her children since she moved from the marital home and during her visits to the defendant’s home and in all her interactions with the defendant and the children she found no evidence of neglect. She was of course not able to express any views about the plaintiff’s allegations regarding the defendant’s earlier conduct while the parties were still living together. She could not say if the defendant was still going out partying much at night, but noted that the defendant reported to her that she hardly goes out with friends and prefers to stay at home. On the assumption that this is something she used to enjoy doing before, her professed lack of interest in an activity she enjoyed before is entirely consistent with the profile of depression she displayed throughout the assessment period. In her view the defendant is fit to look after her children and eligible for custody and control. [120] The impression I have based on all the evidence and from my observation of the parties in the witness box is that the plaintiff is a person who more easily shows emotional warmth, while the defendant seemed to be emotionally detached and more cerebral. However, the plaintiff also came across at times as arrogant, boastful and irritatingly demeaning and patronizing towards the defendant, especially regarding what he perceived to be her role as a wife and a mother.She seems to be more independent and has a mind of her own. Her work and career seem to be important to her. Domestic duties obviously appeal more to him than to her. I am sure he makes much better lunch boxes than she does. I am not surprised that his insistence on her ironing his clothes led to conflict. [121] It is clear that both parties love the minor child very much and that the child is attached to both of them. I think the plaintiff makes a good father who is emotionally involved with and genuinely interested in his son. I accept the evidence that he takes good care of the boy when the latter is in his care and that the boy is nurtured and perhaps even spoiled a little. However, his long absences at times were not satisfactorily explained. I do take into regard, though, that the plaintiff testified that on Father’s Day 2012 and when the boy turned 5, as well as during the holidays a few weeks before the trial started the defendant did not allow him to take the child for a visit despite his requests. The defendant did not deny this evidence. I am nevertheless also satisfied that the defendant in her own way is also a good parent although I have the impression that the boy will have more fun and personal attention if he stays with his father. On the available evidence I am not persuaded that she neglects her children. [122] One of Dr Gonzo’s recommendations is that the parties should be awarded joint custody. In this jurisdiction joint custody is sometimes awarded. In A v A 2011 (1)70 (HC) the following was said about the matter (at 74C-75G): ‘[12] Normally, custody of minor children is awarded after all circumstances are taken into account, namely after determining what is likely to be best for the child. Such circumstances involve the child's sex, age and health; his/her educational and religious needs; the social and financial position of its parents; the character of the parents; his or her temperament and past behaviour towards the child. (Hahlo supra at 453.) Furthermore, where the child has reached the age of discretion, his or her personal preferences have also to be taken into consideration and the court will consider which of the spouses will provide the best care, not only for the physical well-being of the child, but also for his or her moral, cultural and religious development. (Hahlo supra at 454 and the cases quoted therein.) [13] Without going into detail, it is necessary to have a closer look at what the term 'custody and control' entails. It is namely the care and control of the minor's person. In short it means that the custodian parent has control over the minor's daily life and can decide all issues regarding the minor's education, training, religious upbringing, where the child might go or visit and with whom he or she might associate. (Hahlo supra at 456.) Furthermore, it includes the duty to provide adequate accommodation, food, clothing and medical services to the child. (LAWSA vol 16 para 160 at 189.) The custodian parent has possession of the minor child. (LAWSA supra para 161 at 190.) [14] Joint custody of minor children has sometimes been awarded in South Africa, because it has been regarded in the exercise of the court's discretion to be in the best interest of such children. (Kastan v Kastan 1985 (3) SA 235 (C) at 236D.) However, joint custody has been refused in other cases. (Heimann v Heimann 1948 (4) SA 926 (W); Edwards v Edwards 1960 (2) SA 523 (N) at 524G.) In Edwards supra Jansen J expressly stated the following at 524 in respect of shared or joint custody of minor children: 'It is plain that an agreement of this nature should not be made an order of Court. In this regard I refer to the case of Heimann v Heimann 1948 (4) SA 926 (W), where Murray J refused to make a similar agreement in respect of custody, an order of Court. It seems to me a legal impossibility that the legal custody of a child could be shared equally between two individuals. The legal custody involves the privilege and responsibility of taking certain decisions in regard to, for example, the education of the child. It would seem that such a decision should appertain to a single individual. If the responsibility is shared between two individuals there is the continuing possibility of a deadlock arising over every triviality. Essentially, it would seem that an agreement in regard to the custody of the child after divorce cannot affect the legal custody as determined by common-law and not otherwise arranged by the Court.' [15] The issue of joint custody has been frowned upon by our courts to say the least. With reference to several decisions which were also relied on, the author Hahlo stated the following at 462: 'As a child must know where its stands, the courts are loath to allow responsibility to be divided or to put the non-custodian spouse in a position where he can dispute or undermine the authority of the custodian parent. Accordingly, they will generally refuse accept an agreement under which the spouses agree to share custody or a young child is to spend alternate periods of approximately equal length with each parent. It is most undesirable that a child of tender years should be subject to these constant changes.' [16] In our law malicious desertion must still be proved where adultery is not an issue. I find it difficult to comprehend that parties who demonstrate such animosity against each other that they cannot live together, and often fight each other in an opposed divorce litigation, can be in a position to decide jointly on issues involving the interest of minor children. It is the duty of the court as an upper guardian of the minor children to be vigilant is this regard. To award joint custody to both parents of minor children is to retain the position that they were in while the marriage still existed and the parents lived together. That cannot be the situation after the marriage broke up because of malicious desertion or even adultery of one of the parties. One of them has to have custody and control of the minor children. The only possible instance that I can see where joint custody might work is where the minor children are old and mature enough to decide for themselves and the parents have a mature and responsible relationship to be able to take responsible decisions in the interest of the minor children. Such situation would in my opinion be very rare. This matter supports that opinion. Only in exceptional circumstances, based on evidence, should joint custody of a minor be granted.’ [123] In general I respectfully agree with what is stated in the above-mentioned quotation except with the view expressed that the minor children should be old and mature enough to decide for themselves.I prefer not to lay this down as a necessary requirement. It often happens that parents divorce on amicable terms.They might be ideal candidates for joint custody even if the children are still too young to indicate any preferences. [124] Although the plaintiff was during testimony in favour of the recommendation that joint custody by awarded, it was, in light of the requirement in A v A, supra, that the parties should have a mature and responsible relationship, readily conceded during argument by counsel on his behalf that joint custody is not feasible in this case because of the turbulent relationship between the parties and the negative effects of the litigation between them. This is also the stance of the defendant. I entirely agree with them. [125] I am also not in favour of ordering that the child should reside for extended periods first with the one party and then with the other. The recommendations were made before the child was of school going age and while the court proceedings were still at an early stage. Although I am not aware whether he is due to start school during 2014, in which case he should reside with one parent, I am in any event of the view that he should not subjected to constant change at this age. I do agree, though, with Dr Gonzo that it is imperative that the child has regular contact and visits with the non-custodial parent. I intend setting out the terms of what the Court regards as reasonable access in Annexure “A” to the Court’s order. I agree with Dr Gonzo that the parties should undergo parent skills training to assist them in parenting their child, who has clearly suffered psychological trauma and hopefully playing a role in improving their son’s mental health. While I also agree that it would probably be helpful for the parties and their child to undergo psychotherapy, I am hesitant to make this part of the Court’s order. I leave this personal decision to the parties with the sincere hope that they will reflect about the harm that has already been caused and that they will resolve to act in the interests of their child’s wellbeing. In this regard I note that the plaintiff indicated during his testimony that he is willing to do parental skills training and psychotherapy, which is encouraging and commendable. [126] In my view both parents are fit and suitable to be granted custody and control of the child. However, the child is still very young. In my view it would be better to let him remain where he is, especially in view of the fact that the defendant has for quite some time now been the primary caregiver. I also think that it would not be good at this stage to separate him from his half-sister. As I have said, it is important that there is regular and consistent contact and visits with the plaintiff. I think it is in the child’s best interests that I accede to the plaintiff’s request that he be given the first option to take care of the child in case the defendant has to travel. [127] Another factor that I take into consideration in awarding custody to the defendant is that the plaintiff never contested custody until the trial started. Then he abandoned it, just to raise it again at the end of his testimony. As the Court is the upper guardian of all children in its jurisdiction I considered it advisable to let the parties present evidence on this issue. While this was helpful, I must point out that the concerns raised by the plaintiff were not based on new evidence or new behaviour. His allegations concerned the defendant’s conduct before the trial started. Yet he was willing from the issue of summons to relinquish custody to her. Moreover, the allegations about her alcohol abuse seem to be greatly exaggerated. It would appear therefore that the plaintiff raised custody as an afterthought or perhaps with an ulterior motive and not so much because there were really grounds to be concerned about the child’s welfare should custody be awarded to the defendant. Maintenance for the minor child [128] During argument counsel for the defendant indicated that the defendant reduces her claim for maintenance for the minor child from N$5 000 to N$2 500 per month with an escalation of 10% per year. The plaintiff can clearly afford this amount as he offered to bear all financial burdens on his own should the child be awarded to him. However, if the custody is granted to the defendant, he is only willing to pay N$2 000 per month as maintenance, including school fees. In my view the educational costs should be dealt with separately and the parties should share these equally. As I understand it, the plaintiff at first offered to pay N$1 500 per month in maintenance and N$500 per month towards the schooling of the child. Although I take note that the defendant did not deal in detail with how her claim for maintenance is made up, it seems to me that the amount of N$2 500 claimed by her is reasonable for a child of that age bearing in mind the status of the parties. I further agree that all financial requirements relating to his education and excess medical payments should be shared equally between the parties. The defendant’s claim for forfeiture of benefits arising from the marriage [129] It is trite that a party who succeeds in an action for divorce is entitled to a general forfeiture order of any proprietary benefits derived from the marriage provided it is claimed in the pleadings. [130] The defendant alleged in paragraph 6 of her amended counterclaim that the defendant contributed 90% in respect of labour, finances, service and skills towards covering the costs of expenses and assets of the common household, whereas the plaintiff only contributed 10%. She also alleged in paragraph 7 that the value of the joint estate at the time of the marriage was nil and that the joint estate has grown to bear a value of N$2,490 000. She further alleged in paragraph 8 that the plaintiff was unemployed for the period August 2005 to December 2006 and that she duly maintained him during this period. She alleged that it would be just and equitable that the Court forfeits the benefits arising from the marriage in community of property on a 90%/10% basis. [131] The plaintiff denied these allegations in the pleadings and also during his testimony. He testified that he contributed more to the joint household than she did and gave some figures. He asked that the estate should be divided equally. His evidence is to the effect that he owned a house in Tauben Glen before the marriage.He sold this house and with its proceeds the parties bought their current home in Hochland Park. The defendant owns a house in Walvis Bay, which she has been renting out for her own benefit, but since the marriage this property has been in the joint estate. Both parties owned furniture and vehicles at the time of the marriage which became their joint property. [132] The plaintiff testified that the period August 2005 to December 2006 was the time that he studied fulltime as already set out supra. He adamantly denied that the defendant had to maintain him. He told the Court that he had a scholarship to cover his studies. He took a study loan to assist with further expenses. He also worked part time while he studied. He was able to send money back home, in which he took obvious pride as a young and proud husband. The total amount involved was amount N$60 000, which was transferred to the defendant’s bank account. At that time the defendant was earning about N$13 000 per month after deductions. He bought a return plane ticket for the defendant to visit him in the USA and also treated her by taking her shopping and gave her spending money. Previously when he came home on holiday he brought a suitcase full of clothes for her and her daughter. [133] During cross-examination most of this evidence was not denied, except that certain major monetary contributions by the defendant were canvassed. It was put to the plaintiff that at some stage he demanded that the defendant should repay about N$26 000 of the money he transferred from the USA. He denied that he ‘demanded’ the money, but indicated that there was a mutual understanding that the money be transferred to his bank account to cover the instalments for the house. This evidence was not denied. [134] During evidence-in-chief the defendant did not deal pertinently with the allegations made in paragraphs 6 and 8 of her amended counterclaim. However, she testified about the house and vehicle which each party brought into the marriage. During cross-examination it became abundantly clear that, as a result of these assets and the parties’ furniture having become part of the joint estate upon marriage, the allegation that the value of the joint estate at the time of marriage was nil, is incorrect. The defendant’s explanation for making this allegation is not entirely clear, but counsel for the plaintiff appears to have accepted that she did not make the allegation in bad faith. [135] It also became very clear that the ratio upon which she claimed forfeiture is completely inaccurate and that the allegation that she maintained the plaintiff during the period August 2005 to December 2006 is quite untrue. The defendant testified that she had given her counsel the correct instructions the previous day. Yet these matters were not addressed by way of amendments or by volunteering a correction under oath. This explanation also begs the question why such inaccurate allegations were made in the pleadings in the first place.In this respect the defendant did not make an impression of credibility on me. [136] This being said, during the argument stage counsel on the defendant’s behalf adjusted the ratio alleged in the defendant’s counterclaim by submitting on the basis of certain figures that the forfeiture, to which the defendant is in law entitled, should be ordered on a 41:59 basis in favour of the defendant. Although counsel for the plaintiff moved for division of the estate instead of forfeiture, he did not attack the ratio itself on which the defendant’s claim is based and I therefore adopt it. I therefore do not intend dealing any further with the testimony on the various individual contributions made by the parties towards to common household and the joint estate. [137] For the above reasons I made the following order on 13 December 2013: 1. The plaintiff’s claim is dismissed with costs. 2. In respect of the defendant’s counterclaim the Court grants judgment for the defendant as follows: 2.1 The bonds of the marriage between the parties are hereby dissolved. 2.2 The custody and control of the minor child, Arthur Tjivikua, born 18 June 2006, shall be awarded to the defendant, subject to the plaintiff’s right of reasonable access to him as per Annexure “A”. 2.3 The parties shall each by 13 November 2014 undergo a parenting skills training course certified by a psychologist registered in Namibia to be of an acceptable duration and standard and they shall each deliver proof under oath to this Court by 13 December 2014 that they have completed the course satisfactorily. 2.4 The defendant shall approach the plaintiff as a first option to take care of the minor child during any absence by her from the child’s home which absence exceeds 24 hours. 2.5 The plaintiff shall pay maintenance of N$2 500 per month in respect of the minor child, which amount shall escalate with 10% on 24 April every year. 2.6 The plaintiff shall pay 50% of the school fees in respect of the minor child, as well as in respect of the costs of prescribed tuition, extra-mural activities, books, stationery, school clothes and the costs of any tertiary education, including hostel fees or alternative accommodation (should the child show an aptitude therefor and make reasonable progress and in so far as such costs are not covered by study bursaries). 2.7 The plaintiff shall pay 50% of the excess medical aid payments in respect of the minor child. 2.8 The plaintiff shall forfeit the benefits of the marriage in community of property in the ratio 41:59 in favour of the defendant. 2.9 The plaintiff shall pay the defendant’s costs of suit. ____(signed on original)____________________ K van Niekerk For the plaintiff: Adv T C Phatela Instr. by Conradie & Damaseb For the defendant: Adv A J B Small Instr. by Kristen & Co. Inc T v T (I 2002/2011) [2013] NAHCMD 377 (13 December 2013); Voigts v Voigts (I 1704/2009) [2013] NAHCMD 176 (24 June 2013); LNL v LJL (I 2406/2013) [2014] NAHCMD 309 (17 October 2014); Jaspert v Siepker (I 670/2012) [2013] NAHCMD 267 (30 September 2013); H v H (I 675/2011) [2013] NAHCMD 123 (07 May 2013);	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11676
__label__wiki	0.963933	0.963933	Everett Golson, Jameis Winston bring game down to wire Mary Green \| Monday, October 20, 2014 Zach Llorens / The Observer TALLAHASSEE, Fla. — Much of the allure of Saturday’s matchup between Florida State and Notre Dame centered on the nation’s No. 2 team facing No. 5, but just as much intrigue came from the dueling No. 5s on the field. Jameis Winston versus Everett Golson — two possible Heisman contenders and two quarterbacks who were supposed to make or break their teams. And when both gunslingers stepped up to force the game to come down to the very last play, the most-watched and arguably best game of the season so far resulted. “These guys going back and forth — somebody called and left me a message and said this is Ali-Frazier,” Seminoles head coach Jimbo Fisher said. “This is a slugfest, Thriller in Manila, standing toe to toe. That’s what it felt like.” For the Seminoles, Winston completed 23 of his 31 pass attempts for 273 yards. He only notched 92 yards in the first half on eight completions, including an 11-yard touchdown strike to freshman receiver Travis Rudolph. The Notre Dame defense was able to get to Winston and hold back the Florida State offense as a whole. The Irish allowed just 19 rushing yards and five first downs, and the Seminoles, who failed to convert any of their four third-down opportunities, punted three times. However, Winston brought the heat in the second half. “I think they came out with the attitude that they weren’t going to not score,” Irish sophomore defensive lineman Isaac Rochell said of Florida State after halftime. “I think there was a huge shift in their attitude. You could tell on the field their players were more engaged in the game.” After his team began the third quarter down 17-10, Winston led three drives that ended with points for the Seminoles. One of those came in the fourth quarter to set up senior running back Karlos Williams’ one-yard touchdown scamper, which vaulted Florida State ahead for the first time in the game at 31-27. “He’s a competitor,” Fisher said of the reigning Heisman Trophy winner. “He can compartmentalize and focus. And he can see. He has a drive to win. Drive for greatness. Not because of him but for his team. He really does.” While Winston rested on the sidelines, Irish senior quarterback Golson picked up 313 passing yards, connecting on 31 of his 52 throws. Golson fired two touchdowns to Irish sophomore receiver Corey Robinson, the first on a one-yard pass in the first quarter and the other on a nine-yard pass in the second. The senior threw his third score to Irish sophomore receiver Will Fuller in the third quarter on an 11-yard completion. “Their quarterback is a heck of a player,” Fisher said. On the final Irish drive of the game, Golson was sacked on third-and-12 at midfield. However, he then found Robinson on fourth-and-18 to give Notre Dame another chance to retake the lead with just over a minute left. “The stadium got real loud and I knew this was it — we’ve got to make a play and I thought he was going to come to me, and I just put myself in the best position to get open,” Robinson said. “Luckily, I made the play and extended the drive.” Golson also extended his streak of games with a turnover to four, tossing a second-quarter pick to Seminoles freshman linebacker Jacob Pugh. Florida State could not capitalize on the miscue, as Winston followed that up on the next play with an interception to Irish senior linebacker Joe Schmidt. However, it was Golson’s second interception of the night that made the difference in the game. On fourth-and-goal from the Seminole 18-yard line with 13 seconds left, he heaved up a do-or-die pass that Pugh grabbed to seal the Seminoles’ win. That play followed what would have been Golson’s third touchdown pass of the game Robinson, but the score was negated by an offensive pass interference call against Fuller. Winston’s team may have left Doak Campbell Stadium with the 31-27 win, but Irish head coach Brian Kelly said the quarterback in blue and gold outshined the one in garnet and gold. “I thought our quarterback played better than [Winston] tonight, just didn’t show up on the scoreboard,” Kelly said. Tags: Brian Kelly, Everett Golson, florida state, football, Jameis Winston, Jimbo Fisher, Notre Dame About Mary Green Current Assistant Managing Editor, former Sports Editor of The Observer \| Follow Mary on Twitter: @maryegreen15 Head to Head: Notre Dame vs. Florida State IRISH PASSING Everett Golson continued his trend of turnovers Saturday against North Carolina.Golson’s... Off-field noise swirls around Winston, FSU Florida State tops Notre Dame, 31-27 Monaco: There’s no doubt; Notre Dame is for real (Oct. 19)	cc/2019-30/en_head_0013.json.gz/line11679

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