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SECOND SOCIETY OF UNIVERSALISTS IN THE TOWN OF BOSTON vs. ROYAL INSURANCE COMPANY, LIMITED.
March 23, 1915 - June 28, 1915
Present: RUGG, C. J., LORING, BRALEY, PIERCE, & CARROLL, JJ.
Insurance, Fire. Arbitrament and Award. Contract, Performance and breach. Equity Jurisdiction, Adequate remedy at law. Pleading, Civil, Declaration.
An allegation, in the declaration in an action of contract upon a policy of fire insurance in the Massachusetts standard form seeking to recover damages greater than the amount awarded by arbitrators to whom the question of the amount of the loss was referred under the terms of the policy, that no notice of hearings before the arbitrators was given to the insured by the arbitrators, is not sufficient to warrant the overruling of a demurrer to the declaration on the ground that such lack of notice made an award by the arbitrators invalid, there being no allegation that the insured did not have notice of the hearings and was not heard, and such facts not being inferrible from the allegation made.
The requirement of R. L. c. 194, § 7, that the arbitrators there referred to shall "meet and hear the parties" necessarily implies that they shall hear and consider relevant evidence.
Where an agreement for arbitration between the insured and the insurer of the question of the amount of loss under the provisions of a policy of fire insurance in the Massachusetts standard form provides "that the provisions of" R. L. c. 194, §§6, 7, "shall apply as a part of the agreement for this submission," the arbitrators must hear and consider relevant evidence, and if they refuse to hear any evidence from the insured and give him no opportunity to present any evidence bearing on the question of his loss or damage occasioned by the fire, an award made by them is invalid.
It seems, however, that such arbitrators at their hearings would not be bound by the strict rules of evidence, but might proceed by the summary methods implied in an arbitration.
Under the provisions of a policy of fire insurance in the Massachusetts standard form, which was issued after the enactment of the provision of St. 1907, c. 576, § 57, that "if buildings insured against loss by fire, and situated within this Commonwealth, are totally destroyed by fire, the company shall not be liable
beyond the actual value of the insured property at the time of the loss or damage" if the insured property is a "total loss," arbitrators as to the amount of the loss, appointed under the provisions of the policy, are warranted in refusing to take into account loss caused to the insured by the tearing down of a part of the walls of the building by municipal authorities at the expense of the insured or by the insured on the order of such authorities but for the safety of the public after the fire was under control but before it was extinguished, and an increased cost of rebuilding due to the fact that under certain building laws the insured must use more expensive materials.
General allegations of fraud, bias and prejudice of certain arbitrators, set forth in a declaration without specification of definite acts upon which they are based, are not enough to require judicial inquiry into the validity of an award made by the arbitrators. Mere inadequacy of an award by arbitrators, appointed under the provisions of a policy of fire insurance in the Massachusetts standard form to determine the amount of loss suffered by the insured, is no ground for setting aside the award if it was made honestly and without mistake.
It was alleged in the declaration in an action upon a policy of fire insurance in the Massachusetts standard form that the award made by arbitrators appointed under the provisions of the policy was "grossly inadequate." It appeared from other allegations in the declaration that the insured claimed $100,000, that a part of his claim was based upon contentions unsound as a matter of law and that the arbitrators awarded him $57,604. The defendant demurred to the declaration. Held, that the allegation that the award was "grossly inadequate" was not sustained by the allegations of the declaration.
The provisions of a policy of fire insurance in the Massachusetts standard form, relating to the submission to arbitration of the question of the amount of loss suffered from a fire within the terms of the policy, are valid.
Under the provisions of a policy of fire insurance in the Massachusetts standard form, while a reference to arbitrators of the question of the amount of loss, as therein provided for in case the parties are unable to agree, is a condition precedent to a right of action upon the policy, the return of an award or the making of a valid award is not such a condition precedent.
If one insured against loss by fire under the provisions of a policy of fire insurance in the Massachusetts standard form, after suffering a loss, is unable to agree with the insurer upon the amount of the loss and in accordance with the provisions of the policy that question is submitted to arbitrators who return an award which under the circumstances is invalid as a matter of law, and if thereafter the insured offers to proceed with a new arbitration but the insurer refuses to join therein and insists upon the validity of the award already made, the insured need not resort to a suit in equity for an adjudication of the invalidity of the award, but has an adequate remedy at law in an action upon the policy. In such an action he may prove the invalidity of the award and may recover the amount justly due him under the provisions of the policy; and the insurer, if he contends that the award is valid, may offer it in defence to the action.
CONTRACT upon a policy of fire insurance in the Massachusetts standard form. The material allegations of the declaration as amended are described in the opinion. Writ dated October 15, 1914.
The defendant demurred. The demurrer was heard by Wait, J., and was sustained, and judgment was entered for the defendant. The plaintiff appealed.
J. J. Higgins, (A. A. Gleason with him,) for the plaintiff.
H. E. Warner, for the defendant.
RUGG, C. J. This is an action of contract upon a policy of fire insurance in the Massachusetts standard form. The material allegations of the declaration, after averring the issuance of the policy, a total loss by fire of the building insured, and the inability of the parties to agree upon the loss resulting from the fire, are that there was a reference of the amount of damage to arbitration as provided in the statute and an award by a majority of the referees only, and a refusal by the third to join in the award because of a belief that it did not contain all the loss suffered by the fire, and further that the award so made is invalid because the referees (1) failed to give to the plaintiff notice of hearings held by them, (2) "refused to hear any evidence from the plaintiff, and gave the plaintiff no opportunity to present any evidence bearing on the question of its loss or damage occasioned by the fire," (3) refused to take into account loss caused to the plaintiff by the tearing down of a part of the walls of the building by the city of Boston at the expense of the plaintiff, but for the safety of the public, after the fire was under control but before it was extinguished, (4) would not consider loss sustained by the plaintiff by being required at its own cost to tear down a part of the walls of the building, (5) refused to estimate as a part of its loss the increased cost of rebuilding due to the fact that under the building laws the plaintiff must rebuild a new structure to take the place of the one destroyed, of much more expensive materials, and (6) returned an award for a sum "grossly inadequate, unjust and inequitable."
The first of these allegations of invalidity is not sufficient to overturn the award. It is merely that no notice of hearings was given to the plaintiff by the referees, but not that no hearings were given as required by the terms of the reference, nor that the plaintiff did not in fact have notice of the hearings and was not heard. For aught that appears, the plaintiff in truth may have known all about the hearings and been heard at length. This allegation does not go far enough to show that any
substantial right of the plaintiff was affected. No intendment in this respect can be made in favor of the pleader. Bowker v. Torrey, 211 Mass. 282. Eldredge v. Mutual Life Ins. Co. 217 Mass. 444. The next averment is that the referees refused to hear evidence as to the loss. The amount of loss was the only matter submitted to them. It was quite disconnected with general liability of the defendant to the plaintiff, and with all other questions. Rockwell v. Hamburg-Bremen Fire Ins. Co. 212 Mass. 318. The reference was in writing. It was not in the brief words of the policy, but it expressly incorporated into its terms by reference Pub. Sts. c. 188, §§ 6, 7 (now R. L. c. 194, §§ 6, 7). [Note p521] That chapter is the general law authorizing reference to arbitration. Section 7 provides that arbitrators shall "meet and hear the parties." While it is not specifically stated in either of these sections that evidence must be received, it is implied by every fair intendment. The requirement in a general law touching arbitration that there must be a hearing, of necessity means listening to relevant evidence. All controversies which may be the subject of an action at law or a suit in equity may be submitted to arbitration under the statute. Pub. Sts. c. 188, § 1. R. L. c. 194, § 1. In most instances it would be impossible in the nature of things for the arbitrators to decide the controversy with any degree of intelligence, except after a hearing where evidence was received. In no other way could a just decision reasonably be expected. This has been the universal practice under general arbitrations. Lincoln v. Taunton Copper Manuf. Co. 8 Cush. 415. Conrad v. Massasoit Ins. Co. 4 Allen 20, 22. Peabody v. Rice, 113 Mass. 31, 34. Nay v. Boston & Worcester Street Railway, 192 Mass. 517, 521. By the reference to the procedure under the general law as to submissions to arbitration, the practice as to the kind of hearing there necessary was imported into the reference here under review. The parties might agree to a reference somewhat broader or more detailed in its scope than the policy demanded, and such an agreement is binding upon them.
The requirement that the referees should "meet and hear the parties" implies in this connection that relevant evidence if offered shall be received and considered. Warner v. Collins, 135 Mass. 26. Palmer v. Clark, 106 Mass. 373, 389.
That there shall be a hearing does not mean that the referees must be bound by the strict rules of evidence. They may proceed by the summary methods implied in an arbitration. But they could not arbitrarily reject all material evidence under such a reference as the present. An award regularly made is not lightly to be set aside, even though there were informalities and irregularities. An award should stand "unless it plainly appears that the acts of alleged misconduct have prejudiced or may have prejudiced the party complaining, or have violated those well settled rules which justice requires should be observed in order to ensure the fair determination of the matters in dispute." Farrell v. German American Ins. Co. 175 Mass. 340, 347. Jones v. Boston Mill Corp. 6 Pick. 148. Smith v. Boston & Maine Railroad, 16 Gray 521. But a refusal to hear parties when the submission requires a listening to evidence goes to the root of a reference like the present. See Hills v. Home Ins. Co. 129 Mass. 345.
It is not necessary to determine the effect of St. 1910, c. 489, which makes it the duty of referees "to meet within ten days after the appointment of the third referee to hear the evidence in the case," nor to decide how far that statute affects Hanley v. AEtna Ins. Co. 215 Mass. 425, which arose under a policy to which it was not applicable. The terms of the reference in the case at bar made imperative the hearing of evidence and distinguish it from Hanley v. AEtna Ins. Co. Indeed, it is pointed out in the opinion in that case, 215 Mass. 430, 431, that, ordinarily, when the building insured is wholly destroyed (as it is alleged to have been in the case at bar), it would be the wise course for referees to receive evidence and "to determine the amount of loss in the usual way in which civil cases are tried."
The refusal of the referees to take into account as elements of loss the cost caused to the plaintiff by the tearing down of the walls of the building during the progress of the fire, at its expense, by public officers, and after the fire, by itself, at its own expense, and the increased cost of rebuilding due to the fact that under the
building laws a new structure must be of more expensive materials, was right. The controlling allegation in this aspect of the case is that the building was a total loss. It is provided by St. 1907, c. 576, § 57, that "if buildings insured against loss by fire, and situated within this Commonwealth, are totally destroyed by fire, the company shall not be liable beyond the actual value of the insured property at the time of the loss or damage." This statute was in force at the time when the policy here in question was issued. The standard form of insurance policy is set forth in the same statute. Therefore, it is obvious that the rule of damage in case of total loss established by the section just quoted is the one by which the parties to this action are bound. It is not alleged that the referees through prejudice refused to consider the existence of the building ordinance as bearing upon the actual value of the old building just before its destruction by fire, if it had any effect in this regard. Plainly, the elements of loss contended for had no relation to the actual value of the insured property. Considerations which might be germain to an inquiry as to the amount of damage resulting from a partial destruction of the building insured, have no place where there is a total destruction by fire. Hewins v. London Assurance Corp. 184 Mass. 177.
The final averment is that the gross inadequacy of the award is a ground for setting it aside. This is supported by the further allegation that it arose from the fraud, bias and prejudice of the referees. But this is wholly general, without specification of facts. It is plain that general allegations of fraud, and likewise of bias and prejudice, without stating definite acts which constitute a fraud or bias and prejudice, are not enough to require judicial inquiry. Nichols v. Rogers, 139 Mass. 146. Nye v. Storer, 168 Mass. 53, 55. Garst v. Hall & Lyon Co. 179 Mass. 588, 590. Wallingford v. Mutual Society, 5 App. Cas. 685, 697. Mere inadequacy of an award honestly made without mistake is no ground for setting it aside. The parties, having chosen their tribunal, are bound by its decision no matter what may be its infirmities of judgment. Boston Water Power Co. v. Gray, 6 Met. 131. Rundel v. LaFleur, 6 Allen 480. As there is no allegation of mistake, that may be laid out of the case. But the plaintiff is entitled to an honest award free from the taint of fraud or prejudice. An award might be so grossly and palpably below the
actual loss as to afford intrinsic evidence of fraud, bias or prejudice. But, in order to reach to this point, the inadequacy of the award must be, to use the words of Lord Thurlow in Gwynne v. Heaton, 1 Bro. C. C. 1, at page 9, "so strong, gross and manifest, that it must be impossible to state it to a man of common sense, without producing an exclamation at the inequality of it."
The inadequacy averred in the case at bar is the difference between an alleged value of $100,000 and the award of $57,604. The value as alleged must be assumed in the absence of other specification to be the estimate of value made by the plaintiff, for no other standard of value is set forth. The difference between the claim or estimate of a party plaintiff and the fact not infrequently is as great in proportion as that here alleged. It would scarcely evoke an exclamation of astonishment from the ordinary person of sound sense to be told that an award in a case of taking under eminent domain was fifty-seven per cent of the claim advanced by the landowner. Inquiries as to value in insurance cases of total loss in general resemble those in takings by eminent domain. The allegation of inadequacy loses some of its force when read in conjunction with the averments that three elements of damage put forward by the plaintiff, one of which is said to be at least $20,000, were disallowed by the referees; all three of these claims have been shown to be unsound in law by what has been said. The inadequacy of the award here alleged, in view of all the circumstances, does not by itself alone show fraud, bias or prejudice by the referees.
The only allegation of invalidity of the award which is sound, is that the referees refused to hear evidence as to the loss. The averment in this respect is sufficient to show invalidity under the terms of the reference.
The contract of insurance set out in the declaration is that the company, within sixty days after the insured shall have notified the company of the fire in writing, or furnished it a sworn statement on request, St. 1910, c. 552, "shall either pay the amount for which it shall be liable, which amount if not agreed upon shall be ascertained by award of referees as hereinafter provided," or replace the property, or rebuild or repair the property. Only the first of these three alternative courses open to the insurer has any bearing upon the present case.
The obligation to pay thus becomes operative within sixty days from a date easily susceptible of accurate ascertainment. The way "hereinafter provided" for determining the amount of the insurer's liability is that, in case of failure of the parties to agree, "the amount of such loss shall be referred to three disinterested men" chosen in a manner designated and that "the award in writing by a majority of the referees shall be conclusive and final upon the parties as to the amount of loss or damage, and such reference unless waived by the parties shall be a condition precedent to any right of action in law or equity to recover for such loss." It is to be observed that the obligation of the insurer to pay is not within sixty days after the return of the award as is that of the present New York standard form. See Hanley v. AEtna Ins. Co. 215 Mass. 425. It is within sixty days after the notice of the fire or the furnishing of the sworn statement when that is demanded. The obligation to pay ripens at that time even though the precise amount may not then have been ascertained. The contract is unmistakably imperative in its provision that the amount of loss of the insured under the policy or of liability of the insurer be fixed either (1) by agreement of parties, or (2) by the award of referees, or (3) inferentially it may be determined by an action in the courts when the award by referees is waived. Where the parties are unable to agree and the reference is not waived, then there can be no recovery according to the contract except for the amount fixed by the award. This is a valid provision. It is not an arbitration of the whole controversy, but only a stipulation that the amount of the damage shall be ascertained summarily. It is a lawful agreement and is not obnoxious to the principle that contracts to oust courts of their jurisdiction are not binding. Reed v. Washington Ins. Co. 138 Mass. 572. Lamson Consolidated Store Service Co. v. Prudential Fire Ins. Co. 171 Mass. 433, 434.
It is to be noted, also, that, although the amount of liability or loss must be fixed by reference, the return of the award or the making of a valid award is not "a condition precedent to any right of action in law or equity to recover for such loss." It is "the reference" to these distinterested men and not "the award" by them which is made the condition precedent. Here again the instant policy differs from other insurance contracts
which have been before the courts. Many forms require the award as a condition precedent. That was the requirement of the policy in Hutchinson v. Liverpool & London & Globe Ins. Co. 153 Mass. 143, 144. See, for example, also Hamilton v. Liverpool & London & Globe Ins. Co. 136 U. S. 242; Commercial Union Assurance Co. Ltd. v. Dalzell, 127 C. C. A. 241; Scott v. Avery, 5 H. L. Cas. 811, 845, 851; Caledonian Ins. Co. v. Gilmour, [1893] A. C. 85, 90, 96; Spurrier v. LaCloche, [1902] A. C. 446; Jureidini v. National British & Irish Millers Ins. Co. Ltd. [1915] A. C. 499, 505, 506; Wolff v. Liverpool & London & Globe Ins. Co. 21 Vroom, 453; Early v. Providence & Washington Ins. Co. 31 R. I. 225; Nurney v. Fireman's Fund Ins. Co. 63 Mich. 633; Vernon Ins. Co. v. Maitlen, 158 Ind. 393. The short limitation embodied in the policy is that no action or suit shall be sustained unless commenced within two years from the time the loss occurred, without a clause sometimes found in policies of fire insurance, to the effect that the time consumed in arbitration shall be excluded from the period of limitation for bringing an action. This provision rebuts the idea that the right to bring an action must be suspended until after an award. Clover v. Greenwich Ins. Co. 101 N. Y. 277, 281. It is conceivable that, in the event of controversy between the parties as to the binding force of an award, the time for bringing an action might elapse before an authoritative decision could be obtained. Hence, it is in the interest of justice and fair dealing between the parties that a reference in accordance with the contract of insurance should be the condition precedent to the bringing of an action, and not a valid and binding award.
The "reference" or "the appointment of arbitrators" as the condition precedent of the policy, often has been referred to in our cases. Union Institution for Savings v. Phoenix Ins. Co. 196 Mass. 230, 236. Hanley v. AEtna Ins. Co. 215 Mass. 425, 431. Lamson Consolidated Store Service Co. v. Prudential Fire Ins. Co. 171 Mass. 433, 434. In the opinion in the latter case, it was said at page 435: "The policy does not provide that no action shall be brought upon it until or unless (which are the words more commonly signifying a condition precedent) the amount has been ascertained by arbitration." There is nothing in the decision of Weisman v. Firemen's Ins: Co. 208 Mass. 577,
at variance with the conclusion here reached. It was assumed as the basis of that decision that the terms of the policy there in question required as a condition precedent to a right of action that the amount of the loss should be ascertained. This assumption was correct andimperative on the record because it had been so ruled in the Superior Court and there were no facts in the bill of exceptions which showed it to be wrong. An examination of the original papers in that case discloses that the terms of the policy were not stated in the bill of exceptions and that it did not appear whether the policy was issued within or without the Commonwealth, nor whether it was in the Massachusetts standard form or not. The assumption made in that opinion that the policy was issued under R. L. c. 118, § 60, was not necessary to the decision.
The declaration is not defective in failing to allege a valid award. It sets forth a reference, which is the only condition precedent, and a reason why the plaintiff is not bound by the award actually made.
There is the further material and decisive allegation that the plaintiff has offered to resubmit to referees the amount of its loss, but the defendant has refused a new reference and insists upon the validity of the award already made, and has waived further reference. Although the allegation in this regard is not as plain as it might be made, it seems to us as matter of interpretation to mean that the defendant refuses to resubmit the matter of loss to the same referees, and refuses to join in a new reference to another board of referees. Therefore, according to the allegations of the declaration the plaintiff has done all in its power to procure a good award. Hence, the case at bar is distinguishable from Thorndike v. Wells Memorial Association, 146 Mass. 619. This is not a case where on the allegations of the declaration there has been one attempt at reference only and then an action brought on the theory that the requirement of the policy for reference is complied with, although the insured is ready for another reference or further hearings before the same referees. The parties are at a clear and exact issue as to the validity of the award resulting from this reference, the plaintiff saying that it is bad and offering to have another, while the defendant insists upon it and says it is valid, and refuses to join in further proceedings looking
toward another reference or another award. This issue must be decided. If the plaintiff is wrong in its contention as to the invalidity of the award, the amount which it can recover already has been fixed. If the defendant is wrong in its contention, it must be presumed to be ready to have its liability determined in this proceeding, having according to the allegations waived a further reference.
The plaintiff's cause of action in any event is the policy of insurance and not the award. The award, if valid, is simply the evidence as to damage or loss. Soars v. Home Ins. Co. 140 Mass. 343. There is no occasion, therefore, for resort to equity in order to determine whether the award should be set aside. That question can be determined in the action at law. It is analogous to the determination of questions arising upon an auditor's report. It is the law of this Commonwealth that "an award may be impeached at law for mistake of fact of the arbitrator not appearing on the face of the award but proved by extrinsic evidence." Barrows v. Sweet, 143 Mass. 316. There are numerous cases to the effect that the whole matter may be determined in an action on the policy. Sullivan v. Traders' Ins. Co. 169 N. Y. 213. Canfield v. Watertown Fire Ins. Co. 55 Wis. 419. Davis v. Atlas Assurance Co. 16 Wash. 232. Those decisions appear to rest upon code provisions rather than upon general juridical principles. While apparently the contrary rule prevails in many other jurisdictions, an examination of the cases shows that in most instances the award rather than the reference is a condition precedent to the action, and hence a plaintiff cannot go forward without alleging and proving the award. [Note p528]
However it may be elsewhere, our own practice is well settled. Its origin is in the circumstance that in our early jurisprudence the chancery powers of the courts did not authorize the vacation or correction of an award; and hence, in order to prevent a failure
of justice, the merits of an award were examined in actions at law. Bean v. Farnam, 6 Pick. 269, 273. Strong v. Strong, 9 Cush. 560, 568. Boston Water Power Co. v. Gray, 6 Met. 131. Mickles v. Thayer, 14 Allen 114, 122. It is open to the plaintiff, suing on his original cause of action, to show the invalidity of an award, as well as to a defendant, who may offer it in bar to an action on such award. Rollins v. Townsend, 118 Mass. 224. It is not necessary to determine whether under any circumstances relief against such an award may be had in equity.
Numerous cases have gone to the extent of holding that one appointment of referees satisfies the obligation of a policy quite as strong in its terms as the one here in suit, or even that an insured may recover unless it appears that the award has failed through his fault. [Note p529] The reasoning and conclusions of these cases are contrary to Hood v. Hartshorn, 100 Mass. 117, 121, and hence could not be followed. But they support the result here reached.
The argument of the defendant that the plaintiff has accepted and ratified the award by receiving the amount determined to be the value of a part of insured property finds no support in the record and need not be considered.
The declaration sets out a contract of fire insurance and a total loss of the property thereby insured together with compliance with the condition precedent to the effect that there must be a reference of the loss to referees, and averments that their award is invalid, an offer of the plaintiff to proceed to a new arbitration, and refusal to join therein by the defendant and insistence on its part of the validity of the award already made. This sets out a cause of action on the policy. Christianson v. Norwich Union Fire Ins. Society, 84 Minn. 526. Young v. AEtna Ins. Co. 101 Maine, 294. Fire Association of Philadelphia v. Appel, 76 Ohio St. 1. Bernhard v. Rochester German Ins. Co. 79 Conn. 388, 396.
Questions as to the further procedure in view of what has been decided have not been argued and are not now before us. Judgment reversed.
Demurrer overruled.
[Note p521] The portion of the agreement for arbitration there referred to was as follows: "It is understood . . . that the provisions of Sections Six and Seven of Chapter 188 of the Public Statutes shall apply as a part of the agreement for this submission. . . ."
[Note p528] Garrebrant v. Continental Ins. Co. 46 Vroom, 577, 584. Michels v. Western Underwriters' Association, 129 Mich. 417. Continental Ins. Co. v. Garrett, 60 C. C. A. 395, 399. Fire Association v. Allesina, 45 Ore. 154, 158. Early v. Providence & Washington Ins. Co. 31 R. I. 225, 230. Dixie Fire Ins. Co. v. American Confectionery Co. 124 Tenn. 247, 291. North British & Mercantile Ins. Co. v. Lathrop, 17 C. C. A. 175. Georgia Home Ins. Co. v. Kline & Co. 114 Ala. 366, 371.
[Note p529] Western Assurance Co. of Toronto, Canada v. Decker, 39 C. C. A. 383. St. Paul Fire & Marine Ins. Co. v. Kirkpatrick, 129 Tenn. 55, 65. Shawnee Fire Ins. Co. v. Pontfield, 110 Md. 353. Jerrils v. German American Ins. Co. 82 Kans. 320. Pretzfelder v. Merchants Ins. Co. 124 N. C. 164, 165.
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ICCO Welcomes Hungarian PR Association as New Member
The Hungarian Public Relations Association – Magyar Public Relations Szövetség (HuPRA / MPRSZ) has joined the International Communications Consultancy Organisation (ICCO) as its 34th national member. This announcement comes as ICCO prepares for its first Board Meeting of the year, taking place in Athens, Greece next month. Collectively ICCO now represents over 2,500 agencies globally, as well as nine direct consultancy and network members with an international agenda. Zsófia Lakatos, President of the Hungarian PR Association and Managing Director of Emerald Public Relations said: "We are extremely delighted to join ICCO. In the last few years the Hungarian PR Association turned in a more professional direction. We organise more events, provide market insights to our members and we focus more on international relations. Three ambassadors have been appointed to liaise with our international partners. Joining ICCO is a great step towards our aim to provide global approach, standards, best practices and hopefully business leads too." ICCO President Maxim Behar said: “We all welcome our Hungarian friends to the global family of ICCO and are sure that it is a great step ahead in the development of the PR business in the country. The Hungarian PR market is very well developed and we hope to see them playing a significant role both in the ICCO Global Summit later this year, and also many Hungarian companies competing to win some of the ICCO Global Awards.” ICCO offers its members market insights and ethical standards, as well as professional training to allow local PR consultancies to develop within their region and also internationally. ICCO Chief Executive Francis Ingham said: “HuPRA is the seventh national association to join ICCO in the last three years - a record of growth which reflects ICCO's increasing strength. ICCO is now indisputably the largest and most dynamic international PR membership body in the world, set for even further growth in the years ahead.” Andras Sztaniszlav, the Hungarian PR Association ambassador to the international market, will represent Hungary on the ICCO Board of Management. About ICCO The International Communications Consultancy Organisation (ICCO) is the voice of public relations consultancies around the world. The ICCO membership comprises national trade associations in 33 countries across the globe in Europe, Africa, Asia, the Americas and Australia. Collectively, these associations represent some 2,500 PR firms. www.iccopr.com
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Home Home Slider BJP MP Virendra Kumar to be the Protem Speaker of 17th Lok...
BJP MP Virendra Kumar to be the Protem Speaker of 17th Lok Sabha
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Virendra Kumar, a seventh-time BJP MP from Tikamgarh constituency in Madhya Pradesh and a former Union Minister, has been chosen to be the Protem Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
Usually, the senior-most member of the House is chosen as Protem Speaker whose job is to oversee the oath taking by the newly-elected members and the election of a regular Speaker of the house.
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Kumar is likely to be administered the oath of office at the Rashtrapati Bhavan on April 17, the day the newly-elected Lok Sabha commences its first session. On the first two days, the new MPs will take an oath. The Election for the Speaker of the 17th Lok Sabha is scheduled to be held on June 19.
Kumar was elected to 11th Lok Sabha for the first time in 1996 and became the member of Standing Committee on Labour and Welfare. Later he was re-elected to the 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th and 17th Lok Sabha continuously. He had served as member and Chairmen of various committees.
He was also the Union Minister of State for Women and Child Development and Minority Affairs between September 2017 and May 2019.
The Election for the Speaker will be held on June 19.
Kumar, who holds a PhD in Child Labor, had started his political career in 1977 when he became the Convener of Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (A.B.V.P.), District Sagar, Madhya Pradesh.
Kumar was also associated with RSS since childhood and served a prison sentence of 16 months under Maintenance of Internal Security Act (MISA) in protest against the imposition of Emergency.
He was elected to 11th Lok Sabha for the first time in 1996 and became the member of Standing Committee on Labour and Welfare.
Consecutively he was re-elected to the 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th and 17th Lok Sabha continuously and served as the Member as well chairpersons of different committees.
Kumar was also the Union Minister of State, Ministry of Women and Child Development; and Ministry of Minority Affairs between September 2017 to May 2019.
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Sir Bill Cash: Cross country lines needed more than HS2
By Pete Madeley | Transport | Published: Jul 11, 2019
Sir Bill Cash has called for new local train services across the country as he urged ministers to scrap the "appalling disaster" of HS2.
HS2 has come under scrutiny due to concerns over its budget
The Stone MP said money saved by ditching the controversial high speed rail project could be ploughed into much-needed new lines going from east to west.
It came as Tory leadership favourite Boris Johnson appeared to change course over the line, stressing that it should not be axed having previously opposed it over escalating costs.
Meanwhile Birmingham MP and mayoral hopeful Liam Byrne, who has backed the line, made the case for improvements to the planned main station at Curzon Street.
HS2 is set to pass through 45 miles of Staffordshire countryside on its way from London to the north.
Slated to cost £56 billion, it has come under increasing scrutiny in recent weeks, with one report saying its costs were spiralling out of control, and another saying ministers were aware in 2015 that its budget was likely to run to £65bn.
Speaking ahead of the latest parliamentary debate on the business case for the line, Sir Bill said the line was "completely unnecessary".
"This HS2 project is an appalling disaster," he added.
"Quite frankly, the costs have been escalating to a point where some people believe it could cost as much as £100 billion, and you consider that against the background of what's going on at the moment in the economy, it simply is not value for money.
"The Government itself has now made it clear to the head of HS2 that they have got to review the costs element, and there is enormous and unbelievable damage going on in constituencies such as mine as and when the project goes forward.
"It's creating enormous uncertainty, it's putting people under the most intense emotional pressure. There are people who are deeply worried and some people believe that it has caused such anxiety that it should really be disposed of on those grounds alone.
"The money could be far better spent on other things.
"In particular, from a transport point of view, and infrastructure, there is an absolute need which is felt all the way from Coventry northwards in this country, to have a really efficient local transport infrastructure network going east to west, for example."
Mr Byrne spoke in the Westminster Hall debate to defend the case for HS2, but he called for a rethink on the current plans for the landmark Curzon Street station, which will serve as the central hub for the entire network.
He said the station, which is expected to cost £435m by the time it opens in 2026, was "not good enough" and paled in comparison to international landmark stations such as Madrid's Atocha Station and Grand Central Station in New York.
Transport News Business Politics
By Pete Madeley
@P_Madeley_Star
Political Editor for the Express & Star. Responsible for local and national political stories, opinion, comment and analysis.
Black cab Christmas fares to rise in Wolverhampton
Wolverhampton | Jul 13, 2019
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PETA India welcomed initiatives taken by state governments to shut down illegal slaughterhouses
New Delhi: People for The Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) India welcomed initiatives taken by the governments of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan to shut down illegal slaughterhouses – and it fired off a letter to all other states and union territories urging them to follow suit, which means closing down slaughterhouses that aren’t licensed by appropriate authorities and that use cruel practices which are prohibited by law.
The 17 February 2017 order of the Supreme Court states that the compendium of Indian acts and rules prepared by the government of India must be complied with by the state governments and union territories. Previously, PETA India wrote to the central government and all state governments and union territories urging them immediately to implement the provisions of the Food Safety and Standards (Licensing and Registration of Food Businesses) Regulations, 2011, pertaining to establishment and functioning of slaughterhouses as well as those of the Central Motor Vehicles (Eleventh Amendment) Rules, 2015, which provides special requirements for motor vehicles that transport livestock. Yet most slaughterhouses in the country remain unregistered.
Between 2004 and 2017, PETA India was part of a Supreme Court case against the common illegal treatment of animals during transport and slaughter, which the group has extensively documented. In addition to ordering a crackdown on illegal slaughterhouses, the court called upon states to set up enforcement committees to monitor the treatment of animals used for meat and leather. However, most states and union territories had failed to report back to the court that they took substantial action.
“At most slaughterhouses, workers hack at animals’ throats with dull blades. Skinning and dismembering often begin while they’re still alive – and in full view of other animals”, says PETA India Chief Executive Officer Poorva Joshipura. “People who do not want to support animal suffering must make the decision to live a vegan lifestyle.”
In August 2016, a surprise inspection of the Ghazipur slaughterhouse in Delhi by the Mayor of the East Delhi Municipal Corporation –which PETA India and People for Animals were present for – found huge atrocities, showing unlawful cruelty is common even at so-called modern facilities. Stunning, a legally-required facility that renders animals unconscious, was not being carried out on sheep or buffaloes before their throats were slit. Buffaloes were electrocuted by placing live wires on them before slitting their throats and hoisting their bodies onto hooks while they were still conscious.
PETA India seeks to remind the public that the beef industry is connected to the dairy industry, as the dairy industry is a key supplier of animals to the beef industry – and we urge the public to help end this trade by going dairy-free. Male calves, considered worthless by the dairy industry, are left to starve, abandoned, or are sent to be slaughtered. When they’re no longer useful for milk, females are typically sent to be killed as well. In defiance of the law, many animals slated for slaughter are crammed into severely crowded trucks, which routinely cause suffocation and broken bones. Others are marched to the slaughterhouse, and along the way, handlers break their tails and smear chili pepper and tobacco into their eyes to keep them moving. At the slaughterhouse, they typically have their throats slit in full view of each other, which too is a violation of law.
It’s been estimated that there are more than 30,000 illegal, unlicensed slaughterhouses in India. Although cruelty to animals is also rampant in licensed facilities, to make matters worse, the leather industry has no system in place to ensure that its skins are not obtained from illegal slaughterhouses.
PETA India reminds consumers that raising and killing animals for food and leather is a leading cause of water pollution, land degradation, and the greenhouse-gas emissions that are responsible for climate change. In addition, the consumption of meat, eggs, and dairy foods contributes to heart disease, strokes, diabetes, cancer, and obesity.
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Odisha Diary bureau
Multi Disciplinary Terror Monitoring Group has been constituted in the State of J&K. Terrorist initiated incidents saw a decline of 28%
4th Director General Level Talks held between NCB, India and CCDAC, Myanmar to take concerted actions against drug trafficking
Nominations for Padma Awards-2020 open till 15th September, 2019
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Sittin' 'Round the Summer Campfire, Part One
We took some time off recently and headed to the far north woods with two of the wisest hockey pundits in North America to talk about the summer, the upcoming season, and life in general.
No, not Pierre McGuire and Mike Milbury… our own cousins, Fearless and Cheerless. We’ll try and convey to you some of the conversation. Just keep in mind, there was a lot of beer involved…
Well, guys, here we are in the middle of nowhere…
“You mean Cole Harbour?”
No, Cheerless, it’s just a figure of speech… we’re here in the middle of nowhere, with no cell phones, no BlackBerrys, no text messaging, no Twitter… FEARLESS!
“Uh, sorry, cuz… I just had to tweet about what we were doing…”
Gimme that!... –skip-skip-skip-ploop…-- there, that’ll take care of that. You don’t have any gadgets with you, do you, Fearless?
“No, cuz… I thought Twitter was a defenseman playing for the Islanders.”
Now… where were we? Oh, yeah… out here in the great outdoors, nothing but the clear starry night, a campfire, and…
“…beer.”
Yeah, beer… but hey, I haven’t seen you guys since the Penguins knocked the Caps out of the playoffs.
“They did? Shoot, I thought that was just some dream I had when I got after a few too many PBRs…”
No, Cheerless, they did knock out our Caps. What, you don’t know that Sergei Fedorov and Viktor Kozlov signed to play in Russia?
“WHAT?!?!?”
And Donald Brashear…
“Watch it, cuz… I don’t know if he can take this.”
… was signed by the Rangers.
“uhhhhhhhhhhh… I’m gonna be sick.”
“Now hold on, Cheerless, we got Mike Knuble.”
“A FLYER?!?!?... oh man, why don’t you just put a dress on me and call me ‘Briere?’”
Guys, guys… let’s get a grip. It’s been a busy summer. What do you think of the Caps signing Brendan Morrison?
“Well, the Caps lead the league in Morrison’s.”
“They have Brendan, too?...They have all the Morrison’s in the league!”
Guys… can he play? He missed 43 games two seasons ago, but on the other hand, in the other seven seasons combined, he missed one game. In seven full seasons, not including that injury-shortened one, he’s had at least 16 goals in all of them and at least 31 assists in all of them until last year, when he finished with 15 helpers, split between the Ducks and the Stars. Over his career, he’s averaged 19-36-55, +6, five power play goals, and four game-winners per 82 games played.
“You do all that math in your head, cuz?”
Hush… now, can he play?
“Well, Sergei Fedorov and Michael Nylander – combined – were 20-46-66, +4, with six power play goals and four game-winners. If Morrison just has an average year, he’s in the neighborhood.”
“Cuz, not to wet all over your good time, but did you know that since the 2002-2003 season, his points on an 82 game basis has decreased in just about every season? The only one it didn’t, he got hurt.”
His time on ice has decreased in every year, too – from more than 21 minutes a game in 2002-2003 to just over 14 last year. If he gets second line minutes, like the 16:30 a game Fedorov got last year, he might still be a 60-point player.
“Yeah, if he’s healthy, and if he can find a right wing to play with on that second line.”
Speaking of which, assuming Knuble is on the right wing on the top line, who gets that second slot?
“How ‘bout a second – urp – beer…”
You look like you’re on your second six-pack, Cheerless.
“He’s in training.”
Well, everyone needs their own training camp, I guess… we’ll get back to that second line right wing. But what about Knuble. Think he’ll make a difference?
“He could be the greatest ‘22’ in Caps history.”
“Did you forget Steve Konowalchuk?”
How ‘bout Dino?
“And don’t forget Lew Morrison.”
“Geez, another Morrison?”
Hey…guys? Knuble?
"Yeah, I was up there once… loved that Skloosh ride…"
That’s Knoebels, you goober, the amusement park. Knuble… Mike Knuble, the hockey player.
"Well, tell us what you think, cuz…"
-sigh- OK… here’s what jumps out at me. Since 2002-2003, 37 games, 21-9-30, +6, 4-3-7 on the power play and three game-winning goals…
…against Pittsburgh.
Posted by The Peerless at 9:34 PM 1 comment:
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Washington Capitals 2016-2017 Previews -- Defensemen: Nate Schmidt
“Enthusiasm is the mother of effort, and without it nothing great was ever achieved.”
-- Ralph Waldo Emerson
If you can find a picture of Washington Capitals defenseman Nate Schmidt in which he is not grinning, keep it. They are rare and might be worth something someday. You could go back, perhaps to the dawn of franchise history, and not find a Capital who included a smile on all but permanent display. You almost can hear him utter the famous Ernie Banks quote about his love and enthusiasm for the game… “It’s a beautiful day for a game, let’s play two.”
It even goes back to when he was a sophomore at St. Cloud Cathedral High School in Minnesota, an outfielder/pitcher whose favorite TV show was “Family Guy (according to the Caps media guide, it still is).”
And why shouldn’t he be happy? He was not drafted by an NHL team, but he played three seasons in his home state for one of the storied programs in NCAA hockey at the University of Minnesota. He signed a free agent contract with the Washington Capitals, and split time between the Caps and the AHL Hershey Bears for two seasons before sticking full-time with the Caps last season. In 2015-2016, Schmidt set a personal best in games played (72), tied a career-high in goals (two), tripled his career assist total (14; he had seven going into the season), and more than doubled his career point total (16; he had ten when the season started.
It was also a case of the more ice time Schmidt got in 2015-2016, the better the Caps did. Washington was 18-3-3 in games where Schmidt skated more than 20 minutes, 31-15-4 in games in which he skated less than 20 minutes. That might be an effect of the Caps leading in games and having more of a luxury to give a third pair defenseman like Schmidt more ice time than they would if they were trying to come from behind, but neither Schmidt nor the Caps suffered with more ice time.
Fearless’ Take…
Schmidt has not been a dominant possession player, but he has been a consistent one. In each of his three seasons with the Caps, he finished the year over 50 percent Corsi-for at 5-on-5. He was at 50.60 percent in 2015-2016, fourth among Caps defensemen with at least 100 5-on-5 minutes (numbers from Corsica.hockey). And that smile isn’t plastered on his face all the time. Schmidt logged the first two fighting majors of his career in 2015-2016, one against Tampa Bay’s J.T. Brown on December 12th, the other against Arizona’s Max Domi on April 2nd. They were the first fights for Schmidt since his USHL days in 2009-2010. He had only six penalty minutes all season outside of those fights, and he had only two penalty minutes at home all season, and that was a delay-of-game penalty against Montreal the day after Christmas. Small wonder he got a third-place vote in the Lady Byng voting for most gentlemanly player, even with the two fights.
Cheerless’ Take…
Another case of, “yeah, and what did you do during the playoffs?” Ten games, one point (an assist), minus-3, no shots on goal in six of the ten games in which he did play, just nine minutes of ice time in Game 5 against Pittsburgh in the second round, and he was benched for the Caps’ next game –their last of the season – the overtime loss to Pittsburgh in Game 6. It was an extension of the tail end of his regular season in which he was 0-5-5, minus-1 in his last 35 games. That’s 0-6-6, minus-5 in the last 45 games in which he played last season.
The Big Question… Is Nate Schmidt now a permanent fixture on the Caps’ blue line?
In three years with the Caps, Nate Schmidt has made modest progress toward becoming a permanent member of the top-six on defense. His games played progressed from 29 to 39 to 72, and he got his first taste of postseason action last spring. There is, however, the matter of his performance over the last half of the season. It was not a major step backward, but his progress seemed to have stalled. Perhaps it was a product of the season’s length, his playing in more games in the NHL that in his first two seasons combined and more minutes (about three more minutes per game at even strength than in 2014-2015).
It is all but certain that Schmidt will be penciled in on the third pair and will fill that role on a regular basis, absent injuries. It is a situation that should suit the Caps and Schmidt well, the team being talented and deep enough to accommodate Schmidt’s continued progress up the ladder of development and experience.
Nate Schmidt is a “young” 25 years old in terms of his NHL experience to date – 140 regular season and ten postseason games. He has a good foundation under him, and he has made progress in sufficient amounts and timing to suggest that he is not done improving. This season will open a little bit differently for Schmidt in that there is little question at the top that he’s in the top-six. Given the Caps’ situation once they get past the top-six, it will be important to solidify his position and improve on the gains he has made.
The biggest part of that is going to be, as it will be for a number of young Capitals who underperformed late in the season and in the playoffs, avoiding a late-season swoon. A third-pair defenseman is not going to carry the club for any length of time, if at all, but neither can he disappear at that time of year, either. If Nate Schmidt can make timely, if not a high volume, of contributions late in the season and into the spring, he and the Caps will have a lot to smile about over next summer.
Projection: 74 games, 4-14-18, plus-11
Photo: Patrick Smith/Getty Images North America
Posted by The Peerless at 12:00 PM No comments:
Labels: 2016-2017 previews, Nate Schmidt, NHL, the peerless prognosticator, Washington Capitals
Washington Capitals 2016-2017 Previews -- Defensemen: Brooks Orpik
Ah, when to the heart of man
Was it ever less than a treason
To go with the drift of things,
To yield with a grace to reason,
And bow and accept the end
Of a love or a season?”
Thirteen seasons, 822 regular season games, 112 postseason games , ten trips to the playoffs, two trips to the Stanley Cup finals, one Stanley Cup. Since he played his first full season in the NHL in the 2003-2004 season, only a dozen defensemen have appeared in more regular season games, and only ten defensemen have appeared in more postseason games. But when the 2015-2016 season ended, Orpik was in the top 15 on another list. He was the 13th oldest defenseman in the NHL.
Orpik’s 13th season in the NHL was unusual for its brevity. The 41 games he played was the fewest he played in any season since he appeared in six games for the Pittsburgh Penguins in his first year in the NHL, in 2002-2003. He missed 40 games to a cracked femur. Then, in the playoffs, he missed three games as the result of a hit he took from Ryan White in the first round against the Philadelphia Flyers, then he missed three more games in the second round against the Pittsburgh Penguins for his hit on Penguin defenseman Olli Maatta.
At the highest level, Orpik’s absence did not reflect well on his presence in the lineup. In the regular season, the Caps were 26-11-4 with Orpik in the lineup, 30-7-4 in his absence. The club did better with Orpik in the postseason lineup, though, going 4-2 when he was in the lineup, 2-4 when he was not.
His three goals in 41 games did not make him a Bobby Orr as an offensive defenseman, but the 0.07 goals per game was a career best, more than doubling his previous per-game goal scoring high (0.03 goals-per-game with Pittsburgh in 2005-2006).
Brooks Orpik was the only defenseman in the league appearing in at least half of his team’s games who averaged at least 3.0 hits and at least 2.5 blocked shots per game. He also had his personal best season of Corsi-for at 5-on-5, posting a 52.55 percent mark, a substantial improvement over the 49.64 percent mark he recorded for the Caps in 2014-2015 and second-best among Capitals defensemen last season (numbers from Corsica.hockey). Only once in 41 games did he post a plus-minus worse than a minus-1 (it was a doozy – a minus-4 in a 5-2 loss to the New York Rangers on November 3rd). And there was an odd fact about his presence in the lineup. The Caps did not lose a game in regulation in which he skated more than 21 minutes (12-0-3).
Quality of competition seemed to be an issue for Orpik this season. In 11 regular season games against Eastern Conference playoff qualifiers he did not have a point and was a minus-5. Add in his performance in six playoff games, and it is no points and a minus-8 in 17 games against playoff-qualifying teams. And, for a player whose contributions tend to the more physical and defensive side of the ledger, it did not seem to matter much. In games in which Orpik recorded four or more hits, the Caps were 11-4-2, 15-7-2 when he recorded fewer than four hits. Washington was 10-4-2 when Orpik recorded three or more blocked shots, 11-7-2 when he had fewer than three blocked shots.
The Big Question… Can Brooks Orpik be the physical and emotional anchor of the defense?
When Brooks Orpik was signed to a five-year/$27.5 million contract on July 1, 2014, Capitals general manager Brian MacLellan said, “We feel Brooks’ leadership and experience will greatly enhance our defense for years to come. Brooks plays tough minutes against the opposition’s best players.” Assistant coach Todd Reirden said, “His maturity, he’s won Stanley Cup, he’s been a part of good defensive team and his leadership I think would be a great fit for any team. I’d like it to be here as well.” He was a player with more than 700 regular season games on his resume and two trips to the Stanley Cup finals, winning once. And, he was durable, never having appeared in fewer than 60 games in a full season in his career, save for the six game cup-o’-coffee he got as a first year player.
However, his appearing in only 41 regular season games last season due to a serious leg injury, then missing three playoff games due to a head injury in the postseason, when combined with his age (36 on Opening Night) raises the question of whether he can be that night-in, night-out anchor of stable and dependable defensive play this season he was counted on being when that contract was signed. This could be an important issue for the Capitals, whose talent on the blue line drops off rather precipitously after the top-six and is not especially deep after their top-seven.
The 2015-2016 season might be the best opportunity for the Capitals to win a Stanley Cup for a while. They have the mix of skill and grit, of youth and experience, to make that a possibility. For Brooks Orpik, it could be his last career opportunity to win a Stanley Cup. Looming over this season for him is the possibility that he would be exposed in the expansion draft when the new Las Vegas entry in the NHL begins to assemble its roster.
On this team, he could very well be given third-pair minutes, depending on how the Caps choose to use Dmitry Orlov. It would provide some relief from stiffer competition, and the fewer minutes (based on last year’s 5-on-5 ice time among Caps defensemen, perhaps 1-2 minutes per game) could leave Orpik perhaps just a bit fresher in the spring. In any case, for at least one more season, Brooks Orpik will be doing no bowing to or accepting of his career winding down.
Projection: 60 games, 1-7-8, plus-10
Photo: Bruce Bennett/Getty Images North America
Labels: 2016-2017 previews, brooks orpik, NHL, the peerless prognosticator, Washington Capitals
Washington Capitals 2016-2017 Previews -- Defensem...
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The Five Spot Quintet w Michael Greensill
The Band:
Saxophonist Charlie McCarthy comes from a musical family: his father was an accomplished trombone player in the Bay Area. His playing experience includes many of the greats in jazz, including Ella Fitzgerald, Joe Henderson, Bobby Hutcherson, George Shearing, Stan Getz, Joe Williams, and many others. He’s contributed some adventurous arrangements to the repertoire. He’s featured on both tenor sax and flute.
Joe Cohen, featured on alto sax, is one of the most in demand players in the Bay Area, with a busy schedule performing locally and on tour, as well as studio work. Always the right note at the right time with an impeccable rhythmic feel. In addition to playing soprano, alto, tenor and baritone saxophones, Joe plays piano, flute and clarinet. A partial list of notable players he’s worked with includes Bobby McFerrin, Dr. Lonnie Smith, Idris Muhammad and Lavay Smith. As well as a distinctive voice on sax, Joe contributes to the repertoire.
John Clark, on bass, studied with Ray Brown and Buster Williams and has extensive performing and recording experience both locally and nationally, appearing with Dan Hicks and the Hot Licks, Frank Jackson, the Hot Club of San Francisco, Denise Perrier and Jackie Ryan among many others.
Drummer Jack Dorsey is a first call in the Bay Area and has performed and recorded with Etta James, Jimmy Witherspoon, Lavay Smith and many others.
For this gig, the band has put together a program of original tunes that you won’t hear anywhere else and new arrangements of jazz standards. The essence of jazz is originality no matter shat the style
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PARKLAND BASKETBALL CLUB RULES
1.0 GOVERNING RULES. Florida High School Athletic Association rules will govern play with the exceptions covered herein.
2.0 DIVISIONS. The player’s (the “Player”) school grade will determine the division he/she participates in. Divisions may be made up of Players in one or more school grades depending on the number of Players in each school grade. Each division will be governed by a director (the “Division Director”).
3.0 TEAMS AND COACHES
3.1 Number of Players. Each team (the “Team”) will consist of a minimum of 7 Players and a maximum of 8 Players. 8-Player Teams are preferred.
3.2 Number of Teams. The number of Teams will be determined by the number of registered Players.
3.3 Number of Coaches. There will be a limit of two coaches per Team, one head coach (the “Head Coach”) and one assistant coach (the “Assistant Coach”).
4.0 PLAYER EVALUATION AND DRAFT RULES
4.1 Player Evaluation. Prior to the player draft (the “Player Draft”), each division will conduct a player evaluation (the “Evaluation”). Each Player will be required to attend the Evaluation to be guaranteed a roster spot on a team. During the Evaluation, all Players will perform a number of routine skills. Coaches will observe and rate the Players based on their ability. Players who miss the Evaluation or register late will not be guaranteed a roster spot, but may be eligible for the Player Draft depending upon the number of participants in their division. The purpose of the Evaluation and the Player Draft is to achieve parity amongst the teams within a division. Head coaches, Division Directors and all league members privy to the Players’ ratings shall keep such information confidential.
4.2 Player Draft.
The Player Draft shall be scheduled by the Division Director after the Evaluation. Teams will be chosen by the Head Coaches during the Player Draft. No one other than the Division Director and the Head Coaches shall attend the Player Draft. Each division shall use a “Snake” type draft. The order of the Draft will be selected by random draw, however, a Head Coach whose child is rated in the top two rounds of the Player Draft will be slotted based on his/her rating and that Head Coach’s Team will be assigned a selection in the first or second round accordingly. Example 1 - if the Head Coach’s child is the 3rd highest ranked player in an 8-team division, the Head Coach will select his child with the 3rd selection in the first round and will then have the 6th selection in the second round. Example 2 - if the Head Coach’s child is the 15th highest ranked Player in an 8-team division, the Head Coach will have the second selection in the first round and will select his child with the 7th selection in the second round. If a Head Coach’s child’s skill rating is outside of the first two rounds of the Player Draft, that Head Coach’s child will be slotted in a draft round in accordance with his/her skill rating. Example - if the Head Coach’s child is slotted in the fifth round as a result of his skill rating, the Head Coach must select his child in the fifth round of the Player Draft.
All Players must be drafted. A Head Coach may not be assigned a Player prior to the draft. In the event a Head Coach would like to coach with a specific Assistant Coach, the Head Coach must draft the Assistant Coach's child(ren).
Any Player who does not like the Team they are selected to must either play for that Team or not participate. Under very unusual circumstances, the Division Director has the authority to allow a Player to switch teams if it is determined that such a change is critically necessary.
Siblings in the same Division will automatically be placed on the same Team. Parents may request however that siblings not be drafted to the same Team. Note: Once the first sibling is drafted, the other sibling will be placed on the same Team in the Draft round according to his/her Evaluation rating.
Once the Draft is concluded and no other special circumstances are acknowledged, there will be no trading of Players for any reason. If a trade is proposed for a special circumstance during the Draft, and the Division Director concurs, the Head Coaches must approve the trade by majority vote. Once a Player is drafted or placed on a Team, he/she will remain on that Team for the duration of the season, unless an unforeseen problem arises that must be resolved by the Division Director.
5.1 Games. Games will be played in accordance with the schedule set by the League Board. All teams will play approximately 14 regular season games followed by a double-elimination playoff with teams being seeded by record for the first round.
5.2 Practice. Teams are limited to two 1-hour practice sessions per week prior to the commencement of regular season games and one 1-hour practice session during the regular season and playoffs. Practice times and locations will be made available to the Head Coaches by the League Board.
5.3 Inclement Weather. During inclement weather, Teams scheduled to play must come to the park unless the game has been officially canceled by their Division Director or a Board Member. Safety of the players is the primary concern and will be the determining factor in whether a game should be canceled. In the event a game is canceled, each Division Director will contact their Coaches, who in turn should contact their Players. The league will also update its website accordingly.
6.0 GAME RULES
6.1 Starting Time. All games will start at the scheduled time, unless a Team cannot field enough players, in which case a 10-minute grace period will be granted. If after the 10-minute grace period, a Team does not have at least 4 players, that team will forfeit the game.
6.2 Length of Games. Games will consist of four 8-minute quarters. There will be a one-minute intermission between the 1st & 2nd and 3rd & 4th quarters, and a two-minute intermission at half-time. During the regular season, one 2-minute overtime period will be played. If the score is still tied at the end of the overtime period, the game will end in a tie. In a playoff game, additional 2-minute overtime periods will be played until the tie is broken.
6.3 Inclement Weather. In the event a regular season game is suspended because of conditions which make it impossible to play, the game will be considered a complete game if at least 3 quarters have been completed. In the event a playoff game is suspended because of conditions which make it impossible to continue play, the game will be rescheduled from where it left off.
6.4 Time Clock.
6.4.1 Timekeeper and Scorekeeper.
One Team shall be responsible for having an adult operate the time clock/scoreboard (the “Timekeeper”) and one Team shall be responsible for having an adult keep the scorebook (the “Scorekeeper”). If there is no Timekeeper or Scorekeeper at the scheduled start time of the game, the Team that has failed to provide the Timekeeper or Scorekeeper shall have 10 minutes after the scheduled game to provide one. If the Team still fails to provide one, that team will forfeit the game.
The Timekeeper and the Scorekeeper are prohibited from coaching, communicating with, or instructing Players during the game.
No one under the age of 16 will be allowed at the scorer’s table, unless specifically authorized by a Division Director.
6.4.2 Running Clock.
Each quarter will use a running clock, except for the last two minutes of the second quarter, the fourth quarter and overtime.
During running clock time, the clock will only stop for timeouts, free throws, injuries or at a referee’s discretion. Exception: If a Team is ahead by 20 points or more at any time in the 4th quarter or by 15 points or more in the final 2 minutes of the 4th quarter, the clock for the remainder of the 4th quarter will only stop for time-outs or at a referee’s discretion.
6.5 Playing Time and Substitutions.
6.5.1 Minimum and Maximum Playing Time. Each Player present prior to the 2nd quarter of the game must play two 8-minute quarters, one in each half. No Player can play in all 4 quarters of a game until all other Players have played in 3 full quarters.
6.5.2 Player Arriving after 2nd Quarter. A Player arriving after the start of the 2nd quarter shall, at the Head Coach's discretion, play either one or two 8-minute quarters in the second half.
6.5.3 Player Arriving after 3rd Quarter. A Player arriving after the start of the 3rd quarter is not eligible to play.
6.5.4 Teams with 7 or More Players. When a team has 7 or more Players before halftime, NO PLAYER MAY PLAY IN ALL 4 QUARTERS (each Player must sit at least one quarter from start to finish). If it is not possible to have every Player sit due to Players arriving after the start of the 2nd quarter, a coach must have as many Players as possible sit one full quarter, and the opposing Head Coach can choose, prior to the start of the third quarter, one Player, who played the entire first half, to sit out one full quarter in the second half.
6.5.5 Substitutions for Injury/Fouls. A Player forced to leave the game due to injury/illness, fouling out, committing 4 fouls in their first quarter of play, or being charged with a technical foul (a Player receiving a technical foul must sit out the remainder of the quarter and the next quarter, or if after the end of a quarter, then the next two quarters, shall receive credit for playing the entire quarter (and the following quarter in the event of a technical foul). The substituting Player shall not receive credit for playing in that quarter. Upon one of these occurrences, the Player on the bench who has played the least number of quarters shall replace the Player leaving the game. If two or more Players on the bench have played in the least number of quarters, the opposing coach may select one of these Players that may not replace the Player leaving the game. An injured Player shall return to the game in that quarter, if deemed able by a referee, and shall replace the Player who replaced him/her.
6.5.6 Teams with 6 or Less Players vs. Teams with 7 or More Players. If a Team has 6 or less Players at the start of a game, an opposing Team with 7 or more Players may select, prior to the start of the game, up to two Players from the Team with 6 or less Players who cannot play in all 4 quarters.
6.5.7 1st Quarter Substitutions. If requested by the Head Coach, a referee will call an “Official Time-out” at the first stoppage of play (including made baskets) at or after the 4-minute mark in the first quarter, so that Teams having 7 or more Players may make one substitution. Teams with 7 players may substitute only 1 player. Teams with 8 players may substitute 2 players. The Players entering and leaving the game will not receive credit for playing an entire quarter and therefore must both play the entire 2nd quarter. This rule is intended to encourage and enable coaches to divide playing time as equally as possible.
6.5.8 4th Quarter Substitutions. Except as noted in Section 6.5.7, Player substitutions can only be made once the Players entering and leaving the game have both played 2 full quarters. Because every Player must play at least one full quarter in each half, there can be no substitutions in the second and third quarters.
6.5.9 Checking In. All Players must check-in at the Scorer’s Table before entering the game.
6.6 Bench Personnel; Coaches Standing. The Team, the Head Coach and the Assistant Coach will be the only people permitted on the bench. Only the Head Coach is permitted to stand during the game. The first violation shall be a warning followed by a technical foul for each subsequent violation. The Head Coach shall lose his/her privilege to stand during the game if a technical foul, for any reason, is issued to the Head Coach, the Assistant Coach or any Player on the bench.
6.7 Full Court Defense. In divisions where full court defense is permitted, a Team leading by 15 points or more may not play full court defense.
6.8 Time-Outs. Each Team is permitted 4 time-outs per game. Teams will receive one additional time-out in each overtime period.
6.9 Injury/Illness. Any Player who suffers a head injury or displays symptoms of heat exhaustion, heat stroke, etc. during the game may continue to play only at the referee’s discretion. The Player’s health and safety will be the sole determining factor.
6.10 Uniforms. Players must wear unaltered league provided uniforms for every game. Any violation for failing to comply will result in a technical foul at the start of the game. Jerseys must be tucked in at the start of each quarter and re-tucked during any stoppage of play. If a Player does not have the issued jersey, he/she may wear a substitute shirt, without numbers, that does not conflict with the color of the opposing Team’s jerseys. The referee shall be informed of the substitute shirt prior to the game.
6.11 Protesting a Game. The Head Coach of a Team may lodge a protest with their Division Director within 4 hours of the conclusion of a game if he/she believes the opposing Team broke a Club rule that gave it an unfair advantage. The Board of Directors will review the protest and issue a determination.
7.0 CODE OF CONDUCT
7.1 Unsportsmanlike Conduct.
Any Club Member (includes Players, parents of Players and coaches), who commits any unsportsmanlike act within the confines of the park where league activity occurs, including, but not limited to, disrespectfully addressing a coach, board member or official, use of profanity, or acting in any manner that threatens injury or may result in a Player, coach, official or spectator being injured, will be subject to disciplinary action as the Board deems appropriate and will receive a double technical foul and be ejected from the game, if applicable.
Any Player or Coach that is ejected from a game will serve a 1-game suspension and sit out the next game.
An accumulation of 4 points in the same season will automatically result in the expulsion of the Player or Coach from the league for the remainder of the season and no refund will be given. Each technical foul shall count as 1 point and each double technical foul shall count as 2 points.
The Board, at its discretion, may choose to review each case of unsportsmanlike conduct and assess any other additional disciplinary action as it deems appropriate.
Two incidences of unsportsmanlike conduct in the same season will automatically result in the expulsion of the Player or Coach from the league for the remainder of the season and no refund will be given.
Any Club Member who verbally threatens, physically assaults or intentionally injures anyone while participating in any Club activity will be ejected from the game and immediately suspended from the league. No refund will be given under such circumstance. Any Player or Coach who has been suspended from the league is required to appear before the Board and receive their approval prior to registering for participation in any subsequent season.
The Board of Directors reserves the right to suspend any Player or coach whose overall conduct is found to be unacceptable pursuant to the standards and/or Bylaws of the Club.
To prevent anyone other than coaches from coaching the game and interfering with the game and its players, the lane outside the fences between Courts 2 and 3 and the sideline behind the benches of Court 4 must be kept clear. In the event of a violation of this rule, the referee will stop the game until all in violation are removed. If such conduct continues, the referee will issue a technical foul to the offending team, the parent/spectator interfering will be removed and the parent’s/spectator's child will also be removed.
The head coach is responsible for the conduct of his assistant coach, players and parents/spectators. If a non-coaching parent's/spectator's actions is deemed unsportsmanlike or interfering with the integrity of the game, the referee will stop the game, discuss the matter with the head coach and the head coach will talk to the parent/spectator. If such conduct continues, the referee will issue a technical foul to the offending team, the parent/spectator will be removed and the parent’s/spectator's child will also be removed.
7.2 Keeping the Courts Clear. The only people permitted inside the fenced area during a game(s) are the Players, Coaches, Referees, Scorekeepers and Timekeepers involved in the game(s). Teams waiting to play must remain outside the fenced area. In the event of a violation of this rule, the referee will stop the game until all in violation are removed. If such conduct continues, the referee will issue a technical foul to the offending team, if applicable, and, the parent/spectator interfering will be removed and the parent’s/spectator's child will also be removed, if applicable.
7.3 Smoking and Drinking. Smoking or drinking of alcoholic beverages on the courts is prohibited.
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Joan L. Rice
Wednesday, June 19, 2019 by The Press in Obituaries
St. John’s Lutheran Church member
Joan L. Rice, 87, of Fullerton, died June 16, 2019, at home. She was the wife of Ethan “Budd” Rice for 64 years.
Raised in East Mauch Chunk, now Jim Thorpe, she was a daughter of the late Carl and Dorothea (Millhouse) Schlecht.
She was a 1949 graduate of East Mauch Chunk High School. She graduated magna cum laude from East Stroudsburg State Teachers College.
She worked in the Allentown School District and was a fifth- and sixth-grade math specialist at Sheridan Elementary School until she retired after 39 years.
She was a member of St. John’s Evangelical Lutheran Church, Whitehall, where she was a part of Bible study, the book discussion group, the vicar committee and the Jean Emanuel Scholarship committee. She was regarded as the church’s poet laureate and wrote a poem every month for its newsletter.
She bowled in the ASD league, with a high game of 250.
In addition to her husband, she is survived by a nephew, Carl R. and his wife Bonnie C. Brosious; a niece, Lori J. and her husband A. Bruce Daddi; two grandnephews, Justin and his wife Casey Brosious and Todd and his wife Nellie Brosious; three grandnieces, Elizabeth and her husband Matthew Jernegan and Laurel and Gina Daddi; four great-grandnieces/nephews, Gracie, Cameron, Vaughn and Alexander; a brother, Paul and his wife Joan Schlecht of Lehighton; and her husband’s extended family.
She was predeceased by a sister, Phyllis Brosious; and a brother Donald Schlecht.
There will be a calling hour 10-11 a.m., followed by a funeral service 11 a.m., June 22 at the church, 835 Third St., Whitehall, 18052.
Contributions may be made to the church.
Arrangements were made by GIlbert Funeral Home Inc., Whitehall.
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When Native communities adopt
May 28, 2007
Adoption: it’s an emotionally charged word.
Or perhaps I just think it is—because I was adopted as a baby. As often as not, when I tell that to people who don’t know me, there’s a moment where they search my face, wondering whether it’s okay to talk about it. Perhaps this is because the term is still linked, for many people, to questions of identity, loss of heritage, and sometimes shame.
When you couple the term “adoption” with “non-native” and “First Nations,” these negative associations often multiply further—thanks to the legacy of First Nations children being placed, by white social institutions, into the care of white families or group homes where, intentionally or not, they become alienated from their cultural and spiritual roots.
That’s why I was intrigued when I moved to northern BC and first heard about a very different kind of adoption. This one involved non-native people being ceremonially adopted, usually as adults, into First Nations communities.
Through casual inquiries, I learned that the practice is common among First Nations across Canada, and is regarded by anyone adopted as a highly meaningful and positive experience. It also became clear that most of my non-native peers were only dimly aware of it, if at all. When I set out to learn more, it was difficult to find much academic research on the subject.
“I don’t think it’s been written about or studied much…you might be on the cutting edge by asking these questions!” laughs Deanna Nyce, chief executive officer for the Wilp Wilxo’oskwhl Nisga’a, or the Nisga’a University College, in New Aiyansh. She is Tsimshian by birth, and Nisga’a by marriage. “This would be the subject of a great master’s thesis!”
Nyce, Frank Collison of the Council of the Haida Nation, and Larry Patsey, chief of the Dawamuuwx house in the Gitxsan’s Gisthaast (Fireweed) clan, explained what this kind of adoption involves.
According to them, some customs around “clan adoption” (as it’s sometimes called) of non-native people differ slightly from nation to nation, but key elements are consistent.
Adoptions take place during a formal ceremony, held on the group’s traditional territory during a feast. The feast is open to all house or clan members and is usually the occasion of other group business as well.
To formalize an adoption, a chief calls the prospective adoptee to the front. He then bestows a name on this person, in the language of the group, and announces it at least twice.
Sometimes the person is given exclusive right to use a name that has been consecutively ‘worn’ by individuals, and passed down through generations. It’s understood that the name will eventually be transferred to someone else after the wearer’s death.
But it’s unusual to offer non-natives such historical names, because they’re usually associated with bloodlines, leadership responsibilities, oral histories, traditional songs, and title to geographically defined areas for fishing, gathering and hunting. Because such rights aren’t conferred to a non-native through adoption, non-native adoptees more commonly receive a one-time name that has been chosen by clan members.
“In the last little while, there has been a trend toward creating new names, which aren’t historically important to the clan, so [historical] names can be reserved for clan members,” explains Collison. “We try to create a name that is suitable to that person’s characteristics or personality.”
Three years ago, Collison adopted a young woman into his family. Abby Mendez was very attached to his children, very involved with the community and like a daughter to him. During her adoption ceremony, he named her Jaadkoyas, or “precious girl,” and then he and two of his sisters wrapped a traditional Haida blanket around her shoulders.
Prayers, speeches and acknowledgements may follow the announcement of a name. Adoptees typically acknowledge the honour by offering a gift (such as money, food or other materials) to the person who calls their name, and sometimes to others who have figured prominently in their relationship with the group.
Nyce and Collison say anyone can initiate the adoption of a non-native person, but it must have the support of clan or house members, and be realized by an announcement from a hereditary chief or wing chief.
Forever after, the adoptee will be considered a member of the group, and even referred to as a brother, sister, daughter or son of group members. This also means that the adoptee cannot marry anyone within that clan.
“There’s also an obligation for people who are doing the adopting to embrace, include and educate their adoptees…about the family, the family stories, and what’s considered appropriate or inappropriate,” adds Nyce, who knows at least 10 non-native people who’ve been adopted into her house of Niist’axok’.
Of course, none of this will be news to Northword’s native readers. “We’ve been doing this since we existed,” says Nyce, noting that natives from other tribes can also be adopted into clans or houses. “And we’ve been adopting non-aboriginals at least since the official date of contact (with European immigrants).”
But non-native readers may well wonder, as I did, why adoptions of non-natives take place at all.
According to Nyce, Collison and Patsey, it’s to give a sense of place to people who’ve married into the community, chosen it as their home and/or because they’re recognized for outstanding work in, or on behalf of, the community.
By all accounts, being adopted this way can be a deeply moving experience. Antonia Mills, UNBC First Nations Studies professor, was adopted in the late 1960s by the Beaver people, about 115 kilometers south of Fort Nelson. She and her (then) husband had moved to the Prophet River reserve, as grad students, to do anthropological research.
“It felt incredibly welcoming,” she says. For her, it was the beginning of a deep connection with the Beaver that continues to this day. She believes it positively influenced the way she raised her own kids. They remember their adopted Beaver grandparents with affection.
Dorothy Smith, of the Native Ministries Consortium at the Vancouver School of Theology, can relate. During the 1990s, when she lived in Terrace, she became very aware of Nisga’a land claims issues, and developed a close friendship with Deanna Nyce’s mother, a Tsimshian woman named Bea Vermeer, who died in 1999. When Smith learned that it was Vermeer who had initiated her adoption into the Tsimshians, she was stunned.
“It was truly the highest honour that I’ve received in my life—that Bea and her family wanted me to be a part of that family,” she says.
Doug Donaldson, a councillor for the village of Hazelton, was adopted by Larry Patsey, chief of the Dawamuuwx house in the Gitxsan’s Gisthaast (Fireweed) clan, three years ago.
“We adopted Doug because he looked like an orphan,” joked Patsey, who has seen four non-native adoptions since assuming the role of house chief.
Patsey describes how this adoption came about: For more than 12 years, Donaldson had distinguished himself as a tireless champion of aboriginal rights, and a critical ally. For example, he’d helped found the Gitxsan-Wet’suwet’en School of Journalism, which trained First Nations to engage with media as journalists and communicators during the high-profile aboriginal rights case of Delgamuukw. He has also served as communications director for the Gitxsan Treaty Office, and helped found the Gitxsan-Wet’suwet’en Education Society.
“My brother and I really watched Doug for a few years, before asking him whether he wanted a place in our society,” says Patsey. “It was clear that he had a lot of respect for the Gitxsan culture and way of life. When we approached him, he said ‘yes’ right away.”
The name they chose for him—Aks Jabit, which means “has nothing to do,” was a humorous tribute to the well-known fact that Donaldson is pretty much always doing something in the Gitxsan interest.
“I felt very honoured, but I also felt nervous,” recalls Donaldson. “It’s a huge responsibility.” He was keenly aware, perhaps more than most adoptees, of what those responsibilities were, because his wife, Anne Docherty, had been adopted by the Wolf Clan seven years before.
“By being adopted, I am now accountable to my house members—and my actions reflect on all of them,” he explains. “I am obligated to help protect the house territory and ensure its sustainability. And if I bring shame onto myself, I shame the entire house group.”
Donaldson says that adoptees who remain in or near their adoptive communities are also expected to assist, financially or materially, with clan events such as potlatches, weddings and funerals.
But being adopted isn’t all about obligations.
“When I came to the Hazeltons 17 years ago, and saw the beauty of land, the incredible history and culture, I knew I wanted to stay. Now I know I’m connected even deeper.” says Donaldson. “It’s a privilege: by being adopted I’m now part of this larger entity, a family.”
“You can call on that family for help when you need it,” adds Nyce.
For Dorothy Smith, that support meant a lot. “When my ex-husband died, Deanna Nyce and her husband met with me, prayed for me, and offered me gifts and money from family members,” she says. “And being adopted has encouraged me to be more vocal about First Nations people and the issues they face, especially in regards to the church.”
In rarer cases it’s done strictly as an honour, without reciprocal obligations. For example, in 1969 the Nisga’a Eagle clan adopted visiting Indian Affairs Minister (and future Prime Minister) Jean Chretien.
But answers to questions about why specific people are adopted still left me in the dark about something. As far as I know, Canadians of other cultural traditions don’t feel compelled to formalize a new relationship between an individual and the entire community they’ve married into or helped in some significant way.
Antonia Mills has considered questions like these—not just from personal experience, but from the viewpoint of an anthropologist who has been studying First Nations culture for more than 25 years. “These are ‘kin-based societies,’” she says, explaining that First Nations societies are made up of people who use kin terms to define their relationships not only within their communities, but to people outside their communities.
“They’re used to fitting people in by making them part of the kinship system, which is part of the reason for the adoption. When we arrived (in Prophet River), there wasn’t any mechanism, other than adoption, to fit us in. Without it, they wouldn’t quite know how to treat you.”
Gitxsan chief Larry Patsey makes it even clearer that adoption of non-native people isn’t just a friendly gesture, but a necessary protocol to honour people who’ve earned a place in a particular First Nations community. It’s about acceptance, integration, and constructive cross-cultural relationships.
He explained it this way:
“A community is a collective, an effort on everyone’s part. If you’re in a community, you have to share some responsibility. Each family has a responsibility to support each other,” he says.
“If you’re not part of that, it’s hard to fit in, to support the community as a whole. You might go around doing your thing, but you don’t have that sense of belonging.
“Through adoption, we try to overcome that…by making sure every person that comes in to that community has a place they can call home, and support in time of need. We celebrate that.”
© Larissa Ardis 2007
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Home Phillips Library Manuscript Finding Aids Josephine Lee (Rantoul) Murray (1894-1962) Papers
Josephine Lee (Rantoul) Murray (1894-1962) Papers
JOSEPHINE LEE (RANTOUL) MURRAY (1894-1962) PAPERS, 1903-1947
Creator: Murray, Josephine Lee Rantoul, 1894-1962
Title: Josephine Lee (Rantoul) Murray (1894-1962) Papers
Quantity: 3 linear feet (6 boxes)
Abstract: This collection contains the personal papers of Josephine Lee (Rantoul) Murray, including personal correspondence, childhood records, diaries and journals, ephemera, newspaper clippings, and photographs. It contains several months of correspondence from Henry A. Murray, Jr. and several personal childhood diaries.
A. Letters To and From Friends
B. Henry A. Murray Letters
C. Letters While in Europe
SERIES II. Writings
A. Diaries
B. Notebooks and Journals
SERIES III. Photographs, Ephemera, and Genealogy
This collection contains the personal papers of Josephine Lee (Rantoul) Murray, including personal correspondence, childhood records, diaries and journals, ephemera, newspaper clippings, and photographs. It contains several months of correspondence from Henry A. Murray, Jr. and several personal childhood diaries. The collection has been organized into three series and arranged chronologically within the subseries.
Series I. Correspondence consists of three subseries. Subseries A. Letters To and From Friends consist of letters from friends and family and includes drafts of letters she wrote in pencil to same. Two primary sets of correspondence consist of letters from male friends, Gordon Grant and Bill, and to a lesser degree, Wally. Bill's letters, from Crawford Notch, New Hampshire, Glacial National Park, and Montreal, also contain news of his adventures and travels. Other letters are her drafts to friends, family and "Harry," as well as letters from her Aunt Elsie in Manchester-by-the Sea, Massachusetts. There are also a number of newspaper clippings of crew teams at Harvard, of the Saltonstall family, and assorted memorabilia. Subseries B. Henry A. Murray Letters contain over 125 letters written to Josephine from Henry while he was in New York pursuing his medical studies. The letters begin in October, 1915 and continue until their marriage in May, 1916. Subseries C. Letters While in Europe contain letters written while she was on an extended stay in Europe (England, France, Switzerland, and Monte Carlo) with her husband and daughter from June, 1937 to March, 1938. One collection of letters is written to her mother and another to her mother-in-law. There is a small collection of letters to other family members, which include postcards to Mrs. Neal Rantoul that may have been from other family members traveling with Mrs. Murray. A 1924 wireless letter while aboard the S.S. Scythia was sent to family in Beverly Farms informing them of safe passage.
Series II. Writings consists of two subseries. Subseries A. Diaries includes her personal diaries beginning in 1909 when she was 15 years old until 1916, the year of her marriage to Henry. Included in the later diaries are such memorabilia as Gordon Grant's metal name tag, sports schedules, and handwritten prayers. Also included in the pages are photographs of Harry and notes from him. Subseries B. Notebooks and Journals contain two notebooks in which she glued personal invitations to parties and events in Boston, Brookline, and other locations. She writes commentaries for each describing her experience of the event and others in attendance. There are also a number of partially completed journals with inspirational and religious quotations, poems, and school notes. One of the two travel journals written in 1909 describes a voyage from New York to Paris and then onto London. One notebook contains information about her wedding, attendees, gifts, and wedding party, as well as a domestic inventory.
Series III. Photographs, Ephemera, and Genealogy includes a photograph album she kept and several loose photographs, for the most part, unidentified. There is one photograph of her at three months of age taken with her mother. There is also a genealogy with photographs of the Saltonstall family and six of her report cards from The Misses May's School signed by her mother.
Josephine Lee (Rantoul) Murray was born in Beverly, Massachusetts on August 12, 1894. She was the daughter of Neal Rantoul (1870-1956) and Lucy Saltonstall Rantoul (1871-1947). Her father, Neal Rantoul was an 1892 graduate of Harvard, an investment banker in Boston, and former senior partner of F.S. Mosely Company. Her mother was the daughter of William Gurdon Saltonstall and Josephine Lee Saltonstall. She was a cousin of Senator Leverett Saltonstall and granddaughter of Salem Mayor, Robert S. Rantoul. Her younger sister, Lucy Saltonstall Rantoul (1913-1958), was married to Richard K. Thorndike.
Josephine grew up in Boston's Back Bay as well as the family home on West Beach, Beverly Farms, Massachusetts. She attended the Miss May's School and in 1912 was presented at Boston's Copley Plaza Hotel. On May 30, 1916 she married Dr. Henry "Harry" Alexander Murray, Jr. (1893-1988) of New York City. Dr. Murray attended Groton Prep School and Harvard College where he was captain of the crew team. He was a well-known clinical psychologist and member of the Harvard faculty where he was a professor of clinical psychology. As one of the founders of personality psychology, he was also responsible for the development of the Harvard Psychological Clinic.
After their marriage, the Murrays lived in New York City for several years before moving to Beacon Hill, Boston. They had one daughter, Dr. Josephine Lee Murray (1921-2012), a well-known pediatrician and philanthropist who lived in the Boston area.
Josephine traveled extensively in Europe and was also involved in many charity and social service organizations. In 1944 she became a trustee of Radcliffe College and also served on their governing council from 1950-1961. She died unexpectedly on January 14, 1962.
Belmont, Bessie Morgan
Curran Theresa
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
Grant, Gordon
Hooper, Mrs. William
McCall, Harry, Capt.
Murray, Henry A. (Henry Alexander), 1893-1988
Rantoul, Charlotte
Rantoul, Josephine Lee, 1894-1962
Rantoul, Lucy Saltonstall, 1871-1947
Rantoul, Neal, 1870-1956
Saltonstall, Elizabeth Sanders, 1825-1887
Saltonstall, William Gurdon, 1831-1889
Thorndike, Lucy
Timmerman, Louis Felix
S. S. Samaria
S. S. Scythia
The Misses May's School
Beverly Farms (Mass.)
Boston (Mass.)
Journals (Diaries)
Josephine Lee (Rantoul) Murray Papers, MSS 472, Phillips Library, Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, Mass.
This material was donated by the estate of Dr. Josephine Lee Murray (acc # 2013.011).
Collection processed by Carol Gray, December 2013.
"Funeral Services Thursday for Mrs. Henry A. Murray Jr." Boston Globe. ProQuest Historical Newspapers, 16 Jan. 1962. Web. 19 Nov. 2013.
"Mrs. Lucy S. Rantoul." Daily Boston Globe 08 Nov. 1947: 5. ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Boston Globe (1872-1981). Web. 18 Nov. 2013.
"Murray, Henry Alexander." Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. 2008, Margaret Alic, Paul Roazen, and "Murray, Henry A." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed.. 2013. "Murray, Henry Alexander." Encyclopedia.com. HighBeam Research, 01 Jan. 2008. Web. 1 Nov. 2013.
"Neal Rantoul." Boston Globe 28 Aug. 1956: 22. ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Boston Globe (1872-1981). Web. 18 Nov. 2013.
The Radcliffe Quarterly February (1962): 4. Radcliffe Archives. Web. 19 Nov. 2013. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:RAD.ARCH:4731683?n=11445
Harriet C. Rantoul Papers, 1800-1960, MSS 449
Rantoul Family Papers, 1800-1950, MSS 450
Robert S. Rantoul Papers, 1817-1920, MSS 448
Title Josephine Lee (Rantoul) Murray (1894-1962) Papers
Creator Murray, Josephine Lee Rantoul, 1894-1962
Publisher The Phillips Library at the Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, Massachusetts
Description This collection contains the personal papers of Josephine Lee (Rantoul) Murray, including personal correspondence, childhood records, diaries and journals, ephemera, newspaper clippings, and photographs. It contains several months of correspondence from Henry A. Murray, Jr. and several personal childhood diaries.
Subject Phillips Exeter Academy; S. S. Samaria; S. S. Scythia; The Misses May's School; Beverly Farms (Mass.); Boston (Mass.); Grant, Gordon; Murray, Henry A. (Henry Alexander), 1893-1988; Rantoul, Josephine Lee, 1894-1962; Rantoul, Lucy Saltonstall, 1871-1947; Rantoul, Neal, 1870-1956; Belmont, August; Belmont, Bessie Morgan; Curran Theresa; Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882; Hooper, Mrs. William; McCall, Harry, Capt.; Rantoul, Charlotte; Saltonstall, Elizabeth Sanders, 1825-1887; Saltonstall, William Gurdon, 1831-1889; Timmerman, Louis Felix; Thorndike, Lucy; Letter writing; Genealogy; American National Red Cross; Scrapbooks; World War, 1939-1945
Format (Genre) Journals (Diaries); Letters; Photographs
Provenance This material was donated by the estate of Dr. Josephine Lee Murray (acc # 2013.011).
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Home Phillips Library Manuscript Finding Aids John Greenleaf Whittier (1807-1892) Papers
John Greenleaf Whittier (1807-1892) Papers
JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER (1807-1892) PAPERS, 1791-1937
Creator: Whittier, John Greenleaf, 1807-1892
Title: John Greenleaf Whittier (1807-1892) Papers
Quantity: 5.5 linear feet (11 boxes)
Abstract: The John Greenleaf Whittier Papers are made up primarily of letters sent and received by Whittier.
SERIES I. Whittier Correspondence: Letters Sent
SERIES II. Whittier Correspondence: Letters Received
SERIES III. Writings by Whittier
SERIES IV. Whittier and Johnson Family Papers
The John Greenleaf Whittier Papers are made up primarily of letters sent and received by Whittier. The collection also includes poetry and prose by Whittier, financial records, printed material, and Whittier family genealogical notes. In addition, there are papers concerning the poet's sister, Elizabeth Whittier, and Whittier's cousins, Caroline Johnson (1821-1917), Abby Johnson Woodman (1828-1921), and her daughter Phebe Woodman (1869-1953) who resided with Whittier at Oak Knoll. The bulk of the papers are from the Oak Knoll Collection acquired from Phebe Woodman, and therefore focus on the period when Whittier lived in Danvers, 1876-1890. The collection has been divided into four series.
Series I. Whittier Correspondence: Letters Sent contains over 500 letters dating from 1833 to 1882. The series is arranged chronologically. The series includes letters sent to relatives, to long-time correspondents who shared Whittier's political and literary interests, and responses to some of the vast number of letters he received from admirers. The collection contains an extensive number of letters to his cousin, Abby Johnson Woodman, and her daughter, Phebe Woodman. These letters form a portrait of the poet's daily life chronicling his many illnesses, activities, and visits with his wide-ranging set of friends and acquaintances. There are also many letters to the author Mary Abigail Dodge, who wrote under the name Gail Hamilton. Two letters of particular interest concerning Whittier's early career as a political activities are to H. I. Bowditch (July 8, 1845) regarding Whittier's early career as a political writer, and to Henry Wilson (February 3, 1861) describing Whittier's impulse to let the southern states secede at the start of the Civil War. A note to an unknown admirer (April 29, 1881) discusses the source for several of the characters in the poem "Snowbound." A letter to the Haverhill Gazette, in response to the celebration of his 80th birthday all over the country, claims that he cares more for the goodwill of his fellow man than for his reputation as a poet (December, 17, 1887).
Series II. Whittier Correspondence: Letters Received contains over 1,000 letters dating from 1829 to 1892. The series is also arranged chronologically and indexed alphabetically by name of correspondent. Included in this series are large quantities of letters from friends, colleagues in political and reform activities, relatives, as well as a portion of the vast amount of mail Whittier received from admirers. Letters from James Fields discuss the publication of Whittier's work. Letters from Abby and Phebe Woodman, Lizzie Whittier, and Whittier relatives Ada and Gustavus Cambett concern daily life of some of the people Whittier was closest to. Whittier had a large set of correspondents in literary circles, and the collection contains letters from James Russell Lowell, William Dean Howells, and Oliver Wendell Holmes. A large part of Whittier's audience was composed of women, and he was known for the help and advice he gave to women writers. Letters from Mary Abigail Dodge (Gail Hamilton), Lucy Larcom, Sarah Orne Jewett, Annie Fields, Celia Thaxter, and Elizabeth Stuart Phelps discuss a variety of literary and personal matters. Letters from abolitionist Henry I. Bowditch, Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner, and Harriet Beecher Stowe reflect Whittier's activity in the anti-slavery movement. The letters of Whittier's distant relative Hannah Neall concern the continuing moral dilemma that the Quaker community felt over the Civil War. Whittier helped the former slave Charlotte Forten, and two letters written in 1863 discuss her career in the North.
Letters from strangers comprised the majority of mail that Whittier received as he grew older. Perhaps the best indication of his inundation is the fact that many of Whittier's poetry manuscripts are written on the backs of 'fan-mail' letters and autograph requests. Letters from Mumford, Underwood, and Duprez all discuss Southerners whose views have been swayed by Whittier's writings. Of the more typical letters, Rockwell's (February 28, 1873) discusses his appreciation of Whittier's writing. See Appendix I for an index to Whittier's correspondence.
Series III. Writings by Whittier include poetry, prose, and printed material. The poetry and prose manuscripts are arranged alphabetically by title (see Appendix II). In addition to the titled manuscripts, there are over thirty unidentified stanzas many of which were written when Whittier was young and were never published. In addition are lists of poems for books, handwritten translations of foreign verse and a copy of the contract for "Snowbound." Of interest in the prose manuscripts is an introduction to "Ichabod", Whittier's attack on Daniel Webster for his defense of the Fugitive Slave Law. The printed material consists primarily of newspaper clippings and reprints of poetry, prose, and memorabilia.
Series IV. Whittier and Johnson Family Papers contains a wide variety of material relating to Whittier's relatives and Oak Knoll. Included here are letters by Joseph Whittier, the poet's grandfather, John Whittier (1762-1830), his father, and Elizabeth Whittier (1815-1864), his sister. Whittier genealogy contains research notes done by Whittier's descendants. Material relating to the Johnson family includes letters, papers, and memorabilia of Whittier's cousins Abby Johnson Woodman (1828-1921), Caroline Johnson (1826-1922), and Phebe Woodman (1869-1953). Included here are the estate papers of Edmund Johnson, father of Abby and Caroline. The series also contains the correspondence of Robert Rantoul regarding his research for his book Some Personal Reminiscences of the Poet Whittier.
This series also includes envelopes of the correspondence sent and received by Whittier as well as photostats of Whittier letters in other repositories which were collected by the Essex Institute in the 1940s and 1950s.
John Greenleaf Whittier was born on December 17, 1807 on a farm near Haverhill, Massachusetts, to John and Abigail (Hussey) Whittier. He had an elder brother Matthew Franklin (died 1883), and two younger sisters, Mary Whittier Caldwell (died 1861) and Elizabeth (died 1864). Whittier sold the family farm and moved to Amesbury in 1836.
Heavily influenced by Robert Burns, Whittier began writing poetry as a teenager and published his first poems "The Exile's Departure" in William Lloyd Garrison's Newburyport Free Press in 1826. Over the next couple of years he continued to publish over eighty poems in local newspapers.
Whittier had an inconsistent education. He attended a district school for serval months in 1814-1815 and then the Haverhill Academy for two terms in 1827-1828. During this time, Whittier supported himself through shoemaking and teaching. Whittier was an avid reader, and was particularly interested in his father's books on the Quaker religion.
In 1829, Whittier edited the newspaper American Manufacturer in Boston from January to July. In 1830 he was appointed editor of the New England Weekly Review. In 1831, Whittier published his first book, Legends of New England.
Whittier joined the antislavery party at the urging of William Lloyd Garrison in 1833. He started writing abolitionist poems and publishing and was a founding member of the American Anti-Slavery Society. Whittier traveled widely publicizing the mission and values of the abolitionists and was attacked on at least one occasion in September 1835 in Concord, New Hampshire. In 1838, Whittier became the editor for the Pennsylvania Freeman. That same year, the Philadelphia office was burned and sacked. In 1839, Whittier and Garrison went separate ways, with the result that Whittier led the formation of the Liberty Party in 1840.
Throughout the 1830s Whittier continued to work on his poetry and publish through various venues. In October 1838, Whittier published his first authorized edition of Poems. In 1843, Whittier published Lays of My Home, in 1845 The Stranger in Lowell, and in 1846 Voices of Freedom. In 1847, Whittier became the corresponding editor for the National Era, an abolitionist weekly publication in Washington, D.C. In 1850, Whittier published "Ichabod" as a response to Daniel Webster's defense of the Fugitive Slave Law. He published The Chapel of Hermits, and Other Poems, "Maud Miller," "The Barefoot Boy," and The Panorama and Other Poems, from his base at Washington, D.C. between 1853 and 1856. One of his most famous publications, Snow-bound, was published in 1866 and sold over 20,000 copies by summer 1866. The Prose Works of John Greenleaf Whittier were also released in 1866. From 1867 to 1874, Whittier published The Tent on the Beach and Other Poems, The Poetical Works, The Pennsylvania Pilgrim, and Other Poems, and Hazel-Blossoms.
Whittier moved to Oak Knoll in Danvers, Massachusetts, with cousins in 1876 and lived there until the mid-1880s, although he retained legal residence in Amesbury. Attendants at Whittier's seventieth birthday celebration included Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Ralph Waldo Emerson, William Dean Howells, and Mark Twain. Whittier died on September 7, 1892 at the age of 84.
Alexander, Lucia Gray
Allison, William James
Arthur, Chester Alan, 1829-1886
Banks, Nathaniel Prentiss, 1816-1894
Barnard, Frederick, 1846-1896
Barton, Clara, 1821-1912
Bowditch, Henry I. (Henry Ingersoll), 1808-1892
Brewer, Gardner, 1806-1874
Burleigh, Margaret A.
Cammett, Ada
Chase, Salmon P. (Salmon Portland), 1808-1873
Child, Lydia Maria, 1802-1880
Claflin, William, 1818-1905
Cooke, Rose Terry, 1827-1892
Cuyler, Theodore, 1819-1876
Dana, Charles A. (Charles Anderson), 1819-1897
Dodge, Mary Abigail, 1833-1896
Dodge, Mary Mapes, 1830-1905
Durant, Henry Fowle, 1822-1881
Duyckinck, Evert A. (Evert Augustus), 1816-1878
Ellis, George Washington, 1875-1919
Fields, Annie, 1834-1915
Fields, James Thomas, 1817-1881
Fletcher, James C. (James Cooley), 1823-1901
Forten, Charlotte L.
Fowler, Hattie P. (Harriet Putnam), b. 1841 or 2
Fowler, Samuel Page, 1800-1888
Garrison, Francis Jackson, 1848-1916
Garrison, William Lloyd, 1805-1879
Graves, Mary Warner Caldwell
Grew, Mary, 1813-1896
Hale, Edward Everett, 1822-1909
Hallowell, Joshua L.
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 1841-1935
Howe, Julia Ward, 1819-1910
Howell, Elizabeth Lloyd, 1811-1896
Howells, William Dean, 1837-1920
James W. (James Willis), 1823-1893
Jewett, Sarah Orne, 1849-1909
Johnson, Caroline, 1826-1922
Johnson, Oliver, 1809-1889
Larcom, Lucy, 1824-1893
Lippincott, Sara Jane Clarke, 1823-1904
Lowell, James Russell, 1819-1891
Mann, Daniel, 1793-1830
Marble, Earl
Neall, Daniel, 1817-1894
Nichols, Charles Eliot
Perry, Nora, 1831-1896
Phelps, Elizabeth Stuart, 1844-1911
Proctor, Edna Dean, 1829-1923
Rantoul, Robert, 1778-1858
Spofford, Harriet Elizabeth Prescott, 1835-1921
Stoddard, Charles Warren, 1843-1909
Stoddard, Richard Henry, 1825-1903
Stone, Lucy, 1818-1893
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 1811-1896
Sturge, Joseph, 1793-1859
Sumner, Charles, 1811-1874
Tappan, Lewis, 1788-1873
Thaxter, Celia, 1835-1894
Tilton, Theodore, 1835-1907
Waterston, Anna Cabot Lowell Quincy, 1812-1899
Weld, Theodore Dwight, 1803-1895
Whittier family
Whittier, Elizabeth, 1815-1864
Whittier, John Greenleaf, 1807-1892
Whittier, John, 1762-1830
Whittier, Joseph F.
Whittier, Matthew F.
Willard, Frances E. (Frances Elizabeth), 1839-1898
Wilson, Henry
Winthrop, Robert C. (Robert Charles), 1809-1894
Woodman, Abby Johnson, 1828-1921
Woodman, Phebe Johnson, 1869-1953
Houghton, Mifflin and Company
Abolitionists
Poets, American
Amesbury (Mass.)
Danvers (Mass.)
Haverhill (Mass.)
Oak Knoll (Danvers, Mass.)
Salem (Mass.)
Requests for permission to publish material from the collection must be submitted in writing to the Manuscript Librarian in the Phillips Library at the Peabody Essex Museum.
John Greenleaf Whittier (1807-1892) Papers, MSS 106, Phillips Library, Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, Mass.
The John Greenleaf Whittier Papers are an integration of two collections: the Oak Knoll Collection and a collection of Whittier material acquired subsequently through purchase and donation (acc #88017, #85041, #87044, #90038, #90047, #86037, #86033, #90076, #91021, #91042, #1996.025, # 1997.070, #1999.011, #1999.016, and #1999.043). The Oak Knoll Collection contains the papers inherited by Whittier's niece Phebe Woodman Grantham of Danvers after the poet's death in 1892. The collection was purchased by the Essex Institute in 1931 with funds provided by Stephen Willard Phillips. All items from the Oak Knoll Collection have been marked "o.k." on the back. Material acquired after the Oak Knoll Collection has the accession date marked on the back. Box 9 contains Photostats of Whittier letters owned by other manuscript repositories. These copies were collected by the Institute in the 1940s and 1950s.
Collection processed by Ken Bowers, July 1983. Updated by Catherine Robertson, April 2015.
There are substantial collections of Whittier correspondence at the Houghton Library and the Huntington Library. Many of these letters, as well as several in this collection, have been published in The Letters of John Greenleaf Whittier.
Whittier, John Greenleaf, and John Benedict. Pickard. The Letters of John Greenleaf Whittier. Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 1975.
Bowditch Family Papers, 1726-1942, 1961, 1975, undated, MSS 3.
Edith D. Fuller Papers, n.d., Fam. MSS 350.
Grew Family Papers, 1767-1904, MH 112.
Hemenway Family Papers, 1800-1954, MH 122.
Joanna Carver Colcord Papers, undated [pre 1947], MH 2.
Larcom Family Papers, 1833-1933, MSS 8.
Nathaniel Kinsman (1798-1847) Papers, 1784-1882, MSS 43.
Record book of Amesbury and Salisbury Liberty Association, 1843-1848, MSS 0.373.
Temperance Societies - Members Autograph Album, 1892-1905, Fam. MSS 1026.
Warren Prince Scrapbook, 1873-1886, SCR 51.
Appendix I
Appendix II
Title John Greenleaf Whittier (1807-1892) Papers
Creator Whittier, John Greenleaf, 1807-1892
Description The John Greenleaf Whittier Papers are made up primarily of letters sent and received by Whittier.
Subject Society of Friends; Houghton, Mifflin and Company; Amesbury (Mass.); Danvers (Mass.); Haverhill (Mass.); Oak Knoll (Danvers, Mass.); Salem (Mass.); Alexander, Lucia Gray; Allison, William James; Arthur, Chester Alan, 1829-1886; Banks, Nathaniel Prentiss, 1816-1894; Barnard, Frederick, 1846-1896; Barton, Clara, 1821-1912; Bowditch, Henry I. (Henry Ingersoll), 1808-1892; Brewer, Gardner, 1806-1874; Burleigh, Margaret A.; Graves, Mary Warner Caldwell; Cammett, Ada; Chase, Salmon P. (Salmon Portland), 1808-1873; Child, Lydia Maria, 1802-1880; Claflin, William, 1818-1905; Cooke, Rose Terry, 1827-1892; Cuyler, Theodore, 1819-1876; Dana, Charles A. (Charles Anderson), 1819-1897; Dodge, Mary Abigail, 1833-1896; Dodge, Mary Mapes, 1830-1905; Durant, Henry Fowle, 1822-1881; Duyckinck, Evert A. (Evert Augustus), 1816-1878; Ellis, George Washington, 1875-1919; Fields, Annie, 1834-1915; Fields, James Thomas, 1817-1881; Fletcher, James C. (James Cooley), 1823-1901; Forten, Charlotte L.; Fowler, Hattie P. (Harriet Putnam), b. 1841 or 2; Fowler, Samuel Page, 1800-1888; Garrison, Francis Jackson, 1848-1916; Garrison, William Lloyd, 1805-1879; Grew, Mary, 1813-1896; Hale, Edward Everett, 1822-1909; Hallowell, Joshua L.; Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911; Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 1841-1935; Howe, Julia Ward, 1819-1910; Howell, Elizabeth Lloyd, 1811-1896; Howells, William Dean, 1837-1920; Jewett, Sarah Orne, 1849-1909; Johnson, Caroline, 1826-1922; Johnson, Oliver, 1809-1889; Larcom, Lucy, 1824-1893; Lippincott, Sara Jane Clarke, 1823-1904; Lowell, James Russell, 1819-1891; Mann, Daniel, 1793-1830; Marble, Earl; Neall, Daniel, 1817-1894; Nichols, Charles Eliot; James W. (James Willis), 1823-1893; Perry, Nora, 1831-1896; Phelps, Elizabeth Stuart, 1844-1911; Proctor, Edna Dean, 1829-1923; Rantoul, Robert, 1778-1858; Spofford, Harriet Elizabeth Prescott, 1835-1921; Stoddard, Charles Warren, 1843-1909; Stoddard, Richard Henry, 1825-1903; Stone, Lucy, 1818-1893; Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 1811-1896; Sturge, Joseph, 1793-1859; Sumner, Charles, 1811-1874; Tappan, Lewis, 1788-1873; Thaxter, Celia, 1835-1894; Tilton, Theodore, 1835-1907; Waterston, Anna Cabot Lowell Quincy, 1812-1899; Weld, Theodore Dwight, 1803-1895; Whittier, Elizabeth, 1815-1864; Whittier, John, 1762-1830; Whittier, John Greenleaf, 1807-1892; Whittier, Joseph F.; Whittier, Matthew F.; Willard, Frances E. (Frances Elizabeth), 1839-1898; Wilson, Henry; Winthrop, Robert C. (Robert Charles), 1809-1894; Woodman, Abby Johnson, 1828-1921; Woodman, Phebe Johnson, 1869-1953; Abolitionists; Authors; Editors; Literature; Newspapers; Poetry; Poets, American; Women authors
Provenance The John Greenleaf Whittier Papers are an integration of two collections: the Oak Knoll Collection and a collection of Whittier material acquired subsequently through purchase and donation (acc #88017, #85041, #87044, #90038, #90047, #86037, #86033, #90076, #91021, #91042, #1996.025, # 1997.070, #1999.011, #1999.016, and #1999.043). The Oak Knoll Collection contains the papers inherited by Whittier’s niece Phebe Woodman Grantham of Danvers after the poet’s death in 1892. The collection was purchased by the Essex Institute in 1931 with funds provided by Stephen Willard Phillips.
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Why is this Night Different? The Problem of the Christian Seder
Posted by Matthew Friedman | Apr 17, 2019 | Features | 0
Beth Cole had not yet decided whether or not she would make a brisket for the Passover Seder this week. “I was going to bring the brisket, but I think I’m going to do a roast chicken, because I have to cook for, like, ten people,” she says. Besides, it isn’t her Seder; she will be a guest at the home of one of her fellow congregants of the Willow Creek Community Church in South Barrington, IL.
It’s a Christian Seder.
Although once an unusual practice historically condemned by Church leaders, Christian Seders have become an increasingly common feature of Holy Week observance in Evangelical, and even some mainline Protestant communities. There are sites across the World Wide Web offering advice to Christians on how to prepare the traditional Passover meal, articles by Messianic Jewish rabbis about how to approach the ritual meal with some integrity, even Haggadot tailored to a Christian observance.
“I’ve been hearing about them for many years,” says New York-based writer Toni Kamins. “I don’t know how pervasive they are, but if they’re being written about in various media it’s probably more than the personal quirk of a few individuals.”
Cole says she attended Christian Seders on Maundy Thursday – the Thursday before Good Friday in the Anglican tradition – when she was a member of the Episcopalian Church, although this week’s will be the first with her Evangelical congregation.
“It’s still a Passover Seder with all the traditions of a Passover Seder, with the mortar, the bitter herbs, and the lamb shank, the egg – with everything on the Seder plate,” she says. They will answer the Four Questions, drink four glasses of wine, and the children will search for the Afikomen. “It starts to take a little bit of a turn when we talk about the prophecy that was in the Old Testament that was fulfilled in the New Testament with Christ coming and his death.”
Indeed, many Christians find that the traditional Seder meal, arguably the meal eaten at the Last Supper, is rich in Christian significance and symbolism. For many, the perforations on the Matzah evoke the wounds – stripes – endured by the savior as he was whipped; the lamb shank on the Seder plate represents the sacrifice of the “Lamb of God;” the bitter herbs remind them of the crucifixion and the greens of resurrection.
Allie Graham, from Princeton, was raised in a Jewish family that joined the Episcopalian Church when she was 12, but she has “actively avoided” Christian Seders. “What I have heard when I’ve asked, is that the music isn’t really there in the same way I remember it from when I was growing up… and there’s less of a ‘fun’ celebratory component,” she says.
For Cole, the Seder is an essential Holy Week observance and a corrective for the chocolate eggs and bunnies of the secularized Easter. “It helps us solidify Easter in what that true meaning of Easter is,” she says. “In the Jewish tradition, the Seder is the story of Passover and God redeeming the Israelites out of Egypt; delivering them from slavery. For us, it represents Christ dying for our sins and saving us from a life of sin and bondage.”
It also provides Cole with an element of ritual that she misses. “In the Evangelical Church, there’s not so much ritual; there are some worship hymns, and a song, and a lot of scripture – which is awesome – reading the Old testament, and reading the New Testament,” she says. “But there’s not a lot of ritual there that brings, I think, a more significant meaning to the holiday.”
Although many Evangelical Christians find that the Seder, and the story of the Exodus, resonates deeply with the own beliefs, many Jews find the practice of Christian Seders perplexing. Kamins, who is Jewish, has never attended a Christian Seder but, as they have become more common, she is curious know what they are all about. “I was invited to one once, but declined the invitation,” Kamins says. “Were I to be invited again I would probably go just to see what they were doing.”
Others find the whole idea deeply unsettling. One need only raise the question in a Jewish social media forum to be met with a torrent of shock, dismay, even horror. “I can’t believe Christians would even do this,” one participant in a Facebook group said. At the heart of it all is the thorny problem of cultural appropriation. Passover is utterly central to Jewish identity and beliefs. The Seder is an annual re-telling of the deliverance of the Jewish people – as a people – from slavery and the Haggadah makes it clear that God did not “deliver them,” some distant ancient people, he “delivered us.”
“It’s cultural appropriation one hundred percent,” Graham says. “It feels like a performance. It’s people who have heard of or read about Seders leading them to the same – it hasn’t been passed down.”
The whole point of Passover is that the reading of the Haggadah around the Seder table is not an abstract story, says Paul Olioff, an educator from Montreal. “Those Jewish customs which some non-Jews are now embracing were practiced for years under the worst conditions, where every lit candle and every prayer risked being disrupted by the violent arm of authority, and entire communities prayed not only for a future homeland in Jerusalem, but for their very existence in that temporary space to last until the holidays the following year,” he says. “It’s not just an aesthetic, but a tribute to a people who survived against all odds for centuries as a perceived enemy and a geographical minority. When I go to a Seder, I am initially amazed the tradition has survived for this long.”
Yet cultural appropriation has become something of a norm in the United States, notes Ari Greenbaum. Jewish tradition has become something of a grab-bag of props Fiddler on the Roof that Gentiles use to confer either spiritual authority or meaning on their non-Jewish practices. The New York Times reported in 2011 of a non-Jewish couple – he is Catholic and she is Episcopalian – who were married under a chuppa (a traditional wedding canopy), stomped on a glass, and signed a ketuba (a traditional marriage contract). The Jewish ritual was “a refreshing departure from what everybody that is close to us is used to,” the bride said.
More recently, with sometimes murderous antisemitism on the rise in the United States and elsewhere, Evangelical political leaders like Vice President Mike Pence and Secretary of State Mike Pompeo have shown an eagerness to appropriate Jewish ideas and practice with what can only be called obtuse insensitivity. The Vice President’s introduction at a campaign rally of the messianic Jewish “rabbi” Loren Jacobs as a “leader of the Jewish community,” and Secretary Pompeo’s musings this Purim on the Christian Broadcasting Network that President Trump might be a “new Esther” deeply offended many American Jews.
“It feels like Christians are taking everything that we have,” Greenbaum says. “And now they’re taking Pesach, too?”
But it’s worse than that, Kamins says. “It’s a form of supercessionism, which has existed since the beginning of Christianity. Supercessionism was a necessary building block of Christianity.” The central principle of Christianity is that the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ inaugurated a new covenant that superceded Abraham’s covenant with God and made it – and therefore the Jewish people – redundant. The appropriation of a core Jewish practice like the Seder to mark that supercession only seems to add insult to injury.
Graham adds that, while many American Jews have adopted Christian practices, like elevating the importance of Chanukah because of the holiday’s proximity to Christmas, the theological and power dynamics do not make these borrowings cultural appropriation. “There is no broken theology in having a Chanukah bush,” she says. “Simply stated, Passover is not ours to have. We believe in the coming of Christ much of the scripture has been fulfilled. That Christ’s murder was a final sacrifice, our Passover.
Cole says she is sensitive to the question of cultural appropriation. “I completely understand,” she says. “If you are looking at it from the historical perspective, in terms of what the Jewish people have suffered for such a long time at the hands of Christianity and everybody else, I could definitely see where they might think that we’re trying to take over.”
Working from a Haggadah, and with a Seder plate, donated by a Jewish coworker several years ago, Cole says that she endeavors to respect the integrity of the ritual, only departing at the end to say “here’s how prophecy was fulfilled in Christianity.” Yet she says she recognizes that this tests the limits of that integrity. “It would be interesting to have a Jewish person come in and say ‘well, yeah, we don’t really believe that that’s how that happened,’ or ‘why are you saying this, because that’s not really what it means.’”
Still, Graham suggests that might be the wrong approach to respectful cultural exchange. “We can share practices and visit and appreciate others, but this isn’t that,” she says. “If your local Jewish community throws an interfaith or community Seder, or a Jewish friend invites you to their family Seder, definitley go! It’s a wonderful and valuable experience.”
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Matthew Friedman
Matthew Friedman is a Chicago-based historian, writer, filmmaker, and photographer. His research focuses on 20th century American sound cultures and avant-garde music. He has taught US and digital history at Rutgers University, Newark, Dominican University, and the University of Illinois at Chicago. In addition to his scholarly work, he has worked as a journalist for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, the Montreal Gazette, The National Post, Wired News, and InternetWeek.
“The Concept of Enlightenment” as Paranoid Reading
Fuck Work: An Introduction
Jewish Tourism, or, I never cared very much for the Holocaust – Part IV
Literary Academia: Simon During Reflects, Part II
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30 DAYS BEFORE WWII EINSTEIN SENDS A LETTER TO ROOSEVELT RECOMMENDING NUCLEAR BOMB
History, Sidebar
In August 1939, one month before the start of World War II, Einstein sent a letter to the U.S President Roosevelt recommending the utilization of nuclear chain reactions to create an atomic bomb. In his letter, Einstein explains the ravage that can be made by such a bomb to sea ports. He goes even further and suggests from where Uranium can be purchased.
The letter was originally written by Leó Szilárd, a Hungarian physicist and inventor who was deeply involved in the study of the nuclear chain reactions. With the support of Edward Teller and Eugene Wigner, two fellow Hungarian physicists, he had persuaded Einstein to sign and send the letter to President Roosevelt. Their insistence was driven by a major scientific event: the discovery of the nuclear fission in December 1938. The importance of that discovery comes not only from its scientific value but from the fact that it was published by German scientists, Otto Hahn, and Fritz Strassmann, in a German scientific journal. It was obvious that the Nazi regime will do all what can be done to implement the destructive force of nuclear fission in its war machine. Indeed, The German nuclear weapon project started in April 1939.
The letter was delivered by the economist Alexander Sachs in October 11. Roosevelt answered it twice. First in October 17, 1939 in a brief acknowledgement written by his Secretary. Second in October 19, in a letter signed by the president himself. This double feedback shows the intense excitement with which Roosevelt received Einstein’s correspondence. Within few days, the Advisory Committee on Uranium was created.
Herein the letter’s text:
Sir:
Some recent work by E. Fermi and L. Szilard, which has been communicated to me in manuscript, leads me to expect that the element uranium may be turned into a new and important source of energy in the immediate future. Certain aspects of the situation which has arisen seem to call for watchfulness and if necessary, quick action on the part of the Administration. I believe therefore that it is my duty to bring to your attention the following facts and recommendations.
In the course of the last four months it has been made probable through the work of Joliot in France as well as Fermi and Szilard in America–that it may be possible to set up a nuclear chain reaction in a large mass of uranium, by which vast amounts of power and large quantities of new radium-like elements would be generated. Now it appears almost certain that this could be achieved in the immediate future.
This new phenomenon would also lead to the construction of bombs, and it is conceivable–though much less certain–that extremely powerful bombs of this type may thus be constructed. A single bomb of this type, carried by boat and exploded in a port, might very well destroy the whole port together with some of the surrounding territory. However, such bombs might very well prove too heavy for transportation by air.
The United States has only very poor ores of uranium in moderate quantities. There is some good ore in Canada and former Czechoslovakia, while the most important source of uranium is in the Belgian Congo.
In view of this situation you may think it desirable to have some permanent contact maintained between the Administration and the group of physicists working on chain reactions in America. One possible way of achieving this might be for you to entrust the task with a person who has your confidence and who could perhaps serve in an unofficial capacity. His task might comprise the following:
a) to approach Government Departments, keep them informed of the further development, and put forward recommendations for Government action, giving particular attention to the problem of securing a supply of uranium ore for the United States.
b) to speed up the experimental work, which is at present being carried on within the limits of the budgets of University laboratories, by providing funds, if such funds be required, through his contacts with private persons who are willing to make contributions for this cause, and perhaps also by obtaining co-operation of industrial laboratories which have necessary equipment.
I understand that Germany has actually stopped the sale of uranium from the Czechoslovakian mines which she has taken over. That she should have taken such early action might perhaps be understood on the ground that the son of the German Under-Secretary of State, von Weizsacker, is attached to the Kaiser-Wilhelm Institute in Berlin, where some of the American work on uranium is now being repeated.
Yours very truly,
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I'm Joe Pelletier, freelance hockey journalist and the Hockey History Blogger! Why I created this website
Blog content © Joe Pelletier
Reed Larson
Reed Larson ranks as one of the greatest American born and raised hockey players in the history of the sport. That being said, he is rarely recognized as such. This is partly because his career pre-dated the generation of American stars that first gained acclaim in the NHL, players like Jeremy Roenick, Brett Hull and Chris Chelios.
Reed Larson's hockey sense was uncanny, as he could read plays develop better than most players. He was a top offensive defenseman throughout the early 1980s, thanks largely to his effective shot. He would score many goals in his career, and many of his assists were a result of rebounds or deflections from his booming point shot.
Larson, a Minneapolis, Minnesota native, who starred in Minnesota high school hockey and later at the University of Minnesota before leaving school early to join the Detroit Red Wings in 1977. Though he left university early, he always cherished his time as an amateur. He led the team to a national championship in his second year, and he should have won another but his school was upset by Michigan Tech.
Larson was drafted 22nd overall by the Red Wings in 1976 but returned to school after he couldn't agree on a contract with the Wings. However when Reed was suspended from WCHA competition for the rest of the season after assaulting an on-ice official, Larson decided to join the Red Wings with 14 games left in the NHL season.
Reed proved he was ready for the NHL almost from day one as he embarked upon one of the greatest hockey careers any American defenseman has ever had. He finished as runner-up in the NHL rookie of the year race thanks to an impressive 19 goal, 60 point season. That was just a sign of great things to come. Over the next nine years as a Red Wing, the smooth skating defenseman amazingly never scored fewer than 17 goals or 58 points! Those totals included five consecutive 20-plus goal seasons including a career high 27 in 1980-81; and he had 8 of 9 seasons with over 60 pints, including a career high 74 in 1982-83. As a Red Wing he participated in three NHL all star games, as well as the 1981 Canada Cup and 1981 world championships.
A late season trade in 1986 saw Larson become a member of the Boston Bruins, where he played for parts of three seasons. It was with Boston that Reed tallied his 200th NHL goal, a milestone for defenseman and the single most celebrated statistic in his career.. He was the first American and only the 6th NHL player to reach the lofty level.
A serious auto accident occurred prior to the 1988-89 season, leaving serious nerve damage in his left arm. It was terrible timing for Larson as Reed had no NHL contract at the time. Reed did make a comeback for the 1989-90 season, splitting the season with Edmonton Oilers, New York Islanders and Minnesota North Stars. He admittedly was not at 100% health.
Larson left the NHL to play in Italy for 5 years starting in 1989-90. Reed left, admittedly early, largely because of his health. He did return to the NHL for a one game appearance as a member of the Buffalo Sabres at the conclusion of the Italian 1989-90 season, but he returned to the country where he would be a standout for 5 seasons, scoring 65 goals and 150 assists for 215 points in 159 games.
In 1996 Reed Larson became a deserving member of the United States hockey hall of fame. He scored a total of 222 goals, 463 assists and 685 points in 904 NHL games. He got into just 32 NHL playoff contests, scoring 4 goals and 11 points.
Posted by Joe Pelletier at 8:31 PM
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Real Estate Lawyer Philippines
Your online source of information and commentary on Philippine Real Estate Laws and Legal Issues.
Fundamentals of Property Ownership
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Category Archives: fundamentals of property ownership
March 4, 2016 fundamentals of property ownershiprealestatelawyer
PROPERTY refers to things which are capable of satisfying human wants and needs and are susceptible of appropriation.
Under Philippine law, specifically Article 414 of the New Civil Code, property is classified into two: immovable or real property and movable or personal property.
The distinction between the two is very important as there are different laws regarding their acquisition, use, loss, sale, registration, possession and so on.
Immovable Property
What are real properties according to the law?
Art. 415. The following are immovable property:
(1) Land, buildings, roads and constructions of all kinds adhered to the soil;
*These are immovable as they are more or less of a permanent structure independent and forms an integral part of the land. Land is immovable by nature and by definition.
(2) Trees, plants, and growing fruits, while they are attached to the land or form an integral part of an immovable;
*Since trees and plants are annexed to the land, they form part of it and may even be part of the property of the owner of the land in where they are attached. They are immovable if they are spontaneous products of the soil and incorporated to the land through cultivation and labor. They may either be immovable by incorporation or by nature.
(3) Everything attached to an immovable in a fixed manner, in such a way that it cannot be separated therefrom without breaking the material or deterioration of the object;
*Another thing attached to another principal immovable would also make it immovable if the permanency of attachment of the thing is almost tantamount to its unification to the principal immovable that their separation would cause damage and deterioration. This is another example of immovable by incorporation.
(4) Statues, reliefs, paintings or other objects for use or ornamentation, placed in buildings or on lands by the owner of the immovable in such a manner that it reveals the intention to attach them permanently to the tenements;
*It must be noted that these objects must be placed by their owners permanently to the land or building even if such land or building is not owned by him. The intent of the owner of the objects must be looked upon so as to know that he wanted to incorporate it permanently which would make these objects also immovables.
(5) Machinery, receptacles, instruments or implements intended by the owner of the tenement for an industry or works which may be carried on in a building or on a piece of land, and which tend directly to meet the needs of the said industry or works;
*For these objects to become immovable, these must be placed by the owner of the tenement or the property where these objects would be attached and where the industry or works would be carried. These objects must also be essential to said industry or works.
(6) Animal houses, pigeon-houses, beehives, fish ponds or breeding places of similar nature, in case their owner has placed them or preserves them with the intention to have them permanently attached to the land, and forming a permanent part of it; the animals in these places are included;
*The constructions mentioned must be intended by the owner to be permanently a part of the land. The animals though can be transferred from place to place are also included.
(7) Fertilizer actually used on a piece of land;
*These are immovable by destination. If they are used, they form part of the land.
(8) Mines, quarries, and slag dumps, while the matter thereof forms part of the bed, and waters either running or stagnant;
*While these resources remain unsevered, they are considered immovable.
(9) Docks and structures which, though floating, are intended by their nature and object to remain at a fixed place on a river, lake, or coast;
*It can be inferred in the way they are constructed that they are to stay in fixed place and as a permanent fixture to their location.
(10) Contracts for public works, and servitudes and other real rights over immovable property. (334a)
*These are considered real property just because the law said so. Real property itself, produces real right or real right is always regarded as real property.
To further understand and better differentiate Real Property from a personal or movable property, real property may be immovable by:
Immovable by nature or those which cannot be moved from one place such as those mentioned in Nos. 1 (with respect to lands and roads) and 8 in Art. 415 of the Civil Code
Immovable by incorporation, or those which are attached to an immovable in a fixed manner as to form an integral part thereof like buildings, walls or fences, trees, statues, animal houses, it is placed in an immovable for the utility it gives to the activity carried thereon, such as machinery installed in a building to meet the needs of an industry in the building, and docks on a river or those mentioned in Nos. 1 (except lands and roads), 2, 3 and 4 of Art 415.
Immovable by destination, or those which are placed in an immovable for the use, exploitation or perfection of such immovable, such as those mentioned in Nos. 4, 5, 6, 7 and 9 of Art. 415
Immovable by analogy, or those which are considered immovable by operation of law because it is regarded as united to the property such as those mentioned in No. 10 of Art. 415
De Leon, H., & De Leon, J. H. (2011). Comments and Cases on Property. Quezon City: Rex Printing Company, Inc.
Jurado, D. (1999). Civil Law Reviewer. Quezon City: Rex Printing Company, Inc.
The New Civil Code of the Philippines
Movable Property
As previously mentioned in this post, property in the Philippines is classified by law also as personal property. To also distinguish a personal from real property, this test can be employed whether it is personal:
By description if the object can be moved one place to another and this will not cause injury to the immovable to which it may be attached;
By exclusion, if it is not included in the enumeration found in Art. 415 of the Civil Code of the Philippines.
By provision of the law, if real property is considered as personalty by special provision of the law
What are personal properties according to the law?
Art. 416. The following things are deemed to be personal property:
(1) Those movables susceptible of appropriation which are not included in the preceding article;
*By appropriability it means that it can be capable of being possessed by men. Therefore all other things which are not falling under Art. 415 are considered as personal property.
(2) Real property which by any special provision of law is considered as personal property;
*There are properties which by nature are real properties. However, special laws and judicial decisions may define them in another manner. These will be controlling and will therefore adopt the status of being a personal property instead.
(3) Forces of nature which are brought under control by science; and
*These forces of nature may be for example, electricity, gas, heat, light, oxygen and so forth which, if controlled by man and became subject of appropriation, will become personal properties.
(4) In general, all things which can be transported from place to place without impairment of the real property to which they are fixed. (335a)
*By nature these things which can be transported from place to place without causing impairment to where they are previously attached is movable.
Art. 417. The following are also considered as personal property:
(1) Obligations and actions which have for their object movables or demandable sums; and
*This provision contemplate various contracts which have for their object movable properties or demandable sums or those amounts which are liquidated or determined. Being so, the subject matter being movable, it makes the right created therein as likewise personal right.
(2) Shares of stock of agricultural, commercial and industrial entities, although they may have real estate. (336a)
*This provision includes all juridical entities although they do not issue shares of stock which may mean participation or interest in a business. This also recognizes that although real estate are involved, the law still considers them personal property.
What are the other classification of personal property?
Art. 418 has further classified movables based on its capability to being used repeatedly. It can further be classified accordingly:
By nature or as to their likelihood of being consumed when it is used according to their nature as mentioned in Art. 418 of the New Civil Code:
Art. 418. Movable property is either consumable or nonconsumable. To the first class belong those movables which cannot be used in a manner appropriate to their nature without their being consumed; to the second class belong all the others. (337).
By intention or as to their possibility of being substituted by another property having the same kind or quality can be either be fungible or being replaceable by an equal quality and quantity, either by the nature of the substitute or by agreement of the parties. It is also non-fungibles, in opposite, are irreplaceable because identical objects must be returned.
Classification of Properties
CLASSIFICATION OF PROPERTIES ACCORDING TO WHOM IT BELONGS
The New Civil Code expressly classified property according to ownership by this article:
Article 419. Property is either of public dominion or of private ownership.
What are properties of public dominion?
Public dominion or property owned by the State (or its political subdivisions) in its public or sovereign capacity and intended for public use and not for the use of the State as a juridical person.
Article 420. The following things are property of public dominion:
Those intended for public use, such as roads, canals, rivers, torrents, ports and bridges constructed by the State, banks, shores, roadsteads, and others of similar character;
Those which belong to the State, without being for public use, and are intended for some public service or for the development of the national wealth;
Art. 424. Property for public use, in the provinces, cities, and municipalities, consist of the provincial roads, city streets, municipal streets, the squares, fountains, public waters, promenades, and public works for public service paid for by said provinces, cities, or municipalities.
*These subdivisions, however cannot register as their own any part of the public domain unless it can be proved that the grant thereof has been made or possessed under the concept of an owner. They have no authority to control or regulate properties of public domain for they are under the authority of Congress.
What are the kinds of properties of public dominion?
Property intended for public use or which can be used by everybody and others of similar character
Property which is not for public use but intended for public service or those which can be used only by duly authorized persons, such as government buildings and vehicles
Property intended for the development of national wealth such as minerals, coal, oil, forest, and other natural resources
Further, under the 1987 Constitution (Section 3 Article XII) Lands of the public domain are classified into:
Section 3. Lands of the public domain are classified into agricultural, forest or timber, mineral lands and national parks. Agricultural lands of the public domain may be further classified by law according to the uses to which they may be devoted. Alienable lands of the public domain shall be limited to agricultural lands. x x x
Forest or timber
Mineral lands
Examples of public dominion: 1987 Constitution: agricultural, forest, timber, national parks, mineral lands, water, minerals, oils, coal, petroleum, sources of potential energy, fisheries, wildlife, flora, fauna, roads, canals, rivers, banks, shores and others similar in character. Agricultural land is the only alienable and disposable land of the government
What are the characteristics of properties of public domain?
It is beyond the commerce of man
It cannot be acquired by prescription
It cannot be registered under the Land Registration Law and be the subject of a Torrens Title
It cannot be levied upon by execution nor can be attached.
What are properties of private ownership?
Private ownership or property owned by the State in its private capacity, and is known as patrimonial property. It may also be owned by private persons, either individually or collectively.
Here are the provisions of the law which point out to this classification:
Article 421. All other property of the State, which is not of the character stated in the preceding article, is patrimonial property.
*Patrimonial property is the property of the State owned by it in its private or proprietary capacity, i.e., the property is not intended for public use, or for some public service, or for the development of the national wealth.
Article 422. Property of public dominion, when no longer intended for public use or for public service, shall form part of the patrimonial property of the State.
*Under Article 422 there must be a formal declaration by the executive or possibly legislative department of the government that the property of the State is no longer needed for public use of for public service; otherwise, the property continues to be property of public dominion notwithstanding the fact that it is not actually devoted for such use or service.
Art. 423. The property of provinces, cities, and municipalities is divided into property for public use and patrimonial property. (343)
*The political subdivisions of the national government may also own properties in their private capacity.
Article 425. Property of private ownership, besides the patrimonial property of the State, provinces, cities, and municipalities, consists of all property belonging to private persons, either individually or collectively.
What are the differences between public domain and patrimonial properties?
Public dominion cannot be acquired by prescription, even by city or municipality.
Patrimonial property of the State may be the subject of acquisition through prescription.
Public lands become patrimonial property upon express government manifestation that the property is already patrimonial and declaration that these are already alienable and disposable.
And only when the property has become patrimonial can the prescriptive period for the acquisition of property of the public domain begin to run.
113 of the Civil Code: All things that are within the commerce of man are susceptible to prescription, and that the property of the State or any of its subdivisions not patrimonial in character shall not be the object of prescription.
How are lands of public domain reclassified?
A positive act of the Government is necessary to enable such reclassification, and the exclusive prerogative to classify public lands under existing laws is vested in the Executive Department, not in the courts.
Section 2. All lands of the public domain, waters, minerals, coal, petroleum, and other mineral oils, all forces of potential energy, fisheries, forests or timber, wildlife, flora and fauna, and other natural resources are owned by the State. With the exception of agricultural lands, all other natural resources shall not be alienated. x x x
*The Constitution places a limit on the type of public land that may be alienated. Under Section 2, Article XII of the 1987 Constitution, only agricultural lands of the public domain may be alienated; all other natural resources may not be.
Article XII, Section 3, of the 1987 Constitution states:
Sec 3. x x x Alienable lands of the public domain shall be limited to agricultural lands. Private corporations or associations may not hold such alienable lands of the public domain except by lease, for a period not exceeding twenty-five years, renewable for not more than twenty-five years, and not to exceed one thousand hectares in area. Citizens of the Philippines may lease not more than five hundred hectares, or acquire not more than twelve hectares thereof by purchase, homestead or grant.
*The Constitution has laid down a prohibition for private corporations or associations to own lands of public domain but may enjoy such only by lease in accordance to the terms expressly provided in the abovementioned section.
What lands may not be declared open to disposition or concession?
Those which have been reserved for public or quasi-public uses;
Those which have been appropriated by the government;
Those which have become private property like the friar lands and the ancestral lands under the IPRA Law
The Revised Forestry code also provides that no land of the public domain 18% in slope or over shall be classified as alienable and disposable;
Submerged lands like the waters (sea or bay) above them are part of the inalienable natural resources.
What are the classification of lands under the Constitution?
Classification under 1935 Constitution- Agricultural, forest or timber
Classification under 1973 Constitution- Agricultural, industrial, commercial, residential, resettlement, mineral, timber and mineral lands
Classification under 1987 Constitution- Agricultural, forest, timber and national parks
All others under the 1987 Constitution are patrimonial property
No public land can be acquired except by a grant from the State
1987 Constitution of the Philippines
Cebu oxygen & Acetylene Co., Inc. V Bercilles, 66 SCRA 281, 1975)
Who can own lands in the Philippines?
As a general rule only Filipino citizens and Corporations/Partnerships where at least 60% of the Authorized Capital Stocks (ACS) of which is owned by Filipino citizens.
However the following are the cases wherein the abovementioned rule can be excused:
Property is acquired prior to the effectivity of the 1935 Constitution;
Acquisition by hereditary succession being the legal heir
Acquisition of not more than 40% interest in a condominium project pursuant to R.A. 4726;
Former natural born citizen of the Philippines who became a citizen of another country but is now returning to the Philippines to reside permanently, subject to limitations under BP 185 and RA 8179;
Filipina who marries an foreigner but retains her Philippine citizenship can acquire and own land;
From the above enumeration, the 1987 Constitution, Article XII has laid down two sections to justify some of the above exceptions:
SECTION 7. Save in cases of hereditary succession, no private lands shall be transferred or conveyed except to individuals, corporations, or associations qualified to acquire or hold lands of the public domain.
SECTION 8. Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 7 of this Article, a natural-born citizen of the Philippines who has lost his Philippine citizenship may be a transferee of private lands, subject to limitations provided by law.
Who are natural and natural born citizens?
Natural citizens of the Philippines are:
Citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of the 1987 Constitution
Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines (any parent)
Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority (18 years old) – born anywhere in the world
Natural born citizens are those:
Born in the Philippines
Those born of Filipino mothers and non-Filipino father who elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority
Naturalized under Naturalization Law
Citizens of the Philippines who marry aliens but have not renounced their Phil. Citizenship
Those who acquired dual citizenship
Those who acquired derivative (origin or descent) citizenship
The unmarried child, legitimate or not or adopted, below 18 years of age, of those who re-acquire Philippine citizenship upon effectivity of this Act shall be deemed citizens of the Philippines.
Section 7 of Art. XII of 1987 Constitution states that a natural born citizen of the Philippines who has lost his Phil. citizenship may be a transferee of private lands subject to limitations provided by law
Rules regarding former natural born Filipino citizens acquiring lands in the Philippines
Mode of acquisition may be through both voluntary deeds (sale or donation) and involuntary deeds (foreclosure, execution, tax delinquency sale)
Area allowed (maximum)
If the purpose is for residence:
1,000 square meters of urban land
1 hectare of rural land
2.If the purpose is for business
(refers to the use of land primarily, directly and actually in the conduct of business or commercial activities in the broad areas of agriculture, industry and services, including the lease of land but excluding the buying and selling thereof)
3 hectares of rural land
A transferee who acquired urban or rural land for residential purpose while still a Filipino citizen may acquire additional urban or rural land for residential purpose which, when added to that already owned shall not exceed the maximum area allowed by law. It shall also apply to a transferee who already owns urban or rural land for business purpose while still a Filipino citizen.
A transferee who has already acquired urban land for residential purpose shall be disqualified to acquire rural land for residential purpose and vice versa.
A transferee of residential land under BP 185 may still avail of the right to acquire land for business purpose under RA 8179.
*In case of married couples where both are former natural born Filipino citizens, both of them may avail provided that the total acquisition shall not exceed the maximum area allowed.
Can aliens acquire lands in the Philippines?
General rule: Aliens are not qualified to acquire land in the Philippines.
Aliens may acquire private land by inheritance
PD 713 (May 27, 1975) Allows Americans who were formerly Filipino citizens, Americans who became permanent residents of the Philippines and Americans who have resided in the Philippines continuously for at least 20 years and are in good faith had acquired private residential lands for family dwelling purposes in the Philippines prior to July 3, 1974 to continue holding such lands and transfer ownership over the same to qualified persons or entities.
BP 8179 (March 16, 1982)Former natural born citizens of the Philippines who has lost his citizenship may be transferee of a private land up to a maximum area of 1,000sqm in case of urban land and 1 hectare for rural to be used as his residence; In case of married couples, only one may avail and if both the total area should not exceed the maximum herein fixed
RA 8179 (March 28, 1996) 5,000sqm urban land/ 3 hectares rural land for business or other purposes
RA 9225 (August 29, 2003) Aliens may re-acquire Filipino citizenship
See Borromeo vs. Descallar, G.R. No. 159310, February 24, 2009
What is land ownership?
Land ownership is the right and interest which a person has in land to the exclusion of others. It is the independent right of exclusive enjoyment and control over land for the purpose of deriving there from all advantages required by the reasonable needs of the holder of the right and the promotion of the general welfare but subject to the restrictions imposed by law and the rights of others
What are the kinds of ownership?
Full ownership refers to all the rights of the owner. This may include the right to possess, use and enjoy the property, to the fruits, accessories, to consume the thing by its use, dispose or alienate or vindicate and recover. The law has given the owner these right by virtue of this provision:
Art. 428. The owner has the right to enjoy and dispose of a thing, without other limitations than those established by law. The owner has also a right of action against the holder and possessor of the thing in order to recover it. (348a)
Full ownership may enjoy these bundle of rights as elements or attributes of ownership:
a. Right to Possess (jus possedendi)
b. Right to Use and Enjoy (jus utendi)
c. Right to Receive the Fruits & Accessories (jus fruendi)
d. Right to Abuse and Consume (jus abutendi)
e. Right to Dispose or Alienate (jus disponendi)
f. Right to Recover Possession and/or Ownership (jus vindicandi)
g. Right to Construct any work or make plantation or excavation
h. Right to have ownership of the Hidden treasures found in the property;
i. Right to Exclude others; and
j. Right to Fence the property.
Naked ownership refers to ownership where the right to use and the fruits has been denied
Sole ownership refers to ownership which is vested to only one person.
Co-ownership refers to ownership rights to own a whole property together with the others and at the same time owner of an aliquot part thereof. Co-ownership defined by law as:
Art. 484. There is co-ownership whenever the ownership of an undivided thing or right belongs to different persons.x x x
What are the characteristics of ownership?
It is a general right over all utilities of a thing subject to the limitations of real rights of others.
It is an independent right since it can exist without the necessity of any other right.
It is an abstract right because it can exist distinct and independent of its constituent parts.
It is an exclusive right for there can only be one ownership but there may be two or more owners.
It is generally a perpetual right and is not usually limited by time and may last as long as the thing exists.
It is an elastic right since the power included therein may be reduced in quantity or quality without affecting the nature of the dominion.
What are the types of estates?
Freehold Estate- which indicates title of ownershipFee simple-absolute title
Fee tail-one designed to pass title from the grantee to his heirs/ the intent of the grantor being to keep the property in the grantee’s line of issue
Life Estate-one held for the duration of the life of the grantee
Less-than-freehold estate-a right short of title
Estate for years- in the nature of lease
Tenancy from period to period
Tenancy at will
What are the essential requisites of tenancy relationship?
The subject matter is agricultural land
The parties are the landowner and the tenant
There is consent
The purpose is agricultural production
There is personal cultivation by the tenant
There is sharing of harvest between the parties
CO-OWNERSHIP
Art. 484. There is co-ownership whenever the ownership of an undivided thing or right belongs to different persons. In default of contracts, or of special provisions, co-ownership shall be governed by the provisions of this Title. (392)
What are the rights of co-owners?
There is no co-ownership when the different portions owned by different people are already concretely determined and separately identifiable, even if not yet technically described.
Art. 493. Each co-owner shall have the full ownership of his part and of the fruits and benefits pertaining thereto, and he may therefore alienate, assign or mortgage it, and even substitute another person in its enjoyment, except when personal rights are involved. But the effect of the alienation or the mortgage, with respect to the co-owners, shall be limited to the portion which may be allotted to him in the division upon the termination of the co-ownership. (399)
2. A co-owner may sell his right over an undivided portion to the extent owned by him. If the co-owner sells the whole property as his, the sale will affect only his share but not those of the co-owners who did not consent to the sale. No co-owner is obliged to remain in the co-ownership and the co-owner may demand at anytime partition of the thing owned in common.
Art. 1612. If several persons, jointly and in the same contract, should sell an undivided immovable with a right of repurchase, none of them may exercise this right for more than his respective share. The same rule shall apply if the person who sold an immovable alone has left several heirs, in which case each of the latter may only redeem the part which he may have acquired. (1514)
Art. 1514. A person to whom a document of title has been transferred, but not negotiated, acquires thereby, as against the transferor, the title to the goods, subject to the terms of any agreement with the transferor. If the document is non-negotiable, such person also acquires the right to notify the bailee who issued the document of the transfer thereof, and thereby to acquire the direct obligation of such bailee to hold possession of the goods for him according to the terms of the document. Prior to the notification to such bailee by the transferor or transferee of a non-negotiable document of title, the title of the transferee to the goods and the right to acquire the obligation of such bailee may be defeated by the levy of an attachment of execution upon the goods by a creditor of the transferor, or by a notification to such bailee by the transferor or a subsequent purchaser from the transfer of a subsequent sale of the goods by the transferor. (n)
Art. 1884. The agent is bound by his acceptance to carry out the agency, and is liable for the damages which, through his non-performance, the principal may suffer. He must also finish the business already begun on the death of the principal, should delay entail any danger. (1718)
3. The right of repurchase may be exercised by a co-owner to the extent of his share alone. Stated in the preceding articles are the right of redemption/pre-emption.
Art. 1623. The right of legal pre-emption or redemption shall not be exercised except within thirty days from the notice in writing by the prospective vendor, or by the vendor, as the case may be. The deed of sale shall not be recorded in the Registry of Property, unless accompanied by an affidavit of the vendor that he has given written notice thereof to all possible redemptioners. The right of redemption of co-owners excludes that of adjoining owners. (1524a)
What is diverse co-ownership?
Diverse co-ownership is when benefits are assorted to different kinds such as to different owners or shareholders in a corporation.
What are surface, subsurface and air rights?
Land, in its legal significance, extends from the surface downwards to the center of the earth and extends upwards indefinitely to the skies
The surface and subsurface rights of an owner entitle him to construct thereon any works or make any plantations and excavations without detriment to servitudes and special laws.
Air right is the right of an owner to use and control the air space over his land subject to the requirements of navigation, laws or contract.
What is the right to accession?
The ownership of property gives the right by accession to everything which is produced thereby, or which is incorporate or attached thereto whether naturally or artificially.
With respect to the produce of the property, to the owner belongs the natural fruits (spontaneous products of the soil), industrial fruits (those produced by land by cultivation or labor) and civil fruits (the rental income of buildings and lands)
With respect to immovable properties, the owners of lands adjoining the banks of rivers belongs the accretion that they gradually receive from the effects of the current of the water. The owners of estates adjoining ponds, lagoons do not acquire the land left fry by the natural decrease of the waters or those lost in extraordinary floods.
Whenever a river, changing its course by natural causes, opens a new bed through a private estate, this bed shall become of public dominion.
What are the kinds of accession?
ACCESSION DISCRETA or the rights pertaining to the owner of a thing over everything which is produced thereby such as natural, industrial and civil fruits
ACCESSION CONTINUA or the right pertaining to the owner of a thing over everything which is incorporated or attached thereto either naturally or artificially
ACCESSION INDUSTRIAL or which takes place in case of building, planting or sowing
ACCESSION NATURAL which may be through:
ALLUVION or the ACCRETION which lands adjoining the banks of rivers gradually receive from the effects of the current of the river
AVULSION or the accretion which takes place whenever the current of a river, creek or torrent segregates from an estate on its bank a known portion of a land and transfers it to another estate
What are the rules on hidden treasure?
Art. 438. Hidden treasure belongs to the owner of the land, building, or other property on which it is found. Nevertheless, when the discovery is made on the property of another, or of the State or any of its subdivisions, and by chance, one-half thereof shall be allowed to the finder. If the finder is a trespasser, he shall not be entitled to any share of the treasure. If the things found be of interest to science of the arts, the State may acquire them at their just price, which shall be divided in conformity with the rule stated. (351a)
Art. 439. By treasure is understood, for legal purposes, any hidden and unknown deposit of money, jewelry, or other precious objects, the lawful ownership of which does not appear. (352)
What is the difference between possession and ownership?
Possession and ownership- Possession may signify outward evidence of title but it is not necessarily the title itself. Ownership refers to the evidence of right over the property. One may possess a property but not own it like in lease or in the case of informal settlers.
Ownership by possession- it is meant as the exercise either by the same person who holds and enjoys the property or material possession. It may also be in the name of the other like symbolic possession which is acquired by the execution of a public instrument
What is the difference between possession and occupation?
The law requires both possession and occupation for an applicant for an applicant or an original registration.
Possession is the holding of a thing or the enjoyment of a right; it should also include the idea of occupation. To constitute the foundation of prescriptive right under a claim of title, possession must be adverse of in hostility to the true owner. Occupation can be held by another in his name – constructive possession.
What is the rule in case of conflict of possession?
In case of conflict or dispute regarding possession, the rule of preference is as follows:
The present possessor shall be preferred;
If there are two possessors, the one longer in possession;
If the dates of the possession are the same, the one who presents a title;
If both possessors have titles, the court shall determine the rightful possessor and owner of the land.
Tolentino, A. (1999). Civil Code of the Philippines, Vol. II. Quezon City: Central Professional Books, Inc.
Waite V. Peterson 8 Phil 449, G.R. No. L-3636 August 29, 1907
Limitations upon the Right of Ownership
Limitations upon the right of ownership:
General limitation imposed by the State in the exercise of its inherent powers.
Limitations imposed by specific provisions of the law;
Limitations imposed by the transferor of the property;
Limitations imposed by the owner himself; and
Limitations inherent in the property.
A. GENERAL LIMITATIONS imposed by the State for its benefit is through its three inherent powers:
Police power refers to the right of the State to enact laws or regulations in relation to persons and property as may promote public health, public morals, public safety, and the general welfare and convenience of the people. It is also imposed towards one’s personal liberty or property to promote the general welfare. It may be through an imposition of restraint upon liberty or property for the purpose of promoting the common good.
Eminent domain refers to the power of the State to take private property for public use upon payment of just compensation. It is expressly provided in the New Civil Code that:
Art. 435. No person shall be deprived of his property except by competent authority and for public use and always upon payment of just compensation.
Should this requirement be not first complied with, the courts shall protect and, in a proper case, restore the owner in his possession. (349a)
Taxation refers to the power of the State to impose charge or burden upon persons, property, or property rights, for the use and support of the government and to enable it to discharge its appropriate functions.
B. LIMITATION IMPOSED BY LAW such as legal easement, zoning regulations, building code, rent control, urban and agrarian reform, subdivision regulations, escheat.
C. LIMITATION IMPOSED BY THE OWNER HIMSELF such as voluntary servitudes, mortgages, pledges, lease and deed of restrictions.
D. LIMITATION IMPOSED BY THE TRANSFEROR OF THE PROPERTY such as donation, usufruct.
E. INHERENT LIMITATION example Co-ownership.
Mun. of Pasay v. Manaois, et al., L-3485, June 30, 1950
Tolentino, A. (2002). Commentaries and Jurisprudences on the Civil Code of the Philippines. Quezon City: Central Lawbook Publishing Co., Inc.
Modes of Acquiring Ownership
What are the modes of acquiring ownership?
Public Grant is the administrative method of acquiring public lands, such as homestead settlement, free patent and sales patent.
Private Grant is the voluntary transfer or conveyance of privately owned property by an owner, such as by sale or donation. It is the transfer of title to land by the owner himself or his duly authorized representative to another by mutual consent. The Consent of the grantor is an essential element.
Voluntary Transfer of Private Grant is the process by which a land is transferred with the consent and conformity of the owner such as by sale or donation.
Involuntary Alienation or Involuntary Grant is the process by which a land is taken against the consent of the owner, such as expropriation proceedings, execution of judgment, tax sales and foreclosure. This method of transfer does not require the consent or cooperation of the owner of the land, since this is usually carried out against his will.
Descent or Devise (Descent) is acquired by virtue of inheritance, which requires a degree of relationship. (Devised) In devise, succession need not be in favor of a relative. Title to the property is transferred by way of will executed by the Testator. Title by descent may be acquired by virtue of hereditary succession to the estate of a deceased owner. To be an heir, it requires certain degree or relationship with the decedent. In the case of devise, however, succession need not be in favor of a relative. Even a stranger may acquire title by devise if appropriate disposition has been made in his favor by the testator in the latter’s will.
Reclamation is the filling of submerged land by deliberate act of the Government. In the Philippines, there exists no such grant, express or implied, to private landowners. It is only the government that can assert title to reclaimed land.However,the government may declare it property of the adjoining owners and as an increment thereto only when it is no longer necessary for public use.
Accretion is the process by which a riparian land gradually and imperceptively receives addition made by the water to which the land is contiguous. However, this law cannot be invoked for application to cases where the accretion is caused by action of the bay which is a part of the sea, since such alluvial formation along the seashore is part of the public domain and, therefore, not open to acquisition by adverse possession by private persons.
Art. 457. To the owners of lands adjoining the banks of rivers belong the accretion which they gradually receive from the effects of the current of the waters. (336)
Prescription is when one acquires ownership and other real rights through the lapse of time in the manner and under the conditions laid down by law. It is a mode of acquisition of title through continuous, open, adverse possession in the concept of an owner for the period fixed by law.(as discussed in this article )
What is the application of prescription concerning properties of public dominion and patrimonial property?
Public dominion cannot be acquired by prescription, even by city or municipality
Patrimonial property of the State may be the subject of acquisition through prescription
Peña, N. (1966). Registration of Land Titles and Deeds. Quezon City: Central Lawbook Publishing Co., Inc.
Relevant Terms and Concepts in Ownership
A. ACCION INTERDICTAL-is a summary action to recovery physical or material possession only. It consists of the summary actions of Forcible Entry and Unlawful Detainer.
B. Forcible Entry -is a summary action to recover physical possession of real property when a person originally in possession thereof is deprived by: force, intimidation, strategy, threat, and stealth.
C. Unlawful Detainer -is a kind of action that must be brought when possession is being unlawfully withheld after the expiration or termination of the right to hold possession, by virtue of any contract whether express or implied.
D. ACCION PUBLICIANA -is an ordinary civil proceeding to recover the better right of possession, except in cases of forcible entry and unlawful detainer. What is involved is not possession de facto but possession de jure.
E. ACCION REINVINDICATORIA -is an action to recover real property based on ownership. Here, the object is the recovery of the dominion over the property as owner.
F. CAVEAT EMPTOR (BUYER BEWARE)- requires the purchaser to be aware of the supposed title of the vendor and one who buys without checking the vendor’s title takes all the risks and losses consequent to such failure. The actual possession by people other than the vendor should, at least, put the purchaser upon inquiry. Site identification and survey are a must also. An action for reconveyance is a legal and equitable remedy granted to the rightful owner of land which has been wrongfully or erroneously registered in the name of another for the purpose of compelling the latter to transfer or convey the land to him.
G. DECREE OF REGISTRATION- Issued by the administrator of LRA upon order of the court. It shall bind the land and quiet title thereto which is the purpose of Torrens System. Land becomes registered only upon transcription of the decree in the original registration book by the Register of Deeds and not on the date of issuance of the decree. Certificate of title becomes indefeasible after one year from issuance of the decree.
H. DOCTRINE OF SELF-HELP- 429. The owner or lawful possessor of a thing has the right to exclude any person from the enjoyment and disposal thereof. For this purpose he may use such force as may be reasonable necessary to repel or prevent an actual or threatened unlawful physical invasion or usurpation of his property.
I. ESTATE-an Estate refers to the totality of the assets owned by a person which include real and personal properties and the interest thereof.
J. PERSONAL ACTION-are those actions filed for the recovery of personal properties,i.e. replevin.
K. PERSONAL RIGHT-refers to the power belonging to one person to demand from another the fulfillment of a prestation or object to give, to do, or not to do.
L. POSSESSION-the holding of a thing or the enjoyment of a right.
M. REAL ACTION-are those actions filed for the recovery of real properties, i.e. accion interdictal; accion publiciana; and accion reinvindicatoria.
N. REAL RIGHT-is one that confers upon the holder an autonomous power to derive directly from an appropriate property/ thing certain economic advantages, independently of whoever should be the possessor of a property/ thing.
O. REGALIAN DOCTRINE-all lands of whatever classification and other natural resources not otherwise appearing to be clearly within private ownership belong to the State. It also means that is the State reserved the full ownership of all natural resources or natural wealth that may be found in the bowels of the earth.
P. RES NULLIUS-Everything on earth must have an owner. Res Nullius is a Latin term that means things (res) without and owner (nullius). Since everything must have an owner, if there are no private owners or claimants, then that particular property is presumed to be owned by the State. Likewise, when a person dies without any heir, then the State succeeds to the estate of the deceased.
Q. RIPARIAN OWNER-is the owner of the property adjoining or abutting the bank of a river.
R. SOLUTIO INDEBITI-means that no person shall enrich himself at the expense of another.
S. STEWARSHIP PRINCIPLE OF PROPERTY OWNERSHIP- provides that the property owners are bound to use or utilize their lands in a manner that will promote welfare and benefits not only for themselves but also for the State. Ownership of land carries with it a distinct social obligation. Owners are obliged to use their properties to promote the general welfare and not only their interest, thus the State may regulate or control land ownership.
T. WRIT OF DEMOLITION- If the writ of possession issued in a land registration proceeding implies the delivery of possession of the land to the successful litigant therein, a writ of demolition must, likewise, issue, especially considering that the latter writ is but compliment of the former which, without said writ of demolition, writ of possession would be ineffective. Demolition is upon special order of the court.
U. WRIT OF POSSESSION- Employed to enforce a judgment to recover the possession of land. It commands the sheriff to enter the land and give possession of it to the person entitled under judgment.
Usufruct
The law expressly provides that a usufruct is:
Art. 562. Usufruct gives a right to enjoy the property of another with the obligation of preserving its form and substance, unless the title constituting it or the law otherwise provides. (467)
*Usufruct is a real right by virtue of which a person is given the right to enjoy the property of another with the obligation of preserving its form and substance, unless the title constituting it or the law provides otherwise.
What are the requisites of usufruct?
Essential requisites are those that are – the right to enjoy the property of another; and
Accidental – the obligation of preserving the form and substance of such property.
What is abnormal usufruct?
Abnormal usufruct involves properties which must be consumed or expended or else, it would be useless to the usufructuary. This is an exception to the rule that the usufruct must preserve the form and substance of the usufruct. Thisrefers to that where the usufructuary does not have any obligation to preserve the form and substance of the property which is the object of the usufruct. The law has laid down the rules for abnormal usufructs in the following articles:
Art. 573. Whenever the usufruct includes things which, without being consumed, gradually deteriorate through wear and tear, the usufructuary shall have the right to make use thereof in accordance with the purpose for which they are intended, and shall not be obliged to return them at the termination of the usufruct except in their condition at that time; but he shall be obliged to indemnify the owner for any deterioration they may have suffered by reason of his fraud or negligence. (481)
Art. 574. Whenever the usufruct includes things which cannot be used without being consumed, the usufructuary shall have the right to make use of them under the obligation of paying their appraised value at the termination of the usufruct, if they were appraised when delivered. In case they were not appraised, he shall have the right to return at the same quantity and quality, or pay their current price at the time the usufruct ceases. (482)
What is caucionjuratoria?
The caucionjuratoria refers to the usufructuary, which files a verified petition in court asking for the delivery of the house and furniture necessary for himself and his family without filing any bond or security. This may also apply to instruments or tools necessary for an industry or vocation in which the usufructuary is engaged. The usufructuary shall take care of the property/ things given in usufruct as good father of a family. This case is contemplated in this article:
Art. 587. If the usufructuary who has not given security claims, by virtue of a promise under oath, the delivery of the furniture necessary for his use, and that he and his family be allowed to live in a house included in the usufruct, the court may grant this petition, after due consideration of the facts of the case.The same rule shall be observed with respect to implements, tools and other movable property necessary for an industry or vocation in which he is engaged.If the owner does not wish that certain articles be sold because of their artistic worth or because they have a sentimental value, he may demand their delivery to him upon his giving security for the payment of the legal interest on their appraised value. (495)
L.G. PEREZ LAW and REALTY, is a Real Estate Law Firm operating in the Philippines, which strives to provide prompt legal assistance and sensible solutions to individuals and corporate entities in buying, selling, finance and in litigation of disputes involving Philippine real estate properties and transactions.
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Joe Sherlock interview
Joe Sherlock, Northwest filmmaker, will have the Portland premiere of his latest film, Drifter, at The Clinton Street Theater this Saturday, August 23, at 4 pm. Tickets are $5 dollars (cash only) and he, as well as several cast members, will be present for a Q and A after the film. Additionally, you can pick up a DVD copy of Drifter, as well as some of his other films, at the screening.
Sherlock was able to spend some time talking with The Shadow Over Portland about the film, his inspirations and some tips on how to make your own low budget horror film.
The Shadow Over Portland: I’m talking with Ray Sherlock, Northwest filmmaker, whose latest film, Drifter, will have its Portland premiere on Saturday, August 23 at The Clinton Street Theater. How are you tonight?
Joe Sherlock: I’m pretty good.
TSOP: All right. Before we get talk about Drifter, can we get a bit of background from you about your filmmaking? It looks like you have a pretty extensive list of credits on IMDB.
JS: Most of the stuff isn’t on there. Maybe that’s not the right way to say it, but there’s a lot of stuff that never got on there. And I’ve done a lot of bits and pieces for things that, for one reason or another, never got listed.
I’ve had this filmmaking addiction for many years. I have a similar story to a lot of people. I watched a lot of sci fi and horror stuff on TV when I was a kid, I drew my own comics, and all sorts of geeky stuff. I use to make movies with my dad’s Super-8 camera when I was youngr. When I got out of high school, a friend of mine had a VHS camera and we started making skits, little movies and things like that.
All through college, I made shorts and things like that. In 1995, I decided to try and make something serious, and that was Dimension of Blood. That was the first thing I took seriously, not just goofing around in the backyard. From then on, it was it was making horror stuff, horror comedies, sci fi comedies.
TSOP: You’re in Corvalis. How hard is it to find a crew, actors and all the things needed to make a movie?
JS: It all happened very organically. I started just working with friends. And I co-owned a comic book and game store for 1989 to 1996. Through the store, I met people involved with Live Action Role Playing Games, comic book artists and various people. When I was doing the movies, as I was getting out of the shop, I had my friends, and I had a larger circle of customers. And that was pretty good. There were people into belly dancing, people into Live Action Role Playing, people into costuming, great people who wanting to be involved in something like that.
As time when on, I would get friends of friends. They would tell people, “Oh, I made a zombie movie this week,” and their friends would think that was cool and want to be involved. So, the circle widened and that continues to this day. Most of the people involved in the projects I do today are friends, friends of friends, or people who find out that someone was in a movie project and decide they want to do that.
I’ve also actually gotten several people involved from screenings. I shown several things at a theater in Salem and a lot of people attend, than come up to me and say they want to get involved. So, I get the contact information, we try things out later and see how it goes.
Now, the crew part, most of the stuff I do myself, so it’s not like I have to find a lot of technically adept people, as I usually write, direct, shoot and edit my movies. So if I can get someone able hold the boom poles, I’m pretty good as far as the crew goes.
TSOP: I did notice you have an extensive background in cinematography, directing, producing and writing. Is there any role you prefer when making a movie?
JS: It’s a cliché answer, but I like all of them at different times for different reasons. I like the writing when I’m writing, the directing is fun and the cinematography, in terms of lining up shots and being as visually creative as I can be is fun.
As for the editing… Well, they say you often make three movies. You write a movie, than when you direct it, it becomes a different movie. Than, when you edit it, it becomes, perhaps, another movie. And I think that has some truth to it.
And, I think at any given time during that process, there’s a magic that happens during any one of those phases. So, I guess I don’t really have a favorite.
TSOP: It just depends on the time?
JS: Yeah, it really does.
TSOP: Where did you learn how to make films?
JS: I just learned by doing. I’m self-taught, I didn’t go to film school, I didn’t take any classes. I’ve been told by several people that I make movies because no one told me I couldn’t, which is kind of true (chuckles).
As I mentioned, I drew my own comics and made my own ‘zines, so I was always into that do it yourself mode anyway. When I started doing the video movies, there were magazines like Draculina and Alternative Cinema that were talking about people in the country, and around the world, making these shot on video movies. There was the start of this community and, of course, once the Internet was being used more, that was the perfect place to connect with all these like-minded, back yard filmmakers. People would put up articles, you could go on bulletin boards, and I’d correspond with them. We’d trade movies, and that would give you ideas from watching them.
And on DVDs, one of the things I watch, if they’re well done, is the behind the scene features, because they will talk about how the filmmaker did things. So, I just pick that up as I go along.
TSOP: As far as directors and writers, who would you say is your greatest influence?
JS: For the longest time, I’ve said John Carpenter. I wouldn’t necessarily say if you watch my movies, you think, “Oh, that’s just like a John Carpenter movie.” But I really like the feel of a lot of his movies. He has a mood to them. And it’s a combination of the story, the cinematography and the music, and the way it’s all put together that add up to a vibe his films have. And a lot of the time, he would be writing, directing and scoring the film. He didn’t necessarily shoot it, but he was doing a lot of the pieces like that.
I also have to say, director Fred Olen Ray, and Jim Wynorski to a certain extent, that I admire because they make movies happen often out of sheer will. They made all these B movies, they made a lot of horror movies, as well as TV stuff and family fare; their work runs the gamut. But I think their love is horror, a lot of times B movie horror. And to see they work through the heartache you always experience trying to pull together a low budget production and get things done. They are both prolific and open to talking to fans. Fred, for a long time, ran a bulletin board I was on, and I got all kinds of great ideas and information from that.
TSOP: Is there any movie that inspired you to get into filmmaking?
JS: Well, I have a couple answers for that question. I grew up in New Jersey, until I was eleven. Then, my family moved across the country to Oregon. It was a little traumatic, it was a long distance and I was away from my friends.
There was a movie made by Don Dohler, called The Alien Factor, made in Baltimore. Are you familiar with that one?
TSOP: Oh, yeah.
JS: I love that movie. For all its faults, I love that movie. But part of the reason I loved it was because I’d moved out here to Oregon and it played on KPTV Channel 12. And here was this movie, that was obviously low budget, amateur, you might say, and all the houses, all the weather, looked like where I use to live. Baltimore isn’t too far from New Jersey. And all the actors had thick accents. Not like Jersey accents, but a thick accent compared to out here. It was nostalgic. Even when I watch it now, the architecture, the cars, reminds me of the first eleven years of my life.
On top of that, it had all these crazy monsters in it. That was very inspirational. In fact, I started writing my own story inspired by that, with the intention of filming it on Super-8, and similar things on video once I got to work with a VHS camera.
And it was inspirational because when I watched it, I thought, “Wow, I could do that.” I was thinking, these guys went out in the back yard of their houses and on these country roads somewhere near where I lived, got their friends together and made a movie. And I was like I could do this. They made a movie, and it’s on TV and I’m watching it. So that was very inspirational.
The other movie that is inspirational to me is Phantasm. That would be my favorite horror movie, and part of the reason I love Phantasm is it has so much character to it. It’s unlike a lot of traditional horror movies and has an oddball vibe that appeals to me.
TSOP: Sounds like you were a big fan of KPTV back when the station was showing horror movies.
JS: I was.
TSOP: Same here.
JS: And sci fi as well. I remember watching Dark Star and Silent Running. It seems like that ran that one all the time.
TSOP: Oh yeah.
JS: And The Green Slime. (We both chuckle)
TSOP: Let’s talk about Drifter. It sounds like a slasher flick, though the preview hints at it being a bit more than that. Can you tell us what the film is about?
JS: I don’t know if you want me to talk about the genesis of it or anything like that…
TSOP: Please do.
JS: I have a friend I went to high school with. He owned a house and a restaurant outside of Silverton. I’ve shot two other movies there, Underbelly and Blood Creek Woodsman. Well, he called me at the end of 2012. I knew he’d sold the house and moved, but he called me and said, “You know, I sold the old house, but the buyers aren’t moving in for several months. So if you want to come and shoot some kind of blood murder scene in there, you can have free run of the house, just clean it up when you’re done. It’s empty for the next several months.”
He just thought I would make up would just make up some random scene that he could work into a future project. But, of course, I figured I could shoot a whole movie. And knowing I had the full run of the house, as no one lived there and I wouldn’t have to work around anyone’s schedule, was appealing. And it was my friend’s wife that suggested the idea of someone hiding there, and killing people as they came to the house. So that was the genesis of it. It was an opportunity. Here’s this location, here’s the time frame. What can I do with it?
The initial thoughts were a slasher movie. Someone is hiding within the house and killing people that would come by, like a plumber, a painter, some kids that might break in to party. I mulled that in my head for a while, but I couldn’t figure out why. Who is this guy, why is he doing this? I had ideas, like maybe he was an escaped mental patient. I actually had an idea for a while that flying saucer crashed in some farmer’s field, an alien crawled out and its possessing some guy. Just some wacky stuff.
It was on a long drive to Washington (State) that I came up with the twist. It was, “Okay, here’s what it could be. Here’s why the guy is doing these things.” From there, I wrote it really fast and worked it all out.
So, it has its origins that that slasher/body count/kill, kill, kill, kill kill. But I hope a little more depth comes to it from the twist. You’re still strung along with the mystery of who is this guy and why is he doing these things, but there is a payoff and hopefully it’s an interesting twist.
The other thing I tried to do as the director, and this is akin to Phantasm, was to put some interesting, quirky characters into the film. Some people who have seen the film say it’s got a fair amount of humor in it. But it wasn’t so much that I tried to make it funny, but I think the humor comes naturally from some of these characters and the dialog between them.
Like the lead character and his wife. I really tried to write their scenes so you got the sense that this couple had been married for a long time. So they have their own language they speak to each other, they can be short with each other but it’s okay, because they’ve been married for a long time and it’s a tit for tat kind of thing. And, by putting some of that into the script, it gives the film a little more depth than the traditional here’s a character and they get killed routine.
TSOP: The film had its world premiere at Crypticon in Seattle. How did the audience respond?
JS: It was pretty good. We had a good showing, considering it was a midnight show. It was kind of cool to have a Friday night midnight screening, because it works as a midnight show. It is a B movie, it has all the elements in it. But, you never know. I was competing with one other screening and the big dance party, where all the drinking occurs. And however many room parties were happening. So you never quite know how the attendance will be for something that late. But I had about 45 people in there, so it was pretty good. And they were scared at the right parts, and laughed at the right parts, so it was all good.
TSOP: The film is showing at 4 pm on a Saturday afternoon here in Portland. Do you think that will change the dynamics of the crowd?
JS: That’s a good question. I don’t know. To be honest, I looked at what it would take to rent this place, and I decided to do late in the afternoon because I don’t know who’s going to show up. And we’re bookended by another movie and, later that night, The Rocky Horror Picture Show. I’m hoping a bunch of people come out.
At least it’s a Saturday. I know it’s a little early, but we’ll see.
TSOP: I understand you will be there for the screening, as well as members of the cast and crew.
JS: Yes. Michael Hegg is going to be there. He plays Angus. Sabrina Larivee, Dale Wilson, Emily Howard, Bryn Kristi, Richard Johnson, who plays Don, the main character, Roxxy Mountains, and I believe Rob Merickel is going to be there, who plays the coroner.
TSOP: Sounds like it will be an interesting Q and A.
JS: Boy, I hope so. The plan is, there’s a trailer, then we’re going to watch the movie, then we’ll screen a ten minute making of feature, which is attached to the DVD, then open it up for question.
I’ll have copies of Drifter, as well as my other movies, available for anyone who wants to pick them up.
TSOP: I hope it goes well. I know I’ll be there.
JS: Excellent.
TSOP: What’s your next movie?
JS: I mentioned Blood Creek Woodsman, which we showed at Crypticon last year. That went well, and there was a bunch of color correction and sound work that had to be done, some minor stuff. The goal is to try and wrap that up and, once that’s done, I’ll look at getting DVDs made and set up some local screenings for that.
The other thing I’m wrapping up is a movie called Odd Noggins. The trailer will show before Drifter at The Clinton Street Theater. And again, I’ll get some copies and start looking for local screenings.
TSOP: One final question. It sounds like you’ve learned filmmaking by doing, and some of the answers to my questions have talked about what to do when you make a low budget movie. Any other suggestions for filmmakers, or wanna be filmmakers thinking they can make a film?
JS: First of all, you can. Just do the best you can with what you have. I’ve been told that over the years, and it’s true. I shoot Dimension of Blood on a VHS camera, moved up to High-8, then Mini DV, now I’m shooting on HD.
But if all you have is your phone, make a movie on your phone. Just do it. It’s learn by doing, it really is. You might make something great, or you might make something crappy. But if you make something crappy, you’ll still learn something from the process.
The other thing is… Well, a lot of people will say, “Write what you know.” There is some truth to that, but in terms of a low budget movie, write to what you know you can do. Write stuff that happens in your house, or in your neighborhood. I had a friend who had a restaurant and how often is that? So I shot a bunch of stuff there. I had a circle of friends, related to my comic shop, who were all belly dancers, so in Monster in My Garage, there’s a whole sequence of these alien belly dancers.
There are resources available, you just have to think about them. Do I know anybody has a cool car, or a particular skill, or a cool costume or the nurse who has a nurse’s uniform. You know, there’s a lot of stuff, you just have to figure out the story to tell about it. Or, if you have a story in mind, see what’s around that you can adapt to that story.
Even if you don’t know people who have these locations or own this stuff, it’s amazing if you have the balls to ask people stuff. Often, they are very accommodating because, to the people who aren’t involved on making movies on any level, being involved in a film sounds really cool. As long as you treat everyone well, it is very cool. So, it could be you talk to the owner of a restaurant or bar, a warehouse, a farm or whatever the case may be and say, “Hey, I want to make this movie and wonder if I can use your place.” Maybe they want to be in it, and you have them in the background or make a small part for them, or whatever. Most of the time, people are quite excited at being involved in making a movie and sometimes you can get access to cool cars or locations. You never know until you ask and the worse thing they can say is no. Then you just move on to the next person, or do it a different way.
TSOP: How can people keep up with your future movies and such?
JS: The best place for that is skullfaceastronaut.com. That’s a hub for all the stuff I have going on.
TSOP: Thank you for your time. I don’t want to take up any more of your evening. And I look forward to meeting you in person at the Portland premiere of Drifter.
JS: Thanks a lot. See you in a couple of weeks.
Again, my thanks to Joe Sherlock for taking the time out of his evening for this interview. And, if you're a fan of local, independent horror films, head to The Clinton Street Theater this Saturday, August 23, at 4 pm for the Portland premiere of Drifter, the preview of Odd Noggins, the making of feature and the Q and A with writer/director Joe Sherlock and the cast of the film.
Posted by Chris McMillan at 10:21 PM
Sharknado Two: The Second One (2014)
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US Navy Contract Announcements August 9, 2018
August 9, 2018 seawaves
Science Applications International Corp., Reston, Virginia, is awarded a $596,600,000 indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contract (N6523618D8014) with provisions for cost-plus-fixed-fee, fixed-price-incentive, firm-target, and firm-fixed-price delivery/task orders. The contract is for the production and delivery of integrated command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance systems, networks and support equipment. The work includes procuring, fabricating, assembling, integrating, testing, inspecting and delivering a highly diverse range of systems that include various complex designs provided by Navy program offices in the form of technical data packages. Systems vary in complexity, but generally include the integration of engineered cable assemblies, mounting kit assemblies, hardware, and software/security applications necessary to provide the warfighter with the capability to communicate, maintain situational awareness, and achieve information dominance. The contract includes a single five-year ordering period and an additional two-year award term. The award term, if earned, would bring the cumulative value of this contract to an estimated $861,100,000. Work will be performed in Charleston, South Carolina (90 percent); and Norfolk, Virginia (10 percent), and is expected to be complete by August 2023. If the award term is earned, work could continue until August 2025. Fiscal 2018 Navy working capital funds in the amount of $25,000 will be placed on the first delivery order and obligated at the time of award. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract was competitively procured by full and open competition via the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center e-Commerce Central website and the Federal Business Opportunities website, with four timely offers received. Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Atlantic, Charleston, South Carolina, is the contracting activity.
Lockheed Martin Corp., Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Co., Fort Worth, Texas, is awarded $104,991,053 for modification P00003 to a previously awarded cost-plus-fixed-fee contract (N00019-18-C-1004) for continued design maturation and development of contractually identified Block 4 common capabilities. These efforts are in support of the F-35 Phase 2.2(A)(1) pre-modernization of common capabilities in support of the Air Force, Navy, Marine Corps, and the international partners. Work will be performed in Fort Worth, Texas, and is expected to be completed in July 2019. Fiscal 2018 research, development, test and evaluation (Air Force) and international partner funds in the amount of $27,000,000 will be obligated at time of award, none of which will expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This modification combines purchases for the Air Force ($83,950,846; 79.96 percent) and the international partners ($21,040,207; 20.04 percent). The Naval Air Systems Command, Patuxent River, Maryland, is the contracting activity.
Bell Boeing Joint Program Office, California, Maryland, is awarded $74,217,505 for a firm-fixed-price, long-term contract for the repair of 23 items used on the V-22 aircraft. Work will be performed at contractor facilities in Fort Worth, Texas; and Ridley Park, Pennsylvania. The percentage of work at each of those locations cannot be determined at this time. Work will be completed by August 2019. Fiscal 2018 and 2019 working capital funds (Navy) will be obligated as individual orders are issued, and funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract was a sole-source pursuant to the authority set forth in 10 U.S. Code 2304 (c)(1), in accordance with Federal Acquisition Regulation 6.302-1. The requirement was posted to the Federal Business Opportunities website and the Navy Electronic Commerce Online website, with one offer received. Naval Supply Systems Command Weapon Systems Support, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is the contracting activity (N00383-18-D-NV01).
Lockheed Martin Rotary and Mission Systems, Syracuse, New York, is being awarded a $47,006,804 cost-plus-incentive-fee modification to previously awarded contract N00024-09-C-6247 to procure, assemble, integrate, test, and deliver modernization upgrade kits and associated spares for the AN/BLQ-10 system. Work will be performed in Syracuse, New York (98 percent); Manassas, Virginia (1 percent); and Moorestown, New Jersey (1 percent), and is expected to be completed by December 2020. Fiscal 2018 other procurement (Navy) and fiscal 2018 shipbuilding and conversion (Navy) funding in the amount of $41,683,398 will be obligated at time of award and will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. The Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, District of Columbia, is the contracting activity.
August 2018Bell Boeing Joint Program Office, California, Fort Worth, Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Co., Lockheed Martin Corp., Lockheed Martin Rotary and Mission Systems, Maryland, New York, Reston, Science Applications International Corp., Syracuse, Texas, Virginia
Russian Geographical Society Teams With Russian Navy on Arctic Mission
Iwo Jima Completes Six Month Deployment
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Why Mobile Application Development Service Is Important Today
Tuesday, 30 May 2017 by admin
New devices are being launched every now and then, thanks to ever-growing technology. The evolution of new devices certainly has made the life of an individual a lot easier and convenient, but it has brought many challenges for businesses. Today businesses are not only trying to catch up with the online world but also with the device industry.
In the era of smartphones, just having an up and running website is not enough. According to a recent study, it has shown that more than 45% of Google search results are originating from smartphones. The number is impressive and so is the growth of mobile industry. The need of being available on every internet enabled device has given birth to mobile application development, which signifies the core development of an app specifically for the smartphones and mobile devices.
Does your business need an app?
As a matter of fact, people turn to their mobile phones, smartphones, tablets, and iPhones when they have to look for information on the internet. Today where there is an app for almost everything from shopping to booking to gaming to money transfer, your business cannot afford to miss out on an opportunity to target the half of your audience, which is available on smartphones. Mobile apps are no longer considered to be a luxury, it has become the need of the hour. But this does not mean that every business needs to have a presence on mobile phones.
Let’s picture it this way, if you run a retail business, launching a mobile app does offer a lot of benefits. The app would allow your users to have a glance at your catalog on the internet and make a purchase immediately via the same device. However, if you run a consultancy business, you probably would want to get involved into collaboration tools rather than an app which is available for everyone.
What is the purpose of your mobile app?
It is important for a business to understand the purpose of the app before even planning to launch it. You cannot hire a mobile application development company to get an app developed without knowing the purpose of it. To get the whole picture of launching an app clear, you need a strong mobile strategy. In order to develop a useful app, a mobile strategy is essential so that a business can decide whether to build a mobile-friendly website or a mobile app.
Wondering why not have both? Well, bigger businesses often have both a mobile-friendly website and a mobile application. However, not every website needs both the platform to communicate with its audience. Considering the fact that a mobile website and a mobile application are created for a different type of audience. As an instance, a mobile-friendly site allows every web user to access your site from almost any device, which is well suited for almost any kind of business. On the other hand, a mobile application is catered to a business that provides services and goods to a type of audience, which makes it suitable for retail business.
Smartphones and tablets have certainly replaced desktops and laptops. This replacement has not only affected people across the world but also businesses who are trying their best to reach the masses and serve the best possible solutions to them. Thus, whether you are running a retail business or a consultancy firm, it is always a bright idea to build a fully functional mobile app to target the right audience and be available for them across every possible device.
Source by Joel Stewert
Published in Uncategorised
Free Handheld Wi-Fi Analyzer
Saturday, 27 May 2017 by admin
How do you choose the best Wi-Fi hotspot from all the ones your phone tells you are available, create a detailed coverage map of your SOHO (Small Home/Small Office) network or decide which is the best channel for it? All you need is an Android mobile device and a Wi-Fi analyzer app.
Search Google Play for a list of Wi-Fi analyzer apps. Wi-Fi Analyzer, developed by Kevin Yuan of farproc, heads the list with more than 10,000,000 downloads. Among its many features are the ability to display a visual graph of all active access points in your area, their SSID names, signal strength, channel numbers, MAC addresses and the type of security encryption they use. The app is easy to operate even if you aren’t technically inclined. Measurements might not be lab quality, but all we really need to solve problems are consistent relative readings.
If you’re looking to do this with your iPhone you may be disappointed. Recent changes to the iOS operating system block access to private frameworks that app writers need to duplicate these functions. If you happen to have an older iPhone that hasn’t been upgraded beyond iOS 4 there are similar apps you can use. As a last resort, there are applications for desktop and laptop Macs that will do the same job. You’ll just have to lug bigger equipment around. To keep things simple, I’ll give instructions based on farproc’s Wi-Fi Analyzer app. The other apps should work almost the same if you search through their menus for similar features.
Use the ‘Channel Graph’ view to find a good hotspot. It’s the default screen that comes up when you run the app. In case it isn’t, press the menu soft key (it looks like an eye) and select ‘Channel Graph’. You will now see a graphical display of all available networks. Of course you want a strong one that rises above the rest but if you also want one that doesn’t require a password, look for a ‘*’ beside the SSID. This is an option so you may have to turn it on in the ‘Settings’ menu. If there is no obvious choice, like the one operated by the place of business you’re in, watch the screen for a while to see which ones give a consistent signal. Weaker ones could drop out completely after a few seconds. Hopefully there’ll be a suitable network, on one of the three channels with the least amount of overlap (1, 6 and 11), on the 2.4 GHz band. You can also look at what’s happening on the 5 GHz band by tapping the top left corner. For some reason there’s no icon there unless you touch it.
Now that you have a good idea how to use Wi-Fi Analyzer, try making a coverage map of your home or office wireless network. You may find it easier to switch to ‘Signal Meter’ mode. It measures only one signal at a time so make sure it’s yours. If not, press and hold the network name, choose ‘Select AP’ from the menu then select your network.
Have a printed layout of your all your rooms then go from place to place and take readings at each one. Be sure to allow the meter to stabilize before you record a measurement. That could take 15 or more seconds. If it keeps going up and down use the lowest reading for your map. Make sure all your readings come from the same phone so everything is relative to the same starting point. When you’re done you will easily see where the problems are. You can now take the necessary steps to fix them.
To see if you can improve wireless network performance, go to the ‘Channel Rating’ screen. It rates all the available channels on a scale of 1 to 10. The higher the rating, the less interference on that channel. Monitor the screen as it rates all channels in real-time, updating continuously as conditions change. Once again, make sure it’s set to your network. Press and hold the network name to change it.
You don’t have to “call the guy” to do this kind of Wi-Fi testing and configuration. A simple app like Wi-Fi Analyzer gives you the ability to do it yourself, saving time and money. And as an added bonus, you can still take calls while you’re doing it.
Source by A L Smith
The Difference Between Entrepreneur and Executive
Thursday, 25 May 2017 by admin
There is an unwritten rule in business that once a company goes public, the original founders must be ousted. The myth: entrepreneurs are great for getting a company started, but not so great when Wall Street is looking over their shoulder. Part of this thinking is that founders of companies are mavericks, passionate doers with a vision, nontraditional in their approach to management and outspoken – the kind of rabble rousing that makes investors uneasy. (What is rabble rousing anyway?)
Passionate in their approach, some are seen as little more than televangelists who work their corporate gospel for all it’s worth, but when confronted with real management challenges, their methodologies are revealed to be a house of cards.
To put it mildly, this is a gross generalization and highly inaccurate.
Case in point, Steve Jobs was an entrepreneur with a vision – created the greatest user-friendly computer in the world and took a byte (pun intended) out of IBM’s market dominance. Passionate and visionary, Jobs had in his corner Steve Wozniak to handle the structure of Apple. Before these guys, working on a computer required extensive knowledge of code just to do a simple task. Many a computer science major looked down at those who couldn’t understand the basics of a computer. Then Apple came along and changed all that posturing by inventing a user-friendly computer that required no code, no programming knowledge, just plug and play. With their visually intuitive interface, Apple redefined what working on a computer meant. They changed the computer business forever by creating computers for the rest of us.
So, it wasn’t a mystery why Mac became the computer of choice for graphic designers – with it’s focus on the graphical user interface and out of the box ease of operation, an Apple could be used by anyone. Before the Macintosh, all typesetting at ad agencies and design firms had to be sent out to a type house to be set into those neat rows you see in magazines and newspapers. You never knew what the type would look like until it came back. One wrong calculation could ruin a piece. Calculating typefaces was a science only doled out to designers with a propensity for math. With applications like Pagemaker and WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get) interfacing, Apple ruined independent typesetting companies overnight. Now all typesetting could be done in house from your desktop and changes could be made instantaneously. Apple was the David that slew Goliath and Apple buyers began to take on a cult-like obsession.
But all was not well at Apple. Jobs’ direction for the company seemed at odds with CEO John Sculley. A power struggle ensued and the board of directors sided with Sculley – Jobs was forced out, and the press had a field day. To an outsider it made no sense. To a seasoned businessperson, it wasn’t soon enough. The founder whose ideology was what brought the company to its current stage of profitability and notoriety was seen as a hindrance to the next phase of success. The myth of the entrepreneur, unable to take the company forward, prevailed.
At first, the executive team took Apple down a road where it had never been before, and profits were the proof that all was working. Time would tell, however, that a new CEO, several years of lack luster sales, and a low stock price are enough to make even the most seasoned board of directors realize they may have made a mistake. The Macintosh started to look like an IBM clone. Just another computer.
For obvious reasons, Jobs was asked back in 97 and the Apple brand began to make a comeback. The entrepreneurial spirit returned and Apple stopped making products that looked like grey boxes and started putting the ergonomic designs back into their industrial design. Lessons learned from Jobs’ NEXT computer system were integrated into the new PowerMac lines, and the iMac brought the Apple brand back to profitability. This was an entrepreneur with executive and strategic execution.
Jobs brought the passion back to Apple. The myth of the entrepreneur had been broken. And let’s not forget Jobs’ investment in Pixar before it was acquired by Disney. So much for the myth of the entrepreneur not understanding real business.
Conversely, executives who arose through the ranks of Wharton, Yale or Harvard learned the ropes of hard work and numbers crunching, eventually landing a key leadership position after quite a bit of seasoning, are just as valid. Many a business needs this style of management to operate and with over 50 million businesses in the United States, I’d say the majority of them operate under this management structure.
Just look at the number of law, accounting and engineering firms that must have serious systems in place to operate. This isn’t just a happy accident, it’s tried and true business 101. Many times executives are brought in to clean up the huge mess created by a founder who didn’t know any better.
One of my favorite case studies of exemplary reorganizing is Harley Davidson. AMF drove the Harley name into the ground back in the 70s by firing employees and streamlining production to such a degree that Harley Davidson became the laughing stock of the motorcycle industry. In an effort to push for greater and greater profits, AMF forgot to make a superior product. It didn’t take long for Japanese imports of better quality to flood the American market.
In 1981, AMF sold Harley to a group of investors led by Vaughn Beals and Willie G. Davidson (yes, grandson of co-founder William A. Davidson) for $80 million. In order to get back their market share and keep Japanese imports at bay, Harley Davidson worked closely with The US International Trade Commission, requesting they impose a 45% tariff on imported bikes over 700cc’s. This was a temporary measure specifically designed to protect Harley and raise the price of Japanese imports. It was the helping hand that kept the competition at bay.
Next step was for quality to increase while keeping costs low. In Japan after WWII, W. Edwards Deming created a productivity model using a simple method of only ordering inventory when needed. Before his methods, companies usually kept large amounts of product in warehouses. It was costly to store, heat and/or cool and costly to insure. And if inventory prices fell, you were stuck with overpriced goods. Assembly could be at such a loss that a company could go out of business.
Deming was the father of Just In Time manufacturing and for good reason – he single handedly helped Japan rebuild after WWII. JIT focused on ordering inventory only when needed but, more importantly, gave workers on the assembly plant floor control over product quality, even the authority to shut down the line if a part or finished product didn’t meet their standards. Quality over quantity.
Harley’s executive management deliberately returned to what made their company famous – the macho “retro” appeal of the machines, building motorcycles that deliberately adopted the look and feel of their earlier cycles with customer-requested customizations. Components like brakes, front forks, shocks, carburetors, electrical parts and wheels were outsourced from foreign manufacturers and quality increased, technical improvements were made, and buyers slowly returned.
With JIT methodologies and a return to quality, Harley Davidson’s reputation began to grow into the premium brand it is today. They even went so far as to get The US International Trade Commission to lift the previously levied tariffs. Because people were still buying Japanese imported cycles at a premium, once the tariffs were lifted, the price stayed the same, and allowed Harley to charge an even higher premium.
Today’s Harley brands encompass the traditional bikes such as the Fat Boy, and female biker focused brands like the Sportster, and the Cafe Racer inspired V-Rod with it’s retro look. Solid management brought Harley Davidson back from the edge of oblivian.
But what can we learn from both styles of management? First, let’s define the two positions. The dictionary defines the entrepreneur as “one who organizes a business undertaking, assuming the risk for the sake of the profit.” This individual many times takes on all the roles within a company until profits and/or investors allow for staffing.
And an executive is defined as “one who administers or manages matters of business of a corporation.” In other words, the executive oversees the structure and the day-to-day operations for the board, the owners, or investors. Compensation may be in the form of perks, stock options, or bonuses.
Either way it appears as if the entrepreneur is working for him or herself and the executive is working for the investors.
So what can entrepreneurs learn from executives and what can executives learn from entrepreneurs?
Entrepreneurs must understand that their business(es) should run without them. Systems and structure must be executed by management and each member of an enterprise should know his/her role. When venture capitalists and bankers invest in a new start-up, it is the first thing they look for – business structure. The passionate nature of the founder may get them to the table, but it is true day-to-day business management they look for. Look at Ray Kroc, founder of McDonalds. He created tight methods for creating every product on the menu. In a business where profit margins are very tight, Kroc showed investors that his structure assured profits, whether he was there or not.
Executives, on the other hand, should take a page from the entrepreneur by looking beyond the numbers and going with their gut. When Mazda introduced the Miata, all the marketing data out there said nothing about a little convertible sports car. It was the last thing on the American consumers’ mind. But Mazda did the unthinkable – they put passion back into driving with a fun and affordable roadster that brought back the days of British MG Midgets and weekends in the country.
The Miata made them look like geniuses. Had they anticipated some sort of market trend? The fact is they did nothing of the kind. Mazda took a chance that paid off big time. They put excitement back into driving. Period. Consumers buy because there is a an emotional reason to buy. Numbers crunching doesn’t reveal passion.
The balance between the entrepreneur vs. executive methodologies is a simple paradigm – it is right-brained thinking versus left-brain thinking. To truly take over the business world, one must integrate both. Look at the leaders you admire best. If you look closely, you will see that they operate from both a sense of passion for what they do while balancing systems, as well as integrate a structure that operates during their absence.
Jack Welch is a prime example of someone who balances the two sides of entrepreneur and executive. He was the very outspoken CEO of General Electric for over 40 years. Passionate and strict, he became a mini-celebrity appearing on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno many times. He kept the bread and butter parts of GE (large turbines, electrical engines, stuff the consumers never see) robust, while balancing the consumer products (televisions, refrigerators, washing machines, etc.) with their financial services divisions. He truly played both roles.
Now that he has retired he is a well sought out speaker for obvious reasons – he knows how to run a business from both sides.
Look at Lee Iacocca, former President Bill Clinton, John Johnson, Mary Kay-Ash, Donald Trump, Malcolm Forbes, Warren Buffet, Tony Robbins, Hilary Clinton, HP’s former CEO Carly Fiorina, etc. All are reflections of balance between an entrepreneur’s spirit and a corporate executive’s strategy. The balance between passion and discipline is what drives all of them.
As Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart once said, “Neither a lofty degree of intelligence nor imagination nor both together go to the making of genius. Love, love, love, that is the soul of genius.”
The funny part is one of Mozart’s sons, Franz Xaver Wolfgang, was rumored to be a better, more disciplined musician than his father, but Xaver shyness only allowed him to focus on conducting – his back to the audience. Having to work in the shadow of his famous father was too hard and despite touring extensively, he faded into history. And there it is again – the passion of an entrepreneur and the logic of the executive.
The balance between the two seems to be the road less traveled, but it has the greatest rewards. In closing, my expertise in this field is extensive, so all I can recommend is that if you are an entrepreneur, learn to build structure and if you are an executive, find what is passionate about your company and reveal it. The results will astound.
BTW: When Mac users talk about their computers, iPods and iPhones they usually use words like “I love my Mac.” Strong words for an inanimate object, but that is Apple’s target audience. They have an emotional attachment for Apple products. Most entrepreneurs dream of creating that kind of customer loyalty. How do you turn loyal advocates into cult-like zealots? Ask Steve Jobs and Guy Kawasaki. They, in my book, are the masters. Know your audience and you’ll know their passions.
Also, Apple breaks the mold as a business. They are one of the few consumer products manufacturers who also provide content. That’s like a television manufacturer providing the shows as well. But unlike SONY, who does just that, Apple’s profit margin percentages as a ratio of sales to manufacturing are much more lucrative. One of the best verticle models I’ve seen.
This article and my blogs, articles and designs etc…are created on a MacBook Pro, with a 17-inch screen and YES, I love my Mac.
Also, I am not a fan of over analyses especially when it comes to basic human nature. Entrepreneurs shoot from the hip and executives strategize. One builds start-ups, the latter maintains and builds equity. What is there to analyze?
Here’s some “lite” reading on the subject:
Source by Brad Szollose
7 Pros and 7 Cons of Audiobooks
Monday, 22 May 2017 by admin
I just finished my first audiobook. And it was an experience worth sharing:
I had been reading reviews and blog posts and tweets about Seth Godin’s newest book, Linchpin. Went to a couple of bookshops on my way to work/home; it wasn’t available. So I went to Amazon.com to order one. I was at Amazon after a long time, and was surprised to see the options available: Kindle (ebook download), hardcover, paperback, audio CD and audio download. Audio download looked like the fastest option so I checked it out. It took me to Audible.com – an Amazon company, where an audio download was being offered for just USD7.49 with a new membership! I signed up, paid the money, downloaded the book, and started listening to it right away! The benefits:
1. It’s fast. I was listening to the book after just a few clicks in few minutes.
2. It’s cheap. Book versions were USD13-25.
3. It’s convenient. I copied the file to my iPhone to listen during my commute to and from work.
4. It’s safe. A copy each on my computer, iPhone and backup is likely to last (damage-free) as long as I wish.
5. It takes no space. So less clutter. No worries about whether to keep, sell off, recycle or give-away.
6. It’s environment-friendly. No paper, ink, chemicals.
7. It’s comfortable. For someone who spends a lot of time in front of computers or books, this is a good break for the eyes. You can listen while standing, walking or lying down.
And the disadvantages:
1. You need technology – computer, Internet access, applications like iTunes, and power supply
2. You need a handheld device to maximize the use of audiobooks – iPhone, iPod or any other MP3 player
3. You need a credit card for online purchase
4. You can’t share. I love giving away my books to someone who might enjoy/benefit. Most audiobooks can’t be shared on multiple computers/accounts.
5. You can’t refer as easily. I like to go back to particular passages in my favorite books for inspiration/information/sharing. In audiobooks, you can fast-forward to chapters but it’s difficult to go to the exact passage you are looking for.
6. You can lose it easily – unless you have a good backup system.
7. You become anti-social. Your chances of interesting conversations with strangers greatly diminish if you go around with headphones in your ears.
On balance, I think it depends on your lifestyle, circumstances and even the kind of book you want to read. Please take a few minutes to share your views through comments: Have you tried an audiobook? If not, will you? What other pros and cons can you think of?
Source by Mush A Panjwani
A Shining Moment for Tech
Do you remember where you were when Apple CEO Steve Jobs unveiled the very first iPhone?
OK, for most people, it’s not a moment like the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, the moon landing or the fall of the Berlin Wall. I remember it because I was doing the same thing I usually am when companies announce interesting things – watching the market. And the market really liked this announcement.
But I remember Apple and its iPhone because I sat back and thought: “Jobs has got something great there.”
This smartphone was going to be everything we needed. It was sleek, powerful and easy to use. It had the “coolness” factor that Apple had established with the iPod years earlier.
We’re facing another “Apple moment” with a company that has made some stunning technological innovations while still making them sleek, easy to use and cool.
It Started With a Car
Tesla took the next step in attempting to revolutionize how we think of and use energy for our everyday needs.
The first step was with its Model 3 – the first electric, Internet-connected and self-driving car. The company has taken roughly 400,000 preorders for this car worth upward of $10 billion, and it’s not even slated to launch until the end of this year.
This sleek-looking car has an approachable entry price of $35,000, and it appeals to millennials by being environmentally friendly while still giving them access to all the latest technology.
Plus, Tesla comes with an innate “coolness” factor as it sits right there on the cutting edge of the latest innovations.
And now Tesla wants to have a hand in your home… well, your roof to be exact.
Cutting-Edge Tech for Your Roof
Tesla recently announced that it had begun taking orders for its new solar roof system with its so-called “infinity” warranty.
Rather than adding the current enormous solar panels on top of your existing roof to capture the sun’s rays, Tesla has created tiles that look just like regular terracotta, slate or asphalt roof tiles, but they’re actually a type of glass with the solar cell built inside. And Tesla’s warranty claims that the roof will last longer than the life of your home.
So rather than having the unsightly panels, you can get tiles that look just like regular roof tiles. Tesla has made the collection of solar energy aesthetically pleasing… and it’s cheaper than many analysts were anticipating. Tesla CEO Elon Musk announced that active tiles would cost $42 per square foot and inert tiles were $11 per square foot.
Bloomberg estimated that renovating a 2,000-square-foot home in New York with 40% coverage of active tiles and a battery to store the energy would cost approximately $50,000 (after federal tax credits), but it would generate $64,000 in energy over a 30-year period. Not a bad deal, particularly if your home has good exposure to the sun.
Musk’s vision is that your home will collect solar power through the roof tiles and the energy will be stored in a central battery. From that battery, you will be able to charge your electric car. All your energy needs will be covered in one handy spot – clean, efficient and easy.
Capturing Apple’s Moment
We’ve been here before… in 2001, when Apple released its first iPod, revolutionizing how we carried around and listened to music. Sure, an iPod was a little more expensive than other gadgets at the time, but the technology was cutting-edge, and it offered everything we wanted right at our fingertips.
Apple did it again in 2007 when it released its first iPhone, and people flocked to it, allowing the iPhone to sell more than 6 million units before it moved on to the next generation.
Now, I’m not saying that Tesla is going to get 270,000 preorders for its solar roof the way Apple did for its iPhone during the first 30 hours. The price point is certainly higher, but Tesla is playing the same combination that Apple managed years ago – cutting-edge technology, ease of use, an approachable price point and a certain “coolness” factor that other solar companies just haven’t been able to achieve in the past. Plus, 400,000 preorders for the Model 3 mean that the company certainly has the world’s attention.
Tesla is an excellent example of the kind of technological innovations and opportunities that are in the market at the moment.
You don’t want to miss the next Apple or Tesla moment.
Source by Jocelynn Smith
How to Download Windows Phone 7 XAP App Files to PC Without Zune
Wednesday, 17 May 2017 by admin
Microsoft’s Windows marketplace or Zune Player doesn’t allow you to download XAP files (Windows Phone apps/games file extension) directly to your PC. It makes previously downloaded Windows Phone XAP files useless as you have to re-download them in case if you’ve lost your precious data (syncing might help but we’re considering the case where you’ve forgotten to sync your device with Zune). It is very troublesome for many users as Windows phone marketplace is not active in all the countries. For example Indian users have no other option but to wait for Microsoft to enable the marketplace.
In such cases it is extremely important to get WP7 apps/games directly to our PC without any interference of Zune. There is already a trick available to make Windows phone marketplace working even if it is not available in your country (hint: change the country in settings). However, we are not here to discuss on this topic. There is a nifty application available called XGENO which lets you search and download free Windows Phone XAP files directly to your PC. It is an extremely useful utility and comes to rescue of many users where marketplace is still not available.
One of the major advantage of using XGENO is that you don’t even need to have Zune player or sign-in into your Windows Live ID to download apps from marketplace. This application itself is pretty simple. Its metro UI will give you a similar experience like native marketplace application on your device. Better side is that, this application is available for free to download.
How to Use XGENO
Download XGENO from the link give at the bottom of this article. Extract the zip content and run the program directly (you need not to install this program…windows 7 users should run this application as an “Administrator“). Once you’ve downloaded this application you need to go to “Setting” option to set the download path. Your downloaded files will be saved to this location on your PC. You need to set the path every time you launch this application. There is also a provision for Proxy server setting to download the app/game anonymously. In case if you want to download WP7 apps behind proxy, then you should enter your proxy server address in this field. Later you can use XAP installer to install or transfer the file to your Windows Phone 7. There are already few applications available in the XDA developer forum which can do the similar let you install XAP file(s).
XGENO comes in handy when you’re bit skeptic about trying the application directly on your Windows Phone. You can use developer tool to run it on emulator and later you can send it to actual device. One of the down-side of using XGENO is that the application or XAP file is not saved by the application name in marketplace but rather by application ID. It is quite difficult to recognize the application by merely looking at the application ID, so you should the XAP file every time you download them. XGENO lets you download only one WP7 app at a time. At times you may feel that the app is hanging, but it is normal.
Do let us know if you’re having trouble in downloading XAP files from marketplace directly.
Download XGENO
Source by Ricky Shah
Advantages to Android Game Development
The industry of mobile game development has introduced a very important aspect to the market – the ability to conceptualize, develop, and release video games on devices with far more success and ease than ever before. And with the Android app marketplace only requiring a one-time fee for submitting an application, the cost becomes almost negligible to put the product out for millions of customers to find. Even the submission process is drastically shorter than on most other smartphones, as the app regulation is far more lenient for the Android OS.
Another drawing point for developing games on Android devices is the programming language featured- Java. Java has long been one of the most popular programming languages for video game developers, and thus makes it extremely easy for the average programmer to pick up Android development for the first time. Compared to most other mobile platforms, which usually sport modified or newly invented languages, the learning curve is decreased to nearly nothing, so a new developer can complete a game in a fraction of the time.
Another unique aspect to Android game development is the lack of standardization in the droid phone family. As the Android OS is not licensed to a single mobile phone making company, the phones themselves can vary to an extreme degree in terms of features and hardware specifications. While one device may have a fully functioning A-GPS and HDMI video compatibility, another may have a QWERTY keyboard and no GPS at all. While this is certainly appealing to some developers, as they are likely to find a phone that will meet their hardware needs precisely, it will also restrict the potential audience, as some phones will not be able to support the more complex applications.
When the game development process has finally reached the point where it can be released to the public, the developer is presented with yet another choice- which market would the game be most visible in? Unlike the iOS, there are numerous marketplaces and app stores for Android phones, each one with it’s own advantages and disadvantages. From the basic Android marketplace, built to only display the apps compatible with the phone currently being used, to the Amazon app store, which offers a different free app every day, the myriad of marketing strategies can be almost daunting, which makes it all the more useful that an application can almost always be entered into multiple marketplaces without issue. However, whether it makes sense to spread attention across several different fields is another question entirely.
The Android game development process overall truly gives the most variety on the smartphone market. From start to finish, strategies can be hand-tailored to the developer’s desires, making the game as close to the original concept as currently possible. While the audience may not be as large as that of iPhone users, the Android presents itself as a strong contender, purely through its accessibility. And with the largest variety of smartphones on the current market, the possibilities for development are inexhaustible, and continued releases can only add to the capabilities the platform has to offer.
Source by Michael VK
Cell Phone Repair – The Better Option
Friday, 12 May 2017 by admin
Cell phones have grown from being communication tools to a hot fad of the current generation. Everyone, regardless of age or financial standing, owns or wants to own one. With rapid development in technology, a cellphone is fast becoming a replacement for the computer. From iPhone, Blackberry, to iPad, the list of state of the art smartphones is endless. This increased variety has given users a range of prices to choose from, so more and more people own their own personal cellphones. The increased ownership results in an increased number of damages. Cellular phone repair has become an industry in itself. Cellphone repair shops are present everywhere now, but people prefer to replace their damaged or malfunctioning cell phone rather than getting it repaired. Here’s why cellphone repair is the best option.
A new mobile phone will cost more than getting your damaged phone repaired. While you can get it repaired for less than a $100, you may have to cough up more than $1,000 for a new one, depending on your type and contract. Go for the latest and go broke! Cellular phone repair is a cost-effective option, but might take you more time than getting a new one. Still, it is better to get your broken phone fixed rather than paying a lot of money for a new device.
Getting a new phone means you would have to transfer the data present in your damaged phone to the new one. Since your phone is malfunctioning or broken, you will experience loss of data. Going for cell phone repair is a good option as repair stores can get your broken phone fixed, as well as recover and retain all the data you have in your phone. Imagine losing the 250 contacts you had and having to build your contact list from scratch! Cell phone repair is the better option.
The more the number of mobile phones used, the more the environment is damaged. Cell phones create radiation and heat and add to the problem of global warming. Getting a new phone means you add to the number of mobile phones already in use. Cellphone repair is the environment-friendly option. No further harm is caused to the environment because of this. If your phone gets damaged or broken, visit a cell phone repair store rather than buying a new one!
The arguments stack up in favor of cell phone repair, so you should always get your damaged or broken phone fixed rather than going for a new one.
Source by Joel Quinn
Do Not Eat Too Much of Five Kinds of Fruits
Sunday, 07 May 2017 by admin
As we all know, fruits are very nutritious and beneficial to human health. However, if you eat too much of some kinds of fruits, they will bring serious consequences to your body. Generally speaking, there are five kinds of fruits that you should not eat too much.
First, apple: eating too much is not conducive to the health of heart and kidney.
Apple juice has an antidiarrheal effect and can cure constipation. Eating an apple after meal can also promote digestion. However, apple is rich in carbohydrates and potassium, so excessive intake of apple is not conducive to the health of heart and kidney. As a result, patients who suffer from coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, nephritis and diabetes should not eat too much.
Second, pear: diabetic patients should not eat too much.
Pear has the effect of relieving cough and reducing phlegm. However, as pear is cold in nature, so people with stomach deficiency should not eat too much. What’s more, because pear contains high content of sugar, excessive intake will increase the blood sugar, so diabetic patients should eat less.
Third, persimmon: do not eat in an empty stomach.
Persimmon contains large amounts of vitamin A, C, and tannic acid. It is not only very nutritious, but also has a lot of medical effects, such as lowering blood pressure and stopping bleeding, clearing heat and smoothing intestines, moistening the lung and promoting the secretion of saliva or body fluid, etc. However, persimmon contains a large number of pectin, which, when meets with the gastric acid, will agglutinate into fibrous block mass, thus leading to epigastric pain and indigestion. What’s more, as pectin has an astringent effect, so it is inappropriate to eat persimmon in an empty stomach.
Fourth, pomegranate: eating too much is harmful to the teeth.
Pomegranate contains large amounts of fructose and a variety of vitamins and minerals. Pomegranate has good effect on dysentery, rectocele and pharyngitis. However, if you eat too much pomegranate, it is not good for the health of your teeth and may make you suffer from anorexia.
Fifth, chestnut: people who suffer from constipation should not eat too much.
Chestnut contains starch, protein, crude fiber and vitamins. It is very beneficial to the health of kidney, spleen, and liver. Doctors of traditional Chinese medicine regard chestnut as “kidney fruit”, which is particularly appropriate for people suffering from nephropathy. However, chestnut is difficult to be digested, so you should not eat too much each time, especially for people suffering from constipation. Otherwise, it may aggravate the symptoms.
Source by Lv Hongyu
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Court of Appeal Distances Itself from its Earlier Latanoprost Decision and Finds Promised Utility of Donepezil Soundly Predicted
Nisha Anand, Paula Bremner and Kitt Sinden
Published April 18th, 2012
Mylan Pharmaceuticals v. Pfizer et al. 2012 FCA 103
Summary: The Federal Court of Appeal dismissed an appeal of a decision of Justice Hughes that granted an order prohibiting the Minister of Health from issuing a Notice of Compliance (“NOC”) to Mylan Pharmaceuticals ULC (“Mylan”) with respect to its generic version of Pfizer Canada Inc. (“Pfizer”)’s Aricept®, used for the treatment of Alzheimer’s type dementia. Canadian Patent No. 1,338,808 (“‘808 Patent”) includes a claim for donepezil, the active ingredient in Aricept®. The Federal Court of Appeal agreed with Justice Hughes that the ‘808 Patent only promised therapeutic utility and that references in the description to lower toxicity and greater duration were mere “advantages”.
Analysis: There were two primary issues on appeal. The first was whether Justice Hughes had erred in finding that he could not consider Mylan’s argument that the ‘808 Patent should be invalidated based on wrong or misleading data. The second was whether Justice Hughes had erred when he found that safety, or lack of toxicity, was not part of the promise of the patent in rejecting Mylan’s argument that the ‘808 Patent was invalid for lack of sound prediction. Both are fairly standard allegations at first blush but upon further reflection, are definitely food for thought.
On the first issue, Justice Hughes relied on the well-established principle that proceedings under the Patented Medicines (NOC) Regulations (“PM(NOC) Regulations”) are framed by the Notice of Allegation (“NOA”)[i] to dismiss the allegation of wrong and misleading data as a ground of invalidity. Mylan argued persuasively in both proceedings that it had no basis for including “wrong and misleading data” as a ground for invalidating the ‘808 Patent when it filed its NOA since it did not yet have access to the data in question. Mylan could not have known that the allegation was even available early enough to include it in its NOA.
While strict adherence to the NOA is meant to ensure procedural fairness for the applicant/first person, generics would argue that it results in procedural unfairness for the respondent/second person. While he appreciated that Mylan could not know that there were errors in the data reported in the ‘808 Patent without access to the raw data and experimental results, Justice Hughes decided that a rule is a rule. The Federal Court of Appeal agreed or at least, upheld that decision (paras. 34, 35).
Despite having found that the allegation was beyond the scope of the NOA, both Justice Hughes and the Federal Court of Appeal considered the data that Mylan alleged was wrong and misleading. While discrepancies in the data disclosed in the ‘808 Patent were acknowledged, the Courts found that these were merely bona fide reporting errors, which were not material to the conclusions drawn from those experiments regarding donepezil’s utility (para. 46). It remains to be seen whether material errors in a patent would persuade the Court to soften the otherwise impenetrable boundaries of the NOA. In this case, Mylan was only arguing no sound prediction – there was no allegation regarding insufficiency or wilfully misleading.
On the issue of whether the ‘808 Patent was invalid for lack of sound prediction, the decision turned on the Court’s characterization of the promise of the patent. Justice Hughes held, and the Federal Court of Appeal later upheld, that the promised utility of the ‘808 Patent was that a new class of compounds (including donepezil) was effective in the treatment of Alzheimer’s based on their acetyl-cholinesterase inhibitor function. While the Federal Court of Appeal acknowledged there were “some references … made in the ‘808 Patent to potential toxicity and efficacy benefits of donepezil, and to its potential advantages over prior art compounds”, they agreed with Justice Hughes that these were merely “potential advantages” rather than promises, per se. Both Courts were concerned about the zealous lawyer, who tries to turn such potential advantages into promises (paras. 57, 59, 61). Since a lack of toxicity was construed not to be part of what was promised in the ‘808 Patent, it could not form the basis of an allegation that the ‘808 Patent was not soundly predicted at the time it was filed.
Practice Points: The Court’s decision on the propriety of allegations that go beyond the scope of the NOA, whether or not those allegations were available at the time the NOA was filed, is consistent with previous decisions under the PM(NOC) Regulations. Generics may want to consider including an allegation in the NOA relating to improper data, and its various consequences to utility, sufficiency and wilfully misleading as a matter of course, whether or not grounded on any public information, in the event a factual basis arises in the future. This presents an interesting strategic issue given that the factual allegations in a NOA are presumed to be true, and there may be consequences to a generic asserting incorrect facts.
An underlying issue regarding construction of the promise of the patent was the lower Court’s substantial criticism of Mylan’s expert evidence. The Court found Mylan’s lawyers basically suggested the promise to its experts. As such, the Court was left with Pfizer’s experts to instruct them as to how a person skilled in the art would read the promise (paras. 57-61). In addition, the Federal Court of Appeal (rightly or wrongly) focused on the language of the relevant claim: “claim 18 of the ‘808 Patent simply refers to a ‘therapeutical composition for treating senile dementia…’ without any further promise relating to side effects or toxicity” (para. 56). This decision may assist patentees in encouraging the Courts to construe “lower” promises that are easier to soundly predict.
[i] Mayne Pharma (Canada) Inc. v. Aventis Pharma Inc., 2005 FCA 50; AB Hassle v. Canada (Minister of National Health and Welfare) (2000) 7 C.P.R. (4th) 1; AB Hassle v. Apotex Inc. 2006 FCA 51; Ratiopharm Inc. v. Canada (Health) 2007 FCA 83
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Commission approves Bluff land transfer with HIRF
The San Juan County Commission decided unanimously to transfer 3.88 acres of land that the Hole in the Rock Foundation owns for 2.18 acres the county owns at their Nov. 20 meeting in Monticello.
The county approved the transfer despite public comment stating that many residents were against the land transfer.
Jim Sayers opened the public comment portion of the meeting to address the issue of the land transfer prior to the commission making a motion. Sayers represented Bluff as a resident and a town councilman at the meeting.
“My message is simple and one that I have made here before,” Sayers said. “I just want to convey, as a member of the Bluff Town Council and a longtime property owner in Bluff with a lot of ties in the south part of the county, that we are opposed to trading this land off if that is what this topic is about.”
Commission Chair Bruce Adams confirmed for Sayers that was indeed the topic associated with the agenda item labeled “Bluff Land Transfer.”
“We’re just opposed to that,” Sayers told the commission. “The transfer station, as it is right now, works very well for us and for people south of the river.
“We believe that you’ve got a resolution from the Mexican Water Chapter stating as much. And as I have pointed out before, the people to whom the trade is being considered are not long-time residents of this county, many of them.
“It appears that it is strongly connected to a church mission, which I have no bias one way or the other except for the separation of church and state.
“And many of these people are not residents of the state of Utah, whereas all the people I have talked to are residents and many of them have lived in Bluff all of their lives. All are opposed to this transfer, this trade.”
The commission thanked Sayers for his comments at the beginning of the meeting before moving on to the next agenda item. They eventually arrived at the land transfer item and unanimously passed a motion to transfer the land.
Sayers gave public comment at a commission meeting in September along with other residents who gave similar comment.
The commission thanked them for their comments in September and informed them the commission would need more time to make a decision on the matter.
In September, Wes Shook, a member of the Bluff Service Area Board since 2015, said he opposes the transfer of the land.
He reported that a 1993 agreement between the Navajo Area Indian Health Service (NAIHS) and San Juan County shows the Navajo Nation paid $30,000 for half the construction cost of transfer stations in Bluff and Mexican Hat.
He alleged the agreement stipulates the transfer stations would serve residents within 30 miles of the stations.
Shook reiterated that in past discussions involving the land transfer, the HIRF indicated they would fund construction of a new transfer station at a different location if they acquired the current Bluff Transfer Station property.
Shook asked in September how the county would continue to uphold the NAIHS agreement if the HIRF has no plans to follow through with a new transfer station.
Shook questioned whether the land transfer is in the best interest of the county and asked why Bluff residents should have to travel further away to dump trash.
“We’ve been considering this for a couple months now, transferring land that the Hole in the Rock Foundation owns with land that the county owns,” Adams said when the commission began discussion on the subject again at the Nov. 20 meeting. “We’ve previously closed the transfer station in Bluff pursuant to our treatment to Monticello and Blanding cities.”
Adams then asked if there was a motion to approve the transfer and commissioner Phil Lyman then made the initial motion to “trade the land with the foundation.”
“I think after much discussion and taking a look at the pros and cons, I’ll second that motion,” Commissioner Rebecca Benally said before seconding the motion.
After the transfer of the land was made official by a unanimous vote, Clerk/Auditor John David Nielson and County Administrator Kelly Pehrson were tasked with preparing the paperwork to get the transfer done, “as quickly as possible.”
No date for the completion of the transfer was specified during the meeting.
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The Reengineering Revolution?: Critical Studies of Corporate Change
Edited by: David Knights & Hugh Willmott
Subject: Organization Development, Critical Management Studies
Online Publication Date: May 31, 2012
The Reengineering Revolution reviews the significance of the Business Process Reengineering trend for management practice since the early 1990's. Combining empirical and theoretical perspectives, David Knights and Hugh Willmott show how both term and practice shaped the recent widely adopted policies of `downsizing', restructuring and emphasis on `process' rather than task. Well-known contributors analyze the impact of Business Process Reengineering in a number of settings: supermarkets and the food chain; the public sector; banks. The theoretical history of Business Process Reengineering is also detailed in relation to ideas about bureaucracy, hierarchy, transformation
Knights, D. & Willmott, H. (Eds.) (2000). The reengineering revolution?: Critical studies of corporate change London: SAGE Publications Ltd doi: 10.4135/9781446218983
Knights, David and Hugh Willmott, eds. The Reengineering Revolution?: Critical Studies of Corporate Change. London: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2000. doi: 10.4135/9781446218983.
Knights, D & Willmott, H (eds) 2000, The reengineering revolution?: critical studies of corporate change, SAGE Publications Ltd, London, viewed 17 July 2019, doi: 10.4135/9781446218983.
Knights, David and Hugh Willmott, eds. The Reengineering Revolution?: Critical Studies of Corporate Change. London: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2000. SAGE Knowledge. Web. 17 Jul. 2019, doi: 10.4135/9781446218983.
Chapter 1: The Reengineering Revolution? An Introduction
Chapter 2: ‘Now Where Were We?’ BPR Lotus-Eaters and Corporate Amnesia
Chapter 3: Dedicated Followers of Fashion: BPR and the Public Sector
Chapter 4: ‘Such Stuff as Dreams are Made on’: BPR up against the Wall of Functionalism, Hierarchy and Specialization
Chapter 5: Reengineering the Food Chains: A Systems Perspective on UK Supermarkets and BPR
Chapter 6: Business Process Reengineering and ‘The New Organization’
Chapter 7: What about the Workers?: BPR, Trade Unions and the Emiseration of Labour
Chapter 8: BPR and TQM: Divergence or Convergence?
Chapter 9: Management as Magic: Reengineering and the Search for Business Salvation
Editorial arrangement and Chapter 1 © David Knights and Hugh Willmott 2000
Chapter 2 © Keith Grint and Peter Case 2000
Chapter 3 © Matthew Jones and Richard Thwaites 2000
Chapter 4 © Darren McCabe and David Knights 2000
Chapter 5 © Jennifer Frances and Elizabeth Garnsey 2000
Chapter 6 © Søren Peter Gunge 2000
Chapter 7 © Gregor Gall 2000
Chapter 8 © Mihaela Kelemen, Paul Forrester and John Hassard 2000
Chapter 9 © Robin Fincham 2000
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the Publishers.
6 Bonhill Street
London EC2A 4PU
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Greater Kailash – I
ISBN 0 7619 6292 1 (pbk)
Library of Congress catalog record available
Typeset by Mayhew Typesetting, Rhayader, Powys
Printed in Great Britain by Athenaeum Press, Gateshead
Peter Case is Senior Research Fellow in Organizational Theory at Oxford Brookes University, and holds higher degrees from the University of Massachusetts and the University of Bath. A sociologist by training, his research interests revolve around a central theme: the manner in which humans pursue strategies of self-defeat in the organizations they co-create and the means by which such strategies are rationalized. His recent work on these themes can be found in such journals as Management Learning, Journal of Management Studies and Studies in Cultures, Organizations and Societies. Current research projects include the study of virtual organizations and issues of (mis)trust in management practice and education.
Robin Fincham is a Senior Lecturer in Management at Stirling University. His recent research interests include critical perspectives on new technology, in particular information systems in financial services. Current research focuses on the nature of managerial knowledge, managerial fashion and management consultancy. His publications include Expertise and Innovation: IT Strategies in Financial Services (Oxford, 1994), New Relationships in the Organised Professions (Avebury, 1996), and a forthcoming edited collection, Critical Consulting (Blackwell).
Paul Forrester is Senior Lecturer in Operations Management and Convenor of the Operations and Information Management Research Group at Aston Business School. His research interests centre upon the design and organization of production systems, and the relationship with technology and manufacturing strategy. He also has interests in international management development practices and has extensive research and teaching experience in Pacific Asia and Central/Eastern Europe. He has published widely in all these fields.
Jennifer Frances is a consultant with Employment Relations Consultants, working with senior managers within large-scale organizations in both the public and private sectors. Jennifer's postgraduate research at the Open University focused on supply chain management in the food industry, and as Research Fellow in the Open University Business School she worked with the ESRC Innovation Programme.
Gregor Gall is a Senior Lecturer in Industrial Relations in the Department of Management and Organization at the University of Stirling. He has sought to bring to bear a Marxist analysis in examining and analysing the challenges facing contemporary trade unionism in Britain.
[Page vii]Elizabeth Garnsey's wide research interests have led her to explore a revitalized systems approach to complex dynamic processes. Her publications illustrate applications of this approach to emerging industry and retail networks. An Oxford graduate, she completed her doctoral work at the University of California at Berkeley. She holds a part lectureship in Innovation Studies with the Cambridge University Department of Engineering and Judge Institute of Management Studies.
Keith Grint is a Reader in Organizational Behaviour at the Said Business School, and a Fellow of Templeton College, Oxford University. His recent publications include The Machine at Work (1997, with Steve Woolgar), Fuzzy Management (1997), and the 2nd edition of The Sociology of Work (1998). He is currently working on an ESRC-sponsored project on informal leadership. His current books, The Arts of Leadership and The New Sociology of Work, are both due out in 2000.
Søren Peter Gunge is currently employed as a Researcher at the Centre for Work Environment and Change Management, a research centre established by the Department of Occupational Medicine, Herning Hospital and the Herning Institute of Business Administration and Technology, Denmark. Previously he was employed as a Research Fellow at the Department of Organization and Management, the Aarhus School of Business, Denmark, where he was doing research on IT and organizational change.
John Hassard is Professor of Organizational Analysis at UMIST. Previously he taught at the London Business School and Keele and Cardiff universities. His publications include Time, Work and Organizations (1989), The Theory and Philosophy of Organizations (1990), The Sociology of Time (1990), Sociology and Organization Theory (1993), Postmodernism and Organizations (1993), Towards a New Theory of Organziations (1994), R and D Decisions (1996) and Organization/Representation (1998). His research interests lie in organization theory and industrial sociology.
Matthew Jones is a Lecturer in Information Management in the Management Studies, Department of Engineering and Judge Institute of Management Studies at the University of Cambridge. Dr Jones previously held postdoctoral research posts at the Universities of Reading and Cambridge where he was involved in the development of computer-based models for use in public policy decision-making. His current research interests are concerned with the social and organizational aspects of the design and use of information systems, and the relationship between technology and social and organizational change. He has published widely on these issues.
Mihaela Kelemen is Lecturer in Quality Management in the Department of Management of Keele University and a member of the Centre for Social Theory and Technology. Her research interests and publications cover topics such as critical approaches to quality management and reengineering, identity and morality, gender, and Eastern European management.
[Page viii]David Knights is Professor of Organizational Analysis and Head of the School of Management at Keele University. He is the editor of the journal Gender, Work and Organization and has published widely in journals and books. Research interests include: organization and social theory; Call Centre research; and education, gender, IT, strategy and consumption in financial services. Recent authored books include: Managers Divided: Organisational Politics and Information Technology Management, (with F. Murray, 1994, Wiley); and Management Lives: Power and Identity in Work Organisations (with H. Willmott, 1999, Sage). Edited books include: Regulation and Deregulation in European Financial Services (with G. Morgan, 1997, Macmillan) and Financial Service Institutions and Social Transformations: International Studies of a Sector in Transition (with T. Tinker, 1997, Macmillan).
Darren McCabe is a Lecturer in Organizational Analysis at the Department of Management, Keele University. His research has focused upon a variety of innovations in both the manufacturing and financial services sectors including Total Quality Management, Business Process Reengineering and Teamworking. His most recent publications include D. McCabe (1999) ‘Total Quality Management: Anti-Union Trojan Horse or Management Albatross?’ in Work, Employment and Society (1999) and ‘The Team Dream: The Meaning and Experience of Teamworking for Employees in an Automobile Manufacturing Company’, in Teamworking, (ed. S. Proctor and F. Mueller, 1999, Macmillan).
Richard Thwaites holds a BA in Criminology from Simon Fraser University, a Masters in Public Administration from University of Victoria and an MPhil from the University of Cambridge. He has worked widely as a consultant in the Canadian public sector.
Hugh Willmott is Professor of Organizational Analysis in the Manchester School of Management. He is currently working on a number of projects whose common theme is the changing organization and management of work, including projects in the ESRC Virtual Society and Future of Work programmes and an ICAEW-funded study of strategic reorientation. His most recent books include Making Quality Critical (co-edited, 1995, Routledge), Managing Change, Changing Managers (co-authored, 1995, CIMA), and Making Sense of Management: A Critical Introduction (co-authored, 1996, Sage) and Management Lives (co-authored, 1999, Sage). Hugh has served on the editorial boards of a number of journals including Administrative Science Quarterly, Organization, Organization Studies and Accounting, and Organizations and Society.
A Case Study of Major League Soccer: Upcoming League Expansion
Beyond Management
Burning Man: Moving From a For-Profit to a Nonprofit, the Ultimate Act of Gifting
Change Without Compromise (A): The Decline and Turnaround of Temple Baptist Church
Change Without Compromise (B): The Growth of NorthRidge Church
Child and Youth Finance International
Critical Analysis of Organizations: Theory, Practice, Revitalization
amnesia,
business process reengineering,
market share,
reengineering,
supermarkets,
total quality management,
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Cazenovia Ski Club
For real skiers.
Come ski with us….
Bring a Guest
Russ Brownback
Cazenovia Ski Club offers great slopes, rich tradition
20 December 2010 11 December 2018 kate
Written by Russ Brownback, a devoted member of the Cazenovia Ski Club.
Cazenovia is renowned for its many unique assets. Indeed, Lorenzo, Cazenovia Lake, Chittenango Creek and Falls, and the ubiquitous historic architecture are easily identifiable treasures that make our community stand out among other small towns that dot the maps of the Northeastern United States. Yet one such unique attraction is all too often absent from the high-visibility list of local resources, the Cazenovia Ski Club.
On roughly 100 acres of incredibly diverse terrain, from heart-stopping “steeps,” to powder-laden glades, to groomed cruisers, and to gentle beginner trails. Though there is varied enough terrain for all abilities, it is widely accepted that “if you can ski all of the terrain at Caz, you can ski anywhere in the world.”
The property’s location allows it to harness Mother Nature’s winter goodness to its fullest potential. Prevailing northwesterly winds collect the accumulated snow from the meadows of Ridge Road and distribute it generously across the club’s terrain. An unofficial rule of thumb among members is that if you want to know how much new snow there is to ski on, simply take the amount of snow in the village and double it.
The ski area is steeped in Cazenovia tradition. The woodsy slopes were first cleared for skiing in the 1930s by a group of hearty local residents who were keen to participate in the alpine craze that was sweeping the nation on the heels of the 1932 Lake Placid Olympics. The early enthusiasts ascended the rugged slopes by virtue of a portable rope tow, powered by an old Ford Model-A motor. Ultimately, these pioneers purchased the property and incorporated as the Cazenovia Ski Club in 1941.
Over the ensuing decades the ski club developed a deeply rooted culture, defined by participants who share a passion for Central New York’s winters and a strong desire for local adventures with family and friends. But the club’s culture transcends the singular enjoyment of winter athleticism. Indeed, most participants are folks who place a large emphasis on trust and cooperation, both on the hill and in life.
“This is a character-building club as much as anything, and is one of the few remaining ski clubs of its kind,” said long-time member and current board seat holder Scott Falso.
The entire ski area’s operations are handled by club members themselves, from lift maintenance, to ski patrol, to trail grooming, as well as year-round social events. Even the snow making operation is managed by enthusiastic volunteers who brave frigid temperatures and 2 a.m. shifts to ensure a consistent quantity and quality man-made output.
The Cazenovia Ski Club has had its share of ups and downs over the years. The ski industry’s 1980s rough patch spelled the demise of local ski areas Mystic Mountain and Ironwood Ridge, but though the ski club’s membership dwindled to a small core during those years, it managed to hang on through sheer will of spirit.
Through those ups and downs, reams of ski club lore has accumulated which has been passed down from generation to generation. Many members tell stories of former race team member and eventual Olympic great Vicki Fleckenstein, breaking numerous local records as a young ski racer. Others recall current member Rick Cote as a thirteen-year-old defying his father and accepting a dare to jump Rathbun Road at high speed and land in the briar patch across the road.
The original pioneering spirit, thick tradition, and all of the lore lives on in many third generation families still skiing at the club in 2010; Verbeck, Travis, Grunert, Falso, Utter, Dwyer, Talbot and Lounsbury are but a few names of many local families who have participated in the ski club tradition across multiple generations.
That family lineage is perhaps best exemplified by the club’s long-time president, Jim King. King’s parents, wife and kids, siblings, and nieces and nephews are all current members. His sons load lifts and help maintain the club’s version of a terrain park. His brother Pete is a present board member and participates in the ski patrol effort. And King’s father, Russ, spearheaded a recent fundraising effort to build a new maintenance building.
The Cazenovia Ski Club is a “come-one-come-all” organization. All it takes to belong is a strong sense of adventure and a desire to participate in old-school winter fun. Just stop by the Club on any given winter Sunday and see bands of kids building jumps with garage-sale shovels or creating woods trails through the evergreen groves. See families enjoying picnic lunches on the deck or friends gathered around the woodstove in the rustic wax hut for après ski. As you take it all in, you can’t help but think that today’s version of the Cazenovia Ski Club is exactly what those Depression-era pioneers had in mind.
central new york, NY, Russ Brownback, skiing, slopes, steep skiing 1 Comment
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Chandler High School wins AIA Director’s Cup
By Brian Benesch, Sports Editor
Chandler High School won the Arizona Interscholastic Association Director’s Cup, which recognizes one area school for excellence in academics, athletics and activities.
It marked the first time in school history that the Wolves received this prestigious award, recognizing that Chandler students succeeded in the classroom during the past year. The school’s student-athletes recorded a 3.4 combined GPA.
“We always emphasize the word ‘student’ in student-athletes and tell our kids that academics always come first. That is the number one priority,” said Chandler High Athletic Director Jim Culver.
“We have many student-athletes that take advanced placement classes and international baccalaureate classes, which gives them a great foundation in preparing beyond high school.”
On the field, Chandler High celebrated yet another title-filled season. The Wolves’ football team claimed its third state championship in four years with a thrilling 49-42 win over Perry High.
The school continued to dominate the track scene this spring, as well. The girls squad captured a state title for the third time in as many years, while the boys fell just short of accomplishing the same feat, finishing second to Desert Vista.
Chandler’s girls swim and dive team was the runner-up to Xavier Prep last winter.
The school’s baseball squad went 22-8, resulting in the Arizona Baseball Coaches Association naming Chandler’s David Lopez its Coach of the Year.
The AIA’s recognition was simply the latest honor bestowed on the school. But without a doubt, it is one of the most meaningful awards a program can receive.
Culver, the fifth-year athletic director, credits both the student-athletes and coaches for establishing Chandler’s winning culture over the years.
“I think we are fortunate to have an excellent coaching staff that not only cares about their student athletes, but also has a great ability to motivate them to always give their best effort,” Culver said.
One of those coaches is Shaun Aguano.
The football head man, who played a big role in his team’s championship run, said he believes success in the classroom translates onto the football field.
“First off, you have to take care of the kids. You have to create an environment where the kids are successful in the classroom and on the field,” the coach said. “You can only play football for so long, so we look for our kids to be successful after school.”
Chandler High’s dedication to learning on and off the field has stood out for many years. It was certainly a collective effort, with neither Aguano nor Culver ever taking credit for the school’s remarkable achievements.
“As a school and an athletic director, it would be considered one of the highest honors that we could accomplish,” Culver said.
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The truth about Russia's military "resurgence"
The Bulletin Online
By Pavel Podvig | 29 January 2008
By all indications, the Russian military has enjoyed a revival of sorts in recent years. 2007 was an especially notable year in this respect. In April, Russia completed construction of a strategic submarine of a new class, the first since the Soviet Union's dissolution. Despite a string of unsuccessful flight tests, the military has continued to develop a new sea-launched missile for these submarines. In May and December, the Rocket Forces tested a new intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) equipped with multiple warheads. In August, President Vladimir Putin made a point to personally announce that he ordered strategic bombers to return to the Cold-War practice of conducting regular long-range patrol flights. The list goes on--Russia has been upgrading its network of early warning radars, plans to resume producing strategic bombers, and is considering developing another new ICBM. In October, Putin called Russia's plans to modernize its strategic forces no less than "grandiose."
Because it serves as a vestige of superpower status, many Russians look at such a "resurgence" with pride. Naturally, the buildup concerns the West, which also views it in Cold War terms, even though the scale is nowhere near that of Soviet deployments. Whatever the reaction, there seems to be consensus that the credit for this mini-renaissance belongs to the current Russian leadership and to Putin personally. This partly explains Putin's high-approval ratings in Russia and his recent selection as Time magazine's "Person of the Year."
But upon closer inspection, a different story emerges. It's a story of weak leadership, not one of strength. Instead of leading a resurgence, the current Russian leadership has given the military and defense industry a free hand in setting national security policy and uncritically accepted their narrow view of the world and its problems. Just like the Soviet Union during the Cold War, today's Russia has little control over its military-industrial complex. And since the military-industrial complex can only build missiles, submarines, and bombers, it's not surprising that Russia's security threats are now defined to require missiles, submarines, and bombers. The result is that the discussion of security issues in Russia is dominated by paranoid scenarios involving the United States destroying Russian missiles in a surprise attack and alarmist projections of how U.S. missile defense will affect Moscow's "strategic balance."
It's hardly surprising that the military-industrial complex is pushing the "resurgence" agenda--generals always fight the last war. There's little doubt that they will convince the government to keep its number of missiles and submarines at a "respectable" level. Or that the military will be able to maintain these missiles at a reasonable degree of readiness. With a strong economy, Russia can certainly afford strategic forces that would be considered impressive by Cold-War standards. But these standards are irrelevant today and the strategic forces designed to fight the Cold War are useless when it comes to the security threats that exist today. Therefore, this "grandiose resurgence" will eventually prove unnecessary, expensive, and dangerous.
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United StatesUnited KingdomChinaHong KongCanadaRussiaFranceIndiaIrelandAustraliaSwitzerlandNetherlandsGermanyItalySpainSwedenNew ZealandIsle of ManUnited States Minor Outlying IslandsOmanJapanBulgariaNepalUkraineUnited Arab Emirates
Lesotho Population: 1,953,070
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Basutoland was renamed the Kingdom of Lesotho upon independence from the UK in 1966. The Basuto National Party ruled the country during its first two decades. King MOSHOESHOE was exiled in 1990, but returned to Lesotho in 1992 and was reinstated in 1995 and subsequently succeeded by his son, King LETSIE III, in 1996. Constitutional government was restored in 1993 after seven years of military rule. In 1998, violent protests and a military mutiny following a contentious election prompted a brief but bloody intervention by South African and Batswana military forces under the aegis of the Southern African Development Community. Subsequent constitutional reforms restored relative political stability. Peaceful parliamentary elections were held in 2002, but the National Assembly elections of February 2007 were hotly contested and aggrieved parties disputed how the electoral law was applied to award proportional seats in the Assembly. In May 2012, competitive elections involving 18 parties saw Prime Minister Motsoahae Thomas THABANE form a coalition government - the first in the country's history - that ousted the 14-year incumbent, Pakalitha MOSISILI, who peacefully transferred power the following month. MOSISILI returned to power in snap elections in February 2015 after the collapse of THABANE’s coalition government and an alleged attempted military coup.
Landlocked, completely surrounded by South Africa; mountainous, more than 80% of the country is 1,800 m above sea level
Location: Southern Africa, an enclave of South Africa
Geographic coordinates: 29 30 S, 28 30 E
Area: total: 30,355 sq km
land: 30,355 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Size comparison: slightly smaller than Maryland
Land Boundaries: total: 1,106 km border countries (1): South Africa 1,106 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
Climate: temperate; cool to cold, dry winters; hot, wet summers
Terrain: mostly highland with plateaus, hills, and mountains
Natural resources: water, agricultural and grazing land, diamonds, sand, clay, building stone
Land use: agricultural land: 76.1% arable land 10.1%; permanent crops 0.1%; permanent pasture 65.9% forest: 1.5%
Irrigated land: 30 sq km (2012)
Natural hazards: periodic droughts
Current Environment Issues: population pressure forcing settlement in marginal areas results in overgrazing, severe soil erosion, and soil exhaustion; desertification; Highlands Water Project controls, stores, and redirects water to South Africa
International Environment Agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
Nationality: noun: Mosotho (singular), Basotho (plural)
adjective: Basotho
Ethnic groups: Sotho 99.7%, Europeans, Asians, and other 0.3%
Languages: Sesotho (official) (southern Sotho), English (official), Zulu, Xhosa
Religions: Christian 80%, indigenous beliefs 20%
Population: 1,953,070 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2016 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: 32.4% (male 317,933/female 314,849)
55-64 years: 5% (male 52,016/female 45,549)
65 years and over: 5.47% (male 54,466/female 52,281) (2016 est.)
male: 24 years
Population growth rate: 0.3% (2016 est.)
Death rate: 14.9 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)
Major urban areas - population: MASERU (capital) 267,000 (2014)
Mother's mean age at first birth: 21 note: median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2014 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 53 years male: 52.9 years
Contraceptive prevalence rate: 47% (2009/10)
rural: 77% of population
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 22.73% (2015 est.)
Education expenditures: 13% of GDP (2008)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 34.4% male: 29%
Country name: conventional long form: Kingdom of Lesotho
conventional short form: Lesotho
local long form: Kingdom of Lesotho
local short form: Lesotho
former: Basutoland
etymology: the name translates as "Land of the Sesotho speakers"
Capital: name: Maseru
Administrative divisions: 10 districts; Berea, Butha-Buthe, Leribe, Mafeteng, Maseru, Mohale's Hoek, Mokhotlong, Qacha's Nek, Quthing, Thaba-Tseka
Independence: 4 October 1966 (from the UK)
National holiday: Independence Day, 4 October (1966)
Constitution: previous 1959, 1967; latest adopted 2 April 1993 (effectively restoring the 1967 version); amended several times, last in 2011 (2016)
Legal system: mixed legal system of English common law and Roman-Dutch law; judicial review of legislative acts in High Court and Court of Appeal
Executive branch: chief of state: King LETSIE III (since 7 February 1996); note - King LETSIE III formerly occupied the throne from November 1990 to February 1995 while his father was in exile
head of government: Prime Minister Pakalitha MOSISILI (since 18 March 2015)
cabinet: Cabinet elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary but under the terms of the constitution that came into effect after the March 1993 election, the monarch is a "living symbol of national unity" with no executive or legislative powers; under traditional law, the college of chiefs has the power to depose the monarch, to determine next in line of succession, or to serve as regent in the event that a successor is not of mature age; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the Assembly automatically becomes prime minister
Legislative branch: description: bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (33 seats; 22 principal chiefs and 11 other senators nominated by the king with the advice of the Council of State, a 13-member body of key government and non-government officials; members serve 5-year terms) and the National Assembly (120 seats; 80 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 40 directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)
elections: last held on 28 February 2015 (next to be held in 2020)
election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - DC 38.4%, ABC 37.8%, LCD, 9.9%, BNP 5.5%, PFD 1.7%, RCL 1.2%, NIP 1.0%, MFP 0.6%, BCP 0.5%, LPC 0.3%, other 3.1%; seats by party - DC 47, ABC 46, LCD 12, BNP 7, PFD 2, RCL 2, NIP 1, MFP 1, BCP 1, LPC 1
Judicial branch: highest court(s): Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, such number of justices of appeal as set by Parliament, and the Chief Justice and the puisne judges of the High Court ex officio); High Court (consists of the chief justice and such number of puisne judges as set by Parliament); note - both the Court of Appeal and the High Court have jurisdiction in constitutional issues judge selection and term of office: Court of Appeal president and High Court chief justice appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister; puisne judges appointed by the monarch on advice of the Judicial Service Commission, an independent body of judicial officers and officials designated by the monarch; judges of both courts can serve until age 75
subordinate courts: Magistrate Courts; customary or traditional courts; military courts
Political parties and leaders: All Basotho Convention or ABC [Motsoahae Thomas THABANE] Basotho Congress Party or BCP [Thulo MAHLAKENG] Basotho National Party or BNP [Thesele MASERIBANE] Democratic Congress or DC [Pakalitha MOSISILI] Lesotho Congress for Democracy or LCD [Mothetjoa METSING] Lesotho Peoples Congress or LPC [Molahlehi LETLOTLO] Marematlou Freedom Party or MFP [Vincent MALEBO] National Independent Party or NIP [Kimetso MATHABA] Popular Front for Democracy of PFD [Lekhetho RAKUOANE] Reformed Congress of Lesotho or RCL [Keketso RANTSO]
Political pressure groups and leaders: Media Institute of Southern Africa, Lesotho chapter [Tsebo MAT�ASA] (pushes for media freedom)
International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
National symbol(s): mokorotio (Basotho hat); national colors: blue, white, green, black
National anthem: name: "Lesotho fatse la bo ntat'a rona" (Lesotho, Land of Our Fathers)
lyrics/music: Francois COILLARD/Ferdinand-Samuel LAUR
note: adopted 1967; music derives from an 1823 Swiss songbook
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Eliachim Molapi SEBATANE (since 2 November 2011)
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Matthew T. HARRINGTON (since October 2014)
embassy: 254 Kingsway Road, Maseru West (Consular Section)
mailing address: P.O. Box 333, Maseru 100, Lesotho
telephone: [266] 22 312 666
FAX: [266] 22 310 116
Small, mountainous, and completely landlocked by South Africa, Lesotho depends on a narrow economic base of textile manufacturing, agriculture, remittances, and regional customs revenue. About three-fourths of the people live in rural areas and engage in animal herding and subsistence agriculture, although Lesotho produces less than 20% of the nation's demand for food. Agriculture is vulnerable to weather and climate variability. Lesotho relies on South Africa for much of its economic activity; Lesotho imports 90% of the goods it consumes from South Africa, including most agricultural inputs. Households depend heavily on remittances from family members working in South Africa, in mines, on farms, and as domestic workers, though mining employment has declined substantially since the 1990s. Lesotho is a member of the Southern Africa Customs Union (SACU), and revenues from SACU accounted for roughly 44% of total government revenue in 2014. The South African Government also pays royalties for water transferred to South Africa from a dam and reservoir system in Lesotho. However, the government continues to strengthen its tax system to reduce dependency on customs duties and other transfers. The government maintains a large presence in the economy - government consumption accounted for 37% of GDP in 2014 and the government remains Lesotho's largest employer. Access to credit remains a problem for the private sector. Lesotho's largest private employer is the textile and garment industry - approximately 36,000 Basotho, mainly women, work in factories producing garments for export to South Africa and the US. Diamond mining in Lesotho has grown in recent years and may contribute 8.5% to GDP by 2015, according to current forecasts.
GDP (purchasing power parity): GDP (purchasing power parity): $6.019 billion (2016 est.) $5.878 billion (2015 est.) $5.717 billion (2014 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate): GDP (official exchange rate): $1.806 billion (2015 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP): GDP - per capita (PPP): $3,100 (2016 est.) $3,000 (2015 est.) $3,000 (2014 est.)
Agriculture - products: corn, wheat, pulses, sorghum, barley; livestock
Industries: food, beverages, textiles, apparel assembly, handicrafts, construction, tourism
Labor force: 919,900 (2016 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 86% industry and
services: 14% note: most of the resident population is engaged in subsistence agriculture; roughly 35% of the active male wage earners work in South Africa (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate: 28.1% (2014 est.) 25% (2008 est.)
Distribution of family income - Gini index: 63.2 (1995) 56 (1986-87)
Budget: revenues: $835.9 million
expenditures: $978.3 million (2016 est.)
Public debt: 53.4% of GDP (2015 est.) 47.8% of GDP (2014)
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
Current account balance: -$144 million (2016 est.) -$178 million (2015 est.)
Exports: $851.6 million (2016 est.) $844.1 million (2015 est.)
Exports - commodities: manufactures (clothing, footwear), wool and mohair, food and live animals, electricity, water, diamonds
Imports: $1.688 billion (2016 est.) $1.737 billion (2015 est.)
Imports - commodities: food; building materials, vehicles, machinery, medicines, petroleum products
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $812.5 million (31 December 2016 est.) $904.2 million (31 December 2015 est.)
Debt - external: $948.8 million (31 December 2016 est.) $866.7 million (31 December 2015 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: $438.2 million (31 December 2016 est.) $376.2 million (31 December 2015 est.)
Exchange rates: maloti (LSL) per US dollar - 16.15 (2016 est.) 12.76 (2015 est.) 12.76 (2014 est.) 10.85 (2013 est.) 8.2 (2012 est.)
Electricity - production: 500 million kWh (2014 est.)
Electricity - consumption: 800 million kWh (2014 est.)
Electricity - installed generating capacity: 80,000 kW (2014 est.)
Electricity - from fossil fuels: 0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants: 100% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
Electricity - from other renewable sources: 0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
Crude oil - exports: 0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
Crude oil - imports: 0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
Refined petroleum products - production: 0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
Refined petroleum products - consumption: 5,000 bbl/day (2014 est.)
Refined petroleum products - exports: 0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
Refined petroleum products - imports: 5,121 bbl/day (2013 est.)
Natural gas - consumption: 0 cu m (2013 est.)
Natural gas - imports: 0 cu m (2013 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy: 300,000 Mt (2013 est.)
Cellular Phones in use: total: 2.237 million subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 115 (July 2015 est.)
Telephone system: general assessment: rudimentary system consisting of a modest number of landlines, a small microwave radio relay system, and a small radiotelephone communication system; mobile-cellular telephone system is expanding
domestic: privatized in 2001, Telecom Lesotho was tasked with providing an additional 50,000 fixed-line connections within five years, a target not met; mobile-cellular service dominates the market and is expanding with a subscribership now over 110 per 100 persons
international: country code - 266; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2015)
Broadcast media: 1 state-owned TV station and 2 state-owned radio stations; government controls most private broadcast media; satellite TV subscription service available; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters obtainable (2008)
Internet country code: .ls
Internet users: total: 313,000 percent of population: 16.1% (July 2015 est.)
Airports: 24 (2013)
Airports (paved runways): total 3
under 914 m: 1 (2013)
Roadways: total 5,940 km
paved: 1,069 km
unpaved: 4,871 km (2011)
Lesotho's declared policy for its military is the maintenance of the country's sovereignty and the preservation of internal security; in practice, external security is guaranteed by South Africa
Military branches: Lesotho Defense Force (LDF): Army (includes Air Wing) (2012)
Military service age and obligation: 18-24 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; women serve as commissioned officers (2012)
Military expenditures: 1.94% of GDP (2012) 2.3% of GDP (2011) 1.94% of GDP (2010)
Disputes - International: South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration
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Washington looking for scoring going into NCAA Tournament
(AP Photo/John Locher)
By TIM BOOTH
SEATTLE (AP) Based on his history and experience in the NCAA Tournament as an assistant coach, Mike Hopkins knows the style of defense Washington plays will give the Huskies a chance of hanging around against seemingly any opponent.
He also knows that no matter what kind of chaos Washington's zone defense creates, the Huskies still must find a way to hit shots at a far more consistent rate than they did late in the season if they want their return to the tournament to last more than just one day.
"I think we've been a little inconsistent but we've had great signs of making shots in multiple games and we will," Hopkins said Tuesday. "We have to share it. We have to move the ball. The more the ball moves, the better shots we're going to get, the better rhythm we're going to have."
Washington (26-8) is back in the NCAAs for the first time in eight years as a No. 9 seed. The Huskies will face No. 8 seed Utah State in the first round of the Midwest Region on Friday in Columbus, Ohio. The tournament berth follows a rapid two-year turnaround since Hopkins left his position as an assistant at Syracuse under Jim Boeheim.
But though excitement is accompanying their return, the Huskies are clearly not playing their best.
The Huskies have lost three of the past seven games, including a pair of losses to Oregon where Washington was held to season lows of 47 and 48 points. The second of those came in the Pac-12 tournament championship game Saturday in Las Vegas. Those two performances against the Ducks, coupled with other stretches where Washington's offense has been stagnant late in the season, have amplified concerns about whether the Huskies can score enough to pull off a tournament victory no matter how well they play at the defensive end.
Utah State is the type of opponent that will test Washington.
Utah State has won 10 straight, including the Mountain West tournament title game. The Aggies enter the NCAAs giving up 66.8 points per game, but it's two other areas where they could end up exposing Washington. Utah State is ninth in the country in field goal percentage defense, allowing opponents to make only 39.1 percent of their shots. The Aggies are sixth nationally in rebound margin, grabbing 8.9 rebounds more than their opponents per game.
During Utah State's winning streak, only Colorado State shot better than 43 percent against the Aggies and they've outrebounded opponents in 20 of the past 22 games.
"You can tell they're going to be very disciplined, not really going to be too rattled. ... Guys who are well-coached and care about their team success over their individual success, and those types of teams are dangerous," Washington guard David Crisp said.
Hopkins said Utah State's defensive style will dare the Huskies to shoot 3-pointers. That's been good and bad of late. Washington has scored more than 70 points four times in the past 13 games. One game went to overtime, and in each of the four, the Huskies made at least eight 3-pointers. In three of the four, they hit 10 or more 3s.
The most impressive offensive effort came against USC in the Pac-12 tournament quarterfinals when the Huskies hit a season-high 13 3s. Two days later, the Huskies were 5 of 23 on 3s against Oregon, and Hopkins and Crisp both believe those offensive struggles impacted the effort on the defensive end for one of the few times this season.
Hopkins said one of the big messages going into the NCAAs with a group of players that has never been there will be the importance of staying locked in on defense.
"Regardless of how your offense is rolling, the thing that is going to make us different in this tournament, and any tournament, and has made us different all year, is our defense," Hopkins said. "If you stay focused on that and don't let missing shots affect that, we can be in every game. Now, make shots and do that, we can beat anybody."
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Karl Lagerfeld is joining forces with Shu Uemura to give fashion and beauty lovers alike a spectacular one-off holiday collection! With Karl Lagerfeld's immense love of the make-up brand (for 20 years, he's been adding colour to his sketches with Shu Uemura cosmetics as opposed to actual...
In this context, the forthcoming exhibition on the photographer Lagerfeld can not but attract our curiosity, as it is capable of delivering a much more intimate picture of the man with the ponytail its multiple presentations of collections ... If Karl Lagerfeld (the creator) has no secrets...
Karl Lagerfeld has unveiled his Spring 2016 "Karl Robot" capsule collection. The ready-to-wear clothes and accessories feature an array of playful, futuristic motifs, ranging from galaxies and spaceships to the designer and his famous cat, Choupette, caricatured as a robots. Pieces include...
At the spectacular Théâtre des Champs-Elysées in Paris, Creative Director Karl Lagerfeld presented the first ever Fendi Haute Couture collection for Fall/Winter 2015. The 90 year old Italian luxury fashion house debuted its haute fourrure collection. Celebrating 50 years at Fendi, Lagerfeld...
Nearly all of the latest collections are infused with some amount of classic punk style, from graphic T-shirts to metal studs and leather galore. Honoring the trend of the season, Karl Lagerfeld has presented a capsule collection, featuring eight authentically punk pieces. The designer...
Finally, Monsieur Karl Lagerfeld releases a menswear collection. Upon hearing his name, we instantly envision a man in a tailored black and white suit, dark glasses (usually aviators) and leather gloves. The chief designer for Chanel, and artistic director for Fendi, cuts an iconic figure...
One of the biggest designer collaborations for this fall, Karl Lagerfeld for Macy's, has finally arrived! Well, almost. The collection officially hits Macy's department stores on August 31st, but the flagship Herald Sq. location has already decorated their main floor with mannequins donning...
K Jacques St Tropez shoes
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Syria, United Kingdom
Cameron loses House of Commons vote on Syria military intervention
August 29, 2013 Kevin Lees 3 Comments
The joint US and European will to respond to last Wednesday’s chemical attack on the eastern outskirts of Damascus has received a blow after the British House of Commons voted narrowly 283 to 272 against a resolution that would have provisionally authorized British military intervention in Syria — a staggeringly rare defeat for a British government on a matter of foreign policy.
The vote comes as a blow not only to UK prime minister David Cameron, who suffered defections from nearly three dozen skeptical Conservatives as well as additional Liberal Democratic members of his own governing coalition, but also interventionists in the United States who are urging US president Barack Obama to launch an aggressive attack on the regime of Syrian president Bashar al-Assad. It is very unlikely that the United States would proceed with unilateral military action without British support, which is unlikely to come anytime soon in light of Cameron pledge to respect the parliamentary decision:
I can give that assurance. Let me say, the House has not voted for either motion tonight. I strongly believe in the need for a tough response to the use of chemical weapons, but I also believe in respecting the will of this House of Commons. It is very clear tonight that, while the House has not passed a motion, it is clear to me that the British parliament, reflecting the views of the British people, does not want to see British military action. I get that and the government will act accordingly.
It’s a vote that has the potential to turn the US-UK relationship upside down, to turn Middle Eastern realpolitik upside down, to turn British politics upside down and even to turn US politics upside down. For a sitting prime minister to lose a vote like this is a huge reversal in the relationship between an ever-more powerful British executive and an ever-more feeble parliament on issues like security policy and foreign affairs.
Most immediately, it means that a U.S.-led missile strike, which seemed imminent yesterday, will now be postponed until early next week, at the earliest, when chemical weapons inspectors from the United Nations have had an opportunity to provide their initial assessment of what happened in Ghouta and eastern Damascus. The vote also comes after several news organizations reported that U.S. and allied intelligence agencies are assured that while the chemical attack came from pro-Assad forces, they are uncertain who ordered the attack amid indications that Assad and his top military brass were caught unaware. Meanwhile, French president François Hollande has backed off earlier, more urgent calls for military action.
Cameron’s massive defeat does not necessarily preclude a vote next week after the United Nations reports back as to which party — and which chemical agent — is to blame for the horrific Damascus attack. If the UN report, together with US and European intelligence, all points to Assad’s culpability, Cameron and Obama will have a much stronger case for an aggressive response, either inside or outside the United Nations Security Council.
Meanwhile, the vote is perhaps the largest political victory in Ed Miliband’s three-year tenure as leader of the Labour Party. Miliband firmly opposed the resolution even after Cameron offered to submit to a second vote before authorizing military action, making today’s resolution essentially a vote for the principle of the British government’s potential military intervention. The vote capped a tumultuous 24 hours in Westminster, with Cameron’s allies accusing Miliband of giving ‘succour’ to the Assad regime, which probably didn’t make it likelier that Labour would close ranks with the Tories over a potential Syria intervention. It was a principled stand for Miliband and, though he’s closer to British public opinion on Syria than Cameron, it was also a courageous stand for a young opposition leader to oppose a sitting government on such a crucial matter of foreign policy.
Miliband’s line boils down to one sentence from his statement earlier today: ‘Evidence should precede decision not decision precede evidence’:
If the UN weapons inspectors conclude that chemical weapons have been used, in the eyes of this country and the world, that confers legitimacy on the finding beyond the view of any individual country or any intelligence agency. What is more, it is possible that what the weapons inspectors discover, could give the world greater confidence in identifying the perpetrators of this horrific attack….
I am also clear that it is incumbent on us to try to build the widest level of support among the fifteen members in the Security Council, whatever the intentions of particular countries. The level of international support is vital should we decide to take military action. It is vital in the eyes of the world. That is why it can’t be seen as some sideshow or some moment, but actually an essential part of building the case if intervention should take place.
It wasn’t just Labour that opposed Cameron, though. Top Tories remain skeptical, including many former ministers in the House of Lords, such as Douglas Hurd, who served as the UK foreign minister from 1989 to 1995 and Commons backbencher David Davis, a former shadow home secretary who was runner-up in the 2005 contest to lead the Conservative Party.
Philip Hammond, the UK defense secretary, blamed the government’s defeat on Iraq, which he claimed had ‘poisoned the well’ of public opinion, despite Cameron’s repeated assurances that the Syrian conflict is not the same as the war in Iraq. Polls show the British public are incredibly wary of yet another intervention in the Middle East. Justin Welby, the Archbishop of Canterbury, also came out against intervention in the House of Lords debate, and in the Vatican, Pope Francis also cautioned against Western intervention.
Aside from slowing down the U.S. rush to a military response, the consequences of the vote in the House of Commons will almost certainly embolden Congressional Republicans, including U.S. senators Ted Cruz of Texas and Rand Paul of Kentucky, to call for the U.S. legislative branch to have an equal say on U.S. intervention in Syria.
assadCameronchemical warfarecoalitionconservativedamascusEd Milibandhouse of commonslabourliberal democratrepublicansyriatory
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Writing about Absolut for my book and everyone at @Pernod_Ricard so far refusing to talk to me. Hard to defend them… https://t.co/7EVKJn024n about 9 hours ago from Twitter Web Client
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OLIVER, JOHN B thru OLIVER, JOHN C
OLIVER, JOHN B. was born 19 April 1908, received Social Security number 704-03-7518 (indicating Railroad Board) and, Death Master File says, died 06 January 1996 113877558
Check the source file (free) and then check Archives for JOHN B OLIVER.
OLIVER, JOHN B. was born 21 December 1908, received Social Security number 109-05-4083 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died 28 December 1988 113877559
OLIVER, JOHN B. was born 21 September 1920, received Social Security number 265-03-1146 (indicating Florida) and, Death Master File says, died 05 April 2002 113877560
OLIVER, JOHN B. was born 24 November 1918, received Social Security number 256-14-3372 (indicating Georgia) and, Death Master File says, died 25 June 2009 113877561
OLIVER, JOHN B. was born 26 February 1974, received Social Security number 427-23-0564 (indicating Mississippi) and, Death Master File says, died 22 June 2000 113877562
OLIVER, JOHN B. was born 28 September 1934, received Social Security number 212-26-7625 (indicating Maryland) and, Death Master File says, died 08 April 1990 113877563
OLIVER, JOHN B. was born 30 August 1916, received Social Security number 384-03-7968 (indicating Michigan) and, Death Master File says, died 15 April 1992 113877564
OLIVER, John B. was born ABT 1831 in Virginia; was in the 1850 census in Warren County, Virginia. 113877565
Check the source file (free) and then check Archives for John B. OLIVER.
OLIVER, John B. (father) , and Sally [no surname shown], had a baby boy, Benjamin Phillip OLIVER born 17 Apr 1833 in Lynn, Massachusetts, U.S.A.. 113877566
OLIVER, John B. (father) , and Sally [no surname shown], had a baby boy, John Luther OLIVER born 4 Oct 1829 in Lynn, Massachusetts, U.S.A.. 113877567
OLIVER, John B. (father) , and Sally [no surname shown], had a baby girl, Priscilla Louisiana OLIVER born 13 May 1844 in Lynn, Massachusetts, U.S.A.. 113877568
OLIVER, John B. (father) , and Sally [no surname shown], had a baby girl, Sarah Elizabeth OLIVER born 8 Aug 1836 in Lynn, Massachusetts, U.S.A.. 113877569
OLIVER, John B. (father) , and Sally. Apr.�20 [no surname shown], had a baby girl, Nancy Rand OLIVER born 1840 in Lynn, Massachusetts, U.S.A.. 113877570
OLIVER, John B (father) , and Anna V Clark, had a baby boy, John OLIVER. 113877571
OLIVER, John B was born ABT 1860 in Georgia and he was in the 1900 census in Liberty County, Texas, U.S.A. 113877572
Oliver, John B. died in 1866 according to a Massachusetts vital record for Lynn, Volume 192, Page 181. 113877573
Oliver, John B. died in 1892 according to a Massachusetts vital record for North Adams, Volume 427, Page 80. 113877574
Oliver, John B. died in 1900 according to a Massachusetts vital record for Fall River, Volume 504, Page 195. 113877575
Oliver, John B. died in 1900 according to a Massachusetts vital record for New Bedford, Volume 504, Page 329. 113877576
Oliver, John B. married in 1881 according to a Massachusetts vital record for Worcester, Volume 327, Page 365. 113877577
Oliver, John B., died 6 March 1927, and was buried in Section I, Row 12, Site 4 in Mountain Home National Cemetery in Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America. 113877578
Oliver, John Bacon was born in 1910 according to a Massachusetts vital record for Boston, Volume 593, Page 93. 113877579
Check the source file (free) and then check Archives for John Bacon Oliver.
OLIVER, JOHN BENJAMIN was born 28 May 1916 (child of CONZEMIUS (mother)) died 08 Nov 1985 in DAKOTA COUNTY, MINNESOTA, U.S.A. 113877580
Check the source file (free) and then check Archives for JOHN BENJAMIN OLIVER.
Oliver, John B. Jr. married in 1905 according to a Massachusetts vital record for New Bedford, Volume 554, Page 269. 113877581
Check the source file (free) and then check Archives for John B. Jr. Oliver.
OLIVER, John Bunyan married in 1897 in Wirt, West Virginia, United States a bride named Mary Libbie Ewing. 113877582
Check the source file (free) and then check Archives for John Bunyan OLIVER.
OLIVER, John Butler was born ABT 1886 in Co Donegal, (son of Alicia Oliver) was in the 1911 census for Beechside Terrace, Lisburn, County Antrim, Ireland 113877583
Check the source file (free) and then check Archives for John Butler OLIVER.
OLIVER, JOHN C who was 30, (born 1979 or 1980) married 11 September 2010 in DALLAS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. a bride named MARY E RICE who was 29 (born 1980 or 1981). 113877584
Check the source file (free) and then check Archives for JOHN C OLIVER.
OLIVER, JOHN C married a bride named SALOME MOORE in the year 1966 on license number 8756 issued in Bronx, New York City, New York, U.S.A. 113877585
OLIVER, JOHN C. married JENNIFER L. CARPENTER on 17 July 2008 using a marriage license issued in Tippecanoe County, Indiana, United States of America. 113877586
Check the source file (free) and then check Archives for JOHN C. OLIVER.
OLIVER, JOHN C. married TABITHA A. ABSHIRE on 21 January 2010 using a marriage license issued in Henry County, Indiana, United States of America. 113877587
OLIVER, JOHN C married 15 Dec 1849 in ROCK ISLAND COUNTY, ILLINOIS, U.S.A. a bride named L D M THOMAS. 113877588
OLIVER, JOHN C married 16 Feb 1860 in BOND COUNTY, ILLINOIS, U.S.A. a bride named JANE CORNELIUS. 113877589
OLIVER, JOHN C married 17 Dec 1855 in BOND COUNTY, ILLINOIS, U.S.A. a bride named ALMEDA DENNY. 113877590
OLIVER, JOHN C married 18 Sep 1850 in KNOX COUNTY, ILLINOIS, U.S.A. a bride named OLIVE HARLEY. 113877591
OLIVER, JOHN C married 19 May 1890 in COOK COUNTY, ILLINOIS, U.S.A. a bride named HANNAH F BENNET. 113877592
OLIVER, JOHN C married 4 Sep 1866 in FAYETTE COUNTY, ILLINOIS, U.S.A. a bride named WHATLEY (BARBARA) BASHABY. 113877593
OLIVER, JOHN C married 6 Oct 1861 in FAYETTE COUNTY, ILLINOIS, U.S.A. a bride named NANCY J SHELTON. 113877594
OLIVER, JOHN C who was 20 (born ABT 1949) married 11 AUG 1969 in ANGELINA COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. a bride named SARAH J JOHNSON who was 17 (born ABT 1952). 113877595
OLIVER, JOHN C who was 23 (born ABT 1977) married 4 MAR 2000 in SMITH COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. a bride named KASEY J STEPHENS who was 21 (born ABT 1979). 113877596
OLIVER, JOHN C who was 24 (born ABT 1955) married 21 JUL 1979 in HARRIS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. a bride named JEAN M BLAIS who was 26 (born ABT 1953). 113877597
OLIVER, JOHN C who was 25 (born ABT 1971) married 23 AUG 1996 in TARRANT COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. a bride named LETICIA M SANDOVAL who was 24 (born ABT 1972). 113877598
OLIVER, JOHN C who was 26 (born ABT 1973) married 14 AUG 1999 in DALLAS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. a bride named JENNIFER L WALLACE who was 19 (born ABT 1980). 113877599
OLIVER, JOHN C who was 27 (born ABT 1952) married 22 JUL 1979 in CHAMBERS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. a bride named DEBORAH A LINDSEY who was 26 (born ABT 1953). 113877600
OLIVER, JOHN C who was 35 (born ABT 1938) married 15 JUL 1973 in TRAVIS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. a bride named VIRGINIA A NEWTON who was 39 (born ABT 1934). 113877601
OLIVER, JOHN C who was 35 (born ABT 1948) married 2 SEP 1983 in ANGELINA COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. a bride named BARBARA J HARRISON who was 36 (born ABT 1947). 113877602
OLIVER, JOHN C who was 36 (born ABT 1939) married 3 OCT 1975 in DALLAS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. a bride named KATHY A WITHROW who was 22 (born ABT 1953). 113877603
OLIVER, JOHN C who was 40 (born ABT 1939) married 21 APR 1979 in LAMAR COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. a bride named LINDA M MAPLES who was 38 (born ABT 1941). 113877604
OLIVER, JOHN C who was 57 (born ABT 1923) married 29 MAY 1980 in BEXAR COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. a bride named SHIRLEY J GATES who was 24 (born ABT 1956). 113877605
OLIVER, JOHN C, born ABT 1924, and his bride NORA L, born ABT 1926, married 27 SEP 1942, and they had two children under 18 when they got divorced in BEXAR COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. on 19 MAR 1979. 113877606
OLIVER, JOHN C, born ABT 1927, and his bride AVA, born ABT 1926, married 22 MAY 1948, and they had no children under 18 when they got divorced in BEXAR COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. on 3 SEP 1992. 113877607
OLIVER, JOHN C, born ABT 1939, and his bride CAROLYN S, born ABT 1948, married 3 MAR 1967, and they had one child under 18 when they got divorced in DALLAS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. on 17 SEP 1974. 113877608
OLIVER, JOHN C, born ABT 1939, and his bride KATHY A, born ABT 1952, married 2 OCT 1975, and they had no children under 18 when they got divorced in KAUFMAN COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. on 13 OCT 1977. 113877609
OLIVER, JOHN C, born ABT 1939, and his bride LENDA M, born ABT 1942, married 21 APR 1979, and they had no children under 18 when they got divorced in LAMAR COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. on 27 FEB 1980. 113877610
OLIVER, JOHN C, born ABT 1943, and his bride MARY E, born ABT 1943, married 14 MAY 1966, and they had four children under 18 when they got divorced in TRAVIS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. on 27 OCT 1981. 113877611
OLIVER, JOHN C, born ABT 1949, and his bride SARAH J, born ABT 1952, married 11 AUG 1969, and they had three children under 18 when they got divorced in ANGELINA COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. on 22 JUN 1982. 113877612
OLIVER, JOHN C, born ABT 1952, and his bride DEBORAH A, born ABT 1953, married 22 JUL 1979, and they had no children under 18 when they got divorced in HARRIS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. on 28 JUL 1981. 113877613
OLIVER, JOHN C, born ABT 1952, and his bride KAREN B, born ABT 1954, married 11 DEC 1972, and they had no children under 18 when they got divorced in HARRIS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. on 31 OCT 1978. 113877614
OLIVER, JOHN C, born ABT 1976, and his bride JENNIFER R, born ABT 1976, married 25 JUL 1996, and they had one child under 18 when they got divorced in BELL COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. on 16 JUL 1999. 113877615
OLIVER, JOHN C. was born 01 March 1944, received Social Security number 160-32-6762 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died 15 February 1992 113877616
OLIVER, JOHN C. was born 02 April 1925, received Social Security number 488-26-6939 (indicating Missouri) and, Death Master File says, died 17 December 2009 113877617
OLIVER, JOHN C. was born 04 December 1921, received Social Security number 282-14-5629 (indicating Ohio) and, Death Master File says, died 10 February 2009 113877618
OLIVER, JOHN C. was born 04 January 1936, received Social Security number 546-52-0427 (indicating California) and, Death Master File says, died 27 January 1993 113877619
OLIVER, JOHN C. was born 04 July 1915, received Social Security number 019-01-4770 (indicating Massachusetts) and, Death Master File says, died 07 April 1976 113877620
OLIVER, JOHN C. was born 04 March 1952, received Social Security number 004-48-7282 (indicating Maine) and, Death Master File says, died 15 May 1971 113877621
OLIVER, JOHN C. was born 04 May 1917, received Social Security number 568-14-9637 (indicating California) and, Death Master File says, died 26 October 1989 113877622
OLIVER, JOHN C. was born 04 October 1924, received Social Security number 509-26-4028 (indicating Kansas) and, Death Master File says, died 15 July 1996 113877623
OLIVER, JOHN C. was born 06 June 1904, received Social Security number 227-05-3324 (indicating Virginia) and, Death Master File says, died 25 July 1989 113877624
OLIVER, JOHN C. was born 08 April 1910, received Social Security number 577-05-5684 (indicating District of Columbia) and, Death Master File says, died 11 July 1971 113877625
OLIVER, JOHN C. was born 09 May 1916, received Social Security number 272-10-1363 (indicating Ohio) and, Death Master File says, died 12 August 1992 113877626
OLIVER, JOHN C. was born 11 August 1927, received Social Security number 554-34-5869 (indicating California) and, Death Master File says, died 07 December 2010 113877627
OLIVER, JOHN C. was born 11 February 1916, received Social Security number 422-52-6304 (indicating Alabama) and, Death Master File says, died 22 March 2001 113877628
OLIVER, JOHN C. was born 14 April 1915, received Social Security number 498-10-2833 (indicating Missouri) and, Death Master File says, died 06 August 2004 113877629
OLIVER, JOHN C. was born 15 April 1957, received Social Security number 369-62-0951 (indicating Michigan) and, Death Master File says, died 01 January 2010 113877630
OLIVER, JOHN C. was born 17 August 1923, received Social Security number 422-16-8786 (indicating Alabama) and, Death Master File says, died 28 May 2008 113877631
OLIVER, JOHN C. was born 18 August 1909, received Social Security number 252-44-6484 (indicating Georgia) and, Death Master File says, died 22 December 1987 113877632
OLIVER, JOHN C. was born 18 January 1916, received Social Security number 553-07-8264 (indicating California) and, Death Master File says, died 27 June 2003 113877633
OLIVER, JOHN C. was born 18 July 1927, received Social Security number 449-36-3535 (indicating Texas) and, Death Master File says, died 24 December 1998 113877634
OLIVER, JOHN C. was born 19 February 1908, received Social Security number 353-42-9130 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died 07 January 1998 113877635
OLIVER, JOHN C. was born 19 February 1926, received Social Security number 273-20-8472 (indicating Ohio) and, Death Master File says, died 19 March 1999 113877636
OLIVER, JOHN C. was born 19 October 1917, received Social Security number 578-16-7001 (indicating District of Columbia) and, Death Master File says, died 03 March 1999 113877637
OLIVER, JOHN C. was born 20 October 1948, received Social Security number 572-72-9374 (indicating California) and, Death Master File says, died 24 May 2012 113877638
OLIVER, JOHN C. was born 21 July 1933, received Social Security number 260-48-0795 (indicating Georgia) and, Death Master File says, died 05 February 2001 113877639
OLIVER, JOHN C. was born 26 June 1911, received Social Security number 414-26-9700 (indicating Tennessee) and, Death Master File says, died 07 March 1989 113877640
OLIVER, JOHN C. was born 26 October 1917, received Social Security number 489-14-5956 (indicating Missouri) and, Death Master File says, died 22 June 1988 113877641
OLIVER, JOHN C. was born 29 March 1909, received Social Security number 518-07-1805 (indicating Idaho) and, Death Master File says, died 13 December 2000 113877642
OLIVER, JOHN C. was born 30 May 1911, received Social Security number 441-05-9450 (indicating Oklahoma) and, Death Master File says, died 13 April 1988 113877643
OLIVER, JOHN C. was born 30 September 1924, received Social Security number 496-30-6004 (indicating Missouri) and, Death Master File says, died 12 July 2010 113877644
OLIVER, John C. married 6 Mar 1862 in Wheeling, Ohio, West Virginia, U.S.A. a bride named Diedamia Oliver. 113877645
OLIVER, John C. (father) , and Catharine [no surname shown], had a baby boy, Wm F. OLIVER born ABT 1858 in U.S.. 113877646
OLIVER, John C. was born ABT 1845 in Kentucky and he was in the 1920 census in Russell County, Kentucky, U.S.A. 113877647
OLIVER, John C married 14 Apr 1963 in Harrison, West Virginia, U.S.A. a bride named Alberta Lee. 113877648
OLIVER, John C married in 1870 in Mason, West Virginia, United States a bride named Barbara A Cheesebro. 113877649
OLIVER, John C married in 1936 in Brooke a bride named Marjorie B Dougherty. 113877650
OLIVER, John C was born ABT 1836 in Georgia; was in the 1870 census in Neshoba County, Mississippi. 113877651
OLIVER, John C (father) , and Catherine Martin, had a baby boy, Chas M OLIVER. 113877652
OLIVER, John C was born ABT 1836 in County Derry and he was in the 1911 census for Terrydremont North, Fruithill, County Londonderry, Ireland 113877653
Oliver, John C. married in 1908 according to a Massachusetts vital record for Boston, Volume 581, Page 82. 113877654
Oliver, John C. and was buried in grave number 48-97 in Mooresville (W) Cemetery in Limestone County, Alabama, U.S.A., and was relocated in 0 to Not Moved Cemetery by order of the Tennessee Valley Authority, for the Wheeler Reservoir Project. 113877655
Oliver, John C., Rank: AS, Branch: US NAVY, War: WORLD WAR I, was born 1 March 1898, died 8 August 1964, and was buried in Section Z, Site 1141 in Golden Gate National Cemetery in San Bruno, California, United States of America. 113877656
Oliver, John C., Rank: CPL, Branch: US ARMY, War: WORLD WAR II, was born 13 July 1924, died 26 October 2008, and was buried in Section 11, Site 1238 in Ohio Western Reserve National Cemetery in Seville, Ohio, United States of America. 113877657
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Slim by Design: Serving Healthy Foods First in Buffet Lines Improves Overall Meal Selection
http://fulltextreports.com/2014/08/20/slim-by-design-serving-healthy-foods-first-in-buffet-lines-improves-overall-meal-selection/
food and agriculture hospitality and tourism nuitrition/obesity plos one psychology and sociology
The Rules of Implicit Evaluation by Race, Religion, and Age
http://fulltextreports.com/2014/08/20/the-rules-of-implicit-evaluation-by-race-religion-and-age/
age and aging ethnic psychological science psychology and sociology race religion and spirituality
NICB’s Hot Wheels: America’s 10 Most Stolen Vehicles
http://fulltextreports.com/2014/08/20/nicbs-hot-wheels-americas-10-most-stolen-vehicles/
crime lists and rankings motor vehicles national insurance crime bureau
Parental child abduction within the EU
http://fulltextreports.com/2014/08/20/parental-child-abduction-within-the-eu/
children and families europe european parliamentary research service legal and law enforcement marriage and divorce
UK — Ofcom publishes research on mobile phone call service quality
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consumer issues ofcom telecommunications united kingdom
Parents Projected to Spend $245,340 to Raise a Child Born in 2013, According to USDA Report
http://fulltextreports.com/2014/08/20/parents-projected-to-spend-245340-to-raise-a-child-born-in-2013-according-to-usda-report/
business and economics children and families consumer issues u.s. department of agriculture
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Oscar Isaac Talks Playing Poe Dameron In “Star Wars: The Force Awakens”
Shaina411
Film, Hip Hop Entertainment | Hip Hop TV, Film and Video Games
In Star Wars: The Force Awakens (out Friday, December 18) Oscar Isaac plays Poe Dameron, a pilot in the Resistance.
The Juilliard alum’s profile has been steadily rising since he was cast as Joseph in Catherine Hardwicke’s The Nativity Story in 2006. He then had supporting roles in Ridley Scott’s Body of Lies and Alejandro Amenábar’s Agora. In 2011, his career began to heat up with solid work in Sucker Punch, Drive alongside Ryan Gosling, Madonna’s directorial debut W.E. and the Channing Tatum produced 10 Years.
In 2012, he starred alongside Viola Davis and Maggie Gyllenhaal in Won’t Back Down. The following year, he gave an impressive performance in the Coen Brothers film Inside Llewyn Davis. Not only did he show his acting chops, but the world saw his music talents (fun fact: the actor, who is of Cuban and Guatemalan ancestry, played lead guitar and sang vocals in a band called Blinking Underdogs when he was growing up in Miami).
In 2014, he worked with his college best friend Jessica Chastain in J.C. Chandor’s A Most Violent Year and earlier this year he starred in Ex Machina, one of the best reviewed films of the year. Being a part of Star Wars takes Isaac’s career to new heights.
We had the opportunity to exclusively interview Isaac about working on The Force Awakens.
In the trailer we see you flying an X-wing, every kids dream. Can you talk about the experience?
“I got to set and they actually had a blueprint waiting for me of the cockpit. They even had an ignition sequence mapped out, showing which button did what and also which button was already assigned from other films, which button in other films had done what for the X-wing, and also which buttons I was free to imagine different things for. So it was very specific. Then they had built this full sized X-wing that would open up when you ran up to it and light up and the engines come to life. Then they had another piece which was the cockpit itself attached to a gimbal that would move at incredibly steep angles. They would attach a camera to the cockpit and then just film me inside and J.J. [Abrams] would yell out different things that I could say or react to and it definitely sometimes felt like I was kind of in a plane. I got a little nauseous every once in awhile from all the movement.”
What kind of plane do you like flying more: the X-wing or the TIE Fighter?
“I think X-wing. He knows the X-wing like the back of his hand. The TIE fighter has a whole different set of movements and is a little faster and lighter, but the X-wing is his vehicle of choice. Although I think for him he’s kind of nonplussed about the actual vehicle. He’s kind of like those racers. There’s certain racers that are tech heads and love the machine, and there’s other ones that have a little bit of a disdain for the machine because for them it doesn’t matter what it is, they can drive anything and I think he’s a little bit more in that camp.”
From the little that’s known from the trailers and what’s happening in the future, it does appear that you, John Boyega and Daisy Ridley will be the future trio for this generation’s Star Wars. Can you talk about what it’s like playing a character that’ll be etched in the Star Wars lore for years to come?
“Yeah, that’s the kind of thing that there’s so little control over for me. It’s just about trying to do a good job in the movie, make an interesting character. What happens outside that is kind of hard to even comprehend, but yes it’s an incredible feeling to not only participate, but to actually add something to this incredible cultural phenomenon.”
Was it comforting to know there were familiar faces on set with Adam Driver and Domhnall Gleeson, who you co-starred with in other films?
“Very much so. We just got to talk to each other about how wild it was and yeah, it was very comforting.”
Speak about seeing Adam Driver play villain Kylo Ren?
“I think he’s done some really, really amazing work in it. I think people are going to be very surprised and impressed with the character he’s created with J.J. Abrams. It’s both reminiscent of the things we’ve grown up with, the stories we’ve grown up with, and also a wholly new and different take on someone who is obsessed with the dark side.”
In your opinion, who do you think is cooler: your character in Star Wars or your character Apocalypse from X-Men: Apocalypse?
“Well, Apocalypse is blue so technically that’s a cooler color, so yeah. I think if you ask the X-Men I don’t think they think Apocalypse is very cool at all. So I don’t know. I love both of my babies!”
How was it working with members of the original cast? Specifically Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford and Carrie Fisher.
“It was fantastic. I think they were really great at reminding us all not to take it too seriously, to have fun with it, to not be too concerned with everything outside of just doing a good job. They’re very funny and warm people.”
I’m from The Source Magazine, the Bible of Hip-Hop culture. Are you a Hip-Hop fan? Who are some of your favorites to listen to?
“I am. I really, really like what Kendrick Lamar’s doing. I’ve been listening to a lot of that and I think the last D’Angelo album was insane and really good. I actually saw him play in New York live. I mean it’s just amazing what he’s doing with the instrumentation, it’s so funky and also has a jazz influence, which is also what Kendrick’s doing too. The reason I like Kendrick so much is because of his collaboration with Flying Lotus. Flying Lotus I would say is top for me, top three of my favorite musicians.”
What character from the previous films is yours most like, if you could make a comparison?
“He’s his own guy. I think he’s different from all of them. It’s a different thing. I don’t think you can compare him to any of the other characters.”
Did anything surprise you about working on this film?
“I guess JJ’s enthusiasm and his energy and his excitement was surprising. On set he just had so much energy and he was constantly keeping things fresh and exciting and connecting to the magic and the wonder of what we were doing. There wasn’t any ounce of cynicism on what we were doing. That also surprised me from the original cast. They were there with just as much of an open heart as anyone else was.”
What’s your favorite Star Wars moment of all time?
“The first film I ever saw in the movie theater was Return of the Jedi and it really stuck with me in the moment when Darth Vadar’s helmet comes off and you see underneath that imposing scary mask was just a vulnerable sad guy. That really made an impression on me because I think one of the big themes of these movies is family, and how you find your place in your family, and that moment when parents—when you realize they’re not these gods, they’re actually just frail humans. That stuck with me.”
What would you like to share with the fans about this project in closing?
“I think it’s really unlike anything else. Specifically this film, this chapter it’s unlike anything out there, and anything else I’ve seen. There’s an innocence to it and a wonder that’s rare in a lot of modern movie-making.”
Thanks so much for the interview, Oscar.
“Thank you! May The Source be with you.”
Up next you can see Oscar Isaac in Mojave and X-Men: Apocalypse.
[INTERVIEW] LUPITA NYONG’O TALKS PLAYING MAZ KANATA IN “STAR WARS: THE FORCE AWAKENS”
ApocalypseOscar Isaacstar warsthe force awakens
Shaina lives, breathes and sleeps entertainment.
Jharrel Jerome Gets Emmy Nomination for Lead Role in ‘When They See Us’
Louis Vuitton Created a Super Fun 16-Bit Video Game Inspired by Virgil Abloh’s FW19 Show
SOURCE SPORTS: Madden NFL 20 Ratings Released, Only Four Players Made 99 Ratings Club
Jason Cordner
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HBO’s Zendaya-Led Teen Drama ‘Euphoria’ Has Already Been Renewed For a Second Season
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HomeArtsJump on the Bandwagon and Imagine Dragons
Jump on the Bandwagon and Imagine Dragons
September 19, 2012 Kate Koenig Arts, Current Issues, Issue 3 - Sept. 19, Music, Vol. 91, Fall 2012 0
Richie Feathers, Staff Writer
You’ve probably already heard the lead single off of Imagine Releasing a series of EPs before their first full-length, the Dragons’ debut album, whether it be from the trailer for “The band finally received more attention from the most recent
Perks of Being a Wallflower” or on the TV show “Glee.” But one, “Continued Silence,” the majority of which shows up one listen to “It’s Time” is all it takes to be even remotely on “Night Visions.” Similar to fellow Vegas band The Killers, interested in what else the Las Vegas natives have to offer. Imagine Dragons makes arena-ready rock music that still
is shinier than it should be. What makes “Night Visions” stand out, though, is that it offers many different sides of the four-piece.
The opening track “Radioactive” begins with a simple acoustic guitar layer before breaking into a heavy, hip- hop groove that turns it into an epic anthem as lead singer Dan Reynolds exclaims, “Welcome to the new age!” Immediately following is the equally dark “Tiptoe” that could find its way on any alternative/rock playlist. Next, “It’s Time” comes in with its strong, driving beat and catchy mandolin melody that becomes the trademark of the uplifting album’s highlight. Other styles include the great, dark-toned “Amsterdam” with verses that recall “Blue October,” the recycled drumbeat of the emotional “Bleeding Out,” and the synth-driven “Underdog” that sounds like a better version of an Owl City song, in a good way. But with the many different sounds that Imagine Dragons are able to make on “Night Visions,” not all are fully developed enough to make a solid impression. Ironically, the songs that are most memorable are the ones that have noticeable similarities. In particular, the hand-clap and whistle harmony of “On Top of the World” is a fun ode to life’s unpredictabilities that practically demands you to sing along. In addition, “Demons” shows a solid vocal range over a similar beat as “Radioactive.” Elsewhere, the hidden track, “Rocks,” after the six-and- a-half-minute closer “Nothing Left to Say,” sounds like a Mumford & Sons B-side where the prominent mandolin replaces the banjo. It may only be two minutes long but it certainly ends the album on a high note.
Perhaps what makes these songs so memorable is how they’re able to capture the band’s personality and passion. The songs offer generally simple lyrics, yet, mixed with Reynold’s vulnerable vocals, they sound genuine and relatable. This is what makes “Night Visions” a naturally rewarding listen, even if there is some unevenness.
But because each track is a successful look into this band’s potential, their debut is a very good set of songs. Undoubtedly, Imagine Dragons has a strong career ahead of them, and the key for the follow up is to expand on the styles that set them apart from other indie-rockers. It’s true, “Night Visions” is a great introduction of what this band is capable of, but an even better glimpse at what’s to come.
Key Tracks: “It’s Time,” “On Top of the World” and “Underdog”
Grade:B+
Previewing The Congress’ Rock and Roll Show
Boston Band Bad Rabbits Bring Back the Beat
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Gretna FC (2008) vs Ormiston (08/08/09)
Ground: Raydale Park
Competition: East of Scotland 1st Division
Gretna FC (2008) 5
Nicholson 3’,10’,33’, Carmichael 12’, Renyard 15’
Ormiston 0
Being up in the North of England on ‘boyfriend duty’ this summer, I was tempted to get a sneaky game in up here. Looking at fixtures, Carlisle were at home to Brentford – didn’t fancy it. Penrith were at home to Morpeth Town – could be interesting. Yet then I found out the new Gretna were at home and at their spiritual home too at Raydale Park. This being a ground I had wanted to see Hearts play at in the SPL, I would have to make do with Edinburgh based (roughly) side Ormiston. They also play in maroon too. It was fate. So made the train journey from Carlisle to Gretna Green, although it was a bus replacement service on. Then took the short, delightful, grim walk through Gretna to Raydale Park.
Gretna is a small town on the Scotland/England border in Dumfries and Galloway which is famous for the “run-away” place to get married. Due to Scottish marriage law being less strict than in England, it was common for young couples to run across the border, get married and then go back home and wait for the inevitable divorce a few years later. (Their fault for getting married so young) Today, as many as 1/6th of Scottish marriages still take place here. Also in Gretna is the shopping complex – Gretna Gateway – a small outlet centre and the football team, Gretna FC (2008). Its hard to mention the club formed last season without mentioning the old club that came before it, Gretna FC. The old club, although Gretna 08’ have no legal connection to the previous club, had been playing in the Northern League until 1992 when it won promotion to the Northern Premier League (or Unibond) where it then decided its future lay in Scottish football. Having previously applied to the SFL in 1993 and 1999, they were finally accepted in 2002 taking the place of Airdrieonians. Then Brookes Mileson started his financial input and the club won successive promotions in 2005, 2006 and 2007. In 2006, they also reached the Scottish Cup Final where they outplayed SPL side Hearts (it was awful to watch), but the Tynecastle side came through on penalties. Their season in the SPL was a disaster, finishing bottom and then Mileson became ill and Gretna’s financial problems caught up with them and were liquidated. Annan Athletic took their place in the SFL. Ironically, Gretna’s last ever game was against us, when a 90th minute Gavin Skelton winner meant they finished on a high with a 1-0 win. The final programme is below.
The new club were set up in the summer and formed themselves as Gretna FC (2008). They dropped down to the East of Scotland League Division 1 and last season played most of their home games away from Gretna at a public park in Annan called The Everholm, however when a property developer bought Raydale Park, Gretna were allowed back to play but the length of time remains unclear. The new team have had a reasonable start to life. Finishing 4th out of 12 in the EOS 1st Div last season, they also won the Alex Jack Cup as their first piece of silverware. Promotion is the aim this season and with a youthful side who have some talent, they look a good bet to go up. Raydale Park is still a great looking ground and credit must go to the groundstaff who got the ground up to standard. Running down one side of the pitch is a covered standing area, however with nobody there except ballboys, that was probably closed off – or for the vast amount of Ormiston fans. Down the other side was a covered seating area and the open kitchen which served a cracking Scotch Pie and Irn Bru. Behind one goal was a covered seating area called the South Stand which looked up to date and extremely tidy. Behind the other goal was what I presume was temp seating that is no longer there. Now a large grass space is behind the goal allowing for players to have a larger space to warm up.
The team they welcomed to Raydale for their season opener was Ormiston FC. Ormiston were a result of a merger between Ormiston Primrose and Pencaitland in 1998/1999 to become Pencaitland and Ormiston FC, however the Pencaitland name was dropped in 2002. Ormiston are normally towards the bottom of the league, and finished 9th last season with 20 points. Hailing from just outside Edinburgh and playing in maroon, they were maybe the team I supported today, but I just sat with the larger section of Gretna fans and kept my mouth shut. Ormiston would need to be defensively tight to keep Gretna at bay. So when the game kicked off and Gretna won a corner within 20 seconds it was clear how up against it Ormiston would be. They only lasted another minute as Gretna played the ball through again, and when the ball was hooked over and through the defence, Tony Nicholson brought the goalie out before easily shooting past him, 1-0. Ormiston then seemed to collapse as Gretna looked to score on every opportunity. They did on 10 minutes when a long free kick wasn’t cleared properly and Nicholson scored from Dan Carmichael’s cross. It was 3-0 minutes later, an awful Ormiston free kick from the goalkeeper was collected by Carmichael who ran at the Ormiston defence before smashing it in. Then when on 15 minutes, Gretna’s David Renyard decided to take a shot from outside the area that flew straight in for goal # 4, this game looked like an absolute raping would be taking place. So much so, that Ormiston then went 5-4-1 and ultra defensive that seemed to pay off as they stopped Gretna scoring straight after. They also had their first chance when a free kick just missed the top of the bar. They didn’t hold out for long however, as on 33 minutes, Carmichael completed his hat-trick as he collected a cross and volleyed over Ormiston goalkeeper P.Cadger and in for 5. Cadger did make a save towards the end of the half to stop Nicholson adding a 4th. At half time it was then 5-0, Ormiston shell shocked after being completely outclassed.
The second half kicked off with it being clear that Gretna were to take the 2nd half a lot easier but still creating chances as Ormiston player Brian McEwan was the hero after clearing 3 shots off the line and goalkeeper Cadger also making a great save (or lucky) to deny Gretna a 6th. Gretna themselves were lucky to keep their clean sheet when peeing about at the back, an Ormiston striker intercepted a loose ball but lacked the final pass to make it a proper goal scoring opportunity. Gretna fans were also becoming frustrated that no goals were being added to the 5 scored in the first half as Ormiston had managed to steady the ship, shame it had already sunk. The final whistle blew with not much happening in the final 10 minutes. Gretna’s first half romp allowing them to charge to the top of the table and continued their good run on Tuesday with a 3-0 win over Gala Fairydean. While Ormiston managed to bag a 2-1 win away at Eyemouth United. (I dread to think how bad Eyemouth must be)
A good day out then in Gretna with some good weather and decent football, especially from Gretna’s front line. I think Gretna should win this division this season while Ormiston will most likely end up around their 9th place from last season. I’m also glad I managed to make Raydale Park while it was still open. A great ground that should be hosting a higher level of football and may get its chance again as this new club go from strength to strength on much solid financial foundations than its former team.
Photos from Gretna FC (2008) vs Ormiston
- Match: 6.5/10 (1st half was great, 2nd not so much)
- Value for money: 7/10 (not complaints at paying £4 for this level)
- Ground: 7/10 (good to finally see Raydale Park)
- Atmosphere: 4/10 (190 people can’t make that much noise)
- Food: 9.5/10 (Scotch Pies and Irn Bru should be served at EVERY game)
- Programme: 5/10 (what was there was good, but 12 pages for £2 is a tad overpriced)
- Referee: James Carberry – 7/10 (seemed to do well, no linesmen either)
Football Snapshots – Tivoli Stadium
Barnstaple Town vs Tavistock (15/08/09)
09/10 Season Predictions
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Green Entrepreneurship in the Mediterranean
What Works for the Region Works for Palestine
July 2, 2019 By: Almotaz Abadi
With a growing population of more than 800 million inhabitants, the Mediterranean region has been identified as one of the main climate-change hotspots in the world. This is due in part to natural conditions that include water scarcity, demographic change (which, in turn, includes a concentration of inhabitants and economic activities in coastal areas), changing consumption patterns that include growing energy needs, and reliance on climate-sensitive agriculture, etc. The region is expected to face even more severe climaterelated vulnerabilities, such as extreme weather events (droughts, floods, etc.), an increase in soil erosion and desert areas, and a rise in sea level, among other things, resulting in a range of negative economic, social, and environmental impacts. These phenomena affect the quality of the air we breathe, access to freshwater resources, land availability for agriculture and livestock, urban infrastructure, and tourism.
Photo courtesy of UNDP/PAPP by Ahed Izhiman.
The Mediterranean region is one of the 25 “hotspots” throughout the world that are impacted by climate change. With a rapidly growing population and more than 180 million people affected by water poverty, joining forces to address this common challenge is of utmost importance. To face this growing concern and the huge challenges it presents, the region needs to work collectively on a strategy in order to build a better future and provide more opportunities for the young generation. Work should include creating business modules based on resilience, especially at the local level where conflicts affect the socio-economic situation. Palestine, in particular, needs this strategy in order to build green entrepreneurships that will help overcome the challenges that are specifically caused by the occupation, which effectively controls the economy.
As an active entity in the Mediterranean region, Palestine offers huge potential for sustainable and environmentally friendly development. Palestine is in position to take advantage of various key actors that actively support the transition to an inclusive, circular, and green economy. Green entrepreneurship can be defined as a way of developing economically viable and socially empowering business solutions to overcome environmental challenges. Lessons and experience from across the Mediterranean region can be learned and exchanged as both the southern and northern regions have already developed their capacity and measures that lead to an inclusive environment that supports green entrepreneurships.
Figure 1: Country Distribution (total respondents: 154). Source: Enabling Access to Finance for Green Entrepreneurs in Southern Mediterranean Countries, Union for the Mediterranean (UfM), 2018.
What is needed in Palestine is the enhancement of competencies for a variety of (public and private) entities in order to have access to international climate financing which, in turn, is instrumental in job creation. The water, energy, and solid-waste-management sectors should take note. The financing will help address challenges both on the mainland and in coastal areas by converting waste to products or following a nexus approach in converting saline water into freshwater in areas affected by salinity such as the Jordan Valley or the Gaza Strip. Another project example is converting traditional farming into high-value-crop farming. Similar projects were successful in Tunisia, Algeria, and Spain, among other locations. Such development projects will help ensure badly needed Palestinian economic resilience.
Much hard work is necessary in order to achieve this goal. For starters, new economic models should be introduced, in addition to a fair social welfare strategy and an environmentally friendly attitude. Green entrepreneurship can help tackle environmental and social issues, especially in the case of Palestine, which faces many problems, the least of which are restrictions on exporting material. A shift toward a green and circular economy would create jobs and contribute to changing the production and consumption patterns of our society.
A green entrepreneur would grasp business opportunities that arise in the context of global and local Palestinian environmental and political challenges. A green entrepreneur would also consider environmental, economic, and social axes in core businesses and would provide innovative solutions – through a workable business model – to the way goods and services are produced and consumed. Palestine should look around to similar green products and services that are emerging in the MENA (Middle East North Africa) region which potentially can be an ocean of opportunities for any entrepreneur attuned to the needs of consumers and capable of anticipating outcomes. It needs to be said that success is not limited to capacity and understanding what is available and how to reach it; it requires a paradigm shift through the introduction of new government policies at every level that include legal and institutional enabling mechanisms. For this to work in Palestine, there must be a regional network set up to exchange best practices and conditions conducive to success.
Figure 2: Green Entrepreneurs in the Mediterranean Region Are Active in a Range of Economic Sectors. Source: Enabling Access to Finance for Green Entrepreneurs in Southern Mediterranean Countries, Union for the Mediterranean (UfM), 2018.
When all is ready, a funding and financing mechanism for green enterprises would commence with an incentive-based approach. Figure 1 shows how to increase the current engagement from 3 percent to 30 percent. Figure 2 shows work across several key economic sectors, including agriculture, industry, and waste-management services as well as solar and water reuse.
A quick look at the figures above shows the opportunities available to Palestine given that it is last on the list of the SEMED countries; in other words, Palestine has access to less than 3 percent of green funds. Morocco, on the other hand, has access to 36 percent. This is essentially an open call for Palestine and other countries to work on the “enablers,” which again are a combination of support at various levels. In addition, institutional and financial tools must be adopted to allow green startups to engage in development, test their innovations in the market, and achieve sustainable business models, as well as establish networks and exchanges. Also helpful to green entrepreneurs is introducing special university-level curricula and programs, as well as setting up green incubators through the support of corporate social and environmental responsibilities.
Another suggestion of how to integrate the green economy into national policy is to engage local banks in the region to make better use of available global funds, including guarantee schemes provided by the European Union and other active financial instruments. With these measures, Palestine would gain access to funding, guarantee schemas, and technical assistance from regional and international initiatives such as the European Fund for Sustainable Development and many other donor institutions. These efforts would systematically support the setting up of a national green venture capital fund to support green startups to work in innovative green market and product chains.
This article solely reflects the opinion of the author and not that of any particular institution.
Mr. Almotaz Abadi is a regional development cooperation adviser who currently works as a managing director at the Union for the Mediterranean in Barcelona, Spain, representing the State of Palestine. He is in charge of regional policy, dialogue, and cooperation on water and sustainable development. Previously, Abadi was the director of the Aid Coordination and Management Unit in the Palestinian government. He has also worked at the Palestinian Water Authority, was policy adviser at GIZ, and program manager with Italian Development Cooperation in Jerusalem, as well as with other donor communities.
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Archives For over the shoulder shots
How to Shoot an Actor in a Double Role
Rachel M Taylor — July 25, 2012
Having an actor play two different roles in the same film or TV show has been seen a lot throughout the history of film. One of my favorites was in Cat Ballou where Lee Marvin played a washed gunfighter and his own nemesis Tim Strawn.They both battle it out in the film, and for years, I didn’t even know it was the same actor.
It’s also been seen in a lot of tv shows, such as Friends, in which Lisa Kudrow plays Phoebe and her twin sister Ursula. Even Peter Jackson did it in his first film Bad Taste, playing two characters in the same scene, one torturing the other.
While it may seem tricky, it’s actually a lot easier than one might expect. It definitely makes production a little slower, but if done properly, it should be fairly simple. We experienced this while filming Avarice, in which the main character plays a darker version of herself. Here’s how we did it:
In Filmmaking avarice, bad taste, cameras, cat ballou, double roles, filming, friends, lee marvin, lisa kudrow, over the shoulder shots, Peter Jackson, Visual Effects, wide shots
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COPYRIGHT 2013-2018 TERRA CONSERVATION FILMS. All right reserved.
Powered by: MotoCMS
WE ARE MEMBERS OF
GIUSEPPE BUCCIARELLI
GRETA SANTAGATA
CONSERVATION IS OUR WORLD
DOCU FILMS
Founder and Director of
Terra Conservation Films
Giuseppe is a film-maker and a biologist with fifteen years of research experience in ecology, molecular biology, population genetics, speciation, foreign species invasion and genome evolution. He has worked for the University of Firenze (Italy), the University of California Santa Cruz (USA), and the Anton Dohrn Zoological Station (Italy).
In 2004 he stepped into film-making and produced the multi-awarded film AHMED AND THE RETURN OF THE ARAB PHOENIX, a compelling story about the re-discovery in the Middle-East of an iconic, yet believed extinct bird, the Syrian Northern Bald Ibis.
In 2009 Giuseppe moved to Kenya and founded his production company, Terra Conservation Films. He collaborates with several conservation organizations and wildlife experts, making films about endangered ecosystems to raise awareness on conservation issues. He is also involved with local communities, helping them to solve human-wildlife conflicts.
In order to perfection his production skills, in 2012 he got his Documentary Campus Master degree (Munich, Germany) in documentary film development after a year-long specialization course.
Giuseppe’s documentaries have been aired on PBS (USA) and the National Geographic Channel. His films have received several awards around the world.
> view Giuseppe's full scientific CV
> view Giuseppe's filmography
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Mitzi Hunter gave Canada Day party that Ford took away
By The Caribbean Camera Inc. on July 4, 2019 Comments Off on Mitzi Hunter gave Canada Day party that Ford took away
By Lincoln DePradine
Former Ontario education minister, Liberal MPP Mitzie Hunter, is happy with the outcome of Monday’s Canada Day picnic at Queen’s Park, dismissing claims that the activity may have violated sponsorship and donation rules relating to political events.
“No, we did not. There was nothing,’’ Hunter told The Caribbean Camera when asked whether any rules were broken in the hosting of the July 1 event marking the 152nd anniversary of Canada’s independence. “I was very satisfied with the outcome. People had an enjoyable day and we kept the grounds of Queen’s Park opened and maintained a longstanding tradition.’’
Canada Day celebrations, held for 52 years on the front lawn at Queen’s Park, were cancelled this year by Premier Doug Ford’s government, which cited dwindling attendance and the cost of the event that was put at more than $400,000.
From Left: Liberty Silver and Mitzie Hunter after Silver sang an amazing rendition of O Canada at the people’s picnic.
The government instead redirected funding to provide free admission at attractions across Ontario.
“Multi-generations of families’’, who have been attending the annual celebrations at Queen’s Park, were left disappointed at this year’s government cancellation, said Hunter, who led an effort by the Liberal caucus in organizing what was called a “people’s picnic’’.
It was important not to “break the tradition’’ of a Canada Day celebration at Queen’s Park in Ontario’s capital, said Hunter, MPP for Scarborough-Guildwood.
“It’s important that we keep traditions like this alive,’’ she said. “It was members of the caucus that pitched in and participated to make sure that we kept Queen’s Park opened for families to enjoy a people’s picnic,’’ explained Hunter. “We had a number of volunteers that signed up to help run the event.’’
According to Hunter, no one should be cancelling Canada Day celebrations at Queen’s Park.
“It’s a day that we should really come together in national pride and unity,’’ she said. “We’re so grateful to this country for all that it has afforded us and it’s an opportunity to really show that national pride and to celebrate.’’
Laryssa Waler, a spokesperson for the premier’s office, said permission was not granted for the Queen’s Park lawn to be used for the “people’s picnic’’. Hunter argues otherwise, saying a permit was obtained for the day-long event that included music, free ice cream, face-painting and other children’s activities.
“I was getting social media requests and other types of requests from people to do something and then sought to have the permit granted and eventually it was and we held a people’s picnic,’’ said Hunter. “From start to the end, there was a crowd of people that was there. We estimate over a thousand people attended the event throughout the day. They had a joyous experience. It was very family-oriented.’’
Hunter, born in Jamaica in 1971 and moved to Canada as a child with her parents; she has been a member of the Ontario Legislature since 2013.
She’s not ruling out joining the race to replace former Ontario Premier Kathleen Wynne as leader of the provincial Liberal Party.
“I’m at the exploration stage,’’ Hunter said, promising she’ll be “updating everyone soon’’.
Mitzi Hunter gave Canada Day party that Ford took away added by The Caribbean Camera Inc. on July 4, 2019
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Brazil Games had a very successful campaign at GDC 2019
by Jonas Ek> in Press releases - 04/30/19 at 4:06 PM
São Paulo, Brazil, April 30, 2019 — Brazil Games, a partnership between the Brazilian Game Companies Association, ABRAGAMES, and Apex-Brasil (Brazilian Trade and Investment Promotion Agency) – attended GDC in San Francisco between March 18 and March 22, with a delegation representing 47 studios and a whopping 50 video games across a variety of platforms and genres.
Their goal was to foster international relationships and further cement Brazil’s role as the leader of Latin American video game and technology developers. The mission was successful in every sense; forming strong business relationships worldwide and receiving critical acclaim for their games and products.
Brazil Games is leading the charge to promote Brazil’s video game ecosystem as the premium video game hub for international companies to do business in Latin America.
According to PwC, while the global video game market will grow at around 7% a year (2017 to 2021), the Brazilian market is expected to grow 16% per year, accumulating a total growth of 80% in the period, reaching US$ 1.4 billion by 2021 (PWC, 2017b).
The Brazilian game market represents more than 60 million gamers (#3 in the world), with 375 game studios and more than 1,700 games produced in 2018, generating more than US$ 1.3 billion annual market revenue, according to McKinsey and Company report.
This growth is bolstered by the contacts and relationships formed in San Francisco. More than 1,000 meetings took place, converting into a projected business deal value of over US$ 14 Million.
This year at GDC, Brazil Games clearly showed how it facilitates deal-making between Brazilian video game companies and their global constituents.
“We took the talent, ingenuity, and spirit of Brazil’s developers with us to San Francisco and the world responded in kind. We are very grateful to both our international partners and the local players that drive the growth we’re seeing in the Brazilian market.
We are proud of our presence at GDC 2019 and are already looking forward to what we will have to show next year”, says Eliana Russi, Brazil Games’ executive manager.
Brazil Games aimed to utilize GDC to showcase the role Brazil is playing on the world stage. Brazil is not only poised to share the positive outlook of its rising market, but also hosts a plethora of talented developers ready to provide the world with new perspectives and partnerships.
Brazil Games seeks to continue this initiative from June 26 to June 30 at Brazil’s Independent Games (BIG) Festival seventh edition in São Paulo, the largest indie gaming expo in Latin America.
The success they saw in San Francisco will carry into this event and has already driven a surge in global business relationships. BIG Festival will also feature an awards section to honor video game developers both locally and worldwide for their contributions to the evolution of the scene.
Speaking of awards, Brazil Games departed GDC with a slew of nominations and awards under its belt. Relic Hunters Legend (Rogue Snail) and DeMagnete VR (BitCake Studio), won awards as GDC’s Best in Play Finalists. A third game, Areia (GILP Studio), earned a spot in Best in Play’s Honorable Mention category.
Trial of Titans (Oktagon Games) and Talaka (Flux Games) both represented Brazil in the GDC Pitch competition, with Talaka winning the grand prize. A consolation for Oktagon Games is that two projects it co-developed, Mila Moment and Covens, both landed on CNET’s list of The 10 coolest mobile games we saw at GDC 2019.
Brazil Games
Brazil Games is the export program created by the Brazilian Independent Game Companies Association, ABRAGAMES, in partnership with Apex-Brasil, the Brazilian Trade and Investment Promotion Agency.
Our goal is to promote the Brazilian Indie Game industry internationally, developing new business opportunities for our companies.
The Brazil Games Program also promotes Brazil as the hub for business in Latin America and invites buyers, investors and publishers for BIG Festival, Brazil’s Independent Games Festival, the most important international indie games festival and the hub for international business in Latin America.
http://www.brazilgames.org/
About Apex-Brasil
The Brazilian Trade and Investment Promotion Agency (Apex-Brasil) works to promote Brazilian products and services abroad, and to attract foreign investment to strategic sectors of the Brazilian economy. Apex-Brasil organizes several initiatives aiming to promote Brazilian exports abroad.
The Agency’s efforts comprise trade and prospective missions, business rounds, support for the participation of Brazilian companies in major international trade fairs, arrangement of technical visits of foreign buyers and opinion makers to learn about the Brazilian productive structure, and other select activities designed to strengthen the country’s branding abroad.
Apex-Brasil also plays a leading role in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) to Brazil, by working to identify business opportunities, promoting strategic events and lending support to foreign investors willing to allocate resources in Brazil
http://www.apexbrasil.com.br/en/home
Jonas “O.J” Ek
More by Jonas Ek:
The hybrid text-based RPG “Nocked! True Tales of Robin Hood” is now available via Steam
Yūzō Koshiro and Motohiro Kawashima are to contribute new music to “Streets of Rage 4”
“Project Downfall” has just kicked-off its huge update that adds new levels and much more
Psyonix has just announced “Radical Summer” television content for “Rocket League”
Tags: Abragames, Apex-Brasil, Brazil, Brazil Games, GDC, GDC 2019, Indie games
Psyonix has just announced "Radical Summer" television content for "Rocket League"
Press release: SAN DIEGO – July 16, 2019 – Psyonix, San Diego video game developer, has revealed ful[...]
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Jamie Koppersmith
Fairfax, VA Real Estate
Fairfax, Virginia is located at the geographic center of Fairfax County, Virginia, the most populous county in both Virginia and the Washington Metropolitan Area. Though there is also a politically independent City of Fairfax within Fairfax County, the region known as Fairfax extends far beyond the actual city limits, mostly westward towards Centreville and Chantilly, and shares much of its rich history and role as a governmental hub for the county.
The region of Fairfax outside of Fairfax City is largely a suburban setting, though there is a considerable deal of retail, office space, and new mixed-use development. The Fairfax County Government Center, an expansive compound housing the official county offices and Board of Supervisors, is located in the center of Fairfax, and is also the grounds of the annual Fairfax Fair, a countywide celebration featuring a carnival and wide array of live entertainment. A wide selection of retail exists within Fairfax as well: Fair Oaks Mall is one of the largest malls in the region; Fair Lakes Shopping Center offers an abundance of grocery and retail options; and Fairfax Corner, the area’s most recent addition, is a mixed use development offering shopping, dining, theaters, and apartments.
In addition to a variety of suburban amenities, Fairfax is located adjacent to the City of Fairfax’s Old Town district, offering many historic landmarks and cultural festivals to suit all kinds of interests throughout the year.
There are several major commuter arteries, including Lee Highway, Route 50, I-66, and the Fairfax County Parkway. The easternmost part of the area is about four miles west of the Vienna Metro.
Washington-Dulles International Airport: < 10 miles.
Baltimore-Washington International Airport: < 40 miles.
View all Fairfax Listings
SEARCH FOR LISTINGS IN FAIRFAX
12140 GARDEN GROVE CIRCLE #102
12705 FAIR CREST COURT 59-303
11717 WASHINGTON STREET
4109 PLAZA LANE
12438 CASBEER DRIVE
12735 FAIR CREST COURT #45
4205 TRUMBO COURT
866-762-8975Phone Number | 4315 50th Street, NW, Washington DC 20016
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Top 10 Reasons why People Commit Suicide
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Top 10 Fast Facts about Islam Worth Knowing
6. Islamic Way of Life is According to the Scientific Way
Islam gives you a complete description of how you’re to spend your day, but all the actions that we do provide advantages to our health. For example, according to a research you blood pressure varies during the day so the doctors suggested that at least one time a day you should bend your body in such a way that the blood in your body rushes towards the head. The place is same as Sajdah the Muslims do five times a day during their prayers. Islam has also explained a proper time for sleeping, which is most beneficial time according to the studies done by scientist, the fast which the Muslims keep during Ramadan is a kind of dieting, and the positions in Namaz are similar to yoga. This is a never-ending list.
Contemporary Muslim and non-Muslim scholars have recognized that scientific knowledge is not necessarily neutral and objective, but instead carries values and concepts that are explicit to modern Western culture. Therefore this has resulted in a concerted effort by contemporary Islamic scholars to call for an ‘Islamic science’ or the ‘Islamization of knowledge’. Islamic scholars have also been calling for an investigation to reflect back to the so-called ‘Golden Age of Islam’ when there seemed to have been development in science; and an acceptance of harmony between religion and science. This article examines how the tenets of Islam, and the Islamic view of nature facilitated the development of science in the so-called ‘Golden Age of Islam’; how the Western view of nature conflicts with the Islamic view. And how common or universal values can help build bridges between modern science and Islamic science.
HarunYahya explains in an article published in Huffington Post how Islam confounds with science; unlike the Western view that claims the opposite. Science is a means that gives us access to the universe we live in and a factor that improves our life quality and increases life expectancy.
Science is an important reality that enables us to know the universe we inhabit, the Earth and our own bodies and to be able to appreciate all the beauties around us. Scientific advances have enlightened human life and opened the door to a healthier way of living. For example, by means of medical advances the average human life span today is much greater than it was a century ago. Even in the 1950s, average worldwide life expectancy was 47, whereas according to U.N. figures it had risen to 68 by 2010. Similarly, advances in other branches of science have made our lives easier and more comfortable.
For a sincere Muslim, science is a blessing that God has bestowed on humanity. Islam advocates a rational approach. In many verses of the Quran, God advises people to use their intelligence. He emphasizes the need for us to think rationally and scientifically, speaking of, “…those deeply rooted in knowledge…” and “…only people of intelligence pay heed.” (3:7). Another verse advises people to think about the formation of the universe: “…reflect on the creation of the heavens and the earth…” (3:191)
7. The Prophet Predicted Various Sects of Islam
Today many people complain that the Muslims are divided into so many different sects but they do not know that the prophet himself during his lifetime said that in the coming days the Muslims will divide themselves into 73 sects. People think that the sects are different from each other but the point is that the rituals which are being followed by the sects are the ones prophet himself followed during his life, none of the rituals are created by the people themselves, different people have selected some sunnah of the prophet and adapted them. The point is that it doesn’t matter if you pray with your hands folded on chest, or if your hands are folded on your abdominal or if your hands are lying straight, because prophet himself followed all three ways. There are mosques built by Shia and Sunnis but the thing is that every mosque is being built for Allah. People have different ways of praying but they all lie down in sajdah in front of the same creator.
8. Islam Orders to Attain All Scientific Teachings
Many people have this opinion that Islam only asks it followers to receive the teachings of holy Quran, this is absolutely untrue. The holy prophet and the holy Quran asks all its followers to study all the fields related to science, mathematics, astronomy, physics, sociology, etc. the teaching of Islam is not restricted to a certain criteria but it has theories related to history, science and sociology.
9. Islam Does Not Ask Women to Wear the BURQA
Islam doesn’t ask the women to wear a burqa. the holy Quran says that the women are supposed to cover all their body parts properly, the dress should be loose, not very fitted so that the curves of a woman are not focused. Quran asks the women to cover their heads and cover their faces so that they may not have to endure the dirty stares of the men. There is no such thing as Burqa in the holy Quran or the teaching of holy prophets; the women however do wear Burqa because it is convenient. You can wear any kind of dress but it should not be cleavage, should cover all the body parts and your curves should not the focused, there is no point of wearing a so called Burqa if it is fitted, and if you do want to wear a Burqa it should be loose. You can choose any color you like for it, there is no law in Islam saying that the Burqa should be black, women wear black burqa because it doesn’t get dirty very often.
10. Einstein Theory of Relativity is Widely Used in Islam
The theory of relativity says that the mass, time and length remains same in constant frame of reference but they can fluctuate if the object moves with the speed of light. Einstein said that time; mass and length are not constant. Now the amazing thing is that this theory was already present in Quran and Quran was sent before Einstein was born. In surah kahf is the theory present related to time dilation, the surah gives a detailed description which relates a true event, another proof is of the event when the holy prophet went up in the sky to visit the heaven and hell during his life time and then came back to earth, he made a journey of 23 years in friction of seconds. That night is a very special night in the religion Islam. This night is another marvelous example of time dilation.
The Arabs measure time by the lunar year. Hence if we apply this principle to the rotation of the moon in one thousand years, we find that according to scientific calculations, its speed in 299792.5 kilometer per second. This result is in complete conformity with the speed of light according to Einstein’s theory of relativity.
Dr. M. Hassab El Naby adds that according to Einstein “the speed of light is an absolute constant,” while time and place are just relative. This fact is mentioned in the Qur’an and is a confirmation of the theory of relativity.
To Him the angels and the spirit mount up in a day whereof the measure is fifty thousand years. (Qur’an 70: 4)
In this verse God mentions another speed which is fifty times the speed of light, namely the speed of “angels and the spirit”. Miraculously, this verse is void of the words “of your counting”, which is a clear indication that we will never reach this speed because it is beyond our modest means.
What is interesting is that, according to the Quaran, God states that the speed of angels varies:
Praise belongs to God, originator of heavens, and earth who appointed the angels to be messengers having wings two, three and four, increasing creation as He wills surely God is powerful over everything
(Qur’an 35:1)
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about islamfascinating factsinteresting facts about islamislam factsshocking factsTop 10 Listtop ten list
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Joe and June started Children's Clothing Company 30 years ago. They are now both age 65 and are interested in retiring. Their daughter Susan is currently the company president and their son Michael is the vice president of marketing. They have two other children, Spencer and Ellen, and both of them have decided to pursue other careers.
Children's Clothing Company is a C corporation. It has both voting stock and non-voting stock. There are 1,000 shares of voting stock and 20,000 shares of nonvoting stock. All of the shares are currently owned by Joe and June.
Children's Clothing Company struggled like many new businesses in the early years. However, they now have gradually increased their sales and opened four new clothing stores. The company has now paid all of its debt and has $800,000 in reserve.
Joe and June realize that they eventually will want to retire and transfer the business to Susan and Michael. After talking about this between themselves, they decided to visit with their attorney Linda. Before the meeting, they wrote down their three principal objectives. They would like to have secure retirement income, transfer the business to Susan and Michael and provide a fair inheritance for Spencer and Ellen.
Planning with the Advice of Attorney Linda
Joe: "Thank you for meeting with us Linda. As you know, we now are thinking about ways to transfer the business to Susan and Michael."
June: "Yes, both of them are doing well. Susan is a good manager and Michael has always had a gift for sales. We think it would be good if we could find a way to move the business to them - perhaps over several years. We don't want to give up everything at once, but it would be good to get that transfer started. Plus, we want to provide a fair inheritance for Spencer and Ellen. With the business and the number of years that Susan and Michael have spent building the business, they may end up with a larger total value, but the rest of the inheritance should still be fair."
Linda: "That's very understandable. A good concept is to give part of the business to Susan and Michael. The balance of your stock can be transferred over several years to a special trust. This trust has the ability to receive that stock and sell it tax free back to the corporation."
Joe: "And so as we give part to Susan and Michael and then sell stock back to the corporation, they will need to make the business productive. That is good. They should learn how to run it and be successful. That will help them learn more about the business and I like the idea that they would earn part of their value."
June: "But how does this gift and trust work?"
Linda: "First, the gift. We can set up a special agreement called a family limited partnership (FLP). You can transfer part of your stock to the FLP. Because there are discounts for minority interest and lack of marketability, it will be easier to make gifts of that part of the business to Susan and Michael. We will need to have an appraisal every year and then you can make transfers of FLP interests to them."
Joe: "That's okay. I am open to that idea, but we are only going to use the non-voting stock with that part of the plan. June and I plan to hold on to the 1,000 shares of voting stock for a number of years."
June: "So that's the first part with stock going into the partnership and then being gifted to Susan and Michael. Tell me more about the second part, especially how the trust can give us a good retirement income."
Linda: "This trust has a special name - a charitable remainder unitrust or CRT. We could set up a trust that would pay you 5% for your two lives. Every year, you can make a gift of stock to the unitrust. The unitrust can hold the stock for two to four weeks and sell it back to Children's Clothing Company. You will benefit from an income tax deduction each year for about one-third the value of the gift."
Joe: "I can see why that would be great for us. We will get our tax deduction from that charitable trust and also receive good income. How does this help Susan and Michael?"
Linda: "There are great benefits both to you and to Susan and Michael. As you mentioned, Joe, you will receive a very good charitable deduction each year. But when the trust sells stock back to the corporation and receives cash, that stock is held as "treasury" stock by the business. You will give a portion of your stock to Susan and Michael through the FLP. Most of the rest of your stock will be transferred to the trust and then sold back to the corporation. We call that a redemption of the stock by the corporation."
June: "How long will this plan take?"
Linda: "Let's plan on three to five years. It will depend in part upon the success of Children's Clothing Company. The more cash flow that is produced each year, the larger the block of stock that you can give to your trust and then sell back to the company. If the business continues to grow and be successful, it may be possible to complete the plan more quickly."
The Plan in Action
Joe and June did set up a charitable remainder unitrust and a family limited partnership. They gave half of their non-voting stock to the FLP and started making a gift of shares of nonvoting stock each year to the unitrust. The same appraiser valued the stock for both the gifts of the FLP units to Susan and Michael and the gifts of stock to the charitable trust.
The charitable trust received about $400,000 per year of nonvoting stock. It held that stock for a few weeks and sold it to Children's Clothing Company. By making the gift of $400,000, Joe and June received a charitable deduction of around $140,000 per year. This saved a very substantial amount of taxes. Plus, when the stock was sold back to the company there was no recognized capital gain, saving additional taxes.
With the transfer of half the stock through the FLP and the gifts to the unitrust with stock redemptions by the corporation, Susan and Michael eventually ended up owning all of the nonvoting stock in Children's Clothing Company. Joe and June still held the 1,000 shares of voting stock and planned to leave a bequest of that stock to Susan and Michael.
Inheritance for Spencer and Ellen
Joe and June were pleased with the progress of the "charitable bailout" plan. They had a substantial retirement income from the trust and the stock in the business was being transferred to Susan and Michael.
But they wanted to fulfill their third objective and provide a fair inheritance for Spencer and Ellen. Because Joe and June were both in reasonably good health for age 65, they were able to set up an irrevocable life insurance trust and purchase life insurance.
They selected a whole life policy that will be funded over a number of years. Joe and June take some of their income and tax savings each year and make a gift to the trust. There is a special power that allows Spencer and Ellen to spend that gift for a period of 30 days. Because Spencer and Ellen eventually want to receive the insurance proceeds, they allow the funds to stay in the trust and then be used to pay the premium.
When Joe and June pass away, there will be no estate tax and no income tax on the inheritance for Spencer and Ellen. The insurance trust inheritance may not be exactly the same value as received by Susan and Michael, but that's acceptable in the view of Joe and June. Susan and Michael have contributed to the business for many years and the substantial insurance proceeds will be a tax-free inheritance for Spencer and Ellen.
Sunset Years for Joe and June
Joe and June turned 75 and they are enjoying their sunset years.
Joe: "This has been a good plan. We have our IRA, our Social Security and now are receiving excellent income from our unitrust."
June: "It's also been wonderful to watch Susan and Michael blossom. They have opened another store and the business is continuing to grow. I especially appreciate the fairness of the rest of the inheritance plan through the insurance trust. We have transferred our business to Susan and Michael, but still provided a very good inheritance for Spencer and Ellen. All and all, we can be very thankful that we had the opportunity to visit with Linda and create this 'charitable bailout' plan."
Gifts of Land
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Finding Prince Charming
Thread: Finding Prince Charming
Anyone watch? Thoughts?
Last edited by toriMODE; 09-12-2016 at 09:37 PM. Reason: Because
dollsbitches
I want to see it so badly, but now that kickass.to doesn't exist anymore, I literally wouldn't have a clue where to download it. It's not 'mainstream' enough to be on any of the other torrent sites I frequent.
I've read some articles about it, and without having seen the show I have to say, I'm really over the type of gays who see something gay on TV and then complain it doesn't 'represent them'. It happened to Looking, it seems to be happening with this show as well.
There isn't one type of gay person. We're not all gym bunnies who go on Grindr and listen to Madonna/Kylie/Gaga, showtunes, have some type of creative job and give shopping advice to our best girl friend. There's such an incredibly broad spectrum of what LGB people can be, really the only thing we all have in common is that we're attracted to people of the same sex. And even with that, there are so many degrees. So the chance that you'll see something gay on TV that you will feel 100% represents YOU is slim to none. Stop complaining about it.
I found it on extratorrent.
I've read that a lot of gays found it to be offensive. I watched it and didn't find it so.
I didn't find it offensive, just toxic and gross in the same way The Bachelor is.
I have so many problems with this show. I don't know where to begin. The "Prince Charming" was a rent boy as recently as June, which in itself I don't have an issue with but it doesn't jive with the bogus premise of the show that he's looking for true love. He's looking for attention, as are all the contestants. It's why pretty people go on dating reality shows. None of them obviously have an issue with finding dates in real life.
But the most glaring issue is that, as a rent boy, he was apparently pretty racist, and I'd really love it if Logo didn't glorify the "no fats, no fems, no blacks" type of gay.
He's racist? He's Puerto Rican and he was really interested in one of the African American men.
Being Puerto Rican doesn't mean you can't be racist. Several of his rent boy reviews mentioned he didn't date POC. That was ten years ago, so maybe he's been enlightened. Still, I wouldn't believe something to be true just because I saw it on a reality show.
It sounds like you've really done your research on his past. I'm impressed.
^The shade of those sentences. lol
I watched a show like this before where all the guys competed for a "prince charming" fellow. But half of the guys weren't gay, etc. He had his best friend who kept an eye on the guys.. and when he found out about the twist he got really upset.. but he still found the love of his life.. Anyone remember what that show was called? It won an award at GLAAD.
Anyhow, this show comes on right after DragRace which is why I watch it. Only one episode, tho. So we'll see a few more episodes in what happens. But it does seem to have a broader group of men. There are some guys without six packs and poc and fems. Well, one really outrageous guy, at least. Looks like a fun enough show.
I just think things like this are too toxic and disingenuous to be entertaining. Reality dating shows and all their ilk perpetuate ideas about dating, relationships, and love that are not only faulty, but harmful.
All your comments just make me want to see the show more
This show really kind of reminds me of Bad Girls Club.
Quick Navigation Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Top
reality, television
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Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Submitted by Tetiana KACHANOVSKA on Thu, 04/01/2018 - 12:43pm
Taras Shevchenko University or officially the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, colloquially known in Ukrainian as KNU is located in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. KNU, which is ranked within top 500 Universities in the world, is founded in 1834. It is the third oldest university in Ukraine after the University of Lviv and University of Kharkiv. Currently, its structure consists of 13 faculties and 8 institutes.
University alumni are extremely competitive in the labour market. According to Scopus (2009), KNU has the highest research paper output of any Ukrainian university and is a leading academic institution in Ukraine.
The University has over 234 partner universities from 58 countries, involved in exchange programmes, such as Erasmus Mundus, and collaborates with the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), NATO and more.
More information about University:
http://www.univ.kiev.ua/en/geninf/about/
http://www.umz.univ.kiev.ua/index.php/en/projects/universiteti-partneri....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taras_Shevchenko_National_University_of_Kyiv
https://www.facebook.com/pages/Taras-Shevchenko-National-University-of-K...(unofficial FB page)
Institute of Philology:
http://philology.knu.ua/
http://philology.knu.ua/eng/
https://www.facebook.com/philolog.knu.ua/
Chair of Theory and Practice of Translation from Romance Languages:
http://philology.knu.ua/node/36
http://philology.knu.ua/eng/node/29
http://philology.knu.ua/node/206
Taras Shevchenko University
14 Taras Shevchenko Blvd.
Phone(+38 044) 239 33 02
Mobile+380 50 815 74 13
Fax(+38 044) 239 31 13
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The many passions of digital media artist Michael Tomb
by janem on July 20, 2014
Tomb’s image of the beloved katsura tree (Cercidphyllum japonicum) in Rochester’s Highland Park.
By Michelle Sutton
Images copyright Michael Tomb
Michael Tomb’s mesmerizing “Skin of the Arboretum” image series began in early 2008, on a tour of Rochester’s Highland Botanical Park Pinetum with horticulturist Kent Milham. Tomb became fascinated by both patterned and abstract expressions of bark on the trees; he now exhibits truly arresting photos and photo collages of them. As with “The Hobbiton of the Bark” (see photo), he frequently employs an element of trompe l’oeil in both the subject matter and the convincing, apparent picture frame.
Tomb identifies as a digital media artist, rather than a photographer. He has taken an average of 50 pictures a day over the last 15 years. Many of his images employ HDR (high dynamic range) software that takes multiples of an image and eliminates the “noise” from each one to get a wider range of exposure and maximum 3-D effect.
“Many of my finished images are not one photo—each is as many as 12 or 13 frames on top of or extending each other,” he says. “Virtually every image has been manipulated. I don’t believe in the idea that there’s a clean image that’s somehow sacred. All digital cameras are computers, after all, so a program is involved in any digital photography.”
He continues, “I’m after the image. I like to use any method available to me—so were many of the most famous film-based photographers. They often used analog tools such as filters on the camera or the enlarger and dodging and burning, even combining multiple images into one. I experimented with all those techniques back in my darkroom days. But the image still begins in my mind’s eye and works its way slowly towards a surface of some sort. There is no happy accident involved here; I know what I want and when the image finally lines up with my internal expectation, it’s finally done.”
Michael Tomb’s “Hobbiton of the Bark” employs trompe l’oeil in both the image and the “frame.”
The tour where “Skin” was birthed was organized for the Highland Park Neighborhood Association, an organization with whom Tomb and his wife Marcia, residents of the neighborhood, have been very active since 2006, when a fatal stabbing of a young person 300 feet from their door galvanized them.
Tomb says, “Marcia and I had a conversation. It was like, if we’re going to stay here, we need to get more involved. I’m a lifelong committed pacifist so I wasn’t going to suggest we get armed. The one thing I knew we could do was work toward giving the neighborhood a higher profile in arts and culture. I wanted us to make the neighborhood more special, with the hopes that that would help make it ultimately safer.”
Using his digital media skills, Tomb had been doing some volunteer work for New Orleans recovery post Katrina and had been heartened by the level of community action he saw there. He decided to invest these skills in earnest in his neighborhood, though he and Marcia still make frequent trips to their beloved New Orleans.
He says, “One of the first things we researched together was the urban planning concept called ‘Placemaking’. The residents themselves re-design their common public living spaces to make them more inviting and special. The results are places that the community creates and owns together. The idea is both old and new; in fact I discovered an article written in 1882 in one of Rochester’s most beautiful (if forgotten) horticultural journals, Vick’s Illustrated Monthly Magazine, that described what is now known as ‘Placemaking’. And when I republished it on our neighborhood’s online ‘Virtual Scrapbook’, links to it were retweeted by national experts who support the movement. This is now something I’m totally committed to as a way to develop cities.”
Snow on the trunk of a London planetree (Platanus x acerifolia) in Tombs Highland Park neighborhood.
Tomb’s mother’s family was based mostly in Rochester but at an early age, he experienced a huge cultural upheaval. His Sicilian grandfather, Frank Mully, a mason by training, had moved with his wife and family from Rochester to Bristol in the 1940s to live on a farm and eventually started that rural area’s first Italian restaurant, on Route 64. Tomb grew up on the attached farm, and growing vegetables with his grandfather kicked off a lifelong interest in gardening. After his grandfather Frank had a severe stroke, Tomb’s family literally moved into the restaurant building to help out, and thus commenced many years of Tomb’s immersion in the restaurant trade, of which he has happy memories.
Tomb’s mother, Gemma, was only one of two college educated members on either side of the family; she was passionate about music and the arts, and about science. “She could tell you the life history of all the great classical composers, and she could play the most rollicking version of ‘Sunny Side of the Street’ on the piano,” he says.
Gemma passed her love of the arts and sciences on to her children including her son, who in his teenage years developed passions for photography and astronomy. She also took an action that had hugely positive consequences for Tomb and his sister, who needed a more rigorous academic environment. Gemma Tomb approached the Harley School, an esteemed secular private school in Pittsford, with the result being that both children received full scholarships to attend. Tomb started at Harley in 1969 and finished in three years. “I got exposed to this amazing nurturing educational experience I wish so many kids could have,” he says.
Among the courses he took was filmmaking, and he even had after-hours access to the school’s refrigerator-size computer. Tomb used “unshielded radio noise” from the computer to score one of his animated films. He took to computer programming, eventually developing his own personal video games. In 1972 he started attending Franklin and Marshall College, because they had a strong Astrophysics program. He became the photo-editor of the college paper and continued to school himself in computer programming. In his senior year, he had a bit of an identity crisis and dropped out and returned to Rochester where he’d hoped to work as a photographer, but he spent more of his time evaluating choices in life and the result was a renewed desire to complete his education.
Eventually one of Tomb’s best friends at Franklin and Marshall, Paul Marttila, convinced Michael to go back to college and finish his degree. They are still close. Marttila says, “We connected through a shared sense of humor; I’m proud to call him one of my closest friends for 40 years. Michael is a brilliant guy, a renaissance man. In college, we would go camping with our friends and Michael, already at that phase an advanced astronomer, would spend hours describing constellations and planets in a way that was fascinating to us. In recent years, I’ve seen him give multimedia presentations on astronomy that were amazing.”
A collage of bark images from Tombs “Skin of the Arboretum” series.
After graduating college, Tomb came back to Rochester and worked for two small computer scientific programming firms while continuing to practice his photography craft. As a requirement for designing one of the world’s first toxicity prediction systems, he expanded his training in computer graphics because of the need to represent and input molecular structures on the computer screen.
In 1992, he started his own consulting business, helping clients with their statistical, health science, and engineering computational and programming needs. “When I went out on my own, I felt as if I had just jumped from the end of a gangplank and before landing in the water, I had to learn how to swim,” he says. The first year was lean—they ate mass quantities of zucchini and Swiss chard from their garden that summer—but he’s now very much sought after for his skills in solving problems related to new technologies, including writing software.
Lamberton Conservatory Desert Room Panorama by Michael Tomb.
Tomb’s one of those lucky people who is passionate about his work. He is also passionate about the horticultural history of Rochester and has launched a series called The City of Flowers Collection that he exhibited for the Highland Park Neighborhood Association.
“I found that there was this amazing series of printing companies employing hundreds of immigrant artists that did all this folk-ish, beautiful commercial botanical art, often unsigned. This was a flourishing industry here, one that handled the visual aspects of Rochester’s nursery and seed industries. Rochester invented a new kind of commercial art called ‘plates for the nurseryman’—a nursery rep would come to the lithographer and say, I need prints of these 200 varieties, and a book of lithographs would be put together. These compilations were like the precursors of seed catalogs.”
Tomb has been collecting, mostly from eBay, prints of this botanical art, along with trade cards and early seed catalogs, all printed and designed in Rochester. He scans or photographs the images, digitally restores them, and reproduces them at a bigger scale, which enhances the folk art and even pop art aspects of the images. “This isn’t something I seek to make money from,” he says. “I wanted to pay homage to these largely unknown, incredible folk artists.”
Tomb is also known for his work photographing Highland Park’s Lamberton Conservatory’s interior and exterior, including on those nights during the holiday seasons when the building is open one evening a week and festooned with lights. He hopes to publish a collection of these Conservatory photos.
The Skin of the Arboretum continues to be the series that gets the most attention. Friend and former colleague Pat Mann purchased prints of two of Michael’s fine art. She says, “I was so enamored and transfixed to the spot with two of his pieces from the Skin of the Arboretum at his opening that I just had to have them: ‘The Hobbiton of the Bark’ and ‘The Nude of the Bark.’”
“Nude of the Bark” by Michael Tomb.
She says, “‘Hobbiton’ just jumps out at you … Michael captured an artifact of nature in such a way as to evoke a magical essence. And ‘Nude’ reminds me of Jean Arp’s ‘Sculpture Classique’ (1960), capturing the female form in very sleek simple lines, but Michael’s art and technique is even more brilliant in extracting and showcasing it from nature. His addition of color gives the feeling of a cloaked figure, uncovered, revealing the female form. I just love it. I’m glad to see Michael is pursuing his fine art; his energy is boundless, and his passion is contagious!”
Tomb adds, “It took decades for these images to make it to my eye. I grew up in the rural Bristol Hills and many old trees, abandoned orchards, and pockets of isolated forests were like remote friends that I and my dogs visited alone. And yet it wasn’t until 30 years after I finally left Bristol that I really started seeing the surfaces of trees as beautiful abstractions. Now I can’t stop. To me the Arboretum within Highland Park is not just a collection of special trees and shrubs but these are open air rooms in a living museum of art.”
Michelle Sutton is a horticulturist, writer, and editor based in New Paltz, New York (michellejudysutton.com).
Sylvia July 18, 2018 at 6:11 pm
We’re the pictures in the 6×6 show of yours photographs??
They were beautiful but I didn’t think they were photos…
janem July 20, 2018 at 9:53 am
Hi! I’m Jane, the editor, but I can answer this. They all are photographs! :)
Erika T July 29, 2014 at 6:19 am
Wow, very beautiful photos. I lived the “Nude” as well.
Emily | Gardeners Malvern July 22, 2014 at 12:45 am
These pictures are amazing! I really like the way the photographer was able to catch the raw beauty of nature. It’s all so natural and beautiful at the same time. These pictures show that every season has it’s good and bad sides, but the important thing is to focus on the good ones.
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Home » Our Blog
Staff Spotlight: Rachel Abbott, Environmental Education Program Director
How can I instill awe and love of the outdoors in others? This question has stuck with me since I was a kid growing up in a variety of environments: the desert in Phoenix, Arizona, the rolling hills and woodlands of San Antonio, Texas, and the Northeastern forest of Baltimore, Maryland. I grew up spending much of my time outdoors, and developed an appreciation for my surroundings early on. I also met and befriended many different types of people throughout my childhood, and became curious about cultures and ways of life different from my own.
As a young girl, I did not realize I could turn my love of both the outdoors and people into a career. It was not until college and graduate school that I had the opportunity to act on these passions. Since graduation, I have had the opportunity to coordinate a youth initiative at the Philadelphia Mayor’s Office of Public Engagement as an AmeriCorps VISTA, have worked as an environmental educator through Let’s Go Outdoors and Riverbend Environmental Education Center, and as an outdoor educator at the Philadelphia Outward Bound School. These experiences have allowed me to do what I love: stand alongside all kinds of people learning in and about the outdoors, and discovering more of themselves, and more of their communities.
This is what draws me to environmental education. The environment, in many ways, provides a clean slate for people. In this age, many people spend their lives indoors, removed from the outdoor environments that support their lifestyles. I enjoy helping people take literal breaths of fresh air, as they uncover how the environment serves them, and how they can be stewards of these life giving places. I enjoy helping youth, in particular, build skills, become leaders, and build confidence while challenging themselves in unfamiliar situations.
When I first happened upon the UrbanTrekkers website, I immediately thought this organization gets it. UrbanPromise’s Office of Experiential learning combines youth empowerment, challenge, environment, hands on projects, and compassion. I was struck by the holistic, but very intentional, view of youth development, and wanted to be a part of it. Since taking on the Environmental Education Program Director role in late August, I have seen an organization that is welcoming, compassionate, flexible, and is not afraid to push the envelope or fail. I enjoy working on a diverse, energetic, and mission minded team, and see the constant relationship building that happens with our students.
Yes, our team alternates days in the office with days outdoors, and yes, we aim to share the beauty of the outdoors with our students and Camden community members. But more than that, we aim to help our participants see the beauty in themselves, in others, and in our communities at large.
Rachel Abbott, Environmental Education Program Director
Community: what does it mean to you?
One of the first students that I met when I started with UrbanTrekkers was a rising senior named Johnani. The second I met him I could tell that he was a fireball of energy. Every day Johnani was off work, he was at UrbanPromise. Usually with someone from the Trekkers office. No matter the task, no matter what was going on, he was always there to lend a helping hand. He is a jokester too, even when his timing may not be the most appropriate.
I noticed several students like Johnani in my first few weeks here. There were handful of students that always seemed to be around; even if they had no real reason to be. It felt like there was some sort of magnet at Urban that kept people around.
Since Johnani was always hanging in the Trekker office, I was able to spend a lot of time with him throughout the summer. I had the chance to spend some more time with him when he decided to be a part of our Outdoor Leadership Training and New Student Orientation at Hickory Run State Park a few weeks ago.
During our five days camping in Hickory Run State Park with Johnani and the 7 other student leaders, we spent a lot of time discussing the meaning of community, the communities we are a part of, and the reasons those communities feel safe to us. We spent hours on the trail, on bikes, and around the campfire together. We made a little home in the woods for ourselves where we could crack jokes, laugh, and spend time in reflection. Our reflection times revolved around community, and they served as a time to prepare for New Student Orientation. Kris even took notes on what each student was saying about community and the community that exists at UrbanPromise. Later, when we were prepping for the new students, Kris would remind each student of what they had said so that they would have it down when they were later asked to share.
Throughout most of our rehearsals, Johnani did not seem like he was taking anything seriously. His responses always came off as joke-filled, but with a little bit of truth in them. When the new students showed up and it came time for our student leadership team to share their definition of community, they were having a hard time recalling their previous answers. “Can you tell everybody what you said the other day,” Kris kept saying as he tried to nudge students along. His nudges were helpful, but none of the responses seemed quite as genuine as I had hoped.
Then it came around to Johnani, and I must say that I was a little bit nervous. But when he started speaking, you could feel the authenticity in his voice. He carried on with the most beautiful and genuine sentiment, and he finished with “For me, Urban is a family.” I could feel the chills going up and down my arms, and for some reason the whole campfire seemed to go silent. “You’re about to make me cry over here!” Hope, one of our other student leaders, shouted from across the campfire.
That was the moment I realized exactly why Johnani is always hanging around Urban. It made me understand why the students were having such a hard time explaining the community that we have at UrbanPromise and in UrbanTrekkers. It can be hard to define something when the definition goes beyond words. UrbanPromise is more than just a community. It is a family. And when the new students started school last week, they weren’t joining just another community. They were becoming part of a family.
Kevin Gassaway
Professional Intern (July 2018-June 2019)
IN THE NEWS: 'Within this city … there is this beautiful river.'
MAGGIE LOESCH / STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER Philadelphia's skyline is visible over trees from the Cooper River in Camden, NJ, on the afternoon of Friday, June 29, 2018. Students enrolled in the UrbanTrekkers program through Urban Promise Academy in Camden, NJ, led the canoe trip on the river. These teens are employed as RiverGuides for the summer and are trained in the ecology and history of the river, as well as canoe safety.
by Will Feuer, Staff Writer @FeuerWilliam | wfeuer@phillynews.com
Destiny Wilson spent the other day drifting down the languid Cooper River away from Camden, toward the Delaware, in a canoe that she built with her own hands. Excitedly, she identified a double-crested cormorant, then a bald eagle and a few blue herons as they dozed in the shade or soared above.
It’s difficult to imagine that, growing up in East Camden, Wilson, 18, once knew the Cooper River only in passing, her imagination stifled for years by Camden’s concrete confines. These days, she’s something of an expert on the water, but her aspirations don’t end at the Delaware.
“I always wanted to go places when I was a kid, but I just never put in the work to get there,” she said. Today Wilson talks seriously about traveling beyond the city of her birth to such far-flung places as Greece and Switzerland. First, her sights are set on college. If all goes according to plan, she said, she’ll be her family’s first college graduate. She wants to study environmental science.
Wilson is one of five Camden high school students who are spending the summer as “river guides” for the nonprofit RiverGuides program sponsored by UrbanPromise Ministries, a nonprofit that works with the city’s young.
Founded three years ago through a grant from the William Penn Foundation, the RiverGuides program pays students such as Wilson to guide folks through the river. Camden residents paddle free of charge. Others must pay a small fee. Throughout the trip, the young guides narrate the local history of landmarks on the river and present ecological findings from their own research.
MAGGIE LOESCH / STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER Students lead a canoe trip on the Cooper River. These teens are enrolled in the UrbanTrekkers program through Urban Promise Academy in Camden, and employed as river guides for the summer.
“Some people think because the Cooper River’s in Camden, it’s dirty,” said Hannah Morales, 22, who has supervised the program the last two years. “We make residents see that within this city, which can be a bit rough around the edges, there is this beautiful river.”
All RiverGuides expeditions are led by Wilson and this summer’s four other guides, joined also by two paid supervisors like Morales and usually one volunteer. The typical paddle is for the benefit of Camden residents who have never been on the river before, Morales said.
The canoes, most hand-built by students in the UrbanPromise Boatworks shop, hit the water near the Kaighn Avenue Dam. They traverse toward the Delaware River, winding among such landmarks as the Campbell’s Soup headquarters, Gateway Park, and the Federal Street Bridge. After roughly three hours, the trip ends at Pyne Poynt Park in North Camden where a shuttle returns participants to the launching point.
The guides not only know the history of the Federal Street Bridge back to the American Revolutionary War, but they also gladly identify an amalgam of birds that have come to call the Cooper home. And as part of their job, guides conduct water-quality assessments on the river twice a week, testing for pH level, dissolved oxygen, turbidity level and nitrates. All tests come back within the standard range, the river guides said, and then explained the purpose behind each test.
Wilson, in particular, took the lessons she learned with RiverGuides to heart. Now she’s returned for her second summer as a guide.
“This is actually my job,” she said. “I can’t believe I get paid for this!”
Wilson said the RiverGuides program changed her life, and made her appreciate her city in new ways.
“[My view of] Camden has changed a lot now that I’ve gotten to be on the water and see it from a different point of view,” she said. “I just love everything here so much.”
Most who sign up for the tours have never been on a boat, Morales said, like most of the seven kids who came from Trenton last week to join the Camden guides. Those who hadn’t been on the water before were a bit shaky at first.
MAGGIE LOESCH / STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER Uriah Missouri (left), a 15-year-old who is part of UrbanPromise Trenton, and Eric Martin, leader of UrbanPromise Trenton, take a break from paddling on a canoe trip on the Cooper River in Camden. Teens from UrbanPromise Camden, a sister program of the one in Trenton, are employed as river guides for the summer and are trained in the ecology and history of the river, as well as canoe safety, and led the paddle.
“Oh, Jesus, how am I getting in that thing?” asked Arianna Alexander, 15, just before the paddle. But as the group pressed toward the Delaware River, everyone became visibly more relaxed and comfortable with one another. Some raced, others collected litter, searched for birds. Still more lingered behind to chat.
“It was a good experience,” Alexander said to the group after the paddle. “I’m glad I didn’t drown.”
The kids from Trenton and Camden were joined last Friday by Maria Blatcher of Moorestown, who volunteered to help organize the trip.
“The contrast of the wealth in a community like Moorestown to the poverty in a city like Camden is striking,” Blatcher said. “And it’s just inspiring to watch these kids try something new and see their city from a new perspective for the first time.”
Camden’s poverty seems almost impossible to escape, even out on the Cooper River. As the canoes glide peacefully under bridges, it doesn’t take long to notice the glaring evidence of Camden’s reality, the makeshift living conditions of the city’s poorest beneath bridges.
Blatcher said she was inspired to volunteer her time and effort when she saw a 20/20program on child poverty in Camden more than a decade ago. As it turned out, one of the river guides, Ivan Stevens, now 17, was featured in that 2007 episode. At the time, he and his mother and younger brother were homeless.
Today, Stevens aspires to be a journalist, he said, and keeps a journal on him almost all the time.
Stevens said that his mother died suddenly of a brain aneurysm last month and that the UrbanPromise community and the RiverGuides have given him a second family. “They were always there for me,” he said. “They gave me a shoulder to lean on.”
And as for this summer, Stevens is ready to share the river with any and all who are interested: “I see stuff differently now. It’s a new life out here. It’s waiting for different people to see.”
Full article title: 'Within this city … there is this beautiful river.' South Jersey canoe program aims to expand horizons and change lives
Link: http://www.philly.com/philly/news/new_jersey/within-this-city-there-is-t...
Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that.
The morning we went to the Holocaust Memorial Museum, two of our students, who also happen to be sisters, were fighting a lot with one another. You know the kind of way siblings fight? It was the kind where they are impatient with one another, and every little thing done or said annoys the other one. Then they realize it annoys the other one, so they dig in to get a greater reaction and laugh about it.
We had just arrived at the Holocaust Museum, probably one of the most somber places in DC, possibly in the whole country. I had briefed students going in about how to carry themselves with respect inside. Well, our two sisters were still caught in their world of petty sibling arguments. I told one of them to chill out and back off. I was getting fed up with them at this point. This really just made her more upset- now both at me and at her sister. The rest of the museum visit, the two avoided each other, and the one I spoke harshly to avoided me.
After walking through the museum, which still strikes me to the heart every time (even after my fifth visit) we headed to lunch to decompress a bit. The two sisters sat kind of near me towards the end of the table, along with Yasiria, a sophomore student on our Student Leadership team. I could tell they were still bickering about something, but this time I overheard Yasiria interjecting. When I listened closer, I discovered she was giving them advice on how to work through whatever argument was going on. She spent the next 20 minutes or so actually counseling them through things! And they listened!
The rest of the day, I didn't hear a single dispute between the two. I was so impressed with Yasiria; she has a heart of gold and always leads the group by example, showing compassion and kindness along the way. Earlier on our expedition, we walked through the Martin Luther King Jr. monument. On the monument walls, there was a quote that said,
"Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that." -MLK
I was struck by the way Yasiria handled things in that instance. She did a much better job at showing love and patience than I did! We had just walked through a memorial showing the world what happens when we let darkness and hate take the reins, but in the end, it's purpose was to show how light prevailed, and how we have a choice everyday how to respond to our world. Yasiria that day chose light, and it drove out the darkness. She chose love, and it bridged a gap between two sisters. I call that a victory.
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5 Million FaceBook Fans!
August 10, 2011 2,689 comments
KINGSTON, August 8 – Usain Bolt has added another record to his already comprehensive list. Usain is the first Jamaican to have over 5 million fans on Facebook, adding 300,000 in less than two months.
Up to June 16, his fan list was just about 4.6 million, a week after his 19.86 seconds clocking in Oslo. Bolt has since run in Paris, Monaco and Stockholm where he has won the 100 and 200 metres, with creditable performances. Stockholm was a ‘big’ winner for Bolt, where he finally won an event with a 20.03 clocking in the 200 metres. He had previously lost in Stockholm in 2008 and 2010 to Asafa Powell and Tyson Gay respectively.
The United Kingdom is still the number one country with the highest number of fans 773,425, USA ranks second with 521,993 and India – 400,521. In terms of cities, Rome, Mumbai and London are the top three.
Home country Jamaica is number 12 on the list with Kingston as the 8th top city in the world. Facebook is reporting there are 90,000 fans from Jamaica on the network who are fans of the track and field star.
The 18 – 24 male age group has 33 per cent of his overall fan base, while the 13 – 17 male is second with 29 per cent. The top female group is the 13 – 17 representing 8 per cent of his overall fan base.
Bolt is set to defend his titles at the World Championships which begins in Daegu on Saturday, August 27.
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Home » Archive » A Matter of Quality: A Study of People’s Perceptions and Expectations from Schooling in Rural and Urban Areas of Uttarakhand
A Matter of Quality: A Study of People’s Perceptions and Expectations from Schooling in Rural and Urban Areas of Uttarakhand
Citation: Gupta P. (2000). A Matter of Quality: A Study of People’s Perceptions and Expectations from Schooling in Rural and Urban Areas of Uttarakhand. Dehradun: Society for Integrated Development of Himalayas.
Tags: education
SANSHODHAN
Research and Advocacy Wing
Society for Integrated Development of Himalayas
by Pawan Gupta
For the past ten years SIDH, a voluntary organization, has been involved in providing educational opportunities to those deprived of it, in the rural areas of Tehri Garhwal district in Central Himalayas. SIDH started its first school in Jaunpur block of Tehri district, as a direct response to the needs of the community. As a result of its responsiveness to the community many changes have taken place which are reflected in SIDH’s programs. Over the years, SIDH has grown from one to 18 primary and pre-primary schools (in villages where there are no government schools).
During the course of SIDH’s work it was observed that most parents were unhappy with the impact of the present education system upon their children. SIDH gradually began focusing on issues of quality and relevance and exploring the links between micro and macro issues, between education and the larger sociopolitical, cultural and historical context within which it operated. Today SIDH attempts to identify the assumptions underlying the current system of education in the country and is experimenting with alternatives to formal education.
The present study hopes to gain an insight into the relevance of the present education system in the country by examining people’s perceptions regarding education. It has been a tremendous learning experience for the research team. During the research we realized that perhaps our colonial past forced us to be servile for so long, that we have forgotten to speak out what we really think or feel. Instead we speak what we presume, others would want to hear. Our aspirations are molded by the dominant classes and instead of challenging them to change their ways we tend to imitate them. Therefore it is difficult to find out the real needs. A question asked one way may give a certain kind of response, while the same question asked in a different manner may evoke a response quite contrary to the previous one. These contradictions and conflicts need to be examined sensitively, keeping in mind the historical reasons for such behavior. This study not only examines the contradictions and conflicts but also throws light on how aspirations and attitudes are molded by modern education. If the responses are examined deeply then the sharp contrast between the responses of urban, rural; male, female; and illiterate, literate reveals many significant issues.
The idea of the research project was to find out what people thought about education. So the obvious area of exploration was their definition of a good school and other questions along similar lines. We had discussions with varied groups from both rural and urban areas along these lines. The initial responses were not unexpected. They have been recorded by other research projects that have restricted themselves to matters of access like enrollment and dropout rates (and their reasons); infrastructure needs etc. Had we also left it at that, even then, it would still have been a valid research project. Our findings and recommendations, in that case, would have been restricted to the problem of access. But we probed further and in the course of this pursuit we stumbled upon the contradictions which is perhaps the lot of a society mesmerized into imitating without questioning. These conflicts and contradictions reveal that it is not access but relevance, which is a major concern of the people. It is quite possible that the problem of access will be resolved to a large extent if we make necessary changes according to the real needs of the people. This is possible only if the people are heard sensitively keeping in mind the fact that Indians, by and large, have a different way of responding. They are not as forthright as their western counterparts. If deeper examination is not done the conclusions could be quite contrary to what is actually being said.
For us this study was a very humbling experience, because our findings in a way only confirmed what Gandhiji knew without having undertaken such elaborate exercises more than 80-90 years ago. The heartening thing was that our so-called ‘uneducated’ women and men still speak the language of Gandhiji. This study brings out the clarity of thought and lack of dilemmas among the rural, low income, and illiterate groups, compared to the urban, high-income, literate groups. Perhaps, the sentiments of the people or ‘community’, need to be taken seriously by our policymakers.
In considering the findings of this study, it is clear that people are not happy with the present education system in India and its exclusive focus on imparting information. They want a value-based and economically relevant system just like Gandhiji did; one which will be a means toward making their children responsible and useful members of society. Yet, as the study indicates, there is immense social pressure to continue sending children to schools, regardless of the quality of education received. Why have Gandhiji’s ideas on education be given so little attention and not seriously implemented in independent India? Why is it that most parents failed to make a connection between the results of education that they desire to see in their children and the kind of schools which are going to lead them there? Significantly, there was little comment on the qualitative aspects of schools such as the curriculum and pedagogy. People agreed on the need for change yet they did not have any positive suggestions on how to improve the system.
Gandhiji often talked about the difficulties of trying to change the system of which one is a product, as well as of the paralyzing effects of modern education and State-domination on the ability to envision alternatives. The close links between dominant ideologies of ‘development’, ‘progress’, market economics and modern education makes it very difficult to defy conventions and work toward alternatives. In fact, the dominant system is so pervasive that the alternatives that exist are isolated and can never become the norm. Yet, as Gandhiji believed, it is still the responsibility of individuals who have a sense of perspective and are able to see the larger picture, even if they are a part of it, to continue to fight the tide and provide examples of the possibility of alternatives.
We fought and overthrew foreign domination but it remains in a different garb. Physical domination is no longer necessary – the control of the mind and sophistication in technology make it possible to exert even greater influence without physically dominating the country. Education plays a vital role in influencing the mind, which is confirmed by this research. The contrast between the answers of women and men on the one hand and the ‘illiterates’ and the ‘literates’ on the other are most revealing. Professor U. R. Ananthmurthy had once said, “Thank God for illiterates of my country. It is they who have kept India still intact and alive.” We could also say so after this experience. Perhaps it is good that we have a high rate of illiteracy, not only because we will then have less people, in Prof. Saran’s words, to be ‘exorcised of false learnings’ but also because we will have more resources to learn from. The highlights of this study are some profound and simply articulated suggestions by rural illiterate women.
We feel there is a flaw in the design of most research studies: the researcher tends to exclude his/her own class from the research sample. This could be because of the focus on ‘objectivity’ in the western scientific paradigm or because of our colonial past which excluded the elite from the majority. It is normally the more advantaged people like us, who conduct most of the research and it is not surprising that their findings and recommendations are very much in alignment with the world view of the powers-that-be. Perhaps this is because we who conduct these studies have false notions of our own superiority and a superficial self-confidence, and are not aware or willing to examine our own biases and our past. Hence the research often leads to conclusions which collaborate the views of the ruling elite. In this study we often had this problem. Our own guilt and prejudices kept creeping in unnoticed and only an honest self examination, which was both disturbing and painful, helped us overcome the hurdle. We are indebted to Dharampalji[1] whose books and essays helped us to constantly introspect, which was essential for gaining the insight, which we have tried to bring out in this study.
It is generally believed that the issue of access is more important than quality, but the two are entirely different issues. On a journey, it is more important to check whether we are going in the right direction, before we start counting the number of miles we have covered. If the direction is wrong then we will surely end up perpetuating our initial mistake. Therefore the issue of quality and relevance must be given priority. It is in this context that SIDH decided to make a systematic inquiry about the perception of the community about the present education system and also their expectations. This would enable SIDH to work towards making education a tool for social transformation.
Many of the findings in this study challenge the inherent assumptions behind the 18 core indicators identified under the Education for All 2000 Assessment exercise being carried out globally. The country reports are to be presented in Dakar, Senegal in April 2000. This study hopes to draw the attention of the policy makers to the issue of relevance in education instead of only focusing on the quantitative aspects of education.
Continue to the Study
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Servitude Through Song
April 5, 2018 • Features, Print, Reckoning • Views: 1373
The Hidden Culture of Korean Pop Music
By Allison Chen
December 18, 2017—the police find K-pop artist Jonghyun—the main vocalist of a successful Korean boy band—unconscious in a private hotel. He passes away in the hospital. In his suicide letter, Jonghyun writes, “I am broken from inside.”
Thin, beautiful adolescent girls twirl on stage. The crowd roars, waving painstakingly made fan signs in the dark stadium. The lyrics are in Korean, with the occasional English phrase chanted in the chorus. It’s usually an amalgamation of company-manufactured songs, strong fan bases and passionate “fan wars,” heavily funded music videos, and intense idolization of its performers.
This is K-pop: a music genre that has quickly garnered international attention, as seen with the Korean pop group, BTS’s, debut at the American Music Awards and Times Square during New Years.
K-pop fans are everywhere. From the United States to Israel, Korean pop music appeals to a wide range of tastes, unbounded by language or culture. Nowadays, a quick peek at the YouTube comments underneath K-pop music videos reveal millions of commenters, from around the globe, proclaiming themselves “ReVels,” “Blinks,” “Armies,” and the like, to declare an allegiance to particular Korean-pop groups. Unlike many American bands, these pop groups are generated by Korean entertainment companies who train idol-aspirants for years before selecting a lucky few to debut as groups.
However, underneath the perfectly-orchestrated glamour lies a darker reality.
“If you look at the schedules of the first generation of K-pop stars,” begins Richard Park (JE ’21), an international South Korean student, “they would come back home for sleep at 2 am and go to filming at 4 am. They would do this every single day without a break.”
The contracts that Korean pop stars adhere to are colloquially called slave contracts— for their highly extensive, restrictive legal agreements that trainees sign upon entering an entertainment agency. Top agencies typically recruit young teenagers—sometimes children as young as eleven years old—requesting them to sign contracts that may ultimately bind them to an agency for more than a decade. In fact, in a Variety article, Sonia Kil writes that the penalties for “teenagers who breached their contracts or decided to leave the business, were found to have been excessive – ranging from $86,200 to $129,000,” demonstrating not only the harsh conditions within the industry, but also the inability for its performers to leave such an industry.
Jonghyun is not the first Korean celebrity suicide to make international news. Since K-pop first became an Asia-wide phenomenon, a wake of artist suicides have occurred. In 1996, Seo Ji-won, one of the first K-pop celebrities to commit suicide, expressed extreme doubts in his possibilities of sustained success in his suicide note at the age of 19. U;Nee, a female artist who hung herself in 2007, had confided in close friends about her depression due to harsh online criticism about her image. A myriad of artists who have ended their own lives have similarly noted extreme depression and disillusionment within the Korean pop industry.
However, Jonghyun’s suicide incurred the fury and sorrow of not only his fans, but many other Korean celebrities including IU, the highly successful songwriter-singer-actress who was dubbed Korea’s “Nation’s Little Sister,” Taeyeon, the leader of SNSD—one of Korea’s most successful pop groups in history, and many others. The national and international outpour of grief over Jonghyun’s death manifested itself in Korean singers breaking down on stage in tears, delivering tributes to him at major award ceremonies, and even one particular artist shouting Jonghyun’s name in the middle of a national concert. His death forced fans, celebrities, and officials to examine the brutal pressure of Korea’s entertainment industry.
This alarming trend may stem from Korea’s culture of hard work, reputation, and image. According to Park, the work hard culture is deeply ingrained within the Korean corporate atmosphere. “We not only give 100% but 120%, and that’s kind of a life and death matter,” says Park, “that also shows in the way that industries train and work these idols—not only in the entertainment industry but in every industry.”
It is not uncommon for idols to faint on stage due to a combination of malnourishment and sleep deprivation. After all, idols constantly work toward a sustainable reputation and glitzy fame. With the work culture of Korea, this trend of breaking healthy work limits for idols represents another layer of the dangers of the K-pop industry.
Additionally, with highly specific beauty standards, idols face even more pressure to undergo extreme dieting and, possibly, plastic surgery. According to the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, South Korea’s rate of plastic surgery procedures is the highest per capita. A writer for the Huffington Post, Eudie Pak explains how it is not uncommon for even South Korean-American youths to travel to South Korea for their “transformation.” Much of these beauty standards are both supported by the flawless, constructed appearances of its Kpop idols, who are also sometimes forced to undergo plastic surgery by their companies. In fact, as Public Radio International puts it, “opting out of surgery is tantamount to opting out of the industry.”
With these rigorous pressures, limits, and obligations, Korean pop culture is gritty—not at all the sugary-sweet music scene that appeals to Asian and foreign fans alike. The criticism and mourning finally highlights the quiet danger of the industry. The trending twitter tag for remembering Jonghyun’s mental health battle, #MyMentalHealthIn5Words, the farewell speech by IU, and the outpour of international conversation demonstrates a rising awareness to what the industry entails.
A national tragedy, Jonghyun’s death asks all those complicit—fans, stars, agencies, government officials—to critically examine K-pop’s dangerous trend of trading the mental health of its artists for commercial success.
Allison Chen ‘21 is a prospective Economics and Global Affairs major in Timothy Dwight College. Contact her at allison.chen@yale.edu.
Tags: Korea, mental health, pop culture
Allison Chen
» Features, Print, Reckoning » Servitude Through Song
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Pop-Up Politics - interactive sculpture in the form of a life-sized telescope with moveable pop-up parts.
Plessner, Daphne (2004) Pop-Up Politics - interactive sculpture in the form of a life-sized telescope with moveable pop-up parts. [Art/Design Item]
Art/Design Item
Plessner, Daphne
Interactive sculpture in the form of a life-size telescope with moveable pop-up parts
First exhibited at Chester Beatty Library Museum, Dublin Castle, Dublin, Ireland, October 21st 2004-15th January 2005.
‘Pop-Up Politics’ was funded by a grant for the Arts Humanities Research Board (now AHRC). The point of departure for this practice-based research is Gottlob Frege’s writing ‘On Sense and Reference’ published in 1892, in which he made use of the telescope to illustrate the relationship with the perceiver to that which is being perceived. Specifically he was interested in the ways in which the context for the act of perception determines meaning.
‘Pop-Up Politics’ is focused on the French Revolution as France is transformed from a monarchy to a republic. The telescope provides the viewer with a range of different future possible outcomes to the social transformation. It triggers a questioning of terms which appear fixed such as the negative connotations of monarchy and the positive associations of the Third Estate and democracy within the context of the French Revolution.
The exhibition ‘Pop-up-Politics’ was accompanied by a catalogue which carried text by Plessner and also by the theorist Angelina Giannarou who wrote an essay ‘Eyes Wide Open’ (ISBN: 0-9548074-0-5).
The exhibition was noted and reviewed by the media including ‘The Sunday Times’ and ‘The Irish Times’. Plessner was interviewed for RTE’s radio arts programme broadcast on 1st December 2004. ‘Pop Up Politics’ was also cited by Intute (web resources for social sciences):
http://www.intute.ac.uk/artsandhumanities/sgibin/search.pl?term1=French+revolution&limit=0
http://www.plesner.co.uk/popup.html
Keywords/subjects not otherwise listed:
RAE2008 UoA63
Colleges > London College of Communication
http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/id/eprint/1373
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USD College Republicans President Kade Lambert, middle, poses for a photo with friends at a Donald Trump rally in Sioux City, Iowa Nov. 6. Trump made a speech to more than 3,500 people at the Sioux City Convention Center two days before the election. Submitted photo / The Volante
Sioux City Trump rally draws thousands, including USD students
November 6th, 2016 Malachi Petersen National, State/Local comments
Wearing red ball caps with the slogan “make America great again” and carrying “the silent majority stands with Trump” signs, more than 3,500 people packed into the Sioux City Convention Center Sunday afternoon to see Presidential Candidate Donald Trump speak a mere two days before election day. Sprinkled among the supporters draped in Trump flags and wearing “Hillary for Prison” t-shirts were USD students wearing Coyote gear.
“His rallies are just very famous, I would say — a lot of high-energy people here. It’s a very interesting atmosphere to say the least,” said Kade Lamberty, the president of the USD College Republicans. “It’s fun, especially if you support Trump and yeah, it’s a good time.”
More than 3,500 people turned out for the Sioux City Donald Trump rally Sunday afternoon. Malachi Petersen / The Volante
Lamberty, who was initially a Rand Paul supporter until after the first debate, said he’ll be voting for Trump on Tuesday. Lamberty said he believes Trump has tapped into an anger that everyday people have against politicians.
“I think there’s a lot of people upset with the system and he’s kind of just the human hand grenade that you can kind of throw at the system,” he said. “People are sick and tired of kind of Washington elites and Washington insiders controlling our government, so he’s kind of the ultimate outsider and that’s pretty much why I support him.”
During his more than 40 minute-long speech, Trump railed against the “dishonest media” and told attendees that his opponent, Democrat and former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, couldn’t be trusted. He also vowed to build a wall on the Mexican border and bring “law and order” to the United States.
“The media and the political elite don’t know the pain and the suffering these people are living under, but I figured it out a long time ago and that’s why I’m here and I’m with you. I was on the other side,” Trump said.
Trump ended his speech in Iowa vowing to make the country more prosperous.
“Together we will make America wealthy again, we will make America strong again, we will make America safe again and we will make America great again,” he said.
Tyler Reck, a senior criminal justice major who attended the rally, said he early voted for Trump and has supported him since he announced his candidacy. This was the second Trump rally he’s attended.
Tyler Reck, a senior criminal justice major, poses for a photo with an Iowan Republican Party official outside of the Sioux City Donald Trump rally Sunday afternoon. Submitted photo / The Volante
“I like that he likes to support the veterans, he wants more for veterans. He wants to make the VA better for them, (and) because I have a lot of people in my hometown of Sibley (Iowa) that are veterans so to make the VA better for them would be very beneficial,” Reck said.
Reck said he predicts the race will be close.
“I think it’s going to be a lot closer race than people think its going to be. Last month it was 52-39ish, now it’s 46-45 percent so it’s getting closer and with the email scandal thing coming out I think that’s what made it closer.”
Last month, FBI Director James Comey wrote a letter to Congress saying the agency was again looking into whether a new batch of emails discovered in an investigation might contain classified information related to the former Secretary of State and a private email server that she kept.
In a letter to congressional lawmakers Sunday, Comey said the FBI has worked “around the clock to process and review a large number of emails” obtained from a device belonging to Anthony Weiner, the disgraced former congressman and estranged husband of top Clinton aide Huma Abedin.
Comey said the review has not changed the bureau’s assessment from earlier this year that Clinton should not be prosecuted for her handling of classified information at the State Department.
Clinton’s campaign welcomed the FBI announcement.
“We’re glad this matter is resolved,” Jennifer Palmieri, Clinton’s communications director, told reporters traveling with the campaign to Ohio.
Clinton was infuriated by Comey’s decision to alert Congress late last month that the FBI was reviewing new materials, calling it “unprecedented” and “deeply troubling.” The decision shattered what had appeared to be Clinton’s solid grip on the race and emboldened Republican Donald Trump.
Trump landed in Minnesota for a rally moments after Comey’s announcement. He made no direct mention of the FBI decision and continued to insist —without evidence — that Clinton would be under investigation during her potential presidency.
“She’s protected by a rigged system,” he said. “She shouldn’t even be allowed to run for president.”
Trump leads Clinton by three points in Iowa, 44.3 percent to 41.3 percent according to an averaging of polls by Real Clear Politics. In two of three polls taken last month, Trump leads Clinton in double digits in South Dakota.
The Associated Press contributed to this story
Malachi Petersen
Malachi Petersen is a graduate student at the University of South Dakota getting his master's degree in public administration. He received his bachelor's degree in May of 2017 from USD, majoring in political science and journalism. Malachi worked at The Volante from August 2013 to January 2017 in various capacities, including as the 2016 editor-in-chief, before leaving the editorial side of the publication to run for Student Government Association to represent the graduate school. He's worked as an intern at the Vermillion Area Chamber & Development Company in Vermillion, SD; the Bemidji Pioneer in Bemidji, MN; Argus Leader Media in Sioux Falls, SD; the San Antonio Express-News in San Antonio, TX, and as a freelance writer for the Sioux Falls Business Journal. His articles have been published by multiple news organizations across the United States, including The Associated Press and USA Today. Malachi is from Lawton, IA.
Pizza Ranch officially open in Vermillion
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8Asians.com | An Asian American collaborative blog
8Asians is a collaborative online publication that features original, diverse commentary by Asians from around the world on issues that affect our community.
Tag: Andrew Phung
Kim’s Convenience is HILARIOUS – Available on Netflix
I had heard of the Canadian television comedy Kim’s Convenience a few years ago when it debuted, but never got around to watching it, even when it became available on Netflix last year in the U.S. But after remembering a friend mentioning how great the show was, I got around to binge watching Seasons 1 &2 on Netflix and catch-up to Season 3 through other means … I have to say, the 30 minute (less without commercials) show is pretty hilarious!!!
Kim’s Convenience is:
“… a Canadian television sitcom that premiered on CBC Television in October 2016. The series centres on the Korean Canadian Kim family who run a convenience store in the Moss Park neighbourhood of Toronto: parents “Appa” (Paul Sun-Hyung Lee) and “Omma” (Jean Yoon) – Korean for “dad” and “mom” – along with their daughter Janet (Andrea Bang) and estranged son Jung (Simu Liu). Additional characters include Jung’s friend and co-worker Kimchee (Andrew Phung) and his manager Shannon (Nicole Power). The series is based on Ins Choi’s 2011 play of the same name.
The first season was filmed from June to August 2016 at Showline Studios in Toronto. It is produced by Thunderbird Films in conjunction with Toronto’s Soulpepper Theatre Company, with Lee and Yoon reprising their roles from the play. Scripts were created by Choi and Kevin White, who had previously written for Corner Gas.
The second season premiered on September 26, 2017. The show has been renewed for two more seasons.
In July 2018, the series became available to audiences outside of Canada when it debuted internationally on Netflix.”
Paul Sun-Hyung Lee who plays Mr. Kim is a pure comic acting genius if you ask me, as well as the rest of the cast is top notch. Actress Andrea Bang is terrific and kind of reminds me a little of Korean American San Francisco former City Supervisor and former SF mayoral candidate Jane Kim, especially in her mannerisms and fierceness (or at least her character).
Simu Liu plays a handsome and charming, if not so bright, Jung (which is kind of nice to see the anti-Model Minority). Andrew Phung is also terrifically funny & upbeat Jung’s roommate and sidekick. And I do like the fact that Nicole Power’s Shannon has a crush on Jung.
To be honest, I think it’s a lot funnier, more edgy than ‘Fresh Off the Boat’ and ‘Dr. Ken’, though I did like both those shows and could certainly relate to certain episodes a lot.
For those looking to catch Kim’s Convenience in its 3rd season, it’s coming to Netflix as soon as the regular season ends in Canada – on April 3rd, 2019 (at least for the U.S., U.K. and Australia).
Author JohnPosted on April 17, 2019 April 15, 2019 Categories Comedy, Entertainment, TVTags Andrea Bang, Andrew Phung, comedy, Ins Choi, Jean Yoon, Kim's Convenience, Netflix, Paul Sun-Hyung Lee, Simu LiuLeave a comment on Kim’s Convenience is HILARIOUS – Available on Netflix
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Harriet Taylor Mill
Harriet Taylor Mill, unknown painter, National Portrait Gallery, London
Harriet Taylor Mill (née Hardy; London, 8 October 1807 – Avignon, 3 November 1858[1]) was a British philosopher and women's rights advocate. Her extant corpus of writing can be found in The Complete Works of Harriet Taylor Mill.[2] She was married to John Stuart Mill[3], one of the pre-eminent thinkers of the 19th century.
1 Early life and first marriage
2 Marriage to Mill
3 Own work
Early life and first marriage[edit]
Harriet Hardy was born in 1807 in Walworth, south London to parents Harriet and Thomas Hardy, a surgeon.[4] Harriet was educated at home and expressed an early interest in writing poetry.[5]
She married her first husband, John Taylor, in 1826 at age 18. Together, they had three children: Herbert, Algernon, and Helen Taylor. In 1831 Harriet met John Stuart Mill. Their meeting was planned by the leader of Harriet's Unitarian Congregation.[6] John Taylor invited Mill to dinner because of his wife's mutual interest in women's rights.[7] Taylor was already not only writing poetry, but was interested in social reform, and had written a lengthy Life of William Caxton (which is more of a comprehensive history of the printed and written word) for the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. Around the time she met Mill, she was, or began, also writing a series of unpublished pieces on women's rights, ethics, toleration and marriage.[8]
Her friendship with Mill quickly blossomed.[4] Taylor was attracted to Mill, who treated her as an intellectual equal. Around eighteen months later, something made Taylor break off their friendship,[9] causing Mill to write her a passionate love letter in French (the only piece of correspondence we have from either for this period of their relationship) in which he refuses to accept her 'eternal adieu', and, although saying 'her wish is his command', insists 'her path and mine are separated, she says; but they can, they must, meet again'.[10] Evidently, she agreed, for they were soon closer than ever, exchanging a pair of lengthy essays, On Marriage, in 1833.[11]
In these essays, Taylor and Mill discuss the ethical questions of marriage, separation and divorce. Taylor insists that what needs to be done to 'rais[e] the condition of women' is 'to remove all interference with affection, or with anything which is, or which even might be supposed to be, demonstrative of affection'.[12] She criticises the fact that 'women are educated for one single object, to gain their living by marrying'; that 'to be married is the object of their existence'; and 'that object being gained they do really cease to exist as to anything worth calling life or any useful purpose'.[13] She also criticises the hypocrisy and unfairness of the fact that any girl who is seen as 'suitable' for marriage is – because only virgins are seen as suitable – by that very fact completely ignorant as to what marriage entails.[14] She argues for rights to divorce, asking 'who would wish to have the person without the inclination?'.[15]
Going against the prevailing view that she was rather anti-sex, Taylor says that though 'certain it is that there is equality in nothing now – all the pleasure...being men's, and all the disagreeables and pains being women's', it is equally certain that 'pleasure would be infinitely heightened both in kind and degree by the perfect equality of the sexes'.[16] She adds, 'Sex in its true and finest meaning, seems to be the way in which is manifested all that is highest, best and beautiful in the nature of human beings – none but poets have approached to the perception of the beauty of the material world – still less of the spiritual – and there never yet existed a poet except by the inspiration of that feeling which is the perception of beauty in all forms and by all means which are given us, as well as by sight'.[17] She ends the essay by saying 'It is for you' (i.e. Mill) 'the most worthy apostle of all the loftiest virtues – to teach such as may be taught, that the higher the kind of enjoyment, the greater the degree',[18] and it is noteworthy that Mill is known, in his much-later essay Utilitarianism, for introducing the concept of differences in the quality of pleasures to a previously quantitative 'hedonic calculus' inherited from Jeremy Bentham.
In late September, or early October, 1833, Taylor's husband agreed to a trial separation. She went to Paris where, after what appears to have been an initial onset of cold feet regarding the possible repercussions of such a move for his, and her, reputation, Mill joined her.[19] Despite evidently being extremely happy there with Mill, Taylor was conscience-stricken regarding her husband, keenly feeling the pain, and possible public humiliation, she was putting him through. Eventually, she decided to return to London, and her husband, yet by the summer of 1834 Harriet was living in her own house in Keston Heath.[20] Mill visited Harriet frequently at her house in Keston Heath and travelled with her and sometimes her children throughout the next two decades.
Marriage to Mill[edit]
After John Taylor died in 1849, Taylor and Mill waited two years before marrying in 1851. Taylor was hesitant to create greater scandal than the pair already had. Mill's marriage proposal reflected his model of equality.[21] She wrote a number of essays, including several joint-authored pieces with Mill on domestic violence[22] and The Enfranchisement of Women, published in 1851.[23][24][25]
Own work[edit]
Harriet began publishing her works when she was pregnant with her third child, Helen. She provided a variety of literature for the Unitarian journal Monthly Repository and "Enfranchisement of Women".[4] Though she made many contributions over the years, little of her own work was published under her own name during her lifetime. She was the co-author of several newspaper articles on domestic violence published anonymously in the Morning Chronicle, Daily News, and Sunday Times in the 1840s.[26] She read and commented on all the material produced by John Stuart Mill. In his autobiography, Mill claimed Harriet as the joint author of most of the books and articles published under his name. He added, "when two persons have their thoughts and speculations completely in common it is of little consequence, in respect of the question of originality, which of them holds the pen." The debate about the nature and extent of her collaboration is ongoing.[27]
A letter written by Mill in 1854 suggests the attribution of credit goes both ways for her and John Stuart Mill; "I shall never be satisfied unless you allow our best book, the book which is to come, to have our two names on the title page. It ought to be so with everything I publish, for the better half of it all is yours". There is speculation that this indicates some reluctance on her part, potentially in response to a philosophical text published by Mill only or as a coauthored work, but this evidence as well as John Stuart Mill's comments on collaboration in his autobiography indicates the two worked as a pair for much of their work.[28]
J. S. Mill called her a valuable contributor to much of his work, especially On Liberty, which he later dedicated to her when it was published in 1859, a year after her death. She also contributed to Principles of Political Economy.[29][30][31]
Harriet Taylor Mill died in the Hotel d'Europe in Avignon, France, on 3 November 1858 after developing severe lung congestion. Jo Ellen Jacobs has argued that Mill's cause of death may have been syphilis contracted from her first husband.[32]
Upon her death, John Stuart Mill wrote:
“ Were I but capable of interpreting to the world one half the great thoughts and noble feelings which are buried in her grave, I should be the medium of a greater benefit to it, than is ever likely to arise from anything that I can write, unprompted and unassisted by her all but unrivalled wisdom.[33][34] ”
History of feminism
List of suffragists and suffragettes
Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom
^ Robson, Ann P. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/38051. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ See Mill, Harriet Taylor (1998), Jacobs, Jo Ellen (ed.), The Complete Works of Harriet Taylor Mill (1 ed.), Bloomington, Indiana: University of Indiana Press, retrieved 14 May 2015
^ See Hayek, F.A. (1951), John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor, Their Correspondence and Subsequent Marriage (1 ed.), Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press, retrieved 8 December 2012
^ a b c "Introduction." The Complete Works of Harriet Taylor Mill, by Jo Ellen Jacobs and Paula Harms Payne, Indiana University Press, 1998.
^ "History – Historic Figures: Harriet Taylor (1807–1858)". BBC. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
^ Miller, Dale E. (2015). Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2015 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.
^ Jo Ellen Jacobs, 'Chronology', The Complete Works of Harriet Taylor Mill, p.xlii
^ "Chronology" The Complete Works of Harriet Taylor Mill, by Jo Ellen Jacobs, Indiana University Press, 1998
^ Jo Ellen Jacobs, 'Chronology', p.xlii
^ Mill, Early Correspondence, CWXII, p.114. 'Sa route et la mienne sont s6par6es, elle l'a dit: mais elles peuvent, elles doivent, se rencontrer'
^ The date is not certain. Watermarks date to 1831 and 1832. However, Taylor quotes a poem by Tennyson ("Eleanore") which was only published in 1833.
^ Harriet Taylor, 'On Marriage', Complete Works of Harriet Taylor Mill, p. 21
^ Ibid., p. 22
^ Ibid
^ Ibid, p.23
^ See Mill's letters to Thomas Carlyle, and Taylor's letters to him. Mill, CW XII, pp. 180–185. The Voice of Harriet Taylor Mill. pp. 53–54.
^ The Voice of Harriet Taylor Mill, by Jo Ellen Jacobs, Indiana University Press, 2002, p 61
^ "Being about, if I am so happy as to obtain her consent, to enter into the marriage relation with the only woman I have ever known, with whom I would have entered into that state; & the whole character of the marriage relation as constituted by law being such as both she and I entirely & conscientiously disapprove, for this amongst other reasons, that it confers upon one of the parties to the contract, legal power & control over the person, property, & freedom of action of the other party, independent of her own wishes and will; I, having no means of legally divesting myself of these odious powers (as I most assuredly would do if an engagement to that effect could be made legally binding on me) feel it my duty to put on record a formal protest against the existing law of marriage, in so far as conferring such powers; and a solemn promise never in any case or under any circumstances to use them. And in the event of marriage between Mrs. Taylor and me I declare it to be my will and intention, & the condition of the engagement between us, that she retains in all respects whatever the same absolute freedom of action, & freedom of disposal of herself and of all that does or may at any time belong to her, as if no such marriage had taken place; and I absolutely disclaim & repudiate all pretension to have acquired any rights whatever by virtue of such marriage. 6th March 1851 J.S.Mill",The Voice of Harriet Taylor Mill, pp. 166–167.
^ The Complete Works of Harriet Taylor Mill Chapter 4.
^ The Complete Works of Harriet Taylor Mill. pp. 51–73.
^ Tong, Rosemarie (2009). Feminist Thought: A More Comprehensive Introduction. Westview Press (Perseus Books). p. 17. ISBN 978-0-8133-4375-4.
^ Mill, Mrs. John Stuart (1851). The Enfranchisement of Women (July 1851 ed.). London: Westminster & Foreign Quarterly Review. p. 27. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
^ The Complete Works of Harriet Taylor Mill, pp. 75–131.
^ http://plato.stanford.edu/search/searcher.py?query=harriet+taylor+mill
^ Mill, John Stuart. Autobiography. Henry Holt and Co.
^ The Voice of Harriet Taylor Mill, pp. 195–251
^ "Harriet Taylor". BBC History, Historic Figures. BBC.
^ Mill, John Stuart (1873). Autobiography (1873 first ed.). London: Longmans, Green, Reader & Dyer. pp. 251–252.
^ Mill, John Stuart (1859). On Liberty (1859 first ed.). London: John W. Parker. p. 6.
^ Harriet Mill Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Rossi, Alice S. (1970). Sentiment and Intellect: The Story of John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor Mill, in Rossi, Alice S. (Ed), Essays on Sex Equality. The University of Chicago Press.
http://harriettaylormill.com
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry
Catalogue of Harriet Taylor Mill's correspondence and other papers at the Archives Division of the London School of Economics.
Works by or about Harriet Taylor Mill in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
SNAC: w6960mj9
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harriet_Taylor_Mill&oldid=897667014"
19th-century British philosophers
English women philosophers
Feminist writers
English Unitarians
English philosophers
People from London
Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB
!!POLECAM!:
Do przejżenia: polityka, religia
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Crimeans Find a New Way to Protest Russian Occupation -- via the Census
Staunton, March 21 – There are many ways that the powerless can protest their status – jokes, indifference and contempt, among them. But some residents of Russian-occupied Crimea have come up with a new one – they’ve come up with some invented nationalities to show what they really think of their new Russian overlords.
The occupation authorities conducted the census last October but released the results only last week. Most people answered in conventional ways, although the Russian officials said that some did not want to answer any questions at all and others provided answers that suggest that they didn’t take the Russian measure at all seriously.
Among the “nationalities” some in Crimea declared were Elves, Hobbits, Goblins, Orcs, and Martians -- or “simply a human being” or “a resident of the world.” Others said they were Arians, Scythians or Novorossiyans. Moscow may not be unhappy with the latter, but it can hardly welcome the former (nazaccent.ru/content/15253-perepis-v-krymu-vyyavila-arijcev-skifov.html).
There are, of course, precedents for making such declarations. Small but statistically significant numbers of Russians made similar declarations in the 2002 and 2010 censuses in that country, apparently because they wanted to invoke their constitutional right to declare any nationality they want or not to declare one at all.
Indeed, for many in the Russian Federation, that right which has been trampled on by the Putin regime which wants to fix the nationalities of its subjects as tightly as possible is a terribly important one because it gives people a freedom they never had in Soviet times to decide who and what they are.
Now, some in Crimea are asserting the same right because they too want to be free, a status that the Russian occupation forces oppose and certainly have reason to fear. If the residents of Crimea refuse to fit in to the categories Moscow has established, Russian officials will have another problem that they don’t know how to cope with – except by force and lies.
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Fewest vehicles ever found eligible for Most American survey
Mon, 30 Jun 2014 16:30:00 EST
Once again, the most American car on the market is from an American brand. The Ford F-150 retained its number one spot in Cars.com's annual survey of the most American vehicles, trumping the Toyota Camry, which remains at number two.
Ford taking the top spot is small consolation, though, as the Detroit Three aren't too well represented here. General Motors scored a win at number seven, with the Chevrolet Corvette, while Chrysler squeaked in at number ten, with the Dodge Viper. Outside of those three vehicles, Toyota and Honda dominate the top ten.
What's most remarkable, though, is that there were so few cars available for this year's list.
"Only ten cars were eligible for the American-Made Index this year. That's the fewest in the study's nine-year history. In 2013, 14 cars met the threshold, 20 in 2012 and 30 cars the year before that," said Patrick Olsen, Editor-In-Chief of Cars.com. "This consistent decline points to global nature of cars these days. Production in the US is up, but parts are coming from all over the world, making the notion of classifying cars as 'American' more difficult than ever."
In addition to the smaller batch of cars, the bottom four (Corvette, Honda Ridgeline, Honda Crosstour and Viper) are all first timers for the Most American study.
How did these results develop, though? Well, in addition to their final assembly location, Cars.com takes into account parts content, eliminating cars with a parts distribution below 75 percent American. All cars must be built in the US, while discontinued models need to have a US-built successor heading to market.
Take a look below for the full press release and list of winners from Cars.com.
Ford F-150 Ranks "Most American" In Annual Cars.com American-Made Index
Fewest Cars Eligible in Index's Nine-Year History
CHICAGO, June 30, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- Cars.com, the premier online resource for buying and selling new and used cars, today released its annual American-Made Index, with the Ford F-150 taking the top spot for the second year in a row. The ranking takes into account three factors to determine how "American" cars are, including domestic-parts content[1] (percentage of a vehicle's parts considered to be "domestic," meaning built in the U.S. or Canada), final assembly point, and overall vehicle sales.
"We uncovered a pretty remarkable phenomenon when compiling this year's list," said Patrick Olsen, Cars.com Editor-in-Chief. "Only 10 cars were eligible for the American-Made Index this year. That's the fewest in the study's nine-year history. In 2013, 14 cars met the threshold, 20 in 2012 and 30 cars the year before that. This consistent decline points to global nature of cars these days. Production in the U.S. is up, but parts are coming from all over the world, making the notion of classifying cars as 'American' more difficult than ever."
While the top two spots on the index remain the same from previous years, the bottom of the list introduces four models that are first-timers to the Index. Additionally, this year's index leans heavily towards foreign automakers, which fill seven of the top 10 spots.
"This is a drastic shift from the past," said Olsen. "For several years, there was a pretty even split between domestic and foreign automakers on the list. For the past two years, three GM crossovers made up about 30 percent of the list, however they've dropped below the requisite domestic parts content and, as a result, Toyota and Honda really dominate."
Rank Make/Model Manufacturer U.S. Assembly Location(s) Rank in 2013
1 Ford F-150 Ford Dearborn, Mich.; Claycomo, Mo. 1
2 Toyota Camry Toyota Georgetown, Ky.; Lafayette, Ind. 2
3 Honda Odyssey Honda Lincoln, Ala. 4
4 Toyota Sienna Toyota Princeton, Ind. 5
5 Toyota Tundra Toyota San Antonio, Texas 7
6 Toyota Avalon Toyota Georgetown, Ky. 10
7 Chevrolet Corvette General Motors Bowling Green, Ky. -
8 Honda Ridgeline Honda Lincoln, Ala. -
9 Honda Crosstour Honda East Liberty, Ohio -
10 Dodge SRT Viper Chrysler Detroit, Mich. -
"The top spot on the American-Made Index has gone back and forth between the Ford F-150 and Toyota Camry for several years," said Olsen. "This year's ranking showed little change to the top of the list with the F-150 and Camry continuing to take the top spots thanks to strong sales for both models and no change in their domestic-parts content. This is the second year in a row that the F-150 is being considered the 'Most American' vehicle and its fifth time in the number one spot since the index was created nine years ago."
For full results, additional content and more information about the 2014 American-Made Index, visit www.cars.com or blogs.cars.com.
ABOUT THE AMERICAN-MADE INDEX
Cars.com's American-Made Index rates vehicles built and bought in the U.S. Factors include the percentage of parts considered domestic under federal regulations, whether the car is assembled in the U.S. and U.S. sales. We disqualify models with a domestic parts content rating below 75 percent, models built exclusively outside the U.S. or models soon to be discontinued without a U.S.-built successor.
Cars.com is an award-recognized online destination for car shoppers that offers information from experts and consumers to help buyers formulate opinions on what to buy, where to buy and how much to pay for a car. Cars.com offers thousands of new and used vehicle listings, expert and consumer reviews, side-by-side comparison and build and price tools, photo galleries, videos, unbiased editorial content and many other resources. As the 2013 "Highest Ranked Third-Party Automotive Mobile Site" by J.D. Power, Cars.com puts millions of car buyers in control of their shopping process with the information they need to make stress-free buying decisions. Launched in June 1998, Cars.com is a division of Classified Ventures LLC, which is owned by leading media companies, including A.H. Belo (NYSE: AHC), Gannett Co., Inc. (NYSE: GCI), The McClatchy Company (NYSE: MNI), Tribune Company (OTC:TRBAA) and The Washington Post Company (NYSE: WPO).
By Brandon Turkus
See also: Toyota asking NHTSA for fuel cell car safety exemption regarding electric shocks, Ford rolls out diesel Focus ST at Goodwood [w/poll], 2015 Ford Mustang will tell authorities how you crashed and if you were belted [w/video].
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Exhibition: The Art of Seating: 200 Years of American Design
6/1/2019 - 9/8/2019 (more information)
Designed and Manufactured by Vivian Beer (b. 1977), Penland, NC
Current, 2004
Photo by Douglas J. Eng
Exhibition: Jay Heikes
Jay Heikes (American, born 1975)
Mother Sky, 2018
oil on canvas, 47 1/8 x 65 1/8 in.
Courtesy the artist and Marianne Boesky Gallery, New York and Aspen, © Jay Heikes. Photo credit: Object Studies
Exhibition: Garth Williams: Illustrator of the Century
5/4/2019 - 8/11/2019 (more information)
Cover for Home for a Bunny, 1956
gouache and watercolor on illustration board
© Garth Williams
www.joslyn.org
Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday, Saturday, 10 am - 4 pm
Thursday, 10 am - 8 pm
Sunday, 10 am - 4 pm
Closed Mondays and major holidays*
Hours may change for special exhibitions.
Joslyn Art Museum's Peter Kiewit Foundation Sculpture Garden is open year-round from 7 am to 11 pm each day, and admission is free.
Admission Prices:
General Museum Admission: Free
Additional charge for some special exhibition
Café Durham
Enjoy a delicious meal or light refreshments in the beautiful sunlit atmosphere of Joslyn's Café Durham, located in the Museum's atrium.
Hitchcock Museum Shop
Docent-guided tours are offered Wednesdays at 1 pm, Saturdays at 10:30 am, Sundays at 1 pm, and select Thursdays at 6:30 pm. Check the Calendar of Events to confirm tour offerings. Most tours are included in free general Museum admission. Tours of ticketed exhibitions require ticket purchase.
Joslyn Art Museum collects, preserves, and interprets the visual arts of the highest quality, fostering appreciation and enjoyment of art for the benefit of a diverse audience.
To be cherished and respected as a premier art museum.
Nebraska's Largest Art Museum (More about Joslyn's history)
Joslyn Art Museum showcases art from ancient times to the present. The Museum was a gift to the people of Omaha from Sarah Joslyn in memory of her husband, George, who made his fortune as president of the Western Newspaper Union. The Museum’s original 1931 building is one of the finest examples of Art Deco architecture in the nation, with 38 types of marble from seven countries. The Walter and Suzanne Scott Pavilion, a 58,000-square-foot addition built in 1994, was designed by renowned British architect Norman Foster as his first U.S. commission. The Museum features galleries, a 1,000–seat concert hall, fountain court, education technology gallery, lecture hall, classrooms, sculpture garden, café, shop, and Art Works, an interactive space for art exploration (new in 2014).
The Art of Seating: 200 Years of American Design
Jay Heikes
Garth Williams: Illustrator of the Century
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SAMER HILMI ABDULLATIF AL-BARQ
Jayyous
Date of Arrest:
Qalqilya
Date of birth: 13 December 1974
Place of residence: Jayyous-Qalqilya
Occupation: Science Teacher
Date of arrest: 11 July 2010
Place of detention: Ramleh prison medical clinic
Number of administrative detention orders: 7
Expected end of current detention order: 22 November 2012
Click here to view this profile as PDF.
On 29 August 2012, Samer Al-Barq entered his 100th day of renewed hunger strike. This follows his previous 30-day hunger strike, which began on 15 April 2012 and ended upon the conclusion of Palestinian prisoners’ mass hunger strike on 14 May.
In 1995 Samer travelled to Pakistan where he completed a master’s degree in medical analysis at Karachi University. Upon completion he began working as a science teacher at a Karachi school. However, in late 2002, concern mounted when his family was unable to contact him. Eventually they received a phone call from Samer, who had travelled to Jordan in 2003 and he informed his family that he had been detained in prison for eight by months by Jordanian intelligence. Samer was released after this initial period of eight months, but for only two days before being rearrested. At this time, Samer spent four and a half years in Jordanian prisons, three of which were spent in isolation. Samer was never tried or charged with any offense while in Jordanian custody.
Samer was eventually released in January 2008 and then settled in Jordan where he began working in a medical laboratory, while he wife joined him from Pakistan. During this time Jordanian intelligence continued to target Samer and subjected him to intensive interrogation which lasted for periods of a few days to a number of months. His last detention lasted from April 2010 to 11 July 2010.
On 11 July 2010 Samer was brought by Jordanian intelligence to Allenby Bridge, the border crossing between Jordan and the occupied Palestinian territory, where he was handed over to Israeli Occupying Forces (IOF). Samer was then taken to Ofer Prison, near Ramallah, where an Israeli military court issued him with an administrative detention order. As a result, Samer has been held for almost 800 days - without trial or charge – based on secret information.
ADMINISTRATIVE DETENTION AND HUNGER STRIKE
Since Samer’s arrest on 11 July 2010, he has received 7 administrative detention orders. As with all other administrative detainees, Samer’s detention is based on secret information collected by Israeli authorities and available to the military judge but not to Samer or his lawyer. This practice violates international humanitarian law, which permits some limited use of administrative detention in emergency situations, but requires that the authorities follow basic rules for detention, including a fair hearing at which the detainee can challenge the reasons for his or her detention. These minimum rules of due process have been clearly violated in Samer’s case, leaving him without any legitimate means to defend himself.
The continued use of administrative detention against Samer forced him to launch a hunger strike two days before the Palestinian prisoner’s mass hunger strike, which began on 17 April 2012. During the mass hunger strike, about 2,000 prisoners demanded an end to the use of long-term isolation; an improvement in detention conditions; an end to the ban of family visits especially for prisoners from Gaza (who were banned from visits since June 2007); and an end to the policy of administrative detention. This mass hunger strike ended on 14 May when an agreement was reached between the hunger strikers’ committee and the Israeli Prison Service (IPS), with Egyptian mediation. According to members of the hunger strikers’ committee, the agreement included a provision that would limit the use of administrative detention to exceptional circumstances and that those held under administrative detention at the time of the agreement would not have their orders renewed.
Nevertheless, even immediately following the end of the hunger strike, new administrative detention orders were issued and many administrative detention orders were renewed, including for Samer. Just one week after the end of the hunger strike, Samer received a new administrative detention order for a period of three months. Following the failure of the IPS to fulfil its obligations under the agreement by renewing Samer’s administrative detention order, on 21 May 2012 Samer resumed his hunger strike.
On his 9th day of renewed hunger strike, Samer was transferred from Ofer prison to Ramleh prison clinic as a result of his deteriorating health, where he currently remains. Independent doctors from Physicians for Human Rights-Israel (PHR-I) have largely been denied access to Samer and the other hunger strikers. On his 59th day of hunger strike, a PHR-I lawyer visited Samer and Samer reported that his health had severely deteriorated. He noted that three weeks prior, his heart rate had dropped to 35 beats per minute, which is an alarming and life-threatening state.
He was then transferred to Assaf Harofeh Hospital for one night, during which he was shackled by three limbs to the hospital bed. Samer also reported that the IPS had been threatening him with force-treatment or force-feeding if he did not break his hunger strike. At the time, he was suffering from vertigo, drastic weight loss and involuntary shivering and coldness in his legs, symptoms that may indicate peripheral nerve damage. Samer also suffers from both kidney problems and a previous injury to his leg, both of which need constant medical attention. As a result of both hunger strikes there has been a critical drop in his blood sugar levels and he also has high blood pressure.
Samer and fellow hunger striker Hassan Safadi have also been subjected to severe mistreatment by the IPS. On 5 August, Samer reported to Addameer lawyer Fares Ziad that he was transferred from Ramleh to Ofer military court on 31 July by IPS special forces, or Nahshon, known for their particularly brutal treatment of prisoners during transfers. During this transfer, the special forces ordered him to walk, and when he told them that he could not, they beat him on his legs. They eventually brought him a wheelchair but did not help him, so he was forced to crawl to the chair and wheel it himself.
Samer and Hassan were also put together in an isolation cell in Ramleh, which is only about 1.5 by 1.8 meters in size, with no windows or ventilation. Furthermore, there is no space in the room for the wheelchair that is being used by both hunger strikers for everyday activities, including the use of shower and toilet. After Hassan protested these conditions and treatment, he and Samer were both beaten. In a visit by a PHR-IL doctor on 2 August, the doctor reported that Samer’s health would only continue to deteriorate.
An even more violent attack was made against the two hunger strikers on 13 August. At approximately 9:00 am, IPS guards entered the isolation room that the two hunger strikers share and announced their intentions to move them to a room with other prisoners in the medical clinic who are not on hunger strike. Samer and Hassan refused the transfer, as they considered it an attempt to further pressure them to break their hunger strikes by surrounding them with individuals who would be regularly eating in front of them.
After refusing to be moved, the Israeli prison guards attacked both Samer and Hassan. During the attack, Hassan’s head was slammed against the iron door of the cell two times, causing him to fall to the ground, unconscious. Prison guards then dragged him through the hall to be seen by all the other prisoners. Later that night, at around 10:00 pm, Samer and Hassan were taken to a new isolation room with no mattresses. In a visit with an Addameer lawyer on 27 August, fellow hunger striker Ayman Sharawna reported that he was also being held in the isolation cell with Hassan and Samer.
Despite his deteriorating medical condition, Samer’s administrative order was once again renewed for another three months on 22 August. He was taken again to Assah Harofeh hospital on 27 August. As of August 29, Samer entered his 100th day of renewed hunger strike, following his previous strike of 30 days, making him only the second Palestinian prisoner in history to reach this stage of hunger strike.
SAMER’S FAMILY
Samer’s wife, Sajida, is originally from Pakistan. She returned to Pakistan after Samer’s detention by Israeli forces. She has not been allowed to visit him since his arrest in July 2010 under the pretext that the IOF do not allow the entry of foreigners who hold a citizenship of countries that do not recognize Israel. Samer is longing to see his wife and family and is looking forward to granting his mothers wish to go on the Hajj together. Samer’s family support his hunger strike unconditionally and call on the international community to work for the release of Samer and all Palestinian prisoners who remain in Israeli jails. They are dismayed by the lack of access to him, including denial of doctor and lawyer visits, and are deeply saddened by the low attention towards his very urgent condition in both local and international spheres.
Administrative detention is a procedure that allows the Israeli military to hold detainees indefinitely on secret information without charging them or allowing them to stand trial. In the occupied Palestinian West Bank, the Israeli army is authorized to issue administrative detention orders against Palestinian civilians on the basis of Military Order 1651. This order empowers military commanders to detain an individual for up to six month renewable periods if they have “reasonable grounds to presume that the security of the area or public security require the detention.” On or just before the expiry date, the detention order is frequently renewed. This process can be continued indefinitely.
For more information about administrative detention and Addameer’s Campaign to Stop Administrative Detention see:
http://www.addameer.org/admin_detention.php.
Read Addameer’s report on administrative detention:
Administrative Detention in the Occupied Palestinian Territory: A Legal Analysis Report, updated July 2010. See: http://www.addameer.org/files/Reports/administrative-detention-analysis-report-final.pdf
Here is how you can help Samer Al-Barq:
*Write to the Israeli government, military and legal authorities and demand that Samer Al-Barq be released immediately and his administrative detention order not be renewed.
Brigadier General Danny Efroni
Military Judge Advocate General
6 David Elazar Street
Harkiya, Tel Aviv
Fax: +972 3 608 0366; +972 3 569 4526
Email: arbel@mail.idf.il; avimn@idf.gov.il
Maj. Gen. Nitzan Alon
OC Central Command Nehemia Base, Central Command
Neveh Yaacov, Jerusalam
Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defense Ehud Barak
37 Kaplan Street, Hakirya
Tel Aviv 61909, Israel
Fax: +972 3 691 6940 / 696 2757
Col. Eli Bar On
Legal Advisor of Judea and Samaria PO Box 5
Beth El 90631
*Write to your own elected representatives urging them to pressure Israel to release Samer Al-Barq and to put an end to such an unjust, arbitrary and cruel system of incarceration without trial.
ARAFAT MUDAR MOHAMMAD D...
RAMI BASEM SHAFIQ SHELB...
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Another Opioid Scourge: Infection-Related Strokes
WEDNESDAY, Jan. 30, 2019 (HealthDay News) -- As abuse of injected heroin and other addictive opioids spreads throughout the United States, heart experts warn of a growing threat: strokes caused by infections contracted through dirty needles.
"People need to be more aware that stroke can be a devastating complication of injecting opioids," said the lead author of a new study, Dr. Setareh Salehi Omran. She's a fellow in vascular neurology at the Weill Cornell Medical Center and Columbia University Medical Center in New York City.
Reporting this week at the annual meeting of the American Stroke Association, Omran's team said the rate of hospitalizations for stroke rose 20 percent per year between 2008 and 2015, coinciding with the worsening of the opioid epidemic.
As the researchers explained, injecting heroin or other opioids can enable bacteria to get into the body. These germs then travel via the bloodstream to infect and inflame heart valves -- a dangerous condition called infective endocarditis.
Looking at U.S. data on hospitalizations between 1993 and 2015, the researchers identified nearly 5,300 patients hospitalized with stroke from opioid-related infective endocarditis. These cases have risen steadily: from 2.4 per 10 million people in 1993 to 18.8 per 10 million people in 2015, the findings showed.
Once infective endocarditis occurs, clumps of infected tissue can break off and travel to the brain's blood vessels and block them, triggering stroke.
These types of stroke have become more common in recent years, Omran's team said, with the largest increase among whites in the northeastern and southern United States.
Stroke hospitalizations rose among Americans of all ages and genders, but the greatest increases over the past decade have occurred among women and people younger than 45, the study authors said.
All of this "parallels the rise in heroin overdose-related complications and deaths, which tripled between 2010 and 2015," Omran noted in a meeting news release.
Two doctors who've seen these tragic cases firsthand agreed there's cause for alarm.
"This study is a wake-up call," said neurologist and stroke expert Dr. Richard Libman.
"These types of strokes can be devastating," added Libman, who helps direct neurology at Long Island Jewish Medical Center in New Hyde Park, N.Y.
"Antibiotics are sometimes useful for the prevention of recurrent stroke, but at other times, antibiotics are insufficient and these patients may require major cardiac surgery to prevent recurrent stroke," he said.
Dr. Nicole Berwald directs emergency medicine at Staten Island University Hospital in New York City. She believes opioid abuse is lowering the age at which stroke typically hits.
"Emergency medicine physicians are on the front lines of stroke care," Berwald said, and "we are [now] looking at a younger patient population than that with the usual health problems typically associated with stroke."
What to do? According to Omran, "efforts to minimize prescription opioid abuse are important in addressing this public health problem, since the highly addictive nature of opioids can lead some people to turn to cheaper alternatives, such as injectable opioids like heroin."
The study was also published Jan. 30 in the journal Stroke.
The American Heart Association has more on infective endocarditis.
SOURCES: Richard Libman, M.D., vice chair, neurology, Long Island Jewish MedicalCenter, New Hyde Park, N.Y.; Nicole Berwald, M.D., chair, emergency medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, New York City; American Stroke Association, news release, Jan. 30, 2019
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[Home] [Databases] [World Law] [Multidatabase Search] [Help] [Feedback]
England and Wales High Court (Administrative Court) Decisions
You are here: BAILII >> Databases >> England and Wales High Court (Administrative Court) Decisions >> A & Ors, R (on the application of) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2006] EWHC 526 (Admin) (22 March 2006)
URL: http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Admin/2006/526.html
Cite as: [2006] EWHC 526 (Admin)
[New search] [View without highlighting] [Printable RTF version] [Help]
Neutral Citation Number: [2006] EWHC 526 (Admin)
Case Nos: CO/6595/2005
CO/6710/2005
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE
QUEEN'S BENCH DIVISION
ADMINISTRATIVE COURT
Royal Courts of Justice
Strand, London, WC2A 2LL
B e f o r e :
Mr Justice Collins
R(A): (H) & (AH)
Claimant
Secretary of State for the Home Department
Mr Raza Husain (instructed by The Refugee Legal Centre) for the Claimants
Mr Robin Tam & Mr S Grodzinski (instructed by Treasury Solicitor) for the Defendant
Hearing dates: 7 – 8 March 2006
HTML VERSION OF JUDGMENT
Crown Copyright ©
Mr Justice COLLINS :
These three claims have been heard together since each raises the same question, namely what is the effect of the decision of the Court of Appeal in R(Rashid) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2005] EWCA Civ 744? Each claimant is an Iraqi national of Kurdish ethnicity who lived in the part of Iraq which, following the Gulf war in 1991, remained under the control of Saddam Hussein. The north of Iraq, broadly speaking, an area north of the 36th Parallel, was designated the Kurdish Autonomous Zone (KAZ) following the adoption of UN Security Council Resolution 688. Between 1992 and 1996, there was armed conflict between rival factions for control in the KAZ. By 1999 there was a degree of stability.
Saddam Hussein's regime was extremely repressive and there was hostility towards and discrimination against Kurds on the ground of their ethnicity. They were detained and subjected to torture or other serious ill-treatment, whether or not they were suspected for good reason of anti-government activities or sentiments. So it was that a number came to this country and sought asylum here. The three claimants were among that number. A and AH arrived here in June 2001 and H in August 2002. Each asserted that he had been seriously ill-treated and feared that he would be persecuted on return, not only because of what had happened to him to make him leave but because, if returned having failed to establish an asylum claim, he would be persecuted on that account. Thus, even if not entitled to be regarded as a refugee by virtue of what he said had occurred in Iraq, he would, it was submitted, be a refugee sur place.
There were others who came to this country seeking asylum who were living in the KAZ. There were two main factions in power in the KAZ, with a third which had fewer adherents. Each was hostile to the others and that hostility spilled over into ill-treatment to those who were of a different political persuasion. One or other of the two main factions controlled their own halves of the KAZ, with the third faction having its sphere of influence between the two. Many of those coming from the KAZ were regarded as economic migrants and their claims to asylum or, after October 2000, to be allowed to remain because to return them would breach their human rights, were rejected.
So long as Saddam Hussein remained in control in what has been called the Government Controlled Area (GCA), it was not possible to return anyone to the KAZ since the only route which could be used was through Baghdad. For obvious reasons, this meant that any Kurdish asylum seeker was not returnable. Those from the KAZ who had their claims rejected were refused leave to enter or to remain here. By October 2000, it was believed that enforced returns to the KAZ of those who had come from the KAZ might become possible (some voluntary returns had been effected through Turkey or Jordan). It was also the view of the Home Office that, if an individual's complaint was of persecution by the main party in charge in the part of the KAZ in which he lived because of his adherence to the other main party, he could relocate in safety to the part controlled by his chosen party.
It might have been supposed that those who came from the GCA could relocate in safety to the KAZ so that they did not qualify for asylum. That indeed was the view of many of the case workers who dealt with such cases. However, since 1991 there was a policy not to invoke internal relocation in such claims. There were various reasons for this, not least of which was the refusal by the KAZ authorities to accept any returnees other than those who had lived in the KAZ or had families there. There was also the problem of getting them to the KAZ. That policy remained in being until early 2003 when, because of the invasion of Iraq and the removal of Saddam Hussein, the situation changed radically and most of those who thereafter sought asylum failed to establish that they needed surrogate protection and, it was believed, there would shortly be and has now been a possibility of enforced removal.
The problem, which was identified in Rashid, was that this policy seems to have been unknown to and so ignored by caseworkers, Home Office Presenting Officers (HOPOs) who represented the defendant before the appellate authority, the Treasury Solicitor and counsel instructed by her. Thus any who would have qualified as refugees but for the possibility of internal relocation should have been recognised to be refugees. Since the practice was to grant Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR) rather than a leave which was to last only so long as the individual remained a refugee, those who received it are entitled to remain here even though, because of the change of circumstances in Iraq, they are no longer refugees.
Rashid was heard by the Court of Appeal in June 2005. The policy had existed since 1991 and by February 2003, at the latest, its existence was known, certainly to the Treasury Solicitor. On 12 March 2003, a letter was written by the Refugee Legal centre, who were representing Mr Rashid, to the Treasury Solicitor's representatives dealing with his claim which stated:
"I enclose a copy of a letter dated 6 March 2003 from your colleague Sarah Townsend to … solicitors concerning the case of A. That case was due to be heard next week by the Court of Appeal together with M and K. Ms Townsend's letter … states:-
'Although the Secretary of State remains of the view that the Tribunal's determination [in A] is correct as a matter of law, he was not, as a matter of policy at the time of this case, relying on the availability of relocation from southern Iraq to the KAZ. Accordingly the Secretary of State will shortly be writing to your client granting him refugee status and would therefore invite you to withdraw your appeal.'
I understand that M, also an Iraqi Kurd from [the GCA], was also recognised as a refugee last week on the same basis as A."
Notwithstanding this, when Rashid was heard by the Court of Appeal, the defendant was unable to produce any explanation to the court why the policy had not been applied and was apparently unknown to those who dealt with the relevant claims. Not surprisingly, the RLC has been pressing the defendant to produce the necessary explanation since August 2005, when the claims of A and H were lodged. A's claim came before me on 26 August 2005 when Mr Husain attempted to persuade me to make an order that no returns should be made to Iraq at least until the effect of Rashid was determined. I was not prepared to do this because I did not think there was jurisdiction to make such an order (although I did not hear full argument – that being unnecessary given the view I expressed). I did say this:
"… [It] would clearly be wrong to seek to return anyone who falls within this group [i.e. Kurds from the GCA whose claims were dealt with before March 2003] … until that matter [i.e. the effect of Rashid] is sorted out and to detain them and put them up for removal in the hope that they might not claim judicial review is frankly improper, is it not? "
To this, Mr Grodzinski said:
"My Lord, those behind me will have noted your Lordship's comments."
In the case of AH, on 15 September 2005 the RLC wrote to the defendant seeking confirmation that he would not be detained with a view to removal until the issue had been sorted out. No such confirmation was forthcoming, despite what I had said on 26 August, and so the claim in his case was lodged on 6 October 2005.
No evidence was forthcoming from the defendant despite requests and it being long overdue under the relevant CPR Rules. This led to an application to me and on 18 February 2006 I directed that unless the evidence upon which he sought to rely and detailed grounds were served within 14 days, the defendant would be debarred from relying on any evidence unless the court was persuaded that there were very good reasons to admit it. On 28 February 2006 the evidence was served, consisting of a long statement with exhibits from Mr Andrew Saunders, an assistant director in the Asylum and Appeals Policy Directorate, who has had responsibility for the management of Country policy since June 2000. Part of his responsibility was to oversee the production of policy documents known as Operational Guidance Notes (OGN) which were intended to provide guidance to case workers and others dealing with individual cases. In the process of producing these OGNs, he had to inform himself of the Immigration and Nationality Directorate's (IND) policies in relation to specific countries. I shall have to consider his account of what was produced in relation to Iraq in more detail in the course of this judgment.
Apart from the policy that internal relocation to the KAZ should not be relied on to defeat an asylum claim, it was recognised that Kurds fleeing from the GCA would be entitled to refugee status or at least would need subsidiary protection, usually in the form of Exceptional Leave to Remain (ELR). In paragraph 24 of his statement, Mr Saunders says:
"Following Iraq's defeat during the 1991 Gulf war, serious unrest took place in Iraq. Uprisings in the south of the country were crushed by Saddam Hussein and the human rights situation was such that Iraqi asylum seekers from south and central Iraq [i.e. the GCA] were, as far as I am aware, always able to establish either a valid claim under the Refugee Convention or a need for subsidiary protection (such as ELR) arising from factors such as the severe penalties which Saddam imposed on those who had left Iraq illegally. The position in practice was therefore similar to that which would have prevailed if there had been a formal country-specific ELR policy (namely that, with a few exceptions, all those who did not qualify for refugee status would be granted ELR), although there was never a formal country-specific policy in the case of such Iraqi claims. "
Whether what was there indicated is to be labelled a policy or a practice seems to me to be immaterial. Whatever it is called, it should have been applied to all Kurds who sought asylum and were from the GCA.
In the circumstances, Mr Tam conceded that, had the practice or policy been applied as it should have been, A and H should have been accorded refugee status and so granted ILR. AH should (as I assume in the light of Mr Saunders's statement) have been granted ELR (since at the time of the decision he was not regarded as having established an entitlement to refugee status). The practice at the time was to grant ELR for 4 years. It was further (and remains) the practice or policy to grant ILR to an applicant who had, without any contraventions of the law, remained here for 4 years in accordance with his ELR. Thus, it is submitted, each of the claimants should now be granted ILR, A and H because they ought to have been granted it when their applications were considered before March 2003 and AH because he should then have been granted at least 4 years ELR which would, had he been able to apply, have resulted in ILR.
Until the defendant's evidence was received, the claimants' advisers were not aware of the policy or practice to grant 4 years ELR. Accordingly, I was asked by Mr Husain to give leave to amend the claim in the case of AH to seek ILR on the basis that he should have been granted ELR. Mr Tam, perhaps somewhat surprisingly, said that he was not able to confirm that the practice had been as Mr Saunders appeared to indicate and asked leave to adduce further evidence if it transpired that the assumption that 4 years ELR should have been granted was wrong. I indicated that I would assume that that was the position if I decided in favour of the claimants in principle but I would in those circumstances give him time to produce evidence to contradict that assumption, in which case further argument would be needed. Since it has been conceded that A and H were entitled to ILR because they should have been regarded as refugees, that amendment was unnecessary in their cases.
I should now set out the material facts of the individual claims.
(1) A
(a) A was born on 1 January 1973. He lived in Kirkuk in the GCA and in June 1991 was arrested because he had been involved in the uprising following the end of the Gulf war. He was detained for some 6 months during which he suffered torture. In 1999 he opened a printing shop in Kirkuk and to get the necessary licence he had to undertake never to print anything critical of the government. The business was successful. In May 2001 he had been away on a purchasing trip in Baghdad when he was told by his family that his partner and staff had been arrested and his shop closed because it had been discovered that his partner, an opponent of the regime, had printed anti-government material. His father was arrested as a bait to get him to show himself, but he escaped and came to the United Kingdom.
(b) On 27 August 2002 his application was refused. The decision letter was poor and was rightly criticised by the adjudicator who heard his appeal as being largely fallacious and unjustified in its reasoning. The adjudicator allowed the claimant's appeal, albeit the HOPO had argued that he could relocate to the KAZ, on the basis that, following a decision of the I.A.T. in Maghdeed [2002] UKIAT 03631, the KAZ was incapable of qualifying as a place of alternative protection. That decision applied observations of Keene LJ in Gardi v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2002] 1 WLR 2755. The Court of Appeal had had no jurisdiction to hear that appeal since it should have gone to the Court of Session in Scotland and so those observations are not binding. In any event, I am satisfied they were wrong. They were based on the belief, following arguments raised by Professor Hathaway that:-
"The very structure of the Convention requires that the protection will be provided not by some legally unaccountable entity with de facto control, but rather by a government capable of assuming and being held responsible under international law for its actions."
(c) This depends on construing the words 'unable … or unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country' to mean that there must be protection provided by an entity capable of granting nationality to a person in a form recognised internationally – see Paragraph 37 of Gardi. The contrary view, which I believe to be correct, is that a person can only qualify for refugee status if he is in need of surrogate protection since he cannot receive that protection within his own country. The only question to be answered is whether such protection exists within that country, however that protection is provided. If it is provided, it will be protection of that country. Any other construction would grant refugee status to those who do not need it. Since Maghdeed, other decisions of the Tribunal have reached a contrary and in my judgment the correct view. I should add that I have not heard argument on the point, in particular on the question of what 'protection' may mean for the purposes of the Refugee Convention.
(d) Notwithstanding the policy not to rely on internal relocation to the KAZ, the defendant sought and obtained leave to appeal to the I.A.T. and, following the grant of leave, for reasons which I confess I fail to understand, the I.A.T. saw fit to remit the case for a fresh hearing. By the time that took place in May 2004, the situation in Iraq had changed and so the adjudicator decided that, whatever had happened in the past when Saddam Hussein had been in power, there was then no risk of persecution. He correctly applied the decision in Ravichandran v Secretary of State for the Home Department [1996] Imm AR 97, which by then had received statutory blessing, that he had to consider the state of affairs at the time of the appeal.
(e) I should add that the claimant has a wife and son, who is now 13. Both have left Iraq and are living unlawfully in Iran. He has been kept from them now for nearly 5 years. Had he been granted ILR as a refugee, as should have happened, he would have been able to apply that they should join him here and there is no apparent reason why that application should not have succeeded. There is in addition medical evidence which confirms physical and psychological disabilities resulting from the ill-treatment he suffered in 1991.
(2) H
(a) H was born in January 1982. He was arrested in February 2002 having been seen reading a banned book. He was held until June 2002. Following his release, he was stopped and abused by a security officer. Two days later that officer was killed and the police raided his home because they believed he had been responsible. He had not, but he decided he must flee the country and so came to the United Kingdom and sought asylum.
(b) The refusal letter, which was dated 20 September 2002, asserted that the claim did not engage the Refugee Convention. In the light of the account given, which was not disputed, that assertion was clearly erroneous. He was targeted because it was believed he was an opponent of the regime and so, whether or not he had been involved in the killing of the officer, he would be at real risk of torture and possibly death if he returned.
(c) In Paragraph 7 of the letter, this was said:
"The Secretary of State considers that you have related your alleged fear of return only to certain areas within Iraq. Irrespective of his other comments regarding the merits of your claim, the Secretary of State considers that you do not qualify for recognition as a refugee. This is because there is a part of Iraq in which you do not have a well-founded fear of persecution and to which the Secretary of State considers it would be reasonable to expect to go."
This was contrary to the policy and should not have been relied on to defeat the asylum claim.
(d) Mr Tam therefore has inevitably and correctly accepted that H ought to have been accorded refugee status and so granted ILR. By the time his appeal was heard by an adjudicator in July 2003, Saddam Hussein had been deposed and so there was no further risk of persecution. His appeal was therefore dismissed.
(3) AH
(a) AH was born in August 1983. He claimed to have been arrested together with his family in November 1999 because his brother had been involved in an organisation of which Saddam Hussein's regime disapproved. He was ill-treated but was released after some 10 days. He remained fearful of action against him by Security forces so he fled to this country in June 2001. His claim to asylum was rejected initially largely because it was believed he was only avoiding military service and he had not attended for interview. That was not his fault since he had been dispersed by NASS and IND had not been informed of his new address, a far from uncommon example of one part of the Home Office not being informed of what another was doing. On 6 August 2001 he lodged an appeal, unaware that by virtue of the practice – Mr Tam told me it was not a policy, a subtle distinction which makes no practical difference – he should have received 4 years ELR if he was not a refugee. It seems the appeal was withdrawn: certainly it did not go ahead. This was because the Home Office, recognising that his failure to attend the interview was not his fault, had agreed to reconsider his claim following an interview.
(b) Despite the announced policy that interviews would be held within 2 months, it was not until 16 December 2002 that he was interviewed. On 22 February 2003, his claim was refused, but he was granted 6 months ELR. This was because on 20 February 2003 the practice had changed so that instead of 4 years only 6 months ELR was to be granted to Iraqi Kurds such as AH.
(c) The refusal of his asylum claim was because his account was disbelieved. The decision letter is one of the poorest I have seen and the reasons given for disbelieving the claimant are insupportable. In due course, a further claim was made when the ELR had expired, but that was refused, reasonably because of the change of circumstances in Iraq. An appeal to an adjudicator was dismissed in February 2005. The claimant's account was accepted, but there was by then no real risk of persecution on return.
The Court of Appeal in Rashid was singularly unimpressed with the defendant's conduct. No explanation was given to the court why the failure to apply the correct policy to the claimant had been persisted in for so long and why all those in the Home Office who dealt with him were apparently unaware of the policy. At paragraph 31, Pill LJ said this:
"I find it difficult to understand how the failure to apply the correct policy to the claimant can have been persisted in for such a long period. Understanding is more difficult when we are told by Mr Tam that Iraq was at the material time a 'top asylum country' in that there were many applicants from there. The situation there was of great public concern and I am unable to understand why a fundamental element in the asylum policy, the question of internal re-location to the KAZ, was unknown to all those who dealt with the claimant's case. No explanation has been offered save a faint suggestion that confusion, not created by the claimant, as to his place of residence in Iraq may initially have contributed to a misunderstanding. No explanatory signed statement has been submitted, as it often is when difficulties such as the present have arisen. Further, a bad point, subsequently recognised as such, was taken against the claimant's case on its own facts, namely that he had sisters in the KAZ."
In the light of the unsatisfactory nature of the explanation which has now been given, those observations apply equally to these claims.
In paragraph 36, Pill LJ expressed his conclusions thus:
"I agree with the judge's conclusion that the degree of unfairness was such as to amount to an abuse of power requiring the intervention of the court. The persistence of the conduct, and lack of explanation for it, contribute to that conclusion. This was far from a single error in an obscure field. A state of affairs was permitted to continue for a long time and in relation to a country which at the time would have been expected to be in the forefront of the Respondent's (sic) deliberations. I am very far from saying that administrative errors may often lead to a finding of conspicuous unfairness amounting to an abuse."
But, as the court decided, those errors did.
May LJ agreed with Pill LJ. Dyson LJ gave a separate judgment in which he rested his decision on the frustration for Mr Rashid of his legitimate expectation that the appropriate policy would be applied to him notwithstanding that he was at the time unaware of its existence. It would be conspicuously unfair to him not to require the Secretary of State to honour that policy in the circumstances. In paragraphs 51, 52 and 53 he said this:
"51.In the present case, to hold the Secretary of State to the policy that was in force between December 2001 and March 2003 in relation to cases that he considered during that period does not of itself raise any wide-ranging issues of policy. I do accept, however, that to hold him to that policy in circumstances where, at the latest stage of the decision-making process, the policy had been withdrawn would infringe the important principle established by Ravichandran.
52.But as against that, in my judgment it is clear that there has been conspicuous unfairness in this case. It is true that Mr Rabinder Singh Q.C. disavowed any allegation of bad faith. He was right to do so, because there is no evidence that the failure to apply or even reveal the existence of the policy between December 2001 and March 2003 was deliberate and the result of bad faith. But it is a remarkable feature of this case that, despite repeated requests for clarification and direct instructions from the interviewing officer, the caseworker and the presenting officer who were party to the original and appellate consideration of the claimant's case as to their state of knowledge of the policy, no response has ever been provided; not even after the grant of permission to apply for judicial review, when the Secretary of State had a duty of full and frank disclosure. As Lord Walker said in Belize Alliance of Conservation NGOs v Department of the Environment (29 January 2004) (PC), a Respondent authority owes a duty to the court to cooperate and make candid disclosure of the relevant facts and (so far as they are not apparent from contemporaneous documents which have been disclosed) the reasoning behind the decision challenged in the judicial review proceedings. This the Secretary of State has signally failed to do.
53. In the absence of any reasonable explanation, I consider that the court is entitled at the very least to infer that there has been flagrant and prolonged incompetence in this case. This is a far cry from the case of a mistake which is short-lived and the reasons for which are fully explained. The unfairness in this case has been aggravated by the fact that, as explained by Pill LJ, the claimant was not treated in the same way as M and A, with whose cases his case has been linked procedurally. Had he been so treated, he would have had the benefit of the policy and been accorded full refugee status."
Thus the Secretary of State had acted with conspicuous unfairness amounting to an abuse of power.
Mr Tam seeks to distinguish Rashid largely on the ground that there has now been an explanation given by Mr Saunders. He further relies on the fact that these claimants had not commenced proceedings and so it was not inconsistent to have allowed the claims of those who at the time had done so.
It is therefore necessary to see what the explanation for the failures is and whether it is satisfactory in all the circumstances and so draws the sting of the criticisms levelled by the Court of Appeal in Rashid. The crucial period so far as these cases are concerned is that between October 2000, when the Human Rights Act 1998 came into force and so added the possibility of claims under the European Convention on Human Rights to those under the Refugee Convention, and February 2003 when at last the existence of the policy became known to the Treasury Solicitor and presumably more widely within IND.
The policy itself probably dated back to 1991. In 1998/1999 there was a general reorganisation in IND to try to deal with the situation which was beginning to get out of control resulting from a continuing increase in asylum applications. By January 2000, the backlog of asylum applications exceeded 120,000. As a result of the reorganisation, it was decided that casework teams, which had dealt with specific countries and so had a common knowledge of the issues which were relevant to those countries, should no longer deal with particular countries. The Senior Caseworker attached to each team (thereafter called Case Management Units (CMU)) was supposed to be the source of knowledge to whom caseworkers could turn. In addition, OGNs were introduced in 2000. Before that the Country and Information Policy Unit (CIPU) had had responsibility for identifying, as Mr Saunders puts it, blanket ELR policies in relation to countries where a general policy was possible. An example was Somalia where the human rights and humanitarian situation was so awful that most who came from that country could not be returned.
OGNs were intended to provide caseworkers with the necessary guidance so as to ensure consistency in dealing with claims from particular countries. They would not cover every possible situation or class of claimant but were intended to deal mainly with common categories of claim that caseworkers were likely to encounter. In November 1998 the UNHCR wrote a letter to IND's Director of Asylum and Policy in which it was indicated that those who had been integrated in the community or had lived in the KAZ might well have an internal flight alternative and that included 'persons originating from the northern part of Iraq under the control of the Government of Iraq who have sought asylum abroad and are found to have a valid fear of persecution vis-à-vis the central Government in Baghdad, but have nothing to fear from the Kurdish authorities in the north'. Some 9 months later, in August 1999 CIPU issued an internal memorandum which repeated what had been said in the UNHCR letter. This was thoroughly misleading since it omitted to mention that the policy was that Iraqi Kurds who came from the GCA would not be refused on the basis of the possibility of internal flight. There is no explanation given of why it took 9 months for CIPU to react to the UNHCR letter or why, when it did react, it disseminated misleading information to the caseworkers who had to deal with the claims.
The year 2000 saw a large increase in the number of asylum seekers from Iraq. It was decided that claims by Kurds who had come from the KAZ could be processed through Oakington because they were relatively straightforward and IND was encouraged actively to seek means of returning to the KAZ those who failed to substantiate a claim. In the meantime, they were to receive ELR. Between 2000 and 2002, there were 28,746 asylum seekers from Iraq. Some 85% of those were Kurds from the KAZ. The balance came from the GCA. Mr Saunders says the numbers were thus 'relatively small', but over the period, they would have amounted to about 2000.
In October 2000 Mr Saunders produced a draft OGN which failed to mention Kurds from the GCA, although, in dealing with those who might have a claim to ELR, reference was made to Non-Kurds who had attracted the adverse attention of Saddam Hussein, his family or government, Marsh Arabs from Southern Iraq and doctors who had refused to obey orders to punish people by various forms of mutilation. None of those can be regarded as particularly large categories and it is, to say the least, surprising that no mention was made of Kurds who, it should have been appreciated, must be granted at least ELR since internal relocation was not to be relied on. Mr Saunders accepts that 'with the benefit of hindsight the guidance lacked clarity'. As a Senior Caseworker, Mr Saunders should have appreciated the lack of clarity at the time, particularly as he must have realised that internal relocation was erroneously being relied on to refuse claims and ELR or asylum was not being granted.
The OGN on Iraq was eventually agreed in April 2001. It was known that, while the policy was not to rely on internal relocation for Kurds from the GCA, since October 2000 ministers had been anxious to explore the possibility of enforced removal to the KAZ but only of those who had come from the KAZ. In March 2001, the then minister, in answer to a Parliamentary Question, stated that there might be some who could be returned to Northern Iraq (the KAZ). She did not say that internal relocation could apply to those from the GCA. However, the OGN stated no more than the draft to which I have already referred and so was equally unhelpful.
Following the I.A.T. decision in Maghdeed in August 2002, it was thought that it might mean that internal relocation within the KAZ was not possible so that a claimant who feared persecution by one of the factions could not be expected to relocate to the territory of the other. Maghdeed should never have reached the I.A.T. since he came from the GCA and internal relocation should not have been relied on. It is extraordinary that this was apparently not appreciated by those, including Mr Saunders, who had to consider the effect of Maghdeed, particularly as it led to a revision of the OGN in October 2002. That OGN 'contained specific guidance to caseworkers not to argue the availability of intra-KAZ internal relocation'. The only reference to Kurds from the KAZ comes under the heading dealing with the need to consider ELR for those whose asylum claims are rejected. This is in itself somewhat surprising since such Kurds were being the subject of ethnic cleansing or arabisation in the GCA towards the north bordering the KAZ. However, what was said was:
"The authorities in the KAZ have however made it clear that they would only readmit to the territory they control those who can show that they were previously resident there. Internal flight for other Iraqis to the KAZ is not therefore a viable option. "
A's claim was refused on 27 August 2002 and internal relocation to the KAZ was relied on. H was refused on 20 September 2002 and again internal relocation was relied on. Each appealed, but their claims were never reconsidered, as they should have been, since by the time the appeals were lodged the situation had been made clear, or so it is said, in the October 2002 OGN. Furthermore, at the hearing of A's appeal on 6 March 2003, internal relocation was still relied on and leave to appeal was in due course sought and obtained on the basis of a misunderstanding of the effect of Maghdeed. It does not seem that the lack of clarity had been removed, despite Mr Saunders' assertion that it had.
In February 2003 a fresh OGN was issued following further I.A.T. decisions which did not follow Maghdeed. This removed all reference to non-Arabs or Kurds from the GCA. On 20 February 2003 a letter was sent to ILPA which stated:
"At the present time, we will not be applying the option of internal relocation to the KAZ for applicants from GCA."
It also notified ILPA of the change from 4 years to 6 months ELR. It is of interest to note that the letter refusing AH's claim is dated 22 February 2003 and that 6 months ELR is accordingly granted instead of 4 years. In March 2003, consideration of all claims from Iraq was suspended pending the outcome of the military action. After June 2003, it was considered that returns could be made and that most applicants would not qualify for asylum.
I have gone through the history and the explanations for the failures to apply the policy in some detail. It is a sorry story. I have no doubt that there was a failure to deal properly with these claims because all those concerned with them were not properly instructed. In the context of asylum claims, that is a lamentable state of affairs. Dyson LJ in Rashid said that, in the absence of any reasonable explanation, he considered that the court was entitled at the very least to infer that there had been flagrant and prolonged incompetence. The explanation does not remove that inference; indeed, it confirms it. Albeit the numbers of Kurds from the GCA claiming asylum were not, in the context of asylum claims as a whole, very large, they were by no means insignificant. Each was entitled at least to 4 years ELR and many to be regarded as refugees. The failure to apply the policy was not limited to individual caseworkers but extended to all at every level who dealt with the cases. Mr Tam accepted that what had happened was inexcusable but not that it should be regarded as incompetence.
In Rashid, the Court relied on legitimate expectation and the need to hold the Secretary of State to the policy that was in force during the relevant period. In the circumstances, there had been conspicuous unfairness. Legitimate expectation is grounded on fairness. It was initially regarded as limited to procedure and the processes which would be applied in reaching decisions which affected individuals. It is now clear that it extends to substance: see R v North and East Devon G.A. ex p Coughlan [2001] QB 213. The court expects government departments and, indeed, all officials who make decisions which affect members of the public to honour statements of policy. To fail to do so will, if one wants to apply classic Wednesbury principles, mean that the decision maker has failed to have regard to a material consideration. Thus irrationality, in the sense in which it was used by Lord Diplock, is linked to reasonableness. That much was recognised as long ago as 1984 in R v Home Secretary ex p Khan [1984] 1 WLR 1337 at 1352D, where Dunn LJ said:
"The categories of reasonableness are not closed, and in my judgment an unfair action can seldom be a reasonable one. The cases cited by Parker LJ show that the Home Secretary is under a duty to act fairly, and I agree that what happened in this case was not only unfair but unreasonable. Although the circular letter did not create an estoppel, the Home Secretary set out therein for the benefit of applicants the matters to be taken into consideration and thus reached his decision upon a consideration which on his own showing was irrelevant. In so doing … he misdirected himself according to his own criteria and acted unreasonably."
This is not the usual legitimate expectation case. The claimants were unaware of the policy and did not rely upon it. I am not persuaded that it is necessary to rely on the doctrine of legitimate expectation since all that is really being said is that there is a legitimate expectation that the Home Secretary will, in reaching his decisions, apply whatever policy he has adopted consistently. That is really to say no more than that an individual can expect that he will be fairly treated. Here, the decisions made were clearly unlawful in that the decision makers failed to have regard to the policy of which they should have been but were not aware because of incompetence.
However, that does not necessarily bring them success. Here, it is what has been called the Ravichandran principle which Mr Tam, submits defeats them. In truth, that is not peculiar to asylum cases since regard will always be had, if a decision is challenged, to the situation as it has developed and exists at the time of any hearing. The court has a discretion whether relief should be granted and its exercise will be affected by the circumstances prevailing at the time of the hearing. It is particularly important in the asylum context since the Ravichandran principle has been given statutory support.
As Mr Tam submitted, any case in which, for whatever reasons, the decision maker or makers concerned have failed to have regard to a material consideration will mean that the decision is unlawful. It can also be properly labelled unfair. But if that is to result in relief in the grant of whatever should have been granted at the time notwithstanding a change of circumstances the Ravichandran principle will be set at nought. That was recognised by the Court in Rashid – see per Dyson LJ at paragraph 48. The court will only intervene if persuaded that, using the legitimate expectation approach, 'to frustrate the expectation is so unfair that to take a new and different course will amount to an abuse of power'. That has resulted in the use of the adjective conspicuous in defining the unfairness. In paragraph 50, Dyson LJ helpfully identified relevant matters in these words:
"The nature of the decision will, therefore, always be relevant to the question whether the frustration of an expectation is an abuse of power. The court will not only have regard to whether wide-ranging issues of policy are involved, but also whether holding the public body to its promise or policy has only limited temporal effect and whether the decision has implications for a large class of persons. The degree of unfairness is also material. That is why in R v Inland revenue Commissioners ex p Unilever plc [1996] STC 681, Simon Brown LJ referred to "conspicuous unfairness" amounting to an abuse of power. The more extreme the unfairness, the more likely it is to be characterised as an abuse of power. If the frustration of a legitimate expectation is made in bad faith, then it is very likely to be regarded as an abuse of power and, therefore, unlawful."
A poor decision by individual caseworkers will not normally qualify. That can be cured by an appeal and if circumstances have changed (which may in some cases be to the claimant's advantage where developments in the country of his nationality have worsened), his claim will be affected accordingly. But here there was systemic failure which not only affected the decision but also led to the appellate authority being misled. Thus the claimant was deprived of the chance of having a fair decision not only from the administrators but also from the independent appellate body. It is this coupled with the lack of any satisfactory explanation – satisfactory, that is, in the sense that it excuses the conduct – which leads me to reject Mr Tam's argument. In effect, I am doing no more than following the guidance given by the Court of Appeal in Rashid.
I recognise that cases such as this which justify relief such as is claimed here will be rare. The court has to decide whether the unfairness is such that it goes beyond that which should attract no relief other than that afforded by a right of appeal. I recognise that it is not possible to define where the line should be drawn with any precision. Inevitably, the circumstances of an individual case will be the deciding factor. It is only if the court is persuaded that the unfairness is so bad that abuse of power is an appropriate label that it will find in a claimant's favour. That is the position here.
In the result, A and H must be granted ILR. They are not now entitled to refugee status, but, since the policy was to grant ILR, all those such as the claimants who were but are not now refugees will still retain ILR. The claimants should not be in a different position. In A's case, he should also be permitted to apply to have his family join him here and that application should be considered applying the same criteria as would have been applied if he had been recognised as a refugee. AH should have been granted 4 years ELR in July 2001 when his claim was refused. That would by now have expired. He should be permitted to apply for ILR as if he had been granted the necessary 4 years ELR and was applying in time provided that he makes his application within a reasonable time. What that should be and the precise nature of any relief for all the claimants I will hear argument about if agreement cannot be reached. In AH's case, there is the possibility of further consideration by the defendant of the precise nature of any policy in relation to ELR.
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5: Well, that just about wraps it up for Dawkins
If you enjoy this essay, please consider purchasing a copy of Where Dawkins Went Wrong and Other Theological Blockbusters from this address - a collection of some of the best and most-linked-to essays from this blog and its predecessor. It contains my five part assault critique of 'The God Delusion', along with essays on gay bishops, the 'gospel' of Judas, the 'legend' of the three wise men.
And your feet can only walk down two kinds of roads
Your eyes can only look through two kinds of windows
Your nose can only smell two kinds of hallways
You can touch and twist
And turn two kinds of doorknobs
You can either go to the church of your choice
Or you can go to Brooklyn State Hospital
You'll find God in the church of your choice
You'll find Woody Guthrie in Brooklyn State Hospital
And though it's only my opinion
I may be right or wrong
You'll find them both
In the Grand Canyon
When Dawkins talks about 'religion', I think he means simply 'belief in "God" ': the opinion that the universe and everything in it including us was designed and created by a superhuman and supernatural intelligence. Confucianism and Buddhism are not to be regarded as religions because they don't include a 'God'. It's a a perfectly good definition; but it leaves us wanting some other word for all the stories, rituals, ceremonies, ethical teachings, taboos, songs and coffee mornings that account for the majority of what goes on in church.
I suggest that we use the word cultus to refer to religion in this wider sense. 'Cult' sounds too sinister and 'quidquid Latine dictum sit, altum sonatur.'
Now, you can believe in a supernatural designer without participating in cultus and you can participate in cultus without believing in a designer. You might think that the universe was designed but not feel the slightest inclination to talk to the person who designed it; you might pray to a supernatural being without thinking that he or she designed the universe. Communism has a collection of songs, stories, rituals, heroes, holy days, holy places, a holy book and even holy relics. (So does the Tolkien Society, come to that.) You could reasonably describe communism as a form of cultus; but not as a religion, because it rather emphatically doesn't believe in 'God'.
Once you've spotted this distinction, a lot of Dawkins' hobby-horses begin to look decidedly wobbly. He gets extremely and repeatedly annoyed about the phrase 'Christian child'–how, he invects, can a child possibly know whether or not he's a Christian? And isn't foisting the term on him a form of intellectual child-abuse? (Clue: No.) Dawkins is pretending that he thinks that the phrase 'Christian child' refers to a child's religion–his or her opinion about the existence or lack of existence of a supernatural designer. In fact it almost certainly refers to the cultus in which the child participates. When you ask if a child is Catholic or Jewish you are asking, very innocently, which rituals he feels comfortable with–whether he looks forward to Christmas or Hannukah, whether he says 'Hail Mary Full of Grace!' or 'Hear Oh Israel! The Lord Thy God is One!' when he wakes up, whether feeding him flesh on Friday or pig-flesh on any day would be likely to upset him.
Dawkins also got awfully cross in the newspapers because some guy who played a monster in Doctor Who remarked that he would find it comforting to believe in God. Dawkins fulminated that whether it was comforting or not doesn't make any difference: all that matters is whether it is true and the minute someone showed him some proof he'd change his mind blah-de-blah. But clearly, Peter Kay had meant 'It would be a comfort to me to participate in a cultus,': Dawkins pretended that he thought he meant 'It would be a comfort to me to be convinced of the existence of a superhuman designer.'
Towards the end of the God Delusion, Dawkins reproduces A.A Milne's poem 'Binker' in full. Binker was one of Christopher Robin's 'imaginary friends'. Binker and Christopher Robin go everywhere together, but only Christopher Robin can see him. Many children imagine that they have such friends, and Dawkins is interested in the possibility that they are 'a higher illusion, in a different category from ordinary childhood make believe' and that 'at least some of these normal children who have imaginary friends really do believe they exist, and, in some cases, see them as clear and vivid hallucinations.'
As ever, Dawkins reading of the poem isn't especially sensitive. A.A Milne's 'Binker' isn't something that Christopher Robin really believes in, but a playful fib which he tells the grown-ups. He's no different from Pooh and Piglet in that respect.
So I have to say to people when they offer me a sweet
'Oh Binker wants a chocolate, so could you give me two?'
Then I have to eat it for him cos his teeth are rather new.
'What's twice eleven?' said I to Pooh,
('Twice what?' said Pooh to me.)
'I think it ought to be twenty-two.'
'Just what I think myself,' said Pooh....
Dawkins muses that perhaps people who believe in God have retained their imaginary friends into adult life; or at any rate, that the 'God' phenomenon and the 'Binker' phenomenon could be related.
I'm a lot less offended by this idea than Dawkins presumably intends me to be. When he says that I believe in an invisible man in the sky or a creationist micro-manager, I find myself hurling the book across the coffee shop and saying 'What you are talking about has nothing to do with the God of my religion. Why don't you go and talk to some Christians, you insufferably silly little man.' But when he gets to the description of the 'imaginary friend' I have to admit that I said 'Yes. Danged if it isn't a bit like that.'
In the unlikely event of any of Dawkins' groupies reading this far, I'm sure they will rub their knuckles together with glee and say 'Famous god-blothering bogger admits Jesus is a large purple rabbit called Harvey.' I don't, of course. But I concede that 'God is a bit like Binker' is a much more useful statement than 'God is a sky-fairy.'
At the very least, the idea could provide a frame of reference that would allow atheists and normal people to communicate with each other. If I said 'I have to wear this hat, because otherwise my imaginary friend will be very, very sad,' you might think me slightly eccentric (OK, extremely eccentric) but you'd hardly get angry about it. But if I said that the name of my imaginary friend was 'Allah' and not 'Binker' after all, then some people wouldn't just get angry: they'd actually demand parliamentary legislation to ban hats. (Not all hats: just the kinds of hats that Binker likes.) If Binker gave me good advise–if he told me to give money to a good cause, or have a proper rest once a week, you'd probably smile and say 'Good old Binker!' But if Binker told me to do something silly–draw on the wall with my crayons, say, or invade Iraq, you would be more likely to say 'Well, I don't think you can have heard Binker properly'.
Are atheists simply funny people who 'can't see Binker'? Or is it that they can see him, but interpret him differently? Perhaps atheistssay 'I think Binker is a product of my own mind' whereas theists say 'No, I think Binker comes from outside of me,' and add 'We think he's somehow related to the Great Douglas who wrote the universe.' (Well, most of them would. There are people who talk to Binker, who think it's important to talk to Binker, but who think that Binker is something that comes from inside themselves. This approach is particularly popular among serious pagans like Alan Moore. There are also people who say 'Maybe Binker comes from inside me, and maybe he comes from the outside. I don't know and I don't think it matters.' These are known as 'Anglicans'.) I don't see any reason why the friendless minority can't indulgently make space for imaginary bales of hay for Binker's reindeer; while the the rest of us politely explain what Binker thinks to the funny people who can't see him. Most of the time, we'd probably get on reasonably well.
Dawkins says that the phenomenon of the imaginary friend brings him about as close as he can get to understanding what it would be like to have a religion. But I submit that this isn't true.
Consider. On page 117 he quotes an interview with Douglas Adams in which Adams says he was converted from vague agnosticism to atheism as a result of reading The Blind Watchmaker. Dawkins exclaims:
Douglas, I miss you. You are my cleverest, wittiest, tallest and possibly only convert. I hope this book might have made you laugh–though not as much as you made me.
It is, to say the least, suspicious that this is how the poster-boy for militant atheism deals with bereavement. This is unmistakably a prayer: a ritual invocation to an imperceptible being who cannot possibly exist in the empirical universe. I am not (N-O-T) suggesting that Dawkins 'really' believes in life after death or 'really' thinks that Douglas Adams can hear him. He's performing a ritual–playing a lets-pretend game of Douglas still being alive; dealing with the fact that there is no longer a Douglas in the world by talking to the picture of Douglas in his memory. But that's awfully like what people do when they participate in cultus.
So, Professor: believing in God (the God of the Christian cultus, not necessarily the creationist micro-manager) is a bit like having a Binker; which you can identify with, just a little. It's also a bit like talking to your dead best mate, something which you admit to doing. Do we have anything else in common?
Well, there's the matter of religious–that is to say, cultic–art. Dawkins is rather confused on this issue. In the introduction to the book he quotes John Lennon's Imagine and pretends that he thinks that the song is calling for the abolition of cultus in general. (Whenever anyone asked him John Lennon said that the song was a denunciation of denominationalism and sectarianism–not personal faith.) Dawkins asks us to Imagine all the Bad Things which would go away if there was no heaven and no religion too-oo.
Imagine no Taliban to blow up ancient statues, no public beheading of blasphemers, no flogging of female skin for the crime of showing an inch of it...
Slow down. The Taliban were religious, in the sense that in their opinion, a being called Allah really exists. They were also a cultus in that they believed that you should pray five times a day, study the Koran, fast during Ramadan and so on. It is a matter of record that they had the ancient statues at Bamyan destroyed. But Professor, who put up the statues? Buddhist monks, that's who. Possibly the monks were not religious, in the sense that they didn't necessarily believe in a designer-God but they were certainly part of a cultus and they had lots and lots of supernatural beliefs which you would think were Bad Things. So what you should have said is 'Imagine no Taliban to blow up ancient statues. Imagine no ancient statues for the Taliban to blow up.' This is absolutely emblematic of your confused attitude. When a religious organisation does something which annoys you, you take it for granted that it was Caused By Religion. But when a religious organisation does something which you quite like you don't think that 'religion' had anything to do with it. You hardly spot that there was any religion involved at all.
(The bit about the abuse of women in some Islamic societies is worth pondering, too. Is Dawkins saying that if there were no 'religion' (i.e. if no-one believed in a Designer) then:
There would be no clothing taboos and everyone would walk around naked.
There would still be clothing taboos, but they wouldn't be enforced by law: people might look at you in a funny way if you did walk around naked, but no-one would arrest you.
There would be clothing taboos, and they would be enforcible by law, but they would apply equally to men and women. The situation which prevails in the UK at the present time, where men are allowed to publicly remove their vests but women can be arrested for publicly removing their bras arise because people think the world was created by a supernatural designer.
There would be gender specific clothing taboos, but the legal penalty for breaking them would never involve inflicting physical pain. The situation which prevailed in England up to 1948, where the offence of indecent exposure (which can be committed by a man but not by a woman) was punishable by whipping arose because the people of the time believed that the universe was created by a supernatural designer.
All of this sounds like nonsense; and not very much less like nonsense if you assume he means that Saudi modesty laws are the product of the Moslim cultus and not from the belief in Allah alone. It looks to me as if, without thinking, he has taken the clothing taboos in modern England for granted and assumed that when Johnny Foreigner has different standards of modesty he's going against the natural order of things, presumably as a result of some queer native superstition.)
When he was on Desert Island Discs, Dawkins selected an excerpt from Bach's St Matthew Passion as one of his favourite records. He pretends not to understand why normal people thought this was a bit odd.
The interviewer asked me how I could choose religious music without being religious. You might as well say, how can you enjoy Wuthering Heights when you know perfectly well that Cathy and Heathcliff never really existed.
This is another blustering non sequitur. Emily Bronte believed that Heathcliff was a fictional character and presented her book as a work of fiction. Bach believed Jesus was a real person, and presented his Passion as a retelling of and meditation on events that he thought really happened. Bronte wrote a story which she hoped would surprise and excite and delight her readers; Bach composed a piece of music which he hoped would bring his listeners closer to God. The question of whether a work is presented as fiction or non-fiction as a profound effect on the way we read it. Would Robinson Crusoe be the same book it were discovered to be the real diary of a real castaway? Would you even bother to read The Diary of Anne Frank if it turned out to be a work of fiction? No, the fact that Bach believed Jesus to be a real person doesn't mean that his music can only be enjoyed by people who think the same. There would be nothing at all surprising about someone saying 'The story of Jesus dying and rising again is a beautiful story and I love to listen to it, but unlike Bach, I don't think that it is really true.' People say things of the same kind every day. I myself don't believe in Time was incarnate in a person called Krishna but I might put the Indian language Maharbarata on the short list of Greatest TV Shows Not Featuring a Police Box. But Dawkins doesn't think that the story of the passion of the Christ is a beautiful story. He thinks it is 'sadomasochistic', 'barking mad', 'viciously unpleasant', 'tortuously nasty' and incidentally, that the people who disseminate it are worse than child molesters. What is going on when someone says that a musical celebration of a perverted, insane, vicious, unpleasant, nasty story is the one of eight things he couldn't manage without on a desert island? Dawkins pretends that he thinks that Sue Lawley thinks that it's odd that someone who doesn't believe in Jesus would want to listen to songs about Jesus. I'm sure she doesn't think anything nearly so silly. What she probably thinks is odd is that someone who finds a particular story horrible should want to listen to it over and over again. It's a bit like a noted black man who's campaigned all his life for racial equality saying that Birth of a Nation is his favourite movie. It's possible, of course: maybe he admires the camera work, or finds that it helps him understand how racists think. But he wouldn't come over all wounded if Ms. Lawley asked him why.
Dawkins wants us to think that the 'God' element in cultic art is really incidental. In the past artists had to look for patrons and the church was rich: so naturally, they produced religious art. If the patrons had been different, the art would have been different too. This is another example of Dawkins' 'Heads I win, tails you lose' argument. Religious artists like Bach or Michelangelo were sublime despite the fact that they dealt with religious subjects. If they'd dealt with secular ones, they might have been even better. ('What a shame that we are deprived of Haydan's "Evolution Oratorio."') But a secular artist like Shakespeare was sublime because he was secular; it is 'chilling' to imagine Will with a Church commission because we would have lost his great plays and got something worse in return.
(Of course, it's sheer bloody nonsense to see Shakespeare as purely a secular writer. Merchant of Venice is partly about the difference between Jewish theological conceptions of Law and Christian theological conceptions of Grace; Macbeth is partly about Calvinistic pre-destination; King Lear is partly concerned with the fate of the just pagan and what 'goodness' means in a pre-Christian world; Hamlet is very much about where the dead go now that purgatory has been abolished. Perhaps Dawkins needs to have his consciousness raised by–well, thinking, basically.)
Does Dawkins think that the words are simply irrelevant to Christian music? That if you took the words he wants on his desert island:
Purify yourself, my heart,
I myself will bury Jesus.
For he shall henceforth evermore
sweetly take his rest in me.
World, get out, let Jesus in!
and replaced them with, say:
But it may be asked, what ought we to do,
If it could be proved that one species of kangaroo
Had been produced
By a long course
Of modification, from a bear?
–it wouldn't really make any difference? That Bach isn't using music to convey his emotional response to a sacred story but merely making a pleasing sound. If I thought Dawkins thought that, I would write him off as an alien, or (seriously) conclude that he was mentally ill.
But in truth methinks that Dawkins doth protesteth too much. When he says he thinks that the idea that Jesus died for the world (which is a longer way of spelling 'Christianity') is crazy and kinky he doesn't really mean it–any more than he means that my-friend-the-Bishop-of-Oxford is some kind of spiritual kiddy-fiddler. When he hears the story of the Passion told by a really great artist, he finds it just as moving as the rest of the human race. Bach's music expresses the Christian doctrine of the atonement better than Anselm's theological doctrine of penal substitution. Bach speaks to Dawkins heart better than Anselm speaks to his head. I am not (n-o-t) saying that Dawkins is 'really' a Christian because he is deeply moved by a work of art about Jesus dying for Sin. But he evidently doesn't hate the story nearly as much as he'd like us to think.
Dawkins thinks that religion and morality can both be explained in Darwinian terms. Things we think of as 'moral' often have a clear survival value: we feel that we should take care of our children because it's to our genetic advantage to do so. Other kinds of behaviour may have no survival value in themselves, but be the result of what he calls 'misfiring'. Small monkeys which unquestioningly believe big monkeys when they say 'There are crocodiles in that pool' are more likely to survive than ones which question their elders and conduct experiments. But this might leave them with a genetic predisposition to believe their elders unquestioningly when they talk about God or Patriotism or some other lie. (Dawkins doesn't think this is true, necessarily, but he thinks that it is the kind of thing which might be.)
Much of what we think of as 'moral' behaviour may also be the result of this kind of 'misfiring'. Dawkins uses the example of an infertile couple adopting someone else's child. The desire for a child can be easily explained as a mechanism for passing on our genes, even though in the particular case of adoption, it's being used to preserve someone else's. Or, because you are 'programmed' to help the carrier of your genes, you would willingly die to save your child's life, but this has the knock-on effect of you being prepared to die to save the life of someone else's child. And now comes the bombshell:
We can no more help ourselves feeling pity when we see a weeping unfortunate (who is unrelated to us and unable to reciprocate) than we can help ourselves feeling lust for a member of the opposite sex (who may be infertile and otherwise unable to reproduce). Both are misfiring, Darwinian mistakes: blessed, precious mistakes. Do not, for one moment, think of such Darwinizing as demeaning or reductive of the noble emotions of compassion and generosity. Nor of sexual desire...
So: I have the urge to do certain things: adopt an orphan child; help a suffering person; talk to Binker. Some of those urges, like loving my neighbour, are 'blessed, precious and noble' and I should pay attention to them. Others, like talking to Binker, are malign and I need Richard Dawkins to cure me of them.
But, but, but, but, but.... Where did the concepts of sanctity, value and nobility come from?
Well, they evolved: either the belief in nobility has a survival value in itself, or else it is a misfiring of something which does. So apparently, Richard Dawkins has evolved a second-order feeling that tells him that his urge to be kind is noble, but his urge to propagate religion is ignoble. Cool: but suppose I have a second-order feeling that tells me that David Livingstone's urge to go and bring Christianity to Africa was very noble indeed. So how do we judge between my sense of what is noble and Dawkins'? So far as I can see, we appeal to third order feelings: my feeling that feelings about religion are noble are invalid; but my feeling that feelings about altruism are noble are valid. But those third order feelings either have survival value or are Darwinian mis-firings. And when my feelings about feelings about feelings are different from Dawkins' feelings about feelings about feelings we presumably appeal to feelings about feelings about feelings about feelings?
Dawkins hasn't understood this. It doesn't occur to him that it's a problem. He happily says that kindness and altruism are noble and precious because–well, so far as I can see because they are. Because Binker told him so?
Or again: when Binker tells me to make huge statues of him, that's good. But when Binker tells me to pull the statues down that's bad. But how do we know the difference? Did Richard's Binker tell him that the Buddhist Binker was right and the Taliban Binker was wrong? Why trust his Binker any more than any one else's–especially when he whole argument is that you shouldn't pay any attention to any Binker at all?
Yet Dawkins clearly has an absolute conviction that some kinds of behaviour ought to be approved of, and some kinds of behaviour ought not to be. How else can he accuse Catholics of being worse than child molesters or complain that the God of the Bible keeps doing horrible things?
We have a man who is deeply moved by artistic expressions of religious ideas; who believes that the taboos of his nation 'just are' to be obeyed; who thinks that there is a standard called 'nobility' against which we can validly judge our urges; who makes ritual invocations to the dead; who understands what it might be like to have an 'imaginary friend', and who doesn't think that to have such a friend would necessarily be ignoble. In a rather confused way, he even thinks that the collection of stories in the Bible are worth reading and worth passing on.
But Professor: invocations, spiritual guardians, belief in morals and taboos, aesthetic responses to spiritual stories–that is very much the kind of thing which cultus is all about. None of them have any necessary connection with a superhuman and supernatural person who created and designed the universe and everything in it including us, although they often do in practice. Your proof, and I never doubted that it was a good proof, that we can explain why bananas are good to eat without recourse to a banana-designer impacts hardly at all on my urge to pray, to read the Bible or to have copies of the church fathers on my shelf that I'm really going to get around to one of these days. This is why your book is so full of misunderstandings and non-sequiturs. You are trying to prove the non-existence of the wrong God.
So: there is no quarrel and me, Richard and the Archbishop of Canterbury can all go off together and have tea (real or pretend) with Binker and the Fairies? Of course not. Theists say 'It feels to us that there are things that we really should do and things that we really shouldn't do. It feels to us that the great religious stories have special significance. It feels right to make invocations to our dead friends. We feel that we are in contact with a spiritual companion–call him Binker if you want–or else we wish that we were, or else we value the experiences that were written down by people who were, or thought that they were. We think that these feelings come from outside us. We think that they probably come from a Douglas or from something-else-call-it-GOD-for-the-moment who's outside of any universe we can measure. We think that Binker and Douglas are in some way the same and some of think that Douglas once became a person and lived a human life. This is why we sometimes talk as if there are three Douglases and sometimes as if there were only one. But we don't think that feelings are the only things which matter or that 'God' is just a sort of a mood. People who think they have been in touch with something-else-call-it-GOD-for-the-moment or have talked to Binker have tried to make maps and they've built up a fairly good picture, although it has some grey areas in it. But the map isn't the territory: we don't think that call-it-GOD-for-the-moment has a beard, any more than we think that there are green and yellow stripes on the circle line.'
And the sane, good natured atheists–the majority, I expect: Douglas Adams was one–will reply: 'Some of us have some of those feelings to. Some of us respect them. Some of us may even sometimes be happy to come to your churches and enjoy the feelings and see if you are really as good at calling up Binker as you say you are. But we don't think that the feelings have got a source; certainly not a source outside of the empirical universe. We don't. We just don't.'
And we'll reply: 'So we both have the same subjective experience of what it's like to be inside of one of these mind-things, but we interpret that experience in different ways. And that's OK. But please don't think that once you've told us how bananas evolved, we're going to start interpreting subjective experiences of God in a different way. Whatever else the argument is about it, it's not about that."
Roald Dahl claims that as a young child he lost his faith in the church as a result of being beaten by the Archbishop of Canterbury. Considered as a syllogism, this is not very convincing:
The argument from the Most Rev. Geoffrey Fisher
There exists at least one cruel Christian.
Therefore, God does not exist.
However, it's emotional force is very convincing indeed: 'If that was how one of God's top salesmen behaved, I thought there must be something very wrong with the whole thing.'
Dawkins pretends that he thinks that some Christians believe in:
The Argument from Admired Religious Scientists
Some scientists, especially in the olden days, believed in God
Therefore God exists.
I think what has actually happened is that atheists have put forward :
The Argument From Science
No scientist believes in God.
Therefore, belief in science is incompatible with the belief in God.
Therefore God does not exist
and Christians have responded by saying
At least one scientist believes in God.
Therefore, science is not incompatible with the belief in God
Therefore, God may or may not exist.
If there is to be a dialogue between theists and non-theists–and I think that there should be, long, in depth, robust argument, far into the night, with much wagging of fingers and stroking of beards–then the non-theists need a better spokesman. Otherwise, Christians will be tempted to adopt:
The argument from despised religious scientists
If there were no God, then the cleverest people would be atheists.
Here is a book about atheism.
The person who wrote it is rather silly.
If the best spokesman atheists can come up with is rather silly, then perhaps there are not many clever atheists.
So perhaps the cleverest people are not atheists after all.
Therefore, perhaps God exists.
The argument from contrariness
If I believe in God, it will irritate Richard Dawkins.
Richard Dawkins deserves to be irritated.
Or perhaps, at it's simplest:
The argument from Onanism
Richard Dawkins is a tosser.
He's a blockhead who wants a proof of what he can't percieve
And he's a fool who tries to make such a blockhead believe
Labels: God, RELIGION, Richard Dawkins
Paul Wright said...
Dawkins exhibits an attitude to religion which matches that of evangelicalism as I remember it, in that he thinks that religion is about the fact that God exists (and, in the case of evangelicalism, certain other facts, like Jesus dying for our sins) and that all the cultus stuff flows from that. Presumably he thinks that if you can show people that God does not exist, they'll give up the cultus (true in my case, but the plural of anecdote isn't data, I suppose) and that stuff that the cultus does can be blamed on a belief in God.
I find people who take what you call the Anglican view very odd, because to me doing so would feel like play-acting. People tell me that this is because I'm too much of an empiricist.
Dawkins doesn't address where an atheist might get their morality from. But that's a problem for everyone, whether theist or not. We might say his argument is "if, for some reason, you think that genocide is wrong, you might regard the God portrayed in the Old Testament as a bit of a rotter".
If you've read Ruth Gledhill's latest, you'll know that Dawkins is actually an Anglican.
Gareth McCaughan said...
1. I think your 2-way distinction between Religion and Cultus needs some refinement. It puts almost everything -- everything other than the 1-bit datum "Is there or isn't there a Designer of the sort that Dawkins considers?" -- into the category of Cultus, but much of what you go on to say seems to take Cultus as something narrower than that.
For instance: saying that a child is "Catholic" isn't just saying that she's part of a certain community or used to certain rituals; it's also liable to be taken as saying that the child is committed to a certain set of ideas about what moral status people naturally have, what institutions have what sort of authority, whether it's better to die of AIDS than to have sex using a condom, and so on. If there's something problematic in foisting opinions about a Designer on a chlid, surely these are similarly problematic.
2. You insist that your participation in Cultus is awfully like pretend-talking to a friend whom you believe to have utterly vanished from the world, and rather like having a Binker, and that it's all wrong to suggest that it's got much to do with assenting to some proposition about a supernatural intelligence who created the universe. Butbutbutbut surely, in fact, one of the key things about how Christians deal with their experience of call-it-GOD-for-the-moment is precisely that they *do* say that what they're in touch with is the creator and judge and ruler (even if not the micromanager) of the universe.
Imagine a new religion constructed by starting with Christianity and then taking out all claims that Binker/Douglas/Jesus is the creator, the ruler, the judge, the lawgiver, etc., of the universe. Would replacing your religion with *that* really not be an enormous change? And doesn't the difference have something to do with the sort of "God" that Dawkins argues against and that you say has nothing to do with what Christians actually think and do?
Perhaps for you it wouldn't be an enormous change. In which case, congratulations on your promotion to the archiepiscopate. But there are plenty of Christians, not all of them stupid and unsophisticated, for whom it would be. For them, even if not for you, the god whom Dawkins strives to debunk shouldn't be a complete irrelevance.
I loved these reviews. I can't believe I didn't get the titles until I looked over my bookmarks and read them all at once.
I know you know this; but Dawkins is an atheist spokesman in about the same way that, say, Jerry Falwell is a Christian spokesman, i.e. lots of loud people take him very seriously indeed, even more people don't, lots of others like some of his points but thinks he puts them in rather over-the-top ways that end -- as you so deliciously point out -- harming his own side; etc.
All that said, let me recommend Daniel Dennett's book, Breaking the Spell. It's gotten lumped in a lot with the recent books by Dawkins, Harris and (God-if-he's-around-help-us) Christopher Hitchens, but I think it's much more careful. (It's also much less interested in trying to talk people out of faith, although there's some of that.) I'd really love to hear what you have to think about that. Think about taking a look at it.
Dr. Clam said...
Would you believe, I have also just completed a series of five posts culminating in 'Well, that just about wraps it up for Dawkins?'. Gosh, now I really feel plugged into the Zeitgeist...
Haven't been here for ages, since I read all your Narnia stuff last year. Have you read 'The Skeleton in the Wardrobe'?
As usually, very funny and thoughtful, thanks Andrew.
So how about this:?
From The Times, Richard Dawkins on God:
Richard Dawkins ... believes in the possibility of a transcendent “intelligence” existing beyond the range of present human experience. It is just that he refuses to call it God.
By now it is clear that the thing Dawkins really detests is not so much God, or even religion, but superstition. I am still hopeful of persuading him that a belief in the transcendent does not equal superstition. I lob “n” into the equation: numinous.
“It’s not a meaningful word,” he retorts. So what about those other dimensions that some scientists believe might exist? Yes, he concedes, modern physicists do talk about 11-dimensional space. “But that’s nothing to do with theology.” How does he know? Might not God exist in one of those states? “That might be true, but what’s sure, well, highly unlikely, is that anything that theologians of modern day or any day have to say is going to have anything to do with the wonder of what future physicists are going to discover. It’s going to dwarf not only modern-day science but present-day theology as well.”
But was there not, in his mind, a tiny possibility that one of these future physicists could discover God in one of these dimensions?
"Well, I’m convinced that future physicists will discover something at least as wonderful as any god you could ever imagine.” Why not call it God? “I don’t think it’s helpful to call it God.” OK, but what would “it” be like?
“I think it’ll be something wonderful and amazing and something difficult to understand. I think that all theological conceptions will be seen as parochial and petty by comparison.” He can even see how “design” by some gigantic intelligence might come into it. “But that gigantic intelligence itself would need an explanation. It’s not enough to call it God, it would need some sort of explanation such as evolution. Maybe it evolved in another universe and created some computer simulation that we are all a part of. These are all science-fiction suggestions but I am trying to overcome the limitations of the 21st-century mind. It’s going to be grander and bigger and more beautiful and more wonderful and it’s going to put theology to shame.”
Thank you for everyone who has commented on these articles. And thank you also for the 100% absence of hate mail. (Perhaps I wasn't trying hard enough.) There are some specific points that have been raised that I want to answer, but it may be a while before I get a round tuit.
Ruana said...
Your reasoning in the matter of Peter Kay escapes me. I have no idea why you conclude that it is the "cultus" aspect of belief that Kay finds comforting. (Not would find comforting, BTW - you misquoted him.) Nor can I see why you think that Dawkins came to the same conclusion and only pretended to believe otherwise.
I and other atheists of my acquaintance have no trouble at all doing without "stories, rituals, cerermonies..." and so on - what bothers us is that the absence of 'God', whatever one considers God to be, implies that the world really is as scary, unfair and random as it appears, with no divine plan and no afterlife to make everything right. Death really is the end - when a loved one's gone, they're gone. "Cultus" is quite unnecessary to comfort us on this score - belief would be enough.
And can we lay off asides like, "atheists and normal people"? I found that rather condescending.
I was amused by the quote from Blake at the end. I have no doubt that Blake would consider me a blockhead, but since Blake himself was clearly a lunatic, I'm not sure that means much. Wordsworth had the last word on Blake: "There was no doubt that this poor man was mad, but there is something in the madness of this man which interests me more than the sanity of Lord Byron and Walter Scott." I do admire Blake's imagination, but I'm okay with the fact that I stand entirely in opposition to William Blake, the anti-rationalist.
On a previous thread in this blog, I happened to be discussing my own thoughts on the relative mean intelligence of various professions. One of my interlocutors immediately jumped to the conclusion that I thought that the most intelligent were more likely to be right about, well, everything and that what I was saying was that these very smart people should make all the decisions. I had, of course, stated no such thing, but I found it interesting that the same sort of statement appeared here as a premise in Mr. Rilstone's argument, though it is not necessarily a premise with which Mr. Rilstone agrees, since he was giving an example of a fallacious argument.
The reason I bring it up is because it does seem to be assumed by an awful lot of people, and I think it is clearly not true. It seems to me that intelligence and education are generally substantial aids to acquiring true beliefs, but when intelligence is mixed with bias, I think there is good reason to think that it worsens one's ability to form true beliefs. High intelligence and extensive knowledge can be used as tools to rationalize one's pre-existing belief preferences. Less intelligent people might be forced to give up and concede error when presented with a forceful counter-argument, but very intelligent people have huge resources of information to selectively choose from in order to rationalize their beliefs and maintain their existing belief structure. The power of this ability should not be underestimated. It is, therefore, entirely invalid to proceed from the intelligence of a group of people who hold a certain opinion to conclude the truth or falsity of that opinion. In general, this sort of reasoning is always invalid, a sub-species of the argumentum ad verecundiam.
It is the strength of the argument that matters in determining its truth or falsity, not the intellect of the person presenting it. Intelligence is highly overrated.
For what it's worth, the smartest people I meet seem to be more likely to believe in God than otherwise, just as in the general population here in America, though I would guess that atheists are, on average, somewhat brighter than theists. The main driver of this phenomenon, I believe, is that people who are not by nature intellectuals (nothing wrong with that) tend to simply absorb a belief in God without much reflection so the less intelligent tend to adhere to the most populist belief system. I can also find a large number of quite silly beliefs where the average intelligence of the people believing it is greater than the average intelligence of people who don't. So the fact that atheists are probably, on average, more intelligent than theists tells us precisely nothing about the truth or falsity of atheism.
Sunday, 20 May, 2007
I have written a marvellous response to this article, but this comment is too small to contain it. :-)
Jallan said...
"In fact it almost certainly refers to the cultus in which the child participates."
I find this weak. Among liberal and "reformed"-type religious people this is often true. Among other types it isn't. Should a child be brought up to consider homosexuality a sin, for example?
"But clearly, Peter Kay had meant 'It would be a comfort to me to participate in a cultus,': Dawkins pretended that he thought he meant 'It would be a comfort to me to be convinced of the existence of a superhuman designer.'"
I think Peter Kay meant what Dawkins understdood. A lot of people do mean that ... that the idea of God, whether a Muslim God or liberal Christian God or whatever, is comforting (in part, of course, because they believe they are sufficiently on the side of that God that they aren't going to end up in Hell for all eternity.) If you are going attempt to argue against Dawkin's positions, I think you it should be Dawkin's position that you are arguing against.
"I'm a lot less offended by this idea than Dawkins presumably intends me to be."
Rather [i]ad hominen[/i]. I don't think Dawkins is trying to offend people in general, but convince them.
"'Why don't you go and talk to some Christians, you insufferably silly little man.'"
You follow this with what seems to be to be some remarkably silly ideas about what people might do. In fact, "talking to some Christians" is a s likely to confirm Dawkins' ideas as confute them. Are you really suggesting that Dawkins has not talked to people who claim to be Christians?
Consider for example the case at http://www.simpletoremember.com/vitals/Christian_Credibility.htm
where some of the people at Judaism online attempt to get an official Christian response to some of the problems they saw in the Gospels: whether Jesus' post-resurrection appearances were in Jerusalem or Galilee, the discrepant genealogies of Jesus, and how Jesus could be descended from David when David was supposedly Joseph's ancestor while Jesus' father was really God. The sent these questions to Pope John Paul II, and were referred instead to French Dominican Fathers' Ecole Biblique in Jerusalem, and from there they were referred to the Roman Catholic theologian Raymond E. Brown, who informed them that "post-resurrection appearance accounts are creative, substantially non-historical attempts to reconstruct events never witnessed by their respective authors", that Jesus' Davidic descent was probably not true but was later ascribed to him, and that neither genealogy is accurate. These opinions appear in books by Brown which carry the Roman Catholoic Church's [i]nihil obstat[/i] and [i]imprimatur[/i]. And Raymond E. Brown definitely considers himself a Christian and a Roman Catholic.
On the other hand, one would probably find quite different opinions offered by the current Pope, by Mel Gibson, Tony Blain, George Bush, and so forth about what Christians really believe or what they ought to believe, each of these persons ready to call their Blinker as evidence.
"Did Richard's Binker tell him that the Buddhist Binker was right and the Taliban Binker was wrong? Why trust his Binker any more than any one else's–especially when he whole argument is that you shouldn't pay any attention to any Blinker at all?"
So, presumably, if someone's Blinker says that homosexual behavior is sinful, as apparently many people believe, we should ignore it, while if Blinker tells you that homosexual behavior isn't sinful, we should listen? You appear to me to be as confused as Dawkins, if indeed Dawkins is confused. I take Dawkins as openly giving his personal opinions, not relying on a Blinker. Must one have a Blinker to allow one to claim that God told us not to destroy great art or that God told us it was Ok to eat pork, instead of deciding this on the basis of evidence anyone can examine.
I have referred to homosexuality because at the moment it is a major religious issue, not just a minor cultus issue that few care about.
You present yourself as a liberal Christian who tries to be reasonable and who believes most of what scientific research claims to have discovered, and accordingly are probably, in many ways closer to Dawkins philosphically than you are to many other religious persons, which may be partly why Dawkins annoys you so much.
Dawkins largely isn't talking about reasonable and tolerant liberal Christians and reasonable and tolerant liberal Jews and reasonable and tolerant liberal Muslims for whom their religious have indeed become largely just a cultus, though he stil, of course, thinks they are wrong and mislead, even though their Blinkers most agree with can be ascertained by reason, in which case why bother with a Blinker at all? Dawkins is talking far more about those who believe the hard parts of their supposed faiths, such as short-term creationism, and who want to force these beliefs on others; or those who claim that because their religion forbids anyone to display Muhammed in pictorial form, that everyone, whether a believer in their religion or not, should be bound by the same rules. He's talking about those who insist that their rules about divorce and using condoms and so forth ought to be applied to everyone, whether they are believers or not (and that is the official Roman Catholic position, despite many Roman Catholics, perhaps most Roman Catholics, not accepting it).
"But, but, but, but, but.... Where did the concepts of sanctity, value and nobility come from?"
Ask Buddhists if you want, or any agnostic or aetheists or agnostics who accept these things without seeing any needing or reason bring a god or gods into the picture. Its perhaps better than one feels that one's hatred of rock music or Wagner or whatever is subjective than that it is proclaimed by God.
As I've been telling anyone who will listen for years, this is a false dilemma. There is no either/or choice between 1) values are subjective and 2) values are proclaimed by God. My fellow atheists like Dawkins generally do accept this false dilemma, since they seem to believe that objective values, in and of themselves, are somehow "mystical" or "mysterious." Sadly, as I've demonstrated before, subjective values force one to abandon reason entirely. (Since the value statement, "on the subject about which we are reasoning, we ought to believe only what is true" is a necessary precursor for rational thought.) So if I am a mystic, at least I'm not a lunatic.
I'm afraid this may be no consolation for those atheists who fervently desire to get rid of objective values since they seem to hate the idea that we should ever judge any action as wrong. This opinion, however, by its nature, can only rely on a subjective value judgment and we can, therefore, safely dismiss it as unworthy of consideration.
I think your argument against subjectivism is flawed. What's necessary for rational thought is the intention to believe (so far as possible) what's true; it's not necessary to universalize that intention.
(Actually, I think the intention required is that of believing what one has evidence for. I'd love to believe only what's true, but realistically there are bound to be situations in which the evidence available to me points the wrong way. But that's a technical detail, not relevant either to the argument you're making or to my criticism of it.)
I'm not sure you quite see what I'm driving at. There are an infinite number of possible criteria we could choose to base belief on. We could choose to believe in those things which are pleasant (say, Santa Claus and the Tooth Fairy), we could choose to believe only those things which do not contradict Freudian theory, we could choose to believe only what is in the Bible, etc., etc.
Rational thought begins when we make the value judgment that what we ought to believe are those things which are true. This is so obvious that almost everybody agrees that any other criterion is irrational. This value judgment is so ingrained that we rarely think of it as a value judgment, but it is. If that value judgment were not true, then there is no reason to prefer rationality to any of the many other different criteria we could choose.
Rational thought begins, for any given person, when s/he decides to believe (so far as possible) only what's true. (Blah blah caveats blah blah nuances blah.) A person acting with that intention is being, or at least trying to be, rational, even if s/he doesn't have any sense that everyone else ought to do the same; even if s/he doesn't have any notion of "ought" that goes beyond the prudential at all. So you can think rationally without assuming any sort of universalized values.
I think your last paragraph, being interpreted, saith: "Someone who doesn't believe in objective values doesn't have a reason grounded in objective values for being rational". That's true, obviously, but that doesn't mean that they aren't rational or that they shouldn't be rational.
You don't even need universalized values for rational discussion; what you need for that is that the people involved share a preference for rationality.
I'm not actually going to argue with this, since the value doesn't have to be universal to make my argument. (Once I establish the objectivity of the value for a single observer, namely me, I'm eventually going to argue that it is applicable for all humans, but that's at a much later stage. I freely grant that we can imagine an entity who ought not to believe things that are true. E.g. a magical entity whose every belief automatically becomes true. Now we may very well wish him to believe in a world with differences from our own.) I'm not sure what you mean by the use of the word prudential. Surely, with no objective values, there isn't any reason to be prudent.
Now you're reaching the crux of the matter. Taking the last part first, what does it mean to say "that doesn't mean that they shouldn't be rational" in a world without objective values. It's true that we can't say "they shouldn't be rational." It's also true that we can't say "they should be rational." All ought/should statements are entirely undermined. I'm going to take issue with your paraphrase "Someone who doesn't believe in objective values doesn't have a reason grounded in objective values for being rational." It's not just that they don't have a reason grounded in objective values. Without objective values, they cannot have a reason at all. They can in the sense of a causal motivator; I am using the word reason in its justifying sense. They might have a preference or a desire, but it cannot be the case that "they should be rational." Such statements assume the existence of objective values.
For the sake of argument, let us assume that there are no objective values. It is, therefore, not true that "on the subject of the existence of objective values, I ought to believe what is true." I may very well have a preference (no longer a rational one) for believing the truth, but it's not the sort of thing one would argue for. It's merely a taste of mine, something I do because I like it.
The problem is that rationality no longer holds a privileged position. It's just a taste or a whim. I might like to believe true things, you might like to believe what's in the Bible, he might like to believe in Freudian theory, etc. It's no longer possible to argue that rationality is actually preferable to these other beliefs. The usual response now is to argue that rationality is preferable for some higher-level reason. Perhaps because it helps us to survive, or it helps us to make the world better, or some other reason. Now I agree that rationality does these things, of course, but the point is that you have no objective reason to value survival or a better world or anything else you might care to name. These are just tastes of yours, and I need take no more than a biographical interest in the fact you believe them.
It might be possible to build up a consistent and coherent world view without objective values. (Hume, for example, argued that moral sentiments weren't rational, but are, and ought to be, superior to reason. This is virtually the only escape hatch, though it's not popular among many moral subjectivists.) It is not possible to build up a rational world view without objective values. Hume's was explicitly non-rational (while preserving reason for non-moral judgments) because he understood the implications of his position.
By "prudential", I mean something like "relative to other goals". For instance, if you want to remain alive, then you "ought" to eat. If you want to have descendants, then you "ought" to have sex. Also: If you enjoy eating, then you "ought" to eat, and likewise for sex. These things don't have to be, or to be regarded as, objective truths in order to affect how we live. And I'm suggesting that if someone aims to believe only what's true simply because s/he likes believing true things and not false things, or because s/he sees that strategy as a means to a valued end (such as remaining alive), then that's sufficient to produce rationality.
what does it mean to say "that doesn't mean that they shouldn't be rational" in a world without objective values? It means (1) that if you take "shouldn't" to mean something objective, then (in a world without objective values) it isn't true that they shouldn't be rational because nothing of the form "X shouldn't do Y" is true; and (2) that if you take it to mean something preference-relative, then (even in a world without objective values) rationality could well be an effective means to whatever ends they find themselves seeking. Note that I didn't say "that means that they should be rational"; the double-negative form wasn't mere clumsiness.
What do you take to be the "justifying sense" of "reason" if it isn't equivalent to "a reason grounded in objective values"? I honestly don't see any difference between the two in your usage. And I think that means that it's begging the question when you shift from "subjective values force one to abandon reason entirely" to "subjective values mean that there isn't a reason to be rational".
I may very well have a preference (no longer a rational one) for believing the truth, but it's not the sort of thing one would argue for. Correct, except that your hypothetical preference is still "rational" in at least some useful senses. Just as your (actual, in the real world) preference for believing the truth isn't the sort of thing one would argue for. You described it as "a necessary precursor for rational thought"; I don't think you can argue -- not rationally, at least -- for or against something that's a necessary precursor for rational thought. My claim is that rationality is possible even for people who don't believe in objective values, not that it's demonstrably required of them.
It's merely a taste of mine, something I do because I like it. It needn't be exactly that, even in the absence of objective values. For instance, it could be something you do because you can't help it. Or something you do because you've found it necessary for the sake of other things you can't help valuing. If I became convinced that there are no objective values (I'm not, and indeed I am inclined to think there are) then I would go on trying to believe true things and disbelieve false things, because (1) the desire to do so is so deeply ingrained in me that I can't see either how I could change it or why I'd want to, and (2) even if I didn't care about truth as such, believing true things and not false things is extremely useful to me.
The problem is that rationality no longer holds a privileged position. You said, before, that someone who doesn't believe in objective values is forced "to abandon reason entirely". That's what I was disagreeing with. I agree that not believing in objective values requires you not to regard rationality as objectively privileged; that's an entirely different matter. (Someone who rejects objective values could still give rationality a privileged position, e.g. by making it their primary criterion in deciding what to believe. So I assume what you mean is that they couldn't give it an objectively privileged position.)
It's no longer possible to argue that rationality is actually preferable to those beliefs. Not that it's objectively preferable, no. Again, this is not at all the same claim as you made before.
and I need take no more than a biographical interest in the fact you believe them. That's right. Just as, in a world with objective values, you need take no more than a biographical interest in the fact that anyone believes anything. (They might be wrong, or mad, or whatever.) But, actually, if you don't take "need" to mean "am impelled to by some objective value" (which you shouldn't, if you don't wish to beg the question) then it seems to me that it could well be that you "need" to value survival or a better world or whatever.
Calling Hume's view "non-rational" seems pretty strange to me. Perhaps it wasn't rationalistic, but I don't think that's the same thing. If every world-view that involves believing some things that aren't arrived at by a process of pure reasoning is "non-rational" then I'm not at all convinced that there's anyone with a "rational" world-view.
Gareth, it actually appears that we have no differences here. My basic point is that, without objective values, it is not rational to be rational, not that behavior otherwise consistent with rationality is impossible. If you believe that I made this argument sloppily, I am willing to plead guilty. This is why I say that, without objective values, we don't have any justifying reason to be rational. You appear to accept this, so we are left with no dispute. For my part, I certainly agree that one could, if one wished, go on using the forms of rationality, even if rationality itself is not rational. (It's nearly impossible for me to imagine a world without objective values. I'd try to hypothesize about what I'd do if I believed I lived in such a world, but I guess that's pointless since, by definition, it doesn't really matter.)
My real argument against values being purely subjective is A) purely on appearances, it appears to be false (I could give many examples of narrow moral propositions which seem about as certain as anything is) and B) there is no particularly strong argument to support the view. Most of the arguments used - the argument from evolution, the argument from differences, etc., are surprisingly weak, given how widespread their acceptance is. They tend to rely on variants of the skeptical fallacy, which claims that we can't claim to know things unless we know them infallibly. (These people never seem to ask if they know that infallibly.)
I don't believe that the existence of a god or gods is a fact. Because I am rational, I therefore don't believe in a god or gods. However, if I also did not believe in objective values, I have no response to the people who say "Who cares if it isn't true? Why shouldn't I believe it anyway?" I know why I argue against the existence of a god, but I'm baffled why the moral subjectivists do. Given their beliefs, I have to assume it's just some form of bullying or pressure politics. (Alternately, it could be a preference for rationality, despite the irrationality of that.) Some religious people, particularly the fuzzy religious, will argue that they believe in a god because they want it to be true, irrespective of whether it is true. Without objective values, there can't be anything wrong with that. (There can't be anything right with it either.)
I could probably convince you. I believe, unlike Hume, that morality is rational, for example. It's not merely sentiment. I suspect you're unnecessarily restricting the scope of reason. (I've never been sure what the adjective pure means in this context, though its pedigree goes back to Kant at least. Is there an impure reason?) Religious people restrict the scope of reason all the time. They talk about faith as a way, separate from reason, for arriving at the truth. This shows confusion about what reason is. Reason isn't one tool among many for arriving at the truth. It's the entire toolbox, the whole set of proven methods we use to arrive at true beliefs. Some of these methods (deductive logic) are all but infallible, given that their axioms are true. Some of them (most of science) are quite reliable, but not infallible. If faith could be demonstrated to work to arrive at true beliefs, then faith would be rational and it would be silly to talk about faith separate from reason.
What I agree with is this: If there are no objective values of any sort, then there is no objective requirement for us to be rational. What I don't understand is why that is supposed to be interesting :-). Whereas "subjective values force one to abandon reason entirely", if true, would be very interesting.
I think the best argument against objective values is a "skeptical" one, but not one that appeals to the (obviously crazy) principle that if we can't know something with absolute certainty then we can't know anything about it at all. That is: It's very unclear how we can know (even in part, even uncertainly) anything about whatever objective values there might be. We don't appear to have value-perceiving organs, after all. (Do we have truth-perceiving organs? Heck yes, that's what all our sensory organs are.)
Without objective values, there can't be anything wrong with that: not objectively, no. It could still turn out, e.g., that that approach is in conflict with the subjective values of the person in question.
I wasn't using "pure reasoning" in Kant's sense; I meant "reasoning on its own, without guesswork, or wishful thinking, or reliance on dubious assumptions, or other methods not known to be reliable".
Ah, well, now we're getting somewhere. I believe I can answer all these criticisms. The key point to my argument that lack of objective values causes the abandonment of reason is the realization that, without objective values, it is not rational to be rational. This is, I believe, an important insight. I'm surprised you don't find it compelling. I believe it cuts reason off at the knees in exactly the same way that the inability to vet the verification principle (which was neither self-evident nor verifiable itself) eventually doomed logical positivism.
On the argument against objective values, this sounds very much like J.L. Mackie's "argument from queerness." I maintain that we have a number of a priori intuitions which we apprehend with our reason. E.g. "the shortest distance between two points is a straight line," "one plus one equals two," etc. Those are mathematical intuitions. We also have logical intuitions like the Law of Identity and the Law of Non-Contradiction. I maintain that we also have ethical intuitions such as "all else being equal, pleasure is better than pain," "honesty is a virtue," etc. Not all of these intuitions are true. For example, many people seem to have the physical intuition that "all causes are local; there is no action from a distance." The latest quantum physics (Bell's Theorem) seems to indicate that that intuition is false. I argue that, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, we are prima facie justified in accepting these intuitions as true, though it is a defeasible justification. The faculty that we are using is, I suspect, very much akin to whatever faculties we use to apprehend the axioms of logic or mathematics. On an abstract level, it is simply our reason that we are using to judge these values.
The gist of my argument against Mackie's "queerness" argument is that it doesn't seem very forceful to me. I don't see what's so strange about a moral intuition that isn't equally strange about a logical intuition or a mathematical intuition, both of which are, presumably, accepted by Mackie. (He uses logic after all and appears to assume the same axioms that we all do.) My own opinion is that Mackie is appealing to an essentially unargued-for intuition of his own, the idea that objective values themselves are "queer" or "mysterious." Obviously, many people seem to have this intuition, but I don't see why we should consider it more compelling than the intuition that "we ought to believe what is true" (which Mackie also seems to accept, presumably for subjective reasons of his own).
I have always been baffled why people accept the objective truth of mathematics, easily as mysterious as morality, but not the objectivity of morality. I suspect it's mostly because math is very easy and morality, beyond some basic axioms that just about everyone agrees with, is hard.
I don't think you've shown that "without objective values, it is not rational to be rational". At least, not if "rational" is taken with the same sense both times; you probably have (but I think it's obvious and -- again, my apologies -- not very interesting) if you take the first one to mean something like "obligatory" and the second to mean something like "such as to lead to beliefs in accordance with the evidence".
(And, as I've said before, nothing you've said undermines the claim, for any particular person, that being rational is an effective means to the ends that they (subjectively) value -- which I think is all that any disbeliever in objective values is going to think it reasonable to ask, else they'd be a believer in objective values already.)
This faculty of reason by which we apprehend these truths: what is it, and how much should we trust it, and why?
It seems to me that there are three different reasons why we might trust it in any given instance. Firstly, because we have no choice. (That's our situation with, e.g., our intuitive judgement that what we like to think of as our observations of the world really are derived in some somewhat-consistent way from a somewhat-consistent external reality.) Secondly, because we've been able to check some particular intuition -- against other intuitions, against observation, etc. -- and have found it reliable when a priori it might not have been. (That's our situation with, e.g., our intuitive judgement that shortest distances are in straight lines. Though actually I'm not so sure that *is* an intuitive judgement, and you need to be a bit subtle in how you define "straight line" if you want it to be true.)) Thirdly, because we can see how the intuition actually got there (e.g., that it's the result of lots of observation of the world, or that it's hard-wired in a way selected for in evolution) and check that the mechanism in question "works". (That might be our situation with some of our intuitions about the physical world. It's also our situation with the intuition that pleasure is generally good and pain bad, *if* you don't mind taking "good" and "bad" relatively.)
None of those seems to be the case for our intuitions about objective values. It's clearly possible to get by without a belief in objective values -- plenty of people do. There isn't, so far as I know, any way of checking those intuitions (though we can, e.g., check that some of them accord with other people's intuitions, which might confirm them if interpreted intersubjectively rather than objectively). And we know rather little about where they come from, and what conjectures there are (from the evolutionary psychologists) don't seem very encouraging for realism about values.
Now, for sure, an alternative to all the above case-by-case stuff is to declare that we have a Faculty Of Reason, which we just have to trust (except when we don't) and which somehow Apprehends all these diverse things -- objective values, mathematical truths, fundamental facts about how the world behaves. But then, as I hinted above, I think we could do with a better idea than (so far as I know) anyone has of what this Faculty of Reason actually is, and how it works.
I don't see what's so strange about a moral intuition that isn't equally strange about a logical intuition or a mathematical intuition: well, logical and mathematical intuitions can in fact be wrong; one thing that distinguishes the ones we tend to take for granted now is that they've been carefully scrutinized and found not to lead to trouble. That sort of scrutiny doesn't seem to be available for moral intuitions. And I think there's a reasonably plausible account available of how we get our logical and mathematical intuitions and why we should mostly trust them (they're derived from how the world behaves, which we can check by observation; or they're abstractions of how our thinking fits together internally, which we can check by looking at lots of different cases and finding that, e.g., we encounter no contradictions as we build up the vast edifices of modern mathematics), whereas there doesn't seem to be anything corresponding for our moral intuitions -- and indeed we *do*, time and time again, run across situations with values that seem very much parallel to contradictions in logic.
I feel the appeal of the considerations you cite, really I do; all my prejudices are in favour of realism about values, and my reasons (such as they are) are just the same as yours -- we have these strong somewhat-shared intuitions, etc., etc. But I don't see how anything you've said comes close to showing that realism about values is necessary for reason, still less that it's *right*.
A quick response, and I might write up a longer essay later to address your epistemological questions. You say that my first definition for rational must be "obligatory," but my argument is that we need objective morality, not for it to be obligatory, but for it to be justified. (Rationality is the belief that we ought to hold only justified beliefs.) I don't believe it is tenable to hold a subjective morality which yields justification. You give examples of "we ought to do X in order to do Y." However, why ought we to do or desire Y?
Here is a simple argument for moral realism. "It is wrong to torture a little child just for the fun of it." Any argument that you present against this statement must have premises. If your argument is valid, I have to decide on its soundness by weighing whether your premises are more plausible than the statement "It is wrong to torture a little child just for the fun of it." What premises are you going to start with that are more certain than that one? Some moral statements are as certain as any of our knowledge is. It's considerably more certain than evolution (which I believe in), but which has a long, complicated chain of reasoning behind it, which could have gone wrong at multiple stages.
I still believe that you are being lured by the siren song of skepticism. You're applying skeptical premises to moral knowledge, completely inconsistently with what you do with other forms of knowledge (e.g. knowledge of the external world). This is perfectly understandable. Skepticism stems from a very plausible premise (the idea that we need to have absolute certainty in order to know something). Obviously, we all reject the skeptical conclusion, but many of us retain the skeptical premises. What this leaves us with is a completely inconsistent epistemology which allows us to believe whatever we like. If we like a belief, we apply our less-rigorous epistemology. If we don't like it, we apply our skeptical standards. This is a very easy trap to fall into.
By the way, I have certainly not taken any offense at your claim that I am not saying anything interesting. (Even if my argument is properly understood, I don't regard it as terribly interesting. It is, after all, the view of most philosophers, with some notable exceptions like J.L. Mackie.) I disagree with the stigmatization of intellectual error. While I believe you are mistaken on this, I also believe you have good reasons for the mistakes.
By the way, I should point out that there is an answer to my argument. If you take Hume's view, you can say that moral sentiments are not rational, but that they are, and ought to be, superior to reason. (I.e. we are justified in believing them via a non-rational process.) I have mentioned on this blog and, I believe, even this thread that I cannot prove this view to be wrong. Its plausibility versus my moral realist view, I suspect, is determined by whether you believe moral judgments are usually made via a process of reason or via a process of sentiment. I believe they are usually made via a process of reason. I have been able to convince many people that their claim that "adult consensual incest is wrong" rests on an error of emotion (disgust) and I do this via a process of reason. Hume would likely argue that, in the end, I am appealing to more powerful sentiments in order to complete my reasoning process. Perhaps he is correct.
I must confess that I don't really see any particular need to refute Hume. My interest in refuting moral anti-realism is due principally to more naive views which claim that moral values are never justified and therefore we can safely ignore any moral arguments. As long as you don't hold this view (and I'm sure that you don't), it doesn't really matter that much if you agree with my moral realism or Hume's anti-realism which nevertheless grants the force of moral arguments. Very few people actually hold this naive view. They just try to use it as a trump card over any moral view they disagree with.
No, I didn't quite say -- or at least I didn't mean to -- that your first definition of "rational" must be "obligatory". But I don't see how your argument can work if it's not something along those lines. In particular, if it means "justified" then I think you need to give "justified" a meaning with some notion of objective values built in. But I think someone who's skeptical about objective values can just say "Rationality is more effective in delivering the things I value than any other policy", and I don't see how it's incoherent for such a person to regard that as a justification for rationality.
However, why ought we to do or desire Y? No moral nonrealist will care about that question, and their disinclination to answer it isn't an argument against their views unless you're taking moral realism as a premise -- in other words, arguing in a circle.
Speaking of which, your so-called argument for moral realism is, of course, not an argument for moral realism, because it starts by assuming (something that transparently implies) moral realism as an axiom. And the fact that something feels certain (which, of course, I agree many moral statements do) doesn't imply that it really is certain. Subjective certainty is no guarantee of correctness.
So far as I'm aware, you don't know what degree of skepticism I apply either to "moral knowledge" or "other forms of knowledge". I'm glad that you find the straw man you've constructed "perfectly understandable", but I'm not sure that the fact advances our discussion materially.
For the record: I am in fact a moral realist, but I differ from you in being (so to speak) a fideist about moral realism; I'm not arguing that (e.g.) torturing small children for fun isn't wrong, I'm arguing that the particular argument you've given for moral realism doesn't have the force you seem to think it does; as for other forms of knowledge, I wouldn't in fact say that we know, e.g., that empirical induction works or that solipsism is false, but that we have to assume those things on pain of epistemic paralysis; it is absolutely no part of any argument I've made that we "need to have absolute certainty in order to know something", and I see no reason to believe your claim (if I've understood you right) that what I say is the result of accepting that premise while inconsistently denying its consequences.
I'm afraid I'm not sure what you mean by "I disagree with the stigmatization of intellectual error". Are you saying that you don't think there's anything wrong with intellectual error, or that you think I'm stigmatizing you as intellectually erroneous but disagree with my assessment? (If the latter, I don't quite see how "I disagree with the stigma of intellectual error" differs from "I don't think I'm wrong".)
I don't see how to reconcile your statements that (1) you don't see any need to refute Hume, who says that moral sentiments are not rational and who isn't a moral realist, and (2) you think moral realism is a necessary precondition for rationality. Nor how to reconcile #1 with (3) your statement that moral realism is more obviously correct than any argument against it could be.
Excuse me; there's one important thing I forgot to say.
Rationality is the belief that we ought to hold only justified beliefs: If you define "rationality" this way then, duh, of course it presupposes moral realism, because that use of "ought" does so. But that isn't what any moral nonrealist means by "rationality", and I don't see why any moral realist should use "rationality" that way. I might call that belief "rationalism", but that's not the same thing. Rationality is (roughly) the practice of trying to hold only justified beliefs. That, and not the value-laden thing you're terming "rationality", is what I'm saying is consistent with moral nonrealism. Perhaps we have no disagreement after all.
dt said...
But I think that the majority of mainstream Jews, Christians, Muslims and very probably Mormons would agree with [Dawkins' definition]. 'God'–defined as 'a being who deliberately designed and created everything in the universe including us' does not exist.
Just because they're not using 'need for a designer' as an argument, must we assume they don't believe God *is* a designer? Leaving aside the arguments -- if they think there IS a God who DIDN'T design us, what do they think He DID do, and why should we care?
google优化 said...
Thursday, 15 November, 2007
Being for the benefit of people who want to link t...
Nice Things (2)
5: Well, that just about wraps it up for Dawkins ...
I wish I had said that
'I am a liar' admits lying liar
4: Who is this Dawkins Person Anyway? If you enj...
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THE MATRIX cameras started rolling with Christine Anu, who has scored a role, and Jada Pinkett Smith – wife of Will Smith – being two of the first stars to appear on set. Pinkett Smith arrived in Sydney on the weekend.
WELL before "action" was called, Keanu Reeves led the Matrix cast and crew on a Buddhist chant with incense burning to ward off any evil spirits hovering near the production's doorstep. Carrie-Anne Moss and Lozza Fishburne also took part.
Why Keanu likes to play Hardball
By TERRY LAWSON in Toronto , Daily Telegraph
THE last time I saw Keanu Reeves in Toronto, he had returned to the city where he grew up to attend a screening of his third film, The Prince of Pennsylvania.
Arriving at a party at what was then the city's trendiest restaurant, he looked uncomfortable in a flannel shirt and jeans, standing alone near the bar, drinking a beer.
Four hours later, I walked by the restaurant and there was Reeves, sprawled on a bench in front, apparently asleep and utterly unbothered.
Fifteen years later, Reeves is not likely to go unnoticed in public. While it seemed as if half the stars in Hollywood were encamped at midtown's Four Seasons Hotel, the crowd that had gathered outside was primarily hoping for a glimpse of Reeves, back to promote his new movie, Hardball.
"Did you see him?" asked a woman in a tank top and navel ring, looking a few years past the Backstreet Boys age of stage-door vigil. "What was he was wearing? Was he with anybody?"
As to the latter question, it's one every inquiring – read nosy P – mind's been trying to figure out for years; if there's a more private person in Hollywood than Reeves, he's not in the movie business. As to the former, he was wearing a smart black suit and a crisp black T-shirt, plus a pair of old brown clodhoppers with the clods seemingly still attached. His white socks barely made it to the top of the boots. Reeves, however, is not the kind of person you joke with about fashion confusion, or anything else, at least on the record. With journalists he's notoriously remote and businesslike. He comes to work.
The attempt to coax the restaurant-bench memory from him is fruitless: "I don't remember that," he says flatly, "but I'm not disputing your memory." Nor does he remember much about the two days he spent in Detroit last year filming Hardball, in which he plays a ticket-scalper and sports bettor who gets so deep into bookies he has to take a job coaching a Little League team in Chicago's Cabrini Green, generally regarded as the toughest housing project in the United States.
In the film, Reeves is seen selling tickets outside a Bulls game, which is apparently being played at Cobo. When he takes his team for an outing at Wrigley, the famous field is played by Tiger Stadium, which is spending its retirement as a movie stand-in, having impersonated other ballparks in For Love of the Game and 61*.
"When I'm working, I don't go out; I usually just stay in my room and prepare," says Reeves.
His preparation for Hardball extended to some research on his character's occupations.
"I had a friend who called a friend who hooked me up with this businessman who works out of a bar, and I spent the night with him and some of his customers, drinking and listening to some pretty incredible stories. And me and John Hawkes (who plays his scalping partner in the film) spent a night over at Wrigley, doing some business ourselves," he recalls.
"Oh, sure, I got busted (recognised), but after we went through all the movie stuff, then we'd haggle over the ticket prices. I got some people some pretty good seats for a fair price. It was capitalism at work. People got seats; Wrigley made money; I made money."
Like Wrigley, Cabrini Green had its own stand-in in Hardball, a smaller, apparently safer project called Alma. But Reeves said he took a walk one night that unexpectedly led him to the real Cabrini, where residents were friendly enough to greet him with Yo, Bill and Ted, and Yo, Eno.
The first refers to Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure, the film that made him a star and established his persona as dude. The latter refers to his character in The Matrix, the film that made him an epic action star. The day after this interview, Reeves was set to return to Australia, where he had been since July, to resume work in earnest on the two sequels to the 1999 surprise smash. The first of these, filming under the title Matrix Reloaded, will be released in 2002.
Reeves says the next two Matrix chapters "are so beyond the first film it's unbelievable." Without revealing anything about the plot, he promises the films will be deeper and more elaborate in every way, especially in regard to story. "They're just a lot more layered.
"I never did think of The Matrix as an action film," says Reeves. "To me it was science-fiction drama, and the special effects, as amazing as they were, are only part of the storytelling process. What the Wachowskis (brothers Andy and Larry, who co-directed and co-wrote) have done is synthesised everything that's going on emotionally, technologically and philosophically in movies in ways that made everything else look instantly old-fashioned. I mean, all you have to do is see the movies that came out in the last year to see the influence it had."
Reeves will be in Australia for nine months making the films, but he's not one of those movie stars who takes along a squad of assistants or a posse of pals for diversion. A guitar, some books and a good job, he says, are pretty much his only requirements.
"Nine months isn't that long when you have work to do and you're focused on it," says Reeves. "I think I'll survive it."
Keanu shares Matrix booty
Darrell Giles in Los Angeles
KEANU Reeves, who arrived in Australia last week for back-to-back filming of the Matrix sequels, is not a man motivated by money.
According to the Wall Street Journal, Reeves has given away millions of dollars in potential earnings from the two action movies he is making in Sydney.
Reeves was said to have signed away sizeable back-end deals for his upcoming roles.
The Journal said he had handed over profit points to the special effects and costume design teams.
"He felt that they were the ones who made the movie and that they should participate," movie execs said. Going by money made from The Matrix, that's quite a bit of green stuff.
Reeves took $A20 million up front and made another $A50 million from back-end deals when the film became a worldwide box office smash.
Reeves is not opposed to sharing the spoils. He took a huge pay cut on The Devil's Advocate so execs could afford Al Pacino.
Matrix star on a roll
By PHILLIP KOCH
MATRIX star Keanu Reeves hopped straight back on his bike after returning to Sydney from Los Angeles last week.
And with filming of Matrix Reloaded due to start this week, the brooding young hunk looked much more the movie star than last week.
He has shaved off his grungy facial growth in preparation for his first day on set with co-stars Laurence Fishburne and Carrie-Anne Moss.
Dressed in his regulation black street clothes, Reeves was seen burning up fashionable Oxford St on a Harley-Davidson last Thursday night.
He returned to Sydney only on Wednesday after attending the Hollywood premiere of his film, Hardball, with co-star Amanda De Cadenet. He was on the same flight as pop princess Britney Spears and US Open hero Lleyton Hewitt, but escaped the waiting media.
However, he was photographed Reeves preparing to ride out of his harbourside hotel on his impressive black Harley, complete with Californian plates.
The Sunday Mail
Hopefuls line up for extras jobs on the Matrix sequel top left and above Keanu Reeves practices martial arts
Sunday Mail 9th September 2001. Text of newspaper article below
How Keanu gets his kicks
PHILLIP KOCH
HOLLYWOOD actor Keanu Reeves is hoping to kick-start his career with The Matrix sequels.
Reeves, stung by a string of box office flops and personal tragedy, arrived in Sydney last week to start work on two follow-ups to the 1999 Oscar-winning movie and immediately got stuck into a punishing training regime.
Along with co-stars Carrie-Ann Moss, Laurence Fishburne and Australian Hugo Weaving, Reeves arrives on the Fox Studios lot at 7.30am and trains for up to 10 hours.
"All the actors have been undergoing intensive martial arts training," one insider on the set of Matrix Unloaded said. "They emerge only for a lunch break and they're usually in training gear. The caterer has also prepared high protein diets for them."
After workouts at the purpose-built gym to get in shape for the demanding fight sequences, even Reeves is hardly recognisable in sweatpants, beanie and boots.
Despite Reeves' enthusiasm for the sequels, The Matrix insiders say he still has depression following the stillbirth of his daughter last year and death of his girlfriend, Jennifer Syme, in a car crash in April.
The name has been announced for the second Matrix movie and it is
Thanks to Coming Attractions for the info
Keeanu Reeves is coming back to Australia in October for the filming of The Matrix 2 and 3
WARNER BROS. PICTURES ANNOUNCES PLANS TO FILM "THE MATRIX" SEQUELS IN
Burbank, CA, March 29, 2001 - Producer Joel Silver and directors Larry
and Andy Wachowski will shoot sequels to their groundbreaking, Academy
Award-winning blockbuster "The Matrix" in Australia, it was announced
today by Lorenzo di Bonaventura, President of Worldwide Production,
"We had a terrific experience shooting 'The Matrix' in Australia,"
Lorenzo di Bonaventura said. "We look forward to returning to the
state-of-the-art facilities and incredible locations in Sydney to shoot
the sequels in collaboration with the talented local production crew and
with the cooperation of the Australian government."
"This is wonderful news because it's return business," said Bob Carr,
the Sydney-based Premier of New South Wales. "'The Matrix' was the
first big international production to come to our new Sydney studios.
Now the sequels will be shot here as well. That's a great vote of
confidence in our crews, our locations and our facilities. It confirms
our position as a leading film-making destination."
After completing preliminary photography in California, the production
will be based at the Fox Studios in Sydney. "The Matrix" sequels will
film on location in Sydney with the support and assistance of the
Federal Government, the State Government of New South Wales, N.S.W.
State Premier Bob Carr, and the Office of State and Regional
Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburne, Carrie-Anne Moss and Hugo Weaving will
reprise their roles from "The Matrix." Also returning will be
Australian producer Andrew Mason, as well as numerous local crew members
and award-winning technicians from the original "Matrix" production.
The highly acclaimed action thriller won four Academy Awards, became the
fastest-selling DVD on record at the time of its release, and has
accumulated the biggest box office in Warner Bros. Pictures' history -
over $450 million worldwide.
"The Matrix" sequels are scheduled to begin production in Sydney in
September 2001. The films will be distributed worldwide by Warner Bros.
Pictures and, in select territories, by Village Roadshow Pictures.
Because there are so many sites on The Matrix 2 and 3 I can't even compete.
So what I have decided to do is try to list info from an Australian perspective.
Location pictures etc that will not be accessible for overseas fans of the series.
Adding these pictures for The Matrix in case someone hasn't seen them before
The Matrix 1999
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NAR Section 505 By-Laws
Article 1. Name: The name of this organization shall be the Kansas City Association of Rocketry, Section 505 of the National Association of Rocketry.
Note: new but as yet unratified changes to the bylaws appear in blue.
Article 2. Purpose: It shall be the purpose of KCAR to
(a) aid and abet the aims and purposes of the NAR in the Kansas City area of western Missouri and northeast Kansas,
(b) to operate and maintain a model rocket range (or ranges) in accordance with the NAR Standards and Regulations,
(c) to hold meetings for the purpose of aiding and encouraging all those interested in rocketry, and
(d) to engage in other scientific, educational, or related activities as the NAR, KCAR, or the KCAR Board of Directors may from time to time deem necessary or desirable in connection with the foregoing.
Article 3. Membership:
(a) All members of KCAR shall be at least seven years of age (or supervised by an adult), and shall follow the NAR Model Rocket Safety Code and/or the NAR High Power Safety Code in all KCAR activities.
(b) He or she must stat his/her desire to be a member of the club and give his/her contact information along with his/her NAR or TRA number (if any) to the current Secretary.
(c) He or she must demonstrate basic understanding of the sport of model rocketry by safely launching a model rocket at one of the past three regularly scheduled KCAR launches or demonstrations.
(d) Membership is terminated if the member has not attended a launch nor meeting in the prior six months, and/or has not paid dues for more than one calendar year as of December 31 of the current year.
(e) A member may be removed from the rolls at their request and shall at that tie be refunded his or her pro-rated dues (if current).
(f) A member may be struck from the rolls, forfeiting dues, but a two-thirds vote of KCAR members present and voting at any regular meeting.
(g) KCAR encourages NAR membership. Any KCAR member who is a NAR member in good standing may compete for points at any NAR sanctioned meet, and may hold the office of KCAR President, Vice-President, or Secretary-Treasurer. If said member is a Senior Member of the NAR in good standing, he or she may be the Section Adviser, or act as Range Safety Officer or Launch Control Officer at a KCAR launch.
(h) Honorary memberships may be appointed at the the discretion of the board of directors, and are not counted when determining the quorum count.
Article 4. Dues: Dues shall be $12.00 per year for individual membership, and $18.00 per year for family membership. Dues are payable in January. New members who join later in the year will have their dues pro-rated for the remainder of that year. These KCAR dues are separate and distinct from national dues paid to the NAR. All dues monies shall be kept in a General Fund by the Secretary-Treasurer and shall be paid out by him or her only on order of the KCAR Board of Directors. Special assessments may be levied by a majority vote of the members present and voting at any KCAR meeting, provided notice of such intent is given in writing to each member at least five days preceding such a meeting.
Article 5. Meetings: KCAR meetings shall be held at least six (6) times per year at times and Places designated by the KCAR Board of Directors. Operation of the rocket range shall not be considered a meeting. However, this shall not prevent meetings held at the range after a launch, or while the range is closed temporarily for lunch break or weather conditions; provided notice of such a meeting is given in advance to each member. A quorum shall be the square root of the current KCAR membership, and shall include at least two members of the KCAR Board of Directors. Meetings shall be conducted and governed by "Roberts' Rules of Order, Revised"
Article 6. Board of Directors: The KCAR Board of Directors shall consist of the three officers, one member at large, and a Senior Member of the NAR who shall be designated by the NAR as Section Adviser.
Article 7. Officers: The KCAR officers shall consist of a President, a Vice President, and a Secretary - Treasurer, all of whom shall be members in good standing of KCAR and the NAR.
Article 8. Duties of Officers:
(a) President: It shall be the duty of the President to preside at all KCAR meetings, to serve as an ex-officio member of all committees, and to represent KCAR at public affairs.
(b) Vice President: It shall be the duty of the Vice President to preside at KCAR meetings in the absence of the President.
(c) Secretary - Treasurer: It shall be the duty of the Secretary - Treasurer to take minutes at all KCAR meetings, to handle all KCAR correspondence, to keep a file of all minutes and correspondence; to collect all KCAR dues, to keep records of all income and expenditures, to keep all KCAR funds safe, and to manage the purchase of equipment, etc., for KCAR upon authorization by the KCAR Board of Directors.
Article 9. Elections: Elections of officers and members of the Board of Directors shall take place at the last meeting of the calendar year. All officers and members of the Board shall serve a term of one year. Vacancies in offices and on the Board shall be filled by nomination and election of a Section 505 member to fill the un-expired term of office and shall take place at the KCAR meeting at which the vacancy is announced. Nominations for all elections shall be made from the floor, and the candidates having the largest number of votes shall be elected.
Article 10. Committees: There shall be three standing committees of KCAR, plus such additional committees as the KCAR Board of Directors may from time to time deem necessary or desirable. The standing committees are as follows:
(a) Operations committee shall be in charge of KCARs model rocket range (or ranges), shall monitor the experimental technical activities of the KCAR members, and shall act as Safety Inspectors. The chairman of this Committee shall be a Senior Member of the NAR in good standing and shall act as Range Safety and Control Officer under the NAR Official Standards and Regulations.
(b) Contests and Records Committee shall be in charge of all arrangements for contests and shall monitor all national record attempts by Section 505 members. The Committee shall contain at least one Leader Member of the NAR.
(c) Activities Committee shall be in charge of making all arrangements for all KCAR meetings, for conducting membership campaigns, and for carrying on public relations.
Article 11. Amendments: These By-Laws may be amended by a two-thirds vote of those KCAR members present and voting at any KCAR meeting, providing written notice of the pending amendment has been sent to the KCAR membership at least five days in advance of such meeting. No amendment of these By-Laws shall be in force until approved by NAR Headquarters.
Adopted:________________________________________________________________________
Signed:_________________________________________________________________________
KCAR Home Page
Email: nar505@yahoo.com
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> Apprenticeships > Kellogg’s apprenticeships: they’re grrrreat!
Kellogg’s apprenticeships: they’re grrrreat!
18 Mar 16 | Author Allie Anderson | Apprenticeships
Food giant Kellogg’s is re-opening its apprenticeship scheme, giving youngsters a kick-start to a career in the industry.
The five-year programme will enable apprentices to work at the Manchester factory where some of the company’s best-loved products are made, including Corn Flakes, Frosties, Rice Krispies and Coco Pops.
Students can work towards a range of qualifications, including an NVQ in food manufacturing excellence and a HNC in electrical/mechanical engineering, with great prospects for a successful career in the manufacturing industry at the end.
Kellogg’s apprentice Freya Johnson told the Messenger: “I do a variety of different things each day from using the lathes on the mechanical side to wiring circuits on the electrical side, as well as being taught the theory of engineering.
“People are often surprised when I say I’m doing a manufacturing apprenticeship. It’s always been considered a predominantly male industry, but nowadays more and more girls seem to be taking an interest in it.
“After coming into it not really knowing what to expect I am really enjoying it. It has offered me the opportunity to train and develop my skills as well as creating a career for me to progress in the future.”
The Manchester factory has run a successful apprenticeship scheme since 1957. The programme was extended last year, and was developed in collaboration with Trafford College. Prospective candidates (aged 16 and over) for this year’s cohort are being invited to apply by 31 March.
Factory director Tony O’Brien said: “We’re looking for a diverse range of enthusiastic people who are excited about a career in the manufacturing industry.
“The factory has been a central part of the local community for more than 75 years, and we’re offering five-year placements to five new apprentices who’ll hopefully stay with us in the decades to come.”
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Worldwide Free Internet through a Global Public Sector
Nicholas Negroponte
Professor Emeritus, Co-Founder, MIT Media Lab, Founder, One Laptop per Child
I don’t know if people in the room can appreciate my situation because I’ve been a user of the Internet for 50 years. When I started using it, it wasn’t called the internet, but there were only 100 people on it, and I knew them all, and what I didn’t know at the time was that this was going to become like air, something you would only notice when it was missing, and that you would take it for granted which we did, some of us, for the next 50 years, and then as I became more and more involved starting about 30 years ago with the developing world, I started to feel that this is so fundamental, which we all agree now, but it is kind of amazing how we have moved as a society, so I am going to be relatively extreme in my remarks. I’m not going to ask you to believe or agree with everything, but I think we’re at a period in history where the private sector has to now get out of the way, and governments have to get out of the way. So I am going to talk about Internet connectivity as a human right, but I’m going to talk about it in a way that is very different.
First of all, worldwide is important as a concept, free is important. It’s not free to society but it is free to the individual, Now whether that is a civic right, like street lights are free, of if it’s a human right in a deeper sense of freedom, doesn’t really concern me too much, but the concept of free is very different to the concept of low-cost. I hear the word low-cost and affordable. I don’t hear that word when it comes to the rights that we normally think of as human rights. O this is a human right and by the way it’s affordable. Well that is not an appropriate word. And then the concept of a global public centre is basically the definition of the United Nations, but in all due respect, the United Nations, is a very easily criticized organisation for various reasons, but its all we’ve got. We don’t have anything else, so I think in terms of the public sector.
So I also wake up in the morning and ask myself one question, and I hope this audience, this group does it, and we do it as a group: What will market forces not do today?, because market forces will do many things, and I’m not trying to stop them, I’m trying to suggest there are some things market forces don’t do, that we should be doing, and to think very very hard between the difference between a mission, which is what I think we’re on, and a market, and they get confused, and people try to make markets more mission oriented and they try to do well while doing good. That’s a very common phrase these days, and I think that is again not appropriate here.
So by way of background, I think of telecommunications as something that has grown up like tobacco and alcohol. Now I have been through, again through 50 years, of telecommunications development, and those of you who followed, particularly in developing countries, the people who made long distance phone calls were deemed to be so rich, that we could charge them a exorbitant amount to pay for local phone calls or universal access, and then something very interesting happened in history that people don’t remember, the historical coincidence of privatisation and wireless. In Europe, in the 1980s, particularly near the end of the 80s, used wireless to privatise, which was fine. I’m not complaining about the historical coincidence, but people then said, well lets have the business sector come in. We don’t like monopolies, so we’ll create duopolies and more in some occasions, and we’ll privatise, and things changed very dramatically. It used to take three years to get a telephone it Italy before then. You used to pay $5,000 down in some countries and it would take forever. So that coincidence of privatization and wireless is a very important one because a lot has advanced, and its been claimed because of the privatisation, and I think that is a false association. And I want to say one more thing about the privatisation that occurred at that point. Since it was wireless, you needed spectrum, and spectrum was auctioned by countries, and the auctioning of spectrum, I will claim, is an immoral concept; that the state takes something owned by the people, and puts it up for auction, for very large amounts of money, so large that whoever buys it has to carry that cost forward to the users, and the cost has become nervous and the concept needs some revisiting.
So we’re always told the private sector is more efficient than the public sector. Well you’re going to hear today an example where that is not true. You have all been on trains in Switzerland. There are many examples where the public sector can do things. Its not, particularly the United States, a country that as an American, I’m deeply embarrassed to be from it, because of our current ignorant president, but he is bringing with him an even bigger swing in the wrong direction, so we have to look at the public sector differently, and I say, is it, and I will point to Uruguay, and I will let my colleague Miguel Brechner explain what I happening there because it is an amazing role model, there are other places too, but it’s a particularly interesting one that I believe the world should copy.
So here are the goals that I put forward, and they are based very often on children being the most precious natural resource of a country. I cannot tell you how many heads of states I have used that sentence with who look at me as if they were a deer in the headlights. They look and say, my god I never thought of that. I think of oil, I think of diamonds, I think of wheat, food but children as a natural resource? It’s not limited to children, but 1982 was the first time I brought the Internet and connectivity to a developing country, and I learnt one thing. The one thing I learnt in 82 was that those children who did not speak a word of English or French played that keyboard like a piano. There was no difference between them and the suburban kids outside of New York, Boston or Paris. Then 2001, almost 20 years later, I was able to by chance, go to villages that had a per-capita income, annual per-capita income of less than $30, and connect those kids, and give them all laptops, and this was a very early experiment, and it completely transformed the village, and every single kid in that picture, every single one went on to university, whereas usually the village had zero, and when people ask me, what line of non-profit business are you in, my answer was, I’m in the business of hope. Those children had hope. They had hope in such a way, and when they brought those laptops home and opened them up, the light of the screen was the only light in the house, Talk about metaphors and reality. For me it was very, very jarring.
So I started it with the UN, and I’m only going to show you pictures because you all should get a tour of One Laptop per Child, but it was an experiment, it had many failings, but it was an experiment that proved to me that the kids are the vehicles. And I look at this particular pictures, I have no idea who takes the pictures by the way, they are sent to me, I can’t associate it with somebody, but look at the concentration on that young girl’s face. I just wonder, I don’t know what she is doing today, but normally school and learning are not with that kind of focus and attention and fascination, and then Matt Keller will later tell you some of the things that were done, but this is the best picture. I’ve never had a picture like this. OK, the kid on the right has nominated himself teacher. There are no teachers in this village. There are no print matters, there’s no book. But look at the kinds using their tablets. The one on the left is touching the tablet of the kid next to him, that kid… talk about collaboration. Usually these go into schools and everyone has the same thing at the same time. The teacher says, one two three, and the kids go one two three, they use the laptops. This is totally different. They created the idea that there would be a place that they would go to. There isn’t a place called school. You’ll hear more about this later.
This is in Ethiopia, there were two places, one in the north, one in the south, and they were chosen because there was no literacy in the village, There was no occurrence of words, there were no signs, there were no magazines, there were no letters, everybody in the village was illiterate, and that was the reason it was chosen, and a whole thing has emerged out of it, which you will hear a lot about today. And then the kids started giving press conferences, which was a disappointment because helicopters were flying in. So pictures like this, to me, are wonderful pictures but they sort of show, to me, the hope, the hope business.
So this really is not the next 1.5 billion people, it’s the last 1.5 billion people. The next 1.5 is piece of cake. You can do that by changing some pricing, some regulation. It’s no effort whatsoever. You could add 1.5 billion people to the Internet, almost tomorrow. The last 1.5 billion is a very interesting problem, because it’s a technical problem. The people who would be in that group, they’re illiterate, they’re remote, there are just many, many problems, and technically they are the ones of interest, but the solutions really are about them.
So I’m going to take two minutes, and just give you some of what I think are the solutions above and beyond the imperative. If this meeting creates the imperative to make connectivity a human right, it will be a landmark. It will be like Bretton Woods was to economics, it will be like the Dartmouth meeting in 1958 where six people met and they coined the term AI, and boom, it took 50 years more for AI to become what it became today, but it was a pivotal point, and I think we can be that too.
So global advocacy is a piece of the solution, its what I think this meeting does. If people hear that the Pontifical Academy, that the UN Women, that the UN Human Rights, that groups like that have come together under the aegis of, amongst others, president Prodi, to basically push this concept, that is a big deal. That is a very big deal. The second thing, and this is my opinion, my opinion is that we should create a global agency, I call it the World Connectivity Organization; how that happens, ways it happens, is that what its called, but there isn’t one now. There is nobody, nobody, at the UN, nobody anywhere who believes their mission is to connect the world, and there should be.
And then, one and the last one, that I think is important only because it is the only one I know how to do, its when you create a plausible solution, people pay attention. With one laptop per child, nobody knows about one-laptop per child, the Zamora family who are doing one-laptop per child, and Keller who did by far the most extensive and exhaustive job, is that it got other people to move, and after we did 3 million laptops, I went first to president Lula, and I said to president Lula, bid, create a bid, a number, and then we’ll bid on it, and we’ll bid on it publically, so that when there is a tender for 10 million laptops, we bid openly, we published it in the newspapers, and we published whatever it was, $182.50, we had credibility because we had done 3 million. And guess what, the winner won it for $179, and I thought wow, that’s interesting. I don’t really want to make laptops, but if I could keep putting in a bid that forces everybody down, and we did 50 million laptops that way, 50 million that got into the hands of kids in many countries, not because we were making them, but because we had a plausible solution that pushed it way down.
And then outside of the nation jurisdiction, I think is important for two reasons, and then I’ll stop. Two reasons: one is that you can’t go country by country by country, whether you think there are 196 or 198, whatever number of countries, it’s almost 200. You can’t possibly go to all 200 countries and have them all agree that this is the way that they’re going to do it, so fortunately, and this is a very wonderful piece of good fortune, the jurisdiction of countries stops at 100 miles. There is a different body of law, that is why we have all sorts of things happening at a certain height, so if you could in some way get the global telecommunications scheme outside the jurisdiction of countries, namely above 100 miles, you will be doing something that no country has to agree to. Let them outlaw it, let them make it illegal, they don’t give you landing rights: so what? It’s there, and if somebody builds a little tin-foil receiver than can receive and send 10Mbits/s, they’ll do that in the jungles. The countries will even sanction it in remote areas. We have for the first time, I’m personally interested in low earth orbiting satellites, they can be fixed, but one of the interesting things about orbiting satellites is it’s the first time in history that there is a geometry that is itself global. That satellite has to go around the world, that’s the way it works, it can’t stop over someplace, it has to keep going, so if it keeps going, let it keep working so you could actually have a global footprint that is global by its nature, not because we built thousands and thousands of them. It is a very, very different world, and I believe, I know sorry, I know you can do it, that’s the $10 billion number, that’s the 0.1% btw, verses quite a bit higher, the $450 billion is the number that the telecommunications companies today believe they have to spend in the next five years to enhance terrestrial communication.
And just as a last remark, I happen to believe that very modest connectivity is just fine. It does not have to be broadband, and we can argue about that. I’ll end with just a little note that we keep forgetting in the United States, the United States is a rounding error, the United States is almost an irrelevant rounding error in the population of the world. We are .3 out of 7.5 billion people, so this is not a United States issue; the United States shouldn’t be running it or doing. It’s really are world problem of which the United States is a very, very, small piece. Thank you very much.
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Catalan hospital incorporates robot in surgical operations
Currently in trial period, if successful the technology will be used in 150 annual surgeries
Marina López & Alex Rolandi | Barcelona
Not so long ago, robots as we know them today were the realm of science fiction. But more and more they are being incorporated into modern life. As is the case at the Trueta hospital in Girona, northern Catalonia, where a group of surgeons have been carrying out operations with the help of a high-tech surgical robot.
By reducing the element of human error, using the machine improves the results of surgical interventions as it increases accuracy, especially in more complex types of operations. Since April 10, a total of twelve patients have undergone operations where not all the surgeons were made of mere flesh and bone. Robotic surgery has been used on five patients with urological cancers, four with gynaecological cancers, and three with colon and rectal cancer.
Tele-surgery
It is forecast that the surgeons will be able to carry out 150 operations a year when the new technology is fully-implemented. According to the hospital’s surgery coordinator, Doctor Nicolau Carrasco, these operations are a type of “tele-surgery” as the robot is not working alone, but is following the instruction of the surgeon controlling the surgical console.
Although it may not be a sentient being, it does not mean it has been deprived of its own namesake. At this stage, the robot, called ‘Da Vinci' is going through a testing period. If the results are positive, plans are to incorporate the technology definitively in the operating theatre.
A humanoid affair
The concept of artificial beings has been a subject of fascination for humans for thousands of years. Indeed, in Jewish folklore a golem was a creature made out of inanimate matter that came to life. But over the millennia, the idea of these artificial creatures evolved. The Greek god Hephaestus, for example, supposedly created automatons out of gold to assist him in his work.
Fast forward to the 15th century, and Leonardo Da Vinci himself, with whom the surgical robot shares its name, published various designs for a mechanical knight.
The word robot itself, was coined by Czech playwright in his science fiction play ‘Rossum’s Universal Robots’ about a factory that created artificial people to be used as servants. Things have come a long way since, as can be seen at Hospital Trueta and beyond. In the 21st century, robot technology plays a key part in many aspects of society, especially in production. They can be found in factories, warehouses, hospitals, and even the hotel industry.
Girona Robots Technology
Surgeons working alongside Da Vinci robot at Hospital Trueta in Girona (courtesy of Hospital Trueta)
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New York City's Flawed School Diversity Plan
By Nicole Mader and Ana Carla Sant'Anna Costa
Earlier this month, the New York City Department of Education (DOE) released a long-awaited plan designed to increase diversity in the city’s public schools. Noteworthy in the plan are two numeric goals the DOE proposes to use as “yardsticks” to measure their progress. Outside observers have celebrated these goals as a “bona-fide breakthrough” and also criticized them for “aim[ing] too low.” But the plan itself lacks sufficient detail and context to make such evaluations.
To fill this data void, the Center for New York City Affairs has crunched the numbers on these yardstick goals, both of which are to be achieved over the next five years:
Increasing by 50,000 the number of students at “racially representative” schools; and
Reducing the number of “economically stratified” schools by 10%.
We also created this interactive map showing the current status of 1,757 public schools in New York City in terms of these goals.
Our conclusion, which is set forth at greater length in a policy brief that we’re releasing today:
While reaching these goals may well have significant impacts on the lives of individual students, achieving them will require little or no systemic changes to the city’s schools. No heavy lifting will be needed to meet them.
First, as to racial representativeness: Currently, just under 70 percent of New York City public school students are black and Hispanic. Based on that, the DOE defines a racially representative school as one with between 50 percent and 90 percent black and Hispanic enrollment. Currently 502 of the city’s 1,757 schools, with enrollments of just less than one-third of all students, meet this definition.
Over the past five years, there’s been a slow but steady climb in the number of students attending schools that meet this racial representativeness criteria. Since the 2011-12 school year, this number has grown by over 34,000 students – an annual rate of increase of about 2.4 percent. The reason: Modest increases in white and Asian enrollment citywide, and a small drop in black enrollment.
If this increase were to continue at an only slightly higher annual 2.9 percent rate, about 10,000 students a year would find themselves in racially representative schools each year – an easy glide-path to hitting the DOE’s five-year racial representativeness goal.
Second, as to economic stratification: DOE defines a school as economically stratified – that is, skewed toward students with either relatively low- or high-income student bodies – using an Economic Need Index (ENI) that is based on eligibility for public assistance, level of poverty in students’ home census tracts, and other factors. Currently, the average ENI for all schools citywide is 0.64; DOE considers a school economically stratified if it has an ENI 10 points above or below this average.
In the school year just ending, 588 schools attended by some 35 percent of all students citywide already meet the DOE’s goal, having ENIs that fall within the 0.54-0.74 range.
Just as with racial representativeness, what our research shows is that there’s already a steady, detectable increase in the number of schools entering this 0.54-0.74 grouping. Today, 44 more schools fall in this category than did just two years ago – an average growth rate of 4 percent per year. Going forward, the DOE could reach its “economic stratification” goal within five years even at a slightly lower 4.6 percent annual growth rate without having to make any changes to the status quo.
The racial and socio-economic composition of public schools makes a big difference in how well their students do. A large body of research shows that students benefit from attending schools that are integrated by race and income. And as a New York Times editorial this week pointed out, “low-income students fare better in economically mixed classrooms and … high-poverty schools struggle to teach children effectively.”
Unfortunately, New York City’s public schools remain among the most racially and economically segregated in the nation. So while the DOE’s diversity plan is a step in the right direction, its goals are disappointingly cautious. The DOE’s leaders, and the School Diversity Advisory Group that DOE has established to help guide its diversity plan, should aim higher, both system-wide and also within the city’s community school districts. Just coasting along isn’t nearly good enough.
Nicole Mader is a senior research fellow at the Center for New York City Affairs and a doctoral degree candidate in public and urban policy at the Milano School of Management, International Affairs, and Urban Policy at The New School. Ana Carla Sant’Anna Costa is a quantitative research assistant at the Center and a master’s degree candidate in nonprofit management at the Milano School. Katherine Safter helped with data analysis and visualization for this report. She is an education and political science major at Haverford College and a summer intern for The Center for New York City Affairs.
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Civil Litigation Brief
Updates and Commentary on Civil Procedure, by Gordon Exall, Barrister, Zenith Chambers, Leeds, & Hardwicke, London
Browse: Home » 2018 » February » 08 » WITNESS EVIDENCE AND DOCUMENTS: GESTMIN CONSIDERED IN THE SUPREME COURT
WITNESS EVIDENCE AND DOCUMENTS: GESTMIN CONSIDERED IN THE SUPREME COURT
February 8, 2018 · by gexall · in Advocacy, Disclosure, Witness statements
In Bancoult, R (on the application of) (No 3) v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (Respondent)[2018] UKSC 3 the Supreme Court considered the “Gestmin” principles. There are several aspectse of the judgment. Here we look at the judgment in relation to the importance of documentary evidence and the confirmation by the Supreme Court that the Gestmin approach is appropriate in these circumstances.
“Being able to confront a witness with statements that she or he previously made which are inconsistent with their testimony is one of the most important tools in the cr0ss-examiners’ armoury”
“ Case law emphasises the importance of documentary evidence in assessing the credibility of oral witnesses. … all these problems compendiously are entailed when a judge assesses the credibility of a witness; they are all part of one judicial process. And in the process contemporary documents and admitted or incontrovertible facts and probabilities must play their proper part.”
The Appellant is the chair of the Chagos Refugees Group. He represents residents of the Chagos Archipelago in the British Indian Ocean Territory (‘BIOT’) who were removed and resettled elsewhere by the British Government between 1971 and 1973 and were prevented from returning, There were challenges to decisions made by the government which affected the possibility of residents returning.
One issue in the case related to the admissibility of a “leaked”document. A communication between the respondent and American government – referred to as the cable.
THE JUDGMENT ON THIS ISSUE
The Divisional Court concluded that the cable was not admissible in evidence. It nevertheless permitted Mr Pleming to cross examine Mr Roberts and Ms Yeadon about its contents on the basis that its authenticity was assumed but not established. The Court of Appeal considered that the cable was admissible but held that, even if it had been admitted, it would have made no difference to the conclusion of the Divisional Court that improper motive had not been established.
The arguments about admissibility have been fully canvassed in the judgments of Lord Mance and Lord Sumption and need not be repeated here. I agree with Lord Mance that it has not been established that the cable remained part of the archive of the London mission and, on that account, that the status of inviolability can no longer be claimed. I also agree with Lord Sumption that it cannot be a violation of the US embassy’s archives to use in litigation a document which has entered the public domain.
One must keep in mind that the exclusion of the cable had two distinct effects. First, it restricted the cross examination of Mr Roberts and Ms Yeadon. It was not possible to challenge them on the basis that the document was genuine and was to be taken as having recorded their statements at the meeting and, in Ms Yeadon’s case, subsequently. Being able to confront a witness with statements that she or he previously made which are inconsistent with their testimony is one of the most important forensic tools in the cross-examiner’s armoury. Technically, Mr Pleming was bound by the answers given by the witnesses to questions based on the cable’s contents. This would not have been the case if the cable had been admitted in evidence.
It has been suggested that the evidence given by Mr Roberts about the meeting on 12 May and Ms Yeadon’s own evidence “give a picture which is generally and substantially consistent with that presented by the cable”. Much of the evidence that they gave coincides with the contents of the cable, it is true. But in crucial areas it is incontestably inconsistent. It is not in the least surprising that much of the evidence from the civil servants and the contents of the cable were found to coincide. Indeed, it was part of Mr Pleming’s admitted strategy to point to that coincidence in order to establish the cable’s authenticity. But to imply that there were not highly significant differences, differences which, moreover, touched on the very issue at stake in this case, is unrealistic. Mr Roberts denied using the expression, “Man Fridays”. Ms Yeadon denied that Mr Roberts had said that “establishing an MPA would in effect put paid to resettlement claims”. This is directly contrary to the contents of the cable. Indeed, it is directly contrary to the evidence of Mr Roberts himself, for he is recorded as having accepted that he did say to the US officials that the establishment of an MPA would in effect put paid to the resettlement claims. The opportunity to exploit these differences if the cable had been admitted in evidence, as it should have been, cannot be airily dismissed. The entire cursus of the cross examination (and consequently the conclusions that might have been reached on the critical issue) could have been radically different.
The second consequence of excluding the cable from evidence was that it did not rank as independent material with the potential to act as a significant counterweight to the FCO witnesses’ testimony. If the Divisional Court had admitted the cable in evidence, it would have to be pitted as an item of evidence which was in many respects directly contrary to the testimony of Mr Roberts and Ms Yeadon. The court would have been required to assess the veracity and reliability of their claims against the contemporaneous evidence provided by the cable. As it was, the Divisional Court merely theorised about whether Mr Pleming’s cross examination would have been more effective if the cable had been admitted in evidence. It did not consider the cable’s contents for their capacity to discredit the testimony of the two FCO witnesses.
(ii) The curtailing of cross examination
Dealing with the impact of the exclusion of the cable from evidence, the Court of Appeal said at para 88:
“[Our] outline of the cross-examination of both witnesses does not capture its full flavour. It was extensive and searching. In our judgment, Mr Pleming was not disadvantaged by not being able to put questions on the basis that the cable was authentic and a true record of what was said at the meeting of 12 May 2009. He tested the evidence of Mr Roberts and Ms Yeadon on the basis of the cable. It is true that he was not able to put questions like: ‘have you any explanation for the fact that you are recorded as having said X when you deny having said it?’ But it is unrealistic to suppose that, if Mr Pleming had been able to put such questions, this would have materially affected the thrust or course of the cross-examination or of the answers that were given. The Divisional Court was right to say that the dividing line between questions which its ruling permitted and those which it did not permit was ‘fine’. In our judgment, the inhibition on Mr Pleming’s questions can have had no material effect on the course or the outcome of the cross-examination. Mr Pleming was able to, and did in fact, explore the accuracy of the contents of the cable with both witnesses. In particular, he probed the purpose of the MPA and whether what was purportedly recorded in the cable as having been said had in fact been said.”
It is true that there was extensive cross examination of Mr Roberts and Ms Yeadon based on the contents of the cable. The difference between probing witnesses’ accounts and confronting them with admissible evidence which flatly contradicts their accounts should not be underestimated, however.
As the Court of Appeal observed (in para 80 of its judgment), Mr Roberts refused to answer questions as to whether the contents of the cable were accurate. This was in reliance on the government’s policy of “neither confirm nor deny” (NCND) policy. It appears to have been accepted without demur by the Divisional Court and the Court of Appeal that NCND justified this stance. For my part, I would not be disposed to accept that this policy could be resorted to in order to avoid answering a relevant question with which the court was required to deal. Given that the Divisional Court had decided that the authenticity of the cable should be assumed, it appears to me that Mr Roberts should have been required to answer as to whether what was recorded in the cable faithfully recorded what had taken place. As it happens, of course, Mr Roberts did address the question whether some parts of the cable were accurate – see para 81 of the Court of Appeal’s judgment.
What is clear, in my view, is that Mr Roberts could not have relied on NCND if the cable had been admitted in evidence. Nor could he have refused to deal with what the Court of Appeal described in para 82 of its judgment as “the ultimate question”: whether he had an explanation for the fact that he was recorded as having made certain statements which he denied having uttered. In deciding whether being required to answer such a question could have made a difference to the outcome of the Divisional Court case, one must consider the range of possible responses that might have been given. (In this context, Lord Mance has accepted for the purposes of the appeal that the appropriate question is whether the admission of the cable could have made a difference – see para 23 of his judgment. For reasons that I will give later in this judgment, I consider that this is indubitably the correct test in this instance.)
If one imagines that Mr Roberts’ answer to the “ultimate question” was that he had no explanation, or even, when pressed, that the cable was indeed accurate and that he recanted his initial disavowal of what he was recorded as having said, it is not difficult to conclude that this could have made a significant difference to the court’s assessment of him as a reliable witness. The Court of Appeal did not consider the range of possible responses that Mr Roberts might have given to this question. In my opinion, it should have done. And if it had done, it could not have reached the conclusion that it did.
(iii) The capacity of the cable to counter the FCO evidence
The Court of Appeal dealt cryptically with the second issue, namely, the status of the cable as independent material with the potential to act as a counterweight to the FCO witnesses’ testimony. At para 89, the court said, “[w]e do not accept that there is a realistic possibility that the court’s assessment of the evidence of Mr Roberts and Ms Yeadon would have been affected if the cable had been formally admitted in evidence as an authentic document”.
Case law emphasises the importance of documentary evidence in assessing the credibility of oral witnesses. In Onassis v Vergottis [1968] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 403 Lord Pearce, having reviewed the various reasons that a witness’s oral testimony might not be credible, stated, “all these problems compendiously are entailed when a judge assesses the credibility of a witness; they are all part of one judicial process. And in the process contemporary documents and admitted or incontrovertible facts and probabilities must play their proper part.” In Armagas Ltd v Mundogas SA (The Ocean Frost) [1985] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 1, 57 Robert Goff LJ made this observation:
“It is frequently very difficult to tell whether a witness is telling the truth or not; and where there is a conflict of evidence … reference to the objective facts and documents, to the witnesses’ motives, and to the overall probabilities, can be of very great assistance to a judge in ascertaining the truth.”
That approach was approved by the Privy Council in Grace Shipping Inc v CF Sharp & Co (Malaya) Pte Ltd [1987] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 207 and applied in a number of subsequent cases. For example, in Goodman v Faber Prest Steel [2013] EWCA Civ 153, the Court of Appeal held that the trial judge had erred in accepting a personal injury claimant’s evidence of pain without dealing with contradictory documentary evidence and explaining why the claimant’s evidence was to be preferred. Moore-Bick LJ applied the approach of Robert Goff LJ and stated that “memory often plays tricks and even a confident witness who honestly believes in the accuracy of his recollection may be mistaken. That is why in such cases the court looks to other evidence to see to what extent it supports or undermines what the witness says and for that purpose contemporary documents often provide a valuable guide to the truth”. He concluded that:
“[O]ne is left with the clear impression that [the judge] was swayed by Mr Goodman’s performance in the witness box into disregarding the important documentary evidence bearing on what had become the central question in the case. It may have been open to her to prefer what he had said in the witness box, but if she was minded to do so it was incumbent on her to deal with the documentary evidence and explain why Mr Goodman’s oral evidence was to be preferred.”
It is not to be suggested that the Divisional Court ignored or disregarded the “important documentary evidence” which the cable constituted. But if it had admitted the cable in evidence, as should have happened, the contrast between some of its contents and the evidence of Mr Roberts and Ms Yeadon would have been starker. The need to confront the discrepancy between the two could not have been avoided.
Although said in relation to commercial litigation, I consider that the observations of Leggatt J in Gestmin SGPS SA v Credit Suisse (UK) Ltd [2013] EWHC 3560 (Comm), paras 15-22 have much to commend them. In particular, his statement at para 22 appears to me to be especially apt:
“… the best approach for a judge to adopt … is, in my view, to place little if any reliance at all on witnesses’ recollections of what was said in meetings and conversations, and to base factual findings on inferences drawn from the documentary evidence and known or probable facts. This does not mean that oral testimony serves no useful purpose – though its utility is often disproportionate to its length. But its value lies largely, as I see it, in the opportunity which cross-examination affords to subject the documentary record to critical scrutiny and to gauge the personality, motivations and working practices of a witness, rather than in testimony of what the witness recalls of particular conversations and events. Above all, it is important to avoid the fallacy of supposing that, because a witness has confidence in his or her recollection and is honest, evidence based on that recollection provides any reliable guide to the truth.”
The intellectual exercise on which the Divisional Court was engaged in evaluating the evidence of Mr Roberts and Ms Yeadon, having refused to admit the cable in evidence, was quite different from that on which it would have had to embark if the evidence had been received. By refusing to admit the evidence, the court effectively had confined its role to an assessment of how well the witnesses had withstood cross examination. If the cable had been admitted, the discrepancies between the contents of the cable and their testimony would have had to be considered objectively, while keeping in mind all the adjurations as to the likelihood of contemporaneous documentary evidence being intrinsically more reliable.
If the Divisional Court had admitted the cable in evidence, what were the possible consequences? If it had concluded, as well it might, that it was inherently unlikely that the cable would have recorded Mr Roberts as having said there would be “no human footprints” and no “Man Fridays” on BIOT’s uninhabited islands, unless he had actually used those words, what impact would that have had on his believability? These were striking expressions. Indeed, Ms Yeadon said that, if they had been used, she would have been shocked. Could they have been fabricated by the author of the cable? Why should they have been? If the cable had been admitted and was therefore a freestanding item of evidence, it is at least possible that the Divisional Court would have decided that it was unlikely that the person who composed the cable would have fabricated those phrases and attributed them directly to Mr Roberts. And, if it was concluded that this was unlikely, what effect would that have on Mr Roberts’ credibility in light of his denial of having used them?
When the Court of Appeal came to consider what difference the admission in evidence of the cable might have made, the question for them should have been whether a different outcome was possible, not whether that would have happened or even whether it was likely. (I will explain presently why I consider that the possibility of a different result was the correct test.) The Court of Appeal, however, seems to have considered various possible formulations at different points of its judgment. At para 89 it twice stated that it was unrealistic to suggest that the court “would” have reached a different conclusion, had the evidence been admitted. Later in the same paragraph the court said that it had borne in mind that “a legally correct approach would have made no difference to the outcome: see, for example, R v Chief Constable of the Thames Valley Police, Ex p Cotton [1990] IRLR 344, per Bingham LJ at para 60.” These statements suggest that the appeal court considered that, unless the admission of the cable would have made a difference, as opposed to whether it could have done so, a review of the Divisional Court’s decision would not be appropriate. I do not consider that this is the correct test and I turn now to that issue.
Tags: Documentary evidence, Supreme Court, Witness credibility, Witness statement
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Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence > Year 2006 > February 2006 Decisions > G.R. No. 168237 - THELMA BUDUHAN v. CURSON PAKURAO, ET AL.:
[G.R. NO. 168237 : February 22, 2006]
THELMA BUDUHAN, Petitioner, v. CURSON PAKURAO, LORETA PAKURAO a.k.a. FLORA PAKURAO and CAMILO PAKURAO, Respondents.
D E C I S I O N
YNARES-SANTIAGO, J.:
This is a Petition for Review on Certiorari of the Decision1 of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. SP No. 64513 dated April 14, 2005 which reversed and set aside the Memorandum Decision2 of the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Bontoc, Mountain Province, Branch 36, in Civil Case No. 1030 dated March 16, 2001.
The present petition originated from a complaint3 for forcible entry and damages filed by respondents with the Municipal Circuit Trial Court (MCTC) of Barlig-Sadanga, Barlig, Mountain Province, against petitioner docketed as Civil Case No. 25. Respondents alleged that they are the owners and prior possessors of a parcel of residential land located in Fialangfiang, Barlig, Mountain Province, measuring 48 square meters and bounded on the North by a public land, on the East by a trail and on the South and West by a public school, and originally covered by Tax Declaration No. A-4664 issued on April 13, 1951 in the name of Curson Pakurao.4 Respondents further alleged that since 1951, they have introduced improvements on the subject property such as a residential house, a stone wall, a water reservoir and a small building used as storage for diesel fuel and other personal effects.
According to the respondents, the controversy arose sometime in November 1999, when petitioner entered the lot through force, intimidation, strategy, threats or stealth and installed galvanized iron sheets on the shack built on the property. When the respondents confronted the petitioner and asked her to remove the galvanized iron roofing, the latter refused claiming that she was the owner of the subject property.5
In her position paper,6 petitioner refuted the allegations of the respondents and claimed that she is the true and lawful possessor of the property having acquired the same from her grandfather, Fianinan Machimlang. Petitioner further alleged that the disputed area is part of a larger piece of land measuring 500 square meters declared by her grandfather under Tax Declaration No. 4943 in 1952. Petitioner claimed that her grandfather has been in open, continuous, exclusive and notorious possession of the property before she succeeded in possessing the same. Petitioner declared that she was merely exercising her rights as owner of the land when she installed galvanized iron sheets.
On October 24, 2000, the MCTC of Barlig-Sadanga rendered its decision7 declaring petitioner as the lawful possessor of the property, the decretal portion of which reads:
Wherefore, for all the foregoing considerations the Court rules:
1. That plaintiffs have not adequately proven their claim of possession over the property in dispute and is (sic) therefore ordered to vacate the same;
2. That defendant having proven by preponderance of evidence her claim of possession over the land subject of this suit is hereby declared the lawful possessor and is therefore entitled to be placed in possession thereof.
3. That plaintiffs are ordered to pay the defendant jointly and severally the amount of P15,000.00 as attorney's fees, and P5,000.00 as litigation expenses and to pay the costs of this suit.
SO ORDERED.8
From the foregoing decision, the respondents interposed an appeal with the RTC of Bontoc, Mountain Province, docketed as Civil Case No. 1030 and raffled to Branch 36. On March 16, 2001, the RTC rendered its decision modifying the appealed MCTC decision as follows:
Wherefore, the Decision appealed from is hereby modified, viz:
1. Dismissing the action at bar; andcralawlibrary
2. Ordering the appellants Pakuraos to pay the appellee Thelma C. Buduhan attorney's fees in the amount of P7,000 jointly and severally.
As earlier stated, the Court of Appeals reversed and set aside the decision of the RTC, the decretal portion of which reads:
WHEREFORE, the petition is GRANTED. The challenged Decision of the RTC is REVERSED and SET ASIDE and a new one is hereby entered:
1. Ordering respondent Thelma Buduhan to vacate the premises in question by removing the galvanized iron she installed on the subject shack; andcralawlibrary
2. Deleting the award of attorney's fees in favor of said respondent.
SO ORDERED.10
Hence this petition on the following issues:
THE COURT OF APPEALS ERRED IN ORDERING RESPONDENT THELMA BUDUHAN (NOW PETITIONER) TO VACATE THE PREMISES IN QUESTION BY REMOVING THE GALVANIZED IRON SHE INSTALLED ON THE SUBJECT SHACK.11
THE COURT OF APPEALS ERRED IN DELETING THE AWARD OF ATTORNEY'S FEES IN FAVOR OF PETITIONER THELMA BUDUHAN.12
The issues raised by the petitioner invite us to rule on questions of fact, contrary to the settled rule that only questions of law may be raised in a Petition for Review . There is a question of law in a given case when the doubt or difference arises as to what the law is on a certain state of facts; there is a question of fact when the doubt or difference arises as to the truth or the falsehood of alleged facts.13
While it is an established dictum that it is not the function of the Supreme Court to analyze or weigh evidence anew,14 however, this rule is not iron-clad. We have consistently recognized several exceptional circumstances where we disregarded the aforesaid tenet and proceeded to review the findings of facts of the lower court such as: (1) when the conclusion is a finding grounded entirely on speculations, surmises or conjectures; (2) when the inference is manifestly absurd, mistaken or impossible; (3) when there is grave abuse of discretion in the appreciation of facts; (4) when the judgment is premised on a misapprehension of facts; (5) when the findings of facts are conflicting; (6) when the Court of Appeals in making its findings, went beyond the issues of the case and the same is contrary to the admissions of both appellant and appellee; (7) when the Court of Appeals manifestly overlooked certain relevant facts not disputed by the parties and which, if properly considered, would justify a different conclusion; and (8) when the findings of fact of the Court of Appeals are contrary to those of the trial court or are mere conclusions without citation of specific evidence, or where the facts set forth by the petitioner are not disputed by the respondent, or where the findings of fact of the Court of Appeals are premised on absence of evidence but are contradicted by the evidence on record.15
Considering the conflict in the factual findings of the MCTC and RTC and the Court of Appeals, we will rule on the factual issues as an exception to the general rule.
An action for forcible entry is a quieting process that is summary in nature. It is designed to recover physical possession through speedy proceedings that are restrictive in nature, scope and time limits. In forcible entry, the plaintiff is deprived of physical possession by means of force, intimidation, threat, strategy or stealth.16 It is a basic rule in civil cases that the party having the burden of proof must establish his case by a preponderance of evidence, which simply means "evidence which is of greater weight, or more convincing than that which is offered in opposition to it. Hence, parties who have the burden of proof must produce such quantum of evidence, with plaintiffs having to rely on the strength of their own evidence, not on the weakness of the defendant's.17
There is no conflict in the factual findings of the RTC and MCTC as found by the Court of Appeals. Both ruled in favor of petitioner and held that she was able to establish by preponderance of evidence her superior right over the property. As found by the MCTC, petitioner and her grandfather had been occupying the subject property since 1952 and the same has been declared for tax purposes in Machimlang's name.18
The RTC held that the findings of fact of the MCTC is "substantially supported by the evidence on record, augmented by the observations of the trial judge during the ocular inspection of the area subject of the controversy."19
The perceived conflict in the factual findings of the MCTC and the RTC may have arisen from the declaration of the latter that:
Further, considering that the appellants (respondents herein) are not the actual occupants of the disputed premises, it is incongruous or inconsistent for the trial court to have ordered the former to vacate the property and place the appellee (petitioner) in possession thereof.20
While the foregoing statement may suggest a conflict in the factual findings of the MCTC and the RTC, the fact remains that both courts found that petitioner was able to establish her superior right over the property. The quoted portion of the decision of the RTC must be read in conjunction with the paragraph immediately preceding it, to wit:
The appellants (respondents) have not proven by superior weight of evidence their claim of prior physical or material possession of the property subject of the action, hence they cannot by law recover such possession from the appellee. (Sec. 17, Rule 70, 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure).21
Plainly, the foregoing pronouncements of the RTC validated the findings of the MCTC that petitioner adduced evidence of possession more preponderant than those presented by the Respondents.
Likewise, the Court of Appeals' finding that respondents were in actual possession of the disputed land since 1951 is not supported by evidence.
In claiming prior possession of the subject property, the respondents allegedly made several improvements since they ostensibly occupied the same in 1951, consisting of a residential house, a stone wall, a water reservoir, and a small building used as a storage for diesel fuel and other personal effects. In relying on the statements of the respondents, we find that the Court of Appeals disregarded the findings of the MCTC which conducted an ocular inspection of the contested property in the presence of both parties and their respective counsels.
The MCTC noted during the ocular inspection that the stone walls along side the creek have been installed by the Department of Public Works and Highways when it constructed the road and culvert underneath it to protect the road from erosion due to the intermittent waters flowing from the creek. It thus disregarded the claim of both parties that they introduced the stone walls.22
As regards the water reservoirs, the MCTC noted that these are on the creek itself and not on the disputed property so it could not be treated as an improvement on the land to prove evidence of ownership or possession. Also, the shack existing on the land was constructed and used by the respondents with the permission and tolerance of petitioner's grandfather and could never ripen into ownership.23 There was also no residential house constructed on the property as alleged by the respondents in their complaint.24
The above conclusions of the MCTC show that the improvements on the property were introduced by persons other than the respondents; that they were not found on the subject property, or were constructed and used by mere tolerance of petitioner's grandfather. We accord considerable evidentiary weight to the conclusions of the MCTC since it was derived after an ocular inspection of the property in the presence of both parties and their respective counsels. Moreover, the MCTC noted that the property in controversy is beyond the coverage of the tax declaration presented by the Respondents.25 In Sampayan v. Court of Appeals,26 we upheld the uncontested findings of the MCTC judge who himself conducted the ocular inspection of the contested premises. Consequently, respondents' claim of prior possession of the contested property must fail.
On the other hand, petitioner tacks her claim of prior possession to that of her grandfather, Fianinan Machimlang, who paid the taxes on the property and declared it for tax purposes since 1952. While not a conclusive evidence of ownership, the tax declaration of petitioner's predecessor-in-interest constitutes proof that she has a claim of title over the lot. In Ganila v. Court of Appeals,27 we held that:
Although tax declarations or realty tax payment of property are not conclusive evidence of ownership, nevertheless, they are good indicia of possession in the concept of owner for no one in his right mind would be paying taxes for a property that is not in his actual or at least constructive possession. They constitute at least proof that the holder has a claim of title over the property. The voluntary declaration of a piece of property for taxation purposes manifests not only one's sincere and honest desire to obtain title to the property and announces his adverse claim against the State and all other interested parties, but also the intention to contribute needed revenues to the Government. Such an act strengthens one's bona fide claim of acquisition of ownership.
Besides, we find that petitioner adduced sufficient evidence to prove her adverse possession. First, the planting of the tiger grass on the contested property by petitioner's grandfather, which was duly noted by the MCTC during the ocular inspection.28 Second, the affidavit29 of Beatriz Cobsilen, a neighboring property owner who stated that she knew Machimlang as the owner of the contested property. The statement of an immediate neighbor of a disputed property as to who he observed was in the effective possession of the same commands great weight and respect.30
Jerry Gayyad also stated in his affidavit31 that sometime in the months of July to November 1991, he was recruited to work on a road project at Barlig, Mountain Province. While working on the said project, he came to know Alberto Chali-is,32 the father of the petitioner, whose permission was sought by their project contractor, Cyril Lizardo, so that they could build their headquarters or "campo" on the contested property while the project was on-going.
These affidavits should be given evidentiary value. The Rule on Summary Procedure provides for the submission by the parties of affidavits and position papers and enjoins courts to hold hearing only when it is necessary to clarify factual matters. This procedure is in keeping with objective of the Rule to promote the expeditious and inexpensive determination of cases.33
While it is true that during the proceedings before the RTC, the respondents introduced another set of affidavits sworn to by Beatriz Cobsilen and Jerry Gayyad retracting their earlier sworn statements, the same should not be given much weight. Time and again we have looked with disfavor on statements of retraction of witnesses. It is axiomatic that just because one has executed an affidavit of retraction does by no means imply that what has been previously said is false or the latter is true. On the contrary, affidavits of retraction can be easily secured from poor and ignorant witnesses, usually for financial considerations and such being the case, said retractions are exceedingly unreliable for there is always the probability of their being repudiated subsequently.34
From the foregoing discussion, we can reasonably conclude that the petitioner is the lawful possessor of the contested property as held by the MCTC and affirmed by the RTC.
Anent the award of attorney's fees which was ordered deleted by the Court of Appeals, we find the same in accord with prevailing jurisprudence. In making such an award, the court must state in its decision the legal and factual basis for the award.35 The decision of the MCTC is bereft of legal or factual basis for grant of attorney's fees to the petitioner who failed to show that the respondents instituted the complaint before the MCTC maliciously and without cause.
WHEREFORE, the petition is PARTLY GRANTED. The assailed Decision dated April 14, 2005 of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. SP No. 64513 is ANNULED and SET ASIDE. The Memorandum Decision of the Regional Trial Court of Bontoc, Mountain Province, Branch 36, dated March 16, 2001 in Civil Case No. 1030 dismissing the complaint for forcible entry is REINSTATED with the MODIFICATION that the award of attorney's fees is DELETED for lack of basis.
SO ORDERED.
1 Rollo, pp. 147-162. Penned by now Presiding Justice Ruben T. Reyes as concurred in by Associate Justices Mariano C. Del Castillo and Fernanda Lampas Peralta.
2 Id. at 119-121. Penned by Judge Artemio B. Marrero.
3 Id. at 26-30.
4 Id. at 31.
7 Id. at 82-89. Penned by Judge Angela Dailay Papa.
9 Id. at 121.
10 Id. at 161.
11 Id. at 14.
13 Naguiat v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 118375, October 3, 2003, 412 SCRA 591, 596.
14 Municipality of Butig, Lanao del Sur v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 138348, December 9, 2005.
15 Naguiat v. Court of Appeals, supra at 596.
16 Montanez v. Mendoza, 441 Phil. 47, 55 (2002).
18 Rollo, p. 88.
21 Id.
23 Id. at 87-88.
26 G.R. No. 156360, January 14, 2005, 448 SCRA 220, 231.
27 G.R. No. 150755, June 28, 2005, 461 SCRA 435, 448, citing Alcaraz v. Tangga-an, 449 Phil. 62, 71 (2003).
30 Sampayan v. Court of Appeals, supra at 231.
32 Also written as Alberto Challiis in some portions of the records.
33 Montanez v. Mendoza, supra note 16 at 58-59.
34 Naval v. Panday, 341 Phil. 656, 682 (1997).
35 Aquino, Torts and Damages, 2005 Edition, p. 887.
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Murals, graphic novels, prints and more
Christopher Cardinale is a graphic novelist and muralist. He grew up in five states from Ohio to New Mexico. While living in Guatemala and Mexico his work was inspired by encampments of striking workers and anarchist punk collectives. He has been publishing comics since 2001 when his first visual narrative appeared in World War 3 Illustrated Magazine. Since 1996, Christopher has collaborated on and led large-scale mural projects in a diverse range of communities in New Mexico, New York City, Italy, Greece and Mexico. His work addresses such diverse themes as labor organizing history, cyclist and pedestrian rights, post-Katrina New Orleans and his experiences working in the jail at Rikers Island.
Christopher illustrated the graphic novel, “Mr. Mendoza’s Paintbrush,” by Luis Alberto Urrea. It was chosen by Kirkus Reviews as one of 2010’s Best Books for Teens. He also illustrated “Which Side Are You On? The story of a song,” by George Ella Lyon which received the Aesop Prize from The American Folklore Society and The Anne Izard Storytellers’ Choice Award.
He lives in Brooklyn with his wife, Sharon and their son, Macéo.
ridetolive.bike
Copyright by Christopher Cardinale 2019
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College Loans News
Latest College Financial News
November 10, 2012 - Election 2012
The election is behind us and there were quite a few state ballot questions concerning education, scholarships and the like. Here is a quick update of a few.
Arizona had Proposition 204 (Quality Education and Jobs Initiative) which would have increased the state sales tax by a penny, with the proceeds to benefit education, state infrastructure and the children's health insurance fund. Proposition 204 was defeated.
Heading across country, Florida was voting on Amendment 8, which would have removed the ban on allowing public money to fund religious entities including schools. This amendment was defeated by a 56-44% margin.
Maryland In-State Tuition Referendum, also known as the Dream Act Referendum, would allow undocumented immigrants to pay in-state tuition provided they could meet the requirements. They would have needed to attend a Maryland high school for at least three years and show that their parents had filed taxes. These students would need to attend Community College for two years and upon successful completion, would be able to transfer to a four year school and get the in-state tuition rate. This ballot question passed by 58-42%.
South Dakota had several education related ballot questions. The Initiated Measure 15 would have added 1 cent to the state sales tax and the added revenue would have benefited education and Medicaid reimbursement. It failed to pass.
Constitutional Amendment 0 would require the yearly transfer of 4% from the Cement Plant Trust Fund to the General Fund each year, the sum to support education. This item passed.
October 7, 2012 - Pittsburgh Promises Scholarships
In 2007, UPMC (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center) offered to fund scholarships with up to $100 million over 10 years. They put up $10 million up front with no strings and offered $10 million per year as long as the city could come up with $15 million as a match. While not able to fund the full amount for the past few years, there has still been a lot of money flowing into the fund. With about $150 million pledged so far, the Pittsburgh Promise will be able to fund scholarships of up to $40,000 over 4 years for students in the Pittsburgh area meeting the requirements. For more information, go to the Pittsburgh Promise website.
Jan. 20, 2012 - PG&E Bright Minds Scholarship
Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) are offering scholarships for students in their service area (Central & Northern California). Qualified students may be eligible to win one of 10 $30,000 scholarships, which may be renewable. Finalists will receive a $2,500 scholarship, which is not renewable, though students may reapply each year.
So, if you are getting ready to enter college in the fall and are at least 16 years old, go to http://www.pge.com/about/community/scholarships/ for more information and requirements about the Bright Minds Scholarships. One nice thing about this scholarship is that it's available to high school grads, GED holders, and non-traditional students. Applications must be submitted by February 17, 2012.
The Scholarship & Grant Guide
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Home | Media | News | Making Preventive Arrest Contingent Upon an Individual Pleading Guilty is in Breach of the Constitution
Making Preventive Arrest Contingent Upon an Individual Pleading Guilty is in Breach of the Constitution
On Tuesday, 30 October 2018, the Constitutional Court of Moldova delivered a judgment on the constitutionality of certain provisions of Article 185 para. (1) of the Criminal Procedure Code.
The circumstances of the case
The case originated in applications nos. 130g/2018 and 133g/2018 on the plea of the unconstitutionality of the text “and in the case of offenses committed with no physical or psychological compulsion applied, which did not harm the life and health of the individual or were not committed by an organised crime group or criminal organisation, the accused, the defendant did not plead guilty” of Article 185 para. (1) of the Criminal Procedure Code, referred to the Court by Judge Victor Sandu, in cases nos. 1-642/18 and 1-1039/14, pending before the Court of Law of Chișinău, central office; application no. 134a/2018 on the constitutionality review of the text “the accused, the defendant did not plead guilty” of Article 185 para. (1) of the Criminal Procedure Code lodged with the Constitutional Court on 26 September 2018 pursuant to Article 135 para. (1) let. a) of the Constitution by the MPs Mihai Ghimpu, Ion Apostol, Roman Boțan, Ion Casian, Petru Cosoi, Ștefan Vlas and Alina Zotea-Durnea, as well as in application no. 143g/2018 on the plea of the unconstitutionality of the text “the accused, the defendant did not plead guilty” of Article 185 para. (1) of the Criminal Procedure Code, referred to the Court upon the request of attorney Serghei Mocanu, in the case no. 14r-748/18, pending before the Court of Appeal of Chișinău.
According to the applicants, the contested provisions are in breach of the principle of the presumption of innocence, the right to remain silent, and the right to liberty and security.
The Court's assessment
The Court examined this case in light of Articles 21 (safeguarding the presumption of innocence) and 25 (safeguarding individual freedom and security of the person) of the Constitution.
The Court noted that any person is presumed innocent until proved guilty by a final court decision. However, that principle does not preclude during criminal proceedings for preventive measures to be applied against a person accused of having committed a crime. What this principle requires is the idea that, on the one hand, the arrest of an individual does not imply that following the trial, he will be convicted, but that any solution is possible, including that of his acquittal. On the other hand, when applying a preventive measure, the judge should not question the issue of a person’s guilt when he is suspected to having committed a crime, but only if there is sufficient evidence or information to suspect that the individual has committed that act, as well as to determine whether there are relevant and sufficient grounds justifying the application of a preventive measure (i.e. the risk that the accused will fail to appear for trial, the risk of obstruction of the proceedings, the risk to commit other crimes, the risk to cause public disorder).
Based on the principle of presumption of innocence, the burden of proof lies with the accusation, and the doubtful situations are to be interpreted in favour of the accused. Also, the presumption of innocence implies for the accused the right to propose evidence in his favour andthe privilege against self-incrimination.
At the same time, any deprivation of liberty must be legal. The requirement of legality is not met simply by observing the relevant domestic law; the domestic law itself must comply with the Constitution and with the European Convention, including the general principles provided or presumed by them.
In this respect, Article 5 para. (1) of the European Convention provides for a comprehensive list of the grounds for the deprivation of liberty referred to in letters (a) to (f). Therefore no deprivation of liberty may be deemed lawful unless it falls within one of these grounds.
The Court found that the preventive arrest on the ground that the person did not plead guilty does not fall within any of the grounds for deprivation of liberty under letters (a) to (f) of Article 5 para. (1) of the European Convention.
Further, the Court considered a number of cases of the European Court of Human Rights. Thus, in Ţurcan and Ţurcan v. Moldova of 23 October 2007, § 51, the European Court noted that the refusal to disclose the name of the witnesses who could prove the innocence of the person in the process not only cannot constitute a ground for detaining a person, but is in breach of the accused's right to remain silent.
Also, in Cebotari v. Moldova of 13 November 2007, § 48, the European Court underlined that, when lacking reasonable suspicion, arrest or detention of an individual must never be imposed for the purpose of making him confess or testify against others or to elicit facts or information which may serve to ground a reasonable suspicion against him.
Finally, in Tiron v. Romania of 7 April 2009, § 43, the national courts refused to order the applicant's release because he did not admit certain facts imputed to him. Again, the European Court noted that this circumstance cannot serve as a ground for detaining a person, but is in breach of the accused’s right to remain silent and not to incriminate oneself as guaranteed by Article 6 the European Convention. The Constitutional Court found no reason to depart from this finding.
Therefore, the preventive arrest in case of an individual not pleading guilty infringes in a disproportionate way upon the right to remain silent and the privilege against self-incrimination. At the same time, the contested provisions constrain the individual to plead guilty in order to avoid such a preventive measure as the arrest to be applied against him, which violates the right to freedom and security.
Hence, the Court considered that the text “and in the case of offenses which were committed with no physical or psychological compulsion being applied and which did not lead to harm to the life and health of the person being caused or were not committed by an organised crime group or criminal organisation, the accused, the defendant did not plead guilty” of Article 185 para. (1) of the Criminal Procedure Code is in breach of Articles 21 and 25 of the Constitution.
Conclusions of the Court
Stemming from the above-mentioned, the Court admitted the plea of unconstitutionality refered to the Court by Judge Victor Sandu in case no 1-1039/14, pending before the Court of Law of Chișinău, Center office, and the application lodged with the Court by the MPs Mihai Ghimpu, Ion Apostol, Roman Boțan, Ion Casian, Petru Cosoi, Ștefan Vlas and Alina Zotea-Durnea.
It declared unconstitutional the text “and in the case of offenses which were committed with no physical or psychological compulsion being applied and which did not lead to harm to the life and health of the person being caused or were not committed by an organised crime group or criminal organisation, the accused, the defendant did not plead guilty” of Article 185 para. (1) of the Criminal Procedure Code.
The Court found that this judgment shall produce legal effects starting with 17 August 2018.
It held that individuals who are under preventive arrest on the basis of the text declared unconstitutional by the present judgment must be released the soonest starting with the date this judgment was delivered.
Finally, the Court declared inadmissible the pleas of unconstitutionality referred to the Court by Judge Victor Sandu in case no. 1-642/18, pending before the Court of Law of Chișinău, Center office and, respectively and by the attorney Serghei Mocanu, in case no. 14r-748/18, pending before the Court of Appeal of Chișinău, as the contested provisions were not applied and there was no presumption that they would be applied in the criminal cases where the pleas of unconstitutionality were reffered to the Court.
This judgment is final, it cannot be appealed, shall enter into force on the date of its adoption, and shall be published in the Official Journal of Moldova.
This a courtesy translation of the original text available in Romanian language.
This a press-release of the Constitutional Court of Moldova, which may be subject to editorial revision. It does not bind the Court. Future press-releases, decisions, judgments, further information about the Court, as well as summaries (in Romanian) of relevant case-law of the European Court of Human Rights can be accessed on www.constcourt.md. To receive the above information, please subscribe on Court's home page.
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Free to play MOBA
Browser Based MMO
Universal Monsters Online
This week we see a return to the MOBA genre, only not quite as we’ve come to know it. Universal Monsters Online does a few things differently to the normal sword and sorcery DotA clone, bringing together some of the most iconic, best loved creatures from throughout the Universal horror films. Predating Hammer Horror and bringing some of the best known monsters to life, Universal was a staple for any self-respecting horror movie buff between the early 1920s and 1960. Many of these films have become the basis for how we think of these monsters today, so getting to see many of them all under one roof is a real treat.
Is it a scream or will you find yourself hiding behind the couch with a pillow over your head? Read on.
Universal Monsters Online Gameplay Review (Video)
Ahhh, A Monster! – Here’s a nice surprise – I actually recognize the characters in Universal Monsters Online. I have a feel for their strengths and weaknesses based on their roles in the films. This gives it a massive advantage over other MOBA games, especially for new players, because it instantly lessens perhaps the biggest part of any MOBA game: learning the characters. There’s still some of that process, of course, but you never feel like you’re looking at a line-up of strangers.
Browsing – Universal Monsters Online is a free-to-play browser game, and although this throws up a few problems of its own, it’s also a great way to experience the genre without needing to download anything.
Paranormal Portraits – The art style in the game is fantastic, harking back to the old movie posters that have become so well-loved over the years. It adds a real weight to the game, and a welcome one at that.
Detstroyed? – There are a number of small spelling mistakes throughout the game, which proves to be quite distracting at time. Not a major annoyance, and something that will be fixed fairly quickly I imagine, but it’s something that should already have been sorted out.
What’s In Store? – Imagine coming into a game in which you can play as Dracula, The Wolf Man, The Invisible Man and many, many more, and then imagine that those characters have to be unlocked. The best known characters – and they’re hidden behind “buy me” signs. Thankfully you can unlock them in-game, you don’t have to buy them with real money, but some people probably will. It’s not just characters, but new abilities and the like as well, meaning that paying – or heavy-playing – customers are likely to dominate over new free-to-play gamers.
Community – This one was almost a positive. The community in Universal Monsters Online seems fantastic. I don’t know if I’m just lucky, whether I’ve just avoided the immature, but I haven’t been in a single game where one player has attacked another. It’s a regular occurrence in League of Legends. The only reason that it goes into neutral territory is that unfortunately, it being browser based and free-to-play, is that some players just don’t take the game as seriously as perhaps people who have downloaded a client would. In more than one 4v4 game, players on my team have hung back in the HQ area for up to half of the game and then jumped in towards the end at level one.
Waiting Times – At the time of writing this, I’ve been waiting in a queue for nineteen minutes and there are only seven people (of the necessary ten) in the game. Although it’s now open to the public, I’m guessing some are put off by the fact that it’s in beta, and I don’t suppose it helps that DotA 2 is keeping people busy and Heroes of Newerth just went full free-to-play. It’s not the greatest of times to play a multiplayer game – early morning in the UK means middle of the night almost everywhere else – but it’s still not a great statement on the health of the game.
Graphics – Remember the downsides of being a browser game that I mentioned? This is where they are. The graphics aren’t downright unusable – although you have to play with the fact that it’s a browser game in mind – but they just aren’t even on the same level as other games in the genre. The animation is bad, the world isn’t presented especially well (although the “feel” of it is better than how it looks) and it might just be enough to put off some people.
Conclusion-Universal Monsters Online Review
Universal Monsters Online is different enough that it might just attract a few new players to the genre, and they’re going to love it. Personally I can’t help but think that the developer’s intentions are better than their current product, but I suppose that’s what a beta is for. There’s nothing here – with the exception of the ridiculous waiting times – that would put me off continuing to play it and it’ll definitely be something to check in with every couple of months to see how things have improved.
League of Legends, Heroes of Newerth, Defence of the Ancients 2
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Home > Features > Opinion > On The Next Level: Labels Seminar
Artwork by Kathleen Franks and Caroline Cardus, courtesy of InterAction, Milton Keynes.
In response to a workshop, as a part of Art Shape's Space Between touring exhibition, Zoe Partington confronts the issue of labels. Who uses them? Who chooses them?
Labels that are used in the context of disability are often loaded with terminology that disempowers and segregates disabled people. The recent touring exhibition developed by Art Shape, provided a platform for artists and disabled artists to present their art work together. Work was shown without reference to their impairment unless the artist wished to specify this as relevant to the art.
A seminar was developed to support the exhibition and discuss the issue of labels and open up the debate about the concerns of the inappropriate use of labels. This seminar we hope is the start of many. In this modern day, society still chooses to label disabled people with their specific impairment - for example the blind artist who can paint despite sight loss. This type of statement is loaded with unnecessary layers. It can be annoying for the individual, as they set out to create visual images and don't want to be drawn into a conversation about how they manage their life as a blind person.
The visual artist would prefer to have an honest critique around their technique and aspirations. Sometimes the problem with the label is that it has started to give the inquisitor the ammunition to ask things like, How do you cook a four course meal? or Wow you have children. How do you cope?
This type of approach from non-disabled people is very hard to avoid and very intrusive. People are obsessed with finding out what's wrong or how an artist copes with life, if they have an impairment. It is easy to be drawn into answering the question. In reality an artist doesn't want to discuss the lack of access in the external and internal environment, the inaccessible paper filling exercises for Access To Work , the difficulties at the chip and pin machine, the lack of accessible public transport, the rejection of your ideas and the constant time wasted on explaining your personal issues to complete strangers, medical professionals, funding bodies. What you need is your access issues resolving or meeting.
This type of unwanted questioning is experienced by disabled people every day and in the most bizarre places. Recently I was working in an organisation with 3 disabled artists. We were in the lift going to the workspaces when one of the artists was asked Are you stone deaf? And before they could draw breath the next question had been fired at them. Can you still drive? The other artist, who had a physical disability, was asked, What's up with your leg? Neither person had thought about the inappropriateness of the question or that it really was none of their bloody business. The difficulty begins when a disabled person starts to fight back because they are seen as rude or aggressive. They are expected to be passive or happy that the person is taking an interest in the problem. They are not supposed to say ‘I'm bloody fed up with this inequality and constant reference to how marvellous you are.’
Sometimes it seems that non-disabled people are unable to understand the rules and etiquette of over familiarity. Over many centuries disabled people have had to fight to be seen and heard as equals in society. Every disabled person has developed different techniques to achieve this. For some it's about just getting on with things and shrugging their shoulders every time inappropriate moments happen. For others it's about pointing out that the individual is not the problem but the lack of access. It is the environment and attitudes of others that are disempowering.
If the environment was fully accessible and attitudes equal, then individuals and groups could discard many labels that are applied to disabled people. One approach is to reclaim these labels so that a disabled person owns the label and decides how and when it is appropriate. This can be very difficult around labels such as crip as it is such a powerfully loaded term. However it can be used in an ironic way and thus thrown back at the negative abusers of labels, to create a level playing field.
Labels Seminar
In the seminar when we began talking about labels, people had very strong views on the terms and labels applied to them. In regard to art work it was suggested the term disability made a huge difference between people investing in work and attending an exhibition or not. An issue that continually seems to repeat itself is that the history of disability arts and deaf arts is not included in the history books and the work of disabled artists is not seen as true art unless presented by a non-disabled person. When suddenly a non-disabled person presents the idea, it is acceptable or understood. Sometimes you feel like you are in a parallel universe when you explain disability arts. You have to continually re-iterate the issue of a disabled person's perspective in great detail to shift and change thinking. Most people are locked into the therapeutic or charitable notion of disabled people presenting art work. It is a fine balance between how you frame your work, dependent on your audience as to whether the term disability in the title will attract or deter people from attending the show.
Tony Heaton talked about his positive experiences of defining himself as a disabled person and the strength this gave him to identify himself as an equal to other artists. He uses the term disability in his art work as he is interested in the way that his work can challenge the system and encourage society to ask questions of itself. It provides a mirror for the reasons why disabled people are segregated or ignored.
For disabled artists it should always be about the freedom of choice. This is where it starts to get more complicated. If you are a practising artist and you just create landscapes or films, then it may be that you choose to work without the label attached. If you are happy to be seen as a disabled artist it may be that your work is influenced by your experiences and this drives you to create. At this point many more questions need to be considered. You could start to ask the question about why you are an artist and what is your motivation? Is it your choice? Often it may be because it fits with your life and experience of managing your impairment. From a personal point of view I have for years advocated that creativity is a skill that all disabled people possess as they constantly have to be creative in their approach to accessing opportunities, employment, and social networks. The barriers that are placed in the way, have made disabled artists open to alternatives, and experienced at dealing with obstructive attitudes. The labels debate is an arena, which needs to be continually revisited as experiences change and the parameters of equality shift as more barriers are removed. The main underlying issue is that disability arts is not understood. Non-disabled people apply their criteria for accessing the worth of art. But as long as art work is judged in this unequal way, disability arts will perpetually be undermined or devalued.
Identity and labels are not as clear cut as we'd like to think. A young person talked about their experiences, ‘Once I had the label dyslexia it was fantastic because if someone called me thick I just replied, No you are wrong I have dyslexia . So I began to feel much better and stronger’. Often avoiding a label can be as negative as owning one, particularly if you feel that you have to hide your impairment to be recognised and respected. Hiding an impairment can be stressful and complicated. It was felt by the majority that once you owned the label and it was used by you in the way that you chose it became an empowering tool and could give you strength and inner freedom. If we lived in an ideal world you wouldn't need labels but if we need support or resources and access to services and information in the current system you have to be labelled and often the label replaces a proper analysis of the persons needs.
On the Next Level - Space Between , has been developed by Art Shape, alongside four partner organisations, Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust, The Brewhouse, Holton Lee and John Creasy Museum.
For more information about Zoe Partington-Sollinger click here
Friendly URL: http://www.disabilityartsonline.org.uk/artshape-labels-seminar
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Students’ Right to Home or Hospital Instruction Act of 2019
Introduced: July 9, 2019
Co-introducers: Councilmembers Robert White, Brianne Nadeau, Mary Cheh, Brandon Todd, Trayon White
BILL TEXT | PRESS RELEASE
Summary: To require every LEA to adopt and implement a home or hospital instruction program that provides academic instruction and support to students who have been or will be absent from their school of enrollment for 10 or more consecutive or cumulative school days due to a physical condition or a psychological condition; require OSSE to administer the appeals process; require OSSE to promulgate regulations.
Councilmember Grosso's Introduction Statement:
Today, along with my colleagues, Councilmembers Brianne Nadeau, Brandon Todd, Mary Cheh, Robert White, and Trayon White, I am introducing the Students’ Right to Home or Hospital Instruction Act of 2019.
This legislation requires every local education agency to adopt and implement a home or hospital instruction program that provides academic instruction and support to students who have been or will be absent from their school of enrollment for 10 or more consecutive or cumulative school days due to a physical or psychological condition. It also creates an appeal process to be administered by the Office of the State Superintendent of Education.
Over the past year, I and my staff have spent time reviewing the policies and practices of DCPS and speaking to the community about DCPS’ Home Hospital Instruction Program.
What I’ve learned is there is no transparency of process for determining a child’s eligibility, no clear mechanism for appealing a decision, and no basic public data about the program.
Further, students who are admitted into the Psychiatric Institute of Washington or St. Elizabeth’s Hospital don’t get any instruction at all. And it's not clear if public charter schools have a program in place, what the requirements are, or if they are in line with best practices.
More troubling is that I’ve consistently heard that many parents don’t know this program exists which puts our students further behind in their schoolwork. This legislation attempts to overcome all of these barriers so that our students can continue to learn no matter their circumstance.
I welcome any co-sponsors. Thank you.
Statement of Councilmember Grosso on suspension of Springboard programs at D.C. schools
Matthew Nocella, 202.724.8105 - mnocella@dccouncil.us
Washington, D.C. – The following is a statement from Councilmember David Grosso, chairperson of the Committee on Education, on the suspension of Springboard Education’s before- and after-care programs following a sexual abuse incident that involved a Springboard employee at Capitol Hill Montessori at Logan:
“I take very seriously the issue of sexual assault and abuse, especially against our students. Youth deserve a safe environment in which to learn and incidents like what happened at Capitol Hill Montessori at Logan violate their sense of security. We must redouble our efforts to prevent these violations.
“That is why I recently introduced, passed, and fully funded the School Safety Omnibus Amendment Act. This law requires all schools to have policies in place to prevent and properly respond to sexual abuse by adults against children and sexual harassment and assault among students. The bill also increases the requirements of D.C. Public Schools, charter schools, and private schools to uncover past sexual misconduct of any potential employees who will have direct contact with students, including those who provide before- and after-care. Schools must also train staff, contractors, and volunteers on preventing, detecting, and reporting sexual abuse or misconduct.
“In just the past year, several incidences of sexual assault—whether perpetrated by students or by adults against students—have occurred here in the District of Columbia, in traditional public, public charter, and private schools. It was upsetting enough to learn of these incidents, but in too many cases we also learned that the school’s response was inadequate.
“I want to commend DCPS for following the proper protocols and referring the situation to the Metropolitan Police Department when they were informed of the incident. I also applaud both DCPS and charter schools who have contracted with Springboard for acting swiftly to suspend their services. However, greater efforts must be made before employees ever step foot in our schools to guarantee that they do not intend to harm our students. I have further questions about how schools, and the Office of the State Superintendent of Education when appropriate, are ensuring that contractors like Springboard have conducted the proper screening of employees. This incident also shows the need for training and clear policies on detecting sexual abuse including red flags of potential violations.”
Grosso proposes greater local control and transparency in school budgeting
Matthew Nocella, (202) 724-8105
Washington, D.C. – Today Councilmember David Grosso, chairperson of the Committee on Education, introduced legislation to improve how education investments in D.C. Public Schools serve students and provide the public with greater information on how taxpayer dollars are expended in both traditional public and public charter schools in the District of Columbia.
“Over the past several years, there has been significant confusion around funding for both DCPS and charter schools,” Grosso said. “This has raised many questions from the public and elected officials about annual school funding cuts and increased calls for more transparency from both sectors. The School Based Budgeting and Transparency Act of 2019 seeks to provide the public and policymakers a more transparent way to digest and engage with how the District of Columbia funds schools.”
The legislation requires DCPS to use a school-based budgeting model, as opposed to the comprehensive staffing model, to fund schools and submit that to the D.C. Council.
“Communities and individual school leaders know how best to meet the needs of their students,” Grosso said. “This bill would allow principals to have more autonomy of their local dollars and the ability to build their budgets based on their students’ needs, rather than the adults that Central Office dictates schools must hire.”
The bill also requires greater transparency from D.C. public charter schools by subjecting them to the requirements of the D.C. Open Meetings Act and requiring the Public Charter School Board to publish both charter school budgets and school expenditures–including a delineation of how at-risk funds are being spent at each school. Currently, only school budgets are published.
Finally, the bill requires that the Office of the State Superintendent of Education publish school budget expenditure information in a way that ensures the public can compare expenditures by local education agencies and schools in a clear manner.
“These provisions give the public clear information and finally allows us to see across all schools how tax dollars are being spent,” Grosso said. “By no means is this the panacea to solve all of the problems around school budgets that the Council and the public have identified. I believe this starts the conversation,” Grosso said.
Chairman Phil Mendelson, along with every member of the Council, joined Grosso as co-introducers of the legislation.
School Based Budgeting and Transparency Act of 2019
Introduced: April 2, 2019
Co-introducers: Chairman Phil Mendelson, Councilmembers Anita Bonds, Robert White, Elissa Silverman, Brianne Nadeau, Jack Evans, Mary Cheh, Brandon Todd, Kenyan McDuffie, Charles Allen, Vincent Gray, and Trayon White
Summary: To amend The Uniform Per Student Funding Formula for Public Schools and Public Charter Schools Amendment Act of 1998 to require that the District of Columbia Public Schools submission be based on the cost associated at each school based on projected enrollment and include detailed information for each school’s funding, a separate line-item for at-risk funding for each school, and a narrative description of programs and services funded by at-risk funds; that the DCPS submission delineate cost of the central office attributed listed categories of students in each grade level; that the Public Charter School Board shall publish the detailed budget and end of year expenditures of each public charter school; to amend the District of Columbia School Reform Act of 1995 to require the Boards of Trustees of public charter schools to comply with Title IV of the District of Columbia Administrative Procedures Act; and to require the Office of the State Superintendent of Education to create an electronic reporting system for the public to ensure the greatest degree of clarity and comparability by laypersons of expenditures among all public schools in the District of Columbia.
Next, along with Chairman Mendelson, Councilmembers Allen, Bonds, Cheh, Evans, Gray, McDuffie, Nadeau, Silverman, Todd, R. White, T. White, I am introducing the School Based Budgeting and Transparency Act of 2019.
Over the past several years, there has been significant confusion around funding for DCPS schools. At the same time, there is less information about funding for public charter schools. The lack of information about public schools in both sectors has raised many questions around school funding cuts and transparency.
The Council and the public have had a number of conversations about the Universal Per Student Funding Formula, At-Risk Funding, and if fund allocations meant to supplement are actually supplanting.
I have long believed that we cannot have a full and meaningful conversation on this topic until we all have similar baseline information. Unfortunately, because of the disjointedness of our education system, and specifically our funding systems, we continue to have these conversations in silos.
Last year, the Committee on Education attempted to start this conversation when it approved a Budget Support Act subtitle to require the Mayor to be more transparent about how the executive formulates DCPS and schools’ budgets. Unfortunately, that language was not included in the final BSA.
This Council Period, we are attempting to start that conversation again because it is clear that the public is clamoring for a more transparent way to digest and engage with how the District of Columbia funds schools.
The School Based Budgeting and Transparency Act of 2019 attempts to bring about transparency in the following ways:
First, it requires DCPS use a school-based budgeting model to fund schools, as opposed to the comprehensive staffing model, and submit that to DC Council. This would allow principals to have more autonomy of their local dollars and the ability to build their budgets based on their students’ needs, rather than the adults that Central Office dictates schools must hire. It would also require DCPS to delineate the cost of central office in its budget submission.
Next, Public Charter Schools must be more transparent. It would subject charter schools to the DC Open Meetings Act. Additionally, it requires PCSB to publish both charter school budgets and school expenditures – currently, only school budgets are published. Also, the legislation makes clear that charters must delineate how at-risk funds are being spent at each school.
Finally, the bill requires that OSSE publish school budget expenditure information in a way that ensures the public can compare expenditures by LEA and by school in a clear manner. This gives parents and policymakers clear information and finally allows us to see across all schools how tax dollars are being spent.
By no means do I believe this is the panacea to solve all the problems around school budgets that the Council and the public have identified. I do however believe this is a place to start the conversation and I look forward to having that discussion with all stakeholders.
Statement of Councilmember Grosso on D.C. School Report Card release
Washington, D.C. – The following is a statement from Councilmember David Grosso (I-At Large), chairperson of the Committee on Education, on the release of the D.C. School Report Card and School Transparency and Reporting (STAR) Framework by the Office of the State Superintendent of Education (OSSE):
“The DC School Report Card is an important step towards greater transparency from our education system. It provides parents with detailed data on every public school in the District of Columbia, both our public charter schools and our traditional schools, to help them make informed decisions about their child’s education. Additionally, educators and policymakers now have a common metric by which to measure our schools and demonstrating where we need to focus our efforts to ensure that every student in the District of Columbia is in the best position to succeed.
“The STAR ratings are just one way to assess our schools at-a-glance. Behind those ratings is detailed data on academic growth, achievement, environment, and other important information–such as course and extra-curricular offerings–that provide a more complete picture to education stakeholders. I’m proud to note that there is a “4-star” school in every ward of our city, but we can not rest until every student has access to a top-quality educational experience no matter where in the city they reside. I truly believe that we are on that path, but much work remains. School communities on the lowest end of the scale will now be able to access federal education funding and be given the latitude to address their areas of improvement in a manner most appropriate for them. As chairperson of the Committee on Education, I will continue to push for greater local investments to help them succeed.
“I applaud OSSE and Superintendent Kang for their diligent work to create this report card, including the outstanding community and school outreach and engagement effort they undertook to create this important tool. This is the culmination of three years of hard work to implement the District of Columbia’s compliance with the federal Every Student Succeeds Act and I am very proud of our state education agency’s work on this.”
Latest version of education research legislation further insulates research from politics
Washington, D.C. – The following is a statement from Councilmember David Grosso (I-At Large), chairperson of the Committee on Education, on the Committee of the Whole’s Committee Print of B22-776, “District of Columbia Education Research Practice Partnership Establishment and Audit Act of 2018” (formerly known as the “District of Columbia Education Research Advisory Board and Collaborative Establishment Amendment Act of 2018”):
“Since this bill was introduced in June, my staff and I have worked collaboratively with Chairman Mendelson’s office to develop the strongest bill possible to establish an independent education research practice partnership in the District of Columbia.
“From the outset, I have been intent on creating an entity whose primary focus is on improving practice and giving all education stakeholders the best possible data to inform their decision making process. Meeting that goal will aid our efforts to close the persistent achievement gap and put every student in the best position to succeed.
“Though the Committee Print released by the Committee of the Whole differs from the Education Committee’s, I am glad to see this version further insulates the research practice partnership from politics by removing it completely from government. This is a change I have sought since the Council first began consideration of the bill and I look forward to wholeheartedly supporting it at tomorrow’s Committee of the Whole and Legislative Meetings tomorrow.”
Grosso alarmed by latest move threatening students’ behavioral health
Washington, D.C. – Councilmember David Grosso, chairperson of the Committee on Education and member of the Committee on Health, today sent a letter to the co-chairs of the School-Based Mental Health Coordinating Council, raising serious concerns about the Department of Behavioral Health’s allocation of funding for, and ultimately the provision of, student behavioral health services.
“Let me be clear, as a city we will not close the achievement gap if we do not know, understand, and meaningfully invest in the behavioral well-being of our students,” Grosso wrote.
Several community-based organizations have contacted Grosso with concerns about the DBH allocation of funds in a manner that runs contrary to the Task Force’s recommendations--a move that was made unilaterally by DBH. Without the funding structure recommended, many CBOs would withdraw and our highest need schools would forgo additional delivery of critical services.
“This is wholly unacceptable. Not only does it deviate from what both the Task Force and the Coordinating Council previously committed to, but it undermines the viability of the program,” Grosso wrote. “The program is disintegrating before it ever had a chance for success. It is absolutely imperative that we course correct.”
The School-Based Mental Health program is on its second attempt at expansion, following a lackluster roll out in 2017 that necessitated Council intervention, led by Grosso and Ward 7 Councilmember and Health Committee Chairperson Vince Gray, to create a task force comprised of a diverse group of stakeholders and the Department of Behavioral Health to offer recommendations.
But in his letter to DBH, Grosso called into question the DBH’s and the Executive branch’s motivations and good faith in its participation on the task force and its provision of services that put our students in the best position to succeed academically.
“Not only do I feel the Executive has been grossly dishonest about their intentions as it relates to this program, but I’ve come to believe that the Department is so intent on doing more with less that they are willing to compromise the type and quality of services that we afford our students,” he wrote.
Grosso has requested answers from DBH and the Coordinating Council on the timeline of student service delivery, the decision-making process of the funding reallocation, and contingency plans if the current course of action fails. Those responses are due by end of day December 5th.
11292018 CM Grosso Letter to DBH (School-Based Mental Health) by Team_Grosso on Scribd
Committee on Education unanimously approves Grosso’s legislation to address school sexual assault
Washington, D.C. – The Committee on Education today unanimously approved Councilmember David Grosso’s legislation to address and prevent sexual assault and abuse in D.C. schools.
“As the Trump administration is rolling back protections for student victims of sexual assault, and amid a national conversation about sexual misconduct, the time for the Council to create safer school environments for our students is now,” Grosso said. “While the nation has understandably been focused on the tragic and all too frequent occurrence of school shootings, the prevalence of sexual assault and abuse in our schools has not received the attention that it deserves.”
Between 2011 and 2015, the Associated Press found approximately 17,000 cases of sexual assault were filed in K-12 schools across the country.
“In just the past year, several incidences of sexual assault—whether perpetrated by students or by adults against students—have occurred here in the District of Columbia, in both traditional public and public charter schools. It was upsetting enough to learn of these incidents, but in too many cases we also learned that the school’s response was inadequate. Cases were mishandled. Victims, rather than the perpetrators, were punished. Claims were mocked,” Grosso said. “Through performance oversight hearings held this year, I grew more concerned that school leaders had not addressed this violence with appropriate urgency.”
The School Safety Omnibus Amendment Act of 2018 requires all schools to have policies in place to prevent and properly respond to sexual abuse by adults against children and sexual harassment and assault among students, including dating violence. The bill also increases the requirements of what efforts D.C. Public Schools and charter schools must make to uncover past sexual misconduct of any potential employees who will have direct contact with students.
Further, schools will need to provide age-appropriate instruction to students on consent, child abuse, personal boundaries, and healthy relationships.
Last year in D.C., 7% of heterosexual high-school aged youth and 15.4% of lesbian, gay or bisexual high-school aged youth had been physically forced to have sex when they did not want to, according to the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. The same survey found that 11.6% of heterosexual youth and 24.2% of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth had been victims of dating violence.
The School Safety Omnibus Amendment Act of 2018 will be considered by the full Council at the December 4th legislative meeting.
Grosso schedules hearing on bills to prevent and respond to sexual abuse, assault in schools
Washington, D.C. – The following is a statement from Councilmember David Grosso (I-At Large), chairperson of the Committee on Education, announcing a hearing on his legislation to address sexual assault and abuse in schools:
“How schools address the very real problems of sexual abuse and assault have been at the forefront of my mind over the past year. I was disturbed by reports last year that high schools were mishandling sexual assaults, in some cases punishing the victims of sexual assault.
“Through performance oversight hearings held this year, I grew more concerned that D.C. Public School senior leadership, the Office of Integrity, and some charter local education agencies were not taking these matters seriously. Then this week, the recordings from Roosevelt High School came to light. It has left parents, students, and the community uncertain about their own safety and how they will be treated if they are or were the victim of sexual assault.
“Our schools need to have more appropriate policies that support these victims and address the behaviors of the perpetrators. Last week, after working throughout the summer with education stakeholders, I introduced three pieces of legislation aimed at improving school safety at both traditional public and public charter schools in the District of Columbia.
“Two of the bills, the School Safety Act of 2018 and the Student Safety and Consent Education Act of 2018, would require all schools to have policies in place to prevent and properly respond to both child sexual abuse between adults and minors and sexual harassment and assault among students, including dating violence. Further, schools will need to provide age-appropriate instruction to students on consent, personal boundaries, and healthy relationships.
“I will hold a hearing on these bills on November 1, 2018 in Room 412 of the John A. Wilson Building at 1350 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW. I encourage all witnesses to sign up to testify to share their stories, or if they feel more comfortable, to submit written testimony to the Committee on Education by emailing testimony to astrange@dccouncil.us.”
Grosso introduces three bills to improve school safety
Washington, D.C. – Councilmember David Grosso (I-At Large) introduced three bills to create safer school environments for all students in the District of Columbia.
“Our students learn best when they are in a safe and welcoming environment,” said Grosso. “Addressing the very real concerns of sexual abuse and threats of physical violence are vital to protecting our students’ well-being.”
Grosso introduced the School Safety Act of 2018 today at the Council’s first legislative meeting following its summer recess. The bill requires both traditional public and charter schools to develop policies to prevent and properly respond to child sexual abuse when it occurs. It also mandates training for staff, students, and parents on child sexual abuse, in-line with legislation passed in many other jurisdictions.
“Over the past year we have seen incidences of sexual abuse and assault in our schools,” said Grosso, chairperson of the Council’s Committee on Education. “It was upsetting enough to learn of these incidents, but in too many cases we also learned that the school’s response was inadequate. My legislation seeks to fix that.”
Additionally, schools will need to take additional steps to ensure educators have not previously been fired or lost their teaching license in another jurisdiction for sexual misconduct, including cross-checking potential hires against the national database of teachers’ licenses.
Under another bill Grosso filed on Tuesday, the Student Safety and Consent Education Act of 2018, schools will be required to have policies in place to prevent and properly respond to sexual harassment and assault among students, including dating violence.
“I was disturbed by reports last year that high schools were mishandling sexual assaults, in some cases punishing the victims of sexual assault,” Grosso said. “They need to have more appropriate policies on the books that support these victims and address the behaviors of the perpetrators.”
Further under the bill, schools will need to provide age-appropriate instruction to students on consent, personal boundaries, and healthy relationships.
Finally, Grosso filed legislation, the Safe2Tell Act, creating an anonymous tip line for reporting student plans to do harm to themselves or others based on successful programs in other states including Colorado and Pennsylvania.
“At a time when the federal Department of Education is promoting more guns in schools as a response to violence, I am excited to continue the conversation in D.C. about how to truly make our schools safer.”
PARCC scores show incremental progress, persistent gaps
Washington, D.C. – The following is a statement from Councilmember David Grosso (I-At Large), chairperson of the Committee on Education, on the release of the Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers (PARCC) scores from assessments administered in the 2017-2018 school year:
“The PARCC results released today demonstrate that the District of Columbia continues to improve educational outcomes for its students. Year after year we have seen incremental gains in nearly every group of students, something unheard of in other states that administer this assessment. I’m particularly encouraged by the 7-point drop in the number of students who scored in the lowest two levels over the past 4 years. This is a strong indicator that efforts to reach our lowest performing students are paying dividends.
“However, the results also illuminate that work remains. Though racial groups and at-risk students saw gains overall, the gap between their achievement and that of their peers continues. Closing that gap will continue to remain our education system’s greatest challenge and will need to be a major focus of the education leaders the mayor will nominate in the coming months.”
Student Fair Access to School Amendment Act of 2018
On March 13, 2018, the Committee on Education unanimously approved Councilmember Grosso's Student Fair Access to School Amendment Act of 2018 (originally introduced in November 2017 as the Student Fair Access to School Act of 2017). The legislation limits out-of-school suspension of students in kindergarten through eighth grade to serious safety incidents and bans its utilization in high school for minor offenses. If exclusion becomes necessary, the bill protects a child's right to an education while they are off premises and requires a plan for the student to successfully return to the classroom.
Read the approved committee print of the legislation and committee report.
Grosso introduces bill to reduce exclusionary discipline in D.C. schools
Washington, D.C. – Building on his work to end the school-to-prison pipeline, increase school safety, and put every child in the best position to succeed, Councilmember David Grosso (I-At Large), chairperson of the Committee on Education, today introduced legislation aimed at curbing the use of exclusionary discipline at schools in the District of Columbia.
The Student Fair Access to School Act of 2017 limits out-of-school suspension of students in kindergarten through eighth grade to the most serious of circumstances and bans its utilization in high school for minor offenses. If exclusion becomes necessary, it protects a child’s right to an education while they are off premises and requires a plan for the student to successfully return to the classroom.
“Every student has a right to an education, which suspensions and expulsions potentially deprive them of,” Grosso said. “Even as we are in the midst of a citywide campaign to encourage every student to attend school every day, thousands of students are pushed out of school buildings each year as a result of excessive use of exclusionary discipline practices.”
According to the Office of the State Superintendent of Education, over 7,000 D.C. students—about 1 in 10 kindergarten through 12th grade students—were suspended or expelled during the 2015-2016 school year.
OSSE also found that African-American students in D.C. are seven times more likely to be suspended than their peers and students who are economically disadvantaged, receiving special education services, or at-risk of academic failure were twice as likely to get sent home.
“We know how negatively suspensions and expulsions affect the students pushed out of school—they are more likely to fail academically, to drop out, and to end up involved in the criminal justice system,” Grosso said. “We need to change our approach to set every student up for academic success.”
Additionally, the bill outlines the supports that the Office of the State Superintendent of Education must provide to schools and educators to promote these goals, including developing a trauma-informed educator certification and increasing supports for schools for restorative justice and mindfulness practices.
“This culture shift will require the full investment of D.C. government to be successful,” Grosso said. “I plan to increase funding for behavioral health staff in schools and professional development for school staff in the coming fiscal year 2019 budget.”
“I greatly appreciate the engagement of the school leaders, government agencies, policy experts, and education advocates who engaged with me and my staff over the last several months,” Grosso said. “The Student Fair Access to School Act is a direct result of a collaborative, months-long process and I encourage continued input throughout the legislative process.”
Student Fair Access to School Act of 2017
UPDATE: On March 13, 2018, the Committee on Education unanimously approved Councilmember Grosso's Student Fair Access to School Amendment Act of 2018 (originally introduced in November 2017 as the Student Fair Access to School Act of 2017). The legislation limits out-of-school suspension of students in kindergarten through eighth grade to serious safety incidents and bans its utilization in high school for minor offenses. If exclusion becomes necessary, the bill protects a child's right to an education while they are off premises and requires a plan for the student to successfully return to the classroom.
Introduced: November 21, 2017
Co-introducers: Councilmembers Anita Bonds, Brianne K. Nadeau, Mary Cheh
FACT SHEET | STATISTICS & RESEARCH | BILL TEXT | PRESS RELEASE
Summary: To establish parameters for local education agencies’ discipline policies to ensure student safety and access to education, including limits on the use of suspensions and expulsions, reporting, and supports provided by the Office of the State Superintendent of Education to promote trauma-informed educational settings.
I started working on this bill last spring, looking at the research and what other jurisdictions are doing.
Starting in July I convened several working group meetings with school leaders, advocates, and government officials to discuss the legislation.
Over 25 charter LEAs and DCPS have weighed in, and I have spoken directly with teachers, school leaders, parents, students, advocates, lawyers, researchers, and other experts about the language in the bill.
We may not all agree, but I have solicited and received feedback far and wide on these provisions and made many changes to reflect that engagement.
I have visited a dozen schools recently, and most are already moving in this direction, so it will not be a heavy lift for them to comply with this law.
This bill would limit the use of suspension and expulsion in kindergarten through 8th grade to instances of physical and emotional injury, whether actual, attempted, or threatened.
It would ban suspensions in high school for minor incidents like disobedience or uniform violations.
It would require schools--both DCPS and charters--to have discipline policies that avoid exclusion, address bias, and seek the root causes of misbehavior.
Despite the progress made over the past years, black students in D.C. are 7 times more likely to be suspended than white students—that should outrage us all.
When those students are suspended, they are more likely to fail academically, to drop out, and to end up involved in the criminal justice system.
Research also shows that these practices do not make schools safer, and may actually harm other students.
This bill is about ensuring student success, and disrupting the school-prison pipeline.
FACT SHEET Student Fair Access to School Act of 2017 by Team_Grosso on Scribd
Student Fair Access to School Act of 2017 by Team_Grosso on Scribd
Grosso to Hold Roundtable on the Confirmations of Donald Soifer, Kamili Anderson, and Karma Cottman
Councilmember David Grosso announces the scheduling of a public roundtable of the Committee on Education on PR21-722, Public Charter School Board Donald Soifer Confirmation Resolution of 2016, PR21-669, Board of Library Trustees Kamili Anderson Confirmation Resolution of 2016, and PR21-624, Board of Library Trustees Karma Cottman Confirmation Resolution of 2016. The roundtable will be held at 2:00 p.m. on Thursday, June 9, 2016 in Hearing Room 120 of the John A. Wilson Building.
Chairperson, Committee on Education
dgrosso@dccouncil.us
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Society and Scandal in Edwardian England
When we look at portraits of doughty Edwardians, read etiquette books from the period, and watch period films, it is easy to believe society of one hundred years ago was more genteel, more moral, and better behaved than today’s world. However, high society of the Edwardian era functioned because it presented the outward appearance of propriety and correctness to which the “lower orders” aspired. However, within certain social circles there existed many adages; among them numbered “Thou Shalt Not Tell” and “Never comment on a likeness”, as well as Mrs. Patrick Campbell’s famous quote, “Does it really matter what these affectionate people do — so long as they don’t do it in the streets and frighten the horses!”. Seeing that Mrs. Pat carried on an affair with the much younger George Cornwallis-West, the much younger husband of Lady Randolph Churchill (née Jennie Jerome), whilst starring in Lady Randolph’s play, His Borrowed Plumes, her advice definitely came from personal experience. This is not to assume all fashionable Edwardians cast all morals to the winds, but they were in a better position socially and financially to indulge in their desires, and woe to anyone who broke the rules of society by exposing their affairs to the public gaze.
The Marlborough House Set, and to a lesser extent, The Souls, largely set the tone of aristocratic Edwardian society—though sticklers such as the Marquess and Marchioness of Salisbury (who never followed the common practice of inviting Alice Keppel to a house party with the King) did not approve of their hi-jinks. Based on those aforementioned adages, husbands and wives were permitted to take lovers after filling their nursery with legitimate children, and society respected these extramarital bonds just as much, if not more so in some cases, as they did the couples’ legitimate marriages. The Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII, known as Bertie to intimates), however, was permitted much more freedom for dalliance than his subjects, and everyone knew just whom a certain lady entertained when a particular carriage dawdled at her front steps during afternoon tea (the prescribed hour for affaires d’amour).
But our Edwardian gentlemen and ladies did not enter into affairs lightly. In fact, casual affairs were quite rare, if only because of their impossibility. Not only because of the cumbersome clothing ladies wore, but because they lived under the constant surveillance of servants. They were awakened and dressed by maids, servants were constantly cleaning or attending to the family, and they played their social roles in public—riding in Rotten Row, attending dinners, dancing at balls, paying calls, etc etc—all under the eye of servants and the general public. As a result, a lady and her erstwhile lover could spend months exchanging sighs, heated glances and brief embraces, and scribbling loving letters to one another, before they could arrange a schedule for their assignations. This all appears so bloodless and correct, but human nature doesn’t respect rules, and it wasn’t uncommon for even the most circumspect people to lose themselves in a blaze of passion.
And in stepped scandal.
The Mordaunt and Aylesford divorce cases shook the core of the fun-loving Marlborough House Set since they involved the Prince of Wales, but they did nothing to end Bertie and his circle’s indulgences. In his pursuit of pleasure, many of his set fell to rack and ruin in their attempts to follow his lead:
Lillie Langtry, royal mistress of the Prince of Wales from 1877 to 1880, fell from grace when she became pregnant with her daughter Jeanne Marie, and definitely could not pass the child off as her husband’s. Only her enduring relationship with the Prince of Wales saved her from complete ruin, when in the wake of her divorce from Edward Langtry and their creditors, she became an actress. Though audiences in England and America only purchased tickets because of her notoriety and Bertie’s appearance at her first nights, her success did much to rehabilitate her reputation in society.
Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 20th Earl of Shrewsbury wreaked havoc when he eloped with the very married Ellen Miller-Mundy. She managed to divorce her husband and marry the Earl only months before the birth of their son, Viscount Ingestre, in 1882. Unfortunately, the Earl and Countess separated soon after, and though Lord Shrewsbury could re-enter society, no amount of support from his powerful sisters–which included Theresa, Marchioness of Londonderry–facilitated her re-entrance. Due to this gross breach of etiquette, Lady Shrewsbury spent the remainder of her life plagued with monetary troubles and largely ostracized from society until her death in 1940.
Lady Colin Campbell, née Gertrude Elizabeth Blood, was a delicious Irish beauty who met and married Lord Colin Campbell, fifth son of the 8th Duke of Argyll, quickly after meeting him in 1880. Despite Lord Colin’s impeccable background, he was a rake of the first order, and their wedding was actually postponed twice because of health issues. Despite this, Gertrude’s social-climbing mother pushed through the obstacles in order to see her daughter become a member of such an illustrious family. Shortly after moving to London, Lady Colin Campbell discovered that her husband had infected her with venereal disease. She filed for and was granted a judicial separation from Lord Colin in 1884 on the grounds of cruelty, that he had knowingly infected her. But that wasn’t the end of their marriage, for both sued one another for divorce that same year, with Lord Colin accusing her of adultery with four prominent gentlemen in the trial which finally took place in 1886. Gertrude was denied her divorce, and under the double-standards of the day, her husband was granted a divorce. A scandalous divorcée, Lady Colin Campbell rebuilt her life along her own lines, becoming a respected journalist in her own right and close friends with James McNeill Whistler and George Bernard Shaw.
[Photograph of the Marchioness of Downshire, later Mrs. Joe Laycock] Daisy, Countess of Warwick was prone to scandal. When in 1889, Daisy (then Lady Brooke) discovered that Lady Charles Beresford was pregnant with her husband’s child when he was having an affair with her, she dashed off a furious letter to Lord Charles, which his wife intercepted. Lady Charles then refused to return the letter, placing it in the care of society’s favorite solicitor, George Lewis. The beautiful Daisy pleaded with the Prince of Wales to intercede, and it was no surprise when she became his latest inamorata. In the meantime, Lady Charles continued to write about Daisy’s affair with her husband to whomever she could, and her sister wrote an anonymous pamphlet ridiculing Lady Brooke’s tantrum over her lover impregnating his own wife, thus spreading the scandal far and wide. Nevertheless, as Bertie’s new mistress, Daisy’s position in society was now unassailable, and Lady Charles was forced to retreat into seething silence.
After her affair with Bertie cooled in 1898, she fell in love with Joe Laycock, a millionaire who fathered two of her children, Maynard and Mercy (so named when she discovered she was pregnant at age 41). But Laycock was also seeing Kitty Downshire, the wife of an Irish marquess, and when Kitty’s husband threatened divorce over her affair, this menage-a-trois set society’s pens ablaze with letters deploring, snickering at, and gossiping about such scandalous conduct. Joe and Kitty married after her divorce (a man named as correspondent in a divorce suit was considered a cad if he didn’t marry the divorcée), and the heartsick Daisy was forced to attend to other matters, such as her near poverty. Years of lavish entertainment and socialistic pursuits had depleted the immense fortune she’d inherited from her grandfather. Daisy’s last scandal was her 1913 attempt to sell Bertie’s love letters to her. George V ignored her blackmail, but Arthur do Cros purchased the lot and they were published in the 1960s.
Henry Paget, 5th Marquess of Anglesey, known as the “Dancing Marquess” for his habit of performing “sinuous, sexy, snake-like dances,” packed a lot of scandal into his short life. Upon the death of his father in 1898, he inherited his title and the family estates with about 30,000 acres, which provided an annual income of £110,000. He promptly went on a spending spree, buying jewels, outlandish clothes, and bizarre fripperies. His wife, the former Lillian Florence Maud Chetwynd, filed for an annulment in 1900, claiming non-consummation, and rumor had it he forced her to lie naked while he covered her body with jewels, after which he stood and admired his handiwork. Shed of a wife, Lord Anglesey poured more and more of his money in jewels and building an opulent theater in which he and a hired troupe performed lavishly-decorated plays. He also mortgaged his estates to the hilt, bringing in an additional £250,000, and kept spending. Therefore it was no surprise when in 1904, he had racked up hundreds of thousands of pounds in debt. He was forced to sell his precious clothes, jewels, dogs, railway car, horses, cars, carriages and yachts to pay creditors, and left with £3,000 a year, he moved to Monaco, where he died the following year after a long illness at the age of 30.
This was just the tip of the iceberg, though it seemed a nice portion of scandal resulted from the alliances of American heiresses with British peers (as well as the European aristocracy). One scandal which comes to mind is that of Katherine McVickar. The daughter of a Commodore in the U.S. Navy, Miss McVickar arrived in England in 1870, where she met the forty-something Major Charles Grantley Norton and accepted his proposal of marriage. Nine years later, her marriage to Norton was dissolved so she could marry his cousin John Richard Brinsley Norton, 5th Baron Grantley, who was twenty years younger and the father of her unborn child. Katherine and Lord Grantley married only five days before she gave birth to the Hon. Joan Mary Conyers Norton. This bit of scandal was covered up by Debrett’s, who amended their subsequent editions to make it appear that Katherine hadn’t divorced her husband to marry his cousin days before the birth of her daughter. Fortunately for all parties involved, Katherine went on to become a noted society hostess until her death in 1897.
Another noted case was Frances Work, who married James Burke Roche, later 3rd Baron Fermoy, in 1880. Her father was very much against international marriages and as a condition of Frances’ marriage to Burke Roche, her twin sons Francis and Maurice were raised in America. Frances divorced Roche for desertion in 1891, but her father remained mistrustful of his daughter’s sense, and left a will with fifteen codicils, which mirrored her marital career: one cut her out of his will when she married Hungarian horse trainer Aurel Batonyi in 1905. She was restated in the will by another codicil, which left her a nice sum if she separated from Batonyi.
As you can see, not even the Edwardians were exempt from messy scandals, bitter divorces, and illegitimate children. The difference between us and them was style with which they carried off their breaches of etiquette. Though, as mentioned above, the double-standards frequently resulted in the ostracism of women, but if enough money, power, and position were involved, even the most shocking circumstances could be overcome.
The Marlborough House Set by Anita Leslie
To Marry an English Lord by Gail MacColl and Carol McD. Wallace
Article on the 5th Marquess of Anglesey from the Daily Mail
American Jennie by Anne Sebba
Daisy: the life and loves of the Countess of Warwick by Sushila Anand
Posted in Scandal, Society | 3 Comments
Tags: american heiresses, downton abbey, People, Scandal, Society
« Footage of Vernon and Irene Castle
Downton Abbey: Episode Three »
3 Comments on Society and Scandal in Edwardian England
Elizabeth Kerri Mahon
January 25, 2011 at 11:15 AM (8 years ago)
What a great post! I learned all about Mrs. Pat when I played Eliza in Pgymalion. What is about the women who married Lord Colin Campbell. The currently Lady Colin Campbell is quite scandalous with her books about Princess Diana and Lily Safra, not to mention her personal life.
heidenkind
January 25, 2011 at 12:02 PM (8 years ago)
How dare you cheat on me with your wife! Hahaha.
As for the snake-like dancing thing, I don’t even want to know….
1Pingbacks & Trackbacks on Society and Scandal in Edwardian England
Uranus in Taurus - Scullywag Astrology says:
[…] prudishness of the Victorian Era followed by the freer Edwardian era, and then the roaring 20’s. Just as the Puritan era in England was followed by the […]
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ALLEN LOOKS TO PULL FROM FIGHT
Requests a reschedule due to illness
Johannesburg, South Africa – In the lead up to what many have billed the biggest featherweight fight in EFC history, former champion Boyd Allen has notified EFC about an illness which may force him to pull from the fight against champion Igeu Kabesa.
Should Allen not appear on 10 March, it would be for the second time. Allen and Kabesa were scheduled to fight in the beginning of last year, but the fight fell away after Allen injured his hand in training.
EFC Matchmaker Graeme Cartmell confirmed this morning that Allen notified him of his illness.
“Boyd says he has had flu and has been trying to fight it off for some time, but he is worried that he’s not recovering quick enough. Due to the illness, he doesn’t think he can cut weight safely, and is concerned that he won’t be at 100% fitness on fight night.”
“We have offered him to take the fight at a heavier weight, just not for the title, but Boyd would prefer the fight to take place at a later date. I have said that this is not an option, Igeu is ready to compete and delaying him would not be fair.”
Allen has been requested to visit a doctor for a medical examination, to determine if he will be healthy enough to compete on 10 March.
Cartmell concluded, “We are striving to make this fight happen, but if Boyd inevitably doesn’t take the fight, we have two dangerous replacements ready to take his place.”
As of now, Allen is not out, but should this be the case, Cartmell openly laid out who the replacements are:
Signed to EFC for some time now, but not yet appearing in the Hexagon, is Brazil’s ‘Bananada’ Da Silva. The South American fighter has 22 wins to his name and is ready to go. Notably, he is training with one of Kabesa’s former coaches, the renowned Brendon Katz.
Competing for the stand-in spot is the former title contender, Pierre Botha. Coming off a big win in Carnival City, the South African favourite is eager to get a rematch and revenge over the current champion and will do whatever it takes to get the shot.
EFC 67 Kabesa vs Allen, Eliasov vs Penco is presented by Betxchange.com and takes place on Saturday 10 March live from Carnival City, Johannesburg. Tickets are on sale at computicket.com, and the 5 main card bouts will be broadcast live on kwesesports.com (Sub-Saharan Africa), Kwesé Free Sports 1 (Kenya & Rwanda), TVplayer (UK) and live in South Africa on SABC 3 starting at 21:00 (CAT). Full broadcast details available on efcworldwide.com.
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Events Picture Gallery
The Eleventh Hour
Lodge Hours
Doe Club
Pool Happenings
Charlottesville Elks Lodge #389
Elks Care . . . . . . Elks Share
Calvin E. Dodd
Calvin Early Dodd passed peacefully away at Rosewood Village on Wednesday, December 3, 2014, where he recently celebrated his 90th birthday, surrounded by his loving family. He was born on November 16, 1924 in Charlottesville, Virginia. He was preceded in death by his father and mother, Enoch Brower Dodd and Anna Mae Stribling Dodd; and his siblings, Elsie Valentine Dodd Nicholas, Jesse Haywood Dodd and Randolph Harvey Dodd. He is survived by his beloved wife of 67 years, Virginia Belle Herron Dodd. Calvin was a member of First Presbyterian Church of Charlottesville since the age of 5 and a proud founding member of the Rivanna Rifle and Pistol Club. He was also a graduate of Lane High School and a veteran of World War II, where he served in the United States Army. Calvin was a salesman for both Fielding Auto Parts and R.M. Davis auto dealership until his retirement. Affectionately known as "Boney" by family and close friends, he will be remembered as a charming southern gentleman who loved fishing at his vacation home in Deltaville. Donations in his memory may be made to Hospice of the Piedmont, 675 Peter Jefferson Parkway, Suite 300, Charlottesville, VA 22911 www.hopva.org; or First Presbyterian Church, 500 Park Street, Charlottesville, VA 22902. Condolences may be sent to the family at www.hillandwood.com.
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Lessons Learned: Embracing a Comprehensive Database
Using a comprehensive database to track landowner contacts and agency activities, the Arkansas Forestry Commission provides examples and inspiration.
Katherine Hollins
As long as there have been grants, there have been grant reports. Thirty years ago, the Arkansas Forestry Commission (AFC) was asking staff to mail in paper reports about their programs that aligned with Federal grants. That reporting was eventually switched to Access databases, but staff had to mail disks to Little Rock to keep the central database updated. Ten years ago, AFC invested $48,000 in an online database system accessible anywhere, and with real-time updates. It provides tracking and reporting capabilities well beyond what is needed for grants, and paid for itself in savings almost immediately.
Entries cover all kinds of activities and information: school programs, tree plantings, Arbor Day events, management plans, EQIP applications, site visits, fire information, participant contact information, and landowner demographics. All of this information in one place allows for more useful reporting and analysis on a variety of scales. One person may need to assess state-wide data from past fire seasons to plan for the next year, another may want to compare activities occurring in two different regions, and another may want to reference a particular landowner’s report to help them take the next step in managing their land. Activities are tagged with their program funding to make grant reporting simple.
Do you want to know how many newspaper articles were published related to AFC? The database can tell you.
When Evette Browning joined the agency in 2002, she was leading the agency’s outreach efforts and needed information about minority landowners. Most of the existing landowner entries didn’t include information about race, but AFC was able to modify the database to meet this new need. They changed “race” to be a mandatory field, and now Evette has the data she needs to be able to direct programming to appropriate counties and track how well AFC is serving minority landowners.
Though the database required a sizeable initial investment, it only costs $3,000 per year for hosting and maintenance. Assistant State Forester, Doug Akin feels it increases their efficiency, and ultimately saves them money. It even produced an immediate savings of $53,000 due to a reduced need for ArcGIS licenses. The database allows for just enough mapping to satisfy the needs of most staff, but all of the data can be exported to ArcGIS for more detailed analysis when needed. This reduced the need for each district office to have an expensive Arc license. Other savings come in the form of increased efficiencies. Staff are able to access the information they need easily, and outreach to landowners can be done in a more focused way. For example, if one county has a lot of landowners planting new trees, staff can use that information when deciding whether to build on the momentum in that area, or change the program offerings to take those landowners to the next level.
AFC’s database wasn’t built overnight. An early version was piloted with a handful of field staff to identify gaps and issues, and once all of the staff were able to use the database for a while, they were able to provide additional comments and ideas for making it more useful. These ideas were incorporated in the next update, and the system is regularly tweaked to satisfy emerging needs.
Nearly all AFC Foresters, Rangers, and Program Managers are required to record their activities in the system. New staff learn how to use the database as part of their new-hire training, and activities reporting via the database is linked to staff’s annual performance reviews. However, AFC also provides incentives for entering data – last year, the region with the best reporting rate received a new chainsaw for their department. With over 100 users, a database this comprehensive requires consistency. This is achieved by using dropdowns wherever possible, including mandatory fields, and forcing “contingencies” (e.g. you can’t input a tree planting inspection unless that landowner has a tree planting plan first).
The database can interface with ArcGIS.
Although developing a comprehensive database and getting buy-in from staff can feel intimidating, AFC provides an example of how to do it well. By investing in a product that met the needs of field staff and supervisors and produced immediate savings, the database was off to a good start. By creating incentives for using the database and establishing it as part of standard operating procedures with new staff, they have built a robust dataset. Now AFC staff can harness additional efficiencies with reporting and analysis, and the continued use of the database just builds on the information they can draw from. The AFC database is providing benefits and capabilities that go well beyond what is needed for a simple grant report.
Thank you to Evette Browning, Doug Akin, and Jim Jolley for being interviewed for this article.
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The Archaeological Encounter in British Fiction, 1880–1940
Date: 16 February, 10:00
Location: Geijersalen, Humanistiskt centrum, Thunbergsvägen 3P, Uppsala
Doctoral student: Driscoll, Leonard
Organiser: Engelska institutionen
Contact person: Driscoll, Leonard
Ancient artefacts appeared frequently in late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century British fiction. Prehistoric stone circles, enigmatic potsherds, Egyptian mummies, and other such antiquities featured in everything from fin de siècle adventure narratives to the major works of High Modernism.
Why did such a diverse range of authors turn to archaeology in this period? What exactly did archaeological objects signify in their novels? And which new literary forms emerged from this intersection of fiction and archaeology? This dissertation examines this archaeological encounter in British fiction and finds that a central reason for its flourishing in these decades is that authors drew inspiration from the profound changes that were at that time transforming archaeology. Between 1880 and 1940, archaeology developed from a loosely defined set of ideas and practices into a well-funded, professional, and popular discipline with specialized methods, theories, and institutions. Through in-depth research into archaeology as it was practiced and promoted, this study aims to reveal the specific associations archaeology held for contemporary authors and thereby restore to literary history the debates, ideas, and contexts of a discipline in formation.
This study examines the representation of archaeological artefacts in the fiction of a diverse body of writers, including Agatha Christie, Mary Butts, and Arthur Conan Doyle, while offering detailed analyses of the presence of archaeology in the works of Thomas Hardy, H. Rider Haggard, and Virginia Woolf. Drawing on key concepts from Thing Theory, it argues that through their depiction of archaeological things these authors transformed archaeological practices into literary forms: they staged contemporary archaeological methods and theories by turning them into narrative, descriptive, and paratextual strategies for the representation of the material world, including modern objects. Overall, this study outlines a new approach to the fiction of the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries by providing a detailed account of the cultural encounter between archaeology and fiction at a time when both were in the process of radical transformation. In sum, it shows that archaeology, literally a science of old things, gave rise to important new modes of literary material representation in late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century fiction.
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PREPARE FOR THE TERRIFYING NEW CHAPTER IN THE GROUNDBREAKING RING FRANCHISE
Apr 6, 2017 | Featured, Press Alert | 0 comments
Samara Returns on Blu-ray™ Combo Pack May 2, 2017
The Horror Begins Early on Digital HD April 21
HOLLYWOOD, Calif. – The legend of Samara takes a chilling turn in the new chapter of the hit Ring franchise, RINGS, which comes calling on Blu-ray Combo Pack, DVD and
On Demand May 2, 2017 from Paramount Home Media Distribution. Dare to watch on
Digital HD two weeks early on April 21.
When a radical college professor (Johnny Galecki, “The Big Bang Theory”) finds the mysterious video rumored to kill viewers seven days after watching, he enlists his students in a dangerous experiment to uncover the secrets behind the Samara legend. When the deadly video goes viral, they must figure out a way to break the curse and defeat Samara before her evil is unleashed upon the world. But, how do you stop her when she’s everywhere? RINGS also stars Matilda Anna Ingrid Lutz (Summertime), Alex Roe (The 5th Wave), Aimee Teegarden (“Friday Night Lights”) and Vincent D’Onofrio (“Law & Order: Criminal Intent”).
The RINGS Blu-ray Combo Pack features over 45 minutes of terrifying bonus content including deleted and extended scenes and a nail-biting alternate ending. Plus, go behind-the-scenes with interviews with the cast and crew as they discuss the new chapter in the iconic Ring franchise, dare to discover the real Samara, and more! Buy RINGS on Blu-ray Combo Pack and complete the circle with a bonus Digital HD of both The Ring and The Ring Two, for a limited time only.
RINGS Blu-ray Combo Pack
The RINGS Blu-ray is presented in 1080p high definition with English 7.1 DTS-HD Master Audio, French 5.1 Dolby Digital, Spanish 5.1 Dolby Digital, Portuguese 5.1 Dolby Digital and English Audio Description and English, English SDH, French, Spanish and Portuguese subtitles. The DVD in the combo pack is presented in widescreen enhanced for 16:9 TVs with English 5.1 Dolby Digital, French 5.1 Dolby Digital, Spanish 5.1 Dolby Digital and English Audio Description and English, French, Spanish and Portuguese subtitles. The combo pack includes access to a Digital HD copy of the film as well as the following:
Feature film in high definition
Bonus Content:
Terror Comes Full Circle
Resurrecting the Dead: Bringing Samara Back
Scary Scenes
Deleted/Extended/Alternate Scenes
Feature film in standard definition
RINGS Single-Disc DVD
The single-disc DVD is presented in widescreen enhanced for 16:9 TVs with English 5.1 Dolby Digital, French 5.1 Dolby Digital, Spanish 5.1 Dolby Digital and English Audio Description and English, French, Spanish and Portuguese subtitles. The disc includes the film in standard definition.
http://www.RingsMovie.com/
Facebook: https://www.Facebook.com/RingsMovie
Twitter: https://Twitter.com/RingsMovie
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ringsmovie/
Amazon: http://j.mp/OwnRingsNow
iTunes: http://j.mp/RingsWebsite
Paramount Pictures presents a Parkes+MacDonald Imagenation production “Rings.” Executive music producer Hans Zimmer. Music by Matthew Margeson. Costume designer Christopher Peterson. Edited by Steven Mirkovich, ACE and Jeremiah O’Driscoll. Production designer Kevin Kavanaugh. Director of photography Sharone Meir. Executive producers Amy Sayres, Ehren Kruger, Mike Macari, Neal Edelstein, Christopher Bender, J.C. Spink and Roy Lee. Produced by Walter F. Parkes and Laurie MacDonald. Story by David Loucka and Jacob Estes. Screenplay by David Loucka and Jacob Estes and Akiva Goldsman. Directed by F. Javier Gutierrez.
About Paramount Home Media Distribution
Paramount Home Media Distribution (PHMD) is part of Paramount Pictures Corporation (PPC), a global producer and distributor of filmed entertainment. PPC is a unit of Viacom (NASDAQ: VIAB, VIA), home to premier media brands that create television programs, motion pictures, consumer products, and digital content for audiences in 180 countries and territories. The PHMD division oversees PPC’s home entertainment and transactional digital distribution activities worldwide. The division is responsible for the sales, marketing and distribution of home entertainment content on behalf of Paramount Pictures, Paramount Animation, Paramount Vantage, Paramount Classics, MTV, Nickelodeon, Comedy Central and CBS and applicable licensing and servicing of certain DreamWorks Animation titles. PHMD additionally manages global licensing of studio content and transactional distribution across worldwide digital distribution platforms including online, mobile and portable devices and emerging technologies.
For artwork please visit: https://arc.paramount.com
Street Date: April 21, 2017 (Digital HD)
May 2, 2017 (Blu-ray, DVD, and On Demand)
U.S. Rating: PG-13 for violence/terror, thematic elements, some sexuality and brief drug material
Canadian Rating: 14A for violence, frightening scenes
ESSENCE-REGINA KING, SANAA LATHAN AND ELAINE WELTEROTH CONFIRMED AS PRESENTERS FOR 2019 ESSENCE BLACK WOMEN IN HOLLYWOOD
by admin | Feb 20, 2019 | Featured, Press Alert | 0 Comments
Press Alert FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE REGINA KING, SANAA LATHAN AND ELAINE WELTEROTH CONFIRMED AS PRESENTERS FOR 2019 ESSENCE BLACK WOMEN IN HOLLYWOOD AWARDS CELEBRATING ART AND ACTIVISM, FEBRUARY 21, 2019 IN BEVERLY HILLS, CA --------------------...
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But Jesus beheld them, and said unto them, With men this is impossible; but with God all things are possible. ~Matthew 19:26
May Day: Satan's High Carnival
By Associated Press May 2 at 1:26 AM
PORTLAND, Ore. — The Latest on May Day events across the United States (all times local):
Seattle police say five people were arrested in May Day protests downtown.
Seattle police tweeted Monday night that those arrested ranged in age from 19 to 51. A 26-year-old man was arrested after reportedly throwing a rock as a group of Trump supporters met up with other protesters in Westlake Park.
Police Chief Ronnie Roberts in Olympia, Washington, said Monday night that nine people were arrested in a May Day protest-turned-riot and that all were booked on a felony riot charge.
Roberts says rioters hit nine police officers with rocks or marbles flung out of slingshots but no one was seriously injured thanks to helmets and other gear.
Thousands of union members and activists were marching in the shadow of some of the biggest resorts on the Las Vegas Strip during a May Day event organized to push back against Trump administration policies.
The loud and colorful demonstration Monday on Las Vegas Boulevard drew stares from tourists from Chicago, Boston and California, and remained peaceful.
In Olympia, Washington, police ordered protesters to disperse, calling them “members of a mob” as some threw bottles, used pepper spray and fired rocks from slingshots at officers.
Seattle police have arrested one person during a May Day rally.
Seattle police said on Twitter that the suspect was arrested early Monday evening for reportedly throwing a rock as a group of Trump supporters met up with other May Day protesters in Westlake Park.
Meanwhile in Portland, “numerous people have been arrested” in a May Day rally and march turned riot because of anarchists, police said.
Reporters from multiple media outlets in Portland were tweeting photos of broken and cracked windows at businesses including Target and J. Crew as well as at Portland City Hall.
Portland, Oregon, police say officers have arrested at least three people during a downtown May Day rally and march that they say became a riot.
Police said on Twitter Monday that anarchists destroyed a police car, damaged numerous windows and property, started fires in the streets and attacked police.
Police were telling people to leave the area or risk arrest after canceling a permit obtained for the May Day event.
It wasn’t immediately clear if anyone had been injured.
Police in Portland, Oregon, say the permit obtained for the May Day rally and march there was canceled as some marchers began throwing projectiles at officers.
Police said on Twitter that all participants were encouraged to leave the march as smoke bombs and other items continued to be thrown at police Monday afternoon.
Police say the permit was being canceled “due to numerous incidents of thrown projectiles, incendiary devices, and other unsafe conditions.”
No injuries had been reported.
Portland was among many major cities where thousands of people were demonstrating, but it was among the only spots where there was unrest.
About 200 people in Portland, Oregon, including some families with children, joined many thousands of others across the country in pro-labor, pro-immigration and anti-President Donald Trump rallies on May Day.
In Portland, dancers in bright, feathered headdresses performed to the beat of drums on Monday afternoon.
Several dozen people dressed entirely in black and wearing black bandanas and ski masks on their faces stood around the fringes of the gathering holding signs that read “Radicals for Science!” and “No cuts! Tax the rich!” as police officers looked on.
Across the country in Providence, Rhode Island, about the same number of people gathered at Burnside Park before a two-hour protest that touched on deportation, profiling and wage theft. The group followed a flatbed truck that stopped for speeches and booing in front of the sites such as the Federal Courthouse and City Hall.
In Los Angeles, dozens of pro-Trump protesters stood across from a large crowd of May Day marchers, waving American flags and blasting patriotic songs. The group left before any clashes or trouble emerged between the two sides.
A march toward downtown Chicago on May Day is taking up several city blocks, with organizers estimating an attendance of 20,000 people.
One of the participants is artist Brian Holmes, who says Monday’s demonstration is the latest step in fighting policies issued by President Donald Trump. Holmes says he has participated in several marches, including a rally Saturday to protest Trump’s agenda in rolling back environmental protections.
Many signs in the crowd call for an end to deportations. But advocates of several organizations are pushing for numerous causes, including workers’ rights, environmental justice and a higher minimum wage.
A handful of Trump supporters wearing baseball caps with his campaign slogan “Make America Great Again” are in attendance.
Activists and immigrant advocates are marking May Day with another day of action in the Phoenix area after a weekend of marches and rallies that called for support of immigration and labor rights.
Organizers for Promise Arizona met with legislators at Arizona’s capitol Monday to deliver postcards with messages of hope regarding International Workers’ Day.
The group will hold a phone bank event later Monday to urge legislators and members of Congress to support immigrant families.
Immigrant advocates say the events will bring attention to President Donald Trump’s crackdown on immigration during his first 100 days in office.
David Ayala-Zamora is the state field director for Promise Arizona. He says Trump is “terrorizing our communities” through his immigration policies.
Crowds have gathered in a park on Chicago’s West Side to call for immigrant and workers’ rights on May Day.
Among them is 28-year-old Brenda Burciaga, a U.S. citizen whose mother is set to be deported to Mexico soon.
She says her mother has lived and worked in the U.S. for about two decades. Burciaga says no matter what, immigrants deserve respect from President Donald Trump’s administration.
Activists from labor groups, anti-police brutality organizations and groups seeking a higher minimum wage rallied Monday before a march downtown.
The atmosphere was festive, with local rappers riffing about peace, drummers warming up the crowd and labor advocates giving speeches.
Several area businesses with immigrant ties closed for the day or allowed employees to participate without being penalized.
The park rally followed demonstrations citywide.
Police in California say they have arrested four activists who chained themselves together to block the entrance to the county administration building in downtown Oakland on May Day.
Police are threatening more arrests Monday at the Alameda County Administration Building as more than 100 protesters demand an end to what they call collaboration between county law enforcement and the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.
Organizers want the county to become a sanctuary for immigrants, workers and people of color targeted by law enforcement policies under President Donald Trump’s administration.
The protesters are beating a drum and chanting, “The people united will never be defeated” in English and Spanish.
The group also wants an end to the Urban Shield SWAT training exercises and a stop to a planned expansion of the county jail system.
With chants of “We are here to stay!” immigrants and labor leaders are marking International Workers’ Day with marches and rallies in the Boston area.
Some 200 people gathered in front of the Statehouse on Monday to call on state lawmakers and Republican Gov. Charlie Baker to designate Massachusetts a “sanctuary state.” The proposal would restrict state and local law enforcement officers from cooperating with federal immigration enforcement efforts.
Democratic state Sen. Jamie Eldridge is the bill sponsor and said it wasn’t enough for individual communities to become sanctuary cities because workers must cross city lines to get to and from jobs.
Activists plan to march later Monday to Chelsea City Hall for a rally.
May Day rallies are being held nationwide to oppose President Donald Trump’s immigration policies.
At least 200 people are protesting in New York City’s Washington Square Park ahead of a much larger demonstration to oppose President Donald Trump’s immigration policies.
The crowd on Monday listened to various speakers and performers who are focused on workers and immigrants. They’re carrying signs that say, “No person is illegal” and “We won’t tolerate Trump’s fascist policies.”
Brenda Enriquez says she’s participating in a protest for the first time because “Trump is threatening to kick us out.” The 27-year-old Queens resident is originally from Bolivia and lived in the U.S. illegally.
A coalition of immigrant rights groups, labor and religious leaders has organized what they’re calling a “massive” rally for 5 p.m. in Lower Manhattan.
Demonstrations are being held across the world to mark May Day.
Labor and immigrant rights groups along with some local elected officials are planning a march to the White House to oppose President Donald Trump’s immigration policies.
Groups around the country have a variety of demonstrations planned to mark May Day on Monday. In Washington, a march is planned Monday afternoon from Dupont Circle to the White House.
Some businesses in the area were closed Monday in support of the effort.
Salvador Zelaya owns a commercial construction company with offices in Washington and Alexandria, Virginia, and says he’s paying his workers to take a day off and attend the march to the White House. Zelaya says his 18 workers are spending the morning making banners.
About 1,000 Philadelphia school teachers are protesting as May Day demonstrations begin across the U.S.
The teachers began picketing Monday morning outside city schools, and rallies and marches are planned throughout the day. Many took sick days to protest. Supportive parents are picketing at some schools and are expected to march later.
The educators have been working nearly four years without a contract and nearly five without a pay raise. Schools are open and the district says it’s working with principals and the company that provides substitute teachers to ensure there will be no disruptions in the classrooms.
Immigrants and union members will participate in a series of strikes, boycotts and marches on Monday to mark International Workers’ Day and protest against President Donald Trump’s policies.
Immigrant and union groups will march in cities across the United States to mark May Day and protest against President Donald Trump’s efforts to boost deportations.
Tens of thousands of immigrants and their allies are expected to rally Monday in cities such as New York, Chicago, Seattle and Los Angeles. Demonstrations also are planned for dozens of smaller cities from Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, to Portland, Oregon.
In many places, activists are urging people to skip work, school and shopping to show the importance of immigrants in American communities.
Around the world, union members traditionally march on May 1 for workers’ rights. The day has become a rallying point for promoting illegal immigration in the U.S. since demonstrations were held in 2006 against a proposed immigration enforcement bill.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/the-latest-arrests-in-portland-oregon-may-day-riot/2017/05/01/a6f4556a-2ece-11e7-a335-fa0ae1940305_story.html?utm_term=.a54b4b024552
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DJ Leon Lamont
Venues Performed @
Num Num Nah Records
There Is No Such Thing As A One-Man-Show
One of the targeted misses of my 2012 “to do” list was to finish a one-man-show. The problem with putting together a one-man-show is that you need more than one man…and quite a few women to boot. After my live stage acting debut in New York in February of this year, I was inspired to write my own show. For the first time in a while…I had writer’s block and/or a tangle of ideas jumbling up in my brain. “Frustration” was the active word. Doing a live stage show is just like doing a movie…it all has to start with the script. Without my finished script I had nothing to pitch to producers, directors, stage managers, sound engineers, lighting engineers, venues, A/V people…in short…my possible future staff for the live production of my metamorphic script with an equally metamorphic title. In addition to this stress was finding an attorney and avenues for grant funds. Overwhelmed, I put my dreams of doing a one-man-show on the backburner.
I’m telling this story because recently a f…
Should You or Shouldn't You Join a DJ Crew?
Project Logic — LIVE @ Lupo's Heartbreak Hotel
The bottom link is to a bootleg live recording of DJ Logic’s Project Logic performing live in Providence, RI opening for Medeski, Martin & Wood in 1999.
I was sitting in my apartment in Brooklyn, NY, (fresh off the Staten Island Ferry returning from a recording session with Vernon Reid) when drummer, Scooter Warner called and asked me to finish the MMW/Project Logic tour.Scooter started the tour but had to leave quite suddenly.Rope-a-dope records flew me out unrehearsed straight into the next gig.
Normally, flying into the middle of a tour unrehearsed would be a nightmare, but I knew most of the material from recording some of the drums on DJ Logics debut album and the rest of the set was improvised.Hope you enjoy.
Leon Lamont
Project Logic - LIVE @ Lupo's Heartbreak Hotel
The Hopes and Threats of the 3D Printer
If you mention a 3D printer to the average person, they will probably imagine that you are talking about a comic book of sorts with a bunch of red and blue offset lines that come with a pair of glasses. They wouldn’t be totally wrong, but the thing we are talking about now is a controversial printer that can produce three-dimensional objects. It would be like having a tiny manufacturing plant inside your home. If you needed a wing nut, you could simple go to your computer and print one out. Sounds cool, sounds sci-fi, so how could the 3D printer be threatening?
In one word: guns. A 3D printer takes the threat of terrorism to whole new levels. Imagine if you will, your humble narrator booking a flight from St. Louis, MO to Brooklyn, NY. Before catching his plane, he sends design plans for parts of a Glock 19 to a 3D printer in Brooklyn. A person could be armed anywhere in the world without the hassle of being detected during travel. 3D printers and the possibility of the ave…
Does Today’s Pop Music Suck More Than Yesterday’s Pop Music?
Recently, a friend called to let me know that he was selling all of his DJ equipment. I joked, “Let me guess, new girlfriend?” My friend laughed, called me an asshole, and then confessed to having a new girlfriend but insisted that she had nothing to do with why he was selling his gear. “I can’t do it anymore, Leon. The music on the Pop charts now is terrible. How do you stand it?” I made it clear to him that I understood his feelings.Then he asked, “Do you think that the music is really that bad or we’re just getting old.I mean, our parents didn’t like our music and their parents didn’t like theirs.”
The big myth is that musical tastes divide because of generation gaps.Nothing can be further from the truth.People that love music keep their ears open until the day they die.Good music is good music.Time is irrelevant.A good Motown track moves a room full of people from ages 14 to 74.Why? People of all ages dance to Motown because a good song is timeless.To answer my friend’s ques…
Zombies Love Leon Lamont
Leon Lamont - Halo Bar - November 9, 2012
No Reward In Being Good
Most working artists have already heard the phrase “good isn’t good enough” a few dozen times and then some. I thought of the phrase when my musician friend complained about his lack of gigs and how inferior musicians were working more than he was. My friend scoffed, “those guys aren’t even good”. I smirked and said, “There’s no reward in being good. The club owner doesn’t care that you’ve been studying your instrument since you were five years old or that you studied music through high school and college. The club owner just cares about math. Your value is determined by how many people you can get through the club’s doors and if you can keep them there drinking until closing time.” No educated, well-rehearsed musician wants to hear that, but that’s the skinny. “Good enough with a large audience” is the sales pitch of the day. It’s not about sucking…it’s about drawing a crowd.
At the end of the day, you just have to get over yourself. An educated artist requires an educated…
iRig Mix Review
The iRig Mix is a mixer designed for people that want to DJ with an iPod or iPad. Thinking that you need a specific mixer to DJ with an iPad or iPhone is a silly idea. You can use any mixer to do this by simply buying a pair of Y-cables at your local electronics store. That being said, why would I bother to get an iRig Mix? Size.
I was disappointed with the weight and material used for the iRig Mix. I have old love letters that are heavier than this thing and for $100 (USD) they could have come up with some kind of metal casing instead of the flimsy plastic this is made of. A curious infant could probably pick this thing up and break it almost effortlessly. Maybe “light-weight” is part of their sales pitch, but I would rather have “sturdy” over “light” any day. For fear that it would be destroyed, when I took the mixer out for a gig run I encased it in a microphone case while traveling. To the plastic body of the iRig Mix I say, “Boooooooooooo!”
The iRig Mix sound…
Leon Lamont @ Halo. 10.12.12.
OS 6, and Djay app for iPhone
Days ago, I was prompted by my iPhone 4 to upgrade to OS6. I hesitated because Apple never gives without taking. As is the case with their hardware, when Apple makes a change to its software it’s always a case of “we’re giving you THIS, but you no longer have THAT”. The Apple team makes it really hard to be a hardcore fan of their products.
What do I think of OS 6? My iPhone 4 has been noticeably sluggish since the so-called upgrade. Most of the changes are either cosmetic or “only for iPhone 4S or iPhone 5”. Once again, Apple slaps customers in the face for not buying their most expensive products.
Such is also the case for the app Djay for iPhone. I found myself mildly excited to be informed that there were much needed changes and additions to the Djay software in its latest upgrade. That is…until I realized that I was excluded because I didn’t own the iPhone 4S or iPhone 5. New features like “pitch control” were just beyond my grasp because I didn’t spend an extra chu…
3 Ways to Save Money on Gas
For some strange reason, most people think that DJs don’t have to think about the same work related expenses that everyone else has…like gas. Even though I find the rumors of me making it to gigs on a flying unicorn fueled by hopes dreams humorous, these rumors are totally untrue.
My first choice for saving money on gas is walking. I don’t mean walking to the gigs, but walking to places that are near to your home. Do you really have to make it to the shop three blocks away that fast? You’re saving gas and improving your health both mentally and psychically by walking.
My favorite alternative to burning gas is my bicycle. Many of us forget how fun it is to ride a bike around the neighborhood. I can think of a dozen places off the top of my head that are too far to walk, but yet too close to waste gas driving to, this is the perfect situation for a bicycle. If you don’t have a bicycle, even purchasing the cheapest bicycle will be worth its weight in gold when it comes …
Download - "LomO - Don Maximo" here
The DJ and Dating in the Work Place
Some years ago, I ran into a fellow DJ friend and asked how work was going. He was embarrassed to inform me that he had lost his highest paying gig courtesy of his penis. The job lost was a club residency, which meant steady income. Feeling at the top of his game and quite invincible, my friend saw no harm in starting a physical relationship with one of the servers that worked at the venue. There was really no need for him to finish his story at this point because I knew there were but a few variations that could get him to the ending of “now I have no job”. I mean, how could my friend have possibly known that the server was also in a physical relationship with the manager that signed his checks?
My friend’s story wasn’t in the least bit surprising because I had lectured him about this “bad habit” years beforehand. I couldn’t resist asking him if the sex was worth the thousands of dollars in yearly income he lost. His answer was a deadpan “no”. And thus we find our hero standin…
Privatize Your Dreams
Nobody can put down your dreams and ideas if you don't tell them what your dreams and ideas are.
Moving To Move Up In Music
A friend recently asked me my advice about moving from his hometown in the Midwest to a bigger city like New York or Los Angeles to give himself a better chance at being a successful musician. I paused for a moment and then responded, “That’s kind of a loaded question. It’s like asking two millionaires how they became wealthy; neither one is going to tell you they did it the exact same way”. As expected, the friend threw the line in my face, “But isn’t that what you did?” My answer was “Yes and no”.
Moving to where the action is doesn’t always guarantee that you will be able to be a part of said action. You have to know the right people that can help you out and have solid work options, a place to stay. All of these things sound simple in theory, but can become so overwhelming in their absence that you find yourself doing everything but what you moved to a new, exciting city to do. Instead of writing music and doing gigs, you find yourself waiting tables and stressing out about…
djleonlamont
Does Today’s Pop Music Suck More Than Yesterday’s ...
Scratch Live
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It's official - Meghan Markle is pregnant!
Duchess Meghan Markle and Prince Harry are expecting their first child.
Kensington Palace announced the news on Twitter early Monday.
Markle is about 12 weeks pregnant, according to the palace, and is due in the spring.
"Their Royal Highnesses The Duke and Duchess of Sussex are very pleased to announce that The Duchess of Sussex is expecting a baby in the Spring of 2019," the message reads.
The couple, officially the Duke and Duchess of Sussex, is currently on a 16-day tour of Australia and New Zealand, with their arriving in Sydney, holding hands, over the weekend.
The couple is also scheduled to make stops in Fiji and the Kingdom of Tonga. The palace said it is not making any changes to the schedule which includes over 70 planned events.
Markle's mother, Doria Ragland, says she is excited about the news and looking forward to welcoming her first grandchild, according to a conference call with palace officials.
There was no comment on whether Markle's father, Thomas, who did not attend the couple's wedding on May 19, was told of the pregnancy.
The couple shared the news with family and friends at the wedding of Harry’s cousin, Princess Eugenie, on Friday, where his family -- Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip, father Prince Charles, Prince William and Princess Kate -- were all in attendance.
Their child will be seventh in line to the throne after Prince Charles, Prince William, Prince George, Princess Charlotte, Prince Louis and Prince Harry, but not officially a prince or princess.
“This baby will actually not be a prince or a princess or an HRH – His or Her Royal Highness - unless the queen steps in and decides to offer those titles, at which point it will be up to Harry and Meghan to decide if that’s what they want for their children," ABC News contributor Victoria Murphy said.
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Davidians - City Trends 12"/ Sorry State Records New Stuff
Black Vinyl - £12.00
After two 7”s (one on Deranged and one on Sorry State), Raleigh, North Carolina's Davidians deliver their first 12” record. Realizing the sound hinted at on their previous two-song single, City Trends combines elements of art-punk and hardcore into one of the freshest and most distinctive sounds in contemporary punk. While Davidians pick up on various threads in punk’s 40-year history—the pulse and heaviness of 90s noise rock, the quirky rhythms of Wire's branch of post-punk’s family tree, the brooding atmosphere of goth, and the velocity and concision of early 80s US hardcore—these elements are fully digested, growing organically out of the sound of four people of varying ages and backgrounds playing in a room together. Rather than just referencing other parts of my record collection, for me listening to City Trends reminds me of a time of discovery, when every new band I found was a universe unto themselves ripe for exploring. With this record, the RIYL is rendered obsolete… you either like Davidians, or you don’t. But if you like smart, dense, and original punk rock then I’m pretty sure you’re going to like it a lot.
City Trends by Davidians
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Grocery Delivery By Amazon In UK Reaching More Consumers
Ever since Amazon decided to launch its delivery service of fresh food in the United Kingdom, many consumers are calling for their locations to be included in the list. It took quite a while before new cities were added because logistics companies such as Tecdis Network have a different set of clients and different scope of services.
According to Amazon’s recent announcement, the new cities covered by their fresh food delivery are Liverpool, Glasgow and Newcastle. Also included on the list are Portsmouth and Sheffield although there are still additional cities that are unspecified as of writing. The company said that the latter locations will be able to accept deliveries online before the end of this year.
This is a smart move coming from Amazon as it tries to penetrate the grocery market of the United Kingdom which is notorious to be very competitive. This is also a strategic move taken by retail company Morrisons after deciding to create a partnership with Amazon. Through the partnership, Morrisons can now post their products directly to the Amazon website where it will be available to Prime Now customers both through the website and the mobile application.
Morrisons is currently part of the top four supermarket chains in the United Kingdom but it is the smallest of the four. This is mainly due in part to the neglect of the company when it comes to its online services. In the past few years, the retail chain has developed partnership with Ocado which is an online-only retailer to handle the logistics side of the company. The contract was supposed to last for 25 years yet both parties agreed to separate ways at the beginning of 2019.
The original deal between Amazon and Morrisons is that the latter will provide as a supplier to the former. Since the new deal, Morrisons is now able to access the logistics operation of the tech giant. This news is good for logistics in the UK including Tecdis Network as it strengthens the business partnerships between companies from different countries through logistics services.
Amazon, Business, Economy, Marketing, Service, Tips
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19-year old man killed in rollover crash on Detroit's west side
Posted Nov 11 2018 07:33PM EST
Video Posted Nov 11 2018 07:32PM EST
Image Gallery 5 PHOTOS
DETROIT (WJBK) - A man is dead after a rollover crash on Detroit’s west side Sunday afternoon.
Robin Hawthorne says the person killed was her 19-year-old great nephew Deontae Hawthorne.
The incident happened around 12:15 Sunday at the corner of Santa Clara and Kentucky, right off Wyoming. Police say the victim was speeding in a stolen Jeep Wrangler, and that the driver hit a parked Chevy then flipped over, being ejected from the vehicle.
Witnesses say police were chasing the Jeep but authorities are not confirming that, only saying that DPD will be launching an internal investigation.
“I want to talk with Chief Craig about the situation, it's something not right about this picture,” Robin Hawthorne said.
Police have confirmed that no one else was in the car and that no one else was hurt, but the lack of information has Robin Hawthorne angry and frustrated.
“I need you to get on this case, I need the badges, I want you to get every one of your men badges, find out what happened to my nephew.
Preliminary information from this incident indicated that this was not a high speed chase, but an internal investigation will be launched with Detroit Police.
Authorities in Northern Michigan say they have found a 2-year-old girl who wandered away as her family was preparing to leave a woodland campsite in northern Michigan.
State police say Gabriella Roselynn Vitale was reported missing from the campsite in Oscoda County about 8:15 a.m. Monday and her pink coat was found a few hundred yards from where she was last seen. Police dogs and a helicopter have been taking part in the search for Gabriella, which resumed Tuesday morning.
Around 11:40 Tuesday, MSP Northern Michigan tweeted that Gabriella had been found alive and promised more details to come.
The Oakland County Sheriff's Office confirms a man's body was recovered from a lake in Addison Township Tuesday morning.
The man in his 30s was last seen kayaking around 12:45 a.m. in Lakeville Lake in Addison Township. It's not clear why he was out on the water at that hour, and authorities aren't sure how he ended up in the water.
The body was recovered just before 9:30 a.m. Tuesday.
Owner of car pulled from Lake St. Clair at Grosse Pointe's Pier Park is federal felon
Novi's Madison Electric employee celebrates 60 years working there
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You are here:Home/Entradas/Institutional information/Welcome/PHYSICIAN SAINTS OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
PHYSICIAN SAINTS OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
Author: Richard A. Watson, M.D., Past President of the Catholic Medical Association (USA)
When we think of “Doctors of the Church”, our first inclination might understandably be to think in terms of theological doctors of our Church, ranging from Saint Thomas Aquinas to Saint Peter Damien to Saint Thérèse of the Child Jesus. Nevertheless, it should be noted that we, too, as Catholic physicians, are also each serving, albeit in a much less elevated mode, as “Doctors in the Church.” In this light, it might prove helpful to reflect on the lives of those who have gone before us, achieving recognition for their extraordinary sanctity, as canonized Physician Saints of the Catholic Church. To draw from their meritorious example, and to invite prayerfully their intercession, should be much to our advantage, in the working out of our own salvation. To the advancement of this objective, the following roster of Physician Saints is offered.
CHRIST THE DIVINE PHYSICIAN – “CHRISTUS MEDICUS”
Our Lord, Jesus Christ, in the Theology of the Blessed Sacrament, is, at one and the same time, both the High Priest of God and His Perfect Sacrificial Victim. Paralleling the duality of this Divine Mystery, in the Theology of Healing, Christ serves as our perfect model, again in a dual role: He is both the Divine Physician (“Christus Medicus”) and, at the same time, the archetype of the suffering patient (“Christus Patiens”). Meditation on these two reciprocal roles of Christ, central to the Christian perspective of the Healing Art, would serve us well, as prayerful Catholic physicians and caregivers.
Jesus Christ, our Lord and Savior, is the Divine Physician and Healer — our first, best and only requisite intercessor. At our 1998 dual Convention of the Catholic Medical Association (CMA) and of the World Federation of Catholic Medical Associations (FIAMC) in New York City, two of the outstanding speakers who presented before that international gathering of Catholic physicians — Father Benedict Groeschel and Doctor Edmund Pellegrino – were both moved to focus on the topic of Christ the Physician – “Christus Medicus.” More recently, Archbishop Lozano Barragan has also brought attention to this special role for Jesus in our professional lives in his presentation at the FIAMC meeting in Rome in the Spring of 2000. Bishop Lozano reminds us, “The Catholic identity of the medical doctor is to be the transmittance of the Healing Christ.” (Bishop Lozano’s address is available at the FIAMC WebSite [see “References” below])
Archangel and Patron of Physicians
Feast day: September 29
Saint Raphael is one of seven Archangels who stand before the throne of the Lord. Raphael’s name means «God Heals Us.» In the Old Testament (Tobit 11:10-15, 6:7-9,and 3:17), it was Raphael who taught Tobiah how to cure his father’s blindness, after the ministrations of several physicians had succeeded only in making the affliction worse (Tobit 2:10). Raphael is the angel who moved the waters of healing at the sheep-pool (John 5:1-4). Saint Raphael is the patron of the blind, of happy meetings, of travelers, and of nurses, as well as of physicians.
SAINT LUKE
Pro-Life Physician and Evangelist
Feast day: 18 October
Saint Luke, the Evangelist, was a Greek doctor; he was called «Our Beloved Luke, the Physician» by the peripatetic Saint Paul of Tarsus (Col. 4:14). Evidence of Saint Luke’s medical background is peppered throughout his gospel. For example, when the other two synoptic evangelists recorded Christ’s warning that a rich man will have no more ease passing through the gates of heaven than would a camel passing through the eye of a needle, they use the household term for a woman’s sewing needle. Saint Luke, on the other hand, uses the Greek word for a surgeon’s suturing needle. At another point, in telling the story of the woman who suffered from hemorrhage, Saint Luke – keenly aware of the mercenary pitfalls of our profession — adds the sardonic observation that the woman had already spent all of her money seeking the advice of many physicians, and yet had been helped by not a one of them (Luke 8:43-48 vs Matthew 9:20-22) Luke alone of the evangelists recounts Christ’s stunning allegory of compassion and selflessness in the context of providing healing care for the helpless, the injured and afflicted — the Parable of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10:29-37)
An inherently pro-life physician, Luke uses the same Greek word for «baby», whether writing about a baby in the womb or about a babe in the manger. And it is he who recounts how Saint John the Baptist, while still in the womb of Saint Elizabeth, leapt for joy at the approach of Jesus, unborn but very much alive, within the womb of his Virgin Mother (Luke 1:39-45). Finally, it is within the Gospel of Saint Luke, that Jesus makes his only reference to us practitioners of medicine: «Physician, heal thyself!» (Luke 4:23).
+ Prayer to Saint Luke +
Most charming and saintly Physician, you were animated by the heavenly Spirit of love. In faithfully detailing the humanity of Jesus, you also showed his divinity and his genuine compassion for all human beings. Inspire our physicians with your professionalism and with the divine compassion for their patients. Enable them to cure the ills of both body and spirit that afflict so many in our day. Amen.
SAINT URSICINUS
Physician/Martyr
Feast day: June 19
d. circa 67
Saint Ursicinus, a physician in Ravenna, was condemned for being a Christian during the persecution of Emperor Nero. His faith began to waver, but he found new strength through the encouragement of Saint Vitalis and met his death with resolve.2
SAINT ALEXANDER
Physician/Martyr of Lyons
Feast day: June 2
d. 177
Saint Alexander was born in Phrygia, but praticed medicine in Gaul, where he converted to Christianity. “Well known for his love of God and his boldness in spreading the Gospel,”4 he was arrested during the persecutions conducted by Emperor Marcus Aurelius. Alexander was caught encouraging fellow Christians, who had been condemned to death, to remain steadfast under torture. With forty-seven other Christians, Alexander was himself then tortured and executed, as one of the Martyrs of Lyons and Vienne.,
SAINT THALELAEUS
Merciful physician and martyr
Feast day: May 20
Saint Thalelaeus, a physician, was martyred with Saints Alexander, Asterius and companions. The son of a Roman general, he earned the epithet, «the Merciful One,» owing to his charitable service to the poor and sick in the town of Anazarbus, in Cilicia (Asia Minor). He was martyred at Aegae, in Cilicia, by beheading after drowning failed to kill him.1
SAINT PANTALEON
Physician Wonder-Worker
(also known as Panteleemon, Panteleimon)
Feast Day: July 27
d. circa 300
Saint Pantaleon is one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers, known for their efficacious response to prayer, who are especially venerated in France and Germany. Pantaleon’s name in Greek, means «the all-compassionate one.» It is said that he was a doctor of such skill that Emperor Maximian, a great persecutor of Christians, employed Pantaleon as his court physician. Pantaleon had been raised as a Christian, but in the fanatically anti-Christian and dissolute court of Maximian, he lost his faith and nearly his soul with his self-indulgent lifestyle.
In time, however, a fellow-Christian restored the Saint Pantaleon to the faith he had abandoned. From that time Pantaleon’s skills were at the disposal of the poor. The wealth he had gained from his successful practice he gave away. Other physicians, jealous of his position at court, saw Pantaleon’s renewed faith as an opportunity for discrediting him. When the persecution of Christians under Emperor Diocletian broke out in Nicomedia in 303, Pantaleon this time refused to reject the faith; instead he chose death. Vain attempts were made to put him to death in six different ways–including drowning, fire, and wild beasts–before he was successfully beheaded amidst a halo of other marvels.
A reputed relic of Pantaleon’s blood, kept at Ravello in southern Italy, displays the phenomenon of liquefaction on his feast day, similar to that of Saint Januarius. Saint Pantaleon has made the news recently, when his relics, on loan from Greece, were placed on display near what had until recently been the site of Lenin’s tomb. People were queuing up for hours, and youth, in particular, flocked to view the Saint’s relics. Russian media are calling the response phenomenal.
In art, Saint Pantaleon is a physician holding a phial of medicine. At times he may be depicted healing a sick child or bound with hands above his head to an olive tree, to which he is nailed. Together with Saint Raphael, Saints Cosmas and Damian, and Saint Luke, Pantaleon is a patron of the medical profession. He is invoked against tuberculosis and other lung diseases, and he is also patron of bachelors and of victims of torture (not that these two latter conditions are necessarily related). ,
SAINTS COSMAS AND DAMIAN
Twin doctors who never charged a fee!
Date: circa 300
These two saints are venerated in the East as the «moneyless ones,» because they practiced medicine without ever charging their patients a fee. These twin brothers were born in Arabia and studied medicine in Syria. They practiced medicine on the coast of Cilicia in what is now Turkey, with remarkable generosity and outspoken zeal for their Christian faith. Their widespread reputation proved their undoing, when a persecution against Christians broke out. They were quickly arrested, tortured horribly, and beheaded, along with three of their other brothers. Many miraculous healings have since been attributed to their intervention. Saints Cosmas and Damian are considered Patrons of physicians and surgeons, as well as of pharmacists. They, along with Saint Luke, are the three physician saints cited in the canon of the Mass.
SAINTS CYRUS AND JOHN
Martyrs from Arabia and Alexandria
Feast day: January 31
Saint Cyrus was an Alexandrian doctor who used his calling to convert many of his patients to Christianity. He joined an Arabian physician named John in encouraging Athanasia and her three daughters to remain constant in their faith under torture at Canopus, Egypt. They, in turn, were both seized and tortured, and then all six were beheaded.3
SAINT ZENOBIUS
Physician martyred with his sister.
Feast day: October 30
Saint Zenobius was a priest and physician from the town of Aegae, in Asia Minor (modern Turkey), who practiced in Sidon (Palestine). He was tortured to death on the rack, in the city of Antioch, during the persecutions of Diocletian. Zenobia, his sister, was martyred with him.3,
SAINT DIOMEDES
Physician from Tarsus
Feast day: August 16
A martyr of Nicaea, in Bythinia, Saint Diomedes was originally a physician in Tarsus, in Cilicia. Saint Diomedes was a fervent preacher of the faith. 5
SAINT CAESARIUS OF NAZIANZUS
Sainthood ran in his family
Feast day: February 25
Brother of St. Gregory Nazianzus and son of St. Gregory the Elder, Saint Caesarius studied medicine and philosophy at Alexandria, Egypt, and in Constantinople. Famous as a physician, Caesarius was appointed to the court of Emperor Julian the Apostate, who tried repeatedly to get him to renounce the Christian faith. Caesarius was then only a catechumen, a Christian in training, but he resigned from the court rather than deny Christ. He later served Emperor Jovian as physician and was the treasurer for Emperor Valens.5
SAINT SAMSON
Physician/Priest and Father of the Poor
Also called Samson Xenodochius «the Hospitable,» this latter day Samson was noted not for his physical prowess, but rather for the heroic strength of his character and his compassion. Saint Samson was a doctor renowned for his selfless charity. A physician in Constantinople (modern Istanbul), he went on to become a priest, in order to tend to both the physical and spiritual welfare of his patients. Samson founded a well-known hospital near the Hagia Sophia, in Constantinople. He was revered as «Father of the Poor.»
SAINT EMILIAN
Physician martyred with his cousin
Feast day: December 6
Saint Emilian, a physician in Northern Africa, was flayed alive, along with Saint Tertius, for refusing to convert to the Arian heresy. His cousin, Saint Dionysia, and her son, Saint Majoricus, had already been tortured and burned at the stake.
SAINT WILLIAM FIRMATUS
Physician and Environmentalist
Feast day: April 24
Hermit and pilgrim, physician and canon at Saint-Venance in France, Saint William beheld a vision that prompted him to give away all of his considerable possessions to the poor. He spent the rest of his life on pilgrimages and residing as a hermit. William had a close relationship with nature and was honored by wild animals.2
SAINT PHILIP BENIZI
Student of Galen and Servant of Mary
Feast Day: 23 August
Saint Philip was born in Florence, the answer to prayers of a couple long-married and childless. He undertook the study of medicine, beginning at age 13, in Paris. It is said that his study of the ancient teachings of Galen, though a pagan, spurred him strongly to raise his heart from the contemplation of nature to the worship of its Author. Having completed his studies for a doctorate in medicine and philosophy in Padua by age 19, he took up the profession of medicine in his native Florence. From his first year of practice, Saint Philip combined his commitment to medicine with a fervent devotion to the Holy Bible, and to contemplation of the crucifix – his “textbook” of Faith. Saint Philip was moved to join the newly formed Servites – the Order of the Servants of Mary — as a humble brother, gardener and common laborer. However, his eloquence and spiritual insights soon led his superiors to direct him to Holy Orders. He played an important leadership role in the early formation of the Servite Order and of the Third Order of the Servants of Mary. He was respected as a persuasive peacemaker during these chaotic times in the history of Italy, and as an advisor to Popes. And yet he remained faithful to the austere simplicities of his Order. He died at the hour of the Angelus on the Feast of the Assumption, 1285.
SAINT ANTONY MARY ZACARRIA
A physician saint named Mary
Feast Day: July 5
Saint Antony studied medicine at Padua and returned home to Cremona to practice. He soon learned that his vocation was to heal the souls of men, as well as their bodies. And he took up the study of theology, meanwhile continuing in his profession of medicine, offering spiritual help to the dying and being at the service of all. Ultimately, he was ordained a priest, and became the founder of the Clerks Regular of Saint Paul. His medical training again proved useful in bringing aid to those suffering when a plague afflicted Milan.
SAINT FRANCIS OF NAGASAKI AND/OR SAINT CAIUS FRANCIS
Physician Martyr of Nagasaki
Feast day: February 5
Francis was a native Japanese from Miyako. He became a physician and later was converted to Catholicism by the Franciscan missionaries there. He became a Franciscan tertiary, served as a catechist, and was one of the twenty-six Catholics crucified for their Faith near Nagasaki on February 5, 1597, during a bloody persecution of Christians. He is also known as Francis of Miyako. These saints were all canonized as the “Martyrs of Japan” in 1862.3
(According to Butler’s Lives of the Saints, it was Saint Caius Francis, who was a native-born Japanese physician; while Saint Francis Miyako, a companion martyr, was a native of Korea, but not a physician. However, Katherine I. Rabenstein avers that Francis of Miyako (of Nagasaki), OFM Tert., was a Japanese physician from Miyako, who later in life was converted to Catholicism by the Franciscan missionaries in Japan and became a tertiary and lay catechist.)
SAINT MARTIN DE PORRES
Mirabile dictu – a humble surgeon!
Feast Day: November 5
The life of Saint Martin de Porres is celebrated throughout the universal church for the example it provides of selfless humility, of kindness and of generosity to the poorest of men and to the least of God’s creatures, and of simple, unwavering faith in the Lord.
A mulatto, born out of wedlock, in Lima, Peru, Saint Martin was the illegitimate son of a Spanish knight and a freed slave from Panama. He was raised the victim of poverty and, as a “half-caste,” he was often the object of social contempt. At age twelve, he was apprenticed to a local barber. In those days, the barber, besides performing haircuts, was also expected to be skilled in blood-letting, minor surgery and dentistry. Saint Martin’s surgical and tonsorial skills, as well as his great love for the Lord in the person of the poor, soon brought many to seek his care. Throughout his subsequent life as a Dominican lay-brother, Saint Martin maintained his commitment to medicine and surgery. He ran an infirmary, and was instrumental in founding a foundling hospital. He remained attentive to healing of men’s bodies, as well as of their souls. Many extraordinary miracles are attributed to this humble, little, ‘half-caste’ lay-brother, whose symbols remain the broom and the cross.,
SAINT ANTHONY MARY ZACCARIA
A physician/saint named Mary
Saint Anthony studied medicine at Padua and returned home to Cremona to practice. He soon learned that his vocation was to heal the souls of men, as well as their bodies. And he took up the study of theology, meanwhile continuing in his profession of medicine, giving spiritual help to the dying and being at the service of all. Ultimately, he was ordained a priest, and became the founder of the Clerks Regular of Saint Paul – the Barnabites. His medical training again proved useful in bringing aid to those suffering when the plague afflicted Milan.
SAINT RENE GOUPIL
Surgeon, Saint, and Proto-martyr of North America; Patron Saint of Anesthesiologists
Feast day: 26 September
Rene Goupil, surgeon and martyr, is one of the least known of those who might be considered physician saints. And yet he is the proto-martyr for all of the North American continent.
Of the North American martyrs, best known are the Jesuit Fathers, Saints Isaac Jogues and John de Brebeuf. Among their ‘companions,’ who suffered with them severely for their Catholic faith, and the first to suffer the ultimate sacrifice of life itself, was a Catholic layman, named Rene Goupil.
«This Rene Goupil was a remarkable man. He had tried hard to become a Jesuit and had even entered the novitiate, but his health forced him to give up the attempt. He then studied surgery and found his way to Canada, where he offered his services to the missionaries, whose fortitude he emulated…
In 1642, the Huron country was in great distress; harvests were poor, sickness abounded, and clothing was scarce. Quebec was the only source of supplies, and Jogues was chosen to lead the expedition. It reached its objective safely and started back, well supplied with goods for the mission, but the Iroquois, the bitter enemies of the Hurons, and the fiercest of all Indian tribes, were on the warpath and ambushed the returning expedition. The story of the ill-treatment and torture of the captives cannot here be told in detail. Suffice it to say that Jogues and his assistant Rene Goupil, besides being beaten to the ground and assailed several times with knotted sticks and fists, had their hair, beards and nails torn off and their forefingers bitten through. What grieved them far more was the cruelty practiced on their Christian converts. The first of all the martyrs to suffer death was Goupil, who was tomahawked on September 29, 1642, for having made the sign of the cross over the brow of children.» ,
SAINT NIELS STEENSEN
Physician Saint Extraordinaire, truly a genius – He did all things well.
Feast day: 25 November
Niels Steensen is better known among historians of medicine and the natural sciences by the Latin translation of his name: “Nicolaus Steno.” This intellectually brilliant and spiritually devout physician proved the master of every field to which he turned his agile mind. A titan in both the worlds of Science and of Faith, his life should be a source of deep inspiration to physicians of this and every age.
Born a Lutheran in Denmark, Saint Niels’ cosmopolitan life rendered him a citizen of all Europe, an icon of the seventeenth century. He first studied medicine at the University of Copenhagen under the renowned Professor Thomas Bartholin. His studies were interrupted by serial sweeps of the plague through Denmark, and a call to man the walls of Copenhagen against a siege by the Swedes. Saint Niels completed his medical education with extraordinary recognition at the University of Leyden.
He was fluent, not only in his native Danish, but also in Latin, German, French and Italian, and he was conversant in Greek and Hebrew. He turned his genius to anatomical dissection, and discovered the salivary duct which today still bears his name, proved that the heart was essentially a muscular organ (refuting Galen), and described the Tetralogy of Fallot two hundred years before Fallot did. He turned to philosophy and debated the great philosphers Leibniz and Spinoza. He turned his sharp eye to anatomical dissection and, intrigued by his findings on the dissection of a shark’s head, arrived at conclusions which have marked him as the Father of Paleontology. His insights led to his being recognized as a great light in the fields of Geometry and Crystallography also. A product of the Baroque era, Nicolaus Steno was nevertheless a quintessential “Renaissance” physician.
Saint Niels converted to the Roman Catholic faith, paying a great price for doing so among his countrymen and among many contemporary scientists. However, Saint Niels saw his commitment to the Faith, not as a refutation, but rather as the culmination of his intellectual journey.
Pulchra sunt, quae videntur
(Beautiful are the things we see)
pulchriora quae sciuntur
(More beautiful are those things which we comprehend)
longe pulcherrima quae ignorantur
(By far most beautiful are those things which extend beyond our comprehension).
And Saint Niels addressed his commitment to faith with all the energy, brilliancy, insight and dedication which had characterized his former, scientific endeavors. He became not only a Catholic, but a Catholic priest; and not only a Catholic priest, but a Catholic bishop! First appointed Bishop of Hanover, Germany, he went on to become suffragan bishop of Münster. In these roles, he did much to uphold the Catholic Faith and to strengthen the resolve of the faithful. He did much, too, to reform the practice of the priesthood and to encourage vocations.
He compared his role as a priest with his role as a physician: A doctor must be familiar specifically with each of his patients as an individual, if he is to cure the illness. As there is an almost endless profusion of illnesses and medications, one must selectively prescribe one medicine for one patient, and another for another. In some cases, one must apply the knife or even fire. In the same way, spiritual illnesses are numberless, and the same remedy will not cure all. When, therefore, a priest would discharge his task, as a doctor of the soul, he must know each one’s spiritual illness as thoroughly as possible, as regards the symptoms, the causes and their corresponding remedies. We have a pattern in Christ, who is come to heal the sick, and actually heals each one of us in different ways.
(Niels Steensen’s words are even more remarkable when it is remembered that they were written 300 years ago, when the science of psychology was still undiscovered.)
SAINT ANTHONY NAM-QUYNH
Physician and Cathechist
Feast Day: November 24
Saint Anthony was a physician in Vietnam, who also served as a catechist for the Faith. In 1838, he was arrested and kept in prison for two years, then strangled. He was canonized in 1988. 5
SAINT JOSEPH CANH
Martyr of Indochina
Feast Day: 11 July
d. June 1840
Blessed Joseph Canh, a physician, was among those imprisoned, subjected to hideous, prolonged torture and finally executed, under the persecution of the Annamite sovereign, Minh-Mang. Saint Joseph’s torture and death took place within Southeast Asia in a region which is now part of Vietnam. While in prison Doctor Canh and his fellow Christians converted many of those imprisoned with them. Dominican friars, tertiaries and others closely associated with the Order of Preachers were prominent among the large number of faithful who suffered martyrdom during the violent persecution of Christians in Indochina from 1836 to 1841.
SAINT JOSEPH MOSCATI
The Holy Doctor of Naples – Medical School Professor who became a Saint
Born at Benevento, Italy, 1880, Giuseppe Moscati, a lifelong bachelor, became a respected physician, researcher, educator, and administrator. He served as Director of the Pathological Anatomy Institute in Naples and reinvigorated the reputation of that organization. He also served as the Head Physician for the Hospital for Incurables in Naples.
Doctor Moscati played an important role in the evacuation of mass-casualties during an eruption of Mount Vesuvius. Also he was charged with the care of some 3000 wounded soldiers in a military hospital during World War I.
This physician’s generosity to impoverished patients was legendary. He was a role model for the students of medicine who learned from his example, as well as from his word. Here is a doctor who sometimes actually paid his patients! The story is told of how Doctor Moscati, on more than one occasion, on completing a house-call to the bedside of an impoverished patient, would secretly place a small gift of money under the patient’s pillow, to help with payment for medications and food.
Saint Joseph Moscati, like his fellow physician saints – Saints Luke and Pantaleon – is considered a patron saint of bachelors. Like his fellow physician saint – Saint Rene Goupil – he is also considered a patron of those rejected by religious orders.
Giuseppe Moscati died suddenly, while between patient-appointments, at the age of 46, in Naples, 12 April 1927. Pope John Paul II, on the occasion of Doctor Moscati’s canonization, said of him. “The man that today we invoke as a Saint of the Universal Church, presents us with a concrete realization of the Lay Christian ideal. Joseph Moscati, an executive physician, a great researcher, a university teacher of human physiology and of physiological chemistry, lived out his life of many tasks with all the will and seriousness that these intricate lay professions require. From this viewpoint, Doctor Moscati is not only an example to be admired, but, most of all, to be imitated by Christian physicians. He is an example, too, to those physicians who do not share his faith…”
«Sick people are Jesus Christ’s creatures. Many wicked people, criminals, and false-swearers find themselves in a hospital by God’s mercy. God wants them to be saved! Nuns, doctors and nurses that work in a hospital have a mission: cooperating with God’s endless mercy, helping, forgiving and sacrificing themselves.» (written by Saint Joseph Moscati, Jan. 17th, 1922.)
SAINT RICHARD PAMPURI, O.H.
Short, but action-packed life — physician, military medic, dental officer, religious and victim of tuberculosis
Feast day: 1 May
Born Erminio Pampuri in Northern Italy in 1897, Saint Richard Pampuri, the tenth of eleven children, was orphaned at a young age and raised by his kindly physician uncle. As a youth, he was a member both of the Third Order of Saint Francis and of the Saint Vincent dePaul Society. His medical studies were interrupted by military service in World War I, during which he served as a military medic – a Second Lieutenant in the Army Medical Corps. His military service was marked by his compassion for the many badly wounded soldiers and his revulsion at warfare. “What a stupid waste of human life; so many wounded; so many broken bodies!” It was during his service on the front that Saint Richard contracted the tuberculous pleurisy that would lead to his own painful and premature demise. Returning at war’s end to the University of Pavia, he completed his studies, graduating at the top of his class in medicine and surgery. A physician known throughout the province of Milan for his generosity and kindness, Doctor Pampuri ultimately experienced an irresistible attraction to the religious life. He was received into the Hospitallers of Saint John of God (the Fatebenefratelli), and took the name of “Riccardo” – “Brother Richard.” He was placed in charge of a dental clinic for the poor, where once again Doctor Pampuri showed exemplary compassion and selflessness. Mothers brought their babies to be touched and blessed by him. In less than three years, recrudescence of his lung infection led to a painful death at the age of 32. Saintly no less in his dying than in life, Saint Richard was canonized by Pope John Paul II in 1989.15
Most recently, a priest of the Movement for Communion and Liberation is undertaking the construction of a chapel, adjacent to the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, dedicated to Saint Richard Pampuri. “..Because I was miraculously saved by him, and I want him to protect this enormous hospital, so he can answer those who, like I did, call on him in the certainty that he will respond.”
Doctor Pampuri explained to his sister, a missionary nun in Egypt, “I always see Jesus in my patients, so it is He for whom I care, comforting Him who suffered and died to expiate our sins.”
SAINT GIANNA BERETTA MOLLA
Pediatrician, mother and saint
Feast day: 28 April
Died: 28 April 1962
Canonized: 16 May 2004
Saint Gianna Beretta Molla, a physician and pediatrician, was herself the mother of four. She rejected a recommendation to undergo a ‘therapeutic’ abortion late in the pregnancy of her fourth child, and died postpartum of peritoneal sepsis. In this sense, Doctor Molla is a pro-life martyr of maternal love. She had a special devotion during medical school in Italy to Our Lady of Desperate Cases.
Saint Gianna provides an exceptional model for us Catholic physicians, in that
she is the first woman physician to be beatified by the Church,
while many other physician saints have achieved their sanctity outside the field of medicine, proceeding on, without spouse or child, to become a priest, missionary, martyr, bishop or even an evangelist, Blessed Gianna discovered opportunities to achieve holiness within the everyday practice of medicine and of family life,
she attained her sanctity within dual roles, both as dedicated physician and as a terminally-ill patient in extraordinary pain,
she joined the role of physician to those of wife and mother, and
recognizing her professional and moral commitment to pro-life principles, Blessed Gianna was ready to risk sacrificing her own life in order to spare that of her unborn child.
Saint Gianna advises us, «I have always been taught that the secret of happiness is living moment by moment and thanking God for everything that in His goodness He sends us, day after day.»,,
SAINT GUNTRAMNUS
Patron Saint of Malpractice Litigation?
Feast Day: March 28
As a cautionary reflection, lest this review of physician saints lead us to an unseemly inflation of our self-esteem, I offer the history of Saint Guntramnus, King of Burgundy, 561-592. This medieval patient-advocate reportedly executed those physicians who failed to meet expectations regarding the medical treatment of his wife.
SAINT PETER APOSTLE
Patron Saint of Urologists?
And finally, as a urologist, I would be remiss not to mention Saint Peter the Apostle. This Prince of the Apostles has been pictured in medieval art as a uroscopist. It was he whom the Lord chose to walk, albeit falteringly, over the waters. And Peter’s name itself means (kidney?) stone.
BLESSED ARE THEY…
The following physicians have been recognized for the sanctity of their lives and their example, through the process of beatification. At least one confirmed miracle has been attributed to their intercession. They are honored with the title, “Blessed.”
BLESSED LADISLAO BATTHYÁNY-STRATTMANN
Ophthalmologist, Military Surgeon, Prince, Father of 13 Children.
– Ladislaus Batthyány-Strattmann
– László Batthyány-Strattmann
Memorial Day: 22 January
d. 22 January 1931 at Vienna, Austria of bladder cancer
Born into an ancient noble Hungarian family, the sixth of ten brothers. His
family moved to Austria when he was six years old, and his mother died when
he was twelve. He studied medicine at the University of Vienna, graduating with a medical degree in 1900. On 10 November 1898 he married Countess Maria Teresa Coreth, a pious woman, and the couple had thirteen children; the whole family attended Mass and prayed the Rosary every day.
In 1902 Ladislaus opened a private 25-bed hospital in Kittsee, Austria. He
worked there as a general practitioner, and when he had sufficient staff,
specialized as a surgeon and eye doctor. During World War I the flood of
injured soldiers required him to expand the hospital to 120 beds.
In 1915 Ladislaus inherited the castle of Körmend, Hungary, and with it the
family name *Strattman* and the title of *Prince*. In 1920 he moved his
family to the castle, and turned one wing into a hospital specializing
in eye diseases. Ladislaus’ skills led him to become an internationally
known specialist in Ophthalmology.
Dr Ladislaus never turned away a patient because they could not pay, and
provided funds to the destitute. He treated all, kept them in hospital as
long as necessary, gave away medications, accepted what patients would pay
when they would, but never asked a fee from anyone, except that they pray an
*Our Father* for him. He prayed over each patient before working on them,
knew that his skills were simply God working through his hands, and saw his
family fortune as a way to help the poor. He was considered a saint in life
by his family, his patients and fellow healers.
Beatified – 23 March 2003 by Pope John Paul II
BLESSED GILES OF SANTAREM, OP
Physician Priest who signed a pact with Satan
Memorial Day: May14
So many romantic legends intertwine themselves with the story of Blessed Giles that it is difficult to see the man himself. His life, even stripped of its legend, is, nonetheless, a story of the triumph of grace in the human soul.
Giles, born in Portugal, was ordained at an early age, but with no good intention, for he saw in the priesthood only a chance to wield power. A thoroughly irreligious and pleasure-seeking young man, Giles became a student of the black arts. According to one legend, he met the devil and signed a contract with him, in which he promised his soul in return for a universal knowledge of medicine. Thereupon he spent seven years in bondage to his evil master, learning all his arts.
Having gained the highest degrees in medicine, Giles went to Paris and became a successful physician. At the peak of his worldly success, as the result of a series of fearful visions, Giles, repented of his misspent life and destroyed his magic books and potions. At Palencia, he met the friars of the newly founded Order of Preachers, who helped him to make his peace with God. Blessed Giles occupied several positions of authority in the order, including provincial of Portugal, and his medical skill proved to be a blessing in the care of his sick brethren. He lived to be very old, regarded by all but himself as a very great saint.,
BLESSED MARK OF MONTEGALLO
Physician, Franciscan preacher and financier
Memorial Day: 20 March
Born an Italian noble man, Blessed Mark completed his studies in medicine, and went on to marry. Later, both he and his wife agreed to separate and each join the Franciscans, she becoming a Poor Clare and he a priest. Blessed Mark spent the remainder of his life in austerity and prayer, actively preaching the message of Christ’s Love throughout all Italy. To relieve the anguish of those caught up hopelessly in debt from usury, he established a chain of charitable loan-banks all over Italy, which were named “monti di pietà.” Beloved throughout Italy, his countryman called him the “New Star of Love.”
BLESSED GABRIEL OF SAINT MAGDALEN
Martyred missionary to Japan
Memorial Day: 3 September
Born in Fonseca, New Castile, this Franciscan lay brother studied medicine in Manila. Beginning in 1622, he spent a decade ministering to the sick in Japan, at a time when Christianity was outlawed there. Ultimately captured, he was burned at the stake at Nagasaki in 1632.
SERVANTS OF GOD
“Servant of God” is the title awarded to those holy men and women whose causes for beatification and ultimate canonization have been advocated, but have not yet been brought through the entire process necessary for formal beatification. The following physicians have been so designated.
SERVANT OF GOD VICO NECCHI
Medical student with a passion to defend his Catholic Faith boldly
Ludvico (“Vico”) Necchi, a physician and professor of Biology at the University of Milan, had a deep love for Christ, Saint Francis, and the Catholic Church. A prayerful, humble, charming and cheerful physician, he stood at the forefront of the newly formed Italian Catholic Action. Vico Necchi was a devoted husband and father. While yet a medical student, Vico proudly defended his Catholic Faith, at a time in Italy when the civilian government, as well as many officials within the medical school itself were openly hostile to the Catholic Church. As one result of Vico’s courageous witness to the faith, the leader of one of the main student groups which had been attacking the Church went on to become, not only a practicing Christian, but a Roman Catholic priest.
Vico Necchi, serving as a military physician during World War I, was deeply moved by the seemingly senseless loss of life and limb. (It might be of interest to note that, at the same time that Dr. Necchi was serving in support of the many Italian troops who had been wounded in World War I, two other Italian physicians — both of whom would be later recognized as canonized saints, were also so serving – Saints Richard Pampuri and Joseph Moscati. And Blessed Padre Pio was also serving as a soldier in the Military Hospital at Naples!) Despite many trials and harsh opposition, Vico Necchi persevered in using his medical profession as a holy apostolate for the conversion of his patients, while also lavishing great charity on care for retarded children.
BLESSED PERE TARRES
Military physician
Pere Taras, a doctor in the Republican Army during the Spanish Civil War, is to be beatified by Pope John Paul II in the very near future. Pere Tarres (1905-1950) was a physician in the bloody 1938 Battle of Valadredro. In addition to serving as a physician, Pere Tarres was a spiritual guide to the troops. After the war, Pere was ordained a priest and founded the Federation of Christian Youth of Catalonia. He also established a tuberculosis treatment center in Catalonia.,
SERVANT OF GOD PEDRO ARRUPE, S.J.
Medical Student, Hiroshima Survivor, and Superior General of the Jesuits
Father Pedro Arrupe, S.J. born in Pais Basque, 1907, left medical school in Spain, to join the Jesuit Order, after witnessing a miraculous healing at Lourdes. Ordained a priest in 1936, he was pursuing doctoral studies in medical ethics in the United Sates, when he was unexpectedly assigned to serve as a missionary in Japan in 1939. He was appointed master of novices in Hiroshima, and was living in a suburb there on 6 August 1945. Thanks to his earlier medical training, he was able to provide at least rudimentary medical care to many victims of the atomic bomb detonation. The Jesuit novitiate, located in the outskirts of Hiroshima, was transformed into a makeshift hospital for over 200 grievously injured patients.
Father Arrupe went on to become Provincial Superior to all the Jesuits in the Japanese Province. And finally, in 1965, Father Arrupe was elected 28th Superior General of the Order of Jesus, serving in that position until 1981.
OTHER SAINTED HEALTH-CARE PROFESSIONALS
In addition to these physician saints and martyrs, we should be no less mindful of those many saintly men and women who, while not physicians, nevertheless dedicated their lives heroically to the care of the sick. Saint Camillus de Lellis, for example, (1614; Feast day: 18 July; Founder of the Ministers of the Sick) suffered from a chronic, festering lesion in his lower extremity and also from several other maladies. The consequences of all these physical handicaps paled in comparison to the impact of his compulsive addiction to gambling. After his conversion, Saint Camillus dedicated his life to the care of impoverished patients. Saint Camillus developed, with his companions, the first ‘military field ambulance’ and he is considered a forerunner of the modern day «Red Cross.»
Of course, there are countless others — not the least of whom is Father Damien of Molakai. Father Damien DeVeuster not only served as a selfless caretaker of the victims of leprosy on the island of Molokai (in what was later to become our fiftieth state, Hawaii), but he himself ultimately suffered as a mortal victim of Hansen’s Disease. His death reminds us to celebrate the sainthood, not only of noble doctors, but of heroic patients as well — saints as diverse as Saint Thérèse, the Little Flower, who died painfully but patiently of tuberculosis while still in the flower of her youth, and Saint Roche, a medieval saint who suffered from a fungating tumor on his leg, and who is now considered a Patron Saint of Surgeons.
In most recent history, Padre Pio of Pietrelcina and Mother Teresa of Calcutta have both combined, throughout their saintly lives, their concern for the souls of those entrusted to their care with a compassionate commitment to assuage physical suffering, as well. Mother Teresa would inspire her medical volunteers by saying, “Blessed are you who touch the body of Christ 24 hours a day!” Padre Pio established a modest medical care-center to reach those in need of physical, as well as of mental and spiritual healing. From its humble beginnings, this initiative has since progressed to become a large, modern hospital, under the direct auspices of the Vatican – Padre Pio’s “House for the Relief of Suffering.” This medical center now encompasses an associated international institute for research and study in the fields of bioethics and medicine.
We would do well to be mindful, too, of the Feast Day of Saint Mary, Our Lady, Health of the Sick, which is celebrated on August 24.
Hippocrates: The Father of Medicine, this pagan Greek physician, in his Oath, as well as in his other writings (“Corpus Hippocraticum”), set a standard of practice, which has remained the hallmark for the Christian practice of ethical medicine through the centuries. Today, when our profession needs to be reminded of these values most, we seem to be attending to them least. “Primum Non Nocere” – First, Do No Harm.
Pope John XXI: Only once has a physician been chosen Pope. Pedro Juliano, or Peter of Spain, was born in Lisbon c. 1210. The son of a physician, he studied at the University of Paris and taught medicine at the University of Siena. Elected pope in 1276, his was only a nine-month papacy. Pope John was the author of “The Poor Man’s Treasury,” a book of cures. He also wrote a medical treatise on the eye and a book on the soul. 5 While Pope John was never canonized a saint by the Church, it may be noteworthy that this Physician Pope was the only pope encountered by Dante in the Paradise of his “Divine Comedy.”
Albert Schweitzer: This great physician, skilled musician and African missionary has established a high-water mark for humanism in medicine. His commitment, both in word and deed, to “Reverence for Life” stands as the epitome of altruism in medicine. “The basic concept on which goodness rests is reverence for life – the great mystery in which we find ourselves with all living things…The deeper we look into nature, the more we recognize that it is full of life, and the more profoundly we know that all life is sacred, and we are united to all this life…[We must accept] as being good: to preserve life, to promote life, to raise to its highest value life which is capable of development; and as being evil: to destroy life, to injure life, to repress life which is capable of development.”
Thomas Dooley, M.D.: This remarkable native of Saint Louis first became aware of the suffering of peasants in South East Asia, while he was a U.S. Navy physician serving off the coast of Vietnam. His subsequent, heroic service as a medical missionary in that region inspired many of us, in the mid-1900’s, into undertaking a career of selfless service to our fellow man through Medicine. His adventurous personal accounts — “The Edge of Tomorrow,” “The Night They Burned the Mountain,” and “Deliver Us From Evil” — have left an indelible impression on the minds and hearts of many high school and college students, who were on their way to becoming the Catholic physicians of today. Both I and my wife, Leonie S. Watson, M.D., proudly count ourselves among those who were so inspired. Had he not inspired us, we might never have gone to medical school and never have met or married. But he did, we did, and we are; and the rest, as they say, is history!
Sadly, his legacy has most recently been attacked both by left-wing advocates who resent his communication with US Military and Intelligence sources (as though cooperating with our own government were a source of shame), and by cruel homosexual activists, who ironically exploit Doctor Dooley’s personal struggles to embarrass him among his admirers. On his deathbed, Doctor Dooley reportedly pled with the priests and friends who knew him best, that they not let his personal failings ever compromise his hope for the work he had begun. He remains today, for me and many others, a true, first-class hero.
Jerome LeJeune, M.D.: This noble French physician and researcher was instrumental in discovering the genetic cause of Down Syndrome. He was a Professor of Fundamental Genetics on the Faculty of Medicine in Paris, but even more impressive than his research was his dedication to the care and protection of these handicapped children. It is rumored that he would have been awarded the Nobel Prize, had not liberal consultants resented his unwavering commitment to pro-life principles.
CATHOLIC SAINT AND PHYSICIAN:
WHO IS CALLED TO BE NEXT? A PERSONAL REFLECTION
Who is called to be the next physician saint? To appreciate Christ’s personal answer to each of us, the only reflection we need is the one in our mirror! Each of us is called to sanctity. Our medical profession and our very lives are – to paraphrase the words of a talk-show commentator – “Gifts on Loan from God.” Canonized sainthood might seem hopelessly beyond the grasp of most of us. To live quietly and unassumingly, a life of prayerful devotion, of good works, and of selfless sacrifice, while seemingly a more readily reachable goal, is certainly not without its own challenges and setbacks. Yet God assures us that, aided by our prayer life and our own good works, by the sacraments of His Holy Church and, yes, by the intercession of His physician saints, His Grace, which has brought us safe thus far, will see us surely home.
In the spirit of the “Little Way,” espoused by that very special Doctor of the Church, Saint Thérèse of Lisieux, I have offered, in a previous article, published in the 1998 Linacre Quarterly — “Doctor, Thou Shalt Not Kill” — this consideration for personal reflection:
“Under the strain of contemporary medical practice, it is easy to become inadvertently ill-tempered, abrupt, and coldly removed. And few patients test the mettle of our bedside manner more than do demanding and dying cancer patients. To every Christian, whether lay or professional, Christ calls, ‘Let him who would follow, first renounce himself, take up his cross; and come, follow Me’ (Matthew 16:24). In an ironic twist, the Lord may be beckoning to those of us in the medical profession, ‘If any of you would seek the Kingdom of God, you must first forget your self-importance, put down your crossness; and come, follow Me.’
“If unmerited suffering is redemptive for our patients, can it be any less so for us? How often, when we were younger, would our Mom, or some good nun, be sure to remind us, whenever we faced some little pain or unavoidable discomfort, ‘Offer it up!’? The role to which God calls us, in this great battle against euthanasia and assisted-suicide, may merely consist, in no small part, in the simple act of offering up the many little pains and inconveniences that are the inevitable price of humane patient care. It is a pain to stop in the midst of hectic ward rounds and quietly listen for a minute; a pain to stop back again after a grueling day in the office or the OR; a pain to actually touch a patient – to hold a hand or rub a foot; a pain to accept cheerfully a late-night call for yet another change in the orders for pain medication; a pain to breach, on appropriate occasion, the impenetrable wall of professional reserve and share emotionally with a patient. What better prayer to offer our Crucified Lord, than the action-prayer of these little pains, suffered cheerfully and uncomplainingly, in His Name?
“Jesus holds up to us as a model the Good Samaritan: It was the lowly Samaritan, and he alone, who stopped, not to lecture the bleeding wretch on the redemptive value of his suffering, not to prescribe on a distant chart a treatment for others to administer, nor to pre-certify the financial reimbursement status. No, he stopped to touch, to bind, to soothe, to care personally regardless of the cost. In the light of this example, could it be that the Lord is holding up to our profession today, the vision of a patient in the throes of terminal illness, to challenge us, ‘Of all the professionals that paraded by this pain-wracked patient in the last days of his life – the primary-care physicians, consultants, diagnosticians, chemotherapists, radiologists, anesthesiologists, nurses, chaplains, corpsmen, aides and technicians – which one of these was his true neighbor? With so many involved in hastily and officiously caring for him, was there not even one who honestly and compassionately cared about him? Cared about Me?’
“Every Christian is called to renounce violence and to serve gently and selflessly, as a life-affirming ‘alter Christus’ – to represent Christ, reaching out through each of us to those in greatest need. All the more then, should not those of us who are, as Christian physicians, entrusted with this unique profession of healing, be challenged, in a special way, to model our lives after Our Lord, Christus Medicus – the Divine Physician?…
“Christian ethical insights ought not only inform our own individual professional practices, but should move us, as well, to serve as effective advocates of Christian ideals in the marketplace of secular medicine – a light unto our professional colleagues, our patients, our nation and the world.”,
The following prayer was released at the meeting of the International Federation of Catholic Health Associations (FIAMC), 3-8 July 2000.
Lord Jesus,
Divine Physician, who in your earthly life showed special concern for those who suffer, entrusting to your disciples the ministry of healing, make us ever ready to alleviate the trials of our brethren. Make each one of us more fully aware of the great mission that is entrusted to us, that we may strive always to be, in the performance of daily service, an instrument of your merciful Love. Enlighten our minds, guide our hands, make our hearts diligent and compassionate. Insure that, in our every patient, we learn to discern the features of your divine Face.
You, Lord, are The Way. Provide us with the gift of knowing how best to imitate you every day, as medical doctors, not only of the body, but of the whole person, that we may help those who are sick to tread with trust their own earthly path, until the moment of their eternal encounter with You.
You, Lord, are The Truth. Provide us with the gift of wisdom and science, that we might penetrate the mystery of man and his transcendent destiny, as we draw near to him in order to discover the causes of his malady and to find suitable remedies.
You, Lord, are The Life. Provide us with the gift of preaching and bearing witness to the ‘Gospel of Life’ in our profession, committing ourselves to defending life always, from its conception to its natural end, and respecting the dignity of every human being, especially of the weakest and of those most in need.
Make us, O Lord, Good Samaritans — ready to welcome, treat, and console those we encounter in our work. Following the example of the holy medical doctors who have preceded us, help us to offer our generous contribution to the constant renewal of health care structures.
Bless our studies and our profession, enlighten our research and our teaching. Lastly, grant to us, having constantly loved and served You in our suffering brethren, that at the end of our earthly pilgrimage, we may contemplate your glorious Countenance and experience the Joy of the encounter with You in your Kingdom of Joy and Everlasting Peace.
The Vatican, 29 June 2000
SAINTS ON LINE
re: Saints in General
Catholic Online Saints & Angels
http://www.catholic.org/saints/
Catholic Forum
http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/indexsnt.htm
American Catholic .Org/ Saint of the Day
http://www.americancatholic.org/Features/SaintofDay/
Daughters of Saint Paul
http://www.daughtersofstpaul.com/saintday/
Calendar of Saints O’the Day – Saint Patrick’s Parish
http://www.saintpatrickdc.org/ss/
re: Saint Luke
http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintl06.htm
re: Saints Cosmas and Damien
http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintc06.htm
re: Saint Pantaleon
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11447a.htm
re: Saint Rene Goupil:
http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintr19.htm
Catholic Encyclopedia on-line – re: Saint Rene Goupil
also, Saint Yves Mission, Packwood Catholic Group, Western Washington State
http://landru.i-link-2.net/shnyves/Rene_Goupil_French_Martyr_.html>
and, Wyandot Nation of Kansas Website:
http://www.sfo.com/~denglish/wynaks/goupil.htm
The National Shrine to the Jesuit Martyrs at Auriesville, NY, commemorates the ravine in Osserenon where Saint Rene was tomahawked to death.
http://www.martyrshrine.org/
re: Saint Richard Pampuri:
http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_19891101_pampuri_en.html
re: Saint Niels Steensen:
“Niel Steensen/Nicolaus Steno” Website of the Royal Danish Embassy.
http://inet.uni2.dk/home/jesh/steno/steno.htm
re: Saint Martin de Porres
WebSite for the RC Church of Saint Martin de Porres: http://saints.sqpn.com/saintm02.htm
re: Saint Joseph Moscati
http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintj07.htm
re: Blessed Gianna Molla Berreta
http://www.saintgianna.org/
re: Servant of God Vico Necchi
http://members.aol.com/viconecchi/vico_necchi/bio.html
re: Servant of God Father Pedro Arrupe, S.J.
http://www.math.luc.edu/~vande/pedro.html
re: Anthony Mary Zaccaria
http://www.catholic-church.org/barnabites/b02char.htm
On the World Wide Web
An exceptionally valuable site on the InterNet for related information is the WebSite for the Pontifical Council for Pastoral Assistance to Healthcare Workers.
http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/hlthwork/index.htm
(At that WebSite, Msgr Jose L Redrado, OH, would also recommend, in particular, the prayers for the Jubilee Year which were composed by Pope John Paul II, the prayer composed by Pope Pius XII, and the prayer to Sancta Maria Salus Infirmorum — to Saint Mary, Health of Those Who Suffer Illness.)
Doctor Jerome LeJeune’s legacy, as well as his important, pro-life research on behalf of the handicapped, are carried on today, through the auspices of the Michael Fund:
<http://www.michaelfund.org>
The Catholic Medical Association (USA) has a WebSite:
http://www.cathmed.org
ON CASSETTE
The two extraordinary presentations by Father Groeschel and Doctor Pellegrino are still available on audiocassette from Saint Joseph Communications at $6.00 each. Please refer to Code CMA98 when ordering them. Saint Joseph Communications, P.O. Box 720, West Covina, CA 91793-0720 / Phone: (626) 331-3549, FAX: (626) 858-9331 / Web:.
MUST READING
Pellegrino ED: “Christ, Physician and Patient, An Inclusive Model,” The Linacre Quarterly 66(3):70-78, (August) 1999.
Brennan S: “Medical Saints,” Catholic Medical Quarterly Feb 1999.
HIPPOCRATIC OATH:
The Hippocratic Oath is available on the InterNet at:
http://classics.mit.edu/Hippocrates/hippooath.html
We are honored that Archbishop Lozano Barragan consented to participate as a principal speaker at our Year 2000 Convention of the Catholic Medical Association in Pittsburgh, October 2000. His noteworthy address, “The Identity of the Catholic Medical Doctor,” is available now for your review on the WebSite for our Catholic Medical Association: http://www.cathmed.org
©1997 Catholic Online. All Rights Reserved.
http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/pray0242.htm
Butler’s Lives of the Saints, Thurston H & Attwater D, editors, Christian Classics Inc, Westminster, Maryland,pubs., 1956/1980, Vol IV, page 457.
“Real Relics Replace Lenin” National Catholic Register 75(32):1, 6-12 Aug 2000.
Attwater, D. (1983). The penguin dictionary of saints, 2nd edition, revised and updated by Catherine Rachel John. New York: Penguin Books. Also Benedictines, Bentley, Delaney, Encyclopedia, Farmer, Sheppard
©1999 Catholic Online. All Rights Reserved
Butler’s Lives of the Saints, Thurston H & Attwater D, editors, Christian Classics Inc, Westminster, Maryland,pubs., 1956/1980, Vol 1, page 379-380.
Butler’s Lives of the Saints, Thurston H & Attwater D, editors, Christian Classics Inc, Westminster, Maryland, pubs, 1956/1980, Vol III, pages 385-388.
Butler’s Lives of the Saints, Thurston H & Attwater D, editors, Christian Classics Inc, Westminster, Maryland, pubs, 1956/1980, Vol III, pages 19-20.
Butler’s Lives of the Saints, 1956 ed., (5 Feb, page 259).
http://users.erols.com/saintpat/ss/0206.htm#japa
The candy-striped barber pole which identifies a barber’s shop today, was initially derived from a sign of red blood tricking down around a patient’s white arm – an advertisement for therapeutic blood-letting.
Butler’s Lives of the Saints, Thurston H & Attwater D, editors, Christian Classics Inc, Westminster, Maryland, pubs, 1956/1980, Vol IV, pages 269-270.
WebSite for the RC Church of Saint Martin de Porres: http://www.eastern.com/stmartin/stmartin.htm
A favorite of mine, I featured his life story at the Executive Board meeting of the 1999 annual convention of the Catholic Medical Association in Buffalo,
Butler’s Lives of the Saints, Thurston H & Attwater D, editors, Christian Classics Inc, Westminster, Maryland,pubs., 1956/1980, Vol III, pages 645 – 652.
A dramatic account of Saint Rene’s heroic martyrdom, narrated by Saint Isaac Jogues himself, is available on the InterNet at: http://www.sfo.com/~denglish/wynaks/goupil.htm
http://www.denmarkemb.org/steno.html
Butler’s Lives of the Saints, Thurston H & Attwater D, editors, Christian Classics Inc, Westminster, Maryland,pubs., 1956/1980, Vol III, page 78.
On the World Wide Web: http://www.clicnetit/moscati
MacNamara RF: “Saint Richard Pampuri.” Website for Saint Thomas the Apostle Roman Catholic Church. “Saints Alive Index”. http://www.stthomasirondequoit.com/id242.htm.
Vittadini G: “North America On Tour: the New Frontier.” Traces magazine September 2000. http://www.traces-cl.com/archive/2000/settembre/vittauk.htm
As many of you may remember, Joseph Cunningham espoused Blessed Gianna’s canonization at our 1998 FIAMC meeting.
On the World Wide Web: http://www.catholic.org/pfl/testimony/giannamolla.html
Dans, PE: Movie Reviews: Physicians who were canonized. Linacre Quarterly. 2013; 80:190-191
On the World Wide Web: http://saintgianna.org/main.htm
(Benedictines, Dorcy)
On the World Wide Web: http://users.erols.com/saintpat/ss/0514.htm#dami
Butler’s Lives of the Saints, Thurston H & Attwater D, editors, Christian Classics Inc, Westminster, Maryland,pubs., 1956/1980, Vol I, page 648.
http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintm79.htm
http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintg0l.htm
http://www.clicnet.it/moscati/English/En_Pio_Do.html
American Catholic.org Copyright St Anthony Messenger Press. http://www.americancatholic.org/Features/SaintofDay
(Zenit 00052606)
On the World Wide Web: http://www.peretarres.org/fundacio/biografia.html
On the World Wide Web: http://www.math.luc.edu/~vande/pedro.html
Butler’s Vol III, page 134-136.
http://www.petersnet.net/research/retrieve.cfm?recnum=1020
1998 Saints Calendar and Daily Planner. The Wanderer Forum Foundation. Catholic Truth Publications. Hudson, WI, 1997. P 83.
Brennan S: “Medical Saints.” Catholic Medical Quarterly, Feb, 1999.
Atwood A and Anderson E: For All That Lives. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York, 1975.
Watson RA: “Doctor, Thou Shalt Not Kill”, Linacre Quarterly 65(3):23-42, (Aug) 1998.
Watson RA: “To Take Up Our Cross”, Celebrate Life (American Life League) 22(2):18-19, (Mar-Apr) 2000
Doctor Paul Dochier
“Doctor Luc” – Martyred Monk of the TibHirine
Declared Blessed in AlgerIA – 8 December 2018
Doctor Paul Dochier, a French physician, joined the Trappists in 1941, but Brother Luc (‘Doctor Luc’ – as he became known) continued to practice medicine throughout World War II, treating anyone who needed it, and never charging. He moved to Algeria in 1947, where he continued his free medical practice. In 1959, he was kidnapped by members of the Front de Libération Nationale (National Liberation Front), a nationalist party fighting in the Algerian War, but was later released.
In a conflict between extremist rebels and Algerian government forces, which had begun in 1992, human rights groups estimate that at least 44,000 people, mostly civilians, were killed. The 19 Catholic priests and religious, now beatified, died in this conflict. Included among them were seven Trappist monks who had been kidnapped from the monastery of Tibhirine and were beheaded. The monks’ story was dramatized in the film «Of Gods and Men,» which won the grand prize at its premiere at the Cannes Film Festival in 2010.*
Brother Luc was one of those monks at the Atlas Abbey of Tibhirine near Médéa, Algeria who were kidnapped over the night of 26–27 March 1996.
The monks of Tibhirine knew that they were in danger and would likely be killed if they remained in Algeria. French Father Christian de Cherge, the slain prior of the monastery, had written in a letter, nearly three years before his death, that he and the other monks would willingly offer themselves as a sacrifice for the people of Algeria.
Father de Cherge wrote, «When the time comes, I would like to be able to have that stroke of lucidity which would permit me to ask forgiveness of God and of my brothers in humanity, forgiving wholeheartedly, at the same time, whoever my killer might be. May we meet each other again, happy thieves, in paradise, should it please God.»
‘Doctor Luc,’ along with Bishop Pierre Claverie and 17 other companions, were declared blessed on Saturday, December 8, the Feast of the Immaculate Conception, in the very country to which they had been sent and where they freely chose to stay, among the people they loved so much, even at the height of the violence.
The words of Pope Francis resounded powerfully over the magnificent esplanade of the Santa-Cruz sanctuary in Oran. “A great sign of fraternity in the Algerian sky addressed to the whole world.” An event that seemed impossible had finally occurred.
As incredible as it may seem, Algeria, a country still trapped between the temptation to look inward and to open up, has now hosted the first beatification ever in a country with a large Muslim majority.
31 January 1914 in Bourg-de-Péage, Drôme, France
21 May 1996 near Médéa, Algeria
· https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-paul-dochier/
· https://international.la-croix.com/news/beatification-a-sign-of-fraternity-from-algeria/9034
· http://nunraw.blogspot.com/2009/05/19-algeria-martyrs.html
* https://www.amazon.com/Gods-Men-Lambert-Wilson/dp/B0056AJMCG/ref=sr_1_1/132-3503802-8852402?s=movies-tv&ie=UTF8&qid=1544580588&sr=1-1&keywords=of+gods+and+men
WHAT IS FIAMC?
octubre 24th, 2016 | 0 Comments
WHAT ARE THE AIMS OF FIAMC?
DICASTERO PER IL SERVIZIO DELLO SVILUPPO UMANO INTEGRALE
agosto 31st, 2016 | 0 Comments
NEW DICASTERY FOR THE LAITY, FAMILY AND LIFE
junio 4th, 2016 | 0 Comments
PONTIFICAL COUNCIL FOR THE FAMILY
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Rio dream still alive for Alkhaldi, Lacuna
Published on Monday, 30 May 2016 21:23
Written by June Navarro
Swimmers Jasmine Alkhaldi, Jessie Khing Lacuna and Joshua Hall have until the end of June to meet the standard qualifying clockings for another tour of duty in the Olympics.
Alkhaldi and Lacuna, who both competed in the 2012 London Games, and the US-based Hall must meet the requirements before the International Swimming Federation (Fina) confirms the list of Rio de Janeiro Olympic qualifiers on July 3.
“There are still a number of qualifying meets where they could compete to achieve the standard,” said Philippine Swimming Inc. executive director Reyna Rose Suarez. “So far, we’re happy with their performances.”
Lacuna, 22, is a freestyle and butterfly specialist from Pulilan, Bulacan, who swam in the men’s 200m free in London while the Hawaii-based Alkhaldi raced in the women’s 100m free.
Lacuna, the country’s fastest swimmer from Ateneo, should at least meet the Olympic Selection Time (OST) of 1:51.75 seconds in the men’s 200m free.
He registered a personal-best of 1:50.73 during the 2015 Southeast Asian Games in Singapore.
Alkhaldi, who turns 23 next month, owns the Philippine record of 56.10 seconds in the women’s 100m free, a fraction of a second faster than the 56.34 OST.
Hall holds the national mark in the men’s 100m breaststroke (1:02.40) and is trying to surpass the 1:02.69 OST before deadline.
Fina has set two qualifying standards - the faster Olympic Qualifying Time (OQT) and the OST.
Swimmers who meet the OQT qualify outright while the world swim body determines the number of “universality” places based on the OQT.
By the end of the qualification period, Fina will assess the number of athletes who achieved the OQT before inviting athletes with OST to fulfill the total quota of 900 swimmers in Rio. Inquirer.net
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Donation Controversy: Tax Relief for Media
Last week’s Fall Economic Statement featured updates to Canada’s economic outlook and corporate tax changes, specifically, the Capital Cost Allowance measures. However, the Finance Minister also proposed a controversial $595 million package to support Canada’s media sector, including tax breaks for those who subscribe to some online media outlets.
Speaking on November 21 to his support for journalism in Canada Morneau said, “We’ve made some investments to ensure that we continue that we have an important free press and to ensure that we have a strong and healthy democracy by protecting the vital role that independent news media play in our democracy and in our communities…”
To that end, the government will be creating an independent panel made up of members of the media, in order to implement these proposed tax-relief provisions:
A temporary, non-refundable 15-percent tax credit for qualifying subscribers of eligible digital news media. Dates and eligibility criteria will be determined by the panel.
A donations tax credit for contributions to a new category of “qualified donee” for non-profit journalism organizations. This will allow these organizations to issue receipts for donations from both individuals and corporations and open the door for foundations to provide financial support to media.
A refundable tax credit for qualifying news organizations that “produce a wide variety of news and information of interest to Canadians.” Specifically, the tax credit will apply to the labour costs associated with producing original content and will be open to both non-profit and for-profit news organizations. An independent panel drawn from the news industry will be established to define eligibility of the measure, which will take effect January 1, 2019.
Opposition critics have expressed concern about these measures and their impact on journalistic independence. Additional concerns relate to the creation of the panel that will define eligibility criteria, expected before the next federal budget in the spring.
The donations credit is also puzzling, considering that the March 22, 2017 federal budget removed the 25% First-Time Donor’s Super Credit, originally introduced to encourage young people to give to charity. It cited the following reasons in the budget: “. . .Budget 2017 confirms that the First-Time Donor’s Super Credit will be allowed to expire in 2017 as planned, due to its low take-up, small average amounts donated, and the overall generosity of existing tax assistance for charitable donations.”
It would appear the government has had a change of heart on using the overall generosity of existing tax assistance for charitable donations in the case of journalism.
Author Evelyn JacksPosted on November 28, 2018 Categories Income TaxLeave a comment on Donation Controversy: Tax Relief for Media
Fall Economic Statement: Tax Incentives for Corporations
Canada has been in a strong economic position since 2015, but dark clouds are on the horizon as global economic growth has peaked and deficits are expected to grow. This is what Finance Minister Morneau faces as he unveiled his November 21 Fall Economic Report.
Canada’s economic growth has averaged close to 2.5% since the end of 2015 and in the last three years, the unemployment rate has fallen to 5.8%, the lowest level in 40 years, which has brought with it strong wage growth. As a result, budgetary revenues are expected to increase by 4.9% in 2018-2019, and at an average annual rate of 3.8% over the remainder of the forecast period.
Personal income tax revenues, which still are the largest line item for government intake, are projected to increase by 5.4% or $8.3 Billion in 2018-2019, which bring revenues from this source up to $161.9 Billion, rising by 4.3% annually over the rest of the forecast period “reflecting the progressive nature of the income tax system combined with projected real income gains.”
Corporate taxes are projected to increase as well, by $1.7 billion or 3.5% to $49.5 billion in 2018–19. After which they are projected to decline in 2019–20 by 7.6%, as a result of new tax measures introduced with this report. Following this and over the remainder of the projection period, corporate tax revenues will grow again by an average annual rate of 3.9%.
On the negative side, the Fall Economic Report reveals that real GDP growth has averaged slightly less than 2% since mid-2017, and it is expected to change from a 2.0% real GDP growth rate for 2018-2019. It will drop to 1.8% over the 5-year period in the report, unchanged from the February 27, 2018 budget.
Worse, the GDP inflation rate, which is the broadest measure of economy-wide inflation, has been adjusted upwards from the February budget. This means the level of nominal GDP (the broadest measure of the tax base) will also be $9 billion higher.
On the upside, the government suggests that household spending and business investment in Canada going forward may be stronger than expected. Especially in light of the current tight labour market conditions. But there are many downside risks that still apply.
The U.S. economy could overheat due to recent significant fiscal stimulus. This in turn could induce the Federal Reserve to increase interest rates faster than markets expect. Should that happen, economic activity in the U.S. could also slow, leading to global financial turbulence driven by higher interest rates and a stronger U.S. dollar. Economic protectionism could also dampen global trading activity, which could affect the Canadian economy.
In reading the fine details of the report, there are some disturbing trends. Exports of non-energy goods, which represent roughly two-thirds of Canada’s goods export volumes have continued to perform below expectations, and have remained largely unchanged for more than a decade.
Meanwhile, Canada’s share of goods exports going to emerging economies is the lowest amongst its peers; indicative of our close trading relationship with the U.S. and what the report calls “the intense and growing global competition for growth opportunities abroad.” In short, Canada must step up to serve the growing needs of emerging economies and reduce its reliance on the U.S.
The report also makes a pitch for the oil transportation by pipeline rather than by mail. “Canadian companies are not getting a fair price for their exports. . . . pipeline transportation constraints in Western Canada means that an increasing amount of Canadian oil is being transported by rail, a development (which) has contributed to a higher discount on the Canadian price of crude oil since the end of 2017.”
Canadian crude oil prices are also vulnerable to developments in the U.S., such as increases in U.S. production, and pipeline and refinery shutdowns in the U.S. These have recently contributed to market prices for Western Canada crude oil declining to historic lows, while world benchmark oil prices remain well above those observed in 2016. The result has been a significant loss in income for Canadian oil producers.
It all means that turbulence is ahead for Canadians, who must continue to navigate a continued and challenging global economic environment and its effects on after-tax wealth accumulation.
Visit Knowledge Bureau Report for the Economic, Fiscal and Revenue Outlook for Canada, adjusted from the February 27, 2018 budget. As per the Fall Economic Report, Finance Canada November 21, 2018.
Author Evelyn JacksPosted on November 22, 2018 Categories Income TaxLeave a comment on Fall Economic Statement: Tax Incentives for Corporations
Death in the Family: Executors’ Obligations
Year-end can be a particularly difficult time for those who have lost a loved one during the year. But it’s important to see a tax specialist when someone in the family dies, to file any tax returns that may be outstanding on time, adjust prior-filed returns, and to claim specific tax benefits that can help to pay for end-of-life costs.
Filing deadlines. The final tax return, also known as the terminal return, must be received by CRA as follows:
Death Occurred between January 1 to October 31: File by April 30.
Death Occurred between November 1 to December 31: File within six months after date of death (May 1 to June 30). Note, however, that balances due for the surviving spouse, who may file at the same time, must be paid on or before April 30 to avoid interest charges.
Death of a Self-employed Person: If death occurred between January 1 and December 15, file by June 15. If death occurred in the period December 16 to December 31, file six months after date of death (June 16 to June 30). Again, balances due for the surviving spouse, who may file at the same time, must be paid on or before April 30 to avoid interest charges.
Adjust Prior Returns for the Deceased: If there are outstanding returns for prior years for the deceased, the due dates above remain the same; however, Taxpayer Relief Provisions may be applied to late returns due within the last 10 years, or to amended returns previously filed in the prior 10 years, and to waive penalties and interest in hardship cases.
Special Privileges and Relief Options: Executors who are filing final returns may take advantage of two important special privileges for deceased taxpayers that will provide additional relief:
Rights and Things Returns: These additional returns can be filed to claim personal amounts in full on each return – terminal and rights or things – and to split between returns and claim other benefits to the best advantage of the taxpayer on each return.
Election to Defer Payment: Especially because of the deemed disposition rules for capital assets on the death of a taxpayer, it is possible that a large tax liability can occur on the death of a taxpayer. It is possible to roll over assets on a tax-free basis to a surviving spouse, and to maximize the use of previously unused tax losses. But if the final result of this astute tax filing on death is still a balance due, it is possible to postpone the tax payment until the asset is actually sold and money is received. Security for the amount owning may be posted by filing form T2075 Election to Defer Payment of Income Tax, Under Subsection 159(5) of the Income Tax Act by a Deceased Taxpayer’s Legal Representative or Trustee. Although interest will be charged by the CRA as it waits for its money, this option may provide much-needed relief when high-value, low-liquidity capital assets must be disposed of to pay taxes on deemed disposition.
Author Evelyn JacksPosted on November 16, 2018 November 16, 2018 Categories Income TaxLeave a comment on Death in the Family: Executors’ Obligations
Missed Prior Returns: 8 Reasons to File Before Year-End
Forget to file a tax return in a previous year? It can pay handsomely to catch up before year-end. Not only can you recover tax refunds CRA may still owe you (that’s the main reason for most), but here are 8 additional reasons to file those missed returns before year-end:
To receive missed benefits and credits: The GST/HST Credit, the Canada Child Benefit, the Refundable Medical Expense Supplement, or available refundable provincial tax credits provide generous tax free income sources, but to claim them you must file a tax return. Low income earners should file to receive the Working Income Tax Benefit (WITB) or apply for advance payments in the new year, when this credit will become known as the Canada Workers Benefit.
To create more RRSP contribution room and carry forward deductions: This is an important opportunity to maximize your retirement income while you are reducing net and taxable income so as to pay less tax and receive more benefits.
To split pension income: To take advantage of pension income splitting with your spouse you must file an annual election. This is required by April 30. Use Form T1032 to do so. Amending or revoking elections is also possible but only for up to three calendar years after the filing due date for the year in which the election applies.
To harvest losses for use in reducing past or future income: The reporting of non-capital and capital losses is often missed. Non-capital losses can occur from employment, investment, self-employment and rental ventures, whereas capital losses occur when disposing of assets for less than their adjusted cost base. Generally, these losses offset other income in the current year, and then can be carried back to offset income in the previous three previous years. To do so use Form T1A Capital Loss Carry Back. Unabsorbed losses still remaining can then be carried forward 20 years in the case of non-capital losses, or indefinitely in the case of capital losses.
To maximize claims for students: Be sure to file missed prior returns to help with education funding: transfer unused tuition amounts to supporting individuals, but only if the student isn’t taxable. Students can also carry forward unclaimed tuition, education or textbook amounts from prior years into the future when income is taxable. Student loan interest can be carried forward, too, for up to five years.
To maximize use of medical expenses and charitable donations for the disabled and their supporting individuals: File a tax return to carry forward unused charitable donations (you can do so for up to 5 years). Medical expenses can be claimed in the best 12 month period ending in a tax year.
To qualify for OAS/GIS Supplement and certain provincial health care benefits: You may be missing out on the federal income supplement for low-income seniors (Guaranteed Income Supplement or GIS) or certain provincial “pharmacare” plans when you fail to file the correct application forms. The entries on your tax return are required to verify income for these purposes.
To avoid interest, gross negligence or tax evasion penalties. If you owe taxes to the CRA for prior years, your catch-up efforts will help you avoid expensive penalties and interest, which is a great way to go into the new year!
Bottom Line: Catch up on your tax filings before December 31 to maximize all your tax filing rights in the 10-year period starting January 1, 2008. That 2008 tax filing year and all its refunds, carry-forward provisions and benefits will be unavailable to you – forever – if you miss this deadline.
Author Evelyn JacksPosted on November 7, 2018 Categories Income TaxLeave a comment on Missed Prior Returns: 8 Reasons to File Before Year-End
Tax Filing Delinquency: 8 Reasons to Catch Up Before Year-End
It pays to file outstanding tax returns before year end, not only to recover refunds that CRA may still owe you, but also to avoid paying penalties and interest that would be charged for gross negligence or in some cases, tax evasion. But also, when you don’t file on time, you miss out on important tax planning opportunities that may end for you on December 31. Here are 8 important reasons to review your return before year-end.
To the first point, it makes no sense to have CRA hold onto your tax refund; you will receive no interest payment from the government as it holds onto your money. Leaving this money in their hands means that not only is it being eroded by inflation, but you are also missing out on opportunities to maximize tax-efficient investment opportunities for your retirement. You must file a return to earn unused RRSP contribution room and class capital losses incurred in a non-registered savings account.
Second, you must file a tax return to avoid penalties and interest if you owe money to the CRA when any of the following circumstances apply to you. Do file a tax return immediately if:
1. You have taxable income and must pay federal or provincial income tax in the current tax year or any of the three preceding tax years. This is the normal statute of limitations for CRA to request additional information for audit purposes. However, if CRA expects fraud, they can go back a full ten years. A tax services specialist can help you assess if it’s to your benefit to file or adjust returns, if applicable, for the full ten-year period, whether or not fraud applies. These returns or adjustments will be accepted by the CRA.
2. You have disposed of any capital property in the year, including a principal residence, which requires the filing of form T2091 Designation of a Property as a Principal Residence by an Individual (Other Than a Personal Trust). Failing to file a return in this situation comes with a separate “failure to file” penalty of up to $8,000.
3. You will be required to repay OAS (Old Age Security) or EI (Employment Insurance) benefits to the government.
4. You are repaying, or are required to repay, HBP (Home Buyer Plan) or LLP (Lifelong Learning Plan) amounts to your RRSP through your tax return.
5. You are required to make contributions to the CPP or are electing not to contribute.
6. You are holding offshore properties with a cost of $100,000 or more and must file form T1135 Foreign Income Verification (whether or not you file a return).
7. You received an advance on the Working Income Tax Benefit.
Paying penalties and related interest costs is extremely expensive, and a good way to erode the wealth you are otherwise trying to accumulate in your investments. Here’s why: When you owe money to the CRA, it will charge the prescribed annual rate of interest, currently 2 percent, plus 4 percent more, on top of the taxes, repayments or additional penalties owing. That’s 6 percent compounded daily, from the date the return was due. It quickly adds up to a financial quagmire.
Here is an 8th reason to file prior-missed returns: the 2008 tax year becomes statute barred after December 31, 2018. Be sure to recover potential tax refunds, create unused RRSP contribution room and log any losses available for carry overs before then.
Author Evelyn JacksPosted on November 2, 2018 Categories Income TaxLeave a comment on Tax Filing Delinquency: 8 Reasons to Catch Up Before Year-End
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Shane Pannell
December 25th, 2014 by Narayan Surve
BEST PART OF THE PITCH: Shane is a stay-at-home dad who has created a brand new kind of broom. There’s a built-in scraper the pops out of the bristles with the push of a button. Shane has a patent pending. There aren’t any sales yet because he’s only been working with prototypes. He’s asked business folks what they would pay for something like this and the prime number is usually $19.95.
DO THE SHARKS BITE? Barbara doesn’t think Shane’s the kind of guy who can go all the way with this thing. She’s out. Robert wants to license the product, but Kevin H. thinks you can make a fortune selling it directly to the consumer. Kevin O. wants to make money through distribution. He’ll give Shane $40k for 20%. He goes up to $50k when Kevin H. shows interest. Daymond offers $75k for a 33% stake to create an entire company. Kevin H. offers $50k for 25% because this product needs to go on TV. It’s a feeding frenzy!
THE RESULT: Kevin O. wants to go 50-50 with Kevin H., but that is not gonna happen. Robert then teams with Kevin O. with an $80k offer for a 25% stake. Daymond and Kevin H. team up to make the same offer. Kevin O. wants to talk to Shane’s wife, which causes Daymond to reduce his offer. Shane says if he goes back the original offer, they have a deal. That’s exactly what happens. Here’s hoping they all clean up!
Kim Nelson
BEST PART OF THE PITCH: Kim makes her cakes from scratch using family recipes. She provides some tasty samples which go over well. Who knew sharks liked icing? You can call or order the cakes from Kim’s web site. She packs them in dry ice and ships them nationwide. Cakes sell for $44.50 at a cost of $18 to make. In three months, there has been $27,000 in sales. Kim is also in the process of having her lemon curd carried in Whole Foods stores.
DO THE SHARKS BITE? The Sharks want to know how Kim will supply a huge demand, as only she and her mom are baking the cakes right now. Kevin O. thinks the cakes are great, but isn’t ready to take on the task of turning this into a big business. He’s out. Kevin H. doesn’t think the growth will be fast enough, so he’s out. Robert and Daymond can’t invest in such a small business either. They’re both out. That leaves Barbara.
THE RESULT: Barbara also thinks this is a small business. However, every Shark in the tank devoured Kim’s cakes. She wants a dollar for every cake sold until she gets her money back. It’s a sweet deal. Kim leaves the shark tank with a brand new partner. Whatever happens from here on out is icing on the cake!
Caddyswag
BEST PART OF THE PITCH: Melissa defines the Caddyswag Golfer as your average, everyday golfer whose score is secondary to just having a good time. That’s why Ben invented the Par 6 cooler which keeps six 12-ounce cans cold for 18 holes of golf. It fits in the shoe pocket of any golf bag. They are selling two Par 6 coolers for $19.99. They average $15,000 per year in sales.
DO THE SHARKS BITE? Daymond is out immediately. Guess he doesn’t golf. Kevin H. doesn’t think this product has enough punch to it to get folks to call in when they see it advertised on The Golf Channel. He’s out. Robert thinks the product is trivial, so he’s out. Barbara believes there’s a need for the product, but feels it is too small to make any money back on her investment. She’s out. Kevin O. is also gone, which is par for the course.
Deidrea Haysel
BEST PART OF THE PITCH: Deidrea felt humiliated and insecure while in the hospital during the birth of her first child because of the ill-fitting hospital gown. She designed her own line of super-soft gowns. They have short-sleeves for blood pressure checks and a full snap-down back. These designer gowns are not for sick hospital patients. They are for beautiful, joyful moms-to-be. Deidrea has over $11,000 in sales. The gowns sell for $119 and cost about $49 to make.
DO THE SHARKS BITE? Daymond wants to know how the country can be educated about this product. Kevin O. believes this is a good idea, but it’s not really a business. He doesn’t want to go down that long road until it becomes one. He’s out. Barbara wonders about a one-size-fits-all gown. As for Daymond, he doesn’t believe Deidrea will ever be willing to learn from him. Robert thinks she’s a great sales rep, but he’s out. Kevin H. thinks it’s too risky, so he’s out. That leaves Barbara, who makes an offer of $30k for a 40% stake.
THE RESULT: Barbara is concerned about Deidrea’s open-mindedness. She makes a few demands to which Deidrea initially agrees to meet. But the 40% is too high of an asking price, so Deidrea rejects the offer. That means Barbara is out. Deidrea will have to go from here to maternity on her own.
Broccoli Wad
BEST PART OF THE PITCH: We recognize Vinny Pastore as one those wiseguys we used to watch on The Sopranos. Most mafia men carry their money in a wad, not a wallet. Hence, the Broccoli Wad. Basically, it’s a piece of rubber that you wrap around your cash. Barbara doesn’t get it. She thinks this product is the worst thing she’s ever heard on this show. Jeff, however, is intrigued.
DO THE SHARKS BITE? The sharks wonder why Vinny’s celebrity mug isn’t adorning the product. They can call it the Vinny Wad. If that happens, Barbara will come back in. Jeff, Kevin, Robert and Daymond are definitely out though. Barbara will put up $50k for a 40% stake and she’ll give Vinny half of her stake. Vinny takes the deal, but Johnny isn’t sure where he stands. Fear not. He didn’t just get whacked. Johnny still gets 60%. Barbara just made sure Vinny became the face of the wad. She still thinks this is a horrible product, but the marketing concept is genius. In other words, fuggedaboutit!
Mike Abbaticchio & Shon Lees
December 23rd, 2014 by Narayan Surve
BEST PART OF THE PITCH: The country-style clothing these guys produce sells well at rodeos and concerts. The clothes look good and the guys are looking to expand their brand. They have over $271,000 in sales over the past three years. They say the term “hillbilly” doesn’t have a negative connotation anymore. Jeff Foxworthy may be a redneck, but he probably has a little hillbilly in him, too. Everyone does! They signed an agreement to get their product into 30 Sports Authority stores as well as a deal to get Hill Billy clothes in truck stops and travel plazas everywhere.
DO THE SHARKS BITE? When the sharks crunch the numbers, they realize the business only makes about $7,000 a year, and that’s without Mike and Shon taking a salary. Kevin O. doesn’t want to be in the retail biz, so he’s out. Daymond and Jeff think the guys should explore licensing opportunities. Barbara’s out because she has no licensing contacts. Robert wants to know if Jeff will license the product. If he’s in then Robert wants 100% of the company for the product name. They’ll pay them a 7% royalty. Daymond’s in, too.
THE RESULT: Jeff, Daymond and Robert will pay $50k plus a 7% royalty for the entire company. Mike and Shon counter with $100k deal with a 10% royalty and the opportunity to get the company back if these guys just put it on a shelf. The three sharks counter that offer with $75k and the industry standard 7% royalty. There’s a loud hillbilly shout of joy inside the tank as Mike and Shon take the deal.
Ken Howell
BEST PART OF THE PITCH: Ken’s business is a tribute to his dad who passed away a few years ago. He doesn’t use any additives or preservatives for his fresh-tasting beef jerky. One of the sharks sitting before Ken also sells a brand of beef jerky. But Jeff Foxworthy still gives props to a very good product which has a shelf life of about two months. Ken had about $100,000 in annual sales at his peak, but that’s dipped to about $40,000 now.
DO THE SHARKS BITE? Robert doesn’t think the product has a long enough shelf life and Ken’s still not making any money. He’s out. Daymond says this is a small business, not an investment. Kevin O. feels the same way. They’re both out. Jeff’s out because he’s in the same business. Barbara’s out, as well. She doesn’t think Ken needs their help getting his business back on track. He’s capable of doing that all on his own. Let’s hope he tastes success again in the very near future.
Darryl and Randy Lenz
BEST PART OF THE PITCH: Darryl’s been a flight attendant for 27 years. During that time, she’s seen many parents struggle their way through the airport trying to carry both luggage and kids. That’s why she and her husband, Randy, developed a product that instantly converts carry-on luggage into a travel stroller. The attachable seat can carry kids from 8 months to 5 years old. It then folds onto the luggage for easy storage.
DO THE SHARKS BITE? New shark Jeff Foxworthy thinks they have a great idea and he loves the couple’s enthusiasm. This just isn’t the business for him. He’s out. Robert thinks they should go down the licensing road, so he’s out. Barbara will give them the $50k for 25% of the company. Kevin O. also makes an offer. He’ll give them $50k for 20% of a licensing deal. As Daymond goes out, he warns that Kevin’s offer is a sucker deal.
THE RESULT: Barbara isn’t against the licensing possibilities; she just thinks they need help marketing the product. With two offers on the table, Darryl and Randy break Mr. Wonderful’s heart as they decide to team up with Barbara. Looks like Kevin will have to carry-on without them.
First Defense Nasal Screens
November 15th, 2014 by Narayan Surve
BEST PART OF THE PITCH: Joe has a unique solution to protect against germs and allergens. His lightweight, non-inserted nasal screens have been clinically proven to reduce the inhalation of allergens, pollen, pollution and more. You just peel ‘em and stick ‘em on your nose. Mark says, “Are you kidding me?” Joe assures him that he’s very serious. He’s sold 1.7 million units at 60 cents wholesale. Joe has one big client from the United Arab Emirates that has given him an $8 million contract over the next six years. This is a worldwide product.
DO THE SHARKS BITE? The Sharks initially thought this guy was a joke. He’s not. He needs money to fulfill the big order he has overseas. Barbara thinks the cost of educating people about the product would be too high. She’s out. Kevin O’Leary offers to give Joe the $500k but wants a 15% royalty until he recoups his investment. He also wants 20% equity. Mark wants to team up with Kevin. Daymond offers $800k for a 30% stake and 10% royalty. Kevin offers a million bucks for the whole company. Joe is a cancer survivor who wants to stay with the company. Daymond offers a million bucks for a 30%
THE RESULT: Joe can’t sell his entire business for $2 million, so Robert offers him $4 million. That’s the largest sum offered in Shark Tank history. Joe asks for $5 million which forces Robert to say he’s out. Kevin and Mark bring Daymond into their offer which has now changed. They will give up $750k for a 30% stake and a 10% perpetual royalty. Joe accepts the offer as long as Mark provides season tickets to Mavs games. At the end of the day, this deal was certainly nothing to sneeze at.
Vurtego Pogo Sticks
BEST PART OF THE PITCH: Brian believes his product could be the next big thing in action sports. His dynamic pogo stick costs about $100 to make and retails for $330. The video Brian provides shows folks doing amazing things with his product. He wants to mass produce these things to knock his most successful competitor from the top spot.
DO THE SHARKS BITE? The Sharks believe this is something that could thrive as a specialty product. Barbara has safety concerns, so she’s out. Mark says mass market isn’t the way to go here. The second Brian does that; his product will lose some of its coolness. He’s out. Robert, Kevin and Daymond follow his lead. With the advice the Sharks gave him, Brian vows to bounce back with his pogo stick venture.
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interviews June 2, 2017
How a Chicago Pizza Heir Made a Name for Himself As a New York Restaurateur
Will Malnati at Toro’s Lou Malnati’s pop-up this week. Photo: Noah Fecks/© Noah Fecks
“Whenever someone tells me that they’re going to open a restaurant or a bar, my first reaction is, ‘Are you sure?’” says Will Malnati, the owner of Toro. “They think about the vanity, but meanwhile, I’m there at one in the morning cleaning out the drain.” After 32 years in the business — his entire life — Malnati has learned that the actual work of running a restaurant is far from glamorous.
If you live in the Midwest, you’ll recognize the Malnati name. His family owns Lou Malnati’s, the beloved Illinois-based deep-dish pizza chain with nearly 50 locations. Malnati jokes that he was probably conceived in a restaurant, and growing up, he says he worked every job at Lou Malnati’s. For most young people aspiring to jump into the hospitality industry, a successful chain with a devoted following would sound pretty good, but what’s most surprising about Malnati is that he’s worked hard to make his own name, quietly opening some of New York’s most popular restaurants in the process.
After studying at the Cornell School of Hotel Administration, Malnati moved to Manhattan and started working for the EMM Group, helping to launch massive Meatpacking District club-restaurants Abe & Arthur’s and Catch. At that point, even though he was only in his mid-20s, Malnati felt ready to open his own business. He teamed up with a friend, Doug Jacob, and found a massive space at 85 Tenth Avenue, “right next to the big boys” — Del Posto and Colicchio & Sons. The landlord had three vacant spaces, and said he’d give them a good deal if they took all of them.
It was clearly too big for Malnati and Jacob (who recently parted ways) to manage on their own, so they reached out to industry veterans, including Eleven Madison Park’s Will Guidara and Daniel Humm. Surprisingly, it was television personality Rachael Ray who set Toro New York into motion; a mutual friend told her about Jacob and Malnati and the space, and she recommended Ken Oringer and Jamie Bissonnette, who had three restaurants in Boston and multiple James Beard Awards. There were lines out of the door at Toro, their small, Spanish-tapas concept, every night.
As Bissonnette recalls: “We looked at the space and could see the ghosts of restaurant guests’ future. We met with Will, and he was young and energetic — he has this personality that draws you to him. We had drinks, and he just seemed like a great guy.” Bissonnette acknowledges that Will’s personal branding (heavy on the glamour shots and celebrity friendships — very millennial restaurateur) doesn’t capture his competence and sincerity. “He’s like the Matrix: At first you see him, and you’re like, I don’t get it, and then all of a sudden everything makes sense, and you’re like, Oh my god, I can dodge bullets with him by my side. He’s so endearing. Plus, he’s the prince of pizza!”
Malnati plays down any Neo comparisons, and instead says the partnership worked because it made good business sense. “Other people had tried with them before,” he explains. “I think the space was so beautiful and unique that they realized it could be something great. But bringing a concept to New York is never an easy task. It’s the 2.0 version of Boston. I told them that I thought a combination of our skills could make a big space like this work. Somehow, we convinced them. Maybe it was the tequila.”
Will and his dad, Marc. Photo: Noah Fecks
With Toro, Malnati tapped his parents for support, both emotional and — always important in the world of Manhattan restaurants — financial, but just so he could have enough money to create an initial drawing to present to the building’s contractors. The big space (and New York rent) for Toro really became feasible after securing a small group of investors who “loved the Toro brand and had already been established.” Malnati also turned one of the building’s spaces into Willow Road — a small, American gastropub that he opened just three months after signing the lease for the space that included Toro. It closed in 2014, after two years, because Malnati says there were no economies of scale. “A small space just sucks, period,” he says. “You put in everything you possibly could to try to make it work, and break even at the end of the day. It’s a tough pill to swallow.”
Toro, though, has been a big hit since it opened in 2013, and Malnati’s worlds collided on Wednesday, when he hosted a Lou Malnati’s pop-up at the restaurant. His father, Marc, flew in to cook the pizza (he shipped five gallons of water to make it as accurate as possible). Initially planned as a private dinner for around 80 people, demand — they received 200 emails a day from New Yorkers begging for reservations — led them to hold it in Toro’s main room, serving 300 people.
Even as Malnati has asserted his independence from Lou Malnati’s, he credits his ties to the empire for his success. “I think there’s something to be said about growing up inside of a restaurant, literally,” Malnati says. “Especially in Lou Malnati’s, where culture is king. That’s why the company continues to grow and prosper, and why it has over 100 employees who’ve been there for 20 years.” Bissonnette agrees, “He’s got hospitality in him.” On the night of the pop-up, when a customer expressed outrage that one pizza was meant to be shared between two people, Malnati told him, “I am going to make it my personal duty to make sure you leave having had enough.” Every five minutes, he returned to add more slices to the man’s plate, stacking them on top of one another. “At the end of his meal, there was still half a slice left on his plate,” Malnati remembers. “I walked over and said, ‘Hey, you better finish that slice.’ He did. Slowly. He was laughing, and he and his friends left, very full, having had a great time.”
He opened Toro in 2013, when he was in his 20s. Photo: Noah Fecks
Malnati does spend time thinking about if he should take over the family business. “Of course there’s desire, and of course there are conversations,” he says. “The company’s massive, so it’s a lot different now — 3,500 employees, almost 50 locations. They sold 5 million pizzas last year!” He says it’s daunting to think about running a company that size, which is a major change from a 120-seat restaurant. “It’s not easy. I think I’ve learned a lot thus far. We’re starting to expand Toro internationally [to Bangkok, and soon, Dubai]. There’s a lot that I still want to learn. Anything is a possibility.”
But if there was any doubt, Wednesday’s pop-up proved that there’s a loyal Lou Malnati’s audience in New York. “I’ve started whispering to my dad, ‘Lou Malnati’s NYC,’” Malnati says, smiling. “Like, look, if we can pull that off — I’m just saying, maybe, it’s worth looking at some spaces.”
will malnati
This Chicago Pizza Heir Made His Name As an NYC Restaurateur
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Semantic View (JSON, JSONLD, RDF, N3/Turtle, N-Triples) Representative Images: 1 2
Evans, Frederick Henry (English photographer, 1853-1943)
Note: Born 26 June 1853; died 24 June 1943. Member of the Linked Ring, London, 1900. Evans was noted for his photographs of the interiors of cathedrals in England and France.
Evans, Frederick Henry (preferred,V,index)
Frederick Henry Evans (V,display)
Evans, Frederick H. (V,LC)
Frederick H. Evans (V)
British (modern) (preferred)
Born: London (Greater London, England, United Kingdom) (inhabited place)
Died: London (Greater London, England, United Kingdom) (inhabited place)
........ Evans, Frederick Henry (I)
(English photographer, 1853-1943) ..... [VP Preferred]
(English photographer; born London (England, United Kingdom), 1853; died London (England, United Kingdom), 1943) ..... [CCA]
(British artist, 19th cent.) ..... [WCP]
(British artist, op.19th c.) ..... [WCI]
(British photographer, 1853-1943) ..... [BHA]
(British, 1853-1943) ..... [JPGM]
(British artist, 19th century) ..... [WL-Courtauld]
(British photographer, 1853-1943) ..... [AVERY]
(English photographer, 1853-1943) ..... [Grove Art]
(artist) ..... [GRL]
(British artist, 1853-1943) ..... [MoMA]
Evans, Frederick H. ........ [AVERY Preferred, CCA Preferred, GRL Preferred, Grove Art Preferred, MoMA, WCI Preferred, WCP Preferred, WL-Courtauld Preferred]
....................................... Artists, Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) New York (2000-)
....................................... Avery Authority files (1963-)
....................................... Grove Art artist database (1989-)
....................................... Library of Congress Authorities database (n.d.) n 84168451
....................................... Library of Congress Authorities online (2002-)
Evans, Frederick Henry ........ [BHA Preferred, CCA, Grove Art, JPGM Preferred, VP Preferred]
............................................. Grove Art artist database (1989-)
............................................. J. Paul Getty Museum, collections online (2000-)
Frederick Henry Evans ........ [VP]
........................................... J. Paul Getty Museum, collections online (2000-)
Frederick H. Evans ........ [CCA, GRL, MoMA Preferred, VP, WL-Courtauld]
..................................... Artists, Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) New York (2000-)
..................................... Canadian Centre for Architecture database
Subject: ........ [AVERY, BHA, CCA, Gallery Systems, GRL, Grove Art, JPGM, MoMA, VP, WCI, WCP, WL-Courtauld]
.................... Auer, Encyclopédie des Photographes (1985)
.................... Eastman House Database [online] (n.d.)
.................... Gernsheim, History of Photography from the Camera Obscura (1969)
.................... Grove Art artist database (1989-)
.................... Hammond, Frederick H. Evans (1992)
.................... J. Paul Getty Museum, collections online (2000-)
.................... Library of Congress Authorities online (2002-)
.................... Newhall, Frederick H. Evans (1964)
.................... Newhall, History of Photography (1982)
.................... RLIN bks file: NYMA90-B22127
English .......... [AVERY, CCA, VP]
.......... Auer, Encyclopédie des Photographes (1985)
.......... Hammond, Frederick H. Evans (1992) overleaf
.......... RLIN bks file: NYMA90-B22127
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Gil on #IWD17: Domestic abuse and violence against women top concern for SNP government
MSP Gil Paterson has spoken out about the contribution women make to Scotland but insisted there is still work to be done in achieving gender equality.
It comes as the world celebrates International Women’s Day today, March 6, with the theme Women Changing the World of Work: Planet 50-50.
Mr Paterson told how he is proud of the SNP government, which created the first 50-50 political cabinet the United Kingdom has ever seen.
The Clydebank and Milngavie MSP backed a motion by the Scottish Government outlining support for International Women’s Day.
Mr Paterson said: “Scotland is leading the way when it comes to gender equality – being one of the handful of nations guided by a 50:50 Cabinet.
“In terms of the United Kingdom, we are well ahead in closing the gender pay gap, which is 6.2 per cent in Scotland and 9.4 per cent in the UK.
“The SNP government is giving women opportunities more than ever to get back into work, especially with free child care and its planned expansion to double by 2020.
“Scotland has many women in positions of political power, with all major Holyrood parties led by women. Not many chambers in the world see three women clashing once a week, heading all of the largest groups there – that is incredibly rare.
“We still have work to do though when it comes to gender equality – concerns like domestic abuse and violence against women are at the top of the SNP government’s priorities, with a new Bill coming soon to tackle it.
“The economy committee, which I am in, is running a consultation on the gender gap and the effect it has on Scotland’s economy. It is practical measures like this that will help understand and narrow it.
“I fully support International Women’s Day and commend the Scottish Government for throwing its weight behind it.”
Motion:
S5M-04440 Angela Constance: International Women's Day--That the Parliament unites, ahead of UN International Women’s Day on 8 March 2017, to reaffirm its commitment to upholding and protecting the rights of women, which are fundamental human rights; welcomes this year's theme, Women in the Changing World of Work: Planet 50-50 by 2030, which seeks to ensure that women are empowered to take up the opportunities of work and ensure that the barriers to women entering and progressing in the workplace at all levels and in all sectors are addressed; notes the work of the Scottish Government to ensure and increase equality in the workplace, and welcomes research that shows that increasing female leadership and gender equality in the workforce can benefit the workplace, society and the economy.
Supported by: Kevin Stewart*, Jeane Freeman*
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About BA Harris
Resources for businesses
Buckner A. Harris, CPA, Partner - A graduate of the College of Idaho with a Bachelor of Arts degree, Buck has over 35 years of experience in public accounting having worked in a large, international firm as well as the small firm environment, providing services to both businesses and individuals. Buck is an active member of a local Rotary club and has served on the board of several charitable non-profit organizations. Buck is also a member of the Construction Finance Management Association, Idaho Society of CPA’s and the American Institute of CPA’s.
Arla A. Kester, CPA, Partner – Arla is a graduate of the University of Utah where she received a Bachelor of Science degree. Arla joined BA Harris in 1998 after having gained valuable experience in private industry including hospitality, recreation, retail and service. She has extensive expertise in and services a large number of clients investing and operating in the real estate industry as well as handling many of the firm’s trust and estate clients. Arla is a member of the Boise Estate Planning Council, Idaho Society of CPA’s and the American Institute of CPA’s.
Tyler Nyman, CPA, MBA, Partner – Tyler is a graduate of the University of Washington where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree. He received a Masters of Business Administration from Seattle University. Tyler spent 10 years in public accounting in the Seattle area before moving to Boise. Tyler joined BA Harris in 2009. Tyler is a member of the Idaho Society of CPA’s and the American Institute of CPA’s.
Karris A. Kimball, CPA, MAcc – Karris is a graduate of San Francisco State University where she received a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration. She has over 10 years private sector experience in the music industry and real estate from her time spent in the Bay Area. After returning home to Boise, she received a Masters of Accountancy from Boise State University. Karris started her tax career at Deloitte, transitioned to the private sector to work at URS, and has joined BA Harris for a return to public accounting. She is a member of the Idaho Society of CPA's and the American Institute of CPA's.
Michelle Britain – Michelle attended College of Western Idaho where she studied business. Beginning her career in accounting in 1999, she has since worked in human resources and joined BA Harris in 2017. She has extensive experience in employee relations, recruiting and performance management. As our Firm Administrator, Michelle oversees large client bookkeeping and payrolls, as well as all firm finances. Michelle is an Idaho native and enjoys riding her dirt bike with her family, as well as anything outdoors. Michelle is a member of Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) and Human Resources Association of Treasure Valley (HRATV).
Natalie Brodie – Natalie is a graduate of the University of Idaho where she received a Bachelor of Science degree in Organizational Science and Communications. After living in the Boise area her entire life, Natalie moved to Bangkok, Thailand where she worked as a teacher at an international school. Joining BA Harris in 2017 as the Office Administrator, she greets our clients with her affable and warm personality. Natalie also works with individuals and small businesses on payroll and tax needs. Natalie is a member of Boise Young Professionals and enjoys volunteering in the community.
Shawn Ryan Doan, CPA – Shawn is a graduate of San Diego State University where she received a Bachelor of Science degree. Shawn has extensive experience in public accounting, beginning her career in 1994 and joining BA Harris in 2006. Shawn works primarily with the firm’s small business and commercial construction contractor clients on both accounting and tax matters. Shawn is a member of the Idaho Society of CPA’s and the American Institute of CPA’s.
Tara O’Connor, CPA – Tara is a graduate of Whitman College where she received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics. She spent three years at Ibbotson Associates in Chicago, where she was involved in the development and preparation of Ibbotson’s widely recognized valuation and investment publications. After returning to Boise, Tara spent three years as an accountant in the private sector before transitioning into public accounting in 2006. Tara works primarily with individual and closely-held business clients.
Aaron Lavarias – Aaron is a graduate from the University of Idaho where he received his Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting. While attending the U of I, Aaron was a member of the varsity football program and was recognized as an All-Conference athlete, as well as an Academic All-American. Aaron joined BA Harris in 2017 after spending six years as a professional football player for the New England Patriots of the NFL, and the Montreal Alouettes of the CFL. Now retired from professional sports, Aaron lives in Boise with his wife and son, and is currently working towards obtaining his CPA license.
Greg Stalling, CPA, MBA – Greg is a graduate of the College of Idaho where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Business, and later graduated with a Master of Business Administration from Northwest Nazarene University. Greg started in the banking industry with US Bank in its Commercial Loan Department, worked as a Staff Auditor for a brief period with the State of Idaho, then moved to tax and spent over four years at URS/AECOM as a Tax Accountant in Boise and Los Angeles. Joining BA Harris in 2016, Greg and his wife Maresa have returned to their native Idaho. Greg is a member of the Idaho Society of CPA's and the American Institute of CPA's.
Please contact us for more information about what we can do to help your business or your individual needs. We’d love to to meet and talk with you.
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Copyright 2019 B.A. Harris, LLP. All Rights Reserved.
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Home Research > Members > 1660-1690 > STONEHOUSE, Duke (c.1601-63)
STONEHOUSE, Duke (c.1601-63), of Stock House, Great Bedwyn, Wilts.
GREAT BEDWYN
1661 - 9 Feb. 1663
b. c.1601, o.s. of Nicholas Stonhouse of Boxley Kent and Clerkenwell, Mdx. by Joan, da. of Richard Duke of Otterton, Devon. educ. Trinity, Oxf. 1617; I. Temple 1620. m. c.1649, Sarah, da. of Francis Goddard of South Standen, Wilts., 5s. (3 d.v.p.), 5da. suc. fa. 1641, kinsman Sir Walter Smith at Great Bedwyn 1648.1
J.p. Wilts. Mar. 1660-d., commr. for militia Mar. 1660, assessment Aug. 1660-d., corporations 1662-3.2
Stonehouse's father, the uncle of Sir George Stonhouse*, died on the eve of the Civil War, desiring God to bless his four children 'and that little I leave behind me'. Boxley and all his personal went to provide dowries for the three unmarried daughters, while their middle-aged brother was to receive nothing till the death of his mother, and continued to live in chamber at the Temple. He is not known to have taken part in the Civil War, but probably shared the royalist sympathies of his kinsman Sir Walter Smith, Member for Great Badwyn in the Long Parliament, whose composition he helped to prosecute. On Smith's death he presumably inherited or renewed his lease of Stock manor in Great Bedwyn, which he held under the Hungerfords; but far more valuable was the town property, chiefly in St. Sepulchre's and St. Dunstan's parishes. He did not enter public life till he was nearly sixty, but at the general election of 1661 he was returned for Great Bedwyn on both indentures. He was not an active Member, being named only to the committee of elections and privileges and perhaps two others; but his appointment to the local commission for corporations shows that he was acceptable to the Court. He died on 9 Feb. 1663 and was buried at Great Bedwyn.3
Author: John. P. Ferris
1. Vis. Kent (Harl. Soc. xlii), 71; Coll. Top. et Gen. v. 35; St. James Clerkenwell (Harl. Soc. Reg. xvii), 245; Misc. Gen et Her. (ser. 5), v. 127.
2. B. H. Cunnington, Annals of Devizes, i. 133.
3. PCC 10 Evelyn, 23 Juxon; Keeler, Long Parl. 343-4; Wilts. Arch. Mag. vi. 302; SP23/174, ff. 654, 669.
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Home Research > Members > 1790-1820 > GOLDSWORTHY, Philip (?1737-1801)
GOLDSWORTHY, Philip (?1737-1801), of Stable Yard, St. James's, Westminster.
Published in The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1790-1820, ed. R. Thorne, 1986
2 Feb. 1785 - Jan. 1788
15 Feb. 1794 - 4 Jan. 1801
b. ?1737, s. of Burrington Goldsworthy, consul at Leghorn and Cadiz, by Philippia, da. of Capt. Philip Vanburgh, RN. educ. Westminster 1749-54; Trinity Coll. Camb. 10 Oct. 1755, aged 18; L. Inn 1755. unm. suc. to estates of his aunt Martha, wid. of Francis Gashry† 1777.
Cornet 1 Drag. 1756, lt. 1760, capt. 1768, maj. 1776, lt.-col. 1779, col. 1794-d.; brevet-col. 1784, maj-gen. 1793, lt.-gen. 1799.
Equerry to the King 1779; first equerry and clerk marshal of the mews 1788-d.
Goldsworthy, a superior officer at one time of the 10th Earl of Pembroke’s son, Lord Herbert, was returned for Wilton in place of him in 1785. He was ‘very proper for the time’, but Pembroke did not ‘mean him to be the fixed Member’. So in 1788 he made way for his patron’s son. When Herbert succeeded his father in 1794, Goldsworthy was again returned for Wilton. As before, he could be expected to support administration, but without speaking, and his attendance must have been curtailed by recurrences of what he called ‘a visit from Poll, that is apoplexy’. By 1794 his constitution was ‘entirely broken up’.
‘The wag professed among the equerries’, according to Fanny Burney, he was ‘warmly and faithfully attached to the King and all the royal family’. He died 4 Jan. 1801.
Pembroke Pprs. ii. 360; Prince of Wales Corresp. ii. 814; iii. 1017; vi. 2511; Diary of Madame d’Arblay ed. Dobson, iii. 64.
Author: R. G. Thorne
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Cara Delevingne maintains anti-Coachella stance after Beyonce praise
Cara Delevingne has assured fans she’s still anti-Coachella after heaping praise on Beyonce’s headlining performance at the festival.
The model-turned-actress has enjoyed a trip to Indio, California for the festival in the past, but explained to her fans over the weekend (14-15Apr18) that she was boycotting the annual event because of the political views of Philip Anschutz, the controversial owner of AEG Live, who runs the festival, following reports the businessman has given financial support to conservative groups with anti-LGBTQ agendas.
Although she didn’t attend the festival, Cara still watched Beyonce’s headlining set on Saturday night on TV and posted a picture of the singer reuniting with her Destiny’s Child bandmates Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams on Instagram and confessed that she “burst into tears” watching the performance.
Users began criticizing the Suicide Squad star for praising Coachella shortly after blasting it, and she subsequently wrote a note on her Instagram Stories explaining that her love of Beyonce should be kept separate from her feelings about the Anschutz.
“Some people are commenting on the fact that i posted about my anger towards the owner of coachella and then about beyonce,” she wrote. “I still refuse to go to a festival that is owned by someone who is anti lgbt and pro gun. I am able to shame that man and the festival and show my appreciation of an artist at the same time.
“Just because i love beyonce doesn’t mean i now love coachella. I still wouldn’t go. And i will let nothing get in the way of me showing my love or hate for something. Don’t let anyone come between you and your truth.”
The 25-year-old, who is bisexual, also created a poll on her stories asking if Beyonce’s set made anybody else cry, and said it “sent shivers” down her spine and left her “speechless”.
#Beyoncé
#CaraDelevingne
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Platform: GameCube
Tags: Simulation
Developer: Maxis
More GameCube Games to Consider...
Harvest Moon: Magical Melody
System: GameCube; Reviews: 1
Release Date: March 28, 2006 (North America)
Release Date: September 17, 2002 (North America)
Harvest Moon: A Wonderful Life
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Composers > Germaine Tailleferre
by Georg Predota | April 4th, 2017
standard Germaine Tailleferre
April 4, 2017 By Interlude0 Comments
“Perhaps women have always been in closer contact with reality than men”
Germaine Tailleferre (1892-1983) was the sole female member of the intriguing group of young French composers eventually known as “Les Six.” Her association with “Les nouveaux jeunes” aside, Tailleferre was a prominent and prolific composer writing in a wide range of musical genres. Her memorable music for opera and ballet is augmented by piano concertos, symphonic works, solo piano pieces, music for small ensembles and well over 40 movie soundtracks. She left behind an extensive body of works representing almost 70 years of compositional engagement and over time forged a distinctive musical voice that valued clarity, spontaneity and charm. Tailleferre strongly believed that a composition would lack artistry if a listener couldn’t identify a composer’s style after three bars. “I write music because it amuses me,” Tailleferre suggested. “It’s not great music, I know, but it’s gay, light-hearted music which is sometimes compared with that of the “petits maîtres” of the 18th century. And that makes me very proud.”
Currently, Tailleferre is considered the “most important French woman composer of all time.” This appreciation, however, has only been forged during the 21st- century, and its cultural reinterpretation and revival of her music. Born Marcelle Taillefesse at Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, Val-de-Marne, France, her early years were marked by persistent struggles against her father. He considered music an unworthy pursuit, and a “woman studying music” he once remarked, “was no better than her becoming a streetwalker.” She eventually changed her name to spite her father, but never forgave him for his inflexible attitude towards her artistic gifts. Embittered, “she is said to have regarded his demise in 1916 as something of a relief.” Despites her father’s strong opposition, she began her study of piano and solfege at the Paris Conservatory in 1912, and immediately won various prizes in counterpoint and harmony. Tailleferre quickly caught the eyes of her fellow students Darius Milhaud, Georges Auric and Arthur Honneger. Upon the publication of her first string quartet in 1918, she was welcomed as a major talent into the private musical club that eventually blossomed into “Les Six.”
Les Six
Credit: https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/
Tailleferre rubbed shoulders with the greatest creative minds of her time. She was a close friend of Maurice Ravel and Erik Satie, a favorite of Jean Cocteau and acquainted with Aaron Copland. Her circle of friends included Igor Stravinsky, Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Guillaume Apollinaire, George Balanchine and Sergei Diaghilev, among numerous others. She once remarked that Picasso gave her the “best lesson in composition” she ever received as he told her to “constantly renew yourself; avoid using the recipes that you have already found.” Many of her most important works emerged during the 1920’s, including the First Piano Concerto, the Harp Concertino, the ballets Le marchand d’oiseaux and La nouvelle Cythère, which was commissioned by Sergei Diaghilev for the Ballets Russes. These highly successful and critically acclaimed compositions were followed by the Concerto for Two Pianos, Chorus, Saxophones, and Orchestra, the Violin Concerto, the opera cycle Du style galant au style méchant, the operas Zoulaïna and Le marin de Bolivar, and La cantate de Narcisse, in collaboration with esteemed French poet Paul Valéry.
Wanting to breathe new life into her career, Tailleferre moved to New York in 1925. Leopold Stokowski, Willem Mengelberg, Serge Koussevitzky, and Alfred Cortot performed her compositions, and her short-lived marriage to the New Yorker magazine artist Ralph Barton further enhanced her celebrity status. Musically reinvigorated and her marriage in tatters she returned to France, but World War II brought her once again to the United States. The war years severely stifled her musical creativity and productivity, and affected a fundamental cultural and artistic dislocation. Upon her return to France in 1946 Tailleferre continued to compose orchestral works, ballet and chamber music. However, most of these works were published posthumously with a substantial number of her compositions still unknown today. She nevertheless continued to compose until a few weeks before her death in 1983, and her last work Concerto de la fidelité pour coloratura soprano et orchestra premiered at the Paris Opera in 1982. Her music never failed to give voice to an extended French artistic tradition, and the seductive grace and charm of her work are perhaps best summed up by Cocteau’s famous assessment of Tailleferre “as the musical equivalent to painter Marie Laurencin.”
Germaine Tailleferre: Ballade pour Piano et Orchestre
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