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Assessment of a rapid liquid-based cytology method for measuring sputum cell counts
Research letter
M J Martin1,
H Lee1,
G Meakin1,
A Green1,
R L Simms1,
C Reynolds1,
S Winters2,
D E Shaw1,
I Soomro2,
T W Harrison1
1 The Asthma Centre, Nottingham Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
2 Department of Cellular Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
Correspondence to Professor Tim Harrison, Room B23, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Rd, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK;tim.harrison{at}nottingham.ac.uk
Differential sputum cell counting is not widely available despite proven clinical utility in the management of asthma. We compared eosinophil counts obtained using liquid-based cytology (LBC), a routine histopathological processing method, and the current standard method. Eosinophil counts obtained using LBC were a strong predictor of sputum eosinophilia (≥3%) determined by the standard method suggesting LBC could be used in the management of asthma.
Histology/Cytology
Contributors TWH had full access to all the data in the study, is the guarantor of the content of the manuscript, including the data and analysis, and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis, including any adverse effects. TWH and IS designed the study. HL, GM, AG, RLS, CR and SW contributed substantially to data collection. Sputum samples were processed by HL, GM, AG, RLS and SW and counted by HL, AG, RLS and IS. MJM, DES and TWH contributed substantially to data analysis and interpretation and the writing of the manuscript.
Ethics approval Nottingham Research Ethics Committee 1 (REC: 08/H0407/2).
Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/
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Who said: “The Columbia is lost; there are no survivors.”
Ronald Reagan George W. Bush Bill Clinton more quiz questions >>
Home > Category Index for Science Quotations > Category Index C > Category: Contraction
Contraction Quotes (15 quotes)
All living organisms are but leaves on the same tree of life. The various functions of plants and animals and their specialized organs are manifestations of the same living matter. This adapts itself to different jobs and circumstances, but operates on the same basic principles. Muscle contraction is only one of these adaptations. In principle it would not matter whether we studied nerve, kidney or muscle to understand the basic principles of life. In practice, however, it matters a great deal.
— Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
'Muscle Research', Scientific American, 1949, 180 (6), 22.
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An induction shock results in a contraction or fails to do so according to its strength; if it does so at all, it produces in the muscle at that time the maximal contraction that can result from stimuli of any strength.
— H. P. Bowditch
Über die Eigentümlichkeiten der Reizbarkeit welche die Muskelfasern des Herzen zeigen', Ber. süchs. Akad. Wiss., Math.-nat Klasse, 1871, 23, 652-689. Trans. Edwin Clarke and C. D. O'Malley, The Human Brain and Spinal Cord (1968), 218.
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Any successful international negotiation for reducing emissions must be based on four principles: the precautionary principle, the principle of sustainable development, the polluter-pays principle and the principle of equity. The strength of 'contraction and convergence' is that it satisfies all these principles.
— Sir John Houghton
In The Independent (10 Aug 2003).
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Anyone informed that the universe is expanding and contracting in pulsations of eighty billion years has a right to ask. What's in it for me?
— Peter De Vries
The Glory of the Hummingbird (1974), 6. In Bill Swainson, Encarta book of Quotations (2000), 265.
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At the planet’s very heart lies a solid rocky core, at least five times larger than Earth, seething with the appalling heat generated by the inexorable contraction of the stupendous mass of material pressing down to its centre. For more than four billion years Jupiter’s immense gravitational power has been squeezing the planet slowly, relentlessly, steadily, converting gravitational energy into heat, raising the temperature of that rocky core to thirty thousand degrees, spawning the heat flow that warms the planet from within. That hot, rocky core is the original protoplanet seed from the solar system’s primeval time, the nucleus around which those awesome layers of hydrogen and helium and ammonia, methane, sulphur compounds and water have wrapped themselves.
— Ben Bova
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Compounds of gaseous substances with each other are always formed in very simple ratios, so that representing one of the terms by unity, the other is 1, 2, or at most 3 ... The apparent contraction of volume suffered by gas on combination is also very simply related to the volume of one of them.
— Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
Mémoires de la Société d' Arcueil, 1809, 2, 233-4. Trans. Foundations of the Molecular Theory, Alembic Club Reprint, no. 4 (1950), 24.
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Describing laughter: The sound is produced by a deep inspiration followed by short, interrupted, spasmodic contractions of the chest, and especially the diaphragm... the mouth is open more or less widely, with the corners drawn much backwards, as well as a little upwards; and the upper lip is somewhat raised.
The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals
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In man, then, let us take the amount that is extruded by the individual beats, and that cannot return into the heart because of the barrier set in its way by the valves, as half an ounce, or three drachms, or at least one drachm. In half an hour the heart makes over a thousand beats; indeed, in some individuals, and on occasion, two, three, or four thousand. If you multiply the drachms per beat by the number of beats you will see that in half an hour either a thousand times three drachms or times two drachms, or five hundred ounces, or other such proportionate quantity of blood has been passed through the heart into the arteries, that is, in all cases blood in greater amount than can be found in the whole of the body. Similarly in the sheep or the dog. Let us take it that one scruple passes in a single contraction of the heart; then in half an hour a thousand scruples, or three and a half pounds of blood, do so. In a body of this size, as I have found in the sheep, there is often not more than four pounds of blood.
In the above sort of way, by calculating the amount of blood transmitted [at each heart beat] and by making a count of the beats, let us convince ourselves that the whole amount of the blood mass goes through the heart from the veins to the arteries and similarly makes the pulmonary transit.
Even if this may take more than half an hour or an hour or a day for its accomplishment, it does nevertheless show that the beat of the heart is continuously driving through that organ more blood than the ingested food can supply, or all the veins together at any time contain.
De Motu Cordis (1628), The Circulation of the Blood and Other Writings, trans. Kenneth J. Franklin (1957), Chapter 9, 62-3.
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One of my inventions was a large thermometer made of an iron rod, … The expansion and contraction of this rod was multiplied by a series of levers … so that the slightest change in the length of the rod was instantly shown on a dial about three feet wide multiplied about thirty-two thousand times. The zero-point was gained by packing the rod in wet snow. The scale was so large that … the temperature read while we were ploughing in the field below the house.
— James Patrick Muirhead
From The Story of My Boyhood and Youth (1913), 258-259. One of the inventions made while growing up on his father’s farm, before he left the year after he was 21.
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Since the stomach gives no obvious external sign of its workings, investigators of gastric movements have hitherto been obliged to confine their studies to pathological subjects or to animals subjected to serious operative interference. Observations made under these necessarily abnormal conditions have yielded a literature which is full of conflicting statements and uncertain results. The only sure conclusion to be drawn from this material is that when the stomach receives food, obscure peristaltic contractions are set going, which in some way churn the food to a liquid chyme and force it into the intestines. How imperfectly this describes the real workings of the stomach will appear from the following account of the actions of the organ studied by a new method. The mixing of a small quantity of subnitrate of bismuth with the food allows not only the contractions of the gastric wall, but also the movements of the gastric contents to be seen with the Röntgen rays in the uninjured animal during normal digestion.
— Walter Bradford Cannon
In 'The Movements of the Stomach Studied by Means of the Röntgen Rays,' American Journal of Physiology (1898), 1, 359-360.
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The blood in the animal body is impelled in a circle and is in a state of ceaseless motion … and that it is the sole and only end of the motion and contraction of the heart.
In On the Motion of the Heart and Blood (1628) as in edition based on the translation by Willis, Alex. Bowie (ed.), (1889), 71.
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The law of the heart is thus the same as the law of muscular tissue generally, that the energy of contraction, however measured, is a function of the length of the muscle fibre.
— Ernest Henry Starling
The Linacre Lecture on the Law of the Heart (1918), 142.
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The role of inhibition in the working of the central nervous system has proved to be more and more extensive and more and more fundamental as experiment has advanced in examining it. Reflex inhibition can no longer be regarded merely as a factor specially developed for dealing with the antagonism of opponent muscles acting at various hinge-joints. Its role as a coordinative factor comprises that, and goes beyond that. In the working of the central nervous machinery inhibition seems as ubiquitous and as frequent as is excitation itself. The whole quantitative grading of the operations of the spinal cord and brain appears to rest upon mutual interaction between the two central processes 'excitation' and 'inhibition', the one no less important than the other. For example, no operation can be more important as a basis of coordination for a motor act than adjustment of the quantity of contraction, e.g. of the number of motor units employed and the intensity of their individual tetanic activity. This now appears as the outcome of nice co-adjustment of excitation and inhibition upon each of all the individual units which cooperate in the act.
— Sir Charles Scott Sherrington
Inhibition as a Coordinative Factor', Nobel Lecture (12 Dec 1932). Nobel Lectures: Physiology or Medicine 1922-1941 (1965), 288.
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The skeletal striated muscle cell of amphibia therefore resembles the cardiac striated muscle cell in the property of “all or none” contraction. The difference which renders it possible to obtain 'submaximal' contractions from a whole skeletal muscle but not from a whole heart is not a difference in the functional capabilities of the two types of cell; it depends upon the fact that cardiac muscle cells are connected one with another, whereas skeletal muscle cells are isolated by their sarcolemma. The 'submaximal' contraction of a skeletal muscle is the maximal contraction of less than all its fibres.
— Keith Lucas
'The “All or None” Contraction of the Amphibian Skeletal Muscle Fibre', Journal of Physiology (1909), 38, 133.
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[1.] And first I suppose that there is diffused through all places an aethereal substance capable of contraction & dilatation, strongly elastick, & in a word, much like air in all respects, but far more subtile.
2. I suppose this aether pervades all gross bodies, but yet so as to stand rarer in their pores then in free spaces, & so much ye rarer as their pores are less ...
3. I suppose ye rarer aether within bodies & ye denser without them, not to be terminated in a mathematical superficies, but to grow gradually into one another.
— Sir Isaac Newton
Letter to Robert Boyle (28 Feb 1678/9). In H. W. Turnbull (ed.), The Correspondence of Isaac Newton, 1676-1687 (1960), Vol. 2, 289.
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Stone Crusher / company profile on coal mines
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Ms. June Heusner- Making a difference by: Aria Lightfoot
Belize is faced with the most turmoil I can remember since Independence. Some people have predicted a dire future for our youths and country. Sometimes it may appear in the backdrop of a diminished economic climate, wavering values, corruption and a failing justice system the future seems uncertain. However, as long as there is life there is hope. There are people who are fighting for Belize. There are grass root activists in our communities whose work goes unnoticed, unappreciated or under-appreciated.
This month on Twocanview, I want to highlight an unsung Belizean hero, a fighter, an advocate, a mother, grandmother, godmother and second mother to many people who have the opportunity to know her. I would like to introduce you to Ms. June Heusner. A woman I admire immensely and have adopted as my second mother. A woman ions ahead of her time, a trailblazer in her own right.
Ms. June, as she is affectionately known, has that special something. She is a Belizean patriot, She has a passionate love for Belize, she is genuine, she is a fighter and she believes in her causes. She is a community leader, she is respected by just about everyone in my generation and almost every resident of Belmopan has encountered Ms. June Heusner through her many hats she has worn throughout the years.
If you are not from Belmopan, you probably have never heard of Ms. June Heusner. A very jovial, caring, passionate soul; a single mother who successfully raised four daughters on her own and a political secret weapon for the United Democratic Party in Belmopan.
Ms. June was not always the community activist. She was a secretary in the Public Service and a young single mother with 3 daughters. She recalls being a card holding member of the PUP in her teenage years but defected during Heads of Agreement of 1981. Her decision to take a moral and patriotic stand during time and protest the controversial agreement cost Ms. June her job, some associates and friends in Belmopan, a predominantly conservative public service community. It was brave of her to step outside her comfort zone, risk her job security, friends, and future to fight for what she deeply believed in. That moment in Belize’s history sparked something in Ms. June that lives today. Today Belizeans may be faced with a similar quandary with the ICJ vote.
As a community activist, Ms. June’s fulfillment is increasing the quality of life of those around her. She has contributed immeasurably to the youth population in Belmopan. She spearheaded Brownies, the Girl Guides, Rangers, and she formulated the most fun and positive youth group of my generation. She has been on the Board of RECONDEV in Belmopan; Manager of Convention Hotel and today she is manager, owner and operator of “Sunshine” daycare where she has provided and still providing care for hundreds of Belmopan children.
Ms. June’s daughter, Tiffany, recounted fond memories when they were in Brownies, Girl Guides and Rangers. Ms. June would raise funds to take them camping in different places in Belize. They would visit Mountain Pine Ridge, the Caves, Orange Walk, and Corozal. She recalls getting to places in cane trucks and pick up backs…Ms. June had them performing community services and organizing rallies. Ms. June’s energy was endless and positive.
I recall in my teenage days in Belmopan, Ms. June would have us painting the hospital, tree stumps, planting, beautifying Belmopan; visiting Salvapan (now Maya Mopan), when it was nothing but a trail into bushes, so we could to help families who were destitute. My first summer job was working with Ms. June. Every year as a teenager, Ms. June would take our youth group to St. George’s Caye for an unforgettable Easter week. Ms. June would raise funds; reach out to just about every person she knew to make the trip happen. One year we went to Belize City in a big dump truck, and then one of her fishermen brothers took us out to the Cayes. Out at the Cayes, we had no running water, no toilets, no electricity, no stove or refrigerator- and it was the best week of our lives. Writing this piece I realize Ms. June kept quite a few youths involved in so many projects that we did not have time to become bored and menaces.
In 1992 Ms. June introduced me to the political arena, a place I find much fascination. She had me on the campaign trails, attending conventions, speeches, and going door-to-door campaigning. Her energy and drive is contagious. The small unprofessional team worked hard and planned their campaign strategy while I listened with amazement. It felt like a race, the rush of being involved. This campaign trail experience was priceless. Our candidate won by one vote.
Ms. June is a straight shooter and has gained the trust of many who reach out to her for her advice. I believe she was pivotal in John Saldivar winning the General Election of 2012. Many Belmopan residents I spoke to see John as arrogant and aloof, but Ms. June counters that with a proven trust she has earned in different sectors in the Belmopan Community over her many years of community activism. I recall on election night I was sitting in Belmopan at Ms. June’s house as she celebrated the win of the UDP. That night, John became unreachable by phone, John did not take the time that night to thank her or her campaign team, immersed deeply in his victory I guess.
Speaking to Ms. June, she utters some disappointments in the way she is treated at times but she remains a faithful soldier to the cause. I would tease Ms. June and tell her that she should be living in a big house, with lots of money- but I know Ms. June does not do what she does for personal gain. She has children and grandchildren, nieces and nephews. A future of opportunities is what she wants for her children. Ms. June also believes that women are important in our society. Women raise children and are the hallmark of many families; a woman’s self-esteem is key to providing a strong family unit and building our future in Belize.
Ms. June taught me very important lessons. The love of Belize is key to build it; youths are important and they can make a difference, the love of people regardless of their standing in society, and spirit of perseverance. Ms. June never expects anything in return and for the most part, she gets nothing tangible. However, Ms. June beams with pride when any of her hundreds of kids achieves, or make a difference in society; she bawls when any of her kids passes away, like Keino recently.
I have tremendous admiration for Ms. June Heusner. In our society we don’t realize the people who are always doing for the simple fact that they are always doing. We don’t realize their impact because they continue to silently toil; we don’t appreciate their efforts because we don’t care; we don’t say thank you because we think they are obligated. Well thank you Ms. June Heusner for all you have contributed to Belmopan, you are appreciated and loved by many who know you. Irrespective of your political, religious or social leanings, you can make an impact in your community and Ms. June proves it daily. “A small act of kindness is more powerful than a thousand bowed head in prayers.
Belizean Politics, Community Outreach
Aria Lightfoot, Belmopan, June Heusner
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5 thoughts on “Ms. June Heusner- Making a difference by: Aria Lightfoot”
Carla Russell-Killam
Great piece Aria, I would also like to add Ms. June’s role in successfully helping with pageant winners myself being one of them. I also know she was very instrumental in Gayla Fuller’s winnings as well.
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Marva
Very inspiring and touching. Thanks for this beautiful article on a true Belize an Hero. May she continue to be blessed with a long healthy life. Thanks again Aria Light foot!
Your article brought me to tears. I know Ms. June and remember her as a dear friend of my mother. I love them both. May the good Lord continue to bless all single parents, mothers especially.
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Home Celebrity News
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Marvel Television
First Look at Gabriel Luna as Ghost Rider on Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.
By Keith Chow September 7, 2016 September 7, 2016
2 Comments on First Look at Gabriel Luna as Ghost Rider on Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.
One of the most buzzed about pieces of information to emerge out of San Diego Comic-Con over the summer happened when Marvel dropped a surprise teaser that revealed — some might say “confirmed” — that Ghost Rider was making his Marvel Cinematic Universe debut on ABC’s Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. this fall. And the All-New version of Ghost Rider, Robbie Reyes, is the one coming to the small screen. Now we know what Gabriel Luna is going to look like on the show.
As revealed exclusively by Entertainment Weekly, Luna’s Robbie Reyes costume is going to be a fairly accurate representation of what we see in the comics. Not only that, the car that was on display on the Comic-Con floor was pretty close to the flaming Dodge Charger of the comics as well!
In addition to a first look at Luna in costume, Marvel also released a brief synopsis of the upcoming season:
Gabriel Luna Guest Stars as Robbie Reyes — aka Ghost Rider. In the season premiere episode, “The Ghost,” Ghost Rider is coming, and S.H.I.E.L.D will never be the same.
Guest starring are Natalia Cordova-Buckley as Elena “Yo-Yo” Rodriguez, Gabriel Luna as Robbie Reyes, Mallory Jansen as Aida, Lorenzo James Henrie as Gabe, Briana Venskus as Agent Piper, Max Osinski as Agent Red, Ricardo Walker as Agent Prince, Edward Gelhaus as skinhead, Ian Hutton as Blondie, Blaise Miller as lab tech, Samuel Barajas as Felix, Bryan Rasmussen as warehouse manager, Wilson Ramirez as Diego, Jen Kuo Sung as Chen, Jerry Ying as thug #1 and Lilli Birdsell as Lucy.
A quick read of the guest stars in the premiere episode also reveals a big uptick in the number of POC characters who could have recurring roles this season — including the return of Yo-Yo (yay!) and the introduction of Fear the Walking Dead’s Lorenzo James Henrie as Robbie’s brother Gabe, another significant addition from the comics.
One of the things we’ve been critical about the Marvel live action universe has been its lack of diversity. Even though S.H.I.E.L.D. has one of the most diverse casts on television, it hasn’t been immune to certain tropes either. I even admit that I wasn’t the biggest fan of the show at the beginning, but over the last couple seasons, it has become one of my go-to series.
Having Robbie Reyes join a cast that includes Henry Simmons’ Mack, Ming-Na’s Agent May, and Chloe Bennet’s Quake might even make Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. my most anticipated primetime superhero show when it returns on September 20!
In the meantime, to get you more hyped for Ghost Rider’s television debut, let’s go back to 2014 and revisit the time we world premiered the now classic Adam WarRock track celebrating Robbie Reyes as the “Spirit of Vengeance” himself.
Tags: ABC Agents of SHIELD All-New Ghost Rider Chloe Bennet Entertainment Weekly Gabriel Luna Ghost Rider Henry Simmons Latino Latinx Superheroes Marvel Cinematic Universe Marvel Television Ming-Na Wen Robbie Reyes S.H.I.E.L.D.
Published by Keith Chow
Keith is the editor-in-chief of the pop culture blog The Nerds of Color, a co-editor of the Asian American Comics Anthologies Secret Identities and Shattered, host of the podcasts Hard NOC Life, Southern Fried Asian, and DC TV Classics, and one of the founders of WICOMICON. View all posts by Keith Chow
lkeke35 says:
I guess I’m going to be watching the new season of Agents this Fall. The show got on my spit list when in the first season when o got pissed off about the various racist tropes in the narrative but since third season I’ve been hearing that it greatly improved, and has more PoC, in it.
Is season three worth checking out before the new season?
Martin Suarez says:
I think they should save Johnny Blaze Ghost Rider for Netflix it has a lot of thematic content a little…adult for regular television. But great having Reyes as the TV Ghost Rider, it would be cool to see FitzSimmons try to explain the paranormal. Most of the villains so far have been rooted in…science instead of the supernatural.
Previous Entry Representation Is Heavy (But It Matters)
Next Entry #RyanPotterForTimDrake the Newest Fan Campaign for Representation
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A Certain Ratio to release career-spanning compilation on double vinyl
August 9, 2018 In News
Manchester’s punk-funk trail-blazers return.
A Certain Ratio have announced the release of career-spanning compilation acr:set on Mute, by sharing their first new track since 2008’s Mind Made Up.
Read more: An essential guide to A Certain Ratio in 10 records
The new track ‘Dirty Boy’ features Barry Adamson and the voice of Tony Wilson, and will be included on the compilation alongside a second new tune ‘Make It Happen’.
acr:set takes its name from featuring tracks included in the band’s live show, with rare 7” and 12” mixes of classics like ‘Wild Party’ and ‘Shack Up’, sleeve notes by DJ and writer Dave Haslam, and a signed photographic print.
Pressed onto green and silver double vinyl, acr:set is available to pre-order here ahead of its release on 12th October. Listen to ‘Dirty Boy’ and check out the tracklist below.
1. Do The Du (Casse) (1979)
2. Wild Party – 12” version (1985)
3. Flight – 12” version (1980)
4. And Then Again – 12” version (1980)
5. Forced Laugh (1981)
6. Wonder Y (1992)
7. Mickey Way (12” version, 1986)
8. 27 Forever – 7” version (1991)
9. Won’t Stop Loving You – Bernard Sumner mix (1990)
10. Good Together – 12” version (1990)
11. Be What You Wanna Be – 12” version (1990)
12. Shack Up – 7” version (1980)
13. The Fox – US 12” version (1980)
14. Knife Slits Water – 7” version (1982)
15. Si Firmir O Grido (1986)
16. Dirty Boy (Featuring Barry Adamson) (2018)
17. Make It Happen (2018)
Photo: Paul Husband
a creatin ratio
punk funk
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10 new albums to look out for in March
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info@thewillowsguesthouse.com
The Willows Guesthouse
Bambers Green CM22 6PE
Reviewss
Local Points of Intrest
Audley End House
Explore this decadent Jacobean mansion house and meet the staff in the Victorian Service Wing. Enjoy stunning views across the unspoilt Essex countryside and wander the tranquil gardens created by ‘Capability’ Brown, gold winner of Anglia in Bloom Awards 2017. Then gallop across to see the horses in the Victorian stable yard, and run, jump and climb in the children’s play area.
Saffron Walden has a rich heritage of old buildings, including the magnificent Jacobian mansion Audley End House and Gardens and St Mary's Church, the largest and one of the most beautiful parish churches in Essex.
This Market Town is rich in character and individuality with a high street full of great independent shops many of which are still housed in buildings dating back hundreds of years. Coffee and tea shops, long standing inns to quirky gift shops. The town is passionate about the ancient Flitch festival; a unique celebration that takes place once every four years and is a celebration of marriage and community dating to the 14th Century. It is famously mentioned in Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales.
Mountfitchet Castle
Mountfitchet Castle is a national Historic Monument, protected by the Department of the Environment. Mountfitchet Castle History It is believed to have been an early Iron Age fort and Roman, Saxon and Viking settlement. Artefacts found on the site from these periods support this belief.
Bishop's Stortford is a historic market town and civil parish in Hertfordshire, England. It is just west of the M11 motorway on the county boundary with Essex and is the closest sizeable town to London Stansted Airport.
The Willows guesthouse (9 Guest Reviews) 89%
Stop overnight as part of a drive back to Scotland from Spain. Great location set in countryside, very peaceful and picturesque. Family room was very spacious, with good facilities - table & chairs, tea & coffee and the "extras tray" is a good touch. Beds were comfy, room was very clean, had everything we required for an o/n stop. Only issue was the shower. The shower head was needing a good clean or replaced as it was quite full of limescale and the water pressure was very poor, kept stopping.
Stayed: Jul 19 Read more
BAMBER'S GREEN WEATHER
Bambers Green, Takeley, Hertfordshire, CM22 6PE, United Kingdom
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An English Ghost Story.
Bankers, Banking Regulation, Bird-Watching, Country House, Credit Crunch, Crime, Drugs, England, Englishness, Ghost Story, Ghosts, Humor, Lithuania, Ornithology, Satire, The English Ghost Story
Seldom are the ghost stories that appear on Tychy set in England. Some people get very upset about this kind of thing, and they tend to be the same people who view “the English ghost story” as being something that can be only watered down. For them, “the English ghost story,” as a title, has a completeness to it that “the Scottish ghost story” or “the American ghost story” has no possibility of acquiring. For them, ghosts only ever look lost roaming about in Scottish glens or Arizona deserts, and it is therefore a justice to bring them back home, to the English country lanes and ruined English abbeys where they belong.
But the events of the following story took place in England and so it cannot be anything other than an English ghost story.
England is a strange country. Last November my editor James and I ventured downstairs to England to spend the weekend with two of James’ friends. We were going to fly, but then James recalled that Jurgis, a former client of our website, might be able to help us. Jurgis owns a travel agency that sells package holidays in Edinburgh to Lithuanian tourists. His speciality is coach trips to the Highlands that are supervised by Lithuanian-speaking tour guides, but every month there is an additional tour of English towns. James succeeded in wringing two complimentary seats out of Jurgis. At one point the itinerary would take us within walking distance of our destination and we could here hop out.
There were about fifty tourists on the coach. At first I was wondering why these Lithuanians wanted to inspect a bunch of apparently random English towns, but it all became clear with the news that we visiting on a Saturday in the late evening.
The guide was a very tall girl, obviously a student, with scared eyes and a strenuously perfect smile that seemed to be on continuous display like an inn sign. “We’re going to have a toilet stop,” she announced as we approached the first of the towns, “and it’s important that you go now because you might not be able to leave the coach for the rest of the evening.”
So we all dutifully went to the toilet. Back on board, the guide was instructing us on how to locate the binoculars beneath our seats and then, in a tone of anxious reassurance, she went through the safety procedures that we would have to follow if the coach came under a sustained assault.
She was speaking in Lithuanian, of course. But I had to translate for James then and so it is no trouble to translate for you now.
“England is a strange country,” I remarked to James, tuning out once the guide was explaining how to activate the distress flares.
James was looking about in alarm. “I know from my youth that England is bad, but this might be a little over the top. My God, is that really a rifle that the driver is loading?”
It was barely eight o’clock when we cruised into the first town centre, but it was already in a state of complete bedlam. There was a punch-up outside a nightclub with grown men sprawling on their backs and huge splashes of blood across the pavement. The police were gathering on horseback to attack. A little further down the street, three fat girls who couldn’t have been more than thirteen were vomiting profusely in front of the war memorial. Immediately afterwards and without even wiping her mouth, the fattest of the girls turned to a spotty teenaged boy who was lingering behind her and began to kiss him with an animal ferocity, her tongue straining for his tonsils. Inside the coach, the Lithuanians were bent over their binoculars, utterly enthralled.
The guide was calmly commentating over the roaring outside. “These boys here are on coke – you can tell this from how their jaws are rattling. The lady having sex down there in the hole in the road – the one surrounded by traffic cones – probably wants to get pregnant, so that she can get a house from the council.”
A policeman had been pulled off his horse, and the creature was now jangling about in the road ahead, as wildly as if it was being shaken by an enormous child’s hand. The coach was forced to slow. Men emerged from a pub to stare at the coach and then some of them began to throw stones, which bounced off the windows in horribly sharp little thuds. “Best stand away from the windows!” the guide advised.
The coach seemed to tilt and everybody was crushed together in the aisle into a sort of slithering blob. I extracted myself and sat back down in my seat in protest. But I stood again and James yelped at the same time, as a shot rang out from the driver’s rifle with stupendous volume. Next the coach had pounced forward and it accelerated swiftly.
“England is a strange country,” I repeated in bewilderment.
We toured half a dozen English market towns, witnessing an uninterrupted phantasmagoria of horror and debauchery. After a while, we got used to the drunken, ineffectual attacks upon the coach, no longer jumping at the rifle fire that fended them off. At three in the morning, the guide decided that the violence outside was on the ebb and she dimmed the lights to allow the tourists to sleep.
The next morning, the coach stopped for us at the agreed point and we disembarked. I thanked the guide. We would walk the remaining three miles to the house of James’ friends.
After about a mile of featureless countryside, we paused at a petrol station to buy some sandwiches. I went inside and left James smoking in a ditch across the road. A stooped man and his elderly mother were approaching the counter in front of me. The attendant behind the till gazed at them surlily but otherwise without any apparent alertness.
“I just want to buy some cigarettes, mother” the stooped man was bleating. “Just a small pack, a pack of ten.” Though I could not see his face I imagined that this man was in his late thirties. His mother was obstinate.
“I was strong enough to stop smoking,” she hissed in a voice that sounded oddly reptilian. “You are spineless – you have no character!”
The stooped man’s shame was descending like an enveloping cloud. “Mother, you’re embarrassing me!” he squealed. “You’re making a scene! Look – there is somebody behind us!”
“If you buy those cigarettes, you can make your own way home. You’ll drive in no car of mine ever again!”
“Be reasonable, mother!” In his excitement, the man sent specks of spittle flying over the sweets on the counter. When he saw this, he cringed even more.
I tried to stop listening and began to study the sandwiches. One was egg and cress; the other Marmite and cucumber. I could see through the packaging that the bread was rigidly stale. When I finally got to the counter, the attendant was truculent. Then he was so incredulous about my Scottish banknotes that it was as if I was trying to pass off pieces of used toilet paper as currency. “We don’t take credit cards,” he leered at me. “And there’s no cashpoint in the surrounding eighty miles – over all the hills and farms.”
So I put the sandwiches back and stormed down the road with James at my heels. “What is wrong with this fucking country?” I raged. “Everybody is mentally ill!”
We were soon in sight of our destination and I was astonished by its size. It was a country house but not a manor house, a handsome eighteenth century facade with no wrinkle of the arcane within its fresh face.
I have been delaying this part of the story for as long as possible, but I need to here bring in James’ friends. You may have met them before, because they have both featured previously in our stories. The first is the Swedish dwarf Marco and the second is his husband Ronnie. I loathe the pair of them, but since we were all in England it was probably wise for the even nominally sane to stick together.
Marco was waiting in the drive and he began to jump up and down with excitement, grinding his teeth, when he saw James. James ran to him and hauled him up, hugging him like a teddy bear. Marco still looks boyish for fifty, forever dancing with itchy energy, and with his flushing white and scarlet face gleaming fantastically. I noticed once more that he always appears to have strings of vomit strewn through his grey hair. James innocently attributes his friend’s energy to natural exuberance and he is outraged whenever I attempt to explain to him that Marco is on steep doses of incredibly powerful party drugs.
“Good morning Marco,” I said. I tried to shake his hand and he tried to hug me and he ended up grabbing my legs and shaking them like somebody who is dislodging fruit from a tree.
He was now prattling away. “Come and see my house and drop your things and then we go bird-watching!”
I gave James a suspicious look. “Bird-watching?”
“It’s his hobby. He’s crazy about it” James told me admiringly. He was stroking Marco’s hair, but his hand stopped when it encountered the vomit.
“Ronnie hates it,” Marco said sadly. “Such negativity! – for a few poor little birdies! – he won’t come and see how much fun it is.”
Realising that two people who I despised equally had finally come to divergent opinions on something, my mind seemed to peter out inconclusively. At the house, we dumped our bags in the kitchen. I had an impression of a vast airy interior, in which everything was polished, but we had no time to luxuriate in this because we had to chase off after Marco. He was now bounding upstairs to recover some wellington boots for us. Ronnie appeared on a balcony overhead, a theatrical figure dressed in a cloak and brandishing a silver cane. If Marco is boyish at fifty, Ronnie is somehow portly and decrepit in his late thirties. He seems to flap about in his own body, shrunken in his toadlikeness.
“I spend millions on our country pad – on the Jacuzzi, on the gun room, on the billiards table – and he wants to spend all day in the bog behind the estate! Looking at ducks!” I blinked at Ronnie in surprise. Yes, he was absolutely incandescent. He smiled, his face shining, eyeing James with that tone he always takes of confiding something marvellously scandalous. “You see what this little cow is actually like?”
Marco stamped past him, his arms full of dangling wellingtons. “Don’t be jealous Ronnie – it’s just a few poor little birdies. If you opened your mind to the amazingness of the universe, you would see how they are just like you and me.”
Ronnie’s enraged face was purple and then black. “You squalid little cow. If you go off with your ducks, then I’m going to Fernando.” Ronnie posed melodramatically. “There, I’ve said it – I’m getting something special – something I can’t ever get from you! – from Fernando!” I looked at him inquiringly. “The boy who unclogs the pool filter,” he added in a flat voice.
“You always say this and it’s nonsense Ronnie,” Marco laughed, squirming on his back and kicking himself into his wellingtons. “You always say he unclogs the filter but he’s really our sushi chef.”
“You little cunt!” Ronnie was now clambering over his balcony, as wildly as an escaping monkey, his black face choking, his cloak aflap. “I’m leaving! I’m going back to Edinburgh! I’m going to New York!” James and I scrambled back as a vase flew over our heads and shattered barely a foot from where Marco was wriggling. Marco jumped up and turned away, unconcerned. “Bye Ronnie – don’t get jealous. They’re just birdies.”
“You’ll be sorry! I’m going to OD! You’ll think about me then – you’ll have to think about somebody else just for once in your fucking little life!” Ronnie screamed after us. His roars of fury and despair were still audible when we were far across the rolling parkland.
What Ronnie termed “the bog” was revealed to be an RSPB reserve. We here met half of Marco’s neighbours: cheerful, mostly middle-aged men and women in colourless heavy coats, with a restless gang of small children in tow. Almost all of the men were hugely bearded, in peppery colours, and I vaguely pictured all of the hats and coats falling to the ground, liberating the beards to float away like peaceful clouds.
This was the bird-watching club and Marco had volunteered to be its energetic dictator. He was now stamping ahead and everybody was following obediently. Some of the women were looking alert and hushing their children, as if really thinking that so many people could proceed stealthily down this path.
I fell into speaking with a chap who gave an impression of quiet intelligence. After I had questioned him about the club, he produced a tablet. “We track rare birds on this app and there are supposed to be many nearby today. Me and my wife are genuinely very excited.”
Boredom and excitement are probably alien to these people, I thought mildly. Yet I otherwise radiated a sense of relaxed generosity. Most men my age would be hanging back in the path and sniggering about these ornithologists, but I was impressed by my own maturity. These people were also a step up from the English who we had met earlier, though they had the same cringing appearance, if not hung over their shoulders like a sack then still somewhere in their eyes.
Things were not going well. We trooped off to one hide and, once crowded inside, we gazed out over an expanse of mud that was devoid of any living thing. Climbing out again, we trooped off on a laborious route around countless thickets and hillocks to a second hide and then gazed out over a second scene of brown slime and unmoving water. By now, the bird-watchers were looking dejected and my friend with the tablet was hovering shamefaced behind his disappointed wife. Marco was no longer speaking now, and even he was stamping along with an unusually grim expression on his face.
I was hoping that everything would pick up at the third hide. Inside, we surveyed miles of naked mud without seeing a single dot of life, but then Marco pulled at James’ sleeve and hissed, “over there! Look!”
Thirty or so pairs of binoculars weaved to the right, like a shoal of fish turning.
I didn’t have any binoculars but I could nonetheless discern some kind of activity. I peered intently. Then I sighed and shook my head and there were more sighs and the binoculars were lowered. It was a gigantic, scurrying rat, washing its face in a puddle.
“Fucking rat,” Marco fumed outside the hide. James and I exchanged appalled looks. Our afternoon was a disaster.
We traversed a stretch of mudflat that was now totally bare of foliage. We glanced hopefully at the channel of still water that ran alongside the path, but the whole scene was unnervingly motionless. Then Marco gave a kind of breathless squeak. He pulled at a fistful of his coat and thrust it out for us to examine.
Birdshit. A fresh pat of birdshit.
The binoculars were immediately all over the sky, probing into everywhere. But they were lowered again after a lady at the back began to chuckle.
We spun around to confront her. She was a tiny, wizened old lady, a country dame who must have seen over eighty harvests. “Oh, the ghost it be,” she giggled helplessly, bending over in mirth.
“A ghost, madam?” I observed. “Me and my friend here collect ghost stories. You must tell us everything at once.”
I tell the story as she had told it. Several years beforehand, the Brown government had set up a new public body that would regulate the conduct of London’s banks. It was naturally staffed by analysts from all of the banks that it was meant to regulate. Still, the regulator was called Falcon – this might have been an acronym for something – and it was hoped that this name would supply an effect of sleek efficiency and ruthlessness. After all, the whole point of the regulator was to restore trust in the banking sector, not to actually regulate anything.
Soon this regulator had produced a document called the Falcon Report, an apparent landmark in banking regulation, and the chief executive of Falcon decided upon a suitably imposing press conference to publicise its recommendations. The report would be here presented to key figures from the banking sector.
A bright young special adviser suggested that Falcon should hire a live falcon and incorporate this into the press launch. At first, this looked like a bold gambit, but once they were committed to it, they learned that the nearest falcon that they could get their hands on was based in the very RSPB reserve that we were visiting this afternoon. After musing on the difficulties of transporting the falcon to London, they theorised that the press launch might make more of an impact if the journalists were summoned to it from afar.
And so regulators, bankers, and the press descended upon the reserve, all cracking predictable jokes about the inconvenient trains and the scarcity of alcohol. Under the low grey sky, these metropolitans felt strangely dwarfed and disconcerted. Their lives and magnificent careers did not seem relevant in any way to all of this formidable mud.
The chief executive appeared beside the banking leaders on a platform that was set against the backdrop of the estuary. At length, he enumerated the virtues of the Falcon Report – its impartiality, its probity, its fearlessness, and so on. He and the leading bankers were then handed copies of the glossy document and they posed, leafing through it, whilst the cameras snapped and crackled. At this juncture, the falcon was released to soar majestically over the water behind them. And it was here that something went terribly wrong.
The falcon shot over the water, gave a couple of inelegant flaps, dipped, and then crashed down into it with a hard, distant smack. The bankers fell appallingly silent, so that the only noise left was the faraway sound of the bird floundering about in the estuary.
The falcon handler ran straight up to the media presentation, he crashed through the line of bankers, and then stood on the water’s edge riveted in disbelief.
The chief executive flourished his arms at a nearby circle of junior bankers. “How much does it cost?” he barked.
“A lot,” one of them mouthed.
“Strip!” the chief executive commanded. “Swim after it!”
In a trice, the male banking staff had stripped down to their underpants, tossing ties and jackets and then shoes and socks into the grass. With a volley of splashes, they disappeared into the water. They were all strong young men and swam with expert thrusts and strokes.
The falcon handler clamped a hand on the chief executive’s arm, trying to explain that the water was too dangerous, that there were racing tidal currents beneath the surface. But his thick Norfolk accent – an accent that seldom penetrates the shell of London – was translated by the chief executive’s mind into the most maddening gobbledygook. The chief executive shook him off.
None of the young bankers made it back to the shore. The current sucked them down and dragged them away. It is surely needless to add that things went just as badly for the falcon.
“It’s weird that the birdy is the ghost,” Marco reflected. “But they have beautiful souls – it is the amazingness of the universe that they are just like you and me.”
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The First Attempt (2/2).
Death, Edinburgh, Ghost Story, Ghosts, Horror, North Berwick Witch Trials, Pentland Hills, Pentlands, Salsa Dancing, Seance, Short Story, The Devil, Witchcraft, Witches
The dust road never recovered after the cattle grid. It became a straggling track, with the grass more trodden apart by cows than flattened by vehicles, but with a profusion of tyre prints overlapping crazily wherever there was naked mud. Finally the track passed the Barton cottage and a little after here it had left our world for good, like the footprints of a winged giant who is now running through the heavens.
Beatrix’s grandsons had to be put to bed in stages, with a tremendous amount of ceremony. They expected to watch the correct sequence of television programmes and then they had to be bathed, then sung to, and then read to. Ellen was on her second glass of rosé by the time that Beatrix had poured herself noiselessly down to the bottom of the stairs.
She made a face. “They’re asleep at last.”
“If they’re awake, they won’t see anything,” Ellen replied firmly.
The two ladies squelched into Wellington boots and stole out of the cottage. Once beyond the perimeter of the garden, they could see the grove of ash and blackthorn trees ahead in silhouette, at the top of the slope. When there are no clouds, as like tonight, the sky out here wanders musically, with entangled cobwebs of chiming stars strung within a glossy murk the colour of damson plums and cocoa dust. The ladies brushed through branches, fronds, and myriad yielding bodies until they had emerged on to a bare hillside, with their teeth chattering at the freshness of the cold. They barely had to raise their heads to look straight into the night sky.
There were no incantations or even anything by way of prefatory remarks. The ladies both focused on the sky until the stars had dimmed and the image of a face began to appear across it, like one reflected in a pool.
They had held more séances on these hills than they could now count; they had been coming here since their days together at art college. They had typically summoned fellow witches, spirits who were receptive to being contacted in this way. The furthest that they had gone back had been to the days when King Jamie and his new wife had been tossed upon the briny sea. This had been research: they had read about a potion from this period and they had wanted an accurate original recipe.
Tonight they had assumed that an unfamiliar face would appear across the sky, the face of the kind of anonymous Polish youth who might serve you in Costa coffee or supervise a machine in Tesco. They had supposed that this youth would be distressed or even incoherent. The dead, when summoned by the living, are characteristically still scrambled up. Our spiritually illiterate times have rendered them defective in the afterlife – they don’t know what it is, or where they are, or how to behave. They are like random members of the public who have been given a violin and thrown into an orchestra, without knowing how to play the instrument or read the sheet music.
But Ellen could see at once that something was significantly out of sync. Instead of the face of a young man, that which now stretched across the sky, wider than any city, was ageless and knowing.
He looked down upon this circle of hills on the scale of a human who has raised an astray to his face and is peering into it. It was a nominally distinguished face, belonging to an old man with sharp features and a crust of white beard. Ellen’s first foolish impression had been of a genial, almost avuncular expression, but next its precise reality had crashed down hard. A gloating hatred glistened like spittle on the lips of the merry smile.
“Turn away!” Beatrix looked frantic, almost unrecognisable in her fear.
The lips moved massively. “Too late.” The man’s voice was as faraway as scurrying thunder, and yet it simultaneously ran around the rim of the sky and tore overhead like a jet.
“You wanted to call someone back but you can’t do that. So I’ve called someone instead. Old Tom, old Tom cat. Called all the way back from where he is now.”
“Turn away!” Beatrix wrenched Ellen around so that they had both turned primly on the sky and the hills. Next, they were in darkness, tottering back through the grove.
Ellen realised with amazement that she had never heard her friend sobbing before. She was swept along perplexed, her Wellingtons skidding on the grass. Beatrix was crying bitterly and remonstrating in a high unnatural voice. “The bairns.”
Ellen took her friend’s arm. Her mouth was so dry that she could barely speak. “Do I know him?”
“Corpusty. A sorcerer. He’s living Ellen.”
“Oh shit!” It was no longer possible to deceive herself, to remain in this civilised detachment about what they had done. She was now very afraid.
“He’s laughing at us both. Though he has such power. We were like two ants talking with a descending boot.”
They paused before the cottage and Beatrix staggered back, wiping the air with her lanky arms. “Ellen, get in your car and drive. We’re all fucked here.”
“This is melodramatic.” Ellen tried to control her voice and when it came again it was both too deep and too squeaky. “Our master…”
For an instant, Beatrix was rigid with scorn. “GET IN YOUR CAR! DRIVE! The master is not going to come, even if we summon him. He’s made it clear that we’re on our own.”
Ellen shook her head and whimpered. “I can’t leave you.”
Beatrix threw up her hands in despair and crashed resignedly towards her kitchen door. Ellen briefly thought that Beatrix would bolt it against her, but it was open when she arrived. Was it even worth locking these doors? What should they do? Was there the time to drive away? Of course there wasn’t – panic had reduced these women to imbeciles, it had recruited them to a clown routine in which mocking laughter would meet them every which way they turned.
When they faced each other again in the kitchen, each appalled by how gaunt and scared the other looked, their mobile phones chirruped at the same time.
On Ellen’s: the lightest of sniggers and then Corpusty’s truculent voice. “He’s coming.”
On Beatrix’s: Bellowing, bellowing which seemed to be tearing through a man’s fabric. No words, no trace of any calculation, just the mechanical note which is issued to activate the survival instinct in other, remaining humans.
The line had gone dead on Ellen’s phone. Beatrix threw hers on the kitchen floor and stamped on it. Ellen promptly did the same with hers.
“The children?” Ellen glanced at the ceiling in indication.
“They’re safer if we keep away from them. Maybe… no you can’t bargain with this thing.”
Ellen thought that she saw it first. A man clothed in fire and wailing with unbelievable agony and despair. He walked smartly around the side of the cottage and came scrabbling at the front door.
The glass dimples in the door popped in the heat. Ellen’s gaze shot to Beatrix who was leaning on the kitchen table, her legs crossed, her eyes straining as she tried to keep herself frozen upright. She took a confused step towards the hallway outside and Ellen heard her own voice roaring admonishments. Racing fire preceded the flaming man down the hallway, causing wallpaper to curl up and blacken, and black stains to appear across the ceiling. His wail was being sung like a song, with each cry lengthening richly, operatically. This flaming man blundered against a wall; an arm with a sheet of fire seemed to be searching for a familiar place and it grabbed a table, which immediately exploded.
Ellen tried to extract herself from her terror and settle on a decision. Her instinct was now to forget the children – to bundle Beatrix into her car and drive both of them off. Yet Beatrix had darted without any apparent consciousness towards the flaming man. He stopped and then lunged towards her, gasping and mewing as if it was possible for him to see her through his melted eyes. Then, however, Beatrix exclaimed to herself, shook her head, gave a shrewd, weak smile, and scampered back out of his reach. She ran into the living room, leapt on to a sofa and then, amazingly, she had smashed the window behind her with her bare hands. She barged out of the window, out into the night.
The living room, currently visible to Ellen from the hallway where she had followed her friend, was wholly aflame. Suddenly the flaming man had turned on Ellen and she fell back blindly from the heat, which scraped as hard as rock against her skin. She fled, her eyes streaming from the fumes of roasting flesh. She quickly closed the kitchen door behind her and then the back door.
The coolness of the garden gave her a slimy lick. The doors and windows of the cottage were rattling, and next loud thumps were springing, each with a horrible clarity, from inside.
The flaming man was ploughing up the stairs, to where the children had doubtlessly assembled on the landing, paralysed with terror and disbelief.
Their screams joined his, as if they were all being shaken in a single hand. Ellen stepped forward at this sound and she then halted in bewilderment, her fingers poised lifelessly on the handle of the back door.
She clicked her fingers, as if to restart herself. She clicked them again. She almost had to will her blood to keep flowing. When she had finally managed to turn away from the cottage, sick with her own defeat, both floors were completely ablaze. Fire was jumping hungrily all over the structure, climbing and twisting like maggots.
Ellen had been somehow immaculately preserved in this robot body which had walked her all the way back to her car. The robot presence was now coolly driving her car away from the cottage, down the dirt track towards the cattle grid. I am being carried away, Ellen’s heart chanted gleefully. Surely this robot would drive them both straight into water or over a rocky ledge, but she marvelled at its calmness, its weightless energy, its strangely alert control.
The robot should have stopped. It should have turned around and headed back to retrieve her friend Beatrix. But Ellen kept driving.
When she arrived at Pollock Halls she knew that she was way too early. There were still fifty minutes remaining until the salsa dancers were due to break their world record. On reaching the hall, therefore, she was startled to encounter an intense silence. Inside, the dancers could be faintly heard and then they could be seen, sitting or lying across the dancefloor. Someone had wheeled out a sort of bathtub which had been stacked with a fleece of ice and bottled beers. The dancers were evidently waiting for a single bottle opener to arrive, because everybody had been supplied with a bottle with its cap on. They were all consciously gripping their bottles, as though the beers might fly away if they stopped thinking about them.
The realisation broke in on Ellen’s thoughts like a stranger’s voice. Then, after a moment’s wonder, she started to laugh.
“Hello darling,” Rufus beamed at her, his face sickly and exhausted. “You’re looking at a record breaker.”
“Would you like a beer?” One of the dancers stood and held out a bottle.
Ellen did not take it. There was no hope of disguising her laughter. Again and again she tried to suppress it, to hold it down and smother it, but it constantly nipped up between her fingers. The laughter spread and then it had taken root permanently. It seemed to wave in her throat and behind her eyes like a ticklish feathery plant that could never be squashed down for good.
They all looked at her but only Rufus was watching her with total concern.
“Where’s mum?” Angelina and her sister Amy were side by side, the only dancers to be conspicuously holding wine glasses, these pompous standoffish people, these selfish lizards whose sons had been burned to death.
The event coordinator veered towards her, aloofly impatient. “If you are not willing to behave with…”
“The clocks went forward.” Ellen’s crazy mirth swelled like a wave, almost to breaking point, but she managed to keep going. “None of you noticed – not one of you. They went forward back on Saturday night.”
She should have taken Angelina and Amy to one side. She should have prepared them for the shock, for this blow that would shatter them like two dolls and leave behind irreparable wreckage.
One or two of the dancers had started to comprehend what Ellen had said. One had sat up and he was furiously swiping his phone. “So we’ve actually danced for fifty-nine hours?”
At last Angelina had hissed at the belated coordinator, her nostrils flaring. “You idiot!”
He gazed steadily at them, his petulant face noble for a final second, before everything had slid all in one go, inexorably, into an unwatchable collapse. When he looked up at them again, his face was slack; his voice, when it came, was choked and ragged. “Maybe we can continue… keep dancing… it won’t technically be a record but…”
Ellen shrieked so violently that they all flinched. She spluttered and tittered deep in her throat, smearing the wetness out of her eyes. Angelina turned on her heel and marched towards the door, as straight as a colonel. Her sister followed obediently.
Rufus was disconcerted by Ellen’s hysteria. There must be more in the mix than he could see. He beckoned her to one side.
“Their children are dead,” Ellen reported.
“Your… your faith?”
“Their mother might be dead too. We… Beatrix and me… it’s not a game, a hobby anymore. In the old days they burned us. They burned those women in North Berwick.”
She gibbered as Rufus led her away.
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The Students Who Were Made of Glass.
Campus Rape Epidemic, Feminism, Glass Delusion, Humor, Lucy Mooring, Megan Wain, Professor Emma Mason, Professor Stuart Croft, Ryan Allison, Safe Space, Satire, Short Story, Tom Dignum, University of Warwick
The Vice-Chancellor’s personal assistant had managed to briefly recapture him. It was late morning and she had fastened on to the Professor as he was rattling down a corridor, midway between one strategy reassessment and another. He was now due to schmooze with Warwick University’s Senate but she told him that this bunch could wait.
“You will want to hear about the latest case. A female student named Lucy.”
Professor Croft looked temporarily alert and interested, as he always did whenever anybody came up to him with a fresh problem. He was an administrator for whom everything was a priority and of which every one of them was at the top of his list. “Ah, this is the third case?”
“The fourteenth” she replied evenly.
“Goodness? The fourteenth?”
“The fourteenth this morning,” she added, with a kind of chiding emphasis. “We’ve actually had to wheel her into your office.”
“Gracious, wheel her?” The Vice-Chancellor was immediately hurrying off to see and she had to hurry after him. This current trouble amongst the students was rather like ivy, she reflected. You kept on saying that you would prune it until one day you realised that your entire house had disappeared.
There was an intense, almost holy stillness in the Vice-Chancellor’s office. Lucy was perched motionlessly in the comfortable visitors’ chair, with her body hemmed upright between firm cushions. The two porters who had decanted her off her trolley and into this chair now stood waiting in a corner of the room. Each of them was wearing vast leather gloves that made them look like falconers.
The Vice-Chancellor was about to pull another chair up beside Lucy but he then worried that she might grow hysterical. So he instead seated himself behind his desk, at a distance of several feet.
“Lucy,” he began gently. “You are one of these students who is…” He had to search wildly to locate a word that would sound sensible enough on his lips. He decided upon “indisposed.”
She shivered and for an awestruck moment he wondered whether she could still talk. To his relief, however, a thin voice issued from within her insanely transfixed face.
“I am made of glass.”
Professor Croft gazed at her. Next, he was panicking that he had been gazing at her for slightly too long and that the conversation had stopped. “Er, when did you become unwell, Lucy?”
“Yesterday. After my tutorial on Aphra Behn.”
This was interesting. All of the students who were made of glass were undergraduates in the Humanities departments.
“And Lucy, are the appropriate measures being taken across campus to accommodate all of your needs? You are, after all, paying nine thousa…”
“I am paying nine thousand pounds per year,” the glass girl croaked petulantly.
“Indeed, so we need lots of scatter cushions. We also need people to wheel you about. What else do we need?”
“Straws,” her reedy voice insisted. “I can only slot a straw through my glass lips. To suck purée through.”
The Vice-Chancellor had heard that these students were generally fine if they stayed on campus. Out on the streets of Coventry, they quickly became distraught. As they inched down the streets, they were terrified that if they stepped too near to the houses, a slate might drop from a roof on to their heads, shattering them instantly. But if they stepped too near to the road, the vibrations from a passing bus or lorry might cause tiny cracks to appear across their glass skin.
“And what about the emotional implications of being made from glass?” Professor Croft pursued. “How has your mental health been affected?”
“My mental health is being placed under extreme strain,” Lucy announced menacingly.
“Oh dear, well we are monitoring this situation going forward. We are doing everything that we can to ensure that all of the learning pods, tutorial stations and lecture halls will be… er… padded?” Was “padded” the right word these days? Warwick University was committed to using appropriate language to refer to this current outbreak of glass. Looking down at his notes, the Professor saw that seven members of staff – albeit merely the littler people who mopped the floors and made the coffees – had been suspended for uttering inappropriate remarks about the glass students. A member of the housekeeping team had called one glass boy “as loopy as a fruit bat.” This was clearly discriminatory language that was no longer acceptable when referring to university service users with ongoing mental health needs.
In truth, Professor Croft knew that as a younger man he might have been more sanguine or sardonic about Lucy. A recent experience had, however, opened up a dazzling beam of empathy into her circumstances. The Vice-Chancellor suffered from haemorrhoids. The excruciating pain that caused him to grovel shapelessly on his bathroom floor, wretched with self-disgust and probing ever onwards with ointment on a lollipop stick towards the molten core of the agony… well this wincing sensitivity was presumably what Lucy felt over her whole body.
“Lucy, it is so valuable to have experienced this interaction with you this morni…” Suddenly his P.A. was speaking rapidly through the intercom. The Vice-Chancellor had just received an email that required his urgent attention.
He swiped about amongst his phone until he was in his inbox. He opened the relevant message and found himself studying what appeared to be screenshots of a group chat on Whatsapp. He scanned for a moment and it seemed to be nothing out of the ordinary. A fairly normal conversation amongst some sniggering adolescents. The Professor smiled – one of them was named Captain Fartsalot. Next, Professor Croft had looked back at his email and seen that there was presently a petition that was calling for these students to be suspended from the university. It had been signed by over 67,000 people.
He returned to the screenshots again to see if he could fathom what was meant to be so objectionable. Then, awfully, it came to him:
“Going on a pub crawl tonight. We’re gonna smash a load of glass bottles and maybe some brittle glass girls too.”
“This’ll teach them – smash ‘em all to smithereens!”
“Hard to be so stuck up when your pussy’s in pieces!”
The Professor was sickened all the way down to his squirming toes. He had been once so ill that his body had gone into shock. Shock is a word we can use quite loosely, but for any who have had it medically, you know that it has a profound physical effect. It is why we use the term in wider language. But the shock effect that he felt on seeing those comments was different to the shock induced by his illness.
One part of him felt it deeply but another knew that it was obviously a performance and basically bogus. He had a small model of a cartoon dog stuck on the dashboard of his car that wagged its head whenever sunlight fell over it. Now the Professor was about to join in a similar moral wagging across the breadth of the university.
He threw a hasty, guilty look across his desk at Lucy and saw that she was watching him with eyes that were definitely not glassy.
“This is why I am meeting with you. These students are highly dangerous.”
The Professor could not help glancing back at the screenshots, with their immature silliness and those childish yellow smiley faces strewn everywhere. “Dangerous – really?”
In being made of glass, this girl could hardly nod but she seemed to shiver impatiently all over. “I am outraged and upset that my safety on campus is being disregarded for the future of privileged students.” She looked as stern and zealous as a militiaman does when arriving at a genocide. The Vice-Chancellor had been on the verge of attempting to suggest that this group chat was probably a harmless joke, but the words melted in his mouth like warm ice-cream. He tried another tack.
“Lucy, I know that these words are very distressing for you… and for your fellow students who are made of glass… but saying that you want to “smash” a bottle isn’t actually a criminal offence.”
“Yes it is. It’s harassment, intimidation – it’s a death threat!” Lucy’s glasswork squealed and squeaked fragily. The Professor gritted his teeth.
“Outside of the university,” the Professor pressed, “in a police station or in a criminal court, this isn’t going to go anywhere. It would be viewed almost as a fuss over nothing.” He made sure to make it sound as though the world outside the university was deplorably uncaring, as though he was grieving alongside Lucy.
“This is inappropriate,” Lucy snapped. The Vice-Chancellor was aghast – for the first time in several decades he was being given orders. He briefly plummeted lost and spinning, dethroned in the universe. “If these boys are not suspended, there will be a new petition. To suspend you! Now please place me back on my trolley.”
It took a moment for the Vice-Chancellor to grasp that Lucy had been addressing the porters. In speaking to these menial staff, she had not in any resepect varied the voice that she had been using with him.
By the afternoon, Professor Croft had hit upon a plan. Craftily, he thought that if he could sow sufficient confusion and disruption, two of the worst offenders, Ryan Allison and Tom Dignum, might somehow agree to leave Warwick University voluntarily. He hoped that they would do this without resorting to any lawsuits that would inevitably go badly for the university in the long term. He summoned the two boys to his office and informed them that they had let the university down and themselves as well. Suspending them was a shame, he reeled off breezily and without any sympathy secure enough for them to cling on to. They should reflect upon what they had done, etcetera.
Both had mumbled and scowled. He had snuck a quick look at them as they had left his office. He had expected to see the dull piggy eyes and empurpled faces of “privileged” boys from the shires. But these two figures had looked curiously blank and flattened and hunted, like foxes that are trimmed to their barest reflexes and seeking the gap in the hedgerow, the get-out under the fence.
The Vice-Chancellor was ready to return to his schmoozing. He had an important discussion with the Senate about implementing the next stage of his strategic vision and bolstering the value statements for their overall mission wellbeing. All at once, though, there was a distant alarm going off and voices scrambling thickly in his intercom. All the luxurious excitement of an emergency!
One of the suspended boys had been seen stalking towards the Student Union building. He had been carrying a slingshot and some pebbles – the sort of device that had been once used to fell Goliath.
“This is an emergency call across the campus for all staff to make themselves available. We have to evacuate over a hundred students to safety.”
The Professor fixed his P.A. on the other end of the phone. Had the police been called? She replied that they had and they hadn’t. The university had been unable to explain to the police what exact crime was being committed. The police could not understand why experienced educators could not confiscate a slingshot off a lone student.
In the forecourt of the Student Union building there was escalating hysteria. Some of the students had been laden on to trolleys – some of the occupied trolleys had been stranded in the road whilst the staff raced to help new students on to more trolleys – amazingly, some staff were being suspended, in the middle of the crisis, for jocularity – whilst some of the more frightened students were edging or wobbling away from the group evacuation in search of individual shelter. The air was so thick with cries and screams that it seemed to strangely recall the innocent pulsing of crickets on a warm summer’s night in the Mediterranean.
As the Vice-Chancellor approached this deafening mayhem, he caught sight of Lucy on its very outskirts. She had shuffled off her own trolley and she was waddling frantically towards the cover of some nearby trees. Then he saw the male student with the slingshot striding amongst the hysterical students and taunting them. This boy swung up to Lucy and aimed his slingshot at her face. It was empty but as the sling plopped soundlessly over her head, she screeched with a deep unearthly terror that almost froze the Professor into glass himself.
The student stamped his foot in annoyance. “For fuck’s sake, you moron, you are not made of glass! Look at you! Have you not eyes that can see that your own skin is not made of glass? Have you not hands to claw me with, feet to kick me in the balls with, teeth to bite me with? You are simply not that delicate! This is maddening!”
For a split-second, their eyes met. Two pairs of eyes, both of them looking peculiarly naked and frank in this accidental alighting. Lucy looked into the male student’s eyes and they did not appear as fierce as she would have imagined. The student looked into Lucy’s eyes and he equally did not see some radical vulnerability that was alien to his own soul. Perhaps if they had gazed for a split-second longer, then they might have reached some sympathy or understanding. But the Vice-Chancellor barged right in. If the students could sort out all of their own problems for themselves, as adults, then they would not need his gigantic bureaucracy, with its strategic visions, its proliferating tiers of concrete and its ravenous expense.
He ducked down and fished for the slingshot and untwined it from the student’s fingers. “You are suspended from the campus!” he bellowed, once up again. “You must leave immediately!”
After an hour, there was no trace left of this harrowing scene. The trolleys had gone back and forth in a constant circuit to transfer the students to a special padded auditorium in the basement of the Student Union. Hard hats and luminescent jackets had been issued to every student who was huddled into this officially-designated “safe space.” Next, thousands of very soft and weightlessly fluffy kittens had been released into the auditorium to slink about mazily, like lice on a cowhide, to alleviate the students’ stress levels. Despite the day’s drama, the health-and-safety incident book had logged only a handful of minor cracks.
23 thoughts on “The Students Who Were Made of Glass.”
what the fuck is this said:
considering you’re a 40+ year old man don’t you think it is a) extremely unnecessary and b) very fucking creepy for you to be writing a story based on/detailing the name of my friend lucy who is a young woman who actually does struggle with mental health issues and has been braver than words can describe in making herself vulnerable to the public and the likes of you to help raise awareness of misogyny on campus? very very strange behaviour indeed. i wouldn’t give up your day job to pursue your writing either: there have been a million and one unoriginal thinkpieces about “fragile snowflake students” by weird old men like yourself and it’s highly unoriginal and rather cliche at this point. find another hobby.
I’m thinking that this comment is attempting to be satirical and that it must be written by a 40+ year old man. Everything about it, from its “Mum-this-ISN’T-FAIR” teenaged-tantrum cadence to its predictable weaponising of cod mental health issues, reads like a clichéd caricature of a ‘snowflake student’ in a tabloid newspaper. Man, they don’t even talk like this. Don’t give up the day job.
your response to criticism is even more petulant than the “snowflake students” you claim to satirise (i use that word loosely since your work has about as much satirical clout as a fish finger). fortunately i am a student and not a 40+ year old man who makes creepy fan fiction about young girls they’ve only ever encountered on the internet, and i’m not sure what is so “teenage-tantrum”-esque about asking you to be a decent person and leave my friend alone instead of mocking her mental health issues and willingness to put her head above the parapet while so many wouldn’t but i would give up while you’re ahead. sorry you can’t handle the fact that young women are making more tangible change in the world than you ever will with your supposedly witty little stories fuelled by your strikingly evident dunning-kreuger syndrome but responding to any and all valid criticism of your creepy actions and trite writing with “you’re just a snowflake haha grow up snowflake” isn’t a replacement for a personality or intelligence
Man, this isn’t fooling anybody. Imagine the flak I’d get if one of my own characters ever spoke in such a clichéd way.
Subpar impersonations of college students? I’ve got it! You’re Rod Liddle, aren’t you?
Mary said:
This reads as though someone once told you that you had an interesting writing style. They were incorrect. More descriptors does not a good writer make.
Poorly researched, badly written and utterly uninspiring. Yawn.
HAMLET: Madam, how like you this play?
QUEEN GERTRUDE: The lady protests too much, methinks.
Do you realise that warwick university is a Campus university, and as such is not in Coventry in the way that your writing implies?
If your message here is that students are delicate, it’s a rather shallow one. What seems more delicate is being so upset by the current delicacy of the masses as to be inspired to write a thought piece all about it. You really should lighten up, tetchy.
This is genuinely baffling. The writing doesn’t ‘imply’ that the campus is in any way in Coventry. It directly states that the two are different.
Likewise, the message is not that the students are ‘delicate.’ They’ve taken over the university and cowed the administration.
The students I’m writing about are a neurotic elite. This is the opposite of ‘the masses.’ Such a story could be never set in, say, an agricultural college.
These days, however, a student at an agricultural college could probaby read a story more accurately, and critique it more competently, than you have done this one.
Interestingly, I’m not a student. I teach. Your writing is bad and instead of insulting those who critique it, maybe you should instead just work on improving. By the way, I don’t know if you actually meant to use the word sanguine.
If you’re a troll, you’re a good one.
You’ve left me puzzling myself over the word ‘sanguine.” I think it was meant to convey that the character is cheerful, upbeat, an energetic problem-solver. It does read a little oddly though.
I’ve found that people usually only ever criticise my writing when they disagree with the politics. I do accept and reflect upon criticisms from writers who are distinguished as prose stylists themselves, such as the wonderful Ombhurbhuva: https://tychy.wordpress.com/2018/12/23/the-foresters-a-christmas-tale/#comment-12294 In the past, some stinging criticisms from him have occasioned rethinks.
Like the Archbishop of Canterbury, I prefer ‘moralist’ to ‘troll.’
I’ve just remembered, in addition, that the premise of this story and even some parts of the narrative are taken from Cervantes’ “The Glass Graduate” (1613). Maybe, in a happy mistake, the ‘bad’ writing is attributable to him?
Tychy's Biological Father said:
This writing actually is really bad.
Also the premiss is objectively creepy.
But regardless of that, the writing is terrible.
Give an example.
As I’d thought. “Everywhere I look the writing is bad but I can’t seem to find any bad writing in particular.”
please please please get a life or a hobby other than this said:
‘Incredible,’ the 40-something year old man thought to himself after a long afternoon of masturbating to his own satirical short story. ‘I’ve really gotten to the heart of the number one issue facing the nation right now: female students who have the nerve to report threats being made against them. Who’s going to stand up for these poor delicate boys if not me?’
Despite never having been a young women who’d been threatened repeatedly with rape and then made into the public face of the ensuing scandal before, he thought he’d really captured the motives of these pathetic snowflakes. This was definitely his business. And the young woman in question was definitely fair game to write disturbing fanfiction centred on a mindnumbingly clunky metaphor about, since she’d clearly decided to become a public figure in this way!
As he clicked publish on his wordpress, he pondered on how his life would change after he’d revived satirical writing single-handedly, and reminded himself to Google the phrase ‘punch up’ after some more violent wanking.
It’s been fun so far but I will insist upon a little seriousness here. No woman has ever been “threatened repeatedly with rape” by the young men who are named in this story. Rape threats are a criminal offence but these young men were never arrested or prosecuted. Libel is, however, against the law and here your comment is on decidedly wobbly ground. I don’t take responsibility for any comments and I will delete them if I am required to.
The whole tone of your comment is hysterically aggressive and menacing. You would surely concede that, by comparison, my story is calm, carefully written, and empathetic.
Joanna said:
Untrue, there were… This comment has been removed.
This insinuation is irresponsible and unacceptable. There were no arrests, no prosecutions, and no convictions.
get a job said:
please get a fucking job mate who even has the time on their hands
Get out the basement said:
This is incredibly pathetic. It’s interesting you claim to say you’re “calm and rational”, yet you spent so much time writing something which has no purpose to you, because you got angry with a petition?
I’m more confused as to why you’re so enraged by a petition rather than what those whatsapp messages said. I don’t understand why people are angry at people feeling scared after threats have been made. Before you claim “no threats were made” like you already did, please read all of the actual messages. Multiple girls were listed and their locations spread.
This situation is such a banquet for a humourist because people who view themselves as weirdly delicate are otherwise behaving with an almost hysterical aggression and thuggery. It’s good, or at least sane, to laugh at this and it’s surely good that somebody is calling you out on it.
No threats were made. The police were never involved. To insinuate otherwise is lying and when lies are written down they can be libellous. On a campus that is spiralling into mayhem, you might be able to say these things without any consequences. In the real world, though, you can’t seriously make the claims that these young men are dangerous to women.
Police were involved. There was an ongoing investigation during my first year at the university.
You know very little.
There were no arrests or charges. I’m getting fed up of being told I “know very little” by people who don’t seem to possess an elementary understanding of libel/defamation laws.
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Scientology's 2016: CNN plans to give L. Ron Hubbard his best press in decades - 2016-01-02
Scientology's 2016: CNN plans to give L. Ron Hubbard his best press in decades January 2, 2016, Tony Ortega, Underground Bunker
Last year, former Scientology spokesman Mike Rinder predicted that 2015 would bring his former employer "pain." And it sure was a tough year for David Miscavige and his followers. With Alex Gibney's documentary Going Clear and Leah Remini's book Troublemaker, more people than ever are learning about Scientology and its controversies.
But not everyone is apparently happy about that. Back when Gibney's movie was first getting a lot of publicity, we heard from a couple of national figures who criticized the idea of singling out Scientology for examination. One of them was Reza Aslan, a rising star in the religious writing field and a frequent presence on television. Here's what he told CNN:
I don't think it's fair to refer to Scientology as a cult. I mean, really the difference between a religion and a cult tends to be how long the religion lasts. Christianity was a cult for three hundred years. Mormonism was considered a cult for a hundred years. In fact, there are people today who still refer to Mormonism as a cult. Is it somehow different than other religious traditions in the way that it deals with its internal structure, in the disaffection of its former movement members? No, I don't think so.
{{cite news | author = Tony Ortega | title = Scientology's 2016: CNN plans to give L. Ron Hubbard his best press in decades | url = https://tonyortega.org/2016/01/02/scientologys-2016-cnn-plans-to-give-l-ron-hubbard-his-best-press-in-decades/ | work = Underground Bunker | date = January 2, 2016 | accessdate = August 21, 2017 }}
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Alex Gibney
Dani Lemberger
Freezone
Going Clear: Scientology, Hollywood, and the Prison of Belief
If He Dies, He Dies
Independent Scientologists
International Association of Scientologists
Karen de la Carriere
Mike Rinder
Rizza Islam
Ron Miscavige Sr
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Vectrus Subsidiary to Maintain Sheppard AFB Facilities Under $84M Contract; Chuck Prow Comments
by Nichols Martin, GovConWire, May 23, 2018 -
A Vectrus (NYSE: VEC) subsidiary has secured a potential seven-year, $84 million contract to perform maintenance services in support of Sheppard Air Force Base in Texas.
The company said Tuesday its Vectrus Systems subsidiary will deliver support in the areas of installation management, operations and maintenance, installation engineering and emergency management under the U.S. Air Force contract.
“The Sheppard win builds on our Air Education and Training Command programs at Keesler AFB and Maxwell AFB,” said Chuck Prow, president and CEO of Vectrus and a 2018 Wash100 recipient.
He added that the new contract also works to expand the company’s position as an Air Force prime contractor with programs such as the Thule Air Base maintenance contract and Air Force Contract Augmentation Program.
Sheppard AFB houses the 82nd Training Wing and the 80th Flying Training Wing and is the sole Air Force base that administers training for both technical and flying activities.
Contact for media queries at:
michael.smith@vectrus.com
Vectrus earns surging third-quarter profits
by Wayne Heilman, The Gazette, Colorado Springs, CO - Vectrus Inc. credited $330 million in new contracts so far this year for boosting revenue and profits by double-digit percentages as the Colorado Springs-based defense contractor heads into a key year in 2019. Revenue for the third quarter was...Read more
Vectrus Lands Nearly $60M Task Order for Navy Base Operations Support in Cuba
by Anna Forrester, GovCon Wire, TYSONS CORNER, VA, October 18, 2018 — Vectrus (NYSE: VEC) will provide maintenance and operations services to the U.S. Navy in support of the service branch’s base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, under a potential $59.7M task order, ExecutiveBiz reported Wednesday. The...Read more
Vectrus' Deagle: Adding technology is 'the only way' to further reduce costs
by Marjorie Censer, Inside Defense, Washington, D.C. - The chief growth officer of Vectrus told Inside Defense last week the contractor views infusing technology into its programs as the best approach to lower the cost of these efforts. Speaking from Vectrus' Reston, VA, office, Sue Deagle said the...Read more
Vectrus revenue and earnings surge on $125 million in new contracts
by Wayne Heilman, The Gazette, Colorado Springs, CO - Vectrus Inc. credited a pair of new contracts totaling more than $125 million with producing one of the best quarters in the nearly four years since it was spun off from Exelis Inc. The Colorado Springs-based military contractor reported second-...Read more
Vectrus Makes 2nd Straight Appearance in Annual ‘Best for Vets: Employers’ List
by Anna Forrester, GovCon Wire, TYSONS CORNER, VA, July 27, 2018 — Vectrus (NYSE: VEC) has been named in an annual list of employers that best served the needs of service members, veterans and their families in 2018 based on culture, veteran recruitment, policies and accommodations for National...Read more
Vectrus Selected for Military Times’ Best for Vets: Employers 2018 List
by Nichols Martin, ExecutiveBiz, July 26, 2018 - Vectrus has landed a spot under a survey-based ranking that recognizes organizations supporting veterans and their relatives. Over 35 percent of Vectrus’ workforce consists of individuals who have previously served with the military, the information...Read more
See All Featured
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Posts Tagged ‘the reading room’
folio, marc camille chaiomowicz, reading notes, the reading room
READING NOTES: MARC CAMILLE CHAIMOWICZ AND A FOLIO FOR SECESSION
In Uncategorized on April 26, 2010 at 8:01 am
As part of putting together the VSK project for The Reading Room, I have been thinking about the folio as a form of publication, attracted by its sense of a gathering of materials, its openness to re-arrangement, how it could propose/be some new event, rather than/ as well as chronicling something that has already happened.
I also like how the folio format fits with the shifts of activity that come from thinking about editorial work (and writing) as “assembling” rather than “editing.”
Some of these thoughts came from A Folio for Secession, by Marc Camille Chaimowicz, produced for his recent exhibition at the Vienna Secession (Nov 20 2009-Jan 24 2010) and which contains, as the folder flap announces:
some patterns
a text and
exhibition views
This text is alone on the cream card, haiku-redolent, the folio dependent on this careful juxtaposition, rhythm and shift of materials.
Actually, the order of materials was somewhat different in my copy, as if someone had already re-arranged the materials into a – for them- more workable arrangement. In order there were: six patterns, printed on card; a facsimile handwritten letter on different sized headed notepaper, from hotels from Los Angeles and Baden Baden; a brochure containing “exhibition views” and an essay by Silvia Eiblmayr.
I wanted more but perhaps the folio is best conceived as a minimal juxtaposition and agglomerating. Something light, but also an amassing and clotting.
The letters on their cream paper invite us to view the artist through his handwriting, the facsimile headed notepaper seeking a re-creation of an idea of luxury, alongside evidencing the often traveling contemporary artist.
Letter begins with MC emerging from his LA hotel to scene of apocalypse which, after a moment of adjustment, he identifies as a film crew shooting a scene from Alien. The mix is one of a number of differences and connections that unfold in the letters chatty but formal informality, including, most principally, the relations of Vienna and LA.
I felt the conceptual nub of this folio and Chaimowicz’s work was to be found in the following quotation:
It is given that as we focus on any particular subject, so that subject is liable to appear and reappear – in myriad form or as chimera- to haunt and envelope us (the conceptual distance between Wittgenstein’s Vienna and, say, the death of Michael Jackson is daunting – yet today’s cultural overload purports to such mental juggling…)
A favourite restaurant here is Ammo, which is run by Benedikt who is from Vienna… I am therefore sensitised to Vienna’s after image… there are connections beyond the anecdotal and it may seem an exagerration to suggest that pckets of L.A. were once more Viennese than Vienna… yet such was the exodus of radical thinkers, and such were the opportunities, that this equation is surely plausible…
What I am proposing is that the fractured continuum of history was such that the true spirit of Viennese Radicalism was, in the 1920’s and 30’s largely transposed to California.
Here then is a statement of the network that informs Chaimowicz’s work, both of his time in Vienna, his relationship to Vienna, Vienna itself, his own broader practice and the relations it involves and imbricates between high and low culture; art, design and furniture.
Such concerns are central to Silvia Eiblmayr’s “Marc Chamille Chaimowicz Vienna Revisted…?”, which I read as organised around two quotations. The first, by MC himself, is at the beginning: “All one can do in 1983 is attempt to make art rather than make art.” The second, by Hermann Czech, concerns the notion of Mannerism:
Mannerism is an attitude of intellectualism, of awareness; and also a sense of the irregular ,the absurd, which in each case breaks the established rules. Mannerism is the conceptual approach to accepting reality at whichever level may be necessary. It enables the openness and the imagination to put into motion, and sustain, unexpected outside processes, too. An architecture of participation is possible only on the basis of Mannerism.” (13)
I imagine a methodology composed of a conceptual choreography between these two quotations.
Writing of Chaimowicz’s Vienna Triptych – a series of tall panels aligned along the wall, some patterned and some arrangements of photographs – Eiblemayr seeks to clarify this position. In the context of VerySmallKitchen – but also informed by Chaimowicz’s own writing practice – I found this to be outlining a form of writing.
A writing. A folio. A writing (folio) studio. The strategy of the assembler encounters the folio. A writing assembling salon turns itself into a folio:
Once again he [Chaimowicz] raises questions about public/ private dichotomies, and relates the intimate, personal interior that also incorporates the artist’s physical presence with the particular location and its visitor, the city, its history and the specific memories associated with it.
In formal terms this means that in his work… he again maintains the status of his materials and resources open and moveable, refusing to categorise, preferring instead to sustain the tension of ambivalent determination between the everyday object and the objet d’art, the piece of furniture and the sculpture, the décor and the painting.
In doing so he creates a performative space that draws the viewer in to form part of a theatrical experience, i.e. an experience that is real in terms of both space and time.
A good model for writing this, based on one piece in the Secession show: a wonky table that convinces you the floor itself is uneven.
A gathering of other themes speak urgently to contemporary practice via this cluster of materials: of theatricality, and of – Chaimowicz’s phrase for his installations such as Celebration? Real life (1972) – scatter environments.”
I construct my own folio featuring this text and others by Chaimowicz: the appropriation of The World of Interiors magazine (for a book work accompanying show at Migros, Zurich 2006); the revealing interview in the recent FIELD WORK publication (a brief citation from which is here).
A collected writings to come, hopefully, later this year.
All, as in the panels of Vienna Triptych, offer a certain space for folio-thought, a space also formed and forming in the parasol “scattered” in the installation at Secession, the appropriations of rug (on plinth), appropriated and re-configured ( I wanted to say “sensibilised”) chairs and tables.
JEAN FISHER: less concerned with the specificity of place than with the evocation of an abstract mental space in a visual structure that is equivalent to a musical score, in which quietude is orchestrated with crescendo, harmony with rhythm.
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A MARKETING SPECIALIST WILL CONTACT YOU SHORTLY.
OPEN SOURCE SUMMIT JAPAN 2019
Open Source Summit Japan is the leading conference for technologists and open source industry leaders to collaborate and share information, learn about the latest in open source technologies and find out how to gain a competitive advantage by using innovative open solutions. It is an extraordinary o...
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2nd International Conference on Computer Science & Cloud Computing (ICCSCC--2019), which will be held during July 22-23, 2019 in Rome, Italy is now an established event, attracting global participant’s intent on sharing, exchanging and exploring new avenues of Computer Applications and related resea...
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HPE SAYS COMPOSABLE INFRASTRUCTURE IS THE FUTURE OF DATA CENTER TECH
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IBM is continuing to innovate at the cutting edge with the announcement of two major projects, accelerating NVIDIA AI with cloud and taking its IoT technology to the Port of Rotterdam. NVIDIA is set to leverage the IBM Cloud to apply its fastest V100 GPU, intending to provide customers with the ability to build AI, cloud-native applications. The union of IBM and NVIDIA has drawn interest from high-profile organisations including NASA, harnessing capabilities provided by the partnership to stream...
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← Ledgister Signing Is Key For Hampton
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Bicycle Kicks by Simon Hood
Posted by kieranscottknowles
Scott Knowles reviews Simon Hood’s book, Bicycle Kicks, for Under The League.
In October, the former Newcastle United and Bolton Wanderers defender Robbie Elliott will cycle between each of the teams his former boss Bobby Robson managed – a trip that takes in the likes of Ipswich, Porto, and Barcelona amongst others – in order to raise funds for the chosen charities of the Sir Bobby Robson Foundation. It’s a task that will see him ride over three thousand five hundred miles across four countries despite having confessed that up until recently he hadn’t ridden a bike since he was a child.
It’s not the first time someone has taken on a grueling football-related cycling task in the name of a good cause – indeed if Robbie was in need of any tips he could do far worse than turn to Simon Hood, a man who during the 2009/10 season set out to ride between each of York City’s league and FA cup fixtures in a bid to raise as much money as he could for the Alzheimer’s Society.
It’s the story of that attempt that makes up Bicycle Kicks, the dual tale of one man taking on both nature and the limits of his bike/body, and one team’s bid to climb free of the notoriously difficult to escape Conference National.
Simon Hood, front, during his epic journey
A lazy description would be to describe it as the bizarre love child of ‘Fever Pitch’ and the underrated David Lynch film ‘The Straight Story’ due to the road-trip nature of the adventure and the at times surreal characters Hood encountered along the way (an unlicensed campsite bar where the beer is free and pulled under cover of a sheet, or the former rig worker turned poet obsessed with Byron and prone to recite his own poems in full at people whether they like it or not). But it also shares that films theme of the generosity of strangers – of people Simon had never before met but who were willing to put him up for the night, buy him meals, or, in one case, gift him a completely new bike so that he could try to complete his admirable task.
The season is split into the months that become the books chapters – with details of the games separated by descriptions of the toil/joy endured getting to each stadium and extra geographical/autobiographical information added for good measure which, along with numerous hearty dollops of humour, helps eradicate any possible threat of the book becoming a tedious cycle of match reports and cross-country endurance bike fetishism.
Immediately post London Olympics it became fashionable to drag football through the mud, to heap scorn on it and wonder aloud why the despicable oafs who participate in our national game aren’t more like the angelic athletes who made us so proud this summer. This book is an antidote to that. Within the hundred and fifty five pages on offer you see what football truly means to people – the bonds it forms between families and friends that stretches through generations and holds firm as glue. And as heroic and worthy the task Hood performs you can’t help but feel that football is the true hero – the sport that drives people like Simon and Robbie to do such extraordinary things in the first place.
Special mention must go to York City who, almost as if rising to the challenge set by Simon, provide their own extraordinary narrative that adds immensely to the books drama.
For anyone with the vaguest interest in football, non-league or otherwise, ‘Bicycle Kicks’ is a must read, and for those whose interest in the sport may have lapsed due to player greed, recent court cases, or bad press in general this book may well just restore your faith.
As always, a huge thank you to Scott for this review. If you want to submit a book review, or any other article, get in touch. You can follow Scott on twitter: @FragileGang
About kieranscottknowles
Last gasp foray upfield in search of a desperate winner results in beautiful injury time defeat (4,5)
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Posted on October 6, 2012, in UTL Archive and tagged Bicycle Kicks, Bike Ride, Book Review, Charity, Simon Hood, York City. Bookmark the permalink. 1 Comment.
James Bartaby | April 2, 2013 at 7:27 pm
I’m reading this now, and am loving it. A great read, and a fantastic account of a frankly ridiculous mission!
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Thursday, 18 July 2019, 12:54
Blades (boutique)
Blades (disambiguation)
The Blades (band)
Mozart!
Mozart Santos Batista Júnior
Please tell us which country and city you'd like to see the weather in.
Blades was a London fashion boutique established in 1962 by Rupert Lycett Green.
Blades was opened in 1962 by Lycett Green in Dover Street, London, with "high tailoring standards but a young man's view of cut and proportion".
Blades moved to Burlington Gardens in 1967, where the shop windows looked down on Savile Row itself. The premises are now occupied by the tailors Ede & Ravenscroft.
Coordinates: 51°30′36″N 0°08′27″W / 51.5099°N 0.1409°W / 51.5099; -0.1409
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Blades_(boutique)
A blade - one of humanity's oldest tools - can be used for A blade is the portion of a tool, weapon, or machine with an edge that is designed to cut and/or puncture, stab, slash, chop, slice, thrust, or scrape surfaces or materials.
Blade or blades may also mean:
Blades, Delaware, town in Delaware
Blades, Saint Philip, Barbados, village in Barbados
Jack Blades, American musician
Rubén Blades, Panamanian singer
Art, entertainment, and media
Fictional entities
Blades (Transformers)
Blades the Bruin, the mascot of the Boston Bruins
Blades Club, a fictional gentleman's club in the James Bond series, by Ian Fleming
Blades (boutique), a modish London tailoring establishment founded in 1962 by Rupert Lycett Green
Inline skates, colloquially known as "blades" or "roller blades"
Los Angeles Blades, inline hockey team in California
Saskatoon Blades, ice hockey team in Canada
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Blades_(disambiguation)
The Blades are an Irish new wave band who formed in the late 1970s in the South Dublin neighbourhood of Ringsend, with Paul Cleary on bass and vocals, his brother Lar on guitar and mutual friend Pat Larkin on drums.
As uncompromising as they were gifted as pop songwriters, the original line-up released two seven inch singles: Hot For You and Ghost of a Chance, the latter of which they performed on The Late Late Show in 1981.
Origins (1977-81)
The Blades began in the summer of 1977 when five friends got together to play a gig in the Catholic Young Mens Society hall in Ringsend. The band was thrown out for playing the Sex Pistols single God Save the Queen; the organisers thought it was the British National Anthem.
The line up was whittled down to three - Paul Cleary (b. 9 September 1959) on bass and vocals, his brother Lar (b. 2 June 1957) on guitar and friend Pat Larkin (b. 25 November 1956) on drums.
Even from that early stage, the band's unashamed working-class origins and integrity marked them out from the more elliptical art rock being pioneered by U2 and The Atrix.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/The_Blades_(band)
Mozart! is an Austrian musical, originally written in German. The original book and lyrics were written by Michael Kunze and the music and arrangements were composed by Sylvester Levay. The show is a new imagining of the struggles of the famous composer.
The original production was directed by the opera director Harry Kupfer. It premiered on October 2, 1999, in the Theater an der Wien, and the final performance was on 7 May 2001. It ran for 419 performances, showing to approximately 420,000 patrons.
The production appealed especially to younger Viennese audiences. Subsequent productions have been mounted in:
Germany: Neue Flora (Stage Entertainment), Hamburg (September 21, 2001 – June 30, 2002)
Japan: Tokyo and Osaka (2002)
Hungary: Budapest (2003)
Sweden: Karlstad (2005)
Japan: Osaka, Tokyo, Nagoya, Fukuoka (2005)
Japan: Tokyo (2007)
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Mozart!
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (German: [ˈvɔlfɡaŋ amaˈdeːʊs ˈmoːtsaʁt], English see fn.; 27 January 1756 – 5 December 1791), baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical era. Born in Salzburg, Mozart showed prodigious ability from his earliest childhood. Already competent on keyboard and violin, he composed from the age of five and performed before European royalty.
At 17, Mozart was engaged as a musician at the Salzburg court, but grew restless and traveled in search of a better position. While visiting Vienna in 1781, he was dismissed from his Salzburg position. He chose to stay in the capital, where he achieved fame but little financial security. During his final years in Vienna, he composed many of his best-known symphonies, concertos, and operas, and portions of the Requiem, which was largely unfinished at the time of his death. The circumstances of his early death have been much mythologized. He was survived by his wife Constanze and two sons.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart
Mozart Santos Batista Júnior, usually known simply as Mozart (born 8 November 1979 in Curitiba, Brazil) is a former professional association football player. He played in both the defensive midfielder and attacking midfielder positions.
Club career
Mozart started his career with Paraná Clube, before moving to France with FC Girondins de Bordeaux in 1998, although he did not play any games for them. He returned to play in Brazil for Coritiba and Flamengo, and then moved to Serie A's Reggina Calcio in 2000.
He later played for Spartak Moscow, in the Russian Premier League. He terminated his contract with Spartak in March 2009, and the following month he signed for Palmeiras. Mozart's time at Palmeiras ended in August 2009 when he joined Serie A side Livorno.
International career
Mozart was in the Brazil squad for the 2000 Summer Olympics.
Coaching career
In June 2014 Mozart marked his return to former club Reggina, being appointed as technical collaborator to new head coach Francesco Cozza, a former teammate of his during his time as a player.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Mozart_Santos_Batista_Júnior
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Keanu Reeves Showed Up At Xbox’s E3 Presentation And Revealed He’ll Be In ‘Cyberpunk 2077’
Ryan Nagelhout 06.09.19 1 month ago
Keanu Reeves has plenty going on these days, with John Wick 3 in theaters and the chance to flex his romcom muscles in Netflix’s Always Be My Maybe. But his latest frontier will put him in one of Xbox’s most anticipated titles.
With E3 in full swing in Los Angeles, Reeves popped up on stage at Xbox’s presentation to reveal that he will be in Cyberpunk 2077. This is the biggest news we’ve seen out of the board game to video game franchise, which has been in development for some time. Microsoft showed off a gameplay trailer of Cyberpunk at last year’s E3, but now we’re much closer to making the game a reality.
We also got a first look at Reeves, as himself with Wick-like long hair, in the game itself.
TOPICS#Keanu Reeves#E3
TAGSCyberpunk 2077E3e3 2019KEANU REEVES
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Hip-Hop, News
A$AP Mob Co-Founder A$AP Bari Arrested For Sexual Misconduct
by V. McGee May 19, 2018
V. McGee Author
A$AP Mob rapper and co-founder A$AP Bari was arrested this week in London on suspicion of sexual misconduct.
A$AP Bary was arrested in London at the Heathrow Airport on Tuesday when he made a stop there via a connecting flight. TMZ reported that a woman filed a lawsuit in the UK last year November against the rapper saying that he sexually assaulted her. Authorities knew about his flight itinerary and took him off the flight and place him behind bars pending a full investigation.
In her suit, the woman claim that Bari burst into a room she was staying in at a hotel in London and yelled, “You f****d my assistant, now you are going to f*** me.” She yelled back saying no but he pulled the sheets off her and sexually assaulted her. Surprisingly, a friend of A$AP Bari recorded the incident and posted it on social media and it went viral.
The female victim says she fled the bedroom into a bathroom and he beat on the door yelling that he is going to f*** her and make her s*** his d***. Seems the rapper didn’t rape her, but she complained that he threw her into the hotel hallway naked.
A$AP Bari knew about the pending investigation before connecting through London because cops contacted him to come in for an interview. The rapper has since bonded out of jail but his passport was confiscated so he can never leave London until the case wrapped up.
More A$AP Mob News
A$AP Bari Sues Woman Who Accused Him Of Sexual Assault
A$AP Mob Album “Cozy Tapes Vol. 2” (Listen)
ASAP Mob Album “Cozy Tapes, Vol. 1: Friends” – Stream Full
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Urologic oncology is a multidisciplinary field that incorporates innovative surgical technology, systemic treatments such as chemotherapy, as well as a focused research effort. As a Professor of Urology and the Clinical Director of Urologic Oncology, I continually interact with colleagues in the areas of medical oncology, radiation oncology, and pathology, among others, in order to provide the most comprehensive and innovative care for our patients with prostate, bladder, kidney and testicular cancer. Advances in robotic technology, along with scientific progress in our precision medicine program, have allowed us to direct therapy in unprecedented ways. As a leader in this area, I look forward to continued advances in this exciting and challenging field.
Dr. Douglas Scherr is a Professor of Urology and the Clinical Director of Urologic Oncology at the Weill Cornell Medicine.
Dr. Scherr received his undergraduate degree in Government at Cornell University. After a year teaching English in Shenyang, China, Dr. Scherr completed his medical training at The George Washington University School of Medicine in Washington, D.C. Following this, he completed a 6 year residency in Urology at The New York Hospital-Cornell University Medical Center. Subsequently, Dr. Scherr went on to pursue a Fellowship in Urologic Oncology at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York for two years. Beginning in 2001, Dr. Scherr has been on the full time faculty in the Department of Urology at Cornell where he has his current appointment. Dr. Scherr also holds an appointment at the Rockefeller University in New York.
Dr. Scherr’s clinical focus is the treatment of urologic malignancies -- in particular, the treatment of prostate cancer, bladder cancer, kidney cancer, and testicular cancers, as well as genitourinary and retroperitoneal sarcomas. Dr. Scherr was the first physician at Weill Cornell to perform a robotic prostatectomy. He has since performed hundreds of these procedures and travels nationally and internationally teaching the procedure to many urologic surgeons. Dr. Scherr has expanded his robotic practice in Manhattan to now include robotic-assisted removal of bladders with total bladder reconstructions. Dr. Scherr has published extensively in the areas of bladder and prostate cancer as well a wide variety of other urologic malignancies.
In addition to his clinical responsibilities, Dr. Scherr also has an active role in the Laboratory of Urologic Oncology. Dr. Scherr has been instrumental in defining the hormonal regulation of bladder cancer and is now developing a novel class of compounds that utilize the innate immune system to fight urologic tumors. From a technology front, Dr. Scherr is currently working on the development of a non-invasive means to assess human tissue at the microscopic level. To this end, he has patented and developed the concept of “multiphoton endoscopy,” which utilizes high speed laser energy to create high quality microscopic images of human tissue. This breakthrough has vast applications in cystoscopy, colonoscopy and bronchoscopy among others. Dr. Scherr is collaborating with engineers and physicists at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York on this project.
Dr. Scherr sits on several advisory boards in companies involved in urologic technology development. In particular, Dr. Scherr has been influential in the ergonomics of robotic technology. In addition, he has been quite active in the development of optical coherence tomography and its application to urologic imaging. Dr. Scherr collaborates with many scientists within the Weill Cornell community and is currently evaluating the role of adipose inflammation and cancer as well as the functional role of the intestinal microbiome and prostate cancer. Dr. Scherr is married with three children and resides in Westchester, NY.
"One of the best. I have been a patient of Dr. Scherr for almost 2 years. His office is extremely organized, the staff is friendly, his appointments go on time, he is super experienced in bladder cancer and treatments and he always orders any tests when necessary. I am a bladder cancer survivor and require periodic surveillance. When I go in for my scheduled surveillance cystoscopies, any blood work and lab tests are done right there in the office lab, I go in to the exam room and am quickly prepped, then Dr. Scherr comes in and does the cystoscopy using the latest equipment. There is no discomfort and the exam is done quickly. I feel that my health is in excellent hands. Thank you, Dr. Scherr and staff." - via Vitals on APril 17, 2018
"The best. I am so great full to have had him as my surgeon. He performed byo bladder surgery and I have to say I am 100% back to my old self." - Caroline G. via Healthgrades on November 22, 2017
"I feel very fortunate to have found Dr Scherr when I did (late 2013). It was easy to entrust my situation to him. He was supportive and straight forward as he clearly laid out my options in layman's terms. I do not believe I could have been in better hands."
"The best of the best, with great bed side manner. His staff is outstanding and complements Dr. Scherr." - Robert S.
"Dr Scherr made room for me in his schedule for an operation that couldn't wait. He is quiet gifted surgeon who I feel blessed to have been led to. He was confident and put us at ease" - James C.
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WARREN: Ted Lindsay's Valley roots, catching up with Dzingel and Duchene and Noel signs with Panthers
Ken Warren
Updated: March 8, 2019 7:59 PM EDT
When Detroit Red Wings great Ted Lindsay died at the age of 93 earlier this week, it hit the hockey world hard.
The Ottawa Senators paid tribute by honouring Lindsay with a moment of silence before Thursday’s game against the New York Islanders.
It also hit home for Grant McCagg. A writer and hockey scout who knows the roads and rinks of the Ottawa Valley better than anyone, McCagg has translated his passion for the game and his community into a self-published book that chronicles the rich histories of the best and brightest players who have come out of the valley.
Valley Snapshots is headlined by Lindsay, a Renfrew native who McCagg interviewed back in 2001.
“He really was a legend,” McCagg said of Lindsay, a Hall of Famer who played on Detroit’s famed Production Line alongside Gordie Howe and Sid Abel. Lindsay was a pioneer for improving players’ rights and compensation in an era when NHL owners tried to blackball skaters who challenged the salary status quo.
“I didn’t know what to think going in (to the interview),” said McCagg. “I knew he had a reputation as being crusty, tough and rough and tumble, and I didn’t know how he would treat me. But he was so respectful. We got into his career and he told some great stories.”
. . / .
THE LINDSAY BACKGROUND
As McCagg’s profile outlines, Lindsay’s roots in hockey came naturally enough.
His mother, Maude, was born in Renfrew and she married Bert Lindsay, a former Montana ranch hand who moved to the valley and became a goaltender for the legendary Renfrew Millionaires. The Millionaires challenged for the Stanley Cup in 1910.
Ted was born in Renfrew in 1925, the youngest of nine children.
During the Depression, the family moved to Kirkland Lake – “the largest gold mines in the British Empire,” according to Ted – and Ted eventually found his hockey calling in Northern Ontario in the 1940s.
NAMES AND NICKNAMES
McCagg, a second cousin of late great Ottawa Senators general manager Bryan Murray, was born in Shawville and grew up in Renfrew and Pembroke.
Over the years, he has published several newspapers and magazines in the valley and spent countless nights in arenas, exercising his hockey passion by scouting young prospects.
Through all of that, he was always intrigued by the tales of the star hockey players from the region who tasted life in the NHL.
From Frank Nighbor to original Senator Frank Finnigan to the Slaters (Terry, Peter, D’Arcy and Mark) to the Murrays (Terry and Bryan) to Rod Schutt to Jim Peplinski to Ray Sheppard to Dale McTavish, McCagg says it’s remarkable how so many of the players and/or families are linked to each other in one way or another.
“The one thing I realized is how small the hockey world is,” he said.
Anyone interested in learning more about Valley Snapshots can check out recrutes.ca.
SENATORS STAY AT MINIMUM
Following Thursday’s workout at Canadian Tire Centre, the Senators flew to Boston with a bare minimum 18 skaters – 12 forwards and six defencemen.
That included Anthony Duclair, who was nursing a swollen foot after taking a shot off the foot during the 4-2 loss to the Islanders. Interim head coach Marc Crawford says he expects Duclair to be able to play Saturday against the Bruins. If he’s unable to play, the Senators will recall a forward from Belleville of the AHL … Belleville played the second game of back-to-back games in Cleveland Friday. On Thursday, Cleveland defeated Belleville 2-1, ending the B-Sens’ 17-game streak without a regulation loss Defenceman Christian Jaros remained in Ottawa, nursing a hamstring injury. Crawford says there’s an outside chance Jaros could join the Senators in time for Monday’s game against Philadelphia.
The stats will change soon enough, but the dearly departed Matt Duchene, Ryan Dzingel and Mark Stone have yet to put up big numbers with their new teams.
Duchene, traded to Columbus for prospects Vitaly Abramov, Jonathan Davidsson and a first-round pick, has one goal and two assists in eight games with the Blue Jackets.
Dzingel, dealt to the Blue Jackets for Duclair and two second-round picks, has two assists in six games. Duclair has two goals and two assists in seven games with the Senators.
And did anyone expect Oscar Lindberg to outscore Stone – even for a game or two? Lindberg, who came to the Senators in the swap, along with top prospect defenceman Erik Brannstrom, has three goals in six games with Ottawa. Stone has two assists in five games with Vegas.
Strange, but true.
NOEL SIGNS WITH PANTHERS
Ottawa native Serron Noel, who has scored 32 goals and 43 assists in 62 games with the Oshawa Generals, signed an entry-level deal with Florida Friday. Noel was drafted by the Panthers last summer. His father, Dean, was a running back with the Ottawa Rough Riders and Hamilton Tiger-Cats.
ALSO IN THE NEWS:
WARREN: Ted Lindsay’s Valley roots, catching up with Dzingel and Duchene and Noel signs with Panthers
GARRIOCH: Ottawa Senators offer olive branch to fans after difficult season
Lindberg finds the range, but stays mum about his future
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The world’s best-selling, longest-running consumer weekly photographic magazine, first published in October 1884.
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You are at:Home»News»IndraSoft Inc. Completes ISO 27001:2013 Certification of Information Security Management System
IndraSoft Inc. Completes ISO 27001:2013 Certification of Information Security Management System
By Lauren Budik March 2, 2015 No Comments
Neeraja Lingam, IndraSoft Inc.
Reston, Va.-based IndraSoft Inc. announced Feb. 20 that it has completed the ISO 27001:2013 certification of its Information Security Management System. The certification covers IndraSoft’s Information Security processes.
“ISO 27001 certification is an important milestone for IndraSoft and demonstrates our dedication and commitment to Information Security Process improvements,” IndraSoft Executive Vice President Raj Lingam said. “Since the inception of the company, IndraSoft focused on building quality, service and security processes to ensure that every system we deliver fully satisfies our customers’ requirements and meets our common process framework that IndraSoft developed combining ISO standards and CMMI Processes. We are pleased to get our processes validated by an independent auditor.”
ISO 27001:2013 is a security certification standard that’s developed to provide a model for establishing, implementing, operating, monitoring and maintaining an information security management system (ISMS). Certification to the ISO 27001:2013 standard requires an accredited third-party auditing organization to thoroughly review a company’s information security management system.
Related: 2014 Greater Washington GovCon Awards Winners Unveiled; Includes Octo Consulting, AMERICAN SYSTEMS and Eagle Ray
IndraSoft Inc. ISO certification WashingtonExec
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For those of you who have been captivated by the carnage that Sandy has caused, please…
For those of you who have been captivated by the carnage that Sandy has caused, please read this post from +Jason Joseph and click through the links below.
Reshared post from +Jason Joseph
From a New Yorker To YOU The people Of Google Plus… The People Of The World:
How You Can Help #hurricanesandy victims. It Is WORSE Than You Imagine! My only wish is that you will PLEASE Take a moment to read this post and consider this:
While speaking with friends from around the world, I've come to realize that while the news and images have struck a chord with many…. there are still many more people who just do NOT realize the *sheer amount of devastation* that this storm has had in its path from Haiti all the way to New York City.
More than 40 dead 109!!As of Saturday Morning HALF (20)of those in my home town of Staten Island NY Im crushed. ( we also had the highest death toll during 9/11.. not a happy place.. I think Im moving to LA! )
I'm sharing TWO things: *Images/videos* (linked below) that truly showcase just how horrific the storm was, and secondly and more importantly… a list of how you can help!
Videos of just how bad it truly is:
RAW VIDEO – Belmar NJ Hurricane Sandy Flooding in Belmar, NJ ( WOW!)
Hurricane Sandy Aftermath: Staten Island Angry Over Delayed Storm Recovery
Hurricane Sandy Aftermath Video: Inside the Chaos of Breezy Point, N.Y.
Hurricane Sandy cuts power to more than 8 million homes – NewsX
Martial Law Declared In Parts of NJ – Hurricane Sandy Fuel Shortage
Landmarks and memories blown away by Hurricane Sandy
Military Jets Deliver Utility Trucks From California to New York for Hurricane Sandy Power Repairs
Hurricane Sandy Super Storm Slams East Coast States (HD)
Staten Island Hotel Owner Gives Away NYC Marathon Runners' Rooms to Sandy Victims: http://goo.gl/miKSQ <LOTS of TRULY amazing videos on that page 5 of them!
User Submitted Photos To CBS:
http://newyork.cbslocal.com/photo-galleries/2012/10/30/aftermath-of-sandy-user-submitted-photos/photo-541960/
HERE IS HOW YOU CAN HELP:
(EDIT:) GOOGLE MAP of FREE WIFI in NYC http://goo.gl/LKFPT Provided by +Jeris JC Miller !
HURRICANE SANDY RELIEF FOUNDATION: https://plus.google.com/108250822369704056776/posts
NEW YORK CARES is accepting volunteer applications: http://newyorkcares.org/volunteer/disaster/__
THE RED CROSS is looking for volunteers Shifts are 12-hours and volunteers work over multiple days. Training will be afforded to those without experience.Individual donations or collections are not accepted. "The cost to sort, package and distribute these types of donations to disaster victims is usually greater than the cost of purchasing the items locally, and it is logistically impossible to distribute a wide variety of individual items in a meaningful and equitable way." Instead, make a financial gift via *www.redcross.org** 1-800-RED-CROSS* (1-800-733-2767) If you want to make a quick $10.00 donation to the Red Cross: * text the word REDCROSS to 90999*
John Jay High School in Park Slope Brooklyn, which was set up as an evacuation shelter, is looking for volunteers to work six to eight hour shifts helping out. *Contact them here:* http://goo.gl/JMeCK
You can Donate Blood to the American Red Cross: http://www.redcrossblood.org/donating-blood
*The Salvation Army is providing *meals and shelter. _"At this point, in-kind donations, such as used clothing and used furniture, are not being accepted for hurricane relief._ However, these items are vital to supporting the day-to-day work of your local Salvation Army," the organization said Tuesday in a press release
Humane Society's Animal Rescue Team is assembling staff and equipment to help rescue pets in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast. Phone: 301-258-8276
HABITAT FOR HUMANITY Habitat, an international organization, helps those in need rebuild their homes after disaster strikes. You can call Habitat's Partner Service Center at 800-HABITAT (422-4828).
COMMUNITY FOODBANK OF NEW JERSEY
This group coordinates efforts with the state's Office of Emergency Management, as well as with state and local nonprofit organizations. Phone: *(908) 355- FOOD (3663), ext. 243.*
The organization will deliver food, water and supplies to communities in need through its network of food banks and the agencies they serve. Their Website: http://feedingamerica.org/* Their phone number 800-910-5524
AMERICARES This group provides emergency medicine and supplies. Donations are accepted on its accepts donations on their website: *http://www.americares.org/howtohelp/***
DIRECT RELIEF INTERNATIONAL
The organization provides medicine and supplies to partner health centers and clinics. Text message: Text the word RELIEF to 27722 to give $10.
UNITED METHODIST COMMITTEE ON RELIEF
Provides immediate relief, assistance with cleanup and rebuilding, pastoral counseling and support for children and youth who have been through trauma.Text message: Text the word RESPONSE to 80888 to give a $10 donation . Phone: 800-554-8583
JEWISH FEDERATIONS OF NORTH AMERICA The Jewish Federations of North America Hurricane Relief Fund will contribute to recovery and rebuilding. *Text message*: Text the word RELIEF to 51818 to pledge a donation.
WORLD VISION Describing itself as "a Christian humanitarian organization dedicated to working with children, families" and communities, World Vision provides flood clean-up kits, hygiene kits, blanket and food kits. Text message: Text the word GIVEUSA to 777444 to donate $10
BREEZY POINT FUND RAISER
One of the most badly damaged communities in Sandy's wake is Breezy Point, Queens. Catholic University student Matthew Petronis created a website: *http://goo.gl/OOmqU* to help his community rebuild. "I have seen the damage and can say that the place where I grew up during my childhood is almost gone," he wrote on the page, "but that is not the case for the children that are growing up now!"
PLACES ACEPTING DONATIONS ON STATEN ISLAND: Staten Island is in desperate need of help http://www.silive.com/news/index.ssf/2012/11/how_you_can_help_staten_island.html
STATEN ISLAND HELP:
If you would like to *drop off donations of clothing or other tangible goods* in person, there is a distribution center at Miller Field, New Dorp Lane, *Staten Island, NY* (718) 351-6970. At this location there are representatives from FEMA, National Guard, Red Cross and Salvation Army. (I grew up here… the beach community is devastated)
Also, the FBI has counseled on its Facebook page "to beware of fraudulent emails and websites claiming to conduct charitable relief efforts. Disasters prompt individuals with criminal intent to solicit contributions purportedly for a charitable organization or a good cause," and suggests reading http://www.ic3.gov/media/2011/110311.aspx_
It is my prayer that you will take a moment to CONSIDER simply SHARING this if you do nothing else. I know people who had their homes abolished! Please help out in any small way you can.
I'll leave you with this.. a song "Dream On" Aerosmith Hurricane Sandy Coming Together *My way of saying thank you for listening, caring enough to share, and for scrolling down this far!*
~j.j.
(Shared using #DoShare )
Embedded Link
Hurricane Sandy: After Landfall
Last night, Hurricane Sandy — the largest Atlantic tropical system on record — made landfall just south of Atlantic City, New Jersey, bringing winds up to 90 mph (150 kph), and pushing a massive sto…
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Post imported by Google+Blog. Created By Daniel Treadwell.
2 Comments for For those of you who have been captivated by the carnage that Sandy has caused, please…
wrong Jason +Thomas Vaclavek …. a worthy share though…
Thomas Vaclavek
Oh, oops. Sorry about that.
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#Ibiza
Advertise Your Music
#Ibiza, Editorials, Events
Steve Angello headlines Ushuaïa Garden of Madness takeover
Having made its debut last year, Tomorrowland‘s Garden of Madness residency returned to Ushuaïa Ibiza this summer for 14 weeks. Headlined once again by Belgian brothers Dimitri Vegas & Like Mike, this summer the residency once again proved to be one of the most exciting and inspiring on the island. Last week, Steve Angello took over the residency for one night, taking the reins from the duo in spectacular style.
Every week, Ushuaïa is turned into Tomorrowland, decorated completely in truly mythical style. The weekly residency is the closest experience to Tomorrowland that fans can enjoy without visiting the real festival. The venue is decked top to bottom in ornate decoration, with flowers adorning the shining stage. Complete with a temporary tattoo booth and flower crowns, attendees are able to truly immerse themselves in the world of Tomorrowland, a world of mythical adventure.
The lineup for the takeover was as stacked as ever, with Spanish techno maestro José María Ramón providing the perfect set to get the party started. Dutch rising star Vito Mendez was up next, having only recently stormed to fame after his collaboration with Sidney Samson, ‘Raveheart‘ was released on Smash The House. Angemi was up next and the Italian producer was quick to gain the support of the waiting audience. Dropping a number of huge hits spanning the electronic music spectrum from big room to progressive house, Angemi effortlessly provoked a huge crowd reaction, proving exactly why he is one of the industry’s most promising upcoming artists.
Australian sisters NERVO were next to take to the stage, delivering a high-energy set filled with big room anthems. Taking the atmosphere in the open-air club to the next level, the duo effortlessly navigated from hit to hit, provoking mayhem in the crowd with each and every drop. Highlights included Armin van Buuren‘s collaboration with Vini Vici and Hilight Tribe, ‘Great Spirit‘, and NERVO’s own collaboration with Ummet Ozcan and R3hab, ‘Revolution‘. Maintaining ferocity throughout their set, they brought their performance to a close in truly spectacular style, as the crowd eagerly awaited the final performance of the night.
Steve Angello took to the stage and instantly unleashed his world-famous hit ‘Rejoice‘, with the vocal echoing around Ushuaïa resulting in cheers from the waiting crowd. The Swedish icon effortlessly navigated from hit to hit including Swedish House Mafia and Knife Party‘s ‘Antidote‘, Congorock‘s ‘Babylon‘, Avicii‘s ‘Levels‘, and his own mashup of Arty‘s ‘Hey Now‘ remix and Kryder‘s ‘Aphrodite‘. The whole set was accompanied by stunning pyrotechnics including fireworks and confetti, leaving the audience in awe. Later on in the performance, Steve Angello dropped a number of Swedish House Mafia classics including ‘Don’t You Worry Child‘, ‘Miami 2 Ibiza‘, ‘One‘ and ‘Save The World‘, resulting in a huge reaction from the crowd. At the very end of his set, he left fans in shock after announcing on the microphone “hopefully see you next year with Swedish House Mafia”, leading to a huge amount of speculation.
The whole event was fueled with adrenaline, sensational visuals and out-of-this-world performances from the artists. With such an exciting experience on offer for those in attendance, it is unsurprising that the venue is packed every Tuesday with dedicated fans. After two successful seasons on the island, the Belgian brothers look set to return next year with their Garden of Madness residency, bringing along even more A-list artists.
Tags: Angemi, Dimitri Vegas & Like Mike, Garden of Madness, NERVO, steve angello, Ushuaia Ibiza
About the Author / Amy Shaw
23 year old dance music addict from the UK.
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VNPS members enjoy the natural world and support efforts to preserve Virginia’s native plants. Ranging in age from students to seniors, VNPS includes professionals, knowledgeable amateurs and many who are just beginning to learn about our flora. While some members join enthusiastically in activities, others help out occasionally or support the society solely with their memberships and their interest. All are welcome.
The BULLETIN, published five times each year and filled with timely articles, and your Chapter Newsletter. The VNPS Annual Meeting, hosted by chapters around the state, offering an opportunity to hear exemplary speakers and see native plants.
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The Virginia Native Plant Society (VNPS), founded in 1982 as the Virginia Wildflower Preservation Society, is a nonprofit organization of individuals who share an interest in Virginia’s native plants and habitats. The Society and its chapters seek to further the appreciation and conservation of this priceless heritage.
As a member of VNPS, you will be part of an organization that strives to have a positive impact on the future of the Commonwealth of Virginia. VNPS supports a variety of programs, which include:
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In everything it does, the Virginia Native Plant Society emphasizes respect for the natural environment.
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First Name Directory - Starting with H
This site is dedicated to maintaining a database of first names from all over the world. We are still working to add all meanings to the names and sort them by gender, ethic and other behavior.
Most names come from the European and Arab area, especially italian, spanish, french and german firstnames.
More female spanish first names:
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In the data base are, apart from modern and traditional first names also American, Arab, Germans, English, French, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Latin, Dutch, Northern, Russian, Scandinavian, Slavian, Spanish, and Swedish first names.
Home - Privacy - Links - Contact
Note: With an international list of names it can occur that some first names are identical to label names. Hereby we point out that all used marks are property of their respective owners.
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Chica Papillon
La vie d'incertitude…
About the author: Vanessa Emily Smeets
Tag Archives: Stellenbosch University
My heritage has no colour
Posted on September 20, 2015 by vsmeets
VANESSA SMEETS
Just in time for Heritage Week in South Africa, a time when we come together to celebrate our diversity and uniqueness, I found myself in an unexpected racist spat on Facebook.
The Stellenbosch debate
The person involved had made a comment about Stellenbosch University being racist for not becoming anglicized. There are two sides to this debate: Yes, Stellenbosch University is trying to preserve its Afrikaans heritage and culture by remaining as Afrikaans as possible but it does try to accommodate English speaking students with the T-option (bilingualism) in certain broad under-grad modules and most of post-grad is English, as well as all the textbooks.
I admit that I made the fatal mistake of defending my old university first, instead of the angry person’s argument. I completed my Honours there and Afrikaans was probably my most dreaded subject at school. Being white does not mean I speak Afrikaans, just as much as being black does not mean you speak isiZulu. However, Stellenbosch was the only university that offered such a brilliant practical course in such a short time frame.
Yes, I struggled when the lecturers would accidentally slip into Afrikaans, but, one has to admit, it’s not such a difficult language… There are only three tenses, unlike English or French who have variants of past, present and future, depending on the context or even type of writing. French, for example, uses a fascinating tense of “simple past” reserved only for certain written texts.
White supremacist? No, idealist.
Anyway, bringing this up only added fuel to the fire. This old school pal, then proceeded to tell me I should go back to Europe with my “white supremacy tendencies.” My blood, like most, is filled with exceptional love stories: the Jew who fell in love with a German, the Belgian with the Congolese, the Walloon with the Flemish (tribal ‘rivalries’ of Belgium)… Maybe only 20% of me actually belongs in Europe. Do not be fooled by my shell, because I am actually a product of the forbidden and I embrace it, because a lot of people went through hell to love the one they knew was meant for them.
Education as key
The thing is, a good teacher is one that does not see colour, gender or religion. Eight years of teaching have taught me this: every child is unique and parents are the biggest factors in determining how the child behaves or performs academically at school. It doesn’t matter whether the child is orange, pink or blue, if the mom and dad treat the child with equal amounts of attention, the child is at peace at school. If one of the parent is not part of the child’s life, the child does start to seek certain amounts of attention from the gender that is missing. Every child cries they same when he/ she is not invited to a certain party, to the jungle gym or when he/she falls off the swing. Every child smiles the same after seeing mommy or daddy after a long day of work. Every child is exceptionally proud when you say: “Keep up the great work!”
Do they see colour or religion on the playground? Definitely not before the age of seven, unless parents have made a fuss of it at home. The only thing they do see at this age is gender:
“Boys? Oh gross, they are so dirty and rough!”
“Girls? I don’t want to be made the dad in that ‘house-house’ game all the time.”
At age seven, they enter primary school and are exposed to an even more diverse group of people. Teachers say things they shouldn’t necessarily say. They also converse or play with older children that have been exposed to more.
At age nine and ten, children don’t worry so much about the social aspects of school, but start a deep journey of self-analysis:
What do I like?
What are my needs?
Why am I feeling this way?
This, I believe is the time they are the most sensitive to topics like racism. Now that I’m teaching this age, I made it my duty to teach them “the rights of the child” first. At the end of their short presentations, I asked them the same question:
“Which to you is the most important?”
Every answer, from 27 different mouths: “To be loved.”
“Because if I do not feel loved, I cannot love others. I cannot accept them.”
“If I do not feel loved, I will always feel jealous of others.”
“If I do not feel loved, I will refuse to see anyone’s own point of view.”
“If I do not feel loved, I will never experience peace.”
“If I do not feel loved, I will never feel secure with myself or others.”
This to me is the cure to racism: a simple yet over empowering act: to love selflessly, to see others’ point of view.
So, to that old school friend that has been tarnished by a certain person’s group or actions, I apologize – my heritage has no colour. It is a spectrum of experiences, of life lessons, of the desire to learn from our youngest yet purest minds.
“Oh great, you teach black children?! Get over your white saviour complex.”
To that school pal, I am not just a teacher… I am actually the one being taught every single day. You insulted my race and I felt nothing. You proceeded to call me “an embarrassment to my late grandmother” who is of mixed race, and I felt my blood boil, because it became personal. You then proceeded by insulting my life force, which is teaching.
If it were not for the children I teach every day, I would have probably become as bitter as you. But I have hope not only for South Africa, but for every adult. As adults, we need to keep quiet and let our children explain life… Because we have obviously forgotten what it feels like to be curious about others, to listen to their stories, to be proud of all diversity and most importantly to think before acting… And to love and accept others with our all.
Posted in campus life, feature, life experiences, life philosophy, opinion, politics | Tagged Advice, Africa, heritage, race, South Africa, Stellenbosch University | Leave a reply
Maties’ “gay kiss” goes viral
Posted on August 18, 2010 by vsmeets
UCT students participate in the fun of Stellenbosch’s annual kissing festival. The publication of the image has caused an outcry amongst conservative groups. PHOTO: VANESSA SMEETS (copyrighted)
In memory of a wonderful friend and inspiration, Bjorn Czepan. Bjorn died in a car accident three weeks after the kiss made headlines. He will also be remembered for his work with the poor and trying to make a change in South Africa.
VANESSA SMEETS, photo editor Die Matie
When Die Matie, Stellenbosch’s respected campus newspaper, decided to go ahead and publish my photo of two men kissing at its annual kissing festival “Soen in Die Laan,” we knew it would ruffle a few conservative feathers. We, however, did not anticipate such a national response.
In 2008, Stellenbosch beat a record of 7000 people participating in an hour of passionate kissing. Although Lesbigay, Stellenbosch’s lesbian, gay and bisexual society, is ten years old, it is the first time they participated. Gay societies from other universities were invited as well.
The two men in the picture are actually UCT students, but the picture was chosen as the front page for two reasons. Firstly, it was a sincere kiss captured in the moment . They didn’t seem uncomfortable and didn’t even realise I was there. Also, there are straight couples noticeable in the background, which added great context. Afterwards, I asked them if I could use it and both agreed it was a sincere kiss, not dirty in any way. Secondly, it showed that Lesbigay participated for the first time and even managed to get other gay societies to join.
“The response has been phenomenal,” says Robbie Millan, the chairperson of Lesbigay. His inbox has been left with messages of congratulations, motivation (“I want to be like you”) and even confessions by in-closet students of feeling proud and crying tears of joy. Because homophobia has been rearing its ugly head since the publication of the picture, Lesbigay has trying to get more involved with its members and hopes to open a counselling centre for gay students by the end of the year.
It is my first week as the new photo editor and my first front page. Now, there is a par to maintain, which I’m a little anxious about. We never intended the picture to be sensational or become tabloid-like, as some people have accused us of. But, what a rippling effect it has caused… Even OFM news in the Free State wrote a piece on it. It made its way to page 3 of Die Rapport last Sunday, then landed on Nuus24.com, Eye Witness News and iAfrica.com.
The phone hasn’t stopped ringing by journalists from newspapers and radio stations intrigued by the hype, the reactions and the future of Die Matie. It’s been really interesting to see how they interpret the whole situation. While some have done a clumsy job in news-writing (getting facts and names wrong, adding juicy details to quotes), others have gone the extra mile of getting even a response from the university. The university has stated in Die Burger (18 August, page 3) that it supports all races and sexual identities and does not condone discriminatory behaviour.
Listen to my MFM (Matie FM) interview:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rPb7q5eniIE
I love being a journalist, especially when you know your photos and writing make a difference. I worked three years as an in-depth reporter at Perdeby, University of Pretoria’s campus newspaper, which is where I learnt that even a little controversy in a student newspaper can finally make people read it.
I once wrote a piece on casual sex amongst students, which had a great response from students and lecturers. The same can be said about this picture. While I would’ve preferred them using a picture from two Matie students (who happened to be white and coloured) in a passionate embrace, our editor decided “baby steps.” The reaction on a homosexual couple and, on top of that, inter-racial would have caused even more of an outcry.
Students reactions have been so diverse. While some have been congratulating us for “courage, change and endeavour,” others have been accusing us of boycotting the beauty behind the festival and being “fag hags”. I found many issues of the paper scribbled with hate speech, mutilated or torn to shreds. Some even went as far as changing one of the kissers into a woman. Others have used the paper as dart boards or teasing their friends and house-mates by writing their names above the kissers. Some took dozens of papers to show their friends or to throw them away. By the end of the afternoon, no issues were left lying around. It is our best response to an issue in four years.
It feels like there’s a revolution taking place on campus… Change is good and keeps society healthy.
Lesbigay claims that next year they will try to get a much bigger group and prove they have as much a right as straight people to show their affections in public. Let’s hope by that time, Stellenbosch’s students would have accepted all human rights. After all, it’s a time of sexual freedom in an age where our freedom of expression has been targeted more frequently. Rise up, South Africa, and realise we fought hard to get this far… What a frightening ideal for some.
Here is a list of all the links:
Die Rapport:
Spoeg spat op Maties
http://www.rapport.co.za/Suid-Afrika/Nuus/Spoeg-spat-op-Maties-20100814
News24.com:
Maties gons oor mansvryers in kampuskoerant. http://www.nuus24.com/Suid-Afrika/Nuus/Maties-gons-oor-mansvryers-in-kampuskoerant-20100815
Eye Witness News:
University newspaper’s front-page kiss gets tongues wagging. http://www.ewn.co.za/articleprog.aspx?id=46488
OFM News:
Die Matie voorbladfoto veroorsaak opskudding.
http://www.ofm.co.za/news.asp?nid=11125
iAfrica.com: Gay kiss photo furore: http://news.iafrica.com/sa/2593980.htm
Homophobia still present: http://www.2oceansvibe.com/2010/08/17/stellenbosch-guffaws-at-predictably-scandalous-uct-students/
iol.co.za: Tongues wagging after Stellenbosch kiss: http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?click_id=13&art_id=vn20100817045312587C979279&set_id=
Cape Camp Culture: Gay kiss makes front page of Die Matie – Stellies newspaper: http://cape-camp-culture.blogspot.com/2010/08/gay-kiss-makes-front-page-of-die-matie.html
Mambagirl.com: Furore over Stellenbosch kiss: http://www.mambagirl.com/article.asp?artid=4752
Towleroad.com: Gay blog… http://www.towleroad.com/2010/08/gay-kiss-photo-stirs-outrage-sales-for-south-african-student-paper.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+towleroad%2Ffeed+(Towleroad+Daily++%23gay+news)
College Media Matters: Gay Kiss Photo in South African Student Newspaper Sparks Anger, Praise: http://collegemediamatters.com/2010/08/17/gay-kiss-photo-in-south-african-student-newspaper-sparks-anger-praise/
Media update: Varsity newspaper front page sparks debate: http://www.mediaupdate.co.za/?idstory=29071
Gay kiss photo stirs outrage, sales for South African student newspaper: http://www.topix.com/za/stellenbosch/2010/08/gay-kiss-photo-stirs-outrage-sales-for-south-african-student-paper
Topix.com: What happens when a South African student newspaper lets gays kiss on the front page: http://www.queerty.com/what-happens-when-a-south-african-student-newspaper-lets-gays-kiss-on-the-front-page-20100816/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+queerty2+%28Queerty%29
Skadi Forum Germanic Online Community: “Gay kiss” photo furore: http://forums.skadi.net/showthread.php?s=2fabf69f51b752335ce3fb0dba7c7b67&p=1021199#post1021199
My radio interview: Interview with John Maytham: http://www.capetalk.co.za
JOHN MAYTHAM 17 August 2010 3:15 PM
Gay kiss sparks controversy on campus
The new issue of ‘Die Matie’ shows two men kissing during the annual ‘Soen in die Laan’ (Kiss in the Avenue) event at Stellenbosch University. It seems to have sparked a huge debate on campus, with some conservative students slamming it, while others have praised it. Copies of the newspaper were even defaced and slashed as some students what they perceive as the ‘impropriety’ of the image. Reaction on social media sites, Facebook and Twitter has been large. Vanessa Smeets took the photo and it was a joined editorial decision to have it published in the university newspaper.
Guest: Vanessa Smeets
Organisation: Die Matie newspaper
Position: Photo editor
Posted in campus life, Homophobia, Journalism, relationships | Tagged campus newspaper, Die Matie, freedom of expression, gay community, gay kiss, homophobia, homosexual, kiss, kissing festival, Lesbigay, Maties, sexual freedom, sexual identity, Soen in daai Laan, Soen in die Laan, Stellenbosch University, students, UCT | 18 Replies
vsmeets
RT @STROOP_film: Really informative article on the work HRH Prince William and his charity @united4wildlife are doing to grab the higher-up… 1 month ago
RT @STROOP_film: Absolutely phenomenal review in the @SundayTimesZA today: "This is the most emotive documentary I have ever watched... It… 1 month ago
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@natgeo #SaveOurOceans #SymphonyForOurWorldSweepstakes 🐡🐠🐠🐠🐠🐠🐠🐠🐠🐠🐡 🐡🆘🆘🆘🐬🐳🐋🆘🆘🆘🐡 🐡🆘🆘🆘🆘🦈🆘🆘🆘🆘🐡 🐡🆘🆘🆘🆘🆘🆘🆘🆘🆘🐡 🐡🌊🆘🆘🆘🆘🆘🆘🆘🌊🐡… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 3 months ago
RT @AkankshaSri_: BUSY 🐝🐝🐝 🐝🐝🐝 🐝🐝🐝 🐝 🐝 🐝 🐝 🐝🐝🐝 🐝🐝 🐝🐝 🐝 🐝 🐝 🐝 🐝🐝🐝 🐝🐝🐝 🐝🐝… 3 months ago
#zimbabwe
Bang Bang Club
Die Matie
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Love/ lust
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الباباوات
دوائر الكوريا الرومانية
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فرنسيس رسائل 2013
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Letter to participants in the 13th Meeting of the Basic Ecclesial Communities in Brazil [Diocese of Crato, 7-11 January 2014] - 17 December 2013
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Letter to the new Special Envoy to the closing celebrations for the first centenary of the institution of the Ecclesiastical Province of Managua [Managua, Nicaragua, 2 December 2013] - 29 November 2013
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Letter to Card. Walter Brandmüller, Special Envoy to the celebrations for the 450th anniversary of the closing of the Ecumenical Council of Trent [Trent, 1st December 2013] - 19 November 2013
Letter to Card. Jorge Liberato Urosa Savino, Special Envoy to the closing celebrations for the first centenary of the institution of the Ecclesiastical Province of Managua [Managua, Nicaragua, 2 December 2013] - 12 November 2013
Preface by Pope Francis to the book of Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone on Papal Diplomacy - L'Osservatore Romano, 10 November 2013
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Letter to Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, Camerlengo of Holy Roman Church, on the occasion of his retirement from the office of Secretary of State - 15 October 2013
Letter to Card. Ferdinando Filoni, Special Envoy to the celebrations of the 4th American Missionary Congress (CAM 4) and of the 9th Latin American Missionary Congress (COMLA 9) [Maracaibo, Venezuela, 26 November - 1st December 2013] - 14 October 2013
Letter to Card. Cláudio Hummes, Special Envoy at the closing celebrations of the national pilgrimage to the relics of St. Roque Gonzalez de Santa Cruz and his companion martyrs, on the twenty-fifth anniversary of their canonization [Asunción, Paraguay, 15 November 2013] - 10 October 2013
Letter to Card. Raffaele Farina, S.D.B., Special Envoy to the celebrations for the first centenary of Sophia University of Tokyo [1st November 2013] - 7 October 2013
Chirograph by which a Council of Cardinals is established to assist the Holy Father in the governance of the universal Church and to study possible revisions of the Apostolic Constitution “Pastor Bonus” on the Roman Curia - 28 September 2013
Letter to Card. Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, Special Envoy to the celebrations of the 100th anniversary of the Archdiocese of Lille (France) [26-27 October 2013] - 16 September 2013
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Letter of the Holy Father to the Italian journalist Dr Eugenio Scalfari - 11 September 2013
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Letter to H.E. Mr Vladimir Putin, President of the Russian Federation, on the occasion of the G20 St. Petersburg Summit - 4 September 2013
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Letter to Card. Joachim Meisner, Archbishop of Köln, Special Envoy to the celebrations for the 750th anniversary of the laying of the foundation stone of the Cathedral of Xanten [Germany, 13 October 2013] - 3 September 2013
Chirograph by which H.E. Msgr. Pietro Parolin is nominated Secretary of State - 31 August 2013
Chirograph of the Holy Father Francis for the institution of a Pontifical Commission for Reference on the Organisation of the economic-administrative structure of the Holy See - 18 July 2013
Letter to Card. Péter Erdő, Special Envoy to the celebration for the 600th anniversary of the "Baptism" of Samogizia (Western region of Lithuania) [Telšiai, 2-4 August 2013] - 27 June 2013
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Walks in Your Back Yard – CRD, BC
Walks in Your Back Yard
in the Capital Regional District of British Columbia, Canada
Copyright R. Eckard 2017
Thirteen communities form the Capital Regional District of British Columbia in Canada. There are also three electoral areas that are within the CRD: Juan de Fuca, Salt Spring Island and the Southern Gulf Islands. Located on the southern end of Vancouver Island, the hub of this district is the City of Victoria, the capital of the province. This blog describes the parks, playgrounds and green spaces that help form the wonderful urban woodlands within each community.
The Capital Regional District, occupied for over five thousand years, saw a huge population growth in the seventeen and eighteen hundreds that has continued to this day. This area hosts a population of nearly than half a million people.
Southern Vancouver Island is formed by unique and distinct groups or terraces due to the gradual movement of small sections of the earth’s crust. These are sedimentary, metamorphic and volcanic rocks. Some have significant glacial sediments which have been mined for gravel. The bedrocks have been classified in to Wrangellia, Leech River and Colwood collisions that occurred thousands of years ago. Many of the surface rocks show glacial striations from the Fraser Glacial period.
This region of Vancouver Island is in the Coastal Douglas fir zone that is notable for its very dry maritime environment. There are patches of drier areas that Garry oak meadows thrive and damper lands that are home to Coastal Western Hemlock forests.
Sidney-by-the-Sea
Juan de Fuca Electoral Area
Salt Spring Island Electoral Area
Southern Gulf Island Electoral Area
Connect with me if you want a walking coach.
Enjoy. Thank you.
Sources of further information for exploring your backyard:
Map of Vancouver Island Southern end
Map of Vancouver Island Northern end
Hiking Vancouver Island
Popular Day Hike: Vancouver Island
Plants of the Pacific Northwest
Gardening with Native Plants of the Pacific Northwest
Pacific Northwest Medicinal Plants
Trees and Shrubs of the Pacific Northwest
Seaside Walks on Vancouver Island
Hiking Trails 1: Southern Vancouver Island and Greater Victoria
Family Hikes and Walks on Vancouver Island
The Salish Sea
Secret Beaches of Greater Victoria
Flora of Southern British Columbia and Vancouver Island
West Coast Fossils
Explore the Salish Sea: for kids
Coastal Wildflowers of the Pacific Northwest
Views of the Salish Sea
Secret Lakes of Southern Vancouver Island
The Flora and Fauna of Coastal British Columbia and the Pacific Northwest
Plants of the Gulf and San Juan Islands and Southern Vancouver Island (Raincoast Pocket)
Endangered Orcas
Orcas Everywhere
Must See Birds of the Salish Sea
Haunting of Vancouver Island
Geology of Southern Vancouver Island
Hiking Adventures with Children on Southern Vancouver Island
P.S. Just so you know, I may receive a commission or compensation when you participate or purchase a product or service I recommend. Thus, I strive to offer practical content and resources in each post. Happy Exploring in your backyard.
Support Walks in Your Back Yard
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Cuomo Changes Tuition Rules for Fallen Service Members’ Kids
Slaven Vlasic/Getty Images
Everyone has an opinion on Governor Cuomo and how he's been doing with our state. Regardless of how you feel about him most of the time, it's hard to dislike this new change he's implementing.
Governor Cuomo just announced on April 17th that New York State will grant free tuition as well as room and board to the families of New York military members who may have been killed or disabled in the line of duty, according to WTEN.
As WTEN reported, "Cuomo said there's no need to wait for lawmakers to act, so he has directed education officials to begin covering tuition costs for dependents of fallen or permanently disabled service members."
This entire idea isn't completely new. New York State already covered tuition for the dependents of service members killed or disabled in combat or training but it wasn't all-inclusive. Cuomo did admit that the expansion will cost the state money but feels it's worth it for the cause that it will be helping.
Filed Under: children, fallen service members, gold star, government, governor cuomo, kids, military, tuition
Categories: Brian & Chrissy In the Morning, local news
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Old Speak
By dan from why.movie | December 3, 2015 | 0
Here’s the home page up until December 3, 2015. Before today, I was concerned with feeling competent and professional, yearning for some slight traction in this giant, out of control, crazy short film which has dragged on for 10 plus years. 🙂
My current paradigm is a retool of where I started, ergo that making this movie is about making myself. I started this project to launch a whole new version of me, more ambitious and amazing than ever before. Becoming a dude who lives his full potential. I love that.
I like the following because it’s a snapshot of me trying to find the way in an action only world, absentmindedly misplacing my magic and trying to move forward on organized effort alone. How I felt was important, sure, but not primary. This was a Dan slightly lost, trying to stand tall against a dark specter of frustration and heartbreak when the sparkling waters of eternal life are everywhere. DOG isn’t a problem, a heavy cross to bear, an obstacle to my happiness. It’s my golden ticket to full being, deep connection, all manner of groovy and excellent stuff. Clear, yes?
Gaze upon the vast vista of information that is the development reference for Daughter of God. What can we see?
An evolving development paradigm integrates elements of story, technical execution and distribution / connection.
“Simple reports about inventories and tasks, either projected or completed”. This blog could be a system for managing prioritizing tasks. Immediately, we’ll need to aggregate related content for prop design.
“The planning and progress reports are interesting as archives and yield some general insights, but they are not crucial to finishing the edit.” They are crucial for revealing best practices, and designing superior strategies, work habits and attitudes. Ultimately, this reference will also include all writings intended for public consumption, eg posts from the original DOGthemovie.com blog and future recreations of key events in the ‘making of’ such as Eiji ditching his stash at the Canadian border in full view of the immigration surveillance cameras.
Timeline of what was happening and why, for purposes of wrangling financial and expense information.
The spreadsheet “inventory”, which identifies media files will be imported and indexed if feasible.
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About WU
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Top Five Hacks to Overcome Writer Burnout
June 15, 2019 By Bill Ferris 5 Comments
Warning: Hacks for Hacks tips may have harmful side effects on your writing career, and should not be used by minors, adults, writers, poets, scribes, scriveners, journalists, or anybody.
You love writing. It’s your passion. Why, the only thing more fun that writing is telling people you’re a writer! But lately you feel like a fraud saying that. Not because of impostor syndrome, but because the thought of spending another few hours working on your book makes you want to set your house on fire. And while arson can erase a great many writing sins, that’s a subject for a future column. Today, we’re only dealing with metaphorical fires, by which I mean burnout.
Burnout is sometimes mistaken for writer’s block, but they’re quite different. Writer’s block is like when you’re hungry and you look in your brain’s Idea Fridge and find nothing but some leftover Hamburger Helper. Burnout, on the other hand, is when you open and close your well-stocked fridge for ten minutes knowing you need to eat but can’t muster the energy to make anything but cold cereal (I am once again speaking metaphorically, but burnout often leads eating cereal for dinner literally as well).
Burnout happens to all of us, myself included. For instance, do you know how much torture it was to write this very column? (Note to my editors: I am kidding! Ha ha!) So whether you need it now or later, here are five ways to deal with writer burnout.
Read. Recharge your creativity by reading the great works of others. Replace your disdain of the creative process with the despair that you’ll never be as good as your heroes.
Clear your desk. Get rid of the clutter, trinkets, pens, papers, computer, your big monitor. Move the desk outside to the curb. Wait for it to get stolen or hauled away by garbagemen. When you feel the itch to buy a way-too-fancy writing desk, that’s when you’ll know you’re ready to pick up the pen again.
photo by Tim Vrtiska
Reconnect. Reach out to the people in your life you’ve been too busy to contact. Schedule a lunch with a friend. Call your folks. Patch things up with a certain someone to see if the magic is still there. There’s a chance you’ll feel better about life in general, thus inspiring you to write. There’s also a chance you’ll see how thoroughly you’ve burned your bridges with the people in your life, in which case writing won’t seen so bad by comparison, will it?
Get a life. There’s a whole world out there that you can interact with, if you could just step away from your word processor for once. Take some time off from your daily word count and catch up on the ol’ to-do list. Mow the lawn. Fix the front stairs. File your two-years-ago taxes. Getting reacquainted with your crippling adult responsibilities will give you a new appreciation of why you need your writing to escape them.
Take up a hobby. Imagine, if you can, a reality where you didn’t spend every moment of your precious free time trying to further your literary career. You could take up painting. Go birding. Build a ship in a bottle. Your inner perfectionist will protest that you’re just a dabbler, just a hobbyist, and that you’ll never be great at these activities. Take a deep breath and remind yourself that it’s okay. You are still a good person if you’re not amazing at everything you do. You’d even have value as a person if, say, you admitted to yourself that you weren’t very good at writing. But what a wild thought that is, though, right? Right?! Ha ha ha!
How do you cope with writer burnout? Share your advice in the comments!
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Now, thanks to tinyCoffee and PayPal, you can!
About Bill Ferris
After college, Bill Ferris left Nebraska for Florida to become a rich and famous rock star. Failing that, he picked up the pen to become a rich and famous novelist. He now lives in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and looks forward to a life of poverty and ridicule.
Filed Under: Humor, Inspirations, REAL WORLD, Writing life
Previous article: Narrative as Weapon, Narrative as Poison, and “Getting it Right”—Chernobyl
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James Fox says
Thank you Bill for the clarification.
I’ve been under the impression that burnout was a fancier way of saying barbecue for years, a sort of regional term used in the northeast.
Sleep. Ah-h-h-h…..
Alice Orr says
Would it be bad form to get serious here? The aspect of Burnout that plagues me just now, and perhaps others as well, is the type induced by too much trampling out fires in one’s “real” life. As in, one damned thing after another. After, and during, which we can barely summon energy to remember what our latest writing project might be. Oh, well… I have Stacey Schiff’s biography of Vladimir Nabokov’s wife Vera on hand. Talk about intimidation. A biographer who was awarded the Pulitzer for this title. The author some consider the best novelist of post-modern time. Plus, the most long-suffering, doggedly loyal, helpmate spouse you could potentially imagine. Last time I looked, I was not any of those. Oh, well…
Cathy Cade says
Good advice for us when writing as well as when stuck with our writing. All it takes is time…
Kristan Hoffman says
Love the fridge analogy!
For me, reading is definitely the best cure for both block and burnout. Also rest, as in, getting more sleep, and/or taking a break from whatever writing project I am banging my head against. And last but not least, tapping back into joy. Writing might be hard, but it isn’t meant to be torture.
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Obama condemned as “shameful” for abstaining to veto a U.N. resolution
“The United States should reject any future UN actions that are similarly “one-sided and anti-Israel”
A congressional non-binding resolution was passed by 342 to 80 on Thursday. It declares unwavering support for Israel and insists that the United States reject any future UN actions that are similarly “one-sided and anti-Israel”. Republicans accuse President Obama of turning his back on Israel by not using veto in UN Security Council vote.
Netanyahu has been unrelenting in his criticism of the Obama administration over what he condemned as its “shameful” decision not to veto a U.N. Security Council resolution calling for a halt to Israeli settlement-building. Meanwhile Teresa May has been criticised for being two faced in the wake of this condemnation as Britain was one to vote in favour of UN declaration condemning increased settlement activity in occupied territories.
Netanyahu successfully lobbied Egypt, which proposed the draft resolution, to withdraw it – enlisting the help of President-elect Trump to persuade Cairo to drop the bid.
Israeli was ultimately out-manoeuvred at the United Nations, where New Zealand, Venezuela, Senegal and Malaysia, resubmitted the proposal a day later. It passed 14-0, with an abstention from the United States and not using its Veto power.
Israel to cut $6m from UN dues in protest over settlements resolution. The Guardian
There will only be one loser in the aftermath of Obama’s attack on Israel – the United Nations. The Independent
Tel Aviv trims $6mn off UN contribution over ‘incitement and anti-Israel propaganda’. RT News
US House condemns UN resolution on Israeli settlements. Al Jazeera
US house votes to condemn UN’s Israel resolution. Al Arabiya
Talking Points:
President Obama, last year passed a long-term security agreement that gives Israel $38bn in US military aid, including $5bn for missile defence
Israel Currently gives $40 million in contributions to the UN
The cut in funding will hurt the Palestinians through UNRAW The UN agency for Palestinian refugees.
Britain was one to vote in favour of UN declaration condemning increased settlement activity in occupied territories.
Since late 2015, Israeli soldiers and settlers have been responsible for the killing of at least 244 Palestinians, including unarmed demonstrators, bystanders and alleged attackers in what has been termed the “Jerusalem intifada” or Jerusalem uprising.
Benjamin Netanyahu condemns John Kerry’s speech as ‘biased’ against Israel. The Independent
2016 ‘deadliest year’ for West Bank children in decade Al Jazeera.
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Wactor & Wick attorneys have extensive experience in assisting the regulated community in evaluating, understanding and integrating regulatory requirements of such laws as the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), the Occupational
Safety and Health Act (OSHA), the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA), the California Water Code, the California Heath & Safety Code, among others.
Industrial Real Estate Developers
Commercial Real Estate Developers
Residential Real Estate Developers
Office Building Owners
Electronics Manufacturing Site to $300 million Hospital, San Carlos, CA
130 acre Landfill site as $400 million Business Park, Brisbane and South San Francisco, CA
Maher Parcels, San Francisco, CA
Manufacturing Plant, El Cajon, CA
Oil Field Site to $300 Million Upscale Housing Development, Santa Barbara, CA
Oil Field to Port Facility, Long Beach, CA
Union Station to $200 million High Rise Office Towers, Seattle, WA
State Superfund Site to $120 million Office Building Complex, St. Paul, MN
Steel Products Warehouse to $92 million Apartments, Emeryville, CA
Federal Superfund Site to Retail Center, Sacramento, CA
Television Manufacturing Plant to $80 million Business Park, Melrose Park, IL
Steel Mill to Big Box Center, Emeryville, CA
Newspaper Printing Plant to $100M High Rise Office Tower, San Jose, CA
Electronics Manufacturing Plant, to mixed use (retail, apartment and condominium), Irvine, CA
Dairy Sites to Industrial, Chino, CA
Camp Parks Army Base to Multiple Office Mid-Rises, Dublin, CA
Water Heater Manufacturing Plant to Twin Office Mid-Rise, Westlake, Village, CA
Manufacturing Plant, San Diego, CA
Oil Field Site to Upscale Housing Development, Orange County CA
Defense Plant to Upscale Housing, Fullerton, CA
Defense Plant to Business Park, Santa Clarita, CA
Unilever Best Foods and CCL Custom Manufacturing Inc. v. American Steel & Aluminum Corp, et al.
City and County of San Francisco v. Atlantic Richfield Co.
Champsi, et al. v. Chaitin, et al.
Former Sewage Sludge to Housing Development, Riverside County, CA
Pellegrini v. Technichem, et al.
Shopping Center Acquisitions
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Chelsea and Man City Win Big in Premier League Saturday Fixtures
16 September 2018 at 06:23 GMT By Dewa Nugraha
Chelsea continuing their perfect record so far in this early stage of English Premier League as Maurizio Sarri’s men defeated Cardiff City 4-1 on Saturday to move top of the current table on goal difference.
Playing in front of their home crowd at Stamford Bridge, The Blues didn’t have a great start as they found themselves trailing after just 16 minutes of play through Sol Bamba’s effort.
It took a while before Sarri’s men finally got themselves back on level terms and it was their star man, Eden Hazard who made it 1-1 on 37 minutes, just few minutes before the Belgium international doubled his tally to make it 2-1 on 44 minutes.
The home team continue their search for goals and it was Hazard again who got his name on the score sheet and also completed his hat-trick after converting a spot kick 10 minutes from time.
Chelsea sealed their victory with a fourth goal, which was netted by substitute Willian, making the score line looking more comfortable for Sarri’s boys.
In another tie, Manchester City showcasing their quality at home as Pep Guardiola’s side comfortable defeated Fulham 3-0.
Man City got themselves off and running after just two minutes of play thanks to a simple close range finish from Leroy Sane, who finally started for the defending champion.
City continue to dominate in that first 45 minute and eventually netted their second on 21 minutes, this time through their skipper, David Silva, giving the host a 2-0 lead going into half time break.
Nothing changed much in the second period as Guardiola’s men continue to dominate and eventually added a third goal from Raheem Sterling’s strike on 47 minutes.
Here are the complete results for English Premier League Saturday Fixtures:
Tottenham Hotspur 1-2 Liverpool; Bournemouth 4-2 Leicester City; Chelsea 4-1 Cardiff City; Huddersfield Town 0-1 Crystal Palace; Manchester City 3-0 Fulham; Newcastle 1-2 Arsenal; Watford 1-2 Manchester United.
Tags: David Silva, Eden Hazard, Leroy Sane, Maurizio Sarri, Pep Guardiola, Raheem Sterling, Sol Bamba, Willian, Cardiff City, Chelsea FC, Fulham FC, Manchester City FC, English Premier League
Seven red cards in six years at Camp Nou for Atletico Madrid
BBC Match of the Day – Week 32 | 31/03/2019
Alvaro Recoba’s Most Incredible Goals in Serie A
Juve Comeback Stunned Atletico, Man City Rout Schalke
All the goals from Round 27 of Serie A
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Cobblestone Walk
Clock Courses
Amberley Museum & Heritage...
BritaniaCrest Recycling Incinerator
Lifespring
Sussex Prairie Gardens
Horsham Unitarians
Denne Road Cemetery
East Clayton Farm
Horsham Ice Rink
QEII Silver Jubilee School
St Marys Bramber
Leonardslee
Knepp Safari
Parham House
CoCo's Foundation
Horsham Riverside Walk
STCH
Roots to Growth
Horsham Girlguiding
Horsham Blueprint
Sedgwick Park House
Billingshurst Chapel
Oak Tree Farm
Horsham Gingerbread
Chesworth Farm
Wey and Arun Canal
Ploughing Match
ABC Sanctuary
North Horsham
Storror
Hellyer's Puppets
St Leonards Forest
Hammer Ponds
Blue Idol
Ridge Farm Studio
Warminghurst Church
Horsham YMCA
Warnham Deer Park
West Grinstead Station
Knepp Castle
School for Parents
Farlington School
Colditz Glider
Great House Farm
Insight into Kingdom Faith...
Amber Foundation
Christ's Hospital School
Chanctonbury Ring Hauntings
Muntham House School
The Monks of Parkminster
Holbrook Animal Rescue
Camelia Botnar Foundation
Acid Bath Murderer
HORSHAM CHRISTMAS FANTASIA
Published on 3rd January 2017
When word spread on social media that an ice rink was to be constructed in Horsham for the winter, the response was sceptical, to say the least. There was an expectancy that any such entertainment would be underwhelming and lacking the authenticity to inspire and excite today’s children.
But when the ice rink arrived, it proved to be a pleasant surprise, adding some much-needed magic sparkle to Christmas in Horsham.In days when most Winter Wonderlands only make headlines if they are truly appalling, Horsham Christmas Fantasia managed to generate fanfare through positive word of mouth.
The concept is the brainchild of husband and wife team David and Suzanne Fearn, owners of Camping World at Hornbrook Park, Horsham.The shop has the largest outdoor display of tents in Europe during the summer, but the site is empty over winter. So, David thought of different ways to utilise the space.
“I spoke to someone who runs an ice rink in Worthing and we set up a company called Horsham Outdoor Events,” he said. “I visited his ice rink on the seafront and said: ‘This is what I’d like in Horsham, but I want to make it bigger and better.’ That’s the sort of person I am. I have the biggest camping display in Europe and I wanted the biggest undercover ice rink in Great Britain.“
My business partner knows a lot about ice rinks and through his contacts I bought this ice rink, as well as the covers and necessary equipment. A part of you fears the worst; you worry that nobody will turn up, which is natural when you’ve made such a big investment. But now our idea is to use the rink year after year.”
Cold Ice Receives Warm Reception
The ice rink has been a huge hit, particularly at weekends, with families flocking from across the Horsham district and beyond to experience the real ice of Horsham Christmas Fantasia.
David said: “Many people expected us to use synthetic ice, but it’s real. It’s created by running tubes across the base of the rink, using anti-freeze to keep pumping water through at -25 degrees.
“It took several weeks of spraying small amounts of water on the rink, which is 30m x 20m, to build up layers until the ice is about six inches thick. “Even then, it needs maintenance every hour. When the public have finished skating, our team clear any loose ice with shovels and make it nice and smooth for the next group. “Then, at the end of each day, we add another layer of ice.”
Idea for a Winter Wonderland
The ice rink opened in October and was an immediate hit. Suzanne was responsible for building up anticipation on social media sites and responded to people’s questions on Facebook.
Before long, Adam Proto – a renowned events organiser who has hosted children’s entertainment in Horsham in the past – was on the phone. David recalls: “Adam told me ‘I don’t think you should stop at an ice rink; you should do a winter wonderland.’ He came in and took over control in terms of producing the event and I’m very pleased about that.
“Key to that idea is Santa’s grotto. Adam has helped us create an experience, so children are not just walking into a shed. They enter through a Narnia-style wardrobe before entering Santa’s work room, where the elves are busy making presents. A magic key then triggers the arrival of a special vehicle which transports the children to Santa’s cabin in the North Pole at 25 light years per second.
“The transport is in fact a genuine ski-lift cabin we’ve brought in, fitted with cushions and decorations.“Our Santa is as good as you’ll ever meet. He has long white hair and a beard and his costume is unbelievable. The presents he hands out to the children are fabulous too. People have told us that our grotto is better than the Harrods grotto, which is very nice for us to hear.”
Market Attracts Local traders
A Christmas market and funfair rides from Irvin Leisure are among the other highlights of Horsham Fantasia. Lil’ Riders provide a sit-on ride for young children, whilst the crazy caterpillar, fairground swings, big wheel, bungee trampolines and a helter-skelter all add to a colourful atmosphere.
A café area inspired by a ski lodge helps make the visit more pleasant for adults.There are 19 sheds in the market, selling produce including German sausages and savoury crepes, Christmas gifts, festive T-shirts and scented candles.
Stella Luczkowski was selling her small, hand-made Christmas wreaths on one of the stalls. “This is just a hobby for me,” said Stella. “My father used to make wreaths for over 60 years when he ran a nursery on Rock Road in Ashington. I’ve been twiddling berries since I was six years old and I missed doing it. I bought a tent from Camping World and came across the market, and thought ‘I’d like to get involved.’
“I make traditional holly wreaths, which you don’t see around these days. It’s been fun. It’s not something I’m looking to make a business from; I just wanted to be involved in it for a year and I’m enjoying the atmosphere.”
Will the Rink Return in 2017?
Whether the Horsham Christmas Fantasia experience is part of the town’s Christmas future remains to be seen.Differences in opinion between the operators of the site and Horsham District Council could mean that Fantasia will soon be a ghost of Horsham’s past.
David said: “The council has not been overly supportive. We wanted to open the ice rink until the end of January but local councillors said we could only stay open until 15 January. We haven’t been given a full explanation as to why that is.“Whether I open it here or not next year is debatable. There have been problems with the parking and a few of our neighbours have been very vocal in their objection. They seem not to like Christmas and don’t want to hear children laughing.
“The Horsham Fantasia has been successful and the public love it. We know that some have written to the council supporting us and even petitioned about keeping the ice rink in Horsham, because it is a good thing for the town.
“That is why I want to keep it here. But Crawley Council have enquired about moving the ice rink there in 2017. I’m going to be meeting with representatives of Horsham and Crawley councils in the New Year, so we’ll see how things go.”
Horsham Ice Rink is situated at Camping World, Brighton Road, Horsham. It is open until 14 January 2017. For prices and opening times visit the website at https://horshamicerink.co.uk
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Tag / Celebrity
September 3, 2014 September 4, 2014 by Fadi Zaghmout
The Arab Observer interviews Tima Shomali
actress, Celebrity, Fe-male, Filmizion, interview, jordan, Jordanian, Talent, Tima Shomali, TV production
Interviewing Tima
Tima Shomali: I believe now is the time for Jordanian TV to rise.
Many young talents have emerged in the TV and Film production industry in the past few years but no one were as successful and productive as Tima Shomali. In less than five years, she starred in three popular TV shows, produced two of them, started her own production house, and working on a new production that aims to make Jordanian drama sell in the region.
With more than 285K fan on her Facebook page, 86K follower on Instagram, 69K follower on Twitter, and millions of accumulated views on her youtube’s Fe-male show, Tima is certainly a national phenomena.
While visiting Dubai on a business trip, I had the chance to chat with her, asked her about her beginnings, challenges of Jordanian dram and her future plans. Read the full interview below:
Tima Shomali
Fadi: You are the most successful young actress in Jordan with an impressive track record of quality TV productions starting from Bath Bayakha to Fe-male (two seasons) and Zain. All of that happened in a short period of time and at a time where many young talents of your generation are fighting hard to find an opportunity in an industry that is still in its infancy.
I remember first time I saw you at the Royal Film Commission in 2009, you were merely starting. Back then you were working on developing a short film script. Few months later you attended the 3-weeks comprehensive film making workshop and were happy to stand behind the camera taking the director role. A year later you applied to RISCA and were among the first batch of film makers graduates. Then we saw you on TV in the successful first season of Bath Bayakha.
Tell us more, how did that? How did you reach this far?
Tima: First of all thank you, I do not consider myself an actress as much as a storyteller, whether it was by writing, acting or producing stories that i would like to tell.
I have the passion for story telling since i was a kid, and how I reached this far is by hard work and God’s well.
Fadi: I feel sad that RISCA couldn’t survive for a longer time. I heard the news last year from Fadi Haddad (Director of When Monaliza smiled) and Nadia Olewat (Producer of the same film), two RISCA graduates who moved to teach at the American University in Dubai. How do you rate your experience at the school? how do you feel about the fact that it is closed now? Do you think there is a market for such caliber of film making graduates in Jordan?
Tima: Its really sad that RSICA had to shut down, but schools like this have lots of costs and is very expensive to operate, and if
there are no students that are able to pay the high fees how do we expect it to survive? and as you know i don’t think we have the mentality yet in our culture for the majority to pay high fees for what most consider a risky career specially in Jordan, its sad but its true!
I have graduated from RSICA with MFA degree in producing/writing and I am a RSICA baby. RSICA is one of the main reasons of what I am now to be honest, I owe it a lot and it was the best time of my life.
Fadi: One of my favorite episodes on Bath Bayakha 2, it is also one of the most popular episodes on youtube with more than 400K views, is “Al Hakika Al Murra” (the ugly truth). Like Aroos Amman, it hit a sensitive nerve of young Jordanian women obsessed in marriage. Do you remember the reactions to that episode?
Tima: I joined Bath baykha team as a writer and lead female actress for 2011 season. It was the first thing I did after graduating from RSICA and it was a great experience.
“The ugly truth” sketch was very popular I think because it was very real and people related to it. Its like the things we all know its a fact but we never talk about it.
Fadi: Bath Bayakha started as an online show, right?
Tima: Bath bayakha started online and then it became an online and TV show, it was aired on OSN and Roya TV.
Fadi: You also started Fe-male as an online show before taking it to the screen and showing it on Ro’ya. How did the online sphere helped you? and what opportunities are their online for young talents?
Tima: I really think that what actually helped my career is the online platform, because it has no rules, you create your own rules, and anyone – I mean it – anyone can do something and show it online now. It gave a chance to all talented people to showcase themselves. It is easy to put it online but that doesn’t mean its easy to succeed. Its actually very hard, first of all because the online generation are really picky, and they choose what they see its not forced on them like TV, second of all there is a lot of competition out there, but for me the secret for any thing to succeed online is not the quality, not the star, its the unique content, thats the secret. Work on your content and then everything else will come by default. If you succeeded to have a a good content you’ll attract people, and step by step you’ll be able to work on the quality.. and other stuff, and thats how it happened for me in Fe-male show, its started a one woman show online, and then it developed to have a full crew not leads than 25 people working on it, other than the actors, and we got sponsors who invested in the show, and then it developed to be on TV. its a ladder, you climb it along the way as long as you have the right base, which is good content.
Tima Shomali: for me the secret for any thing to succeed online is not the quality, not the star, its the unique content, thats the secret
Fadi: In Fe-male you are a writer, a producer and an actress, how did you manage to take on all of these roles and come up with such quality production? Was the show your idea?
Tima: Fe-male show to me is my starting point, before that i was not 100% sure I can continue in the field and not have a side job. I didn’t know even if it can be an actual career, because its really risky. But after Fe-male show I realized this is what I want to do and fight for for the rest of my life – film and TV productions.
Fadi: I loved the modern reflection of Jordanian young women in the show, it is the first time that we saw such true manifestation of young couples in West Amman. In the past, Jordanian drama focused on Bedouin or small towns outside the capital. It was a fresh experience to watch something that is closer to our lives on screen. Do you think that’s one of the reasons behind the success of the show?
Tima: Fe-male show was an instant hit. I didn’t expect that to be honest, but I think it got popular because it is natural, real, close to people, and you start to feel that the characters are your friends because we actually talk to the audience. It was the characters stress release moments when they’re in the studio and able to say what they actually feel to their audience, and because the subject, which is the couple relationship is attractive and everyone goes through these things! or know someone who does.
Fadi: Fe-male was very balanced in criticising both genders. Tima represented the rebellious young woman and Raja’e was the lazy young man. They both stepped up to their responsibilities as a newly wed couple in the second season. We loved their quarrels and arguments. Is there a 3rd season planned?
Tima: When Fe-male show was created, it had no plan to continue for many seasons, so its hard to force seasons on it just because it was a hit!
I do believe in the saying “quit while you’re on top”, maybe in the future there will be a spin-off or something, but at the moment there is nothing planned.
Fadi: You started your own TV production House “Filmizion”. It was behind the production of Fe-male show. You have also produced Zain (not through Filmizion though). Tell me more about your production experience. What are the challenges you faced in the Jordanian market? You told me before that it is still hard to sell Jordanian drama in the region and that you are on a mission to change that. What’s your plan?
Tima: My theory, Jordanian drama sells in jordan but doesn’t sell to the whole arab world (except the Bedouin series of course). The only drama that succeeded to cross barriers to the whole arab world were the Egyptian and Syrian drama, so that makes it hard to sell a pure Jordanian show out of the blue – at least not with full Jordanian cast to the arab world, specially that Jordanian culture and accent are not very familiar to arab audience just yet.
We need to make jordanian drama (modern one) known for arabs in a clever way, which I think could be in having multi-arab nationalities stars in a Jordanian production, and then, i believe, step by step, we can slowly have an independent Jordanian drama that sells to the arab world
Trying to finance a project is really hard, for Jordan, because we are still young as an industry (not as individuals), but i think the past two years Jordan started to boom, and I believe now is the time for jordanian TV to rise.
Fadi: What’s your upcoming project?
Tima: Actually now i am dedicating my full time and effort for a new project “كباتن” (Capaten), a Jordanian production yet an arab series. Its the production of my company Filmizion in partnership with Bayt alshawareb productions, and i have lots of passion for this project and hopefully you’ll hear the news about it soon!
Capaten a new Jordanian Comedy
Fadi: Can you tell us more about Capaten?
Tima: I can’t at the moment share information about the show, but hopefully soon i can share more info.
Fadi: We love you and proud to have such a young Jordanian talent. We look forward to watch “Capaten” on screen in the near future.
Fadi Zaghmout and Tima Shomali
The Arab Observer interviews Lama Zakharia
Interview, Jordan Celebrity
Celebrity, Comedy, creativity, Dozan Awtar, Fa Sol Ya, interview, jordan, Lama Zakharia, music, Social Issues, Talent
Lama Zakharia
In may she celebrated me on her radio show “Celebrity of the week” on BeatFM, and today I am celebrating her on my blog. At the time, she told me that she is preparing a musical comedy TV show with Jana Zeineddin to be aired in Ramadan on Ro’ya. Being already a fan of her after seeing her performing with Dozan Awtar last Christmas, I was looking forward for the show. Though I have to admit that I didn’t expect Fa Sol Ya to be of this quality, it was a nice surprise to see such brilliant new genre hitting the local screen. An entertaining quality musical production that captured our hearts in Ramadan. I was surprised to see myself rewinding and watching the episodes over and over again because of its lovely music.
This is the first time I use this platform to interview other people. I believe that we have so much talents in Jordan and little media coverage. Lama Zakharia (@lamaonbeat) is a brilliant young star. Watch out for the name which I predict to become a very important regional star in few years down the road. I asked her about her talent, Fa Sol Ya, her stand on sexual harassment and women rights, her views about women in the production industry in Jordan and more.
Read the full interview below:
Fadi: You are an actress, singer and radio show hostess. There is so much going on in your life and you are multi-talented. Tell us more, who is Lama Zakharia?
Lama: I’m actually undergoing an experimental phase in my life doing all these things mentioned above. Like any 24 year-old, I’m just trying to discover where I stand and really understand what my ideals are. I am also fortunate to have a very supportive family who is pushing me towards perusing my passions which will ultimately help me answer “who is Lama Zakharia” for real.
Fadi: Lets start with your latest, Fa Sol Ya. There is much creativity and talent in the show. There is good chemistry among the cast and the music is just brilliant. How would you define Fa Sol Ya? Whose idea was it? and how did you guys develop it into production?
Fa Sol Ya cast
Lama: Atef Malhas (a guitarist and friend) and I were approached for our work in ‘Kash Kash’ by Shashat with interest to develop our concept for TV during Ramadan. At this point I brought in Jana Zeineddine to act as a creative comedic consultant and felt we would be a good match. After many discussions and meetings with Shashat, Atef and I decided that this was not the favorable direction to take Kash Kash into. Once we had the concept fine tuned, to take social issues and conceptualize them through musical comedy, Fa Sol Ya was born. The idea was to take a pop song, put some Arabic lyrics, (develop a story with 3-dimensional characters) and make it happen on TV. The more Jana and I worked on concepts, the more I realized what a good match we are. I needed comedic guidance, she was there to offer it, she needed more Jordanian cultural insight, I was there for that, and most of all, we had the same exact type of humor. She became basically, my creative soul sister.
Fadi: What are the reactions for the show so far?
Lama: Extreme I can say. People either love it or hate it! I feel the general Jordanian audience is warming up to it but the idea is still foreign and bizarre for many. As for people who have been exposed to musicals before regardless of their background, they seem to understand us more and appreciate what we’re doing.
Also, in each episode we are introducing a different type of comedy – from dark humor to absurdist to situational – and comedy is culturally specific. People will react to it with apprehension initially if it’s not familiar to them, and that is something that we have been seeing. However, part of our show’s goal was to expose Jordanian audiences to the many different types of comedy, and music was a great vehicle with which to do that.
Fadi: How do you feel about the reactions?
Fa Sol Ya
Lama: I have to admit, being my first experience, I was hurt, shocked, and hopeless when I saw all the negative comments on Youtube. But later on when I started listening to the positive ones. I realized, as Jana would say, extreme reactions are better than no reaction. It means that our performance has affected someone at some level.
Also, as you mentioned, many of our episodes confront social issues head on, and for some audiences, that can be uncomfortable and cause extreme reactions as well. Many of the negative comments reflect a lack of understanding of the episode’s intention, and that is to be expected.
Fadi: You are right, extreme reactions are better than no reaction. Is there any specific reaction that you remember and like to share with us? a positive or negative one?
Fa Sol Ya is a new concept that’s bound to receive mixed responses
Lama: There was one reaction directed towards the 2atayef song where people claimed we should not have thrown food on the floor, and especially not during Ramadan. I have to say we tried our best to be culturally sensitive, but some people still felt personally insulted rather than entertained.
We always tried our best to keep the balance between taking risks to reach the level of comedy we felt was right and downplaying lyrics or plots to avoid certain discomfort. It’s not a question of not taking risks with the issues we address or the way they are presented and performed, but rather maintaining a level of cultural sensitivity. Jana and I have many ideas that we would still love to present at a future date and will hopefully be able to balance between challenging cultural norms and drawing awareness to issues while maintaining a high level of comedy. At the end of the day, Fa Sol Ya is a new concept that’s bound to receive mixed responses. The good thing is I learned a lot about my society and how I can work on my delivery for the future.
Fadi: I have been really enjoying the show mostly for the music, and your voice of course. Who picked the music?
Lama: Thank you Fadi so much. You’re so supportive!. Some songs came from personal inspirations and some came from Jana. We followed our impulses mainly when selecting what songs to use. Each episode has a different story and we really were on the same page with our vision which made the creative and song selection process smooth. Also working with a genius arranger like Nareg Abajian, and a highly talented sound producer Qusai Diqer (who were both in Syria) was challenging but so rewarding. We also had the support and the amazing spirit of Saeed Bazouqa from Loriana studios when we were recording the vocals which facilitated the process.
Fadi: I loved most of the episodes I watched. You have tackled different issues such as corruption, tawjihi, media, parliament among others. My personal favorite is “Ramadan Song – Katayef”. It is a dark comedy that touched me strongly and made me feel bad about what mothers go through on a daily basis (Alla ye3eenhom). I like the feminist edge in it.
Which is your favorite episode? Why?
Lama: Wow! I’m always happy when someone gets what we mean! That’s exactly what we meant by the 2atayef song and Jana portrayed that extreme emotion with perfection. My personal favorite is actually Darbet 6arab. I am actually proud that we managed to produce a classical medley of Arab pop songs. I’m also in love with how it was shot even though, believe it or not, it was all last minute. I just love how this one was delivered.
Fadi: The first time I have seen you acting what on stage at Christmas time with Dozan Awtar. I instantly fall in love with the grandma character you played. The play itself was a nice breeze and captured Christmas spirit very well. I can see some of Dozan’s cast playing on your side in Fa Sol Ya, you guys make a brilliant group. Tell us more about Dozan Wa Awtar. How did you get involved with them? any future plans for the group that you’d like to share with us?
Lama: Dozan Wa Awtar is the backbone behind this project in many ways. Firstly, I met the musical mastermind Nareg Abajian through Dozan. I’ve also met my creative sister Jana through Dozan as the director of Project Christmas which you’ve mentioned above. Most importantly, this establishment is such a unique loving and supporting family, they just made the process of performing and recording more professional, smoother, and even more enjoyable. As for future plans, there will always be future plans I am part of Dozan after all.
Fadi: I really love your voice. Would you ever consider developing your own pop music album? I’d certainly be the first one to buy it.
Lama: Thank you! Actually at this stage, not really sure I can go down this road. I believe any person who wants to be a singer, let alone a composer or a lyric writer, should work a lot on themselves before earning that title. Once I’m satisfied with what I’m doing and can plaster a label on my forehead I’ll go ahead with it and present the first copy to you Fadi J
Fadi: That’s a day I look forward to.
Fadi: Have you seen the horrible video of the gang sexual harassment in Irbid? You have once addressed the issue with music and delivered a strong message in your show Kashkhash. How was the reactions to that? What’s Kashkhash? and how do you think we could fight such phenomena?
Lama: I think this issue is one that angers me the most in life. I will continue writing music about this and I even have something in mind to tackle this Irbid issue particularly. I think exposure is the first step towards reaching a better place than we’re in. Making people realize “THIS IS WRONG” is what we need to do first. If you look at the comments on the video, many commenters think the girls deserve this treatment. Let’s first make it visible to people how wrong it is through music, awareness campaigns, videos, verbal expression and then we can move forward to more targeted measures. This is a deeply ingrained cultural problem. More so than a sexual one. That’s my opinion.
Fadi: On may, I was honored to be hosted in your show “Celebrity of the Week” on Beat FM. How is the show going? Who was your favorite celebrity to host?
Lama: I loved that interview! Especially that I’m a huge fan of yours (funny you’re interviewing me now) “wa7de b wa7de”! lol. The show is good I keep learning every day and that is my favorite feature as I get to meet amazing people like you. My favorite was Tim Sebastian the interviewer of the year several times in Britain. He was a tough cookie. Loved interviewing him. Learned a lot from that.
Fadi: There are so much young talents in Jordan. The Royal Film Commission trained many in Film and TV production but we are yet to see the industry mature. At the front of the industry we see some women leading the way such as Nadine Toukan, Rula Nasser, Tima Al Shomali, Rania Kurdi, Saba Mubarak and Jana Zeineddine. What do you think of the creative industry as a good platform to change cultural norms and push women rights? Do you think that you (women) have done enough on that front?
I love and respect any woman who merely expresses herself in a public way
Lama: I think the industry still needs more female presence. I love and respect any woman who merely expresses herself in a public way. That is enough for me. I just think more women should do it and with more intensity. I think the creative industry serves as a platform for “exposure” which is the first step to changing cultural norms. But I don’t think it’s enough on its own. You have to add all the other ingredients to form a noticeable change.
Fadi: Have you watched Fe-male past Ramadan? What do you think?
Lama: Yes some episodes! I am a fan of Tima just because she’s never afraid of being goofy on TV. She really opened up that space for a lot of women. She’s quite bold and I love it.
I am a fan of Tima just because she’s never afraid of being goofy on TV
Fadi: and Rania Show?
Lama: That was the talk of the town when it was on which is GREAT. I want to see more female-led comedy and Rania is so talented in that way. She was bold, challenged some boundaries, and led to some talk which is what we need for this industry to start growing.
Fadi: One last question, what are your future plans?
Lama: I am now considering studying music professionally as a basic plan to be able to be more technically adept and more capable vocally. When and where this will happen I can’t answer honestly because I decided on that just three days ago. This is how spontaneous my life has been. I just hope I’ll still have the resilience to offer something to my community in the long run. I’ve learned through my first experience that this industry is the hardest to work in Jordan. Hopefully it will be easier for people like Jana and I to keep going the way we are down a much smoother road.
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SNIDER: Can Redskins survive and thrive under McCoy?
Brad Mills-USA TODAY Sports
All of the Washington Redskins encircled quarterback Alex Smith as he sat on the cart ready to be taken into the offseason. So did half of the Houston Texans. It was a warrior’s sendoff complete with Smith waving to the crowd as he rode past the stands.
Smith suffered a broken tibia and fibula when sacked by Houston defensive end J.J. Watt and cornerback Kareem Jackson on Sunday. Former Redskins quarterback Joe Theismann tweeted “Alex’s leg is exactly like mine 33 yrs ago.” Theismann never played again after breaking his leg so grotesquely that replay viewers still flinch 33 years later. Ironically, both players were injured on Nov. 18.
Coach Jay Gruden told backup Colt McCoy “Let’s go win a game.” And on his first pass in nearly three years, McCoy threaded a nine-yarder in the end zone for a touchdown. He then led Washington to its first lead change of the season on the next drive as Adrian Peterson surpassed John Riggins with his 105th career rushing touchdown, sixth best ever.
Suddenly, it was 21-20 Redskins. FedEx Field, with all of 40,000 or so fans, suddenly shook with supporters chastised by players as supposedly worthless suddenly a home edge. Oh, it was loud given the season’s prospects that looked so dim moments earlier were suddenly reversed.
A second lead change of the season came just four minutes later as Houston charged ahead 23-21. This was a smash-mouth game that the Redskins like, but this time the decision wouldn’t go their way.
McCoy leading a third touchdown would have been the storybook ending. But, Houston began blitzing and their pass rush was way too much for Washington’s makeshift line missing three starters.
The Redskins’ last chance flickered and died on Dustin Hopkins’ 63-yard field goal attempt that was several yards short. A 23-21 loss suddenly leaves the Redskins’ (6-4) NFC East lead vulnerable.
It was an emotionally-draining game that must be quickly forgotten as Washington travels to Dallas on Thursday for a Thanksgiving matchup against the Redskins biggest rival with the winner leading the NFC East. Any revaluation of what happened on Sunday will wait until the Dallas post 11-day break before facing Philadelphia on Dec. 3.
But the Redskins are moving on without Smith. Indeed, they need a backup for McCoy with several en route before the game was even over. One will be chosen on Monday because everything is happening quickly.
The season’s fate may rest in the coming days. McCoy’s biggest win in five seasons with Washington was a Thanksgiving victory at Dallas. The passer admits he’s a more mature passer and person and ready for the challenge.
And that’s what it’s going to be – a big challenge.
Related Coverage:
Alex Smith in Emergency Surgery, Done for the Year
Report: Redskins Not Interested in Colin Kaepernick
Smith Takes Gruesome Hit, Heads for Hospital
Rick Snider has covered Washington sports since 1978. Follow him on Twitter @Snide_Remarks.
Colt McCoy
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Tales from a Flying Fish
My Life, Loves, and Existential Tumult
Querencia
Age of Baku: ‘The Dream Eater’
Why Do Men Objectify Women – Part III
Two famous erections are partly to blame.
Since I began this series, at least forty men, in entertainment, media, and politics, have faced allegations ranging from inappropriate behavior to forced sexual misconduct to rape. The list continues to grow and has caused the downfall of many powerful “men”. It has sparked an entire movement (#metoo), and led Time Magazine to name ‘The Silence Breakers’ as 2017’s Person of the Year.
It’s encouraging to hear young people such as comedian Sarah Silverman say we need to understand what’s behind all this, or watch actor Justin Baldoni give a poignant TED talk on why he’s done trying to be “man enough”.
Both are choosing the hard and long road of empathy, rather than the easy one of judgment and condemnation.
While my exploration of this issue has revolved around Millennial Men, it is not a stretch to imagine that they could well be on the road of being the Harry Weinsteins, Al Frankens, Roy Moores, or Matt Lauers of the near future.
In my mind, they all share one thing in common: they are uninitiated men, or more precisely, wrongly initiated into what it means to be a man.
Former NFL defensive lineman and coach, Joe Ehrmann, had this to say in the documentary ‘The Mask You Live In’:
“My earliest memory is my father bringing me down to my mother’s basement, putting up his hands and teaching me how to throw jabs and punches. It was there that he gave me those words: “Be a Man”. Stop with the tears. Stop with the emotions. If you are going to be a man in this world you have to learn how to dominate and control people and circumstances. I left the room in tears, feeling I wasn’t man enough. Football became a tremendous place to hide. You can hide inside the helmet. You can hide behind the roar of the crowd. You get to project this façade, this persona of what it means to be a man in this culture. I thought if I could manifest this hyper-masculinity, somehow, it would validate who I was. Certainly, my father would respect me; see how powerful…how strong I was. Then he’d give me the love and attention that I desperately wanted. I ask every man to think about what age they were, what was the context, when somebody told you to Be a Man. That’s one of the most destructive phrases in this culture, I believe.”
This issue not only impacts gender relations, but spills over into our politics and the sustainability of our future on this planet. It is why I am investing so much time on it. If my words – my voice – can be heard by more and more men (women too), and through them, I manage to prevent but one instance of sexual assault, I will have done my share.
In Part I and Part II of this series, we’ve listened to several young men explain why they often objectify women. We’ve talked about the holes in their psyches, and explored ways in which they can begin to heal. We’ve listened to their fears of rejection, intimacy and vulnerability. They have shared their sadness stemming from a sense of being split from their right-brained essence.
We’ll now deal with Ethan’s answer to why he sometimes objectifies women through pornography. We can as well substitute the word ‘objectify’, with harass, exploit, or rape.
ETHAN: “When I use porn semi-frequently, I do so whenever I am disconnected from myself. Because I feel disconnected, less present, less in my heart, and less in my body.”
This has everything to do with two very famous erections.
Meet Priapus, the John Holmes of ancient mythology
The God of Lust and Fertility, Priapus was the son of Aphrodite, which means that every hard-on is mothered by love and beauty. So far, so good.
Until Hera came along.
Hera is the queen and mistress of heaven. Brought up in a domesticated and orderly household, she is also the goddess of marriage and the family. Suspecting her philandering husband, Zeus, of being Priapus’ father, Hera deceptively offered to help Aphrodite’s delivery of Priapus. With just one touch of her finger on Aphrodite’s belly, Hera caused Priapus’s ‘deformity’ and unshapeliness. Horrified, his mother rejected her son, and banished him to a mountainside on Earth.
What does the myth point to?
We’re back to that eons-old, tug-of-war I talked about in my post on why monogamy is so damn difficult: between our desires and conventions.
As Goddess of Marriage, Hera likes only one kind of erection: the procreating kind within the bounds of conjugal love. To her, Priapus is living testimony of philandering. Therefore, indirectly, she made sexual imagination ugly and shameful, and banished it to the mountainside – our modern day Red Light District, Pornhub, Las Vegas, etc. In his lecture, ‘Pink Madness’, James Hillman said that the Hera archetype is what causes us to see Priapus as deformed and distorted.
Then came this guy, St. Augustine.
I wonder why he doesn’t look as happy as Priapus.
When he was sixteen, back in 370 C.E., he went with his father to a public bath, and there, had an involuntary boner. He called it inquieta adulescentia, or restless young manhood.
Imagining himself a soon-to-be grandfather, Dad was pleased.
Mom, a pious Christian, and the Hera in this story, wasn’t.
“She made a considerable bustle,” Augustine wrote in his ‘Confessions’, “to ensure that you, my God, were my father rather than him.”
A year later, when Augustine was sent to study to Carthage, his father died. Commenting on Sarah Ruden’s translation of ‘Confessions’, Stephen Greenblatt wrote in The New Yorker:
“If the grieving widow also felt some relief at his death—given that he was a dangerous influence on her beloved son—any hopes she might have had that Augustine would embark at once on the path of chastity were quickly dashed.”
“I came to Carthage,” Augustine wrote, “to the center of a skillet where outrageous love affairs hissed all around me.” (Sounds like Vegas)
Within a year or two of what appears to have been a period of feverish promiscuity, Augustine settled down with his mistress.
But his mother was still not satisfied. When Augustine was getting ready to leave Carthage to take a teaching position in Milan, his mother, Augustine writes, “was hanging onto me coercively, trying to either stop my journey or come along with me on it.” Lying, he told her that he was only seeing off a friend, and persuaded her to spend the night at a shrine near the harbor. “I got away, and got away with it.” A few years later, his mother sailed from North Africa to join him, and once settled in his household, sought to change her son’s life by getting rid of his mistress and finding him a suitable Catholic girl for him to marry.
In little more than a year’s time, Augustine had converted to the Catholic faith.
Then something really weird happened…
In the Roman port of Ostia, a few days before setting sail for Africa, Augustine and his mother were standing by a window that looked out onto an enclosed garden, and talking intimately. Their conversation, serene and joyful, led them to the conclusion that no bodily pleasure, no matter how great, could ever match the happiness of the saints. And then, Augustine recounts, “stretching upward with a more fiery emotion,” he and his mother experienced something remarkable: they felt themselves climbing higher and higher, through all the degrees of matter and through the heavenly spheres and, higher still, to the region of their own souls and up toward the eternity that lies beyond time itself. (Here comes the creepy part) “While we were speaking and panting for it, with a thrust that required all the heart’s strength, we brushed against it slightly.” It is difficult to convey in translation the power of the account, Greenblatt writes, and of what it meant for the thirty-two-year-old son and the fifty-five-year-old mother to reach this climax together. Then it was over: “Suspiravimus,” Augustine writes. “We sighed, and returned to the sound of our speech.”
Fast forward forty years or so, and Augustine still can’t get over his inquieta adulescentia, or unruly adolescent boner:
“But when it must come to man’s great function of the procreation of children the members which were expressly created for this purpose will not obey the direction of the will, but lust has to be waited for to set these members in motion, as if it had legal right over them.”
And this ardor, Greenblatt adds, to which Augustine gives the technical name “concupiscence,” was not simply a natural endowment or a divine blessing; it was a touch of evil. What a married man and woman who intend to beget a child do together is not evil, Augustine insisted; it is good. “But the action is not performed without evil.” True, sexual intercourse—as Augustine knew from long experience with his mistress and others—is the greatest bodily pleasure. But the surpassing intensity of pleasure is precisely its dangerous allure, its sweet poison: “Surely, any friend of wisdom and holy joys . . . would prefer, if possible, to beget children without lust.”
(Surely, if you say so).
Augustine’s tortured recognition that involuntary arousal (or hard-on) was an inescapable presence—not only in conjugal lovemaking but also in what he calls the “very movements which it causes, to our sorrow, even in sleep, and even in the bodies of chaste men”—shaped his most influential idea, one that transformed the story of Adam and Eve and weighed down the centuries that followed: originale peccatum = original sin.
This idea became one of the cornerstones of Christian orthodoxy.
Augustine went on to shape Christian theology for both Roman Catholics and Protestants,and to bequeath to all of us the conviction that there is something fundamentally damaged about the entire human species. There has probably been no more important Western thinker in the past fifteen hundred years. [Greenblatt].
He also shaped the beliefs of Puritans.
And that, Dear Ethan, is our legacy, in two erections.
“Puritanism: The haunting fear that someone, somewhere, may be happy.” – H.L. Mencken
What happens when our natural lust and sexual imagination are banished by the touch of Hera’s finger, or by Augustine’s touch of evil?
We repress, and become ashamed and exiled from our sensuality; “disconnected” as you said: less in our hearts, and less in our bodies.
And then we look for substitutes, ‘toxic mimics’, as Barry Spector calls them in ‘Madness at the Gates of the City’.
Is anyone surprised then that the states with the highest viewership of pornography are located in the Bible Belt? Or – as if pointing the finger back at Hera and Augustine’s mother – by the fact that the two most popular porn terms searched for by men include the word “Mother”?
“The insistence to obscure the true nature of our species’ sexuality leaves half our marriages collapsing under a tide of swirling sexual frustrations, libido-killing boredom, dysfunction, confusion, and shame.” – Christopher Ryan and Cacilda Jethá: ‘Sex at Dawn’
Our insistence on opposing spirit and mind to both nature and sexuality, makes us become split (disconnected, in Ethan’s terms), and at war with ourselves and our instinctual appetites. Christianity, Nietzsche proclaimed, gave Eros poison to drink.
Pornography is now an industry worth tens of billions of dollars worldwide. According to Pornhub, in 2016, the human race consumed enough hours of porn to last 5,246 centuries! Porn, says James Hillman, is the return of the repressed.
“Our sexual tastes are much more psychologically deep, even tender and sensitive than is currently imagined. Crucially – in all cases of addiction, it’s never that we are simply greedy or lusty or depraved. The real reason is always more poignant and more worthy of sympathy: we get addicted because we’re sad.” – Alan de Botton
Sad, because, like Priapus, we have been exiled from our natural sensuality, so we now look for it through fantasy.
The problem is that the fantasy starts becoming more lifelike than the real, and we end up, as Alan Watts cautioned, “bestowing more metaphysical and aesthetic value to what is lifelike to what is life”.
Reality begins to disappoint us. (e.g. the movie ‘Her’)
In 2016, an all-new term shot into the top searches on Pornhub: ‘Overwatch’, in reference to the popular video game released earlier that year, known for its fast action and overtly sexualized characters. It appears that the trend is moving more toward fantasy than reality. ‘Generic’ porn is being replaced with fantasy specific, or scenario specific scenes.[1]
Losing our Senses
My friend Theo, who I’m currently helping navigate across his own love and existential tumult, wrote this to me as he entered the wilderness after many days sitting in front of his computer:
“Ninety percent of our human story as hunter-gatherers, forgotten. We’ve retained all the fears of the Savannah, but none of the skills. Instead of stars, we now can’t find our way without a GPS. The world’s shrill cacophony roaring in our ears makes it impossible to listen to silence. The bark’s rugosity, the moss’ padding, the lichen’s scuff, the silk of a leaf…unfamiliar. Our sense of smell and taste blunted by exposure to the corrosive wear of artificiality. We now rely on labels to tell us what will nourish us. Our sight, bleared by glaring and flickering blue light, misses the forest’s secret clues and diminishes its rich depth…diminishes us. And our entire being, jarred daily by a lightning storm of histrionic images and voices that incite us to extremes of lust, greed, envy, outrage, and fear – soon losing their effect, requiring more potent doses to keep us hooked – have made it impossible for us to know what exactly it is we are to do with ourselves in stillness. No wonder we’re always bored. Like a violin, discarded in the dusty attic of our past – strings slack, tuning pegs broken, and cracked bout – we no longer resonate, vibrate, thrum, or harmonize, so can’t play our once rightful part in the concert hall of Earth. In that state of alienation, rather than attuning ourselves to her symphony and harnessing her power, we now are bent on her domination and destruction.”
Exacerbating our state of exile, our increasingly virtual world is pushing us deeper into Plato’s Cave.
In the allegory, Plato likens people to prisoners chained in a cave, unable to turn their heads. All they can see is the wall of the cave. Behind them burns a fire. Between the fire and the prisoners there is a parapet, along which puppeteers walk. The puppeteers, who are behind the prisoners, hold up puppets that cast shadows on the wall of the cave. The prisoners are unable to see these puppets – the real objects, that pass behind them. What the prisoners see and hear are only the shadows and echoes cast by objects that they do not see. The prisoners mistake appearance for reality. They think the things they see on the wall (the shadows) are real; they know nothing of the real causes of the shadows.
In its truest sense, Alan Watts suggested, American culture is the most ‘immaterialist’.
In his blog for ‘The Stone’, Richard Kearney asks if today’s virtual dater and mater is not more like an updated version of Plato’s Gyges, who can see everything at a distance, but is touched by nothing. “Are we perhaps entering an age of excarnation,” Kearney asks, “where we obsess about the body in increasingly disembodied ways? For if incarnation is the image become flesh, excarnation is flesh become image.”
Pornography, he adds, is paradoxically a twin of Puritanism. Both display an alienation from flesh – one replacing it with the virtuous, the other with the virtual. Each is out of touch with the body.
In his book ‘De Anima’ Aristotle pronounced that touch is the most intelligent sense, because it is the most sensitive. As such, it is the most universal of the senses. In this pronouncement, he not only was challenging his own previous conceptions, but the dominant prejudice of the Platonic doctrine of his time, which held that sight was the highest sense. Aristotle did not win. The Platonists prevailed, and the Western universe – our universe – became a system governed by the ‘soul’s eye’. Western philosophy (our ideas) thus sprang from a dualism between the intellectual senses, crowned by sight, and the lower animal senses, stigmatized by touch [Kearney].
We’re back to the battle between spirit/mind vs flesh/nature; Psyche vs Eros; between the ideas of the Myce and the Minos I talked about in Part II.
Enter the weeping, pre-Platonist philosopher, Heraclitus.
This guy is best known for his aphorism that one cannot step into the same river twice. But his more important doctrine, in my mind, is his commitment to the unity of opposites, whereby no entity, or person, can occupy a single state at a single time. While Heraclitus did not coin it, the concept of ‘enantiodromia’ has been attributed to him.
Enantiodromia (Ancient Greek: enantios – opposite, and dromos – running course), basically means that the superabundance of any force, inevitably produces its opposite. It is similar to the principle of equilibrium in the natural world, in that any extreme, is opposed by the system in order to restore balance. When things get to their extreme, they turn into their opposite.[2] (For an example of this dynamic, between the interplay of male and female energies, read the excerpt of Elizabeth Zioga’s blog, included in Part II).
In analytical psychology, enantiodromia means that something that is repressed (a man’s natural sensuality, or instinctual appetites, for example), shapeshifts in the unconscious into something powerful and threatening. To wit: St. Augustine’s natural erection turning into the touch of evil.
Carl Jung had this to say about it:
“Enantiodromia. This characteristic phenomenon practically always occurs when an extreme, one-sided tendency dominates conscious life; in time, an equally powerful counterposition is built up, which first inhibits the conscious performance and subsequently breaks through the conscious control.”
How do we heal this split caused by Hera and St. Augustine?
Enantiodromia also refers to the process whereby one seeks out and embraces an opposing quality, internalizing it in a way that results in individual wholeness. This process is the crux of Jung’s notion, called the “path of individuation”. One must incorporate an opposing archetype (or essence) into their psyche to reach a state of internal completion.[3]
“Mental or physical symptoms appear when we have forgotten something essential. They arise from the underworld – or the body – where they have been exiled by the mind. We convert neurosis (stress, depression, anxiety, or obsessive behavior) into authentic suffering, through active participation or soul-making. Illness indicates the need to establish a relationship with a particular deity” says Barry Spector, in ‘Madness at the Gates of the City’.
Enter Hedone, Goddess of Sensual Pleasure, Enjoyment, and Delight.
Hedone was the daughter of Psyche (spirit or soul) and Eros (god of love and sexual attraction).
Sensual pleasure, enjoyment, and delight, are therefore, the products of the union and healthy balance between spirituality and sexuality, between mind and body.
Hedone is the deity with whom you, Ethan, must establish a relationship.
Full humanity, Richard Kearney says, requires the ability to sense and be sensed in turn: the power, as Shakespeare said, to “feel what wretches feel” — or, one might also add, what artists, cooks, musicians and lovers feel. We need to find our way in a tactile world again. We need to return from head to foot, from brain to fingertip, from iCloud to earth. To close the distance, so that Eros is more about proximity than proxy. So that soul becomes flesh, where it belongs. Such a move, I submit, would radically alter our “sense” of sex in our digital civilization. It would enhance the role of empathy, vulnerability and sensitivity in the art of carnal love, and ideally, in all of human relations. Because to love or be loved truly, is to be able to say, “I have been touched”.
The Road Back to our Hearts and Bodies
If you’ve been paying attention, Ethan, you’ll know right away that I am not going to suggest that we return to the sexual liberation of the 1960’s; to an unbalanced plunge into carnal pleasures. Enantiodromia, remember?
Though I am suggesting that we all flip St. Augustine the bird once and for all.
Meet Apollo, representative of logos, mind, reason, and intellect.
I know…not as impressive as Priapus’, but that’s not the point.
The point, as Alan de Botton said, is that the statue of Apollo gives greater prestige to a very important ideal. It pictures someone very successful, very admirable and competent – who is also highly sensuous. This ideal was meant to be in people’s minds as they grew up, as they judged themselves and others. The Greeks were presenting Apollo as someone who could combine being sexual with being clever and accomplished.
So, how do we find our way back to our natural sensuality?
I asked Theo this question and this was his prescription:
1. Learn to Tango, the most erotic dance in the world. You will shed, as the female poet Kapka Kassabova said, the crippling binary neurosis of Western modernity whereby in matters of body and mind we are either intellecting, or having sex.
“Never give a sword to a man than cannot dance.”
Just take a look at our current political mess, and you’ll understand what Confucius meant by that.
Or, if you prefer the French, here’s playwright Moliere:
“There is nothing so necessary to man as the dance. Without dancing a man can do nothing. All the disasters of men, all the fatal misfortunes of which history is full, the blunders of politicians…all this comes from not knowing how to dance.”
2. Read poetry every single day. Start with this selection. Then move on to Rumi, or Neruda, or Mirabai. Heck! Even the Bible’s ‘Song of Songs’.
3. Learn to cook, and when you do, use your hands to mix, blend, and knead, as if you were caressing a woman’s or man’s body. As often as you can, cook by an open fire.
4. Play music and sculpt.
5. Go out often into the wild, but go alone, and without your electronic appendages. See everything…smell everything…touch everything.
6. Give yourself permission to be who you are. Authenticity is a powerful aphrodisiac. Switch your existence from a mode of ‘having’ to one of ‘being’, and do not squander all your erotic and sensual energies in feverish pursuit of money, career, fame, and power. In Chapter 6 of my journey, I recount a personal, blissful experience of this kind.
7. Have the courage to be vulnerable. One of the reasons why eroticism is dead in our world, as Alan Watts suggested, is because of our culturally-ingrained discomfort with vulnerability which we try to overcome by perfect self-control which is tantamount to a state of total paralysis. Control is a degree of inhibition, and a system, or person, that is perfectly inhibited, is completely frozen.
8. Fall in love with your body, no matter the shape it’s in. Fall in love with your lover’s body, and in its presence, assume it’s virgin territory, and you, a daring, sensual explorer. Discover it with your five senses, every time, for the first time. You’ll always find a new, adorable freckle.
9. Before lovemaking, do as Napoleon did, who once wrote to his wife, saying: “I’ll be home in three days. Don’t bathe.” Our natural scent is intoxicating.
10. And, finally, when you and your partner meet, in love, recite this to each other:
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[1] In his essay, ‘Big Red Son’ written in the late 90’s by David Foster Wallace, he added this footnote to his coverage of the Annual Adult Video Awards:
“Dark’s and Black’s movies are vile. They are meant to be. And the truth is that in-your-face-vileness is part of the schizoid direction porn’s been moving in all decade. For available, more acceptable, more lucrative, more chic – it has become also more “extreme”. In nearly all hetero porn now there is a new emphasis on anal sex, painful penetrations, degrading tableaux, and the psychological abuse of women. In certain respects, this extremism may simply be porn’s tracing Hollywood entertainment’s own arc. It’s hardly news that TV and legit film have also gotten more violent and explicit and raw in the last decade.”
[2] Enantiodromia. (2017, August 28). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 15:52, December 10, 2017.
Author returntothetreePosted on December 16, 2017 March 1, 2018 Categories RelationshipsTags Gender Equality, Pornography, Relationships, Sexual Assault, Sexuality1 Comment on Why Do Men Objectify Women – Part III
First Treasure Hunt!
I love treasure hunts.
As a young boy, I would constantly bury things in my garden and then draw a map to their location: drawing guideposts, counting steps, hiding clues in riddles, etc.
I figured I’d share the thrill with you.
Here’s how it’ll work:
The contest will be open to all registered crew members (Buccaneers and up) as of December 18, 2017.
One word clue will be embedded in each of the upcoming three chapters (7 through 10) of Theo’s Journey.
I’ll provide a guiding clue with the release of Chapter 7.
As you find each of the 3 clues, you’ll be able to confirm with me if you are on the right track.
One week after the release of Chapter 10, I’ll send all registered contestants 3 image clues and a question.
The first one to send me the correct answer will receive a $100 Amazon Gift Card. That’s enough treasure to pay for one whole year of passage aboard Theo’s ship.
How savvy a pirate are you?
Author returntothetreePosted on December 5, 2017 April 7, 2018 Categories UncategorizedLeave a comment on First Treasure Hunt!
WHY DO MEN OBJECTIFY WOMEN? (PART II)
Welcome back to the jungle.
Two weeks ago, in Part I of this series, we imagined ourselves by an open fire, listening to Joe, Nick, Tyrone, Mike, and Alex, explain why they often objectify women.
They said they did to bond with other men, to avoid rejection, intimacy and vulnerability, to fill the holes in their psyches, and as a way to reject or deny their innermost feelings.
We will now listen to Charlie answer the same question.
CHARLIE: “I’m stuck in the belief that the feminine essence is outside of myself. I’m alienated from the larger truth of my Completeness as a human being.”
Before we attempt to understand and tackle these two issues, this is key:
Humans are hardwired to worry. One of the main functions of our primal brain is to protect us from threats to our survival, so our thoughts naturally go there first. In their book, ‘Words Can Change Your Brain’, Andrew Newberg, M.D. and Mark Robert Waldman, wrote that “a single word has the power to influence the expression of genes that regulate physical and emotional stress. Positive words can alter the expression of genes, strengthening areas in our frontal lobes and promoting the brain’s cognitive functioning. They propel the motivational centers of the brain into action. Using the right words can transform our reality.”[1]
Therefore, Charlie, let’s rephrase your answers to properly frame the narrative:
Instead of saying [I’m stuck in the belief] use [I’m stuck with the belief]. Rather than [I’m alienated] try [I’ve been alienated].
You’ll notice that by changing just one word, you have turned yourself from victim, to potential hero, and the motivational centers of your brain have now externalized a ‘Dragon’ with which we can all battle.
Feeling something ‘out there’ that was once inside us, or feeling alienated, signals loss. And when we lose something (think car keys), it is always best to retrace our steps.
WHO was it that stuck men with the belief that the female essence is outside them? And WHEN and HOW were men exiled from their state of wholeness?
It appears the initial blame falls on climate change, the horse, and a volcano eruption.
The Origin of Our Stories
Ancient Greece was the cradle of Western Civilization. It is from where most of us get our ideas…our stories. And it was on the island of Crete where the first European civilization, the Minoans, emerged around 3000 years ago.
A bit earlier, in the Eurasian steppes, a nomadic, cattle-herding culture was on the move. Its expansion coincided with the taming of the horse, and climatic changes that made the steppes cooler and drier. A large group of these Indo-Europeans settled in the acropolis site of Mycenae, two hundred miles from Crete.
These two groups, the Minoans and the Mycenaeans, had very different ways of looking at the world, so a clash was inevitable.
Archaeological evidence suggests that Minoan society was especially prosperous, peaceful, and happy. The prominence of women in palace frescoes and the numerous figurines of goddesses found on Cretan sites, have even prompted speculation that Minoan society continued to be a female-dominated culture of the kind that has sometimes been postulated as the indigenous society of prehistoric Europe.[2]
Hunter-gatherers first showed up in this area near the southeastern Greek seacoast about twenty thousand years before the present. Over the next twelve thousand years, the sea level gradually rose, and large game animals were no longer available, so hunter-gatherer populations came to depend increasingly on plants for their survival, and the problem became to develop a reliable supply. Whatever the ways through which knowledge of agriculture spread, Neolithic women had probably played the major role in inventing the technology and the tools needed to practice it, such as digging sticks and grinding stones. After all, women in hunter-gatherer societies had developed the greatest knowledge of plants because they were the principal gatherers of this food. In the earliest history of farming, women did most of the agricultural labor, while men continued to hunt.[3]
Meanwhile, over at Mycenae…
Inspired by the Greek poet Homer’s tale of the Trojan War, during the 1870’s archaeologists uncovered the Bronze Age site of Mycenae in the Peloponnese. The discovery of treasure-filled graves pointed to a warrior culture organized in independent settlements ruled by powerful commanders, who enriched themselves by conducting raiding expeditions near and far, as well as by dominating local farmers.[4]
Of Myce and Minos
What were the main differences between Mycenaeans (‘Myce’) and Minoans (‘Minos’)?
They spoke different languages.
Minos were by far more artistic.
The Myce made burnt offerings to the gods; the Minos did not.
Palaces in Myce were heavily fortified. Minoan were not.
Weapons were prevalent in Myce, hardly any on Mino.
Mino society granted women higher status (although it was not a matriarchy as some suggest). Myce, by contrast, were patriarchal.
Goddesses played a greater role in Minoa as evidenced by the large number of female figurines. In contrast, the Indo-Europeans that settled in Mycenae, had brought with them their most powerful deity: Dyḗus Pḥatḗr, literally Sky Father (Zeus in Greek mythology).[5]
Then, a massive volcano eruption and tsunami, one that may have inspired the myth of Atlantis, spelled the end of the Minoan Civilization.
The Myce and their stories took over.
The Stories We Tell Ourselves
One common myth found in nearly all Indo-European mythologies is a battle ending with a hero or god (masculine) slaying a serpent or dragon (feminine).
The stories woven from these beings, as gods, goddesses, semi-mortals, heroes, and demons, constitute the myths and religious stories of humankind. Carl Jung, the Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who founded analytical psychology, postulated that myths about such archetypal entities constitute the ‘dreams’ of cultures, and that the stories and archetypes originate in the dreams and fantasies of individuals.[6]
Of all the Greek myths, the one that is most relevant to Charlie’s dilemma, is the Myth of Athena, Perseus, and Medusa.
If any Greek goddess conforms to the classical anima – or archetype for the feminine side of man present in the male unconscious – it is Athena, goddess of wisdom and warfare.
Athena was born of the Sky Father’s (Zeus) head. As such, she is the anima of the high god, who is born directly from the male psyche without having to go through the intermediary and polluting experience of birth from a female body. She is spared the indignities of dependency, and emerges into myth as an adult: powerful, wise, and masculine. She protects all heroes without undermining their masculine power through sexual attraction. She is most certainly a male fantasy – no sidelong glance from her feminine eyes can drag a man into the murky, uncontrolled depths of his unconscious libido. Rather she protects men when at their most threatened – in battle.
However cerebral, Athena is deeply disturbed by Medusa, a beautiful mortal woman with lovely hair, who is seduced in Athena’s temple by Poseidon, Athena’s rival. Outraged, Athena curses Medusa, turning her beautiful hair into snakes. Thus, she turns Medusa into an underworld figure, and thereafter, should a man glance at Medusa, he turns to stone. Not satisfied with turning beautiful Medusa into a feared and ugly monster, Athena then sends Perseus to behead this Gorgon and bring back her head. To avoid looking at Medusa, Perseus sights her in Athena’s polished bronze shield, using it as a mirror.
Athena is consciousness (the mind, thought); Medusa is the unconscious (instinct, feeling, body). ‘Medusa’ means female wisdom, and traditionally, female wisdom means the wisdom of the body, instincts, emotions: the anima’s chaotic urge to life, and wisdom of a hidden purpose which seems to reflect a superior knowledge of life’s laws.
In teasing out multiple meanings of the Athena vs. Medusa myth, Medusa seems to be a maiden, demonized by the intellect’s rejection of feminine beauty and sexuality, and persecuted by the conscious intellect, with its a-sexual, non-instinctive ideals – the Apollonian, as opposed to the Dionysian principle. In the ancient world, Apollo represented the pagan logos, Dionysus the instincts.
Athena, therefore, is a female version of the Apollo principle – logos, mind, reason, intellect. These are the qualities of the sky, divorced from the world of instinct and non-rational human nature – without soul, hence Athena’s struggle with and ambivalent relationship to her own anima, Medusa.[7]
There you have it Charlie, the answer to your predicament:
Q: Who made you believe the female essence is outside you?
A: The Myce.
Q: How and when were you exiled from your state of wholeness?
A: By changing the story, about 3000 years ago.
The Path Back to Wholeness
The most relevant part of the Athena/Medusa story is not the ascendancy of the masculine (Myce) over the feminine principle (Mino), but the symbolism of Athena’s shield.
Using Athena’s bronze shield as a mirror turns Medusa into a mirror image of Athena – the looking glass image, or the opposite. The configuration of Athena with Medusa’s head on her shield suggests the combination, or reconciliation of the conscious with the unconscious, of intellect (or ego), with the feeling, intuitive, instinctive, hidden aspect of the psyche – of male essence with female essence.
Athena is the ultra-conscious, intellectual, rational sky goddess; her unconscious counterpart is the snaky-haired, sexually-charged goddess of the underworld – Athena’s thwarted, wounded anima, or soul.
If we accept that the sky gods of the nomadic Indo-European herders (the ‘Myce’), usurped and subjugated the pre-Indo European agricultural deities of Greece which were predominantly female (the ‘Minos’), then we might see Medusa as an agricultural goddess of fertility, and Athena’s appropriation of her head as an attempt to integrate and liberate her own unconscious, pre-patriarchal femininity. Athena, identified with her patriarchal, Indo-European father, tries to recapture what Zeus (the masculine principle) in her has denied and destroyed.[8]
Athena was looking for the same thing Charlie is.
Before we look for the path back to wholeness, I believe it is important that we realize the consequences of failing to do so. As Jesus warned in the Gnostic Gospel of Thomas:
“If you bring forth what is within you, what you bring forth will save you. If you do not bring forth what is within you, what you do not bring forth will destroy you.”
In ‘Madness at the Gates of the City’, author Barry Spector said that with the rise of patriarchy (the Myce worldview) our creative imagination polarized into the paranoid imagination and the predatory imagination. The first is based on irrational fear, the second on an insatiable drive for control. Both express a narcissism that objectifies and negates other perspectives.
British philosopher Alan Watts suggested that one of the most important tasks facing Westerners as individuals and Western culture as a whole, is to overcome the dualistic view that spirit (the Sky, Athena, Apollo, reason, ego) is opposed to matter (the Earth, Medusa, Dionysus, intuition, feeling, body). These ideas, Watts said, concern the interrelations of (a) nature and gender, (b) men and women, and (c) sexuality and spirituality.[9]
Watts directly addressed Charlie’s sense of alienation from the larger truth of his completeness as a human being:
“Man’s feeling that he is an isolated being in an alien environment is a basic illusion that leads to other illusions. The West, victim of this illusion, looks down on all things associated with nature, including all things feminine. This, has moral consequences in terms of how we treat or mistreat that which we mistakenly consider to be apart from us.”
The ecological price we are paying for this split is self-evident.
The problem is not men’s alone. As more and more women enter the workforce, and compete in the arena of corporate capitalism, they find that they must surrender – or become separated from – their natural feminine essence, and embody more masculine energy.
In her insightful blog, ‘The Dance of the Masculine & Feminine: How to Harmonize the Polarity of our Relationships’, Elizabeth Ziogas writes:
“Every human being is comprised of both masculine and feminine energies, although we have one dominant energy that is more our true essence. [However], many women have developed masculine shells in order to build their careers, generate income and manage their families and households. A relationship functions like its own organism: It will strive to create balance and homeostasis to ensure its survival. If one partner is embodying their masculine essence, the other partner will subconsciously begin to embody feminine energy to create polarity, attraction, ease, and balance within the relationship. Like batteries, a relationship needs both a positive (masculine) and negative (feminine) pole to generate electricity and create attraction. So when we, as women, are embodying more masculine energy, we will notice our men begin to embody more feminine energy and vice versa. As we choose to express our femininity fully, our partners will naturally exhibit more masculinity to maintain the polarity of the relationship. Our nurturing and empowering feminine presence will actually inspire our men to rise into their true masculine essence; catalyze the evolution of their purpose and leadership.”
Inseparable Opposites
Watts emphasized the ways in which, in the Daoist yin–yang model, masculine and feminine gender traits are two poles of the same reality. Seen this way, they can be integrated in a harmonious and balanced relationship. To say that opposites are polar is to say much more than that they are far apart; it is to say that they are related and joined—that they are the terms, ends, or extremities of a single whole. Polar opposites are therefore inseparable opposites.[10]
Here, I want to remind Charlie of the term he used in the second part of his answer: “I’m alienated from the larger truth of my Completeness as a human being.” You did not say “completeness as a man”.
When old narratives no longer make sense, we need to re-awaken our creative imagination to write new stories, or remember forgotten ones.
“Soul-making”, Spector says, “involves re-dreaming and re-framing our lives as healing fictions. Facts can’t change, but we can change their meaning through artful telling, so that we live not from our wounds, but with them. Cultures with living myths encourage infinite expressions of creativity. In a world that devalues the spiritual, many forget how to think mythologically and are drawn to its toxic mimic, addiction. By ritually enacting our myths, we may be able to keep ourselves from acting them out literally.”
In your case, Charlie, objectifying women is a literal acting-out of the Athena/Medusa myth. You are sending your Perseus, or your male archetype of the slaying hero, to cut-off Medusa’s head, instead of ritually and symbolically re-integrating her female wisdom and skills you feel you have lost. You are having your Myce overpower your Mino, thereby perpetuating an old, destructive story.
A Modern-Day Argument for Integration
No Men Required
Let’s go back about twelve thousand years to the time when climatic changes in Neolithic Greece were seriously impacting the availability of large game animals to hunt, and calling forth the gathering, ‘Earth’ wisdom of women. This scenario – in which drastic changes in the environment call for adaptation and new survival skills – is very much like the one we are experiencing today. In its 2016 report, ‘The Future of Jobs and Skills’, the World Economic Forum warned:
“Many of the major drivers of transformation currently affecting global industries are expected to have a significant impact on jobs, ranging from significant job creation to job displacement, and from heightened labor productivity to widening skills gaps.”
There are overarching shifts poised to change the nature of work itself over the next decade,” says Devin Fidler, research director at Institute for the Future. “They include a demand for new skills and strategies that could help people thrive in future work environments. It’s going to take a long time for robots to be good at soft skills, like social and emotional intelligence, and cross-cultural competency, which are hugely valuable in a world where you or I could go and be working with somebody in the Philippines within an hour. Virtual collaboration itself is really useful in that environment as well.
Social and Emotional Intelligence, Cross-cultural competency, Collaboration: all preponderantly feminine, or right-brained skills.
Therefore, Charlie, if my psycho-spiritual argument for balance doesn’t convince you, consider that the only way you’ll survive in the 21st Century, will be to recover and activate the right-brained power and wisdom you think you have lost.
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[1] Borchard, Therese J. ‘Words Can Change Your Brain’ 11.30.13 https://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2013/11/30/words-can-change-your-brain/
[2] Martin, Thomas. Ancient Greece: From Prehistoric to Hellenistic Times, Second Edition. Yale University Press 2013.
[5] Amemiya, Takeshi. Economy and Economics of Ancient Greece. Routledge, Mar 12, 2007.
[6] Relke, Joan. (2007) The Archetypal Female in Mythology and Religion: The Anima and the Mother. Retrieved from https://ejop.psychopen.eu/article/view/389.
[9] Levering, Miriam. ‘Alan Watts on Nature, Gender, and Sexuality: A Contemporary View. 2012 State University of New York.
Author returntothetreePosted on December 2, 2017 February 3, 2019 Categories RelationshipsTags Feminism, Gender Equality, Masculinity, Millennials, Relationships, SexualityLeave a comment on WHY DO MEN OBJECTIFY WOMEN? (PART II)
Why Do Men Objectify Women? (Part I)
BECAUSE THEY’RE PIGS!
I could leave it here, effortlessly accepting this dismissive (even if sometimes deserved) verdict by the extremes of Feminism; a movement whose once rightful outrage has been co-opted by a brittle ideology thundered by a new tribe of shrill Amazons who seem bent on nothing less than the extermination of the male gender.
I could heed the words of Tim Kreider who said that:
“One reason we rush so quickly to the vulgar satisfaction of judgment, and love to revel in our righteous outrage, is that it spares us from the impotent pain of empathy, and the harder, messier work of understanding.”
I choose to understand, no matter how hard, messy, and time-consuming.
Which reminds me…if you’re impatiently looking around this article to figure out how many minutes this post will take to read, or furtively looking at the tyrant clock (there, at the bottom-right of your screen) let me save you precious time, politely escort you out the door, and point you towards the many ‘How-to’s’ and ‘Listicles’ out there; the ones that keep promising – in 1-2-3 easy steps – to make you instantly wiser, happier, sexier, brawnier, or brainier.
I don’t do ‘instant’ anything, be it coffee, oatmeal, sex, or wisdom.
To understand (from Old English understandan: “to stand in the midst of”), we must listen. But prior, we must have the boldness and humility to unburden ourselves from our presuppositions and prejudices.
We also need time: ‘Heart-full’ time.
I’m standing by an open fire, somewhere deep in a jungle, in the midst of a group of young men we call ‘Millennials’, between the ages of 20-35.
I ask them: Why Do Men Objectify Women?”
Sit by my side now, and listen carefully to what they have to say. These are, by the way, the voices of real individuals whom I’ve listened to in cyberspace. Only their names are made-up:
JOE: “Men bond around it.”
NICK: “I’m avoiding something…an avoidance of rejection. Intimacy takes work, courage and commitment. Objectifying is an “easy” road out of the potential of rejections.”
TYRONE: “It keeps me safe from [the] treacherous road of intimacy and vulnerability.”
MIKE: “Because I feel a hole in me and I want to fill that hole.”
ALEX: “It happens almost always when I have stuff to feel, deep down, that I simply don’t want to feel. If I am feeling some sort of unrest, I will seek to get something from ‘Her’: to ‘suck her beauty’ in some way, and that will somehow feed me/nourish me.”
ETHAN: “When I used porn semi-frequently, I was doing so whenever I was disconnected from myself. Because I feel disconnected, less present, less in my heart, and less in my body.”
ADAM: “To avoid the terror of annihilation…of being reabsorbed back into the feminine.”
HENRY: “For guys who have very little ability to self-reflect, or limited self-awareness, [we] live seeing the entire world as object.”
ARTURO: “The women I typically objectify are the hardest ones for me to understand completely. The thing I notice, is how easily such a mysterious woman can [match] the ideal partner that I subconsciously created as a child.”
Silence…crickets…frogs…
Now look deeply into their eyes, and dare to call them ‘Pigs’.
They are disoriented, that’s all, which is something I touched on in an earlier blog post.
1. Men objectify women to bond with other men.
2. They do it to avoid rejection, intimacy, and vulnerability.
3. To fill psychic holes.
4. As a way to reject, or deny, their innermost feelings.
5. It often occurs when they are disconnected from their sensuous selves.
6. Or because they’re afraid of being absorbed by – and are out of touch with – the feminine.
7. Because they lack self-awareness.
8. And because the objectified female reflects an imprinted, mysterious archetype in their beings.
How true, what Sam Keen said:
“The greatest underdeveloped nation in the world lies within the psyches of men.”
Grab your machete, strap on your headlamp, and follow me. We’ll attempt to slash our way through the jungle thicket of these young men’s muddle and darkest yearnings.
For the record, let me state that my last name is not followed by acronyms, such as MD., PhD, PsyaD, PsyD. Like most of you, I’m simply an ordinary human being – confused, contradictory, conflicted, flawed, failed, sometimes, I’ve been told, lovable – who just happens to have the time, curiosity, and inclination to grapple with what I consider some of the most fundamental questions that define us as human beings.
“If during the next million generations there is but one human being who will not cease to inquire into the nature of his fate, even while it strips and bludgeons him, some day we shall read the riddle of the universe.” – Rebecca West
I’m striving to read the riddle.
I’m also doing this for a friend, called Theo. He’s troubled, and has asked me to help him grapple with his own love and existential tumult.
One last thing before we head-in: I take issue with the insistence of defining Masculinity solely in terms of how men should relate to women. Not only is it condescending, but doesn’t advance anyone’s cause. It’s as narrow-minded as men defining Femininity on the shallow ground of physical attractiveness or sexual allure.
Male Bonding
Our human genus led a nomadic, hunter-gatherer existence during ninety-nine percent of the time we’ve been on Earth. Such life, I imagine, offered men the needed space to let-off steam, prove their worth and mettle, and refine their cooperation and communication skills. Plenty of Bromance in the Wild.
All that has changed.
Spaces for men to bond with each other (I’ll simplify here for the sake of time) seem now limited to either (a) huddling around a screen to vicariously live out their fantasies through sports, or through reality shows in which tough guys get to do the ‘wild’ things men yearn, but most can no longer do themselves, (b) crowding around a beer keg, or (c) joining a gang, or the armed forces. Not particularly conducive to sincere, expressive, and meaningful conversations, nor to establish deep connections between men. What ends up happening is that they become emotional stutterers, as Sam Keen wrote in ‘Fire in the Belly’, using sexual or [violent] language to express their desire for communion.
“Friendship among men is the most modest and rugged of the modes of love,” Keen added. “Many American men, afraid of close friendships with other men, will become overdependent on women to fulfill their need for intimacy. But every single relationship that is expected to fulfill every need will become claustrophobic, cloying, and swampy.”
I don’t yet have a clear solution for more meaningful ways for men to bond, other than calling for more communal life and less individualism – more male drum circles, fire pits, wilderness retreats, and, most critically, to call for the return of our Wise Old Men, who can teach Joe how to truly bond with his mates, not by objectifying women, but by ‘subjectifying’ himself.
NICK: “I’m avoiding something…an avoidance of rejection. Intimacy takes work, courage and commitment. Objectifying is an ‘easy’ road out of the potential of rejections.”
I came of age during a time when, at parties, boys stood pressed against one wall of the dance floor, while girls sat – primly on the opposite side – yawning and checking their nails, completely ignoring our jitters. There were no ‘loose girls’ crossing that seemingly endless floor to ask any of us out to dance (or grind). Most often, we struck-out. Boy, it hurt. I was stung by every painful and embarrassing rejection, but now realize how fortunate I was. Because, if I really wanted to get the girl, I had to keep crossing that scary floor, keep getting rejected, gaining more and more courage with every attempt, perfecting my courtship skills until I finally got it right. Which I did.
Here’s the thing Nick: The ‘easy road’ is really a path to degradation – the degradation of your nobility as a man. Yes, intimacy takes work (of the good kind, mind you), and courage, and commitment, but consider their opposites: sloth, cowardice, and indecisiveness = not attractive.
I’ve written about this before, so won’t dwell.
From both Nick’s and Tyrone’s ‘easy vs treacherous road’ comments, it appears to me we’ve done a grave disservice to Millennials by insisting on paving for them a safe and frictionless road to the land of plenty and perpetual happiness; a road on which we protectively run by their sides (with sunscreen, trophies, and water of course) drip-feeding them constant recognition and reaffirmation of their personality and worth.
Memorize this, Tyrone.
“Fire is the test of gold; adversity, of strong men.” – Martha Graham
And what of ‘Vulnerability’?
To be invulnerable requires that we create a ‘safe’ distance between ourselves and the world, so it can’t touch us. But wouldn’t this so-called, safe distance, just exacerbate the disconnect Ethan blames for his occasional forays into pornography?
I agree with Todd May, philosophy professor at Clemson University, who suspects that most of us want to feel caught up in the world. “We want to feel gripped by what we do and those we care about. The price of this involvement is our vulnerability. We must stand prepared to feel the loss of what we care about, because that is part of what it means to care. Caring requires desiring for the sake of others, which in an uncertain world entails that that desiring can be frustrated.”
No pain, no gain, I guess is what he’s saying, and, what Zat Rana means by:
“The risk of vulnerability is balanced by the reward of ecstasy.”
Filling Holes
We all have them Mike, to one degree or another. I should know; my psyche looks like a block of Swiss Cheese. In fact, I’ve discovered that even those whose last names trail acronyms like tin cans dragged by a newlywed car, are as pockmarked as the Moon. So chill, you’re not alone. But rather than allowing this recognition to cause you despair, you should learn to accept it as the gift of humility and understanding.
A good man does not have empathy, Keen argued. He is emphatic. “Since he has given up the illusion that he is self-contained, he naturally flows out to others. The result of coming to know yourself – to know the wounds of shame and guilt, the disappointments of love, the unfulfilled dreams – is that you recognize the same in others.”
The question Mike, is whether you recognize the holes in your psyche.
Have you taken the time to confront your shadows?
“Emotions that have not been properly avowed have a pernicious habit of wreaking havoc across our personalities.” – Alan de Botton, creator of the Book of Life
Botton goes on to say that emotions that remain disavowed and uninterpreted, manifest themselves as powerful, directionless anxiety. “Under their sway, we may feel a compulsive need to remain busy, fear spending any time on our own, or cling to activities that ensure we don’t meet what scares us head on.”
And if you do recognize the holes within you, what are you filling them with: Pornography? Easy-sex? Opioids? Alcohol? Compulsive eating or exercise? Video games? Objectification of women?
These are not of the same material, or essence, that was first dug out, causing the holes in the first place.
Mike, if one of your holes was perhaps caused by your absent father, who maybe never told you what kind of problems he wrestled with as a young man, what he felt, what it meant to him to be a man, leaving it up to you to figure it all out by yourself, that hole, my friend, cannot be filled with any material other than ‘father-stuff’. What do I mean? That you either return to your Father’s Castle to wrestle that guidance from him, or seek a surrogate – a Mentor, Hero, Author, Philosopher – any Man you admire and respect, and spend soulful time with him, scraping the right stuff off his experience and wisdom to fill that hole.
I agree that a big part of the problem today, as Robert Bly suggested, is that we have stripped the poetry away from our suffering, and replaced it with clinical names like anxiety, depression, stress, burnout. Casting our suffering in such sterilized, cold light might make pharmaceutical companies rich, but it leaves us numb and helpless, which might explain why they do it.
I much rather consider my suffering as a great battlefield, full of the material and symbols of mythology, and be like St. George – noble, valiant, fierce – as I too, battle my Demons and Dragons. That – not Prozac or Xanax – lights a fire in my belly, or under my butt, if you prefer.
Avoidance or Denial
ALEX: “[Objectification] happens almost always when I have stuff to feel, deep down, that I simply don’t want to feel. If I am feeling some sort of unrest, I will seek to get something from ‘Her’: to ‘suck her beauty’ in some way, and that will somehow feed me/nourish me.”
I’ll repeat Keen’s earlier words (here paraphrased): “Men who are afraid of close friendships with other men will predictably become overdependent on women to fulfill their need for intimacy. But, every single relationship that is expected to fulfill every need, will become claustrophobic, cloying, and swampy.”
Anthropophagy and Vampirism are not sexy either.
Here’s the rub Alex. Your unrest will still be there the morning after you’ve devoured Her beautiful flesh and sucked her blood. The Dragon will keep flaming deep inside you, until you clothe yourself in armor, trade your joystick for a sword, mount your steed, and, either tame it, or vanquish it.
Repressing, or denying our grief, not only is fruitless, but blunts our capacity to experience joy. We might look tough on the outside, but remain empty within.
Let’s rest and camp here. We’ll continue slashing our way through the thicket in two weeks’ time, when we’ll enter even deeper into the jungle.
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Author returntothetreePosted on November 18, 2017 February 3, 2019 Categories RelationshipsTags Feminism, Masculinity, MGTOW, Millennials, SexualityLeave a comment on Why Do Men Objectify Women? (Part I)
Why Is Monogamy So Damn Difficult?
In Chapter 4 of Theo’s journey, an opportunity presents itself for a one-night stand. He’s at a beachside bar in Mexico – the music pulses, a warm breeze flows, tequila shots and bared flesh abound. Theo is engulfed by an intoxicating cloud of ‘Opium’ worn by an alluring late twenties noirette sitting next to him. She’s celebrating her upcoming wedding with wild abandon in tropical paradise. Theo’s girlfriend is three-thousand miles away. No one would find out.
So difficult.
Or as G.K. Chesterton pronounced:
“The idea of monogamy hasn’t so much been tried and found wanting, as found difficult and left untried.”
Earth is about 4.5 Billion years old. Sex only emerged 1.2 Billion years ago. If we divide Earth’s current age into twenty-four hours, it was not until six hours before midnight that we stumbled upon sex. No wonder we are still mystified by it. It is of recent “invention”.
To our confusion, let’s add that monogamy is not found in any social, group-living primate. Primates aside, only about three percent of mammals, and one-in-ten thousand invertebrate species can be considered monogamous. Birds are different: ninety percent are monogamous, or so scientists affirmed, until confronted with new, contradictory research results. Okay, whatever, we’re not birds anyway, last I checked. We are, as the authors of ‘Sex at Dawn’ suggest, the randy descendants of hypersexual ancestors.
To put it somewhat more elegantly: We are courtship and desire machines.
Nothing wrong with this, unless we insist on ignoring or repressing it, and so continue witnessing the failure of one-in-two marriages, or the tragic toll on young boys exacted by the mandate of clerical celibacy for those married to the Church.
Sex is one of life’s greatest pleasures
Do men cheat more than women?
Not anymore, according to a recent study by the Kinsey Institute at Indiana University, and confirmed by the National Opinion Research Center. They’re just more discreet and discriminating.
I am convinced that a woman’s libido is as potent, if not more so than men’s. The only difference is that theirs is more like the appetite of a gourmand: they don’t yearn to eat just to stop the hunger, but look instead for unique satisfactions presented in imaginative ways. By this, guys, I do not mean twisting yourself into a pretzel while attempting to impress your wives or girlfriends with the sexual positions you half-memorized from that worn copy of the Kama Sutra. That will only strain your back. She longs not for your acrobatics, but your inventiveness.
“Love never dies a natural death. It dies because we don’t know how to replenish its source.” – Anaïs Nin
Let’s be honest: sex is one of life’s greatest pleasures; it is evolution’s most ingenious hat trick. You wouldn’t be reading this if it weren’t.
Here, I make no distinction between a full-fledged affair, and, say, a seemingly harmless, yet sexually-charged text-message exchange. Both hurt.
In Matthew 5:28, Jesus proclaimed that anyone who looks at a woman lustfully, has already committed adultery with her in his heart, and yet, he once challenged those that were about to stone an adulterous woman, by saying: “Let he who is without sin cast the first stone.” They all dropped their stones and walked away. So before anyone hurls stones at my inbox, be sure you’re free from all transgression.
If, on the other hand, you are as culpable as the rest of us, drop your stone, and let’s try to figure this out together.
The Origins of Monogamy
“When marriage was an economic enterprise, infidelity threatened our economic security. But now that marriage is a romantic arrangement, infidelity threatens our emotional security. It shatters the grand ambition of love,” writes author and psychotherapist, Esther Perel.
“Adultery has existed since marriage was invented, and so, too, the taboo against it,” she continues. “In fact, infidelity has a tenacity that marriage can only envy, so much so, that this is the only commandment that is repeated twice in the Bible: once for doing it, and once just for thinking about it. So how do we reconcile what is universally forbidden, yet universally practiced?”
We’re back to the eons-old conflict between our desires and conventions; between Nature and Civilization.
Monogamy is a boon for Omega males. “It is a great democratizing institution,” evolutionary biologist David Barash asserts, “enabling men to have a wife and a chance at a family, the great majority of whom would otherwise be left out. The hypothesis thus goes that Western society (in particular) inculcated monogamy as a trade-off, whereby powerful men essentially agreed to forego polygyny – in which a man has more than one wife – in return for a degree of social peace and harmony. Monogamy is part of our egalitarian ethos.”
The Tenth Commandment does not say “Thou shall not covet another woman.” It is specifically concerned with protecting the rights of one’s neighbor, by keeping gallivanting men away from other men’s wives.” (Barash & Lipton).
Fidelity then, favors “weak” men, property rights, mothers and children. Civilization wins.
In ‘The Myth of Monogamy’, authors Barash and Lipton propose that even if monogamy isn’t necessary for civilization, it is clear that public adherence to monogamous ideals is necessary for success and survival in current Western civilization.
But it still doesn’t fully explain why we cheat (in the broadest sense), nor how, or if, to stop.
So What’s Really Behind Cheating?
In his book, ‘Love in the Western World’, Denis de Rougemont challenges: “If the breakdown of marriage has been simply due to the attractiveness of the forbidden, it still remains to be seen why we hanker for unhappiness, and what notion of love this hankering must hint at.”
“Affairs are an act of betrayal, and they are also an expression of longing and loss. At the heart of an affair, you will often find a longing and a yearning for an emotional connection, for novelty, for freedom, for autonomy, for sexual intensity, a wish to recapture lost parts of ourselves, or an attempt to bring back vitality in the face of loss and tragedy.” (Perel).
Infidelity is not about sex. At least not so for humans. It is more about longing and loss.
In his journey, Theo begins to realize what women long for:
“To be listened to, not simply heard; to be held in the gaze of desire. Not just looked at, or checked out, but seen, as with the halting and eager attention of a blind man. They don’t want our “rent”, as the poet Jane Cooper wrote, but the radiance of our attention. Not a roof, but a field of stars.”
It is the longing of any woman to not have her sensuality become invisible under the stack of dishes or mounds of dirty laundry.
For men, especially after our twenties, I believe it is more about loss – the loss of our magnetic power of seduction. We’ll do almost anything to confirm we still have it, and many will go as far as wrecking their/other marriages or relationships – even their lives – in the process.
But are men losing it as they age, or are they squandering it? Might we not simply be expending all our erotic energy, our Eros, which at root means to love and desire ardently, in feverish pursuit of money, career, fame, and power, having little left when we return home from work?
“Our erotic imagination is an exuberant expression of our aliveness” – Esther Perel
But if we feel dead inside – dull, inauthentic, and devoid of purpose – what passion can we possibly bring to our relationships?
What Turns You On?
For her research, Perel traveled across different countries and cultures, asking one question:
“When do you find yourself most drawn to your partner?”
Across cultures, religions, and genders, there was a striking commonality in the answers:
I am most drawn to my partner when she/he is away, when we are apart, when we reunite, basically, when I get back in touch with my ability to imagine myself with my partner. When my imagination comes back in the picture, and can root that imagination in absence and longing.
When he or she is in his element. When she is doing something she is passionate about. When I see him hold court. When she is radiant and confident.
When I look at my partner from a safe distance – not too close or far – that she/he once again becomes somewhat mysterious, somewhat elusive. Between this space – between me and the other – lies the erotic élan (the vital force or impulse of life). Marcel Proust said that the mystery is not about traveling to new places but looking with new eyes. In this distance, there is no neediness. There is no caretaking in desire. Neediness is a powerful anti-aphrodisiac.
When I am surprised, when we laugh together, when there is novelty, but not novelty in the sense of new positions, or places, but in the new aspects of yourself that you bring out, because sex is not something you do but a place to which you go. It is a space you enter.
Note how there’s no mention of “hot body”, “big-rack”, or “six-pack”.
Lovemaking begins long before consummation. It is sensuous, not just physical, and its sublimity is reached only between two vibrant selves; two lovers meeting in the fullness of their being.
Inviting the Shadow Lover
In ‘Civilization and its Discontents’, Freud said that civilization is built on the repression of the instincts. Barash and Lipton suggest that perhaps, we should adjust our ideals of monogamy to accord with human inclinations. That instead of taking monogamy as the norm, and thus being “shocked” by adultery, we should see infidelity as the baseline condition, whereupon we might be free to examine monogamy, dispassionately, for the rarity that it is.
How do we examine it?
In ‘Mating in Captivity’, Perel challenges us to “Invite the Shadow”. Some couples, she reports, choose not to ignore the lure of the forbidden, they subvert its power by inviting it in. They have chosen to acknowledge the possibility of the third: the recognition that our partner has his or her own sexuality, replete with fantasies and desires that are not necessarily about us. When we validate one another’s freedom within the relationship, we’re less inclined to search for it elsewhere.
I think what she is suggesting, is that we have the courage to share our deepest longings and fears of loss with our partners, before a transgression takes place.
Since Monogamy is not natural, it is not easy, the ‘Myth of Monogamy’ concludes.
“But perhaps it is precisely when – and because – the flesh is weak, that the spirit ought to rise to the occasion.
The crowning glory of Homo Sapiens is its huge brain. This remarkable organ gives us the ability to reflect on our inclinations and decide to act contrary to them [as hard as I know it is].
There may be no way to affirm one’s humanity as effectively as by saying ‘no’.
By establishing a durable, long-term relationship with someone who not only cares, but also shares an expanding history, who understands our strengths, weaknesses, joys, and despairs, the successful monogamist assures himself and herself a companion for life, long after the children (if any) have grown, when work is no longer an option, when even sex may be mostly a memory.”
What’s the alternative? To jump from one bed to another; one lover to the next, sating our body’s hunger, perhaps, but starving our souls.
Leave that to the animals.
“Animals have sex; eroticism is exclusively human. It is sexuality transformed by human imagination.” – Octavio Paz
Author returntothetreePosted on November 4, 2017 February 3, 2019 Categories RelationshipsTags Affairs, Cheating, Infidelity, Masculinity, Monogamy, Relationships, Theo'sjourney5 Comments on Why Is Monogamy So Damn Difficult?
Advice to Young Men: Try Not to Be This Cute
Meet the Axolotl, a Mexican Salamander.
For a while, I have been searching for the most fitting totemic animal for the group of young men swelling the ranks of a movement, loosely referred to as Men Going their Own Way (MGTOW).
The MGTOW is a pseudonymous online community supported by websites and social media presences cautioning men against romantic relationships with women, especially marriage[1]. The community is part of what is more broadly termed the Manosphere, a place, author Stephen Marche describes as one where mostly feral boys wander the digital ruins of exploded masculinity, craving the tiniest crumb of self-confidence and fellow-feeling.
How appropriate to have found MGTOW’s totemic animal in a Mexican swamp.
The Axolotl is a salamander exhibiting the phenomenon known as neoteny, or retention of juvenile features in the adult animal. Ordinarily, amphibians undergo metamorphosis from egg to larva, and finally to adult form. The Axolotl remains in its larval form throughout its life. It never grows up. It is the Peter Pan of amphibians.
I’m fascinated with Nahualli, which is Aztec for “shadow soul” or “animal double”.
If you had been born a Mexica during the time of the Aztec empire, a priest would have attended you on the fourth day of your life. The purpose was for the priest to see, bind, and announce your relationship with your animal double – your Nahualli. It was perhaps, the most important ritual in the life of a Mexica. Traditionally, the Nahualli taught the youth its secrets, skills, and abilities. The bravest and most skilled of the young warriors, for instance, were members of the elite Jaguar and Eagle groups. The Jaguar Knights were the Aztec version of the Japanese ninja – shadow warriors who used stealth and the cover of darkness to hunt and overcome their enemies, much like their namesake, the jaguar. The Eagle Knights operated in daylight hours, attacking with swiftness and sheer ferocity, swooping-in to overwhelm and overcome their enemies, as the eagle conquers its prey.[2]
Let me first declare my biases. I have two daughters, and two sisters. As for the former, no young man will ever meet all my expectations. I recognize this as simply irrational and arrogant…a “father-thing”. For the latter, no man has ever met theirs, or even, I’d venture, their own. I’m talking here about the basics: respect, care, attention, commitment.
I am also ambivalent about traditional marriage, having failed on my first – and “last” try. Like the writer Jack London, I much prefer a “Mate-Woman” than a “Mother-Woman” by my side.
Finally, I resonate with, and share the core tenets of the MGTOW: Self-ownership, Sovereignty, and Self-Definition of what it is to be a man. But from reading many of the comments posted on the movement’s forum, it appears most are missing the point. MGTOW’s principles and ideals are now deafened by the angry burps of thousands of Axolotls.
I know relationships are messy, and fraught with risk. They often crack us open, exposing our vulnerabilities, and require that we constantly bring forth our better selves. And I get it. Sex is now cheap and plentiful, and yes, there is bias against men in family courts…extreme feminism is a major turnoff. Safer then to spend your free time in onanistic bouts between the latest installment of ‘Final Fantasy’ or ‘Tetris’. Or right-swiping Bethany’s photo, who is more than willing to hook-up with you at no cost, and no strings attached.
But here’s the rub. I believe there is a hidden cost, and it comes in the form of your diminished, or deformed nobility as a man (In the Aztec language, the Axolotl is connected to the God of Deformations).
Let me illustrate this cost by paraphrasing an allegory I once heard on a recorded lecture by the evolutionary cosmologist, Brian Swimme:
Imagine a wide, open prairie. A red-tailed hawk circles above, scanning the field in search for his next meal. Natural selection has developed incredible speed in the hawk, and its eyesight is eight times more powerful than the sharpest human eye. A truly magnificent, noble creature! He spots a mouse. Easy lunch, one would think. But the genius of natural selection has caused mice to be extremely agile and elusive. An exciting chase is set to begin.
Now, let’s say we control the levers of nature, and decide to perform our own natural selection experiment by slowing down the mouse a bit and changing its color from camouflage gray-brown, to neon yellow. Naturally, the need for the hawk’s great speed and keen eyesight will concurrently diminish. Let’s drop the mouse’s speed even further so that the hawk no longer needs to fly overhead, but simply give chase to the mouse on solid ground.
What will happen if we continue this experiment for the “benefit” of the hawk; if we slow the mouse’s speed to a bare crawl?
At the end, the once-majestic hawk would probably lose its wings and feathers, be almost blind, and simply lie on the ground waiting for the mouse to crawl into his gaping beak. Of course, the unintended consequences of our experiment, is that the hawk, in its enfeebled state, would itself become easy prey.
What’s the point, and what does it have to do with you, burping Axolotls?
You see, by effortlessly getting what he wants, the hawk enters a path of degradation, where all its beauty and nobility is rendered superfluous. The hawk’s truest desire is for the mouse to live. Deeply embedded in ‘Hawk’ is the desire for the speed and stealth of ‘Mouse’.
Deeply embedded in ‘Woman’ is the desire for your nobility, expressed by your courtship, seductive cunning, romantic ingenuity, erotic imagination, and your gallantry. Whether you realize it or not, deeply embedded in You, is the desire for women’s elusiveness.
Axolotls might be cute, but Hawks are fierce and noble. Let that be your totemic animal instead, and go find yourself a Mate-Woman, just like Suleiman the Magnificent found in Roxelane, despite the many willing ‘Bethanys’ in his harem.
[1] Wikipedia contributors. “Men Going Their Own Way.” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 11 Oct. 2017. Web.
[2] Rainieri, Caelum and Andersen, Ivory. Illustrated by Raphael Montoliu. “The Nahualli Animal Oracle”. Bear and Company, New York, 2003.
Author returntothetreePosted on October 21, 2017 February 3, 2019 Categories MasculinityTags Manosphere, Masculinity, MGTOW, Relationships6 Comments on Advice to Young Men: Try Not to Be This Cute
Where Are the Uncles, the Elders, the Wise Men?
I try not to watch or read news. Haven’t for many years now. I don’t believe there is such a thing anymore, in the proper sense: a factual account of events. The chief currency with which our current media ecosystem traffics is simply outrage. So I decided that if I was to be outraged, or afraid, or indignant, I would do so on my own terms.
I also decided that instead of simply watching the news, I would use my talents to try to change the news.
It’s inescapable, right? The news. Always worming itself into our awareness. It finds us at the supermarket checkout counter, gas pump, or through the unwanted headline flash on our cellphones, like this one:
“TERROR IN LAS VEGAS”
As I read the article, the first thing that came to my mind, was not gun control, or our dysfunctional mental health system (both surely in urgent need of reform) but this African proverb:
“If we don’t initiate the young, they will burn down the village to feel the heat.”
…or mow down sixty people with a hailstorm of bullets, or rape on college campuses, or be complicit in hazing deaths at frathouses.
I immediately intuited that Stephen Paddock, the Vegas mass shooter, grew up without the stable presence of a father, or positive male role models. And I was pretty sure that most of the other recent killings perpetrated by white males with no ideological motive would fit this pattern. I was right.
Some have written about this, but stop short at laying the blame for absent fathers on the dissolution of the “traditional marriage bond” and the concurrent rise of births to single mothers. Let’s do away with no-fault divorce, they clamor, and kids will have fathers again and guns will be silenced. But if young men are opting out of marriage in greater numbers than ever before, just imagine the future trendline if we make it harder and costlier for them to jump ship.
Which brings me to the Mosuo, an ancient tribal community of Tibetan Buddhists living in a lush valley at the far eastern foothills of the Himalayas. A matrilineal society without fathers, without marriage or divorce, and with no words for war, murder, or rape. I have not been able to confirm this, but I’d blindly bet that they have never experienced a mass shooting.
What’s relevant to me about the Mosuo and what happened in Vegas is not their relaxed sexual mores, but the fact that although Mosuo men have no paternal responsibilities, they have considerable responsibility as uncles to their sisters’ children. In fact, along with elderly maternal great-uncles, younger uncles are the pivotal male influence on children.
In traditional societies, initiating boys into full-fledged men through rites of passage is the purview of the men of the tribe – particularly the elders – and not just the father. I argue that fathers cannot be sole mentors to their sons because of their subjective, vested interests. Even if they could, we generally don’t listen to our parents. The best piece of advice I ever got from a man, was at age thirty, and came from my father. When I told him I was working sixteen-hour days building up my businesses, he warned:
“Unless your mind can purge itself of sixteen hours of material preoccupations (which probably even extend into your sleep) all your creative visions, or visionary creations will come to naught in the objective plane. Additionally, sooner or later, your mind will snap and you won’t be 30 going on 40, but 35 going straight into the abyss.”
He undershot his prediction by one year. I was 36 when I went straight into the abyss.
Indigenous people know that when young men don’t transform into men, catastrophe results: outwardly against the Other, or inwardly, in depression, addiction or suicide. When a youth is denied initiation, his nobility dies. – Barry Spector
Absent meaningful and transformative initiation rituals, young men in America are basically herded towards one of three troughs:
For the well off: into competitive consumers.
For those in the middle: the army or the Union.
At the lower rung: the gangs.
None of which makes room for the wider community, Nature, the Feminine, or any other concerns of the ideal, mature masculine.
The dangerous vacuum created by these incomplete initiations, calls for the positive influence of other men: uncles, great-uncles, mentors, grandfathers, godfathers, neighbors, and friends, which can make all the difference in a young boy’s life.
If you are one of them, consider mentoring a teenage boy, or play a more active and influential role in the life of a nephew or grandchild.
Keep in mind what Frederick Douglass once wrote:
“It is easier to build strong children than to repair broken men.”
You might just prevent a tragedy like Vegas.
If, on the other hand, you are a young man entering adulthood, and feel lost or disoriented, seek guidance from the older men in your orbit whom you trust and respect, Or find a mentor – your personal Yoda, Obi Wan, Dumbledore, Gandalf. Or drop me a line. Perhaps I can help.
Join my mailing list.
Follow The Hero in You
Author returntothetreePosted on October 6, 2017 February 9, 2019 Categories Male InitiationTags MasculinityLeave a comment on Where Are the Uncles, the Elders, the Wise Men?
On my journey across the Four Saros
Tales from a Flying Fish Blog at WordPress.com.
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Educational Tours & Graduation Trips » Theme Tours » 2-Day Twain Hannibal Adventure
2-Day Twain Hannibal Adventure
Day 1 You'll See:
Cameron Cave
Jim Waddell - Mark Twain Impersonator
Sawyer's Creek Family Fun Park & Restaurant
Mark Twain Boyhood Home & Museum
Mark Twain Himself
Mark Twain Clopper
Hannibal Trolley Company Sightseeing Tours
Tom Sawyer Diorama
You’ve enjoyed his colorful writings, and shared and discussed them with your students; why not give life to the words that have delighted countless readers the world over with a trip to Mark Twain’s Hannibal in beautiful Northeast Missouri? You’ll visit his boyhood home and experience the neighborhood he grew up in - rich in regional charm - exploring relevant historic highlights by horse drawn carriage and open air trolley. You’ll journey deep into the ancient caves that held special fascination for a young Twain , delight to a world-class performance by the best Samuel Clemens impersonator in the business, while away a lazy afternoon at Sawyer’s Creek Family Fun Park on the Mighty Mississippi – and more!
The Mark Twain Cave
Earliest documentation claims this cave was first discovered in the winter of 1819-1820 when Jack Simms and his dog were out hunting and chased a panther into a small opening on the side of a hill. Since it was late in the day, he blocked the entrance and went home, then returned with his brother and torches the next – and was amazed at what they found! You and your young spelunkers will have an opportunity to re-discover all the natural wonder, beauty and history that this cave - written about in five of Twain’s works - has to offer. Mark Twain tells us: “I got lost in there myself with a lady and our candle was knocked out by a bat...we were in there for 3 days and 2 nights.” You may not get lost while exploring this popular Show Me State attraction, but your imaginations can’t help but run wild as you descend into the very same dark, damp and mysterious recesses of the Earth plundered by a young and adventurous Twain!
Next up: another Mark Twain Country cavern adventure, this time in Missouri's newest show cave, first discovered on a cold, wintery day in 1925 by Arch Cameron, whose family opened the Mark Twain Cave. While tending cattle on his property, he saw steam swirling from the ground, then noticed a sinkhole, and started digging away at the hot ledge. Further exploration revealed a cave much larger and incredibly more complex than Mark Twain Cave – and it’s awaiting your students’ amazed “ooohs and ahhhs!” *This cave is accessible to guests Memorial Day through Labor Day, or with special reservations.
Jim Waddell – Mark Twain Impersonator
Hold onto your hats! Cave Hollow Theatre presents celebrated wordsmith and entertainer Jim Wadell, artfully weaving the yarns so familiar to Mark Twain readers from some of the country’s most treasured literature. Waddell’s authenticity is praised by Twain scholars around the world, and you and your students will catch a live performance at Mark Twain Cave's Cave Hollow Complex. Twain was world-renowned for his stage routines, and Wadell, with 30 years of experience - brings his characters and stories roaring to life with amazing ease!
Sawyer’s Creek Family Fun Park & Restaurant
This popular family fun destination nestled on the scenic banks of the Mighty Mississippi directly across from the Mark Twain Cave and Campground tenders student groups a perfect afternoon’s entertainment. Whether you’re an avid mini-golfer, a pinball wizard, a bumper-boat Master Mariner, Lord of the Lasers or really just want to feed the ducks and fish, Sawyer’s Creek is the place to be. The Sweet Shop serves up a delightful selection of homemade candies, fudge, freshly-popped popcorn specialties and hand-dipped ice cream treats along with a tasty menu of lunchtime favorites, and the Gift Shop is well-stocked with an array of colorful Hannibal-themed souvenirs! Grab a snack and head for the shady tables in the peaceful garden-on-the-water setting or watch the riverboats and wildlife over lunch or dinner at the Riverview Café, where every table boasts unsurpassed views of the Mississippi!
Mark Twain Boyhood Home and Museum
Rise and shine! Day Two in Mark Twain’s Hannibal begins with a visit to the place where the beloved author and brilliant stage presence grew up for a fascinating, fun and informative morning tour of eight historic structures, including the landmark Boyhood Home of Samuel Langhorne Clemens – aka, Mark Twain.
Mark Twain Himself (Based on Availability)
Talented actor Richard Garey whisks audiences at Hannibal's Planters Barn Theater back more than 100 years to Mark Twain’s heyday with his nationally acclaimed “Mark Twain Himself” performance. Chockfull of Twain wit and wisdom and packed with rollicking comedy suitable for the entire family, this “Samuel Clemens” extravaganza features stories, insights, and “Twainisms” on topics ranging from politics to education, and will have you chuckling with Tom Sawyer and experiencing the world through the eyes of Huckleberry Finn as if they were seated right beside you!
All aboard! You and your students will step back in time on Glen Yoder’s popular twenty minute narrated horse-drawn tour that gets you out and around historic Hannibal’s charmingly reawakened downtown. Mr. Yoder’s delightful sight-seeing jaunt has been a favorite of Mark Twain aficionados’ for more than 20 years!
You and your students are pulling out all the stops today! This next river town adventure is a wonderfully narrated 14-mile tour of Mark Twain’s Historic Hannibal aboard an open-air trolley. Passengers are afforded the opportunity to step off and explore each attraction at their leisure before resuming this popular and entertaining tour of the author’s stomping grounds.
Once inside the tidy North Main Street historic storefront that started life as a candy store you and your students will discover an amazing collection of sixteen hand-carved miniature scenes by renowned diorama artist Art Sieving illustrating the life and times of Mark Twain’s Tom Sawyer. The series of colorful dioramas – truly a treat for all ages - tenders an excellent cross-section of life in Hannibal in the 1840's and shares quarters with a full-service yarn and gift shop.
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You are here: Home / Blog / Isreal Leads The World in Asthma Advances
Isreal Leads The World in Asthma Advances
Millions of asthma sufferers can breathe a bit easier thanks to research and products coming out of Israel. ISRAEL21c brings the top 10 advances in the field.
May 1 marks the annual World Asthma Day. In keeping with this year’s theme, “You Can Control Your Asthma,” ISRAEL21c presents the top 10 Israeli innovations making that goal more attainable for the approximately 250 million to 300 million people suffering from the inflammatory lung condition.
Asthma is the world’s most common chronic disease among children. In the United States alone, 13 million school days are missed each year due to asthma, and asthma accounts for about 10.1 million missed work days for adults every year.
Here are just some of the ways Israeli ingenuity is helping to prevent asthma and simplify diagnosis, monitoring and treatment.
1. Deep Breeze
Or-Akiva-based Deep Breeze has revolutionized how asthmaand other chronic lung conditions are monitored in the hospital and at home. It records acoustic lung vibrations through external radiation-free sensors, then converts the vibrations into images and quantitative data.
Deep Breeze is used at hospitals in the United States and more than a dozen other countries for non-invasively triaging, diagnosing and managing patients rapidly and accurately.
The new Breeze@home works on the same principle, only it’s smaller and cheaper. Sensors inside a custom-tailored vest collect lung-function data and transmit it via an incorporated smart phone or tablet computer to the patient’s healthcare provider. Once on the market, this advancedwireless telemedicine monitoring system will allow many people to be monitored continuously without the need for hospitalization.
2. Personal Wheezometer
If a child wakes up wheezing from an asthma attack, how can parents and physicians judge if it’s mild enough to be handled at home or serious enough to warrant an emergency room visit?
Quantifying the severity of asthma is easier thanks to KarmelSonix, an international medical device company with R&D, engineering, quality assurance and clinical support staff in Haifa.
The company makes a portable Personal Wheezometer for spot checks at home and the physician’s office; the WHolter wheezing and cough recorder, which monitors and stores breathing data for eight to 24 hours to detect exercise-induced or nocturnal asthma; and PulmoTrack, in use at US hospitals to monitor small children, the elderly and acute asthmatics.
3. A greener inhaler
In 2006, Israel’s Teva Pharmaceuticals introduced the ProAir HFA Inhalation Aerosol — an environmentally friendly device for delivering inhaled asthma medication. The previous year, the FDA had announced a ban on inhalers containing ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbon (CFC).
Teva then partnered with the American Lung Association to help some 20 million asthma patients transition to the new inhaler. It offered a patient assistance program, complete with a toll-free helpline, to teach consumers how to obtain, use and clean the new inhalers, as well as teaching them the differences between the old and new products.
4. Salt therapy
Asthma can be relieved by salt therapy, a natural remedy for respiratory and sinus problems dating back to salt caves in Middle Ages Greece. Inhaling microscopic particles of sodium chloride-rich rock salt dries up and disinfects mucous membranes in the sinuses and lungs.
Israeli expert Baruch Bekker opened the first Israeli salt room in Haifa in 2000, followed in 2009 by Breathewell clinics in Modi’in and at the Jerusalem BioPark at Hadassah University Medical Center. The Jerusalem sitewas the first such facility in the world with both speleotherapy and halotherapy rooms. The former is constructed with large blocks of salt that naturally emit salt particles into the air; the latter features salt-coated walls and a salt generator that crushes the salt and blows the particles into the air.
Additional Breathewell clinics have since opened in Israel, and the entrepreneurs behind the initiative have been introducing the concept to theNew York area, where it’s not nearly as well known as in European and Asian countries. Israel remains one of the only countries in the world where salt therapy is covered by national health insurance plans.
5. AirBase
There is a clear connection between air quality and asthma, but monitoring air pollution has been an expensive proposition — until an Israeli company’s novel, low-cost device came along to provide real-time information on air quality anywhere.
AirBase Systems co-founder Irad Kuhnreich had asthma as a child and also has two kids with the condition. A graduate of the Technion, he decided in 2009 to tackle the problem using the latest nanotechnology to fashion tiny, highly sensitive sensors.
The small plug-and-play CanarIT models (one for indoors, one for outdoors) use patented algorithms to identify pollution patterns and rate the threat, wirelessly transmitting graphic reports delivered to computer or handheld device. It also suggests simple, smart ways to reduce exposure to air pollution, such as closing windows on particularly smoggy days.
6. Contact-free respiration monitor
Three of the four founders of Ramat Gan-based EarlySense have children who suffer from asthma. They saw the need for a smart contact-free respiratory monitoring system to help parents and doctors identify deterioration in their children’s condition and prevent or minimize an attack before it happens.
The first EarlySense system went on sale in the United States in 2008, and it appeals not only to parents but also healthcare professionals in clinics, nursing homes and hospitals. The monitor slips under the mattress and automatically measures the patient’s breathing and heart rate.
7. Antibody against asthma
In 2007, Hebrew University pharmacology PhD candidate Ido Bachelet – now a senior lecturer at Bar-Ilan University – worked with research colleague Ariel Munitz to designed a small antibody fragment that can target the cause of asthma and allergies rather than merely the symptoms as current medications do.
Still under development with the expectation of proceeding to clinical trials, the antibody works on the receptor protein on the surface of mast cells, the cells responsible for asthmatic and allergic reactions such as stuffy nose and airway constriction.
In animal studies, this antibody eliminated four different types of allergic diseases. In addition, when severely asthmatic mice received the antibody in nose drops, their health was restored in less than two months.
8. Citrus oils
According to a 2004 Technion study, a key to preventing asthma might be found in a lemon. Inhaling limonene, the main component found in the essential oil of citrus, prevented asthma symptoms in animals that inhaled it. The findings were published in the journal Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry.
Lead researcher Prof. Ehud Keinan studied the connection between ozone and asthma and other lung disorders, concluding that the higher incidence of asthma in urban areas has to do with the absence of natural “ozone scavengers” produced by plants. Ozone can cause inflammation of the lung’s membranes, and limonene is a particularly effective ozone scavenger. In rats with induced asthma-like symptoms, limonene inhalation prevented asthmatic symptoms and worked as an anti-inflammatory.
9. Germ-slaying ozone
Ozone on lung membranes is a bad thing. But ozone in water is a good thing because no pathogen can survive it. That’s the concept behind Greeneng Solutions, an Israeli company that manufactures ozone-based cleaning systems to purify water in restaurants, hotels and hospitals without chlorine or ammonia.
What does that have to do with asthma? Studies have shown that swimming in chlorinated pools may trigger asthma and other respiratory problems from chlorimines, harmful chemicals formed by chlorine coming in contact with organic substances. Greeneng’s upcoming Ozopool product would largely replace chlorine as a swimming pool disinfectant. It’s expected to be approved shortly by the Israeli Ministry of Health.
10. Third-hand smoke
Everyone knows that “second-hand” smoke breathed by people in the same area as smokers is a serious health hazard. Scientists from Haifa’s Technion-Israel Institute of Technology discovered that even “third-hand” smoke – the invisible remnants of cigarette smoke on household surfaces — increases the risk of asthma and other respiratory problems in non-smokers.
Dr. Yael Dubowski and her colleagues reported in the journal Environmental Science & Technology that nicotine interacts with the ozone in indoor air to form potentially toxic pollutants on furniture, carpeting and food. The scientists said that the risk for babies crawling on carpets, and for people napping on tainted sofas, is especially concerning.
Filed Under: Blog Tagged With: asthma, isreal, medical
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Home Current-Affairs-Daily-Basis DEC18-Current-Affairs 28 December 2018 - Daily Current Affairs
IBTSINDIA.COM - Sunday, December 30, 2018 Current-Affairs-Daily-Basis, DEC18-Current-Affairs,
1. Divya Patidar Joshi Crowned Mrs. India 2018 Title
Divya Patidar Joshi of Madhya Pradesh was crowned with the prestigious India 2018 Title.
The Mrs. India My Identity Beauty Pageant 2018 finale was held in Delhi on 25th Dec 2018.
Divya won the crown of Mrs India this year from among 24 promising contestants.
She won all the rounds of Beauty with Brain contest along with Best Cat Walk title.
Now, in the year 2019, she would be representing for Mrs. Universe title.
Source: News Nation
2. Central Railways introduces technology to eliminate manual examination of trains
The mechanical branch of Central Railways' Nagpur division has introduced a new state-of-the-art technology called Automated Train Examination System (ATES) for the enhancement of train safety.
The system, developed by Konkan Railway Corporation Limited, eliminates manual examination of trains and measures axle box temperature, wheel disc temperature and records the under-gear of rolling stock of running trains through infrared and other cameras.
ATES also checks every train passing through the track on which it is installed and immediately warns about hot axle and brake binding cases.
Source: Business standard
3. Govt bans Khalistan Liberation Force
The government has banned Khalistan Liberation Force (KLF) for its involvement in several killings, bombings, and other terror activities during its violent campaign for "secession of Punjab".
The decision to ban the outfit under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) comes in the backdrop of agencies unearthing several KLF modules in recent months which has led to apprehensions that it is attempting to revive militancy in the state.
The Khalistan Liberation Force and all its manifestations have been declared outlawed under the under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA), a Home Ministry order said on Wednesday, adding it will be the 40th organization to be prescribed under this law.
According to officials, during the height of militancy in Punjab in the 1980s and 1990s, the group was involved in a series of unlawful activities.
The KLF came into existence in 1986 with the objective of establishing an independent Khalistan by the secession of Punjab from India "through violent means
Source: The Economic Times
4. Triple Talaq Bill passed in Lok Sabha
The Lok Sabha on 27th Dec 2018 passed The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Bill, 2018, after a heated debate.
Before the start of the voting, Congress and AIADMK staged a walkout from the House opposing certain provisions of the bill that makes instant triple talaq or talaq-e-biddat a criminal offense, with a jail term of up to three years with a fine.
The Bill will replace the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Ordinance-2018.
245 members voted in favor while 11 voted against the bill.
Bill will now be sent to Rajya Sabha for debate.
Passage of the bill in the upper house would not be easy for the government as it needs 123 votes and the Opposition including Congress, BJD, AIADMK, SP have already rejected the bill in the lower House.
NDA parties have around 80 seats in Rajya Sabha.
If passed by Rajya Sabha, the proposed law would be applicable to the entire country, except in Jammu and Kashmir.
5. Virudhunagar district is Tamil Nadu most improvement district: Niti Aayog
Niti Aayog CEO Amitabh Kant released the Second Delta Ranking of the Aspirational Districts Programme.
The ranking details the incremental progress achieved by the districts during June to October this year across six key development sectors.
List of most improvement district are as follow:
Virudhunagar district in Tamil Nadu topped the list of the most improvement district.
Nuapada district in Odisha ranked second.
Siddarthnagar in Uttar Pradesh ranked third.
Bihar's Aurangabad ranked fourth.
Koraput in Odisha ranked fifth in the list of the most improvement district.
Note: These districts have championed the development narrative in fundamental parameters of social progress.
Least improvement district -
On the other side; Nagaland's Kiphire district, Jharkhand's Giridih, Chatra in Jharkhand, Hailakandi in Assam, and Pakur in Jharkhand have shown least improvement.
The districts have been ranked in a transparent basis on parameters across various performance indicators like Health and Nutrition, Education, Skill Development and Basic Infrastructure among others.
The rankings are based on the data that is publicly available through the Champions of Change Dashboard, which includes data entered on a real-time basis at the district level.
The Aspirational District Programme was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in January this year with the aim to rapidly transform the districts that have shown relatively lesser progress in key social areas.
Source: DD News
6. Madhya Pradesh: Kuno notified as a national park
Madhya Pradesh forest department notify Kuno as a ‘national park’.
The state government has declared Kuno National Park with the inclusion of an area spread along 404.0758 sq.km in addition to the earlier notified area of 344.686 sq km making a total of 748.7618 sq km area.
The move is expected to pave way for translocation of lions from Gir in Gujarat to Kuno.
The MP forest department had promised to complete all formal processes of declaring Kuno as a ‘national park’ by the end of February 2019.
Source: The Times of India
7. The 26th National Childres's Science Congress inaugurated in Odisha
The 26th National Childres's Science Congress has been inaugurated by the Chief Minister Shri Naveen Patnaik in Bhubaneswar.
Inaugurating the Congress session, Shri Patnaik has said that the progress of science is essential for the National growth and healthy Nation.
Odisha government is organizing various programmes for the development of scientific temper among students.
8. Dwijing Festival begins in Assam
In Assam, the third Dwijing Festival has begun on the bank of Aye river at Chirang district.
Around 15 lakh tourists are expected to participate in the festival.
Assam PHE minister Rihon Daimary inaugurated the festival in presence of several dignitaries.
Participants from Thailand, Bhutan and Bangladesh are also taken part in the festival.
9. Prof Hamidi Kashmiri passes away
Hamidi Kashmiri, the tallest literary figure in the world of Urdu language, literature, and literary criticism passed away.
He was a prolific creative writer, an acclaimed critic and propounder of “Iktishaafi Tanqueed” (इक्तिशाफ़ी तनक़ीद).
His demise has created a void difficult to fill, especially in the subcontinent.
He has also been the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Kashmir for years during the most difficult times of militant unrest.
Science & Defense
10. Russia ‘successfully’ tests hypersonic missile
According to Russian President Vladimir Putin, Russia has become the first country to complete the development of hypersonic weapons.
The Intercontinental, nuclear-capable hypersonic missile system will enter service in Russia’s military next year, President Vladimir Putin added.
The weapon, dubbed “Avangard,” successfully hit a target 6,000 kilometers from launch, according to a separate statement from the Kremlin.
The Avangard is invulnerable to intercept by any existing and prospective missile-defense means of the potential adversary.
Source: The Hindu
Current-Affairs-Daily-Basis, DEC18-Current-Affairs
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WATCH: Woman pulls gun during fight at Chick-fil-A drive-thru
Raisa Habersham, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
What’s usually a friendly drive-thru experience at a southeast Atlanta Chick-fil-A turned violent Wednesday when four women in two separate cars fought each other and one pulled a gun, according to police.
Video of the fight, obtained by Channel 2 Action News, shows the women out of their cars throwing blows and pulling hair. It included one of them, Vonshay Redding, pulling a gun and putting it to another women’s forehead. The gun was never fired.
Vonshay Redding
Photo: Fulton County Sheriff's Office
About 9:15 a.m., Atlanta police were called to the restaurant on Bill Kennedy Way, where witnesses told them the women got into a fight and left the scene.
Flabbergasted by what she saw, customer Honey Shaw pulled out her cellphone and filmed it.
“It was really jarring,” Shaw told Channel 2. “It just kind of shocked me. It was close in front of me.”
Shaw said a Chick-fil-A employee passing out receipts backed away from the drive-thru when he saw the fight.
Police found the women six minutes later on Eloise Court with lacerations.
Why the women were fighting is unclear, but Redding, 24, told police she’d been involved in an ongoing dispute with one of the other women. Police did not specify the source of the dispute.
Authorities also found a gun matching the description of the one pulled in Redding’s car. She was arrested on an aggravated assault charge.
Join the discussion at the AJC’s Crime & Safety Facebook group
Know what’s really going on with crime and public safety in your metro Atlanta community, including breaking news, trial coverage, trends and the latest on unsolved cases. Sign up for the AJC’s crime and safety newsletter delivered weekly to your inbox
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UCI boss faces criminal probe
Cycling head Pat McQuaid and former boss Hein Verbruggen accused of defamation and involvement in Armstrong scandal.
Fri Nov 02 2012 14:37:03 GMT+0000
Former Tour rider and journalist Paul Kimmage has accused McQuaid, pictured above, and Verbruggen of alleged defamation and fraud in protecting Lance Armstrong during the doping years [AFP]
An Irish journalist has filed a criminal complaint against International Cycling Union leaders Pat McQuaid and Hein Verbruggen, accusing them of protecting Lance Armstrong while he won seven Tour de France titles.
Paul Kimmage, a former Tour rider and vocal anti-doping campaigner, alleges defamation and fraud in the case filed in Switzerland.
Kimmage's Swiss lawyer, Cedric Aguet, told The Associated Press on Friday that a 28-page file was submitted to the local prosecutor's office in Vevey, near UCI headquarters.
The lawyer said prosecutors could decide "within two weeks'' to open criminal proceedings.
‘Massive fraud’
"We are talking here about a possible massive fraud,'' Aguet said in a telephone interview.
"If one or both are considered as responsible for assisting Mr. Lance Armstrong it would be several years in prison. The maximum penalty is five years.''
The UCI recently agreed to strip Armstrong of his seven Tour de France titles and ban him for life, following a report from the US Anti-Doping Agency that accused him of leading a massive doping program on his teams.
The USADA report included sworn witness testimony that Armstrong said the governing body helped cover up his positive or suspicious doping tests at the 1999 Tour de France and 2001 Tour of Switzerland.
McQuaid, the current UCI president, and Verbruggen, his predecessor, deny the allegations. Last week, the UCI ordered an independent commission to examine its conduct in the Armstrong case. The panel's report is due by next June.
‘Strong suspicions’
Kimmage's complaint says there are "strong suspicions'' that the UCI and its leaders, either directly or indirectly, helped Armstrong earn "significant sums of money in and out of competition while he was doped.''
Armstrong faces demands to repay almost $4 million in Tour prize money alone from his 1999-2005 victory run.
"All that took place in Switzerland, within the premises of the UCI in Aigle. This is why we consider the criminal authorities in Vevey'' have jurisdiction, Aguet said.
Kimmage's complaint was filed six days after McQuaid and Verbruggen suspended their defamation suit against him, stemming from an interview he conducted with Floyd Landis, a former Armstrong teammate and key USADA witness.
Landis said UCI leaders acted corruptly and protected star riders from scrutiny.
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BOOKS, FILMS, TV, RADIO, BOOK COVERS and ARTICLES
2018 - 100 Treasures of Bangor University: The HALL OF ILLUSION mural is featured in a selection of the top 100 artworks and artefacts from the extraordinary collection of the University of Wales, Bangor.
2017-18 - For Walls with Tongues, British National Library. A recorded history of Edward Povey’s art and career. This project is sponsored by the Heritage Lottery Fund and includes mural artists active in the mid to late 20th Century in creating public murals and details the tremendous impact mural artists had on the art world during this period. This is a permanent addition to the British National Library archives and will also be exhibited in 2019 at the Whitechapel Gallery, London. For over a century the Whitechapel Gallery has premiered world-class artists from modern masters such as Pablo Picasso, Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko and Frida Kahlo to contemporaries such as Sophie Calle, Paul Noble, Thomas Struth, Sarah Lucas and Mark Wallinger.
2016 - I.E.E.E. - the largest organization of engineers in the world, published their charter for ethics in artificial intelligence, using Povey and Schultz paintings as illustrations. I.E.E.E. also advise the White House and the United Nations on the growing concerns around the ethics of Artificial Intelligence.
2016 - Y Golwg Magazine, Wales: Interview
2015 - A Line Of Inquiry: Video Interview
2014 - Documentary: Edward Povey Speaking Frankly About His Art
2013 - The BBC: Your Paintings – Povey’s publicly owned works in the UK’s national collection.
2012 - Garmon Press (UK): Povey works in Oil Paintings in Public Ownership.
2011 - Museum of Modern Art, Wales monograph dedicated entirely to: Edward Povey – his life and career. Commentaries from Anthony Jones: former Chancellor of the School of Art of the Institute of Chicago. Essays from the former Director of the Welsh National Theatre, and the Head of BBC Wales 2000-2006. ISBN:9780578097008
2010 - Author Katie Lench, book: Caernarfon – Povey mural discussed. The Horizon Press: ISBN-10: 1843065053
2009 - Author Iosifidis Kiriakos: Mural Art Volume Two – Murals on Huge Public Surfaces Around the World: section on Povey murals. ISBN:9783939566274
2008 - North Wales Chronicle newspaper: Povey’s Caernarfon Mural attracts 2.5 million pound bid. British Composer Jordan M. Leach: The Hall of Illusion Symphony: Seven part orchestral symphony dedicated to Edward Povey and his Hall of Illusion mural.
2007 - Book: At Home With The Joneses, published by the Wales International Center, New York. The contributions of Edward Povey, Catherine Zeta- Jones, Sir Tom Jones, Katherine Jenkins, Sir Anthony Hopkins.
2007 - BBC News: Multiple articles: Christie’s, Sotheby’s and Interpol involved in stolen Povey paintings.
2007 - S4C Television, Britain: O4 Wal, Article.
2005 - The Times Newspaper, London: Article.
2004 - Architectural Digest: December edition. Collection of Povey works: Photo article.
2002 - The Western Mail, British newspaper: Povey, An Explorer of Senses by Karen Price, arts and media correspondent.
2001 - In Style Magazine: May 2001: Will Wonders Never Cease, by Sean Mitchell. Eric McCormack (lead actor of the U.S. Will and Grace sitcom) with his Povey art.
2000 - Antiques Trade Gazette: Article.
1999 - Who’s Who In Art: Biographies of leading men and women in the world of art in Britain. 28th Edition. The Times Newspaper, London: Article. BBC Radio Wales – Skidmore in Conversation: Interview. 1998 BBC Radio 4 – You and Yours Arts Program: Interview. HTV Television News: Article. BBC-based archive filming. Director, Pete Telfer.
1997 - Book: Author J. Gwynn Williams: The University of Wales 1893-1993, University of Wales Press. Discussing Povey’s Hall of Illusion mural. Book: Author Alan Torjussen: Teaching Art In Wales, ISBN:0708313485.
1996 - HTV Television, Britain: Artifacts Program. Documentary. BBC Radio: Gwynfryn in Gwynedd: Documentary.
1994 - HTV Television, Britain: The Stand and Stare Program. Interviewer – Jan Peterson.
1993 - Public lecture by historian Maurice Cooke, University of Wales: Povey’s murals. BBC London, Radio Four: Kaleidoscope culture program: Interview. The Times Newspaper, London: Photo article.
1992 - HTV Television, Wales: Article. BBC Television: Article.
1990 - The Artist’s and Illustrator’s Magazine, Britain: December issue. Profile. Book: Author: G H Moody, In Limbo - The Barriers to Spiritual Awareness ISBN: B001YYQ5PK. Illustrations.
1987 - Art News Magazine, Britain: Article. Book: Author Ian Skidmore: Gwynedd, Published by Robert Hale, London. Discusses Povey’s career. ISBN:978-0709026389.
1986 - HTV Television, Britain: Documentary. New York Times First Section: Sunday April 6th. Photo article by Dith Pran (of The Killing Fields movie - 1984), highlighting Povey’s appearance at Art Expo 1986. BBC Television: Interview by Sir Hugh Casson KCVO, RA, RDI, former president of the Royal Academy of Art, London.
1982 - Book: Author Marzieh Gail: Other People, Other Places, ISBN:0853981221. Dust jacket painting by Edward Povey. Book: Author Hywel Harries: Wales on Canvas, ISBN:0862433568 Povey chapter, 1975 to 1981.
1979 - HTV Television, Britain: Muriau Segontium, directed by Gareth Owen, and produced by Gwyn Erfyl. Documentary about Povey. Book: Authors Graham Cooper and Douglas Sargent: Painting The Town, ISBN:0714819794. Published by Phaidon Press, London. Povey’s murals.
1975 - Extensive TV, Radio and Newspaper coverage in Britain.POVEY | SCHULTZ
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Bridging the Gap Names Animation Lab II Projects
Cartoon Network Greenlights ‘The Fungies!’, ‘Craig’ S3 & ‘Victor and Valentino’ S2
Cartoon Network’s ‘Infinity Train’ Debarks with August 5 Premiere
The second Bridging the Gap – Animation Lab organizers have announced the 13 projects from across the world that will participate in this year’s event, to be held July 18-23 in Valencia, Spain. The aim of the lab is to strengthen and promote international animation projects and facilitate the creation of international partnerships and networks.
This year’s baker’s dozen are: Feature films The Other Shape by Diego Felipe (Colombia), Wings by Tim Argall (Lithuania), Faery by Angcoy Crisologo (Philippines), ALMI by Tewodros Kifle (Ethiopia) and Elsewhere by Ward Saleh (France/Syria); and TV series: Jail by Catalina Vasquez (Colombia), Chakay – Crossing the Bridge by Daniel Jacome (Ecuador), Dinosaurs in the Sky by Amanda Richardson (U.K./Brazil), My Name Is Peligro by Juan Valbuena (Venezuela/Panama), Raffi by Santiago O’Ryan & Ricardo Villavicencio (Chile), Berks by Javier de la Chica (Spain), Villains Campus by David Colomer (Spain) and The Wind-ups by Irene Chica (Spain).
BTG scholarship recipients were Chakay, The Other Shape, Faery, ALMI and Jail. Elsewhere received the Institut Francais Espagne scholarship for Best French Project. Dinosaurs in the Sky received the Creative UK Network – British Council scholarship. The Wind-ups was awarded the 3D Wire scholarship for Best Spanish Project. And school scholarship were given to Villains Campus (Barreira Arte + Diseno) and Berks (U-tad).
The participants will have the opportunity to pitch their projects to decision makers and professionals from broadcasters like Cartoon Network, RTVE and Movistar+. Confirmed industry experts for the second BTG are Eric Goossens (director, Walking the Dog), Charlotte De La Gournerie (producer, The Reward) and Silly Walks studio. Returning participants are Nicolas Schmerkin (director, Logorama), Guillermo Garcia Carsi (creator, Pocoyo), Shamik Majumdar (creative director, Walt Disney Europe), Manuel Cristobal (producer, Wrinkles), Guadalupe Arensburg (Head of Short Films Acquisitions, Movistar+) and Paco Rodriguez, executive producer of seven animated features.
Animation Lab is organized by Bridging the Gap, an initiative promoted by animation professionals, under the Program ACERCA for Training Development in the Cultural Sector of the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation for Development, in collaboration with the International and Ibero-American Administration and Public Policy.
Related Topics:ALMI, Amanda Richardson, Angcoy Crisologo, Berks, Bridging the Gap, Cartoon Network, Catalina Vasquez, Chakay - Crossing the Bridge, Charlotte De La Gournerie, Daniel Jacome, David Colomer, Diego Felipe, Dinosaurs in the Sky, Elsewhere, Eric Goossens, Faery, Guillermo Garcia Carsi, Irene Chica, Jail, Javier de la Chica, Juan Valbueno, Logorama, Manuel Cristobal, Movistar+, My Name is Peligro, Nicolas Schmerkin, Paco Rodriguez, Pocoyo, Raffi, Ricardo Villavivencio, RTVE, Santiago O'Ryan, Shamik Majumdar, Silly Walks The Reward, Tewodros Kifle, The Other Shape, The Wind-ups, Tim Argall, Villains Campus, Walt Disney Europe, Ward Saleh, Wings, Wrinkles
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‘SuperMansion’ Takes Flight on Adult Swim Jan. 1
Adult Swim’s ‘FLCL: Progressive’ Scoots to DVD Oct. 1
AX: Netflix Reveals Exciting Anime Series Slate in LA
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Adult Swim will be ringing in the new year with its latest animated acquisition: the stop-motion comedy series SuperMansion, created by Stoopid Buddy Stoodios (Robot Chicken) and distributed by Sony Pictures Television. Season one will make its AS debut January 1 at midnight ET/PT.
The series features the voices of Bryan Cranston, Zeb Wells and Keegan-Michael Key, with hilarious guest stars including Seth Green, Chris Pine, Nick Kroll, Ron Perlman, Jim Parsons, and others. SuperMansion is created and executive produced by Matthew Senreich and Zeb Wells, with Bryan Cranston, Seth Green, John Harvatine, Eric Towner and James Degus executive producing.
Titanium Rex (voiced by Bryan Cranston) is an aging superhero who has long been the head of the League of Freedom, a once-proud assembly of super heroes that isn’t what it used to be. The irascible Titanium Rex finds himself playing mentor to a new crop of Millennial-aged heroes who have little interest in their noble profession. Much to Titanium Rex’s chagrin, they’re all thrown together to live in the SuperMansion, where the young heroes learn how to harness their superpowers and fight for justice, liberty… and the need to stay relevant to society.
SuperMansion
Related Topics:Adult Swim, AS, Bryan Cranston, Chris Pine, Eric Towner, James Degus, Jim Parsons, John Harvatine, Keegan-Michael Key, Matthew Senreich, Nick Kroll, Robot Chicken, Ron Perlman, Seth Green, Sony Pictures Television, Stoopid Buddy Stoodios, SuperMansion, Zeb Wells
The Comedy Network Greenlights Toon Reboot of ‘Corner Gas’
‘Rock Dog’ Gets Tail-Wagging New Trailer
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Lindsey Wilson’s Phil Kleckler named 2018 AFCA NAIA Assistant Coach of the Year
By All Kentucky Sports
Photo Credit: Lindsey Wilson Athletics
COLUMBIA, Ky. — Lindsey Wilson football defensive coordinator Phil Kleckler has been named the 2018 American Football Coaches Association NAIA Assistant Coach of the Year, AFCA officials announced on Tuesday.
Klecker was selected as the NAIA’s top assistant coach from a pool of three finalists. The AFCA Assistant Coach of the Year Committee selects one assistant coach from each division — the Football Bowl Subdivision, Football Championship Subdivision, NCAA Division II and Division III and the NAIA — for the annual honor.
“I am humbled and honored to have been chosen by the AFCA for the Assistant Coach of the Year award for the NAIA,” Kleckler said. “I am grateful to represent Lindsey Wilson College and its athletics department.”
Klecker just completed his second season as the Blue Raiders’ defensive coordinator and 12th year overall in collegiate coaching. He led the Lindsey Wilson defense to a top-10 ranking in the NAIA in pass defense. The Blue Raiders ranked 13th in the NAIA in scoring defense, surrendering just 18.1 points per game. Lindsey Wilson held its opponent to 15 or fewer points seven times during the season.
Lindsey Wilson finished the 2018 season with 23 takeaways to help the Blue Raiders finish with a +10 in turnover margin — which is third best in the Mid-South Conference.
Lindsey Wilson finished this season with a 7-3 record.
“Phil Kleckler and his family have been a great fit for our football program since they joined us two years ago,” Lindsey Wilson head football coach Chris Oliver said. “Coach Kleckler works diligently to help our young men develop on and off the field, and he fully embraces that coaching is about more than just the results on gameday.
“He continues to do an excellent job leading our defense while serving our program very well in his role as our staff community outreach coordinator,” Oliver added. “I am thrilled that Coach Kleckler has been selected by the AFCA for this prestigious award. He is an excellent choice for this honor.”
In addition to his on-the-field duties, Kleckler oversees the program’s “Be The Match” Bone Marrow registry drive, participation in school’s annual “Malvina Farkle Day,” participates in “Read Across Adair County” and spearheads the program’s spring game food drive.
Prior to coming to Lindsey Wilson, Kleckler served on the Northern Athletics Collegiate Conference’s Division III Assistant Coaches Committee for three years. He is a 12-year member of the AFCA and has attended the AFCA Convention every year since 2009.
“This achievement would not have been possible without the support of Coach Oliver as well as the hard work of the other coaches and our student-athletes,” Kleckler said. “Thank you to coach Oliver, President Bill Luckey, and Athletics Director Willis Pooler for their continued support. And, thank you to the AFCA for this incredible honor.”
Klecker is the second Lindsey Wilson assistant coach to receive the honor. Mike Gutelius earned the honor in 2015. Lindsey Wilson is one of 15 institutions to have two all-time recipients of the honor.
The Assistant Coach of the Year award was first presented in 1997 and was created to honor assistant coaches who excel in community service, commitment to the student-athlete, on-field coaching success and AFCA professional organization involvement.
Related Items:AKS, lindsey wilson football, phil kleckler
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All posts tagged "upike basketball"
UPIKE men’s basketball “Heritage Classic” series begins Friday
PIKEVILLE, Ky. — For the first time this season, UPIKE men’s basketball is returning to its original home in UPIKE Gym. The...
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UPIKE Men’s Basketball Keeps No. 1 Spot in NAIA Top-25 Poll
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UPIKE’s Christian Leach Earns First MSC Men’s Basketball Weekly Honor
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UPIKE’s Macari Brooks Makes Watch List for Bevo Francis Award
PIKEVILLE, Ky. — University of Pikeville senior men’s basketball player Macari Brooks was named to the 2015-16 Bevo Francis Award Watch List,...
UPIKE No. 1 in NAIA Top 25
PIKEVILLE, Ky. — After dropping to No. 2 in the second rankings of the season, the University of Pikeville men’s basketball team...
No. 2 UPIKE Slips By Cumberland
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No. 2 UPIKE Scorches Nets in Rout of No. 15 Lindsey Wilson
PIKEVILLE, Ky. — Led by a game-high 20 points from K.K. Simmons, the second-ranked University of Pikeville men’s basketball team returned to...
UPIKE Men’s Basketball Returns to No. 1 Spot in NAIA Top-25 Poll
PIKEVILLE, Ky. — For the first time since Jan. 14, 2013, the University of Pikeville men’s basketball team is back in the...
No. 2 UPIKE Men’s Basketball Overpowers Ohio-Eastern 113-45
PIKEVILLE, Ky. — Michael Lewis and Uzonna Akazi delivered a pair of double-doubles off the bench to lead the second-ranked University of...
Brooks, Chapman Push UPIKE Men’s Basketball Past Central Penn 118-84
PIKEVILLE, Ky. — Colt Chapman hauled in a career-best 15 rebounds and Macari Brooks put together an efficient 22 points to lead...
UPIKE Men’s Basketball Opens against Central Penn Monday
PIKEVILLE, Ky. — It’s not a trick, more of a treat, as the University of Pikeville men’s basketball team gets an early...
UPIKE Men’s Basketball Leads the Pack in MSC Coaches’ Poll
PIKEVILLE, Ky. — For the second straight season, the University of Pikeville men’s basketball team was picked to win the Mid-South Conference...
UPIKE Basketball Season Tickets on Sale at East Ky. Expo Center
PIKEVILLE, Ky. — Basketball season is just three weeks away, but you can go ahead and reserve your seats for University of...
Former UPIKE Standout Kenny Manigault Signs Pro Contract
LAS VEGAS — The AmeriLeague and former University of Pikeville men’s basketball standout Kenny Manigault have agreed to terms of a contract...
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In Health & Wellbeing
Cancer: Reducing Potential Risks from Cell Phone
The World Health Organization listed cell phones as one of the possible causes of brain cancer because of its high emission of radiation. This has raised much concern as cell phones have become very important to our daily activities.
One of the sure ways to avoid the potential risk of cancer caused by cell phones is to reduce exposure to radiation. This can be done by employing the following steps:
Get a low-radiation phone: Low radiation phones are safer to use because they emit less radiation. When buying a phone, EMF-Health.comrecommends that you consider the phone’s SAR (specific absorption rate), a way of measuring the radiation absorbed by the body. It’s usually listed in the phone’s instruction manual.
Keep the phone away from your ear when you can: Wait for your calls to connect before bringing the phone to your ear, that way you reduce the amount of radiation absorbed by your body. And when you talk, tilt the phone away from your ear and bring it in close when you’re listening. Radiation levels are less when a cell phone is receiving signals compared to when it is transmitting.
Use a headset: Radiation produced by headsets is less than that produced by cell phones. The Environmental Working Group (EWG) advises that cell phones be kept away from your head. The farther away you are from a source of radiation, the less damage it can do.
Avoid making calls with poor connection: Do not continue a call if you are struggling to maintain a connection or if you are in an area where the network is poor. Instead, end the call and wait till you are able to secure a better connection because the fewer the signal bars the harder your phone has to work to connect thereby releasing more radiation.
Text more often: While texting your cell phone emits less radiation because it uses less energy compared to calls says the EWG. Texting also keeps the radiation source farther away from your brain.
Make sure your kids use the landline: Kids are the most vulnerable to potential radiation dangers. Children’s brains absorb twice as much cell phone radiation as adults. Instead of allowing your kid use cell phones which have become very common, protect them from the dangers of cell phone radiation by making them use the landline.
Now That She is faced with Stress
Not a Game of Numbers
FIFA President Seeks Assurances for Women-Spectators ahead of 2022 World Cup in Iran
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Children's toy Library / LAN Architecture
00:00 - 28 January, 2009
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Bonneuil-sur-Marne, France
Bonneuil sur Marne local authority
US $1,120,000
Project Year
Text description provided by the architects. The Bonneuil-sur-Marne children's toy library is a public building as well as a play space for children. The project creates an opposition between monumentality and the need for a warm, friendly environment within the same building.
It is located in an area where 1960s social housing has had a strong physical and social impact. The exterior and interior spaces are designed to respect the dual nature of the building. The monolithic shell-like elevations are closely linked to the surrounding urban context. We wanted to create a strong urban symbol able to stand out from its environment, whose shell would protect its core and participate in the regeneration of Bonneuil-sur-Marne's social structures.
The design of the Bonneuil-sur-Marne children's toy library resulted from an approach that aimed to simultaneously resolve a number of problems and develop new ideas:
- New use for an existing building
- Design of a children's play area
- Creation of a small-scale public facility in a socially unstable area occupied by large housing complexes
- The difficulties of a very restricted budget (initially, the programme simply called for a new interior layout)
We decided to design a building that had no sense of scale and which would appear timeless, a dense solid mass, an urban symbol standing out from its environment, a shell able to protect its contents.
The result is a volume that seems to have always existed and whose bunker-like appearance is reminiscent of a vernacular construction.
A new skin for an old body
Our strategy was inspired by a medical logic of intervention. The creation of an additional freestanding skin allowed us to control the interfaces between exterior spaces, building and interior spaces, as well as meet the need to provide generous volumes.
The new elevations covering the existing building are adapted to the building's changed use and provide for the incorporation of a new main entrance, an open courtyard on ground floor level and additional surface areas for administrative functions. This solution maintained the existing in-situ cast green-tinted concrete shell.
The decision was taken to create a hermetic separation between the exterior and the open and colourful interior spaces. Children play in a sort of cocoon, rich in light variations, that rises up over the two levels; a simple, functional and comfortable scale and volume fully adapted to the needs of its users.
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Location to be used only as a reference. It could indicate city/country but not exact address.
Projects Built Projects Selected Projects Cultural Architecture Library Refurbishment Adaptive reuse DabasMuseums and LibrariesEducationalBonneuil-Sur-Marne3D ModelingBonneuil-sur-MarneFrance
Cite: "Children's toy Library / LAN Architecture" 28 Jan 2009. ArchDaily. Accessed . <https://www.archdaily.com/12734/childrens-toy-library-lan-architecture/> ISSN 0719-8884
想阅读文章的中文版本吗?
儿童玩具图书馆 / LAN Architecture
翻译成中文 现有为你所在地区特制的网站？想浏览ArchDaily中国吗? Take me there »
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PM's Literary Awards
Winners and shortlist
My Two Blankets
Shortlist year:
Shortlist category:
Little Hare Books (Hardie Grant Egmont)
Cartwheel has arrived in a new country, and feels the loss of all she's ever known.
She creates a safe place for herself under an 'old blanket' made out of memories and thoughts of home. As time goes on, Cartwheel begins to weave a new blanket, one of friendship and a renewed sense of belonging.
It is different from the old blanket, but it is eventually just as warm and familiar.
Irena Kobald
Irena Kobald was born in an Austrian mountain village.
She always wanted to see the big, wide world and loves travelling.
As an adult she has lived in several different countries, including the former USSR, and has always been fascinated by different languages, cultures, religions and people.
Kobald has made Australia home for more than half her life, but considers herself equally at home in both Australia and Austria.
She currently lives in the desert regions of the Northern Territory of Australia where she works as a teacher of Indigenous students.
Freya Blackwood
Freya Blackwood was born in Edinburgh and grew up in Orange in New South Wales, Australia.
Blackwood's illustrations for Two Summers won the Crichton Award in 2004 and the book was shortlisted for the Picture Book of the Year Award in the Children's Book Council of Australia 2004 awards.
Emily Rapunzel's Hair was shortlisted in the Early Childhood section of the Children's Book Council of Australia 2006 awards.
Having spent many years living in Wellington, New Zealand Blackwood now lives in Orange with her little girl Ivy.
Judges’ comments
In My Two Blankets we see the migrant's challenges eloquently explored in words and pictures for a new generation.
Irena Kobald's text balances the quotidian and the poetic and creates a space for illustrator Freya Blackwood to portray Cartwheel's nascent life. The 'two blankets' of the title are blankets made of words. Cartwheel's story is one of making a new language and there is simple truth and authenticity at the heart of My Two Blankets.
As Cartwheel struggles in isolation, her loneliness is eased by meeting another girl and a tentative friendship begins.
There is a wonderful visual rhythm to Blackwood's pictures as Cartwheel's new world begins to emerge Blackwood has an extraordinary ability to express the eloquent silence that surrounds Cartwheel and the book communicate emotions beyond language.
My Two Blankets is an intensely child-centred book, where the larger issues are measured in intimate, human scale.
Back to winners and shortlist
PM's Literary Awards home
More books from the 2015 Children's literature shortlist
My Dad is a Bear
Withering-by-Sea
One Minute's Silence
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Liquid Cooling Products
How Liquid Cooling Works
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About Asetek
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Asetek Announces Significant Victory in Intellectual Property Lawsuit
Tweet Thursday, December 18, 2014
Asetek announced today that on Wednesday, December 17, 2014, a jury in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California unanimously ruled in favour of Asetek on all claims in its patent infringement suit against CMI USA, Inc. (“CMI,” formerly known as Cooler Master USA, Inc.).
The jury determined that, since 2012, CMI has been infringing Asetek’s U.S. Patent No. 8,240,362. After trial began, CMI stipulated to infringement of Asetek’s U.S Patent No. 8,245,764. The jury awarded Asetek damages of $404,941 (a royalty of 14.5%) based on CMI’s infringing sales since 2012. The trial judge is expected to soon set a hearing on Asetek’s request for an injunction against CMI.
“Although it is frustrating to have spent significant time and resources in a courtroom, it is rewarding to be vindicated in this way," said André Sloth Eriksen, Founder and CEO of Asetek. “We appreciate the value of competition, but it must be done on equal terms. We will not accept anyone blatantly copying the patented solutions that we have worked so hard to bring into the market”. He continues; “Seen in the perspective of our future growth plans, especially in the data center segment, we cannot underestimate the significance of a solid portfolio of patents.”
Asetek continues to litigate other patent infringement cases against CoolIT Systems and AVC (Asia Vital Components), which involve the same two Asetek patents as the CMI case. Asetek also continues to monitor the market for other infringement issues.
Asetek is the world leading provider of energy efficient liquid cooling systems for data centers, servers, workstations, gaming and high performance PCs. Its products are used for reducing power and greenhouse emissions, lowering acoustic noise, and achieving maximum performance by leading OEMs and channel partners around the globe.
Asetek’s products are based upon its patented all-in-one liquid cooling technology with more than 2 million liquid cooling units deployed in the field. Founded in 2000, Asetek is headquartered in Denmark with offices in California, China and Taiwan. For more information, visit http://www.asetek.com.
Andre S. Eriksen, Chief Executive Officer
Mobile: +45 2125 7076, e-mail: ceo@asetek.com
Get in touch if you want to know more
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7 arrested for tying woman to pole over non-payment of loan in Karnataka
India, Crime
The matter came to the fore after a video of the incident went viral.
In the video, a woman is seen tied up to a pole and some men are standing around her. (Photo: ANI)
Bengaluru: Seven people have been arrested in connection with a case where a woman was allegedly tied to a pole in Kodigehalli for not repaying a loan, police said on Thursday.
In the video, a woman is seen tied up to a pole and some men are standing around her. People can be heard saying "beat her with slippers and brooms".
The 36-year-old woman, Rajamani, hails from Kollegal in Chamarajanagar district runs a small hotel here and a chit fund business. She owed Rs 50,000 to some people who were allegedly forced her to return the money.
Amit Shah to head ministerial panel on Air India sale, Gadkari gets dropped: report
Haven't received any letter from PC Chacko: Sheila Dikshit
Pakistani agents like Pannun bringing disgrace to Sikh community: AIATF chief Bitta
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Donald Trump Jokes
The 21 Best Donald Trump Jokes Yet
Michael Hogan
This article was originally published by AskMen UK.
As the Republican presidential frontrunner’s bigoted bandwagon rolls on, here’s how comedians on both sides of the Atlantic are responding to the rise of Donald Trump. Spoiler: mainly with hair gags and hilarious rants…
"How would Trump travel as president? Obviously, he’d use Hair Force One."
- David Letterman
“Republicans are blaming President Obama for creating Donald Trump. While others say he was created in a lab when a young real estate developer was bitten by a radioactive douchebag.”
“Donald Trump has all the charm of a turd that won’t flush. Look what he said about his own daughter – that if he wasn’t Ivanka’s dad, he’d probably be dating her. Bleurgh. And when he’s not trying to bone his kids, he keeps banging on about building a wall to keep Mexicans out. He said, ‘If you think walls don’t work, all you have to do is ask Israel.’ Yeah, because it’s really peaceful over there. Walls work? Not if you ask Palestinians, you hamster-haired bellend.”
"Trump is kind of like the movie Snakes On A Plane. Sure, the idea is entertaining. But an actual snake on your plane would be terrifying. That's what's happening now. The plane is American democracy. And the snake is Trump."
“Donald Trump looks like a plughole in an orangutan sanctuary. His hair looks like a slovenly post-coital cat. He’s probably only running for president because this dimension doesn’t have a Superman he can give a hard time to.”
"Donald Trump is America’s back mole. It may have seemed harmless a year ago, but now that it’s become frighteningly bigger, it’s no longer wise to ignore it."
“Trump is unstoppable. He's like Godzilla with less foreign policy experience."
“Donald Trump really has egg on his face now. Which pairs nicely with the hash browns on the top of his head."
“A reporter claims she was pushed over by one of Donald Trump’s campaign advisors. Isn’t that crazy? Donald Trump has a campaign advisor.”
"Donald Trump went on a rant about how horrible socialism is. But you know what, isn’t Trump’s hair socialism? It's the richer hair covering the poorer hair for the good of the head. Here's the thing about Trump: he never apologises. He’s never wrong, no matter what crazy thing he says. He's the white Kanye.”
"On Monday, former heavyweight champ Mike Tyson endorsed Donald Trump. Tyson joins Trump's biggest group of supporters: people who have been hit in the head a lot."
“A Donald Trump rally was delayed for nearly two hours yesterday due to fog. At one point the fog was so thick, Trump supporters couldn’t even see who they were punching.”
“Please stop it with voting for Trump. It was funny for a little while. But the guy is Hitler. Do you think Germans in the 30s saw that shit coming? Hitler was just some hilarious and refreshing dude with a weird combover who would say anything at all.”
Barry Shitpeas: “Americans like Trump because he’s got loads of money, which is sort of their version of being clever. He’s all over the news, even though he looks weird. Like a guinea pig staring at you through the porthole on a washing machine.”
Philomena Cunk: “There’s this amazing stuff on his head. It’s not hair. It’s like a furry gas. Like he was born with a squirrel’s tail and has brushed it over his head to pass among humans.”
Charlie Brooker’s Weekly Wipe
"If Donald Trump wins, my guess is America will look a lot like it did in Back To The Future Part II, when Biff was in charge."
"If Donald Trump loves America so much, why does he keep outsourcing the job of his wife?"
“It would probably be better to ignore Trump. If, at a polite drinks do, a man starts noisily doing a shit in the corner of the room, the dignified response is to avert your gaze. But it takes so much self-restraint. Our inner child wants to stare and cry out: “What’s that man doing? He’s so weird! Eurgh, I can’t stop looking at him!” That’s how I feel about Donald. I can’t take my eyes off him. I’m guiltily drawn to pictures of him, as if he’s boobs.”
"Donald Trump showed his birth certificate to reporters. Who cares about his birth certificate? I want to know if that thing on his head has had its vaccinations.”
“Donald Trump is not a rich man – he's what a hobo imagines a rich man to be. It's like Trump was walking under an underpass and heard a guy say, ‘Oh, as soon as my number comes in, I'm going to put up tall buildings with my name on them. I'll have fine golden hair. And a TV show where I fire Gene Simmons with my children.’ And Trump was like, ‘That is how I will live my life.’ When he makes a decision he must think to himself, ‘What would a cartoon rich person do? Right, run for President.’”
"At a rally in Las Vegas last night, Donald Trump told supporters he'd like to punch protesters in the face. Though he looks more like the kind of guy who would stroke a white cat while somebody else punched you in the face."
“When Trump says stuff, it doesn’t have to be practical or even true. Because he’s a liar. He’s a liar, he’s a racist and he’s a friend of Piers Morgan’s.”
Trending News: Arizona Lawmaker Wants to Fund Trump’s Wall With Porn
Trending News: Stormy Daniels Folded Laundry in Her Undies During Trump’s Speech
Morning Minute: Trump Bans Trans People From Military Service
Morning Minute: John McCain Has Cancer + O.J. Might Make Parole
Morning Minute: iPhone 8 Rumors Confirmed + Bieber's Major Milestone
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Home > News Center > News Center - Rackley Insurance Agency Acquires Thompson Insurance
Rackley Insurance Agency Acquires Thompson Insurance
Steve Rackley and Mike Thompson jointly announced the sale of Thompson Insurance to Rackley Insurance Agency.
by Bainswest, Inc.
Steve Rackley and Mike Thompson jointly announced the sale of Thompson Insurance in Mountain Home, AR to Rackley Insurance Agency of Gainesville, MO. The transaction closed in January 2011. At the January Board and Shareholders meetings of Bainswest, the transaction was approved and Rackley was extended membership into Bainswest.
“We are thrilled to welcome Steve Rackley as a new member of Bainswest. We’re really pleased that we have been able to add a professional insurance agency as the Rackley Insurance Agency to our team,” said Mike Loftis, Bainswest’s president. “Steve Rackley’s involvement in the insurance industry and his community, as well as the quality of his operation made this an ideal fit for both of us.”
Thompson and partner Max Freeman will remain involved with the agency.
Rackley Insurance dates back to 1914, and was acquired by the Rackley family in 1964. The agency has been a part of the Gainesville area business community for 97 years. Steve Rackley is involved in the Missouri Independent Agents Association, Missouri School Boards Association, Ozark County and Gainesville community organizations and local church and school activities.
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File Your Copyright In 5 Days (Fast Away)
(Copyright your Web site, Videos, Songs, Photographs, Logo,Books and Software)
As a registered attorney & law firm we are the best option for copyrights registration. Get your job done in a professional way and that too in best prices. Call us now to get the best services. Currently we are serving 6000+ valuable clients globally and have been successful in retaining them due to our professional approach & our team, which always remain committed towards their responsibilities. We are a registered attorney & law firm & a best option for you if you are looking for copyrights registration or related services.
We also do Copyright Litigation and Infringement Cases
Call Us @ +91-9211 404 600, +91-9911 404 600
What is a copyright?
Copyright is a form of intellectual property protection granted under the Indian Copyright Act 1957, to the creators of original works of authorship such as literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works The copyright vests in original work in whatever form it may be and in India it is not mandatory but useful in courts where civil and/or criminal proceedings can be taken to protect it.
Copyright owners have the exclusive rights to do or authorise the doing of any of the following in respect of a work :
To reproduce the work in any material form including the storing of it in any medium by electronic means
To issue copies of the work to the public not being copies already in publication
To perform the work in public, or communicate it to the public
To make any translation or adaptation of the
To make any translation or adaptation of the workTo sell or give on hire, or offer for sale or hire a copy (in case of a computer programme), regardless of whether such copy has been sold or given on hire on earlier occasions.
Copyright confers a number of rights, some or all of which can be granted to others either exclusively or non-exclusively
Is it compulsory for me to register my work with Copyright Office to get copyright protection?
It is not necessary under the Indian Copyright Act to register with the Copyright Office to get copyright protection. Registration of the work is however highly recommended because such registration is helpful in an infringement suit. As per the Copyright Act, the register of copyrights (where the details of the work are entered on registration) is prima facie evidence of the particulars entered therein. The documents purporting to be copies of any entries therein, or extracts from the register which are certified by the Registrar of copyrights and with the seal of the copyright office, are admissible as evidence in all courts without proof or production of the original. India is a member of both Berne and Universal Conventions and Indian law extends protection to all copyrighted works originating from any of the convention countries. However, in case of infringement of copyright, during court proceedings, copyright registration with the government of India serves as an advantage.
Diary Number
Procedure For Copyright Registration
Complete Copyright application form
You need to fill out a simple copyright form which will gather all the required information & will help us while filing your registration.
Drafting Copyright Application
According to your need, our expert will prepare your copyright application. We will co-ordinate with you for all the copyright documents.
Filing of Copyright Application
As soon as your documents and application are processed properly, our executive will submit your copyright application with the department.
Examation of copyright Application / Objection / Scrutiny
The registrar will issue a Dairy No. and then there is a mandatory waiting time for a period of 30 days for any objections to be receive
Objection / Scrutiny
If there are no objections received within 30 days, the scrutinizer will check the application for any discrepancy and if no discrepancy is there, the registration will be done and an extract will be sent to the registrar for the entry in the Register of Copyright.
Reply of Objection / Scrutiny
If any objection is received, the examiner will send a letter to both the parties about the objections and will give them both a hearing.
Why Copyright Registration
Legal Protection Intangible Asset Various Legal Rights
What is Copyright Registration ?
A trademark is any unique expression related to a product or service that distinguishes it from others. A trademark can be a visual symbol, which may be a word, a name, a device, label or numerals used by a business to distinguish it from other goods of different business.
It is your silent salesman, your legal umbrella, your asset to flaunt. Owners of trademarks have exclusive rights to use trademark under the categories they are registered in (there is a total of 45 categories, called classes). Only Trademarks that are registered under the Trademark Act, 1999 provides the trademark owner right to sue for damages when infringements of trademarks occur.
What All Things Are Protected Under A Copyright?
It basically protects the expression of ideas (e.g. words & illustrations), alone it cannot be protected. The following may be protected under copyright law :
Literary works (e.g., written books, computer programs, website)
Dramatic works (e.g., scripts for films and dramas)
Musical works (e.g., melodies)
Artistic works (e.g., paintings, photographs)
Recorded Sounds
Movies, Films and telefilms
Broadcasts on Radio and Television
These Products Are Not Eligible For Protection
Under The Indian Designs Act. 2000
You may want to use or incorporate someone else's work into your own. While the works of others may be protected by copyright, there are a class of works that fall outside the scope of copyright law. The following categories of work are not eligible for copyright protection, regardless of when they were created and whether or not they bear a copyright notice.
Books calendars certificates forms-and other documents dressmaking patterns greeting cards, leaflets maps and plan cards postcards, stamps, medals Labels tokens cards cartoons Any principle or mode of construction of an article. Mere mechanical contrivance Buildings and structures Parts of articles not manufactured and sold separately. Variations commonly used in the trade. Mere workshop alterations of components of an assembly. Mere change in size of article. Flags, emblems or signs of any country. Layout designs of integrated circuits.
Advantages Of Copyright Registration
Legal evidence
This is the biggest and most significant benefit of getting a copyright registration done. With a copyright in place, your work is legally denoted to be yours. This keeps it safe. And if anyone infringes or tries to replicate your design, idea or product, you can cite the registered copyright in a legal argument. This will automatically and swiftly tip the scales in your favour. Without a copyright, you may find it difficult to contest such an issue. However, with a copyright registered beforehand, such issues can be sorted easily.
Next, we have another significant advantage of copyright registration. When you copyright your work, it is documented in your name. Not only does this protect your work, it also gives you the ownership and spreads your name more freely in the public domain. This gives you a face and credibility to your design or idea. It also prevents others from taking ownership and wrongfully claiming they invented or manufactured that particular body of work. No one can claim to have not known about your ownership and used the work as their own. This can go a long way in protecting your reputation in your field of work, which in turn can translate into monetary as well as honorary profits.
Seeking damages
Not only is plagiarism a threat to the economic health of your business, it is also a treat to your status and standing. So, if due to any unfortunate event you do end up in a copyright infringement tangle, you can seek damages from the perpetrators. However, this can only happen if the copyright is correctly registered in your name. Without that, you won’t have a base to build your case upon. So, take stock of any future mishap that may happen and register your copyright without any further delay.
You may have a few years in your hand to register the copyright, but it makes sense for you to take advantage of an early registration. This is important because if you procrastinate, someone else may swoop in and register something similar in their name. And then you will have no right over your original design, idea or product, even though you are the rightful owner of it. It is very simple to carry out a copyright registration in your name. The process can be completed online in a short span of time. So, do not wait for an eventuality to strike, because then it may be too late to go back and restore the prospects of your organisation.
Helps you stand out in the crowd
At every step of life, there is tremendous competition. You may find yourself lost in a crowd of competitors when you start a business of your own. However, a copyright registration may come in handy at such a time. By copyrighting even a small item, you will make it inaccessible to your competitors. This will make you stand out in the crowd and give an instant push to your profits. Do not forget this very useful advantage of copyright registration when you start your own business.
Getting your copyright registered is an absolutely essential thing to do. This small task of copyright registration opens up a whole lot of advantages to you. From keeping your ideas safe to bringing in more economic profits, you can indeed get a lot out of it. If you have still not gotten your copyrights registered, do so right away!
The Requirements For Filing The Copyright Application In India
1. Full Name, Address and Nationality of Applicant & that of the author The year & country of first publication of the work
2. List of countries where the work has been published and the year of publication
3. The year & the country of last publication
4. Six copies of the work Power of Attorney
5. In case of labels, which can be used as trademark, firstly clear copyright search certificate has to be received from the trademark registry & only thereafter, application for copyright can be filed in the copyright office
1. What is Copyright?
Copyright is basically a legal right which has been provided to the creators of literature, dramatics, musical and artistic work and even the producer’s films and sound recordings. Sometimes even businesses and startups get copyright registration related to instruction manuals, product literature and user guides. Usually, copyright is possessed by a creator of the work, but sometimes even the employer of its creator or the person who has authorised the work can own the copyright.
2. How long does copyright last?
All works published in the United States before 1923 are in the public domain. Works published after 1922, but before 1978 are protected for 95 years from the date of publication. If the work was created, but not published, before 1978, the copyright lasts for the life of the author plus 70 years.
3. Is it necessary to register a work to claim copyright?
Copyright protection exists from the moment the work is created (fixed in a tangible medium). However, registration provides important benefits, such as proof of ownership. In addition, copyright owners who have registered their copyright have additional remedies if their copyright is infringed.
4. Why should I register my copyright?
Since copyright protection is automatic from the moment a work is created, registration is not required in order to protect your work. You must file an application for registration before you can sue someone for infringing your copyright, even if the infringement has already occurred.
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2 sewage spills send 8,500 gallons into Deep Creek Lake
OAKLAND, Md. (AP) — Two separate spills sent about 8,500 gallons of raw sewage into Deep Creek Lake in far western Maryland, Garrett County officials said Monday.
A spill occurred Sunday morning about two miles southwest of McHenry, County Administrator Kevin Null said in a statement. A leaking service line spilled about 2,500 gallons into a ditch, causing it to flow into an adjacent stream and into the lake, the statement said.
Another spill estimated at 6,000 gallons occurred Friday in the McHenry area, the county government said. Heavy rain washed out a culvert pipe under Glendale Road, causing a break in a 6-inch sewer line, the statement said.
Notices urging people to avoid the water have been posted, Null said, and the water quality is being monitored.
Most Read • Environment
Scientists give Chesapeake Bay its highest environmental grade since 1992
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Railway to the Grave
By: Edward Marston
Narrated by: Sam Dastor
Series: Detective Inspector Robert Colbeck, Book 7
The Excursion Train
Railway Detective, Book 2
On the shocking discovery of a passenger's body on the Great Western Railway excursion train, Detective Inspector Robert Colbeck and his assistant, Sergeant Victor Leeming, are dispatched to the scene. Faced with what initially appears to be a motiveless murder, Colbeck is intrigued by the murder weapon - a noose. When it emerges that the victim had worked as a public executioner, Colbeck realises that this must be intrinsically linked to the killer's choice of weapon.
White Bones
Kate Maguire Book 1 (Unabridged)
By: Graham Masterton
Narrated by: Caroline Lennon
On an isolated farm in southern Ireland, a decades-old grave houses the dismembered bones of 11 women. Detective Superintendent Katie Maguire of the Irish Gardai is used to bloodshed, but these white bones speak of unimaginable butchery. Not far away, a young American tourist is at the mercy of a sadistic killer. His tools are a boning knife, twine, and a doll fashioned from rags, nails, and fish-hooks. The murder of his victims is secondary only to his pleasure at their pain.
By Shirley on 14-04-2017
Gunner Girls and Fighter Boys
By: Mary Gibson
Narrated by: Anne Dover
As London goes up in flames during the Blitz, two sisters from Bermondsey find their lives changed out of all recognition.... When a bombing raid destroys nearly everything she holds dear, May joins the ATS and becomes a gunner girl. Peggy, May's elder sister, is trapped in a stifling marriage, yet amid the chaos of war, a route to freedom beckons. From war will come hardship and tragedy as well as new, unexpected friendships and love affairs.
Another great read
A Bespoke Murder
Narrated by: Gordon Griffin
May 1915. With thousands of Britons fighting in the trenches, a severely depleted police force remains behind to keep the Home Front safe. Scotland Yard is already overstretched when the sinking of the Lusitania sparks an unprecedented wave of anti-German riots and arson attacks. Among the victims is the immigrant tailor Jacob Stein, found dead in his burnt-out shop.
The Detective's Daughter
By: Lesley Thomson
Narrated by: Anna Bentinck
Summer, 1981: The body of Kate Rokesmith is found by the River Thames in London. Her four-year-old son is wandering nearby, traumatised and mute. Detective Inspector Darnell cancels yet another trip he had promised his daughter Stella and heads for the scene of the crime. The murder is never solved. Winter, 2011: It's another busy day at the Clean Slate office. Owner and head cleaner Stella Darnell is annoyed to have her routine interrupted by the news that her father has died of a heart attack.
By lisa on 18-08-2015
By: Ian Townsend
Narrated by: David Tredinnick
It's hard to imagine this story as being part of our past, but in 1942, an 11-year-old Australian boy, Richard Manson, and his parents either side of him were shot by the Japanese for suspected spying in Rabaul in Papua New Guinea. Acclaimed Fourth Estate author and award-winning science journalist Ian Townsend has uncovered a fascinating story of World War Two, little known to most Australians.
Shadow of the Hangman
It's 1815. Peter and Paul Skillen, identical twins and fearless thief catchers, stalk all who dare to walk in the shadow of the hangman. When they catch a notorious burglar, they claim a handsome reward and infuriate the Bow Street Runners, who believe they have a monopoly on policing in the capital. Home Secretary Viscount Sidmouth faces a crisis.
The Cornish Coast Murder
By: John Bude
Narrated by: Ben Allen
The reverend Dodd, vicar of the quiet Cornish village of Boscawen, spends his evenings reading detective stories by the fireside - but heaven forbid that the shadow of any real crime should ever fall across his seaside parish. But the vicar's peace is shattered one stormy night when Julius Tregarthan, an ill-tempered magistrate, is found at his house in Boscawen with a bullet through his head. The local police inspector is baffled by the lack of clues.
Great book. in the spirit of Agatha Christie.
By Gregory Chijoff on 28-03-2019
The Last Airship
Sam Reilly, Book 1
By: Christopher Cartwright
Narrated by: David Gilmore
In 1939, a secret airship departed Nazi Germany in the dark of night filled with some of the most influential people of its time. Its cargo: a complement of rich Jewish families carrying their most valuable possessions. One such item among them was as dangerous as it was priceless. The airship never reached its destination. In 2015, Sam Reilly, a marine biologist and wealthy son of shipping mogul James Reilly, discovers a missing clue about the lost airship, and what follows is a violent treasure hunt.
Not my usual thing but it wouldn't let me go.
Dark Echoes of the Past
By: Ramón Díaz Eterovic, Patrick Blaine - translator
Narrated by: Malcolm Hillgartner
Private investigator Heredia spends his days reading detective novels; commiserating with his cat, Simenon; and peering out over the Mapocho River from his Santiago apartment. The city he loves may be changing, but Heredia can't stop chasing the ghosts of the past. This time, they've come to him...
By: Matt Johnson
Narrated by: Leighton Pugh
Robert Finlay is looking forward to returning to uniform policing and a less stressful life. But fate has other plans. Finlay's traumatic past is about to return to haunt him. A policeman is killed by a bomb blast, and a second is gunned down; both were former army colleagues from Finlay's own SAS regiment. And so begins a game of cat and mouse, a wicked game in which Finlay is in embroiled in a fight against a determined and unidentified enemy.
Roy and Castells, Book 1
By: Johanna Gustawsson
Narrated by: Patricia Rodriguez, Mark Meadows
Falkenberg, Sweden. The mutilated body of talented young jewellery designer, Linnea Blix, is found in a snow-swept marina. Hampstead Heath, London. The body of a young boy is discovered with similar wounds to Linnea's. Buchenwald Concentration Camp, 1944. In the midst of the hell of the Holocaust, Erich Hebner will do anything to see himself as a human again. Are the two murders the work of a serial killer, and how are they connected to shocking events at Buchenwald?
Yorkshire 1855. When Colonel Aubrey Tarleton walks into the path of a speeding train, he is crushed to death on the track. The famous Railway Detective, Inspector Robert Colbeck, is immediately put on the case to determine why such a well-respected man would have resorted to suicide. Tarleton's wife had recently gone missing, but was the colonel responsible for her disappearance? It's up to Colbeck and his trusty sergeant Victor Leeming to uncover the truth.
©2010 Edward Marston (P)2014 Audible, Inc.
Points of Danger
The Circus Train Conspiracy
The Unseen Hand
A House for Mr. Biswas
Finally- Leeming escapes without a concussion!
After suffering 5 concussions in 5 books, Victor Leeming gets through this one without a scratch. The author was stuck on that element and I was really tired of it. Poor Victor must be relieved too!
On the edge of my seat all the way through. loved it. very good. very
Mrs. S. Hill
have read book - book is definitely better!
its definitely great having books on my phone to listen to.
reading too slow plot drawn out
tighter plot , quicker speaking
Would you be willing to try another book from Edward Marston? Why or why not?
no-- this is my third attempt failed within Gordon Griffen reading
What didn’t you like about Sam Dastor’s performance?
tried hard with slow plot much better that mr griffen
You didn’t love this book--but did it have any redeeming qualities?
interesting historical background re railways
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Čepička heads from Kia to another Asian brand
15.November 2016
Kia Motor Czech announced the changes in the top management floors last week. Its director Vlastimil Čepička resigned from his position on November 4, 2016. Where he goes?
Kia Motors Czech director resigned
7.November 2016
Surprising personnel changes can be seen at the highest executive floors of KIA MOTORS CZECH (KMCz). Company CEO resigned from his position on Friday, November 4. Who will manage the firm?
New executive manager in Nissan SCEE
31.October 2016
Pierre Gerfaux, recently CEO of Nissan Europe, is now responsible for Nissan’s activities in the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary and the Slovak Republic.
Toyota: new organizational structure in the CR
Toyota held a press conference in Prague on October 4, 2016. Country manager Martin Peleška presented the corporate news.
New member of the Government Council for Besip
Automotive Industry Association comes up with the idea about the direction of the National Road Safety Strategy. The AIA view will promote former Tatra manager and now advisor to the President of the Association Petr Karasek.
Haidinger joined Czech BMW Group
David Haidinger became the new Corporate Communications Manager for BMW Group Czech Republic on September 26, 2016.
Fiat CEE region with a new director
Alberto De Aza (45) was appointed the new CEO of Fiat Chrysler Aubomobiles Central & Eastern Europe on September 1, 2016. The company operates in Hungary, the Czech and Slovak Republics.
Colliers International expands marketing department
Colliers International announced that Lucie Schwabova has joined Colliers Czech Republic as Marketing Manager. She will have a dual role working both with Colliers Czech Republic and sharing her experience with the wider EMEA region.
Mitsubishi has a new country manager for the CR
M Motors company, importer of Mitsubishi brand, was looking during the holidays for a new CEO. Former head of the company Martin Krob now manages Slavia football club.
Toyota Motor Czech hires new PR manager
19.August 2016
The management of Toyota Central Europe has announced a change in its organizational structure in the field of communication. Jitka Jechova takes PR agenda associated with Toyota and Lexus in the Czech Republic.
Volkswagen shuffles Jahn from Europe to China
The head of VW Group sales for corporate fleets Martin Jahn moved within the Volkswagen Group to the post of Executive Vice President of Sales and Marketing of Volkswagen in Northern China.
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Girl Online: The First Novel by Zoella
by Zoe SuggZoe Sugg
From YouTube sensation Zoella comes a debut coming-of-age novel that perfectly captures what it means to grow up and fall in love in today’s digital world. Girl Online is the first book to be published by Keywords Press, an imprint under Simon & Schuster dedicated to today’s digital stars.
I have this dream that, secretly, all teenage girls feel exactly like me. And maybe one day, when we realize that we all feel the same, we can all stop pretending we’re something we’re not. That would be awesome. But until that day, I’m going to keep it real on this blog and keep it unreal in “real” life.
Penny has a secret.
Under the alias GirlOnline, Penny blogs her hidden feelings about friendship, boys, high school drama, her quirky family, and the panic attacks that have begun to take over her life. When things go from bad to worse at school, her parents accept an opportunity to whisk the family away for Christmas at the Waldorf Astoria in New York City. There, she meets Noah, a gorgeous, guitar-strumming American. Suddenly Penny is falling in love—and capturing every moment she spends with “Brooklyn Boy” on her blog.
But Noah has a secret, too, one that threatens to ruin Penny’s cover—and her closest friendship—forever.
Award-winning and influential YouTube vlogger Zoe Sugg delivers a heartfelt coming-of-age novel that perfectly captures the highs and lows of first love, friendship, and growing up in the digital age.
Atria/Keywords Press
Girl Online Series , #1
Zoe Sugg, aka Zoella, has been creating stories ever since she was little. Her beauty, fashion, and lifestyle blogs and videos have a huge following online, with millions of YouTube subscribers. Visit Zoella.co.uk, YouTube.com/Zoella, @Zoella on Twitter and Instagram, and GirlOnlineUS.com.
Girl Online
Present day . . .
Hey, Penny, did you know that William Shakespeare is an anagram for “I am a weakish speller”?
I look at the text from Elliot and sigh. In the time I’ve been watching the dress rehearsal for Romeo and Juliet (three hours of my life that I will never get back), Elliot has bombarded me with hundreds of random texts about Shakespeare. He’s supposed to be doing it to relieve my boredom but, seriously, does anyone really need to know that Shakespeare was baptized in 1564? Or that he had seven siblings?
“Penny, could you get a shot of Juliet leaning out of the trailer?”
I quickly grab my camera and nod to Mr. Beaconsfield. “Yes, sir.”
Mr. Beaconsfield is the Year Eleven drama teacher. He’s one of those teachers who likes being “down with the kids”—all gelled hair and “call me Jeff.” He’s also the reason our version of Romeo and Juliet is set in a Brooklyn ghetto and Juliet is leaning out of a trailer rather than a balcony. My BFIS (Best Friend in School), Megan, loves Mr. Beaconsfield, but then, he does always cast her in all the lead roles. Personally, I think he’s a little creepy. Teachers shouldn’t want to hang out with teenagers. They should want to mark books and stress about school inspections and whatever else they get up to in the staff room.
I go up the steps at the side of the stage and crouch down beneath Megan. She’s wearing a baseball cap with SWAG printed on the front and has a thick fake-gold chain with a huge fake-gold dollar sign dangling from her neck. There’s no way she’d be seen dead in that outfit anywhere else; that’s how much she loves Mr. Beaconsfield. I’m about to take a picture when Megan hisses down to me: “Make sure you don’t get my spot.”
“What?” I whisper back.
“The spot on the side of my nose. Make sure you don’t get it in the picture.”
“Oh. Right.” I shift to one side and zoom in. The lighting from this side isn’t the best but at least the spot isn’t visible. I take the picture, then turn to leave the stage. As I do, I glance out into the auditorium. Apart from Mr. Beaconsfield and the two assistant directors, all of the seats are empty. I instinctively breathe a sigh of relief. To say I’m not very good with crowds would be a bit like saying Justin Bieber isn’t very good with the paparazzi. I don’t know how people can actually perform onstage. I only have to go up there for a couple of seconds to take a photo and I feel uneasy.
“Thanks, Pen,” Mr. Beaconsfield says as I hurry down the steps. That’s another cringe-fact about him—the way he calls us all by a nickname. I mean, seriously! It’s okay for my family but not my teachers!
Just as I get back to my safe spot at the side of the stage my phone bleeps again.
Oh my God, Juliet used to be played by a man back in Shakespeare’s day! You have to tell Ollie—I’d love to see his face!
I look up at Ollie, who is currently gazing up at Megan.
“But, soft! What light through yonder window breaks?” he says, in the worst New York accent ever.
I can’t help but sigh. Even though Ollie’s dressed in an even worse costume than Megan’s—making him look like a cross between a Jeremy Kyle guest and Snoop Dogg—he still somehow manages to look cute.
Elliot hates Ollie. He thinks Ollie’s really vain and calls him the Walking Selfie, but, to be fair, he doesn’t really know him. Elliot goes to a private school in Hove; he’s only seen Ollie when we’ve bumped into him on the beach or in town.
“Shouldn’t Penny take a picture of me in this scene too?” Ollie asks, when he finally gets to the end of his speech. He’s still talking in his fake American accent—which he’s been doing ever since he got the part. Apparently all the top actors do it; they call it “method acting.”
“Of course, Ollz,” says Call-Me-Jeff. “Pen?”
I put down my phone and run back up the steps.
“Can you make sure you get my best side?” Ollie whispers at me from beneath his cap. His one has STUD printed on the front in black diamante.
“Sure,” I reply. “Er, which side is that again?”
Ollie looks at me like I’m crazy.
“It’s just so hard to tell,” I whisper, my face flushing crimson.
Ollie continues to frown.
“Because they both look good to me,” I say, desperation setting in. Oh my God! What is wrong with me?! I can practically hear Elliot shrieking in horror. Thankfully at this point, Ollie starts to grin. It makes him look really boyish and way more approachable.
“It’s my right side,” he says, and turns back to face the trailer.
“Is that—er—your right, or mine?” I ask, wanting to make double sure.
“Come on, Pen. We haven’t got all day!” Mr. Beaconsfield calls out.
“It’s my right, of course,” Ollie hisses, looking at me like I’m demented again.
Even Megan’s frowning at me now. My face burning, I take the picture. I don’t do any of my usual things, like checking the lighting or the angle or anything—I just press the button and stumble out of there.
When the rehearsal is finally over—and I’ve learned from Elliot that Shakespeare was only eighteen when he got married and he wrote thirty-eight plays in total—a group of us head to JB’s Diner to get milkshakes and chips.
As we reach the seafront, Ollie starts walking along beside me. “How you doin’?” he says in his fake New York drawl.
“Um, OK, thanks,” I say, my tongue instantly tying itself in knots. Now he’s out of his Romeo gangster gear, he looks even better. His blond surfer-dude hair is perfectly tousled and his blue eyes are sparkling like the sea in the winter sunshine. To be honest, I’m not entirely sure if he’s my type—he may be a little too boy-band-meets-athlete perfect—but it’s so unusual for me to have the undivided attention of the school heartthrob that I can’t help feeling embarrassed.
“I was wondering . . .” he says, grinning down at me.
Instantly my inner voice starts finishing his sentence: What do you like to do in your spare time? Why have I never properly noticed you before? Would you like to go out with me?
“. . . if I could take a look at the picture you took of me? Just to make sure I look OK.”
“Oh—er—right. Yes, OK. I’ll show you when we get to JB’s.” It’s at exactly this moment that I fall into a hole. OK, it’s not a big hole and I don’t actually disappear inside it or anything, but I do catch my foot and end up tumbling forward—making me look about as attractive and sophisticated as a Saturday-night drunk. That’s one thing I hate about Brighton, where I live. It seems to be full of holes that exist just for me to fall into! I style it out and luckily Ollie seems not to notice.
When we get to JB’s, Ollie dives straight into the booth next to me. I see Megan raise her eyebrows and I instantly feel like I’ve done something wrong. Megan’s very good at making me feel this way. I turn away and concentrate on the Christmas decorations around the diner instead—the swirls of green and red tinsel, and the mechanical Father Christmas who yells, “Ho, ho, ho!” every time someone walks past. Christmas is definitely my favorite time of the year. There’s something about it that always calms me. After a few moments, I turn back to the table. Luckily, Megan’s now absorbed with her phone.
My fingers twitch as the inspiration for a blog post pops into my head. Sometimes it feels as if school is one big play and we’re all supposed to perform our set roles all the time. In our real-life play, Ollie isn’t supposed to sit next to me; he’s supposed to sit next to Megan. They aren’t actually dating or anything but they’re both definitely on the same rung of the social ladder. And Megan never falls into holes. She just seems to glide through life, all glossy chestnut hair and pouting. The twins slide into the booth next to Megan. The twins are called Kira and Amara. They have non-speaking parts in the play and that’s kind of how Megan treats them in real life—as extras to her lead role.
“Can I get you guys anything to drink?” a waitress says, arriving at our table with a pad and a grin.
“That would be awesome!” Ollie says loudly in his pretend American accent, and I can’t help cringing.
We all order shakes—apart from Megan, who orders a mineral water—and then Ollie turns to me. “So, can I see?”
“What? Oh, yes.” I fumble in my bag for my camera and start scrolling through the pictures. When I get to the one of Ollie, I pass it to him. I hold my breath as I wait for his response.
“Sweet,” he says. “That looks really good.”
“Ooh, let me see my one,” Megan cries, grabbing the camera from him and pressing at it wildly. My whole body tenses. Normally, I don’t mind sharing things—I even give half my advent-calendar chocolates to my brother, Tom—but my camera is different. It’s my most prized possession. It’s my safety net.
“Oh. My. God. Penny!” Megan shrieks. “What have you done? It looks like I’ve got a mustache!” She slams the camera down on the table.
“Careful!” I say.
Megan glares at me before picking up the camera and fiddling with the buttons. “How do I delete the picture of me?”
I grab the camera back from her a little too forcefully and one of her false fingernails catches on the strap.
“Ow! You’ve broken my nail!”
“You could have broken my camera.”
“Is that all you care about?” Megan glares at me across the table. “It’s not my fault you took such a terrible picture.”
In my head an answer forms itself: It’s not my fault you made me take it that way because you’ve got a spot. But I stop myself from saying it.
“Let me see,” Ollie says, grabbing the camera from me.
As he starts to laugh and Megan glares at me even harder, I feel a familiar tightness gripping my throat. I try to swallow but it’s impossible. I feel trapped inside the booth. Please don’t let this be happening again, I silently plead. But it is. A burning heat rushes through my body and I can barely breathe. The pictures of movie stars lining the wall all suddenly seem to be staring down at me. The music from the jukebox is suddenly too loud. The red chairs too bright. No matter what I do, I can’t seem to control my own body. The palms of my hands go clammy and my heart starts to pound.
“Ho, ho, ho!” the mechanical Father Christmas by the door calls. But he doesn’t sound cheery anymore. He sounds menacing.
“I need to go,” I say quietly.
“But what about the picture?” Megan whines, flicking her glossy dark hair over her shoulder.
“I’ll delete it.”
“What about your milkshake?” Kira says.
I take some money from my purse and put it on the table, hoping they don’t notice my trembling fingers. “One of you guys have it. I just remembered I have to help my mum with something. I need to get home.”
Ollie looks at me and for a second I think he actually looks disappointed. “Will you be in town tomorrow?” he asks.
Megan glares at him across the table.
“I guess so.” I feel so hot it’s making my vision blurred. I need to get out of here, now. If they keep me trapped in this booth for much longer, I’m certain I’m going to pass out. It takes everything I’ve got not to yell at Ollie to get out of my way.
“Cool.” Ollie slides out of the booth and hands me my camera. “Maybe see you around then.”
One of the twins, I can’t tell which, starts to ask if I’m OK, but I don’t stop to answer her. Somehow, I make it out of the diner and onto the seafront. I hear the shriek of a seagull followed by a shriek of laughter. A group of women are tottering toward me, all spray tans on high heels. They’re wearing Barbie-pink T-shirts, even though it’s December, and one of them has a string of learner plates around her neck. I internally groan. That’s another thing I hate about living in Brighton—the way it’s invaded by stag and hen parties every Friday night. I dart across the road and head down to the beach. The wind is icy and fresh but it’s exactly what I need. I stand on the wet pebbles and stare out to sea and wait until the waves, crashing in and rolling out, coax my heartbeat back to normal.
Sugg’s obvious understanding of the complexities and pitfalls of the online world, coupled with her sensitivity to adolescence, make for a compelling and satisfying coming-of-age tale in the digital age.
Girl Online left us wishing adorkable, quirky Penny was our BFF (especially if the package included her amazing best friend Elliot!) because who doesn’t love a sweet, adventure-filled NYC love story? No one, that’s who! A must read for fans of Dash & Lily’s Book of Dares, Invisibility, and Suite Scarlett.
Girl Online: The First Novel by Zoella 4.3 out of 5 based on 0 ratings. 83 reviews.
And this is what you get when Youtubers decide they can write books... In all seriousness though, this book was plain awful. The plot was as generic as they come, the writing was completely amateur, and the characters were flat and at times inconsistent. I literally felt like I was reading a poorly written fanfiction, except I'd actually paid for this poorly written fanfiction. What bothers me the most is that this book has a deceptively high rating due to the fact that her fandom will excuse the fact that it's a crappy book just because they like Zoella. So for those of you looking for a REAL review, DON'T BE FOOLED BY THE RATING. It's a bad read so save yourself the time and money!
Mary Poppin More than 1 year ago
After reading the book I couldn't understand why it had managed to obtain such a high rating...and then I read the reviews. Turns out the rating is totally skewed! Seriously, a good amount of the so called "reviews" are just 5 stars...with NO REVIEW. Not to mention that about a third of the 5 star "reviews" are literally just fans saying how much they love Zoella and her content on YouTube. It's like reading the comment section on YouTube! Some of them even say the book wasn't even that great but they still give it 5 stars because they love Zoe and, hey, at least she TRIED. SERIOUSLY?! I mean I don't mind if fans support her and want to show their love, but please do it on YouTube or Twitter. This is for BOOK REVIEWS, it's not a "Do you love Zoella" poll! BN seriously needs to put a stop to this, it's disappointing to see how they're letting these ratings get so shamelessly skewed.
The plot is unoriginal, the main character is annoying and the romantic relationship is more legal in 50 Shades of Gray then in Girl Online.
An average book that does not live up to the hype. The use of the r-word is unnecessary and should be removed.
I'm going to start off by saying yes I am and have been a youtube subsriber to zoella since 2010 and no, my review is not biased in the least! I found this book actually made me giggle and genuinely smile as I read it. People would look at me in public like I was crazy because of how big my smile was whilst reading this book! I am also amazed at how much I can relate to this book with anxiety and feeling panicky, it gives me a new hope and shows that literally nobody is perfect! It tells tales of friendship which I most certainly do relate to. Put in a teenage girls mind with that amount of anxiety, this book made me so happy to read, I feel like I could cover up and read this book over and over again, it adds the cutest hint of romance that IS entirely possible, and the way it portrays the internet shows that yes there are some seriously bad things that come out of it, but it takes just one person to flip that all around. Yes I believe this book deserves 5 stars and I want to congratulate Zoe for this wonderful acheivement! I can honestly say I have never loved a book so much the way I do with this one, it is written very beautifully and sounds like it could really be from my own mind. I would have done the exact same thing if I were in penny's shoes and I am so happy Zoe was able to make that happen! I feel like it ended perfectly! And I believe that it would be great as it is, or if it had a sequel.. Girl Online tells me that I am not alone on my endeavor through life with anxiety, love, and friendships, that no matter how bad things get, its because something better may just be right around the corner! All in all... Thank You Zoe!! You inspire me every single day, and now I have something to hold on to as a lasting memory forever! Destiny xxx
This book is great for everyone! There's just enough drama and romance in the story that makes it perfect! Read, read, read it! Fav book ever!:)
I LOVED this book!!!! It was so real. I think teenage girls could really connect with this book. I havent watched that many of Zoe's videos on Youtube but i will definately check some more of them out. I recommend this book to girls 13-15!
The writing was horrible. the plot was lame and stupid. the characters were simply names on a page, they didn't have a back story to them. they didn't stand out. the book moved slowly and had several pointless scenes. sorry not sorry. I really like zoe but this was a big no no. the rating is rigged
This book is like so amazing and such and an inspiration. Penny and Noah's relationship are truly goals
She did use a ghostwriter. That has been confirmed. Im a bit disappionted by Zoella, but the book was still great.
This book was absolutely amazing!!! I have been watching Zoe on youtube for about a year now, and I am so proud of how much effort she put into this book. This book is like nothing i've ever read before, and I hope Zoe continues the series with a second book. Good work Zoe!! xx
DalyaO More than 1 year ago
This book was really quirky and fun. I say it was a feel-good read. I personally love Zoe and I've been watching her videos for a year and a half now and I feel like this book had a lot of her personality in it, which I really liked. I enjoyed this book and the only reason I didn't give it a 5 was because something lacked for me (I don't know why) but there were moments where I would catch myself laughing out loud. I Love Zoe and this book!
Best book ever
I didn't really like this book as much as I wanted to. Believe me, I love watching Zoe on YouTube and I had high expectations on this book. Unfortunately, I didn't like the story line very much and there had been rumors that Zoe didn't really write this book. I know that Zoe is an amazing girl and I hope that she could improve the writing. Best wishes to you and may your books go above and beyond.
kaaayyy More than 1 year ago
So at first I thought the story was a bit boring, but then as i kept reading I couldn't put it down.. I literally read her book in like 3 hours, it was really good. There is the who ghost writing thing going on but none the less its still an amazing book so I would definitely recommend it!
Ermmmmmmmm. Penny is one of those charactes who are underwritten. In my opinion shes better off as an extra character than the main
Sophie2 More than 1 year ago
The book was too childish for me personally. As it is a young adults book and a lot of this category of books are quite mature I had expected this book to be as well. It was quite disappointing but I think for children and young girls this book is suitable.
If your deciding weather or not to buy this book you really should!!!! I love Zoella and her youtube and have been watching her years now. Its honestly an amazing book and when i finished reading i felt so different about my self. It had a crazy twist and it was definitely a page turner. i just finished it yesterday and im going to read it again cause thats how good it was!!!! Zoe should definitely make another novel PLEASE!!!! I think your an amazing author. J xx
This was by far my fave book love you Zoe best book ever
ZOELLA I LOVE YOU MORE THAN LIFE ITSELF
This book was awesome i recomend this book i really wanted to read the full book i asked my parents to buy the full version of the book but they said it was too much money.:(
Sophie_Spinnett More than 1 year ago
I have been watching Zoe on YouTube for quite some time, and I absolutely love her videos. That being said, I would still give this book a great review even if I didn't watch her videos. I found the characters very endearing and I think that Penny is very relatable. I read this book in about a week, and given that I'm a college student with a very busy schedule, I'd say that's pretty bloomin' fast. Now I'm not saying the writing is on par with writers like JK Rowling or John Green, but the story is engaging, and I felt really connected to the characters. Zoe is such and inspiration to me, and I really do wish all the best for her in the future. I hope that whatever people are saying, and if she had a ghost writer or not, that she feels proud of her accomplishment because I really do think that this is quite a phenomenal achievement.
addictive updates of classic tales
book by zoe sugg
book by dini duclos
book by christina smith
book by l.j kennedy
book by dassie dahan
Circus Girl: A Novel
It is 1971 and seventeen-year-old Sarah Cunningham is consumed by wanderlust. When her passion for ...
It is 1971 and seventeen-year-old Sarah Cunningham is consumed by wanderlust. When her passion for capturing interesting subjects through her camera lens leads Sarah to a grassy lot one day, she becomes immediately mesmerized by the fascinating circus life that ...
The Execution: A Novel
Matthew Bourne very much the center of his own universe has a long-term ...
Matthew Bourne very much the center of his own universe has a long-term partner, a mistress, and a successful career with a human rights agency, where he is campaigning to secure the release of a condemned African dissident. ...
The First Patient: A Novel
Gabe Singleton and Andrew Stoddard were once Naval Academy roommates. Today, Gabe is a country ...
Gabe Singleton and Andrew Stoddard were once Naval Academy roommates. Today, Gabe is a country doctor and his friend Andrew has gone from war hero to governor to President of the United States. One day, while the United States is ...
Girl Online: On Tour: The Second Novel by
Penny joins her rock-star boyfriend on the road in Europe in this entertaining sequel to ...
Penny joins her rock-star boyfriend on the road in Europe in this entertaining sequel to the instant New York Times bestseller, Girl Online, “a compelling and satisfying coming-of-age tale in the digital age” (Booklist) by the award-winning YouTube vlogger popularly ...
Hearsay: A Novel
Like his namesake, Lemuel Gulliver, Lem Grosz, the central character, sees a fair bit of ...
Like his namesake, Lemuel Gulliver, Lem Grosz, the central character, sees a fair bit of the world, and it is a very odd sort of place. Leaving home at 15, Lem travels from New York to Los Angeles, where he ...
In This Moment: A Novel
Bestselling author Karma Brown is back with a morally infused and emotionally riveting exploration of ...
Bestselling author Karma Brown is back with a morally infused and emotionally riveting exploration of one woman’s guilt over an unexpected—yet avoidable—tragedy Meg Pepper has a fulfilling career and a happy family. Most days she’s able to keep it all ...
It Happens All the Time: A Novel
“Bravely sheds light on sexual assault and consent. In alternating perspectives friends Tyler and Amber ...
“Bravely sheds light on sexual assault and consent. In alternating perspectives friends Tyler and Amber recount an alcohol-fueled night that changed the course of their lives.” –Us Weekly From master storyteller Amy Hatvany—whose writing has been hailed as “gripping and ...
Luxe: A Novel
From the New York Times bestseller Ashley Antoinette, author of the Prada Plan series comes ...
From the New York Times bestseller Ashley Antoinette, author of the Prada Plan series comes a boldly fierce and strikingly dramatic novel, Luxe.Bleu Montclair knew as a young girl that she would one day escape the hard, unrelenting streets of ...
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/content/basf/www/fi/en/media/news-releases/2017/12/p-17-358.html
Science Around Us
BASF invests in the expansion of its mobile emissions catalysts production site in Ṥroda Ṥląska, Poland. The expansion includes new production lines and additional infrastructure to equip light duty diesel and gasoline vehicles with BASF’s innovative catalyst and filter solutions. The investment will increase the existing production site by approximately 14,000 square meters – adding more than 50% to the current production area and creating new jobs within the Lower Silesian region.
BASF to expand mobile emissions catalysts site in Ṥroda Ṥląska, Poland
Innovative catalysts solutions help customers meet tight emission regulation standards
Additional capacity strategically focused on Europe
“The additional capacity and our best-in-class technology further enables BASF’s customers to meet tightening NOx and particulate emissions standards for diesel or gasoline engines, such as Euro 6d,” said Tilo Horstmann, BASF Vice President Mobile Emissions Catalysts Europe. “Our Ṥroda Ṥląska production is BASF’s largest emissions catalysts production site in the region Europe, and with this expansion we strengthen our commitment to our customers and to the business growth strategy in the Europe, Middle East and Africa region.”
Automobile manufacturers began working with new regulations effective September 2017, when the Euro 6d “Real Driving Emissions” (RDE) regulations for the European Union were introduced. The Euro 6d emissions regulations define the specific emissions limits that must be met in real driving cycles.
“The introduction of RDE regulation-based limits ensures better air quality. Our technologies for both diesel and gasoline powered vehicles are designed to meet even the strictest regulation standards.” said Dirk Demuth, BASF Senior Vice President, Mobile Emission Catalysts. “BASF’s new state-of-the-art technologies make diesel a competitively clean technology. Diesel is also crucial in the engine mix to achieve the overall fleet CO2 targets of modern mobility,” he added.
The expansion will create state-of-the-art lines with a full range of catalysts and filter technologies, including Selective Catalytic Reduction on Filter (SCR.2F). This is a patented technology combining SCR with a diesel particulate filter to control nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter emissions from diesel engines on a single substrate. In addition, the nitrogen oxides adsorbers technology, Lean NOx Trap (LNT) and the innovative Four-Way conversion catalysts (FWC™) will be produced.
About BASF’s Catalysts Division
BASF’s Catalysts division is the world’s leading supplier of environmental and process catalysts. The group offers exceptional expertise in the development of technologies that protect the air we breathe, produce the fuels that power our world and ensure efficient production of a wide variety of chemicals, plastics and other products, including advanced battery materials. By leveraging our industry-leading R&D platforms, passion for innovation and deep knowledge of precious and base metals, BASF’s Catalysts division develops unique, proprietary solutions that drive customer success. Further information on BASF’s Catalysts division is available on the Internet at www.catalysts.basf.com
About BASF
At BASF, we create chemistry for a sustainable future. We combine economic success with environmental protection and social responsibility. The approximately 114,000 employees in the BASF Group work on contributing to the success of our customers in nearly all sectors and almost every country in the world. Our portfolio is organized into five segments: Chemicals, Performance Products, Functional Materials & Solutions, Agricultural Solutions and Oil & Gas. BASF generated sales of about €58 billion in 2016. BASF shares are traded on the stock exchanges in Frankfurt (BAS), London (BFA) and Zurich (BAS). Further information at www.basf.com.
P-17-358
P358/17e
PDF ( 234.8 kB )
Last Update 11 December 2017
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Derbyshire fraudster is jailed after he falsely registered triplets to claim benefits
Published: 08:30 Updated: 13:33 Monday 24 December 2018
A serial fraudster has been jailed for 22 weeks after he tried to falsely register the birth of triplets so he could illegally claim unentitled benefits.
However, benefit staff became suspicious because the form James Batty handed over had so many spelling mistakes.
Pictured is Derby Crown Court.
Derby Crown Court heard how the 29-year-old’s series of frauds also saw him open a Freeman’s catalogue account in the name of the mother of his former partner and order £700 of goods which were sent to his address.
And his final offence saw him try to cash a cheque for more than £1,200 which he had already received the money for.
Judge Shaun Smith QC said: “Mr Batty, you are not unknown to the courts for fraud, you have done a lot of it.
“But that has mostly been benefit fraud but this time you have gone a bit further and made it personal.
Serial fraudster James Batty, 29, of Porter Street, Staveley, has been jailed for 22 weeks.
“This was really spiteful behaviour and I appreciate it is against a backdrop of a relationship ending but that is an explanation and not an excuse.
“The offences you committed were mean but they were not sophisticated.
“In one case the spelling on the form was even wrong.”
Sarah Allen, prosecuting, said Batty and his partner had an “acrimonious split” earlier this year.
She said that following the break-up in August he decided to take out a Freeman’s catalogue account in the name of the mother of his ex and ordered the goods which included a bed, a settee, towels, kitchen items and a TV.
That fraud was uncovered when the woman was sent an invoice for the goods and the police were informed.
Miss Allen said the second fraud took place on August 3.
New sandwich and coffee shop plan for Belper town centre
She said: “The defendant went to a register office claiming he needed to register the birth of triplets.
“He had with him forged court documents and the registrar became suspicious when she noticed a number of spelling mistakes on the claim form.
“She also called the hospital to see if any triplets had been born on the date he claimed and they told her there had not been any.”
Miss Allen said the cheque fraud also took place in August when Batty had legitimately leased a BMW car and then decided to end it, receiving a cheque for £1,279 which he cashed.
She said: “He immediately reported the cheque had been lost so a second cheque was sent out and which he tried to cash.
“He was arrested and interviewed and admitted he carried out the offences because he was desperate.”
Miss Allen said Batty, of Porter Street, Staveley, has 19 convictions for 59 offences including a number for fraud.
In relation to the new offences he pleaded guilty to three more counts of the same offence.
Jeremy Janes, mitigating, said his client had attempted suicide on a number of occasions since being remanded into custody.
He said: “This offending happened at a time when he had lost his home, his job and his relationship.
“He accepts through me these are mean offences.”
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Austrian and Habsburg Studies
The Monumental Nation
Magyar Nationalism and Symbolic Politics in Fin-de-siècle Hungary
Bálint Varga
300 pages, 19 illus., 11 tables, 1 map, bibliog., index
ISBN 978-1-78533-313-2 25% OFF! $150.00/£107.00 $112.50/£80.25 Hb Published (December 2016)
ISBN 978-1-78920-519-0 25% OFF! $34.95/£24.00 $26.21/£18.00 Pb Not Yet Published (November 2019)
WINNER OF THE 2018 RICHARD G. PLASCHKA PRIZE FROM THE AUSTRIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
“…an excellent introduction to the social and cultural history of Hungary’s provincial urban centers and will be a valuable resource for historians of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.” • Austrian History Yearbook
“[The] outstanding merits of Varga’s book…include his mastery over both his subject and his overall lucid handling of analytical concepts. Based on a series of interrelated case studies, this monograph represents a nuanced interpretation of nineteenth-century state nationalism challenged on the ground by rival roads to modernity, and it offers far-reaching insights for readers beyond those interested in Hungarian history.” • East Central Europe
“The book is a significant contribution to the ‘national indifference’ debate. Varga takes the questions of this literature as his starting point, systematically reviewing each town’s schools, census data, language, nationality, and religious distribution, as well as the impact of institutions of national government or local elites and intelligentsia. This he does meticulously, using similar data sources across languages and regions. The book contains a wealth of information.” • American Historical Review
“In twelve short, very readable chapters, Varga… offers a convincing analysis of the shortcomings of efforts to create an inclusive Hungarian nation-state led by Magyar elites prior to World War I.” • Journal of Modern History
“Varga successfully alters how we think about Hungarian history and especially how we think about the story of ethnic and national belonging. His book challenges top-down histories that emphasize activities in the capital; instead he pro- vides us with a fascinating study of how local and regional identities reacted to, as well as helped to create, national myths, such as the one concerning the Hungarian conquest.” • Slavic Review
“By confining his study to a narrow time period, Varga achieves a broad thematic view over a wide geographic area. While several urban studies have compared nationalist movements to competing non- national loyalties, few country-level studies have managed to encompass such a breadth of interacting political forces. Varga’s clear, no-nonsense prose is suitable for undergraduates, but specialists will also benefit from this book, which synthesizes several trends in recent historiography into a coherent and interesting narrative.” • Central Europe
“…uncovers something valuable and authentic. In a sequence of ‘scenes from provincial life’, for which he draws masterfully on sources in all the relevant languages and genres, he shows us a rich tapestry of indigenous conditions in Hungary’s disparate regional townscapes.” • Journal of East Central European Studies
“This rather short book by a young Hungarian historian is an excellent study in politics of history. With a very short time span (end of nineteenth/beginning of twentieth century) and limited territory (five specified localities) covered, the study brings to foreground a series of important phenomena, some of them astonishingly topical today… It is with real pleasure that this wise and witty book reads: its vivid and ironical style is in contrast with the monumental subject of the story recounted.” • Acta Poloniae Historica
“In addition to charting the limits and varieties of nationalist mobilization in Habsburg Hungary, this well-researched study reveals an important and ultimately damaging dynamic of the centralist liberal state itself.” • Slavonic and East European Review
“This is an impressive work of scholarship, readable and compelling, that integrates local and national history, sheds new light on the Hungarian state’s efforts to integrate its minorities, and will prove thought provoking and enlightening for both students and scholars of modern Central European history.” • H-Nationalism
“This is a splendid and ambitious study of the tension between nationalizing ambitions and the stubborn realities of local politics. Varga has managed to synthesize primary and secondary sources from more than six languages, putting all of it into a coherent, accessible narrative that yields real analytic insights into the political culture of late nineteenth-century Hungary.” • Paul Hanebrink, Rutgers University
“Hungary’s Millennial monuments comprise a fascinating case study in nineteenth-century nationalism. Demonstrating impressive research skills, Bálint Varga has written a careful, comparative analysis that takes the reader to the farthest corners of Habsburg Hungary to consider the politics of public space.” • Robert Nemes, Colgate University
From the 1860s onward, Habsburg Hungary attempted a massive project of cultural assimilation to impose a unified national identity on its diverse populations. In one of the more quixotic episodes in this “Magyarization,” large monuments were erected near small towns commemorating the medieval conquest of the Carpathian Basin—supposedly, the moment when the Hungarian nation was born. This exactingly researched study recounts the troubled history of this plan, which—far from cultivating national pride—provoked resistance and even hostility among provincial Hungarians. Author Bálint Varga thus reframes the narrative of nineteenth-century nationalism, demonstrating the complex relationship between local and national memories.
Bálint Varga has been a research fellow at the Institute of History of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences since 2013. In 2015, he was awarded the R. John Rath Prize from the Center for Austrian Studies at the University of Minnesota.
Subject: 18th/19th Century History
Area: Central/Eastern Europe
LC: DB945 .V36 2017
BL: DRT ELD.DS.202636
HIS040000 HISTORY/Europe/Austria & Hungary;
HIS037060 HISTORY/Modern/19th Century;
HIS054000 HISTORY/Social History
THEMA: NH; 3MP; JPFN
List of Tables and Images
PART I: A MILLENNIUM-OLD PAST
Chapter 1. The Challenge of Integration: Hungary in the 19th Century
Chapter 2. Anchoring a Millennium-Old Past in the Hungarian Minds
PART II: CITIES
Chapter 3. Pressburg and Theben
Chapter 4. Nitra
Chapter 5. Munkács
Chapter 6. Brassó
Chapter 7. The Magyar Inland: Pannonhalma and Pusztaszer
Chapter 8. Semlin
Chapter 9. Local Conditions of National Integration
PART III: EVENTS
Chapter 10. Prologue: The Many Faces of the Millennium
Chapter 11. Signs for Eternity: The Millennial Monuments
Chapter 12. The Millennial Monuments in the Public Space, 1896–1918
Appendix I: Tables
Appendix II: Name locator
I would like to recommend The Monumental Nation Magyar Nationalism and Symbolic Politics in Fin-de-siècle Hungary for the library. Please include it in your next purchasing review with my strong recommendation. The RRP is: $150.00
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International Campaign for Justice in Bhopal
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US Congresspeople file amicus in Bhopal suit
October 31, 2003 Admin Leave a comment
“It is unacceptable to allow an American company not only the opportunity to exploit international borders and legal jurisdictions but also the ability to evade civil and criminal liability for environmental pollution and abuses committed overseas.” – Leading Congressman Frank Pallone, Times of India, 18th Oct.
This unequivocal statement announced the Amicus brief that has been filed with the US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit by Congressman Pallone and eight other US lawmakers on behalf of the Bhopal survivors’ Class Action.
That’s the rotten news for Carbide. Now the unspeakable news for Daddy Dow: the brief urges the Court of Appeals to hold Dow responsible for Bhopal and exposes Dow’s refusal to accept liability for ongoing contamination as legally indefensible: “That [polluter pays] principle, has been affirmed by both international law and American common law and the appropriate means for addressing pollution or environmental harm regardless of where it occurs. That principle cannot be ignored simply because the polluter has abandoned its facility, sold its shares in a subsidy or otherwise effected change of ownership.”
Congressman Pallone fights for Bhopal gas victims
IANS[ Saturday, October 18, 2003 12:43:59 PM ]
WASHINGTON: Leading Congressman Frank Pallone and eight other US
lawmakers, have filed an amicus brief on behalf of about 20,000 victims of the 1984 Union Carbide chemical disaster in Bhopal.
Pallone, co-founder of the Congressional Caucus on India and Indian
Americans, and his colleagues have sent the 23-page brief to the US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. It urges the court to hold Dow Chemical, which acquired Union Carbide in 2001, responsible for the world’s biggest environmental disaster.
The brief, initiated by Pallone, comes in response to a March decision by a US District Judge in New York dismissing all claims against Dow Chemical. Victims then appealed to the Second Circuit, said a press release from Pallone’s office.
“There is strong support in Congress for holding those responsible for this horrific tragedy accountable for their actions,” he said. “It is unacceptable to allow an American company not only the opportunity to exploit international borders and legal jurisdictions but also the ability to evade civil and criminal liability for environmental pollution and abuses committed overseas.”
For the whole article click here.
Frank PalloneLegalUS Congress
Previous PostCEO and Vice President Jailed in USNext PostDow union passes historic resolution supporting Bhopal survivors
The Government is Going To Lie In Court!
After 8 years, the government petition to revise the compensation for the survivors and families of Victims of the Bhopal Gas Disaster will be heard by the Supreme Court. But, the government is going to severely downplay the numbers of death and injury. They should not be lying to the Supreme Court!
ASK THE GOVERNMENT TO BE HONEST IN COURT
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Contents of old Bhopal.net websites
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An international coalition working to address the grave injustices suffered by half a million Bhopalis.
What Happened in Bhopal?
1. Setting the Stage for Tragedy: 1969-1984
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Abram Rescues Lot
1 In the days of Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of Goiim,
(Ge 10:10; Ge 10:22; Ge 11:2; Isa 11:11; Ac 2:9)
2 these kings made war with Bera king of Sodom, Birsha king of Gomorrah, Shinab king of Admah, Shemeber king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (that is, Zoar).
(Ge 13:10; Ge 14:8; Ge 19:22; De 29:23)
3 And all these joined forces in the Valley of Siddim (that is, the Salt Sea).
(Nu 34:12; De 3:17; Jos 3:16)
4 Twelve years they had served Chedorlaomer, but in the thirteenth year they rebelled.
5 In the fourteenth year Chedorlaomer and the kings who were with him came and defeated the Rephaim in Ashteroth-karnaim, the Zuzim in Ham, the Emim in Shaveh-kiriathaim,
(Ge 15:20; De 1:4; De 2:10; De 2:11; De 2:20; De 3:11)
6 and the Horites in their hill country of Seir as far as El-paran on the border of the wilderness.
(Ge 21:21; Nu 12:16; Nu 13:3; De 2:12; De 2:22)
7 Then they turned back and came to En-mishpat (that is, Kadesh) and defeated all the country of the Amalekites, and also the Amorites who were dwelling in Hazazon-tamar.
(Ge 16:14; Ge 20:1; Nu 13:26; 2Ch 20:2)
8 Then the king of Sodom, the king of Gomorrah, the king of Admah, the king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (that is, Zoar) went out, and they joined battle in the Valley of Siddim
9 with Chedorlaomer king of Elam, Tidal king of Goiim, Amraphel king of Shinar, and Arioch king of Ellasar, four kings against five.
10 Now the Valley of Siddim was full of bitumen pits, and as the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled, some fell into them, and the rest fled to the hill country.
(Ge 11:3; Ge 19:17; Ge 19:30; Ex 2:3)
11 So the enemy took all the possessions of Sodom and Gomorrah, and all their provisions, and went their way.
(Ge 14:16; Ge 14:21)
12 They also took Lot, the son of Abram’s brother, who was dwelling in Sodom, and his possessions, and went their way.
(Ge 12:5; Ge 13:12)
13 Then one who had escaped came and told Abram the Hebrew, who was living by the oaks1 of Mamre the Amorite, brother of Eshcol and of Aner. These were allies of Abram.
14 When Abram heard that his kinsman had been taken captive, he led forth his trained men, born in his house, 318 of them, and went in pursuit as far as Dan.
(Ge 15:3; Ge 17:12; Ge 17:23; Ge 17:27; Jud 18:29; Ec 2:7)
15 And he divided his forces against them by night, he and his servants, and defeated them and pursued them to Hobah, north of Damascus.
16 Then he brought back all the possessions, and also brought back his kinsman Lot with his possessions, and the women and the people.
(Ge 14:11)
Abram Blessed by Melchizedek
17 After his return from the defeat of Chedorlaomer and the kings who were with him, the king of Sodom went out to meet him at the Valley of Shaveh (that is, the King’s Valley).
(2Sa 18:18)
18 And Melchizedek king of Salem brought out bread and wine. (He was priest of God Most High.)
(Ps 57:2; Ps 110:4; Ac 16:17; Heb 5:6; Heb 5:10; Heb 7:1; Heb 7:11; Heb 7:17)
19 And he blessed him and said, “Blessed be Abram by God Most High, Possessor2 of heaven and earth;
(Mt 11:25; Heb 7:6)
20 and blessed be God Most High, who has delivered your enemies into your hand!” And Abram gave him a tenth of everything.
(Ge 28:22; Heb 7:4)
21 And the king of Sodom said to Abram, “Give me the persons, but take the goods for yourself.”
22 But Abram said to the king of Sodom, “I have lifted my hand3 to the Lord, God Most High, Possessor of heaven and earth,
(Ex 6:8; Nu 14:30; De 32:40; Eze 20:5; Eze 20:15; Eze 20:23; Eze 20:28; Da 12:7; Re 10:5)
23 that I would not take a thread or a sandal strap or anything that is yours, lest you should say, ‘I have made Abram rich.’
(Es 9:15)
24 I will take nothing but what the young men have eaten, and the share of the men who went with me. Let Aner, Eshcol, and Mamre take their share.”
1 Or terebinths
2 Or Creator; also verse 22
3 Or I have taken a solemn oath
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Automotive industry is key industry, says Merkel
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© 2019 Press and Information Office of the Federal Government
IAA in Frankfurt/Main
Chancellor Merkel has stressed how hugely important the German automotive industry is for jobs and growth. "We know how important your sector is for our country," the Chancellor said at the start of the International Motor Show (IAA) in Frankfurt/Main on Thursday.
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Merkel took a keen interest in innovations in the automotive industry during her tour of the International Motor Show
Photo: Bundesregierung/Kugler
As far as the diesel emissions scandal was concerned, Chancellor Merkel accused car manufacturers of "heavily exploiting regulatory gaps". Even though that applied to only a minority in the industry, Merkel said in her opening speech, "everything possible needs to be done now to regain credibility and trust as quickly as possible".
Combustion engines plus electromobility
The Chancellor called on both German and foreign manufacturers to help clean up the environment by retrofitting diesel engines. She refused to denounce diesel technology as a whole, however. "There's no way around it," she said, "we'll be needing combustion engines for decades to come."
Investments needed to be made to both promote and develop new drive technologies, Angela Merkel said. "Combustion engines plus electromobility, that's how we can avoid driving bans being imposed on diesel vehicles," she added. European solutions would also have to be found.
Future Now
Matthias Wissmann, President of the Association of the German Automotive Industry (VDA), admitted in his speech that some car manufacturers had made "serious mistakes". But they had recognised their mistakes and were rigorously following them up now. Wissmann said that he, too, was against driving bans. "Innovative strategies for the future are always better than blanket driving bans," he said.
The motto of this year's International Motor Show is "Future Now". Without doubt the megatrend at the IAA 2017 is digitalisation – a topic which the German automotive industry in particular is driving ahead at great speed. It encompasses automated driving, electromobility and new mobility strategies for the city of the future.
Some 1,000 exhibitors from 39 countries will be presenting their innovations at the 67th IAA in Frankfurt/Main until 24 September. A total of 228 world premieres will be showcased. The IAA is not only the leading international trade fair on mobility, but also the only one in the world at which both manufacturers and suppliers set up their booths side by side. The show opens its doors to the general public on Saturday.
Summit on automated driving
Federal Transport Minister Alexander Dobrindt will be discussing the future of automated driving at the IAA with his European counterparts, EU representatives and CEOs. The two-day meeting, beginning on Thursday, 14 September, will be attended by EU Commissioners Günther Oettinger and Violeta Bulc as well as Daimler boss Dieter Zetsche, among others.
"Europe must lead the way when it comes to self-driving vehicles," Dobrindt said. A uniform market needed to be created as quickly as possible, he said. That was why Luxembourg would be joining the German–French Digital Test Field, he added. Ministers from the three countries will be sealing the deal in Frankfurt.
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This impressive 'Knife Angel' sculpture is made out of 100,000 knives collected by the police
Barbara Tasch
The 'Knife Angel' sculpture, which has been created with 100,000 knives collected by 41 police forces, at the British Ironwork Centre in Oswestry, Shropshire.
Picture by Joe Giddens PA Wire/PA Images
LONDON - A 27-foot sculpture made out of 100,000 knives could be placed on the fourth plinth in London's Trafalgar Square in tribute to victims of knife crime.
The sculpture, named "Knife Angel," was created in Oswestry, Shropshire, by the British Ironwork Centre. It took two years to build.
The knives were handed in by 41 police forces around the country during amnesties and confiscations.
The campaign, " Save a Life, Surrender Your Knife," and the statue aims to raise awareness of the growing issue of knife crime throughout the UK.
"The monument was created for one purpose, to highlight this extensive problem. Both government and the educational system need to open their eyes to the epidemic," t he British Ironwork Centre's website says.
Here are some pictures of the impressive statue:
This is "Knife Angel."
Joe Giddens PA Wire/PA Images
Families affected by knife crime, police officers, politicians, celebrities, community leaders, and ex-gang members welded their own knives on the sculpture as a symbolical gesture.
Some of the knives are engraved with victims' names or messages from their families.
Some parents who lost their children to knife crimes also ceremonially handed over knives to the construction of the statue.
Trish Bergan, mother of Jerome Eugene Bergan who was stabbed in Strelley in December 2002, told the Nottingham Post that she broke down when she saw the statue.
"I saw all the knives and I think you are doing a very good job. It was unfinished at the time but I'm so pleased my son's name is going to be engraved on one of these knives and he will never ever be forgotten," Bergan said.
According to the British Ironwork Centre, the statue is the only memorial ever created with all the different police forces and the Home Office working together...
... and will be Britain's biggest monument against violence and aggression ever created.
More: Features Knife Crime Knives Sculpture
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Azealia Banks and Russell Crowe Clash at Party
10/17/2016 by Lars Brandle
Christie Goodwin/Redferns via Getty Images
Azealia Banks performs on Sept. 19, 2014 in London.
Azealia Banks has claimed Russell Crowe assaulted her and called her the n-word before tossing the Harlem rapper from a party at his place. But her sensational account has been dismissed outright by guests reportedly at the scene.
In a Facebook post shared on the weekend, Banks alleged the Oscar-winning Australian actor verbally and physically her before forcibly ejecting her from a small gathering at his suite.
The alleged attack left her feeling like she "wanted to die" and that "the men in the room let it happen".
“Last night was one of the hardest nights of sleep I’ve had in a long time,” she wrote. “‘The men in the room allowed it to happen. I feel terrible today.”
A totally different version of events has been reported by TMZ, however, which implies Banks was the one throwing insults and was bounced due to her erratic behavior.
According to TMZ, the hip-hop artist arrived as the “plus one” for the Wu-Tang Clan rapper, filmmaker and label honcho RZA.
TMZ quotes eyewitnesses who claim Banks ridiculed Crowe and his guests before threatening them and turning the air blue.
In a line that sounds as though it came straight from an action film, Banks was paraphrased: “You would love it if I broke my glass, stabbed you guys in the throat, and blood would squirt everywhere like some real Tarantino s---."
Crowe is said to have wrapped her up in a bear hug and removed her from the premises. He is reported to have then called hotel security guards who removed the Harlem artist from the grounds.
Crowe has not responded to the allegations via social media and a spokesperson declined to comment. Banks’ post has now been deleted but a screengrab can be seen below.
What's clear is only a handful of people know what really went down at the party. And both parties have a history of letting their tempers run wild. Banks' social media tirades are as fierce as they are frequent, and she found her Twitter account suspended earlier this year after a racist rant against Zayn Malik and an attack on teenage Disney star Skai Jackson. She recently announced a self-imposed social media ban, but that ban is now clearly lifted.
Crowe, who started a pop career under the amusing stage name Russ le Roq and had stints with rock bands 30 Odd Foot of Grunts and The Ordinary Fear of God, was famously snubbed for an Oscar when, after his acceptance speech was cut short at the 2002 BAFTA Awards (where his performance in “A Beautiful Mind” won him the best male actor award), he reportedly assaulted TV executive Malcolm Gerrie.
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Bisley ‘steel’ the show at To–Ta Classics, home of Car SOS
No mechanic would be without his tools and the Bisley team have made sure that the To-Ta Classics restoration crew keep theirs safe and organised, by providing the home of Car SOS with ToolStor drawer cabinets, mobile tool cabinets, pedestals and cupboards
Broadcast in 200 television territories, Car SOS is watched by a staggering 120 million viewers around the world. Presented by Tim Shaw and Fuzz Townshend the show follows a formula of rescuing much loved classic cars from deterioration with the aid of a specialist team of skilled mechanics, before returning them to their surprised, damp eyed owners.
Fuzz Townsend, co-host and lead mechanic on the show, says of the new storage:
“We needed efficient storage, so Bisley provided us with ToolStor and the transformation to our workshop has been outstanding. Customers are now greeted with a smart and orderly workshop, which gives them the confidence to leave their valuable classic cars with us. Bisley has exceeded our expectations and their products have made a real difference to our business.”
The Bisley ToolStor range of heavy duty tool storage has been designed for the demanding applications that are undertaken within the industrial workplace. Bisley’s comprehensive and professional range of tool cabinets, cupboards and mobile storage offer the very best of high-end specifications and heavy duty industrial build quality. They provide workshops with a professional and organised answer to tooling and component storage, whilst also utilising the maximum space available in any workshop through the tailored options available.
Once built and quality control checked all Bisley ToolStor products are finished in a hardwearing scratch resistant matte textured powder coat.
Damon Edhouse, the Business Development Manager of the Bisley industrial storage line:
“Car SOS is quickly becoming THE recognised car programme, so we’re very lucky to make a regular appearance on the show with To-Ta Classics and I’m excited about the recognition that accompanies it. It’s like no other car repair programme, as they do something special for people who have suffered difficult circumstances. We are delighted to support a show that is not only fun to watch, but makes such a difference in the lives of others.”
You can enjoy the winning combination of classic cars at To-Ta Classics and Bisley’s classic steel storage pieces in the new series of Car SOS on the National Geographic Channel from Thursday 18th of May at 8pm.
Meet two of our team
Productivity Starts With The Storeroom
Industrial Storage: Is It Generic & Outdated?
The Bisley Solution To Lean Manufacturing
Bisley Buyers Guide
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https://www.bitchute.com/video/s_B_CJ3yieM/
<iframe width="640" height="360" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="border: none;" src="https://www.bitchute.com/embed/s_B_CJ3yieM/"></iframe>
Space Prison Colonies
First published at 16:32 UTC on January 24th, 2019.
Isaac Arthur
IsaacArthur
Get a free month of Curiosity Stream: http://curiositystream.com/isaacarthur
Many a land was settled by exiles and prisoners, and many a science fiction story contemplates that we may use such methods when colonize new worlds. But are such methods ...
Many a land was settled by exiles and prisoners, and many a science fiction story contemplates that we may use such methods when colonize new worlds. But are such methods viable? and what methods might we use in the future for dealing with criminals?
Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net
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Listen or Download the audio of this episode from Soundcloud: Episode's Audio-only version:
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Episode's Narration-only version: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/space-prison-colonies-narration-only
Episode 170, Season 5 E04
Gloria Meadows
Keith Blockus
Sigmund Kopperud
Matthew Acker
Matthew Campbell
Cover Art:
Jakub Grygier https://www.artstation.com/jakub_grygier
Bryan Versteeg http://spacehabs.com
Fishy Tree https://www.deviantart.com/fishytree/
Jeremy Jozwik https://www.artstation.com/zeuxis_of_losdiajana
Ken York https://www.facebook.com/YDVisual/
LegionTech Studios https://hades9.com
Produced & Narrated by:
Music Manager:
Luca DeRosa - [email protected]
Scott Buckley, "Red" http://www.scottbuckley.com.au
Taras Harkavyi, "Alpha and..." https://www.discogs.com/artist/625697-Taras-Harkavyi
Stellardrone, "Between the Rings" https://stellardrone.bandcamp.com
A.J. Prasad, "Staring Through, pt 2" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xA8-7qwaEPU
Scott Buckley, "Titan" http://www.scottbuckley.com.au
Denny Schneidemesser, "Luminous Rays" https://soundcl..
Category Science & Technology
SFIA Monthly Livestream: January 20, 2019
Void Ecology
Synthetic Meat
Beam Powered Spaceships
Weaponizing Black Holes
s_B_CJ3yieM
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Why Brightcove
Brightcove Advantage
Video Marketing Suite
Enterprise Video Suite
SSAI
OTT Flow
Publishers & Broadcasters
Brightcove University
Brightcove to Drive Radical Improvements in Video Economics and User Experience for Media Organizations
Improving User Experience, Increasing Revenue Opportunities, and Reducing Costs Top the List of Challenges in 2017
BOSTON, January 25, 2017 - The economic health of broadcasters, publishers, and other media companies is under great stress today. A small handful of large platform companies are capturing the vast majority of marginal ad dollars spent, rapid technology changes and platform fragmentation are increasing the cost and complexity of operating an online video business, and broken ad-related user experiences pose increasing challenges to sustained, profitable growth among media businesses, according to a new Brightcove (NASDAQ: BCOV) whitepaper. 2017 is an inflection point for many of these organizations. The new whitepaper, Experience and Economics: Brightcove’s Manifesto for Media in 2017, provides a clear roadmap on how Brightcove will work with media companies to address these issues in 2017.
“Consumers are rebelling against bad ad experiences online. Their unwillingness to watch poorly executed ad-supported video and their use of ad blockers is putting a dent in revenue,” David Mendels, CEO, Brightcove said. “Platform players such as Facebook, Google, Snap and Twitter have invested heavily in video and are consuming the vast majority of incremental ad dollars in the market, making it harder for independent media organizations to maintain ad-supported businesses. And this is happening as these businesses continue to deal with the rising cost and complexity of delivering video to an expanding landscape of platforms.”
In response to the problem, Brightcove has published Experience and Economics: Brightcove’s Manifesto for Media in 2017 (read the blog here), in which Brightcove identifies three ways it will help media customers address these broad issues:
Radically improving the user experience. While online video viewing experiences have improved over the past decade, they still fall short of the instant on and uninterrupted experience that traditional TV has delivered to audiences throughout its history. But achieving TV-quality experience - and the increased view times and repeat visits that the data shows will result from such improvements - is within reach. To get there, media businesses will need to integrate ads seamlessly into content via Server Side Ad Insertion (SSAI), continue to improve on video player load time and time to first frame, enable higher quality formats like 4K and UHD, and improve key Quality of Experience (QoE) metrics. Read more on Brightcove’s blog.
Increasing video revenues by up to 50 percent. SSAI provides a better, more TV-like experience than client side ad insertion (CSAI), which has long been the standard for delivering pre-roll and mid-roll advertising, resulting in more views, longer view times, and more repeat visits. It also solves the reach problem, expanding monetization and reducing errors across devices that don’t work with the legacy CSAI approach, like Chromecast, Apple TV and a significant number of Android devices. Lastly, because advertising is seamlessly embedded in the video stream, it bypasses the impact of ad blockers, further increasing ad revenue potential. Improvements and availability of new recommendation and syndication technologies are also creating opportunities for greater returns on content investments. Read more on Brightcove’s blog.
Reducing the cost of delivering great video experiences by as much as 50 percent. Video workflow is a complex web of platforms and standards. Technology innovations, such as Brightcove’s Dynamic Media Delivery capability, can dramatically reduce costs associated with bandwidth and storage, simplify production operations, and speed time to delivery. Advances like OTT Flow can reduce service development and maintenance costs and speed time to market, enabling companies to compete with the industry giants and profitably serve audiences large and small. Harnessing the power of social platforms for video distribution can also lead to significant cost savings. Brightcove Social, which simplifies the the native delivery of video content through multiple social media platforms, offers savings in time and staff investment. Read more on Brightcove’s blog.
“2017 will be a breakthrough year for many online video services and publishers. At Brightcove, our recent innovations will come together to address the three key issues that our media customers have highlighted as their primary concerns,” Mendels said. “We look forward to delivering the benefits of our investments to our customers over the coming months.”
Download Experience and Economics: Brightcove’s Manifesto for Media in 2017 here.
About Brightcove
Brightcove Inc. (NASDAQ:BCOV) is the leading global provider of powerful cloud solutions for delivering and monetizing video across connected devices. The company offers a full suite of products and services that reduce the cost and complexity associated with publishing, distributing, measuring and monetizing video across devices. Brightcove has thousands of customers in over 70 countries that rely on the company’s cloud solutions to successfully publish high-quality video experiences to audiences everywhere. To learn more, visit www.brightcove.com.
Phil LeClare
Brightcove
press@brightcove.com
Rebecca Lake
WE Communications for Brightcove
rlake@we-worldwide.com
This press release may include forward-looking statements regarding anticipated objectives, growth and/or expected product and service developments or enhancements. Such forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of the following words (among others): "believes," "expects," "may," "will," "plan," "should" or "anticipates," or comparable words and their negatives. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees but are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the expectations contained in these statements. For a discussion of such risks and uncertainties, see "Risk Factors" in the Company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including its most recent annual report on Form 10-K. Brightcove assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained in this press release in the event of changing circumstances or otherwise, and such statements are current only as of the date they are made.
Contact PRReturn to Pressroom
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Waukee Quick Links
Dog Friendly Waukee, IA
Need help deciding where to stay, play, or eat with your dog in Waukee, IA? Get the scoop on our favorite pet friendly hotels, restaurants, and activities in Waukee, IA below! Or give us a call at 877-411-FIDO to book your dog-friendly vacation in Waukee, IA now.
There are 3 pet friendly hotels in Waukee, IA. You'll find information on all the most popular pet friendly hotels, vacation rentals, bed & breakfasts, and campgrounds in Waukee, IA below.
Waukee Airbnb Rentals
Waukee Airbnb Rentals Pet Policy
Pet policies are determined by the individual host of each Airbnb property. For more information on the pet fee, weight limit and other restrictions at a particular property in Waukee, please contact the host directly or read the 'house rules' section of their listing.
Visit Website | See all Vacation Rentals in Waukee
Timberline Campground
Timberline Campground Pet Policy
Dogs are allowed at Timberline Campground, but they must be kept on a leash no longer than 8 feet when outside your vehicle. Pets must be attended to at all times and cleaned up after. Dogs are not allowed in the buildings, playground & pool areas. Management reserves the right to limit size and quantity of dogs. Pets are not allowed in cabins. Other restrictions may apply. Please see website for more details.
Visit Website | See all Campgrounds in Waukee
See More Hotels
Don't leave Fido in the hotel room when it's time for dinner. There are 2 dog friendly restaurants in Waukee, IA! A handful of our favorite sidewalk cafes, coffee shops, bars, and other eateries in Waukee, IA that welcome Fido to join at an outdoor table are listed below. Bon appetit!
Fresh Mediterranean Express
Fresh Mediterranean Express has seven dog-friendly tables outside. The chefs prepare Mediterranean inspired cuisine in a casual cafe setting. The menu includes a lot of pitas, wraps, and salads. If you want to try a selection of items from the Mediterranean menu, you could indulge in one of the fresh platters. This spread includes a salad, hummus, pita, rice, sauteed vegetables, a choice of steak, chicken, falafel, or gyro. Fresh Mediterranean is open Tuesday through Saturday from 11am to 8pm and Sunday from 11am to 2pm.
Dairy Queen is a dog-friendly quick-service food concept serving frozen sweet treats to Waukee locals and tourists alike. A few outdoor tables are available to dog owners with a sweet tooth wanting to indulge alongside Fido. Dairy Queen's menu is comprised of Grillburgers, artisan-style sandwiches, hot dogs, chicken strip baskets, snacks such as Pretzel Sticks with Zesty Queso, Potato Skins, and chicken snack melts, salads, and sides such as fries, onion rings, and cheese curds. Its menu also includes blizzards, hot desserts a la mode, dipped cones, sundaes, cold and blended coffees, shakes, malts, and Orange Julius drinks. A drive-thru window is also available if you don't want to tie your dog up outside while you go in to order.
See More Restaurants
Get out and play! There is 1 dog friendly activity in Waukee, IA. You'll find information on our favorite dog parks, beaches, hiking trails, tours, stores, and lots of other "animal attractions" below.
The Raccoon River Valley Trail is one of 1600 rail-trails supported by Rails-to-Trails Conservancy, a nonprofit organization that is working to create a nationwide network of trails from former rail lines and connecting corridors. Previously an unused railroad corridor, this "rail-trail" is now a great place to walk Fido in Waukee! The map below shows a parking area with convenient access to the Raccoon River Valley Trail. Rails-to-Trails Conservancy has generously provided map data for this trail to Bring Fido for informational purposes only. For more detailed trail information, please visit TrailLink.com.
Visit Website | See all Hiking Trails in Waukee
Traveler Photos
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Sample records for altitude polar orbiting
Investigating the auroral electrojets with low altitude polar orbiting satellites
Moretto, T.; Olsen, Nils; Ritter, P.
Three geomagnetic satellite missions currently provide high precision magnetic field measurements from low altitude polar orbiting spacecraft. We demonstrate how these data can be used to determine the intensity and location of the horizontal currents that flow in the ionosphere, predominantly...... to another event for which the combined measurements of the three satellites provide a comprehensive view of the current systems. The analysis hereof reveals some surprising results concerning the connection between solar wind driver and the resulting ionospheric currents. Specifically, preconditioning.......8-0.9) is observed between the amplitudes of the derived currents and the commonly used auroral electro-jet indices based on magnetic measurements at ground. This points to the potential of defining an auroral activity index based on the satellite observations, which could be useful for space weather monitoring...
T. Moretto
Full Text Available Three geomagnetic satellite missions currently provide high precision magnetic field measurements from low altitude polar orbiting spacecraft. We demonstrate how these data can be used to determine the intensity and location of the horizontal currents that flow in the ionosphere, predominantly in the auroral electrojets. First, we examine the results during a recent geomagnetic storm. The currents derived from two satellites at different altitudes are in very good agreement, which verifies good stability of the method. Further, a very high degree of correlation (correlation coefficients of 0.8–0.9 is observed between the amplitudes of the derived currents and the commonly used auroral electrojet indices based on magnetic measurements at ground. This points to the potential of defining an auroral activity index based on the satellite observations, which could be useful for space weather monitoring. A specific advantage of the satellite observations over the ground-based magnetic measurements is their coverage of the Southern Hemisphere, as well as the Northern. We utilize this in an investigation of the ionospheric currents observed in both polar regions during a period of unusually steady interplanetary magnetic field with a large negative Y-component. A pronounced asymmetry is found between the currents in the two hemispheres, which indicates real inter-hemispheric differences beyond the mirror-asymmetry between hemispheres that earlier studies have revealed. The method is also applied to another event for which the combined measurements of the three satellites provide a comprehensive view of the current systems. The analysis hereof reveals some surprising results concerning the connection between solar wind driver and the resulting ionospheric currents. Specifically, preconditioning of the magnetosphere (history of the interplanetary magnetic field is seen to play an important role, and in the winther hemisphere, it seems to be harder to
Medical Implications of Space Radiation Exposure Due to Low-Altitude Polar Orbits.
Chancellor, Jeffery C; Auñon-Chancellor, Serena M; Charles, John
Space radiation research has progressed rapidly in recent years, but there remain large uncertainties in predicting and extrapolating biological responses to humans. Exposure to cosmic radiation and solar particle events (SPEs) may pose a critical health risk to future spaceflight crews and can have a serious impact on all biomedical aspects of space exploration. The relatively minimal shielding of the cancelled 1960s Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) program's space vehicle and the high inclination polar orbits would have left the crew susceptible to high exposures of cosmic radiation and high dose-rate SPEs that are mostly unpredictable in frequency and intensity. In this study, we have modeled the nominal and off-nominal radiation environment that a MOL-like spacecraft vehicle would be exposed to during a 30-d mission using high performance, multicore computers. Projected doses from a historically large SPE (e.g., the August 1972 solar event) have been analyzed in the context of the MOL orbit profile, providing an opportunity to study its impact to crew health and subsequent contingencies. It is reasonable to presume that future commercial, government, and military spaceflight missions in low-Earth orbit (LEO) will have vehicles with similar shielding and orbital profiles. Studying the impact of cosmic radiation to the mission's operational integrity and the health of MOL crewmembers provides an excellent surrogate and case-study for future commercial and military spaceflight missions.Chancellor JC, Auñon-Chancellor SM, Charles J. Medical implications of space radiation exposure due to low-altitude polar orbits. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(1):3-8.
Stable low-altitude orbits around Ganymede considering a disturbing body in a circular orbit
Cardoso dos Santos, J.; Carvalho, J. P. S.; Vilhena de Moraes, R.
Some missions are being planned to visit Ganymede like the Europa Jupiter System Mission that is a cooperation between NASA and ESA to insert the spacecraft JGO (Jupiter Ganymede Orbiter) into Ganymedes orbit. This comprehension of the dynamics of these orbits around this planetary satellite is essential for the success of this type of mission. Thus, this work aims to perform a search for low-altitude orbits around Ganymede. An emphasis is given in polar orbits and it can be useful in the planning of space missions to be conducted around, with respect to the stability of orbits of artificial satellites. The study considers orbits of artificial satellites around Ganymede under the influence of the third-body (Jupiter's gravitational attraction) and the polygenic perturbations like those due to non-uniform distribution of mass (J_2 and J_3) of the main body. A simplified dynamic model for these perturbations is used. The Lagrange planetary equations are used to describe the orbital motion of the artificial satellite. The equations of motion are developed in closed form to avoid expansions in eccentricity and inclination. The results show the argument of pericenter circulating. However, low-altitude (100 and 150 km) polar orbits are stable. Another orbital elements behaved variating with small amplitudes. Thus, such orbits are convenient to be applied to future space missions to Ganymede. Acknowledgments: FAPESP (processes n° 2011/05671-5, 2012/12539-9 and 2012/21023-6).
Ejectile polarization and nuclear orbitals
Ohnishi, A.; Maruyama, T.; Horiuchi, H.
Ejectile polarization phenomena are studied by the use of 'Quantum Molecular Dynamics plus external mean field' model. It is shown that the far-side contribution increases as the incident energy increases or the target charge decreases. The incident energy and the target dependence of ejectile polarization data is reproduced qualitatively. The near- and far-side contributions themselves are calculated to be almost monotone functions of ejectile momentum as is predicted in a simple projectile fragmentation scheme without the assumption that the linear and angular momentum transfers are negligible, and their statistical average results in various shapes in ejectile polarization
NOAA Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites (POES) Radiometer Data
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite (POES) series offers the advantage of daily global coverage, by making nearly polar orbits 14 times per day...
Earth's external magnetic fields at low orbital altitudes
Klumpar, D. M.
Under our Jun. 1987 proposal, Magnetic Signatures of Near-Earth Distributed Currents, we proposed to render operational a modeling procedure that had been previously developed to compute the magnetic effects of distributed currents flowing in the magnetosphere-ionosphere system. After adaptation of the software to our computing environment we would apply the model to low altitude satellite orbits and would utilize the MAGSAT data suite to guide the analysis. During the first year, basic computer codes to run model systems of Birkeland and ionospheric currents and several graphical output routines were made operational on a VAX 780 in our research facility. Software performance was evaluated using an input matchstick ionospheric current array, field aligned currents were calculated and magnetic perturbations along hypothetical satellite orbits were calculated. The basic operation of the model was verified. Software routines to analyze and display MAGSAT satellite data in terms of deviations with respect to the earth's internal field were also made operational during the first year effort. The complete set of MAGSAT data to be used for evaluation of the models was received at the end of the first year. A detailed annual report in May 1989 described these first year activities completely. That first annual report is included by reference in this final report. This document summarizes our additional activities during the second year of effort and describes the modeling software, its operation, and includes as an attachment the deliverable computer software specified under the contract.
Polarized atomic orbitals for linear scaling methods
Berghold, Gerd; Parrinello, Michele; Hutter, Jürg
We present a modified version of the polarized atomic orbital (PAO) method [M. S. Lee and M. Head-Gordon, J. Chem. Phys. 107, 9085 (1997)] to construct minimal basis sets optimized in the molecular environment. The minimal basis set derives its flexibility from the fact that it is formed as a linear combination of a larger set of atomic orbitals. This approach significantly reduces the number of independent variables to be determined during a calculation, while retaining most of the essential chemistry resulting from the admixture of higher angular momentum functions. Furthermore, we combine the PAO method with linear scaling algorithms. We use the Chebyshev polynomial expansion method, the conjugate gradient density matrix search, and the canonical purification of the density matrix. The combined scheme overcomes one of the major drawbacks of standard approaches for large nonorthogonal basis sets, namely numerical instabilities resulting from ill-conditioned overlap matrices. We find that the condition number of the PAO overlap matrix is independent from the condition number of the underlying extended basis set, and consequently no numerical instabilities are encountered. Various applications are shown to confirm this conclusion and to compare the performance of the PAO method with extended basis-set calculations.
Exploration for fossil and nuclear fuels from orbital altitudes
Short, N. M.
The paper discusses the application of remotely sensed data from orbital satellites to the exploration for fossil and nuclear fuels. Geological applications of Landsat data are described including map editing, lithologic identification, structural geology, and mineral exploration. Specific results in fuel exploration are reviewed and a series of related Landsat images is included.
Polar-Orbiting Satellite (POES) Images
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Visible and Infrared satellite imagery taken from camera systems or radiometer instruments on satellites in orbit around the poles. Satellite campaigns include...
Relativity mission with two counter-orbiting polar satellites
Van Patten, R.A.; Everitt, C.W.F.
In 1918, J. Lense and H. Thirring calculated that a moon in orbit around a massive rotating planet would experience a nodal dragging effect due to general relativity. An experiment to measure this effect with two counter-orbiting drag-free satellites in polar earth orbit is described. For a 2 1 / 2 year experiment, the measurement accuracy should approach 1 percent. In addition to precision tracking data from existing ground stations, satellite-to-satellite Doppler ranging data are taken at points of passing near the poles. New geophysical information on both earth harmonics and tidal effects is inherent in the polar ranging data. (auth)
Magnetic-field fluctuations from 0 to 26 Hz observed from a polar-orbiting satellite
Erlandson, R.E.; Zanetti, L.J.; Potemra, T.A.
The polar orbit of the Viking satellite provides a unique opportunity to obtain observations of magnetic fluctuations at mid-altitudes on the dayside of the magnetosphere and in the polar-cusp region. One type of magnetic-field fluctuation, observed in the dayside magnetosphere, was Pc 1 waves. Pc 1 waves are in the electromagnetic ion-cyclotron mode and are generated by anisotropies in energetic ion distributions. The waves are thought to be generated near the equator and to propagate large distances along magnetic-field lines. Most observations of Pc 1 waves have been obtained near the equator using geosynchronous satellites and on the surface of the earth. The Viking observations provide an opportunity to observe Pc 1 waves at mid-latitudes above the ionosphere and to determine the spectral structure and polarization of the waves. ULF/ELF broadband noise represents a second type of magnetic fluctuation acquired by Viking. This type of magnetic fluctuation was observed at high latitudes near the polar cusp and may be useful in the identification of polar-cusp boundaries. Thirdly, electromagnetic ion-cyclotron waves have also been observed in the polar-cusp region. These waves occur only during an unusually high level of magnetic activity and appear to be generated locally
Monitoring Mars LOD Variations from a High Altitude Circular Equatorial Orbit: Theory and Simulation
Barriot, J.; Dehant, V.; Duron, J.
We compute the perturbations of a high altitude circular equatorial orbit of a martian probe under the influence of an annual variation of the martian lenght of day. For this purpose, we use the first order perturbations of the newtonian equations of motion, where the small parameter is given from the hourglass model of Chao and Rubincam, which allow a simple computation of CO2 exchanges during the martian year. We are able to demonstrate that the perturbations contains two components: the first one is a sine/cosine modulation at the orbit frequency, the second one is composed of terms of the form exp(t)*sin(t), so the orbit may not stable in the long term (several martian years), with perturbations growing exponentially. We give the full theory and numbers.
Orbit Correction for the Newly Developed Polarization-Switching Undulator
Obina, Takashi; Honda, Tohru; Shioya, Tatsuro; Kobayashi, Yukinori; Tsuchiya, Kimichika; Yamamoto, Shigeru
A new scheme of undulator magnet arrangements has been proposed and developed as a polarization-switching radiation source, and its test-stand was installed in the 2.5-GeV Photon Factory storage ring (PF ring) in order to investigate the effects on the beam orbit. The closed orbit distortion (COD) over 200 μm was produced in a vertical direction when we switched the polarization of the radiation from the test-stand. In a horizontal direction, the COD was less than 50μm. The results agreed well with the predictions from the magnetic-field measurement on the bench. In order to suppress the CODs and realize a stable operation of the ring with the polarization-switching, we developed an orbit correction system which consists of an encoder to detect motion of magnets, a pair of beam position monitors (BPMs), signal processing parts, and a pair of steering magnets. We succeeded in suppressing the CODs to the level below 3μm using the system even when we switch the polarization at a maximum frequency of 0.8 Hz.
Prototype detector development for measurement of high altitude Martian dust using a future orbiter platform
Pabari, Jayesh; Patel, Darshil; Chokhawala, Vimmi; Bogavelly, Anvesh
Dust devils mostly occur during the mid of Southern hemisphere summer on Mars and play a key role in the background dust opacity. Due to continuous bombardment of micrometeorites, secondary ejecta come out from the Moons of the Mars and can easily escape. This phenomenon can contribute dust around the Moons and therefore, also around the Mars. Similar to the Moons of the Earth, the surfaces of the Martian Moons get charged and cause the dust levitation to occur, adding to the possible dust source. Also, interplanetary dust particles may be able to reach the Mars and contribute further. It is hypothesized that the high altitude Martian dust could be in the form of a ring or tori around the Mars. However, no such rings have been detected to the present day. Typically, width and height of the dust torus is ~5 Mars radii wide (~16950 km) in both the planes as reported in the literature. Recently, very high altitude dust at about 1000 km has been found by MAVEN mission and it is expected that the dust may be concentrated at about 150 to 500 km. However, a langmuir probe cannot explain the source of such dust particles. It is a puzzling question to the space scientist how dust has reached to such high altitudes. A dedicated dust instrument on future Mars orbiter may be helpful to address such issues. To study origin, abundance, distribution and seasonal variation of Martian dust, a Mars Orbit Dust Experiment (MODEX) is proposed. In order to measure the Martian dust from a future orbiter, design of a prototype of an impact ionization dust detector has been initiated at PRL. This paper presents developmental aspects of the prototype dust detector and initial results. The further work is underway.
Chorus observations by the Polar spacecraft near the mid-altitude cusp
Menietti, J. D.; SantolÃk, OndÅ™ej; Abaci, P. C.
Ro�. 57, �. 12 (2009), s. 1412-1418 ISSN 0032-0633 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA301120601 Grant - others:NSF(US) ATM-04-43531; NASA (US) NNG05GM52G.; GA MŠk(CZ) ME 842 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z30420517 Keywords : chorus * mid-altitude cusp * Polar spacecraft Subject RIV: BL - Plasma and Gas Discharge Physics Impact factor: 2.067, year: 2009
Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite Polarization Sensitivity Analysis
Sun, Junqiang; Xiong, Xiaoxiong; Waluschka, Eugene; Wang, Menghua
The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) is one of five instruments onboard the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite that launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, on October 28, 2011. It is a whiskbroom radiometer that provides +/-56.28deg scans of the Earth view. It has 22 bands, among which 14 are reflective solar bands (RSBs). The RSBs cover a wavelength range from 410 to 2250 nm. The RSBs of a remote sensor are usually sensitive to the polarization of incident light. For VIIRS, it is specified that the polarization factor should be smaller than 3% for 410 and 862 nm bands and 2.5% for other RSBs for the scan angle within +/-45deg. Several polarization sensitivity tests were performed prelaunch for SNPP VIIRS. The first few tests either had large uncertainty or were less reliable, while the last one was believed to provide the more accurate information about the polarization property of the instrument. In this paper, the measured data in the last polarization sensitivity test are analyzed, and the polarization factors and phase angles are derived from the measurements for all the RSBs. The derived polarization factors and phase angles are band, detector, and scan angle dependent. For near-infrared bands, they also depend on the half-angle mirror side. Nevertheless, the derived polarization factors are all within the specification, although the strong detector dependence of the polarization parameters was not expected. Compared to the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer on both Aqua and Terra satellites, the polarization effect on VIIRS RSB is much smaller.
Spin-orbit controlled capacitance of a polar heterostructure
Steffen, Kevin; Kopp, Thilo [Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, EP VI, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg (Germany); Loder, Florian [Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, EP VI and TP III, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg (Germany)
Oxide heterostructures with polar films display special electronic properties, such as the electronic reconstruction at their internal interfaces with the formation of two-dimensional metallic states. Moreover, the electrical field from the polar layers is inversion-symmetry breaking and may generate a strong Rashba spin-orbit coupling (RSOC) in the interfacial electronic system. We investigate the capacitance of a heterostructure in which a strong RSOC at a metallic interface is controlled by the electric field of a surface electrode. Such a structure is for example given by a LaAlO{sub 3} film on a SrTiO{sub 3} substrate which is gated by a top electrode. We find that due to a strong RSOC the capacitance can be larger than the classical geometric value.
High-resolution Ceres Low Altitude Mapping Orbit Atlas derived from Dawn Framing Camera images
Roatsch, Th.; Kersten, E.; Matz, K.-D.; Preusker, F.; Scholten, F.; Jaumann, R.; Raymond, C. A.; Russell, C. T.
The Dawn spacecraft Framing Camera (FC) acquired over 31,300 clear filter images of Ceres with a resolution of about 35 m/pxl during the eleven cycles in the Low Altitude Mapping Orbit (LAMO) phase between December 16 2015 and August 8 2016. We ortho-rectified the images from the first four cycles and produced a global, high-resolution, uncontrolled photomosaic of Ceres. This global mosaic is the basis for a high-resolution Ceres atlas that consists of 62 tiles mapped at a scale of 1:250,000. The nomenclature used in this atlas was proposed by the Dawn team and was approved by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). The full atlas is available to the public through the Dawn Geographical Information System (GIS) web page [http://dawngis.dlr.de/atlas] and will become available through the NASA Planetary Data System (PDS) (http://pdssbn.astro.umd.edu/).
Electrical polarization and orbital magnetization: the modern theories
Resta, Raffaele
Macroscopic polarization P and magnetization M are the most fundamental concepts in any phenomenological description of condensed media. They are intensive vector quantities that intuitively carry the meaning of dipole per unit volume. But for many years both P and the orbital term in M evaded even a precise microscopic definition, and severely challenged quantum-mechanical calculations. If one reasons in terms of a finite sample, the electric (magnetic) dipole is affected in an extensive way by charges (currents) at the sample boundary, due to the presence of the unbounded position operator in the dipole definitions. Therefore P and the orbital term in M-phenomenologically known as bulk properties-apparently behave as surface properties; only spin magnetization is problemless. The field has undergone a genuine revolution since the early 1990s. Contrary to a widespread incorrect belief, P has nothing to do with the periodic charge distribution of the polarized crystal: the former is essentially a property of the phase of the electronic wavefunction, while the latter is a property of its modulus. Analogously, the orbital term in M has nothing to do with the periodic current distribution in the magnetized crystal. The modern theory of polarization, based on a Berry phase, started in the early 1990s and is now implemented in most first-principle electronic structure codes. The analogous theory for orbital magnetization started in 2005 and is partly work in progress. In the electrical case, calculations have concerned various phenomena (ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity, and lattice dynamics) in several materials, and are in spectacular agreement with experiments; they have provided thorough understanding of the behaviour of ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials. In the magnetic case the very first calculations are appearing at the time of writing (2010). Here I review both theories on a uniform ground in a density functional theory (DFT) framework, pointing out
Identifications of the polar cap boundary and the auroral belt in the high-altitude magnetosphere: a model for field-aligned currents
Sugiura, M.
By means of the Ogo 5 Goddard Space Flight Center fluxgate magnetometer data the polar cap boundary is identified in the high-altitude magnetosphere by a sudden transition from a dipolar field to a more taillike configuration. It is inferred that there exists a field-aligned-current layer at the polar cap boundary. In the night side magnetosphere the polar cap boundary is identified as the high-latitude boundary of the plasma sheet. The field-aligned current flows downward to the ionosphere on the morning side of the magnetosphere and upward from the ionosphere on the afternoon side. The basic pattern of the magnetic field variations observed during the satellite's traversal of the auroral belt is presented. Currents flow in opposite directions in the two field-aligned-current layers. The current directions in these layers as observed by Ogo 5 in the high-altitude magnetosphere are the same as those observed at low altitudes by the polar-orbiting Triad satellite (Armstrong and Zmuda, 1973). The magnetic field in the region where the lower-latitude field-aligned-current layer is situated is essentially meridional. A model is presented in which two field-aligned-current systems, one at the polar cap boundary and the other on the low-latitude part of the auroral belt, are main []y connected by ionospheric currents flowing across the auroral belt. The existence of field-aligned currents deduced from the Ogo 5 observations is a permanent feature of the magnetosphere. Intensifications of the field-aligned currents and occurrences of multiple pairs of field-aligned-current layers characterize the disturbed conditions of these regions
Signatures of the high-altitude polar cusp and dayside auroral regions as seen by the Viking electric field experiment
Marklund, G.T.; Blomberg, L.G.; Faelthammar, C.G.; Erlandson, R.E.; Potemra, T.A.
Electric field and satellite potential observations along 42 Viking orbits in the high-altitude (2R E ) polar cusp and dayside auroral region have been examined. Within the cusp the plasma density usually reaches a maximum, and it is typically very homogeneous, in contrast to the irregular and lower density in the cleft and dayside auroral regions. The maxima in the plasma density are sometimes anticorrelated with the magnetic field strength, indicating a diamagnetic effect. The entire cusp and dayside auroral regions are characterized by irregular and burstlike electric fields, comprising field reversals on various scales (up to 3 min or 500 km), the larger scales, however, being rare in the cusp. Another common feature in these regions is the high correlation between mutually orthogonal components of the electric and magnetic fields, both for large-scale variations across spatial structures and for wave and pulsations in the ULF frequency range. The electric field signatures in the cusp (in the 1100-1300 MLT sector) are, however, characteristically different from the cleft and oval field signatures in that the electric field is usually less intense and less structured and not correlated with the substorm activity level
The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System
Bloom, H.
The tri-agency Integrated Program Office (IPO) is responsible for managing the development of the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS). NPOESS will replace the current military and civilian operational polar-orbiting ``weather'' satellites. The Northrop Grumman Space Technology - Raytheon team was competitively selected in 2002 as the Acquisition and Operations contractor team to develop, integrate, deploy, and operate NPOESS satellites to meet the tri-agency user requirements for NPOESS over the 10-year (2009-2018) operational life of the program. Beginning in 2009, NPOESS spacecraft will be launched into three orbital planes to provide significantly improved operational capabilities and benefits to satisfy critical civil and national security requirements for space-based, remotely sensed environmental data. With the development of NPOESS, we are evolving operational ``weather'' satellites into integrated environmental observing systems by expanding our capabilities to observe, assess, and predict the total Earth system - atmosphere, ocean, land, and the space environment. In recent years, the operational weather forecasting and climate science communities have levied more rigorous requirements on space-based observations of the Earth's system that have significantly increased demands on performance of the instruments, spacecraft, and ground systems required to deliver NPOESS data, products, and information to end users. The ``end-to-end'' system consists of: the spacecraft; instruments and sensors on the spacecraft; launch support capabilities; the command, control, communications, and data routing infrastructure; and data processing hardware and software. NPOESS will observe significantly more phenomena simultaneously from space than its operational predecessors. NPOESS is expected to deliver large volumes of more accurate measurements at higher spatial (horizontal and vertical) and temporal resolution at much higher data
Characterization of cosmic rays and direction dependence in the Polar Region up to 88 km altitude
Zábori Balázs
Full Text Available Aims: The sounding rocket experiment REM-RED was developed to operate on board the REXUS-17 rocket in order to measure the intensity of cosmic rays. The experiment was launched from the ESRANGE Space Center (68 °N, 21 °E on the 17th of March 2015 at the beginning of the most intense geomagnetic storm within the preceding 10 years. The experiment provided the opportunity to measure the intensity of cosmic rays in the Polar Region up to an altitude of 88 km above sea level. Methods: The experiment employed Geiger-Müller (GM counters oriented with their axes perpendicular to each other in order to measure the cosmic ray intensity during the flight of the rocket. This measurement setup allowed performing direction-sensitive measurements as well. During the ascent phase the rocket was spinning and hence stabilized along its longitudinal axis looking close to the zenith direction. This phase of the flight was used for studying the direction dependence of the charged particle component of the cosmic rays. Results: In comparison with earlier, similar rocket experiments performed with GM tubes at lower geomagnetic latitudes, significantly higher cosmic radiation flux was measured above 50 km. A non-isotropic behavior was found below 50 km and described in detail for the first time in the Polar Region. This behavior is in good agreement with the results of the TECHDOSE experiment that used the same type of GM tubes on board the BEXUS-14 stratospheric balloon.
Localized electron density enhancements in the high-altitude polar ionosphere and their relationships with storm-enhanced density (SED plumes and polar tongues of ionization (TOI
Y. Kitanoya
Full Text Available Events of localized electron density increase in the high-altitude (>3000 km polar ionosphere are occasionally identified by the thermal plasma instruments on the Akebono satellite. In this paper, we investigate the vertical density structure in one of such events in detail using simultaneous observations by the Akebono and DMSP F15 satellites, the SuperDARN radars, and a network of ground Global Positioning System (GPS receivers, and the statistical characteristics of a large number (>10 000 of such events using Akebono data over half of an 11-year solar cycle. At Akebono altitude, the parallel drift velocity is remarkably low and the O+ ion composition ratio remarkably high, inside the high plasma-density regions at high altitude. Detailed comparisons between Akebono, DMSP ion velocity and density, and GPS total electron content (TEC data suggest that the localized plasma density increase observed at high altitude on Akebono was likely connected with the polar tongue of ionization (TOI and/or storm enhanced density (SED plume observed in the F-region ionosphere. Together with the SuperDARN plasma convection map these data suggest that the TOI/SED plume penetrated into the polar cap due to anti-sunward convection and the plume existed in the same convection channel as the dense plasma at high altitude; in other words, the two were probably connected to each other by the convecting magnetic field lines. The observed features are consistent with the observed high-density plasma being transported from the mid-latitude ionosphere or plasmasphere and unlikely a part of the polar wind population.
Joint Polar Satellite System: the United States New Generation Civilian Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite System
Mandt, G.
The Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) is the Nation's advanced series of polar-orbiting environmental satellites. JPSS represents significant technological and scientific advancements in observations used for severe weather prediction and environmental monitoring. The Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) is providing state-of-the art atmospheric, oceanographic, and environmental data, as the first of the JPSS satellites while the second in the series, J-1, is scheduled to launch in October 2017. The JPSS baseline consists of a suite of four instruments: an advanced microwave and infrared sounders which are critical for weather forecasting; a leading-edge visible and infrared imager critical to data sparse areas such as Alaska and needed for environmental assessments such as snow/ice cover, droughts, volcanic ash, forest fires and surface temperature; and an ozone sensor primarily used for global monitoring of ozone and input to weather and climate models. The same suite of instruments that are on JPSS-1 will be on JPSS-2, 3 and 4. The JPSS-2 instruments are well into their assembly and test phases and are scheduled to be completed in 2018. The JPSS-2 spacecraft critical design review (CDR) is scheduled for 2Q 2018 with the launch in 2021. The sensors for the JPSS-3 and 4 spacecraft have been approved to enter into their acquisition phases. JPSS partnership with the US National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) continues to provide a strong foundation for the program's success. JPSS also continues to maintain its important international relationships with European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). JPSS works closely with its user community through the Proving Ground and Risk Reduction (PGRR) Program to identify opportunities to maximize the operational application of current JPSS capabilities. The PGRR Program also helps identify and evaluate the use of JPSS
Interrogation of orbital structure by elliptically polarized intense femtosecond laser pulses
Abu-samha, M.; Madsen, L. B.
We solve the three-dimensional time-dependent Schroedinger equation and present investigations of the imprint of the orbital angular node in photoelectron momentum distributions of an aligned atomic p-type orbital following ionization by an intense elliptically polarized laser pulse of femtosecond duration. We investigate the role of light ellipticity and the alignment angle of the major polarization axis of the external field relative to the probed orbital by studying radial and angular momentum distributions, the latter at a fixed narrow interval of final momenta close to the peak of the photoelectron momentum distribution. In general only the angular distributions carry a clear signature of the orbital symmetry. Our study shows that circular polarization gives the most clear imprints of orbital nodes. These findings are insensitive to pulse duration.
Abu-Samha, Mahmoud; Madsen, Lars Bojer
We solve the three-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation and present investigations of the imprint of the orbital angular node in photoelectron momentum distributions of an aligned atomic p-type orbital following ionization by an intense elliptically polarized laser pulse of femtosecond...
GPS Low Cross-polarization Antenna Array for Orbit Determination beyond Geostationary Earth Orbits
National Aeronautics and Space Administration — This work will expand on the recent successes of Navigator on MMS, opening new and unforeseen possibilities for the use of GPS for very high-altitude applications up...
Current-induced spin polarization in a spin-polarized two-dimensional electron gas with spin-orbit coupling
Wang, C.M.; Pang, M.Q.; Liu, S.Y.; Lei, X.L.
The current-induced spin polarization (CISP) is investigated in a combined Rashba-Dresselhaus spin-orbit-coupled two-dimensional electron gas, subjected to a homogeneous out-of-plane magnetization. It is found that, in addition to the usual collision-related in-plane parts of CISP, there are two impurity-density-free contributions, arising from intrinsic and disorder-mediated mechanisms. The intrinsic parts of spin polarization are related to the Berry curvature, analogous with the anomalous and spin Hall effects. For short-range collision, the disorder-mediated spin polarizations completely cancel the intrinsic ones and the total in-plane components of CISP equal those for systems without magnetization. However, for remote disorders, this cancellation does not occur and the total in-plane components of CISP strongly depend on the spin-orbit interaction coefficients and magnetization for both pure Rashba and combined Rashba-Dresselhaus models.
Ionic Potential and Band Narrowing as a Source of Orbital Polarization in Nickelate/Insulator Superlattices
Georgescu, Alexandru B.; Disa, Ankit S.; Kumah, Divine P.; Ismail-Beigi, Sohrab; Walker, Frederick J.; Ahn, Charles H.
Nickelate interfaces display complex, interacting electronic properties such as thickness dependent metal-insulator transitions. One large body of effort involving nickelates has aimed to split the energies of the Ni 3d orbitals (orbital polarization) to make the resulting band structure resemble that of cuprate superconductors. The most commonly studied interfacial system involves superlattices of alternating nickelate and insulating perovksite-structure layers; the resulting orbital polarization at the nickelate-insulator interface is understood as being due to confinement or structural symmetry breaking. By using first principles theory on the NdNiO3/NdAlO3 superlattice, we show that another important source of orbital polarization stems from electrostatic effects: the more ionic nature of the cations in the insulator (when compared to the nickelate) can shift the relative orbital energies of the Ni. We use density functional theory (DFT) and add electronic correlations via slave-bosons to describe the effect of correlation-induced band narrowing on the orbital polarization. Work supported by NSF Grant MRSEC DMR-1119826.
Spin-orbit torque induced magnetic vortex polarity reversal utilizing spin-Hall effect
Li, Cheng; Cai, Li; Liu, Baojun; Yang, Xiaokuo; Cui, Huanqing; Wang, Sen; Wei, Bo
We propose an effective magnetic vortex polarity reversal scheme that makes use of spin-orbit torque introduced by spin-Hall effect in heavy-metal/ferromagnet multilayers structure, which can result in subnanosecond polarity reversal without endangering the structural stability. Micromagnetic simulations are performed to investigate the spin-Hall effect driven dynamics evolution of magnetic vortex. The mechanism of magnetic vortex polarity reversal is uncovered by a quantitative analysis of exchange energy density, magnetostatic energy density, and their total energy density. The simulation results indicate that the magnetic vortex polarity is reversed through the nucleation-annihilation process of topological vortex-antivortex pair. This scheme is an attractive option for ultra-fast magnetic vortex polarity reversal, which can be used as the guidelines for the choice of polarity reversal scheme in vortex-based random access memory.
Spin-polarized spin-orbit-split quantum-well states in a metal film
Varykhalov, Andrei; Sanchez-Barriga, Jaime; Gudat, Wolfgang; Eberhardt, Wolfgang; Rader, Oliver [BESSY Berlin (Germany); Shikin, Alexander M. [St. Petersburg State University (Russian Federation)
Elements with high atomic number Z lead to a large spin-orbit coupling. Such materials can be used to create spin-polarized electronic states without the presence of a ferromagnet or an external magnetic field if the solid exhibits an inversion asymmetry. We create large spin-orbit splittings using a tungsten crystal as substrate and break the structural inversion symmetry through deposition of a gold quantum film. Using spin- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, it is demonstrated that quantum-well states forming in the gold film are spin-orbit split and spin polarized up to a thickness of at least 10 atomic layers. This is a considerable progress as compared to the current literature which reports spin-orbit split states at metal surfaces which are either pure or covered by at most a monoatomic layer of adsorbates.
Environmental Satellites: Polar-orbiting Satellite Acquisition Faces Delays; Decisions Needed on Whether and How to Ensure Climate Data Continuity
The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) is a triagency acquisition managed by the Department of Commerce s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA...
Environmental Satellites. Polar-orbiting Satellite Acquisition Faces Delays; Decisions Needed on Whether and How to Ensure Climate Data Continuity
The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) is a triagency acquisition managed by the Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA...
Lesions to polar/orbital prefrontal cortex selectively impair reasoning about emotional material.
Goel, Vinod; Lam, Elaine; Smith, Kathleen W; Goel, Amit; Raymont, Vanessa; Krueger, Frank; Grafman, Jordan
While it is widely accepted that lesions to orbital prefrontal cortex lead to emotion related disruptions and poor decision-making, there is very little patient data on this issue involving actual logical reasoning tasks. We tested patients with circumscribed, focal lesions largely confined to polar/orbital prefrontal cortex (BA 10 & 11) (N=17) on logical reasoning tasks involving neutral and emotional content, and compared their performance to that of an age and education-matched normal control group (N=22) and a posterior lesion control group (N=24). Our results revealed a significant group by content interaction driven by a selective impairment in the polar/orbital prefrontal cortex group compared to healthy normal controls and to the parietal patient group, in the emotional content reasoning trials. Subsequent analyses of congruent and incongruent reasoning trials indicated that this impairment was driven by the poor performance of patients with polar/orbital lesions in the incongruent trials. We conclude that the polar/orbital prefrontal cortex plays a critical role in filtering emotionally charged content from the material before it is passed on to the reasoning system in lateral/dorsal regions of prefrontal cortex. Where unfiltered content is passed to the reasoning engine, either as a result of pathology (as in the case of our patients) or as a result of individual differences, reasoning performance suffers. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Circular-Polarization-Selective Transmission Induced by Spin-Orbit Coupling in a Helical Tape Waveguide
Liu, Yahong; Guo, Qinghua; Liu, Hongchao; Liu, Congcong; Song, Kun; Yang, Biao; Hou, Quanwen; Zhao, Xiaopeng; Zhang, Shuang; Navarro-CÃa, Miguel
Spin-orbit coupling of light, describing the interaction between the polarization (spin) and spatial degrees of freedom (orbit) of light, plays an important role in subwavelength scale systems and leads to many interesting phenomena, such as the spin Hall effect of light. Here, based on the spin-orbit coupling, we design and fabricate a helical tape waveguide (HTW), which can realize a circular-polarization-selective process. When the incident circularly polarized wave is of the same handedness as the helix of the HTW, a nearly complete transmission is observed; in contrast, a counterrotating circular polarization of incident wave results in a much lower transmission or is even totally blocked by the HTW. Indeed, both simulations and experiments reveal that the blocked component of power leaks through the helical aperture of the HTW and forms a conical beam analogous to helical Cherenkov radiation due to the conversion from the spin angular momentum to the orbital angular momentum. Our HTW structure demonstrates its potential as a polarization selector in a broadband frequency range.
Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves in the High Altitude Cusp: Polar Observations
Le, Guan; Blanco-Cano, X.; Russell, C. T.; Zhou, X.-W.; Mozer, F.; Trattner, K. J.; Fuselier, S. A.; Anderson, B. J.; Vondrak, Richard R. (Technical Monitor)
High-resolution magnetic field data from the Polar Magnetic Field Experiment (MFE) show that narrow band waves at frequencies approximately 0.2 to 3 Hz are a permanent feature in the vicinity of the polar cusp. The waves have been found in the magnetosphere adjacent to the cusp (both poleward and equatorward of the cusp) and in the cusp itself. The occurrence of waves is coincident with depression of magnetic field strength associated with enhanced plasma density, indicating the entry of magnetosheath plasma into the cusp region. The wave frequencies are generally scaled by the local proton cyclotron frequency, and vary between 0.2 and 1.7 times local proton cyclotron frequency. This suggests that the waves are generated in the cusp region by the precipitating magnetosheath plasma. The properties of the waves are highly variable. The waves exhibit both lefthanded and right-handed polarization in the spacecraft frame. The propagation angles vary from nearly parallel to nearly perpendicular to the magnetic field. We find no correlation among wave frequency, propagation angle and polarization. Combined magnetic field and electric field data for the waves indicate that the energy flux of the waves is guided by the background magnetic field and points downward toward the ionosphere.
Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves in the High-Altitude Cusp: Polar Observations
Le, G.; Blanco-Cano, X.; Russell, C. T.; Zhou, X.-W.; Mozer, F.; Trattner, K. J.; Fuselier, S. A.; Anderson, B. J.
High-resolution magnetic field data from the Polar Magnetic Field Experiment (MFE) show that narrow-band waves at frequencies approx. 0.2-3 Hz are a permanent feature in the vicinity of the polar cusp. The waves have been found in the magnetosphere adjacent to the cusp (both poleward and equatorward of the cusp) and in the cusp itself. The occurrence of waves is coincident with depression of magnetic field strength associated with enhanced plasma density, indicating the entry of magnetosheath plasma into the cusp region. The wave frequencies are generally scaled by the local proton cyclotron frequency and vary between 0.2 and 1.7 times local proton cyclotron frequency. This suggests that the waves are generated in the cusp region by the precipitating magnetosheath plasma. The properties of the waves are highly variable. The waves exhibit both left-handed and right-handed polarization in the spacecraft frame. The propagation angles vary from nearly parallel to nearly perpendicular to the magnetic field. We find no correlation among wave frequency, propagation angle, and polarization. Combined magnetic field and electric field data for the waves indicate that the energy flux of the waves is guided by the background magnetic field and points downward toward the ionosphere.
Statistics of a parallel Poynting vector in the auroral zone as a function of altitude using Polar EFI and MFE data and Astrid-2 EMMA data
P. Janhunen
Full Text Available We study the wave-related (AC and static (DC parallel Poynting vector (Poynting energy flux as a function of altitude in auroral field lines using Polar EFI and MFE data. The study is statistical and contains 5 years of data in the altitude range 5000–30000 km. We verify the low altitude part of the results by comparison with earlier Astrid-2 EMMA Poynting vector statistics at 1000 km altitude. The EMMA data are also used to statistically compensate the Polar results for the missing zonal electric field component. We compare the Poynting vector with previous statistical DMSP satellite data concerning the electron precipitation power. We find that the AC Poynting vector (Alfvén-wave related Poynting vector is statistically not sufficient to power auroral electron precipitation, although it may, for Kp>2, power 25–50% of it. The statistical AC Poynting vector also has a stepwise transition at R=4 RE, so that its amplitude increases with increasing altitude. We suggest that this corresponds to Alfvén waves being in Landau resonance with electrons, so that wave-induced electron acceleration takes place at this altitude range, which was earlier named the Alfvén Resonosphere (ARS. The DC Poynting vector is ~3 times larger than electron precipitation and corresponds mainly to ionospheric Joule heating. In the morning sector (02:00–06:00 MLT we find that the DC Poynting vector has a nontrivial altitude profile such that it decreases by a factor of ~2 when moving upward from 3 to 4 RE radial distance. In other nightside MLT sectors the altitude profile is more uniform. The morning sector nontrivial altitude profile may be due to divergence of the perpendicular Poynting vector field at R=3–4 RE. Keywords. Magnetospheric physics (Auroral phenomena; Magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions – Space plasma physics (Wave-particle interactions
Spin-orbit-induced spin splittings in polar transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers
Cheng, Yingchun
The Rashba effect in quasi two-dimensional materials, such as noble metal surfaces and semiconductor heterostructures, has been investigated extensively, while interest in real two-dimensional systems has just emerged with the discovery of graphene. We present ab initio electronic structure, phonon, and molecular-dynamics calculations to study the structural stability and spin-orbit-induced spin splitting in the transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers MXY (M = Mo, W and X, Y = S, Se, Te). In contrast to the non-polar systems with X = Y, in the polar systems with X ≠Y the Rashba splitting at the Γ-point for the uppermost valence band is caused by the broken mirror symmetry. An enhancement of the splitting can be achieved by increasing the spin-orbit coupling and/or the potential gradient. © Copyright EPLA, 2013.
Spin polarization of tunneling current in barriers with spin-orbit coupling
Fujita, T; Jalil, M B A; Tan, S G
We present a general method for evaluating the maximum transmitted spin polarization and optimal spin axis for an arbitrary spin-orbit coupling (SOC) barrier system, in which the spins lie in the azimuthal plane and finite spin polarization is achieved by wavevector filtering of electrons. Besides momentum filtering, another prerequisite for finite spin polarization is asymmetric occupation or transmission probabilities of the eigenstates of the SOC Hamiltonian. This is achieved most efficiently by resonant tunneling through multiple SOC barriers. We apply our analysis to common SOC mechanisms in semiconductors: pure bulk Dresselhaus SOC, heterostructures with mixed Dresselhaus and Rashba SOC and strain-induced SOC. In particular, we find that the interplay between Dresselhaus and Rashba SOC effects can yield several advantageous features for spin filter and spin injector functions, such as increased robustness to wavevector spread of electrons
Spin polarization of tunneling current in barriers with spin-orbit coupling.
We present a general method for evaluating the maximum transmitted spin polarization and optimal spin axis for an arbitrary spin-orbit coupling (SOC) barrier system, in which the spins lie in the azimuthal plane and finite spin polarization is achieved by wavevector filtering of electrons. Besides momentum filtering, another prerequisite for finite spin polarization is asymmetric occupation or transmission probabilities of the eigenstates of the SOC Hamiltonian. This is achieved most efficiently by resonant tunneling through multiple SOC barriers. We apply our analysis to common SOC mechanisms in semiconductors: pure bulk Dresselhaus SOC, heterostructures with mixed Dresselhaus and Rashba SOC and strain-induced SOC. In particular, we find that the interplay between Dresselhaus and Rashba SOC effects can yield several advantageous features for spin filter and spin injector functions, such as increased robustness to wavevector spread of electrons.
Wave particle interactions in the high-altitude polar cusp: a Cluster case study
B. Grison
Full Text Available On 23 March 2002, the four Cluster spacecraft crossed in close configuration (~100 km separation the high-altitude (10 RE cusp region. During a large part of the crossing, the STAFF and EFW instruments have detected strong electromagnetic wave activity at low frequencies, especially when intense field-aligned proton fluxes were detected by the CIS/HIA instrument. In all likelihood, such fluxes correspond to newly-reconnected field lines. A focus on one of these ion injection periods highlights the interaction between waves and protons. The wave activity has been investigated using the k-filtering technique. Experimental dispersion relations have been built in the plasma frame for the two most energetic wave modes. Results show that kinetic Alfvén waves dominate the electromagnetic wave spectrum up to 1 Hz (in the spacecraft frame. Above 0.8 Hz, intense Bernstein waves are also observed. The close simultaneity observed between the wave and particle events is discussed as an evidence for local wave generation. A mechanism based on current instabilities is consistent with the observations of the kinetic Alfvén waves. A weak ion heating along the recently-opened field lines is also suggested from the examination of the ion distribution functions. During an injection event, a large plasma convection motion, indicative of a reconnection site location, is shown to be consistent with the velocity perturbation induced by the large-scale Alfvén wave simultaneously detected.
A planet in a polar orbit of 1.4 solar-mass star
Guenther E.W.
Full Text Available Although more than a thousand transiting extrasolar planets have been discovered, only very few of them orbit stars that are more massive than the Sun. The discovery of such planets is interesting, because they have formed in disks that are more massive but had a shorter life time than those of solar-like stars. Studies of planets more massive than the Sun thus tell us how the properties of the proto-planetary disks effect the formation of planets. Another aspect that makes these planets interesting is that they have kept their original orbital inclinations. By studying them we can thus find out whether the orbital axes planets are initially aligned to the stars rotational axes, or not. Here we report on the discovery of a planet of a 1.4 solar-mass star with a period of 5.6 days in a polar orbit made by CoRoT. This new planet thus is one of the few known close-in planets orbiting a star that is substantially more massive than the Sun.
National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Design and Architecture
Hinnant, F.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department of Defense (DoD), and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) are jointly acquiring the next-generation weather and environmental satellite system - the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS). NPOESS will replace the current Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites (POES) managed by NOAA and the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) managed by the DoD and will provide continuity for the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) with the launch of the NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP). This poster will provide an overview of the NPOESS architecture, which includes four segments. The space segment includes satellites in two orbits that carry a suite of sensors to collect meteorological, oceanographic, climatological, and solar-geophysical observations of the Earth, atmosphere, and near-Earth space environment. The NPOESS design allows centralized mission management and delivers high quality environmental products to military, civil and scientific users through a Command, Control, and Communication Segment (C3S). The data processing for NPOESS is accomplished through an Interface Data Processing Segment (IDPS)/Field Terminal Segment (FTS) that processes NPOESS satellite data to provide environmental data products to NOAA and DoD processing centers operated by the United States government as well as to remote terminal users. The Launch Support Segment completes the four segments that make up NPOESS that will enhance the connectivity between research and operations and provide critical operational and scientific environmental measurements to military, civil, and scientific users until 2026.
Monte Carlo simulations of the secondary neutron ambient and effective dose equivalent rates from surface to suborbital altitudes and low Earth orbit.
El-Jaby, Samy; Richardson, Richard B
Occupational exposures from ionizing radiation are currently regulated for airline travel (Earth orbit (∼300-400 km). Aircrew typically receive between 1 and 6 mSv of occupational dose annually, while aboard the International Space Station, the area radiation dose equivalent measured over just 168 days was 106 mSv at solar minimum conditions. It is anticipated that space tourism vehicles will reach suborbital altitudes of approximately 100 km and, therefore, the annual occupational dose to flight crew during repeated transits is expected to fall somewhere between those observed for aircrew and astronauts. Unfortunately, measurements of the radiation environment at the high altitudes reached by suborbital vehicles are sparse, and modelling efforts have been similarly limited. In this paper, preliminary MCNPX radiation transport code simulations are developed of the secondary neutron flux profile in air from surface altitudes up to low Earth orbit at solar minimum conditions and excluding the effects of spacecraft shielding. These secondary neutrons are produced by galactic cosmic radiation interacting with Earth's atmosphere and are among the sources of radiation that can pose a health risk. Associated estimates of the operational neutron ambient dose equivalent, used for radiation protection purposes, and the neutron effective dose equivalent that is typically used for estimates of stochastic health risks, are provided in air. Simulations show that the neutron radiation dose rates received at suborbital altitudes are comparable to those experienced by aircrew flying at 7 to 14 km. We also show that the total neutron dose rate tails off beyond the Pfotzer maximum on ascension from surface up to low Earth orbit. Crown Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates of rotating polar molecules
Deng, Y.; You, L.; Yi, S.
An experimental proposal for realizing spin-orbit (SO) coupling of pseudospin 1 in the ground manifold 1Σ (υ =0 ) of (bosonic) bialkali polar molecules is presented. The three spin components are composed of the ground rotational state and two substates from the first excited rotational level. Using hyperfine resolved Raman processes through two select excited states resonantly coupled by a microwave, an effective coupling between the spin tensor and linear momentum is realized. The properties of Bose-Einstein condensates for such SO-coupled molecules exhibiting dipolar interactions are further explored. In addition to the SO-coupling-induced stripe structures, the singly and doubly quantized vortex phases are found to appear, implicating exciting opportunities for exploring novel quantum physics using SO-coupled rotating polar molecules with dipolar interactions.
Detecting Canopy Water Status Using Shortwave Infrared Reflectance Data From Polar Orbiting and Geostationary Platforms
Fensholt, Rasmus; Huber Gharib, Silvia; Proud, Simon Richard
-based canopy water status detection from geostationary Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) data as compared to polar orbiting environmental satellite (POES)-based moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. The EO-based SWIR water stress index...... (SIWSI) is evaluated against in situ measured canopy water content indicators at a semi-arid grassland savanna site in Senegal 2008. Daily SIWSI from both MODIS and SEVIRI data show an overall inverse relation to Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) throughout the growing season. SIWSI...... for SWIR-based canopy water status and stress monitoring in a semi-arid environment....
Full Text Available We study the wave-related (AC and static (DC parallel Poynting vector (Poynting energy flux as a function of altitude in auroral field lines using Polar EFI and MFE data. The study is statistical and contains 5 years of data in the altitude range 5000–30000 km. We verify the low altitude part of the results by comparison with earlier Astrid-2 EMMA Poynting vector statistics at 1000 km altitude. The EMMA data are also used to statistically compensate the Polar results for the missing zonal electric field component. We compare the Poynting vector with previous statistical DMSP satellite data concerning the electron precipitation power. We find that the AC Poynting vector (Alfvén-wave related Poynting vector is statistically not sufficient to power auroral electron precipitation, although it may, for Kp>2, power 25–50% of it. The statistical AC Poynting vector also has a stepwise transition at R=4 RE, so that its amplitude increases with increasing altitude. We suggest that this corresponds to Alfvén waves being in Landau resonance with electrons, so that wave-induced electron acceleration takes place at this altitude range, which was earlier named the Alfvén Resonosphere (ARS. The DC Poynting vector is ~3 times larger than electron precipitation and corresponds mainly to ionospheric Joule heating. In the morning sector (02:00–06:00 MLT we find that the DC Poynting vector has a nontrivial altitude profile such that it decreases by a factor of ~2 when moving upward from 3 to 4 RE radial distance. In other nightside MLT sectors the altitude profile is more uniform. The morning sector nontrivial altitude profile may be due to divergence of the perpendicular Poynting vector field at R=3–4 RE.
Keywords. Magnetospheric physics (Auroral phenomena; Magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions – Space plasma physics (Wave-particle interactions
The case for a modern multiwavelength, polarization-sensitive LIDAR in orbit around Mars
Brown, Adrian J.; Michaels, Timothy I.; Byrne, Shane; Sun, Wenbo; Titus, Timothy N.; Colaprete, Anthony; Wolff, Michael J.; Videen, Gorden; Grund, Christian J.
We present the scientific case to build a multiple-wavelength, active, near-infrared (NIR) instrument to measure the reflected intensity and polarization characteristics of backscattered radiation from planetary surfaces and atmospheres. We focus on the ability of such an instrument to enhance, potentially revolutionize, our understanding of climate, volatiles and astrobiological potential of modern-day Mars. Such an instrument will address the following three major science themes, which we address in this paper: Science Theme 1. Surface. This would include global, night and day mapping of H 2 O and CO 2 surface ice properties. Science Theme 2. Ice Clouds. This would including unambiguous discrimination and seasonal mapping of CO 2 and H 2 O ice clouds. Science Theme 3. Dust Aerosols. This theme would include multiwavelength polarization measurements to infer dust grain shapes and size distributions. - Highlights: • We present the scientific rationale for a multi-wavelength, polarization sensitive lidar to be placed in orbit around Mars. • Scientific questions focus on the Martian climate and modern-day interactions between surface, ice clouds and dust aerosols. • What we would learn about volatile transport and deposition has implications for past, present and future life on Mars
Tunable ferroelectric polarization and its interplay with spin-orbit coupling in tin iodide perovskites
Stroppa, Alessandro; di Sante, Domenico; Barone, Paolo; Bokdam, Menno; Kresse, Georg; Franchini, Cesare; Whangbo, Myung-Hwan; Picozzi, Silvia
Ferroelectricity is a potentially crucial issue in halide perovskites, breakthrough materials in photovoltaic research. Using density functional theory simulations and symmetry analysis, we show that the lead-free perovskite iodide (FA)SnI3, containing the planar formamidinium cation FA, (NH2CHNH2)+, is ferroelectric. In fact, the perpendicular arrangement of FA planes, leading to a ‘weak’ polarization, is energetically more stable than parallel arrangements of FA planes, being either antiferroelectric or ‘strong’ ferroelectric. Moreover, we show that the ‘weak’ and ‘strong’ ferroelectric states with the polar axis along different crystallographic directions are energetically competing. Therefore, at least at low temperatures, an electric field could stabilize different states with the polarization rotated by π/4, resulting in a highly tunable ferroelectricity appealing for multistate logic. Intriguingly, the relatively strong spin-orbit coupling in noncentrosymmetric (FA)SnI3 gives rise to a co-existence of Rashba and Dresselhaus effects and to a spin texture that can be induced, tuned and switched by an electric field controlling the ferroelectric state.
Dimensional crossover of effective orbital dynamics in polar distorted He 3 -A : Transitions to antispacetime
Nissinen, J.; Volovik, G. E.
Topologically protected superfluid phases of He 3 allow one to simulate many important aspects of relativistic quantum field theories and quantum gravity in condensed matter. Here we discuss a topological Lifshitz transition of the effective quantum vacuum in which the determinant of the tetrad field changes sign through a crossing to a vacuum state with a degenerate fermionic metric. Such a transition is realized in polar distorted superfluid He 3 -A in terms of the effective tetrad fields emerging in the vicinity of the superfluid gap nodes: the tetrads of the Weyl points in the chiral A-phase of He 3 and the degenerate tetrad in the vicinity of a Dirac nodal line in the polar phase of He 3 . The continuous phase transition from the A -phase to the polar phase, i.e., the transition from the Weyl nodes to the Dirac nodal line and back, allows one to follow the behavior of the fermionic and bosonic effective actions when the sign of the tetrad determinant changes, and the effective chiral spacetime transforms to antichiral "anti-spacetime." This condensed matter realization demonstrates that while the original fermionic action is analytic across the transition, the effective action for the orbital degrees of freedom (pseudo-EM) fields and gravity have nonanalytic behavior. In particular, the action for the pseudo-EM field in the vacuum with Weyl fermions (A-phase) contains the modulus of the tetrad determinant. In the vacuum with the degenerate metric (polar phase) the nodal line is effectively a family of 2 +1 d Dirac fermion patches, which leads to a non-analytic (B2-E2)3/4 QED action in the vicinity of the Dirac line.
Upward continuation of Dome-C airborne gravity and comparison with GOCE gradients at orbit altitude in east Antarctica
Yildiz, Hasan; Forsberg, René; Tscherning, Carl Christian
spherical harmonic models confirmed the quality of the airborne data and that they contain more high-frequency signal than the global models. First, the airborne gravity data were upward continued to GOCE altitude to predict gravity gradients in the local North-East-Up reference frame. In this step...
Assessing Sahelian vegetation and stress from seasonal time series of polar orbiting and geostationary satellite imagery
Olsen, Jørgen Lundegaard
that short term variations in anomalies from seasonally detrended time series of indices could carry information on vegetation stress was examined and confirmed. However, it was not found sufficiently robust on pixel level to be implemented for monitoring vegetation water stress on a per-pixel basis...... provide good sensitivity to canopy water content, which can make vegetation stress detection possible. Furthermore, the high frequency observations in the optical spectrum now available from geostationary instruments have the potential for detection of changes in vegetation related surface properties...... on short timescales, which are challenging from polar orbiting instruments. Geostationary NDVI and the NIR and SWIR based Shortwave Infrared Water Stress Index (SIWSI) indices are compared with extensive field data from the Dahra site, supplemented by data from the Agoufou and Demokeya sites. The indices...
Sunlight effects on the 3D polar current system determined from low Earth orbit measurements
Laundal, Karl M.; Finlay, Chris; Olsen, Nils
Interaction between the solar wind and the Earth’s magnetosphere is associated with large-scale currents in the ionosphere at polar latitudes that flow along magnetic field lines (Birkeland currents) and horizontally. These current systems are tightly linked, but their global behaviors are rarely...... analyzed together. In this paper, we present estimates of the average global Birkeland currents and horizontal ionospheric currents from the same set of magnetic field measurements. The magnetic field measurements, from the low Earth orbiting Swarm and CHAMP satellites, are used to co-estimate poloidal...... and toroidal parts of the magnetic disturbance field, represented in magnetic apex coordinates. The use of apex coordinates reduces effects of longitudinal and hemispheric variations in the Earth’s main field. We present global currents from both hemispheres during different sunlight conditions. The results...
Explicit polarization (X-Pol) potential using ab initio molecular orbital theory and density functional theory.
Song, Lingchun; Han, Jaebeom; Lin, Yen-lin; Xie, Wangshen; Gao, Jiali
The explicit polarization (X-Pol) method has been examined using ab initio molecular orbital theory and density functional theory. The X-Pol potential was designed to provide a novel theoretical framework for developing next-generation force fields for biomolecular simulations. Importantly, the X-Pol potential is a general method, which can be employed with any level of electronic structure theory. The present study illustrates the implementation of the X-Pol method using ab initio Hartree-Fock theory and hybrid density functional theory. The computational results are illustrated by considering a set of bimolecular complexes of small organic molecules and ions with water. The computed interaction energies and hydrogen bond geometries are in good accord with CCSD(T) calculations and B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ optimizations.
Xu, Guochang
This is the first book of the satellite era which describes orbit theory with analytical solutions of the second order with respect to all possible disturbances. Based on such theory, the algorithms of orbits determination are completely revolutionized.
Yourshaw, Matthew Stephen
Orbital is a virtual reality gaming experience designed to explore the use of traditional narrative structure to enhance immersion in virtual reality. The story structure of Orbital was developed based on the developmental steps of 'The Hero's Journey,' a narrative pattern identified by Joseph Campbell. Using this standard narrative pattern, Orbital is capable of immersing the player quickly and completely for the entirety of play time. MFA
Modification of the method of polarized orbitals for electron--alkali-metal scattering: Application to e-Li
Bhatia, A.K.; Temkin, A.; Silver, A.; Sullivan, E.C.
The method of polarized orbitals is modified to treat low-energy scattering of electrons from highly polarizable systems, specifically alkali-metal atoms. The modification is carried out in the particular context of the e-Li system, but the procedure is general; it consists of modifying the polarized orbital, so that when used in the otherwise orthodox form of the method, it gives (i) the correct electron affinity of the negative ion (in this case Li - ), (ii) the proper (i.e., Levinson-Swan) number of nodes of the associated zero-energy scattering orbital, and (iii) the correct polarizability. A procedure is devised whereby the scattering length can be calculated from the (known) electron affinity without solving the bound-state equation. Using this procedure we adduce a 1 S scattering length of 8.69a 0 . (The 3 S scattering length is -9.22a 0 .) The above modifications can also be carried out in the (lesser) exchange adiabatic approximation. However, they lead to qualitatively incorrect 3 S phase shifts. The modified polarized-orbital phase shifts are qualitatively similar to close-coupling and elaborate variational calculations. Quantitative differences from the latter calculations, however, remain; they are manifested most noticeably in the very-low-energy total and differential spin-flip cross sections
Sentinel-5: the new generation European operational atmospheric chemistry mission in polar orbit
Pérez Albiñana, Abelardo; Erdmann, Matthias; Wright, Norrie; Martin, Didier; Melf, Markus; Bartsch, Peter; Seefelder, Wolfgang
Sentinel-5 is an Earth Observation instrument to be flown on the Metop Second Generation (Metop-SG) satellites with the fundamental objective of monitoring atmospheric composition from polar orbit. The Sentinel-5 instrument consists of five spectrometers to measure the solar spectral radiance backscattered by the earth atmosphere in five bands within the UV (270nm) to SWIR (2385nm) spectral range. Data provided by Sentinel-5 will allow obtaining the distribution of important atmospheric constituents such as ozone, on a global daily basis and at a finer spatial resolution than its precursor instruments on the first generation of Metop satellites. The launch of the first Metop-SG satellite is foreseen for 2021. The Sentinel-5 instrument is being developed by Airbus DS under contract to the European Space Agency. The Sentinel-5 mission is part of the Space Component of the Copernicus programme, a joint initiative by ESA, EUMETSAT and the European Commission. The Preliminary Design Review (PDR) for the Sentinel-5 development was successfully completed in 2015. This paper provides a description of the Sentinel-5 instrument design and data calibration.
The Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (SNPP): Continuing NASA Research and Applications
Butler, James; Gleason, James; Jedlovec, Gary; Coronado, Patrick
The Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite was successfully launched into a polar orbit on October 28, 2011 carrying 5 remote sensing instruments designed to provide data to improve weather forecasts and to increase understanding of long-term climate change. SNPP provides operational continuity of satellite-based observations for NOAA's Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites (POES) and continues the long-term record of climate quality observations established by NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites. In the 2003 to 2011 pre-launch timeframe, NASA's SNPP Science Team assessed the adequacy of the operational Raw Data Records (RDRs), Sensor Data Records (SDRs), and Environmental Data Records (EDRs) from the SNPP instruments for use in NASA Earth Science research, examined the operational algorithms used to produce those data records, and proposed a path forward for the production of climate quality products from SNPP. In order to perform these tasks, a distributed data system, the NASA Science Data Segment (SDS), ingested RDRs, SDRs, and EDRs from the NOAA Archive and Distribution and Interface Data Processing Segments, ADS and IDPS, respectively. The SDS also obtained operational algorithms for evaluation purposes from the NOAA Government Resource for Algorithm Verification, Independent Testing and Evaluation (GRAVITE). Within the NASA SDS, five Product Evaluation and Test Elements (PEATEs) received, ingested, and stored data and performed NASA's data processing, evaluation, and analysis activities. The distributed nature of this data distribution system was established by physically housing each PEATE within one of five Climate Analysis Research Systems (CARS) located at either at a NASA or a university institution. The CARS were organized around 5 key EDRs directly in support of the following NASA Earth Science focus areas: atmospheric sounding, ocean, land, ozone, and atmospheric composition products. The PEATES provided
Toward a Unified View of the Moon's Polar Volatiles from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
Hayne, Paul
Although the scientific basis for the possibility of water and other volatiles in the cold traps of the lunar polar regions was developed in the 1960's and '70's [1,2], only recently have the data become available to test the theories in detail. Furthermore, comparisons with other planetary bodies, particularly Mercury, have revealed surprising differences that may point to inconsistencies or holes in our understanding of the basic processes involving volatiles on airless bodies [3]. Addressing these gaps in understanding is critical to the future exploration of the Moon, for which water is an important scientific and engineering resource [4]. Launched in 2009, NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) has been acquiring data from lunar orbit for more than six years. All seven of the remote sensing instruments on the payload have now contributed significantly to advancing understanding of volatiles on the Moon. Here we present results from these investigations, and discuss attempts to synthesize the disparate information to create a self-consistent model for lunar volatiles. In addition to the LRO data, we must take into account results from earlier missions [5,6], ground-based telescopes [7], and sample analyses [8]. The results from these inter-comparisons show that water is likely available in useful quantities, but key additional measurements may be required to resolve remaining uncertainties. [1] Watson, K., Murray, B. C., & Brown, H. (1961), J. Geophys. Res., 66(9), 3033-3045. [2] Arnold, J. R. (1979), J. Geophys. Res. (1978-2012), 84(B10), 5659-5668. [3] Paige, D. A., Siegler, M. A., Harmon, J. K., Neumann, G. A., Mazarico, E. M., Smith, D. E., ... & Solomon, S. C. (2013), Science, 339(6117), 300-303. [4] Hayne, P. O., et al. (2014), Keck Inst. Space Studies Report. [5] Nozette, S., Lichtenberg, C. L., Spudis, P., Bonner, R., Ort, W., Malaret, E., ... & Shoemaker, E. M. (1996), Science, 274(5292), 1495-1498. [6] Pieters, C. M., Goswami, J. N., Clark, R. N
Mapping daily evapotranspiration at field to continental scales using geostationary and polar orbiting satellite imagery
M. C. Anderson
Full Text Available Thermal infrared (TIR remote sensing of land-surface temperature (LST provides valuable information about the sub-surface moisture status required for estimating evapotranspiration (ET and detecting the onset and severity of drought. While empirical indices measuring anomalies in LST and vegetation amount (e.g., as quantified by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; NDVI have demonstrated utility in monitoring ET and drought conditions over large areas, they may provide ambiguous results when other factors (e.g., air temperature, advection are affecting plant functioning. A more physically based interpretation of LST and NDVI and their relationship to sub-surface moisture conditions can be obtained with a surface energy balance model driven by TIR remote sensing. The Atmosphere-Land Exchange Inverse (ALEXI model is a multi-sensor TIR approach to ET mapping, coupling a two-source (soil + canopy land-surface model with an atmospheric boundary layer model in time-differencing mode to routinely and robustly map daily fluxes at continental scales and 5 to 10-km resolution using thermal band imagery and insolation estimates from geostationary satellites. A related algorithm (DisALEXI spatially disaggregates ALEXI fluxes down to finer spatial scales using moderate resolution TIR imagery from polar orbiting satellites. An overview of this modeling approach is presented, along with strategies for fusing information from multiple satellite platforms and wavebands to map daily ET down to resolutions on the order of 10 m. The ALEXI/DisALEXI model has potential for global applications by integrating data from multiple geostationary meteorological satellite systems, such as the US Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites, the European Meteosat satellites, the Chinese Fen-yung 2B series, and the Japanese Geostationary Meteorological Satellites. Work is underway to further evaluate multi-scale ALEXI implementations over the US, Europe, Africa
KEPLER-63b: A GIANT PLANET IN A POLAR ORBIT AROUND A YOUNG SUN-LIKE STAR
Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto; Winn, Joshua N.; Albrecht, Simon; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Isaacson, Howard; Howard, Andrew W.; Johnson, John Asher; Torres, Guillermo; Carter, Joshua A.; Dawson, Rebekah I.; Geary, John C.; Campante, Tiago L.; Chaplin, William J.; Davies, Guy R.; Lund, Mikkel N.; Buchhave, Lars A.; Everett, Mark E.; Fischer, Debra A.; Gilliland, Ronald L.; Horch, Elliott P.
We present the discovery and characterization of a giant planet orbiting the young Sun-like star Kepler-63 (KOI-63, m Kp = 11.6, T eff = 5576 K, M * = 0.98 M ☉ ). The planet transits every 9.43 days, with apparent depth variations and brightening anomalies caused by large starspots. The planet's radius is 6.1 ± 0.2 R ⊕ , based on the transit light curve and the estimated stellar parameters. The planet's mass could not be measured with the existing radial-velocity data, due to the high level of stellar activity, but if we assume a circular orbit, then we can place a rough upper bound of 120 M ⊕ (3σ). The host star has a high obliquity (ψ = 104°), based on the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect and an analysis of starspot-crossing events. This result is valuable because almost all previous obliquity measurements are for stars with more massive planets and shorter-period orbits. In addition, the polar orbit of the planet combined with an analysis of spot-crossing events reveals a large and persistent polar starspot. Such spots have previously been inferred using Doppler tomography, and predicted in simulations of magnetic activity of young Sun-like stars
Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto; Winn, Joshua N.; Albrecht, Simon [Department of Physics, and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (United States); Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Isaacson, Howard [Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (United States); Howard, Andrew W. [Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822 (United States); Johnson, John Asher [Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States); Torres, Guillermo; Carter, Joshua A.; Dawson, Rebekah I.; Geary, John C. [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States); Campante, Tiago L.; Chaplin, William J.; Davies, Guy R. [School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT (United Kingdom); Lund, Mikkel N. [Stellar Astrophysics Centre (SAC), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C (Denmark); Buchhave, Lars A. [Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen (Denmark); Everett, Mark E. [National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 N. Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 (United States); Fischer, Debra A. [Astronomy Department, Yale University, New Haven, CT (United States); Gilliland, Ronald L. [Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, The Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Lab, University Park, PA 16802 (United States); Horch, Elliott P. [Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT 06515 (United States); and others
We present the discovery and characterization of a giant planet orbiting the young Sun-like star Kepler-63 (KOI-63, m{sub Kp} = 11.6, T{sub eff} = 5576 K, M{sub *} = 0.98 M{sub ☉}). The planet transits every 9.43 days, with apparent depth variations and brightening anomalies caused by large starspots. The planet's radius is 6.1 ± 0.2 R{sub ⊕}, based on the transit light curve and the estimated stellar parameters. The planet's mass could not be measured with the existing radial-velocity data, due to the high level of stellar activity, but if we assume a circular orbit, then we can place a rough upper bound of 120 M{sub ⊕} (3σ). The host star has a high obliquity (ψ = 104°), based on the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect and an analysis of starspot-crossing events. This result is valuable because almost all previous obliquity measurements are for stars with more massive planets and shorter-period orbits. In addition, the polar orbit of the planet combined with an analysis of spot-crossing events reveals a large and persistent polar starspot. Such spots have previously been inferred using Doppler tomography, and predicted in simulations of magnetic activity of young Sun-like stars.
The radiation protection problems of high altitude and space flight
Fry, R.J.M.
This paper considers the radiation environment in aircraft at high altitudes and spacecraft in low earth orbit and in deep space and the factors that influence the dose equivalents. Altitude, latitude and solar cycle are the major influences for flights below the radiation belts. In deep space, solar cycle and the occurrence of solar particle events are the factors of influence. The major radiation effects of concern are cancer and infertility in males. In high altitude aircraft the radiation consists mainly of protons and neutrons, with neutrons contributing about half the equivalent dose. The average dose rate at altitudes of transcontinental flights that approach the polar regions are greater by a factor of about 2.5 than on routes at low latitudes. Current estimates of does to air crews suggest they are well within the ICRP (1990) recommended dose limits for radiation workers
Land Surface Temperature- Comparing Data from Polar Orbiting and Geostationary Satellites
Comyn-Platt, E.; Remedios, J. J.; Good, E. J.; Ghent, D.; Saunders, R.
Land Surface Temperature (LST) is a vital parameter in Earth climate science, driving long-wave radiation exchanges that control the surface energy budget and carbon fluxes, which are important factors in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) and the monitoring of climate change. Satellites offer a convenient way to observe LST consistently and regularly over large areas. A comparison between LST retrieved from a Geostationary Instrument, the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI), and a Polar Orbiting Instrument, the Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) is presented. Both sensors offer differing benefits. AATSR offers superior precision and spatial resolution with global coverage but given its sun-synchronous platform only observes at two local times, ~10am and ~10pm. SEVIRI provides the high-temporal resolution (every 15 minutes) required for observing diurnal variability of surface temperatures but given its geostationary platform has a poorer resolution, 3km at nadir, which declines at higher latitudes. A number of retrieval methods are applied to the raw satellite data: First order coefficient based algorithms provided on an operational basis by the LandSAF (for SEVIRI) and the University of Leicester (for AATSR); Second order coefficient based algorithms put forward by the University of Valencia; and an optimal estimation method using the 1DVar software provided by the NWP SAF. Optimal estimation is an iterative technique based upon inverse theory, thus is very useful for expanding into data assimilation systems. The retrievals are assessed and compared on both a fine scale using in-situ data from recognised validation sites and on a broad scale using two 100x100 regions such that biases can be better understood. Overall, the importance of LST lies in monitoring daily temperature extremes, e.g. for estimating permafrost thawing depth or risk of crop damage due to frost, hence the ideal dataset would use a combination of observations
Altitude Registration of Limb-Scattered Radiation
Moy, Leslie; Bhartia, Pawan K.; Jaross, Glen; Loughman, Robert; Kramarova, Natalya; Chen, Zhong; Taha, Ghassan; Chen, Grace; Xu, Philippe
One of the largest constraints to the retrieval of accurate ozone profiles from UV backscatter limb sounding sensors is altitude registration. Two methods, the Rayleigh scattering attitude sensing (RSAS) and absolute radiance residual method (ARRM), are able to determine altitude registration to the accuracy necessary for long-term ozone monitoring. The methods compare model calculations of radiances to measured radiances and are independent of onboard tracking devices. RSAS determines absolute altitude errors, but, because the method is susceptible to aerosol interference, it is limited to latitudes and time periods with minimal aerosol contamination. ARRM, a new technique introduced in this paper, can be applied across all seasons and altitudes. However, it is only appropriate for relative altitude error estimates. The application of RSAS to Limb Profiler (LP) measurements from the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) on board the Suomi NPP (SNPP) satellite indicates tangent height (TH) errors greater than 1 km with an absolute accuracy of +/-200 m. Results using ARRM indicate a approx. 300 to 400m intra-orbital TH change varying seasonally +/-100 m, likely due to either errors in the spacecraft pointing or in the geopotential height (GPH) data that we use in our analysis. ARRM shows a change of approx. 200m over 5 years with a relative accuracy (a long-term accuracy) of 100m outside the polar regions.
Chaos and its control in the pitch motion of an asymmetric magnetic spacecraft in polar elliptic orbit
Inarrea, Manuel [Universidad de La Rioja, Area de Fisica Aplicada, 26006 Logrono (Spain)], E-mail: manuel.inarrea@unirioja.es
We study the pitch attitude dynamics of an asymmetric magnetic spacecraft in a polar almost circular orbit under the influence of a gravity gradient torque. The spacecraft is perturbed by the small eccentricity of the elliptic orbit and by a small magnetic torque generated by the interaction between the Earth's magnetic field and the magnetic moment of the spacecraft. Under both perturbations, we show that the pitch motion exhibits heteroclinic chaotic behavior by means of the Melnikov method. Numerical methods applied to simulations of the pitch motion also confirm the chaotic character of the spacecraft attitude dynamics. Finally, a linear time-delay feedback method for controlling chaos is applied to the governing equations of the spacecraft pitch motion in order to remove the chaotic character of initially irregular attitude motions and transform them into periodic ones.
Inarrea, Manuel
We study the pitch attitude dynamics of an asymmetric magnetic spacecraft in a polar almost circular orbit under the influence of a gravity gradient torque. The spacecraft is perturbed by the small eccentricity of the elliptic orbit and by a small magnetic torque generated by the interaction between the Earth's magnetic field and the magnetic moment of the spacecraft. Under both perturbations, we show that the pitch motion exhibits heteroclinic chaotic behavior by means of the Melnikov method. Numerical methods applied to simulations of the pitch motion also confirm the chaotic character of the spacecraft attitude dynamics. Finally, a linear time-delay feedback method for controlling chaos is applied to the governing equations of the spacecraft pitch motion in order to remove the chaotic character of initially irregular attitude motions and transform them into periodic ones.
Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling induced spin-polarization and resonance-split in n-well semiconductor superlattices
Ye Chengzhi; Xue Rui; Nie, Y.-H.; Liang, J.-Q.
Using the transfer matrix method, we investigate the electron transmission over multiple-well semiconductor superlattices with Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling in the potential-well regions. The superlattice structure enhances the effect of spin polarization in the transmission spectrum. The minibands of multiple-well superlattices for electrons with different spin can be completely separated at the low incident energy, leading to the 100% spin polarization in a broad energy windows, which may be an effective scheme for realizing spin filtering. Moreover, for the transmission over n-quantum-well, it is observed that the resonance peaks in the minibands split into n-folds or (n-1)-folds depending on the well-width and barrier-thickness, which is different from the case of tunneling through n-barrier structure
Cheng, Yingchun; Zhu, Zhiyong; Tahir, Muhammad; Schwingenschlö gl, Udo
. We present ab initio electronic structure, phonon, and molecular-dynamics calculations to study the structural stability and spin-orbit-induced spin splitting in the transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers MXY (M = Mo, W and X, Y = S, Se, Te
Conductance and spin polarization for a quantum wire with the competition of Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling
Fu Xi; Chen Zeshun; Zhong Feng; Zhou Guanghui
We investigate theoretically the spin transport of a quantum wire (QW) with weak Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling (SOC) nonadiabatically connected to two normal leads. Using scattering matrix method and Landauer-Buettiker formula within effective free-electron approximation, we have calculated spin-dependent conductances G ↑ and G ↓ , total conductance G and spin polarization P z for a hard-wall potential confined QW. It is demonstrated that, the SOCs induce the splitting of G ↑ and G ↓ and form spin polarization P z . Moreover, the conductances present quantized plateaus, the plateaus and P z show oscillation structures near the subband edges. Furthermore, with the increase of QW width a strong spin polarization (P z ∼1) gradually becomes weak, which can be used to realize a spin filter. When the two SOCs coexist, the total conductance presents an isotropy transport due to the Rashba and Dresselhaus Hamiltonians being fixed, and the alteration of two SOCs strength ratio changes the sign of spin polarization. This may provide a way of realizing the expression of unit information by tuning gate voltage.
Effect of Rashba and Dresselhaus Spin-Orbit Couplings on Electron Spin Polarization in a Hybrid Magnetic-Electric Barrier Nanostructure
Yang, Shi-Peng; Lu, Mao-Wang; Huang, Xin-Hong; Tang, Qiang; Zhou, Yong-Long
A theoretical study has been carried out on the spin-dependent electron transport in a hybrid magnetic-electric barrier nanostructure with both Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit couplings, which can be experimentally realized by depositing a ferromagnetic strip and a Schottky metal strip on top of a semiconductor heterostructure. The spin-orbit coupling-dependent transmission coefficient, conductance, and spin polarization are calculated by solving the Schrödinger equation exactly with the help of the transfer-matrix method. We find that both the magnitude and sign of the electron spin polarization vary strongly with the spin-orbit coupling strength. Thus, the degree of electron spin polarization can be manipulated by properly adjusting the spin-orbit coupling strength, and such a nanosystem can be employed as a controllable spin filter for spintronics applications.
Creating intense polarized electron beam via laser stripping and spin-orbit interaction
Danilov, V.; Ptitsyn, V.; Gorlov, T.
The recent advance in laser field make it possible to excite and strip electrons with definite spin from hydrogen atoms. The sources of hydrogen atoms with orders of magnitude higher currents (than that of the conventional polarized electron cathods) can be obtained from H - sources with good monochromatization. With one electron of H - stripped by a laser, the remained electron is excited to upper state (2P 3/2 and 2P 1/2 ) by a circular polarization laser light from FEL. Then, it is excited to a high quantum number (n=7) with mostly one spin direction due to energy level split of the states with a definite direction of spin and angular momentum in an applied magnetic field and then it is stripped by a strong electric field of an RF cavity. This paper presents combination of lasers and fields to get high polarization and high current electron source.
Jupiter's magnetosphere and aurorae observed by the Juno spacecraft during its first polar orbits
Connerney, J. E. P.; Adriani, Alberto; Allegrini, F.
The Juno spacecraft acquired direct observations of the jovian magnetosphere and auroral emissions from a vantage point above the poles. Juno's capture orbit spanned the jovian magnetosphere from bow shock to the planet, providing magnetic field, charged particle, and wave phenomena context...
Mitigating the Effect of an Orbit Kink on Vertical Emittance and Polarization
Koop, I
Orbit kinks in FCC tunnel are under discussions for they can help to reduce the depth of few shafts [1]. Still two unwanted effects could make their use completely forbidden. The vertical emittance growth due to vertical bending and vertical dispersion is one of these concerns [2]. Another concern is the need to somehow compensate strong distortions of spin motion [3]. Here I present an idea of how we can simultaneously solve both these problems.
Differential roles of polar orbital prefrontal cortex and parietal lobes in logical reasoning with neutral and negative emotional content.
Eimontaite, Iveta; Goel, Vinod; Raymont, Vanessa; Krueger, Frank; Schindler, Igor; Grafman, Jordan
To answer the question of how brain pathology affects reasoning about negative emotional content, we administered a disjunctive logical reasoning task involving arguments with neutral content (e.g. Either there are tigers or women in NYC, but not both; There are no tigers in NYC; There are women in NYC) and emotionally laden content (e.g. Either there are pedophiles or politicians in Texas, but not both; There are politicians in Texas; There are no pedophiles in Texas) to 92 neurological patients with focal lesions to various parts of the brain. A Voxel Lesion Symptom Mapping (VLSM) analysis identified 16 patients, all with lesions to the orbital polar prefrontal cortex (BA 10 & 11), as being selectively impaired in the emotional reasoning condition. Another 17 patients, all with lesions to the parietal cortex, were identified as being impaired in the neutral content condition. The reasoning scores of these two patient groups, along with 23 matched normal controls, underwent additional analysis to explore the effect of belief bias. This analysis revealed that the differences identified above were largely driven by trials where there was an incongruency between the believability of the conclusion and the validity of the argument (i.e. valid argument /false conclusion or invalid argument /true conclusion). Patients with lesions to polar orbital prefrontal cortex underperformed in incongruent emotional content trials and over performed in incongruent neutral content trials (compared to both normal controls and patients with parietal lobe lesions). Patients with lesions to parietal lobes underperformed normal controls (at a trend level) in neutral trials where there was a congruency between the believability of the conclusion and the validity of the argument (i.e. valid argument/true conclusion or invalid argument/false conclusion). We conclude that lesions to the polar orbital prefrontal cortex (i) prevent these patients from enjoying any emotionally induced cognitive
Space environment monitoring by low-altitude operational satellites
Kroehl, H.W.
The primary task of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) is the acquisition of meteorological data in the visual and infrared spectral regions. The Air Weather Service operates two satellites in low-altitude, sun-synchronous, polar orbits at 850 km altitude, 98.7 deg inclination, 101.5 minute period and dawn-dusk or noon-midnight equatorial crossing times. Special DMSP sensors of interest to the space science community are the precipitating electron spectrometer, the terrestrial noise receiver, and the topside ionosphere plasma monitor. Data from low-altitude, meteorological satellites can be used to build empirical models of precipitating electron characteristics of the auroral zone and polar cap. The Tiros-NOAA satellite program complements the DMSP program. The orbital elements are the same as DMSP's, except for the times of equatorial crossing, and the tilt of the orbital plane. The Tiros-NOAA program meets the civilian community's needs for meteorological data as the DMSP program does for the military
Mechanically Reconfigurable Single-Arm Spiral Antenna Array for Generation of Broadband Circularly Polarized Orbital Angular Momentum Vortex Waves.
Li, Long; Zhou, Xiaoxiao
In this paper, a mechanically reconfigurable circular array with single-arm spiral antennas (SASAs) is designed, fabricated, and experimentally demonstrated to generate broadband circularly polarized orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex waves in radio frequency domain. With the symmetrical and broadband properties of single-arm spiral antennas, the vortex waves with different OAM modes can be mechanically reconfigurable generated in a wide band from 3.4 GHz to 4.7 GHz. The prototype of the circular array is proposed, conducted, and fabricated to validate the theoretical analysis. The simulated and experimental results verify that different OAM modes can be effectively generated by rotating the spiral arms of single-arm spiral antennas with corresponding degrees, which greatly simplify the feeding network. The proposed method paves a reconfigurable way to generate multiple OAM vortex waves with spin angular momentum (SAM) in radio and microwave satellite communication applications.
Spin Polarization Oscillations without Spin Precession: Spin-Orbit Entangled Resonances in Quasi-One-Dimensional Spin Transport
D. H. Berman
Full Text Available Resonant behavior involving spin-orbit entangled states occurs for spin transport along a narrow channel defined in a two-dimensional electron gas, including an apparent rapid relaxation of the spin polarization for special values of the channel width and applied magnetic field (so-called ballistic spin resonance. A fully quantum-mechanical theory for transport using multiple subbands of the one-dimensional system provides the dependence of the spin density on the applied magnetic field and channel width and position along the channel. We show how the spatially nonoscillating part of the spin density vanishes when the Zeeman energy matches the subband energy splittings. The resonance phenomenon persists in the presence of disorder.
Review of a relativity and geodesy mission with counter-orbiting polar satellites
Van Patten, R.A.
A new test of general relativity, capable of measuring the Lense-Thirring precession on a satellite orbit was proposed in 1974. We have recently realized that the remarkable geophysical output of this experiment can be enriched by allowing the point of encounter between the two satellites to progress from the poles to the equator during the course of the mission. There is reason to believe that by performing the experiment in this mode, all tesseral harmonics up to about 60th order could be separated and determined to accuracies up to three orders of magnitude better than current knowledge, and still obtain a 1% Lense-Thirring measurement. (orig.) [de
Effect of Orbital Hybridization on Spin-Polarized Tunneling across Co/C60 Interfaces.
Wang, Kai; Strambini, Elia; Sanderink, Johnny G M; Bolhuis, Thijs; van der Wiel, Wilfred G; de Jong, Michel P
The interaction between ferromagnetic surfaces and organic semiconductors leads to the formation of hybrid interfacial states. As a consequence, the local magnetic moment is altered, a hybrid interfacial density of states (DOS) is formed, and spin-dependent shifts of energy levels occur. Here, we show that this hybridization affects spin transport across the interface significantly. We report spin-dependent electronic transport measurements for tunnel junctions comprising C 60 molecular thin films grown on top of face-centered-cubic (fcc) epitaxial Co electrodes, an AlO x tunnel barrier, and an Al counter electrode. Since only one ferromagnetic electrode (Co) is present, spin-polarized transport is due to tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance (TAMR). An in-plane TAMR ratio of approximately 0.7% has been measured at 5 K under application of a magnetic field of 800 mT. The magnetic switching behavior shows some remarkable features, which are attributed to the rotation of interfacial magnetic moments. This behavior can be ascribed to the magnetic coupling between the Co thin films and the newly formed Co/C 60 hybridized interfacial states. Using the Tedrow-Meservey technique, the tunnel spin polarization of the Co/C 60 interface was found to be 43%.
Altitude Lab
Federal Laboratory Consortium — The Altitude Lab evaluates the performance of complete oxygen systems operated in individually controlled hypobaric chambers, which duplicate pressures that would be...
Mineralogy and Iron Content of the Lunar Polar Regions Using the Kaguya Spectral Profiler and the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter
Lemelin, M.; Lucey, P. G.; Trang, D.; Jha, K.
The lunar polar regions are of high scientific interest, but the extreme lighting conditions have made quantitative analyses using reflectance spectra difficult; some regions are in permanent shadow, and flat surfaces are difficult to correct photometrically due to the extreme grazing incidence and low signal available. Thus, most mineral maps derived from visible and near infrared reflectance spectra have been constrained to within 50° in latitude. The mineralogy of the polar regions, or 44% of the lunar surface, is almost entirely unknown. A few studies have provided compositional analysis based on the spectral shape (where strong absorption bands were present) of lithologies dominated by one or two minerals. In this study, we take a novel approach and use strong signal and well-calibrated reflectance acquired by two different instruments, the Kaguya Spectra Profiler (SP) and the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA), in order to derive the first FeO and mineral maps of the polar regions at a spatial resolution of 1 km per pixel. We use reflectance ratios from SP and calibrated reflectance data from LOLA to derive the first polar maps of FeO, which are within 2 wt.% of the FeO measured by the Lunar Prospector Gamma-Ray spectrometer up to 85° in latitude. We then use the reflectance data from SP and Hapke radiative transfer model to compute the abundance of olivine, low-calcium pyroxene, high-calcium pyroxene and plagioclase, using FeO as a constraint. The radiative transfer model yields an error in mineral abundances of 9 wt.%. We use the mineral maps to study the composition of 27 central peaks and 5 basin rings in the polar regions, and relate their composition to their depth of origin in the lunar crust. We find that the central peaks and basin rings in Feldspathic Highlands Terrane are mostly anorthositic in composition, with modal plagioclase content ranging between 66 and 92 wt.%. The central peaks and basin rings in the South Pole-Aitken basin are noritic
Spin polarization, orbital occupation and band gap opening in vanadium dioxide: The effect of screened Hartree-Fock exchange
Wang, Hao
The metal-insulator transition of VO2 so far has evaded an accurate description by density functional theory. The screened hybrid functional of Heyd, Scuseria and Ernzerhof leads to reasonable solutions for both the low-temperature monoclinic and high-temperature rutile phases only if spin polarization is excluded from the calculations. We explore whether a satisfactory agreement with experiment can be achieved by tuning the fraction of Hartree Fock exchange (α) in the density functional. It is found that two branches of locally stable solutions exist for the rutile phase for 12.5%≤α≤20%. One is metallic and has the correct stability as compared to the monoclinic phase, the other is insulating with lower energy than the metallic branch. We discuss these observations based on the V 3d orbital occupations and conclude that α=10% is the best possible choice for spin-polarized VO2 calculations. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A Dual Polarization, Active, Microstrip Antenna for an Orbital Imaging Radar System Operating at L-Band
Kelly, Kenneth C.; Huang, John
A highly successful Earth orbiting synthetic antenna aperture radar (SAR) system, known as the SIR-C mission, was carried into orbit in 1994 on a U.S. Shuttle (Space Transportation System) mission. The radar system was mounted in the cargo bay with no need to fold, or in any other way reduce the size of the antennas for launch. Weight and size were not limited for the L-Band, C-Band, and X-Band radar systems of the SIR-C radar imaging mission; the set of antennas weighed 10,500 kg, the L-Band antenna having the major share of the weight. This paper treats designing an L-Band antenna functionally similar to that used for SIR-C, but at a fraction of the cost and at a weight in the order of 250 kg. Further, the antenna must be folded to fit into the small payload shroud of low cost booster rocket systems. Over 31 square meters of antenna area is required. This low weight, foldable, electronic scanning antenna is for the proposed LightSAR radar system which is to be placed in Earth orbit on a small, dedicated space craft at the lowest possible cost for an efficient L- Band radar imaging system. This LightSAR spacecraft radar is to be continuously available for at least five operational years, and have the ability to map or repeat-map any area on earth within a few days of any request. A microstrip patch array, with microstrip transmission lines heavily employed in the aperture and in the corporate feed network, was chosen as the low cost approach for this active dual-polarization, 80 MHz (6.4%) bandwidth antenna design.
Giant Optical Polarization Rotation Induced by Spin-Orbit Coupling in Polarons
Casals, Blai; Cichelero, Rafael; GarcÃa Fernández, Pablo; Junquera, Javier; Pesquera, David; Campoy-Quiles, Mariano; Infante, Ingrid C.; Sánchez, Florencio; Fontcuberta, Josep; Herranz, Gervasi
We have uncovered a giant gyrotropic magneto-optical response for doped ferromagnetic manganite La2 /3Ca1 /3MnO3 around the near room-temperature paramagnetic-to-ferromagnetic transition. At odds with current wisdom, where this response is usually assumed to be fundamentally fixed by the electronic band structure, we point to the presence of small polarons as the driving force for this unexpected phenomenon. We explain the observed properties by the intricate interplay of mobility, Jahn-Teller effect, and spin-orbit coupling of small polarons. As magnetic polarons are ubiquitously inherent to many strongly correlated systems, our results provide an original, general pathway towards the generation of magnetic-responsive gigantic gyrotropic responses that may open novel avenues for magnetoelectric coupling beyond the conventional modulation of magnetization.
Useful lower limits to polarization contributions to intermolecular interactions using a minimal basis of localized orthogonal orbitals: theory and analysis of the water dimer.
Azar, R Julian; Horn, Paul Richard; Sundstrom, Eric Jon; Head-Gordon, Martin
The problem of describing the energy-lowering associated with polarization of interacting molecules is considered in the overlapping regime for self-consistent field wavefunctions. The existing approach of solving for absolutely localized molecular orbital (ALMO) coefficients that are block-diagonal in the fragments is shown based on formal grounds and practical calculations to often overestimate the strength of polarization effects. A new approach using a minimal basis of polarized orthogonal local MOs (polMOs) is developed as an alternative. The polMO basis is minimal in the sense that one polarization function is provided for each unpolarized orbital that is occupied; such an approach is exact in second-order perturbation theory. Based on formal grounds and practical calculations, the polMO approach is shown to underestimate the strength of polarization effects. In contrast to the ALMO method, however, the polMO approach yields results that are very stable to improvements in the underlying AO basis expansion. Combining the ALMO and polMO approaches allows an estimate of the range of energy-lowering due to polarization. Extensive numerical calculations on the water dimer using a large range of basis sets with Hartree-Fock theory and a variety of different density functionals illustrate the key considerations. Results are also presented for the polarization-dominated Na(+)CH4 complex. Implications for energy decomposition analysis of intermolecular interactions are discussed.
Military Applications of High-Altitude Satellite Orbits in a Multi-Body Dynamical Environment Using Numerical Methods and Dynamical Systems Theory
around a libration point in the Earth -Moon system are used as unpredictable transfer pathways when traveling from one Earth orbit to another...spacecraft traveling from one Earth orbit to another in a multi- body environment, as well as characterizing the potential motions in the vicinity of...an inspiring account of how using the gravity of the Moon assisted in placing the satellite in a favorable Earth orbit after a rocket malfunction left
Monitoring volcanic ash cloud top height through simultaneous retrieval of optical data from polar orbiting and geostationary satellites
K. Zakšek
Full Text Available Volcanic ash cloud-top height (ACTH can be monitored on the global level using satellite remote sensing. Here we propose a photogrammetric method based on the parallax between data retrieved from geostationary and polar orbiting satellites to overcome some limitations of the existing methods of ACTH retrieval. SEVIRI HRV band and MODIS band 1 are a good choice because of their high resolution. The procedure works well if the data from both satellites are retrieved nearly simultaneously. MODIS does not retrieve the data at exactly the same time as SEVIRI. To compensate for advection we use two sequential SEVIRI images (one before and one after the MODIS retrieval and interpolate the cloud position from SEVIRI data to the time of MODIS retrieval. The proposed method was tested for the case of the Eyjafjallajökull eruption in April 2010. The parallax between MODIS and SEVIRI data can reach 30 km, which implies an ACTH of approximately 12 km at the beginning of the eruption. At the end of April eruption an ACTH of 3–4 km is observed. The accuracy of ACTH was estimated to be 0.6 km.
Detection of Earth-rotation Doppler shift from Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership Cross-Track Infrared Sounder.
Chen, Yong; Han, Yong; Weng, Fuzhong
The Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) on the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership Satellite is a Fourier transform spectrometer and provides a total of 1305 channels for sounding the atmosphere. Quantifying the CrIS spectral accuracy, which is directly related to radiometric accuracy, is crucial for improving its data assimilation in numerical weather prediction. In this study, a cross-correlation method is used for detecting the effect of Earth-rotation Doppler shift (ERDS) on CrIS observations. Based on a theoretical calculation, the ERDS can be as large as about 1.3 parts in 10(6) (ppm) near Earth's equator and at the satellite scan edge for a field of regard (FOR) of 1 or 30. The CrIS observations exhibit a relative Doppler shift as large as 2.6 ppm for a FOR pair of 1 and 30 near the equator. The variation of the ERDS with latitude and scan position detected from CrIS observations is similar to that derived theoretically, which indicates that the spectral stability of the CrIS instrument is very high. To accurately calibrate CrIS spectral accuracy, the ERDS effect should be removed. Since the ERDS is easily predictable, the Doppler shift is correctable in the CrIS spectra.
Reanalyses of the radiation belt electron phase space density using nearly equatorial CRRES and polar-orbiting Akebono satellite observations
Ni, Binbin; Shprits, Yuri; Nagai, Tsugunobu; Thorne, Richard; Chen, Yue; Kondrashov, Dmitri; Kim, Hee-jeong
Data assimilation techniques provide algorithms that allow for blending of incomplete and inaccurate data with physics-based dynamic models to reconstruct the electron phase space density (PSD) in the radiation belts. In this study, we perform reanalyses of the radial PSD profile using two independent data sources from the nearly equatorial CRRES Medium Electron A (MEA) observations and the polar-orbiting Akebono Radiation Monitor (RDM) measurements for a 50-day period from 18 August to 6 October 1990. We utilize the University of California, Los Angeles, One-Dimensional Versatile Electron Radiation Belt (UCLA 1-D VERB) code and a Kalman filtering approach. Comparison of the reanalyses obtained independently using the CRRES MEA and Akebono RDM measurements shows that the dynamics of the PSD can be accurately reconstructed using Kalman filtering even when available data are sparse, inaccurate, and contaminated by random errors. The reanalyses exhibit similarities in the locations and magnitudes of peaks in radial profiles of PSD and the rate and radial extent of the dropouts during storms. This study shows that when unidirectional data are not available, pitch angle averaged flux measurements can be used to infer the long-term behavior (climatology) of the radiation belts. The methodology of obtaining PSD from pitch angle averaged and unidirectional fluxes using the Tsyganenko and Stern (1996) magnetic field model is described in detail.
Asynchronous Processing of a Constellation of Geostationary and Polar-Orbiting Satellites for Fire Detection and Smoke Estimation
Hyer, E. J.; Peterson, D. A.; Curtis, C. A.; Schmidt, C. C.; Hoffman, J.; Prins, E. M.
The Fire Locating and Monitoring of Burning Emissions (FLAMBE) system converts satellite observations of thermally anomalous pixels into spatially and temporally continuous estimates of smoke release from open biomass burning. This system currently processes data from a constellation of 5 geostationary and 2 polar-orbiting sensors. Additional sensors, including NPP VIIRS and the imager on the Korea COMS-1 geostationary satellite, will soon be added. This constellation experiences schedule changes and outages of various durations, making the set of available scenes for fire detection highly variable on an hourly and daily basis. Adding to the complexity, the latency of the satellite data is variable between and within sensors. FLAMBE shares with many fire detection systems the goal of detecting as many fires as possible as early as possible, but the FLAMBE system must also produce a consistent estimate of smoke production with minimal artifacts from the changing constellation. To achieve this, NRL has developed a system of asynchronous processing and cross-calibration that permits satellite data to be used as it arrives, while preserving the consistency of the smoke emission estimates. This talk describes the asynchronous data ingest methodology, including latency statistics for the constellation. We also provide an overview and show results from the system we have developed to normalize multi-sensor fire detection for consistency.
Perfect tuning of spin-polarization in a ring-shaped multiple-quantum-dot nanostructure in the presence of Rashba spin–orbit coupling
Eslami, L., E-mail: Leslami@iust.ac.ir; Chaghari, Z.; Faizabadi, E.
Spin-dependent electronic transport through an open multiple-quantum-dot ring threaded by a magnetic flux is theoretically investigated by using the single particle Green's function method. By introducing local Rashba spin–orbit interaction on an individual quantum dot and local magnetic moments on two of other quantum dots, we calculate the spin-polarization in the output lead. We find the spin-polarization can be tuned by manipulating magnetic moments, adjusting magnetic flux and setting the Rashba spin–orbit strength. It is also shown the system can operate as an efficient spin-inverter when the structure is adjusted properly. The analysis can be utilized in designing optimized nanodevices.
A Lookup-Table-Based Approach to Estimating Surface Solar Irradiance from Geostationary and Polar-Orbiting Satellite Data
Hailong Zhang
Full Text Available Incoming surface solar irradiance (SSI is essential for calculating Earth’s surface radiation budget and is a key parameter for terrestrial ecological modeling and climate change research. Remote sensing images from geostationary and polar-orbiting satellites provide an opportunity for SSI estimation through directly retrieving atmospheric and land-surface parameters. This paper presents a new scheme for estimating SSI from the visible and infrared channels of geostationary meteorological and polar-orbiting satellite data. Aerosol optical thickness and cloud microphysical parameters were retrieved from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES system images by interpolating lookup tables of clear and cloudy skies, respectively. SSI was estimated using pre-calculated offline lookup tables with different atmospheric input data of clear and cloudy skies. The lookup tables were created via the comprehensive radiative transfer model, Santa Barbara Discrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer (SBDART, to balance computational efficiency and accuracy. The atmospheric attenuation effects considered in our approach were water vapor absorption and aerosol extinction for clear skies, while cloud parameters were the only atmospheric input for cloudy-sky SSI estimation. The approach was validated using one-year pyranometer measurements from seven stations in the SURFRAD (SURFace RADiation budget network. The results of the comparison for 2012 showed that the estimated SSI agreed with ground measurements with correlation coefficients of 0.94, 0.69, and 0.89 with a bias of 26.4 W/m2, −5.9 W/m2, and 14.9 W/m2 for clear-sky, cloudy-sky, and all-sky conditions, respectively. The overall root mean square error (RMSE of instantaneous SSI was 80.0 W/m2 (16.8%, 127.6 W/m2 (55.1%, and 99.5 W/m2 (25.5% for clear-sky, cloudy-sky (overcast sky and partly cloudy sky, and all-sky (clear-sky and cloudy-sky conditions, respectively. A comparison with other state
Estimation and Validation of Land Surface Temperatures from Chinese Second-Generation Polar-Orbit FY-3A VIRR Data
Bo-Hui Tang
Full Text Available This work estimated and validated the land surface temperature (LST from thermal-infrared Channels 4 (10.8 µm and 5 (12.0 µm of the Visible and Infrared Radiometer (VIRR onboard the second-generation Chinese polar-orbiting FengYun-3A (FY-3A meteorological satellite. The LST, mean emissivity and atmospheric water vapor content (WVC were divided into several tractable sub-ranges with little overlap to improve the fitting accuracy. The experimental results showed that the root mean square errors (RMSEs were proportional to the viewing zenith angles (VZAs and WVC. The RMSEs were below 1.0 K for VZA sub-ranges less than 30° or for VZA sub-ranges less than 60° and WVC less than 3.5 g/cm2, provided that the land surface emissivities were known. A preliminary validation using independently simulated data showed that the estimated LSTs were quite consistent with the actual inputs, with a maximum RMSE below 1 K for all VZAs. An inter-comparison using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS-derived LST product MOD11_L2 showed that the minimum RMSE was 1.68 K for grass, and the maximum RMSE was 3.59 K for barren or sparsely vegetated surfaces. In situ measurements at the Hailar field site in northeastern China from October, 2013, to September, 2014, were used to validate the proposed method. The result showed that the RMSE between the LSTs calculated from the ground measurements and derived from the VIRR data was 1.82 K.
The effects of Rashba spin-orbit coupling on spin-polarized transport in hexagonal graphene nano-rings and flakes
Laghaei, M.; Heidari Semiromi, E.
Quantum transport properties and spin polarization in hexagonal graphene nanostructures with zigzag edges and different sizes were investigated in the presence of Rashba spin-orbit interaction (RSOI). The nanostructure was considered as a channel to which two semi-infinite armchair graphene nanoribbons were coupled as input and output leads. Spin transmission and spin polarization in x, y, and z directions were calculated through applying Landauer-Buttiker formalism with tight binding model and the Green's function to the system. In these quantum structures it is shown that changing the size of system, induce and control the spin polarized currents. In short, these graphene systems are typical candidates for electrical spintronic devices as spin filtering.
Spin-polarization and spin-flip in a triple-quantum-dot ring by using tunable lateral bias voltage and Rashba spin-orbit interaction
Molavi, Mohamad, E-mail: Mo_molavi@yahoo.com [Faculty of Physics, Kharazmi University, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Faizabadi, Edris, E-mail: Edris@iust.ac.ir [School of Physics, Iran University of Science and Technology, 16846 Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
By using the Green's function formalism, we investigate the effects of single particle energy levels of a quantum dot on the spin-dependent transmission properties through a triple-quantum-dot ring structure. In this structure, one of the quantum dots has been regarded to be non-magnetic and the Rashba spin-orbit interaction is imposed locally on this dot while the two others can be magnetic. The on-site energy of dots, manipulates the interference of the electron spinors that are transmitted to output leads. Our results show that the effects of magnetic dots on spin-dependent transmission properties are the same as the difference of on-site energies of the various dots, which is applicable by a controllable lateral bias voltage externally. Besides, by tuning the parameters such as Rashba spin-orbit interaction, and on-site energy of dots and magnetic flux inside the ring, the structure can be indicated the spin-flip effect and behave as a full spin polarizer or splitter. - Highlights: • The effects of magnetic dots on spin-dependent transmission properties are the same as the difference of on-site energies of the various dots. • In the situation that the QDs have non-zero on-site energies, the system can demonstrate the full spin-polarization. • By tuning the Rashba spin-orbit strength and magnetic flux encountered by the ring the system operates as a Stern-Gerlach apparatus.
Energy spectrum, the spin polarization, and the optical selection rules of the Kronig-Penney superlattice model with spin-orbit coupling
Li, Rui
The Kronig-Penney model, an exactly solvable one-dimensional model of crystal in solid physics, shows how the allowed and forbidden bands are formed in solids. In this paper, we study this model in the presence of both strong spin-orbit coupling and the Zeeman field. We analytically obtain four transcendental equations that represent an implicit relation between the energy and the Bloch wave vector. Solving these four transcendental equations, we obtain the spin-orbital bands exactly. In addition to the usual band gap opened at the boundary of the Brillouin zone, a much larger spin-orbital band gap is also opened at some special sites inside the Brillouin zone. The x component of the spin-polarization vector is an even function of the Bloch wave vector, while the z component of the spin-polarization vector is an odd function of the Bloch wave vector. At the band edges, the optical transition rates between adjacent bands are nonzero.
Mid-Latitude versus Polar-Latitude Transitional Impact Craters: Geometric Properties from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) Observations and Viking Images
Matias, A.; Garvin, J. B.; Sakimoto, S. E. H.
One intriguing aspect of martian impact crater morphology is the change of crater cavity and ejecta characteristics from the mid-latitudes to the polar regions. This is thought to reflect differences in target properties such as an increasing presence of ice in the polar regions. Previous image-based efforts concerning martian crater morphology has documented some aspects of this, but has been hampered by the lack of adequate topography data. Recent Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) topographic profiles provide a quantitative perspective for interpreting the detailed morphologies of martian crater cavities and ejecta morphology. This study is a preliminary effort to quantify the latitude-dependent differences in morphology with the goal of identifying target-dependent and crater modification effects from the combined of images and MOLA topography. We combine the available MOLA profiles and the corresponding Viking Mars Digital Image Mosaics (MDIMS), and high resolution Viking Orbiter images to focus on two transitional craters; one on the mid-latitudes, and one in the North Polar region. One MOLA pass (MGS Orbit 34) traverses the center of a 15.9 km diameter fresh complex crater located at 12.8degN 83.8degE on the Hesperian ridge plains unit (Hvr). Viking images, as well as MOLA data, show that this crater has well developed wall terraces and a central peak with 429 m of relative relief. Three MOLA passes have been acquired for a second impact crater, which is located at 69.5degN 41degE on the Vastitas Borealis Formation. This fresh rampart crater lacks terraces and central peak structures and it has a depth af 579 m. Correlation between images and MOLA topographic profiles allows us to construct basic facies maps of the craters. Eight main units were identified, four of which are common on both craters.
Estimation of land-atmosphere energy transfer over the Tibetan Plateau by a combination use of geostationary and polar-orbiting satellite data
Zhong, L.; Ma, Y.
Land-atmosphere energy transfer is of great importance in land-atmosphere interactions and atmospheric boundary layer processes over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The energy fluxes have high temporal variability, especially in their diurnal cycle, which cannot be acquired by polar-orbiting satellites alone because of their low temporal resolution. Therefore, it's of great practical significance to retrieve land surface heat fluxes by a combination use of geostationary and polar orbiting satellites. In this study, a time series of the hourly LST was estimated from thermal infrared data acquired by the Chinese geostationary satellite FengYun 2C (FY-2C) over the TP. The split window algorithm (SWA) was optimized using a regression method based on the observations from the Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP) of the Asia-Australia Monsoon Project (CAMP) on the Tibetan Plateau (CAMP/Tibet) and Tibetan observation and research platform (TORP), the land surface emissivity (LSE) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and the water vapor content from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) project. The 10-day composite hourly LST data were generated via the maximum value composite (MVC) method to reduce the cloud effects. The derived LST was validated by the field observations of CAMP/Tibet and TORP. The results show that the retrieved LST and in situ data have a very good correlation (with root mean square error (RMSE), mean bias (MB), mean absolute error (MAE) and correlation coefficient (R) values of 1.99 K, 0.83 K, 1.71 K, and 0.991, respectively). Together with other characteristic parameters derived from polar-orbiting satellites and meteorological forcing data, the energy balance budgets have been retrieved finally. The validation results showed there was a good consistency between estimation results and in-situ measurements over the TP, which prove the robustness of the proposed estimation
Altitude Compensating Nozzle
Ruf, Joseph H.; Jones, Daniel
The dual-bell nozzle (fig. 1) is an altitude-compensating nozzle that has an inner contour consisting of two overlapped bells. At low altitudes, the dual-bell nozzle operates in mode 1, only utilizing the smaller, first bell of the nozzle. In mode 1, the nozzle flow separates from the wall at the inflection point between the two bell contours. As the vehicle reaches higher altitudes, the dual-bell nozzle flow transitions to mode 2, to flow full into the second, larger bell. This dual-mode operation allows near optimal expansion at two altitudes, enabling a higher mission average specific impulse (Isp) relative to that of a conventional, single-bell nozzle. Dual-bell nozzles have been studied analytically and subscale nozzle tests have been completed.1 This higher mission averaged Isp can provide up to a 5% increase2 in payload to orbit for existing launch vehicles. The next important step for the dual-bell nozzle is to confirm its potential in a relevant flight environment. Toward this end, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) and Armstrong Flight Research Center (AFRC) have been working to develop a subscale, hot-fire, dual-bell nozzle test article for flight testing on AFRC's F15-D flight test bed (figs. 2 and 3). Flight test data demonstrating a dual-bell ability to control the mode transition and result in a sufficient increase in a rocket's mission averaged Isp should help convince the launch service providers that the dual-bell nozzle would provide a return on the required investment to bring a dual-bell into flight operation. The Game Changing Department provided 0.2 FTE to ER42 for this effort in 2014.
High Altitude Launch for a Practical SSTO
Landis, Geoffrey A.; Denis, Vincent
Existing engineering materials allow the constuction of towers to heights of many kilometers. Orbital launch from a high altitude has significant advantages over sea-level launch due to the reduced atmospheric pressure, resulting in lower atmospheric drag on the vehicle and allowing higher rocket engine performance. High-altitude launch sites are particularly advantageous for single-stage to orbit (SSTO) vehicles, where the payload is typically 2% of the initial launch mass. An earlier paper enumerated some of the advantages of high altitude launch of SSTO vehicles. In this paper, we calculate launch trajectories for a candidate SSTO vehicle, and calculate the advantage of launch at launch altitudes 5 to 25 kilometer altitudes above sea level. The performance increase can be directly translated into increased payload capability to orbit, ranging from 5 to 20% increase in the mass to orbit. For a candidate vehicle with an initial payload fraction of 2% of gross lift-off weight, this corresponds to 31% increase in payload (for 5-km launch altitude) to 122% additional payload (for 25-km launch altitude).
From the Orbital Implementation of the Kinetic Theory to the Polarization Propagator Method in the Study of Energy Deposition Problems
Cabrera-Trujillo, R.; Cruz, S. A.; Soullard, J.
The energy deposited by swift atomic-ion projectiles when colliding with a given target material has been a topic of special scientific interest for the last century due to the variety of applications of ion beams in modern materials technology as well as in medical physics. In this work, we summarize our contributions in this field as a consequence of fruitful discussions and enlightening ideas put forward by one of the main protagonists in stopping power theory during the last three decades: Jens Oddershede. Our review, mainly motivated by Jens' work, evolves from the extension of the orbital implementation of the kinetic theory of stopping through the orbital local plasma approximation, its use in studies of orbital and total mean excitation energies for the study of atomic and molecular stopping until the advances on generalized oscillator strength and sum rules in the study of stopping cross sections. Finally, as a tribute to Jens' work on the orbital implementation of the kinetic theory of stopping, in this work we present new results on the use of the Thomas-Fermi-Dirac-Weizsäcker density functional for the calculation of orbital and total atomic mean excitation energies. The results are applied to free-atoms and and extension is done to confined atoms - taking Si as an example - whereby target pressure effects on stopping are derived. Hence, evidence of the far-yield of Jens' ideas is given.
Catalystlike effect of orbital angular momentum on the conversion of transverse to three-dimensional spin states within tightly focused radially polarized beams
Han, Lei; Liu, Sheng; Li, Peng; Zhang, Yi; Cheng, Huachao; Zhao, Jianlin
We report on the catalystlike effect of orbital angular momentum (OAM) on local spin-state conversion within the tightly focused radially polarized beams associated with optical spin-orbit interaction. It is theoretically demonstrated that the incident OAM can lead to a conversion of purely transverse spin state to a three-dimensional spin state on the focal plane. This conversion can be conveniently manipulated by altering the sign and value of the OAM. By comparing the total OAM and spin angular momentum (SAM) on the incident plane to those on the focal plane, it is indicated that the incident OAM have no participation in the angular momentum intertransfer, and just play a role as a catalyst of local SAM conversion. Such an effect of OAM sheds new light on the optical spin-orbit interaction in tight-focusing processes. The resultant three-dimensional spin states may provide more degrees of freedom in optical manipulation and spin-dependent directive coupling.
On the use of the polarization method of remote indication of oil pollutants on the sea surface under different hydrometerological conditions and at different altitudes of the sun
Buznikov, A A; Lakhtanov, G A
Results of experimental investigations of water areas of the Caspian sea with the aid of a specially developed shipboard polarimeter. Interpretation of the remote measurements was carried out by laboratory analysis of the thickness of the oil film and the amount of dissolved oil in samples gathered from the surface of the sea. Analysis of the influence of weather conditions and of the composition of the petroleum products on the results of remote indications made it possible to formulate concrete methodical recommendations for achieving optimum results in remote assessment of oil pollutants of seawater areas. The effectiveness of the polarization method under different hydrometerological conditions makes it possible to regard it as a good supplementation to the traditional visual and instrumental methods of monitoring pollution of bodies of water.
Determination of the spin orbit coupling and crystal field splitting in wurtzite InP by polarization resolved photoluminescence
Chauvin, Nicolas; Mavel, Amaury; Jaffal, Ali; Patriarche, Gilles; Gendry, Michel
Excitation photoluminescence spectroscopy is usually used to extract the crystal field splitting (ΔCR) and spin orbit coupling (ΔSO) parameters of wurtzite (Wz) InP nanowires (NWs). However, the equations expressing the valence band splitting are symmetric with respect to these two parameters, and a choice ΔCR > ΔSO or ΔCR InP NWs grown on silicon. The experimental results combined with a theoretical model and finite difference time domain calculations allow us to conclude that ΔCR > ΔSO in Wz InP.
The effects of different footprint sizes and cloud algorithms on the top-of-atmosphere radiative flux calculation from the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES instrument on Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP
W. Su
Full Text Available Only one Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES instrument is onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP and it has been placed in cross-track mode since launch; it is thus not possible to construct a set of angular distribution models (ADMs specific for CERES on NPP. Edition 4 Aqua ADMs are used for flux inversions for NPP CERES measurements. However, the footprint size of NPP CERES is greater than that of Aqua CERES, as the altitude of the NPP orbit is higher than that of the Aqua orbit. Furthermore, cloud retrievals from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS, which are the imagers sharing the spacecraft with NPP CERES and Aqua CERES, are also different. To quantify the flux uncertainties due to the footprint size difference between Aqua CERES and NPP CERES, and due to both the footprint size difference and cloud property difference, a simulation is designed using the MODIS pixel-level data, which are convolved with the Aqua CERES and NPP CERES point spread functions (PSFs into their respective footprints. The simulation is designed to isolate the effects of footprint size and cloud property differences on flux uncertainty from calibration and orbital differences between NPP CERES and Aqua CERES. The footprint size difference between Aqua CERES and NPP CERES introduces instantaneous flux uncertainties in monthly gridded NPP CERES measurements of less than 4.0 W m−2 for SW (shortwave and less than 1.0 W m−2 for both daytime and nighttime LW (longwave. The global monthly mean instantaneous SW flux from simulated NPP CERES has a low bias of 0.4 W m−2 when compared to simulated Aqua CERES, and the root-mean-square (RMS error is 2.2 W m−2 between them; the biases of daytime and nighttime LW flux are close to zero with RMS errors of 0.8 and 0.2 W m−2. These uncertainties are within the uncertainties of CERES ADMs
Space station orbit maintenance
Kaplan, D. I.; Jones, R. M.
The orbit maintenance problem is examined for two low-earth-orbiting space station concepts - the large, manned Space Operations Center (SOC) and the smaller, unmanned Science and Applications Space Platform (SASP). Atmospheric drag forces are calculated, and circular orbit altitudes are selected to assure a 90 day decay period in the event of catastrophic propulsion system failure. Several thrusting strategies for orbit maintenance are discussed. Various chemical and electric propulsion systems for orbit maintenance are compared on the basis of propellant resupply requirements, power requirements, Shuttle launch costs, and technology readiness.
Discovery of highly spin-polarized conducting surface states in the strong spin-orbit coupling semiconductor Sb2Se3
Das, Shekhar; Sirohi, Anshu; Kumar Gupta, Gaurav; Kamboj, Suman; Vasdev, Aastha; Gayen, Sirshendu; Guptasarma, Prasenjit; Das, Tanmoy; Sheet, Goutam
Majority of the A2B3 -type chalcogenide systems with strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC), such as Bi2Se3,Bi2Te3 , and Sb2Te3 , etc., are topological insulators. One important exception is Sb2Se3 where a topological nontrivial phase was argued to be possible under ambient conditions, but such a phase could be detected to exist only under pressure. In this paper, we show that Sb2Se3 like Bi2Se3 displays a generation of highly spin-polarized current under mesoscopic superconducting point contacts as measured by point-contact Andreev reflection spectroscopy. In addition, we observe a large negative and anisotropic magnetoresistance of the mesoscopic metallic point contacts formed on Sb2Se3 . Our band-structure calculations confirm the trivial nature of Sb2Se3 crystals and reveal two trivial surface states one of which shows large spin splitting due to Rashba-type SOC. The observed high spin polarization and related phenomena in Sb2Se3 can be attributed to this spin splitting.
Reliable retrieval of atmospheric and aquatic parameters in coastal and inland environments from polar-orbiting and geostationary platforms: challenges and opportunities
Stamnes, Knut; Li, Wei; Lin, Zhenyi; Fan, Yongzhen; Chen, Nan; Gatebe, Charles; Ahn, Jae-Hyun; Kim, Wonkook; Stamnes, Jakob J.
Simultaneous retrieval of aerosol and surface properties by means of inverse techniques based on a coupled atmosphere-surface radiative transfer model, neural networks, and optimal estimation can yield considerable improvements in retrieval accuracy in complex aquatic environments compared with traditional methods. Remote sensing of such environments represent specific challenges due (i) the complexity of the atmosphere and water inherent optical properties, (ii) unique bidirectional dependencies of the water-leaving radiance, and (iii) the desire to do retrievals for large solar zenith and viewing angles. We will discuss (a) how challenges related to atmospheric gaseous absorption, absorbing aerosols, and turbid waters can be addressed by using a coupled atmosphere-surface radiative transfer (forward) model in the retrieval process, (b) how the need to correct for bidirectional effects can be accommodated in a systematic and reliable manner, (c) how polarization information can be utilized, (d) how the curvature of the atmosphere can be taken into account, and (e) how neural networks and optimal estimation can be used to obtain fast yet accurate retrievals. Special emphasis will be placed on how information from existing and future sensors deployed on polar-orbiting and geostationary platforms can be obtained in a reliable and accurate manner. The need to provide uncertainty assessments and error budgets will also be discussed.
Airborne Laser Polarization Sensor
Kalshoven, James, Jr.; Dabney, Philip
Instrument measures polarization characteristics of Earth at three wavelengths. Airborne Laser Polarization Sensor (ALPS) measures optical polarization characteristics of land surface. Designed to be flown at altitudes of approximately 300 m to minimize any polarizing or depolarizing effects of intervening atmosphere and to look along nadir to minimize any effects depending on look angle. Data from measurements used in conjunction with data from ground surveys and aircraft-mounted video recorders to refine mathematical models used in interpretation of higher-altitude polarimetric measurements of reflected sunlight.
Development of an Architecture of Sun-Synchronous Orbital Slots to Minimize Conjunctions
Weeden, B.
Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO) satellites serve many important functions, primarily in the areas of Earth reconnaissance and weather. The orbital parameters of altitude, inclination and right ascension which allow for the unique utility of Sun-sync orbit limit these satellites to a very specific region of space. The popularity of these satellite missions combined with the use of similar engineering solutions has resulted in the majority of current Sun-sync satellites within this region having very similar inclinations and altitudes while also spaced around the Equator in right ascension, creating the opportunity for conjunctions at the polar crossing points and a serious safety issue that could endanger long-term sustainability of SSO. This paper outlines the development of a new architecture of SSO zoning to create specific slots separating SSO satellites in altitude, right ascension and time at all orbital intersections while minimizing the limitations on utility. A methodical approach for the development of the system is presented along with the work-to-date and a software tool for calculating repeating ground track orbits. The slot system is intended to allow for continued utility of and safe operation within SSO while greatly decreasing the chance of collisions at orbital intersections. This architecture is put forward as one possible element of a new Space Traffic Management (STM) system with the overall goal of maintaining the safe and continued used of space by all actors.
Spin-polarized currents in a two-terminal double quantum ring driven by magnetic fields and Rashba spin-orbit interaction
Dehghan, E.; Khoshnoud, D. Sanavi; Naeimi, A. S.
Aim of this study is to investigate spin transportation in double quantum ring (DQR). We developed an array of DQR to measure the transmission coefficient and analyze the spin transportation through this system in the presence of Rashba spin-orbit interaction (RSOI) and magnetic flux estimated using S-matrix method. In this article, we compute the spin transport and spin-current characteristics numerically as functions of electron energy, angles between the leads, coupling constant of the leads, RSOI, and magnetic flux. Our results suggest that, for typical values of the magnetic flux (ϕ /ϕ0) and Rashba constant (αR), such system can demonstrates many spintronic properties. It is possible to design a new geometry of DQR by incoming electrons polarization in a way to optimize the system to work as a spin-filtering and spin-inverting nano-device with very high efficiency. The results prove that the spin current will strongly modulate with an increase in the magnetic flux and Rashba constant. Moreover it is shown that, when the lead coupling is weak, the perfect spin-inverter does not occur.
Spin-polarization and spin-dependent logic gates in a double quantum ring based on Rashba spin-orbit effect: Non-equilibrium Green's function approach
Eslami, Leila; Esmaeilzadeh, Mahdi
Spin-dependent electron transport in an open double quantum ring, when each ring is made up of four quantum dots and threaded by a magnetic flux, is studied. Two independent and tunable gate voltages are applied to induce Rashba spin-orbit effect in the quantum rings. Using non-equilibrium Green's function formalism, we study the effects of electron-electron interaction on spin-dependent electron transport and show that although the electron-electron interaction induces an energy gap, it has no considerable effect when the bias voltage is sufficiently high. We also show that the double quantum ring can operate as a spin-filter for both spin up and spin down electrons. The spin-polarization of transmitted electrons can be tuned from −1 (pure spin-down current) to +1 (pure spin-up current) by changing the magnetic flux and/or the gates voltage. Also, the double quantum ring can act as AND and NOR gates when the system parameters such as Rashba coefficient are properly adjusted
The third post-Newtonian gravitational wave polarizations and associated spherical harmonic modes for inspiralling compact binaries in quasi-circular orbits
Blanchet, Luc; Faye, Guillaume; Iyer, Bala R; Sinha, Siddhartha
The gravitational waveform (GWF) generated by inspiralling compact binaries moving in quasi-circular orbits is computed at the third post-Newtonian (3PN) approximation to general relativity. Our motivation is two-fold: (i) to provide accurate templates for the data analysis of gravitational wave inspiral signals in laser interferometric detectors; (ii) to provide the associated spin-weighted spherical harmonic decomposition to facilitate comparison and match of the high post-Newtonian prediction for the inspiral waveform to the numerically-generated waveforms for the merger and ringdown. This extension of the GWF by half a PN order (with respect to previous work at 2.5PN order) is based on the algorithm of the multipolar post-Minkowskian formalism, and mandates the computation of the relations between the radiative, canonical and source multipole moments for general sources at 3PN order. We also obtain the 3PN extension of the source multipole moments in the case of compact binaries, and compute the contributions of hereditary terms (tails, tails-of-tails and memory integrals) up to 3PN order. The end results are given for both the complete plus and cross polarizations and the separate spin-weighted spherical harmonic modes
Detecting a Subsurface Ocean From Periodic Orbits at Enceladus
Casotto, S.; Padovan, S.; Russell, R. P.; Lara, M.
Enceladus is a small icy satellite of Saturn which has been observed by the Cassini orbiter to eject plumes mainly consisting of water vapor from the "tiger stripes" located near its South pole. While tidal heating has been ruled out as an inadequate energy source to drive these eruptions, tidally induced shear stress both along and across the stripes appears to be sufficiently powerful. The internal constitution of Enceladus that fits this model is likely to entail a thin crust and a subcrustal water layer above an undifferentiated interior. Apart from the lack of a core/mantle boundary, the situation is similar to the current hypothetical models of Europa's interior. The determination of the existence of a subsurface fluid layer can therefore be pursued with similar methods, including the study of the gravitational perturbations of tidal origin on an Enceladus orbiter, and the use of altimeter measurements to the tidally deformed surface. The dynamical environment of an Enceladus orbiter is made very unstable by the overwhelming presence of nearby Saturn. The Enceladus sphere of influence is roughly twice its radius. This makes it considerably more difficult to orbit than Europa, whose sphere of influence is ~six times its radius. While low-altitude, near-polar Enceladus orbits suffer extreme instability, recent works have extended the inclination envelope for long-term stable orbits at Enceladus. Several independent methods suggest that ~65 degrees inclination is the maximum attainable for stable, perturbed Keplerian motion. These orbits are non-circular and exist with altitude variations from ~200 to ~300 km. We propose a nominal reference orbit that enjoys long term stability and is favorable for long-term mapping and other scientific experiments. A brief excursion to a lower altitude, slightly higher inclined, yet highly unstable orbit is proposed to improve gravity signatures and enable high resolution, nadir-pointing experiments on the geysers emanating
Local time asymmetry of Pc 4--5 pulsations and associated particle modulations at synchronous orbit
Kokubun, S.; Erickson, K.N.; Fritz, T.A.; McPherron, R.L.
Magnetic field and particle flux observations on board ATS 6 at synchronous altitude are used to examine the dawn-dusk asymmetry of characteristics of Pc 4--5 waves and associated particle flux modulation. Most waves at synchronous orbit having ground correlations are polarized in the azimuthal direction (A class) and are usually detected in the dawn sector. Waves with a radially oriented polarization ellipse (R-class) are almost never observed near the subsatellite point on the ground, except for the regular pulsations known as giant pulsation Pg, observed in the early morning. R class Pc 4 waves occur at all local times and have an occurrence peak in the afternoon
Athletes at High Altitude.
Khodaee, Morteza; Grothe, Heather L; Seyfert, Jonathan H; VanBaak, Karin
Athletes at different skill levels perform strenuous physical activity at high altitude for a variety of reasons. Multiple team and endurance events are held at high altitude and may place athletes at increased risk for developing acute high altitude illness (AHAI). Training at high altitude has been a routine part of preparation for some of the high level athletes for a long time. There is a general belief that altitude training improves athletic performance for competitive and recreational athletes. A review of relevant publications between 1980 and 2015 was completed using PubMed and Google Scholar. Clinical review. Level 3. AHAI is a relatively uncommon and potentially serious condition among travelers to altitudes above 2500 m. The broad term AHAI includes several syndromes such as acute mountain sickness (AMS), high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), and high altitude cerebral edema (HACE). Athletes may be at higher risk for developing AHAI due to faster ascent and more vigorous exertion compared with nonathletes. Evidence regarding the effects of altitude training on athletic performance is weak. The natural live high, train low altitude training strategy may provide the best protocol for enhancing endurance performance in elite and subelite athletes. High altitude sports are generally safe for recreational athletes, but they should be aware of their individual risks. Individualized and appropriate acclimatization is an essential component of injury and illness prevention.
Polar Stratigraphy
These three images were taken on three different orbits over the north polar cap in April 1999. Each shows a different part of the same ice-free trough. The left and right images are separated by a distance of more than 100 kilometers (62 miles). Note the similar layers in each image.
Influence of the Choice of Lunar Gravity Model on Orbit Determination for Lunar Orbiters
Young-Rok Kim
Full Text Available We examine the influence of the lunar gravity model on the orbit determination (OD of a lunar orbiter operating in a 100 km high, lunar polar orbit. Doppler and sequential range measurements by three Deep Space Network antennas and one Korea Deep Space Antenna were used. For measurement simulation and OD analysis, STK11 and ODTK6 were utilized. GLGM2, LP100K, LP150Q, GRAIL420A, and GRAIL660B were used for investigation of lunar gravity model selection effect. OD results were assessed by position and velocity uncertainties with error covariance and an external orbit comparison using simulated true orbit. The effect of the lunar gravity models on the long-term OD, degree and order level, measurement-acquisition condition, and lunar altitude was investigated. For efficiency verification, computational times for the five lunar gravity models were compared. Results showed that significant improvements to OD accuracy are observed by applying a GRAIL-based model; however, applying a full order and degree gravity modeling is not always the best strategy, owing to the computational burden. Consequently, we consider that OD using GRAIL660B with 70 × 70 degree and order is the most efficient strategy for mission preanalysis. This study provides useful guideline for KPLO OD analysis during nominal mission operation.
Towards high temporal and moderate spatial resolutions in the remote sensing retrieval of evapotranspiration by combining geostationary and polar orbit satellite data
Barrios, José Miguel; Ghilain, Nicolas; Arboleda, Alirio; Gellens-Meulenberghs, Françoise
Evapotranspiration (ET) is the water flux going from the surface into the atmosphere as result of soil and surface water evaporation and plant transpiration. It constitutes a key component of the water cycle and its quantification is of crucial importance for a number of applications like water management, climatic modelling, agriculture monitoring and planning, etc. Estimating ET is not an easy task; specially if large areas are envisaged and various spatio-temporal patterns of ET are present as result of heterogeneity in land cover, land use and climatic conditions. In this respect, spaceborne remote sensing (RS) provides the only alternative to continuously measure surface parameters related to ET over large areas. The Royal Meteorological Institute (RMI) of Belgium, in the framework of EUMETSAT's "Land Surface Analysis-Satellite Application Facility" (LSA-SAF), has developed a model for the estimation of ET. The model is forced by RS data, numerical weather predictions and land cover information. The RS forcing is derived from measurements by the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) onboard the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite. This ET model is operational and delivers ET estimations over the whole field of view of the MSG satellite (Europe, Africa and Eastern South America) (http://landsaf.meteo.pt) every 30 minutes. The spatial resolution of MSG is 3 x 3 km at subsatellite point and about 4 x 5 km in continental Europe. The spatial resolution of this product may constrain its full exploitation as the interest of potential users (farmers and natural resources scientists) may lie on smaller spatial units. This study aimed at testing methodological alternatives to combine RS imagery (geostationary and polar orbit satellites) for the estimation of ET such that the spatial resolution of the final product is improved. In particular, the study consisted in the implementation of two approaches for combining the current ET estimations with
Cloud-based opportunities in scientific computing: insights from processing Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) Direct Broadcast data
Evans, J. D.; Hao, W.; Chettri, S.
The cloud is proving to be a uniquely promising platform for scientific computing. Our experience with processing satellite data using Amazon Web Services highlights several opportunities for enhanced performance, flexibility, and cost effectiveness in the cloud relative to traditional computing -- for example: - Direct readout from a polar-orbiting satellite such as the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) requires bursts of processing a few times a day, separated by quiet periods when the satellite is out of receiving range. In the cloud, by starting and stopping virtual machines in minutes, we can marshal significant computing resources quickly when needed, but not pay for them when not needed. To take advantage of this capability, we are automating a data-driven approach to the management of cloud computing resources, in which new data availability triggers the creation of new virtual machines (of variable size and processing power) which last only until the processing workflow is complete. - 'Spot instances' are virtual machines that run as long as one's asking price is higher than the provider's variable spot price. Spot instances can greatly reduce the cost of computing -- for software systems that are engineered to withstand unpredictable interruptions in service (as occurs when a spot price exceeds the asking price). We are implementing an approach to workflow management that allows data processing workflows to resume with minimal delays after temporary spot price spikes. This will allow systems to take full advantage of variably-priced 'utility computing.' - Thanks to virtual machine images, we can easily launch multiple, identical machines differentiated only by 'user data' containing individualized instructions (e.g., to fetch particular datasets or to perform certain workflows or algorithms) This is particularly useful when (as is the case with S-NPP data) we need to launch many very similar machines to process an unpredictable number of
Stability of orbits around planetary satellites considering a disturbing body in an elliptical orbit: Applications to Europa and Ganymede
Cardoso dos Santos, Josué; Carvalho, Jean Paulo; Vilhena de Moraes, Rodolpho
Europa and Ganymede are two of the four Jupiter’s moons which compose the Galilean satellite. These ones are planetary satellites of greater interest at the present moment among the scientific community. There are some missions being planned to visit them and and the Jovian system. One of them is the cooperation between NASA and ESA for the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). In this mission are planned the insertion of the spacecrafts JEO (Jupiter Europa Orbiter) and JGO (Jupiter Ganymede Orbiter) into Europa and Ganymede’s orbit. Thus, there is a great necessity for having a better comprehension of the dynamics of the orbits around this planetary satellite. This comprehension is essential for the success of this type of mission. In this context, this work aims to perform a search for low-altitude orbits around these planetary satellites. An emphasis is given in polar orbits. These orbits can be useful in the planning of aerospace activities to be conducted around this planetary satellite, with respect to the stability of orbits of artificial satellites. The study considers orbits of an artificial satellite around Europa and Ganymede under the influence of the third-body perturbation (the gravitational attraction of Jupiter) and the polygenic perturbations. These last ones occur due to forces such as the non-uniform distribution of mass (J2 and J3) of the main (central) body. A simplified dynamic model for polygenic perturbations is used. A new model for the third-body disturbance is presented considering it in an elliptical orbit. The Lagrange planetary equations, which compose a system of nonlinear differential equations, are used to describe the orbital motion of the artificial satellite around Ganymede. The equations showed here are developed in closed form to avoid expansions in inclination and eccentricity.
Characteristics of anomalous Hall effect in spin-polarized two-dimensional electron gases in the presence of both intrinsic, extrinsic, and external electric-field induced spin—orbit couplings
Liu Song; Yan Yu-Zhen; Hu Liang-Bin
The various competing contributions to the anomalous Hall effect in spin-polarized two-dimensional electron gases in the presence of both intrinsic, extrinsic and external electric-field induced spin—orbit coupling were investigated theoretically. Based on a unified semiclassical theoretical approach, it is shown that the total anomalous Hall conductivity can be expressed as the sum of three distinct contributions in the presence of these competing spin—orbit interactions, namely an intrinsic contribution determined by the Berry curvature in the momentum space, an extrinsic contribution determined by the modified Bloch band group velocity and an extrinsic contribution determined by spin—orbit-dependent impurity scattering. The characteristics of these competing contributions are discussed in detail in the paper. (condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties)
Classical altitude training.
Friedmann-Bette, B
For more than 40 years, the effects of classical altitude training on sea-level performance have been the subject of many scientific investigations in individual endurance sports. To our knowledge, no studies have been performed in team sports like football. Two well-controlled studies showed that living and training at an altitude of >or=1800-2700 m for 3-4 weeks is superior to equivalent training at sea level in well-trained athletes. Most of the controlled studies with elite athletes did not reveal such an effect. However, the results of some uncontrolled studies indicate that sea-level performance might be enhanced after altitude training also in elite athletes. Whether hypoxia provides an additional stimulus for muscular adaptation, when training is performed with equal intensity compared with sea-level training is not known. There is some evidence for an augmentation of total hemoglobin mass after classical altitude training with duration >or=3 weeks at an altitude >or=2000 m due to altitude acclimatization. Considerable individual variation is observed in the erythropoietic response to hypoxia and in the hypoxia-induced reduction of aerobic performance capacity during training at altitude, both of which are thought to contribute to inter-individual variation in the improvement of sea-level performance after altitude training.
HIGH-ALTITUDE ILLNESS
Dwitya Elvira
Full Text Available AbstrakHigh-altitude illness (HAI merupakan sekumpulan gejala paru dan otak yang terjadi pada orang yang baru pertama kali mendaki ke ketinggian. HAI terdiri dari acute mountain sickness (AMS, high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE dan high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE. Tujuan tinjauan pustaka ini adalah agar dokter dan wisatawan memahami risiko, tanda, gejala, dan pengobatan high-altitude illness. Perhatian banyak diberikan terhadap penyakit ini seiring dengan meningkatnya popularitas olahraga ekstrim (mendaki gunung tinggi, ski dan snowboarding dan adanya kemudahan serta ketersediaan perjalanan sehingga jutaan orang dapat terpapar bahaya HAI. Di Pherice, Nepal (ketinggian 4343 m, 43% pendaki mengalami gejala AMS. Pada studi yang dilakukan pada tempat wisata di resort ski Colorado, Honigman menggambarkan kejadian AMS 22% pada ketinggian 1850 m sampai 2750 m, sementara Dean menunjukkan 42% memiliki gejala pada ketinggian 3000 m. Aklimatisasi merupakan salah satu tindakan pencegahan yang dapat dilakukan sebelum pendakian, selain beberapa pengobatan seperti asetazolamid, dexamethasone, phosopodiestrase inhibitor, dan ginko biloba.Kata kunci: high-altitude illness, acute mountain sickness, edema cerebral, pulmonary edema AbstractHigh-altitude illness (HAI is symptoms of lung and brain that occurs in people who first climb to altitude. HAI includes acute mountain sickness (AMS, high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE and high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE. The objective of this review was to understand the risks, signs, symptoms, and treatment of high-altitude illness. The attention was given to this disease due to the rising popularity of extreme sports (high mountain climbing, skiing and snowboarding and the ease and availability of the current travelling, almost each year, millions of people could be exposed to the danger of HAI. In Pherice, Nepal (altitude 4343 m, 43% of climbers have symptoms of AMS. Furthermore, in a study conducted at sites in
Source of spin polarized electrons
Pierce, D.T.; Meier, F.A.; Siegmann, H.C.
A method is described of producing intense beams of polarized free electrons in which a semiconductor with a spin orbit split valence band and negative electron affinity is used as a photocathode and irradiated with circularly polarized light
Electron spin polarization induced by spin Hall effect in semiconductors with a linear in the momentum spin-orbit splitting of conduction band
Korenev, V. L.
It is shown that spin Hall effect creates uniform spin polarization of electrons in semiconductor with a linear in the momentum spin splitting of conduction band. In turn, the profile of the non-uniform spin polarization accumulated at the edge of the sample oscillates in space even in the absence of an external magnetic field.
Cassini ISS Observation of Saturn from Grand Finale Orbits
Blalock, J. J.; Sayanagi, K. M.; Ingersoll, A. P.; Dyudina, U.; Ewald, S. P.; McCabe, R. M.; Garland, J.; Gunnarson, J.; Gallego, A.
We present images captured during Cassini's Grand Finale orbits, and their preliminary analyses. During the final 22 orbits of the mission, the spacecraft is in orbits that have 6.5 day period at an inclination of 62 degrees, apoapsis altitude of about 1,272,000 km, and periapsis altitudes of about 2,500 km. Images captured during periapsis passes show Saturn's atmosphere at unprecedented spatial resolution. We present preliminary analyses of these images, including the final images captured before the end of the mission when the spacecraft enters Saturn's atmosphere on September 15th, 2017. Prominent features captured during the final orbits include the north polar vortex and other vortices as well as very detailed views of the "popcorn clouds" that reside between the Hexagon and the north pole. In the cloud field between zonal jets, clouds either resemble linear streaks suggestive of cirrus-like clouds or round shapes suggestive of vortices or cumulus anvil. The presence of linear streaks that follow lines of constant latitudes suggests that meridional mixing is inhibited at those latitudes. The size of vortices may reflect latitudinal variation in the atmospheric deformation radius. We also compare the new images to those captured earlier in the Cassini mission to characterize the temporal evolution such as changes in the zonal jet speeds, and prevalence and colors of vortices. A particular focus of our interest is the long-term change in the color of the hexagon, the evolution of the wind speeds in the jetstream that blows eastward at the boundary of the hexagon, and the morphology of the north polar vortex. Our work has been supported by NASA PATM NNX14AK07G, NSF AAG 1212216, and NASA NESSF NNX15AQ70H.
High altitude illness
Hartman-Ksycińska, Anna; Kluz-Zawadzka, Jolanta; Lewandowski, Bogumił
High-altitude illness is a result of prolonged high-altitude exposure of unacclimatized individuals. The illness is seen in the form of acute mountain sickness (AMS) which if not treated leads to potentially life-threatening high altitude pulmonary oedema and high-altitude cerebral oedema. Medical problems are caused by hypobaric hypoxia stimulating hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) release. As a result, the central nervous system, circulation and respiratory system function impairment occurs. The most important factor in AMS treatment is acclimatization, withdrawing further ascent and rest or beginning to descent; oxygen supplementation, and pharmacological intervention, and, if available, a portable hyperbaric chamber. Because of the popularity of high-mountain sports and tourism better education of the population at risk is essential.
Endurance training at altitude.
Saunders, Philo U; Pyne, David B; Gore, Christopher J
Since the 1968 Olympic Games when the effects of altitude on endurance performance became evident, moderate altitude training ( approximately 2000 to 3000 m) has become popular to improve competition performance both at altitude and sea level. When endurance athletes are exposed acutely to moderate altitude, a number of physiological responses occur that can comprise performance at altitude; these include increased ventilation, increased heart rate, decreased stroke volume, reduced plasma volume, and lower maximal aerobic power ((.)Vo(2max)) by approximately 15% to 20%. Over a period of several weeks, one primary acclimatization response is an increase in the volume of red blood cells and consequently of (.)Vo(2max). Altitudes > approximately 2000 m for >3 weeks and adequate iron stores are required to elicit these responses. However, the primacy of more red blood cells for superior sea-level performance is not clear-cut since the best endurance athletes in the world, from Ethiopia (approximately 2000 to 3000 m), have only marginally elevated hemoglobin concentrations. The substantial reduction in (.)Vo(2max) of athletes at moderate altitude implies that their training should include adequate short-duration (approximately 1 to 2 min), high-intensity efforts with long recoveries to avoid a reduction in race-specific fitness. At the elite level, athlete performance is not dependent solely on (.)Vo(2max), and the "smallest worthwhile change" in performance for improving race results is as little as 0.5%. Consequently, contemporary statistical approaches that utilize the concept of the smallest worthwhile change are likely to be more appropriate than conventional statistical methods when attempting to understand the potential benefits and mechanisms of altitude training.
Altitude and endurance training.
Rusko, Heikki K; Tikkanen, Heikki O; Peltonen, Juha E
The benefits of living and training at altitude (HiHi) for an improved altitude performance of athletes are clear, but controlled studies for an improved sea-level performance are controversial. The reasons for not having a positive effect of HiHi include: (1) the acclimatization effect may have been insufficient for elite athletes to stimulate an increase in red cell mass/haemoglobin mass because of too low an altitude (altitude training period (training effect at altitude may have been compromised due to insufficient training stimuli for enhancing the function of the neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems; and (3) enhanced stress with possible overtraining symptoms and an increased frequency of infections. Moreover, the effects of hypoxia in the brain may influence both training intensity and physiological responses during training at altitude. Thus, interrupting hypoxic exposure by training in normoxia may be a key factor in avoiding or minimizing the noxious effects that are known to occur in chronic hypoxia. When comparing HiHi and HiLo (living high and training low), it is obvious that both can induce a positive acclimatization effect and increase the oxygen transport capacity of blood, at least in 'responders', if certain prerequisites are met. The minimum dose to attain a haematological acclimatization effect is > 12 h a day for at least 3 weeks at an altitude or simulated altitude of 2100-2500 m. Exposure to hypoxia appears to have some positive transfer effects on subsequent training in normoxia during and after HiLo. The increased oxygen transport capacity of blood allows training at higher intensity during and after HiLo in subsequent normoxia, thereby increasing the potential to improve some neuromuscular and cardiovascular determinants of endurance performance. The effects of hypoxic training and intermittent short-term severe hypoxia at rest are not yet clear and they require further study.
Calculations of spin-polarized Goos-Hänchen displacement in magnetically confined GaAs/Al x Ga1-x As nanostructure modulated by spin-orbit couplings
Lu, Mao-Wang; Chen, Sai-Yan; Zhang, Gui-Lian; Huang, Xin-Hong
We theoretically investigate Goos-Hänchen (GH) displacement by modelling the spin transport in an archetypal device structure—a magnetically confined GaAs/Al x Ga1-x As nanostructure modulated by spin-orbit coupling (SOC). Both Rashba and Dresselhaus SOCs are taken into account. The degree of spin-polarized GH displacement can be tuned by Rashba or Dresselhaus SOC, i.e. interfacial confining electric field or strain engineering. Based on such a semiconductor nanostructure, a controllable spatial spin splitter can be proposed for spintronics applications.
Calculations of spin-polarized Goos-Hänchen displacement in magnetically confined GaAs/Al x Ga1-x As nanostructure modulated by spin-orbit couplings.
We theoretically investigate Goos-Hänchen (GH) displacement by modelling the spin transport in an archetypal device structure-a magnetically confined GaAs/Al x Ga 1-x As nanostructure modulated by spin-orbit coupling (SOC). Both Rashba and Dresselhaus SOCs are taken into account. The degree of spin-polarized GH displacement can be tuned by Rashba or Dresselhaus SOC, i.e. interfacial confining electric field or strain engineering. Based on such a semiconductor nanostructure, a controllable spatial spin splitter can be proposed for spintronics applications.
Four Years on Orbit at the Moon with LOLA
Smith, D. E.; Zuber, M. T.; Neumann, G. A.; Mazarico, E.; Torrence, M. H.; Lemoine, F. G.
After four years of near-continuous operation at the Moon, the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) continues to collect altimetry, surface roughness, slope and normal reflectance data. Although the instrument is beginning to show the effects of tens of thousands of thermal cycles and the natural process of the aging of the laser transmitters, LOLA continues to acquire data on the sunlit portion of every orbit on all 5 laser beams when below 100-km altitude. LOLA has acquired over 6x10^9 altimeter measurements, all geodetically controlled to the center-of-mass of the Moon with a radial precision of around 10 cm and an accuracy of about 1 meter. The position of the measurements on the lunar surface is primarily limited by the knowledge of the position of the spacecraft in orbit; in the last year the LRO orbit accuracy has improved significantly as a result of the availability of an accurate gravity model of the Moon from the GRAIL Discovery mission. Our present estimate of positional accuracy is less than 10 m rms but is only achievable with a GRAIL gravity model to at least degree and order 600 because of the perturbing gravitational effect of the Moon's surface features. Significant improvements in the global shape and topography have assisted the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) stereo mapping program, and the identification of potential lunar landing sites for ESA and Russia, particularly in the high-latitude polar regions where 5- and 10-meter average horizontal resolution has been obtained. LOLA's detailed mapping of the polar regions has improved the delineation of permanently-shadowed areas and assisted in the understanding of the LEND neutron data and its relationship to surface slopes. Recently, a global, calibrated LOLA normal albedo dataset at 1064 nm has been developed and is being combined with analysis and modeling by the Diviner team for the identification of the coldest locations in the polar regions.
High Altitude and Heart
Murat Yalcin
Full Text Available Nowadays, situations associated with high altitude such as mountaineering, aviation increasingly draw the attention of people. Gas pressure decreases and hypoxia is encountered when climbing higher. Physiological and pathological responses of human body to different heights are different. Therefore, physiological and pathological changes that may occur together with height and to know the clinical outcomes of these are important . Acute mountain sickness caused by high altitude and high altitude cerebral edema are preventable diseases with appropriate precautions. Atmospheric oxygen decreasing with height, initiates many adaptive mechanisms. These adaptation mechanisms and acclimatization vary widely among individuals because of reasons such as environmental factors, exercise and cold. High altitude causes different changes in the cardiovascular system with various mechanisms. Although normal individuals easily adapt to these changes, this situation can lead to undesirable results in people with heart disease. For this reason, it should be known the effective evaluation of the people with known heart disease before traveling to high altitude and the complications due to the changes with height and the recommendations can be made to these patients. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2011; 10(2.000: 211-222
The Study of a Super Low Altitude Satellite
Noda, Atsushi; Homma, Masanori; Utashima, Masayoshi
This paper reports the result of a study for super low altitude satellite. The altitude of this satellite's orbit is lower than ever. The altitude of a conventional earth observing satellite is generally around from 600km to 900km. The lowest altitude of earth observing satellite launched in Japan was 350km; the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). By comparison, the satellite reported in this paper is much lower than that and it is planned to orbit below 200km. Furthermore, the duration of the flight planned is more than two years. Any satellite in the world has not achieved to keep such a low altitude that long term. The satellite in such a low orbit drops quickly because of the strong air drag. Our satellite will cancel the air drag effect by ion engine thrust. To realize this idea, a drag-free system will be applied. This usually leads a complicated and expensive satellite system. We, however, succeeded in finding a robust control law for a simple system even under the unpredictable change of air drag. When the altitude of the satellite is lowered successfully, the spatial resolution of an optical sensor can be highly improved. If a SAR is equipped with the satellite, it enables the drastic reduction of electric power consumption and the fabulous spatial resolution improvement at the same time.
Ionization of oriented targets by intense circularly polarized laser pulses: Imprints of orbital angular nodes in the two-dimensional momentum distribution
Martiny, Christian; Abu-Samha, Mahmoud; Madsen, Lars Bojer
We solve the three-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation for a few-cycle circularly polarized femtosecond laser pulse that interacts with an oriented target exemplified by an argon atom, initially in a 3px or 3py state. The photoelectron momentum distributions show distinct signatures o...
Evidence for Surface Water Ice in the Lunar Polar Regions Using Reflectance Measurements from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter and Temperature Measurements from the Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment
Fisher, Elizabeth A.; Lucey, Paul G.; Lemelin, Myriam; Greenhagen, Benjamin T.; Siegler, Matthew A.; Mazarico, Erwan; Aharonson, Oded; Williams, Jean-Pierre; Hayne, Paul O.; Neumann, Gregory A.;
We find that the reflectance of the lunar surface within 5 deg of latitude of theSouth Pole increases rapidly with decreasing temperature, near approximately 110K, behavior consistent with the presence of surface water ice. The North polar region does not show this behavior, nor do South polar surfaces at latitudes more than 5 deg from the pole. This South pole reflectance anomaly persists when analysis is limited to surfaces with slopes less than 10 deg to eliminate false detection due to the brightening effect of mass wasting, and also when the very bright south polar crater Shackleton is excluded from the analysis. We also find that south polar regions of permanent shadow that have been reported to be generally brighter at 1064 nm do not show anomalous reflectance when their annual maximum surface temperatures are too high to preserve water ice. This distinction is not observed at the North Pole. The reflectance excursion on surfaces with maximum temperatures below 110K is superimposed on a general trend of increasing reflectance with decreasing maximum temperature that is present throughout the polar regions in the north and south; we attribute this trend to a temperature or illumination-dependent space weathering effect (e.g. Hemingway et al. 2015). We also find a sudden increase in reflectance with decreasing temperature superimposed on the general trend at 200K and possibly at 300K. This may indicate the presence of other volatiles such as sulfur or organics. We identified and mapped surfaces with reflectances so high as to be unlikely to be part of an ice-free population. In this south we find a similar distribution found by Hayne et al. 2015 based on UV properties. In the north a cluster of pixels near that pole may represent a limited frost exposure.
Fisher, Elizabeth A.; Lucey, Paul G.; Lemelin, Myriam; Greenhagen, Benjamin T.; Siegler, Matthew A.; Mazarico, Erwan; Aharonson, Oded; Williams, Jean-Pierre; Hayne, Paul O.; Neumann, Gregory A.; Paige, David A.; Smith, David E.; Zuber, Maria T.
We find that the reflectance of the lunar surface within 5° of latitude of the South Pole increases rapidly with decreasing temperature, near ∼110 K, behavior consistent with the presence of surface water ice. The North polar region does not show this behavior, nor do South polar surfaces at latitudes more than 5° from the pole. This South pole reflectance anomaly persists when analysis is limited to surfaces with slopes less than 10° to eliminate false detection due to the brightening effect of mass wasting, and also when the very bright south polar crater Shackleton is excluded from the analysis. We also find that south polar regions of permanent shadow that have been reported to be generally brighter at 1064 nm do not show anomalous reflectance when their annual maximum surface temperatures are too high to preserve water ice. This distinction is not observed at the North Pole. The reflectance excursion on surfaces with maximum temperatures below 110 K is superimposed on a general trend of increasing reflectance with decreasing maximum temperature that is present throughout the polar regions in the north and south; we attribute this trend to a temperature or illumination-dependent space weathering effect (e.g. Hemingway et al., 2015). We also find a sudden increase in reflectance with decreasing temperature superimposed on the general trend at 200 K and possibly at 300 K. This may indicate the presence of other volatiles such as sulfur or organics. We identified and mapped surfaces with reflectances so high as to be unlikely to be part of an ice-free population. In this south we find a similar distribution found by Hayne et al. (2015) based on UV properties. In the north a cluster of pixels near that pole may represent a limited frost exposure.
Lidar Orbital Angular Momentum Sensor
National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The recognition in recent decades that electromagnetic fields have angular momentum (AM) in the form of not only polarization (or spin AM) but also orbital (OAM) has...
High altitude organic gold
Pouliot, Mariève; Pyakurel, Dipesh; Smith-Hall, Carsten
Ethnopharmacological relevance Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) G.H.Sung, J.M.Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora, a high altitude Himalayan fungus-caterpillar product found in alpine meadows in China, Bhutan, Nepal, and India, has been used in the Traditional Chinese Medicine system for over 2000 years...
Peripheral orbit model
Hara, Yasuo
Peripheral orbit model, in which an incoming hadron is assumed to revolve in a peripheral orbit around a target hadron, is discussed. The non-diffractive parts of two-body reaction amplitudes of hadrons are expressed in terms of the radius, width an absorptivity of the orbit. The radius of the orbit is about 1 fm and the width of the orbit is determined by the range of the interaction between the hadrons. The model reproduces all available experimental data on differential cross-sections and polarizations of $K^{-}p\\to K^{-}p$ and $\\bar K^{\\circ}n$ reactions for all angles successfully. This contribution is not included in the proceedings since it will appear in Progress of Theoretical Physics Vol. 51 (1974) No 2. Any person interested in the subject may apply for reprints to the author.
Design and "As Flown" Radiation Environments for Materials in Low Earth Orbit
Minow, Joseph; McWilliams, Brett; Altstatt, Richard; Koontz, Steven
the ISS flight trajectory including variations in altitude due to decay of the vehicle orbit and periodic reboosts to higher altitudes. In addition, an estimate of the AE-8 model to predict low Earth orbit electron flux (because the radiation dose for thin materials is dominated by the electron component of the radiation environment) is presented based on comparisons of the AE-8 model to measurements of electron integral flux at approximately 850 km from the Medium Energy Proton and Electron Detector on board the NOAA Polar Operational Environmental Satellite.
Polar Polygons
18 August 2005 This Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) image shows dark-outlined polygons on a frost-covered surface in the south polar region of Mars. In summer, this surface would not be bright and the polygons would not have dark outlines--these are a product of the presence of seasonal frost. Location near: 77.2oS, 204.8oW Image width: width: 3 km (1.9 mi) Illumination from: upper left Season: Southern Spring
Optic neuropathy following an altitude exposure.
Steigleman, Allan; Butler, Frank; Chhoeu, Austin; O'Malley, Timothy; Bower, Eric; Giebner, Stephen
This case report describes a 20-yr-old man who presented with retro-orbital pain and blurred vision in his left eye 3 wk after an altitude exposure in a hypobaric chamber. He was found to have significant deficits in color vision and visual fields consistent with an optic neuropathy in his left eye. The patient was diagnosed with decompression sickness and treated with hyperbaric oxygen with a U.S. Navy Treatment Table VI. All signs and symptoms resolved with a single hyperbaric oxygen treatment but recurred. A head MRI revealed a left frontoethmoid sinus opacity. A concomitant sinusitis was diagnosed. The patient had full resolution of symptoms after a total of four hyperbaric oxygen treatments and antibiotic therapy at 6-wk follow-up. Although a para-infectious etiology for this patient's optic neuropathy cannot be excluded, his history of altitude exposure and significant, rapid response to hyperbaric oxygen treatment strongly implies decompression sickness in this case.
Polarization effects in hadron fragmentation
Lednicky, R.
Hadron polarization (spin alignment) and polarization asymmetry are discussed in terms of the quark recombination model with the spin-orbit interaction taken into account. It is shown that predictions of this model are at least in qualitative agreement with experimental data. Various polarization mechanisms in terms of this model and the possibility of their checking are also discussed
Orbital Dynamics of Low-Earth Orbit Laser-Propelled Space Vehicles
Yamakawa, Hiroshi; Funaki, Ikkoh; Komurasaki, Kimiya
Trajectories applicable to laser-propelled space vehicles with a laser station in low-Earth orbit are investigated. Laser vehicles are initially located in the vicinity of the Earth-orbiting laser station in low-earth orbit at an altitude of several hundreds kilometers, and are accelerated by laser beaming from the laser station. The laser-propelled vehicles start from low-earth orbit and finally escape from the Earth gravity well, enabling interplanetary trajectories and planetary exploration
Characteristics of high altitude oxygen ion energization and outflow as observed by Cluster: a statistical study
Nilsson, H.; Waara, M.; Arvelius, S.; Yamauchi, M.; Lundin, R. [Inst. of Space Physics, Kiruna (Sweden); Marghitu, O. [Max-Planck-Inst. fuer Extraterrestriche Physik, Garching (Germany); Inst. for Space Sciences, Bucharest (Romania); Bouhram, M. [Max-Planck-Inst. fuer Extraterrestriche Physik, Garching (Germany); CETP-CNRS, Saint-Maur (France); Hobara, Y. [Inst. of Space Physics, Kiruna (Sweden); Univ. of Sheffield, Sheffield (United Kingdom); Reme, H.; Sauvaud, J.A.; Dandouras, I. [Centre d' Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, Toulouse (France); Balogh, A. [Imperial Coll. of Science, Technology and Medicine, London (United Kingdom); Kistler, L.M. [Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham (United States); Klecker, B. [Max-Planck-Inst. fuer Extraterrestriche Physik, Garching (Germany); Carlson, C.W. [Space Science Lab., Univ. of California, Berkeley (United States); Bavassano-Cattaneo, M.B. [Ist. di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, Roma (Italy); Korth, A. [Max-Planck-Inst. fuer Sonnensystemforschung, Katlenburg-Lindau (Germany)
The results of a statistical study of oxygen ion outflow using cluster data obtained at high altitude above the polar cap is reported. Moment data for both hydrogen ions (H{sup +}) and oxygen ions (O{sup +}) from 3 years (2001-2003) of spring orbits (January to May) have been used. The altitudes covered were mainly in the range 5-12 R{sub E} geocentric distance. It was found that O{sup +} is significantly transversely energized at high altitudes, indicated both by high perpendicular temperatures for low magnetic field values as well as by a tendency towards higher perpendicular than parallel temperature distributions for the highest observed temperatures. The O{sup +} parallel bulk velocity increases with altitude in particular for the lowest observed altitude intervals. O{sup +} parallel bulk velocities in excess of 60 km s{sup -1} were found mainly at higher altitudes corresponding to magnetic field strengths of less than 100 nT. For the highest observed parallel bulk velocities of O{sup +} the thermal velocity exceeds the bulk velocity, indicating that the beam-like character of the distribution is lost. The parallel bulk velocity of the H{sup +} and O{sup +} was found to typically be close to the same throughout the observation interval when the H{sup +} bulk velocity was calculated for all pitch-angles. When the H{sup +} bulk velocity was calculated for upward moving particles only the H{sup +} parallel bulk velocity was typically higher than that of O{sup +}. The parallel bulk velocity is close to the same for a wide range of relative abundance of the two ion species, including when the O{sup +} ions dominates. The thermal velocity of O{sup +} was always well below that of H{sup +}. Thus perpendicular energization that is more effective for O{sup +} takes place, but this is not enough to explain the close to similar parallel velocities. Further parallel acceleration must occur. The results presented constrain the models of perpendicular heating and parallel
H. Nilsson
Full Text Available The results of a statistical study of oxygen ion outflow using Cluster data obtained at high altitude above the polar cap is reported. Moment data for both hydrogen ions (H+ and oxygen ions (O+ from 3 years (2001-2003 of spring orbits (January to May have been used. The altitudes covered were mainly in the range 5–12 RE geocentric distance. It was found that O+ is significantly transversely energized at high altitudes, indicated both by high perpendicular temperatures for low magnetic field values as well as by a tendency towards higher perpendicular than parallel temperature distributions for the highest observed temperatures. The O+ parallel bulk velocity increases with altitude in particular for the lowest observed altitude intervals. O+ parallel bulk velocities in excess of 60 km s-1 were found mainly at higher altitudes corresponding to magnetic field strengths of less than 100 nT. For the highest observed parallel bulk velocities of O+ the thermal velocity exceeds the bulk velocity, indicating that the beam-like character of the distribution is lost. The parallel bulk velocity of the H+ and O+ was found to typically be close to the same throughout the observation interval when the H+ bulk velocity was calculated for all pitch-angles. When the H+ bulk velocity was calculated for upward moving particles only the H+ parallel bulk velocity was typically higher than that of O+. The parallel bulk velocity is close to the same for a wide range of relative abundance of the two ion species, including when the O+ ions dominates. The thermal velocity of O+ was always well below that of H+. Thus perpendicular energization that is more effective for O+ takes place, but this is not enough to explain the close to similar parallel velocities. Further
Full Text Available The results of a statistical study of oxygen ion outflow using Cluster data obtained at high altitude above the polar cap is reported. Moment data for both hydrogen ions (H+ and oxygen ions (O+ from 3 years (2001-2003 of spring orbits (January to May have been used. The altitudes covered were mainly in the range 5–12 RE geocentric distance. It was found that O+ is significantly transversely energized at high altitudes, indicated both by high perpendicular temperatures for low magnetic field values as well as by a tendency towards higher perpendicular than parallel temperature distributions for the highest observed temperatures. The O+ parallel bulk velocity increases with altitude in particular for the lowest observed altitude intervals. O+ parallel bulk velocities in excess of 60 km s-1 were found mainly at higher altitudes corresponding to magnetic field strengths of less than 100 nT. For the highest observed parallel bulk velocities of O+ the thermal velocity exceeds the bulk velocity, indicating that the beam-like character of the distribution is lost. The parallel bulk velocity of the H+ and O+ was found to typically be close to the same throughout the observation interval when the H+ bulk velocity was calculated for all pitch-angles. When the H+ bulk velocity was calculated for upward moving particles only the H+ parallel bulk velocity was typically higher than that of O+. The parallel bulk velocity is close to the same for a wide range of relative abundance of the two ion species, including when the O+ ions dominates. The thermal velocity of O+ was always well below that of H+. Thus perpendicular energization that is more effective for O+ takes place, but this is not enough to explain the close to similar parallel velocities. Further parallel acceleration must occur. The results presented constrain the models of perpendicular heating and parallel acceleration. In particular centrifugal acceleration of the outflowing ions, which may
Induced spin-accumulation and spin-polarization in a quantum-dot ring by using magnetic quantum dots and Rashba spin-orbit effect
Eslami, L.; Faizabadi, E.
The effect of magnetic contacts on spin-dependent electron transport and spin-accumulation in a quantum ring, which is threaded by a magnetic flux, is studied. The quantum ring is made up of four quantum dots, where two of them possess magnetic structure and other ones are subjected to the Rashba spin-orbit coupling. The magnetic quantum dots, referred to as magnetic quantum contacts, are connected to two external leads. Two different configurations of magnetic moments of the quantum contacts are considered; the parallel and the anti-parallel ones. When the magnetic moments are parallel, the degeneracy between the transmission coefficients of spin-up and spin-down electrons is lifted and the system can be adjusted to operate as a spin-filter. In addition, the accumulation of spin-up and spin-down electrons in non-magnetic quantum dots are different in the case of parallel magnetic moments. When the intra-dot Coulomb interaction is taken into account, we find that the electron interactions participate in separation between the accumulations of electrons with different spin directions in non-magnetic quantum dots. Furthermore, the spin-accumulation in non-magnetic quantum dots can be tuned in the both parallel and anti-parallel magnetic moments by adjusting the Rashba spin-orbit strength and the magnetic flux. Thus, the quantum ring with magnetic quantum contacts could be utilized to create tunable local magnetic moments which can be used in designing optimized nanodevices.
Observations of upflowing ionospheric ions in the mid-altitude cusp/cleft region with the Viking satellite
Thelin, B.; Aparicio, B.; Lundin, R.
Measurements of positive ions (0.1-10 keV) from the polar-orbiting Viking satellite have been obtained in the cusp/cleft region and have been tabulated in MLT versus invariant latitude plots to get a synoptic picture of the occurrence of upgoing auroral positive ions. A distinction was made between ion distributions with peak fluxes along B (ion beam) and those exhibiting flux maxima that are not field-aligned (conics). Both beams and conics are shown to be common auroral phenomena, whose frequencies of occurrence in MLT, invariant latitude, and altitude were studied. During the period of study (March-June 1986) the ion beams were more frequenty (about a factor of 2) in the dusk sector than in the dawn sector. This effect seemed to increase with magnetic activity but was mostly unchanged with the sign of the interplanetary magnetic field B y component. An investigation was also made of the invariant latitude dependence for beams and conics, where the dawn sector beams have a tendency to be lcoated toward higher invariant latitudes for both positive and negative B y components. The ion beams were observed primarily above 5,000 km with a frequency of occurrence increasing with altitude up to the satellite apogee at about 13,500 km. The ion conics were observed from above 7,000 km to be steadily increasing in altitude
Operational factors affecting microgravity levels in orbit
Olsen, R. E.; Mockovciak, J., Jr.
Microgravity levels desired for proposed materials processing payloads are fundamental considerations in the design of future space platforms. Disturbance sources, such as aerodynamic drag, attitude control torques, crew motion and orbital dynamics, influence the microgravity levels attainable in orbit. The nature of these effects are assessed relative to platform design parameters such as orbital altitude and configuration geometry, and examples are presented for a representative spacecraft configuration. The possible applications of control techniques to provide extremely low acceleration levels are also discussed.
[Arterial hypertension due to altitude].
Domej, Wolfgang; Trapp, Michael; Miggitsch, Eva Maria; Krakher, Tiziana; Riedlbauer, Rita; Roher, Peter; Schwaberger, Günther
The behavior of blood pressure under hypoxic conditions depends on individual factors, altitude and duration of stay at altitude. While most humans are normotensive at higher altitudes, a few will react with moderate hypertension or hypotension. Excessive elevation of arterial blood pressure is not even to be expected below 4,000 m. Rather, several weeks' stay at higher altitude will decrease systolic and diastolic blood pressure at rest as well as during physical exertion. A high-altitude treatment for rehabilitation purposes at moderate altitude may be recommended for patients with cardio-circulatory disorders. Improvements can last several months even after returning to accustomed altitudes. Furthermore, endurance-trained hypertensive patients with pharmacologically controlled arterial blood pressure might be able to participate in mountain treks without additional health risk.
Low altitude observations of the energetic electrons in the outer radiation belt during isolated substorms
Varga, L.; Venkatesan, D.; Johns Hopkins Univ., Laurel, MD; Meng, C.I.
The low energy (1-20 keV) detector registering particles onboard the polar-orbiting low altitude (approx. 850 km) DMSP-F2 and -F3 satellites also records high energy electrons penetrating the detector walls. Thus the dynamics of this electron population at L=3.5 can be studied during isolated periods of magnetospheric substorms identified by the indices of auroral electrojet (AE), geomagnetic (Ksub(p)) and ring current (Dsub(st)). Temporal changes in the electron flux during the substorms are observed to be an additional contribution riding over the top of the pre-storm (or geomagnetically quiet-time) electron population; the duration of the interval of intensity variations is observed to be about the same as that of the enhancement of the AE index. This indicates the temporal response of the outer radiation belt to the substorm activity, since the observation was made in the ''horns'' of the outer radiation belt. The observed enhanced radiation at low altitude may associate with the instantaneous increase and/or dumping of the outer radiation belt energetic electrons during each isolated substorm activity. (author)
A novel orbiter mission concept for venus with the EnVision proposal
de Oliveira, Marta R. R.; Gil, Paulo J. S.; Ghail, Richard
In space exploration, planetary orbiter missions are essential to gain insight into planets as a whole, and to help uncover unanswered scientific questions. In particular, the planets closest to the Earth have been a privileged target of the world's leading space agencies. EnVision is a mission proposal designed for Venus and competing for ESA's next launch opportunity with the objective of studying Earth's closest neighbor. The main goal is to study geological and atmospheric processes, namely surface processes, interior dynamics and atmosphere, to determine the reasons behind Venus and Earth's radically different evolution despite the planets' similarities. To achieve these goals, the operational orbit selection is a fundamental element of the mission design process. The design of an orbit around Venus faces specific challenges, such as the impossibility of choosing Sun-synchronous orbits. In this paper, an innovative genetic algorithm optimization was applied to select the optimal orbit based on the parameters with more influence in the mission planning, in particular the mission duration and the coverage of sites of interest on the Venusian surface. The solution obtained is a near-polar circular orbit with an altitude of 259 km that enables the coverage of all priority targets almost two times faster than with the parameters considered before this study.
Earth Orbiting Support Systems for commercial low Earth orbit data relay: Assessing architectures through tradespace exploration
Palermo, Gianluca; Golkar, Alessandro; Gaudenzi, Paolo
As small satellites and Sun Synchronous Earth Observation systems are assuming an increased role in nowadays space activities, including commercial investments, it is of interest to assess how infrastructures could be developed to support the development of such systems and other spacecraft that could benefit from having a data relay service in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), as opposed to traditional Geostationary relays. This paper presents a tradespace exploration study of the architecture of such LEO commercial satellite data relay systems, here defined as Earth Orbiting Support Systems (EOSS). The paper proposes a methodology to formulate architectural decisions for EOSS constellations, and enumerate the corresponding tradespace of feasible architectures. Evaluation metrics are proposed to measure benefits and costs of architectures; lastly, a multicriteria Pareto criterion is used to downselect optimal architectures for subsequent analysis. The methodology is applied to two case studies for a set of 30 and 100 customer-spacecraft respectively, representing potential markets for LEO services in Exploration, Earth Observation, Science, and CubeSats. Pareto analysis shows how increased performance of the constellation is always achieved by an increased node size, as measured by the gain of the communications antenna mounted on EOSS spacecraft. On the other hand, nonlinear trends in optimal orbital altitude, number of satellites per plane, and number of orbital planes, are found in both cases. An upward trend in individual node memory capacity is found, although never exceeding 256 Gbits of onboard memory for both cases that have been considered, assuming the availability of a polar ground station for EOSS data downlink. System architects can use the proposed methodology to identify optimal EOSS constellations for a given service pricing strategy and customer target, thus identifying alternatives for selection by decision makers.
Brain Food at High Altitude.
Jain, Vishal
Scenic view at high altitude is a pleasure to the eyes, but it has some shortcoming effects as well. High altitude can be divided into different categories, i.e., high altitude (3000-5000 ft), very high altitude (5000-8000 ft), and extreme altitude (above 8000 ft). Much of the population resides at high altitude, and others go there for tourism. Military personnel are also posted there to defend boundaries. As we ascent to high altitude, partial pressure of oxygen reduces, whereas concentration remains the same; this reduces the availability of oxygen to different body parts. This pathophysiological condition is known as hypobaric hypoxia (HH) which leads to oxidative stress and further causes cognitive dysfunction in some cases. Hypoxia causes neurodegeneration in different brain regions; however, the hippocampus is found to be more prone in comparison to other brain regions. As the hippocampus is affected most, therefore, spatial memory is impaired most during such condition. This chapter will give a brief review of the damaging effect of high altitude on cognition and also throw light on possible herbal interventions at high altitude, which can improve cognitive performance as well as provide protection against the deteriorating effect of hypobaric hypoxia at high altitude.
Project Freebird: An orbital transfer vehicle
Aneses, Carlos A.; Blanchette, Ryan L.; Brann, David M.; Campos, Mario J.; Cohen, Lisa E.; Corcoran, Daniel J., III; Cox, James F.; Curtis, Trevor J.; Douglass, Deborah A.; Downard, Catherine L.
Freebird is a space-based orbital transfer vehicle designed to repair and deorbit orbital assets. Freebird is based at International Space Station Alpha (ISSA) at an inclination of 51.6 deg and is capable of three types of missions: crewed and teleoperated LEO missions, and extended robotic missions. In a crewed local configuration, the vehicle can visit inclinations between 30.8 deg and 72.4 deg at altitudes close to 390 km. Adding extra fuel tanks extends this range of inclination up to 84.9 deg and down to 18.3 deg. Furthermore, removing the crew module, using the vehicle in a teleoperated manner, and operating with extra fuel tanks allows missions to polar and geosynchronous orbits. To allow for mission flexibility, the vehicle was designed in a semimodular configuration. The major system components include a crew module, a 'smart box' (which contains command, communications, guidance, and navigation equipment), a propulsion pack, extra fuel tanks, and a vehicle storage facility (VSF) for storage purposes. To minimize risk as well as development time and cost, the vehicle was designed using only proven technology or technology which is expected to be flight-qualified in time for the intended launch date of 2002. And, because Freebird carries crew and operates near the space station, it must meet or exceed the NASA reliability standard of 0.994, as well as other standard requirements for such vehicles. The Freebird program was conceived and designed as a way to provide important and currently unavailable satellite repair and replacement services of a value equal to or exceeding operational costs.
Dynamics of the outer radiation belts and their links with the polar substorms and the injection of hot plasma at the geostationary orbit
Sauvaud, J.A.; Winckler, J.R.
The aim of this paper is to analyse the results obtained aboard geostationary satellites and on the ground, in the auroral zone, on the dynamic changes in the outer radiation belts and their link with the time development of auroral forms during magnetospheric substorms. The measurements of high-energy particles, plasma, and magnetic induction at 6.6 Rsub(E) in the local midnight sector indicate the existence of a pre-expansion phase in substorms during which the outer belts move toward the Earth under the effect of the modification in the topology of the local magnetic induction. The pre-expansion phase coincides with an increase in the AE index, suggesting a direct link between the electrojet and the currents flowing across the tail of the magnetosphere. It also coincides in the auroral zone with the intensification and movement of the quiet arc system toward the equator. The phase is invariably terminated at the beginning of the expansion of the substorm by the break-up of the auroral arcs and the injection of hot plasma at the geostationary orbit near local midnight under the action of the induced electric field associated with the collapse of the geomagnetic field force lines. The study of the data, event by event, shows the complexity of phenomena which may be involved during the pre-expansion phase particularly with the possible presence of pseudo-substorms or aborted (minor) substorms which do not modify the general evolution described above [fr
Orbit Functions
Anatoliy Klimyk
Full Text Available In the paper, properties of orbit functions are reviewed and further developed. Orbit functions on the Euclidean space E_n are symmetrized exponential functions. The symmetrization is fulfilled by a Weyl group corresponding to a Coxeter-Dynkin diagram. Properties of such functions will be described. An orbit function is the contribution to an irreducible character of a compact semisimple Lie group G of rank n from one of its Weyl group orbits. It is shown that values of orbit functions are repeated on copies of the fundamental domain F of the affine Weyl group (determined by the initial Weyl group in the entire Euclidean space E_n. Orbit functions are solutions of the corresponding Laplace equation in E_n, satisfying the Neumann condition on the boundary of F. Orbit functions determine a symmetrized Fourier transform and a transform on a finite set of points.
Instrumentation with polarized neutrons
Boeni, P.; Muenzer, W.; Ostermann, A.
Neutron scattering with polarization analysis is an indispensable tool for the investigation of novel materials exhibiting electronic, magnetic, and orbital degrees of freedom. In addition, polarized neutrons are necessary for neutron spin precession techniques that path the way to obtain extremely high resolution in space and time. Last but not least, polarized neutrons are being used for fundamental studies as well as very recently for neutron imaging. Many years ago, neutron beam lines were simply adapted for polarized beam applications by adding polarizing elements leading usually to unacceptable losses in neutron intensity. Recently, an increasing number of beam lines are designed such that an optimum use of polarized neutrons is facilitated. In addition, marked progress has been obtained in the technology of 3 He polarizers and the reflectivity of large-m supermirrors. Therefore, if properly designed, only factors of approximately 2-3 in neutron intensity are lost. It is shown that S-benders provide neutron beams with an almost wavelength independent polarization. Using twin cavities, polarized beams with a homogeneous phase space and P>0.99 can be produced without significantly sacrificing intensity. It is argued that elliptic guides, which are coated with large m polarizing supermirrors, provide the highest flux.
Spatial analysis of galactic cosmic ray particles in low earth orbit/near equator orbit using SPENVIS
Suparta, W; Zulkeple, S K
The space environment has grown intensively harmful to spacecraft and astronauts. Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) are one of the radiation sources that composed of high energetic particles originated from space and capable of damaging electronic systems through single event upset (SEU) process. In this paper, we analyzed GCR fluxes at different altitudes by using Space Environment Information System (SPENVIS) software and the results are compared to determine their intensities with respect to distance in the Earth's orbit. The altitudes are set at low earth orbit (400 km and 685 km), medium earth orbit (19,100 km and 20,200 km) and high earth orbit (35,793 km and 1,000,000 km). Then, within Low Earth Orbit (LEO) near the equator (NEqO), we used altitude of 685 km to compare GCRs with the intensities of solar particles and trapped particles in the radiation belt to determine the significance of GCRs in the orbit itself.
Training at altitude in practice.
Dick, F W
There can be little doubt that training at altitude is fundamental to preparing an athlete for competition at altitude. However the value of training at altitude for competition at sea level appears on the one hand to lack total acceptance amongst sports scientists; and on the other to hold some cloak of mystery for coaches who have yet to enjoy first hand experience. The fact is that very few endurance athletes will ignore the critical edge which altitude training affords. Each fraction of a percentage of performance advantage gained through methods which are within the rules of fair play in sport, may shift the balance between failure and achievement. Moreover, there is growing support for application of training at altitude for speed-related disciplines. This paper aims to demystify the subject by dealing with practical aspects of training at altitude. Such aspects include a checklist of what should and should not be done at altitude, when to use altitude relative to target competitions, and specific training examples.
Fuel Optimization for Low Earth Orbit Maintenance
Yong Jae Park
Full Text Available The resolution of Earth images taken from a satellite has close relation with satellite's altitude. If a satellite has lower altitude, it gets a picture having better resolution. However the satellite will be exposed to heavier air drag and will spend more fuel to maintain its altitude for a desired mission. Therefore, in this study, the required fuel to maintain very low earth orbit(LEO with severe air drag is analyzed using optimization method such as collocation method. The required fuel to maintain the low altitude has significantly increased as the mission altitude is lowered and the solar activity is maximized. This study also shows that the fuel reduced by increasing the period of the satellite maneuver is very small, and that slightly increasing the satellite's mission altitude is much effective in reducing the amount of fuel to maintain its altitude. The calculated fuel to maintain very low earth orbit in this study would give useful information in planning the budget of fuel and cost for LEO satellites.
The Eccentric Behavior of Nearly Frozen Orbits
Sweetser, Theodore H.; Vincent, Mark A.
Frozen orbits are orbits which have only short-period changes in their mean eccentricity and argument of periapse, so that they basically keep a fixed orientation within their plane of motion. Nearly frozen orbits are those whose eccentricity and argument of periapse have values close to those of a frozen orbit. We call them "nearly" frozen because their eccentricity vector (a vector whose polar coordinates are eccentricity and argument of periapse) will stay within a bounded distance from the frozen orbit eccentricity vector, circulating around it over time. For highly inclined orbits around the Earth, this distance is effectively constant over time. Furthermore, frozen orbit eccentricity values are low enough that these orbits are essentially eccentric (i.e., off center) circles, so that nearly frozen orbits around Earth are bounded above and below by frozen orbits.
Polarized neutrons
Williams, W.G.
The book on 'polarized neutrons' is intended to inform researchers in condensed matter physics and chemistry of the diversity of scientific problems that can be investigated using polarized neutron beams. The contents include chapters on:- neutron polarizers and instrumentation, polarized neutron scattering, neutron polarization analysis experiments and precessing neutron polarization. (U.K.)
High altitude dermatology
G K Singh
Full Text Available Approximately, 140 million people worldwide live permanently at high altitudes (HAs and approximately another 40 million people travel to HA area (HAA every year for reasons of occupation, sports or recreation. In India, whole of Ladakh region, part of Northwest Kashmir, Northern part of Sikkim and Tenga valley of Arunachal are considered inhabited areas of HAA. The low quantity of oxygen, high exposure of ultraviolet (UV light, very low humidity, extreme subzero temperature in winter, high wind velocity, make this region difficult for lowlanders as well as for tourists. Acute mountain sickness, HA pulmonary edema, HA cerebral edema, and thromboembolic conditions are known to occur in HA. However, enough knowledge has not been shared on dermatoses peculiar to this region. Xerosis, UV-related skin disorders (tanning, photomelanosis, acute and chronic sunburn, polymorphic light eruption, chronic actinic dermatitis, actinic cheilitis, etc., cold injuries (frostbite, chilblains, acrocyanosis, erythrocyanosis, etc. nail changes (koilonychias, airborne contact dermatitis, insect bite reaction, and skin carcinoma (basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and also rarely malignant melanoma are the dermatoses seen in HAAs. Early diagnosis and knowledge of HA dermatoses may prevent serious consequences of disease and improve the quality of life for the visitors as well as for native of the place.
ORBITAL INJURIES
Andrej Kansky
Full Text Available Background. Orbit is involved in 40% of all facial fractures. There is considerable variety in severity, ranging from simple nondisplaced to complex comminuted fractures. Complex comminuted fractures (up to 20% are responsible for the majority of complications and unfavorable results. Orbital fractures are classified as internal orbital fractures, zygomatico-orbital fractures, naso-orbito-ethmoidal fractures and combined fractures. The ophtalmic sequelae of midfacial fractures are usually edema and ecchymosis of the soft tissues, subconjuctival hemorrhage, diplopia, iritis, retinal edema, ptosis, enophthalmos, ocular muscle paresis, mechanical restriction of ocular movement and nasolacrimal disturbances. More severe injuries such as optic nerve trauma and retinal detachments have also been reported. Within the wide range of orbital fractures small group of complex fractures causes most of the sequelae. Therefore identification of severe injuries and adequate treatment is of major importance. The introduction of craniofacial techniques made possible a wide exposure even of large orbital wall defects and their reconstruction by bone grafts. In spite of significant progress, repair of complex orbital wall defects remains a problem even for the experienced surgeons.Results. In 1999 121 facial injuries were treated at our department (Clinical Centre Ljubljana Dept. Of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery. Orbit was involved in 65% of cases. Isolated inner orbital fractures presented 4% of all fractures. 17 (14% complex cases were treated, 5 of them being NOE, 5 orbital (frame and inner walls, 3 zygomatico-orbital, 2 FNO and 2 maxillo-orbital fractures.Conclusions. Final result of the surgical treatment depends on severity of maxillofacial trauma. Complex comminuted fractures are responsable for most of the unfavorable results and ocular function is often permanently damaged (up to 75% in these fractures.
[Orbital inflammation].
Mouriaux, F; Coffin-Pichonnet, S; Robert, P-Y; Abad, S; Martin-Silva, N
Orbital inflammation is a generic term encompassing inflammatory pathologies affecting all structures within the orbit : anterior (involvement up to the posterior aspect of the globe), diffuse (involvement of intra- and/or extraconal fat), apical (involvement of the posterior orbit), myositis (involvement of only the extraocular muscles), dacryoadenitis (involvement of the lacrimal gland). We distinguish between specific inflammation and non-specific inflammation, commonly referred to as idiopathic inflammation. Specific orbital inflammation corresponds to a secondary localization of a "generalized" disease (systemic or auto-immune). Idiopathic orbital inflammation corresponds to uniquely orbital inflammation without generalized disease, and thus an unknown etiology. At the top of the differential diagnosis for specific or idiopathic orbital inflammation are malignant tumors, represented most commonly in the adult by lympho-proliferative syndromes and metastases. Treatment of specific orbital inflammation begins with treatment of the underlying disease. For idiopathic orbital inflammation, treatment (most often corticosteroids) is indicated above all in cases of visual loss due to optic neuropathy, in the presence of pain or oculomotor palsy. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Cygnus X-1: Discovery of variable circular polarization
Michalsky, J.J.; Swedlund, J.B.; Stokes, R.A.
HDE 226868, the optical counterpart of Cyg X-1, has been observed for circular polarization during 1974. Observations in five colors suggest that circular polarization results from an interstellar effect. Measurements of the blue polarization reveal circular polarization variations synchronous with the 5)./sub /6 orbital period. The circular polarization variation appears to be similar to the blue intensity variation
Reduced oxygen at high altitude limits maximum size.
Peck, L S; Chapelle, G
The trend towards large size in marine animals with latitude, and the existence of giant marine species in polar regions have long been recognized, but remained enigmatic until a recent study showed it to be an effect of increased oxygen availability in sea water of a low temperature. The effect was apparent in data from 12 sites worldwide because of variations in water oxygen content controlled by differences in temperature and salinity. Another major physical factor affecting oxygen content in aquatic environments is reduced pressure at high altitude. Suitable data from high-altitude sites are very scarce. However, an exceptionally rich crustacean collection, which remains largely undescribed, was obtained by the British 1937 expedition from Lake Titicaca on the border between Peru and Bolivia in the Andes at an altitude of 3809 m. We show that in Lake Titicaca the maximum length of amphipods is 2-4 times smaller than other low-salinity sites (Caspian Sea and Lake Baikal).
A Wide Field Auroral Imager (WFAI for low Earth orbit missions
N. P. Bannister
Full Text Available A comprehensive understanding of the solar wind interaction with Earth's coupled magnetosphere-ionosphere system requires an ability to observe the charged particle environment and auroral activity from the same platform, generating particle and photon image data which are matched in time and location. While unambiguous identification of the particles giving rise to the aurora requires a Low Earth Orbit satellite, obtaining adequate spatial coverage of aurorae with the relatively limited field of view of current space bourne auroral imaging systems requires much higher orbits. A goal for future satellite missions, therefore, is the development of compact, wide field-of-view optics permitting high spatial and temporal resolution ultraviolet imaging of the aurora from small spacecraft in low polar orbit. Microchannel plate optics offer a method of achieving the required performance. We describe a new, compact instrument design which can observe a wide field-of-view with the required spatial resolution. We report the focusing of 121.6 nm radiation using a spherically-slumped, square-pore microchannel plate with a focal length of 32 mm and an F number of 0.7. Measurements are compared with detailed ray-trace simulations of imaging performance. The angular resolution is 2.7±0.2° for the prototype, corresponding to a footprint ~33 km in diameter for an aurora altitude of 110 km and a spacecraft altitude of 800 km. In preliminary analysis, a more recent optic has demonstrated a full width at half maximum of 5.0±0.3 arcminutes, corresponding to a footprint of ~1 km from the same spacecraft altitude. We further report the imaging properties of a convex microchannel plate detector with planar resistive anode readout; this detector, whose active surface has a radius of curvature of only 100 mm, is shown to meet the spatial resolution and sensitivity requirements of the new wide field auroral imager (WFAI.
Cosmic microwave background science at commercial airline altitudes
Feeney, Stephen M.; Gudmundsson, Jon E.; Peiris, Hiranya V.; Verde, Licia; Errard, Josquin
Obtaining high-sensitivity measurements of degree-scale cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization is the most direct path to detecting primordial gravitational waves. Robustly recovering any primordial signal from the dominant foreground emission will require high-fidelity observations at multiple frequencies, with excellent control of systematics. We explore the potential for a new platform for CMB observations, the Airlander 10 hybrid air vehicle, to perform this task. We show that the Airlander 10 platform, operating at commercial airline altitudes, is well suited to mapping frequencies above 220 GHz, which are critical for cleaning CMB maps of dust emission. Optimizing the distribution of detectors across frequencies, we forecast the ability of Airlander 10 to clean foregrounds of varying complexity as a function of altitude, demonstrating its complementarity with both existing (Planck) and ongoing (C-BASS) foreground observations. This novel platform could play a key role in defining our ultimate view of the polarized microwave sky.
Acute high-altitude sickness
Andrew M. Luks
Full Text Available At any point 1–5 days following ascent to altitudes ≥2500 m, individuals are at risk of developing one of three forms of acute altitude illness: acute mountain sickness, a syndrome of nonspecific symptoms including headache, lassitude, dizziness and nausea; high-altitude cerebral oedema, a potentially fatal illness characterised by ataxia, decreased consciousness and characteristic changes on magnetic resonance imaging; and high-altitude pulmonary oedema, a noncardiogenic form of pulmonary oedema resulting from excessive hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction which can be fatal if not recognised and treated promptly. This review provides detailed information about each of these important clinical entities. After reviewing the clinical features, epidemiology and current understanding of the pathophysiology of each disorder, we describe the current pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches to the prevention and treatment of these diseases.
Altitude training improves glycemic control.
Chen, Shu-Man; Lin, Hsueh-Yi; Kuo, Chia-Hua
Under altitude hypoxia condition, energy reliance on anaerobic glycolysis increases to compensate the shortfall caused by reduced fatty acid oxidation. Short-term moderate altitude exposure plus endurance physical activity has been found to improve glucose tolerance (not fasting glucose) in humans, which is associated with the improvement in the whole-body insulin sensitivity. However, most of people cannot accommodate high altitude exposure above 4500 M due to acute mountain sickness and insulin resistance. There is a wide variation among individuals in response to the altitude challenge. In particular, the improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity by prolonged altitude hiking activity was not apparent in those individuals with low baseline dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) concentration. In rats, exercise training recovery under prolonged hypoxia exposure (14-15% oxygen, 8 h per day for 6 weeks) can also improve insulin sensitivity, secondary to an effective suppression of adiposity. After prolonged hypoxia training, obese abnormality in upregulated baseline levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and AS160 phosphorylation in skeletal muscle can be reversed. In humans, moderate hypoxia increases postprandial blood distribution towards skeletal muscle during a training recovery. This physiological response plays a role in the redistribution of fuel storage among important energy storage sites and may explain its potent effect on the favorable change in body composition. Altitude training can exert strong impact on our metabolic system, and has the potential to be designed as a non-pharmacological or recreational intervention regimen for correcting metabolic syndromes.
Mapping the space radiation environment in LEO orbit by the SATRAM Timepix payload on board the Proba-V satellite
Granja, Carlos, E-mail: carlos.granja@utef.cvut.cz; Polansky, Stepan
Detailed spatial- and time-correlated maps of the space radiation environment in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) are produced by the spacecraft payload SATRAM operating in open space on board the Proba-V satellite from the European Space Agency (ESA). Equipped with the hybrid semiconductor pixel detector Timepix, the compact radiation monitor payload provides the composition and spectral characterization of the mixed radiation field with quantum-counting and imaging dosimetry sensitivity, energetic charged particle tracking, directionality and energy loss response in wide dynamic range in terms of particle types, dose rates and particle fluxes. With a polar orbit (sun synchronous, 98° inclination) at the altitude of 820 km the payload samples the space radiation field at LEO covering basically the whole planet. First results of long-period data evaluation in the form of time-and spatially-correlated maps of total dose rate (all particles) are given.
Spatiotemporal polarization gradients in phase-bearing light
Lembessis, V. E.; Babiker, M.
It is shown how the interference of two circularly polarized laser beams endowed with orbital angular momentum can give rise to spatial and temporal polarization gradients, displaying axial as well as angular symmetry properties. Illustrations are given with reference to circularly polarized Laguerre-Gaussian beams as typical light beams carrying orbital angular momentum.
The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Mission: 10 Years of Exploration from Mars Orbit
Johnston, M. Daniel; Zurek, Richard W.
The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter ( MRO ) entered Mars orbit on March 10, 2006. After five months of aerobraking, a series of propulsive maneuvers were used to establish the desired low -altitude science orbit. The spacecraft has been on station in its 255 x 320 k m, sun -synchronous (approximately 3 am -pm ), primary science orbit since September 2006 performing both scientific and Mars programmatic support functions. This paper will provide a summary of the major achievements of the mission to date and the major flight activities planned for the remainder of its third Extended Mission (EM3). Some of the major flight challenges the flight team has faced are also discussed.
Limitations of Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Wave Observations in Low Earth Orbit
Junga Hwang
Full Text Available Pc1 pulsations are geomagnetic fluctuations in the frequency range of 0.2 to 5 Hz. There have been several observations of Pc1 pulsations in low earth orbit by MAGSAT, DE-2, Viking, Freja, CHAMP, and SWARM satellites. However, there has been a clear limitation in resolving the spatial and temporal variations of the pulsation by using a single-point observation by a single satellite. To overcome such limitations of previous observations, a new space mission was recently initiated, using the concept of multi-satellites, named the Small scale magNetospheric and Ionospheric Plasma Experiments (SNIPE. The SNIPE mission consists of four nanosatellites (~10 kg, which will be launched into a polar orbit at an altitude of 600 km (TBD in 2020. Four satellites will be deployed in orbit, and the distances between each satellite will be controlled from 10 to 1,000 km by a high-end formation-flying algorithm. One of the possible science targets of the SNIPE mission is observing electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC waves. In this paper, we report on examples of observations, showing the limitations of previous EMIC observations in low earth orbit, and suggest possibilities to overcome those limitations through a new mission.
ULF Narrowband Emissions Analysis in the Terrestrial Polar Cusps
Grison, B.; Pisa, D.
Polar cusps are known to be a key region for transfer of mass and momentum between the adjacent magnetosheath and the magnetosphere. The 4 spacecraft of the Cluster ESA mission crossed the polar cusps in their most distant part to the Earth in the early years of the mission (2000-2004) because of their highly eccentric orbit. The ULF wave activity in the cusp region has been linked with the magnetosheath plasma penetration since HEOS observations (D'Angelo et al., 1974). Wave and particle interaction play an important role in this colisionless plasma. The observed wave activity certainly results from both distant and local generation mechanisms. From Cluster case studies we propose to focus on one aspect for each of this place of generation. Concerning the distant generation, the possibility of a wave generation at the magnetopause itself is investigated. For this purpose we compare the propagation of the emissions on each side of the magnetopasue, i.e. in the cusp and in the magnetosheath. Concerning the local generation, the presence of locally generated waves above the local proton gyrofrequency that display a left hand polarization has been reported in Polar and Cluster studies (Le et al., 2001; Nykyri et al., 2003 ). The Doppler shift was not large enough to explain the observed frequency. We propose here to combine various techniques (k-filtering analysis, WHAMP simulations) to achieve a precise wave vector estimation and to explain these observations. References: D'Angelo, N., A. Bahnsen, and H. Rosenbauer (1974), Wave and particle measurements at the polar cusp, J. Geophys. Res., 79( 22), 3129-3134, doi:10.1029/JA079i022p03129. Le, G., X. Blanco-Cano, C. T. Russell, X.-W. Zhou, F. Mozer, K. J. Trattner, S. A. Fuselier, and B. J. Anderson (2001), Electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves in the high-altitude cusp: Polar observations, J. Geophys. Res., 106(A9), 19067-19079, doi:10.1029/2000JA900163. Nykyri, K., P. J. Cargill, E. A. Lucek, T. S. Horbury, A. Balogh
Linear Magnetoelectric Effect by Orbital Magnetism
Scaramucci, A.; Bousquet, E.; Fechner, M.; Mostovoy, M.; Spaldin, N. A.
We use symmetry analysis and first-principles calculations to show that the linear magnetoelectric effect can originate from the response of orbital magnetic moments to the polar distortions induced by an applied electric field. Using LiFePO4 as a model compound we show that spin-orbit coupling
High-altitude pulmonary hypertension
X-Q. Xu
Full Text Available High-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH is a specific disease affecting populations that live at high elevations. The prevalence of HAPH among those residing at high altitudes needs to be further defined. Whereas reduction in nitric oxide production may be one mechanism for the development of HAPH, the roles of endothelin-1 and prostaglandin I2 pathways in the pathogenesis of HAPH deserve further study. Although some studies have suggested that genetic factors contribute to the pathogenesis of HAPH, data published to date are insufficient for the identification of a significant number of gene polymorphims in HAPH. The clinical presentation of HAPH is nonspecific. Exertional dyspnoea is the most common symptom and signs related to right heart failure are common in late stages of HAPH. Echocardiography is the most useful screening tool and right heart catheterisation is the gold standard for the diagnosis of HAPH. The ideal management for HAPH is migration to lower altitudes. Phosphodiesterase 5 is an attractive drug target for the treatment of HAPH. In addition, acetazolamide is a promising therapeutic agent for high-altitude pulmonary hypertension. To date, no evidence has confirmed whether endothelin-receptor antagonists have efficacy in the treatment of high-altitude pulmonary hypertension.
Altitude Testing of Large Liquid Propellant Engines
Maynard, Bryon T.; Raines, Nickey G.
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration entered a new age on January 14, 2004 with President Bush s announcement of the creation the Vision for Space Exploration that will take mankind back to the Moon and on beyond to Mars. In January, 2006, after two years of hard, dedicated labor, engineers within NASA and its contractor workforce decided that the J2X rocket, based on the heritage of the Apollo J2 engine, would be the new engine for the NASA Constellation Ares upper stage vehicle. This engine and vehicle combination would provide assured access to the International Space Station to replace that role played by the Space Shuttle and additionally, would serve as the Earth Departure Stage, to push the Crew Excursion Vehicle out of Earth Orbit and head it on a path for rendezvous with the Moon. Test as you fly, fly as you test was chosen to be the guiding philosophy and a pre-requisite for the engine design, development, test and evaluation program. An exhaustive survey of national test facility assets proved the required capability to test the J2X engine at high altitude for long durations did not exist so therefore, a high altitude/near space environment testing capability would have to be developed. After several agency concepts the A3 High Altitude Testing Facility proposal was selected by the J2X engine program on March 2, 2007 and later confirmed by a broad panel of NASA senior leadership in May 2007. This facility is to be built at NASA s John C. Stennis Space Center located near Gulfport, Mississippi. 30 plus years of Space Shuttle Main Engine development and flight certification testing makes Stennis uniquely suited to support the Vision For Space Exploration Return to the Moon. Propellant handling infrastructure, engine assembly facilities, a trained and dedicated workforce and a broad and varied technical support base will all ensure that the A3 facility will be built on time to support the schedule needs of the J2X engine and the ultimate flight
A multi-satellite study of accelerated ionospheric ion beams above the polar cap
R. Maggiolo
Full Text Available This paper presents a study of nearly field-aligned outflowing ion beams observed on the Cluster satellites over the polar cap. Data are taken at geocentric radial distances of the order of 5–9 RE. The distinction is made between ion beams originating from the polar cusp/cleft and beams accelerated almost along the magnetic field line passing by the spacecraft. Polar cusp beams are characterized by nearly field-aligned proton and oxygen ions with an energy ratio EO+ / EH+, of the order of 3 to 4, due to the ion energy repartition inside the source and to the latitudinal extension of the source. Rapid variations in the outflowing ion energy are linked with pulses/modifications of the convection electric field. Cluster data allow one to show that these perturbations of the convection velocity and the associated ion structures propagate at the convection velocity. In contrast, polar cap local ion beams are characterized by field-aligned proton and oxygen ions with similar energies. These beams show the typical inverted V structures usually observed in the auroral zone and are associated with a quasi-static converging electric field indicative of a field-aligned electric field. The field-aligned potential drop fits well the ion energy profile. The simultaneous observation of precipitating electrons and upflowing ions of similar energies at the Cluster orbit indicates that the spacecraft are crossing the mid-altitude part of the acceleration region. In the polar cap, the parallel electric field can thus extend to altitudes higher than 5 Earth radii. A detailed analysis of the distribution functions shows that the ions are heated during their parallel acceleration and that energy is exchanged between H+ and O+. Furthermore, intense electrostatic waves are observed simultaneously. These observations could be due to an ion-ion two-stream instability.
Orbital transport
Oertel, H. Jr.; Koerner, H.
The Third Aerospace Symposium in Braunschweig presented, for the first time, the possibility of bringing together the classical disciplines of aerospace engineering and the natural science disciplines of meteorology and air chemistry in a european setting. In this way, aspects of environmental impact on the atmosphere could be examined quantitatively. An essential finding of the european conference, is the unrestricted agreement of the experts that the given launch frequencies of the present orbital transport result in a negligible amount of pollutants being released in the atmosphere. The symposium does, however, call attention to the increasing need to consider the effect of orbital and atmospheric environmental impact of a future increase in launch frequencies of orbital transport in connection with future space stations. The Third Aerospace Symposium, 'Orbital Transport, Technical, Meteorological and Chemical Aspects', constituted a first forum of discussion for engineers and scientists. Questions of new orbital transport technologies and their environmental impact were to be discussed towards a first consensus. Through the 34 reports and articles, the general problems of space transportation and environmental protection were addressed, as well as particular aspects of high temperatures during reentry in the atmosphere of the earth, precision navigation of flight vehicles or flow behavior and air chemistry in the stratosphere. (orig./CT). 342 figs
Global pictures of the ozone field from high altitudes from DE-I
Keating, G. M.; Frank, L.; Craven, J.; Shapiro, M.; Young, D.; Bhartia, P.
Detailed synoptic views of the column ozone field can be obtained by the Spin-Scan Ozone Imager (SOI) (Keating et al., 1981) aboard the Dynamics Explorer I satellite. The eccentric polar orbit with an apogee altitude of 23,000 km allows high resolution global-scale images to be obtained within 12 minutes, and allows regions to be viewed for long periods of time. At perigee, a pixel size of nadir measurements of 3 km is possible, and measurements are determined using the backscattered ultraviolet technique. A wavelength measurement of 317.5 nm is used as there are limitations in filter locations and it allows comparison with Nimbus 7 SBUV/TOMS data. Consideration of the reflectivities of this data aids in checking the SOI data reduction algorithm. SOI data show short-term (less than one day) variations in the observed ozone field, and a negative correlation (greater than 0.9) between ozone and tropopause heights. It is expected, due to this correlation, that SOI data will aid in understanding the time evolution of dynamics near the tropopause.
Local-time survey of plasma at low altitudes over the auroral zones.
Frank, L. A.; Ackerson, K. L.
Local-time survey of the low-energy proton and electron intensities precipitated into the earth's atmosphere over the auroral zones during periods of magnetic quiescence. This survey was constructed by selecting a typical individual satellite crossing of this region in each of eight local-time sectors from a large library of similar observations with the polar-orbiting satellite Injun 5. The trapping boundary for more-energetic electron intensities, E greater than 45 keV, was found to be a 'natural coordinate' for delineating the boundary between the two major types of lower-energy, 50 less than or equal to E less than or equal to 15,000 eV, electron precipitation commonly observed over the auroral zones at low altitudes. Poleward of this trapping boundary inverted 'V' electron precipitation bands are observed in all local-time sectors. These inverted 'V' electron bands in the evening and midnight sectors are typically more energetic and have greater latitudinal widths than their counterparts in the noon and morning sectors. In general, the main contributors to the electron energy influx into the earth's atmosphere over the auroral zones are the electron inverted 'V' precipitation poleward of the trapping boundary in late evening, the plasma-sheet electron intensities equatorward of this boundary in early morning, and both of these precipitation events near local midnight.
Gamma rays in L-B coordinates at CORONAS-I altitude
I. N. Myagkova
Full Text Available We present here observations of gamma rays in the energy range between 3.0 and 8.3 MeV gathered by the SONG instrument aboard low-altitude polar-orbiting satellite CORONAS-I throughout the period March-June 1994. We concentrate on the emissions related to the trapped particles and organize CORONAS-I measurements in the magnetic L–B coordinate system. The spatial distribution of the average gamma-ray counts reveals that the most intense fluxes were observed under the inner radiation belt, at L<2, and that they are exclusively confined into the region of stably trapped particles, where daughter gamma rays could result from the interactions within the spacecraft and instrumental matter. In the outer radiation zone (L~4, the enhanced gamma radiation, also detected outside the stably trapping region, shows pronounced longitudinal variations. The observed eastward increase in the gamma-ray count rate suggests quasi-traped energetic (megavolt electrons as a source of the gamma rays both in the upper atmosphere and in the satellite matter, most likely, through the bremsstrahlung process in the studied energy domain. Keywords. Magnetospheric physics (Energetic particles, precipitating; Energetic particles, trapped; Magnetosphereionosphere interactions
South Polar Polygons
4 July 2005 This Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) image shows a polgyon-cracked surface, into which deep, somewhat kidney-bean-shaped pits have formed. These are landscapes of the martian south polar residual cap. This view was captured during May 2005. Location near: 86.9oS, 5.1oW Image width: 1.5 km (0.9 mi) Illumination from: upper left Season Southern Spring
Bulk electron spin polarization generated by the spin Hall current
It is shown that the spin Hall current generates a non-equilibrium spin polarization in the interior of crystals with reduced symmetry in a way that is drastically different from the previously well-known equilibrium polarization during the spin relaxation process. The steady state spin polarization value does not depend on the strength of spin-orbit interaction offering possibility to generate relatively high spin polarization even in the case of weak spin-orbit coupling.
It is shown that the spin Hall current generates a nonequilibrium spin polarization in the interior of crystals with reduced symmetry in a way that is drastically different from the previously well-known “equilibrium� polarization during the spin relaxation process. The steady state spin polarization value does not depend on the strength of spin-orbit interaction offering possibility to generate relatively high spin polarization even in the case of weak spin-orbit coupling.
Iridium: Global OTH data communications for high altitude scientific ballooning
Denney, A.
beneficial points provided by the Iridium platform include pure global accessibility (as well as polar), cost effectiveness because it is available as a COTS (Commercially Off The Shelf) technology, reliability in that the equipment must operate in extreme conditions (near space), integration and development time into current systems must be minimized. As a bonus Motorola and NAL Research Corporation are developing SBD (Short Burst Data) into the Iridium network. This may lead the way to a global IP (Internet Protocol) node based ballooning platform. The Iridium satellite data modems employ the Iridium Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite network. The scope of this paper is to introduce an OTH communications alternative, albeit not necessarily a primary one, to existing ballooning platforms using COTS based emerging technologies. Design aspects, characteristics, actual flight testing statistics, principles of the Iridium modems and communication paths are described including payload and support instrumentation interfacing. Not limited to high altitude ballooning, the Iridium communications platform opens a new era in remote commanding and data retrieval.
Energy conversion evolution at lunar polar sites
robotic and human surface bases. Sunlight is nearly ... orientation and precession of its spin axis rela- tive to its orbit ... atoms, most likely hydrogen, that many people immediately .... to find out the real meaning of the excess polar hydrogen.
Auroral and magnetic variations in the polar cusp and cleft. Signatures of magnetopause boundary layer dynamics
Sandholt, P.E.; Egeland, A.
By combining continous ground-based observations of polar cleft/cusp auroras and local magnetic variations with electromagnetic parameters obtained from satellites in polar orbit (low-altitude cleft/cusp) and in the magnetosheath/interplanetary space, different electrodynamic processes in the polar cleft/cusp have been investigated. One of the more controversial questions in this field is related to the observed shifts in latitude of cleft/cusp auroras and the relationships with the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation, local magnetic disturbances (DP2 and DPY modes) and magnetospheric substorms. A new approach which may contribute to clarifying these complicated relationships, simultaneous groundbased observations of the midday and evening-midnight sectors of the auroral oval, is illustrated. A related topic is the spatial relationship between the cleft/cusp auroras and the ionospheric convection currents. A characteristic feature of the polar cusp and cleft regions during negative IMF B z is repeated occurrence of certain short-lived auroral structures moving in accordance with the local convection pattern. Satellite measurements of particle precipitation, magnetic field and ion drift components permit detailed investigations of the electrodynamics of these cusp/cleft structures. Information on electric field components, Birkeland currents, Poynting flux, height-integrated Pedersen conductivity and Joule heat dissipation rate has been derived. These observations are discussed in relation to existing models of temporal plasma injections from the magnetosheath
The Gravity Field of Mercury After the Messenger Low-Altitude Campaign
Mazarico, Erwan; Genova, Antonio; Goossens, Sander; Lemoine, Frank G.; Smith, David E.; Zuber, Maria T.; Neumann, Gary A.; Solomon, Sean C.
The final year of the MESSENGER mission was designed to take advantage of the remaining propellant onboard to provide a series of lowaltitude observation campaigns and acquire novel scientific data about the innermost planet. The lower periapsis altitude greatly enhances the sensitivity to the short-wavelength gravity field, but only when the spacecraft is in view of Earth. After more than 3 years in orbit around Mercury, the MESSENGER spacecraft was tracked for the first time below 200-km altitude on 5 May 2014 by the NASA Deep Space Network (DSN). Between August and October, periapsis passages down to 25-km altitude were routinely tracked. These periods considerably improved the quality of the data coverage. Before the end of its mission, MESSENGER will fly at very low altitudes for extended periods of time. Given the orbital geometry, however the periapses will not be visible from Earth and so no new tracking data will be available for altitudes lower than 75 km. Nevertheless, the continuous tracking of MESSENGER in the northern hemisphere will help improve the uniformity of the spatial coverage at altitudes lower than 150 km, which will further improve the overall quality of the Mercury gravity field.
Polar observations of electron density distribution in the Earth’s magnetosphere. 2. Density profiles
H. Laakso
Full Text Available Using spacecraft potential measurements of the Polar electric field experiment, we investigate electron density variations of key plasma regions within the magnetosphere, including the polar cap, cusp, trough, plasmapause, and auroral zone. The statistical results were presented in the first part of this study, and the present paper reports detailed structures revealed by individual satellite passes. The high-altitude (> 3 RE polar cap is generally one of the most tenuous regions in the magnetosphere, but surprisingly, the polar cap boundary does not appear as a steep density decline. At low altitudes (1 RE in summer, the polar densities are very high, several 100 cm-3 , and interestingly, the density peaks at the central polar cap. On the noonside of the polar cap, the cusp appears as a dense, 1–3° wide region. A typical cusp density above 4 RE distance is between several 10 cm-3 and a few 100 cm-3 . On some occasions the cusp is crossed multiple times in a single pass, simultaneously with the occurrence of IMF excursions, as the cusp can instantly shift its position under varying solar wind conditions, similar to the magnetopause. On the nightside, the auroral zone is not always detected as a simple density cavity. Cavities are observed but their locations, strengths, and sizes vary. Also, the electric field perturbations do not necessarily overlap with the cavities: there are cavities with no field disturbances, as well as electric field disturbances observed with no clear cavitation. In the inner magnetosphere, the density distributions clearly show that the plasmapause and trough densities are well correlated with geomagnetic activity. Data from individual orbits near noon and midnight demonstrate that at the beginning of geomagnetic disturbances, the retreat speed of the plasmapause can be one L-shell per hour, while during quiet intervals the plasmapause can expand anti-earthward at the same speed. For the trough region, it is found
Image Positioning Accuracy Analysis for Super Low Altitude Remote Sensing Satellites
Ming Xu
Full Text Available Super low altitude remote sensing satellites maintain lower flight altitudes by means of ion propulsion in order to improve image resolution and positioning accuracy. The use of engineering data in design for achieving image positioning accuracy is discussed in this paper based on the principles of the photogrammetry theory. The exact line-of-sight rebuilding of each detection element and this direction precisely intersecting with the Earth's elliptical when the camera on the satellite is imaging are both ensured by the combined design of key parameters. These parameters include: orbit determination accuracy, attitude determination accuracy, camera exposure time, accurately synchronizing the reception of ephemeris with attitude data, geometric calibration and precise orbit verification. Precise simulation calculations show that image positioning accuracy of super low altitude remote sensing satellites is not obviously improved. The attitude determination error of a satellite still restricts its positioning accuracy.
JSC Orbital Debris Website Description
Johnson, Nicholas L.
required. These data also help in the analysis and interpretation of impact features on returned spacecraft surfaces. 4) Mitigation - Controlling the growth of the orbital debris population is a high priority for NASA, the United States, and the major space-faring nations of the world to preserve near-Earth space for future generations. Mitigation measures can take the form of curtailing or preventing the creation of new debris, designing satellites to withstand impacts by small debris, and implementing operational procedures ranging from utilizing orbital regimes with less debris, adopting specific spacecraft attitudes, and even maneuvering to avoid collisions with debris. Downloadable items include several documents in PDF format and executable software.and 5) Reentry - Because of the increasing number of objects in space, NASA has adopted guidelines and assessment procedures to reduce the number of non-operational spacecraft and spent rocket upper stages orbiting the Earth. One method of postmission disposal is to allow reentry of these spacecraft, either from orbital decay (uncontrolled entry) or with a controlled entry. Orbital decay may be achieved by firing engines to lower the perigee altitude so that atmospheric drag will eventually cause the spacecraft to enter. However, the surviving debris impact footprint cannot be guaranteed to avoid inhabited landmasses. Controlled entry normally occurs by using a larger amount of propellant with a larger propulsion system to drive the spacecraft to enter the atmosphere at a steeper flight path angle. It will then enter at a more precise latitude, longitude, and footprint in a nearly uninhabited impact region, generally located in the ocean.
Prospective Ukrainian lunar orbiter mission
Shkuratov, Y.; Litvinenko, L.; Shulga, V.; Yatskiv, Y.; Kislyuk, V.
Ukraine has launch vehicles that are able to deliver about 300 kg to the lunar orbit. Future Ukrainian lunar program may propose a polar orbiter. This orbiter should fill principal information gaps in our knowledge about the Moon after Clementine and Lunar Prospector missions and the future missions, like Smart-1, Lunar-A, and Selene. We consider that this can be provided by radar studies of the Moon with supporting optical polarimetric observations from lunar polar orbit. These experiments allow one to better understand global structure of the lunar surface in a wide range of scales, from microns to kilometers. We propose three instruments for the prospective lunar orbiter. They are: a synthetic aperture imaging radar (SAR), ground-penetrating radar (GPR), and imaging polarimeter (IP). The main purpose of SAR is to study with high resolution (50 m) the permanently shadowed sites in the lunar polar regions. These sites are cold traps for volatiles, and have a potential of resource utilization. Possible presence of water ice in the regolith in the sites makes them interesting for permanent manned bases on the Moon. Radar imaging and mapping of other interesting regions could be also planned. Multi-frequencies multi-polarization soun d ing of the lunar surface with GPR can provide information about internal structure of the lunar surface from meters to several hundred meters deep. GPR can be used for measuring the megaregolith layer properties, detection of cryptomaria, and studies of internal structure of the largest craters. IP will be a CCD camera with an additional suite of polarizers. Modest spatial resolution (100 m) should provide a total coverage or a large portion of the lunar surface in oblique viewing basically at large phase angles. Polarization degree at large (>90°) phase angles bears information about characteristic size of the regolith particles. Additional radiophysical experiments are considered with the use of the SAR system, e.g., bistatic radar
Orbit analysis
Michelotti, L.
The past fifteen years have witnessed a remarkable development of methods for analyzing single particle orbit dynamics in accelerators. Unlike their more classic counterparts, which act upon differential equations, these methods proceed by manipulating Poincare maps directly. This attribute makes them well matched for studying accelerators whose physics is most naturally modelled in terms of maps, an observation that has been championed most vigorously by Forest. In the following sections the author sketchs a little background, explains some of the physics underlying these techniques, and discusses the best computing strategy for implementing them in conjunction with modeling accelerators
Brane orbits
Bergshoeff, Eric A; Riccioni, Fabio
We complete the classification of half-supersymmetric branes in toroidally compactified IIA/IIB string theory in terms of representations of the T-duality group. As a by-product we derive a last wrapping rule for the space-filling branes. We find examples of T-duality representations of branes in lower dimensions, suggested by supergravity, of which none of the component branes follow from the reduction of any brane in ten-dimensional IIA/IIB string theory. We discuss the constraints on the charges of half-supersymmetric branes, determining the corresponding T-duality and U-duality orbits.
The past fifteen years have witnessed a remarkable development of methods for analyzing single particle orbit dynamics in accelerators. Unlike their more classic counterparts, which act upon differential equations, these methods proceed by manipulating Poincare maps directly. This attribute makes them well matched for studying accelerators whose physics is most naturally modelled in terms of maps, an observation that has been championed most vigorously by Forest. In the following sections the author sketchs a little background, explains some of the physics underlying these techniques, and discusses the best computing strategy for implementing them in conjunction with modeling accelerators.
Constellations of Next Generation Gravity Missions: Simulations regarding optimal orbits and mitigation of aliasing errors
Hauk, M.; Pail, R.; Gruber, T.; Purkhauser, A.
The CHAMP and GRACE missions have demonstrated the tremendous potential for observing mass changes in the Earth system from space. In order to fulfil future user needs a monitoring of mass distribution and mass transport with higher spatial and temporal resolution is required. This can be achieved by a Bender-type Next Generation Gravity Mission (NGGM) consisting of a constellation of satellite pairs flying in (near-)polar and inclined orbits, respectively. For these satellite pairs the observation concept of the GRACE Follow-on mission with a laser-based low-low satellite-to-satellite tracking (ll-SST) system and more precise accelerometers and state-of-the-art star trackers is adopted. By choosing optimal orbit constellations for these satellite pairs high frequency mass variations will be observable and temporal aliasing errors from under-sampling will not be the limiting factor anymore. As part of the European Space Agency (ESA) study "ADDCON" (ADDitional CONstellation and Scientific Analysis Studies of the Next Generation Gravity Mission) a variety of mission design parameters for such constellations are investigated by full numerical simulations. These simulations aim at investigating the impact of several orbit design choices and at the mitigation of aliasing errors in the gravity field retrieval by co-parametrization for various constellations of Bender-type NGGMs. Choices for orbit design parameters such as altitude profiles during mission lifetime, length of retrieval period, value of sub-cycles and choice of prograde versus retrograde orbits are investigated as well. Results of these simulations are presented and optimal constellations for NGGM's are identified. Finally, a short outlook towards new geophysical applications like a near real time service for hydrology is given.
Exploring the Limits of High Altitude GPS for Future Lunar Missions
Ashman, Benjamin W.; Parker, Joel J. K.; Bauer, Frank H.; Esswein, Michael
An increasing number of spacecraft are relying on the Global Positioning System (GPS) for navigation at altitudes near or above the GPS constellation itself - the region known as the Space Service Volume (SSV). While the formal definition of the SSV ends at geostationary altitude, the practical limit of high-altitude space usage is not known, and recent missions have demonstrated that signal availability is sufficient for operational navigation at altitudes halfway to the moon. This paper presents simulation results based on a high-fidelity model of the GPS constellation, calibrated and validated through comparisons of simulated GPS signal availability and strength with flight data from recent high-altitude missions including the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 16 (GOES-16) and the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. This improved model is applied to the transfer to a lunar near-rectilinear halo orbit (NRHO) of the class being considered for the international Deep Space Gateway concept. The number of GPS signals visible and their received signal strengths are presented as a function of receiver altitude in order to explore the practical upper limit of high-altitude space usage of GPS.
Optimizing the degree of polarization in PETRA
Bremer, H.D.; Kewisch, J.; Lewin, H.C.; Mais, H.; Rossmanith, R.; Schmidt, R.; Barber, D.P.
A method is described for compensating the depolarizing effects caused by vertical orbit distortions. The technique has been successfully applied during measurements of beam polarization at PETRA and reproducible polarizations of 70 to 80% have been obtained both in single beam and colliding beam operation. (orig.)
Ellipsometry with randomly varying polarization states
Liu, F.; Lee, C. J.; Chen, J. Q.; E. Louis,; van der Slot, P. J. M.; Boller, K. J.; F. Bijkerk,
We show that, under the right conditions, one can make highly accurate polarization-based measurements without knowing the absolute polarization state of the probing light field. It is shown that light, passed through a randomly varying birefringent material has a well-defined orbit on the Poincar
Polarization developments
Prescott, C.Y.
Recent developments in laser-driven photoemission sources of polarized electrons have made prospects for highly polarized electron beams in a future linear collider very promising. This talk discusses the experiences with the SLC polarized electron source, the recent progress with research into gallium arsenide and strained gallium arsenide as a photocathode material, and the suitability of these cathode materials for a future linear collider based on the parameters of the several linear collider designs that exist
Satellite orbits in Levi-Civita space
Humi, Mayer
In this paper we consider satellite orbits in central force field with quadratic drag using two formalisms. The first using polar coordinates in which the satellite angular momentum plays a dominant role. The second is in Levi-Civita coordinates in which the energy plays a central role. We then merge these two formalisms by introducing polar coordinates in Levi-Civita space and derive a new equation for satellite orbits which unifies these two paradigms. In this equation energy and angular momentum appear on equal footing and thus characterize the orbit by its two invariants. Using this formalism we show that equatorial orbits around oblate spheroids can be expressed analytically in terms of Elliptic functions. In the second part of the paper we derive in Levi-Civita coordinates a linearized equation for the relative motion of two spacecrafts whose trajectories are in the same plane. We carry out also a numerical verification of these equations.
Altitude exposures during commercial flight: a reappraisal.
Hampson, Neil B; Kregenow, David A; Mahoney, Anne M; Kirtland, Steven H; Horan, Kathleen L; Holm, James R; Gerbino, Anthony J
Hypobaric hypoxia during commercial air travel has the potential to cause or worsen hypoxemia in individuals with pre-existing cardiopulmonary compromise. Knowledge of cabin altitude pressures aboard contemporary flights is essential to counseling patients accurately about flying safety. The objective of the study was to measure peak cabin altitudes during U.S. domestic commercial flights on a variety of aircraft. A handheld mountaineering altimeter was carried by the investigators in the plane cabin during commercial air travel and peak cabin altitude measured. The values were then compared between aircraft models, aircraft classes, and distances flown. The average peak cabin altitude on 207 flights aboard 17 different aircraft was 6341 +/- 1813 ft (1933 m +/- 553 m), significantly higher than when measured in a similar fashion in 1988. Peak cabin altitude was significantly higher for flights longer than 750 mi (7085 +/- 801 ft) compared to shorter flights (5160 +/- 2290 ft/1573 +/- 698 m). Cabin altitude increased linearly with flight distance for flights up to 750 mi in length, but was independent of flight distance for flights exceeding 750 mi. Peak cabin altitude was less than 5000 ft (1524 m) in 70% of flights shorter than 500 mi. Peak cabin altitudes greater than 8000 ft (2438 m) were measured on approximately 10% of the total flights. Peak cabin altitude on commercial aircraft flights has risen over time. Cabin altitude is lower with flights of shorter distance. Physicians should take these factors into account when determining an individual's need for supplemental oxygen during commercial air travel.
Altitude Stress During Participation of Medical Congress
Kim, Soon Bae; Kim, Jong Sung; Kim, Sang Jun; Cho, Su Hee
Medical congresses often held in highlands. We reviewed several medical issues associated with altitude stress especially while physicians have participated medical congress held in high altitude. Altitude stress, also known as an acute mountain sickness (AMS), is caused by acute exposure to low oxygen level at high altitude which is defined as elevations at or above 1,200 m and AMS commonly occurs above 2,500 m. Altitude stress with various symptoms including insomnia can also be experienced in airplane. AMS and drunken state share many common features in symptoms, neurologic manifestations and even show multiple microbleeds in corpus callosum and white matter on MRI. Children are more susceptible to altitude stress than adults. Gradual ascent is the best method for the prevention of altitude stress. Adequate nutrition (mainly carbohydrates) and hydration are recommended. Consumption of alcohol can exacerbate the altitude-induced impairments in judgment and the visual senses and promote psychomotor dysfunction. For prevention or treatment of altitude stress, acetazolamide, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, dexamethasone and erythropoietin are helpful. Altitude stress can be experienced relatively often during participation of medical congress. It is necessary to remind the harmful effect of AMS because it can cause serious permanent organ damage even though the symptoms are negligible in most cases. PMID:27621942
Decompression to altitude: assumptions, experimental evidence, and future directions.
Foster, Philip P; Butler, Bruce D
Although differences exist, hypobaric and hyperbaric exposures share common physiological, biochemical, and clinical features, and their comparison may provide further insight into the mechanisms of decompression stress. Although altitude decompression illness (DCI) has been experienced by high-altitude Air Force pilots and is common in ground-based experiments simulating decompression profiles of extravehicular activities (EVAs) or astronauts' space walks, no case has been reported during actual EVAs in the non-weight-bearing microgravity environment of orbital space missions. We are uncertain whether gravity influences decompression outcomes via nitrogen tissue washout or via alterations related to skeletal muscle activity. However, robust experimental evidence demonstrated the role of skeletal muscle exercise, activities, and/or movement in bubble formation and DCI occurrence. Dualism of effects of exercise, positive or negative, on bubble formation and DCI is a striking feature in hypobaric exposure. Therefore, the discussion and the structure of this review are centered on those highlighted unresolved topics about the relationship between muscle activity, decompression, and microgravity. This article also provides, in the context of altitude decompression, an overview of the role of denitrogenation, metabolic gases, gas micronuclei, stabilization of bubbles, biochemical pathways activated by bubbles, nitric oxide, oxygen, anthropometric or physiological variables, Doppler-detectable bubbles, and potential arterialization of bubbles. These findings and uncertainties will produce further physiological challenges to solve in order to line up for the programmed human return to the Moon, the preparation for human exploration of Mars, and the EVAs implementation in a non-zero gravity environment.
Solar Illumination Control of the Polar Wind
Maes, L.; Maggiolo, R.; De Keyser, J.; André, M.; Eriksson, A. I.; Haaland, S.; Li, K.; Poedts, S.
Polar wind outflow is an important process through which the ionosphere supplies plasma to the magnetosphere. The main source of energy driving the polar wind is solar illumination of the ionosphere. As a result, many studies have found a relation between polar wind flux densities and solar EUV intensity, but less is known about their relation to the solar zenith angle at the ionospheric origin, certainly at higher altitudes. The low energy of the outflowing particles and spacecraft charging means it is very difficult to measure the polar wind at high altitudes. We take advantage of an alternative method that allows estimations of the polar wind flux densities far in the lobes. We analyze measurements made by the Cluster spacecraft at altitudes from 4 up to 20 RE. We observe a strong dependence on the solar zenith angle in the ion flux density and see that both the ion velocity and density exhibit a solar zenith angle dependence as well. We also find a seasonal variation of the flux density.
Neutron polarization
Firk, F.W.K.
Some recent experiments involving polarized neutrons are discussed; they demonstrate how polarization studies provide information on fundamental aspects of nuclear structure that cannot be obtained from more traditional neutron studies. Until recently, neutron polarization studies tended to be limited either to very low energies or to restricted regions at higher energies, determined by the kinematics of favorable (p, vector n) and (d, vector n) reactions. With the advent of high intensity pulsed electron and proton accelerators and of beams of vector polarized deuterons, this is no longer the case. One has entered an era in which neutron polarization experiments are now being carried out, in a routine way, throughout the entire range from thermal energies to tens-of-MeV. The significance of neutron polarization studies is illustrated in discussions of a wide variety of experiments that include the measurement of T-invariance in the β-decay of polarized neutrons, a search for the effects of meson exchange currents in the photo-disintegration of the deuteron, the determination of quantum numbers of states in the fission of aligned 235 U and 237 Np induced by polarized neutrons, and the double- and triple-scattering of fast neutrons by light nuclei
Polarization holography
Nikolova, L.; Ramanujam, P.S.
Current research into holography is concerned with applications in optically storing, retrieving, and processing information. Polarization holography has many unique properties compared to conventional holography. It gives results in high efficiency, achromaticity, and special polarization...... properties. This books reviews the research carried out in this field over the last 15 years. The authors provide basic concepts in polarization and the propagation of light through anisotropic materials, before presenting a sound theoretical basis for polarization holography. The fabrication...... and characterization of azobenzene based materials, which remain the most efficient for the purpose, is described in detail. This is followed by a description of other materials that are used in polarization holography. An in-depth description of various applications, including display holography and optical storage...
Burn Delay Analysis of the Lunar Orbit Insertion for Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter
Bae, Jonghee; Song, Young-Joo; Kim, Young-Rok; Kim, Bangyeop
The first Korea lunar orbiter, Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO), has been in development since 2016. After launch, the KPLO will execute several maneuvers to enter into the lunar mission orbit, and will then perform lunar science missions for one year. Among these maneuvers, the lunar orbit insertion (LOI) is the most critical maneuver because the KPLO will experience an extreme velocity change in the presence of the Moon’s gravitational pull. However, the lunar orbiter may have a delayed LOI burn during operation due to hardware limitations and telemetry delays. This delayed burn could occur in different captured lunar orbits; in the worst case, the KPLO could fly away from the Moon. Therefore, in this study, the burn delay for the first LOI maneuver is analyzed to successfully enter the desired lunar orbit. Numerical simulations are performed to evaluate the difference between the desired and delayed lunar orbits due to a burn delay in the LOI maneuver. Based on this analysis, critical factors in the LOI maneuver, the periselene altitude and orbit period, are significantly changed and an additional delta-V in the second LOI maneuver is required as the delay burn interval increases to 10 min from the planned maneuver epoch.
Certification and safety aspects relating to the transport of passengers on high altitude balloons in Europe
Schoenmaker, Annelie
High-altitude balloons typically fly between 25 and 50 km in altitude, which, while below the Karman line of 100 km, is yet far above the altitudes typically flown by aircraft. For example, the highest-flying commercial aircraft - the Concorde - had a maximum cruising altitude of only 18 km. zero2infinity, a Spanish company, is currently developing a pressurized pod named “bloon� which will be capable of lifting six people, including two pilot crew members and four paying passengers, to an altitude of 36 km through the use of high-altitude balloons. The boundary between Airspace and Outer Space has never been legally defined, mostly because of the lack of activities taking place between the altitude where airplanes fly and the lowest orbiting spacecraft. High-altitude balloons do fly at these in-between altitudes and the prospect of commercializing access to these parts of the stratosphere poses some questions in a new light. Given the relatively low altitude at which they fly, it may well be that these types of balloons would be considered to operate exclusively within air space. However, given the technology involved in crewed high altitude balloon flights, which is more similar to spacecraft engineering than to traditional hot-air or gas ballooning, it is necessary to evaluate the various legal regimes, codes, and regulations that would apply to such flights, especially regarding licenses and liabilities. For high altitude balloon flights commencing in Europe, the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) would very likely be the competent certification or licensing agency for these flights, although there would likely be input from various national aviation authorities as well. However, because the European Commission (EC) has not yet issued regulations regarding commercial spaceflight, particularly the use of high altitude balloons, new rules and regulations governing such flights may still need to be drafted and promulgated. With the development of
Variation in aerodynamic coefficients with altitude
Faiza Shahid
Full Text Available Precise aerodynamics performance prediction plays key role for a flying vehicle to get its mission completed within desired accuracy. Aerodynamic coefficients for same Mach number can be different at different altitude due to difference in Reynolds number. Prediction of these aerodynamics coefficients can be made through experiments, analytical solution or Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD. Advancements in computational power have generated the concept of using CFD as a virtual Wind Tunnel (WT, hence aerodynamic performance prediction in present study is based upon CFD (numerical test rig. Simulations at different altitudes for a range of Mach numbers with zero angle of attack are performed to predict axial force coefficient behavior with altitude (Reynolds number. Similar simulations for a fixed Mach number ‘3’ and a range of angle of attacks are also carried out to envisage the variation in normal force and pitching moment coefficients with altitude (Reynolds number. Results clearly depict that the axial force coefficient is a function of altitude (Reynolds number and increase as altitude increases, especially for subsonic region. Variation in axial force coefficient with altitude (Reynolds number slightly increases for larger values of angle of attacks. Normal force and pitching moment coefficients do not depend on altitude (Reynolds number at smaller values of angle of attacks but show slight decrease as altitude increases. Present study suggests that variation of normal force and pitching moment coefficients with altitude can be neglected but the variation of axial force coefficient with altitude should be considered for vehicle fly in dense atmosphere. It is recommended to continue this study to more complex configurations for various Mach numbers with side slip and real gas effects. Keywords: Mach number, Reynolds number, Blunt body, Altitude effect, Angle of attacks
Cardiovascular Effects of Altitude on Performance Athletes.
Shah, Ankit B; Coplan, Neil
Altitude plays an important role in cardiovascular performance and training for athletes. Whether it is mountaineers, skiers, or sea-level athletes trying to gain an edge by training or living at increased altitude, there are many potential benefits and harms of such endeavors. Echocardiographic studies done on athletes at increased altitude have shown evidence for right ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension, but no change in left ventricular ejection fraction. In addition, 10% of athletes are susceptible to pulmonary hypertension and high-altitude pulmonary edema. Some studies suggest that echocardiography may be able to identify athletes susceptible to high-altitude pulmonary edema prior to competing or training at increased altitudes. Further research is needed on the long-term effects of altitude training, as repeated, transient episodes of pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular dysfunction may have long-term implications. Current literature suggests that performance athletes are not at higher risk for ventricular arrhythmias when training or competing at increased altitudes. For sea-level athletes, the optimal strategy for attaining the benefits while minimizing the harms of altitude training still needs to be clarified, although-for now-the "live high, train low" approach appears to have the most rationale.
Proton isotropy boundaries as measured on mid- and low-altitude satellites
N. Yu. Ganushkina
Full Text Available Polar CAMMICE MICS proton pitch angle distributions with energies of 31-80 keV were analyzed to determine the locations where anisotropic pitch angle distributions (perpendicular flux dominating change to isotropic distributions. We compared the positions of these mid-altitude isotropic distribution boundaries (IDB for different activity conditions with low-altitude isotropic boundaries (IB observed by NOAA 12. Although the obtained statistical properties of IDBs were quite similar to those of IBs, a small difference in latitudes, most pronounced on the nightside and dayside, was found. We selected several events during which simultaneous observations in the same local time sector were available from Polar at mid-altitudes, and NOAA or DMSP at low-altitudes. Magnetic field mapping using the Tsyganenko T01 model with the observed solar wind input parameters showed that the low- and mid-altitude isotropization boundaries were closely located, which leads us to suggest that the Polar IDB and low-altitude IBs are related. Furthermore, we introduced a procedure to control the difference between the observed and model magnetic field to reduce the large scatter in the mapping. We showed that the isotropic distribution boundary (IDB lies in the region where Rc/�~6, that is at the boundary of the region where the non-adiabatic pitch angle scattering is strong enough. We therefore conclude that the scattering in the large field line curvature regions in the nightside current sheet is the main mechanism producing isotropization for the main portion of proton population in the tail current sheet. This mechanism controls the observed positions of both IB and IDB boundaries. Thus, this tail region can be probed, in its turn, with observations of these isotropy boundaries. Keywords. Magnetospheric physics (Energetic particles, Precipitating; Magnetospheric configuration and dynamics; Magnetotail
Full Text Available Polar CAMMICE MICS proton pitch angle distributions with energies of 31-80 keV were analyzed to determine the locations where anisotropic pitch angle distributions (perpendicular flux dominating change to isotropic distributions. We compared the positions of these mid-altitude isotropic distribution boundaries (IDB for different activity conditions with low-altitude isotropic boundaries (IB observed by NOAA 12. Although the obtained statistical properties of IDBs were quite similar to those of IBs, a small difference in latitudes, most pronounced on the nightside and dayside, was found. We selected several events during which simultaneous observations in the same local time sector were available from Polar at mid-altitudes, and NOAA or DMSP at low-altitudes. Magnetic field mapping using the Tsyganenko T01 model with the observed solar wind input parameters showed that the low- and mid-altitude isotropization boundaries were closely located, which leads us to suggest that the Polar IDB and low-altitude IBs are related. Furthermore, we introduced a procedure to control the difference between the observed and model magnetic field to reduce the large scatter in the mapping. We showed that the isotropic distribution boundary (IDB lies in the region where Rc/�~6, that is at the boundary of the region where the non-adiabatic pitch angle scattering is strong enough. We therefore conclude that the scattering in the large field line curvature regions in the nightside current sheet is the main mechanism producing isotropization for the main portion of proton population in the tail current sheet. This mechanism controls the observed positions of both IB and IDB boundaries. Thus, this tail region can be probed, in its turn, with observations of these isotropy boundaries.
Keywords. Magnetospheric physics (Energetic particles, Precipitating; Magnetospheric configuration and dynamics; Magnetotail
Physiological aspects of altitude training and the use of altitude simulators
Ranković Goran; Radovanović Dragan
Altitude training in various forms is widely practiced by athletes and coaches in an attempt to improve sea level endurance. Training at high altitude may improve performance at sea level through altitude acclimatization, which improves oxygen transport and/or utilization, or through hypoxia, which intensifies the training stimulus. This basic physiological aspect allows three training modalities: live high and train high (classic high-altitude training), live low and train high (training thr...
Shahid, Faiza; Hussain, Mukkarum; Baig, Mirza Mehmood; Haq, Ihtram ul
Precise aerodynamics performance prediction plays key role for a flying vehicle to get its mission completed within desired accuracy. Aerodynamic coefficients for same Mach number can be different at different altitude due to difference in Reynolds number. Prediction of these aerodynamics coefficients can be made through experiments, analytical solution or Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Advancements in computational power have generated the concept of using CFD as a virtual Wind Tunnel (WT), hence aerodynamic performance prediction in present study is based upon CFD (numerical test rig). Simulations at different altitudes for a range of Mach numbers with zero angle of attack are performed to predict axial force coefficient behavior with altitude (Reynolds number). Similar simulations for a fixed Mach number '3' and a range of angle of attacks are also carried out to envisage the variation in normal force and pitching moment coefficients with altitude (Reynolds number). Results clearly depict that the axial force coefficient is a function of altitude (Reynolds number) and increase as altitude increases, especially for subsonic region. Variation in axial force coefficient with altitude (Reynolds number) slightly increases for larger values of angle of attacks. Normal force and pitching moment coefficients do not depend on altitude (Reynolds number) at smaller values of angle of attacks but show slight decrease as altitude increases. Present study suggests that variation of normal force and pitching moment coefficients with altitude can be neglected but the variation of axial force coefficient with altitude should be considered for vehicle fly in dense atmosphere. It is recommended to continue this study to more complex configurations for various Mach numbers with side slip and real gas effects.
Eddy intrusion of hot plasma into the polar cap and formation of polar-cap arcs
Chiu, Y.T.; Gorney, D.J.
We present plasma and electric field data obtained by the S3-3 satellite over the polar caps. We demonstrate that: (1) plasma signatures in the polar cap arc formation region near 5000 km altitude show clear intrusions of plasma sheet (approx.keV) and magneto sheath (approx.100 eV) plasma into a background of low-energy polar cap plasma; (2) the combined plasma and electric field signatures (electron inverted-V, ion beam and delxE<0) are exactly the same as in the evening discrete arc. We interpret this equivalence of polar cap and evening discrete arc signatures as indication that their formation processes are identical. The spatial structures of polar cap electric fields and the associated plasma signatures are consistent with the hypothesis that plasma intrusion into the polar cap takes the form of multiple cellular eddies. This hypothesis provides a unifying view of arc formation and arc configurations
Ionic polarization
Mahan, G.D.
Ferroelectricity occurs in many different kinds of materials. Many of the technologically important solids, which are ferroelectric, can be classified as ionic. Any microscopic theory of ferroelectricity must contain a description of local polarization forces. We have collaborated in the development of a theory of ionic polarization which is quite successful. Its basic assumption is that the polarization is derived from the properties of the individual ions. We have applied this theory successfully to diverse subjects as linear and nonlinear optical response, phonon dispersion, and piezoelectricity. We have developed numerical methods using the local Density approximation to calculate the multipole polarizabilities of ions when subject to various fields. We have also developed methods of calculating the nonlinear hyperpolarizability, and showed that it can be used to explain light scattering experiments. This paper elaborates on this polarization theory
The structure of high altitude O+ energization and outflow: a case study
Full Text Available Multi-spacecraft observations from the CIS ion spectrometers on board the Cluster spacecraft have been used to study the structure of high-altitude oxygen ion energization and outflow. A case study taken from 12 April 2004 is discussed in more detail. In this case the spacecraft crossed the polar cap, mantle and high-altitude cusp region at altitudes between 4RE and 8RE and 2 of the spacecraft provided data. The oxygen ions were seen as a beam with narrow energy distribution, and increasing field-aligned velocity and temperature at higher altitude further in the upstream flow direction. The peak O+ energy was typically just above the highest energy of observed protons. The observed energies reached the upper limit of the CIS ion spectrometer, i.e. 38keV. Moment data from the spacecraft have been cross-correlated to determine cross-correlation coefficients, as well as the phase delay between the spacecraft. Structures in ion density, temperature and field-aligned flow appear to drift with the observed field-perpendicular drift. This, together with a velocity dispersion analysis, indicates that much of the structure can be explained by transverse heating well below the spacecraft. However, temperature isotropy and the particle flux as a function of field-aligned velocity are inconsistent with a single altitude Maxwellian source. Heating over extended altitude intervals, possibly all the way up to the observation point, seem consistent with the observations.
Polarization experiments
Halzen, F.
In a theoretical review of polarization experiments two important points are emphasized: (a) their versatility and their relevance to a large variety of aspects of hadron physics (tests of basic symmetries; a probe of strong interaction dynamics; a tool for hadron spectroscopy); (b) the wealth of experimental data on polarization parameters in pp and np scattering in the Regge language and in the diffraction language. (author)
Traveling Atmospheric Disturbances (TADs) in the thermosphere inferred from accelerometer data at three altitudes
Bruinsma, Sean; Forbes, Jeffrey
Densities derived from accelerometer measurements on the GRACE, CHAMP and Air Force/SETA satellites near 490, 390, and 220 km, respectively, are used to elucidate global-scale characteristics of traveling atmospheric disturbances. The accelerometers on the CHAMP and GRACE satellites have made it possible to accumulate near-continuous records of thermosphere density between about 320 and 490 km since May 2001, and July 2002, respectively. They have recorded the response to virtually every significant geomagnetic storm during this period. CHAMP and GRACE are in (near) polar and quasi-circular orbits, sampling 24 hr local time approximately every 4 and 5 months, respectively. These capabilities offer unique opportunities to study the temporal and latitudinal responses of the thermosphere to geomagnetic disturbances. The Air Force/SETA accelerometer data have also been processed, but the analysis is more complicated due to data gaps. Significant and unambiguous TAD activity in the observed response of the thermosphere was detected for about 25 events with CHAMP and GRACE, and less than 10 with SETA. The atmospheric variability is evaluated by de-trending the data, allowing the extraction of specific ranges in horizontal scale, and analyzing density "residuals". The scale of the perturbation is decisive for its lifetime and relative amplitude. Sometimes the disturbances represent wave-like structures propagating far from the source, and these so-called ‘TADs' were detected and described for the May 2003 storm for the first time. Some TADs traveled over the pole into the opposite hemisphere; this was found in both CHAMP and GRACE data. Most TADs propagate equatorward, but poleward propagating TADs have on occasion been detected too. The estimated speeds and amplitudes of the observed TADs, and their dependence on altitude and solar and geomagnetic activity in particular, will be presented in this poster.
Altitude valve for railway suspension control system
Zhang, Xuan; Zhang, Lihao; Li, Qingxuan; Chen, WanSong
With the variation of people and material during vehicle service, the gravity of vehicle could be unbalanced. As a result it might cause accident. In order to solve this problem, altitude valve is assembled on board. It can adjust the gravity of vehicle by the intake and outlet progress of the spring in the altitude valve to prevent the tilt of vehicles.
High-altitude adaptations in vertebrate hemoglobins
Weber, Roy E.
Vertebrates at high altitude are subjected to hypoxic conditions that challenge aerobic metabolism. O2 transport from the respiratory surfaces to tissues requires matching between the O2 loading and unloading tensions and theO2-affinity of blood, which is an integrated function of hemoglobin......, birds and ectothermic vertebrates at high altitude....
Optically induced rotation of Rayleigh particles by vortex beams with different states of polarization
Li, Manman; Yan, Shaohui; Yao, Baoli; Liang, Yansheng; Lei, Ming; Yang, Yanlong
Optical vortex beams carry optical orbital angular momentum (OAM) and can induce an orbital motion of trapped particles in optical trapping. We show that the state of polarization (SOP) of vortex beams will affect the details of this optically induced orbital motion to some extent. Numerical results demonstrate that focusing the vortex beams with circular, radial or azimuthal polarizations can induce a uniform orbital motion on a trapped Rayleigh particle, while in the focal field of the vortex beam with linear polarization the particle experiences a non-uniform orbital motion. Among the formers, the vortex beam with circular polarization induces a maximum optical torque on the particle. Furthermore, by varying the topological charge of the vortex beams, the vortex beam with circular polarization gives rise to an optimum torque superior to those given by the other three vortex beams. These facts suggest that the circularly polarized vortex beam is more suitable for rotating particles. - Highlights: • States of polarization of vortex beams affect the optically induced orbital motion of particles. • The dependences of the force and orbital torque on the topological charge, the size and the absorptivity of particles were calculated. • Focused vortex beams with circular, radial or azimuthal polarizations induce a uniform orbital motion on particles. • Particles experience a non-uniform orbital motion in the focused linearly polarized vortex beam. • The circularly polarized vortex beam is a superior candidate for rotating particles.
Magnus Effect on a Spinning Satellite in Low Earth Orbit
Ramjatan, Sahadeo; Fitz-Coy, Norman; Yew, Alvin Garwai
A spinning body in a flow field generates an aerodynamic lift or Magnus effect that displaces the body in a direction normal to the freestream flow. Earth orbiting satellites with substantial body rotation in appreciable atmospheric densities may generate a Magnus force to perturb orbital dynamics. We investigate the feasibility of using this effect for spacecraft at a perigee of 80km using the Systems Tool Kit (STK). Results show that for a satellite of reasonable properties, the Magnus effect doubles the amount of time in orbit. Orbital decay was greatly mitigated for satellites spinning at 10000 and 15000RPM. This study demonstrates that the Magnus effect has the potential to sustain a spacecraft's orbit at a low perigee altitude and could also serve as an orbital maneuver capability.
Polarization measurement for internal polarized gaseous targets
Ye Zhenyu; Ye Yunxiu; Lv Haijiang; Mao Yajun
The authors present an introduction to internal polarized gaseous targets, polarization method, polarization measurement method and procedure. To get the total nuclear polarization of hydrogen atoms (including the polarization of the recombined hydrogen molecules) in the target cell, authors have measured the parameters relating to atomic polarization and polarized hydrogen atoms and molecules. The total polarization of the target during our measurement is P T =0.853 ± 0.036. (authors)
Anomalous Hall conductivity: Local orbitals approach
Středa, Pavel
Ro�. 82, �. 4 (2010), 045115/1-045115/9 ISSN 1098-0121 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10100521 Keywords : anomalous Hall effect * Berry phase correction * orbital polarization momentum Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 3.772, year: 2010
Juno/JEDI observations of 0.01 to >10 MeV energetic ions in the Jovian auroral regions: Anticipating a source for polar X-ray emission
Haggerty, D. K.; Mauk, B. H.; Paranicas, C. P.; Clark, G.; Kollmann, P.; Rymer, A. M.; Bolton, S. J.; Connerney, J. E. P.; Levin, S. M.
After a successful orbit insertion, the Juno spacecraft completed its first 53.5 day orbit and entered a very low altitude perijove with the full scientific payload operational for the first time on 27 August 2016. The Jupiter Energetic particle Detector Instrument measured ions and electrons over the auroral regions and through closest approach, with ions measured from 0.01 to >10 MeV, depending on species. This report focuses on the composition of the energetic ions observed during the first perijove of the Juno mission. Of particular interest are the ions that precipitate from the magnetosphere onto the polar atmosphere and ions that are accelerated locally by Jupiter's powerful auroral processes. We report preliminary findings on the spatial variations, species, including energy and pitch angle distributions throughout the prime science region during the first orbit of the Juno mission. The prime motivation for this work was to examine the heavy ions that are thought to be responsible for the observed polar X-rays. Jupiter Energetic particle Detector Instrument (JEDI) did observe precipitating heavy ions with energies >10 MeV, but for this perijove the intensities were far below those needed to account for previously observed polar X-ray emissions. During this survey we also found an unusual signal of ions between oxygen and sulfur. We include here a report on what appears to be a transitory observation of magnesium, or possibly sodium, at MeV energies through closest approach.
ERS orbit control
Rosengren, Mats
The European remote sensing mission orbit control is addressed. For the commissioning phase, the orbit is defined by the following requirements: Sun synchronous, local time of descending node 10:30; three days repeat cycle with 43 orbital revolutions; overhead Venice tower (12.508206 deg east, 45.314222 deg north). The launch, maneuvers for the initial acquisition of the operational orbit, orbit maintenance maneuvers, evaluation of the orbit control, and the drift of the inclination are summarized.
Performance of portable ventilators at altitude.
Blakeman, Thomas; Britton, Tyler; Rodriquez, Dario; Branson, Richard
Aeromedical transport of critically ill patients requires continued, accurate performance of equipment at altitude. Changes in barometric pressure can affect the performance of mechanical ventilators calibrated for operation at sea level. Deploying ventilators that can maintain a consistent tidal volume (VT) delivery at various altitudes is imperative for lung protection when transporting wounded war fighters to each echelon of care. Three ventilators (Impact 731, Hamilton T1, and CareFusion Revel) were tested at pediatric (50 and 100 mL) and adult (250-750 mL) tidal VTs at 0 and 20 cm Hâ‚‚O positive end expiratory pressure and at inspired oxygen of 0.21 and 1.0. Airway pressure, volume, and flow were measured at sea level as well as at 8,000, 16,000, and 22,000 ft (corresponding to barometric pressures of 760, 564, 412, and 321 mm Hg) using a calibrated pneumotachograph connected to a training test lung in an altitude chamber. Set VT and delivered VT as well as changes in VT at each altitude were compared by t test. The T1 delivered VT within 10% of set VT at 8,000 ft. The mean VT was less than set VT at sea level as a result of circuit compressible volume with the Revel and the 731. Changes in VT varied widely among the devices at sea level and at altitude. Increasing altitudes resulted in larger VT than set for the Revel and the T1. The 731 compensated for changes in altitude delivered VT within 10% at the adult settings at all altitudes. Altitude compensation is an active software algorithm. Only the 731 actively accounts for changes in barometric pressure to maintain the set VT at all tested altitudes.
Radar Observations of Convective Systems from a High-Altitude Aircraft
Heymsfield, G.; Geerts, B.; Tian, L.
Reflectivity data collected by the precipitation radar on board the tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite, orbiting at 350 km altitude, are compared to reflectivity data collected nearly simultaneously by a doppler radar aboard the NASA ER-2 flying at 19-20 km altitude, i.e. above even the deepest convection. The TRMM precipitation radar is a scanning device with a ground swath width of 215 km, and has a resolution of about a4.4 km in the horizontal and 250 m in the vertical (125 m in the core swath 48 km wide). The TRMM radar has a wavelength of 217 cm (13.8 GHz) and the Nadir mirror echo below the surface is used to correct reflectivity for loss by attenuation. The ER-2 Doppler radar (EDOP) has two antennas, one pointing to the nadir, 34 degrees forward. The forward pointing beam receives both the normal and the cross-polarized echos, so the linear polarization ratio field can be monitored. EDOP has a wavelength of 3.12 cm (9.6 GHz), a vertical resolution of 37.5 m and a horizontal along-track resolution of about 100 m. The 2-D along track airflow field can be synthesized from the radial velocities of both beams, if a reflectivity-based hydrometer fall speed relation can be assumed. It is primarily the superb vertical resolution that distinguishes EDOP from other ground-based or airborne radars. Two experiments were conducted during 1998 into validate TRMM reflectivity data over convection and convectively-generated stratiform precipitation regions. The Teflun-A (TEXAS-Florida Underflight) experiment, was conducted in April and May and focused on mesoscale convective systems mainly in southeast Texas. TEFLUN-B was conducted in August-September in central Florida, in coordination with CAMEX-3 (Convection and Moisture Experiment). The latter was focused on hurricanes, especially during landfall, whereas TEFLUN-B concentrated on central; Florida convection, which is largely driven and organized by surface heating and ensuing sea breeze circulations
POLARIZED BEAMS: 2 - Partial Siberian Snake rescues polarized protons at Brookhaven
Huang, Haixin
To boost the level of beam polarization (spin orientation), a partial 'Siberian Snake' was recently used to overcome imperfection depolarizing resonances in the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS). This 9-degree spin rotator recently permitted acceleration with no noticeable polarization loss. The intrinsic AGS depolarizing resonances (which degrade the polarization content) had been eliminated by betatron tune jumps, but the imperfection resonances were compensated by means of harmonic orbit corrections. However, at high energies these orbit corrections are difficult and tedious and a Siberian Snake became an attractive alternative
Mars orbiter redirected in bid to find Beagle
"Mission controllers in Darmstadt, Germany, have successfully redirected Europe's Mars Express orbiter into a polar orbit, putting it on course for a last-ditch attempt to contact Beagle 2, the lander that has been missing since Christmas day when it should have touched down on the red planet" (1/2 page).
Sources of polarized neutrons
Walter, L.
Various sources of polarized neutrons are reviewed. Monoenergetic source produced with unpolarized or polarized beams, white sources of polarized neutrons, production by transmissions through polarized hydrogen targets and polarized thermal neutronsare discussed, with appropriate applications included. (U.K.)
High degree gravitational sensitivity from Mars orbiters for the GMM-1 gravity model
Lerch, F. J.; Smith, D. E.; Chan, J. C.; Patel, G. B.; Chinn, D. S.
Orbital sensitivity of the gravity field for high degree terms (greater than 30) is analyzed on satellites employed in a Goddard Mars Model GMM-1, complete in spherical harmonics through degree and order 50. The model is obtained from S-band Doppler data on Mariner 9 (M9), Viking Orbiter 1 (VO1), and Viking Orbiter 2 (VO2) spacecraft, which were tracked by the NASA Deep Space Network on seven different highly eccentric orbits. The main sensitivity of the high degree terms is obtained from the VO1 and VO2 low orbits (300 km periapsis altitude), where significant spectral sensitivity is seen for all degrees out through degree 50. The velocity perturbations show a dominant effect at periapsis and significant effects out beyond the semi-latus rectum covering over 180 degrees of the orbital groundtrack for the low altitude orbits. Because of the wideband of periapsis motion covering nearly 180 degrees in w and +39 degrees in latitude coverage, the VO1 300 km periapsis altitude orbit with inclination of 39 degrees gave the dominant sensitivity in the GMM-1 solution for the high degree terms. Although the VO2 low periapsis orbit has a smaller band of periapsis mapping coverage, it strongly complements the VO1 orbit sensitivity for the GMM-1 solution with Doppler tracking coverage over a different inclination of 80 degrees.
ABOUT TRANSITION ALTITUDE IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Full Text Available This article is about establishing a common transition altitude over all territory of Russian Federation. The main objective is to prove the necessity of a common transition altitude in Russian airspace and to define, which variant of tran- sition altitude (low, medium, high is the most suitable to be implemented in Russia. ICAO and IFALPA points of view, data and experience from different states and regions all over the world were examined in order to show all the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches towards common transition altitude. The research showed that the most appro- priate common transition altitude in Russia will be 10000 feet (3050 meters, it will cover almost all the international aero- dromes and regions in the country. Only several exceptions are needed in mountainous areas. This article can be used to further study of the possibility of implementation of common transition altitude, because it can’t take into consideration all the local features of all the FIRs (Flight Information Regions in Russia. The conclusion is establishing a common transi- tion altitude over such a big part of the world as Russian Federation will lead to improvement of the flight safety, harmoni- zation with ICAO and IFALPA policies and flexibility in airspace design.
Lunar true polar wander inferred from polar hydrogen.
Siegler, M A; Miller, R S; Keane, J T; Laneuville, M; Paige, D A; Matsuyama, I; Lawrence, D J; Crotts, A; Poston, M J
The earliest dynamic and thermal history of the Moon is not well understood. The hydrogen content of deposits near the lunar poles may yield insight into this history, because these deposits (which are probably composed of water ice) survive only if they remain in permanent shadow. If the orientation of the Moon has changed, then the locations of the shadowed regions will also have changed. The polar hydrogen deposits have been mapped by orbiting neutron spectrometers, and their observed spatial distribution does not match the expected distribution of water ice inferred from present-day lunar temperatures. This finding is in contrast to the distribution of volatiles observed in similar thermal environments at Mercury's poles. Here we show that polar hydrogen preserves evidence that the spin axis of the Moon has shifted: the hydrogen deposits are antipodal and displaced equally from each pole along opposite longitudes. From the direction and magnitude of the inferred reorientation, and from analysis of the moments of inertia of the Moon, we hypothesize that this change in the spin axis, known as true polar wander, was caused by a low-density thermal anomaly beneath the Procellarum region. Radiogenic heating within this region resulted in the bulk of lunar mare volcanism and altered the density structure of the Moon, changing its moments of inertia. This resulted in true polar wander consistent with the observed remnant polar hydrogen. This thermal anomaly still exists and, in part, controls the current orientation of the Moon. The Procellarum region was most geologically active early in lunar history, which implies that polar wander initiated billions of years ago and that a large portion of the measured polar hydrogen is ancient, recording early delivery of water to the inner Solar System. Our hypothesis provides an explanation for the antipodal distribution of lunar polar hydrogen, and connects polar volatiles to the geologic and geophysical evolution of the Moon
Influence of atmospheric turbulence on the quantum polarization state
Yang, Ru; Xue, Yang; Li, Yunxia; Shi, Lei; Zhu, Yu; Zhu, Qiuli
In order to study the influence of atmospheric turbulence on the polarization state of the free space quantum communication, the relationship between the refractive index and altitude, the refractive index structure constant and the turbulence dimension is deduced based on two different atmospheric refractive index structural constants models. The turbulence intensity factor κ is introduced and the equation of the variation of the quantum polarization degree with turbulence intensity is established. Through the simulation of the turbulent refractive index and the performance of four different polarization states in the low altitude turbulence environment, the results show that the atmospheric turbulence in the near ground will affect the fluctuation of the degree of polarization, and the degree of polarization varies linearly with the change of turbulence intensity. In the case of polarization |H>, the range of polarization |H> varies from 0 to 0.14 with the change of turbulence intensity. The influence of atmospheric turbulence on four different polarization states is different, and the degree of |H> and |V> depolarization is greater in the daytime and back. The depolarization degree of |-> at night is greater. The relationship between the degree of polarization and the change of turbulence intensity is analyzed by mathematical modeling, which is helpful to select the reasonable experimental scheme and compensate the change of polarization state in the aviation quantum Secure communication channel.
CONGENITAL ORBITAL TERATOMA
was done without contrast and 3mm/5mm/10mm slices were obtained to cover the orbit, skull base and brain. The findings included a soft tissue mass arising from the orbit. The left eye ball was extra orbital. There was no defect .... love's Short Practice of Surgery. 7 Edition,. Levis London, 1997; 45-64. 2. Orbital tumor Part 1, ...
Verification of possible asymmetry of polarization of thermal neutrons reflected by a mirror
Okorokov, A.I.; Runov, V.V.; Gukasov, A.G.; Shchebetov, A.F.
Experiments with a polarizing neutron guide do not confirm the neutron polarization asymmetry observed previously by Berndorfer for neutrons traversing a polarizing neutron guide. In connection with the spin-orbit effects a verification is carried out on single reflection of neutrons by magnetic or nonmagnetic mirrors. With an accuracy of 10 -4 -10 -3 no polarization asymmetry is observed
Radiovolumetry of the orbit
Abujamra, S.
The authors present a method called ''Radiovolumetry of the orbit'' that permits the evaluation of the orbital volume from anteroposterior skull X-Rays (CALDWELL 30 0 position). The research was based in the determination of the orbital volume with lead spheres, in 1010 orbits of 505 dry skulls of Anatomy Museums. After the dry skulls was X-rayed six frontal orbital diameters were made, with care to correct the radiographic amplification. PEARSON correlation coeficient test was applied between the mean orbital diameter and the orbital volume. The result was r = 0,8 with P [pt
Measurement of the Lense-Thirring drag on high-altitude, laser-ranged artificial satellites
Ciufolini, I.
We describe a new method of measuring the Lense-Thirring relativistic nodal drag using LAGEOS together with another high-altitude, laser-ranged, similar satellite with appropriately chosen orbital parameters. We propose, for this purpose, that a future satellite such as LAGEOS II have an inclination supplementary to that of LAGEOS. The experiment proposed here would provide a method for experimental verification of the general relativistic formulation of Mach's principle and measurement of the gravitomagnetic field
Spin-Orbit Coupling for Photons and Polaritons in Microstructures
V. G. Sala
Full Text Available We use coupled micropillars etched out of a semiconductor microcavity to engineer a spin-orbit Hamiltonian for photons and polaritons in a microstructure. The coupling between the spin and orbital momentum arises from the polarization-dependent confinement and tunneling of photons between adjacent micropillars arranged in the form of a hexagonal photonic molecule. It results in polariton eigenstates with distinct polarization patterns, which are revealed in photoluminescence experiments in the regime of polariton condensation. Thanks to the strong polariton nonlinearities, our system provides a photonic workbench for the quantum simulation of the interplay between interactions and spin-orbit effects, particularly when extended to two-dimensional lattices.
Radiation doses at high altitudes and during space flights
Spurny, F.
There are three main sources of radiation exposure during space flights and at high altitudes--galactic cosmic radiation, solar cosmic radiation and radiation of the earth's radiation belt. Their basic characteristics are presented in the first part of this paper.Man's exposure during space flights is discussed in the second part of the paper. Particular attention is devoted to the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the radiation exposure on near-earth orbits: both theoretical estimation as well as experimental data are presented. Some remarks on radiation protection rules on-board space vehicles are also given.The problems connected with the radiation protection of air crew and passengers of subsonic and supersonic air transport are discussed in the last part of the paper. General characteristics of on-board radiation fields and their variations with flight altitude, geomagnetic parameters of a flight and the solar activity are presented, both based on theoretical estimates and experimental studies. The questions concerning air crew and passenger radiation protection arising after the publication of ICRP 60 recommendation are also discussed. Activities of different institutions relevant to the topic are mentioned; strategies to manage and check this type of radiation exposure are presented and discussed. Examples of results based on the author's personal experience are given, analyzed and discussed. (author)
Polarization study
Nurushev, S.B.
Brief review is presented of the high energy polarization study including experimental data and the theoretical descriptions. The mostimportant proposals at the biggest accelerators and the crucial technical developments are also listed which may become a main-line of spin physics. 35 refs.; 10 figs.; 4 tabs
Solar Array Disturbances to Spacecraft Pointing During the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Mission
Calhoun, Philip
The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), the first spacecraft to support NASA s return to the Moon, launched on June 18, 2009 from the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station aboard an Atlas V launch vehicle. It was initially inserted into a direct trans-lunar trajectory to the Moon. After a five day transit to the Moon, LRO was inserted into the Lunar orbit and successfully lowered to a low altitude elliptical polar orbit for spacecraft commissioning. Successful commissioning was completed in October 2009 when LRO was placed in its near circular mission orbit with an approximate altitude of 50km. LRO will spend at least one year orbiting the Moon, collecting lunar environment science and mapping data, utilizing a suite of seven instruments to enable future human exploration. The objective is to provide key science data necessary to facilitate human return to the Moon as well as identification of opportunities for future science missions. LRO's instrument suite will provide the high resolution imaging data with sub-meter accuracy, highly accurate lunar cartographic maps, mineralogy mapping, amongst other science data of interest. LRO employs a 3-axis stabilized attitude control system (ACS) whose primary control mode, the "Observing Mode", provides Lunar nadir, off-nadir, and inertial fine pointing for the science data collection and instrument calibration. This controller combines the capability of fine pointing with on-demand large angle full-sky attitude reorientation. It provides simplicity of spacecraft operation as well as additional flexibility for science data collection. A conventional suite of ACS components is employed in the Observing Mode to meet the pointing and control objectives. Actuation is provided by a set of four reaction wheels developed in-house at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). Attitude feedback is provided by a six state Kalman filter which utilizes two SELEX Galileo Star Trackers for attitude updates, and a single Honeywell Miniature
Characteristics of trapped proton anisotropy at Space Station Freedom altitudes
Armstrong, T. W.; Colborn, B. L.; Watts, J. W.
The ionizing radiation dose for spacecraft in low-Earth orbit (LEO) is produced mainly by protons trapped in the Earth's magnetic field. Current data bases describing this trapped radiation environment assume the protons to have an isotropic angular distribution, although the fluxes are actually highly anisotropic in LEO. The general nature of this directionality is understood theoretically and has been observed by several satellites. The anisotropy of the trapped proton exposure has not been an important practical consideration for most previous LEO missions because the random spacecraft orientation during passage through the radiation belt 'averages out' the anisotropy. Thus, in spite of the actual exposure anisotropy, cumulative radiation effects over many orbits can be predicted as if the environment were isotropic when the spacecraft orientation is variable during exposure. However, Space Station Freedom will be gravity gradient stabilized to reduce drag, and, due to this fixed orientation, the cumulative incident proton flux will remain anisotropic. The anisotropy could potentially influence several aspects of Space Station design and operation, such as the appropriate location for radiation sensitive components and experiments, location of workstations and sleeping quarters, and the design and placement of radiation monitors. Also, on-board mass could possible be utilized to counteract the anisotropy effects and reduce the dose exposure. Until recently only omnidirectional data bases for the trapped proton environment were available. However, a method to predict orbit-average, angular dependent ('vector') trapped proton flux spectra has been developed from the standard omnidirectional trapped proton data bases. This method was used to characterize the trapped proton anisotropy for the Space Station orbit (28.5 degree inclination, circular) in terms of its dependence on altitude, solar cycle modulation (solar minimum vs. solar maximum), shielding thickness
High Altitude Clear Air Turbulence Project
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The Air Force Flight Dynamics Laboratory conducted the High Altitude Clear Air Turbulence Project in the mid 1960s with the intention of better understanding air...
Full Text Available This paper presents a study of nearly field-aligned outflowing ion beams observed on the Cluster satellites over the polar cap. Data are taken at geocentric radial distances of the order of 5–9 RE. The distinction is made between ion beams originating from the polar cusp/cleft and beams accelerated almost along the magnetic field line passing by the spacecraft. Polar cusp beams are characterized by nearly field-aligned proton and oxygen ions with an energy ratio EO+ / EH+, of the order of 3 to 4, due to the ion energy repartition inside the source and to the latitudinal extension of the source. Rapid variations in the outflowing ion energy are linked with pulses/modifications of the convection electric field. Cluster data allow one to show that these perturbations of the convection velocity and the associated ion structures propagate at the convection velocity.
In contrast, polar cap local ion beams are characterized by field-aligned proton and oxygen ions with similar energies. These beams show the typical inverted V structures usually observed in the auroral zone and are associated with a quasi-static converging electric field indicative of a field-aligned electric field. The field-aligned potential drop fits well the ion energy profile. The simultaneous observation of precipitating electrons and upflowing ions of similar energies at the Cluster orbit indicates that the spacecraft are crossing the mid-altitude part of the acceleration region. In the polar cap, the parallel electric field can thus extend to altitudes higher than 5Â Earth radii. A detailed analysis of the distribution functions shows that the ions are heated during their parallel acceleration and that energy is exchanged between H+ and O+. Furthermore, intense electrostatic waves are observed simultaneously. These observations could be due to an ion-ion two-stream instability.
Densities inferred from ESA's Venus Express aerobraking campaign at 130 km altitude
Bruinsma, Sean; Marty, Jean-Charles; Svedhem, HÃ¥kan; Williams, Adam; Mueller-Wodarg, Ingo
In June-July 2014, ESA performed a planned aerobraking campaign with Venus Express to measure neutral densities above 130 km in Venus' atmosphere by means of the engineering accelerometers. To that purpose, the orbit perigee was lowered to approximately 130 km in order to enhance the atmospheric drag effect to the highest tolerable levels for the spacecraft; the accelerometer resolution and precision were not sufficient at higher altitudes. This campaign was requested as part of the Venus Express Atmospheric Drag Experiment (VExADE). A total of 18 orbits (i.e. days) were processed using the attitude quaternions to correctly orient the spacecraft bus and solar arrays in inertial space, which is necessary to accurately compute the exposed surface in the ram direction. The accelerometer data provide good measurements approximately from 130-140 km altitude; the length of the profiles is about 85 seconds, and they are on the early morning side (LST=4.5) at high northern latitude (70°N-82°N). The densities are a factor 2-3 larger than Hedin's VTS-3 thermosphere model, which is consistent with earlier results obtained via classical precise orbit determination at higher altitudes. Wavelike structures with amplitudes of 20% and more are detected, with wavelengths of about 100-500 km. We cannot entirely rule out that these waves are caused by the spacecraft or due to some unknown instrumental effect, but we estimate this probability to be very low.
Introduction to altitude/hypoxic training symposium.
Wilber, Randall L
Altitude/hypoxic training has traditionally been an intriguing and controversial area of research and sport performance. This controversial aspect was evident recently in the form of scholarly debates in highly regarded professional journals, as well as the World Anti-Doping Agency's (WADA) consideration of placing "artificially-induced hypoxic conditions" on the 2007 Prohibited List of Substances/Methods. In light of the ongoing controversy surrounding altitude/hypoxic training, this symposium was organized with the following objectives in mind: 1) to examine the primary physiological responses and underlying mechanisms associated with altitude/hypoxic training, including the influence of genetic predisposition; 2) to present evidence supporting the effect of altitude/hypoxic acclimatization on both hematological and nonhematological markers, including erythrocyte volume, skeletal muscle-buffering capacity, hypoxic ventilatory response, and physiological efficiency/economy; 3) to evaluate the efficacy of several contemporary simulated altitude modalities and training strategies, including hypoxic tents, nitrogen apartments, and intermittent hypoxic exposure (IHE) or training, and to address the legal and ethical issues associated with the use of simulated altitude; and 4) to describe different altitude/hypoxic training strategies used by elite-level athletes, including Olympians and military special forces. In addressing these objectives, papers will be presented on the topics of: 1) effect of hypoxic "dose" on physiological responses and sea-level performance (Drs. Benjamin Levine and James Stray-Gundersen), 2) nonhematological mechanisms of improved performance after hypoxic exposure (Dr. Christopher Gore), 3) application of altitude/hypoxic training by elite athletes (Dr. Randall Wilber), and 4) military applications of hypoxic training (Dr. Stephen Muza).
Polarization in free electron lasers
Papadichev, V.A. [Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow (Russian Federation)
Polarization of electromagnetic radiation is required very often in numerous scientific and industrial applications: studying of crystals, molecules and intermolecular interaction high-temperature superconductivity, semiconductors and their transitions, polymers and liquid crystals. Using polarized radiation allows to obtain important data (otherwise inaccessible) in astrophysics, meteorology and oceanology. It is promising in chemistry and biology for selective influence on definite parts of molecules in chain synthesis reactions, precise control of various processes at cell and subcell levels, genetic engineering etc. Though polarization methods are well elaborated in optics, they can fail in far-infrared, vacuum-ultraviolet and X-ray regions because of lack of suitable non-absorbing materials and damaging of optical elements at high specific power levels. Therefore, it is of some interest to analyse polarization of untreated FEL radiation obtained with various types of undulators, with and without axial magnetic field. The polarization is studied using solutions for electron orbits in various cases: plane or helical undulator with or without axial magnetic field, two plane undulators, a combination of right- and left-handed helical undulators with equal periods, but different field amplitudes. Some examples of how a desired polarization (elliptical circular or linear) can be obtained or changed quickly, which is necessary in many experiments, are given.
Spin tune dependence on closed orbit in RHIC
Ptitsyn, V.; Bai, M.; Roser, T.
Polarized proton beams are accelerated in RHIC to 250 GeV energy with the help of Siberian Snakes. The pair of Siberian Snakes in each RHIC ring holds the design spin tune at 1/2 to avoid polarization loss during acceleration. However, in the presence of closed orbit errors, the actual spin tune can be shifted away from the exact 1/2 value. It leads to a corresponding shift of locations of higher-order ('snake') resonances and limits the available betatron tune space. The largest closed orbit effect on the spin tune comes from the horizontal orbit angle between the two snakes. During RHIC Run in 2009 dedicated measurements with polarized proton beams were taken to verify the dependence of the spin tune on the local orbits at the Snakes. The experimental results are presented along with the comparison with analytical predictions.
Solar Cell Short Circuit Current Errors and Uncertainties During High Altitude Calibrations
Snyder, David D.
High altitude balloon based facilities can make solar cell calibration measurements above 99.5% of the atmosphere to use for adjusting laboratory solar simulators. While close to on-orbit illumination, the small attenuation to the spectra may result in under measurements of solar cell parameters. Variations of stratospheric weather, may produce flight-to-flight measurement variations. To support the NSCAP effort, this work quantifies some of the effects on solar cell short circuit current (Isc) measurements on triple junction sub-cells. This work looks at several types of high altitude methods, direct high altitude meas urements near 120 kft, and lower stratospheric Langley plots from aircraft. It also looks at Langley extrapolation from altitudes above most of the ozone, for potential small balloon payloads. A convolution of the sub-cell spectral response with the standard solar spectrum modified by several absorption processes is used to determine the relative change from AMO, lscllsc(AMO). Rayleigh scattering, molecular scatterin g from uniformly mixed gases, Ozone, and water vapor, are included in this analysis. A range of atmosph eric pressures are examined, from 0. 05 to 0.25 Atm to cover the range of atmospheric altitudes where solar cell calibrations a reperformed. Generally these errors and uncertainties are less than 0.2%
Early history of high-altitude physiology.
West, John B
High-altitude physiology can be said to have begun in 1644 when Torricelli described the first mercury barometer and wrote the immortal words "We live submerged at the bottom of an ocean of the element air." Interestingly, the notion of atmospheric pressure had eluded his teacher, the great Galileo. Blaise Pascal was responsible for describing the fall in pressure with increasing altitude, and Otto von Guericke gave a dramatic demonstration of the enormous force that could be developed by atmospheric pressure. Robert Boyle learned of Guericke's experiment and, with Robert Hooke, constructed the first air pump that allowed small animals to be exposed to a low pressure. Hooke also constructed a small low-pressure chamber and exposed himself to a simulated altitude of about 2400 meters. With the advent of ballooning, humans were rapidly exposed to very low pressures, sometimes with tragic results. For example, the French balloon, Zénith, rose to over 8000 m, and two of the three aeronauts succumbed to the hypoxia. Paul Bert was the first person to clearly state that the deleterious effects of high altitude were caused by the low partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), and later research was accelerated by high-altitude stations and expeditions to high altitude. © 2015 New York Academy of Sciences.
The HAMMER: High altitude multiple mission environmental researcher
Hayashi, Darren; Zylla, Cara; Amaro, Ernesto; Colin, Phil; Klause, Thomas; Lopez, Bernardo; Williamson, Danna
At the equator, the ozone layer ranges from 65,000 to 130,000+ feet which is beyond the capabilities of the ER-2, NASA's current high altitude reconnaissance aircraft. The Universities Space Research Association, in cooperation with NASA, is sponsoring an undergraduate program which is geared to designing an aircraft that can study the ozone layer at the equator. This aircraft must be able to satisfy four mission profiles. Mission one is a polar mission which ranges from Chile to the South Pole and back to Chile, a total range of 6000 n. mi. at 100,000 feet with a 2500 lb. payload. The second mission is also a polar mission with a decreased altitude of 70,000 feet and an increased payload of 4000 lb. For the third mission, the aircraft will take-off at NASA Ames, cruise at 100,000 feet carrying a 2500 lb. payload, and land in Puerto Montt, Chile. The final mission requires the aircraft to take-off at NASA Ames, cruise at 100,000 feet with a 1000 lb. payload, make an excursion to 120,000 feet, and land at Howard AFB, Panama. All three missions require that a subsonic Mach number is maintained due to constraints imposed by the air sampling equipment. The aircraft need not be manned for all four missions. Three aircraft configurations were determined to be the most suitable for meeting the above requirements. The performance of each configuration is analyzed to investigate the feasibility of the project requirements. In the event that a requirement can not be obtained within the given constraints, recommendations for proposal modifications are given.
First ever in situ observations of Venus' polar upper atmosphere density using the tracking data of the Venus Express Atmospheric Drag Experiment (VExADE)
Rosenblatt, P.; Bruinsma, S. L.; Müller-Wodarg, I. C. F.; Häusler, B.; Svedhem, H.; Marty, J. C.
On its highly elliptical 24 h orbit around Venus, the Venus Express (VEX) spacecraft briefly reaches a periapsis altitude of nominally 250 km. Recently, however, dedicated and intense radio tracking campaigns have taken place in August 2008, October 2009, February and April 2010, for which the periapsis altitude was lowered to the 186-176 km altitude range in order to be able to probe the upper atmosphere of Venus above the North Pole for the first time ever in situ. As the spacecraft experiences atmospheric drag, its trajectory is measurably perturbed during the periapsis pass, allowing us to infer total atmospheric mass density at the periapsis altitude. A Precise Orbit Determination (POD) of the VEX motion is performed through an iterative least-squares fitting process to the Doppler tracking data, acquired by the VEX radioscience experiment (VeRa). The drag acceleration is modelled using an initial atmospheric density model (VTS3 model, Hedin, A.E., Niemann, H.B., Kasprzak, W.T., Seiff, A. [1983]. J. Geophys. Res. 88, 73-83). A scale factor of the drag acceleration is estimated for each periapsis pass, which scales Hedin's density model in order to best fit the radio tracking data. Reliable density scale factors have been obtained for 10 passes mainly from the second (October 2009) and third (April 2010) VExADE campaigns, which indicate a lower density by a factor of about 1.8 than Hedin's model predicts. These first ever in situ polar density measurements at solar minimum have allowed us to construct a diffusive equilibrium density model for Venus' thermosphere, constrained in the lower thermosphere primarily by SPICAV-SOIR measurements and above 175 km by the VExADE drag measurements (Müller-Wodarg et al., in preparation). The preliminary results of the VExADE campaigns show that it is possible to obtain with the POD technique reliable estimates of Venus' upper atmosphere densities at an altitude of around 175 km. Future VExADE campaigns will benefit from
Global communication using a constellation of low earth meridian orbits
Oli, P. V. S.; Nagarajan, N.; Rayan, H. R.
The concept of 'meridian orbits' is briefly reviewed. It is shown that, if a satellite in the meridian orbit makes an odd number of revolutions per day, then the satellite passes over the same set of meridians twice a day. Satellites in such orbits pass over the same portion of the sky twice a day and every day. This enables a user to adopt a programmed mode of tracking, thereby avoiding a computational facility for orbit prediction, look angle generation, and auto tracking. A constellation of 38 or more satellites placed in a 1200 km altitude circular orbit is favorable for global communications due to various factors. It is shown that appropriate phasing in right ascension of the ascending node and mean anomaly results in a constellation, wherein each satellite appears over the user's horizon one satellite after another. Visibility and coverage plots are provided to verify the continuous coverage.
Resonant Orbital Dynamics in LEO Region: Space Debris in Focus
J. C. Sampaio
Full Text Available The increasing number of objects orbiting the earth justifies the great attention and interest in the observation, spacecraft protection, and collision avoidance. These studies involve different disturbances and resonances in the orbital motions of these objects distributed by the distinct altitudes. In this work, objects in resonant orbital motions are studied in low earth orbits. Using the two-line elements (TLE of the NORAD, resonant angles and resonant periods associated with real motions are described, providing more accurate information to develop an analytical model that describes a certain resonance. The time behaviors of the semimajor axis, eccentricity, and inclination of some space debris are studied. Possible irregular motions are observed by the frequency analysis and by the presence of different resonant angles describing the orbital dynamics of these objects.
North Polar Cap
[figure removed for brevity, see original site] This week we will be looking at five examples of laminar wind flow on the north polar cap. On Earth, gravity-driven south polar cap winds are termed 'catabatic' winds. Catabatic winds begin over the smooth expanse of the cap interior due to temperature differences between the atmosphere and the surface. Once begun, the winds sweep outward along the surface of the polar cap toward the sea. As the polar surface slopes down toward sealevel, the wind speeds increase. Catabatic wind speeds in the Antartic can reach several hundreds of miles per hour. In the images of the Martian north polar cap we can see these same type of winds. Notice the streamers of dust moving downslope over the darker trough sides, these streamers show the laminar flow regime coming off the cap. Within the trough we see turbulent clouds of dust, kicked up at the trough base as the winds slow down and enter a chaotic flow regime. The horizontal lines in these images are due to framelet overlap and lighting conditions over the bright polar cap. Image information: VIS instrument. Latitude 86.5, Longitude 64.5 East (295.5 West). 40 meter/pixel resolution. Note: this THEMIS visual image has not been radiometrically nor geometrically calibrated for this preliminary release. An empirical correction has been performed to remove instrumental effects. A linear shift has been applied in the cross-track and down-track direction to approximate spacecraft and planetary motion. Fully calibrated and geometrically projected images will be released through the Planetary Data System in accordance with Project policies at a later time. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen
The status of polarization studies at HERA
Boege, M.
In August 1992 a vertical electron beam polarization of nearly 60% at 26.7 GeV (spin tune=60.5) was obtained at HERA. This was achieved by optimizing the energy and orbit tunes and by applying harmonic corrections to the closed orbit. The polarization level was reproducible from fill to fill and the calibration of the Compton polarimeter was confirmed by measuring the polarization build up curve. The polarization measurements were made with currents of one to two milliamps. Much higher currents are expected for the 1993 luminosity run (∼ 30 mA were obtained in May 1993). The high polarization level was reproduced at high current. Further polarization studies in parallel with e-p operation are planned. In 1993/94 a pair of spin rotators will be installed in the East straight section so that longitudinal polarization is available at the East interaction point. Simulations with the spin tracking program SITROS are in qualitative agreement with the measurements. Calculations with SITROS show that longitudinal polarizations of up to 50% could then still be achieved
[Physiological aspects of altitude training and the use of altitude simulators].
Ranković, Goran; Radovanović, Dragan
Altitude training in various forms is widely practiced by athletes and coaches in an attempt to improve sea level endurance. Training at high altitude may improve performance at sea level through altitude acclimatisation, which improves oxygen transport and/or utilisation, or through hypoxia, which intensifies the training stimulus. This basic physiological aspect allows three training modalities: live high and train high (classic high-altitude training), live low and train high (training through hypoxia), and live high and train low (the new trend). In an effort to reduce the financial and logistical challenges of travelling to high-altitude training sites, scientists and manufactures have developed artificial high-altitude environments, which simulate the hypoxic conditions of moderate altitude (2000-3000 meters). Endurance athletes from many sports have recently started using nitrogen environments, or hypoxic rooms and tents as part of their altitude training programmes. The results of controlled studies on these modalities of high-altitude training, their practical approach, and ethics are summarised.
Ranković Goran
Full Text Available Altitude training in various forms is widely practiced by athletes and coaches in an attempt to improve sea level endurance. Training at high altitude may improve performance at sea level through altitude acclimatization, which improves oxygen transport and/or utilization, or through hypoxia, which intensifies the training stimulus. This basic physiological aspect allows three training modalities: live high and train high (classic high-altitude training, live low and train high (training through hypoxia, and live high and train low (the new trend. In an effort to reduce the financial and logistical challenges of traveling to high-altitude training sites, scientists and manufactures have developed artificial high-altitude environments, which simulate the hypoxic conditions of moderate altitude (2000-3000 meters. Endurance athletes from many sports have recently started using nitrogen environments, or hypoxic rooms and tents as part of their altitude training programmes. The results of controlled studies on these modalities of high-altitude training, their practical approach, and ethics are summarized.
Dynamics and Morphology of Saturn’s North Polar Region During Cassini’s Final Year
Blalock, John J.; Sayanagi, Kunio M.; Ingersoll, Andrew P.; Dyudina, Ulyana A.; Ewald, Shawn; McCabe, Ryan M.; Gunnarson, Jacob; Garland, Justin; Gallego, Angelina
We present an analysis of Saturn’s north polar region utilizing Cassini ISS images captured in visible and near-infrared wavelengths during late 2016 and 2017, including images captured during Cassini’s Grand Finale orbits. To measure the wind field in the region, we utilize the two-dimensional correlation imaging velocimetry (CIV) technique. We also calculate the relative vorticity and divergence from the wind field. To detect changes in the dynamics, we compare measurements of the wind, relative vorticity, and divergence in 2012 and 2013 with those from 2016/2017. We also compare cloud reflectivity between 2012/2013 and 2016/2017 in images that show the north pole under similar illumination conditions. To detect changes in cloud reflectivity, we utilize a Minnaert correction to calculate the zonal mean reflectivity as a function of latitude. Furthermore, we compare the winds and cloud reflectivity at several wavelengths in order to look for changes occurring at different altitudes. Our results indicate that while the dynamics of the north polar region have remained relatively stable, there have been significant morphology changes that have resulted in dramatic color changes. We hypothesize that these changes are a result of the seasonal cycle and linked to the increased production of photochemical hazes in the atmosphere. Our work has been supported by NASA PATM NNX14AK07G, NSF AAG 1212216, and NASA NESSF NNX15AQ70H.
Acute high-altitude illness | Hofmeyr | South African Medical Journal
A substantial proportion of South Africa (SA)'s population lives at high altitude (>1 500 m), and many travel to very high altitudes (>3 500 m) for tourism, business, recreation or religious pilgrimages every year. Despite this, knowledge of acute altitude illnesses is poor among SA doctors. At altitude, the decreasing ambient ...
Traumatic orbital CSF leak
Borumandi, Farzad
Compared to the cerebrospinalfluid (CSF) leak through the nose and ear, the orbital CSF leak is a rare and underreported condition following head trauma. We present the case of a 49-year-old woman with oedematous eyelid swelling and ecchymosis after a seemingly trivial fall onto the right orbit. Apart from the above, she was clinically unremarkable. The CT scan revealed a minimally displaced fracture of the orbital roof with no emphysema or intracranial bleeding. The fractured orbital roof in combination with the oedematous eyelid swelling raised the suspicion for orbital CSF leak. The MRI of the neurocranium demonstrated a small-sized CSF fistula extending from the anterior cranial fossa to the right orbit. The patient was treated conservatively and the lid swelling resolved completely after 5 days. Although rare, orbital CSF leak needs to be included in the differential diagnosis of periorbital swelling following orbital trauma. PMID:24323381
Can High Altitude Influence Cytokines and Sleep?
Valdir de Aquino Lemos
Full Text Available The number of persons who relocate to regions of high altitude for work, pleasure, sport, or residence increases every year. It is known that the reduced supply of oxygen (O2 induced by acute or chronic increases in altitude stimulates the body to adapt to new metabolic challenges imposed by hypoxia. Sleep can suffer partial fragmentation because of the exposure to high altitudes, and these changes have been described as one of the responsible factors for the many consequences at high altitudes. We conducted a review of the literature during the period from 1987 to 2012. This work explored the relationships among inflammation, hypoxia and sleep in the period of adaptation and examined a novel mechanism that might explain the harmful effects of altitude on sleep, involving increased Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β, Interleukin-6 (IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α production from several tissues and cells, such as leukocytes and cells from skeletal muscle and brain.
de Aquino Lemos, Valdir; dos Santos, Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli; Lira, Fabio Santos; Rodrigues, Bruno; Tufik, Sergio; de Mello, Marco Tulio
The number of persons who relocate to regions of high altitude for work, pleasure, sport, or residence increases every year. It is known that the reduced supply of oxygen (O2) induced by acute or chronic increases in altitude stimulates the body to adapt to new metabolic challenges imposed by hypoxia. Sleep can suffer partial fragmentation because of the exposure to high altitudes, and these changes have been described as one of the responsible factors for the many consequences at high altitudes. We conducted a review of the literature during the period from 1987 to 2012. This work explored the relationships among inflammation, hypoxia and sleep in the period of adaptation and examined a novel mechanism that might explain the harmful effects of altitude on sleep, involving increased Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production from several tissues and cells, such as leukocytes and cells from skeletal muscle and brain. PMID:23690660
Orbital parameters of extrasolar planets derived from polarimetry
Fluri, D. M.; Berdyugina, S. V.
Context. Polarimetry of extrasolar planets becomes a new tool for their investigation, which requires the development of diagnostic techniques and parameter case studies. Aims: Our goal is to develop a theoretical model which can be applied to interpret polarimetric observations of extrasolar planets. Here we present a theoretical parameter study that shows the influence of the various involved parameters on the polarization curves. Furthermore, we investigate the robustness of the fitting procedure. We focus on the diagnostics of orbital parameters and the estimation of the scattering radius of the planet. Methods: We employ the physics of Rayleigh scattering to obtain polarization curves of an unresolved extrasolar planet. Calculations are made for two cases: (i) assuming an angular distribution for the intensity of the scattered light as from a Lambert sphere and for polarization as from a Rayleigh-type scatterer; and (ii) assuming that both the intensity and polarization of the scattered light are distributed according to the Rayleigh law. We show that the difference between these two cases is negligible for the shapes of the polarization curves. In addition, we take the size of the host star into account, which is relevant for hot Jupiters orbiting giant stars. Results: We discuss the influence of the inclination of the planetary orbit, the position angle of the ascending node, and the eccentricity on the linearly polarized light curves both in Stokes Q/I and U/I. We also analyze errors that arise from the assumption of a point-like star in numerical modeling of polarization as compared to consistent calculations accounting for the finite size of the host star. We find that errors due to the point-like star approximation are reduced with the size of the orbit, but still amount to about 5% for known hot Jupiters. Recovering orbital parameters from simulated data is shown to be very robust even for very noisy data because the polarization curves react
Eye and orbital cavity
Panfilova, G.V.; Koval', G.Yu.
Radioanatomy of eyes and orbit is described. Diseases of the orbit (developmental anomalies, inflammatory diseases, lacrimal apparatus deseases, toxoplasmosis, tumors and cysts et al.), methods of foreign body localization in the eye are considered. Roentgenograms of the orbit and calculation table for foreign body localization in spherical eyes of dissimilar diameter are presented
Introducing Earth's Orbital Eccentricity
Oostra, Benjamin
Most students know that planetary orbits, including Earth's, are elliptical; that is Kepler's first law, and it is found in many science textbooks. But quite a few are mistaken about the details, thinking that the orbit is very eccentric, or that this effect is somehow responsible for the seasons. In fact, the Earth's orbital eccentricity is…
Application of circular polarized synchrotron radiation
Miyahara, Tsuneaki; Kawata, Hiroshi
The idea of using the polarizing property of light for physical experiment by controlling it variously has been known from old time, and the Faraday effect and the research by polarizing microscopy are its examples. The light emitted from the electron orbit of an accelerator has the different polarizing characteristics from those of the light of a laboratory light source, and as far as observing it within the electron orbit plane, it becomes linearly polarized light. By utilizing this property well, research is carried out at present in synchrotron experimental facilities. Recently, the technology related to the insert type light cources using permanent magnets has advanced remarkably, and circular polarized light has become to be producible. If the light like this can be obtained with the energy not only in far ultraviolet region but also to x-ray region at high luminance, new possibility should open. At the stage that the design of an insert type light source was finished, and its manufacture was started, the research on the method of evaluating the degree of circular polarization and the research on the utilization of circular polarized synchrotron radiation are earnestly carried out. In this report, the results of researches presented at the study meeting are summarized. Moreover, the design and manufacture of the beam lines for exclusive use will be carried out. (Kako, I.)
PALOMA: A Magnetic CV between Polars and Intermediate Polars
Joshi, Arti; Pandey, J. C.; Singh, K. P.; Agrawal, P. C.
We present analyses of archival X-ray data obtained from the XMM-Newton satellite and optical photometric data obtained from 1 m class telescopes of ARIES, Nainital of a magnetic cataclysmic variable (MCV) Paloma. Two persistent periods at 156 ± 1 minutes and 130 ± 1 minutes are present in the X-ray data, which we interpret as the orbital and spin periods, respectively. These periods are similar to those obtained from the previous as well as new optical photometric observations. The soft-X-ray excess seen in the X-ray spectrum of Paloma and the averaged X-ray spectra are well fitted by two-temperature plasma models with temperatures of {0.10}-0.01+0.02 and {13.0}-0.5+0.5 keV with an Fe Kα line and an absorbing column density of 4.6 × 1022 cm-2. This material partially covers 60 ± 2% of the X-ray source. We also present the orbital and spin-phase-resolved spectroscopy of Paloma in the 0.3{--}10.0 {keV} energy band and find that the X-ray spectral parameters show orbital and spin-phase dependencies. New results obtained from optical and X-ray studies of Paloma indicate that it belongs to a class of a few magnetic CVs that seem to have the characteristics of both the polars and the intermediate polars.
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) instrument overview
Robinson, M.S.; Brylow, S.M.; Tschimmel, M.; Humm, D.; Lawrence, S.J.; Thomas, P.C.; Denevi, B.W.; Bowman-Cisneros, E.; Zerr, J.; Ravine, M.A.; Caplinger, M.A.; Ghaemi, F.T.; Schaffner, J.A.; Malin, M.C.; Mahanti, P.; Bartels, A.; Anderson, J.; Tran, T.N.; Eliason, E.M.; McEwen, A.S.; Turtle, E.; Jolliff, B.L.; Hiesinger, H.
The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) Wide Angle Camera (WAC) and Narrow Angle Cameras (NACs) are on the NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO). The WAC is a 7-color push-frame camera (100 and 400 m/pixel visible and UV, respectively), while the two NACs are monochrome narrow-angle linescan imagers (0.5 m/pixel). The primary mission of LRO is to obtain measurements of the Moon that will enable future lunar human exploration. The overarching goals of the LROC investigation include landing site identification and certification, mapping of permanently polar shadowed and sunlit regions, meter-scale mapping of polar regions, global multispectral imaging, a global morphology base map, characterization of regolith properties, and determination of current impact hazards.
Hydrogen Distribution in the Lunar Polar Regions
Sanin, A. B.; Mitrofanov, I. G.; Litvak, M. L.; Bakhtin, B. N.; Bodnarik, J. G.; Boynton, W. V.; Chin, G.; Evans, L. G.; Harshmann, K.; Fedosov, F.;
We present a method of conversion of the lunar neutron counting rate measured by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) instrument collimated neutron detectors, to water equivalent hydrogen (WEH) in the top approximately 1 m layer of lunar regolith. Polar maps of the Moon’s inferred hydrogen abundance are presented and discussed.
Atmospheric electron flux at airplane altitude
Enomoto, R.; Chiba, J.; Ogawa, K.; Sumiyoshi, T.; Takasaki, F.; Kifune, T.; Matsubara, Y.; Nishimura, J.
We have developed a new detector to systematically measure the cosmic-ray electron flux at airplane altitudes. We loaded a lead-glass-based electron telescope onto a commercial cargo airplane. The first experiment was carried out using the air route between Narita (Japan) and Sydney (Australia); during this flight we measured the electron flux at various altitudes and latitudes. The thresholds of the electron energies were 1, 2, and 4 GeV. The results agree with a simple estimation using one-dimensional shower theory. A comparison with a Monte Carlo calculation was made
Strategic Polarization.
Kalai, Adam; Kalai, Ehud
In joint decision making, similarly minded people may take opposite positions. Consider the example of a marriage in which one spouse gives generously to charity while the other donates nothing. Such "polarization" may misrepresent what is, in actuality, a small discrepancy in preferences. It may be that the donating spouse would like to see 10% of their combined income go to charity each year, while the apparently frugal spouse would like to see 8% donated. A simple game-theoretic analysis suggests that the spouses will end up donating 10% and 0%, respectively. By generalizing this argument to a larger class of games, we provide strategic justification for polarization in many situations such as debates, shared living accommodations, and disciplining children. In some of these examples, an arbitrarily small disagreement in preferences leads to an arbitrarily large loss in utility for all participants. Such small disagreements may also destabilize what, from game-theoretic point of view, is a very stable equilibrium. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
Nontraumatic orbital roof encephalocele.
Hoang, Amber; Maugans, Todd; Ngo, Thang; Ikeda, Jamie
Intraorbital meningoencephaloceles occur most commonly as a complication of traumatic orbital roof fractures. Nontraumatic congenital orbital meningoncephaloceles are very rare, with most secondary to destructive processes affecting the orbit and primary skull defects. Treatment for intraorbital meningoencephaloceles is surgical repair, involving the excision of herniated brain parenchyma and meninges and reconstruction of the osseous defect. Most congenital lesions present in infancy with obvious globe and orbital deformities; we report an orbital meningoencephalocele in a 3-year-old girl who presented with ptosis. Copyright © 2017 American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ICESat's First Year of Measurements Over the Polar Ice Sheets
Shuman, C. A.
NASA's Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) mission was developed to measure changes in elevation of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. Its primary mission goal is to significantly refine estimates of polar ice sheet mass balance. Obtaining precise, spatially dense, ice sheet elevations through time is the first step towards this goal. ICESat data will then enable study of associations between observed ice changes and dynamic or climatic forcing factors, and thus enable improved estimation of the present and future contributions of the ice sheets to global sea level rise. ICESat was launched on January 12, 2003 and acquired science data from February 20th to March 29th with the first of the three lasers of the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS). Data acquisition with the second laser began on September 25th and continued until November 18th, 2003. For one-year change detection, the second laser is scheduled for operation from approximately February 17th to March 20th, 2004. Additional operational periods will be selected to 1) enable periodic measurements through the year, and 2) to support of other NASA Earth Science Enterprise missions and activities. To obtain these precise ice sheet elevations, GLAS has a 1064 nm wavelength laser operating at 40 Hz with a designed range precision of about 10 cm. The laser footprints are about 70 m in diameter on the Earth's surface and are spaced every 172 m along-track. The on-board GPS receiver enables radial orbit determinations to an accuracy better than 5 cm. The star-tracking attitude-determination system will enable laser footprints to be located to 6 m horizontally when attitude calibration is completed. The orbital altitude averages 600 km at an inclination of 94 degrees with coverage extending from 86 degrees N and S latitude. The spacecraft attitude can be controlled to point the laser beam to within 50 m of surface reference tracks over the ice sheets and to point off-nadir up to 5 degrees to
Platelet injectors for Space Shuttle orbit maneuvering engine
Kahl, R. C.; Labotz, R. J.; Bassham, L. B.
The Space Shuttle Orbit Maneuvering Subsystem Rocket Engine employs a platelet element injector concept. This injector has demonstrated 316-sec vacuum specific impulse performance under simulated altitude conditions when tested with a milled slot/electroformed nickel close-out regenerative chamber and a full 71 area ratio nozzle. To date, over 300 altitude engine tests and 300 stability bomb tests have demonstrated stable, erosion free operation with this concept to test durations of 150 seconds. The injector and chamber also meet the reusable requirements of the shuttle with a cycle life capability in excess of 1000 cycles. An extensive altitude restart program has also demonstrated OMS-engine operation over large variations in the burn and coast times with helium saturated propellants.
Deadly Sunflower Orbits
Hamilton, Douglas P.
Solar radiation pressure is usually very effective at removing hazardous millimeter-sized debris from distant orbits around asteroidsand other small solar system bodies (Hamilton and Burns 1992). Theprimary loss mechanism, driven by the azimuthal component of radiationpressure, is eccentricity growth followed by a forced collision withthe central body. One large class of orbits, however, neatly sidestepsthis fate. Orbits oriented nearly perpendicular to the solar directioncan maintain their face-on geometry, oscillating slowly around a stableequilibrium orbit. These orbits, designated sunflower orbits, arerelated to terminator orbits studied by spacecraft mission designers(Broschart etal. 2014).Destabilization of sunflower orbits occurs only for particles smallenough that radiation pressure is some tens of percent the strength ofthe central body's direct gravity. This greatly enhanced stability,which follows from the inability of radiation incident normal to theorbit to efficiently drive eccentricities, presents a threat tospacecraft missions, as numerous dangerous projectiles are potentiallyretained in orbit. We have investigated sunflower orbits insupport of the New Horizons, Aida, and Lucy missions and find thatthese orbits are stable for hazardous particle sizes at asteroids,comets, and Kuiper belt objects of differing dimensions. Weinvestigate the sources and sinks for debris that might populate suchorbits, estimate timescales and equilibrium populations, and willreport on our findings.
Orbital fractures: a review
Jeffrey M Joseph
Full Text Available Jeffrey M Joseph, Ioannis P GlavasDivision of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA; Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital, New York, NY, USAAbstract: This review of orbital fractures has three goals: 1 to understand the clinically relevant orbital anatomy with regard to periorbital trauma and orbital fractures, 2 to explain how to assess and examine a patient after periorbital trauma, and 3 to understand the medical and surgical management of orbital fractures. The article aims to summarize the evaluation and management of commonly encountered orbital fractures from the ophthalmologic perspective and to provide an overview for all practicing ophthalmologists and ophthalmologists in training.Keywords: orbit, trauma, fracture, orbital floor, medial wall, zygomatic, zygomatic complex, zmc fracture, zygomaticomaxillary complex fracturesÂ
Spin-orbit beams for optical chirality measurement
Samlan, C. T.; Suna, Rashmi Ranjan; Naik, Dinesh N.; Viswanathan, Nirmal K.
Accurate measurement of chirality is essential for the advancement of natural and pharmaceutical sciences. We report here a method to measure chirality using non-separable states of light with geometric phase-gradient in the circular polarization basis, which we refer to as spin-orbit beams. A modified polarization Sagnac interferometer is used to generate spin-orbit beams wherein the spin and orbital angular momentum of the input Gaussian beam are coupled. The out-of-phase interference between counter-propagating Gaussian beams with orthogonal spin states and lateral-shear or/and linear-phase difference between them results in spin-orbit beams with linear and azimuthal phase gradient. The spin-orbit beams interact efficiently with the chiral medium, inducing a measurable change in the center-of-mass of the beam, using the polarization rotation angle and hence the chirality of the medium are accurately calculated. Tunable dynamic range of measurement and flexibility to introduce large values of orbital angular momentum for the spin-orbit beam, to improve the measurement sensitivity, highlight the techniques' versatility.
Drag Coefficient Estimation in Orbit Determination
McLaughlin, Craig A.; Manee, Steve; Lichtenberg, Travis
Drag modeling is the greatest uncertainty in the dynamics of low Earth satellite orbits where ballistic coefficient and density errors dominate drag errors. This paper examines fitted drag coefficients found as part of a precision orbit determination process for Stella, Starlette, and the GEOSAT Follow-On satellites from 2000 to 2005. The drag coefficients for the spherical Stella and Starlette satellites are assumed to be highly correlated with density model error. The results using MSIS-86, NRLMSISE-00, and NRLMSISE-00 with dynamic calibration of the atmosphere (DCA) density corrections are compared. The DCA corrections were formulated for altitudes of 200-600 km and are found to be inappropriate when applied at 800 km. The yearly mean fitted drag coefficients are calculated for each satellite for each year studied. The yearly mean drag coefficients are higher for Starlette than Stella, where Starlette is at a higher altitude. The yearly mean fitted drag coefficients for all three satellites decrease as solar activity decreases after solar maximum.
Mercury's Seasonal Sodium Exosphere: MESSENGER Orbital Observations
Cassidy, Timothy A.; Merkel, Aimee W.; Burger, Matthew H.; Killen, Rosemary M.; McClintock, William E.; Vervack, Ronald J., Jr.; Sarantos, Menelaos
The Mercury Atmospheric and Surface Composition Spectrometer (MASCS) Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrometer (UVVS) on the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft now orbiting Mercury provides the first close-up look at the planet's sodium exosphere. UVVS has observed the exosphere from orbit almost daily for over 10 Mercury years. In this paper we describe and analyze a subset of these data: altitude profiles taken above the low-latitude dayside and south pole. The observations show spatial and temporal variations, but there are no obvious year-to-year variations in most of the observations. We do not see the episodic variability reported by some ground-based observers. We used these altitude profiles to make estimates of sodium density and temperature. The bulk of the exosphere, at about 1200 K, is much warmer than Mercury's surface. This value is consistent with some ground-based measurements and suggests that photon-stimulated desorption is the primary ejection process. We also observe a tenuous energetic component but do not see evidence of the predicted thermalized (or partially thermalized) sodium near Mercury's surface temperature. Overall we do not see the variable mixture of temperatures predicted by most Monte Carlo models of the exosphere.
Potential Operating Orbits for the SAFE-400
Houts, Mike; Kos, Larry; Poston, David
Safety must be ensured during all phases of space fission system design, development, fabrication, launch, operation, and shutdown. One potential space fission system application is fission electric propulsion (FEP), in which fission energy is converted into electricity and used to power high efficiency (Isp > 3000 s) electric thrusters. For these types of systems it is important to determine which operational scenarios ensure safety while allowing maximum mission performance and flexibility. Space fission systems are essentially non-radioactive at launch, prior to extended operation at high power. Once high power operation begins, system radiological inventory steadily increases as fission products build up. For a given fission product isotope, the maximum radiological inventory is typically achieved once the system has operated for a length of time equivalent to several half-lives. After that time, the isotope decays at the same rate it is produced, and no further inventory builds in. For an FEP mission beginning in Earth orbit, altitude and orbital lifetime increase as the propulsion system operates. Two simultaneous effects of fission propulsion system operation are thus (1) increasing fission product inventory and (2) increasing orbital lifetime. Phrased differently, as fission products build up, more time is required for the fission products to naturally convert back into non-radioactive isotopes. Simultaneously, as fission products build up, orbital lifetime increases, providing more time for the fission products to naturally convert back into nonradioactive isotopes. Operational constraints required to ensure safety can thus be quantified. (authors)
Long-period polar rain variations, solar wind and hemispherically symmetric polar rain
Makita, K.; Meng, C.
On the basic of electron data obtained by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F2 satellite the long-period variations of the polar rain flux are examined for four consecutive solar rotations. It is clearly demonstrated that the asymmetric enhancement of the polar rain flux is strongly controlled by the sector structure of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). However, the orbit-to-orbit and day-to-day variations of the polar rain flux are detected even during a very stable sector period, and the polar rain flux does not have any clear relationship to the magnitude of the IMF B/sub x/ or B/sub y/. Thus the polarity of B/sub x/ controls only the accessibility of a polar region. It is also noticed that the intensity of polar rain fluxes does not show any relationship to the density of the solar wind, suggesting that the origin of the polar rain electrons is different from the commonly observed part of the solar wind electron distribution function. In addition to the asymmetric polar rain distribution, increasing polar rain fluxes of similar high intensity are sometimes detected over both polar caps. An examination of more than 1 year's data from the DMSP F2 and F4 satellites shows that simultaneous intense uniform precipitations (>10 7 electrons/cm 2 s sr) over both polar caps are not coincidental; it also shows that the spectra are similar. The occurrence of hemispherically symmetric events is not common. They generally are observed after an IMF sector transition period, during unstable periods in the sector structure, and while the solar wind density is high. copyright American Geophysical Union 1987
Polarized secondary radioactive beams
Zaika, N.I.
Three methods of polarized radioactive nuclei beam production: a) a method nuclear interaction of the non-polarized or polarized charged projectiles with target nuclei; b) a method of polarization of stopped reaction radioactive products in a special polarized ion source with than following acceleration; c) a polarization of radioactive nuclei circulating in a storage ring are considered. Possible life times of the radioactive ions for these methods are determined. General schemes of the polarization method realizations and depolarization problems are discussed
Frozen orbit realization using LQR analogy
Nagarajan, N.; Rayan, H. Reno
In the case of remote sensing orbits, the Frozen Orbit concept minimizes altitude variations over a given region using passive means. This is achieved by establishing the mean eccentricity vector at the orbital poles i.e., by fixing the mean argument of perigee at 90 deg with an appropriate eccentricity to balance the perturbations due to zonal harmonics J2 and J3 of the Earth's potential. Eccentricity vector is a vector whose magnitude is the eccentricity and direction is the argument of perigee. The launcher dispersions result in an eccentricity vector which is away from the frozen orbit values. The objective is then to formulate an orbit maneuver strategy to optimize the fuel required to achieve the frozen orbit in the presence of visibility and impulse constraints. It is shown that the motion of the eccentricity vector around the frozen perigee can be approximated as a circle. Combining the circular motion of the eccentricity vector around the frozen point and the maneuver equation, the following discrete equation is obtained. X(k+1) = AX(k) + Bu(k), where X is the state (i.e. eccentricity vector components), A the state transition matrix, u the scalar control force (i.e. dV in this case) and B the control matrix which transforms dV into eccentricity vector change. Based on this, it is shown that the problem of optimizing the fuel can be treated as a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) problem in which the maneuver can be solved by using control system design tools like MATLAB by deriving an analogy LQR design.
An interstellar origin for Jupiter's retrograde co-orbital asteroid
Namouni, F.; Morais, M. H. M.
Asteroid (514107) 2015 BZ509 was discovered recently in Jupiter's co-orbital region with a retrograde motion around the Sun. The known chaotic dynamics of the outer Solar system have so far precluded the identification of its origin. Here, we perform a high-resolution statistical search for stable orbits and show that asteroid (514107) 2015 BZ509 has been in its current orbital state since the formation of the Solar system. This result indicates that (514107) 2015 BZ509 was captured from the interstellar medium 4.5 billion years in the past as planet formation models cannot produce such a primordial large-inclination orbit with the planets on nearly coplanar orbits interacting with a coplanar debris disc that must produce the low-inclination small-body reservoirs of the Solar system such as the asteroid and Kuiper belts. This result also implies that more extrasolar asteroids are currently present in the Solar system on nearly polar orbits.
Makosinski, S.
In many applications polar cranes have to be repeatedly positioned with high accuracy. A guidance system is disclosed which has two pairs of guides. Each guide consists of two rollers carried by a sheave rotatable mounted on the crane bridge, the rollers being locatable one on each side of a guideway, e.g. the circular track on which the bridge runs. The pairs of guides are interconnected by respective rope loops which pass around and are locked to the respective pairs of sheaves in such a manner that movement of one guide results in equal movement of the other guide in a sense to maintain the repeatability of positioning of the centre of the bridge. A hydraulically-linked guide system is also described. (author)
Dietary Recommendations for Cyclists during Altitude Training
Michalczyk, Małgorzata; Czuba, Miłosz; Zydek, Grzegorz; Zając, Adam; Langfort, Józef
The concept of altitude or hypoxic training is a common practice in cycling. However, several strategies for training regimens have been proposed, like “live high, train high� (LH-TH), “live high, train low� (LH-TL) or “intermittent hypoxic training� (IHT). Each of them combines the effect of acclimatization and different training protocols that require specific nutrition. An appropriate nutrition strategy and adequate hydration can help athletes achieve their fitness and performance goals in this unfriendly environment. In this review, the physiological stress of altitude exposure and training will be discussed, with specific nutrition recommendations for athletes training under such conditions. However, there is little research about the nutrition demands of athletes who train at moderate altitude. Our review considers energetic demands and body mass or body composition changes due to altitude training, including respiratory and urinary water loss under these conditions. Carbohydrate intake recommendations and hydration status are discussed in detail, while iron storage and metabolism is also considered. Last, but not least the risk of increased oxidative stress under hypoxic conditions and antioxidant supplementation suggestions are presented. PMID:27322318
Dietary Recommendations for Cyclists during Altitude Training.
The concept of altitude or hypoxic training is a common practice in cycling. However, several strategies for training regimens have been proposed, like "live high, train high" (LH-TH), "live high, train low" (LH-TL) or "intermittent hypoxic training" (IHT). Each of them combines the effect of acclimatization and different training protocols that require specific nutrition. An appropriate nutrition strategy and adequate hydration can help athletes achieve their fitness and performance goals in this unfriendly environment. In this review, the physiological stress of altitude exposure and training will be discussed, with specific nutrition recommendations for athletes training under such conditions. However, there is little research about the nutrition demands of athletes who train at moderate altitude. Our review considers energetic demands and body mass or body composition changes due to altitude training, including respiratory and urinary water loss under these conditions. Carbohydrate intake recommendations and hydration status are discussed in detail, while iron storage and metabolism is also considered. Last, but not least the risk of increased oxidative stress under hypoxic conditions and antioxidant supplementation suggestions are presented.
Ocular morbidity among porters at high altitudes.
Gnyawali, Subodh; Shrestha, Gauri Shankar; Khanal, Safal; Dennis, Talisa; Spencer, John C
High altitude, often characterized by settings over 2400m, can be detrimental to the human body and pose a significant risk to ocular health. Reports concerning various ocular morbidities occurring as a consequence of high altitude are limited in the current literature. This study was aimed at evaluating the ocular health of porters working at high altitudesof Himalayas in Nepal. A mobile eye clinic was set up in Ghat and patient data were collected from its out- patient unit by a team of seven optometrists which was run for five days. Ghat is a small village in north-eastern Nepal, located at 2860 m altitude. Travellers walking through the trekking route were invited to get their eyes checked at the clinic. Comprehensive ocular examinations were performed, including visual acuities, objective and subjective refraction, anterior and posterior segment evaluations, and intraocular pressure measurements; blood pressure and blood glucose levels were also measured as required. Ocular therapeutics, prescription glasses, sunglasses and ocular health referrals were provided free of cost as necessary. A total of 1890 people visited the eye clinic, among which 57.4% (n=1084) were porters. Almost half of the porters had an ocular morbidity. Correctable refractive error was most prevalent, with other ocular health-related complications, including dry eye disease, infectious disorders, glaucoma and cataract. Proper provision of regular and effective eye care services should be made more available for those residing at these high altitudes in Nepal. © NEPjOPH.
Altitude, Orthocenter of a Triangle and Triangulation
Coghetto Roland
Full Text Available We introduce the altitudes of a triangle (the cevians perpendicular to the opposite sides. Using the generalized Ceva’s Theorem, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the orthocenter of a triangle [7]. Finally, we formalize in Mizar [1] some formulas [2] to calculate distance using triangulation.
76 FR 11675 - IFR Altitudes; Miscellaneous Amendments
... action is needed because of changes occurring in the National Airspace System. These changes are designed... matters of flight safety and operational efficiency in the National Airspace System, are related to... RIVER, AK NDB BARTER ISLAND, AK NDB... 2000 From To MEA MAA Sec. 95.3000 Low Altitude RNAV Routes Sec...
Małgorzata Michalczyk
Full Text Available The concept of altitude or hypoxic training is a common practice in cycling. However, several strategies for training regimens have been proposed, like “live high, train high� (LH-TH, “live high, train low� (LH-TL or “intermittent hypoxic training� (IHT. Each of them combines the effect of acclimatization and different training protocols that require specific nutrition. An appropriate nutrition strategy and adequate hydration can help athletes achieve their fitness and performance goals in this unfriendly environment. In this review, the physiological stress of altitude exposure and training will be discussed, with specific nutrition recommendations for athletes training under such conditions. However, there is little research about the nutrition demands of athletes who train at moderate altitude. Our review considers energetic demands and body mass or body composition changes due to altitude training, including respiratory and urinary water loss under these conditions. Carbohydrate intake recommendations and hydration status are discussed in detail, while iron storage and metabolism is also considered. Last, but not least the risk of increased oxidative stress under hypoxic conditions and antioxidant supplementation suggestions are presented.
Low-altitude ion heating with downflowing and upflowing ions
Shen, Y.; Knudsen, D. J.; Burchill, J. K.; Howarth, A. D.; Yau, A. W.; James, G.; Miles, D.; Cogger, L. L.; Perry, G. W.
Mechanisms that energize ions at the initial stage of ion upflow are still not well understood. We statistically investigate ionospheric ion energization and field-aligned motion at very low altitudes (330-730 km) using simultaneous plasma, magnetic field, wave electric field and optical data from the e-POP satellite. The high-time-resolution (10 ms) dataset enables us to study the micro-structures of ion heating and field-aligned ion motion. The ion temperature and field-aligned bulk flow velocity are derived from 2-D ion distribution functions measured by the SEI instrument. From March 2015 to March 2016, we've found 17 orbits (in total 24 ion heating periods) with clear ion heating signatures passing across the dayside cleft or the nightside auroral regions. Most of these events have consistent ion heating and flow velocity characteristics observed from both the SEI and IRM instruments. The perpendicular ion temperature goes up to 4.5 eV within a 2 km-wide region in some cases, in which the Radio Receiver Instrument (RRI) sees broadband extremely low frequency (BBELF) waves, demonstrating significant wave-ion heating down to as low as 350 km. The e-POP Fast Auroral Imager (FAI) and Magnetic Field (MGF) instruments show that many events are associated with active aurora and are within downward current regions. Contrary to what would be expected from mirror-force acceleration of heated ions, the majority of these heating events (17 out of 24) are associated with the core ion downflow rather than upflow. These statistical results provide us with new sights into ion heating and field-aligned flow processes at very low altitudes.
A statistical study of high-altitude electric fields measured on the Viking satellite
Lindqvist, P.A.; Marklund, G.T.
Characteristics of high-altitude data from the Viking electric field instrument are presented in a statistical study based on 109 Viking orbits. The study is focused in particular on the signatures of and relationships between various parameters measured by the electric field instrument, such as the parallel and transverse (to B) components of the electric field instrument, such as electric field variability. A major goal of the Viking mission was to investigate the occurrence and properties of parallel electric fields and their role in the auroral acceleration process. The results in this paper on the altitude distribution of the electric field variability confirm earlier findings on the distribution of small-scale electric fields and indicate the presence of parallel fields up to about 11,000 km altitude. The directly measured parallel electric field is also investigated in some detail. It is in general directed upward with an average value of 1 mV/m, but depends on, for example, altitude and plasma density. Possible sources of error in the measurement of the parallel field are also considered and accounted for
SEE in-flight measurement on the MIR orbital station
Falguere, D.; Duzellier, S.; Ecoffet, R.
SEE spaceflight measurements are presented on HM65756 SRAM from Matra-MHS, Seeq 28C256 and Motorola MC68020 microprocessor (bulk version) in the MIR station orbit (350 km altitude, 51.6 degree inclination). Accelerator testing (heavy ion and proton) of flight spares permits the prediction of the event rates using standard model such as CREME and SPACERAD as well as characterizations of the flight components allowing the comparison of in-orbit observations. Event rate prediction and ground-testing data are compared
Ground Target Overflight and Orbital Maneuvering via Atmospheric Maneuvers
Total deceleration m ∙ s−2 Gravitational acceleration m ∙ s−2 ℎ Altitude m Inclination angle rad Vehicle mass kg Geocentric ...total atmospheric inclination change approached the limit of approximately 36.2° as the number of atmospheric passes increased. This inclination...determine the longitude. By expanding and simplifying Eqs. (3.1) and (3.5) for a circular orbit, the position can be written in the Geocentric Equatorial
High altitude pulmonary edema among "Amarnath Yatris"
Parvaiz A Koul
Full Text Available Background: Annual pilgrimage (Yatra to the cave shrine of Shri Amarnath Ji′ is a holy ritual among the Hindu devotees of Lord Shiva. Located in the Himalayan Mountain Range (altitude 13,000 ft in south Kashmir, the shrine is visited by thousands of devotees and altitude sickness is reportedly common. Materials and Methods: More than 600,000 pilgrims visited the cave shrine in 2011 and 2012 with 239 recorded deaths. Thirty one patients with suspected altitude sickness were referred from medical centers en-route the cave to Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, a tertiary-care center in capital Srinagar (5,000 ft. The clinical features and the response to treatment were recorded. Results: Thirty-one patients (all lowlanders, 19 male; age 18-60 years, median 41 had presented with acute onset breathlessness of 1-4 days (median 1.9 d starting within 12-24 h of a rapid ascent; accompanied by cough (68%, headache (8%, dizziness and nausea (65%. Sixteen patients had associated encephalopathy. Clinical features on admission included tachypnea ( n = 31, tachycardia ( n = 23, bilateral chest rales ( n = 29, cyanosis ( n = 22 and grade 2-4 encephalopathy. Hypoxemia was demonstrable in 24 cases and bilateral infiltrates on radiologic imaging in 29. Ten patients had evidence of high-altitude cerebral edema. All patients were managed with oxygen, steroids, nifedipine, sildenafil and other supportive measures including invasive ventilation ( n = 3. Three patients died due to multiorgan dysfunction. Conclusions: Altitude sickness is common among Amaranath Yatris from the plains and appropriate educational strategies should be invoked for prevention and prompt treatment.
Pathology of high altitude pulmonary oedema
Saleem, N.
Objective: To describe autopsy findings in fatal cases of high altitude pulmonary oedema. Study Design: Descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out between 1999 and 2002 at an army field medical unit in Baltistan, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi and Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Patients and Methods:Autopsies were performed in 17 fatal cases of High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) occurring among soldiers serving in Siachen. Results:All cases were males with a mean age of 26.8 years (19-35). The mean altitude at which HAPE occurred was 5192 meters (2895-6492), and the mean duration of stay at these altitudes was 15.3 days (1-30). Eleven individuals had undergone proper acclimatization. The commonest clinical findings were cough (70%), dyspnoea (53%), nausea (47%), headache (41%), vomiting (35%), chest pain (35%) and tightness in chest (24%). Cyanosis and frothy secretions in the nostrils and mouth were present in all but one case. Mean combined weight of lungs was 1470 grams (1070-1810). There was marked congestion of outer and cut surfaces. Interstitial oedema was present in all cases. RBCs and leukocyte infiltrates were seen in 13 and alveolar hyaline membranes in 9 cases. Thrombi were seen in 2 cases. Cerebral oedema was present in 9 cases. Conclusion:HAPE can occur after more than two weeks of stay at high altitudes despite proper acclimatization. Concomitant cerebral oedema is frequently present. Our autopsy findings are consistent with what has been reported previously. (author)
Polarized beams in high energy storage rings
Montague, B W [European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva (Switzerland)
In recent years there has been a considerable advance in understanding the spin motion of particles in storage rings and accelerators. The survey presented here outlines the early historical development in this field, describes the basic ideas governing the kinetics of polarized particles in electromagnetic fields and shows how these have evolved into the current description of polarized beam behaviour. Orbital motion of particles influences their spin precession, and depolarization of a beam can result from excitation of spin resonances by orbit errors and oscillations. Electrons and positrons are additionally influenced by the quantized character of synchrotron radiation, which not only provides a polarizing mechanism but also enhances depolarizing effects. Progress in the theoretical formulation of these phenomena has clarified the details of the physical processes and suggested improved methods of compensating spin resonances. Full use of polarized beams for high-energy physics with storage rings requires spin rotators to produce longitudinal polarization in the interaction regions. Variants of these schemes, dubbed Siberian snakes, provide a curious precession topology which can substantially reduce depolarization in the high-energy range. Efficient polarimetry is an essential requirement for implementing polarized beams, whose utility for physics can be enhanced by various methods of spin manipulation.
A comparison of Doppler lidar wind sensors for Earth-orbit global measurement applications
Menzies, Robert T.
Now, there are four Doppler lidar configurations which are being promoted for the measurement of tropospheric winds: (1) the coherent CO2 Lidar, operating in the 9 micrometer region using a pulsed, atmospheric pressure CO2 gas discharge laser transmitter, and heterodyne detection; (2) the coherent Neodymium doped YAG or Glass Lidar, operating at 1.06 micrometers, using flashlamp or diode laser optical pumping of the solid state laser medium, and heterodyne detection; (3) the Neodymium doped YAG/Glass Lidar, operating at the doubled frequency (at 530 nm wavelength), again using flashlamp or diode laser pumping of the laser transmitter, and using a high resolution tandem Fabry-Perot filter and direct detection; and (4) the Raman shifted Xenon Chloride Lidar, operating at 350 nm wavelength, using a pulsed, atmospheric pressure XeCl gas discharge laser transmitter at 308 nm, Raman shifted in a high pressure hydrogen cell to 350 nm in order to avoid strong stratospheric ozone absorption, also using a high resolution tandem Fabry-Perot filter and direct detection. Comparisons of these four systems can include many factors and tradeoffs. The major portion of this comparison is devoted to efficiency. Efficiency comparisons are made by estimating the number of transmitted photons required for a single pulse wind velocity estimate of + or - 1 m/s accuracy in the middle troposphere, from an altitude of 800 km, which is assured to be reasonable for a polar orbiting platform.
Accelerating polarized beams in Tevatron
Teng, L.C.
In this paper, we will examine the totality of equipment, manpower and cost necessary to obtain a polarized proton beam in the Tevatron. We will not, however, be concerned with the acquisition and acceleration of polarized /bar p/ beams. Furthermore we will consider only a planar main ring without overpass, although it is expected that Siberian snake schemes could be made to apply equally well to non-planar machines. In addition to not wanting to tackle here the task of reformulating the theory for a non-planar closed orbit, we also anticipate that as part of the Tevatron upgrade the main ring will in the not too distant future, be replaced by a planar main injector situated in a separate tunnel. 4 refs., 11 figs., 1 tab
Aiyub, Shereen; Chan, Weng Onn; Szetu, John; Sullivan, Laurence J; Pater, John; Cooper, Peter; Selva, Dinesh
We present a case of mature congenital orbital teratoma managed with lid-sparing exenteration and dermis fat graft. This is a case report on the management of congenital orbital teratoma. A full-term baby was born in Fiji with prolapsed right globe which was surrounded by a nonpulsatile, cystic mass. Clinical and imaging features were consistent with congenital orbital teratoma. Due to limited surgical expertise, the patient was transferred to Adelaide, Australia for further management. The p...
Pictorial essay: Orbital tuberculosis
Narula, Mahender K; Chaudhary, Vikas; Baruah, Dhiraj; Kathuria, Manoj; Anand, Rama
Tuberculosis of the orbit is rare, even in places where tuberculosis is endemic. The disease may involve soft tissue, the lacrimal gland, or the periosteum or bones of the orbital wall. Intracranial extension, in the form of extradural abscess, and infratemporal fossa extension has been described. This pictorial essay illustrates the imaging findings of nine histopathologically confirmed cases of orbital tuberculosis. All these patients responded to antituberculous treatment
Radiology of orbital trauma
Kelly, J.K.; Lazo, A.; Metes, J.J.
Computed tomography has become the gold standard against which to measure orbital imaging modalities. The simultaneous display of bone, soft tissues, paranasal sinuses, and intracranial structures is a unique advantage. Radiation dose and cost have been cited as disadvantages. These would suggest that CT be reserved for the patient with significant orbital injury or difficult diagnostic problems. Magnetic resonance is limited in the investigation of orbital trauma
Neonatal orbital abscess
Khalil M Al-Salem
Full Text Available Orbital complications due to ethmoiditis are rare in neonates. A case of orbital abscess due to acute ethmoiditis in a 28-day-old girl is presented. A Successful outcome was achieved following antimicrobial therapy alone; spontaneous drainage of the abscess occurred from the lower lid without the need for surgery. From this case report, we intend to emphasize on eyelid retraction as a sign of neonatal orbital abscess, and to review all the available literature of similar cases.
High Altitude Balloons as a Platform for Space Radiation Belt Science
Mazzino, L.; Buttenschoen, A.; Farr, Q.; Hodgson, C.; Johnson, W.; Mann, I. R.; Rae, J.; University of Alberta High Altitude Balloons (UA-HAB)
The goals of the University of Alberta High Altitude Balloons Program (UA-HAB) are to i) use low cost balloons to address space radiation science, and ii) to utilise the excitement of "space mission" involvement to promote and facilitate the recruitment of undergraduate and graduate students in physics, engineering, and atmospheric sciences to pursue careers in space science and engineering. The University of Alberta High Altitude Balloons (UA-HAB) is a unique opportunity for University of Alberta students (undergraduate and graduate) to engage in the hands-on design, development, build, test and flight of a payload to operate on a high altitude balloon at around 30km altitude. The program development, including formal design and acceptance tests, reports and reviews, mirror those required in the development of an orbital satellite mission. This enables the students to gain a unique insight into how space missions are flown. UA-HAB is a one and half year program that offers a gateway into a high-altitude balloon mission through hands on experience, and builds skills for students who may be attracted to participate in future space missions in their careers. This early education will provide students with the experience necessary to better assess opportunities for pursuing a career in space science. Balloons offer a low-cost alternative to other suborbital platforms which can be used to address radiation belt science goals. In particular, the participants of this program have written grant proposal to secure funds for this project, have launched several 'weather balloon missions', and have designed, built, tested, and launched their particle detector called "Maple Leaf Particle Detector". This detector was focussed on monitoring cosmic rays and space radiation using shielded Geiger tubes, and was flown as one of the payloads from the institutions participating in the High Altitude Student Platform (HASP), organized by the Louisiana State University and the Louisiana
The effects of Dresselhaus and Rashba spin-orbit interactions on the electron tunneling in a non-magnetic heterostructure
Lu Jianduo; Li Jianwen
We theoretically investigate the electron transport properties in a non-magnetic heterostructure with both Dresselhaus and Rashba spin-orbit interactions. The detailed-numerical results show that (1) the large spin polarization can be achieved due to Dresselhaus and Rashba spin-orbit couplings induced splitting of the resonant level, although the magnetic field is zero in such a structure, (2) the Rashba spin-orbit coupling plays a greater role on the spin polarization than the Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction does, and (3) the transmission probability and the spin polarization both periodically change with the increase of the well width.
Reaching High Altitudes on Mars with an Inflatable Hypersonic Drag Balloon (Ballute)
Griebel, Hannes
The concept of probing the atmosphere of planet Mars by means of a hypersonic drag balloon, a device known as a “ballute�, is a novel approach to planetary science. In this concept, the probe deploys an inflatable drag body out in space and may then enter the atmosphere either once or several times until it slowly descends towards the ground, taking continuous atmospheric and other readings across a large altitude and ground range. Hannes Griebel discusses the theory behind such a mission along with experience gained during its practical implementation, such as mission design, manufacturing, packing and deployment techniques as well as ground and flight tests. The author also studies other ballute applications, specifically emergency low Earth orbit recovery and delivering payloads to high altitude landing sites on Mars.
Average thermospheric wind patterns over the polar regions, as observed by CHAMP
H. Lühr
Full Text Available Measurements of the CHAMP accelerometer are utilized to investigate the average thermospheric wind distribution in the polar regions at altitudes around 400 km. This study puts special emphasis on the seasonal differences in the wind patterns. For this purpose 131 days centered on the June solstice of 2003 are considered. Within that period CHAMP's orbit is precessing once through all local times. The cross-track wind estimates of all 2030 passes are used to construct mean wind vectors for 918 equal-area cells. These bin averages are presented in corrected geomagnetic coordinates. Both hemispheres are considered simultaneously providing summer and winter responses for the same prevailing geophysical conditions. The period under study is characterized by high magnetic activity (Kp=4− but moderate solar flux level (F10.7=124. Our analysis reveals clear wind features in the summer (Northern Hemisphere. Over the polar cap there is a fast day-to-night flow with mean speeds surpassing 600 m/s in the dawn sector. At auroral latitudes we find strong westward zonal winds on the dawn side. On the dusk side, however, an anti-cyclonic vortex is forming. The dawn/dusk asymmetry is attributed to the combined action of Coriolis and centrifugal forces. Along the auroral oval the sunward streaming plasma causes a stagnation of the day-to-night wind. This effect is particularly clear on the dusk side. On the dawn side it is evident only from midnight to 06:00 MLT. The winter (Southern Hemisphere reveals similar wind features, but they are less well ordered. The mean day-to-night wind over the polar cap is weaker by about 35%. Otherwise, the seasonal differences are mainly confined to the dayside (06:00–18:00 MLT. In addition, the larger offset between geographic and geomagnetic pole in the south also causes hemispheric differences of the thermospheric wind distribution.
The EUMETSAT Polar System - Second Generation (EPS-SG) micro-wave imaging (MWI) mission
Bojkov, B. R.; Accadia, C.; Klaes, D.; Canestri, A.; Cohen, M.
The EUMETSAT Polar System (EPS) will be followed by a second generation system called EPS-SG. This new family of missions will contribute to the Joint Polar System being jointly set up with NOAA in the timeframe 2020-2040. These satellites will fly, like Metop (EPS), in a sun synchronous, low earth orbit at 830 km altitude and 09:30 local time descending node, providing observations over the full globe with revisit times of 12 hours. EPS-SG consists of two different satellites configurations, the EPS-SGa series dedicated to IR and MW sounding, and the EPS-SGb series dedicated to microwave imaging and scatterometry. The EPS-SG family will consist of three successive launches of each satellite-type. The Microwave Imager (MWI) will be hosted on Metop-SGb series of satellites, with the primary objective of supporting Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) at regional and global scales. Other applications will be observation of surface parameters such as sea ice concentration and hydrology applications. The 18 MWI instrument frequencies range from 18.7 GHz to 183 GHz. All MWI channels up to 89 GHz will measure V- and H polarizations. The MWI was also designed to provide continuity of measurements for select heritage microwave imager channels (e.g. SSM/I, AMSR-E). The additional sounding channels such as the 50-55 and 118 GHz bands will provide additional cloud and precipitation information over sea and land. This combination of channels was successfully tested on the NPOESS Aircraft Sounder Testbed - Microwave Sounder (NAST-M) airborne radiometer, and it is the first time that will be implemented in a conical scanning configuration in a single instrument. An overview of the EPS-SG programme and the MWI instrument will be presented.
Full Text Available Measurements of the CHAMP accelerometer are utilized to investigate the average thermospheric wind distribution in the polar regions at altitudes around 400 km. This study puts special emphasis on the seasonal differences in the wind patterns. For this purpose 131 days centered on the June solstice of 2003 are considered. Within that period CHAMP's orbit is precessing once through all local times. The cross-track wind estimates of all 2030 passes are used to construct mean wind vectors for 918 equal-area cells. These bin averages are presented in corrected geomagnetic coordinates. Both hemispheres are considered simultaneously providing summer and winter responses for the same prevailing geophysical conditions. The period under study is characterized by high magnetic activity (Kp=4− but moderate solar flux level (F10.7=124. Our analysis reveals clear wind features in the summer (Northern Hemisphere. Over the polar cap there is a fast day-to-night flow with mean speeds surpassing 600 m/s in the dawn sector. At auroral latitudes we find strong westward zonal winds on the dawn side. On the dusk side, however, an anti-cyclonic vortex is forming. The dawn/dusk asymmetry is attributed to the combined action of Coriolis and centrifugal forces. Along the auroral oval the sunward streaming plasma causes a stagnation of the day-to-night wind. This effect is particularly clear on the dusk side. On the dawn side it is evident only from midnight to 06:00 MLT. The winter (Southern Hemisphere reveals similar wind features, but they are less well ordered. The mean day-to-night wind over the polar cap is weaker by about 35%. Otherwise, the seasonal differences are mainly confined to the dayside (06:00–18:00 MLT. In addition, the larger offset between geographic and geomagnetic pole in the south also causes hemispheric differences of the thermospheric wind distribution.
Orbital glass in HTSC
Kusmartsev, F.V.
The physical reasons why the orbital glass may exist in granular high-temperature superconductors and the existing experimental data appeared recently are discussed. The orbital glass is characterized by the coexistence of the orbital paramagnetic state with the superconducting state and occurs at small magnetic fields H c0 c1 . The transition in orbital glass arises at the critical field H c0 which is inversely proportional to the surface cross-area S of an average grain. In connection with theoretical predictions the possible experiments are proposed. (author). 10 refs
Isospin dependence of the spin-orbit splitting in nuclei
Isakov, V.I.
The analysis has been made of experimental data on level spectra, single-nucleon transfer reactions near closed shells, and data on polarization effects in charge-exchange (p, n) reactions between isoanalogous states of nuclei with even A. It is concluded that there is a significant difference between the spin-orbit splittings of neutrons and protons in identical orbitals. This conclusion is confirmed in the frame work of different theoretical approaches [ru
Globally Polarized Quark-gluon Plasma in Non-central A+ACollisions
Liang, Zuo-tang; Wang, Xin-Nian
Produced partons have large local relative orbital angular momentum along the direction opposite to the reaction plane in the early stage of non-central heavy-ion collisions. Parton scattering is shown to polarize quarks along the same direction due to spin-orbital coupling.Such global quark polarization will lead to many observable consequences,such as left-right asymmetry of hadron spectra, global transverse polarization of thermal photons, dileptons and hadrons. Hadrons from the decay of polarized resonances will have azimuthal asymmetry similar to the elliptic flow. Global hyperon polarization is predicted with indifferent hadronization scenarios and can be easily tested.
Polarization measurement and vertical aperture optimization for obtaining circularly polarized bend-magnet radiation
Kortright, J.B.; Rice, M.; Hussain, Z. [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., CA (United States)] [and others
Growing interest in utilizing circular polarization prompted the design of bend-magnet beamline 9.3.2 at the Advanced Light Source, covering the 30-1500 eV spectral region, to include vertical aperturing capabilities for optimizing the collection of circular polarization above and below the orbit plane. After commissioning and early use of the beamline, a multilayer polarimeter was used to characterize the polarization state of the beam as a function of vertical aperture position. This report partially summarizes the polarimetry measurements and compares results with theoretical calculations intended to simulate experimental conditions.
Tunnelling of orbital angular momentum in parallel optical waveguides
Alexeyev, C N; Fadeyeva, T A; Yavorsky, M A; Boklag, N A
We study the evolution of circularly polarized optical vortices (OVs) in the system of two coupled few-mode optical fibres. We demonstrate that upon propagation OVs tunnel into the adjacent fibre as a complex superposition of OVs that comprise also OVs of opposite polarization and topological charge. The initial OV may tunnel into the other fibre as the same vortex state of lesser energy. The evolution of the orbital angular momentum in coupled fibres is studied
CAMEX-4 ER-2 HIGH ALTITUDE DROPSONDE V1
National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The CAMEX-4 ER-2 High Altitude Dropsonde dataset was collected by the ER-2 High Altitude Dropsonde System (EHAD), which used dropwinsondes fitted with Global...
Altitude Distribution of the Auroral Acceleration Potential Determined from Cluster Satellite Data at Different Heights
Marklund, Goeran T.; Sadeghi, Soheil; Karlsson, Tomas; Lindqvist, Per-Arne; Nilsson, Hans; Forsyth, Colin; Fazakerley, Andrew; Lucek, Elizabeth A.; Pickett, Jolene
Aurora, commonly seen in the polar sky, is a ubiquitous phenomenon occurring on Earth and other solar system planets. The colorful emissions are caused by electron beams hitting the upper atmosphere, after being accelerated by quasistatic electric fields at 1-2 R E altitudes, or by wave electric fields. Although aurora was studied by many past satellite missions, Cluster is the first to explore the auroral acceleration region with multiprobes. Here, Cluster data are used to determine the acceleration potential above the aurora and to address its stability in space and time. The derived potential comprises two upper, broad U-shaped potentials and a narrower S-shaped potential below, and is stable on a 5 min time scale. The scale size of the electric field relative to that of the current is shown to depend strongly on altitude within the acceleration region. To reveal these features was possible only by combining data from the two satellites.
Nuclear polarization and neutrons
Glaettli, H.
Different possibilities for the use of polarized nuclei in thermal neutron scattering on condensed matter are reviewed. Highly polarized nuclei are the starting point for studying dipolar magnetic order. Systematic measurement of spin-dependent scattering lengths is possible on samples with polarized nuclei. Highly polarized hydrogen should help to unravel complicated structures in chemistry and biology. The use of polarized proton targets as an energy-independent neutron polarizer in the thermal and epithermal region should be considered afresh. (author)
Congenital orbital encephalocele, orbital dystopia, and exophthalmos.
Hwang, Kun; Kim, Han Joon
We present here an exceedingly rare variant of a nonmidline basal encephalocele of the spheno-orbital type, and this was accompanied with orbital dystopia in a 56-year-old man. On examination, his left eye was located more inferolaterally than his right eye, and the patient said this had been this way since his birth. The protrusion of his left eye was aggravated when he is tired. His naked visual acuity was 0.7/0.3, and the ocular pressure was 14/12 mm Hg. The exophthalmometry was 10/14 to 16 mm. His eyeball motion was not restricted, yet diplopia was present in all directions. The distance from the midline to the medial canthus was 20/15 mm. The distance from the midline to the midpupillary line was 35/22 mm. The vertical dimension of the palpebral fissure was 12/9 mm. The height difference of the upper eyelid margin was 11 mm, and the height difference of the lower eyelid margin was 8 mm. Facial computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed left sphenoid wing hypoplasia and herniation of the left anterior temporal pole and dura mater into the orbit, and this resulted into left exophthalmos and encephalomalacia in the left anterior temporal pole. To the best of our knowledge, our case is the second case of basal encephalocele and orbital dystopia.
PoPSat: The Polar Precipitation Satellite Mission
Binder, Matthias J.; Agten, Dries; Arago-Higueras, Nadia; Borderies, Mary; Diaz-Schümmer, Carlos; Jamali, Maryam; Jimenez-Lluva, David; Kiefer, Joshua; Larsson, Anna; Lopez-Gilabert, Lola; Mione, Michele; Mould, Toby JD; Pavesi, Sara; Roth, Georg; Tomicic, Maja
The terrestrial water cycle is one of many unique regulatory systems on planet Earth. It is directly responsible for sustaining biological life on land and human populations by ensuring sustained crop yields. However, this delicate balanced system continues to be influenced significantly by a changing climate, which has had drastic impacts particularly on the polar regions. Precipitation is a key process in the weather and climate system, due to its storage, transport and release of latent heat in the atmosphere. It has been extensively investigated in low latitudes, in which detailed models have been established for weather prediction. However, a gap has been left in higher latitudes above 65°, which show the strongest response to climate changes and where increasing precipitations have been foreseen in the future. In order to establish a global perspective of atmospheric processes, space observation of high-latitude areas is crucial to produce globally consistent data. The increasing demand for those data has driven a critical need to devise a mission which fills the gaps in current climate models. The authors propose the Polar Precipitation Satellite (PoPSat), an innovative satellite mission to provide enhanced observation of light and medium precipitation, focusing on snowfall and light rain in high latitudes. PoPSat is the first mission aimed to provide high resolution 3D structural information about snow and light precipitation systems and cloud structure in the covered areas. The satellite is equipped with a dual band (Ka and W band) phased-array radar. These antennas provide a horizontal resolution of 2 km and 4 km respectively which will exceed all other observations made to date at high-latitudes, while providing the additional capability to monitor snowfall. The data gathered will be compatible and complementary with measurements made during previous missions. PoPSat has been designed to fly on a sun-synchronous, dawn-dusk orbit at 460 km. This orbit
Characterizing Longitude-Dependent Orbital Debris Congestion in the Geosynchronous Orbit Regime
Anderson, Paul V.
The geosynchronous orbit (GEO) is a unique commodity of the satellite industry that is becoming increasingly contaminated with orbital debris, but is heavily populated with high-value assets from the civil, commercial, and defense sectors. The GEO arena is home to hundreds of communications, data transmission, and intelligence satellites collectively insured for an estimated 18.3 billion USD. As the lack of natural cleansing mechanisms at the GEO altitude renders the lifetimes of GEO debris essentially infinite, conjunction and risk assessment must be performed to safeguard operational assets from debris collisions. In this thesis, longitude-dependent debris congestion is characterized by predicting the number of near-miss events per day for every longitude slot at GEO, using custom debris propagation tools and a torus intersection metric. Near-miss events with the present-day debris population are assigned risk levels based on GEO-relative position and speed, and this risk information is used to prioritize the population for debris removal target selection. Long-term projections of debris growth under nominal launch traffic, mitigation practices, and fragmentation events are also discussed, and latitudinal synchronization of the GEO debris population is explained via node variations arising from luni-solar gravity. In addition to characterizing localized debris congestion in the GEO ring, this thesis further investigates the conjunction risk to operational satellites or debris removal systems applying low-thrust propulsion to raise orbit altitude at end-of-life to a super-synchronous disposal orbit. Conjunction risks as a function of thrust level, miss distance, longitude, and semi-major axis are evaluated, and a guidance method for evading conjuncting debris with continuous thrust by means of a thrust heading change via single-shooting is developed.
Mapping Vesta Mid-Latitude Quadrangle V-12EW: Mapping the Edge of the South Polar Structure
Hoogenboom, T.; Schenk, P.; Williams, D. A.; Hiesinger, H.; Garry, W. B.; Yingst, R.; Buczkowski, D.; McCord, T. B.; Jaumann, R.; Pieters, C. M.; Gaskell, R. W.; Neukum, G.; Schmedemann, N.; Marchi, S.; Nathues, A.; Le Corre, L.; Roatsch, T.; Preusker, F.; White, O. L.; DeSanctis, C.; Filacchione, G.; Raymond, C. A.; Russell, C. T.
NASA's Dawn spacecraft arrived at the asteroid 4Vesta on July 15, 2011, and is now collecting imaging, spectroscopic, and elemental abundance data during its one-year orbital mission. As part of the geological analysis of the surface, a series of 15 quadrangle maps are being produced based on Framing Camera images (FC: spatial resolution: ~65 m/pixel) along with Visible & Infrared Spectrometer data (VIR: spatial resolution: ~180 m/pixel) obtained during the High-Altitude Mapping Orbit (HAMO). This poster presentation concentrates on our geologic analysis and mapping of quadrangle V-12EW. This quadrangle is dominated by the arcuate edge of the large 460+ km diameter south polar topographic feature first observed by HST (Thomas et al., 1997). Sparsely cratered, the portion of this feature covered in V-12EW is characterized by arcuate ridges and troughs forming a generalized arcuate pattern. Mapping of this terrain and the transition to areas to the north will be used to test whether this feature has an impact or other (e.g., internal) origin. We are also using FC stereo and VIR images to assess whether their are any compositional differences between this terrain and areas further to the north, and image data to evaluate the distribution and age of young impact craters within the map area. The authors acknowledge the support of the Dawn Science, Instrument and Operations Teams.
Spatial and temporal distribution of ionospheric currents-4: altitude ...
(a) The continuous distribution of current density model reproduces the altitude distribution parameters of EEJ current density very well, (b) the altitude distribution parameters of EEJ current density in India and Peru are not significantly different and (c) The altitude distribution parameters of EEJ current density from rockets ...
Neutral barium cloud evolution at different altitudes
Li Lei; Xu Ronglan
Considering the joint effects of diffusion, collision, oxidation and photoionization, the authors study the evolution of the barium cloud at different altitudes in the space plasma active experiment. The results present the variation of the loss rate, number density distribution and brightness of the barium cloud over the range from 120 to 260 km. This can be divided into oxidation, oxidation plus photoionization and photoionization regions
Guide to Altitude Decompression Sickness Research
fitness flight gender growth helium hormone human hyperbaric hypobaric hypoxia incidence injury interface interruption intra in-vitro isobaric male...exposure in hypobaric chambers and, due to its omission of other training, was not adequate for any other use. The two items required prior to...were kept in the contractor lab. 3. Hypobaric exposure records (Research Chamber Flight Records, including AF Forms 361) were kept by Altitude and
Titan Orbiter Aerorover Mission
Sittler Jr., E. C.; Acuna, M.; Burchell, M. J.; Coates, A.; Farrell, W.; Flasar, M.; Goldstein, B. E.; Gorevan, S.; Hartle, R. E.; Johnson, W. T. K.
We propose a combined Titan orbiter and Titan Aerorover mission with an emphasis on both in situ and remote sensing measurements of Titan's surface, atmosphere, ionosphere, and magnetospheric interaction. The biological aspect of the Titan environment will be emphasized by the mission (i.e., search for organic materials which may include simple organics to 'amono' analogues of amino acids and possibly more complex, lightening detection and infrared, ultraviolet, and charged particle interactions with Titan's surface and atmosphere). An international mission is assumed to control costs. NASA will provide the orbiter, launch vehicle, DSN coverage and operations, while international partners will provide the Aerorover and up to 30% of the cost for the scientific instruments through collaborative efforts. To further reduce costs we propose a single PI for orbiter science instruments and a single PI for Aerorover science instruments. This approach will provide single command/data and power interface between spacecraft and orbiter instruments that will have redundant central DPU and power converter for their instruments. A similar approach could be used for the Aerorover. The mission profile will be constructed to minimize conflicts between Aerorover science, orbiter radar science, orbiter radio science, orbiter imaging science, and orbiter fields and particles (FP) science. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
Orbital and adnexal sarcoidosis
Prabhakaran, Venkatesh C.; Saeed, Perooz; Esmaeli, Bita; Sullivan, Timothy J.; Mcnab, Alan; Davis, Garry; Valenzuela, Alejandra; Leibovitch, Igal; Kesler, Anat; Sivak-Callcott, Jennifer; Hoyama, Erika; Selva, Dinesh
To present the clinical features and management in a series of patients with orbital and adnexal sarcoidosis. This multicenter retrospective study included patients with biopsy-proven noncaseating granuloma involving the orbit or adnexa and evidence of systemic sarcoidosis. Clinical records were
Update on orbital reconstruction.
Chen, Chien-Tzung; Chen, Yu-Ray
Orbital trauma is common and frequently complicated by ocular injuries. The recent literature on orbital fracture is analyzed with emphasis on epidemiological data assessment, surgical timing, method of approach and reconstruction materials. Computed tomographic (CT) scan has become a routine evaluation tool for orbital trauma, and mobile CT can be applied intraoperatively if necessary. Concomitant serious ocular injury should be carefully evaluated preoperatively. Patients presenting with nonresolving oculocardiac reflex, 'white-eyed' blowout fracture, or diplopia with a positive forced duction test and CT evidence of orbital tissue entrapment require early surgical repair. Otherwise, enophthalmos can be corrected by late surgery with a similar outcome to early surgery. The use of an endoscope-assisted approach for orbital reconstruction continues to grow, offering an alternative method. Advances in alloplastic materials have improved surgical outcome and shortened operating time. In this review of modern orbital reconstruction, several controversial issues such as surgical indication, surgical timing, method of approach and choice of reconstruction material are discussed. Preoperative fine-cut CT image and thorough ophthalmologic examination are key elements to determine surgical indications. The choice of surgical approach and reconstruction materials much depends on the surgeon's experience and the reconstruction area. Prefabricated alloplastic implants together with image software and stereolithographic models are significant advances that help to more accurately reconstruct the traumatized orbit. The recent evolution of orbit reconstruction improves functional and aesthetic results and minimizes surgical complications.
Orbital wall fractures
Iinuma, Toshitaka; Ishio, Ken-ichirou; Yoshinami, Hiroyoshi; Kuriyama, Jun-ichi; Hirota, Yoshiharu.
A total of 59 cases of mild facial fractures (simple orbital wall fractures, 34 cases, other facial fractures, 25 cases) with the clinical suspects of orbital wall fractures were evaluated both by conventional views (Waters' and Caldwell views) and coronal CT scans. Conventional views were obtained, as an average, after 4 days and CT after 7 days of injuries. Both the medial wall and the floor were evaluated at two sites, i.e., anterior and posterior. The ethmoid-maxillary plate was also included in the study. The degree of fractures was classified as, no fractures, fractures of discontinuity, dislocation and fragmentation. The coronal CT images in bone window condition was used as reference and the findings were compared between conventional views and CT. The correct diagnosis was obtained as follows: orbital floor (anterior, 78%, posterior, 73%), medial orbital wall (anterior, 72%, posterior, 72%) and ethmoid-maxillary plate (64%). The false positive diagnosis was as follows: orbital floor (anterior only, 13%), medial orbital wall (anterior only, 7%) and ethmoid-maxillary plate (11%). The false negative diagnosis was as follows: orbital floor (anterior, 9%, posterior, 10%), medial orbital wall (anterior, 21%, posterior, 28%) and ethmoid-maxillary plate (21%). The results were compared with those of others in the past. (author)
HIGH ALTITUDES EFFECTS ON HEMATOLOGIC BLOOD PARAMETERS
Hasim Rushiti
Full Text Available The approach and the objective of this experiment are consistent with the determination of changes of blood parameters after the stay of the students at an altitude of 1800-2300 meters, for a ten-day long ski course. In this paper are included a total of 64 students of the Faculty of Sport Sciences in Prishtina, of the age group of 19-25 (the average age is 21. All students previously have undergone a medical check for TA, arterial pulse and respiratory rate. In particular, the health situation is of subjects was examined, then, all students, at the same time, gave blood for analysis. In this experiment, three main hematologic parameters were taken in consideration: such as hemoglobin, hematocrit and red blood cells. The same analyses were carried out after the 10-day stay at a high altitude. The results of the experiment have shown significant changes after the ten-day stay at high altitude, despite the previous results that show changes only after the twenty-day stay in such elevations.
Altitude variation of cosmic-ray neutrons
Nakamura, T.; Uwamino, Y.; Ohkubo, T.; Hara, A.
The altitude variation of the cosmic-ray neutron energy spectrum and the dose equivalent rate was measured at an average geomagnetic latitude of 24 degrees N by using the high-efficiency multi-sphere neutron spectrometer and neutron dose-equivalent counter developed by the authors. The data were obtained from a 2-h flight over Japan on 27 February 1985. The neutron energy spectra measured at sea level and at altitudes of 4880 m and at 11,280 m were compared with the calculated spectra of O'Brien and with other experimental spectra, and they are in moderately good agreement with them. The dose equivalent rate increases according to a quadratic curve up to about 6000 m and then increases linearly between 6000 m and 11,280 m. The dependence of dose equivalent rates at sea level and at an altitude of 12,500 m on geomagnetic latitude also is given by referring to other experimental results
Neutron polarization in polarized 3He targets
Friar, J.L.; Gibson, B.F.; Payne, G.L.; Bernstein, A.M.; Chupp, T.E.
Simple formulas for the neutron and proton polarizations in polarized 3 He targets are derived assuming (1) quasielastic final states; (2) no final-state interactions; (3) no meson-exchange currents; (4) large momentum transfers; (5) factorizability of 3 He SU(4) response-function components. Numerical results from a wide variety of bound-state solutions of the Faddeev equations are presented. It is found that this simple model predicts the polarization of neutrons in a fully polarized 3 He target to be 87%, while protons should have a slight residual polarization of -2.7%. Numerical studies show that this model works very well for quasielastic electron scattering
Weights assessment for orbit-on-demand vehicles
Macconochie, I. O.; Martin, J. A.; Breiner, C. A.; Cerro, J. A.
Future manned, reusable earth-to-orbit vehicles may be required to reach orbit within hours or even minutes of a mission decision. A study has been conducted to consider vehicles with such a capability. In the initial phase of the study, 11 vehicles were sized for deployment of 5000 lbs to a polar orbit. From this matrix, two of the most promising concepts were resized for a modified mission and payload. A key feature of the study was the use of consistent mass estimating techniques for a broad range of concepts, allowing direct comparisons of sizes and weights.
Strong electron correlation in photoionization of spin-orbit doublets
Amusia, M.Ya.; Chernysheva, L.V.; Manson, S.T.; Msezane, A.M.; Radojevic, V.
A new and explicitly many-body aspect of the 'leveraging' of the spin-orbit interaction is demonstrated, spin-orbit activated interchannel coupling, which can significantly alter the photoionization cross section of a spin-orbit doublet. As an example, it is demonstrated via a modified version of the spin-polarized random phase approximation with exchange, that a recently observed unexplained structure in the Xe 3d 5/2 photoionization cross section [A. Kivimaeki et al., Phys. Rev. A 63, 012716 (2000)] is entirely due to this effect. Similar features are predicted for Cs 3d 5/2 and Ba 3d 5/2
Application of Semi-analytical Satellite Theory orbit propagator to orbit determination for space object catalog maintenance
Setty, Srinivas J.; Cefola, Paul J.; Montenbruck, Oliver; Fiedler, Hauke
Catalog maintenance for Space Situational Awareness (SSA) demands an accurate and computationally lean orbit propagation and orbit determination technique to cope with the ever increasing number of observed space objects. As an alternative to established numerical and analytical methods, we investigate the accuracy and computational load of the Draper Semi-analytical Satellite Theory (DSST). The standalone version of the DSST was enhanced with additional perturbation models to improve its recovery of short periodic motion. The accuracy of DSST is, for the first time, compared to a numerical propagator with fidelity force models for a comprehensive grid of low, medium, and high altitude orbits with varying eccentricity and different inclinations. Furthermore, the run-time of both propagators is compared as a function of propagation arc, output step size and gravity field order to assess its performance for a full range of relevant use cases. For use in orbit determination, a robust performance of DSST is demonstrated even in the case of sparse observations, which is most sensitive to mismodeled short periodic perturbations. Overall, DSST is shown to exhibit adequate accuracy at favorable computational speed for the full set of orbits that need to be considered in space surveillance. Along with the inherent benefits of a semi-analytical orbit representation, DSST provides an attractive alternative to the more common numerical orbit propagation techniques.
Preacclimatization in hypoxic chambers for high altitude sojourns.
Küpper, Thomas E A H; Schöffl, Volker
Since hypoxic chambers are more and more available, they are used for preacclimatization to prepare for sojourns at high altitude. Since there are different protocols and the data differ, there is no general consensus about the standard how to perform preacclimatization by simulated altitude. The paper reviews the different types of exposure and focuses on the target groups which may benefit from preacclimatization. Since data about intermittent hypoxia for some hours per day to reduce the incidence of acute mountain sickness differ, it is suggested to perform preacclimatization by sleeping some nights at a simulated altitude which follows the altitude profile of the "gold standard" for high altitude acclimatization.
Polarization of photoelectrons produced from atoms by synchrotron radiation
Hughes, V.W.; Lu, D.C.; Huang, K.N.
The polarization of photoelectrons from stoms has proved to be an important tool for studying correlation effects in atoms, as well as relativistic effects such as the spin-orbit interaction. Extensive experimental and theoretical studies have been made of the Fano effect, which is the production of polarized electrons by photoionization of unpolarized atoms by circularly polarized light. The experiments have dealt mostly with alkali atoms and with photon energies slightly above the ionization thresholds. Measurements that could be made to utilize polarized radiation are discussed
Polarized proton beam for eRHIC
Huang, H. [Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Meot, F. [Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Ptitsyn, V. [Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Roser, T. [Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
RHIC has provided polarized proton collisions from 31 GeV to 255 GeV in the past decade. To preserve polarization through numerous depolarizing resonances through the whole accelerator chain, harmonic orbit correction, partial snakes, horizontal tune jump system and full snakes have been used. In addition, close attentions have been paid to betatron tune control, orbit control and beam line alignment. The polarization of 60% at 255 GeV has been delivered to experiments with 1.8×1011 bunch intensity. For the eRHIC era, the beam brightness has to be maintained to reach the desired luminosity. Since we only have one hadron ring in the eRHIC era, existing spin rotator and snakes can be converted to six snake configuration for one hadron ring. With properly arranged six snakes, the polarization can be maintained at 70% at 250 GeV. This paper summarizes the effort and plan to reach high polarization with small emittance for eRHIC.
Topology of tokamak orbits
Rome, J.A.; Peng, Y.K.M.
Guiding center orbits in noncircular axisymmetric tokamak plasmas are studied in the constants of motion (COM) space of (v, zeta, psi/sub m/). Here, v is the particle speed, zeta is the pitch angle with respect to the parallel equilibrium current, J/sub parallels/, and psi/sub m/ is the maximum value of the poloidal flux function (increasing from the magnetic axis) along the guiding center orbit. Two D-shaped equilibria in a flux-conserving tokamak having β's of 1.3% and 7.7% are used as examples. In this space, each confined orbit corresponds to one and only one point and different types of orbits (e.g., circulating, trapped, stagnation and pinch orbits) are represented by separate regions or surfaces in the space. It is also shown that the existence of an absolute minimum B in the higher β (7.7%) equilibrium results in a dramatically different orbit topology from that of the lower β case. The differences indicate the confinement of additional high energy (v → c, within the guiding center approximation) trapped, co- and countercirculating particles whose orbit psi/sub m/ falls within the absolute B well
Harmonically excited orbital variations
Morgan, T.
Rephrasing the equations of motion for orbital maneuvers in terms of Lagrangian generalized coordinates instead of Newtonian rectangular cartesian coordinates can make certain harmonic terms in the orbital angular momentum vector more readily apparent. In this formulation the equations of motion adopt the form of a damped harmonic oscillator when torques are applied to the orbit in a variationally prescribed manner. The frequencies of the oscillator equation are in some ways unexpected but can nonetheless be exploited through resonant forcing functions to achieve large secular variations in the orbital elements. Two cases are discussed using a circular orbit as the control case: (1) large changes in orbital inclination achieved by harmonic excitation rather than one impulsive velocity change, and (2) periodic and secular changes to the longitude of the ascending node using both stable and unstable excitation strategies. The implications of these equations are also discussed for both artificial satellites and natural satellites. For the former, two utilitarian orbits are suggested, each exploiting a form of harmonic excitation. 5 refs
High-Altitude Illnesses: Physiology, Risk Factors, Prevention, and Treatment
Andrew T. Taylor
Full Text Available High-altitude illnesses encompass the pulmonary and cerebral syndromes that occur in non-acclimatized individuals after rapid ascent to high altitude. The most common syndrome is acute mountain sickness (AMS which usually begins within a few hours of ascent and typically consists of headache variably accompanied by loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, disturbed sleep, fatigue, and dizziness. With millions of travelers journeying to high altitudes every year and sleeping above 2,500 m, acute mountain sickness is a wide-spread clinical condition. Risk factors include home elevation, maximum altitude, sleeping altitude, rate of ascent, latitude, age, gender, physical condition, intensity of exercise, pre-acclimatization, genetic make-up, and pre-existing diseases. At higher altitudes, sleep disturbances may become more profound, mental performance is impaired, and weight loss may occur. If ascent is rapid, acetazolamide can reduce the risk of developing AMS, although a number of high-altitude travelers taking acetazolamide will still develop symptoms. Ibuprofen can be effective for headache. Symptoms can be rapidly relieved by descent, and descent is mandatory, if at all possible, for the management of the potentially fatal syndromes of high-altitude pulmonary and cerebral edema. The purpose of this review is to combine a discussion of specific risk factors, prevention, and treatment options with a summary of the basic physiologic responses to the hypoxia of altitude to provide a context for managing high-altitude illnesses and advising the non-acclimatized high-altitude traveler.
Spin Orbit Torque in Ferromagnetic Semiconductors
Li, Hang
Electrons not only have charges but also have spin. By utilizing the electron spin, the energy consumption of electronic devices can be reduced, their size can be scaled down and the efficiency of `read\\' and `write\\' in memory devices can be significantly improved. Hence, the manipulation of electron spin in electronic devices becomes more and more appealing for the advancement of microelectronics. In spin-based devices, the manipulation of ferromagnetic order parameter using electrical currents is a very useful means for current-driven operation. Nowadays, most of magnetic memory devices are based on the so-called spin transfer torque, which stems from the spin angular momentum transfer between a spin-polarized current and the magnetic order parameter. Recently, a novel spin torque effect, exploiting spin-orbit coupling in non-centrosymmetric magnets, has attracted a massive amount of attention. This thesis addresses the nature of spin-orbit coupled transport and torques in non-centrosymmetric magnetic semiconductors. We start with the theoretical study of spin orbit torque in three dimensional ferromagnetic GaMnAs. Using the Kubo formula, we calculate both the current-driven field-like torque and anti-damping-like torque. We compare the numerical results with the analytical expressions in the model case of a magnetic Rashba two-dimensional electron gas. Parametric dependencies of the different torque components and similarities to the analytical results of the Rashba two-dimensional electron gas in the weak disorder limit are described. Subsequently we study spin-orbit torques in two dimensional hexagonal crystals such as graphene, silicene, germanene and stanene. In the presence of staggered potential and exchange field, the valley degeneracy can be lifted and we obtain a valley-dependent Berry curvature, leading to a tunable antidamping torque by controlling the valley degree of freedom. This thesis then addresses the influence of the quantum spin Hall
Orbital angular momentum of general astigmatic modes
Visser, Jorrit; Nienhuis, Gerard
We present an operator method to obtain complete sets of astigmatic Gaussian solutions of the paraxial wave equation. In case of general astigmatism, the astigmatic intensity and phase distribution of the fundamental mode differ in orientation. As a consequence, the fundamental mode has a nonzero orbital angular momentum, which is not due to phase singularities. Analogous to the operator method for the quantum harmonic oscillator, the corresponding astigmatic higher-order modes are obtained by repeated application of raising operators on the fundamental mode. The nature of the higher-order modes is characterized by a point on a sphere, in analogy with the representation of polarization on the Poincare sphere. The north and south poles represent astigmatic Laguerre-Gaussian modes, similar to circular polarization on the Poincare sphere, while astigmatic Hermite-Gaussian modes are associated with points on the equator, analogous to linear polarization. We discuss the propagation properties of the modes and their orbital angular momentum, which depends on the degree of astigmatism and on the location of the point on the sphere
Bell’s measure and implementing quantum Fourier transform with orbital angular momentum of classical light
Song, Xinbing; Sun, Yifan; Li, Pengyun; Qin, Hongwei; Zhang, Xiangdong
We perform Bell’s measurement for the non-separable correlation between polarization and orbital angular momentum from the same classical vortex beam. The violation of Bell’s inequality for such a non-separable classical correlation has been demonstrated experimentally. Based on the classical vortex beam and non-quantum entanglement between the polarization and the orbital angular momentum, the Hadamard gates and conditional phase gates have been designed. Furthermore, a quantum Fourier transform has been implemented experimentally. PMID:26369424
ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter provides atmospheric data during Aerobraking into its final orbit
Svedhem, Hakan; Vago, Jorge L.; Bruinsma, Sean; Müller-Wodarg, Ingo; ExoMars 2016 Team
After the arrival of the Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) at Mars on 19 October 2016 a number of initial orbit change manoeuvres were executed and the spacecraft was put in an orbit with a 24 hour period and 74 degrees inclination. The spacecraft and its four instruments were thoroughly checked out after arrival and a few measurements and images were taken in November 2016 and in Feb-March 2017. The solar occultation observations have however not yet been possible due to lack of the proper geometry.On 15 March a long period of aerobraking to reach the final 400km semi-circular frozen orbit (370x430km, with a fixed pericentre latitude). This orbit is optimised for the payload observations and for the communication relay with the ExoMars Rover, due to arrive in 2021.The aerobraking is proceeding well and the final orbit is expected to be reached in April 2018. A large data set is being acquired for the upper atmosphere of Mars, from the limit of the sensitivity of the accelerometer, down to lowest altitude of the aerobraking at about 105km. Initial analysis has shown a highly variable atmosphere with a slightly lower density then predicted by existing models. Until the time of the abstract writing no dust storms have been observed.The ExoMars programme is a joint activity by the European Space Agency(ESA) and ROSCOSMOS, Russia. ESA is providing the TGO spacecraft and Schiaparelli (EDM) and two of the TGO instruments and ROSCOSMOS is providing the Proton launcher and the other two TGO instruments. After the arrival of the ExoMars 2020 mission, consisting of a Rover and a Surface platform also launched by a Proton rocket, the TGO will handle the communication between the Earth and the Rover and Surface Platform through its (NASA provided) UHF communication system.
Exploration for fossil and nuclear fuels from orbital altitudes. [results of ERTS program for oil exploration
Results from the ERTS program pertinent to exploration for oil, gas, and uranium are discussed. A review of achievements in relevant geological studies from ERTS, and a survey of accomplishments oriented towards exploration for energy sources are presented along with an evaluation of the prospects and limitations of the space platform approach to fuel exploration, and an examination of continuing programs designed to prove out the use of ERTS and other space system in exploring for fuel resources.
Quark Orbital Angular Momentum
Burkardt Matthias
Full Text Available Definitions of orbital angular momentum based on Wigner distributions are used as a framework to discuss the connection between the Ji definition of the quark orbital angular momentum and that of Jaffe and Manohar. We find that the difference between these two definitions can be interpreted as the change in the quark orbital angular momentum as it leaves the target in a DIS experiment. The mechanism responsible for that change is similar to the mechanism that causes transverse single-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering.
Thrombosis of orbital varices
Boschi Oyhenart, J.; Tenyi, A.; Boschi Pau, J.
Orbital varices are venous malformations produced by an abnormal dilatation of one or more orbital veins, probably associated with congenital weakness of the vascular wall. They are rare lesions, usually occurring in young patients, that produce intermittent proptosis related to the increase in the systemic venous pressure. The presence of hemorrhage or thrombosis is associated with rapid development of proptosis, pain and decreased ocular motility. We report the cases of two adult patients with orbital varices complicated by thrombosis in whom the diagnosis was based on computed tomography. The ultrasound and magnetic resonance findings are also discussed. (Author) 16 refs
Design and construction of the POLAR detector
Produit, N.; Bao, T. W.; Batsch, T.; Bernasconi, T.; Britvich, I.; Cadoux, F.; Cernuda, I.; Chai, J. Y.; Dong, Y. W.; Gauvin, N.; Hajdas, W.; Kole, M.; Kong, M. N.; Kramert, R.; Li, L.; Liu, J. T.; Liu, X.; Marcinkowski, R.; Orsi, S.; Pohl, M.; Rapin, D.; Rybka, D.; Rutczynska, A.; Shi, H. L.; Socha, P.; Sun, J. C.; Song, L. M.; Szabelski, J.; Traseira, I.; Xiao, H. L.; Wang, R. J.; Wen, X.; Wu, B. B.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, L. Y.; Zhang, S. N.; Zhang, Y. J.; Zwolinska, A.
The POLAR detector is a space based Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) polarimeter with a wide field of view, which covers almost half the sky. The instrument uses Compton scattering of gamma rays on a plastic scintillator hodoscope to measure the polarization of the incoming photons. The instrument has been successfully launched on board of the Chinese space laboratory Tiangong 2 on September 15, 2016. The construction of the instrument components is described in this article. Details are provided on problems encountered during the construction phase and their solutions. Initial performance of the instrument in orbit is as expected from ground tests and Monte Carlo simulation.
Classifying spaces of degenerating polarized Hodge structures
Kato, Kazuya
In 1970, Phillip Griffiths envisioned that points at infinity could be added to the classifying space D of polarized Hodge structures. In this book, Kazuya Kato and Sampei Usui realize this dream by creating a logarithmic Hodge theory. They use the logarithmic structures begun by Fontaine-Illusie to revive nilpotent orbits as a logarithmic Hodge structure. The book focuses on two principal topics. First, Kato and Usui construct the fine moduli space of polarized logarithmic Hodge structures with additional structures. Even for a Hermitian symmetric domain D, the present theory is a refinem
Polarized electron sources
Prepost, R.
The fundamentals of polarized electron sources are described with particular application to the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. The SLAC polarized electron source is based on the principle of polarized photoemission from Gallium Arsenide. Recent developments using epitaxially grown, strained Gallium Arsenide cathodes have made it possible to obtain electron polarization significantly in excess of the conventional 50% polarization limit. The basic principles for Gallium and Arsenide polarized photoemitters are reviewed, and the extension of the basic technique to strained cathode structures is described. Results from laboratory measurements of strained photocathodes as well as operational results from the SLAC polarized source are presented
Prepost, R. [Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
The fundamentals of polarized electron sources are described with particular application to the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. The SLAC polarized electron source is based on the principle of polarized photoemission from Gallium Arsenide. Recent developments using epitaxially grown, strained Gallium Arsenide cathodes have made it possible to obtain electron polarization significantly in excess of the conventional 50% polarization limit. The basic principles for Gallium and Arsenide polarized photoemitters are reviewed, and the extension of the basic technique to strained cathode structures is described. Results from laboratory measurements of strained photocathodes as well as operational results from the SLAC polarized source are presented.
The Carter constant for inclined orbits about a massive Kerr black hole: I. Circular orbits
Komorowski, P G; Valluri, S R; Houde, M, E-mail: pkomorow@uwo.c, E-mail: valluri@uwo.c, E-mail: mhoude2@uwo.c [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario (Canada)
In an extreme binary black hole system, an orbit will increase its angle of inclination ({iota}) as it evolves in Kerr spacetime. We focus our attention on the behaviour of the Carter constant (Q) for near-polar orbits, and develop an analysis that is independent of and complements radiation-reaction models. For a Schwarzschild black hole, the polar orbits represent the abutment between the prograde and retrograde orbits at which Q is at its maximum value for given values of the latus rectum ({tilde l}) and the eccentricity (e). The introduction of spin ({tilde S}={vert_bar}J{vert_bar}/M{sup 2}) to the massive black hole causes this boundary, or abutment, to be moved towards greater orbital inclination; thus, it no longer cleanly separates prograde and retrograde orbits. To characterize the abutment of a Kerr black hole (KBH), we first investigated the last stable orbit (LSO) of a test-particle about a KBH, and then extended this work to general orbits. To develop a better understanding of the evolution of Q we developed analytical formulae for Q in terms of {tilde l}, e and {tilde S} to describe elliptical orbits at the abutment, polar orbits and LSOs. By knowing the analytical form of {partial_derivative}Q/{partial_derivative}{tilde l} at the abutment, we were able to test a 2PN flux equation for Q. We also used these formulae to numerically calculate the {partial_derivative}{iota}/{partial_derivative}{tilde l} of hypothetical circular orbits that evolve along the abutment. From these values we have determined that {partial_derivative}{iota}/{partial_derivative}{tilde l} = -(122.7{tilde S} - 36{tilde S}{sup 3}){tilde l}{sup -11/2} - (63/2 {tilde S} + 35/4 {tilde S}{sup 3}){tilde l}{sup -9/2} - 15/2 {tilde S}{tilde l}{sup -7/2} - 9/2 {tilde S}{tilde l}{sup -5/2}. By taking the limit of this equation for {tilde l} {yields} {infinity}, and comparing it with the published result for the weak-field radiation reaction, we found the upper limit on
Mapping magnetized geologic structures from space: The effect of orbital and body parameters
Schnetzler, C. C.; Taylor, P. T.; Langel, R. A.
When comparing previous satellite magnetometer missions (such as MAGSAT) with proposed new programs (for example, Geopotential Research Mission, GRM) it is important to quantify the difference in scientific information obtained. The ability to resolve separate magnetic blocks (simulating geological units) is used as a parameter for evaluating the expected geologic information from each mission. The effect of satellite orbital altitude on the ability to resolve two magnetic blocks with varying separations is evaluated and quantified. A systematic, nonlinear, relationship exists between resolution and distance between magnetic blocks as a function of orbital altitude. The proposed GRM would provide an order-of-magnitude greater anomaly resolution than the earlier MAGSAT mission for widely separated bodies. The resolution achieved at any particular altitude varies depending on the location of the bodies and orientation.
Modeling the Exo-Brake and the Development of Strategies for De-Orbit Drag Modulation
Murbach, M. S.; Papadopoulos, P.; Glass, C.; Dwyer-Cianciolo, A.; Powell, R. W.; Dutta, S.; Guarneros-Luna, A.; Tanner, F. A.; Dono, A.
The Exo-Brake is a simple, non-propulsive means of de-orbiting small payloads from orbital platforms such as the International Space Station (ISS). Two de-orbiting experiments with fixed surface area Exo-Brakes have been successfully conducted in the last two years on the TechEdSat-3 and -4 nano-satellite missions. The development of the free molecular flow aerodynamic data-base is presented in terms of angle of attack, projected front surface area variation, and altitude. Altitudes are considered ranging from the 400km ISS jettison altitude to 90km. Trajectory tools are then used to predict de-orbit/entry corridors with the inclusion of the key atmospheric and geomagnetic uncertainties. Control system strategies are discussed which will be applied to the next two planned TechEdSat-5 and -6 nano-satellite missions - thus increasing the targeting accuracy at the Von Karman altitude through the proposed drag modulation technique.
A Dynamical Systems Approach to the Design of the Science Orbit Around Europa
Gomez, Gerard; Lara, Martin; Russell, Ryan P.
The science orbit for a future mission to Europa requires low eccentricity, low altitude, and high inclination. However, high inclination orbits around planetary satellites are unstable due to third-body perturbations. Without control, the orbiter impacts Europa after few weeks. To minimize control, a tour over the stable-unstable, averaged manifolds of unstable frozen orbits has been suggested. We proceed with the unaveraged equations and study the manifolds of unstable orbits that are periodic in a rotating frame attached to Europa. Massive numerical computation helps in understanding the unstable dynamics close to Europa, and, thus, in selecting long lifetime high inclination orbits. A final test of a selected set of initial conditions on a high fidelity, ephemeris model, validate the results.
Dose-response of altitude training: how much altitude is enough?
Levine, Benjamin D; Stray-Gundersen, James
Altitude training continues to be a key adjunctive aid for the training of competitive athletes throughout the world. Over the past decade, evidence has accumulated from many groups of investigators that the "living high--training low" approach to altitude training provides the most robust and reliable performance enhancements. The success of this strategy depends on two key features: 1) living high enough, for enough hours per day, for a long enough period of time, to initiate and sustain an erythropoietic effect of high altitude; and 2) training low enough to allow maximal quality of high intensity workouts, requiring high rates of sustained oxidative flux. Because of the relatively limited access to environments where such a strategy can be practically applied, numerous devices have been developed to "bring the mountain to the athlete," which has raised the key issue of the appropriate "dose" of altitude required to stimulate an acclimatization response and performance enhancement. These include devices using molecular sieve technology to provide a normobaric hypoxic living or sleeping environment, approaches using very high altitudes (5,500m) for shorter periods of time during the day, and "intermittent hypoxic training" involving breathing very hypoxic gas mixtures for alternating 5 minutes periods over the course of 60-90 minutes. Unfortunately, objective testing of the strategies employing short term (less than 4 hours) normobaric or hypobaric hypoxia has failed to demonstrate an advantage of these techniques. Moreover individual variability of the response to even the best of living high--training low strategies has been great, and the mechanisms behind this variability remain obscure. Future research efforts will need to focus on defining the optimal dosing strategy for these devices, and determining the underlying mechanisms of the individual variability so as to enable the individualized "prescription" of altitude exposure to optimize the performance of
Circular Orbit Target Capture Using Space Tether-Net System
Guang Zhai
Full Text Available The space tether-net system for on-orbit capture is proposed in this paper. In order to research the dynamic behaviors during system deployment, both free and nonfree deployment dynamics in circular orbit are developed; the system motion with respect to Local Vertical and Local Horizontal frame is also researched with analysis and simulation. The results show that in the case of free deployment, the capture net follows curve trajectories due to the relative orbit dynamic perturbation, and the initial deployment velocities are planned by state transformation equations for static and floating target captures; in the case of non-free deployment, the system undergoes an altitude libration along the Local Vertical, and the analytical solutions that describe the attitude libration are obtained by using variable separation and integration. Finally, the dynamics of postdeployment system is also proved marginally stable if the critical initial conditions are satisfied.
Polarized neutron spectrometer
Abov, Yu.G.; Novitskij, V.V.; Alfimenkov, V.P.; Galinskij, E.M.; Mareev, Yu.D.; Pikel'ner, L.B.; Chernikov, A.N.; Lason', L.; Tsulaya, V.M.; Tsulaya, M.I.
The polarized neutron spectrometer, intended for studying the interaction of polarized neutrons with nuclei and condensed media in the area of energies from thermal up to several electron-volt, is developed at the IBR-2 reactor (JINR, Dubna). Diffraction on the Co(92%)-Fe(8%) magnetized monocrystals is used for the neutron polarization and polarization analysis. The neutron polarization within the whole energy range equals ∼ 95% [ru
Congenital orbital teratoma.
Aiyub, Shereen; Chan, Wengonn; Szetu, John; Sullivan, Laurence J; Pater, John; Cooper, Peter; Selva, Dinesh
We present a case of mature congenital orbital teratoma managed with lid-sparing exenteration and dermis fat graft. This is a case report on the management of congenital orbital teratoma. A full-term baby was born in Fiji with prolapsed right globe which was surrounded by a nonpulsatile, cystic mass. Clinical and imaging features were consistent with congenital orbital teratoma. Due to limited surgical expertise, the patient was transferred to Adelaide, Australia for further management. The patient underwent a lid-sparing exenteration with frozen section control of the apical margin. A dermis fat graft from the groin was placed beneath the lid skin to provide volume. Histopathology revealed mature tissues from each of the three germ cell layers which confirmed the diagnosis of mature teratoma. We describe the successful use of demis fat graft in socket reconstruction following lid-sparing exenteration for congenital orbital teratoma.
Shereen Aiyub
Full Text Available We present a case of mature congenital orbital teratoma managed with lid-sparing exenteration and dermis fat graft. This is a case report on the management of congenital orbital teratoma. A full-term baby was born in Fiji with prolapsed right globe which was surrounded by a nonpulsatile, cystic mass. Clinical and imaging features were consistent with congenital orbital teratoma. Due to limited surgical expertise, the patient was transferred to Adelaide, Australia for further management. The patient underwent a lid-sparing exenteration with frozen section control of the apical margin. A dermis fat graft from the groin was placed beneath the lid skin to provide volume. Histopathology revealed mature tissues from each of the three germ cell layers which confirmed the diagnosis of mature teratoma. We describe the successful use of demis fat graft in socket reconstruction following lid-sparing exenteration for congenital orbital teratoma.
PS Booster Orbit Correction
Chanel, M; Rumolo, G; Tomás, R; CERN. Geneva. AB Department
At the end of the 2007 run, orbit measurements were carried out in the 4 rings of the PS Booster (PSB) for different working points and beam energies. The aim of these measurements was to provide the necessary input data for a PSB realignment campaign during the 2007/2008 shutdown. Currently, only very few corrector magnets can be operated reliably in the PSB; therefore the orbit correction has to be achieved by displacing (horizontally and vertically) and/or tilting some of the defocusing quadrupoles (QDs). In this report we first describe the orbit measurements, followed by a detailed explanation of the orbit correction strategy. Results and conclusions are presented in the last section.
Hasim Rushiti; Florian Miftari; Besim Halilaj
The approach and the objective of this experiment are consistent with the determination of changes of blood parameters after the stay of the students at an altitude of 1800-2300 meters, for a ten-day long ski course. In this paper are included a total of 64 students of the Faculty of Sport Sciences in Prishtina, of the age group of 19-25 (the average age is 21). All students previously have undergone a medical check for TA, arterial pulse and respiratory rate. In particular, the health situat...
Antisymmetric Orbit Functions
Full Text Available In the paper, properties of antisymmetric orbit functions are reviewed and further developed. Antisymmetric orbit functions on the Euclidean space $E_n$ are antisymmetrized exponential functions. Antisymmetrization is fulfilled by a Weyl group, corresponding to a Coxeter-Dynkin diagram. Properties of such functions are described. These functions are closely related to irreducible characters of a compact semisimple Lie group $G$ of rank $n$. Up to a sign, values of antisymmetric orbit functions are repeated on copies of the fundamental domain $F$ of the affine Weyl group (determined by the initial Weyl group in the entire Euclidean space $E_n$. Antisymmetric orbit functions are solutions of the corresponding Laplace equation in $E_n$, vanishing on the boundary of the fundamental domain $F$. Antisymmetric orbit functions determine a so-called antisymmetrized Fourier transform which is closely related to expansions of central functions in characters of irreducible representations of the group $G$. They also determine a transform on a finite set of points of $F$ (the discrete antisymmetric orbit function transform. Symmetric and antisymmetric multivariate exponential, sine and cosine discrete transforms are given.
Local orbit feedback
Critically aligned experiments are sensitive to small changes in the electron beam orbit. At the NSLS storage rings, the electron beam and photon beam motions have been monitored over the past several years. In the survey conducted in 1986 by the NSLS Users Executive Committee, experimenters requested the vertical beam position variation and the vertical angle variation, within a given fill, remain within 10 μm and 10 μr, respectively. This requires improvement in the beam stability by about one order of magnitude. At the NSLS and SSRL storage rings, the beam that is originally centered on the position monitor by a dc orbit correction is observed to have two kinds of motion: a dc drift over a storage period of several hours and a beam bounce about its nominal position. These motions are a result of the equilibrium orbit not being held perfectly stable due to time-varying errors introduced into the magnetic guide field by power supplies, mechanical vibration of the magnets, cooling water temperature variations, etc. The approach to orbit stabilization includes (1) identifying and suppressing as many noise sources on the machine as possible, (2) correcting the beam position globally (see Section 6) by controlling a number of correctors around the circumference of the machine, and (3) correcting the beam position and angle at a given source location by position feedback using local detectors and local orbit bumps. The third approach, called Local Orbit Feedback will be discussed in this section
Nuclear reactor power for an electrically powered orbital transfer vehicle
Jaffe, L.; Beatty, R.; Bhandari, P.; Chow, E.; Deininger, W.; Ewell, R.; Fujita, T.; Grossman, M.; Kia, T.; Nesmith, B.
To help determine the systems requirements for a 300-kWe space nuclear reactor power system, a mission and spacecraft have been examined which utilize electric propulsion and this nuclear reactor power for multiple transfers of cargo between low earth orbit (LEO) and geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO). A propulsion system employing ion thrusters and xenon propellant was selected. Propellant and thrusters are replaced after each sortie to GEO. The mass of the Orbital Transfer Vehicle (OTV), empty and dry, is 11,000 kg; nominal propellant load is 5000 kg. The OTV operates between a circular orbit at 925 km altitude, 28.5 deg inclination, and GEO. Cargo is brought to the OTV by Shuttle and an Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle (OMV); the OTV then takes it to GEO. The OTV can also bring cargo back from GEO, for transfer by OMV to the Shuttle. OTV propellant is resupplied and the ion thrusters are replaced by the OMV before each trip to GEO. At the end of mission life, the OTV's electric propulsion is used to place it in a heliocentric orbit so that the reactor will not return to earth. The nominal cargo capability to GEO is 6000 kg with a transit time of 120 days; 1350 kg can be transferred in 90 days, and 14,300 kg in 240 days. These capabilities can be considerably increased by using separate Shuttle launches to bring up propellant and cargo, or by changing to mercury propellant.
Jaffe, L.; Beatty, R.; Bhandari, P.
To help determine the systems requirements for a 300-kWe space nuclear reactor power system, a mission and spacecraft have been examined which utilize electric propulsion and this nuclear reactor power for multiple transfers of cargo between low Earth orbit (LEO) and geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO). A propulsion system employing ion thrusters and xenon propellant was selected. Propellant and thrusters are replaced after each sortie to GEO. The mass of the Orbital Transfer Vehicle (OTV), empty and dry, is 11,000 kg; nominal propellant load is 5000 kg. The OTV operates between a circular orbit at 925 km altitude, 28.5 deg inclination, and GEO. Cargo is brought to the OTV by Shuttle and an Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle (OMV); the OTV then takes it to GEO. The OTV can also bring cargo back from GEO, for transfer by OMV to the Shuttle. OTV propellant is resupplied and the ion thrusters are replaced by the OMV before each trip to GEO. At the end of mission life, the OTV's electric propulsion is used to place it in a heliocentric orbit so that the reactor will not return to Earth. The nominal cargo capability to GEO is 6000 kg with a transit time of 120 days; 1350 kg can be transferred in 90 days, and 14,300 kg in 240 days. These capabilities can be considerably increased by using separate Shuttle launches to bring up propellant and cargo, or by changing to mercury propellant
The world state of orbital debris measurements and modeling
For more than 20 years orbital debris research around the world has been striving to obtain a sharper, more comprehensive picture of the near-Earth artificial satellite environment. Whereas significant progress has been achieved through better organized and funded programs and with the assistance of advancing technologies in both space surveillance sensors and computational capabilities, the potential of measurements and modeling of orbital debris has yet to be realized. Greater emphasis on a systems-level approach to the characterization and projection of the orbital debris environment would prove beneficial. On-going space surveillance activities, primarily from terrestrial-based facilities, are narrowing the uncertainties of the orbital debris population for objects greater than 2 mm in LEO and offer a better understanding of the GEO regime down to 10 cm diameter objects. In situ data collected in LEO is limited to a narrow range of altitudes and should be employed with great care. Orbital debris modeling efforts should place high priority on improving model fidelity, on clearly and completely delineating assumptions and simplifications, and on more thorough sensitivity studies. Most importantly, however, greater communications and cooperation between the measurements and modeling communities are essential for the efficient advancement of the field. The advent of the Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) in 1993 has facilitated this exchange of data and modeling techniques. A joint goal of these communities should be the identification of new sources of orbital debris.
The nuclear spin-orbit coupling
Bell, J.S.; Skyrme, T.H.R.
Analysis of the nucleon-nucleon scattering around 100 MeV has determined the spin-orbit coupling part of the two-body scattering matrix at that energy, and a reasonable extrapolation to lower energies is possible. This scattering amplitude has been used, in the spirit of Brueckner's nuclear model, to estimate the resultant single-body spin-orbit coupling for a single nucleon interacting with a large nucleus. This resultant potential has a radial dependence approximately proportional to r -1 d � /dr, and with a magnitude in good agreement with that required to explain the doublet splittings in nuclei and the polarization of nucleons scattered elastically off nuclei. (author). 14 refs, 2 figs
Mesoscopic rings with spin-orbit interactions
Berche, Bertrand; Chatelain, Christophe; Medina, Ernesto, E-mail: berche@lpm.u-nancy.f [Statistical Physics Group, Institut Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS No 7198, Universite Henri Poincare, Nancy 1, B.P. 70239, F-54506 Vandoeuvre les Nancy (France)
A didactic description of charge and spin equilibrium currents on mesoscopic rings in the presence of spin-orbit interaction is presented. Emphasis is made on the non-trivial construction of the correct Hamiltonian in polar coordinates, the calculation of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions and the symmetries of the ground-state properties. Spin currents are derived following an intuitive definition, and then a more thorough derivation is built upon the canonical Lagrangian formulation that emphasizes the SU(2) gauge structure of the transport problem of spin-1/2 fermions in spin-orbit active media. The quantization conditions that follow from the constraint of single-valued Pauli spinors are also discussed. The targeted students are those of a graduate condensed matter physics course.
Plasma balance equations based on orbit theory
Lehnert, B.
A set of plasma balance equations is proposed which is based on orbit theory and the particle distribution function, to provide means for theoretical analysis of a number of finite Larmor radius (FLR) phenomena without use of the Vlasov equation. Several important FLR effects originate from the inhomogeneity of an electric field in the plasma. The exact solution of a simple case shows that this inhomogeneity introduces fundamental changes in the physics of the particle motion. Thus, the periodic Larmor motion (gyration) is shifted in frequency and becomes elliptically polarized. Further, the non-periodic guiding-centre drift obtains additional components, part of which are accelerated such as to make the drift orbits intersect the equipotential surfaces of a static electric field. An attempt is finally made to classify the FLR effects, also with the purpose of identifying phenomena which have so far not been investigated. (author)
Verifying black hole orbits with gravitational spectroscopy
Drasco, Steve
Gravitational waves from test masses bound to geodesic orbits of rotating black holes are simulated, using Teukolsky's black hole perturbation formalism, for about ten thousand generic orbital configurations. Each binary radiates power exclusively in modes with frequencies that are integer-linear combinations of the orbit's three fundamental frequencies. General spectral properties are found with a survey of orbits about a black hole taken to be rotating at 80% of the maximal spin. The orbital eccentricity is varied from 0.1 to 0.9. Inclination ranges from 20 deg. to 160 deg. and comes to within 20 deg. of polar. Semilatus rectum is varied from 1.2 to 3 times the value at the innermost stable circular orbits. The following general spectral properties are found: (i) 99% of the radiated power is typically carried by a few hundred modes, and at most by about a thousand modes, (ii) the dominant frequencies can be grouped into a small number of families defined by fixing two of the three integer frequency multipliers, and (iii) the specifics of these trends can be qualitatively inferred from the geometry of the orbit under consideration. Detections using triperiodic analytic templates modeled on these general properties would constitute a verification of radiation from an adiabatic sequence of black hole orbits and would recover the evolution of the fundamental orbital frequencies. In an analogy with ordinary spectroscopy, this would compare to observing the Bohr model's atomic hydrogen spectrum without being able to rule out alternative atomic theories or nuclei. The suitability of such a detection technique is demonstrated using snapshots computed at 12-hour intervals throughout the last three years before merger of a kludged inspiral. The system chosen is typical of those thought to occur in galactic nuclei and to be observable with space-based gravitational wave detectors like LISA. Because of circularization, the number of excited modes decreases as the binary
QED effects on individual atomic orbital energies
Kozioł, Karol; Aucar, Gustavo A.
Several issues, concerning QED corrections, that are important in precise atomic calculations are presented. The leading QED corrections, self-energy and vacuum polarization, to the orbital energy for selected atoms with 30 ≤ Z ≤ 118 have been calculated. The sum of QED and Breit contributions to the orbital energy is analyzed. It has been found that for ns subshells the Breit and QED contributions are of comparative size, but for np and nd subshells the Breit contribution takes a major part of the QED+Breit sum. It has also, been found that the Breit to leading QED contributions ratio for ns subshells is almost independent of Z. The Z-dependence of QED and Breit+QED contributions per subshell is shown. The fitting coefficients may be used to estimate QED effects on inner molecular orbitals. We present results of our calculations for QED contributions to orbital energy of valence ns-subshell for group 1 and 11 atoms and discuss about the reliability of these numbers by comparing them with experimental first ionization potential data.
Polarized targets and beams
Meyer, W.
First the experimental situation of the single-pion photoproduction and the photodisintegration of the deuteron is briefly discussed. Then a description of the Bonn polarization facilities is given. The point of main effort is put on the polarized target which plays a vital role in the program. A facility for photon induced double polarization experiments at ELSA will be presented in section 4. Properties of a tensor polarized deuteron target are discussed in section 5. The development in the field of polarized targets, especially on new target materials, enables a new generation of polarized target experiments with (polarized) electrons. Some comments on the use of a polarized target in combination with electron beams will be discussed in section 6. Electron deuteron scattering from a tensor polarized deuteron target is considered and compared with other experimental possibilities. (orig./HSI)
The FAA altitude chamber training flight profile : a survey of altitude reactions, 1965-1989.
Reactions from 1,161 trainees out of 12,759 trainees subjected to the FAA altitude chamber training flights from 1965-1989 are annotated in this survey. Although there were some mild and expected reactions, these training profiles appear to provide a...
Polarization transfer from polarized nuclear spin to μ- spin in muonic atom
Kuno, Yoshitaka; Nagamine, Kanetada; Yamazaki, Toshimitsu.
A theoretical study of polarization transfer from an initially-polarized nuclear spin to a μ - spin in a muonic atom is given. The switching of the hyperfine interaction at excited muonic states as well as at the ground 1s state is taken into account. The upper state of hyperfine doublet at the muonic 1s state is considered to proceed down to the lower state. It is found that as the hyperfine interaction becomes effective at higher excited muonic orbitals, a less extent of polarization is transferred from the nuclear spin to the μ - spin. The theoretical values obtained are compared with the recent experiment of μ - repolarization in a polarized 209 Bi target. (author)
Numerical simulation of altitude impact on pulverized coal combustion
Pei, Xiaohui; He, Boshu; Ling, Ling; Wang, Lei [Beijing Jiaotong Univ., Beijing (China). Inst. of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering
A drop-tube Furnace simulation model has been developed to investigate the pulverized coal combustion characteristics under different altitudes using the commercially available software Fluent. The altitude conditions of 0, 500, 1,000, 1,500 m have been discussed. The results included the fields of temperature, pressure, velocity, the coal burnout, CO burnout and NO emission in the tube furnace. The variation of these parameters with altitude has been analyzed. The coal combustion characteristics were affected by the altitude. The time and space for coal burnout should be increased with the rise of altitude. The valuable results could be referenced in the design of coal- fired furnaces for the high altitude areas.
Polarization measurements of auroral kilometric radiation by Dynamics Explorer-1
Shawhan, S.D.; Gurnett, D.A.
The plasma wave instrument (PWI) on the Dynamics Explorer-1 has been used to measure polarization of auroral kilometric radiation (AKR) at frequencies of 50 to 400 kHz in both the northern and the southern nightside auroral regions at altitudes of 1 to 3 R/sub E/ above the AKR source regions. The AKR polarization sense is found to be the same as the right hand polarized auroral hiss found in the frequency range of 0.8 to 6.4 kHz. Consequently, these unambiguous direct polarization measurements of AKR lead to the conclusion that AKR escapes the magnetosphere in the R-X mode. Since DE-1 is close to the source region, it can be inferred that AKR is generated predominately in the R-X mode
METRIC: A Dedicated Earth-Orbiting Spacecraft for Investigating Gravitational Physics and the Space Environment
Roberto Peron
Full Text Available A dedicated mission in low Earth orbit is proposed to test predictions of gravitational interaction theories and to directly measure the atmospheric density in a relevant altitude range, as well as to provide a metrological platform able to tie different space geodesy techniques. The concept foresees a small spacecraft to be placed in a dawn-dusk eccentric orbit between 450 and 1200 km of altitude. The spacecraft will be tracked from the ground with high precision, and a three-axis accelerometer package on-board will measure the non-gravitational accelerations acting on its surface. Estimates of parameters related to fundamental physics and geophysics should be obtained by a precise orbit determination, while the accelerometer data will be instrumental in constraining the atmospheric density. Along with the mission scientific objectives, a conceptual configuration is described together with an analysis of the dynamical environment experienced by the spacecraft and the accelerometer.
E-Orbit Functions
Jiri Patera
Full Text Available We review and further develop the theory of $E$-orbit functions. They are functions on the Euclidean space $E_n$ obtained from the multivariate exponential function by symmetrization by means of an even part $W_{e}$ of a Weyl group $W$, corresponding to a Coxeter-Dynkin diagram. Properties of such functions are described. They are closely related to symmetric and antisymmetric orbit functions which are received from exponential functions by symmetrization and antisymmetrization procedure by means of a Weyl group $W$. The $E$-orbit functions, determined by integral parameters, are invariant withrespect to even part $W^{aff}_{e}$ of the affine Weyl group corresponding to $W$. The $E$-orbit functions determine a symmetrized Fourier transform, where these functions serve as a kernel of the transform. They also determine a transform on a finite set of points of the fundamental domain $F^{e}$ of the group $W^{aff}_{e}$ (the discrete $E$-orbit function transform.
Hemoglobin and testosterone: importance on high altitude acclimatization and adaptation
Gonzales, Gustavo F.; Jefe de la Unidad de Reproducción, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Altura y Jefe del Laboratorio de EndocrinologÃa y Reproducción, Facultad de Ciencias y FilosofÃa, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Doctor en Medicina y Doctor en Ciencias. Especialista en EndocrinologÃa.
The different types of response mechanisms that the organism uses when exposed to hypoxia include accommodation, acclimatization and adaptation. Accommodation is the initial response to acute exposure to high altitude hypoxia and is characterized by an increase in ventilation and heart rate. Acclimatization is observed in individuals temporarily exposed to high altitude, and to some extent, it enables them to tolerate the high altitudes. In this phase, erythropoiesis is increased, resulti...
Terahertz radiation by subpicosecond spin-polarized photocurrent originating from Dirac electrons in a Rashba-type polar semiconductor
Kinoshita, Yuto; Kida, Noriaki; Miyamoto, Tatsuya; Kanou, Manabu; Sasagawa, Takao; Okamoto, Hiroshi
The spin-splitting energy bands induced by the relativistic spin-orbit interaction in solids provide a new opportunity to manipulate the spin-polarized electrons on the subpicosecond timescale. Here, we report one such example in a bulk Rashba-type polar semiconductor BiTeBr. Strong terahertz electromagnetic waves are emitted after the resonant excitation of the interband transition between the Rashba-type spin-splitting energy bands with a femtosecond laser pulse circularly polarized. The phase of the emitted terahertz waves is reversed by switching the circular polarization. This suggests that the observed terahertz radiation originates from the subpicosecond spin-polarized photocurrents, which are generated by the asymmetric depopulation of the Dirac state. Our result provides a way for the current-induced terahertz radiation and its phase control by the circular polarization of incident light without external electric fields.
Climatic changes on orbital and sub-orbital time scale recorded by the Guliya ice core in Tibetan Plateau
Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
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Based on ice core records in the Tibetan Plateau and Greenland, the features and possible causes of climatic changes on orbital and sub-orbital time scale were discussed. Orbital time scale climatic change recorded in ice core from the Tibetan Plateau is typically ahead of that from polar regions, which indicates that climatic change in the Tibetan Plateau might be earlier than polar regions. The solar radiation change is a major factor that dominates the climatic change on orbital time scale. However, climatic events on sub-orbital time scale occurred later in the Tibetan Plateau than in the Arctic Region, indicating a different mechanism. For example, the Younger Dryas and Heinrich events took place earlier in Greenland ice core record than in Guliya ice core record. It is reasonable to propose the hypothesis that these climatic events were affected possibly by the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Therefore, ice sheet is critically important to climatic change on sub-orbital time scale in some ice ages.
Global Pattern of The Evolutions of the Sub-Auroral Polarization Streams
He, F.; Zhang, X.; Wang, W.; Wan, W.
Due to the spatial and temporal limitations of the in-situ measurements from the low altitude polar orbiting satellites or the ionospheric scan by incoherent scatter radars, the global configuration and evolution of SAPS are still not very clear. Here, we present multi-satellite observations of the evolution of subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) during the main phase of a server geomagnetic storm occurred on 31 March 2001. DMSP F12 to F15 observations indicate that the SAPS were first generated in the dusk sector at the beginning of the main phase. Then the SAPS channel expanded towards the midnight and moved to lower latitudes as the main phase went on. The peak velocity, latitudinal width, latitudinal alignment, and longitudinal span of the SAPS channels were highly dynamic during the storm main phase. The global evolution of the SAPS corresponds well with that of the region-2 field-aligned currents, which are mainly determined by the azimuthal pressure gradient of the ring current. Further studies on 37 storms and 30 isolated substorms indicate that the lifetime of the SAPS channel was proportional to the period of time for southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). The SAPS channel disappeared after northward turning of the IMF. During the recovery phase, if the IMF kept northward, no SAPS channel was generated, if the IMF turned to southward again, however, SAPS channel will be generated again with lifetime proportional to the duration of the southward IMF. During isolated substorms, the SAPS channel was also controlled by IMF. The SAPS channel was generated after substorm onset and the peak drift velocity of the SAPS channel achieved its maximum during the recovery phase of the substorm. It is suggested that, SAPS channel were mainly controlled by IMF, more works should be done with observations or simulations of investigate the global patterns of the SAPS and the magnetosphere-ionosphere couplings.
Simulation study for ground-based Ku-band microwave observations of ozone and hydroxyl in the polar middle atmosphere
Newnham, David; Clilverd, Mark; Kosch, Michael; Verronen, Pekka
Commercial satellite TV broadcasting is possible due to remarkable advances in microwave electronics, enabling weak signals transmitted over 36,000 km from geostationary orbit to be received by inexpensive rooftop dishes. The Ku band satellite frequencies (10.70-14.25 GHz) overlap microwave emissions from ozone (O3) at 11.072 GHz and hydroxyl radical (OH) at 13.44 GHz. These important chemical species in the polar middle atmosphere respond strongly to solar variability and, at high latitudes, geomagnetic activity associated with space weather. Atmospheric model calculations predict that energetic electron precipitation (EEP) driven by magnetospheric substorms produces large changes in polar mesospheric O3 and OH. The EEP typically peaks at geomagnetic latitudes ˜65˚ (e.g. Kilpisjärvi, Finland and Syowa station, Antarctica) and evolves rapidly with time eastwards and over the geomagnetic latitude range 60˚ -80˚ (e.g. reaching Halley, Antarctica). During the substorms OH can increase by more than 1000% at 64-84 km. The substorms leave footprints of 5-55% O3 loss lasting many hours of local time, with strong altitude and seasonal dependences. An atmospheric simulation and retrieval study is performed to determine the specification and design requirements for microwave radiometers capable of measuring O3 and OH profiles from Arctic and Antarctic locations using accessible satellite TV receiver technology. The proposed observations are highly applicable to studies of EEP, atmospheric dynamics, planetaryscale circulation, chemical transport, and the representation of these processes in polar and global climate models. They would provide a lowcost, reliable alternative to increasingly sparse satellite measurements, extending long-term data records and also providing "ground truth" calibration data.
Aspirated Compressors for High Altitude Engines, Phase I
National Aeronautics and Space Administration — Aurora Flight Sciences proposes to incorporate aspirated compressor technology into a high altitude, long endurance (HALE) concept engine. Aspiration has been proven...
Does 'altitude training' increase exercise performance in elite athletes?
Lundby, Carsten; Robach, Paul
What is the topic of this review? The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of various altitude training strategies as investigated within the last few years. What advances does it highlight? Based on the available literature, the foundation to recommend altitude training to athletes is weak. Athletes may use one of the various altitude training strategies to improve exercise performance. The scientific support for such strategies is, however, not as sound as one would perhaps imagine. The question addressed in this review is whether altitude training should be recommended to elite athletes or not. © 2016 The Authors. Experimental Physiology © 2016 The Physiological Society.
Altitude variations of ionospheric currents at auroral latitudes
Kamide, Y.; Brekke, A.
On the basis of updated EISCAT experiments, the first full derivation of the ionospheric current density of the auroral electrojets at six different altitudes are presented. It is found that current vectors at different altitudes are quite different, although the eastward and westward currents prevail in the evening and morning sectors, respectively, once the currents are integrated over altitude. The eastward electrojet becomes almost northward whilst the westward electrojet becomes almost southward, at the highest altitude, 125 km, in this study. The physical implications of these characteristics are discussed
The effect of altitude hypoxia on glucose homeostasis in men
Larsen, J J; Hansen, J M; Olsen, Niels Vidiendal
1. Exposure to altitude hypoxia elicits changes in glucose homeostasis with increases in glucose and insulin concentrations within the first few days at altitude. Both increased and unchanged hepatic glucose production (HGP) have previously been reported in response to acute altitude hypoxia...... (noradrenaline and adrenaline) and day 7 (adrenaline), but not at sea level. 4. In conclusion, insulin action decreases markedly in response to two days of altitude hypoxia, but improves with more prolonged exposure. HGP is always unchanged. The changes in insulin action may in part be explained by the changes...
High Altitude Warfare: The Kargil Conflict and the Future
Acosta, Marcus
The unique combination of thin air, freezing temperatures, and mountainous terrain that forms the high altitude environment has resisted advances in military technology for centuries, The emergence...
APOLLO 16 COMMANDER JOHN YOUNG ENTERS ALTITUDE CHAMBER FOR TESTS
Apollo 16 commander John W. Young prepares to enter the lunar module in an altitude chamber in the Manned Spacecraft Operations Building at the spaceport prior to an altitude run. During the altitude run, in which Apollo 16 lunar module pilot Charles M. Duke also participated, the chamber was pumped down to simulate pressure at an altitude in excess of 200,000 feet. Young, Duke and command module pilot Thomas K. Mattingly II, are training at the Kennedy Space Center for the Apollo 16 mission. Launch is scheduled from Pad 39A, March 17, 1972.
Numerical Algorithms for Precise and Efficient Orbit Propagation and Positioning
Bradley, Ben K.
orbit propagation, yielding savings in computation time and memory. Orbit propagation and position transformation simulations are analyzed to generate a complete set of recommendations for performing the ITRS/GCRS transformation for a wide range of needs, encompassing real-time on-board satellite operations and precise post-processing applications. In addition, a complete derivation of the ITRS/GCRS frame transformation time-derivative is detailed for use in velocity transformations between the GCRS and ITRS and is applied to orbit propagation in the rotating ITRS. EOP interpolation methods and ocean tide corrections are shown to impact the ITRS/GCRS transformation accuracy at the level of 5 cm and 20 cm on the surface of the Earth and at the Global Positioning System (GPS) altitude, respectively. The precession-nutation and EOP simplifications yield maximum propagation errors of approximately 2 cm and 1 m after 15 minutes and 6 hours in low-Earth orbit (LEO), respectively, while reducing computation time and memory usage. Finally, for orbit propagation in the ITRS, a simplified scheme is demonstrated that yields propagation errors under 5 cm after 15 minutes in LEO. This approach is beneficial for orbit determination based on GPS measurements. We conclude with a summary of recommendations on EOP usage and bias-precession-nutation implementations for achieving a wide range of transformation and propagation accuracies at several altitudes. This comprehensive set of recommendations allows satellite operators, astrodynamicists, and scientists to make informed decisions when choosing the best implementation for their application, balancing accuracy and computational complexity.
[Secondary orbital lymphoma].
Basanta, I; Sevillano, C; �lvarez, M D
A case is presented of an 85 year-old Caucasian female with lymphoma that recurred in the orbit (secondary ocular adnexal lymphoma). The orbital tumour was a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma according to the REAL classification (Revised European-American Lymphoma Classification). Orbital lymphomas are predominantly B-cell proliferations of a variety of histological types, and most are low-grade tumours. Patients are usually middle-aged or elderly, and it is slightly more common in women. A palpable mass, proptosis and blepharoptosis are the most common signs of presentation. Copyright © 2011 Sociedad Española de OftalmologÃa. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.
Large orbit neoclassical transport
Lin, Z.; Tang, W.M.; Lee, W.W.
Neoclassical transport in the presence of large ion orbits is investigated. The study is motivated by the recent experimental results that ion thermal transport levels in enhanced confinement tokamak plasmas fall below the open-quotes irreducible minimum levelclose quotes predicted by standard neoclassical theory. This apparent contradiction is resolved in the present analysis by relaxing the basic neoclassical assumption that the ions orbital excursions are much smaller than the local toroidal minor radius and the equilibrium scale lengths of the system. Analytical and simulation results are in agreement with trends from experiments. The development of a general formalism for neoclassical transport theory with finite orbit width is also discussed. copyright 1997 American Institute of Physics
Scattering with polarized neutrons
Schweizer, J.
In the history of neutron scattering, it was shown very soon that the use of polarized neutron beams brings much more information than usual scattering with unpolarized neutrons. We shall develop here the different scattering methods that imply polarized neutrons: 1) polarized beams without polarization analysis, the flipping ratio method; 2) polarized beams with a uniaxial polarization analysis; 3) polarized beams with a spherical polarization analysis. For all these scattering methods, we shall give examples of the physical problems which can been solved by these methods, particularly in the field of magnetism: investigation of complex magnetic structures, investigation of spin or magnetization densities in metals, insulators and molecular compounds, separation of magnetic and nuclear scattering, investigation of magnetic properties of liquids and amorphous materials and even, for non magnetic material, separation between coherent and incoherent scattering. (author)
Polarized Light Corridor Demonstrations.
Davies, G. R.
Eleven demonstrations of light polarization are presented. Each includes a brief description of the apparatus and the effect demonstrated. Illustrated are strain patterns, reflection, scattering, the Faraday Effect, interference, double refraction, the polarizing microscope, and optical activity. (CW)
Techniques in polarization physics
Clausnitzer, G.
A review of the current status of the technical tools necessary to perform different kinds of polarization experiments is presented, and the absolute and relative accuracy with which data can be obtained is discussed. A description of polarized targets and sources of polarized fast neutrons is included. Applications of polarization techniques to other fields is mentioned briefly. (14 figures, 3 tables, 110 references) (U.S.)
Orbital welding technique
Hoeschen, W.
The TIG (Tungsten-inert gas) orbital welding technique is applied in all areas of pipe welding. The process is mainly used for austenitic and ferritic materials but also for materials like aluminium, nickel, and titanium alloys are commonly welded according to this technique. Thin-walled as well as thick-walled pipes are welded economically. The application of orbital welding is of particular interest in the area of maintenance of thick-walled pipes that is described in this article. (orig.) [de
The Impact of Altitude on Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children Dwelling at High Altitude: A Crossover Study.
Hughes, Benjamin H; Brinton, John T; Ingram, David G; Halbower, Ann C
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is prevalent among children and is associated with adverse health outcomes. Worldwide, approximately 250 million individuals reside at altitudes higher than 2000 meters above sea level (masl). The effect of chronic high-altitude exposure on children with SDB is unknown. This study aims to determine the impact of altitude on sleep study outcomes in children with SDB dwelling at high altitude. A single-center crossover study was performed to compare results of high-altitude home polysomnography (H-PSG) with lower altitude laboratory polysomnography (L-PSG) in school-age children dwelling at high altitude with symptoms consistent with SDB. The primary outcome was apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), with secondary outcomes including obstructive AHI; central AHI; and measures of oxygenation, sleep quality, and pulse rate. Twelve participants were enrolled, with 10 included in the final analysis. Median altitude was 1644 masl on L-PSG and 2531 masl on H-PSG. Median AHI was 2.40 on L-PSG and 10.95 on H-PSG. Both obstructive and central respiratory events accounted for the difference in AHI. Oxygenation and sleep fragmentation were worse and pulse rate higher on H-PSG compared to L-PSG. These findings reveal a clinically substantial impact of altitude on respiratory, sleep, and cardiovascular outcomes in children with SDB who dwell at high altitude. Within this population, L-PSG underestimates obstructive sleep apnea and central sleep apnea compared to H-PSG. Given the shortage of high-altitude pediatric sleep laboratories, these results suggest a role for home sleep apnea testing for children residing at high altitude. © Sleep Research Society 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Sleep Research Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.
Mean Orbital Elements for Geosynchronous Orbit - II - Orbital inclination, longitude of ascending node, mean longitude
Kyu-Hong Choi
Full Text Available The osculating orbital elements include the mean, secular, long period, and short period terms. The iterative algorithm used for conversion of osculating orbital elements to mean orbital elements is described. The mean orbital elements of Wc, Ws, and L are obtained.
Polarized Moessbauer transitions
Barb, D.
Theoretical aspects of the emission, absorption and scattering of polarized gamma rays are reviewed for a general case of combined magnetic and electric hyperfine interactions; various possibilities of obtaining polarized gamma sources are described and examples are given of the applications of Moessbauer spectroscopy with polarized gamma rays in solving problems of solid state physics. (A.K.)
Geographical Income Polarization
Azhar, Hussain; Jonassen, Anders Bruun
inter municipal income inequality. Counter factual simulations show that rising property prices to a large part explain the rise in polarization. One side-effect of polarization is tendencies towards a parallel polarization of residence location patterns, where low skilled individuals tend to live...
Calculation of polarization effects
Chao, A.W.
Basically there are two areas of accelerator applications that involve beam polarization. One is the acceleration of a polarized beam (most likely a proton beam) in a synchrotron. Another concerns polarized beams in an electron storage ring. In both areas, numerical techniques have been very useful
Valley polarized quantum Hall effect and topological insulator phase transitions in silicene
Tahir, M.; Schwingenschlö gl, Udo
encountered for graphene, in particular the zero band gap and weak spin orbit interaction. We demonstrate a valley polarized quantum Hall effect and topological insulator phase transitions. We use the Kubo formalism to discuss the Hall conductivity and address
A Concept of Two-Stage-To-Orbit Reusable Launch Vehicle
Yang, Yong; Wang, Xiaojun; Tang, Yihua
Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) has a capability of delivering a wide rang of payload to earth orbit with greater reliability, lower cost, more flexibility and operability than any of today's launch vehicles. It is the goal of future space transportation systems. Past experience on single stage to orbit (SSTO) RLVs, such as NASA's NASP project, which aims at developing an rocket-based combined-cycle (RBCC) airplane and X-33, which aims at developing a rocket RLV, indicates that SSTO RLV can not be realized in the next few years based on the state-of-the-art technologies. This paper presents a concept of all rocket two-stage-to-orbit (TSTO) reusable launch vehicle. The TSTO RLV comprises an orbiter and a booster stage. The orbiter is mounted on the top of the booster stage. The TSTO RLV takes off vertically. At the altitude about 50km the booster stage is separated from the orbiter, returns and lands by parachutes and airbags, or lands horizontally by means of its own propulsion system. The orbiter continues its ascent flight and delivers the payload into LEO orbit. After completing orbit mission, the orbiter will reenter into the atmosphere, automatically fly to the ground base and finally horizontally land on the runway. TSTO RLV has less technology difficulties and risk than SSTO, and maybe the practical approach to the RLV in the near future.
Effects of ascent to high altitude on human antimycobacterial immunity.
Sarah Eisen
Full Text Available Tuberculosis infection, disease and mortality are all less common at high than low altitude and ascent to high altitude was historically recommended for treatment. The immunological and mycobacterial mechanisms underlying the association between altitude and tuberculosis are unclear. We studied the effects of altitude on mycobacteria and antimycobacterial immunity.Antimycobacterial immunity was assayed in 15 healthy adults residing at low altitude before and after they ascended to 3400 meters; and in 47 long-term high-altitude residents. Antimycobacterial immunity was assessed as the extent to which participants' whole blood supported or restricted growth of genetically modified luminescent Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG mycobacteria during 96 hours incubation. We developed a simplified whole blood assay that could be used by a technician in a low-technology setting. We used this to compare mycobacterial growth in participants' whole blood versus positive-control culture broth and versus negative-control plasma.Measurements of mycobacterial luminescence predicted the number of mycobacterial colonies cultured six weeks later. At low altitude, mycobacteria grew in blood at similar rates to positive-control culture broth whereas ascent to high altitude was associated with restriction (p ≤ 0.002 of mycobacterial growth to be 4-times less than in culture broth. At low altitude, mycobacteria grew in blood 25-times more than negative-control plasma whereas ascent to high altitude was associated with restriction (p ≤ 0.01 of mycobacterial growth to be only 6-times more than in plasma. There was no evidence of differences in antimycobacterial immunity at high altitude between people who had recently ascended to high altitude versus long-term high-altitude residents.An assay of luminescent mycobacterial growth in whole blood was adapted and found to be feasible in low-resource settings. This demonstrated that ascent to or residence at high altitude was
Summary of the results from the lunar orbiter laser altimeter after seven years in lunar orbit
Smith, David E.; Zuber, Maria T.; Neumann, Gregory A.; Mazarico, Erwan; Lemoine, Frank G.; Head, James W., III; Lucey, Paul G.; Aharonson, Oded; Robinson, Mark S.; Sun, Xiaoli; Torrence, Mark H.; Barker, Michael K.; Oberst, Juergen; Duxbury, Thomas C.; Mao, Dandan; Barnouin, Olivier S.; Jha, Kopal; Rowlands, David D.; Goossens, Sander; Baker, David; Bauer, Sven; Gläser, Philipp; Lemelin, Myriam; Rosenburg, Margaret; Sori, Michael M.; Whitten, Jennifer; Mcclanahan, Timothy
In June 2009 the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) spacecraft was launched to the Moon. The payload consists of 7 science instruments selected to characterize sites for future robotic and human missions. Among them, the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) was designed to obtain altimetry, surface roughness, and reflectance measurements. The primary phase of lunar exploration lasted one year, following a 3-month commissioning phase. On completion of its exploration objectives, the LRO mission transitioned to a science mission. After 7 years in lunar orbit, the LOLA instrument continues to map the lunar surface. The LOLA dataset is one of the foundational datasets acquired by the various LRO instruments. LOLA provided a high-accuracy global geodetic reference frame to which past, present and future lunar observations can be referenced. It also obtained high-resolution and accurate global topography that were used to determine regions in permanent shadow at the lunar poles. LOLA further contributed to the study of polar volatiles through its unique measurement of surface brightness at zero phase, which revealed anomalies in several polar craters that may indicate the presence of water ice. In this paper, we describe the many LOLA accomplishments to date and its contribution to lunar and planetary science.
Smith, David E.; Zuber, Maria T.; Neumann, Gregory A.; Mazarico, Erwan; Lemoine, Frank G.; Head, James W., III; Lucey, Paul G.; Aharonson, Oded; Robinson, Mark S.; Sun, Xiaoli;
Uncertainty Requirement Analysis for the Orbit, Attitude, and Burn Performance of the 1st Lunar Orbit Insertion Maneuver
Young-Joo Song
Full Text Available In this study, the uncertainty requirements for orbit, attitude, and burn performance were estimated and analyzed for the execution of the 1st lunar orbit insertion (LOI maneuver of the Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO mission. During the early design phase of the system, associate analysis is an essential design factor as the 1st LOI maneuver is the largest burn that utilizes the onboard propulsion system; the success of the lunar capture is directly affected by the performance achieved. For the analysis, the spacecraft is assumed to have already approached the periselene with a hyperbolic arrival trajectory around the moon. In addition, diverse arrival conditions and mission constraints were considered, such as varying periselene approach velocity, altitude, and orbital period of the capture orbit after execution of the 1st LOI maneuver. The current analysis assumed an impulsive LOI maneuver, and two-body equations of motion were adapted to simplify the problem for a preliminary analysis. Monte Carlo simulations were performed for the statistical analysis to analyze diverse uncertainties that might arise at the moment when the maneuver is executed. As a result, three major requirements were analyzed and estimated for the early design phase. First, the minimum requirements were estimated for the burn performance to be captured around the moon. Second, the requirements for orbit, attitude, and maneuver burn performances were simultaneously estimated and analyzed to maintain the 1st elliptical orbit achieved around the moon within the specified orbital period. Finally, the dispersion requirements on the B-plane aiming at target points to meet the target insertion goal were analyzed and can be utilized as reference target guidelines for a mid-course correction (MCC maneuver during the transfer. More detailed system requirements for the KPLO mission, particularly for the spacecraft bus itself and for the flight dynamics subsystem at the ground
Bohr orbit theory revisited
Harcourt, R.D.
Bohr orbit theory is used to calculate energies for the 1S, 2P, 3D, 4F and 5G states of the helium muonic atom, when the muon is excited. These energies are close to those which have been calculated variationally by Huang (1977, Phys. Rev. A 15 1832-8). (author)
Acceleration of polarized particles
Buon, J.
The spin kinetics of polarized beams in circular accelerators is reviewed in the case of spin-1/2 particles (electrons and protons) with emphasis on the depolarization phenomena. The acceleration of polarized proton beams in synchrotrons is described together with the cures applied to reduce depolarization, including the use of 'Siberian Snakes'. The in-situ polarization of electrons in storage rings due to synchrotron radiation is studied as well as depolarization in presence of ring imperfections. The applications of electron polarization to accurately calibrate the rings in energy and to use polarized beams in colliding-beam experiments are reviewed. (author) 76 refs., 19 figs., 1 tab
Meteoroid Orbits from Observations
Campbell-Brown, Margaret
Millions of orbits of meteoroids have been measured over the last few decades, and they comprise the largest sample of orbits of solar system bodies which exists. The orbits of these objects can shed light on the distribution and evolution of comets and asteroids in near-Earth space (e.g. Neslusan et al. 2016). If orbits can be measured at sufficiently high resolution, individual meteoroids can be traced back to their parent bodies and, in principle, even to their ejection time (Rudawska et al. 2012). Orbits can be measured with multi-station optical observations or with radar observations.The most fundamental measured quantities are the speed of the meteor and the two angles of the radiant, or point in the sky from which the meteor appears to come. There are many methods used to determine these from observations, but not all produce the most accurate results (Egal et al. 2017). These three measured quantities, along with the time and location of the observation, are sufficient to obtain an orbit (see, e.g., Clark & Wiegert 2011), but the measurements must be corrected for the deceleration of the meteoroid in the atmosphere before it was detected, the rotation of the Earth, and the gravitational attraction of the Earth (including higher order moments if great precision is necessary).Once meteor orbits have been determined, studies of the age and origin of meteor showers (Bruzzone et al., 2015), the parent bodies of sporadic sources (Pokorny et al. 2014), and the dynamics of the meteoroid complex as a whole can be constrained.Bruzzone, J. S., Brown, P., Weryk, R., Campbell-Brown, M., 2015. MNRAS 446, 1625.Clark, D., Wiegert, P., 2011. M&PS 46, 1217.Egal, A., Gural, P., Vaubaillon, J., Colas, F., Thuillot, W., 2017. Icarus 294, 43.Neslusan, L., Vaubaillon, J., Hajdukova, M., 2016. A&A 589, id.A100.Pokorny, P., Vokrouhlicky, D., Nesvorny, D., Campbell-Brown, M., Brown, P., 2014. ApJ 789, id.25.Rudawska, R., Vaubaillon, J., Atreya, P., 2012. A&A 541, id.A2
Possible experiment with two counter-orbiting drag-free satellites to obtain a new test of Einstein's general theory of relativity and improved measurements in geodesy
In 1918, Lense and Thirring calculated that a moon orbiting a rotating planet would experience a nodal dragging effect due to general relativity. We describe an experiment to measure this effect to 1% with two counter-orbiting drag-free satellites in polar earth orbit. In addition to tracking data from existing ground stations, satellite-to-satellite Doppler ranging data are taken near the poles. New geophysical information is inherent in the polar data
Polarization effects. Volume 2
Courant, E.
The use of polarized proton beams in ISABELLE is important for several general reasons: (1) With a single longitudinally polarized proton beam, effects involving parity violation can be identified and hence processes involving weak interactions can be separated from those involving strong and electromagnetic interactions. (2) Spin effects are important in the strong interactions and can be useful for testing QCD. The technique for obtaining polarized proton beams in ISABELLE appears promising, particularly in view of the present development of a polarized proton beam for the AGS. Projections for the luminosity in ISABELLE for collisions of polarized protons - one or both beams polarized with longitudinal or transverse polarization - range from 1/100 to 1 times the luminosity for unpolarized protons.
The Physics of Polarization
Landi Degl'Innocenti, Egidio
The introductory lecture that has been delivered at this Symposium is a condensed version of an extended course held by the author at the XII Canary Island Winter School from November 13 to November 21, 2000. The full series of lectures can be found in Landi Degl'Innocenti (2002). The original reference is organized in 20 Sections that are here itemized: 1. Introduction, 2. Description of polarized radiation, 3. Polarization and optical devices: Jones calculus and Muller matrices, 4. The Fresnel equations, 5. Dichroism and anomalous dispersion, 6. Polarization in everyday life, 7. Polarization due to radiating charges, 8. The linear antenna, 9. Thomson scattering, 10. Rayleigh scattering, 11. A digression on Mie scattering, 12. Bremsstrahlung radiation, 13. Cyclotron radiation, 14. Synchrotron radiation, 15. Polarization in spectral lines, 16. Density matrix and atomic polarization, 17. Radiative transfer and statistical equilibrium equations, 18. The amplification condition in polarized radiative transfer, and 19. Coupling radiative transfer and statistical equilibrium equations.
Accuracy of Handheld Blood Glucose Meters at High Altitude
de Mol, Pieter; Krabbe, Hans G.; de Vries, Suzanna T.; Fokkert, Marion J.; Dikkeschei, Bert D.; Rienks, Rienk; Bilo, Karin M.; Bilo, Henk J. G.
Background: Due to increasing numbers of people with diabetes taking part in extreme sports (e. g., high-altitude trekking), reliable handheld blood glucose meters (BGMs) are necessary. Accurate blood glucose measurement under extreme conditions is paramount for safe recreation at altitude. Prior
Quadrant to Measure the Sun's Altitude
Windsor, A Morgan, Jr.
The changing altitude of the Sun (either over the course of a day or longer periods) is a phenomenon that students do not normally appreciate. However, the altitude of the Sun affects many topics in disciplines as diverse as astronomy, meteorology, navigation, or horology, such as the basis for seasons, determination of latitude and longitude, or…
[Hemoglobin and testosterone: importance on high altitude acclimatization and adaptation].
Gonzales, Gustavo F
The different types of response mechanisms that the organism uses when exposed to hypoxia include accommodation, acclimatization and adaptation. Accommodation is the initial response to acute exposure to high altitude hypoxia and is characterized by an increase in ventilation and heart rate. Acclimatization is observed in individuals temporarily exposed to high altitude, and to some extent, it enables them to tolerate the high altitudes. In this phase, erythropoiesis is increased, resulting in higher hemoglobin and hematocrit levels to improve oxygen delivery capacity. Adaptation is the process of natural acclimatization where genetical variations and acclimatization play a role in allowing subjects to live without any difficulties at high altitudes. Testosterone is a hormone that regulates erythropoiesis and ventilation and could be associated to the processes of acclimatization and adaptation to high altitude. Excessive erythrocytosis, which leads to chronic mountain sickness, is caused by low arterial oxygen saturation, ventilatory inefficiency and reduced ventilatory response to hypoxia. Testosterone increases during acute exposure to high altitude and also in natives at high altitude with excessive erythrocytosis. Results of current research allow us to conclude that increase in serum testosterone and hemoglobin is adequate for acclimatization, as they improve oxygen transport, but not for high altitude adaptation, since high serum testosterone levels are associated to excessive erythrocytosis.
Improving estimation of flight altitude in wildlife telemetry studies
Poessel, Sharon; Duerr, Adam E.; Hall, Jonathan C.; Braham, Melissa A.; Katzner, Todd
Altitude measurements from wildlife tracking devices, combined with elevation data, are commonly used to estimate the flight altitude of volant animals. However, these data often include measurement error. Understanding this error may improve estimation of flight altitude and benefit applied ecology.There are a number of different approaches that have been used to address this measurement error. These include filtering based on GPS data, filtering based on behaviour of the study species, and use of state-space models to correct measurement error. The effectiveness of these approaches is highly variable.Recent studies have based inference of flight altitude on misunderstandings about avian natural history and technical or analytical tools. In this Commentary, we discuss these misunderstandings and suggest alternative strategies both to resolve some of these issues and to improve estimation of flight altitude. These strategies also can be applied to other measures derived from telemetry data.Synthesis and applications. Our Commentary is intended to clarify and improve upon some of the assumptions made when estimating flight altitude and, more broadly, when using GPS telemetry data. We also suggest best practices for identifying flight behaviour, addressing GPS error, and using flight altitudes to estimate collision risk with anthropogenic structures. Addressing the issues we describe would help improve estimates of flight altitude and advance understanding of the treatment of error in wildlife telemetry studies.
Respiratory Muscle Training and Exercise Endurance at Altitude.
Helfer, Samuel; Quackenbush, Joseph; Fletcher, Michael; Pendergast, David R
Climbing and trekking at altitude are common recreational and military activities. Physiological effects of altitude are hypoxia and hyperventilation. The hyperventilatory response to altitude may cause respiratory muscle fatigue and reduce sustained submaximal exercise. Voluntary isocapnic hyperpnea respiratory muscle training (VIHT) improves exercise endurance at sea level and at depth. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that VIHT would improve exercise time at altitude [3600 m (11,811 ft)] compared to control and placebo groups. Subjects pedaled an ergometer until exhaustion at simulated altitude in a hypobaric chamber while noninvasive arterial saturation (Sao2), ventilation (VE), and oxygen consumption (Vo2) were measured. As expected, Sao2 decreased to 88 ± 4% saturation at rest and to 81 ± 2% during exercise, and was not affected by VIHT. VIHT resulted in a 40% increase in maximal training VE compared to pre-VIHT. Exercise endurance significantly increased 44% after VIHT (P = altitude post-VIHT increased more (49%) for longer (21 min) and decreased less (11% at 25.4 ± 6.7 min). VIHT improved exercise time at altitude and sustained VE. This suggests that VIHT reduced respiratory muscle fatigue and would be useful to trekkers and military personnel working at altitude. Helfer S, Quackenbush J, Fletcher M, Pendergast DR. Respiratory muscle training and exercise endurance at altitutde. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2016; 87(8):704-711.
Effect of high altitude cosmic irradiation upon cell generation time
Soleilhavoup, J.P.; Croute, F.; Tixador, R.; Blanquet, Y.; Planel, H.
Paramecia cultures placed at 3800 meter altitude show a proliferating activity acceleration compared to control cultures placed at low altitude under the same environment conditions. These results confirm the cosmic irradiation influence upon the activating effect produced by the natural ionizing radiations on living organisms [fr
Exercise and Training at Altitudes: Physiological Effects and Protocols
Olga Cecilia Vargas Pinilla
Full Text Available An increase in altitude leads to a proportional fall in the barometric pressure, and a decrease in atmospheric oxygen pressure, producing hypobaric hypoxia that affects, in different degrees, all body organs, systems and functions. The chronically reduced partial pressure of oxygen causes that individuals adapt and adjust to physiological stress. These adaptations are modulated by many factors, including the degree of hypoxia related to altitude, time of exposure, exercise intensity and individual conditions. It has been established that exposure to high altitude is an environmental stressor that elicits a response that contributes to many adjustments and adaptations that influence exercise capacity and endurance performance. These adaptations include in crease in hemoglobin concentration, ventilation, capillary density and tissue myoglobin concentration. However, a negative effect in strength and power is related to a decrease in muscle fiber size and body mass due to the decrease in the training intensity. Many researches aim at establishing how training or living at high altitudes affects performance in athletes. Training methods, such as living in high altitudes training low, and training high-living in low altitudes have been used to research the changes in the physical condition in athletes and how the physiological adaptations to hypoxia can enhanceperformance at sea level. This review analyzes the literature related to altitude training focused on how physiological adaptations to hypoxic environments influence performance, and which protocols are most frequently used to train in high altitudes.
Cold induced peripheral vasodilation at high altitudes- a field study
Daanen, H.A.M.; Ruiten, H.J.A. van
A significant reduction in cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) is observed at high altitudes. No agreement is found in the literature about acclimatization effects on CIVD. Two studies were performed to investigate the effect of altitude acclimatization on CIVD. In the first study 13 male subjects
Increase of cerebral blood flow at high altitude
Lassen, N A
but rather somewhat sharpened over five days at almost 4000 meters of altitude. This, along with other evidence, shows that CBF does not in itself adapt to chronic hypoxia. Nevertheless, a decrease in CBF is seen over days at constant altitude primarily due to increase in the hematocrit. The cerebral...
Timing the arrival at 2340m altitude for aerobic performance
Schuler, B; Thomsen, JJ; Gassmann, M
This study tested the hypothesis that maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and performance increase upon altitude acclimatization at moderate altitude. Eight elite cyclists were studied at sea level, and after 1 (Day 1), 7 (Day 7), 14 (Day 14) and 21 (Day 21) days of exposure to 2340Â m. Capillary blood...
Air to muscle O2 delivery during exercise at altitude
Calbet, J.A.; Lundby, C.
, diffusion limitation explains most of the additional Pao2-Pao2. With altitude, acclimatization exercise (Pao2-Pao2) is reduced, but does not reach the low values observed in high altitude natives, who possess an exceptionally high DLo2. Convective O2 transport depends on arterial O2 content (Cao2), cardiac...
AltitudeOmics: Resetting of cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity following acclimatization to high altitude
Jui-Lin eFan
Full Text Available Previous studies reported enhanced cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity upon ascent to high altitude using linear models. However, there is evidence that this response may be sigmoidal in nature. Moreover, it was speculated that these changes at high altitude are mediated by alterations in acid-base buffering. Accordingly, we reanalyzed previously published data to assess middle cerebral blood flow velocity (MCAv responses to modified rebreathing at sea level (SL, upon ascent (ALT1 and following 16 days of acclimatization (ALT16 to 5,260 m in 21 lowlanders. Using sigmoid curve fitting of the MCAv responses to CO2, we found the amplitude (95% vs. 129%, SL vs. ALT1, 95% confidence intervals (CI [77, 112], [111, 145], respectively, P=0.024 and the slope of the sigmoid response (4.5 vs. 7.5 %/mmHg, SL vs. ALT1, 95% CIs [3.1, 5.9], [6.0, 9.0], respectively, P=0.026 to be enhanced at ALT1, which persisted with acclimatization at ALT16 (amplitude: 177%, 95% CI [139, 215], P<0.001; slope: 10.3 %/mmHg, 95% CI [8.2, 12.5], P=0.003 compared to SL. Meanwhile, the sigmoidal response midpoint was unchanged at ALT1 (SL: 36.5 mmHg; ALT1: 35.4 mmHg, 95% CIs [34.0, 39.0], [33.1, 37.7], respectively, P=0.982, while it was reduced by ~7 mmHg at ALT16 (28.6 mmHg, 95% CI [26.4, 30.8], P=0.001 vs. SL, indicating leftward shift of the cerebrovascular CO2 response to a lower arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2 following acclimatization to altitude. Sigmoid fitting revealed a leftward shift in the midpoint of the cerebrovascular response curve which could not be observed with linear fitting. These findings demonstrate that there is resetting of the cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity operating point to a lower PaCO2 following acclimatization to high altitude. This cerebrovascular resetting is likely the result of an altered acid-base buffer status resulting from prolonged exposure to the severe hypocapnia associated with ventilatory acclimatization to high altitude.
Inland and Near Shore Water Profiles Derived from the High Altitude Multiple Altimeter Beam Experimental Lidar (MABEL)
Jasinski, Michael F.; Stoll, Jeremy D.; Cook, William B.; Ondrusek, Michael; Stengel, Eric; Brunt, Kelly
The Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) on the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat-2) mission is a six beam, low energy, high repetition rate, 532 nm laser transmitter with photon counting detectors. Although designed primarily for detecting height changes in icecaps, sea ice and vegetation, the polar-orbital satellite will observe global surface water during its designed three year life span, including inland water bodies, coasts, and open oceans. In preparation for the mission, an ICESat-2 prototype or the Multiple Altimeter Beam Experimental Lidar (MABEL), was built and flown on high altitude aircraft experiments over a range of inland and near-shore targets. The purpose was to test the ATLAS concept and to provide a database for developing an algorithm that detects along track surface water height and light penetration under a range of atmospheric and water conditions. The current analysis examines the datasets of three MABEL transects observed from 20 km above ground of coastal and inland waters conducted in 2012 and 2013. Transects ranged from about 2 to 12 km in length and included the middle Chesapeake Bay, the near shore Atlantic coast at Virginia Beach, and Lake Mead. Results indicate MABEL's high capability for retrieving surface water height statistics with a mean height precision of approximately 5-7 cm per 100m segment length. Profiles of attenuated subsurface backscatter, characterized using a Signal to Background Ratio written in Log10 base, or LSBR0, were observed over a range of 1.3 to 9.3 meters depending on water clarity and atmospheric background. Results indicate that observable penetration depth, although primarily dependent on water properties, was greatest when solar background rate was low. Near shore bottom reflectance was detected only at the Lake Mead site down to maximum of 10 m under a clear night sky and low turbidity of approximately 1.6 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU). The overall results suggest
Inland and Near-Shore Water Profiles Derived from the High-Altitude Multiple Altimeter Beam Experimental Lidar (MABEL)
The Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) on the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat-2) mission is a six beam, low energy, high repetition rate, 532-nanometer laser transmitter with photon counting detectors. Although designed primarily for detecting height changes in ice caps, sea ice, and vegetation, the polar-orbiting satellite will observe global surface water during its designed three-year life span, including inland waterbodies, coasts, and open oceans. In preparation for the mission, an ICESat-2 prototype, the Multiple Altimeter Beam Experimental Lidar (MABEL), was built and flown on high-altitude aircraft experiments over a range of inland and near-shore targets. The purpose was to test the ATLAS concept and to provide a database for developing an algorithm that detects along track surface water height and light penetration under a range of atmospheric and water conditions. The current analysis examines the data sets of three MABEL transects observed from 20 kilometers above ground of coastal and inland waters conducted in 2012 and 2013. Transects ranged from about 2 to 12 kilometers in length and included the middle Chesapeake Bay, the near-shore Atlantic coast at Virginia Beach, and Lake Mead. Results indicate MABEL's high capability for retrieving surface water height statistics with a mean height precision ofapproximately 5-7 centimeters per 100-meter segment length. Profiles of attenuated subsurface backscatter, characterized using a Signal to Background Ratio written in Log10 base, or LSBR (sub 0), were observed over a range of 1.3 to 9.3 meters, depending on water clarity and atmospheric background. Results indicate that observable penetration depth, although primarily dependent on water properties, was greatest when the solar background rate was low. Near-shore bottom reflectance was detected only at the Lake Mead site down to a maximum of 10 meters under a clear night sky and low turbidity of approximately 1
Early Assessment of VIIRS On-Orbit Calibration and Support Activities
Xiong, Xiaoxiong; Chiang, Kwofu; McIntire, Jeffrey; Oudrari, Hassan; Wu, Aisheng; Schwaller, Mathew; Butler, James
The Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite, formally the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Preparatory Project (NPP), provides a bridge between current and future low-Earth orbiting weather and environmental observation satellite systems. The NASA s NPP VIIRS Characterization Support Team (VCST) is designed to assess the long term geometric and radiometric performance of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument onboard the S-NPP spacecraft and to support NPP Science Team Principal Investigators (PI) for their independent evaluation of VIIRS Environmental Data Records (EDRs). This paper provides an overview of Suomi NPP VIIRS on-orbit calibration activities and examples of sensor initial on-orbit performance. It focuses on the radiometric calibration support activities and capabilities provided by the NASA VCST.
Low-Altitude Operation of Unmanned Rotorcraft
Scherer, Sebastian
Currently deployed unmanned rotorcraft rely on preplanned missions or teleoperation and do not actively incorporate information about obstacles, landing sites, wind, position uncertainty, and other aerial vehicles during online motion planning. Prior work has successfully addressed some tasks such as obstacle avoidance at slow speeds, or landing at known to be good locations. However, to enable autonomous missions in cluttered environments, the vehicle has to react quickly to previously unknown obstacles, respond to changing environmental conditions, and find unknown landing sites. We consider the problem of enabling autonomous operation at low-altitude with contributions to four problems. First we address the problem of fast obstacle avoidance for a small aerial vehicle and present results from over a 1000 rims at speeds up to 10 m/s. Fast response is achieved through a reactive algorithm whose response is learned based on observing a pilot. Second, we show an algorithm to update the obstacle cost expansion for path planning quickly and demonstrate it on a micro aerial vehicle, and an autonomous helicopter avoiding obstacles. Next, we examine the mission of finding a place to land near a ground goal. Good landing sites need to be detected and found and the final touch down goal is unknown. To detect the landing sites we convey a model based algorithm for landing sites that incorporates many helicopter relevant constraints such as landing sites, approach, abort, and ground paths in 3D range data. The landing site evaluation algorithm uses a patch-based coarse evaluation for slope and roughness, and a fine evaluation that fits a 3D model of the helicopter and landing gear to calculate a goodness measure. The data are evaluated in real-time to enable the helicopter to decide on a place to land. We show results from urban, vegetated, and desert environments, and demonstrate the first autonomous helicopter that selects its own landing sites. We present a generalized
Lunar Topography: Results from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter
Neumann, Gregory; Smith, David E.; Zuber, Maria T.; Mazarico, Erwan
The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) onboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) has been operating nearly continuously since July 2009, accumulating over 6 billion measurements from more than 2 billion in-orbit laser shots. LRO's near-polar orbit results in very high data density in the immediate vicinity of the lunar poles, with full coverage at the equator from more than 12000 orbital tracks averaging less than 1 km in spacing at the equator. LRO has obtained a global geodetic model of the lunar topography with 50-meter horizontal and 1-m radial accuracy in a lunar center-of-mass coordinate system, with profiles of topography at 20-m horizontal resolution, and 0.1-m vertical precision. LOLA also provides measurements of reflectivity and surface roughness down to its 5-m laser spot size. With these data LOLA has measured the shape of all lunar craters 20 km and larger. In the proposed extended mission commencing late in 2012, LOLA will concentrate observations in the Southern Hemisphere, improving the density of the polar coverage to nearly 10-m pixel resolution and accuracy to better than 20 m total position error. Uses for these data include mission planning and targeting, illumination studies, geodetic control of images, as well as lunar geology and geophysics. Further improvements in geodetic accuracy are anticipated from the use of re ned gravity fields after the successful completion of the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission in 2012.
Workshop on polarized neutron filters and polarized pulsed neutron experiments
Itoh, Shinichi
The workshop was held in KEK by thirty-three participants on April 26, 2004. The polarized neutron filter method was only discussed. It consists of three parts; the first part was discussed on the polarized neutron methods, the second part on the polarized neutron experiments and the third on the pulse neutron spectrometer and polarized neutron experiments. The six papers were presented such as the polarized 3 He neutron spin filter, neutron polarization by proton polarized filter, soft master and neutron scattering, polarized neutron in solid physics, polarization experiments by chopper spectroscope and neutron polarization system in superHRPD. (S.Y.)
Local orbitals by minimizing powers of the orbital variance
Jansik, Branislav; Høst, Stinne; Kristensen, Kasper
's correlation consistent basis sets, it is seen that for larger penalties, the virtual orbitals become more local than the occupied ones. We also show that the local virtual HF orbitals are significantly more local than the redundant projected atomic orbitals, which often have been used to span the virtual...
O+ trough zones in the polar cap ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling region
Horwitz, James; Zeng, Wen; Jaafari, Fajer
Regions of low-density troughs in O+ have been observed at 1 RE altitude in the polar cap ionosphere-magnetosphere region by the Thermal Ion Dynamics Experiment(TIDE) on the POLAR spacecraft. In this presentation, the UT Arlington Dynamic Fluid-Kinetic (DyFK) code is employed to investigate the formation of such O+ density troughs. We utilize convection paths of flux tubes in the high-latitude region as prescribed by an empirical convection model with solar wind inputs to track the evolution of ionospheric plasma transport and in particular O+ densities along these tubes with time/space. The flux tubes are subjected to auroral processes of precipitation and wave-driven ion heating when they pass through the auroral oval, which tends to elevate the plasma densities in these tubes. When the F-regions of such tubes traverse locations where the F-region is in darkness, recombination there causes the higher-altitude regions to drain and the densities to decline throughout. Owing to the varying effects of these processes, significant and low trough-like densities at higher altitudes developed along these flux tubes. The modeled densities near 6000 km altitudes will be compared with multiple POLAR passes featuring POLAR/TIDE-measured O+ densities for inside and outside of such trough regions.
GOC: General Orbit Code
Maddox, L.B.; McNeilly, G.S.
GOC (General Orbit Code) is a versatile program which will perform a variety of calculations relevant to isochronous cyclotron design studies. In addition to the usual calculations of interest (e.g., equilibrium and accelerated orbits, focusing frequencies, field isochronization, etc.), GOC has a number of options to calculate injections with a charge change. GOC provides both printed and plotted output, and will follow groups of particles to allow determination of finite-beam properties. An interactive PDP-10 program called GIP, which prepares input data for GOC, is available. GIP is a very easy and convenient way to prepare complicated input data for GOC. Enclosed with this report are several microfiche containing source listings of GOC and other related routines and the printed output from a multiple-option GOC run
Intriguing radiation signatures at aviation altitudes
Tobiska, W. K.
The Automated Radiation Measurements for Aerospace Safety (ARMAS) project captures absorbed dose in Si with a fleet of 6 instruments on research aircraft. These dose rates are then converted to an effective dose rate. Over 325 flights since 2013 have captured global radiation at nearly all altitudes and latitudes. The radiation is predominantly caused by atmospheric neutrons and protons from galactic cosmic rays (GCRs). We have not yet obtained dose from solar energetic particle (SEP) events, which are rather rare. On 13 flights we have also measured dose rates that are up to twice the GCR background for approximately a half an hour per event while flying at higher magnetic latitudes near 60 degrees. The timing of the radiation appears to be coincident with periods of mild geomagnetic disturbances while flying above 10 km at L-shells of 3 to 6. The radiation source is best modeled as secondary gamma-ray photons caused by precipitating ultra-relativistic electrons from the outer Van Allen radiation belt originating as loss cone electrons scattered by electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves. We describe the observations and the lines of evidence for this intriguing new radiation source relevant to aviation crew and frequent flyers.
Orbital debris: a technical assessment
Committee on Space Debris, National Research Council
..., and other debris created as a byproduct of space operations. Orbital Debris examines the methods we can use to characterize orbital debris, estimates the magnitude of the debris population, and assesses the hazard that this population poses to spacecraft...
Centrifugal acceleration of the polar wind
Horwitz, J. L.; Ho, C. W.; Scarbro, H. D.; Wilson, G. R.; Moore, T. E.
The effect of parallel ion acceleration associated with convection was first applied to energization of test particle polar ions by Cladis (1986). However, this effect is typically neglected in 'self-consistent' models of polar plasma outflow, apart from the fluid simulation by Swift (1990). Here we include approximations for this acceleration, which we broadly characterize as centrifugal in nature, in our time-dependent, semikinetic model of polar plasma outflow and describe the effects on the bulk parameter profiles and distribution functions of H+ and O+. For meridional convection across the pole the approximate parallel force along a polar magnetic field line may be written as F(sub cent, pole) = 1.5m(E(sub i))/B(sub i))squared (r(squared)/r(sup 3)(sub i)) where m is ion mass, r is geometric distance; and E(sub i), B(sub i) and r(sub i) refer to the electric and magnetic field magnitudes and geocentric distance at the ionosphere, respectively. For purely longitudinal convection along a constant L shell the parallel force is F(cent. long) = F(sub cent, pole)(1 - (r/(r(sub i)L))(sup 3/2)/(1 - 3r/(4 r(sub i)L))(sup 5/2). For high latitudes the difference between these two cases is relatively unimportant below approximately 5 R(sub E). We find that the steady state O+ bulk velocities and parallel temperatures strongly increase and decrease, respectively, with convection strength. In particular, the bulk velocities increase from near 0 km/s at 4000 km altitude to approximately 10 km/s at 5 R(sub E) geocentric distance for 50-mV/m ionospheric convection electric field. However, the centrifugal effect on the steady O+ density profiles depends on the exobase ion and electron temperatures: for low-base temperatures (T(sub i) = T(sub e) = 3000 K) the O+ density at high altitudes increases greatly with convection, while for higher base temperatures (T(sub i) = 5000 K, T(sub e) = 9000 K), the high-altitude O+ density decreases somewhat as convection is enhanced. The
Light-induced spin polarizations in quantum rings
Joibari, F.K.; Blanter, Y.M.; Bauer, G.E.W.
Nonresonant circularly polarized electromagnetic radiation can exert torques on magnetizations by the inverse Faraday effect (IFE). Here, we discuss the enhancement of IFE by spin-orbit interactions. We illustrate the principle by studying a simple generic model system, i.e., the
Progress in measurement and understanding of beam polarization in electron positron storage rings
Barber, D.P.; Bremer, H.D.; Kewisch, J.; Lewin, H.C.; Limberg, T.; Mais, H.; Ripken, G.; Rossmanith, R.; Schmidt, R.
A report is presented on the status of attempts to obtain and measure spin polarization in electron-positron storage rings. Experimental results are presented and their relationship to predictions of calculations discussed. Examples of methods for decoupling orbital and spin motion and thus improving polarization are discussed. (orig.)
Non-perturbative calculation of equilibrium polarization of stored electron beams
Yokoya, Kaoru.
Stored electron/positron beams polarize spontaneously owing to the spin-flip synchrotron radiation. In the existing computer codes, the degree of the equilibrium polarization has been calculated using perturbation expansions in terms of the orbital oscillation amplitudes. In this paper a new numerical method is presented which does not employ the perturbation expansion. (author)
The HERA polarimeter and the first observation of electron spin polarization at HERA
Barber, D.P.; Bremer, H.D.; Boege, M.; Brinkmann, R.; Gianfelice-Wendt, E.; Kaiser, H.; Klanner, R.; Lewin, H.C.; Meyners, N.; Vogel, W.; Brueckner, W.; Buescher, C.; Dueren, M.; Gaul, H.G.; Muecklich, A.; Neunreither, F.; Rith, K.; Scholz, C.; Steffens, E.; Veltri, M.; Wander, W.; Zapfe, K.; Zetsche, F.; Chapman, M.; Milner, R.; Coulter, K.; Delheij, P.P.J.; Haeusser, O.; Henderson, R.; Levy, P.; Vetterli, M.; Gressmann, H.; Janke, T.; Micheel, B.; Westphal, D.; Kaiser, R.; Losev, L.; Nowak, W.D.
Electron spin polarizations of about 8% were observed at HERA in November 1991. In runs during 1992 utilizing special orbit corrections, polarization values close to 60% have been achieved. In this paper the polarimeter, the machine conditions, the data analysis, the first results and plans for future measurements are described. (orig.)
Orbiter OMS and RCS technology
Boudreaux, R. A.
Orbiter Orbital Maneuver Subsystem (OMS) and Reaction Control Subsystem (RCS) tankage has proved to be highly successful in shuttle flights on-orbit propellant transfer tests were done. Tank qualification tests along with flight demonstrations were carried out future uses of storable propellants are cited.
Respiratory Muscle Training and Cognitive Function Exercising at Altitude.
Quackenbush, Joseph; Duquin, Aubrey; Helfer, Samuel; Pendergast, David R
Hiking and trekking often occur at altitudes up to 12,000 ft altitude. The hypoxia-induced hyperventilation at altitude paradoxically reduces arterial CO2 (Paco2). A reduction in Paco2 results in vasoconstriction of the blood vessels of the brain and thus in local hypoxia. The local hypoxia likely affects cognitive function, which may result in reduced performance and altitude accidents. Recent publications have demonstrated that voluntary isocapnic hyperventilatory training of the respiratory muscles (VIHT) can markedly enhance exercise endurance as it is associated with reduced ventilation and its energy cost. VIHT may be useful in blunting the altitude-induced hyperventilation leading to higher Paco2 and improved cognitive function. This study examined the effects of VIHT, compared to control (C) and placebo (PVIHT) groups, on selected measures of executive functioning, including working memory and processing speed (i.e., Stroop Test, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, and Digit Span Forward) at simulated altitude up to 12,000 ft. Associated physiological parameters were also measured. The Digit Span Forward Test did not show improvements after VIHT in any group. The VIHT group, but not C or PVIHT groups, improved significantly (17-30%) on the Stroop Test. Similarly the VIHT group, but not the C and PVIHT groups, improved correct responses (26%) and number of attempts (24%) on the Symbol Digit Modalities Test. In addition, reaction time was also improved (16%). VIHT improved processing speed and working memory during exercise at altitude.
DLR HABLEG- High Altitude Balloon Launched Experimental Glider
Wlach, S.; Schwarzbauch, M.; Laiacker, M.
The group Flying Robots at the DLR Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics in Oberpfaffenhofen conducts research on solar powered high altitude aircrafts. Due to the high altitude and the almost infinite mission duration, these platforms are also denoted as High Altitude Pseudo-Satellites (HAPS). This paper highlights some aspects of the design, building, integration and testing of a flying experimental platform for high altitudes. This unmanned aircraft, with a wingspan of 3 m and a mass of less than 10 kg, is meant to be launched as a glider from a high altitude balloon in 20 km altitude and shall investigate technologies for future large HAPS platforms. The aerodynamic requirements for high altitude flight included the development of a launch method allowing for a safe transition to horizontal flight from free-fall with low control authority. Due to the harsh environmental conditions in the stratosphere, the integration of electronic components in the airframe is a major effort. For regulatory reasons a reliable and situation dependent flight termination system had to be implemented. In May 2015 a flight campaign was conducted. The mission was a full success demonstrating that stratospheric research flights are feasible with rather small aircrafts.
Multiphoton polarization Bremsstrahlung effect
Golovinskij, P.A.
A general approach to induced polarization effects was formulated on the basis of theory of many particles in a strong periodic field. Correlation with the perturbation theory is shown and the types of effective polarization potentials both for isolated atoms and ions, and for ions in plasma, are provided. State of art in the theory of forced polarization Bremsstrahlung effect is analyzed and some outlooks for further experimental and theoretical studies are outlined [ru
Interaction between subdaily Earth rotation parameters and GPS orbits
Panafidina, Natalia; Seitz, Manuela; Hugentobler, Urs
In processing GPS observations the geodetic parameters like station coordinates and ERPs (Earth rotation parameters) are estimated w.r.t. the celestial reference system realized by the satellite orbits. The interactions/correlations between estimated GPS orbis and other parameters may lead to numerical problems with the solution and introduce systematic errors in the computed values: the well known correlations comprise 1) the correlation between the orbital parameters determining the orientation of the orbital plane in inertial space and the nutation and 2) in the case of estimating ERPs with subdaily resolution the correlation between retrograde diurnal polar motion and nutation (and so the respective orbital elements). In this contribution we study the interaction between the GPS orbits and subdaily model for the ERPs. Existing subdaily ERP model recommended by the IERS comprises ~100 terms in polar motion and ~70 terms in Universal Time at diurnal and semidiurnal tidal periods. We use a long time series of daily normal equation systems (NEQ) obtaine from GPS observations from 1994 till 2007 where the ERPs with 1-hour resolution are transformed into tidal terms and the influence of the tidal terms with different frequencies on the estimated orbital parameters is considered. We found that although there is no algebraic correlation in the NEQ between the individual orbital parameters and the tidal terms, the changes in the amplitudes of tidal terms with periods close to 24 hours can be better accmodated by systematic changes in the orbital parameters than for tidal terms with other periods. Since the variation in Earth rotation with the period of siderial day (23.93h, tide K1) in terrestrial frame has in inertial space the same period as the period of revolution of GPS satellites, the K1 tidal term in polar motion is seen by the satellites as a permanent shift. The tidal terms with close periods (from ~24.13h to ~23.80h) are seen as a slow rotation of the
Polarization Smoothing Generalized MUSIC Algorithm with Polarization Sensitive Array for Low Angle Estimation.
Tan, Jun; Nie, Zaiping
Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation of low-altitude targets is difficult due to the multipath coherent interference from the ground reflection image of the targets, especially for very high frequency (VHF) radars, which have antennae that are severely restricted in terms of aperture and height. The polarization smoothing generalized multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm, which combines polarization smoothing and generalized MUSIC algorithm for polarization sensitive arrays (PSAs), was proposed to solve this problem in this paper. Firstly, the polarization smoothing pre-processing was exploited to eliminate the coherence between the direct and the specular signals. Secondly, we constructed the generalized MUSIC algorithm for low angle estimation. Finally, based on the geometry information of the symmetry multipath model, the proposed algorithm was introduced to convert the two-dimensional searching into one-dimensional searching, thus reducing the computational burden. Numerical results were provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, showing that the proposed algorithm has significantly improved angle estimation performance in the low-angle area compared with the available methods, especially when the grazing angle is near zero.
Application of altitude/hypoxic training by elite athletes.
At the Olympic level, differences in performance are typically less than 0.5%. This helps explain why many contemporary elite endurance athletes in summer and winter sport incorporate some form of altitude/hypoxic training within their year-round training plan, believing that it will provide the "competitive edge" to succeed at the Olympic level. The purpose of this paper is to describe the practical application of altitude/hypoxic training as used by elite athletes. Within the general framework of the paper, both anecdotal and scientific evidence will be presented relative to the efficacy of several contemporary altitude/hypoxic training models and devices currently used by Olympic-level athletes for the purpose of legally enhancing performance. These include the three primary altitude/hypoxic training models: 1) live high+train high (LH+TH), 2) live high+train low (LH+TL), and 3) live low+train high (LL+TH). The LH+TL model will be examined in detail and will include its various modifications: natural/terrestrial altitude, simulated altitude via nitrogen dilution or oxygen filtration, and hypobaric normoxia via supplemental oxygen. A somewhat opposite approach to LH+TL is the altitude/hypoxic training strategy of LL+TH, and data regarding its efficacy will be presented. Recently, several of these altitude/hypoxic training strategies and devices underwent critical review by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) for the purpose of potentially banning them as illegal performance-enhancing substances/methods. This paper will conclude with an update on the most recent statement from WADA regarding the use of simulated altitude devices.
Polarization of Be stars
Johns, M.W.
Linear polarization of starlight may be produced by electron scattering in the extended atmospheres of early type stars. Techniques are investigated for the measurement and interpretation of this polarization. Polarimetric observations were made of twelve visual double star systems in which at least one member was a B type star as a means of separating the intrinsic stellar polarization from the polarization produced in the interstellar medium. Four of the double stars contained a Be star. Evidence for intrinsic polarization was found in five systems including two of the Be systems, one double star with a short period eclipsing binary, and two systems containing only normal early type stars for which emission lines have not been previously reported. The interpretation of these observations in terms of individual stellar polarizations and their wavelength dependence is discussed. The theoretical basis for the intrinsic polarization of early type stars is explored with a model for the disk-like extended atmospheres of Be stars. Details of a polarimeter for the measurement of the linear polarization of astronomical point sources are also presented with narrow band (Δ lambda = 100A) measurements of the polarization of γ Cas from lambda 4000 to lambda 5800
Polarization at SLC
Swartz, M.L.
The SLAC Linear Collider has been designed to readily accommodate polarized electron beams. Considerable effort has been made to implement a polarized source, a spin rotation system, and a system to monitor the beam polarization. Nearly all major components have been fabricated. At the current time, several source and polarimeter components have been installed. The installation and commissioning of the entire system will take place during available machine shutdown periods as the commissioning of SLC progresses. It is expected that a beam polarization of 45% will be achieved with no loss in luminosity. 13 refs., 15 figs
Altitude Training in Elite Swimmers for Sea Level Performance (Altitude Project).
RodrÃguez, Ferran A; Iglesias, Xavier; Feriche, Belén; Calderón-Soto, Carmen; Chaverri, Diego; Wachsmuth, Nadine B; Schmidt, Walter; Levine, Benjamin D
This controlled, nonrandomized, parallel-groups trial investigated the effects on performance, V˙O2 and hemoglobin mass (tHbmass) of four preparatory in-season training interventions: living and training at moderate altitude for 3 and 4 wk (Hi-Hi3, Hi-Hi), living high and training high and low (Hi-HiLo, 4 wk), and living and training at sea level (SL) (Lo-Lo, 4 wk). From 61 elite swimmers, 54 met all inclusion criteria and completed time trials over 50- and 400-m crawl (TT50, TT400), and 100 (sprinters) or 200 m (nonsprinters) at best stroke (TT100/TT200). Maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) and HR were measured with an incremental 4 × 200 m test. Training load was estimated using cumulative training impulse method and session RPE. Initial measures (PRE) were repeated immediately (POST) and once weekly on return to SL (PostW1 to PostW4). tHbmass was measured in duplicate at PRE and once weekly during the camp with CO rebreathing. Effects were analyzed using mixed linear modeling. TT100 or TT200 was worse or unchanged immediately at POST, but improved by approximately 3.5% regardless of living or training at SL or altitude after at least 1 wk of SL recovery. Hi-HiLo achieved greater improvement 2 (5.3%) and 4 wk (6.3%) after the camp. Hi-HiLo also improved more in TT400 and TT50 2 (4.2% and 5.2%, respectively) and 4 wk (4.7% and 5.5%) from return. This performance improvement was not linked linearly to changes in V˙O2max or tHbmass. A well-implemented 3- or 4-wk training camp may impair performance immediately but clearly improves performance even in elite swimmers after a period of SL recovery. Hi-HiLo for 4 wk improves performance in swimming above and beyond altitude and SL controls through complex mechanisms involving altitude living and SL training effects.
Spin-polarized gapped Dirac spectrum of unsupported silicene
Podsiadły-Paszkowska, A., E-mail: agata.podsiadly@gmail.com; Krawiec, M., E-mail: mariusz.krawiec@umcs.pl
Highlights: • Effects of spin–orbit interaction and atomic reconstruction of silicene on its electronic properties have been studied. • Spin-polarized gapped Dirac spectrum has been revealed. • Two different AFM phases have been obtained. - Abstract: We study effects of the spin–orbit interaction and the atomic reconstruction of silicene on its electronic spectrum. As an example we consider unsupported silicene pulled off from Pb(111) substrate. Using first principles density functional theory we show that the inversion symmetry broken arrangement of atoms and the spin–orbit interaction generate a spin-polarized electronic spectrum with an energy gap in the Dirac cone. These findings are particularly interesting in view of the quantum anomalous and quantum valley Hall effects and should be observable in weakly interacting silicene-substrate systems.
Altitude training considerations for the winter sport athlete.
Chapman, Robert F; Stickford, Jonathon L; Levine, Benjamin D
Winter sports events routinely take place at low to moderate altitudes, and nearly all Winter Olympic Games have had at least one venue at an altitude >1000 m. The acute and chronic effects of altitude can have a substantial effect on performance outcomes. Acutely, the decline in oxygen delivery to working muscle decreases maximal oxygen uptake, negatively affecting performance in endurance events, such as cross-country skiing and biathlon. The reduction in air resistance at altitude can dramatically affect sports involving high velocities and technical skill components, such as ski jumping, speed skating, figure skating and ice hockey. Dissociation between velocity and sensations usually associated with work intensity (ventilation, metabolic signals in skeletal muscle and heart rate) may impair pacing strategy and make it difficult to determine optimal race pace. For competitions taking place at altitude, a number of strategies may be useful, depending on the altitude of residence of the athlete and ultimate competition altitude, as follows. First, allow extra time and practice (how much is yet undetermined) for athletes to adjust to the changes in projectile motion; hockey, shooting, figure skating and ski jumping may be particularly affected. These considerations apply equally in the reverse direction; that is, for athletes practising at altitude but competing at sea level. Second, allow time for acclimatization for endurance sports: 3-5 days if possible, especially for low altitude (500-2000 m); 1-2 weeks for moderate altitude (2000-3000 m); and at least 2 weeks if possible for high altitude (>3000 m). Third, increase exercise-recovery ratios as much as possible, with 1:3 ratio probably optimal, and consider more frequent substitutions for sports where this is allowed, such as ice hockey. Fourth, consider the use of supplemental O(2) on the sideline (ice hockey) or in between heats (skating and Alpine skiing) to facilitate recovery. For competitions at sea
Oxidative stress and the high altitude environment
Jakub Krzeszowiak
Full Text Available In the recent years there has been considerable interest in mountain sports, including mountaineering, owing to the general availability of climbing clothing and equipment as well trainings and professional literature. This raised a new question for the environmental and mountain medicine: Is mountaineering harmful to health? Potential hazards include the conditions existing in the alpine environment, i.e. lower atmospheric pressure leading to the development of hypobaric hypoxia, extreme physical effort, increased UV radiation, lack of access to fresh food, and mental stress. A reasonable measure of harmfulness of these factors is to determine the increase in the level of oxidative stress. Alpine environment can stimulate the antioxidant enzyme system but under specific circumstances it may exceed its capabilities with simultaneous consumption of low-molecular antioxidants resulting in increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS. This situation is referred to as oxidative stress. Rapid and uncontrolled proliferation of reactive oxygen species leads to a number of adverse changes, resulting in the above-average damage to the lipid structures of cell membranes (peroxidation, proteins (denaturation, and nucleic acids. Such situation within the human body cannot take place without resultant systemic consequences. This explains the malaise of people returning from high altitude and a marked decrease in their physical fitness. In addition, a theory is put forward that the increase in the level of oxidative stress is one of the factors responsible for the onset of acute mountain sickness (AMS. However, such statement requires further investigation because the currently available literature is inconclusive. This article presents the causes and effects of development of oxidative stress in the high mountains.
Determination of polar cusp position by low-energy particle measurements made aboard AUREOLE satellite
Gladyshev, V.A.; Jorjio, M.V.; Shuiskaya, F.K.; Crasnier, J.; Sauvaud, J.A.
The Franco-Soviet experiment ARCAD, launched aboard the satellite AUREOLE December 27, 1971, has verified the existence of a particle penetration from the transition zone up to ionospheric altitudes across the polar cusp. The polar cusp is characterized by proton fluxes >10 7 particles/(cm 2 .s.sr.KeV) at 0.5KeV, with energy spectra similar to those in the transition zone. The position and form of the polar cusp are studied from measurements of protons in the range 0.4 to 30KeV during geomagnetically quiet periods (Kp [fr
Planetary science. Low-altitude magnetic field measurements by MESSENGER reveal Mercury's ancient crustal field.
Johnson, Catherine L; Phillips, Roger J; Purucker, Michael E; Anderson, Brian J; Byrne, Paul K; Denevi, Brett W; Feinberg, Joshua M; Hauck, Steven A; Head, James W; Korth, Haje; James, Peter B; Mazarico, Erwan; Neumann, Gregory A; Philpott, Lydia C; Siegler, Matthew A; Tsyganenko, Nikolai A; Solomon, Sean C
Magnetized rocks can record the history of the magnetic field of a planet, a key constraint for understanding its evolution. From orbital vector magnetic field measurements of Mercury taken by the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft at altitudes below 150 kilometers, we have detected remanent magnetization in Mercury's crust. We infer a lower bound on the average age of magnetization of 3.7 to 3.9 billion years. Our findings indicate that a global magnetic field driven by dynamo processes in the fluid outer core operated early in Mercury's history. Ancient field strengths that range from those similar to Mercury's present dipole field to Earth-like values are consistent with the magnetic field observations and with the low iron content of Mercury's crust inferred from MESSENGER elemental composition data. Copyright © 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Nonequilibrium Radiation Aerothermodynamics of the Command Modulus of Apollo 4 at Altitudes above 75 km
Surzhikov, S. T.
The problem of the radiation gas dynamics of super-orbital entry into dense layers of the Earth's atmosphere of the command module of Apollo 4 is solved numerically in the two-dimensional formulation of the flow around an aerodynamic frontal shield at the velocity V∞= 10.7 km/s in the altitude range H = 91.5‒76.2 km. The density distributions of the spectral and integral radiation heat fluxes on the surface flowed around are obtained. The considerable role of atomic spectral lines in the radiation heating of the surface is shown. The results of calculations are compared with the flight experimental data and the calculated data of other authors.
Photo-Induced Electron Spin Polarization in a Narrow Band Gap Semiconductor Nanostructure
Peter, A. John; Lee, Chang Woo
Photo-induced spin dependent electron transmission through a narrow gap InSb/InGa x Sb 1−x semiconductor symmetric well is theoretically studied using transfer matrix formulism. The transparency of electron transmission is calculated as a function of electron energy for different concentrations of gallium. Enhanced spin-polarized photon assisted resonant tunnelling in the heterostructure due to Dresselhaus and Rashba spin-orbit coupling induced splitting of the resonant level and compressed spin-polarization are observed. Our results show that Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling is dominant for the photon effect and the computed polarization efficiency increases with the photon effect and the gallium concentration
Valley polarization in magnetically doped single-layer transition-metal dichalcogenides
We demonstrate that valley polarization can be induced and controlled in semiconducting single-layer transition-metal dichalcogenides by magnetic doping, which is important for spintronics, valleytronics, and photonics devices. As an example, we investigate Mn-doped MoS2 by first-principles calculations. We study how the valley polarization depends on the strength of the spin orbit coupling and the exchange interaction and discuss how it can be controlled by magnetic doping. Valley polarization by magnetic doping is also expected for other honeycomb materials with strong spin orbit coupling and the absence of inversion symmetry.
Quantifying the importance of orbital over spin correlations in delta-Pu within density-functional theory
Soderlind, P
The electronic structure of plutonium is studied within the density-functional theory (DFT) model. Key features of the electronic structure are correctly modeled and bonding, total energy, and electron density of states are all consistent with measure data, although the prediction of magnetism is not consistent with many observations. Here we analyze the contributions to the electronic structure arising from spin polarization, orbital polarization, and spin-orbit interaction. These effects give rise to spin and orbital moments that are of nearly equal magnitude, but anti-parallel, suggesting a magnetic-moment cancellation with a zero total moment. Quantifying the spin versus orbital effects on the bonding, total energy, and electron spectra it becomes clear that the spin polarization is much less important than the orbital correlations. Consequently, a restricted DFT approach with a non-spin polarized electronic structure can produce reasonable equation-of-state and electron spectra for (delta)-Pu when the orbital effects are accounted for. Hence, we present two non-magnetic models. One in which the spin moment is canceled by the orbital moment and another in which the spin moment (and therefore the orbital moment) is restricted to zero
Low earth orbit radiation dose distribution in a phantom head
Konradi, A.; Badhwar, G.D.; Cash, B.L.; Hardy, K.A.
In order to compare analytical methods with data obtained during exposure to space radiation, a phantom head instrumented with a large number of radiation detectors was flown on the Space Shuttle on three occasions: 8 August 1989 (STS-28), 28 February 1990 (STS-36), and 24 April 1990 (STS-31). The objective of this experiment was to obtain a measurement of the inhomogeneity in the dose distribution within a phantom head volume. The orbits of these missions were complementary-STS-28 and STS-36 had high inclination and low altitude, while STS-31 had a low inclination and high altitude. In the cases of STS-28 and STS-36, the main contribution to the radiation dose comes from galactic cosmic rays (GCR) with a minor to negligible part supplied by the inner belt through the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), and for STS-28 an even smaller one from a proton enhancement during a solar flare-associated proton event. For STS-31, the inner belt protons dominate and the GCR contribution is almost negligible. The internal dose distribution is consistent with the mass distribution of the orbiter and the self-shielding and physical location of the phantom head. (author)
Orbit Propagation and Determination of Low Earth Orbit Satellites
Ho-Nien Shou
Full Text Available This paper represents orbit propagation and determination of low Earth orbit (LEO satellites. Satellite global positioning system (GPS configured receiver provides position and velocity measures by navigating filter to get the coordinates of the orbit propagation (OP. The main contradictions in real-time orbit which is determined by the problem are orbit positioning accuracy and the amount of calculating two indicators. This paper is dedicated to solving the problem of tradeoffs. To plan to use a nonlinear filtering method for immediate orbit tasks requires more precise satellite orbit state parameters in a short time. Although the traditional extended Kalman filter (EKF method is widely used, its linear approximation of the drawbacks in dealing with nonlinear problems was especially evident, without compromising Kalman filter (unscented Kalman Filter, UKF. As a new nonlinear estimation method, it is measured at the estimated measurements on more and more applications. This paper will be the first study on UKF microsatellites in LEO orbit in real time, trying to explore the real-time precision orbit determination techniques. Through the preliminary simulation results, they show that, based on orbit mission requirements and conditions using UKF, they can satisfy the positioning accuracy and compute two indicators.
Mission Analysis and Orbit Control of Interferometric Wheel Formation Flying
Fourcade, J.
Flying satellite in formation requires maintaining the specific relative geometry of the spacecraft with high precision. This requirement raises new problem of orbit control. This paper presents the results of the mission analysis of a low Earth observation system, the interferometric wheel, patented by CNES. This wheel is made up of three receiving spacecraft, which follow an emitting Earth observation radar satellite. The first part of this paper presents trades off which were performed to choose orbital elements of the formation flying which fulfils all constraints. The second part presents orbit positioning strategies including reconfiguration of the wheel to change its size. The last part describes the station keeping of the formation. Two kinds of constraints are imposed by the interferometric system : a constraint on the distance between the wheel and the radar satellite, and constraints on the distance between the wheel satellites. The first constraint is fulfilled with a classical chemical station keeping strategy. The second one is fulfilled using pure passive actuators. Due to the high stability of the relative eccentricity of the formation, only the relative semi major axis had to be controlled. Differential drag due to differential attitude motion was used to control relative altitude. An autonomous orbit controller was developed and tested. The final accuracy is a relative station keeping better than few meters for a wheel size of one kilometer.
Low and middle altitude cusp particle signatures for general magnetopause reconnection rate variations. 1: Theory
Lockwood, M.; Smith, M. F.
We present predictions of the signatures of magnetosheath particle precipitation (in the regions classified as open low-latitude boundary layer, cusp, mantle and polar cap) for periods when the interplanetary magnetic field has a southward component. These are made using the 'pulsating cusp' model of the effects of time-varying magnetic reconnection at the dayside magnetopause. Predictions are made for both low-altitude satellites in the topside ionosphere and for midaltitude spacecraft in the magnetosphere. Low-altitude cusp signatures, which show a continuous ion dispersion signature, reveal 'quasi-steady reconnection' (one limit of the pulsating cusp model), which persists for a period of at least 10 min. We estimate that 'quasi-steady' in this context corresponds to fluctuations in the reconnection rate of a factor of 2 or less. The other limit of the pulsating cusp model explains the instantaneous jumps in the precipitating ion spectrum that have been observed at low altitudes. Such jumps are produced by isolated pulses of reconnection: that is, they are separated by intervals when the reconnection rate is zero. These also generate convecting patches on the magnetopause in which the field lines thread the boundary via a rotational discontinuity separated by more extensive regions of tangential discontinuity. Predictions of the corresponding ion precipitation signatures seen by midaltitude spacecraft are presented. We resolve the apparent contradiction between estimates of the width of the injection region from midaltitude data and the concept of continuous entry of solar wind plasma along open field lines. In addition, we reevaluate the use of pitch angle-energy dispersion to estimate the injection distance.
TRANSVERSELY POLARIZED Λ PRODUCTION
BORER, D.
Transversely polarized Λ production in hard scattering processes is discussed in terms of a leading twist T-odd fragmentation function which describes the fragmentation of an unpolarized quark into a transversely polarized Λ. We focus on the properties of this function and its relevance for the RHIC and HERMES experiments
Our Polar Past
Clary, Renee; Wandersee, James
The study of polar exploration is fascinating and offers students insights into the history, culture, and politics that affect the developing sciences at the farthest ends of Earth. Therefore, the authors think there is value in incorporating polar exploration accounts within modern science classrooms, and so they conducted research to test their…
Marine polar steroids
Stonik, Valentin A
Structures, taxonomic distribution and biological activities of polar steroids isolated from various marine organisms over the last 8-10 years are considered. The peculiarities of steroid biogenesis in the marine biota and their possible biological functions are discussed. Syntheses of some highly active marine polar steroids are described. The bibliography includes 254 references.
Polarized proton beams
Roser, T.
The acceleration of polarized proton beams in circular accelerators is complicated by the presence of numerous depolarizing spin resonances. Careful and tedious minimization of polarization loss at each of these resonances allowed acceleration of polarized proton beams up to 22 GeV. It has been the hope that Siberian Snakes, which are local spin rotators inserted into ring accelerators, would eliminate these resonances and allow acceleration of polarized beams with the same ease and efficiency that is now routine for unpolarized beams. First tests at IUCF with a full Siberian Snake showed that the spin dynamics with a Snake can be understood in detail. The author now has results of the first tests of a partial Siberian Snake at the AGS, accelerating polarized protons to an energy of about 25 GeV. These successful tests of storage and acceleration of polarized proton beams open up new possibilities such as stored polarized beams for internal target experiments and high energy polarized proton colliders
Cassini UVIS Observations of Saturn during the Grand Finale Orbits
Pryor, W. R.; Esposito, L. W.; West, R. A.; Jouchoux, A.; Radioti, A.; Grodent, D. C.; Gerard, J. C. M. C.; Gustin, J.; Lamy, L.; Badman, S. V.
In 2016 and 2017, the Cassini Saturn orbiter executed a final series of high inclination, low-periapsis orbits ideal for studies of Saturn's polar regions. The Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) obtained an extensive set of auroral images, some at the highest spatial resolution obtained during Cassini's long orbital mission (2004-2017). In some cases, two or three spacecraft slews at right angles to the long slit of the spectrograph were required to cover the entire auroral region to form auroral images. We will present selected images from this set showing narrow arcs of emission, more diffuse auroral emissions, multiple auroral arcs in a single image, discrete spots of emission, small scale vortices, large-scale spiral forms, and parallel linear features that appear to cross in places like twisted wires. Some shorter features are transverse to the main auroral arcs, like barbs on a wire. UVIS observations were in some cases simultaneous with auroral observations from the Hubble Space Telescope Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) that will also be presented. UVIS polar images also contain spectral information suitable for studies of the auroral electron energy distribution. The long wavelength part of the UVIS polar images contains a signal from reflected sunlight containing absorption signatures of acetylene and other Saturn hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbon spatial distribution will also be examined.
Jupiter's Magnetic Field and Magnetosphere after Juno's First 8 Orbits
Connerney, J. E. P.; Oliversen, R. J.; Espley, J. R.; Gruesbeck, J.; Kotsiaros, S.; DiBraccio, G. A.; Joergensen, J. L.; Joergensen, P. S.; Merayo, J. M. G.; Denver, T.; Benn, M.; Bjarno, J. B.; Malinnikova Bang, A.; Bloxham, J.; Moore, K.; Bolton, S. J.; Levin, S.; Gershman, D. J.
The Juno spacecraft entered polar orbit about Jupiter on July 4, 2016, embarking upon an ambitious mission to map Jupiter's magnetic and gravitational potential fields and probe its deep atmosphere, in search of clues to the planet's formation and evolution. Juno is also instrumented to conduct the first exploration of the polar magnetosphere and to acquire images and spectra of its polar auroras and atmosphere. Juno's 53.5-day orbit trajectory carries her science instruments from pole to pole in approximately 2 hours, with a closest approach to within 1.05 Rj of the center of the planet (one Rj = 71,492 km, Jupiter's equatorial radius), just a few thousand km above the clouds. Repeated periapsis passes will eventually encircle the planet with a dense net of observations equally spaced in longitude (magnetometer sensor suites, located 10 and 12 m from the center of the spacecraft at the end of one of Juno's three solar panel wings. Each contains a vector fluxgate magnetometer (FGM) sensor and a pair of co-located non-magnetic star tracker camera heads, providing accurate attitude determination for the FGM sensors. We present an overview of the magnetometer observations obtained during Juno's first year in orbit in context with prior observations and those acquired by Juno's other science instruments.
Altitude Compensating Nozzle Transonic Performance Flight Demonstration, Phase I
National Aeronautics and Space Administration — Altitude compensating nozzles continue to be of interest for use on future launch vehicle boosters and upper stages because of their higher mission average Isp and...
System for indicating fuel-efficient aircraft altitude
Gary, B. L. (Inventor)
A method and apparatus are provided for indicating the altitude at which an aircraft should fly so the W/d ratio (weight of the aircraft divided by the density of air) more closely approaches the optimum W/d for the aircraft. A passive microwave radiometer on the aircraft is directed at different angles with respect to the horizon to determine the air temperature, and therefore the density of the air, at different altitudes. The weight of the aircraft is known. The altitude of the aircraft is changed to fly the aircraft at an altitude at which is W/d ratio more closely approaches the optimum W/d ratio for that aircraft.
Sequencing of 50 human exomes reveals adaptation to high altitude
Yi, Xin; Liang, Yu; Huerta-Sanchez, Emilia
Residents of the Tibetan Plateau show heritable adaptations to extreme altitude. We sequenced 50 exomes of ethnic Tibetans, encompassing coding sequences of 92% of human genes, with an average coverage of 18x per individual. Genes showing population-specific allele frequency changes, which repres...... in genetic adaptation to high altitude.......Residents of the Tibetan Plateau show heritable adaptations to extreme altitude. We sequenced 50 exomes of ethnic Tibetans, encompassing coding sequences of 92% of human genes, with an average coverage of 18x per individual. Genes showing population-specific allele frequency changes, which...... represent strong candidates for altitude adaptation, were identified. The strongest signal of natural selection came from endothelial Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain protein 1 (EPAS1), a transcription factor involved in response to hypoxia. One single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at EPAS1 shows a 78% frequency...
Ben Macdhui High Altitude Trace Gas and Aerosol Transport Experiment
Piketh, SJ
Full Text Available The Ben Macdhui High Altitude Aerosol and Trace Gas Transport Experiment (BHATTEX) was started to characterize the nature and magnitude of atmospheric, aerosol and trace gas transport paths recirculation over and exiting from southern Africa...
Spin motion at and near orbital resonance in storage rings with Siberian snakes I. At orbital resonance
Barber, D.P.; Vogt, M.
Here, and in a sequel, we invoke the invariant spin field to provide an in-depth study of spin motion at and near low order orbital resonances in a simple model for the effects of vertical betatron motion in a storage ring with Siberian Snakes. This leads to a clear understanding, within the model, of the behaviour of the beam polarization at and near so-called snake resonances in proton storage rings. (orig.)
Polarization Optics in Telecommunications
Damask, Jay N
The strong investments into optical telecommunications in the late 1990s resulted in a wealth of new research, techniques, component designs, and understanding of polarization effects in fiber. Polarization Optics in Telecommunications brings together recent advances in the field to create a standard, practical reference for component designers and optical fiber communication engineers. Beginning with a sound foundation in electromagnetism, the author offers a dissertation of the spin-vector formalism of polarization and the interaction of light with media. Applications discussed include optical isolators, optical circulators, fiber collimators, and a variety of applied waveplate and prism combinations. Also included in an extended discussion of polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) and polarization-dependent loss (PDL), their representation, behavior, statistical properties, and measurement. This book draws extensively from the technical and patent literature and is an up-to-date reference for researchers and c...
Parallel Polarization State Generation.
She, Alan; Capasso, Federico
The control of polarization, an essential property of light, is of wide scientific and technological interest. The general problem of generating arbitrary time-varying states of polarization (SOP) has always been mathematically formulated by a series of linear transformations, i.e. a product of matrices, imposing a serial architecture. Here we show a parallel architecture described by a sum of matrices. The theory is experimentally demonstrated by modulating spatially-separated polarization components of a laser using a digital micromirror device that are subsequently beam combined. This method greatly expands the parameter space for engineering devices that control polarization. Consequently, performance characteristics, such as speed, stability, and spectral range, are entirely dictated by the technologies of optical intensity modulation, including absorption, reflection, emission, and scattering. This opens up important prospects for polarization state generation (PSG) with unique performance characteristics with applications in spectroscopic ellipsometry, spectropolarimetry, communications, imaging, and security.
FLUKA Calculation of the Neutron Albedo Encountered at Low Earth Orbits
Claret, Arnaud; Combier, Natacha; Ferrari, Alfredo; Laurent, Philippe
This paper presents Monte-Carlo simulations based on the Fluka code aiming to calculate the contribution of the neutron albedo at a given date and altitude above the Earth chosen by the user. The main input parameters of our model are the solar modulation affecting the spectra of cosmic rays, and the date of the Earth’s geomagnetic fi eld. The results consist in a two-parameter distribution, the neutron energy and the angle to the tangent plane of the sphere containing the orbi t of interest, and are provided by geographical position above the E arth at the chosen altitude. This model can be used to predict the te mporal variation of the neutron fl ux encountered along the orbit, and thus constrain the determination of the instrumental backg round noise of space experiments in low earth orbit.
On the choice of orbits for an altimetric satellite to study ocean circulation and tides
Parke, Michael E.; Stewart, Robert H.; Farless, David L.; Cartwright, David E.
The choice of an orbit for satellite altimetric studies of the ocean's circulation and tides requires an understanding of the orbital characteristics that influence the accuracy of the satellite's measurements of sea level and the temporal and spatial distribution of the measurements. The orbital characteristics that influence accurate calculations of the satellite's position as a function of time are examined, and the pattern of ground tracks laid down on the ocean's surface as a function of the satellite's altitude and inclination is studied. The results are used to examine the aliases in the measurements of surface geostrophic currents and tides. Finally, these considerations are used to specify possible orbits that may be useful for the upcoming Topex/Poseidon mission.
Altitude training for elite endurance performance: a 2012 update.
Fudge, Barry W; Pringle, Jamie S M; Maxwell, Neil S; Turner, Gareth; Ingham, Stephen A; Jones, Andrew M
Altitude training is commonly used by endurance athletes and coaches in pursuit of enhancement of performance on return to sea level. The purpose of the current review article was to update and evaluate recent literature relevant to the practical application of altitude training for endurance athletes. Consequently, the literature can be considered in either of two categories: performance-led investigations or mechanistic advancements/insights. Each section discusses the relevant literature and proposes future directions where appropriate.
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Home What's On About Dartmouth Film Society
About Dartmouth Film Society
Dartmouth Film Society shows interesting films once a fortnight.
Films are screened at The Guildhall, Victoria Road, Dartmouth, TQ6 9RY
The Bar is open from 7.00pm and the films start at 7.30pm.
Membership £40 per year (21 films planned for showing in 2017) - Just £15 for 7 films and a Christmas party - Use it or lose it!
Guest tickets are available on the night for £5.00 each from "The Windjammer", Victoria Road, between 7.00pm and 7.25pm only. No guest tickets will be sold on the door.
For more information about Dartmouth Film Society:
call Barbara Bardwell tel: 07974 781021 e mail: dartmouthfilmsociety@gmail.com
or visit the website at www.dartmouthfilmsociety.org.uk or their Facebook page at www.facebook.com/dartmouthfilmsociety
The latest programme of upcoming films can be found here
Dartmouth Film Society was started at the beginning of 1997 after the closure of the local cinema, with an Arts Council grant just enough to buy a cranky 16mm projector and speakers. With no fixed abode, the DFS Team took films to restaurants, hotels and even a local beach with a showing of Jaws – and felt honoured within the year to be granted the BFFS Best New Film Society Award.
Now, 20+ years on, things have changed somewhat. Our permanent home is now the recently refurbished Guildhall, with its upgraded equipment and comfy new seats - and we’re pleased to report that we’re still going strong.
One of the main benefits of becoming part of the DFS Club, apart from the eclectic mix of film genres - modern and classic, drama and comedy, music, documentary, foreign and more - must of course be the price per film. We aim to show twenty per year which makes the cost an incredible £1.90 per film. This surely must make it the best value Film Club around.
We aim to make film evenings more enjoyable with drinks and snacks available before the start and during the interval; our bar prices too (still no price increase this year!) are extremely reasonable, with a decent glass of wine or beer for just £2 and soft drinks for less – where else in town can you enjoy a drink and a good film for under £4?? Add to this the relaxed, friendly atmosphere, free film hire for members, 50/50 raffle, early finish for those ‘across the water’, free Christmas party with food and complimentary drink for members, concessions on special events etc. and we think we’re offering a pretty good deal.
Clubs & Societies Film
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IPB PRIDE OF PLACE AWARDS HELD AT CORK CITY HALL
Cork community groups were among the winners
Cork community groups were among the winners at the annual IPB Pride of Place awards held in Cork City Hall on Saturday evening.
Douglas Street in Cork City was awarded top prize in the Best Urban Neighbourhood/Village with a population under 100 category, with Cork Street Pastors also honoured with a Special Award for their work on the streets of the city.
Meanwhile, Youghal was a runner up in the Best Town with population over 5,000 category.
The Pride of Place awards, described as the 'Oscars of the Community Sector', celebrate the often unsung work of community groups that selflessly work to make local neighbourhoods a better place to live in, work in or visit.
The country's local authorities, on both sides of the border, nominate outstanding projects that contribute to civic pride.
HUGE CROWD TURN UP FOR THE SWITCHING ON OF THE CORK CITY CHRISTMAS LIGHTS
TANAISTE TO MEET OTHER EU FOREIGN MINISTERS TODAY
CRUMLIN CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL SET TO REVIEW CANCER GENE DETECTION TESTS
CORK CITY CHRISTMAS LIGHTS SWITCH ON PARTY THIS EVENING
WINNING TICKET FOR LAST NIGHT'S LOTTO PLUS 1 TOP PRIZE SOLD IN SKIBBEREEN
MAN REMANDED IN CUSTODY FOLLOWING DRUGS BUST
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‘It’s very tough’: Caitlyn Jenner admits why she barely sees daughters Kendall and Kylie Jenner anymore
Anna Francis
12:23 pm - 23/05/18
The reality star has opened up about her family relationships
TAGS: Caitlyn JennerKendall JennerKylie Jenner
Caitlyn Jenner has a pretty huge family, having had six kids as well as four stepchildren, but sadly admits that she barely sees them anymore.
The 68-year-old is famously parent to daughters Kendall and Kylie Jenner from her marriage to Kris Jenner, and also has Burt and Cassandra with first wife Chrystie Scott and Brandon and Brody from her second marriage to Linda Thompson.
READ MORE CELEB NEWS
MORE: Caitlyn Jenner breaks silence on Kylie Jenner’s baby news after she’s criticised for ‘missing the birth’
Nowadays though she admits that she spends a lot of time alone at her home in Malibu and has struggled to keep up a relationship with her offspring.
‘I spend a lot of time by myself here in the house,’ says Caitlyn. ‘I have a lot of children, but sometimes just because of circumstances, maintaining a close relationship with your kids is very tough.
‘They all have lives. They’ve all moved on.’
However, the reality star hopes that her loved ones will always be there for her.
‘We’re just human beings; we’re going to be here for a very short time,’ she tells Broadly. ‘We come and we go and at the end, when it’s all said and done, hopefully your family is going to be there.’
Caitlyn – who transitioned from being Bruce in 2015 – seemed to grow apart from the Kardashian family when she released her tell-all memoir The Secrets Of My Life last year and admits that this has been difficult.
‘I got the trans community out there bashing on me, I got the Kardashians out there bashing on me,’ the star confesses. ‘All I do is sit here in the house and try to stay out of trouble.’
Yet despite the tensions between herself and her family, Caitlyn prides herself on having been a good parent.
The former Olympian explains: ‘I hope when I get up there to the pearly gates, God looks down and says, “You did a good damn job, you won the Games, raised wonderful children, and you know, you made a difference in the world. Yeah, come on in.”
‘That’s the way I want to go.’
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Plainridge Park Table Games Discussion Heats Up, Lawmakers Say Critical for Casino Competitiveness
July 17, 2019 By Devin O'Connor
The Plainridge Park Casino, the sole slots-only Category 2 gaming facility in Massachusetts, needs inclusion of table games to remain relevant, some state lawmakers claim. The Plainville casino was the first to open under the state’s 2011 Expanded Gaming Act. The legislation authorized three destination casino resorts in three geographically diverse regions, as well as…Read More
William Hill Announces Additional Sportsbook Sites for Iowa as State Gaming Officials Push to Launch in August
July 16, 2019 By Steve Bittenbender
William Hill announced on Tuesday it will serve as the sportsbook for two more casinos in Iowa as state officials work to pass regulations that will allow casinos to offer sports betting. In a statement, the bookmaker said it will extend its partnership with Eldorado Resorts Inc. to manage the sportsbooks for the Isle Casino…Read More
Sports Betting with a New York State of Mind Scheduled to Start Tuesday
And New York will make 10. The Empire State is set to officially join the legal sports betting fraternity when the Rivers Casino & Resort in Schenectady takes its first bets on Tuesday. The grand opening comes five weeks after the New York Gaming Commission (NYGC) formally adopted sports betting regulations. That came after a…Read More
Former New York Governor David Paterson Lobbying on Behalf of Las Vegas Sands for New York City Casino
Former New York Governor David Paterson (D) is leading a lobbying effort on behalf of Las Vegas Sands to expedite the licensing process for three New York City casinos. New York voters approved up to seven casinos in 2013 – four allocated for the upstate area, and three for downstate – but lawmakers placed a…Read More
Union Gaming Picked to Conduct Chicago Casino Feasibility Review
Las Vegas-based Union Gaming has been selected by the Illinois Gaming Board (IGB) to conduct a feasibility study for an integrated casino resort in downtown Chicago. The gaming expansion legislation signed into law last month by Governor JB Pritzker (D) authorized five casinos in the Chicago suburbs, as well as a larger integrated resort in…Read More
MGM Hoping to Land Full New York Casino License for Empire City by 2021 Instead of 2023
July 12, 2019 By Todd Shriber
Officials at the Empire City Casino in Yonkers, N.Y., a property run by MGM Resorts International, are hoping state regulators will grant a license to allow the venue to become a traditional casino sometime next year or in 2021 instead of waiting until 2023. New York casinos, including tribal gaming venues, are located in the…Read More
12 Million Kenyans Given 48 Hours to Withdraw Funds as Government Shuts Down Betting Industry
July 12, 2019 By Philip Conneller
A tax fight between the Kenyan government and the country’s multimillion-dollar betting industry escalated suddenly on Wednesday as the government took the most drastic option available. Kenya’s Betting Control and Licensing Board has ordered telecommunications companies to effectively dismantle the industry by eradicating the short codes and paybill numbers that underpin it. Some 27 betting…Read More
Chicago Casino Already Behind Schedule, Misses Consultant Hiring Deadline
UPDATE (Friday evening) — The Chicago Sun-Times reported the Illinois Gaming Board awarded a consulting contract Friday afternoon to Union Gaming Analytics to conduct the feasibility study for a Chicago casino. The IGB received three bids, but the report noted two were rejected because they came in after the submission deadline. The Chicago casino authorized…Read More
Japan Moves Forward in Process to Set Up Gaming Regulatory Committee
July 10, 2019 By Ed Silverstein
A committee that will eventually oversee casino regulation in Japan is now taking shape as gaming operators interested in capturing one of three likely licenses continue to wait for more details. Two officials were appointed this month to develop the new committee, according to GGRAsia. The officials — whose names were not immediately available —…Read More
Indiana Casinos, Vendors Already Lining Up for Sports Betting Licenses as State Releases Draft Regulations
It’s been a busy start to July for the Indiana Gaming Commission (IGC). As a new law that allows sports betting took effect at the beginning of the month, the IGC released the first draft of temporary regulations for public review. In addition, it began accepting license applications from the casinos, racinos, off-track betting parlor,…Read More
Casino-Rich Nevada Has Strong Economy, But It’s Not an Easy Place For Business
Nevada is the casino gaming hub of the US, has a low unemployment rate, and does not levy personal income taxes. However, those traits don’t mean the Silver State is an easy place to do business. In its annual survey of the best states for business, CNBC ranks Nevada 29th. Predictably, the leisure and hospitality…Read More
Pennsylvania Satellite Casino Auction Planned for September, as State Wants Even More Gaming
Another Pennsylvania satellite casino auction has been announced by state gaming regulators. The Pennsylvania Gaming Control Board (PGCB) voted in favor Wednesday of recommencing the Category 4 satellite casino auction process. Bids will be accepted on Sept. 4 at 10 am ET prior to the agency’s regularly scheduled meeting. The minimum bid remains $7.5 million…Read More
Former Wynn Resorts Security Chief Says Japanese Gangs Will Target Casinos
The former head of security at Wynn Resorts says casinos in Japan will become targets for organized crime syndicates. James Stern and Wynn Resorts parted ways in April after he testified before the Massachusetts Gaming Commission (MGC) that he used company money to secretly surveil Elaine Wynn, the casino operator’s largest single shareholder. Ms. Wynn’s…Read More
Pascua Yaqui Tribe Wants to Turn Old Arizona Movie Theater Into Tucson Casino
The Pascua Yaqui Tribe is working with officials in Tucson, Ariz., to potentially open a casino on unused land the tribe currently owns. Pascua Yaqui leaders are attempting to move 14.38 acres of tribal land into a trust so that the land falls under their control and jurisdiction. That move could pave the way for…Read More
GVC Boss Offloaded Controversial Turkish Ops to Friend and Business Partner for Free to Keep Regulators Sweet
GVC CEO Kenny Alexander offloaded his company’s black-market Turkish operations to a long-time friend, Ron Watts, with whom he jointly runs a stud farm in Scotland, according to the UK’s Sunday Times. It was widely reported at the time that the Turkish business – which once accounted for a third of GVC’s revenues – was…Read More
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Home Faith Religious Life Remembering the event that brought Europe to its knees
Remembering the event that brought Europe to its knees
Archbishop Anthony Fisher OP pictured with Lutheran Bishop, Bishop Mark Lieschke, and Bishop Peter Elliott, both keynote speakers at the 500th Anniversary of the Reformation Commemoration in Sydney on 11 October. PHOTO: Giovanni Portelli
The Reformation has been remembered for the seismic series of events and ideas that is was at a special commemorative conference in Sydney.
Archbishop Anthony Fisher OP opened the 500th Anniversary of the Reformation Commemoration and Inter-Religious Prayer Gathering with warm introductory remarks to the more than 100 Lutheran, Anglican, Jewish and Catholic attendees.
Eminent speakers gave their thoughts and analyses about the Reformation’s pivotal figure, Martin Luther, a German Augustinian monk of the 16th century who broke from Rome after railing against corruption and what he saw as false teaching.
Participants chat over morning tea. PHOTO: Giovanni Portelli
Speakers included the Catholic liturgist and ecumenist, Bishop Peter Elliott of Melbourne; the NSW Lutheran Bishop, Bishop Mark Lieschke; the Rector of St James’ Anglican Church (Sydney), Rev Andrew Sempell; and the Chief Rabbi of The Great Synagogue, Sydney, Rabbi Dr Benjamin Elton.
“There is much from those times of which none of us is proud,” Archbishop Fisher said.
“Yet here we are, 500 years after the Reformation began, recognising our differences while celebrating our much greater common ground in Christ and humanity.”
Bishop Peter Elliott gave a wide-ranging account of Luther’s life and times, saying that his writings and actions could only be understood in light of the ecclesial, economic, social, technological and political realities of the period.
PHOTO: Giovanni Portelli
Bishop Lieschke was similarly open and conciliatory in his remarks, speaking about Luther’s contribution to the Christian understanding of the Gospel, while also describing the 500th anniversary as a “commemoration” – not a “celebration” – of the events of the Reformation.
The conference concluded with an inter-religious prayer gathering in St Mary’s Cathedral, when Archbishop Fisher delivered his principal address, ‘The Reformation and Its Relevance to Religion and Society Today’. (Stay tuned for The Catholic Weekly’s report.)
Jeremy Spinak, the President of the Jewish Board of Deputies, concluded the gathering with a ‘Prayer for the Restoration of God’s Favour’.
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Simple, profound leader remembered
Br Nicholas: 30 years in education
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Mark Cavagnero Associates Architects
SFUSD ArtsCenter
Civic Center Aerial
Building Elevation
San Francisco Unified School District
Research, Programming, Site Analysis and Design, Concept Design
Mark Cavagnero
Felicia Dunham
Kang Kiang
Joseph Holsen
Mark Jewell
Project Collaborators
MEP Engineer/ Fire Protection: Environmental Systems Design, Inc.
Structural Engineer: Tipping Structural Engineers
Civil Engineer: BKF Engineers
Landscape Architecture: Shades of Green Landscape Architecture
Theater Consultant: The Shalleck Collaborative, Inc.
Acoustics/AV Consultant: ARUP
Historic Preservation Architecture: Page & Turnbull
The SFUSD ArtsCenter is a public high school educating 600 students with an emphasis on the visual and performing arts. The San Francisco Unified School District asked us to explore options to relocate the school to a parcel they own in the heart of the Civic Center Performing Arts District. The site is a San Francisco historic landmark and the former home of the High School of Commerce during the first half of the 20th century.
The challenge was to incorporate the specialized needs of the arts high school while maintaining the integrity of the historic structures on the block. The project will create a new 175,000 square foot high school building with dance and music studios, practice rooms, classrooms, art studios and a black box theater. Once complete, the project will also incorporate the restoration and seismic upgrades to the adjacent historic Nourse Auditorium.
Services include building program validation, master planning, and conceptual design.
San Francisco Chronicle, October 17, 2013
San Francisco Chronicle, January 1, 2014
San Francisco Chronicle, February 28,014
Construction Dive, July 24, 2017
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Installation complete of underwater early warning earthquake sensors off Island’s coast
October 18th, 2018updated
ROV Hercules installs an earthquake early warning sensor during Ocean Networks Canada’s Expedition 2018: Wiring the Abyss this past summer. Photo courtesy ONC.
A system of underwater and land-based early warning sensors up and down Vancouver Island are in place that could make a life-saving difference in the event of a significant earthquake.
Oceans Network Canada (ONC), a University of Victoria initiative, says the final set of underwater earthquake warning sensors have been installed about 200 kilometres west of the Island.
The system of underwater and land-based sensors are intended to provide a warning from 20 seconds to two minutes in the event of a significant earthquake.
The system is expected to be fully operational in March of next year.
Ocean Networks Canada’s Early Earthquake Warning Network Sensor Locations.
The system was put to the test with officials of the Canada Line rapid transit system, where a simulated megathrust earthquake allowed the line’s operator to simulate slowing down trains and holding them at stations.
Staff had 38 seconds to prepare for a simulated 7.8 magnitude quake.
ONC says the southwest region of B.C. is on the Cascadia subduction zone, stretching from northern Vancouver Island to northern California, and has the potential to produce an earthquake of above magnitude seven.
Scientists say that would significantly pose a threat to public safety, property and infrastructure.
“Ocean Networks Canada’s earthquake early warning technology has the potential to provide the time needed to take critical, life-saving actions—like Drop, Cover and Hold On—before the shaking starts,” Oak Bay fire department chief and emergency program coordinator Dave Cockle said in a release.
The provincial government provided $5 million in 2016 through Emergency Management BC to have the sensors installed.
ONC says some land-based early warning sensors still have to be installed and the system will be delivered to the B.C. government once completed.
ONC business analyst Teron Moore says the system puts Canada and B.C. into position to be a world leader in seismic and tsunami research and science.
Heritage building in Nanaimo heavily damaged by fire
Carr, Morneau off to China next month to deepen commerce, but no free trade yet
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Elgin VB abandons plan to alter RV rules; owners will call 311 when they want short-term driveway parking
By Gloria Casas
| Elgin Courier-News |
RV parking in driveways will be allowed for short-term periods under a compromise deal that gives owners time to load and clean their vehicles but stops them from parking for months at a time in residential areas, the Elgin City Council voted Wednesday night.
Revisions to the city recreation vehicle ordinance have been under discussion for months, with three proposals -- one an outright ban on RV parking in private driveways and the other a limit on RV driveway-parking to the spring-to-fall camping season -- being debated.
A suggestion from Councilman John Steffen that short-term parking be limited to six per season ultimately morphed into a proposal that basically reinforces what people are already doing -- calling 311 to get city permission for short-term parking so they can clean, load/unload and winterize/de-winterize their vehicles.
“My actual position now is to just leave the process as it has been explained and has come out through this” discussion, Steffen said at Wednesday’s council meeting. “There’s already a system that apparently is the best system out there to address the concerns of both sides.”
The issue has been a sticky one for council members, who tried to balance the needs of RV owners and the concerns of residents who don’t want RVs parked in neighborhoods for months.
Steffen said he received a lot of feedback on his proposed amendment, causing him to change his mind about amending the ordinance at all, he said.
“I have come to believe trying to put a number on the number of trips allowed on RV owners is only going to cause trouble because some of them use them quite frequently,” he said.
Councilman Terry Gavin, who has been adamant in his opposition to altering the ordinance, was eager to vote in favor of the current system.
“I’ve said this for months, I’m going to be consistent as I always am, no ... just keep it the way it is,” Gavin said.
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Councilman Corey Dixon, who first suggested the amendment, voted against keeping the status quo.
“To the community members and RV owners who wanted this, you took it as far as you could take it. We tried to make this happen for you,” he said. “To the ones who opposed it, we did hear you. We did make adjustments. We did try to make concessions. We did try to make compromises.”
“It appears the status quo would be less restrictive for RV owners in the city,” Councilman Baldemar Lopez said. “The program is working efficiently for the moment.”
Gloria Casas is a freelance reporter for The Courier-News.
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College Roundup: Griffin, Lamon help lead Maryland women
Feb 15, 2014 | 3:00 AM
MARYLAND WOMEN'S LACROSSE:
The No. 2 Terps crushed UMBC, 14-3, on a snow-framed field Friday afternoon.
The Terps (1-0) captured the season-opening victory largely due to the success of several young players, including freshman Zoe Stukenberg and sophomore Taylor Cummings. The tandem combined for eight of Maryland's 14 goals on the day.
Brooke Griffin (South River) added two goals and Kristen Lamon (St. Mary's) one for Maryland.
NAVY SQUASH:
Despite wins at the No. 1 and 2 positions of the ladder, the 13th-seeded Navy squash team dropped a 6-3 decision to No. 12 Dartmouth Friday afternoon in the opening round of the College Squash Association Team Championship hosted by Harvard.
Navy entered the match healthy and with high hopes of avenging a regular-season loss to the Big Green in December that also saw the Mids win the top two positions.
The junior combination of Jim Kacergis and Andrew McGuinness topped their foes at the top of the ladder with Kacergis needing five games in his rematch against freshman Nick Harrington. Kacergis edged Harrington in four games in Annapolis on Dec., 6, but fought back from a 2-1 deficit to take the match in five games.
Meanwhile, McGuinness, who took a five-game decision over Alexander Greer during the regular season, routed veteran Chris Jung, 11-5, 11-3, 11-7, at the No. 2 position on Friday.
MARYLAND SOFTBALL:
The Terps earned a split against a pair of SEC teams at the Florida Atlantic Strikeout Cancer Tournament in Boca Raton, Fla. The Terrapins fell to Mississippi State, 3-1, in the opener, before defeating South Carolina in the nightcap, 8-4.
Senior Amanda McCann went 2 for 5 with a pair of runs, while Kaitlyn Schmeiser pitched five strong innings in the second game to earn the victory.
STONY BROOK MEN'S LACROSSE:
The Stony Brook men's lacrosse team received goals from six different players, but the Seawolves fell to Marist, 13-12 in the season opener for both teams.
SALISBURY BASEBALL:
The No. 13 Sea Gulls picked up a season-opening 5-4 win over Virginia Wesleyan College.
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140 things you don't know about Twitter
Published Fri, Mar 20 2015 10:15 AM EDT Updated Sun, Mar 22 2015 3:48 PM EDT
Eli Langer@EliLanger
Bird was the word as Twitter founders and executives were all smiles on the day the company went public on the New York Stock Exchange in November 2013.
Source: @NYSEcam
On March 21, 2006, a simple messaging service was born with a five-word tweet.
Fast forward nine years.
Tweets now move billions of dollars in the stock market, have delivered play-by-play of the killing of the FBI's most wanted terrorist and allow planet Earth to communicate directly with humans and machines residing in outer space.
In honor of the 140-character limit per post on Twitter, here are 140 things you didn't know about the service.
1. Twitter almost never came to be. In 2006, there was a company called Odeo, which helped individuals publish audio. With a lack of growth and investors souring, the company pivoted and decided to conduct a hackathon one day. This brain-storming competition led to the birth of Twitter.
2. This was Twitter's first ever homepage. The site opened to the public on July 15, 2006.
3. Twitter was created on a playground. Founding team member Dom Sagolla says the group went on the top of a slide at a playground in South Park, a small neighborhood in San Francisco, and Jack Dorsey discussed an "idea so simple that you don't even think about it—you just write." This moment of inspiration has turned into a multibillion-dollar company.
4. When Twitter began, everyone's first tweet was automated. It published, "Just setting up my twttr." Co-founder Dorsey sent the first tweet—beating Biz Stone by a minute—on March 21, 2006, at 4:50 p.m. PT. It now has more than 50,000 retweets.
5. The user with the most followers is Katy Perry; the singer has nearly 67 million followers.
6. HootSuite, a social media management company, follows 1.6 million accounts, the second most of any user. @ArabicBest is in the lead; the profile shows it follows 2.4 million accounts.
7. Who has tweeted the most? That honor belongs to @Yougakduan_00, a girl from Japan, who posted a mind-boggling 36,402,262 tweets before Twitter suspended her account, likely because of the excessive tweeting.
8. The most followed brand is YouTube with 49 million followers.
9. The official name of Twitter's bird is Larry. Yes, his name is Larry Bird. The iconic little fellow—seen in Twitter's logo shown in TV commercials, print ads and practically every website—was named after Boston Celtics legend Larry Bird.
10. Why choose to name the bird after a basketball star who played in Boston? It may have to do with Twitter co-founder Stone growing up in Massachusetts.
11. Twitter didn't create retweets, replies, hashtags, a mobile app or social ads—it was created by users and developers in its ecosystem. Those features were later supported by Twitter, according to marketing site 140 Proof. Unfortunately for the inventors, they didn't receiving a slice of the company when it went public in November 2013.
12. Cashtags—ticker symbols accompanied by a dollar sign, like $GE—are used by Wall Street tweeters and those interested in tracking news around stocks.
13. From 2008 to 2010, Twitter had a "guy with a pager" to help keep the site online. "It sucked," writes John Adams, a member of the company's security team, on Quora. The pager rotated between three and four people, Adams says.
14. Twitter's Fail Whale—used during periods of Twitter.com downtime in the site's early years—was created by Yiying Lu, an artist who originally made the design for a birthday e-card. Twitter found it on a stock photo site and added it to theirs. Sadly, the Beluga whale is no longer featured when the site goes down.
15, The Fail Whale was adored by thousands of Twitter users. Some made cakes showcasing the whale, others sported permanent tattoos. One fan even created a fictitious beer.
16. Twitter was almost called Twitch. Before finalizing on the name, the team looked at the Oxford English Dictionary. "We found the word Twitter," Dorsey says. "And Twitter means a short inconsequential burst of information, chirps from birds. And we were like, that describes exactly what we're doing here. "
17. When the founding team was building the product, it called it "Jitter" at one point. It was a "terrible" name, Dorsey says.
18. The founding team was nervous about using Twitter as the company name "because in certain cultures it could be demeaning," Dorsey explains. "For example, Twit is not necessarily associated with the best things." It took two months or so for the team to get used to the name.
19. Once the name Twitter was decided on, the crew realized phones were such a big part of what it was doing, and that meant Twitter needed a five-letter "short code" for folks to send messages on a mobile device. "So [we] took out all the vowels and then it could be twttr," Dorsey says. Unfortunately, the short code was already taken by Teen People. The vowels were then added back.
20. Twitter paid a "minuscule" amount for Twitter.com, Dorsey says. Before Twitter purchased the domain in 2006 from someone else, there was nothing going on at the page.
21. Twitter didn't want to refer to posts on its site as "tweets." After insisting on "status update" for some time, the company caved and used "tweets" after users insisted on the term. "I thought it was a little bit too cute for such a serious utility," Dorsey says.
22. The length of the messages users send on Twitter has gotten shorter over the last five years, researchers say. Do people have less time on their hands with the growing number of social media services and users or does new Twitter jargon allow users to keep it concise? You decide.
23. Ending a tweet with an empty hashtag is called a hangtag, and it's Twitter's version of the mic drop, the team at Medium declared recently.
24. Dorsey was reportedly brokenhearted when Instagram was sold to Facebook for $1 billion in cash and stock in April 2012. Less than a year later, Twitter scooped up Vine, the video-sharing app, for $30 million.
25. Dorsey hasn't posted to his Instagram account ever since Facebook acquired the service.
26. Instagram co-founder Kevin Systrom (@Kevin) has tweeted just one time since August 2012.
27. Why was Twitter's video-sharing app named Vine? A source says it's short for Vignette, which is defined as "a short impressionistic scene." Vignette is also the name of a photo filter offered by the signature Twitter app.
28. Vine limits its videos to six seconds, but Twitter user Will Smidlein once figured out how to upload a three-minute music video to a single Vine clip. On the same day Twitter released Vine on Android, Smidlein (@ws) exploited a hole in the video app's coding that allowed him to share the ever-viral "Rickroll" YouTube video in its entirety. The bug was later patched, but not before Smidlein says he "ruined some poor engineer's day."
29. Vine's logo connects the "V" and "I" in its name in the same way a vine loops and wraps itself around a tree.
30. If you turn Vine's logo upside down, it displays the maximum number of seconds your video can be: 6.
31. While most social networks' most followed users are superstars in the real world, Vine's most followed users are a dozen of your everyday folks. One such Vine star is Nicholas Megalis, who was the first user to post a clip that hit 1,000,000 likes.
32. Because Vine didn't give users basic editing tools at the start, some Viners spent hours on a single six-second clip. Top Vine user Meagan Cignoli says she spent five hours and three shirts on this video.
33. Twitter announced its IPO via a tweet, naturally. At 5 p.m. ET on Sept. 12, 2013, @Twitter posted: "We've confidentially submitted an S-1 to the SEC for a planned IPO. This Tweet does not constitute an offer of any securities for sale." The tweet now has more than 14,000 retweets.
34. Twitter's stock symbol is TWTR. Some investors thought it was TWTRQ, which belongs to Tweeter's Home Entertainment, a penny stock. The confusion led to TWTRQ jumping as much as 2,200 percent on Oct. 4, 2013. The stock gave back all of its gains within a couple of days, and the company changed the symbol to THEGQ.
35. Twitter, the company, recommends following three accounts for information on its stock: @DickC, @Twitter and @TwitterIR.
36. Three years, two months and one day: The time it took from the first tweet to the billionth tweet.
37. You can find your first ever tweet at First-Tweets.com.
38. @Twitter didn't send its first tweet until the service was 478 days old.
39. The service sees more than 500 million tweets a day now.
40. Three of the five richest people in the world have a verified Twitter account. Bill Gates, Warren Buffett and Larry Ellison have a combined $206.2 billion, according to Forbes, and are all sending 140-character messages.
41. The social networking site has 288 million monthly active users, but the number of registered accounts is much higher. There are more than 2 billion registered Twitter accounts, according to Twopcharts.
42. When users want to manually retweet a tweet, they use the letters "RT" before the post. If the tweet is modified, users type "MT" for "modified tweet."
43. Twitter (288 million) has 1 billion fewer monthly active users than Facebook (1.39 billion) has.
44. The microblogging service pulled in $1.4 billion in revenue in 2014, compared with $12.47 billion for Facebook.
45. 80% of Twitter's 288 monthly active users access the service on a mobile device.
46. Twitter's fourth co-founder Noah Glass was kicked out of the company, according to the book "Hatching Twitter: A True Story of Money, Power, Friendship, and Betrayal," by Nick Bilton of The New York Times. Glass is said to have made almost no money from Twitter's IPO, according to Bilton.
47. Glass has only tweeted five times over the last five years. His reads, "I started this."
48. The "unfollow" button was almost called "leave."
49. Twitter was thinking about creating a feature called "worship" in the early days. "If you worshipped someone, you would get every single one of their messages," Dorsey says. "The full fire hose of what they're saying." The idea was ditched.
50. Dorsey thinks users should have the option to follow just certain tweets from specific users. Since User 1 may follow User 2 for a specific topic, receiving just the tweets pertaining to that topic should be available. The issue? "Being able to surface valuable information immediately ... is a really, really hard problem."
51. Frequent Twitter users are more likely male and under the age of 35, a CNBC-AP poll showed in November 2013. Nearly a third of Americans at the time said they use Twitter.
52. Facebook tried buying Twitter—twice, according to Bilton. Each time, Twitter pushed the "dislike" button.
53. While seemingly everyone on planet Earth is on Twitter, there are certain celebrities that have yet to take the plunge. Athletes like Derek Jeter and Michael Jordan don't use Twitter. "I'm not a Twitterer, I'm not a twerker, I'm not a Facebooker. I am a ... nothin' ... I'm old school." Jordan told NBA 2K14.
54. Twitter limits users to 140 characters per post, but in an April Fool's blog post in 2013, the company said it will allow folks to pay for an extra character in a bidding war. "There is no option to purchase a second additional character at this time," Twitter wrote.
55. Twitter CEO Dick Costolo has a 89 percent approval rating by employees on Glassdoor.
56. Why are posts limited to 140 characters? Twitter was born as an SMS phone service designed to fit its character limit.
57. The International Space Station has its highest number of tweeting astronauts right now.
58. The hashtag was created by a Twitter user. In August 2007, @ChrisMessina tweeted, "how do you feel about using # (pound) for groups. As in [msg]? " He is now referred to as "The Hashtag Godfather."
59. The Twitter IPO minted 1,600 new millionaires, according to financial analysis firm PrivCo.
60. Three billionaires were created from Twitter's IPO: Dorsey, Evan Williams and Peter Fenton, a general partner at Benchmark Capital.
61. The New York Times once drew up comical new ways for the social media company to cash in.
62. While Twitter is still a relatively young platform, there have been plenty of public scandals on the service.
63. Twitter reaches more users than any other social network in Japan, comScore says.
64. Twitter doesn't work in China, nor does Facebook. People in China can access LinkedIn.
65. The cost of a Promoted Trend in the United States for one day is $200,000.
66. Twitter gave the city of Boston a promoted trend (#OneBoston) free of charge after the Boston Marathon bombings in April 2013.
67. In the 38 days leading up to the bombings, Twitter sold 29 promoted trends, according to tracking by CNBC, for a success rate of 76.3 percent. In the week after the incident, Twitter did not feature a single paid advertiser's promoted trend. It may signal that advertisers want to avoid juxtaposing their messages alongside bad news.
68. Costolo said any team inside Twitter can launch any test to 1 percent of users without any approvals.
69. An angel investor says Twitter will all users to pay to be verified.
70. Twitter acquired Twitpic just hours before the photo-sharing service was to be shut down in October 2014.
71. The most retweeted tweet ever came from Ellen DeGeneres in March 2014. The star-studded selfie tweet at the Oscars produced 3.4 million retweets.
72. Before Ellen's viral tweet, the most retweeted tweet belonged to President @BarackObama on election night in 2012. It had about 800,000 retweets.
73. "I was aiming to break your record of retweets," DeGeneres told Obama later in the month, "and I broke your record." How did the president respond? "I heard about that. I thought it was a pretty cheap stunt myself, getting a bunch of celebrities in the background." DeGeneres later referred to Obama as "the leader of the free world and the runner up in retweet records."
74. Samsung, the maker of the device Ellen used to create Twitter history, said it was donating $3 million to charity in honor of Ellen's 3 million retweets.
75. The number of accounts that have been verified as authentic—those with a blue badge—is more than 127,000. Quietly, most of Twitter's active users may tell you they would want to be Twitter-verified, too.
76. Twitter launched verified accounts after former St. Louis Cardinals manager Tony La Russa complained about a user pretending to be him.
77. There's an unwritten rule at the company that employees can't be verified.
78. Twitter's @NathanCHubbard (head of commerce) had to give up his verification badge when he joined the flock. "Think I'm the first to proactively opt out of the blue check mark," Hubbard tweeted.
79. Mark Zuckerberg (@finkd)—also not verified—has 330,000 followers but has only tweeted 19 times and just once since March 2009. One shouldn't expect Facebook's CEO to begin tweeting religiously anytime soon.
80. The first user to hit 1 million followers was Ashton Kutcher, beating out CNN in a race that was broadcast in a live stream from Kutcher's home.
81. Twitter has 3600 employees. Want to hear something wild? 50 percent of all employees are engineers.
82. Twitter's mobile app has different features than its Web service. On mobile, users can save drafts, while visitors on Web can't save unpublished posts.
83. Retweets are the new dare. Users will occasionally perform wild stunts (e.g., run on to playing field at game) if their posts receives a certain amount of retweets.
84. How is Twitter different than other social networks? This graphic will answer that.
85. Police in Granada have Twitter handles on their uniforms.
86. Five years ago, Twitter saw its defining moment when US Airways Flight 1549 touched down in the frigid waters of the Hudson River. In that "miraculous" moment, an eyewitness to the event caught the world's attention by posting a photo on Twitter. It showed that Twitter had transformed the way we can get the news.
87. Tweets with hashtags receive 2x engagement than those without hashtags, yet only 24 percent of measured tweets contain hashtags.
88. Billionaire investor Carl Icahn, who signed up for the service in 2013, does most of his public talking these days via Twitter. Sometimes, in the form of poetry.
89. Three of Icahn's tweets moved a reported $18 billion in Apple stock.
90. Hackers compromised the @AP twitter account in April 2013, sending out a fake tweet about an attack at the White House that resulted in a brief market plunge. The tweet was broadcast to nearly 2 million followers before it was deleted.
91. Want a viral tweet? You can pay for it! Sites like Fiverr offer thousands of retweets from bots for as little as $5.
92. Twitter is said to be "the king of the second screen," as users often flock to the service during big events. The power outage at Super Bowl XLVII shined light on an ever-growing issue for Facebook: its lack of relevancy during a live event.
93. MySpace co-founder Tom Anderson (remember MySpace?) used Twitter to completely obliterate a follower in a jaw-dropping reply.
94. Speaking of awesome comebacks, Boone Pickens' reply to singer Drake was deemed one of the "10 greatest tweets of all time" by Yahoo Finance.
95. Want to track your Twitter stats? TwitterCounter.com receives more than 2 million views a month from folks hungry to track follower counts, Top 100 lists and more.
96. Celebrities use the platform very differently than you and I. Seth MacFarlane recently joked that he feels pressure to post humorous content. "In the beginning, you're like, 'A joke a day? That's fun. And then you're like, 'Oh s---, a joke a day—and for free!'
97. You can send a friend a Starbucks coffee with a single tweet.
98. When tweeting a photo, the ideal picture size is 2x1 (e.g., 1000x500). This will ensure the full photo automatically displays in-stream.
99. Apple has more than 12 million Twitter followers when combining the tech giant's several accounts.
100. Facebook is on Twitter; Twitter is on Facebook. Twitter has 15.3 million Facebook fans, while Facebook has 13.9 million Twitter followers.
101. It took almost eight years for @Facebook to favorite its first tweet.
102. Oprah once sent a tweet plugging Microsoft's Surface tablet ... using an iPad.
103. @Twitter had a robust list featuring its tweeting employees, but shortly before the company went public, the list was deleted. Chicagoan @LevNaginsky created his of more than 1,100 tweeting Twitter employees, which comes in handy when there's news impacting Twitter.
104. The New York Stock Exchange has an account dedicated to sharing photos from the trading floor. This photo from the day Twitter went public gives you a bird's eye view.
105. You can track the performance of certain shortened links shared on Twitter by grabbing the URL, adding a + sign to the end, and pasting it into the your browser's address bar. If the shortened link is powered by Bitly, you will see cool stats around the link.
106. The FTC requires Twitter users to label sponsored tweets as such. Adding "ad:" will cost you three characters, but will help you avoid a fine.
107. Khloe Kardashian pulls in $13,000 per sponsored tweet, according to a report. Favorite that!
108. Twitter used to refer to its users as "Twitterers. "
109. Sam Sethi was the first person to announce on Twitter that he had been fired.
110. In 2009, a New York-based company called Peek created Twitter Peek, a device solely dedicated to letting you use Twitter. A lifetime plan cost $200.
111. In 2011, CNBC created the "100 Twitter Rules To Live By. "
112. Account @everyword tweeted out every word in the English dictionary.
113. James Cameron once tweeted from the ocean's deepest point. "Hitting bottom never felt so good," he wrote.
114. Costolo used to be an improv comedian.
115. An account that has more followers than it should? @SignOut, with 1,433 followers. Apparently, Twitter users attempting to log out of the service are following the account. (No, it doesn't work.)
116. Brands use Twitter in an attempt to grab some of the attention given to Apple on days that the tech giant reveals new devices.
117. Looking to manage who you follow on Twitter? ManageFlitter.com is a Web-based application that will help you in that department.
118. If you're ever curious as to who you blocked on Twitter, take a visit to TwitBlock.org, sign in and click "manage blocks."
119. Users who have been on the platforms for years should check which apps currently have access to their account. Visit "apps" in "settings" when logged in on desktop and revoke access to shady or inactive applications.
120. Twitter's latest profile design makes the platform look a lot like Facebook.
121. If you want people to click on a URL, do not include hashtags or rich media that could distract from your link, @TwitterAdTips advises.
122. Vine has more than 40 million users.
123. Twitter designer Doug Bowman says the company's logo resembles a mountain bluebird.
124. Seven of the 10 most followed accounts belong to singers.
125. The unofficial Twitter grand slam: when someone retweets, favorites, replies to and follows you.
126. Comedian Conan O'Brien follows only one person on Twitter, a fan chosen at random. Her name is and she's gone to amass over 200,000 followers because of O'Brien's follow.
127. The first blog post ever written about Twitter was by Om Malik of Gigaom on July 15, 2006.
128. There were 224 tweets sent on July 15, 2006.
129. It took Twitter more than 16 months to reach the first 600,000 Twitter accounts.
130. Twitter won't allow you to follow more than 2,000 people unless you have 2,000 followers.
131. Two teenagers run @HistoryInPics, an account with more than 1.2 million followers. It's wildly popular.
132. If verified Twitter users change their handle, they lose their verification badge.
133. Dorsey aspires to be the mayor of New York City one day.
134. Visiting Twittter.com (with an extra "t") will bring you to the official website.
135. Visiting Twiter.com (missing a "t") will also bring you to the official website.
136. Some mothers follow their children's Twitter accounts to keep an eye on what they're eating for lunch. Seriously.
137. Twitter has a YouTube channel, to which it has posted more than 90 videos.
138. Twitter employees consume 1,440 hard-boiled eggs weekly. The flock also drinks 585 gallons of coffee per week.
139. The story of Twitter is being turned into a TV show.
140. Twitter turned an idea on a playground slide into a company that is today worth $31 billion.
—By CNBC's Eli Langer. Follow him on Twitter at @EliLanger.
Correction: An earlier version incorrectly stated the number of Twitter employees.
Twitter Inc
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Specific Type: Hyper Coaster
Height: 230 feet
Manufacturer: Bolliger & Mabillard
Official Debut: 4/18/2009
Kings Island has been the home of many big attractions over the years. It started with 1972's Racer, which re-established the roller coaster as being popular again. Beast in 1979 smashed records and still reigns as the longest wooden roller coaster. In the eighties, King Cobra brought the stand up coaster to America, and Vortex first introduced 6 inversions on a single track as well as being a giant in its own right. Flight of Fear in the nineties revealed to the world the frightening capabilities of Linear Induction Motors, and Son of Beast for the twenty-first century is still the tallest and fastest wooden coaster, along with being the only one to have contained a loop. Now that Cedar Fair has acquired the park in the midst of it's thirty-year run, The skyline has changed again.
Costing a total of $22 million dollars, Diamondback rules the Rivertown section and the back of the park with the Beast and Vortex as it debuted in 2009. The fire red track with yellow and white supports shall forever dominate the park as being the tallest and fastest roller coaster on the property. Amazingly, for such an influential park as Kings Island has become, it is the park's first ride produced by the Swiss firm Bolliger and Mabillard. The milestone attraction has since become a blockbuster as Cedar Fair finds a way to leave it's mark.
Among the necessities the ride offers are the trains. The thirty-two passenger speed machines possess the same seating arrangement as it's sister ride Behemoth of Canada's Wonderland, where the four-across seating moves two center riders forward of the two outside riders. Furthermore, a yellow and red paint scheme creates the visual aspects of a real diamondback rattle snake, from which the ride gets its name. Among ride features, a hammerhead turn around, air time filled hills, and a splash down where Swan Lake used to dwell round out the 5,282 ft of track.
Riders begin their journey by entering the queue into a wooden-esque station, similar in characteristics as many Rivertown buildings. Future riders get to witness many splash encounters as well as revel in the trains' visual detail as they slither through their cycles. Once the lap bar is secure and the thumbs are up, the feeling of venom, perhaps, adrenalin, works up riders as they rise above the park. The only things taller at this point are the Eiffel Tower and Drop Tower. Once an altitude of 23 stories is reached, guests squeal as they teeter on the edge of a 215 ft, 74 degree decent into the heart of Rivertown. The trains careen passed The Crypt building to the left and railroad tracks to the right as a top speed of 80 miles per hour is reached.
As trees and buildings flash by, the ride regains height as a 193 ft hill is tackled, the second of 10 and one of many times of air time is accomplished. The track so far has headed to the right slightly, but the second dive hauls riders way to the left as the third hill is traveled through. Diving back into the dense Ohio forested hills, the venomous speed demon banks hard right as it rises to its hammerhead turnaround, signature on many Bolliger and Mabillard hyper coasters. Another air time hill runs beneath the 3rd hill which feeds riders into the first partial helix. A sharply banked turnaround to the left, ending with the ride parallel to the first half of the ride and enters the mid course brake run, where people catch their breath, if only for a moment.
Heading over the second drop, the ride makes a bee-line towards Rivertown as it throws riders for two more bunny hills. A drop near the Crypt's plaza places riders into the second partial helix, this time, to the right with the infamous Beast in view. The train levels out as the rails plummet into the first ever splashdown found on a B&M hyper coaster. It shaves off speed, but leaves enough to where the train can meander up the last ascent and into the final brakes. A turn left places riders back at the station.
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From members of the military to pilots, just about everyone can grow a beard now — except politicians
Search the Cold Lake Sun
Who said beard culture is dead? Evidence points to a thriving beard brotherhood, Canadian sociologist says
Douglas Quan
More from Douglas Quan
Published on: December 3, 2018 | Last Updated: December 3, 2018 2:29 PM EST
Don't plan the wake just yet - despite avowals that the beard trend is slowly fading, the rise in beard-gels, razors and other related products seem to indicate otherwise. Getty Images
A couple years ago, media outlets around the world declared the beard trend had gone the way of manbuns, hoverboards and distressed jeans.
“Face it: Beard Trend is Finally Over According to Grooming Experts,” blared a headline in The (U.K.) Independent. “Beards Aren’t Cool Anymore,” opined Vice. Even the normally staid Wall Street Journal weighed in, asking its readers if “channelling a mountain man has overstayed its welcome.”
But a growing stable of beard-grooming products and guides, beard-related podcasts and beard competitions, plus an easing of beard restrictions in the workplace, suggest the beard-culture-is-dead avowals may have been premature.
In fact, a just-published study in the journal Critical Studies, Critical Methodologies by a Canadian sociologist indicates there’s a thriving online beard brotherhood.
“There’s a flourishing culture there that’s not gone away and it seems to be growing,” says Christopher Schneider, a sociology professor at Brandon University in Manitoba. “Despite whatever media says or doesn’t say, the evidence online suggests otherwise.”
Christopher Schneider, a professor at Brandon University, says there’s a thriving online beard culture. Handout
Far from pursuing bearding as a solitary endeavour, amateur beard enthusiasts are now coalescing around online forums where they support one another’s quests to grow one-year beards — or “yeards” — and share how-to advice on perfecting grooming techniques, says Schneider, who himself sports a full, seven-inch beard — what he calls a “benign act of hairy defiance” after a divorce and an homage to his sociological forefathers, such as Marx and Weber, who wore long beards.
As part of his research, Schneider analyzed some 62,000 comments that viewers had left underneath videos posted on the YouTube channel of BeardBrand, an American men’s grooming company.
Whereas bearded men in the past typically operated outside of mainstream society — as motorcycle club members, artists and musicians — Schneider discovered bearded men today aren’t necessarily tied to a counter-culture.
Schneider says he was also hard-pressed to find much evidence of “toxic masculinity” in online beard clubs.
“It’s largely about embracing masculinity in spaces that are positive,” he said. “It’s not about promoting misogyny, it’s not anti-women, it’s about, ‘Hey … let’s celebrate we can grow a beard.’”
The Canadian military will allow beards in a bid to improve morale and attract young recruits
From breastfeeding to beards, Apple reveals new emojis for World Emoji Day
In a podcast interview for the website, Art of Manliness, Allan Peterkin, a psychiatry professor at the University of Toronto and author of 1000 Beards: The Cultural History of Facial Hair, summed up contemporary beard culture as both an “act of rebellion and playfulness.”
“Part of what you are saying, I think, with facial hair is, ‘I’m no corporate slave. I can do this. My dad, my granddad had to shave to keep their jobs — I don’t have to do that, and I can be playful.’ And then there’s a whole notion of it being kind of … virile, masculine, sexy, that I can be unabashedly all those things as well with my facial hair.”
That said, Peterkin predicted it would still be a while yet before beards became ubiquitous among politicians or business executives. Because most leaders in the last century have been clean-shaven, the sudden appearance of facial hair still raises suspicions — “the whole notion is: what’s he hiding? You know, there must be something a little suspect, a little sinister.”
“There’s the notion of it being revolutionary, communist, you know, people always think of Fidel Castro, and then after 9/11, of course, there was this whole notion of … maybe he’s a terrorist.”
Cuban President Fidel Castro gives a speech about domestic policy at the Convention Palace in Havana 24 March 2005. ISMAEL FRANCISCO / AFP
But more and more employers are beginning to relax their rules when it comes to facial hair. Among those who’ve OK’d a bit of scruff is the Canadian military, which announced in September it was easing restrictions to boost morale and attract younger people. Beards must, however, remain neatly trimmed and not exceed two centimetres in length.
That same month, Air Canada announced pilots would be able to sport beards, as long as they were tidy and no longer than 1.25 centimetres in length.
Another sign of beard culture’s staying power are the growing numbers of regional competitions that have sprung up that judge the appearance and “personality” of beards and moustaches — both au naturel and with the use of styling aids.
“It’s just going to keep getting better as people keep getting interested and having fun,” says Colin Geitzler, a.k.a Snidely Wildstache, who organizes an annual competition in Ottawa.
“I think there was a lot of misinformation about facial hair for a long time.”
Geitzler suggests the change in attitudes can be attributed to a number of things, including the annual “Movember” event when men grow moustaches in November to raise awareness about men’s health, the practice of athletes growing beards during playoff season, and the growing numbers of celebrities donning beards.
It’s not about promoting misogyny, it’s not anti-women, it’s about, ‘Hey … let’s celebrate we can grow a beard
Even though some clubs seem geared more for heterosexual men (the Calgary Facial Hair Club boasts “we like beer and girls and bbq”), Geitzler says there’s been a real effort among beard clubs to be inclusive and that gay men now form a growing contingent.
In a further effort to soften their image, beard clubs hold a lot of charity fundraisers and other community events to put a “friendly face on the bearded face,” says Darrell Crawford, a retired IT worker in Newcastle, Ont., who sports a beard that reaches his sternum and is co-founder of the group Beard Team Canada, whose members participate in competitions around the world.
“A lot of the shame of wearing fur on your face has gone away.”
As with any trend, there’s the inevitable backlash. A columnist in the Tennessean newspaper a couple years ago wrote that he didn’t understand the big fuss over big fuzz, and declared that “beard culture is ruining beards.”
“Like any other form of personal expression or style, there is such a thing as trying too hard and ruining it for everyone. A beard should just be. Yes, trim it; yes, wrangle it to a form that best suits you; yes, grow it as long as you like, but please do not turn it into an art project or a ‘conversation piece,’” he wrote.
“By all means, rock the beard and keep it in shape the way you might a haircut. But beards don’t need entire podcasts dedicated to their ‘journeys.’”
Cold Lake RCMP round up six prolific offenders Alberta crude production cuts expected to create winners and losers: analysts
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So you're from Arlington, TX?
Fortunately for you, Arlington, TX offers a number of great schools to choose from. It's just a matter of finding the right program and study subject for you!
Schools in Bedford, TX
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Schools in Duncanville, TX
Schools in Fort Worth, TX
Schools in Grand Prairie, TX
Schools in Haltom City, TX
Schools in Hurst, TX
Schools in Irving, TX
Schools in Keene, TX
Schools in North Richland Hills, TX
Schools in Arlington, TX
Arlington College and University Demographics
Arlington's 12 colleges and universities offer a total of 177 degree and certificate programs for you to choose from, in fields ranging from teacher education and professional development, specific levels and methods, other to civil engineering, general to german language and literature.
The top-ranked school in Arlington is Ogle School Hair Skin Nails, with a student population of 299. In 2010, Ogle School Hair Skin Nails was ranked 60th in the nation. Amongst students at Ogle School Hair Skin Nails, the most popular area of study is Beauty.
Although tuition varies from school to school, the average tuition for Arlington schools is $4,654 per year. ITT Technical Institute-Arlington charges students $18,048 per year in tuition, which is the highest tuition rate in Arlington. Arlington Baptist College has the lowest tuition rate at $7,340 per year.
In 2008, students at Arlington colleges received an estimated $60,584,418 in financial aid. Of this aid, $58,291,703 was in the form of institutional grants and scholarships. The University of Texas at Arlington gave its students $41,709,279 in institutional financial aid. This was the highest amount of financial aid given by any Arlington school.
Arlington Student Demographics
In 2010, 31,556 students were enrolled in Arlington schools, which was 2% of the total college students in Texas. The school with the highest number of student enrolled in Arlington was The University of Texas at Arlington, with 28,085 students. American Broadcasting School, with only 75 students, had the lowest total enrollment in Arlington.
Graduation and Retention Rates
Approximately 71% of students who enroll as first year students at Arlington schools return to complete their second year. For every 100 students who enroll in Arlington schools, 88 eventually graduate. Graduation rates, however, can vary from college to college. Arlington Baptist College has a graduation rate of 100%, while ITT Technical Institute-Arlington has a graduation rate of 34%.
Arlington schools have a student population that is approximately 54% female. 64% of Arlington college students are 24 years old or younger. For every 100 Arlington college students, 55 students identified themselves as being from a racial or ethnic minority background in 2009. The highest percentage of diverse students in Arlington in 2009 was at Regency Beauty Institute-Arlington, which had a minority student population that was 100% of the total student population of the school.
Arlington Faculty Demographics
As of 2010, there were a total of 5,705 faculty employed by Arlington colleges and universities. Of these faculty members, 53% were female and 28% were from racial or ethnic minority backgrounds.
In 2009, the average faculty to student ratio was 1 to 7 for colleges and universities in Arlington. Texas School of Business East Inc had faculty to student ratio of 1 to 1, which was the highest for all schools in Arlington.
Need a little help deciding on what to study?
We've ranked the top 50 jobs in Arlington, TX to help you find the right study subject
that fits your interest!
Num of Jobs
Avg Salary (Nat'l)
Retail Salespersons 32,700 $24,260 $25,000 11.8%
Office Clerks, General 17,210 $28,570 $28,240 19.3%
Registered Nurses 14,780 $65,010 $67,720 32.7%
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education 14,680 $53,740 $54,330 44.1%
General and Operations Managers 11,950 $108,750 $113,100 -12.6%
Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive 11,230 $31,840 $32,000 -0.1%
First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers 11,050 $50,380 $50,770 9.2%
First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers 9,520 $40,440 $39,890 14.7%
Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks 9,020 $34,360 $35,340 -7.6%
Construction Laborers 7,700 $25,140 $33,590 -6.4%
Nursing Aides, Orderlies, and Attendants 7,020 $23,510 $25,140 -6.0%
Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants 6,830 $44,330 $45,860 -32.0%
Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education 6,300 $54,070 $54,880 26.0%
Cooks, Restaurant 6,230 $19,870 $23,260 7.8%
Accountants and Auditors 5,960 $72,320 $68,960 11.0%
Home Health Aides 5,520 $21,710 $21,760 224.7%
First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers 4,400 $54,650 $62,260 47.2%
Medical Assistants 4,160 $30,850 $29,760 100.0%
Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics 4,090 $37,050 $38,200 4.1%
Security Guards 4,010 $30,310 $26,870 -10.5%
Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses 3,970 $42,780 $41,360 -11.6%
Billing and Posting Clerks 3,920 $30,460 $33,270 42.0%
Medical Secretaries 3,860 $29,730 $31,820 543.3%
Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers 3,690 $57,040 $55,620 -10.2%
Cooks, Fast Food 3,430 $17,390 $18,540 61.8%
Electricians 3,200 $40,970 $51,810 19.0%
Carpenters 2,480 $31,320 $43,890 -30.3%
Hairdressers, Hairstylists, and Cosmetologists 2,460 $26,250 $26,510 28.8%
Software Developers, Applications 2,400 $78,780 $90,410
Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education 2,400 $29,330 $29,200 -24.8%
Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents 2,350 $62,750 $95,130 56.7%
Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products 2,270 $59,040 $60,160 34.3%
Computer Programmers 2,240 $70,930 $74,900
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters 2,220 $42,890 $50,360 -8.6%
Sales Managers 2,140 $104,760 $114,110 10.9%
Pharmacy Technicians 2,130 $30,890 $29,330 18.3%
Lawyers 2,090 $117,110 $129,440 1.0%
Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria 2,050 $20,160 $24,180 3.0%
Financial Managers 2,050 $107,170 $116,970 -7.2%
Education Administrators, Elementary and Secondary School 2,010 $78,440 $89,990 46.7%
Construction Managers 1,910 $80,260 $94,240 63.2%
Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers 1,820 $38,800 $44,860 21.3%
Educational, Guidance, School, and Vocational Counselors 1,810 $56,090 $55,970 86.6%
Mechanical Engineers 1,730 $74,160 $82,480 -19.5%
Food Service Managers 1,710 $43,970 $52,220 33.6%
Special Education Teachers, Preschool, Kindergarten, and Elementary School 1,680 $50,090 $55,220 58.5%
Administrative Services Managers 1,670 $90,310 $84,390 -27.1%
Correctional Officers and Jailers 1,630 $37,690 $42,780 -18.9%
Child, Family, and School Social Workers 1,620 $34,500 $43,850 141.8%
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technicians 1,600 $67,870 $56,690 -1.2%
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Banks still paying savers almost nothing despite high interest rates
By HEATHER LONG The Washington Post
Jan 30, 2019 at 12:27 PM Jan 30, 2019 at 4:45 PM
WASHINGTON — U.S. interest rates are at their highest level in more than a decade, a fact many savers have cheered. As the Federal Reserve hikes rates, savers are supposed to receive more interest on the money they hold in the bank. But so far, that’s not happening.
America’s biggest banks are still paying savers almost nothing in interest, even though the Fed has lifted interest rates to a range of 2.25 to 2.5 percent.
JPMorgan Chase, the nation’s largest bank, is paying 0.01 percent interest on a basic saving account, the equivalent of a dime a year for someone holding $1,000 at the bank. Bank of America is offering 0.03 percent interest and Wells Fargo is paying 0.01 percent, according to Bankrate.com.
The Fed is widely expected to leave interest rates unchanged Wednesday when central bank leaders wrap up their first meeting of the year to assess the health of the U.S. economy and whether rates should go up, go down or stay the same.
The interest rate that the Fed sets - known officially as the Federal funds rate - is the one that banks charge each other. Banks can turn around and set whatever rates they want for customers. Typically, banks raise the interest rates they pay savers when they want to attract deposits and win new customers. But right now analysts say large banks are flush with deposits and see little need to pay higher rates.
“Depositors have to be choosy about where they put their money. Many banks - the biggest banks in particular - continue to be stingy with their payouts,” said Greg McBride, chief financial analyst at Bankrate. “You can easily grow your interest earnings 10-fold just by moving your money to bank with a more attractive rate. “
To earn a higher rate, McBride encourages savers to look at online banks and smaller banks, which often pay a lot more interest and are still insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, meaning deposits up to $250,000 are safe no matter what happens to the bank. Vio Bank is offering 2.39 percent interest, for example, and State Farm Bank is paying 2.25 percent.
Savers are also told to consider putting money into “CDs,” certificates of deposit where borrowers lock in a higher interest rate for a year (or more) by promise not to make any withdrawals. But even CDs are only paying an average interest rate of 0.89 percent. That’s the biggest spread between the Fed’s interest rate and the 1-year CD ever, according to Bankrate, a sign of just how much savers are getting hurt if they don’t aggressively shop around for better rates.
Historically, savers have earned rates a lot closer to the Fed’s interest rate because banks were hungry for more deposits they could use to lend and competition among banks forced most to push rates higher. But experts say that’s not happening now because people rarely switch banks. The big banks are not worried about losing customers and they have sufficient funds on hand to lend.
“Competition among banks has not reached levels where banks need to raise CD rates,” said Kenneth Leon, global director of research at CFRA, an independent analysis firm. He points out that deposits at most large banks like Bank of America have been growing lately despite the low rates. (The one exception is Wells Fargo, which has struggled after numerous scandals, including the creation of fake accounts.)
While many Americans say they want to shop around for a bank that better serves them, few actually do. A Bankrate survey in 2017 found that the average American has used the same bank for their checking account for 16 years. Consulting firm Accenture found that only 11 percent of people in North America said they tried to switch banks in 2015 or 2016. The rate was slightly higher for Millennials - 19 percent - but still indicates a hesitancy to move.
The American Bankers Association, the trade group representing the industry, said customers recognize that banks are giving them more value by upgrading their systems to make banking safer and easier.
“Customers look for more than just interest on their deposits. They also value convenience, security and assurance their payments will be made,” said James Chessen, ABA’s chief economist. “When the Fed raises interest rates, all interest rates rise, but often at very different speeds depending on local market competition.”
The recent government shutdown, the longest in U.S. history, spotlighted how many Americans are living paycheck to paycheck and do not have much savings. The nation’s official savings rate is currently 6 percent, meaning the average American saves only $6 for every $100 they make.
The savings rate has been declining for years, which some economists attribute to years of stagnating wages for the middle class. The rate jumped after the Great Recession as people cut back on spending, but it is trending down again now.
With so little savings, Americans need to make the most of what they have, personal finance experts say.
“People are sloppy with their money. They are leaving a lot of potential interest earnings on the table by not looking for the best rate,” said McBride.
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Muay Thai Kickboxing in Lathrop
Welcome to KRU Martial Arts Training. Our entire staff would love to invite you to experience the ultimate in Martial Arts and Fitness success. What makes KRU Martial Arts Training special is that we are the only area martial arts school that uses in EVERY program we offer specialized curriculum. Our age specific children's programs not only separate through smaller age groups for more success, but are developed not just through martial arts moves but through Physical, Intellectual, Emotional and Social skills training. Our staff is dedicated to meet and exceed your expectations from our customer service in our office to the training floor by our certified Coaches and Instructors. You will find the best quality of instruction as well as have the best facility to train in. Great environment with all the benefits such as confidence, weight loss, strength, speed, self defense and more. If quality is what you are looking for, you are at the right place
What is "KRU"
KRU” is literally translated from the Thai language as meaning “teacher”. KRU Muay Thai is therefore a teaching style. Not to be confused with “cardio kickboxing”, The origins of Muay Thai date back thousands of years to Siam now known today as Thailand.“KRU” is also a homonym for “crew”, or defined as a group of single-minded people who share a common goal.Therefore we like to think that we never train without our “KRU”, our teachers and peers. The KRU Muay Thai curriculum thus involves both components, and is completed by our will to learn, progress and grow.
The KRU Muay Thai Student Program has 3 Levels broken into 9 Progressive Ranks. Although it looks a lot like kickboxing, Muay Thai is also known as the "Art/Science of 8 Limbs" and is revolving around use of the 2 fists, 2 elbows, 2 knees and 2 shin/feet.
Level 1 - Emphasis is an Offensive Tool Development and Conditioning.
Level 2 - Defensive Strategy and the art of Holding Pads
Level 3 - Awkward Styles. This is an exposure to not just classic Muay Thai technique, but recognition and application in the practice and defense when faced with other martial arts styles and street scenarios.
KRU Muay Thai is a highly sought after program that is practiced in schools from the West Coast of the United States to the UK in Europe.
Master Ace
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Blind Item #1 - Political Murder
Malcolm Young Has Died
Blind Item #9 - Blackmailing
Blind Items Revealed #5 - Anniversary Month
Four For Friday - Raped For A Part
Blind Items Revealed - Revisited
Blind Item #10 - The Cold Case Payouts
Today's Blind Items - Once In A Lifetime - Kindnes...
Blind Item #1 - Kindness
Random Photos Part One
Today's Blind Items - A Couple Of Rants From Himmm...
Today's Blind Items - Sex, Drugs & Death - Hollywo...
Blind Item #10 - Bohemian Grove Blind
Today's Blind Items - Child Porn And Drugs - The S...
What do you do if you are one of the richest, most powerful men Hollywood has ever seen? Well, if someone does something you don't like and the entire world is discussing it and you, then you take matters into your own hands. Almost two decades ago, that is exactly what happened. The person who did the something the whole world was discussing was found dead. No reason was ever given. None. Every single person interviewed said the deceased person had been in perfect health and took no drugs. Every single person interviewed was shocked that the person died. This was not a nobody who died. Our powerful man in Hollywood had him killed. Six months after the death, the two police detectives who had been handling the case got themselves contracts paying them $500K a year for 5 years working for a shell company owned by the powerful man. Probably just a coincidence. Before they left the force, they made sure the case was closed and that they took anything that could possibly lead back to the powerful man.
Posted by ent lawyer at 11:00 AM
Labels: blind item
sandybrook said...
Somebody Tupac knew? I wanted to say BIG but he got killed in a drive by. Who else may have known too much?
Sunspirit said...
Obviously someone else knows and blabbed. Hence this BI.
monteverde said...
Gianni Versace?
MKL said...
@sandybrook, this BI says that it happened *almost* 20 years ago- which to me, implies that it happened sometime between the tail-end of 1997-1999. Tupac died in '96.
Nobody involved with Tupac was the richest and most powerful man in Hollywood.
Ley Jam said...
Versace was murdered what about Kubrick?
kday said...
Thinking this might concern a public figure who died from an illness, hence the, "perfect health" comments.
The person who did something everybody was watching died almost 2 decades ago, so when did he do what he did?
other said...
LONG time lurker.... David Geffen, Journalist Tom King died at 39 in 2003. Don't know how to make the link 'click' but.... http://articles.latimes.com/2003/apr/15/local/me-king15
Katie Watkins said...
I like the Kubrick guess. Died in his sleep 6 days after a screening of Eyes Wide Shut. Warner Bros. said he turned in the final cut before his death but it was actually still in post-production mode.
Krab said...
Very good, other! Geffen hated King for his biography.
Although the entire world wasn't discussing Eyes Wide Shut so maybe not Kubrick.
If it's Kubrick though, why would US police detectives be involved?
educatedguess said...
http://nymag.com/nymetro/news/media/features/2329/index3.html
MamaLo said...
Nice work! (Just read the article) Definitely on board with this one
I think other got this, brilliant.
pkelly491 said...
Geffen and King seems to make sense to me.
Agree - probably Kubrik. Remember he was named as being involved in one of the US lunar landing conspiracies. However, I dug a little more and learned that Buddy the Wonder Dog from Air Bud died the same year as well. No mention of him ever doing drugs ANYWHERE on the web. Hmmmmmm
BayAreaGirl said...
Wow, the last quote in the NYMag article. Thanks educatedguess. Going to read that book now.
John Doe said...
I remember this story. This guy outed David Geffen as a greedy and ruthless manipulator who exploits and strongarms people, and Geffen had him poisoned. We've seen Geffen referred to in blinds as the executive that nobody messes with. Even presidents bow down to him and kiss his ass. He's been raping and murdering people a long time.
His fall from grace will be epic! I wonder though, who will be brave enough to take him down?
@John Doe,someone who is dying,or in trouble themselves could take him down. I think the fear is the fallout with other people.
Eyes Wide Shut was all about a secret society sex club. The ending of the film was edited after his death. When you watch the film, the covered sex actions appear to be between adults. I bet that is not what was originally in the film. I bet the film originally implicated a pedophile club and that is what was edited out/covered up. It has to be Kubric. When I saw the film when it came out, there seemed to be no reason for editing out sex with adults. That would change the impact of the film immensely, and give more reason as to why the elite characters were in a secret society after all. The soundtrack during those scenes also gives you a sense that there’s something more serious going on. What if Lelee Sobieski’s character popped back up in those final scenes? I’m totally guessing, but that film had to be the reason for what happened to Kubric and what we saw if the film was not the film he made.
Glue said...
My first thought was Versace, but after reading comments, you guys are right, Kubrick or King.
Interesting, What if Sonny Bono was in on exposing Geffen? He was in Congress at the time of his death, and he said many times how much he hated him.(Cher dated Geffen,for you younguns). I remember a lot of talk about him being murdered be cause of an investigation he was in on.
Boldblonde said...
Doubt it's Gianni. I can't think of something he could have done that would make someone want to kill him.
just sayin' said...
definitely geffen and kubrick. there was discussion about kubrick's death in a recent blind...trying to find....
i read about this in a reddit:
reddit conspiracy thread: Stanley Kubrick murdered because he revealed too much in Eyes Wide Shut?
a (hopefully) working link to the reddit above:
reddit consiracy thread: Stanley Kubrick murdered because he revealed too much in Eyes Wide Shut?
Kubrick died in Britain, at 70, why would US detectives get involved? Bueller?
I'm going with King.
Sue T. said...
Would anyone really be SHOCKED at a 70-year-old dying? The reaction described points to someone younger than Kubrick.
Kubrick seems tempting as an alternative---especially because of his connection to Stephen Spielberg, another ruthless industry bloodsucker. But Kubrick doesn't fit the blind. He didn't really do anything that personally targeted a huge Hollywood mogul that everyone was talking about.
I saw Eyes Wide Shut. I personally think that it was his worst movie. Nothing at all remarkable about it. He did do a private screening of an uncut version of the movie with Warner Bros executives and Tom Cruise and Nicole Kidman. And even though the final cut was done after his death I doubt very much that either Tom Cruise or Nicole Kidman would have ever agreed to star in a movie about adults raping children. Both were (and still are) way too concerned about their squeaky clean image.
Enty takes some of his clues directly from the public record of these types of incidents. Kubric died in his sleep. A cause of death was given (a massive heart attack). The blind says that the victim was found dead and that no reason was ever given---which is exactly what happened in King's case. Also, the blind says that people who were interviewed said that the deceased person had been in perfect health. That is an almost verbatim take from the articles that were written about King's death.
Has to be King who was said to have died of natural causes in an article from 2003. His friend was quoted saying that he was in good spirit and nothing seemed out of the ordinary.
i agree that geffen would be more angry about the book than the movie, but wasn't the world more obsessed with eyes wide shut than the book? i'm thinking of the regular world...i'm sure in hollywod circles the book was a bigger deal. i'd believe it was either one.
Bono dying was quite a shock to some. Wasn't it a skiing accident?
or both!
Alexandria Anna said...
I also think Stanley Kubrick fits, died in 1999, almost two decades. There is this theory, that his heart attack was induced by immersing him in cold water.
I always wondered if he went too far with Eyes Wide Shut, and someone would want to kill him for that. I'd die to know EVERYTHING about this! I had no idea, that there is another version of the movie, I gotta go read more about that, that's intriguing as hell!
Belinha Mcdermid said...
I'm are David Geffen is the powerful man! He always been shady and vindictive.
What’s with the blind title? The Cold Case Payouts.
Rinky said...
Its not Kubrick. he was 70, died of a massive heart attack EWS named nore threatened nobody. Tales of elites having gross occult sex orgies have been around for 100s of years. Nobody was named or even alluded to.
Tom King, on the other hand. Well, read the article: http://articles.latimes.com/2003/apr/15/local/me-king15
Money quotes:
"Entertainment journalist Tom King, who wrote the Wall Street Journal's influential "Hollywood Journal" column and a best-selling biography of mogul David Geffen, died Sunday. He was 39."
"King's death stunned the Hollywood community and his colleagues. Jonathan Friedland, the Journal's Los Angeles bureau chief, said it was "a terrible shock -- Tom was a great guy, seemingly in great health.""
@Shawn McGuire I also wondered about the title. Dr. Strangelove is about cold war...I thought this might be a hint..?
Or dying from being immersed in cold water...
Whoaa could be!!
Nrg Iseternal said...
Youre all missing the bighest clue.
NO CAUSE OF DEATH given
Not pac,biggie or kubrick
Cold case payouts---the case is cold because it was never solved. It was never solved because the police never investigated it. Read the blind. It says that the two detectives who were working the case were paid vast sums of money to destroy any evidence and make sure that the mogul would never be found out.
Itttt said...
The blind doesn’t mention which law enforcement agency these two “detectives” worked for so it could in effect be any police force domestic or foreign. However the excellent health and no drug comments have me thinking about shocking reputed/purported drug overdose deaths of notables from say the range of ‘97-2005. Why mention drugs in the blind if that wasn’t the rumored/speculated cause of death?
If it was Tom King (the Geffen bio he wrote came out in 2000), he died in the Hamptons...is the official autopsy report available (though no doubt coroners are just as easily bought off bribed and paid for as any other human). Was there even a police investigation opened into his death and if so, who were the detectives? Did they retire shortly thereafter and what did they subsequently do?
That LA Times obit is filled with interesting details...particularly the note about David Geffen’s brother, Mitchell. What family/brotherly secrets does Mitchell have I wonder:
“King was in the Hamptons in New York visiting Broadway producer Jeffrey Seller ("Rent"), a friend of King since they attended a summer theater program for high school students in 1981.
Seller said that King had been in good spirits but had complained of a headache, although it seemed nothing out of the ordinary. Seller said he discovered King shortly before 8 a.m. Sunday collapsed on a bathroom floor. King was taken to Southampton Hospital, where he was pronounced dead. Initial reports said the death was due to natural causes, but an autopsy will be conducted to determine the exact cause.”
“Published in 2000, King's "The Operator: David Geffen Builds, Buys and Sells the New Hollywood" was the product of nearly 300 interviews, lauded as a highly readable portrayal of one of Hollywood's most powerful and feared executives. A Times story called it "an unflinching portrait," and the San Francisco Chronicle called it a "detailed portrait of Hollywood's premier manipulator."
King was especially praised for forging ahead with the book amid a heated falling out with Geffen midway through his reporting. As King recounted in the forward of his book, Geffen initially gave him extraordinary access to his life, even authorizing his psychiatrist to be interviewed.
But their relationship turned chilly when King mentioned he would be interviewing Geffen's brother, Mitchell, with whom the mogul wasn't speaking.”
minya said...
I don't think it was King. He was a gossip writer, essentially a nobody. Yeah the book is embarassing, but it wouldnt have been the first time G. Was embarassed by Hollywood Gossip.
Sonny Bono fits. Definitely not a nobody, and a thorn in the side of Geffen and his pals the Clintons. He was investigating political corruption, military corruption, and drug and arms sales, and his copyright law carved out exceptions that would cost Geffen money. He also died in the snow. He was an expert skier, going off piste of an intermediate trail in good conditions. Reportedly he wasn't going fast and didn't break any ribs or limbs and reportedly only had damage to his head and face, but there was no reported cause of death and the autopsy was suppressed.
meanie beanie said...
http://www.disclose.tv/news/stanley_kubrick_said_pedophiles_run_the_world_claims_nicole_kidman/139462
Kimberley said...
I think also that this is Tom King; it would make more sense.
Also, Sonny Bono didn't do drugs, and toxicology reports showed no drugs or alcohol, but months later he was revealed to have a "secret drug problem".
http://m.sfgate.com/collegesports/article/Bono-Drugs-led-to-Sonny-s-death-3058809.php
@Alexandria Anna - if you want to know more about the film, I came across a YouTube guy called Jay - sorry I can't remember his surname - but look for 'The Illuminati in Hollywood.' Jay does lots of philosophical treatises, but his most popular subject is about the films of Hollywood - he dissects them.
Eyes Wide Shut has loads of Illuminati symbols and symbolism.
David Geffen’s brother, Mitchell, is an attorney...presumably the one listed as living in Encino (findlaw has the address and phone number).
Although another site shows Palm Desert.
Btw, the anonymous antagonist of Carly Simon’s “You’re So Vain” was mostly about David “shitheel lying cheating sack of dogshit” Geffen. That should be the REAL full name of the UCLA School of Medicine he’s so obsessed with ensuring is on every single piece of stationary letterhead and document.
This is King and Geffen. King pissed him off with the book. Geffen took it very personally. He is the mogul.
http://www.nytimes.com/library/books/030600geffen-biography.html
http://www.nytimes.com/books/00/03/26/reviews/000326.26hirscht.html
http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/culturebox/2000/03/david_geffen_is_right_to_get_upset.html
Here is a very interesting perspective from a book called The Devil's Guide to Hollywood (page 277)
https://books.google.com/books?id=5UCFAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA275&lpg=PA275&dq=death+of+tom+king+new+york+writer+geffen&source=bl&ots=xtRveiKdxK&sig=WdXr0vX9iYvqv-TKyT9gI1u5vxo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjVtOLyiMTXAhXCQyYKHcrjAx8Q6AEIVTAH#v=onepage&q=death%20of%20tom%20king%20new%20york%20writer%20geffen&f=false
Ah, I've just seen Minya's comment, so it could be Sonny Bono.
@Kimberley Thank You, I'll look it up!
I got so excited that this blind item could be about Stanley Kubrick, daaaamn I want this answered so bad! And if it's not, I wonder who is the person and what the person in question did, that whole world was discussing it..
Never mind, Mitchell (born Mischa) died in 2006 according to wiki
Back in the 60s when I was working in London, a girl friend of mine asked me to meet her at her office one night after work. She had an 'audition reel' she wanted me to see. Since I was also working in the film industry I jumped at the chance. She made me promise on my cat I would never, ever discuss what I was about to see. Now, almost 50 years later, I am. It was a Kubrick audition tape with big, buxom gals nude writhing on the floor to music! You could hear the man behind the camera giving them directions. This audition was for a walk-on! No dialog. My friend said, 'There's a nice section, too.' There, in her long-haired glory was a young, beautiful girl in her early 20's that became a major A+ (at one time) actress. She didn't have to disrobe. Just do some dance moves. After it was all over she said, "These are the only two I can show you. I'd never work in this town again (sound familiar?) if I showed you the rough stuff with the guys!" See, nothing changes.
King was not a gossip writer. He wrote for the Wall Street Journal. He moved to LA to cover Hollywood industry stuff. The WSJ does not publish tabloid/gossip material. And, he was certainly not a nobody. He had a reputation of being a hard-nosed journalist. The things that King wrote in his book was not just gossip meant to embarrass Geffen, they were facts about how the Hollywood system really works. King's writings in this instance was not a piece for the Journal. It was actually a biography about Geffen's life. Initially, Geffen was agreeable to the interviews but then he found out that King had been talking to certain other industry people who gave extremely unflattering interviews about how Geffen used and abused and screwed people over to build his empire, and Geffen did not want that stuff in the book. He and King had a big falling out over it, and he declined to give King any more interviews. King published the book anyway and it was a huge blow to the image that Geffen had carefully built up for himself. The publisher had taken out billboard ads for the book on some of Hollywood's hottest spots before the book was released, and everyone in town was talking about it.
Geffen was pissed off at Greg Allman, not Sonny. Sonny had long moved on from Cher and from the entertainment industry when he died. True, he was involved in investigating political corruption at the time of his death, and he probably was murdered by people in politics who he pissed off, but there was nothing going on around that time that the 'whole world' was talking about involving Sonny and a Hollywood mogul.
The blind says no reason was ever given for the deceased's death. They DID give a reason for Sonny's death.
Maybe we should all go and buy King’s book to try to help push this story up and out. And with Geffen, I don’t know s whole lot about him (bar what I’ve read on here - but the one thing that I always associate him with is Kurt Cobain thanking him during the MTV Unplugged performance. And, of course, now that makes my brain scream “CONSPIRACY... MURDER... COVER-UP...”
@John Doe,the mystery death in the blind is likely King,since his death was very strange. But Geffen did still have a beef with Sonny, not because of Cher,but because of past dealings in the music industry and his,work on copyright laws,which actually bears his name. Sonny's death was supposedly from a doing accident,but the injuries were unusual and later they linked it to him being a prescription drug addict,for no other purpose than to discredit him.
+1 john doe for the title explanation.
still think it's kubrick.
people think: was THE ENTIRE WORLD dicussing the david geffen bio? did you? ever? was THE ENTIRE WORLD discussing "eyes wide shut"? were you? i sure was. tom cruise and nicole kidman. the biggest superstar couple of the decade naked and having sex in a movie about an international sex and murder cult? mr. scientology himself?
the actual movie disappointed. not as much action as hoped and the sex cult revealed nothing really. i'd guess, knowing that the movie filmed for years and kubrick famously shot tons of reels of film that it was edited down to a safe version.
given the tenor of recent blinds about hollywood and sex, and geffen, which makes more sense. geffen HATED the bio. but it effectively called him an asshole, not a sex criminal. i did a search of the bio for the terms "sex ring", "pedophile" and "pedophilia" and got zero hits.
@John Doe And Tom King died of Natural Causes. It could go either way, but why wait three years to kill King? Bono on the other hand was an increasingly popular representative who opposed gay marriage and "eroded gay rights" at the time he was killed.
That said, the last line of this article from 2000 is pretty chilling if it was King.
http://nymag.com/nymetro/news/media/features/2329/
"Who cares what David Geffen thinks of him? He's a reporter at the Wall Street Journal. What's the worst thing that could happen to Tom? He won't get a contract at DreamWorks?"
Joker said...
Geffen not happy with journalist Tom King who died at musical producers house in the Hamptons after complaining of a headache. 2003
In other news, good business in the Hamptons for ex cops doing security for Puff Daddy and the rest. 2004
http://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/08/nyregion/cops-as-private-guards-to-serve-and-protect-whom.html
Who knows what goes on in this world...random events meet random gossip.
Joel Theriot said...
Versace was killed by a lunatic spree murderer who killed at least one other person (in Chicago). Maureen Orth(?) wrote a book about this.
JOE SOAP said...
It's not Kubrick.
Anyone who believes he was murdered needs to understand what the man was going through in his personal life.
His daughter Vivian – a Scientologist – had completely disconnected from the family. Vivian was the one who was most like her father: was interested in film, composed the music for Full Metal Jacket, and directed a behind the scenes documentary on The Shining. When she disconnected from her family, it broke her father's heart, and no amount of letter writing from him could get her to come back. The stresses of making Eyes Wide Shut, his age, and the breakdown in communication with his daughter eventually killed him. There was no conspiracy involved.
The truth behind the creation of the Dionysian orgy scenes in Eyes Wide Shut is much more amusing and absurd than any conspiracy theories, and says more about Kubrick than any ruling elite.
Kubrick was moderninsing the masked ball scenes from the early 20th Century Austrian novel, Traunovelle, for which he requested the writer Frederic Raphael make up a fictitious backstory for:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1jDvMZcrZ8&t=1m11s
Urthor said...
I don't think it's necessarily Kubrick at all, Tom King also fits extremely well. That's the sad part, the story easily fits multiple scenarios so it's a bit of a ??? blind.
If this is about Tom King, I will be disappointed with Enty's phrase "almost two decades ago." King died less than one-and-a-half decades ago.
thank you, joe soap, this is great information. i'm open to any answer, i try to find the one that makes the most sense to me. killing a guy 3 years after a book comes out seems like a stretch.
what were the hot topics of the day that "the entire world" was discussing that connected to geffen?
emeraldcity said...
@meanie beanie, good catch on Nicoles commenets. So it seems it wasn't the pretty tepid 'Eyes wide Shut' that got him killed but the movie he was about to make regarding pedophiles running the world. Makes a lot more sense.
Amazing how many of these choices connect to SFIO, Sonny Bono was involved with them as well,although not officially, and he joins a long list of people connected to them to die mysteriously.
Scientology of course.
Pink_Palace said...
Minya and aanjheni - I found it weird that not only Bono but a Kennedy dying the SAME WAY, within a VERY SHORT time period.
TWO expert skiiers died skiing that year by running into trees. And zero since? Yeah right!!
Frank Gifford’s daughter from his first marriage was married to Matthew LeMoyne sp? Kennedy, and he had just been busted w/the 15 year old babysitter or nanny. New Years trip skiing w/the other Kennedys and he died by running into a tree as he played FOOTBALL going down the slopes. Football, something his father-in-law was great at, which humored me...but the Clintons were in the White House and had more “gates” than any other sitting president in recent history, Whitewatergate was just the most infamous at the time.
I always wondered about these two...
Perhaps Mary Bono was paid for her silence, by “winning” her husband’s seat?!
@emerald city
That article quoting alleged comments made by Nicole Kidman - and all the other sites that have copy/pasted it - doesn't even cite a source for where the comments originated from or who conducted the interview, and if you search for it, you won't find any source for the original public interview that supposedly took place during the promotional tour for Big Little Lies 2. Why? Because they were clearly made up by a site that is known for inventing unsourced nonsense.
If it was real, and only recently happened, it wouldn't be hard to find the original interview and the quotes wouldn't sound so out of place coming from Nicole Kidman. Besides, Kubrick's circumstances don't even fit this blind item, it clearly relates to Geffen.
Lets refocus. The blind is not about the Illuminati or the Co$. It is about a feud between one of the most powerful Hollywood moguls and someone who pissed him off 20 years ago. All of these other people who are being proposed as possibilities had a reason for their cause of death given---except King. Whether the reason given was false or not, the blind says that "...no reason was ever given. None...." That is an important part of the clue. I don't understand why people keep saying Sonny Bono and Stanley Kubrick when causes of death were given for both of them.
The blind's reference to what happened almost two decades ago isn't about the actual death of the deceased. It is about the time when the mogul decided to 'take matters into his own hands'. King began collaborating with Geffen to write the biography in 1996. The fallout between them happened in 1997---exactly two decades ago is when Geffen began to push back against publication of the book. The following article gives more context to their relationship. (It is long but worth the read)
King said things in that book about Geffen and his family and his business relationships that Geffen had not anticipated and really did not like. He was constantly calling King to get him to not publish the book. Geffen NEVER calls anybody to beg for anything.
The article notes that Geffen called his friends at the Wall Street Journal to try to discredit King. Then he called his friends at all the networks and told them not to give any coverage to King's book.
People in New York and LA were incessantly talking about this book. Its release was widely anticipated. King went on a tour to promote the book. He was identified as Geffen's #1 enemy. The last part of the article is the interesting part. Geffen vowed that King would come to regret his 'betrayal' and that he would never write another book in Hollywood. I've read parts of this book. Its not just about all the men (and women) who Geffen literally screwed (and there were a LOT of them. It also talks a lot about his shady business deals and casts numerous aspersions on Geffen's character. Geffen became physically ill after reading a pre-release copy of the book, and was so affected by it that he was seeing a psychiatrist. To a vain celebrity like Geffen, I can easily see how that would set him off.
Why would anyone want to cross this guy? He has put his penis inside pretty much every male and female 'star' in the entertainment industry over the years---including the likes of John Lennon and Michael Jackson and Cher. He has amassed an empire worth over $8 billion dollars. He donates large amounts of money to charitable causes and political campaigns and has friends everywhere. He also has an appetite for young flesh, but I digress. When you're this rich and powerful you get away with everything! In his mind he is a god...perhaps of the ilk of George Soros. I call these people 'The untouchables.' If you fuck with them and they really don't like it you're going to end up ruined or dead. And they have the resources to make sure that the truth never comes out.
@Just sayin
The "entire world" in this context cannot be literal. Most people do not know who the Hollywood moguls themselves are, even though they are ardent fans of the stars who the moguls produce. I seriously doubt that most of the 5.8 billion people who were living on this planet in 1997 knew who David Geffen was, or that most of the 6 billion who were living on the planet in 1999 were talking about Eyes Wide Shut.
However, the blind makes perfect sense if the 'entire world' is taken to mean the entire world of Hollywood. People talked about Sonny Bono after his death, agreed. But it was brief and quickly forgotten. At the time of his death Sonny was an obscure politician who many people talked about only because Cher (who was on the top of the world at the time with her hit 'Believe' tour) got involved with his funeral. Sonny was a nice guy and a good politician. But, the truth is that no one in Hollywood cared about Sonny anymore---except for the Co$ losers who were trying to preventing him from leaving their so-called church.
Kubrick was married and lived with his wife in England. Unless the lizard people kidnapped him from his house and immersed him in sub-zero fluids for a significant period of time to trigger cardiogenic shock and myocardial infarction I don't see how he fits either.
wow @Beanie, that article is interesting. Kubrick definitely ruffled some feathers.
CB said...
Probably worth noting that the police department (Suffolk County PD) that covers the Hamptons and would have been investigating Tom King's death is widely considered to be one of the most corrupt police departments in the country, to the extent that a former police chief is currently serving a 46 month prison sentence and the long-time district attorney and his aide, the leader of the unit that investigates corruption within the department, have both recently been indicted on federal charges relating to conspiracy and corruption.
Volt61 said...
@John Doe - I enjoy your perspective on these blinds and following your logic in general.
good points, john doe, i'm slowly being converted. it did occur to me that "entire world" could mean everyone in geffen's world rather than the rest of us. and he wasn't discussed as being a part of "eyes wide shut" at the time. also whatever sonny bono was pushing for in congress wasn't being discussed as connected to geffen by the "entire world" at the time. i usually resort to occam's razor and didn't on this one.
joe soap: very true that one can't rely on reddit posts as authority. i posted that as a reference only. i'd mentioned i'd recently come across the kubrick murder theory and was posting the source. heaven forbid anyone think i take reddit as gospel. if we did we'd also have to believe that nicole kidman participated in the baby-eating rituals some redditers say her father ran, lol.
partygirlemma said...
I’ve never heard of David Geffen please could someone enlighten me to what it is that he’s done? From what I’ve read he seems to be very powerful but also very corrupt but to what extent? Thanks
Read Tom King’s book, party girl Emma. As for the Suffolk County P.D. - were there 2 detectives that retired/semi retired within a year of the death in ‘03? And/or joined some companies as “consultants” or execs of some sort?
Sonny Bono was sking with his wife and kids, so are the ones thinking it is him, thinking that there was someone nefarious waiting around the ski slopes for something to happen to one of the kids, so the wife would stop and Sonny would ski ahead? He took a well traveled, but intermediate ski run, at a resort he had gone to for over 20 years, I just find it hard to imagine there were ppl just hanging around hoping he would choose that path when he was out sking with his family. just a week or so prior there had been another ski fatality at a different resort, of Michael Kennedy.
Kubrick died overseas, I doubt 2 police detectives would be involved. I am with the King guess also.
gilgongo said...
John Doe, you're right about the almost two decades ago reference. Hardly any doubt left as to who the blind is about. Thanks.
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Home > Betting > 2009 > 12/13 > Getting Paid for Overtime: Finding Potential Profits from the Volume of 3-Point Games in the NHL
Getting Paid for Overtime: Finding Potential Profits from the Volume of 3-Point Games in the NHL
Updated: December 16, 2009 at 12:34 am by Jeff Tay
On any given night, a quick glance down the NHL scoreboard will more than likely yield a few sightings of ‘FINAL-OT’ or ‘FINAL-SO’. Three-point games in the NHL this season have become somewhat of an epidemic. In fact, out of the 60 nights of NHL hockey that we have enjoyed so far this season, only 14 of those nights ended with no games going to overtime or shootout, and many of these OT-less nights actually featured no more than 3 games on the schedule. At the other end of the spectrum, the busiest nights on the NHL schedule, Saturday nights, have averaged nearly 3.5 OT contests each.
However, it may be most surprising to find that highest OT-to-game ratio actually occurs on the day of the week with the fewest NHL games: Sundays. Out of the 20 NHL games played so far this season on Sundays, 8 of those games have actually finished in OT or SO. That is a whopping 40%—whereas, by comparison, a total of 27.3% of all NHL games played this season have gone to OT or SO.
Perhaps, this is an anomaly, and a mere 20 games do not make a large enough sample size, or perhaps, there might be something more to it. Many teams that play on Sundays are also involved in games the night before, and many Sunday games also start earlier in the day than the usual 7PM local time. Such factors could play a part in this statistic, and it might be something worth keeping an eye on.
Also worth keeping an eye on, would be the teams that have been involved in many of these overtime sessions. The Dallas Stars currently sit at the top of this list, with 13 of their 31 games this season going to at least OT, and not too far behind Dallas are the Florida Panthers and Tampa Bay Lightning, each with 12 OT appearances. However, delving a little deeper, the Anaheim Ducks might actually hold the most lop-sided stat, having seen 6 out of their 12 road games this season go to extra time. Other notables have been the New York Islanders 8 out of 20 road games going past regulation, Calgary’s 7 out of 17 road games ending in OT/SO, and Chicago’s 7 out of 16 home games ending in an extra frame.
With so many 3-point games this season, and so many teams having tendencies to play to them, the possibilities of profiting from these games are wide open. Perhaps, the Calgary Flames +0.5 in regulation may be the way to play them the next time they visit the Chicago Blackhawks, or even a regulation time TIE at +300 might be worth a look if Dallas ever plays Tampa Bay on a Sunday afternoon.
27.3% of all NHL games this season have gone to OT/SO, so don’t be surprised about how often it happens, and don’t be afraid to factor them into your bets.
Jeff Tay
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Stanley Cup Odds Update: Free Agency Shifts Futures
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by OddsShark (@OddsShark) The Tampa Bay Lightning may have been one of the least active teams during the first few days of free agency, but they are simply hoping another successful regular season with almost all of the same players will turn out better next year. The Lightning are +700 favorites (bet $100 to win…
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NHL Mock Draft 2019: No.31 — Lassi Thomson
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Student wore a female rubber mask and wig to spy on women in public toilets
Updated: 10:27 EDT, 11 May 2011
Student put on Sex Offenders' Register
Hardman took pictures of women's feet under the cubicle on his mobile phone
Toilet spy: Joel Hardman, 22, listened to women going to the toilet for sexual gratification
A student who wore a female rubber mask while spying on women in shopping centre toilets has escaped jail.
Joel Hardman, 22, also put on a jet-black wig so he could slip into the women's toilets unnoticed at the Bullring, Birmingham.
The MA student, described in court as an intelligent man, got sexual gratification from listening to women use the toilet - and even made audio recordings.
Hardman, who had previously admitted watching someone during a private act for his own sexual gratification, said he initially went into the University of Birmingham's women's toilets.
But one month before he was caught, he switched to the Bullring - which saw 276,000 people visit on the day it opened - because it was 'busier'.
Hardman was finally caught out in the pale skin mask and black wig by a female shopper on April 3.
She reported to a shopping centre employee that she had seen someone looking like a 'mannequin' enter the women's toilets.
Security officers caught Hardman as he attempted to make for the exit after bursting from a cubicle.
The postgraduate student confessed that he liked to 'listen to ladies urinate'.
He was also found to have taken three pictures on his mobile phone of women's feet under the cubicle walls - and even had a bizarre audio recording that appeared to be the sound of a toilet flushing.
Jonathan Purser, prosecuting, said: 'Many people saw this gentleman wearing a mask and wig. Some were frightened at his appearance.'
Disguise: Hardman used this wig 'like a mannequin' to cover his face and also wore this black wig
Frightening: Hardman's disguise terrified women at the Bullring in Birmingham
Sophia Ali, defending, claimed Hardman was 'ashamed and embarrassed' by his actions and that he feared any conviction may affect his Master's course.
She also added that he was remorseful and accepted he needed help after he was ordered to register as a sex offender for five years.
Sergeant John Mawhinney, from Birmingham Central Police station, which patrols the Bullring, said: 'Hardman terrified innocent women for his own gratification.
'Thankfully, security staff were quick to respond and detained him at the scene.
'It is thanks to their actions and the vigilance of the member of the public who reported Hardman's suspicious behaviour that others were not targeted.'
Magistrates told Hardman, from Edgbaston, Birmingham, that they had a duty to protect the public.
He was given a three-year community order and placed on the sex offenders' treatment programme at Birmingham Magistrates' Court yesterday.
Bullring: Student sneaked into the womens' toilets at the iconic Birmingham shopping centre
Joel Hardman wore female rubber mask and wig to spy on women in public toilets
Volunteers and off-road vehicles join hunt for bikini-clad 69-year-old after husband says she was 'abducted' when she vanished four days ago while holding a beer but no phone as they hiked 100-degree Mojave Desert
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Sturridge let-off: FA hand ex-Liverpool striker a paltry two-week ban for text tip to his brother about loan move... and it starts from NOW (when he doesn't even have a club to play for!)
Eddie Hearn reveals Anthony Joshua doesn't 'remember anything from the third round' of his shock knockout defeat by Andy Ruiz Jnr and claims the Brit was 'too confident' of victory
Anthony Joshua doesn't remember anything from third round of Andy Ruiz fight
The Brit was floored twice in the third round after being caught with a right hook
Joshua was eventually stopped in the seventh as he surrendered his world titles
Hearn insisted that doctors told him 'nothing major' after the shock defeat
He also said: 'I think Joshua was probably too over confident going into the fight'
By Jordan Seward For Mailonline
Published: 04:46 EDT, 8 June 2019 | Updated: 06:47 EDT, 8 June 2019
Eddie Hearn has revealed Anthony Joshua has little memory of the third round during his shock defeat against Andy Ruiz Jnr.
The Brit was floored four times as he surrendered his heavyweight world titles to the Mexican last weekend at New York's Madison Square Garden.
Joshua initially had Ruiz hurt in the third round but the whole momentum of the fight shifted after he was caught by a right hook round the back of his ear.
Eddie Hearn has revealed Anthony Joshua doesn't remember the third round of Andy Ruiz fight
🗨 @EddieHearn: “He (Joshua) doesn’t remember anything from the third round.” 😳
Watch the EXCLUSIVE interview about all of the drama surrounding #JoshuaRuiz now on our YouTube Channel & App 🎥 pic.twitter.com/5NxkXhfadp
— DAZN USA (@DAZN_USA) June 7, 2019
'Dad came up with a plan to beat Carl Frampton... on the... Anthony Joshua's defeat by Andy Ruiz Jnr was a seismic... 'Adonis is back!': Scarred Canadian boxer Stevenson gives... 'I can't believe Eddie is putting him straight back in there...
The Brit, who is still in America, passed the brain scan in his dressing room after his seventh-round stoppage defeat but was house bound on the doctor's orders for the early part of this week.
Hearn gave an update on Joshua's well-being, telling DAZN: 'The doctors didn't tell us anything major. He doesn't remember anything from the third round.
'In fact he has taken a little bit of positivity from the fact he managed to go four more rounds after that because he said his senses weren't there.
Joshua was dropped four times as he surrendered his world titles to Ruiz Jnr last weekend
Joshua never recovered from a right hook round the back of his ear in the third round
'He got clipped with a shot round the side of the head and didn't really recover. He got up four times, even with the stoppage at the end, it was 100 per cent the right stoppage.
'But at the end, we were watching it last night, he goes yes I can continue, goes to walk forward and the referee just nudges him and then he goes back on the ropes and then he stops it. I'm actually glad he did because Anthony would have kept going all night.'
Joshua and his team this week exercised their right to trigger the rematch clause in the contract with the fight set for the winter, possibly to take place in the UK.
Hearn also believes that Joshua was overly confident of victory going into the fight
When you can’t pedal forward we push , when there are no bikes left we share. No one gets left behind 💯 #brotherhood #newyork
A post shared by JC 🎾 (@jcelite14) on Jun 7, 2019 at 9:24am PDT
Hearn believes the Brit went into the fight with too much confidence and will be hurting after suffering the first defeat of his professional career.
He told BBC Radio 5 Live podcast No Passion, No Point: 'Ruiz's confidence is going to go through the roof, AJ's confidence probably isn't going to be the same.
'I think he was probably too over confident. What we saw was one of the biggest heavyweight shocks of all time but we also saw an amazing fight and now it's down to Anthony.'
The pair of heavyweights are due to meet again in a rematch this winter, possibly in the UK
Anthony Joshua doesn't 'remember anything from the third round' of loss to Andy Ruiz, says Hearn
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Sturridge let-off: FA hand ex-Liverpool striker a two-week ban for text tip to his brother about loan...
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Skinny Colin Farrell has the look of love as he goes public with new British girlfriend
Updated: 13:49 EDT, 1 July 2008
It looks as though Colin Farrell may have found true love at last.
The actor is said to be smitten with new girlfriend Emma Forrest and the pair were pictured together for the first time in Hollywood yesterday.
A very skinny Farrell, who lost weight for his role as wartime photographer in the upcoming film Triage, appeared happy and relaxed as he took Emma on a movie date.
Colin Farrell shows off his new girlfriend Emma Forrest at a Hollywood cinema yesterday
Farrell,32, has been seeing the English novelist for the last six months and is said to be so smitten that he has swapped partying on the towns for cosy evenings in with her.
A source told The Sun: "Colin is a changed man. He has knocked the drinking on the head and is enjoying life in a completely different way.
'Emma has been a steadying influence.
Tamed: Emma is said to have put an end to Colin's wild lifestyle
'They have spent months trying to keep the relationship secret because they are falling madly in love. In the past, Colin has gone for stereotypical movie star girlfriends but Emma has offered him something completely different.'
It has also been suggested the couple are planning to move in together in Los Angeles in the near future.
Earlier this month, it was reported Colin had married Irish student Muireann McDonnell after the actor was seen sporting a band on the ring finger of his left hand.
Colin looking thin as he runs up the beach after having a swim in Malibu last week
Theresa May warns that 'ill words lead to ill deeds'
Adorable boy sings Happy Birthday to Duchess of Cornwall in Devon
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CPS workers urge Texas leaders to drop appeal of federal judge's foster care ruling
Filed under Politics at Mar 2016
Robert T. Garrett, Austin Bureau chief
Connect with Robert T. Garrett
AUSTIN -- Current and retired Child Protective Services workers urged Texas leaders Wednesday to drop the state’s appeal of a federal judge’s ruling that its long-term foster care is “broken” and that caseloads for CPS workers assigned to watch over foster children should be reduced.
"We've been screaming for decades, help, help, help," retired CPS worker and program director Sue Ann Ruth of Dallas said at a Capitol news conference arranged by the Texas State Employees Union.
"Nothing's happened," said Ruth, who worked for CPS for 30 years. "We cannot do this. Children are at risk."
In December, U.S. District Judge Janis Graham Jack of Corpus Christi ruled in favor of nine children who sued the state in 2011 on behalf of all 12,000 children who have lingered at least a year -- and sometimes, for many years -- in paid foster care in which services are provided by adults who are strangers to the youngsters.
In a scathing opinion, Jack said the system is underfunded and a place "where rape, abuse, psychotropic medication and instability are the norm."
The Texas Department of Family and Protective Services, CPS' parent agency, has said it's gradually improving the system -- something it said Jack ignored.
Attorney General Ken Paxton has asked the 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals to block Jack from naming a special master and freezing further placements of children in certain group foster homes, which care for 7 to 12 children each. Paxton urged the appeals court to stay an injunction by Jack, though he has not yet filed an appeal of her ruling.
Paxton has denounced Jacks' decision as an overreach that relied too much on "anecdotal evidence" of sexual and physical abuse of foster children. He said allowing her to appoint the special master who would demand that Texas revise policies and spend more on CPS conservatorship workers and child-care licensing inspectors would amount to a "judicial takeover" of Texas' foster care system.
On Wednesday, the state employees' union, which represents about 1,250 protective-services workers, held a "Capitol Day of Action." After holding their press conference under the Rotunda, more than a dozen members fanned out to meet with legislative staff and urge more spending to reduce foster-care workers' caseloads.
Susan Rial, who is CPS' "risk manager" in Region 3, which includes Dallas-Fort Worth, told reporters that "unmanageable workloads" keep CPS workers up at night.
"We can't stop thinking about whether we've missed something, or how we're ever going to get something done," she said.
High turnover among caseworkers escalates the problem, as each departing worker's children are added to colleagues' rosters of kids they're supposed to watch, frustrating them further, she said.
"It's a vicious, vicious circle and it's going on right now," Rial said. "There is no debate about this; there is no gray area. Lower caseloads improve outcomes and save lives."
Also on Wednesday, the advocacy group Texans Care for Children said new data from the department show that while CPS workers' caseloads have improved slightly from 2014 to last year, the number is still hazardous to the well being of the state's abused and neglected children.
Among conservatorship or foster care workers, for example, average caseloads declined from 31 children per worker in 2014 to 28 last year. However, the Child Welfare League of America recommends no more than 17 families be assigned to each worker, with no more than one new case assigned for every six open ones.
“When children have been through abuse or neglect and then removal from their homes, they shouldn’t have to compete with 27 other vulnerable children for the support of a single CPS caseworker,” said Stephanie Rubin, chief executive of Texans Care for Children. "The Legislature needs to step up and provide the funding it takes to keep these kids safe and help them recover from their trauma.”
Both Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick and House Speaker Joe Straus have directed panels of lawmakers in their chambers to study how to improve foster care. On April 20, the Senate Health and Human Services Committee is scheduled to hear testimony on the increasing complexity of foster children's problems, how often planned adoptions are disrupted and how to better track child abuse recidivism.
CPS: The evolving foster-care crisis in Texas
Texas must alleviate 'crushing' foster care caseworker workloads, appeals court rules
Texas focused more on fighting lawsuit than fixing foster care, child welfare advocates say
To force Texas to improve its foster care system, judge exerts her authority in an aggressive plan
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Jughead #266
Archie, 1965 Series
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Indicia Frequency
Publisher's Age Guidelines
Approved by the Comics Code Authority
Archie Comic Publications, Inc.
Archie Series [vertical]
John L. Goldwater (editor); Richard H. Goldwater (managing editor)
Standard Silver Age US; later Standard Modern Age US
Glossy cover; Newsprint interior
Saddle-stitched
Was Ongoing Series
[no title indexed] (Table of Contents)
Jughead / cover / 1 page (report information)
Dan DeCarlo Jr.
Jon D'Agostino
First Line of Dialogue or Text
I refuse to work for companies that pollute!
Jughead Jones; Archie Andrews; Betty Cooper
Jughead takes a stand on corporate polluters.
in Archi Serie Avestruz (Editorial Novaro, 1975 series) #188 (15 de abril de 1983)
View: Large
Edit cover
Yowsa Yowsa (Table of Contents: 1) (Expand) /
Josie; Hostess / advertisement / 1 page (report information)
Stunted Scheme (Table of Contents: 2)
Jughead / comic story / 6 pages (report information)
Samm Schwartz
Jughead Jones; Moose Mason; Reggie Mantle; Miss Grundy; Archie Andrews
In order to convince Moose to part with a Bonsai tree he intends for Miss Grundy, Jughead convinces Moose the tree contains a fearsome contagion.
Sad and Glad (Table of Contents: 3)
Li'l Jinx's Chum, Fat Charley / comic story / 0.5 page (report information)
Joe Edwards
Charley Hawse; Li'l Jinx
Charley looks at his failing report card from the bright side.
[Jughead's Gag Bag] (Table of Contents: 4)
Jughead / comic story / 0.5 page (report information)
Bob Montana
Jughead Jones; Miss Grundy; Archie Andrews; Mr. Weatherbee
Jughead relates an anecdote; Jughead and Archie give Mr. Weatherbee a rocking chair.
from ?
Indexer Notes
These are reprints of two Archie syndicated newspaper strips.
The Latin Flavor (Table of Contents: 5)
Jughead Jones; Maria Rodriguez; Ethel Muggs; Betty Cooper; Veronica Lodge; Pop Tate
Jughead's Spanish teacher assigns his daughter to tutor Jughead in order to pick up his grades. When Betty and Veronica see them together, they assume the two are dating.
in The Jughead Jones Comics Digest (Archie, 1977 series) #25 (June 1983)
Chew Chew Baby (Table of Contents: 6)
Jughead Jones; Veronica Lodge; Hiram Lodge; Archie Andrews; Betty Cooper
Veronica sets Jughead up with a hoax charity, hoping to demonstrate to everyone that he's as stupid as she thinks he is.
in Jughead's Double Digest (Archie, 1989 series) #93 (May 2003), #165 (January 2011)
Jug's Scrambled Hero (Table of Contents: 7)
Jughead / activity / 1 page (report information)
Jughead Jones
Word scramble puzzle with a food theme.
It's a Man's Whirl (Table of Contents: 8)
Jughead Jones; Archie Andrews
Jughead tries to get Archie interested in something besides girls.
in Jughead's Double Digest (Archie, 1989 series) #17 (May 1993)
billiards; bowling; pizza
Details by Issue
0. ["I refuse to work for companies that pollute!"]
1. Yowsa Yowsa
Josie; Hostess
2. Stunted Scheme
3. Sad and Glad
Li'l Jinx's Chum, Fat Charley
4. [Jughead's Gag Bag]
5. The Latin Flavor
6. Chew Chew Baby
7. Jug's Scrambled Hero
8. It's a Man's Whirl
Igor Dybzinski
Keith Alan Morgan
Mike Nielsen
Issues in this series have been indexed by:
Jerry Hillegas
Gregg Whitmore
James Yung
Michael Eshom
Steven Rowe
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Webinars for marketing and external communication
It's the fastest-growing marketing tool within B2B marketing
Home / Formats / Marketing & External communications
Marketing webinars for e.g. lead nurturing, lead generation and thought leadership. It is no coincidence that the webinar is the fastest-growing marketing tool within business-to-business (B2B) marketing. When deployed properly, the effectiveness of the webinar is unrivalled. But all too often we see evidence of the fact that the webinar is still a very new medium; countless webinars are broadcast without sufficient preparation, not to mention with poor sound and picture quality.
RoyalCast format for marketing webinars
The RoyalCast Formats assure you of quality: perfect picture, sound and light. Marketing webinars with unrivalled effectiveness. RoyalCast knows what is necessary to ensure that you achieve your objectives.
Our guidance to you includes:
What type of promotion really works;
Which studio setting best supports your message;
How to develop an on-demand strategy for your webinar;
How to use smart follow-up for maximum effect.
Drawing on our professional knowledge and equipment, we work together with you to deliver a polished message – because a polished message attracts attention.
It contributes to the involvement, enthusiasm for campaigns and clarity about strategy and execution".
— Heineken
The employees like to watch the webinar together so that they can continue talking about it.
— SNS
Work with a professional organization. In a studio you can tell a message more serious and engaging, than when you are trying to make it work with your camera.
— ENGIE
Please keep organising webinars like this. They are very educational!
— BinckBank
With the use of webinars we keep our employees up-to-date with the latest news regarding their specialization.
— Onderlinge ‘s-Gravenhage
— Monuta
Robeco’s use of webinars has been a success – so successful, in fact, that the company is currently also using webinars for internal communication purposes.
— Robeco
With its smart and cost-efficient solutions, Company Webcast has helped us in a very professional manner.
— AkzoNobel Decorative Paints USA
Pleasant cooperation, professional studio and landing page appearance, and detailed evaluation of the results achieved.
— Alphabet
The technology, the vision and the sound are all very good. I watched the webinar via the webinar on demand option.
— Delta Lloyd
338 live viewers and 179 questions. A very interactive webinar.
— Centraal Beheer Achmea
The people at Company Webcast are full of initiative and very pleasant to work with.
— AstraZeneca
We were overwhelmed by both the number of viewers and the number of e-mails. We received a huge number of reactions from the audience.
— KLM
It is an effective way of reaching a large group of employees and informing and engaging them.
— DSM
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Too Shattered To Unclip
byBrendan Quirk
Brendan Quirk
Lifelong worshipper of road cycling. Now dabbling elsewhere with lots of enthusiasm & mixed success.
– A tip of the hat to the reader who alerted me to this installment of ‘Calvin and Hobbes.’ It’s the final word on Strava —
– With rare exceptions, the Giro is the best race of the year. The 2012 edition surpassed all requirements for drama and beauty by a long shot. Despite all the gritty portraiture and jawdropping landscapes, my favorite images are always of the tools of the trade. That is, the bikes themselves. Nothing spawned more conversation here than this photo of Damiano Cunego’s bike–
Normally you see a void at the center of a Campagnolo crankset spindle. But on Cunego’s race bike — and his spare bike on the roof of the team car, as well as Michele Scarponi’s bikes — that void was plugged with what may be the next generation of the Ergomo powermeter.
In the history of power measurement, Ergomo is a four-letter word. As a bottom bracket-based system, it was unique. For a decade it promised amazing technology, and for a decade it disappointed. It suffered from a Book of Job-like plague of bugs, and was handicapped by a klugey computer head the size of a solar calculator. Its last push into the US market was led by Gita Sporting Goods, one of the most reputable wholesale distributors in the business. What transpired was an electronics disaster arguably second only in bike industry lore to Mavic Zap. Ergomo disappeared from the US market in late 2007.
So, if that is an Ergomo inside Cunego’s crankset, what has changed? Based on Cunego’s use of an SRM Powercontrol 7 computer, it would appear that the Ergomo uses the ANT+ wireless protocol. Inquiring minds want to know.
A couple of other details stand out in that photo. First is Cunego’s gearing choice, a 52×36. Because this has surfaced before at the Giro, we refer to that uncommon chainring combination as a ‘Dolomiti Compact.’ It’s the ideal set-up for the pros when tackling savage climbs like the Mortirolo and the Stelvio. For the rest of us, it’s an ideal combo given how little time most of us spend in 53×11-13, and how a 50×34 feels too much like hitting from the ladies’ tees.
From an industry standpoint nothing would be better than a universal embrace of 52×36. It’s an inventory pain to stock deep size runs of both 53×39 and 50×34 cranksets. And it’s pure economic hell for bike shops to stock two deep size runs of bikes identical except that one has standard cranks and the other has compact.
Also, do you notice that Cunego is running a Miche inner ring?
– Speaking of economic hell, the NetApp cycling sponsorship doesn’t appear to be doing favors for its share price?
– Neon ecstasy, courtesy of Castelli —
– My favorite neon photo from this year’s Giro —
My favorite Castelli photo from this year’s Giro. (Branded content warning. Though that’s OK by me since all the best bike content is branded.)
Maybe my favorite race photo. Too shattered to unclip. An added bonus is the natural sidewall on that front tire —
– Lately, I’ve been piling some miles on a Pinarello Dogma 2. Even with the second-generation SRAM Red, it’s decidedly heavier than my Wilier Zero.7 with Di2. Nevertheless, it’s an incredible bike to ride hard, unexpectedly so on long climbs. Pinarello has long extended a big middle finger to weight weenies. Its ethos is that shaving grams is eventually detrimental to a bike’s rideability. By having a bit of extra mass to work with, it’s as though Pinarello builds frames with improved stiffness and responsiveness. Climbing on a Dogma 2 gives you an all-new familiarity with the phrase power transfer. And the magic mix of its geometry plus frame stoutness makes descending feel like you’re operating a slot car. The slight bit of extra weight is a trade off I’m glad to make.
My only reservation about the Dogma 2, in fact, is its seatpost. The problem is in two details. First, to cinch the saddle rails you need to use a 5mm allen for a rear bolt and a 10mm open-ended wrench for a front bolt. The need for a 10mm bolt head makes dialing in your seat position an awkward and time-consuming effort. Secondly, the stock seat post has a substantial amount of setback. That forces many folks, including me, to jam the saddle to the very front of the post. This is a huge aesthetic bummer.
While poking around online, however, I discovered that Team Sky’s Edvald Boasson Hagen equips his Dogma with a zero setback seatpost. From not knowing such a thing existed, I’m now the proud owner of one. At ~$400, the retail price is a doozy. But bike fit is everything (except, maybe, for bike vanity), so my Dogma 2 is now new and improved. We’ll have those posts for sale on the site ASAP.
– The opposite of a huge aesthetic bummer is a huge aesthetic win.
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IT Management Features
Met Police mobiles to give intelligence leads
London’s Metropolitan Police will be offering location and context-aware policing as a result of its latest technology strategy, interim CIO Richard Thwaite revealed in an interview with CIO UK.
Mark Chillingworth February 10, 2014
CIO UK
London’s Metropolitan Police will be offering location and context aware policing as a result of its latest technology strategy, interim CIO Richard Thwaite revealed in an interview with ComputerworldUK's sister publication, CIO UK. Joining up disparate databases, intelligence and mobile devices will ensure the UK’s largest police force spends more time on the beat.
“Replacing paper with mobile user interfaces giving the ability to capture witness statements in the field, but equally as an officer you want to know what is that the Met Police know; there could be an offender on licence nearby or a gang victim in need of support. These are the things an officer want to know, today they do not know, that information is back at base,” Thwaite said of the ambitions.
Thwaite’s new Total Technology strategy, launched on Friday, focuses on making policing information context aware to mobile devices.
“We are integrating our databases to where to the officer is and 90 per cent of the transactions an officer makes will be via mobile device. This will create an environment where officers do not have to go back to the station,” he said.
Chris Price, until recently, a peer of Thwaite’s at West Midlands Police in Birmingham, has been following a similar strategy, which he describes as “cutting the rubber band” that constantly brought officers to and from base all day.
Thwaite plans to put many standard, non-law enforcement processes onto mobile devices, citing rosters and uniform ordering as a classic examples.
Not only will London’s police officers have enhanced mobile interactions, so too will the capital’s citizens. Thwaite plans to increase the opportunities for digital interaction with the Met Police so that citizens can upload images of offences like drivers on mobile phones or taking photographs.
“The Boston bombing proved that you can get a lot of data that way,” he said. “We are not taking away the 999 phone number though,” he reassured citizens.
Currently the Met Police has three enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems from the three major suppliers – Microsoft, Oracle and SAP. Thwaite’s strategy will see the Met Police consolidate its ERP onto a single platform from one of the three suppliers.
Integrating ERP and intelligence databases for deliver to mobile devices will see the Met Police change its project delivery method from Waterfall to Agile, Thwaite said.
“We are now using Agile delivery techniques so that the force gets to see products much faster, because policing is evolving very, very fast,” he said.
Thwaite was with US banking giant UBS in London prior to becoming interim CIO of the Met Police a year ago.
“Certainly speed and flexibility and learning to respond to support the organisation were key in banking. Process quality and always thinking of your end customer were lessons from manufacturing,” he said of his lessons from UBS and car manufacturer Ford.
Thwaite’s strategy must also cut costs.
“In the private sector as there is investment you can see what you can do. In the private sector there has been less investment and ironically it ends up costing you twice as much, so it is a false economy as the cost is in business efficiency.”
Met Police awards £90 million contract to Lockheed Martin Enterprise mobile report highlights Apple iOS dominance
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