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E-mail samkientz@gmail.com
Above The Spectrum
Home to Pretty Much Nothing Since '99
January 10, 2018 January 10, 2018 abovethespecktrumLeave a Comment on Chapter 4: The Plot Thickens
Chapter 4: The Plot Thickens
“The legend of Analprincess dates back to the birth of this island. She’s always been here. Who she is, that’s simple. She’s a big ass snake with a tight ass butt. Then we have the why. Why is she here? Well, that’s another story altogether.
A mother who has lost her child. She only torments us because she lives in eternal torment herself. Her husband, dead, her son, gone, her daughter roaming free in desolate corners, never to be found. Nobody can blame her for being angry. We can only blame her for killing everybody, cause that’s a total dick move.
You see, I was brought here to defeat her. As was everyone on this island. You can’t see them yet. The trillions of souls that man has dragged here in a bid to defy his mothers. They’re all around us, but you’ll only see them when you’ve joined our ranks.
We were all here to take down his mothers, just like you, Bill. But we all failed. Every single one of us. The countless souls enlisted by Henry, all abandoned in these plains…
Do you feel that?”
Bill’s grizzly clone glared at him, intensity oozing from his pores. Bill didn’t feel anything, but he didn’t like the way this guy was looking at him.
“Uh, yeah. Definitely.”
“Those are the spirits. Invisible and outraged! They wasted their lives, Bill! Just like me, just like you. They trusted Henry! It was the last mistake they ever made…”
Sparks crackled up from the pit, posing a real fire hazard as they wandered up to greet the dry wood of the tree. What the fuck ever happened to Smokey the bear? You’d think they’d bring him back with all the fires in California, you know?
“Okay, but why can I see you, then? And wait, who are you anyways? Why do you look like me? How did you do the fire thing? I feel like you haven’t really answered any of my questions, you just went off on some weird monologue that I didn’t really understand.”
“God dammit, Bill! I’m you! You can see me, because I’m you and we share a soul or some shit like that. I don’t really get it either, but there’s some kind of resonance between us Bills. Even in the after life, we’re drawn to each other. I think it’s the same for all of the other souls, too.”
“Yeah, fair, but I’m just saying, I’m me. And I kind of always have been. So, I guess what I’m really asking is how are you also me? Oh, and all those other questions I asked before. Still wouldn’t mind an answer to those,” He thought for a moment, trying to think of any other queries he might have. “Oh, yeah! And why are you covered in paint? And the arrow thing? What was up with that?”
“I’m getting to it! I’m you from an alternate reality. Henry’s had so many people go through this shit that he had to start going to other timelines when he ran out of candidates. Yet, after all this time he still hasn’t given up. He’ll do anything not to fuck his moms! He’ll kill us all!”
“Hold up, wait, what?”
“Fine, fine! I’ve become somewhat of a hobbyist lately. I’ve been learning how to draw, as you can clearly see,” Bronze Bill pointed to the etchings scrawled messily around the hollow. They could hardly be called drawings. “And I was always so interested in those guys that pretend to be statues around parks and stuff, you know what I’m talking about, right? They just stand there all painted up and you look at them and you’re like ‘Hey, look at that statue!’. But then you do a double take and you’re like ‘Oh, shit, that’s not a statue at all! That’s a painted man!’. So I thought I’d try it on for size. I’d say it worked pretty well, wouldn’t you?”
“What? No, we’re not talking about the bronze thing anymore, I was asking-”
“Oh, the fire and the arrow, right? That’s easy. When you become a spirit, you develop a bit of an affinity for magic. So eventually with enough work I’ve been learning some really cool tricks!” The fire danced as he spoke, throwing exuberant light around the tree house. “I can lift pretty much whatever I want, I can light little fires, I can pull handkerchiefs out of my mouth, but I don’t even have to put any in first! Just yanking them out of thin air!”
“Uh, cool, but,” Words shot out of alternate Bill’s mouth at a mile a minute, his excitement at finding someone interested in his hobbies abundantly clear. Unfortunately, Bill was not interested in his hobbies whatsoever. In fact, he now wanted to know less about his alter egos sad, sad life. “I meant the ‘Henry fucking his mom’s’ thing. What was up with that?”
“Oh…” Alternate Bill’s smile dropped, the billowing flames dying down to a small flicker. “You didn’t know? All of this is happening because-”
Tripling it’s prior exuberance, the fire pit exploded in furious spurts, charring the walls.
“Don’t say another word!” What the fuck? Was that Henry’s voice?
A figure began to form in the flames, it’s cindering arms clawing their way out the smoldering womb.
“I’m sorry, Bill, I can’t stay here! I’ll find you later, okay?” Bill couldn’t respond, his mind had shut down as he watched his college friend claw out of the fire pit like a demon up from hell.
“Fuck!” Henry yelped in pain as he wormed his way up onto the floor. He stumbled around in a weak attempt to stand up, finally succeeding with the help of the wall. His skin was largely burned off, revealing a horrifying nothingness within him, but that which remained looked just like a Ken doll.
“Ah, god damn,” He dusted off the charcoal that stuck to his skin, looking around the room with confusion that surely belonged to Bill in this situation. “Did that at least look cool? Cause it hurt like a bitch!”
Bill tried to respond, but upon opening his mouth he could only produce a lengthy, guttural growl, sounding somewhat like a creaking door.
“You don’t look so good, man. You alright?”
“No, not really.”
“Another one? Are you fucking serious? Another one?” Puffyvulva groaned, leaning back over her presidential black chair, her slate silk gown drooping over the edges. It wasn’t really her chair, as she wasn’t the president. No, her sister was the president, but while she was gone, Puffyvulva reigned supreme. None of their other sisters were brave enough to contest her. Even if they did, she would ensure they knew better next time.
“Are you really surprised at this point? We’ve done this so many times, sister!” Analprincess (who is very much not dead) exclaimed, pacing back and forth at the side of the table. “If nothing changes, we’ll just be continuing this cycle. Again, and again and again! We can go through as many of his little heroes as we want, he’ll just hide behind another! There has to be a better way of doing this!”
“Don’t you see? The boy won’t listen to reason! There’s no room for diplomacy here! All we can do is crush every fool he runs through this gauntlet and teach him how hopeless it is to resist us!” Witchtitties slammed her fist down as she shouted, knocking over her own glass.
“If that was going to work, it would have worked centuries ago!”Analprincess roared back.
“He’s got a strong will! He’s a Demi-God after all! We just need to whittle him down!”
“Quiet! We’ve had this argument a thousand times, and at this rate we’ll have it a thousand times more!” Clarissa cut through the debate, clapping her hooves together.
She was fortunate only in one way. She got a normal name. Alas, this was only because she had no defining features. Well, no good ones. While Analprincess, Puffyvulva, Witchtitties and their many sisters had been named for their crowning attributes, Clarissa had no such quality to receive a name for.
Average body shape. Part woman, part angel… Part goat. It was an unfortunate mix when your kin were all inhumanely attractive or unbelievably adorable. She was just a satyr with wings and hooves for hands.
“Clarissa… If anyone’s going to draw our son back to us, it’s not going to be you, dear.” Puffyvulva’s voice was lined with pity that stung worse than any malice could have.
“You might be right,” She sighed, accepting the insult with more than a hint of frustration. “But I need to try! Something has got to change!”
“Of course it does, Clara, but you might not be the one to change it.” Clarissa thrashed at the table in fury, disappointed to find that it sounded less like outrage and more like an impression of a horse galloping.
“You don’t understand! I need to-”
“Let her do it!” Analprincess interjected, her forked tongue sipping on the air. She couldn’t help but empathize with her poor sister. What must it be like for her? Just an average woman who can turn into a regular sized goat. That was nothing. Analprincess could turn into a big ass snake. It was dope as hell! She could eat Clarissa’s little baby bitch goat if she felt so inclined. Not to mention, her asshole was a tight as a lug nut. What more could a girl ask for?
“But-”
“I’m with Anna, here. We should at least let her try.” With Witchtitties on board, it was three against one. They just needed the approval of the stand in head honcho. “C’mon, what could it hurt?”
Silence presided over the dark room as Puffyvulva considered the question. It would hurt her pride, first and foremost. She seethed with shame at the thought of being overridden like this. That was the only thing she could think of.
“Fine,” She moaned in a similar fashion to how she had groaned a few minutes ago. “Just don’t fuck it up too bad, okay? Nobody really expects you to succeed, so when you fail, it’s cool. As long as you don’t mess some other shit up.”
Clarissa would take it. There was no such thing as a vote of confidence from Puffyvulva. This was the best she could have hoped for.
She exited the dark war room into the bright and cheery castle beyond, feeling much like the place looked. When the pristine gray-brown bricks smiled at her, she smiled right back.
No, she wasn’t excited about heading off to fix her sisters problems. There was no love lost between her and them.
When they were kids, they said the meanest things about her. Like; ‘Hey, there she is, goat girl’, or ‘Look, there’s that girl with the goat hands’, or ‘Ha, goat’. She could never decide which one hurt the most. Probably the one about the goat stuff.
Thing is, it didn’t change as they grew up. Sure, they learned to lay off of her hooves, but they still kept her at a distance. She wasn’t good enough for them. If she walked into the room, they’d walk out of the room. If she walked out with them, they’d walk back into the room. She found that if she stood on the threshold of the door, between the room and the outside of the room, they had no clue what to do and they just sat there uncomfortably. But she soon came to find that that wasn’t the same thing as having friends.
She had no intention of solving her sister’s problems. She was going to get Henry back, but she was getting him for herself and herself alone. Fuck these thirsty hoes, he was her son, too.
And she had a right to bang him if she wanted.
They walked through the forest for a time, but it didn’t seem nearly as peaceful now. There was too much on Bill’s mind.
The two clones of himself, alternate reality Bills if he chose to believe what he had been told. Trillions of dead spirits. Impending incest involving not just one, but multiple moms. What the hell was going on here?
“So, uh, any questions?” Henry broke the ten minute silence, scratching his head as he awkwardly sauntered alongside Bill.
“A couple. Any answers?” Why even ask? Of course he had questions. None of this made any sense whatsoever.
“I mean, first of all, none of the stuff that guy said is true. You know that, right?” He was certainly skeptical, but Henry’s denial made him believe it all a little more. If you have to climb out of a fire (assuming you are somehow capable of doing that) to stop someone from saying something, it’s safe to say it’s something you don’t want said.
On they went, towards god knows where. Well, Demi-God knows where. Henry seemed to have a pretty good idea of how to get through the forest.
“So, if he was full of shit, why don’t you tell me? Why did he look just like me? Not just him, there was another one, too! What was up with that, man?”
“Look, that’s, it’s just…” Henry stopped walking, averting his eyes to the ground. “Okay. Maybe some of the stuff he said was true, but there are some things I can’t tell you right now.”
“What? Why? Now’s not the time to be cryptic, Henry!” Bill grabbed his friends hair, pulling his head up so they could look at each other.
“You wouldn’t believe me!” Henry thrust Bill’s arm away, turning from the scene.
“Yeah, well how about you let me be the judge of that! This is my life you’re messing with Henry! I deserve to know what’s going on!”
“Fine,” He turned back, locking eyes with Bill. “Then let’s start with this.
Do you believe I’m a Demi-God?”
Bill couldn’t help but laugh. It was too much! The serious demeanor, the dead-set face, the delivery like the world depended on it. How was he supposed to take this seriously?
“See? You can’t even believe that!”
“Oh come on, you’ve got to admit that it’s pretty ridiculous! You? A Demi-God? I don’t even believe in ghosts, man! Now you want me to believe that you’re a Demi-God? It’s just a little much, okay?”
“Is it? Is it really? Everything explodes at your wedding, you get teleported around a bit, you get chased by a giant snake and you meet two clones of yourself! All this and you still can’t believe that I’m a Demi-God?”
He laughed more and more as the list went on. Had all this shit really happened? This was just too much!
“Dude. Dude! Are you really offended? It’s just, it’s a lot to take in, okay?” Shifting to a more serious tone, he put his arm around Henry. He had really hurt the guy, and he was trying to take his feelings into consideration. It was just hard, given the situation.
“I totally believe,” Staring at Henry’s serious, disappointed face, it took all he had not to laugh again. “I know that you are…”
“That I’m what, Bill? Say it,” Oh fuck. “Say it out loud!”
“A fucking vampire,” He guffawed as Henry’s face shattered into a ruinous upset. “Oh, man, no, no, don’t get upset, dude! You had to have been trying there! You were trying to make me laugh right?”
His friend just shook his head, slowly disappearing into thin air.
“Aw, no, Henry, come on!”
“It’s cool, man. I’ll be back later. Maybe you’ll be ready to believe me then.” He tried to sound foreboding, but all that came across was hurt.
“Henry!” But he was gone, and Bill was back on his own. Alone on this unsettling island. As he looked around, the reality began to dawn on him. “Henry?”
“Henry!” His last shout was stark and afraid, juxtaposing his previous joviality. Everything his friend described had happened, hadn’t it? It had all happened here. This was the land of Demi-Gods. This was the land of clones, and big snakes and countless spirits. Now he was all alone in it.
Different. That was the only way this place could be described. It definitely wasn’t anything like the forest Bill had just left. The forest was, in certain circumstances, peaceful. Nobody could be at peace in this place. It was as if it was designed specifically to dishevel it’s inhabitants.
Looking back, he saw the forest looming behind him. Sure, it was empty and lonely, but it was a whole lot better than this. He wanted so badly to retreat, but knew he couldn’t. It had taken him hours to find his way out, and he had found nothing of note the whole time. Whatever he was searching for, it wasn’t in there.
His hopes clashed. On one hand, he didn’t want to spend another second in this dreadful locale. On the other hand, he desperately wanted to know what he was trying to accomplish. What was he here for? Was it really to defeat Analprincess? If so, wasn’t she defeated?
He thought back to her body in the forest, guts puddled messily around the head. She had looked pretty dead to him.
All he could do was keep moving. If anything, this change of scenery meant he was progressing. Although, he was becoming less and less sure that he wanted to progress.
He stepped out of the last reaches of the forest into the disturbed land beyond.
The ground was wet and soft. Pitch black soil, without a trace of greenery sprouting from it’s depths. It almost seemed like nothing could possibly live here, yet sickly trees bent their way up from the ground every few hundred feet. They were crooked and leafless, with long, rectangular vines drooping from their branches. Their very existence seemed like an act of defiance, each tree surviving only to prove that it could.
Pools of light red water gathered ominously beneath them, reflecting hot pink light up from their surfaces. What had happened here?
Bill approached one of the trees, running his hand along it’s veiny bark. It felt like leather. Looked like it too. Even the vines had that line ridden texture, feeling like the tails of a whip. Gazing down into the pool below it, he saw no reflection. Light bounced back up at him, but no images came from the puddle.
Tearing himself from the strange scene, he continued briskly onward. Away from the forest and hopefully closer to something not so… This.
Was paranoia setting in, or were the vines on that tree moving? Nothing else in the desolate swamp so much as swayed, but on just one tree a few hundred feet away, it seemed like the vines were shuffling.
A noise! Something was definitely moving. It sounded far away, but anywhere at all was too close. More noises followed quickly after. Suddenly this dead silent swamp had become a bustling haven hosting a variety of invisible creatures. Water splashing as it was stepped through, the soft bark of the trees being slowly scratched, the shuffle of vines. No matter how quickly Bill turned upon hearing these noises, he couldn’t catch their creator.
They began to take on somewhat of a rhythm. Shuffle, scratch, scratch. Scratch, shuffle, splash. Splash, shuffle, shuffle, scratch, scratch, shuffle. Were they in it together? Was there a group of upset musical ghosts out to get him? What the fuck was going on?
No matter where he turned, the vines were swaying. Every tree in this place seemed to be active all of the sudden, but no matter how he tried he couldn’t figure out why.
The noises began to pick up pace to match his growing fear. Scratch, scratch, shuffle, splash, splash, splash! They didn’t stop. It was no longer sets of spontaneous rhythmic bursts, it was more of a set of endless sixteenth notes.
Bill started sprinting, casting his gaze left and right spasmodically as he ran. There was nothing. These noises came from seemingly nowhere. The swamp was grooving all on it’s own and he was lost in a nightmare within it’s song. His feet squished down into the soft dirt, and he found himself having quite a bit of trouble staying balanced.
Oh shit!
He hadn’t even considered that tripping was an option now that he was out of the forest, but without warning he crashed to the ground. The soil mushed against his face as he landed, immediately turning over to see what was about to pop out and kill him dead.
“Bill! Where you headed?” Somehow, his adversary had still managed to sneak up behind him. He lurched forward, trying his best to turn as he landed on his palms. His best wasn’t very good, as he instead wound up throwing himself sideways onto the ground. “I’ve been trying to catch up with you for hours!”
He wasn’t looking at a flesh hungry monster who wanted to eat him at all. It was Bronze Bill!
“So,” His clone extended a hand, which Bill gladly took. “That was you making all of that noise?”
“Huh? Oh, no. Maybe some of it, but, the rest of it, well… We should probably keep moving.” His clone urged him along, glancing around the swamp cautiously.
“Don’t you pull that shit with me, man! I need answers!”
“Woah, okay man. It’s just that these woods aren’t safe. Only one soul resides here. The rest are too afraid of her to go anywhere near this place. And she poses more of a threat to you than any of them, Bill.”
“What? Why?” Any threat at all was more of a threat than he wanted.
“Because she’s us,” Right. Of course. Why not? “And all she wants is us.”
“Could you possibly explain that in a way that I’ll find pleasant and not entirely awful?”
“Probably not. You see, she once looked just like we do, but having your soul trapped in this eternal purgatory does a number on your mind,” He gestured to his heavily bronzed skin. “You become starved for purpose. Why are you here? What are you living for? Those are hard questions to answer on a ‘forever’ scale. So she set her goal to something so impossible it could keep her occupied forever.”
“But then, it wasn’t all that impossible anymore, was it? Then other Bill’s came to this island, something I never thought I would see. My goal became real.” Shuffle, splash, scratch! An outburst of noises announced a newcomer to the scene. She was… She was…
Christ.
What was he looking at?
“You see Bill and other, sexier Bill,” Which one was which? “I decided I was going to fuck myself.”
Why did he have to be here? Why did he have to see this? Was there an option to just not do it? If he wasn’t witnessing these things or seeing them, would they really be there? If a giant arrow falls on a snake in a forest and nobody is there to see it, would Bill still be seeing all this absolutely fucking crazy shit? That was the main question, really. Would Bill ever stop seeing all of this insane fucking crazy shit?
His supposed clone had her arm lithely draped in the leather vines, leaning forward as she addressed her fellow Bills. She was a term to be used loosely. While he wouldn’t consider himself transphobic, Bill was very afraid of her. She looked just like him. Same jawline, same eyes, almost the exact same face altogether. Even their body types should have been similar.
That was where the differences came in. Her hair ran down to her waist, and her body was strange, to say the least. No surgery conceived of by humans could do this to someone. Her body had the musculature and hair of a man, but the close shoulders and wide hips of a woman. It looked like somebody had put Bill into Photoshop and lazily bent his proportions. All of that contained within a tight burgundy dress was enough to ruin anybody’s day.
“Yeah, I’m sorry, but I, uh, I’m not too sure about that.”
“Oh, but I am! This is happening! It’s been too long, Bill! I’ve worked too hard!” She marched forward from the tree, throwing her arms out like she was about to start dancing to the YMCA song. “Look at this place! I did all of this for you! All of this to set the mood!”
“What mood were you going for exactly?” He asked, looking reluctantly at the gimp suited nightmare around him.
“Sex mood.” Whatever that was supposed to be, she was off the mark for sure.
“You want to know how long I’ve been waiting for you, Bill? This,” She grasped one of the long leathery vines. “This is me. This is, too!” She proudly announced, stroking the bark of one of the trees.
“I don’t get it, but I’d prefer that you didn’t explain, if I’m being-”
“My own skin! I tore it, I tanned it, and I stuck it on there! Piece by piece! This is my leather! My sexy, luscious leather!” Oh no. He had touched her leather. Whatever the hell that meant.
“Wow. Nice. That’s, um, well that’s real cool. It’s rare to see such dedication to one’s craft, you know? I really respect that, but, uh…” Leather, leather, leather. Everything here was coated in leather. How long had she been here? How much skin did she have? What had she hoped to accomplish? Jesus Christ.
I’ll gladly echo Bill’s sentiment. Jesus Christ, indeed.
“Oh dear, would you look at the time?” Bronze Bill gasped apologetically. “Sorry to bail on you like this, but if I remember correctly it’s time for us to be literally anywhere else!”
There was no need to say it twice. Bill darted from the scene, his clone closely in tow. Whatever he did, he knew he couldn’t fuck himself. Especially not that himself.
But as he sprinted past one of the trees, he found himself tangled up. He was caught! The vines curled around his arms and legs, suspending him in the mess of leather. He couldn’t shake the thought that this was his skin that writhed around him, yet he also couldn’t quite comprehend what that meant.
“Didn’t I tell you? This is all my leather! This land belongs to me! You will not escape!”
“Okay, great,” Bill whined unenthusiastically as he struggled against the vines. They only seemed to tighten more against his resistance. “But what if, alternatively, I did? Like, how about I do escape? That would be pretty cool, right? I mean, I think it might be nice!”
“Shut up, Bill!” His bindings loosened, dropping him into the moist marsh below. He tried to get to his feet, but his leg was caught. A long whip tugged against it, dragging him back to his adversary.
“You will fuck me!” She roared indignantly.
“I’d really prefer not to!” He screeched back with a different kind of fervor.
Bronze Bill stood just beyond the scene, his face twisted in horror. There had to be a way to stop this, but how? He couldn’t just stand there and watch one him bone another him!
She-Bill was right above Bill-Bill now, staring down at him with a lascivious ire. He couldn’t escape. This was it. No, it wouldn’t kill him, but he’d probably wish that it did. He closed his eyes and turned his head, offering himself up to the loveless hands of fate.
“No!” Bronze Bill rammed into She-Bill, toppling her off of her feet. “My friends and me, we used to have a saying. ‘When a nasty girl just needs the cream, you’ve got to take one for the team’. I’m taking one for the team! Run, Bill! I’ll keep her busy!”
Did he know what he was doing? Could he handle her? Bill didn’t know, but he wasn’t going to stick around to find out.
“Hmm. Well I suppose you’ll do the trick.” She-Bill leapt up from the ground, throwing her whip and ensnaring her prey with ease.
He never liked the idea of martyrs all that much, but this guy. He was alright.
The adrenaline carried him a long way. How long he had been running, he didn’t know, but it had to have been an hour or so. No direction in mind. Just away. Away from this leather bound hell.
No amount of running could shake the thought haunting his mind. He could run away from the snake, the forest, the sounds, his clones. No matter how far he ran, he was just running to another part of this place. Further and further in, with no escape in sight.
Back To Oedipus
Published by abovethespecktrum
Aspiring author, comedian, and artist in the Arlington area. Mostly focusing on writing raunchy, off color comedy, though I do dabble in some more serious writing. Contrary to what summaries would have you believe, I don't write porn. I promise. View all posts by abovethespecktrum
Categories OedipusTags Comedy, Novel, Oedipus
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College basketball returns with heightened expectations for GCU
Bickley & Marotta weekdays at 10 a.m. on 98.7 FM Arizona's Sports Station
By Dan Bickley | November 6, 2018 at 9:06 pm
UPDATED: November 7, 2018 at 7:09 am
(AP Photo/Rick Scuteri)
The Valley is a fiefdom of frontrunners. A football town in numbers. A NBA city at heart.
We adore big events and outdoors parties. Our narcissism and people-watching skills shatter attendance records, from the Cactus League to the Waste Management Phoenix Open.
Do yourself a favor in the coming months:
Attend a basketball game at Grand Canyon University, where the rabid crowd support is always the primary attraction, where the audience never takes a night off. It’s a spectacle that can’t be missed, representing everything we are not as a major-league sports market.
“Our next step is to find a way to get to the NCAA Tournament,” GCU head coach Dan Majerle said. “And we’re going to do that. Hopefully it’ll be this year. But we have to remember this is a process. And what we’ve been able to do in five years is relatively amazing.”
Alas, success is also a relative term in the Valley. College basketball has arrived, but our market remains slippery and saturated, a mudslide of mixed allegiances. Transients have earned the right to scoff at the home teams. Only the Suns get a hall pass and hometown patience. Nothing is fair around here.
The Antelopes are charting a different path. Students camped out the three days to best attend Midnight Madness. In October, former Louisville head coach Rick Pitino tweeted his ongoing love for the ambitious Antelopes, ranking GCU as the sixth best home-court advantage in college basketball.
Say what you want about the exiled and greasy Pitino, who is toxic proof that power corrupts nearly everyone in college basketball. He’s also right about Majerle’s program.
I’ve covered the sport from Durham to Westwood, courtside from Indianapolis to Tucson. It doesn’t get better than the gameday vibe at GCU. It’s a revolution fueled from the inside, before the banners arrive. Which makes it even more impressive.
Except Majerle’s team is also 0-for-1 at March Madness, missing out in his first season as a tournament-eligible Division I program. The Antelopes also lost their season debut on Tuesday, losing a close game on the road to a quality opponent in South Dakota State. And with heightened expectations in 2018-19, they can all hear the clock ticking.
“This is probably going to be our most talented team,” Majerle said. “And our hardest year.”
It’s nearly impossible for a college program to reach exalted status in a region like ours.
The Cardinals have built a deep well of trust. The Coyotes have turned a corner. Our new soccer team will play for a championship on Thursday, potentially kicking its way into a MSL franchise.
Meanwhile, the Suns own the Valley, a franchise that put a desert outpost on the map. And if Robert Sarver ever lucked into a championship, he would become our hero overnight.
But there’s something novel happening on a grass-roots level:
GCU has a high-octane triumvirate in Majerle, Brian Mueller and Valley icon Jerry Colangelo, the greatest asset possible for a nascent basketball program. On-campus enrollment has soared from 4,000 to 21,000 students in recent years, regaining a non-profit status that removes all stigmas attached to the university.
ASU has real momentum. Ray Anderson might’ve been right about Herm Edwards and the football program all along, and Bobby Hurley might be even better. But they can no longer ignore GCU on principle or on the schedule.
Meanwhile, Arizona is the reigning king of college hoops in Arizona, a program on the mend but not out of the woods just yet.
Are they clean? Are they victims? Are they worth your applause? Are they the best our state has to offer in this terrible cesspool of college basketball?
Before you pick a horse, go see a game at GCU. Then tell me who you’re betting on.
Reach Bickley at dbickley@bonneville.com. Listen to Bickley & Marotta weekdays from 10 a.m. – 2 p.m. on 98.7 FM Arizona’s Sports Station.
Follow @danbickley
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ASU basketball searching for answers as summer workouts begin
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Arizona junior G Alex Barcello announces he will transfer
Former Oregon offensive lineman Cody Shear transfers to Arizona State
Nevada transfer Jordan Brown picks Arizona over ASU, others
Dan Bickley bio
Dan Bickley is the most influential sports media member in Arizona sports history, having spent over 20 years as the award-winning lead sports columnist for The Arizona Republic and AZCentral.com and almost two decades as a Valley sports radio talk show host. In spring 2018, Bickley made the decision to leave the newspaper to join the Arizona Sports team as host of the entertaining and informative midday show Bickley and Marotta, as well as bring his opinionated and provocative column exclusively to ArizonaSports.com.
Bickley’s journalism career began in his hometown of Chicago, where he was part of a star-studded staff at the Chicago Sun-Times. He chronicled Michael Jordan’s six NBA championships; covered the Olympics in eight different countries and attended 14 Super Bowls; spent three weeks in an Indianapolis courthouse writing about Mike Tyson’s rape trial; and once left his laptop in an Edmonton bar after the Blackhawks reached the Stanley Cup Finals.
He has won multiple awards, written two books, formed a rock band, fathered three children, and once turned down an offer to work at the New York Times. His passions include sports, music, the alphabet, good beer and great radio. After joining Arizona Sports 98.7 FM, he couldn’t be happier
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Stephanie Syjuco
Comparative Morphologies LIII
Archival iris print on Somerset paper
Courtesy of the artist
© Stephanie Syjuco
Wirtschafts-werte (Economic Values)
Foamboard, contact paper, industrial shelving
108 × 72 × 79 inches
Everything Must Go (Grey Market)
Digital prints of used electronics posted for sale on Craigslist, foamboard, paper, tape, foam
The Counterfeit Crochet Project (Critique of a Political Economy)
Installation view at Yerba Buena Center for the Arts, San Francisco (2008)
Participatory workshops, website, downloadable PDFs, and production space with materials and samples
White Murakami bag by Stephanie Syjuco
Part of "The Counterfeit Crochet Project (Critique of a Political Economy)" (2006 – 2012)
Installation, participatory workshop, yarn
11 ¼ × 3 ½ × 19 ½ inches
Courtesy of the artist and Catharine Clark Gallery, San Francisco
Towards a New Theory of Color Reading (El Dia, Houston Forward Times, Manila Headline)
Installation view of the exhibition "Perspectives 164: Stephanie Syjuco: Total Fabrications" at the Contemporary Arts Museum Houston, curated by Meredith Goldsmith
Four-color newspapers in editions of 2000 each, reprinted from the layouts of three Houston-based ethnic newspapers published during the 2008 presidential election
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Home News Asia News Flood alert in Bihar
Flood alert in Bihar
Asian Lite News
Photo shows the landslide that occurred in Sindupalchowk, Nepal. The landslide hit Nepal's eastern hilly region at around 2 a.m. Saturday, killing eight people, while over 300 people remain missing, as locals and police said
About 65,000 evacuated after flood alert in Bihar
Photo shows the landslide that occurred in Sindupalchowk, Nepal. The landslide hit Nepal’s eastern hilly region at around 2 a.m. Saturday, killing eight people, while over 300 people remain missing, as locals and police said
Over 65,000 people have been evacuated in Bihar Monday amid a flood alert, following a rise in the water level of Kosi river, an official said.
A day after the Bihar government invoked the provisions under the Disaster Management Act to start forcible evacuation of people living near the embankments of the Kosi river, thousands of people have been shifted to safer places.
“So far we have evacuated over 65,000 people. But many more are still to be taken to safer places to minimise the danger in case of worse situation,” Disaster Management Department (DMD) principal secretary Vyasji (one name) said. Those who are evacuated were taken in 123 relief camps set up in Supaul, Madhepura, Saharsa, Araria, Purnea, Madhubani and Darbhanga.
Vyasji said the government agencies were concerned and are preparing for the worst. “We are not in a mood to take any chance and not only have alerted all, but actively are doing it with full capacity after Nepal alerted the state government Saturday,” he added.
Vyasji said about 20,000 to 25,000 people were earlier taken out of the vulnerable places following the state government appeal in the face of likely floods.
“We have received information that thousands of villagers have left their houses for safer places,” he said.
Anirudh Kumar, an official of the disaster management department, said some people have been resisting the move to leave their houses.
“The local officials are trying to persuade them to reach to the safer places,” said Anirudh Kumar.
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You are here: Home > The insecurity surrounding housing in the Northwest Territories
The insecurity surrounding housing in the Northwest Territories
National News | April 10, 2017 by Charlotte Morritt-Jacobs Attributed to: | Comments Off on The insecurity surrounding housing in the Northwest Territories
Charlotte Morritt-Jacobs
In the capital of the Northwest Territories, $1,800 per month may not even get you the keys to a one bedroom apartment.
According to data from Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC), tenants in Yellowknife pay some of the highest rents in the country.
The barriers to accessible and affordable housing leave many northerners turning to friends and family for support.
Muriel Betsina, a Dene Elder from the small community of Ndilo First Nations located outside Yellowknife, said vulnerable community members frequently drop by in need of a place to stay for the night.
“They knock at your door and its freezing cold outside,” said Betsina.
Betsina, a residential school survivor, said she knows about trauma and compassion. She has been a caregiver of four generations.
Although she now owns her own home, for years she lived in a smaller, older home raising seven children until she was able to buy her current home.
Betsina said she was never able to obtain a mortgage from a bank to purchase a that the same housing inequities are pressing future generations.
Three of her children live with her now.
“My son had mould in his home and I said get out of that place right now it’s no good! My Grandson, he was catching pneumonia forever and going to the hospital where they blamed the mother,” she said.
Betsina’s grandson is healthy now, but overcrowding in homes across the N.W.T. is of great concern for First Nation leaders.
Chief Edward Sangris, of Dettah, another small First Nation’s community close to Yellowknife, recognizes the dwindling numbers of social housing apartments.
“Social housing lease agreements are for 30 years, if we do a rent-to-own agreement it reduces the numbers we have to build and maintain for social housing,” Sangris said.
The houses that Sangris and the Community do manage to obtain are often substandard.
“They don’t build the houses according to the region and climate. They don’t build a house to standards for cold weather. The packages come from down south and what you see is what you get,” he explained.
The Minister for Northwest Territories Housing Corporation, Caroline Cochrane, told APTN that to her knowledge, approximately 600 families with children are in need of housing support across the N.W.T.
Cochrane said that providing housing for every applicant comes with a hefty price tag.
“CMHC provides funding to provinces and territories for the maintenance of social housing units. Both in the market community’s remote communities it costs us an average of about $22,000 per unit.”
APTN spoke with many individuals who had been dealing with arrears before they were able to get onto a wait list for social housing.
Cochrane said that many individuals who are in debt avoid the situation until they close to eviction.
“The reality again is that the rent that we charge people is based off of people’s employment,” said Cochrane. “If someone is really financially not well that they don’t have an income or don’t have enough income they do qualify for income support. We have a vast majority within small communities outside of Yellowknife that are only paying like $70 per month.”
She said that the CMHCs money for social housing will be phased out entirely by 2038 and during this transitional period, it will be up to the territorial government to take over financial responsibility.
Joe Pintarics, manager of the Tlicho Friendship Centre, the only drop-in centre in the community of Behchoko, an hour north of Yellowknife, suggested understanding each tenant’s unique situation and have clients pay back housing debts through sweat equity.
“I would strongly encourage for housing corporations to come up with a better strategy for dealing with debt. If they want payments than they need to start organizing it in such a way that they make the payments happen in more collaborative ways and not the heavy handed way of ‘look you pay up or we throw you out of the house,” he said.
Pintarics argued that greater efforts need to be made on behalf of the government to develop social capital with housing corporations and social services assisting clients to gain meaningful employment.
In Behchoko, a community of 2,000, has upwards of 125 residents who are homeless at any given time. Many of the boarded up inhabitable houses and shacks are being lived in.
“We are talking about people who will spend their winter in tents with or with no heat and water or some have a cabin that has been abandoned that they can get into. Some will go from warehouse to warehouse looking for wherever they can get into,” Pintarics said.
He said the friendship centre can only do so much due to a lack of funding, but that could change.
Federal Budget 2017 has slated $300 million over the next eleven years to support northern living.
$36 million of that will be allocated to the Northwest Territories, breaking down to roughly $3.2 million-per-year.
Cmorrittjacobs@aptn.ca
Follow @aptncharlotte
Tags: Affordable housing, Charlotte Morritt-Jacobs, Housing, Northwest Territories, social housing, Yellowknife
View all posts by Charlotte Morritt-Jacobs →
APTN Investigates – Bad Medicine
Innu Elder who is no stranger to standing up for rights and culture ready for his day in court
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Entertainment industry upbeat over rural digital push in Interim Budget 2019
Apart from universal digitisation, the budget has also proposed single-window clearance for filmmakers and anti-cam recording provisions to control piracy. BestMediaInfo.com spoke to industry experts to get their views on the proposals
BestMediaInfo Bureau Mumbai, February 04, 2019
Considering the entertainment industry as a major employment generator, Finance Minister Piyush Goyal has proposed two key provisions for the sector in the Interim Budget 2019 — a single-window clearance for filmmakers and anti-cam recording provisions to control piracy.
The budget also laid emphasis on the new India by accelerating the Digital India programme to one lakh villages in the next five years. Industry experts hope the government’s continued commitment to Digital India would further increase digital content consumption in rural areas. BestMediaInfo.com asked industry experts on what they feel about the Interim Budget.
Partho Dasgupta
Partho Dasgupta, CEO, BARC India said, “The budget appears to be a good effort to balance welfare goals and fiscal prudence. Despite being an Interim Budget, there are some welcome moves for the industry such as the single-window clearance for Indian filmmakers as well as anti-cam recording provision to combat piracy of films and music. In the government's continuing commitment to a Digital India, I see a great opportunity for digital content consumption to spread further into Bharat. Overall, I would say, a positive one.”
Girish Menon, Partner and Head, Media and Entertainment, KPMG, India, echoed similar views. “For the media and entertainment industry, the primary source of cheer was the launch of the single-window clearance for all requisite permissions for film shooting within the country. In addition, more stringent provisions to the Cinematography Act to combat privacy will help protect and strengthen IP within the industry. The budget also announced a reduction in GST on movie tickets of less than Rs100 from 18% to 12% and above Rs100 to 18% from December last year. The greatest impact on the media and entertainment industry is likely to be the continued push towards equitable and universal digitisation for Indians rather than from any direct incentive, coupled with the announcement of 1 lakh digital villages in the next five years, which will accelerate the digitisation process in the country,” he said.
Sudhanshu Vats
“FM Piyush Goyal has provided a tremendous fillip to the Indian entertainment industry with the provision of single-window clearance for films in the Interim Budget,” said Sudhanshu Vats, Group CEO and MD, Viacom18. “Such policy provisions that seek to enhance ease of doing business will help the Rs 156-billion industry to grow at a faster clip. I also welcome the move to include anti-camcording provisions as part of the Cinematography Act. This will ensure that in-theatre pirated recordings now become a penal offence and will act as a strong deterrent to piracy.”
Krishna Rao
Krishna Rao, Sr. Category Head, Parle Products, said, "The budget reflects the government’s efforts to ensure India develops at a phenomenal pace. I would like to call it a ‘progressive budget’. The attention paid to welfare, health and other needs of farmers is commendable, considering how it gives fair recognition to the investments they make in their skill and labour. It will certainly help them in generating revenue. Moreover, the reduction in leakages and increase in transparency for the execution of various benefit schemes by the government is also a welcome move."
Rao said from a consumer’s perspective, the increase in tax exemption limit, coupled with the increase in gratuity limit, will lead to more disposable income in the consumer’s hands. "Consequently, this means more consumption of consumer goods and services across the board, which will play a vital part in the growth of the economy. Overall, it is an all-encompassing budget that covers all sections of society, right from farmers to corporates and the middle-class and will lead to an upbeat nation in the coming months," he added.
Utkarsh Sanghvi, Partner, Indirect Tax, Media & Entertainment, EY India, said, “The government has already set up a Film Facilitation Office (FFO) for enabling a single-window clearance for foreign film companies shooting in India. It is a welcome measure for Indian films that can benefit from the FFO. Most of the permissions required from central and state government agencies are expected to be received from a single online application.”
From January 2019, GST rate on film tickets costing less than Rs 100 was reduced to 12% from 18% and that on tickets costing more than Rs 100 was reduced to 18% from 28%. Sanghvi said the art and cultural champion services sector was positively recognised by the GST Council by reclassifying the entertainment service from the luxury and sin bracket of taxation to the standard rate schedule.
Ashit Kukian, CEO, Radio City, said, “The budget has indeed lived up to the expectations of the common man with an estimated 12 crore farmers, three crore taxpayers and 30 crore labourers poised to benefit from the provisions. The pro-growth budget addresses key factors such as lessening GST burden on homebuyers, rural development and providing a boost for SMEs. We are hopeful this will increase the domestic spending power of organisations, build consumer confidence and provide a boost to our economy as we steer towards a ‘New India’. With the radio industry gearing up for a transformational year with the convergence of media, technology and telecom industries, the government’s vision to further accelerate the Digital India programme will help streamline this transition positively.”
Prashan Agarwal, CEO, Gaana, said, "We are extremely positive about the implication of the proposed budget and strongly believe in the digital revolution introduced by the government. The increased consumption of mobile data in the last five years has paved way for the streaming market in India. It will impact the mobile streaming industry in multiple ways, mainly by strengthening penetration in tier II and tier III markets while also increasing exposure among a new set of a potential user base. Enhancing stickiness for the app and encouraging trials, the vision for Digital India will help music streaming apps attain its full potential in the online music space. Additionally, artificial intelligence coupled with big data will help bridge the gap between demand and supply through insightful analysis of evolving consumer preferences."
Info@BestMediaInfo.com
Tags: Interim Budget 2019 Entertainment industry
Commentary: Rethink the AIR, else meet the fate of print in West
Total readership better metric than AIR, says Rishi Darda of Lokmat
Should IRS include title-level digital readership numbers?
IRS 2017: HT rebuts TOI’s accusations; releases fresh set of data
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a year with mona
living, writing, and eating in Paris
Living overseas
How much are you willing to work for it?
March 13, 2016 April 16, 2016 / Matt Randles / 2 Comments
Supposedly George Frideric Handel wrote “The Messiah” in just over three weeks. Mozart could whip out a minuet over coffee, hand it over to a creditor and thereby take care of his debts. And some composer whose name I’ve forgotten apparently would write out orchestral pieces one entire part at a time—the flute part, beginning to end; then the oboe; the clarinet; and so on down through the brass, percussion and strings—since he had the entire thing worked out in his head!
These are the kind of stories I heard when I was studying music composition in college (back in a prior millennium).
Amazing, right? Apocryphal? Perhaps; although it seems pretty well established that Handel did write the Messiah in an incredibly fast burst of creativity. And there’s no doubt that Mozart was phenomenally productive in his 36 years on earth.
But truthfully, these kinds of stories may have done me more harm than good. I can’t relate to such seemingly superhuman creative output. How many of us can? These stories further the idea that creativity is magical, or effortless, or perhaps entirely the province of god-like geniuses.
But it’s not. Sure, there are geniuses out there, and sure, for some creativity does come easier. But stories of exceptional creativity held up as anything but that—exceptional—serve only to distract from the reality of what any significant endeavor requires: hard work, perseverance, and sweat.
The day you realize it’s time to start over
Since December, I’ve been working on a new draft of the final act of my novel, and much of it is coming together well. But the last few weeks have been spent on a critical passage that sets up the climax, and I’ve started having serious doubts about it: Some pieces were feeling a bit contrived. Some character motivations didn’t truly make sense. And a critical incident didn’t seem entirely logical, believable… or even physically possible.
So it was time for a conference with one of my go-to writing critique partners. That’s right, my thirteen-year-old daughter, Carolyn. Her credentials? Poet. Short story writer. Lyricist. If I’d written as much as she has back when I was her age, I’d no doubt be a better writer now. But no time for regrets, it’s time for a consultation.
It was just the two of us one night, so I asked what she wanted to do. She suggested we go to the fancy Starbucks and write. Well, twist my arm! After an hour or so of writing, we headed over to Breakfast in America for burgers and to talk over our respective works-in-progress.
When it was my turn, I laid out the situation of the scene I’ve been concerned about. As soon as I got to the critical moment, she looked at me and said, “Oh, this is what’s going to happen, right?” and proceeded to predict precisely where the painfully predictable scene was going.
December 11, 2015 January 13, 2016 / Matt Randles / 2 Comments
Writing the ending is hard. Really hard. Sticking the landing is no mean feat. And it’s what I’m trying to do with my current work in progress.
I recently received an email from a writer I follow; the subject: avoiding anticlimactic endings. How timely! The same day another email came in, this one titled, “Why Writing Fiction Is Hard.” Okay, I get it. This is going to take some work. I’ve already restructured the opening four times (and need to do it again), I shouldn’t expect anything less of the ending.
The stakes are high
Endings matter. A lot. It’s why people reviewing books and movies have to announce SPOILER ALERT if they are going to discuss the ending or even major plot points. Want to get sucked into an endless internet debate (you know you do) that isn’t about guns or politics? Find a discussion on the ending of your favorite long-running TV show—Lost or Battlestar Galactica or The Sopranos or Seinfeld or even Little House on the Prairie, anything that had built up anticipation for its ending. Claims and counterclaims fly in every direction as people attack and defend and disparage and debate… a work of fiction. Nail the ending and people focus on their favorite characters, the amazing plot twists, and the profound themes. Falter in those final moments, and the greatest virtues of the work get overshadowed by the final imperfections.
It’s why I will never watch Lost again, no matter how enjoyable and moving individual episodes were. Why? Because so much of it ultimately meant nothing. There were no real answers to far too many plot questions (like, pretty much all of them!). And while I was deeply moved by the new Battlestar Galactica, the ending left some things to be desired… or was an utter disaster, depending on your point of view. To say it was polarizing is an understatement. One extensive and persuasive analysis is straightforwardly titled, “Battlestar’s ‘Daybreak’: The worst ending in the history of on-screen science fiction.” Ouch! At least we know where the author stands. The reaction by some was so strong that it led another reviewer to write: “Sure, it was a letdown, but people act like that episode personally broke into their homes and stabbed their mothers.” Endings can affect us that much.
The ending of a story of any significant length has a big job to do, a lot to take care of, including:
Complete the story, wrapping up the principal plot and answering the “dramatic question.” (Want to know more about what the dramatic question is all about? Check out the links at the end of this post.)
Resolve the story arcs of the principal characters.
Tie off loose ends—but not so tightly that it all seems contrived.
But an ending can have all this and still fail. How the ending is accomplished is crucial. Ideally, the ending will:
Have an element of surprise. This doesn’t have to be a big twist (although a well executed twist ending can be especially memorable), but the ending can’t be something that was utterly obvious from the first page (or opening shot). We may be confident the guy’s going to get the girl in the end, but at least surprise us in how it all comes about.
Be inevitable. That may seem to contradict the previous point, but the best endings will be both surprising and inevitable. We might not have seen it coming, but once everything came together, we’re struck that it couldn’t have happened any other way. It was inevitable. All the threads of the plot have come together to make sense and the mysteries are resolved.
Be the best part of the story. After all, it’s a drag if the best part of the story is the beginning (or even the middle, for that matter), and then everything is all downhill from there. This doesn’t mean the ending has to be the most exciting moment; it’s quite possible to have a satisfying ending that isn’t bombastic. But it needs to be gripping, have punch, and not just peter out.
Stick the landing
You know the phrase “stick the landing.” It may be a bit of a cliché, but it really is a useful metaphor. Think about the gymnast doing a floor routine. It’s full of all sorts of wonderful athletic moves and jumps and acrobatics that make us mere mortals shake our heads in amazement and imagine how even attempting such feats would send us right to the ER with back trauma. But more than that, it’s a joy to watch. And it all culminates when the gymnast performs a final sequence of flips and lands on her feet and sticks the landing, her arms shooting up in the air and her head held high in that final victory pose. Yes! She acknowledges the crowd; the applause fills the arena. But if she doesn’t stick the landing, if she takes an extra step, or wobbles, or falls down, it colors everything that went before. The applause is muted as disappointment at what could have been clouds the moment. Whether that’s fair or not is immaterial; that’s how it is.
So it is with writing. The opening can be gripping, the characters compelling, the action heart-pounding, the plot twists jaw-dropping, but if the ending isn’t satisfying, it tarnishes everything that went before.
“All’s well that ends well”
…so said a rather talented fellow—and even titled one of his plays. How ironic that the ending of Shakespeare’s All’s Well That Ends Well has been criticized as forced, rushed, and unearned. Still, the point is a good one. Make the ending all it can be. A good ending covers a multitude of writing sins. And so now it’s time for me to get back to working toward just that…
What are the endings (to books, movies, TV shows, whatever) you found most satisfying? Leave a comment and let me know what made it so great.
As promised, links to articles on the dramatic question:
The Dramatic Question and Suspense in Fiction
Do You Know the Answer to Your Story’s Most Important Question?
The Major or Central Dramatic Question (Tip #101)
The Dramatic Question
Critical Concepts: Dramatic Question
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Home / Music / Music Review: Stuart Moxham – Personal Best
A nice collection of the cream of Stuart Moxham's post-Young Marble Giants work.
Music Review: Stuart Moxham – Personal Best
Greg Barbrick June 23, 2010 Comments Off on Music Review: Stuart Moxham – Personal Best 23 Views
Back in 1980, Cardiff’s Young Marble Giants released their one and only album, Colossal Youth. It was the faintest shot heard ‘round the world. At the time, the post-punk world was moving in any number of directions. Everything was fair game, but the loudest and most abrasive forms generally got all of the ink.
YMG changed that, and in the process single-handedly launched nearly every K Records artist who ever lived, not to mention the later twee, indie pop, and shambling genres. The revolution YMG led was a simple one. By turning down the volume and singing gentle pop tunes backed by acoustic guitars and primitive drum machines, they were the arbiters of a whole new sound.
Stuart Moxham was the driving force behind YMG, and since the split he has recorded under a variety of circumstances. Personal Best is a generous 20 track compilation of his favorite post-YMG material. Moxham made an interesting choice in the sequencing of the disc. Rather than progressing chronologically from the earliest (1981) to the present, he chose to group the tracks at random, like his very own mix-tape.
It is an inviting way to present the songs, although accusations of front-loading the disc could be leveled. But who cares? If putting the best pop song of his career first in hopes of people listening all the way through for more gems, then so be it. That opener would be “Vampire Of Love,” from The Huddle House (2007), and it features the catchiest Spanish guitar this side of Roddy Frame.
From there, Stuart reaches back 14 years, to the great instrumental “Golden Childhood.” Recorded with his brother Andrew, this pleasant ditty first appeared on Random Rules in 1993. Moxham was busy that year, as he also worked on a collaboration with vocalist Barbara Manning titled Barbara Manning Sings With The Original Artists. Both “My First Gun,” and the gorgeous “Untitled #2” hail from those sessions.
There was a third Stuart Moxham LP recorded in ‘93, called Cars In The Grass. Both the title track and “God Knows” from it are present, bringing the grand total of cuts from that memorable year to eight.
As is often the case, the funnest stuff is the earliest. “Settled Hash” is from 1981 and consists of random synthesized swooshes and treated vocals. It sounds as if it were picked up short-wave from Mars, which I am certain was the intention.
Rounding out Personal Best are two tracks “From the forthcoming mini-album Six Winter Mornings.” The first, “Autumn Song” is a family affair, with Melody and Terence Moxham joining Stuart. The second, “Warning Signs 2” is an acoustic ballad, it highlights the tasteful violin work of Charlie Rose.
As leader of the Young Marble Giants, Stuart Moxham’s legacy in the alternative music universe is certain. But he has made a lot of worthwhile music since then, and Personal Best is a very good way to hear some of it.
Tags Barbara Manning Colossal Youth eds-pick indie pop K Records Personal Best post-punk solo albums Stuart Moxham Twee Young Marble Giants
About Greg Barbrick
Music Review: Team Dresch – ‘Choices, Chance, Changes’, ‘Captain My Captain’ & ‘Personal Best’
Team Dresch have re-released and remastered, 'Choices, Chances, Changes', Captain My Captain', and 'Personal Best', three great examples of Queercore
Graphic Novel Review: ‘The Follies of Richard Wadsworth” by Nick Maandag from Drawn+Quarterly
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Post-democracy: does populism have a place in Britain?
For democracy to be flourishing, movements emerging from the population must, from time to time, be able to give the system a shock, writes Colin Crouch. Yet that raises questions about xenophobic populism: can it ever be a form of democratic irruption against the complacency of liberal post‐democracy?
British democracy reached an ugly moment on 3 November 2016, when the Daily Mail and Daily Telegraph devoted their front pages to the three judges of the Supreme Court, with respective headlines reading ‘Enemies of the people’ and ‘The judges vs the people’. The judges’ ‘offence’ had been to rule that Parliament had a right to have certain votes on the process of the United Kingdom leaving the European Union. In subsequent days some government ministers echoed the phrases, until the Home Secretary, under pressure from judges, issued a statement stressing the importance of the rule of law. However, the government itself continued in the same spirit when it attempted later to revoke EU legislation without bringing it to Parliament. The people had spoken; government would interpret their will. Parliament was a potential enemy of that will.
This was a confrontation between two concepts of democracy: does it (as in liberal democracy) denote a set of institutions that include expressions of popular will, but which surround them with others that ensure elaboration of that will, guarantee continued debate so that democracy can function again at a future date, and even limit the powers of those who claim the right to exercise the popular will? Or is it (as is increasingly happening in once-stable democracies) the direct, unmediated voice of a people expressed on a particular day and then interpreted for them by leaders who have no further recourse to them: a populist democracy?
Shocks to the system
I’ve previously argued in my book Post‐Democracy that for democracy to be flourishing, movements emerging from the population at large must, from time to time, be able to give the system a shock. They raise new questions that the elite would sooner not discuss.
In recent years, the three movements that have been doing this are feminism, environmentalism, and xenophobic populism. Xenophobic populism has become by far the most dominant. And if democracy expresses itself in disruptive challenges emerging from the citizenry and challenging the complacency of elites, I have to welcome the initial appearance of these various movements as refreshments for democracy. But should one welcome the continued presence of xenophobic populism as a democratic irruption against the complacency of liberal post‐democracy, and if not, why not?
Xenophobic populism as a problem
Brexit, for example, bears many of the hallmarks of xenophobic populism. Its campaign was targeted against internal (immigrant) and external (EU) foreigners. It was a plebiscite with decidedly anti‐parliamentary overtones. The defeated minority, although large (48%) was expected to surrender the usual democratic right to continue debating.
The rhetorical attack on claims that Parliament should submit the process to scrutiny is pure populism. Equally, so is the doctrine that any right to vote on the issue again would be hostile to the people’s will. The initial irruption of populism like this within a society may well invigorate its democracy, bringing neglected issues to the table and putting established parties and elites on their mettle. It is difficult for those with no seat at the political table to acquire one without invading spaces occupied by present incumbents. However, unless such movements rapidly change their character to accept restraining institutions, their continued presence can threaten democracy.
Democracy requires the protection of the people from potential manipulation by their leaders. It endangers itself if it is deemed to justify political control over the law and other intermediary bodies. Also, there must always be another election. Opposition and government parties alike must have the right to go on debating.
Today’s minority may become tomorrow’s majority, which also means that majorities must beware how they treat minorities, as that may be their position in a few years’ time. This expectation of a changing balance of power is the best safeguard we have that those currently with power will not abuse it. The tendency of populist movements to regard themselves as the perfect and final manifestation of democracy renders them as its enemies.
Rude invaders
But the deficiencies in democratic institutions revealed by the rise of populism remain. It is essential that rallying calls to oppose populism do not lapse into defences of corruption, of the plutocratic capture of government, of party systems that do not represent society’s most important divisions. Rude invaders must be welcome, provided they accept that they themselves must become subject to constraints that safeguard democracy’s future.
In post‐industrial, post‐religious, post‐modern societies, are we just a mass of loosely attached individuals blown around by confusing blasts? The political right has produced an answer to that question: its determined rootedness in nation, though many moderate conservatives and liberals will be in despair at this. Do the left and centre have anything of similar strength to offer, roots in deeply felt social identities? Cosmopolitan liberalism by itself risks failing to have the courage of its lack of convictions. Debate on the left and centre must now turn to this search.
One possibility is that, just as the original labour movement was essentially a male phenomenon that interpreted the problems of all working people through the eyes of ‘breadwinner’ men, in post‐industrial society, many of the problems of such people may be best articulated by women. They experience more keenly issues of work-life balance, of precariousness in the labour market, of deficiencies of care services, of the manipulation of consumers, though these are problems that men share too. Many work in the public and care services that embody the main challenges to both neoliberal and intolerant world views.
This does not imply the formation of separatist women’s parties – the hope is that women will become the spokespeople of many men too. It does require a strong civil society surrounding formal politics with other forms of representation, including organisations that express women’s continuing experience of various kinds of exclusion and the development of political agendas to counter them.
There is perhaps a further element. Much about rightist populism is very macho: from the male swaggering of leaders like Putin and Trump to the violent fringe that attaches to most xenophobic movements. The very recent widespread resurgence of feminism could be reaction against that ugly face of masculine politics.
Note: the above is adapted from a chapter in Rethinking Democracy, edited by Andrew Gamble and Tony Wright (Political Quarterly Monograph Series, 2019). For information on launch events throughout the year, see here.
Colin Crouch is Emeritus Professor at the International Centre for Governance and Public Management, University of Warwick.
All articles posted on this blog give the views of the author(s), and not the position of LSE British Politics and Policy, nor of the London School of Economics and Political Science. Featured image credit: Pixabay (Public Domain).
April 9th, 2019|Brexit, British and Irish Politics and Policy, Featured|1 Comment
patrick murphy April 13, 2019 at 11:59 am - Reply
Interesting article, but why does Professor Crouch have to characterise the populist movement in such an uncharitable way? Why call it “xenephobic populism” when something more neutral like “national populism” would suffice – as is used by Eatwell and Goodwin. As Professor Crouch will know, about a third a BME voted for Brexit and a majority of BME want less immigration. People who support national populist movements typically strongly value and prefer their own country’s values, culture and norms and want these to change slowly in organic ways. To oppose large scale immigration from countries with often strongly divergent values, norms and cultures is reasonable and self-interested. Opposition to large scale immigration is obviously much more common among the working class.,
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Determining modular organization of protein interaction networks by maximizing modularity density
Shihua Zhang1, 2Email author,
Xue-Mei Ning3,
Chris Ding4 and
Xiang-Sun Zhang1
© Zhang et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010
With ever increasing amount of available data on biological networks, modeling and understanding the structure of these large networks is an important problem with profound biological implications. Cellular functions and biochemical events are coordinately carried out by groups of proteins interacting each other in biological modules. Identifying of such modules in protein interaction networks is very important for understanding the structure and function of these fundamental cellular networks. Therefore, developing an effective computational method to uncover biological modules should be highly challenging and indispensable.
The purpose of this study is to introduce a new quantitative measure modularity density into the field of biomolecular networks and develop new algorithms for detecting functional modules in protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Specifically, we adopt the simulated annealing (SA) to maximize the modularity density and evaluate its efficiency on simulated networks. In order to address the computational complexity of SA procedure, we devise a spectral method for optimizing the index and apply it to a yeast PPI network.
Our analysis of detected modules by the present method suggests that most of these modules have well biological significance in context of protein complexes. Comparison with the MCL and the modularity based methods shows the efficiency of our method.
Functional Module
Biological Network
Simulated Network
Protein Interaction Network
Modular Organization
Understanding the cell as a system of interacting components is a fundamental goal of current biology. Various types of biological networks are being constructed in cellular systems including PPI networks, gene regulatory networks and metabolic networks, etc. Exploring how molecules interact to form cellular machinery is a key task in systems biology. The well-understood graph-theoretical concepts has become a powerful tool to explore the topology, organization, function and evolution of biological networks. In this field, recent studies have made great progresses which considerably expanded our insights in the organizational principles and cellular mechanisms of cellular systems [1, 2].
Modularity has been considered to be one of the main organization principles of biological networks in the past decade years. Biological modules as a critical level of biological hierarchy and relatively independent units play special roles in biological systems [1]. How to uncover modular structures in various biological networks is a basic step for understanding cellular functions and organizational mechanisms of biosystems. For example, by using the network partition, Zhao et al. (2006) investigated the functional and evolutionary modularity of human metabolic networks from a topological perspective [3].
In the past few years, a huge number of computational methods have been developed for detecting network modules and analyzing the network structure of biological networks. Hierarchical clustering has been proven to be useful tools for analyzing biological networks. Ravasz et al. (2002) studied the hierarchical modular organization of metabolic networks based on a topological linkage matrix. Researchers of three groups [4–6] employed hierarchical clustering based on three different clustering methods respectively to analyze the modular structure of yeast protein interaction networks. The diffusion kernel of graph was also suggested as a universal similarity metric to construct the clustering tree of networks [7]. However, this type of approaches may generate many identical distances (similarity) and leads to the ‘tie in proximity' problem during hierarchical clustering. This type of method imposes a stringent tree structure on the network which is highly sensitive to the metric used to assess (dis)similarity, and typically requires subjective evaluation to define modules. And the evaluation of these (dis)similarity measures for hierarchical clustering is not an easy problem.
Several studies of protein interaction networks have focused on detecting highly connected protein modules [8–10] which generally correspond to meaningful biological units such as protein complexes and functional modules. In general, these approaches only employ local connectivity among proteins and neglect many peripheral proteins that connect to the core protein clusters with few links. However, biological networks including PPI networks are generally very sparse. Most methods only identify strongly connected subgraphs as modules, so only a few modules were detected [9, 11, 12]. And biologically meaningful sparse protein modules are ignored by these approaches and those lost peripheral proteins may represent experimentally true interactions. Furthermore, because these approaches heavily rely on the local topological connectivity, they ignore the impact of global organization of networks. But biological networks are globally coordinated system, so the local connectivity based methods can not be employed to explore the relationship among modules. Another important factor is the noise of interaction data, other sources such as the function annotation data and gene expression data have been integrated into protein interaction networks to improve the effectiveness of module detection [13, 14].
One popular class of methods for dissecting modular structure in the field of general complex networks is based on optimizing a global quality function called modularity [15, 16] to partition the network into modules. And it has been comprehensively adopted to analyze biological networks [3, 17–19]. However, it has recently been shown that the resolution of the modularity based methods is intrinsically limited. It fails to find small communities in large networks—instead, groups of small communities turn out merged as larger ones [20]. Li et al. (2008) proposed a novel quality function called modularity density (D) which aims to conquer the resolution limit problem in modularity [21]. They have tested it on many kinds of small networks for illustration but not on large real networks.
In this study, we aim to introduce the new quantitative measure modularity density into the modular analysis of biomolecular networks and develop new algorithms for detecting functional modules in protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. We first adopt the simulated annealing (SA) technique to maximize the modularity density and evaluate its advantages on a suit of simulated networks where the modules are known. In order to conquer the computational burden of SA procedure, we adopt a spectral fc-means method for optimizing the measure and apply it to a yeast PPI network. Our biological analysis of detected modules suggests that most of these modules carry distinguished biological significance. We also make a comparison of our method with other two methods including the popular MCL and modularity based methods to verify its effectiveness.
Definition of modularity and modularity density
The popular modularity Q is defined by Newman and Girvan (2004). Briefly, when the nodes of a network are divided into modules, one can compute it as follows:
where m is the number of modules, L is the total number of edges in the network, l i is the number of edges between nodes in module i, and d i is the total number of degrees of the nodes in module i. The highest Q value of all possible module separations is called the network modularity. In the past studies, empirical and simulation studies showed that the network partition method of maximizing modularity Q (MQ) has good performance. However, Fortunato and Barthelemy (2007) recently pointed out the serious resolution limits of this method, and claimed that the size of a detected module depends on the size of the whole network. The main reason is that the modularity Q does not capture the information of the number of nodes in a module, and the choice of partition is highly sensitive to the total number of links in the network.
In the following, we introduce the so-called modularity density D which was proposed as an alternative measure for describing the modular organization [21]. The characteristic of this measure is that it is related to the density of subgraphs. We first define the average modularity degree of subgraph G i (V i , Ei) as follows:
where aid (G i ) is the average inner degree of the subgraph G i , which equals to twice the number of edges in subgraph G i divided by the number n i of nodes in this subgraph. aod (G i ) is the average outer degree of the subgraph G i , which equals to the number of edges with one node in the subgraph and the other node outside it divided by the number n i of nodes in the subgraph. The intuitive idea is that ad (G i ) should be as large as possible for a valid ‘module'. Then the modularity density D of a partition G1, …, G m is defined as the sum of all average modularity degree of G i for i = 1, …, m. In contrast to Q, D can be calculated as follows:
This measure provides a way to determine if a certain mesoscopic description of the graph is accurate in terms of modules. The larger the value of D, the more accurate a partition is. So the community detection problem can be viewed as a problem of finding a partition of a network such that its modularity density D is maximized. The search for optimal modularity density D is a challenging problem due to the fact that the space of possible partitions grows faster than any power of system size.
Moreover, the phenomenon of multiple resolutions or/and hierarchy of modular structures have been observed in biological networks [22]. The modularity density D can be extended for this more general case using a tuning parameter λ as follows [21]:
where λ is a value ranging from 0 to 1, and when λ = 0.5, the D0.5 corresponds to modularity density D. By varying λ, we can detect detailed and hierarchical organization of biological systems. In other words, we can divide the network into large modules and small modules using a small λ and a large λ respectively.
Simulated annealing for maximizing D (MD)
In principle, the goal of a module detection is to find the ‘optimal’ partition with largest modularity Q or modularity density D. Several methods have been proposed for optimizing Q. Most of them rely on heuristic procedures or approximate strategies. Here, we employ the simulated annealing (SA) technique to maximize Q and D to obtain the ‘best’ determination of the modules of a network for evaluating. Simulated annealing is a kind of stochastic search technique for optimization problems. It enables one to find ‘low cost' configurations without getting trapped in ‘high cost' local minima and has many applications in combinatorial optimization problems. In the searching process, a global parameter T representing temperature is introduced. When T is high, the system can explore configurations of high cost while at low T the system only explores low cost regions. Along with the decrease of T, ‘low cost' configurations can be reached step by step by overcoming small cost barriers. When identifying modules, the objective is to maximize the quantitative indexes (i.e. Q or D), thus, the cost is C = −Q or −D. At each temperature, we perform a number of random updates and accept them with probability:
where C i (C f ) is the cost before(after) the update.
Specific implementation detail can be seen in [17]. Note that we add a decision clause to ensure that each potential ‘module' is connected. The one that performs best consists in isolating the module from the rest of the network, and performing a nested' SA, entirely independent of the ‘global’ one. In using Q and D as fitness functions', the method is more direct than those relying on heuristic procedures. Moreover, SA enables us to carry out an exhaustive search and to minimize the problem of finding sub-optimal partitions. We should note that the SA method can't scale to very large networks, but it is an efficient evaluation method for its exhaustive characteristic. Several efficient methods for optimizing Q have been proposed, but designing efficient algorithms for optimizing the new measure (D) is still an essential and challenging problem.
Spectral method for maximizing D (SpeMD)
Given a network G = (V, E), and denote its vertex set as V, edge set as E and adjacency matrix as A. Given a m-partition P m , define a corresponding n × m assignment matrix X = [h1,h2, …, h m ] with h ic = 1 if v i ∊ V c , and h ic = 0 otherwise, for 1 ≤ c ≤ m. Observe that since each vertex can only be in one cluster, X 1 m = 1 n . We can reformulate D in terms of the assignment matrix X as follows:
where B is the degree matrix. Let note that or then, we can obtain
So the problem of maximizing D can then be expressed as:
From the standard result in linear algebra, the optimal of the above trace maximization has close relationship with the leading k eigenvectors of 2A − B by relaxing as an arbitrary orthonormal matrix [23]. We can adopt the corresponding spectral algorithms and use the leading k eigenvectors of 2A − B to optimize the modularity density D. To obtain the final network partition, we apply the k-means clustering method to cluster eigenvectors. Importantly, the same principle can be derived for Dλ.
The procedure of the algorithm
Given an upper bound K of the number of modules and the adjacency matrix A = (a ij ) n×n of a network. The procedure of the algorithm is stated straightforward as follows:
Spectral mapping: 1. Compute the diagonal matrix B = (d ii ), where .
Form the eigenvector matrix U k = [u 1 , u 2 , …, u K ], corresponding to the K largest eigenvalues of 2A − B.
k-means: for each value of k, 2 ≤ k ≤ K
Form the matrix U k = [u 2 , u 3 , …, u k ] from the matrix U k .
Normalize the rows of U k to unit length using Euclidean distance norm: .
Treat the rows of U k as points in R k and cluster them into k clusters using k-means or even other clustering methods.
Maximizing modularity density D or Dλ with given λ: Pick the k and the corresponding partition P k that maximizes D or Dλ.
We should note that this type of spectral clustering technique has been successfully applied to general clustering problems as well as graph clustering problems [24, 25]. Here, we explore the characteristic of modularity density D, and derive a new spectral clustering based method for maximize D (Dλ) (SpeMD). And the SpeMD procedure described here can be seen as a particular manner of employing the standard k-means algorithm on the elements of the leading k eigenvectors to extract k clusters simultaneously. Convergence and computational complexity of the SpeMD procedure are key problems when this method is applied to large complex networks. Fortunately, several strategies can be employed to improve these problems. First, we can initialize the k-means such that the starting centroids are chosen to be as orthogonal as possible [26]. This strategy does not change the time complexity, but can improve the quality of convergence, thus at the same time reduce the need for restarting the random initialization process. Second, several fast techniques for solving eigen system have been developed and several methods of k-means acceleration can also be found in the literature. Based on this type of techniques, for large sparse networks with m ~ n, and k ≪ n, the SpeMD procedure will scale roughly linearly as a function of the number of nodes n[25]. Here we didn't consider these ameliorative techniques and only focus on the validity of the SpeMD method.
The biological significance of the numerically computed modules can be validated by comparing the experimentally determined complexes in the MIPS database [27] with the computed modules. We use a best-matching criteria which was first introduced in [8] to match these two type of protein sets. By minimizing the probability P ol of a random overlap between a computational protein module and an experimental complex using hypergeometric distribution, we determine the best-matching experimental complex for a protein module. The P ol is defined as follows:
where N is the size of the PPI network, k is the number of their common proteins, and |C|, |M| are the sizes of an experimental complex and a computed protein module respectively.
Furthermore, the geometric accuracy and separation described in the study of Brohee and van Helden [28] are employed to evaluate the performance of the module-detection methods. We first build a contingency table T, where row i corresponds to the i th experimental complex and column j to the j th module and the value of a cell T ij indicates the number of proteins found in common between complex i and module j. The contingency table has n rows (complexes) and m columns (modules). Using this table, each module partitioning result is compared with the experimental complexes.
Accuracy: The complex-wise sensitivity is defined as the maximal fraction of proteins in complex i that could be found in one module by the formula:
where N i is the number of proteins belonging to complex i. To characterize the general sensitivity of a partitioning result, a clustering-wise sensitivity is defined as the weighted average of over all complexes by the formula:
Moreover, the cluster-wise positive predictive value is calculated as the maximal fraction of proteins in module j found in the best-matching complex by the formula:
To determine the general PPV (positive predictive value) of a partitioning result as a whole, the clustering-wise PPV is computed as the weighted average of over all modules by:
Finally, the geometric accuracy (ACC) indicating the tradeoff between sensitivity and predictive value can be obtained by computing the geometric mean of the SN and the PPV as follows:
Separation: From the contingency table, the relative frequencies with respect to the marginal sums can be defined for each row and each column as:
Then the separation is computed as the product of column-wise and row-wise frequencies by:
The complex-wise separation (cluster-wise separation for module ) is calculated as the sum of separation values for a given complex i (module j) by:
The complex-wise SEP co and clustering-wise SEP cl values are computed as the average of over all complexes, and of over all modules, respectively:
The the geometric separation (SEP) is defined as the geometric mean of SEP co and SEP cl by:
In this section, we apply the present method to a suit of simulated networks and a yeast PPI network to test its efficiency. We first present detailed numerical results to show the difference of network partition determined by maximizing the modularity density D and modularity Q with simulated annealing (SA) technique. In general, maximizing D (MD) can give more detailed and valid results, while maximizing Q (MQ) encounters serious resolution limit in simulated networks.
Then we apply the new spectral method for maximizing the generalized D λ (SpeMD) to a yeast PPI network to identify functional modules which show significant biological relevance. Comparison with MQ and MCL, we show that the SpeMD can obtain competitive performance with the well-known MCL method and resolve much finer modular structure than MQ method. To extract appropriate modules, the SpeMD and MCL both rely on one parameter. Here, we perform the SpeMD and MCL with adjusted parameters to obtain the ‘best’ geometric accuracy and separation. For SpeMD, we tune λ from 0.4 to 0.7 in step of 0.05, and for MCL, we sample inflation parameter values from 1.5 to 2 in steps of 0.1.
Simulated networks
First we do the comprehensive tests on a group of simulated networks which take on significant modular characteristics. In the work of [21], D-based method has been showed to be able to obtain competitive performance with Q-based method. However, the size of artificial networks generated by using Newman's popular procedure as well as its variant are too small to show the serious resolution limit problem of Q. Therefore, we devise a new type of artificial networks. The network is composed of 2m cliques (m n1-clique and m n2-clique), and external edges are placed randomly with a fixed expectation values so as to keep the average edge connections k out of each node to nodes of other cliques. So each network has m(n1 + n2) nodes and about m(n1(n1 − 1)/2 + n2(n2 − 1)/2) + m(n1 + n2)k out /2 edges. In the following test, we let n1 = 10 and n2 = 15. Note that we can also relax cliques as dense modules for testing, but here we just show the clique case for convenience.
The computational results for this experiment are summarized in Figure 1 and Figure 2, where NC is the number of cliques, i.e., NC = 2m. Figure 1 shows the fraction of nodes that are correctly classified into the communities (Precision) with respect to k out by MD and MQ respectively. We can see that MD method based on D-value performs much better than MQ method under all the different NC. For instance, for 50 random networks with NC = 60 and k out = 5, on an average 99.97% nodes are classified correctly by MD, while only about 72.23% nodes by the MQ. When k out = 8 which indicates the corresponding networks are difficult to be partitioned, MD still has very high accuracy (>86%).
Community structures of MD and MQ on simulated networks Comparative test of MD and MQ on simulated networks with known community structures. It is a plot of the fraction of nodes correctly classified with respect to k out . Each point is an average over 50 realizations of the networks.
Number of modules detected by MD and MQ with the real number of cliques (NC), averaged over 50 network realizations.
The most interesting observation is that performance of MD is almost the same, while that of MQ is greatly decreasing with the increase of NC (also the size of networks). For example, for 50 random networks with k out = 6, always on an average >99.9% nodes are classified correctly by MD on four different sizes of networks with NC = 20, 40, 60, 80, while about 92.40%, 78.18%, 69.75%, 62.59% nodes by the MQ respectively. This fact shows the serious resolution limit problem of modularity Q, while that can not be observed on the small networks such as the simulated networks using Newman's method.
To test the performance of MD and MQ in selecting the number of communities, we calculate the number of modules. Figure 2 shows the averaged number of modules on four different sizes of networks (NC = 20, 40, 60, 80) with respect to k out by MD and MQ respectively. We can see that MD performs much better than MQ. The MD can almost always identify the right number of modules in four different sizes of networks with k out ≤ 7. While MQ can not do that. For example, for 50 random networks with NC = 60 and k out = 7, on an average 59.7 modules are identified by MD, while only about 37.20 modules by the MQ. For the harder case (k out = 8), MD can still do much better than MQ. Actually, even for the easiest case k out = 2, MQ can not identify the right modules with 52.50 modules for NC=80. This uncovers the underlying resolution limit just as pointed in [20]. In summary, the MD can recover the underlying community structure more often than the MQ by a sizable margin in the simulated modular networks. The modularity density D more relies on local connectivity of a network and can uncover finer modular structure. While modularity Q more relies on size and total links of a network and can lead to serious resolution limit. Moreover, the limit is more serious as size of networks increasing.
Results on a PPI network
The budding yeast S. cerevisiae PPI network was obtained from the DIP database (http://dip.doe-mbi.ucla.edu/dip/), which contains human-curated high-throughput and small-scale binary interactions directly observed in experiments, as well as binary interactions inferred from high-confidence protein complex data. We only considered non-self physical interactions and built the PPI network. The giant component of the PPI network is composed of 2559 proteins linked by 7031 nonredundant interactions. In order to test the ability of SpeMD to extract complexes from the interaction network and compare it with other two methods, we compared the detected modules to known complexes in yeast as annotated by the Munich Information Center for Protein Sequences (MIPS) [27] using the P ol formula. We apply the SpeMD method to the yeast PPI network to detect functional modules. Totally, we obtain 279 protein modules of sizes from 4 to 38 with λ = 0.6 (To extract statistically and biologically significant modules, we remove 48 modules with size ≤ 3). In Table 1, we show detailed information of 15 detected modules and their matching with experimentally determined protein complexes that were catalogued in MIPS database. Figure 3 presents two such modules. For example, the second one is a nine-member module which matches with Golgi transport complex for stimulating intra-Golgi transport with P ol = 10−21.7.
Illustration of detected modules.
#Module
#Complex
#Overlap
— log10(PoI)
510.190.10.20.1
Illustration of 15 detected modules and their matching with experimentally determined protein complexes that were catalogued in MIPS database.
Examples of modules which match the MIPS complexes with great significance. (A) A seven-member module matches with the SSL2-core TFIIH complex when it is part of the nucleotide-excision repair factor 3 (NEF3) (P ol = 10-14.81). (B) A nine-member module matches with Golgi transport complex which stimulates intra-Golgi transport and is composed of eight proteins (P ol = 10-21.7).
Comparison with MCL and MQ
There has been many methods for detecting network modules. The comparison of all the methods is not an easy task. Here, we attempt to compare the MD (SpeMD) with two types of classical methods: MQ and MCL. Just as we have mentioned, the modularity (Q) maximization based module-detection method has been comprehensively applied in many fields including analysis of biological networks. Another method is the Markov Cluster algorithm (MCL) which was developed by van Dongen [29]. The method simulates a flow on the network by calculating successive powers of the network adjacency matrix. In each iteration, an inflation step is applied to enhance the contrast between regions of strong or weak flow in the network. The process converges towards a partition of the network, with a set of high-flow regions separated by boundaries with no flow. The value of the inflation parameter strongly influences the the size and number of the detected modules. In a recent evaluation study [28], the algorithm was found to be superior to several representative graph clustering algorithms including MCODE [9], RNSC [11] and SPC [8] for the prediction of protein complexes.
The module size distribution of detected modules for each method on the PPI network have been shown in Figure 4. The SpeMD and MCL identify 279 and 242 modules respectively without extremely large clusters (λ = 0.6 for SpeMD and inflation parameter = 1.7 for MCL). The major trend generated by MD and MCL are both similar to that of the complexes in MIPS database, which suggest the definition of modularity density is reasonable (Note that the MIPS complex is a combination of hand-curated and experimental complexes. They have some overlap, so complex curve is higher. But the trend is similar). Unfortunately, the module size distribution of MQ is very different from the previous ones. The MQ only detect 21 modules with relative large size ranging from 39 to 263. As tested on the simulated networks, the MQ method is highly limited by the resolution problem (Figure 5).
Module size distribution of different methods and MIPS protein complex with size > 3.
The modular organization of a MQ module. A MQ module with 62 proteins. We can clearly see this subnetwork show clear modular organization. The proteins with different colors are membership of eight SpeMD modules which correspond to more specific biological relevance (results not shown).
As to biological significance, the accuracy and separation are used for evaluating the correspondence between complexes and modules from each method [28]. From Figure 6, we can easily see that the SpeMD and MCL have consistently better performance than MQ. This means the modularity density based partition method can produce more biologically significant modules than the modularity based method. And the new quality function may become an evaluation index of modularity organization of networks. While MCL has no such evaluation function.
Performance of different methods on the PPI network. Four different measures including 'Accuracy', 'Cluster-wise separation', 'Complex-wise separation, and 'Clustering-wise separation' have been used.
PPI networks are typical examples of complex biological systems that are difficult to understand from raw experimental data alone. Algorithmic and modeling progresses in the area of biomolecular networks analysis could contribute to the understanding of biological processes and organization. Many methods have been developed to organize, display and extract significant patterns in these systems [2].
A number of network clustering algorithms have been proposed to find modular structures in PPI networks and other biological networks. Our work is a further development along this line for dissecting biological systems. Here we introduce the quantitative measure (Modularity density D) for exploring modular organization of networks to the field of biomolecular networks. We suggest the SA technique to maximize it for rigorous evaluation and we propose an efficient spectral -means method in the decomposition procedure. Our comparative experiments with MCL and MQ on a yeast PPI network show that the MD (SpeMD) method can effectively detect protein interaction modules from a complex interaction network. In the current research, we use known complexes to choose the optimal λ as well as the inflation parameter for MCL algorithm. Actually, we can also adopt an intrinsic measure which compares the resulting modules against the original network to choose the most appropriate parameter in an unsupervised manner. For example, van Dongen [29] suggested the so-called efficiency measure to test the performance of network clustering efficiency. Therefore, the present method can be easily adapted to a fully self-contained method that doesn't rely on any known data or given parameters. The current algorithm, as most clustering methods, uncovers only disjoint modules (clusters). However, in real biological systems, proteins can be contained in more than one functional module or complex. Zhang et al. (2007c) has suggested to apply fuzzy c-means clustering method to a spectral space for uncovering fuzzy modules [25]. It can also be addressed using an intrinsic measure based on the original network in the same way as suggested in [30] by post-processing the modules obtained from the present algorithm.
Modularity Q have been extensively employed for dissecting and evaluating the modular organization of biomolecular networks [3, 17–19] as well as clustering the graphic representation of gene expression profile data [31]. However, the heavy resolution limit of modularity Q reminds researchers to use it cautiously. And the modularity density D may become an alterative measure to achieve these goals.
In summary, our method is very effective for uncovering modular organization in biomolecular networks. It provides an objective approach to explore the organization and interactions of biological processes. With the increasing amount of biological ‘interaction' data available, MD (SpeMD) can facilitate the construction of a more complete view of the composition and interconnection of functional modules and the understanding of the organization of the whole cell at system level. We plan to automate this algorithm to compute functional modules for a large number of biological networks. We hope that related studies will benefit from the present method coupled with the modularity density D (Dλ).
This work is partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No. 10631070, No.60873205, Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences, kjcs-yw-s7, the Ministry of Science and Technology, China, under Grant No.2006CB503905 and the ‘Special Presidential Prize and Excellent PhD Thesis Award' Scientific Research Foundation of CAS.
SZ designed the study. SZ and XMN implemented the method, performed the experiments and analyzed the data. CD and XSZ contributed to discussions on the method. SZ, XMN, CD and XSZ wrote the manuscript.
Key Laboratory of Random Complex Structures and Data Science,Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
College of Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington Arlington, TX 76019, USA
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Curtis Bowman
Another cog in the culture industry
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The Coming GOP Crackup?
Here are two articles that should be read together: Howard Fineman's "Rove Unleashed" and Jonathan Chait's "Seeds of Downfall in GOP's Victory." Chait wrote his piece in direct response to Fineman's article.
Fineman discusses Karl Rove's long history of involvement with President Bush as well as Rove's plans for a permanent GOP majority.
Those plans, according to Fineman, take the following form:
. . . to design a legislative and philosophical agenda that will lead to further GOP gains, and beyond that to a political dominance that could last for decades, as FDR's New Deal did. The core principles are clear to anyone who listened to a Bush stump speech. They are drawn from a well of conservative (and, in the 19th-century sense, "liberal") dogma: that only free-market democracies respectful of traditional moral values can bring us a planet of fulfilled citizens secure from terror. In fact, Rove's formulation is a new hybrid, willing to use big government in the service of markets and morality. Asked to name Bush's biggest accomplishment thus far, Rove replied in a flash: "His clear-eyed explanation of how to win the war on terrorism. It was the defining moment of our time." In other words, the Architect plans to be fully engaged in formulating foreign policy and, while he isn't thought of as a leading neocon, his views are squarely within that camp.
On domestic policy, Rove has a theme at the ready: "the ownership society" he says the president wants to build. It's a bland phrase, but the ideas behind it are hardly status quo. One is to consider abolishing the income-tax system, replacing "progressive" (meaning graduated) rates with a flat tax or even a national sales tax or value-added tax. Another is to rechannel massive flows of tax money from Social Security to private savings accounts and into expanded medical savings accounts. Yet another is a crusade Bush and Rove have been pursuing since Texas: a national cap on damage awards in lawsuits.
In all cases, Rove wants to force Democrats to defend taxes and lawyers. Trained in the ways of direct-mail targeting, he doesn't want to seduce the whole country, just an expanded version of what he's already got. He's aiming at fast-growing exurban areas, where small-business entrepreneurs mostly Gen-Xers tend to distrust the New Deal paradigm of government. "We want to pay increased attention to those vibrant small-business climates," says Rove.
And it is in these places, where suburbs meet what's left of the countryside, that the GOP's conservative stands on social issues are welcome even (perhaps even especially) among younger families searching for stability and reassurance in a world of Darwinian economics. In the next term, Rove said, Bush will push hard for a constitutional amendment to define marriage as a union of man and woman, and for "strict constructionist" judges. "Voters like the president because he doesn't blink and he doesn't waver," says Rove, "and he isn't going to start. He says he values life, and he means it." The cold calculus: force Democrats to defend gay rights and unfettered access to abortion.
Getting from here to there is, of course, the hard part. Rove will have little trouble within the administration, where his reach is expanding as friends from the old Austin days are seeded throughout the government. They include Alberto Gonzales to attorney general at Justice, Margaret Spellings to Education, Harriet Miers to White House counsel, Ken Mehlman to the RNC and Condi Rice to State. Other key allies remain in place, led by Dan Bartlett, Rove's trusted communications aide. This posse's been riding for years. (Karen Hughes will keep a hand in, at a distance, from back home in Texas.)
Controlling the rest of the city won't be as easy. "Look, nobody is going to agree with the president 100 percent of the time," Rove says. For now, conservative power brokers say they trust him. "He gives us a sense that he is one of us," says Richard Viguerie. But they will castigate him and the president if the administration doesn't show sufficient enthusiasm for what Viguerie calls their "pro-Christian" agenda. And yet some of the party's biggest stars (Rudy and Arnold) want nothing to do with the Vigueries of the world.
Other forces are even harder to control. Reality may not match hopeful rhetoric in "elections" in places such as Ukraine, the Palestinian territories or Iraq. The falling dollar and soaring federal budget deficits may rob Bush of the chance to overhaul the tax code. Rove is hopeful about the 2006 midterms, but even FDR the last president to win re-election and increase his congressional majority at the same time (in 1936) saw his Democrats hammered in his second-term off-year election.
Chait argues that the above strategy, especially as it addresses fiscal policy, will continue to work for a while, but that it will eventually fall apart:
The Republicans are living in a fool's paradise. It's true that over the next few years Republicans will have enormous power. In the long run, however, they're doomed. Doomed, I tells ya! Doooomed! OK, I may have gotten slightly carried away there. Perhaps "doomed" overstates things a tad. But President Bush's political formula does carry the seeds of its own demise.
The classic example of a political realignment, as Newsweek notes, is the New Deal coalition. The New Deal succeeded politically because it delivered popular social programs to its constituents. As FDR's advisor Harry Hopkins famously described the formula, "tax and tax, spend and spend, and elect and elect." The Democrats' New Deal coalition eventually died of two main causes. First, it contained both those Americans most adamantly in favor of segregation (Southern conservatives) and those most adamantly opposed (liberals and blacks). The civil rights movement split that fissure wide open. Second, the Vietnam War and the Democrats' reaction to it destroyed the party's credibility on foreign policy.
Republicans have social fissures of their own. A huge part of the GOP base (the religious right) votes Republican in the hope of enacting a radical social agenda that another part of the GOP base (suburbanites and the business elite) has no intent or desire to carry out. And it's also possible that Republicans will suffer a Vietnam-style external shock of their own a severe recession or a bungled war. (Can't possibly imagine where the latter could happen, can you?)
The Republicans' main problem, however, is that their basic political and economic strategy is totally unsustainable. Where the Democrats had tax and spend, Bush has tax cut and spend. One core element of the Bush strategy is to lock in the allegiance of the business community through breaks for corporations, investors and the wealthy, in return for which they will gratefully give the GOP a huge fundraising advantage. Spending is another key element of the plan. Bush wooed the elderly with a prescription drug benefit and rural America with lavish agriculture subsidies.
Politically, it's working great so far. It may well continue to work great for the next four years. But the government can't run large structural deficits forever.
When conservatives are confronted with Bush's record on spending and deficits, they usually reply by admitting that it's a terrible shame the president hasn't slashed spending and he really ought to do something about it. Many hoped that Bush, having bribed enough voters to win reelection, would use his second term to enact a single-rate tax code and privatize Social Security. These are ways to get voters to swallow middle-class tax hikes and cuts in popular social programs, both of which are ultimately unavoidable if the rich are going to pay a permanently lower tax rate. Casting the debate as "simplification" (the flat tax) or "ownership" (privatized Social Security accounts), the thinking goes, will make them forget that they're paying a larger portion of the bill for government and getting less in return.
But even a few weeks after Bush's reelection those hopes are all but dead. First, Bush administration officials leaked that they would hold off on tax reform until 2006. Given that by then Congress will be facing elections and Bush's political strength will be on the wane, tax reform advocates agree that enacting tough changes will be impossible.
As for privatizing Social Security, the Republicans have floated the prospect of paying for that not with cuts in benefits or tax hikes but with enormous new borrowing. We would enjoy the benefit spiffy new accounts today. The bill comes later.
The upshot of both these developments is that a second Bush term means more of the same. Even with full control of the federal government and a president freed of the constraints of reelection, Republicans lack the political will to raise middle-class taxes or cut large spending programs.
Which means that eventually one or all of the following will happen: The budget deficit will drag the economy down; Republicans will have to inflict significant fiscal pain on major elements of their coalition; voters will elect Democrats to tame the deficit. It may take years before the "realignment" falls apart. But it won't take decades.
There is an inexorable logic to Republican fiscal irresponsibility, and it's hard to disagree with Chait's assessment that it will affect their coalition. The Bush administration has yet to show the willingness to make the hard domestic taxing and spending choices. Cutting taxes is easy to do politically. Facing the consequences of the cuts well, that's always the hard part, isn't it?
I've already blogged a bit about Bush's ownership society in a post that was influenced in part by Jonathan Chait.
Posted at 12:07 PM in Entitlement Spending, Politics | Permalink
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Bernard Lewis, Cultures in Conflict
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"How long should I search for an academic position?"
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Swimming with the Psychopaths (B-Scan 360)
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My Book Notes
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Blake Riley
Psychology of Intimate Relationships video course
Lectures from a UCLA course on love, attraction, marriage, and conflict are available free online. As a way to escape everything else on my plate right now, I started listening to these yesterday. The course is taught by Benjamin Karney, with assistance from Thomas Bradbury. Karney in particular is an entertaining speaker, and who doesn’t want to have a better understanding of love and relationships? My notes on the first four lectures follow.
Flash videos: http://academicearth.org/courses/psychology-of-families-and-couples
RealPlayer videos and mp3s: http://www.oid.ucla.edu/webcasts/courses/2008-2009/2009spring/psychm176-1
Additional accompanying videos at: http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/ssc/lederman/bradbury/bradbury.html (Based on the first few, these videos are not that interesting and don’t add much. Despite being less than ten minutes each, my attention wandered quickly.)
Lecture 1: Course Introduction
In this lecture, Karney defines intimate relationships, points out how important they are in our lives, and identifies the big mystery in the field. To him, the really interesting question about love is why it changes over time, possibly despite our desires for it to stay the same.
04:00 — Interdependence as a measure of whether a relationship exists; the degree to which the actions of one entity affects the outcomes of another determines the degree the two are related.
06:30 — Dimensions of interdependence: frequency of contact, duration of contact, diversity of types of interactions, direction of influence (uni- vs. bi-directional), and strength of influence
13:30 — Hence, a close relationship is one of strong, frequent, and diverse interdependence that lasts over a considerable period of time.
14:30 — Close relationships include family, friends, and intimate relationships, but this course only focuses on intimate ones, so what is intimacy?
16:30 — Sexual potential is a necessary, but not sufficient, component.
18:30 — Fidelity: you don’t care as much if your friends have other friends, but intimate partners are treated as special and unique, with a possessive element.
23:00 — Intimate relations are really, really powerful. Constitute our highest highs and lowest lows, to the point of affecting our health and longevity.
27:30 — Lying and deception: white lies are told to strangers, but the big lies are saved for close partners. If a wife is murdered, the first place to look is the husband.
31:00 — Holding a partner’s hand reduced the threat of an electric shock delivered in a brain scanner, and the stronger the relationship, the greater the effect.
33:00 — Couples that are nicer to each other tend to live longer.
35:00 — Why do some relationships last and some don’t?
36:30 — Over 50% of first marriages dissolve through divorce or legal separation.
37:40 — Divorce rate is highest in the second year, and declines steadily from there.
39:00 — Younger age of marriage correlates with higher rates of divorce, as well as remarriages.
41:00 — Rather than ask what prevents divorce, maybe we should care about what makes a relationship satisfying.
43:00 — However, we have a good sense of what makes a marriage satisfying: trust, humor, good sex, chemistry. The huge mystery is why things change.
Lecture 2: Methods of Studying Families and Couples
To objectively study an abstract topic like love, researchers must identify a concrete representation to measure. Methods of study include self-reports and direct observation, each with their own benefits and drawbacks. Because relationships are so important, research must be conducted carefully to remain ethical, but the potential benefits of understanding are enormous.
09:30 — Relationship science measures constructs, i.e. abstract ideas like love, commitment, or satisfaction. These can’t be studied directly, so a construct is operationalizalized by translating it into concrete terms.
14:30 — Health is a construct, but number of visits to a doctors is an operationalization.
15:00 — Self-reports are one possible measure of love. Only way to discover some things.
17:30 — Zick Rubin constructed one of the first love scales, a list of 13 questions for the respondent to rate agreement on a scale from 1 to 9.
23:00 — Self-reports are easy to conduct, cheap, and quick, but people are apt to lie or simply not be aware of the truth.
26:00 — Couples were asked to check a list of activities they did together over the last 24 hours, and agreement only occurred 50% of the time.
29:00 — Another strategy is systematic observation of verbal communication, emotional expressions, length of eye gaze, or biological responses.
47:00 — Observation can be very relevant (if you choose the metric well), has lots of detail, and requires concrete definitions.
48:45 — On the other hand, it’s very expensive, must be done with the subject aware they are being observed, and we don’t always know what a behavior means to the people involved.
54:30 — Cross-sectional research helps with description of what traits are associated with others. Longitudinal research helps with prediction.
57:00 — Type of research can lead to contradictory results.
59:00 — Cross-sectional data showed marital happiness increased steadily from 20 years on, but longitudinal data showed satisfaction declining through married life.
61:00 — Who are we studying?
65:00 — How ethical is the research?
68:00 — A study involving one group being repeatedly questioned and another only at the beginning and the end, and intense study magnified existing feelings. Good relationships became better and bad ones became worse.
Lecture 3: Theories of Intimate Relationships, Part I
Theories are like maps: they are better to the extent they correspond with reality, but also leave out details. They provide direction for further research by organizing existing knowledge. Two prominent theories are based on evolutionary history and childhood attachment. Evolutionary psychology looks to selection pressures in our ancestral environment that are carried over into the modern world. Attachment theory says that the mental models we build in childhood of how loved ones treat us are also applied in adulthood to romantic partners.
Note: A UC San Diego class was mentioned where the students did exercises designed to make them fall in love with paired partner. The class was taught by Robert Epstein, who was profiled in this article. Epstein wrote an article in Scientific American Mind on how we fall in love, along with descriptions of the exercises. Some include embracing and synchronizing breathing, gazing into each others’ eyes for two minutes, mimicking each others’ actions, sharing secrets, standing four feet apart and moving slightly closer every ten seconds until almost touching, and placing palms close, but not touching, and trying to sense the other person. Each is inspired by research, and said to increase closeness even with complete strangers.
02:00 — We develop personal theories about love to navigate our own relationships.
03:30 — “Science is built up of facts, as a house is built of stones; but an accumulation of facts is no more a science than a heap of stones is a house.” — Henri Poincaré
07:00 — What does a good theory do? Organizes existing knowledge, explains in a parsimonious way, makes specific predictions, and guides measurement decisions.
12:30 — A good theory of relationships should encompass the full range of predictors, specify mechanisms of change, and account for variability between between couples and within couples over time.
17:00 — Theories can be organized by how far they look back into human history.
17:30 — Evolutionary psychology looks for motives when seeking and dealing with a partner in ancestral environments. “Human seek specific mates to solve specific adaptive problems that their ancestors confronted during the source of human evolution.” — David Buss.
24:30 — Psychological mechanisms are the tendency to think and respond to a certain situation in a certain way, and are passed down just like physical traits.
30:00 — Our psychological mechanisms is adapted to living on the African savannah, not modern society.
33:00 — Theory of Parental Investment posits that the particular facts of human reproduction — women bearing a small number of children that require a high investment from the mother, but not necessarily the father — exerts the most influence on sexual preferences.
37:00 — Women should prefer men capable of protecting them and men should prefer women who are more fertile because of the differential costs.
40:40 — David Buss showed women find emotional infidelity worse than sexual infidelity, and vice versa for men.
45:00 — This result held internationally, across cultures and levels of development.
49:00 — The evolutionarily instilled psychological mechanisms are not necessarily conscious.
54:40 — Does the theory only pick out obvious predictions? A striking result: Ovulating women should be more sensitive to cues of reproductive fitness. To test this, college men were tested for physical symmetry, a known marker of genetic health. They were given clean t-shirts to wear while sleeping. Women who were ovulating preferred the scent of more symmetric men, even though other women couldn’t discern the difference.
61:00 — However, evolutionary theory doesn’t account well for differences within genders or how relationships change once they are formed.
62:00 — Attachment theory looks into our personal past, to the relationships we formed as children with our parents.
66:00 — From those early relationships, we develop mental models about whether others will be available to care for us, which are also applied to relationships.
67:00 — Mary Ainsworth showed babies tend to have three styles of attachment: secure, avoidant, and anxious/ambivalent. These ways of coping continue into adulthood.
69:00 — Same system might have evolved to deal with parent-child and lover relationships.
72:00 — Attachment theory can explain where our standards and expectations for intimacy come from and why we end up in the same types of relationships.
Lecture 4: Theories of Intimate Relationships, Part II
Other theories of love include Social Exchange Theory, Social Learning Theory, and Social Ecological Theory. The first says partners evaluate relationships based on their net rewards and costs. The second focuses on how partners respond to each others’ actions, with behavior being conditioned by repeated interaction. The last looks to external influences like culture or major events to explain how relationships differ and why they change.
05:30 — Best prediction of poverty is recent divorce.
09:30 — Social Exchange Theory posits partners evaluate the rewards and costs ssociated with being in the relationship, along with the alternatives. Recognizes that satisfaction with a relationship is not the only net outcome of the relationship.
14:00 — Rewards include material gains, status, comfort …
15:00 — Costs include pain, lost opportunities …
16:30 — Satisfaction is the difference between the outcome and expectations. Dependency is the difference between the outcome and the alternatives. The two are correlated, but could be very different.
23:00 — The theory predicts break-ups and divorce. Between 20-40% of people who file for divorce never follow through, possibly because the costs become more salient.
26:30 — Explains why some distress relationships continue, but still doesn’t address change well.
32:30 — Social Learning Theory says our behavior is molded and shaped within relationships. Rewarding and punishing interactions affect later behavior and judgments.
37:00 — Behaviors accumulate. Negative behaviors might be met with rewards in the short-term, but bring long-term costs. Nagging might bring desired actions right now, but in the future, communication might jump to resistance and yelling.
43:00 — Capability to spontaneously generate positive emotion can sustain a relationship.
45:00 — Reactions to behaviors mediated by cognitive models; same action might be interpreted differently at different times or by different people.
48:00 — Social Learning suggests researchers should observe actual interactions.
51:00 — Good couples have conflict, but can prevent negative feedback loops that make the conflict grow and continue.
53:00 — The theory suggests interventions can successfully improve relationships.
55:30 — Explains how relationships change through accumulated negativity, but leaves out where negative behavior originally comes from and how spontaneous improvement improves.
58:00 — Last theory is Social Ecological Theory, which looks to the stresses, supports, and constraints in the surrounding environment.
66:30 — Suggests culture and SES should be taken seriously.
Written by blakeriley
Posted in notes, psychology
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You suggest that my course at UCSD was mentioned in Dr. Karney’s second lecture. I skipped through and couldn’t confirm this. Was the mention indeed in lecture 2? If so, can you help me find it? Cordially, /re
Dr. Robert Epstein
I added the note afterwords and couldn’t remember where the reference was made, but it seemed most fitting with the second. Dr Karney actually mentioned it at the beginning of the third lecture. Sorry for the confusion.
blakeriley
hello professor
in your course you mentioned about a book that we must read when we are listening to your courses
how i can download it? i didnt see that here
2011.02.6 at 02:54
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Econ 102 — Spring 2011
Scoring Rules for Self-Interested Experts
Market Scoring Rules
Incentives to Exercise (2009) – Charness and Gneezy
Microfoundations of the city
Division of labor at the LHC
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Beautycounter is Working to Protect Salon Workers
April 16, 2018 July 31, 2018 by Beautycounter
Did you know that manufacturers of professional products do not need to list ingredients for products used in a professional salon setting such as nail polish, hair-straightening treatments and hair color?
Salon workers are often exposed to harmful chemicals linked to cancer, reproductive harm, and allergies at a higher rate than the general population. Moreover, women of color represent a majority of the salon professional field.
Last year, Beautycounter supported a California legislative measure (AB 2775) that aims to provide transparency in products marketed toward and used by salon professionals, and make information surrounding product ingredients used in products at salons potential health risks more accessible to the public. The Professional Cosmetics: Labeling Requirements Bill would give salon workers access to information about the potentially harmful ingredients they come in contact with every day. If this seems like common sense, it is.
This year, Beautycounter joined a roster of organizations. Some of these organizations include Breast Cancer Prevention Partners, Black Women for Wellness and Women’s Voices for the Earth, and the California Healthy Nail Salon Collaborative. We’re honored to work alongside these women-led organizations to advocate for this important bill’s passage.
Last week marked a significant step forward for the bill as Assemblyman Ash Kalra, the sponsor of the bill, presented it before the Committee on Environmental Safety and Toxic Materials. With a unanimous vote in favor of the bill, it now moves to the Senate Appropriations Committee where we expect a similar outcome.
Beautycounter will continue to advocate for this bill to give salon owners, workers, and consumers like you access to important ingredient information.
If you live in California, you can contact your legislators to express your support HERE. Live outside the state? Share the link with your friends in California to sign and show their support. California is a key market for personal care products and an incubator for policies that are adopted at the federal level. Your voice will help inspire national change.
Artwork by Hanna Barczyk.
advocacy ingredient safety
Advocating for Safer Beauty for Our 5th Anniversary
The New Beauty Standard: An Update on Beautycounter’s Social and Environmental Efforts
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« 2015 Met Gala: "China : Through the Looking glass" & John Galliano | Main | Jiva-Apoha: Send help to Nepal, A Mother's Day message »
CHANEL Resort 2016 show in South Korea
By Deborah Ferguson
Karl Lagerfeld conquers a new territory in which other luxury brands have not yet explored: South Korea.
“I think people don’t know so much about it. They know everything about China and Japan, but I think they don’t know so much about [South] Korea. I thought it was a good idea,” the designer said during a fitting before the Korean-inspired Chanel cruise show that he showed Monday night at the futuristic Dongdaemun Design Plaza.
South Korea has a prominent pop culture whether it be K-Pop, their soap operas, and or their own talented RTW designers, yet the western world is highlighting China,Japan etc. CHANEL showing in South Korea is both a political and cultural statement, on the eve of The Met Gala which highlights all that is Chinese culture and fashion.
Karl shares his POV on how Korean art, traditional fashion 'hanboks'' ( South Korean version of a Kimono) pop culture inspired his Resort 2015 collection “It’s a cosmopolitan idea of the local fashion"the show. “This doesn’t exist in [any] other country in the eastern part of the world — only in Korea,” Lagerfeld said of the patchwork technique, volumious, high waisted silhouettes that he presented.
The traditional CHANEL tweeds, in bright weave tones were notable. “It’s an updated Korean version of the Chanel jacket,” Lagerfeld noted.
The hair design referenced South Korean Period dramas with oversized thick braids in interesting formations that were a cross between mini Mouse and traditional crowns. The leather socks 'built in' to the chunky low heels were also a nod to traditional South Korean costume.
Karl created one of his key collaborators: Kim Young Seong ; a South Korean CHANEL fabric researcher. The South Korean influence is apparent in patchwork and bright weaves, which are stand out looks.
Somehow CHANEL /Karl Lagerfeld was able to ensure some of his A-list front row gallery was flown to South Korea despite the the Met Gala the next day in NYC; Kirsten Stewart,Gisele Bundchen, Tilda Swinton, Lo-Fang,Isabelle Huppert, and Rink Kikuchi. And some local K-Pop talent ; rapper G-Dragon, Krystal,Taeyang, actress Shin-Hye Park,and Ah-Sung Go.
“I wanted something that was the modem part of Korea,” Lagerfeld explained regarding his show presentation.
And he also mentioned his famous feline companion;
“It’s too dangerous,” he said, explaining the decision not to bring his feline to the South Korean capital. “I get images all of the time. I can even speak to her if she appears on the screen with her maid.”
Overall, the show’s audience responded positively to Lagerfeld’s reinterpretation of their culture.
“The styling was really Korean. They mixed a lot of elements of traditional Korean style with Chanel’s own identity…[and] I was so proud to see this as a Korean,” G-Dragon said.
Yoona Im, a K-pop star with the group Girls’ Generation, was one of many to comment on the distinctive hairpieces. “The hairstyles were very Korean – they incorporated the use of the traditional Korean wig….It was so impressive, I could see a balance between Eastern and Western cultures in the collection.”
Kristen Stewart shares her CHANEL trip to South Korea “We walked through a park. We ate a lot of Korean barbecue. I made myself really sick, which is awesome. I ate too many chilis. We went to a Korean spa and I’ve never been cleaner in my entire life or less relaxed,” said the actress.
Gisele Bündchen “I love the food and I love all the greenery,” she told her fans as they filmed her on their smartphones. “I like how you guys take care of your environment. That’s important to me.”
Chanel has 15 boutiques in South Korea. Pavlovsky said Chanel is gearing up for a major opening in Seoul in 2017, a Peter Marino-designed flagship. Pavlovsky said the store will be “exactly the same kind of operation” as Tokyo’s Ginza store, a 10-story landmark in Tokyo housing an Alain Ducasse restaurant.
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BRAZIL'S BEAUTIFUL GIANT PEACOCK BASS
( BLOG 2) THE AMAZON IS THE KING OF RIVERS AND PEACOCKS ARE THE QUEENS
I loved the 1992 movie about fly-fishing in Montana titled A River Runs Through It. After all, that's been one of the themes of my life. And now fishing the Amazon River has become one of the highlights of my life.
As a kid, I taught myself to swim and spent every summer afternoon swimming and rafting on the Saugeen River in Chesley near Owen Sound. As an adult, for 30 years I have fled the city to my point on the Trent River. I have cruised all the famous rivers - the Nile, Rhine, Volga, Mississipi, Danube and Yangtze.
Yet high on my wish list was to see the Amazon. I have been busy crossing dream destinations off my Bucket List (remember the 2007 movie) from the Great Wall to Easter Island. I have been to a third of the countries of the world, and to almost every country around Brazil, but never into it to see its mighty pump of life. The huge Amazon watershed has a fifth of all the fresh water on the planet and dwarfs those other famous rivers. For example, it discharges seven times the volume of the Mississipi. No wonder its name has become slang for the mightiest of the female athletes.
My chance to visit the Amazon Basin and fish for one of the most famous of its 3,000 species of fish came when Walter Oster, head of the Canadian National Sportsmen's Shows, told me he was taking a group there for the second time. Oster has been goading me for years with the adventurous tales of the trophy fish he has caught in Costa Rica, our far north and wherever there's a fabled fish to land...AND BOAST ABOUT!!! (Don't you think Oster looks a tad envious just below when I get the first bass of the day in the picture by Dick Loek?)
Lately even his tall tales have been confirmed by Loek's great pictures, who also took the wonderful shot of a peacock bass up top, with its distinctive three bars glistening in the tropical sun as the "paca" tried to dance from my boat.
Since Loek is such a superb photographer ( I worked with him at the Telegram and have also judged national photography competitions) you can even see the yellow/red bucktail jig hanging from its mouth. Just a six-pounder, which is average for a giant peacock but would be a fish to boast about on the Trent, Yet on such enormous Amazon tributaries as the Negro, bass from ten to 18 pounds are common and trophies over 20 pounds are taken weekly.
I wish I had a dollar for every cast I made with those jigs. Since peacocks love to sit under the flooded banks and trees in still water and strike like lightning at their food fish, it was casting casting casting, for ten hours daily, to the ragged shore, up the twisted trees, into snarled vegetation, under drowned logs, while macaws and parrots squabbled noisely and shy monkeys fled.
It is an incredible tribute to my native guide, Altamar, for me to boast that I never lost a lure. He even had to climb trees and chop branches with a dangerous machete to get the jigs we bought for $5 each on the mother ship, the Blackwater Explorer. If we weren't fighting snags, it was the guerilla attacks by piranha which could shred the flashy jigs with one slash of those teeth.
You had to listen to Altamar for guidance in his mangled English (which is much better than my Portuguese) because occasionally a pair of giant peacock bass will babysit their young in fast, deep water, and you can spot them by a circle of bubbles. Humans are the only enemy of these parents because, as Paul Reiss says in his careful academic language, they have the attitude to other fish "that if you want to come near me and my babies, I will kick the shit out of you."
Reiss owns Acute Angling with a Brazilian partner and is working on his doctorate in ichthyology. He
gives lectures on the Amazonian fish in the dining cabin every night and ignored the profane humour of all-male fishing parties and would-be wags who say they understand Polysporin is just the medicine to cure ichthyology.
There were 14 fishermen, two to a boat and a guide, while Loek roamed around snapping and insulting and fishing. Typical behaviour starting at 6.30 a.m., after an ungawdly wakeup knock an hour earlier, was one man casting a jig and the other a surface lure called the Woodchopper. Its rear twin props sent up a noisy roostertail as we pulled it across the water when we hadn't sailed it into a tree.
Hard to cast, but one driven fishermen, Bill Barootes, who has that good downtown Toronto restaurant, was casting like a metronome every 15 seconds. I counted. For 10 hours. More than 2,300 casts a day. I told Oster that I didn't want to be switched to Barootes boat because he wore me out just watching. Even my wrist ached in sympathy.
Okay, you say. Just how many peacock bass, and a few piranha, did the intrepid 15 catch in 6 1/2 days? Around 820 because the water was so high. Usually, it would be around a thousand for that group.
I also hasten to add, because both the immigration officers in Miami and Toronto wondered aloud in aggrieved tones what we did with 820 fish, that it was catch and release, except for a few plump beauties for a delicious farewell shore lunch, where the guides filleted and cooked the fish on and over small branches chopped from the jungle. There was also fish every night to go with the steak, great soup like one made from piranha, and other tasty food that was part of the main meal, followed by unique Brazilian desserts. And then to the third-deck free bar.
Of course we drank. A lot. The advice from Reiss is that we were in serious danger from dehydration from the broiling sun that had us dripping with sweat in temperatures of 32 C. unless we had to stop at least once to pee while trying not to fall into the black water. In a typical day, I drank at least four icy bottles of water, several beers and a couple of Coke Zeros while fishing, and then there were long, long rum and cokes in the evening.
That's what I will remember, drinking and casting and sweating and having a wonderful time even when my main partner, Dave Walden, a successful roofer, ridiculed my technique.
He was the better fisherman. But I caught more fish. Around 50, but my biggest were six and seven pounds. He did have a bigger one at eight, and won third in the tournament. I kept reminding him of the day I fished instead with Roger Cannon, the retired boss of Rapala Canada (most pronounce it RaPALa, which is wrong.) We caught 35 fish, which is my best day ever, anywhere.
Reiss kept moving the boat to follow the fish. Why? We only had 18 trophies between 10 and 18 pounds, but no monster close to the one he has caught at just over 25 pounds. And then we got skunked one day because that stretch of the Amazon tributary was in full flood.
At Manaus, the city of two million where the Negro joins the Amazon, the rivers have risen in the past by 50 feet. We flew from there in a cramped small charter to a sleepy town called Barcelos in the quest for bigger fish, but the rains had the Negro rising by nearly 25 feet.
Yet each day we climbed into the seven small boats we trailed behind the new and distinctive Brazilian river boat, after extricating ourselves from the smallest boat cabins I have ever been in, and our hopes bloomed anew. Today we would catch more peacocks than we would catch trees. And then it started to happen. Hallelujah!
Posted by John Downing at 2:01 PM
OPERA IN THE BRAZILIAN JUNGLE
YOU CAN NEVER GET AWAY FROM IT ALL, EVEN IN THE RE...
EVERYONE KNEW THE NAME OF JUDY WELCH
KEITH DAVEY, MICHEL GRATTON, HAPPY POLITICAL WARRI...
FIGHTING TO GET TO GIANT BASS
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For MSSPs
Vendor Integration
Citations & Awards
Threat Detection & Investigation Blog
How to Keep Ransomware in the Headlines and Out of Your Network : And that Includes LockerGoga, NotPetya, WannaCry Among Others
March 28 By Arie Fred, VP of Product, SecBI
Ransomware Cyber Security wannacry NotPetya LockerGoga
Cybercrime has hit the news again as a result of the recent Norsk Hydro attack by the ransomware LockerGoga and we can already see its massive impact. Unfortunately, we’ve read too many headlines like this one before. Even the name of the affected company resembles other famous breaches that brought ransomware to the forefront of public knowledge (and fear). As you probably guessed, I am referring to the MAERSK attack by NotPetya.
Going further back in time to the WannaCry ransomware attack, then security managers said that this massive ransomware attack exposed significant weaknesses in global IT systems. We knew that we’re likely to see more attacks leveraging similar techniques, causing even greater damage in the future. While the WannaCry and NotPetya attacks were similar, they are not exactly the same as this recent one, LockerGoga. Most probably it was not a self-propagating malware, meaning that the attacker had to be more dedicated and “work harder” to infiltrate the Norsk Hydro network to compromise the ActiveDirectory and spread from there.
Even though this latest attack differs from NotPetya, the variant of this LockerGoga malware has been known for several months. It had already been used in a few attacks, one example was against Altran Technologies, an engineering consultancy company based in France, affecting some of its operations in several countries. Unfortunately, the key lesson did not come across strong enough: Once the threat was known, preventive action could (and should) have been taken against the threat before it infiltrated Norsk Hydro’s system.
Why am I comparing these three attacks: LockerGoga, NotPetya, and WannaCry? What do all three of these attacks have in common? Besides the use of ransomware, the impacted companies reverted to manual operations, and were “lucky” enough to have a backup, which is not always the case.
Although having a strong backup plan is great, there’s no reason to suffice with backup. It’s a better strategy to have strong controls from the start to prevent such large- scale attacks. To prevent and protect against known and unknown large-scale ransomware attacks, security managers must implement five essential tactics:
A security policy – This is the basic control needed in any cybersecurity deployment. With it, you will perform backups, examine your gateways and attack vectors, as well as build protection mechanisms. In all the above cases, it’s obvious that it was less than complete (at least on the implementation side).
Network segmentation – To keep organizations safe, it is crucial to segment networks. Some plants making aluminum products were impacted by the Norsk Hydro breach, although Hydro's main aluminum production sites were "running as normal", according to reports. By simply segmenting the network, plants shutting down was a problem that could have been avoided.
Endpoint security – As the facts from the Norsk Hydro breach become known, it has come to light that the malware was never identified. That is a mind-blowing fact that highlights the importance of endpoint security, not to mention underlines the avoidable problems created by not having endpoint security on all endpoints.
Network security and visibility – The ability to see everything, regardless of endpoint types and security deployment, is crucial in understanding the full scope of an unveiling incident. For example, we know with high probability that the ransomware was loaded from email and that it was designed to evade endpoint security and sandboxes, demonstrating that network visibility would have identified the breach.
Backup – As previously mentioned, following the detection of the attacks at Norsk Hydro breach, Maersk and Altran Technologies, all three companies reverted to manual operations but also successfully returned to full operation from the recent backup. Although those attacks were very serious, all of the chatter around these specific incidents would have looked quite different without this backup option.
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When the Results are as Good if not Better, Why Bother with Packet Capture in NTA?
Pros and Cons of Unsupervised Vs Supervised Machine Learning
Keeping up with hackers using unsupervised machine learning
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No Left Turn in Russia
A protest vote is growing in Russia. But this is not a pivot toward socialism; rather, it is an expression of anger that the government has torn up the Putin-era social contract.
Chavismo, Russian Style: The Winners of Russia’s Regional Elections
Gleb Kuznetsov
The opposition victors in Russian regional elections were not anti-establishment liberals but traditionalists and paternalists, unhappy with the Kremlin’s modernization agenda.
Far East Defeat: How the Kremlin Lost an Election
Natalya Zubarevich
The Kremlin’s chosen candidate lost the gubernatorial race in Russia’s Primorsky region. In part, that can be chalked up to local economic and political conditions. But while the Primorsky loss might seem like an outlier now, it may also foreshadow problems that the Russian regime will encounter as the country moves into the 2020s.
A Tactical Retreat: The Kremlin Reins in a War on Online Extremism
Lincoln Pigman
A crackdown on online “extremism” has drawn rare resistance from both the Russian public and the political elite, forcing the Kremlin to support changes to the country’s main anti-extremism law.
System Failure in Russia: The Elections That Didn’t Go as Planned
The Kremlin obviously understands that elections held under the old rules will result in more defeats. The rules, therefore, will have to change. Just like in 2013–2014, when opposition candidates started winning mayoral elections, the Kremlin first welcomed their victory, but then dispatched local legislatures to scrap mayoral elections altogether. They remain in just seven out of 83 regional centers. A similar fate may now await gubernatorial elections.
Depoliticization in Russia: The Growth of the Protest Vote
Unhappy with plans to raise the retirement age, the decline in their living standards, and tax hikes, Russians can’t vote for the real opposition. Strong candidates are either not allowed to run or prefer to cooperate with the authorities by not running, while in-system parties deliberately tone down their rhetoric. Under such conditions, the protest vote becomes random: people are willing to vote for anyone but the ruling regime candidates.
Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin Is Now Russia’s Marketer-in-Chief
Ahead of Sunday’s elections, the multifunctional Sobyanin brand was promoted like the latest washing machine.
The Doors are Still Closing: Russia and the World Cup
Russia has opened its doors to thousands of foreigners for the World Cup, but the realities of Putin’s Russia are bigger than the feel-good spirit provided by the football.
Who Can Protest Russia’s Pension Reforms the Loudest?
Opposition forces are competing for the spotlight in Russia.
For Putin, Sport Is a State Affair
The tradition of sport acting as a kind of hybrid war has seamlessly continued in Russia into the post-Soviet period. It is victory at any cost, because victory has political significance. It’s soft power, the face of the country, the image of an invincible nation ruled by a wise leader.
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Artful use of question effective evangelization tool, says Horn
Trent Horn, an apologist for Catholic Answers, talks about the artful question during a speech at the Gospel of Life Conference Oct. 22 in Centennial. The annual conference is hosted by Catholic Charities' Respect Life Office.
Apologist Trent Horn shares method to discussing faith at annual Gospel of Life Conference
One of the most effective ways to discuss the Catholic faith with someone else is not to quote the Bible or Catechism of the Catholic Church. According to apologist Trent Horn, it’s to ask the right questions.
“I try to teach people that to be successful at defending your faith, especially the moral teachings of the Church, you don’t need to have all the right answers, you just need the right questions,” Horn said.
The sought-after apologist outlined his approach to evangelizing during a talk at the annual Gospel of Life Conference Oct. 22 hosted by Denver Catholic Charities’ Respect Life Office. Horn models the approach during the Catholic Answers Live weekly radio program when he dialogues with atheists, pro-abortion advocates and other non-Catholic callers.
He told a crowd of about 200 gathered for the conference that the artful use of a question helps share an idea with another while avoiding a tense conversation.
“Asking the right questions moves the conversation forward,” Horn said. “When you ask questions, it takes you out of the hot seat and puts you into the driver’s seat of the conversation.”
Statements about the faith are easy to ignore, he added.
“Every time you make statement you give that person a license to let it go in one ear and out the other. But when you ask questions you force them to think. You can lead a critic to an answer but you can’t make them think.
The first question is simply asking what the other person believes. The second question is ‘Why?’
“The key with the ‘what’ questions are to get as specific as possible,” Horn said. “Make the person outline their view and really try to think it through because many people don’t. That’s the easiest way to show there’s an inconsistency with their worldview.”
For example, when dialoguing with a pro-abortion advocate, it’s good to begin by asking what they think about abortion and why they believe it. The term “pro-choice” is vague and can vary widely in definition person-to-person. Horn suggested asking what they think about abortion and then why they believe it should be legal up to 6 months of pregnancy.
“The third kind of question is more difficult. This requires more practice to use but it’s incredibly helpful to master,” Horn said. “That would be the challenge question. A challenge question is—now that you know what the person believes and why they believe it—to look and find an inconsistency somewhere and gently ask them about that.”
In continuing his example, if a pro-abortion advocate says they’re for abortion up to 6 months, Horn suggested asking for their response to a hypothetical situation.
“What if someone prolife says, ‘I’m going to pass a law that draws the line at conception. Would you say that’s arbitrary? Isn’t what you’re saying equally arbitrary? Shouldn’t they be held to same standard?’” he continued.
If the advocate responds that the fetus needs to look like a baby before abortion can be illegal, a pro-lifer may respond with another question. “Why does looking like a baby matter? Why do you have to look like a human to matter? There are humans who are victims of accidents and disease and don’t look human but are treated humanely.”
Hypothetical questions are the best way to turn a conversation from a toe-to-toe battle to a shoulder-to-shoulder discussion. The end goal is to help the other recognize inconsistencies and lead them to the truth.
“We leave a pebble in their shoe,” Horn said. “That’s ultimate what we’re going to be doing. We cannot convince people. We cannot convert people. That’s the job of the Holy Spirit. But what we can do is we can ask questions and elicit and find common ground.”
Horn’s talk concluded a series of speakers at the conference aimed to give attendees the tools to engage in dialogue about the faith in an often-relativistic society. Bioethics Professor Marilyn Coors, Augustine Institute Professor Dr. Ted Sri, and Colorado Catholic Conference Executive Director Jenny Kraska also spoke at the event.
The Respect Life Office recorded the speakers’ talks and will make available to the public. Visit http://gospeloflifeco.org for details.
← Biggest and brightest speakers to share insights at Gospel of Life ConferenceTruckload of turkeys a boon for Catholic Charities turkey drive →
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Catholic Charities opens Denver’s largest women’s-only shelter
Mayor Michael B. Hancock, Archbishop Samuel J. Aquila praise service to vulnerable population
Denver, CO— Catholic Charities in the Archdiocese of Denver opened today Samaritan House Women’s Shelter in northeast Denver to serve vulnerable single women experiencing homelessness—making it the largest women’s-only shelter in Denver.
With support from the City and County of Denver, Catholic Charities renovated a 32,000 square-foot building at 6240 E. Smith Road. The facility will offer emergency overnight services for up to 100 single women, beginning September 15. An additional 50 women will have access to an on-site 29-day non-medical recovery program with services intended to help them on the path to stability. This new facility, in combination with women’s shelter space at Samaritan House at 2301 Lawrence St., will enable Catholic Charities to provide shelter for up to 250 single women each night.
Denver Mayor Michael B. Hancock and Denver Archbishop Samuel J. Aquila joined Catholic Charities President and CEO Larry Smith today at the new shelter.
“Catholic Charities is charting a new course in caring for women experiencing homelessness by offering a continuum of care that can transform their lives,” said Smith. “To serve single women who are homeless, we must first give them shelter to protect them from harm on the streets, then be creative in helping them chart a path to stability. Our mission is to serve others with the love, mercy and compassion of Jesus Christ.”
In the Denver metro region, there were 1,722 homeless women (or 33.7 percent of the total) on a given night in January, according to the 2017 Point-In-Time report from the Metro Denver Homeless Initiative.
The 29-day transitional program at the new Samaritan House Women’s Shelter will accommodate up to 50 women in crisis. When fully operational, more than 500 women could be served annually. Residents will apply for benefits, have access to recovery resources and mental health services, and explore employment opportunities in the computer lab.
Once residents become stable in the 29-day program, they are eligible to move into the 120-day Levels Program at Samaritan House downtown, which gives residents the life skills, confidence and opportunity they need to gain employment, find housing and live independently.
The $5.1 million Samaritan House Women’s Shelter project included $1 million from the city of Denver. The administrative offices of Catholic Charities will be co-located with the shelter. Catholic Charities also operates Marisol Homes, The Mission in Fort Collins and Guadalupe Community Center in Greeley.
“We are fortunate here in Denver to have a strong community of partners who work alongside the city to serve those experiencing homelessness,” Denver Mayor Michael B. Hancock said. “The new Samaritan House Women’s Shelter will provide a safe place to sleep for up to 100 women each night, as well as shelter, access to health and wellness services, and employment options for an additional 50 women.”
Mayor Hancock spoke at today’s event and will attend the Sam’s Supper fundraising dinner on Friday, Aug. 25, at Mile High Station downtown. On behalf of the City and County of Denver, Mayor Hancock will accept the He Comes to Serve Award from Catholic Charities, which recognizes those who help Catholic Charities lead the way in serving those in the greatest need.
Archbishop Samuel J. Aquila of the Archdiocese of Denver also spoke at today’s event and will attend Sam’s Supper.
“Few people are aware that single women are one of the fastest growing segments of homelessness in America,” said Archbishop Aquila. “To combat this growing epidemic and bring the love of Christ to these women, Catholic Charities has opened its new Samaritan House Women’s Shelter to provide vulnerable women with meals, clothing, case management and a safe place to rest.”
Cheryl Talley, Director, Communications and Marketing
gro.revnedcc@yellatc
← Catholic Charities to open largest women’s-only shelter in DenverBottom Line Diaper Bank receives 900 lbs of Huggies from healthcare company Vizient →
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Damiani Holz&Ko Office Addition
Bressanone, BZ Italy - 2013
Working within Wood
The project is the result of an invited competition that called for the refurbishing of, and addition to the administrative and logistical headquarters of the wood-building company Damiani Holz&Ko located in the light industrial zone of Bressanone along the Isarco River.
The competition brief outlined the need for a structure that embodied not only the company’s activity but also the company’s philosophy; the company designs and develops building systems in wood and pursues the use of environmentally conscientious wood-building products and techniques. As a result, the addition uses multiple construction systems in wood and showcases the use of ‘raw’, industry-grade wood as a finished material in many different forms.
The building is a compact, wooden monolith resting upon a black concrete base. The façade is a vertically oriented wooden brise-soleil that is punctuated by the three large apertures of the main entrance, and the two large windows on the upper floor. The irregular, jagged outlines of the wooden slats pull together the draping second skin in an undulating rhythm that wavers between an impenetrable, solid construction to then dematerialize into a light and airy volume depending on one’s vantage point. This double reading and binary use of wood as heavy and light, robust and delicate, static and dynamic accompanied the design process in both its architectural and technical conception.
Moreover, the inherent dependency between the concrete base and the wooden building is also played-out in the technical and tactile symbiosis of concrete and wood. For example, the inherent repercussions of conceiving wood as a prefabricated product is mirrored in the design approach to the prefabricated, sandwich concrete paneled walls of the underground functions of the garage and service spaces. Similarly, the form-work used for the cast concrete of the base encode in the surface of the concrete the grain and type of the wooden formwork: OSB, wooden studs of varying dimensions, and sanded 3-ply panels.
The office addition is a five-storey building with two entrances split between the upper entry for visitors from the street side and the lower entry located in proximity to the production facilities and stockpile yard of the company. The underground level houses a parking structure for 40 cars and a series of service and mechanical spaces while the ground level houses the commercial (purchasing and sales) department.
The entrance from the street gives onto a small reception area from which visitors access the design and engineering offices of the company that connects to the existing building with a glass pavilion housing the informal meeting point for the employees. Administrative offices are found on the first floor followed by the open seminar and event-space of the top floor.
The wooden structure is comprised of two load-bearing wall systems: a perimeter, light-frame construction and two cross-laminated timber structural cores (the central service spaces core and the stair and elevator core) that rise from the concrete base at the lower ground level 3 floors to the wooden roof. The various floor constructions are characterized by one or more structural solutions, showcasing not only the versatility of wood engineering, but also the very malleability of wood itself. All elements used in the flooring systems are strictly structural.
The structural concrete floor slabs are finished with a polished concrete floor while the wood floor systems are finished with a wooden subflooring and a naturally stained solid oak flooring. Both the pre-fabricated concrete panels and the poured concrete remain exposed while the perimeter stud-walls are finished with the 3-ply sanded formwork panels painted white. All the furniture was custom designed and built with the exception of the chairs with a careful chromatic study of the various surfaces.
Among various energy design strategies, the project uses a biomass heating and cooling system whereby energy production exceeds energy consumption and a mechanical ventilation system with a high coefficient of “recycled” heat.
The project obtained the highest category of energy efficiency awarded by the local green building council with the CasaClima Gold title along with the stringent certification of Casaclima Nature for the use of ecological materials and renewable energy sources. The building has also been awarded the CasaClima Work&Life certification for sustainable workplaces.
CasaClima Nature Gold Certificate
CasaClima Work&Life Certificate
House H Bressanone, BZ Italy - 2008
Cogeneration Heating Plant and Skatepark Bressanone, BZ Italy - 2007
Ponte di Ghiaccio / Edelrauthütte Selva dei Molini / Lappago, BZ Italy - 2017
Kostner House and Studio Castelrotto, BZ Italy - 2013
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Café Indiependent is an inclusive venue, and we welcome Deaf and disabled people to the venue.
We have step free access into the venue from the street. The venue is set over 3 levels, and the whole space is accessible via a stair lift. There is also an accessible toilet located on the top floor. If you are happy to use stairs, you come in to the middle level of the venue, and there are 9 steps up to the top (where the toilets are located) and 12 steps to the basement, which is where the stage is located.
Bookable Access Facilities + How to Apply (if applicable)
Personal Assistant tickets
PA tickets are available for people who may not be able to attend our venue without the support of a PA. if you require a PA ticket, please get in touch to arrange this
Accessible viewing area
If you require a chair for any of our shows, please let us know, and we will make sure there is one available for you
Travel Guide and Arrival Guide
Accessible car parking
We do not have a car park on site, but there is a car park located on Mary Street. This is 50 metres away from the venue. This car park has 4 accessible spaces, The car park is free to use from 6pm
Taxis are able to drop customers off right outside the venue.
We are a short distance away from Scunthorpe station, and the nearest bus stop is 70 metres away.
The venue is open all day, but the gig room will usually be open from around 7:30pm. If you require early entry to the space, please let us know, and we can arrange this for you. We can also help you find a suitable space to position yourself for the show
We have one accessible toilet within the venue. This is located on the top floor of the venue, which is accessible via stairlift.
Customers with Medical Requirements
We welcome customers who may need to bring food, drink, medicine or medical equipment to manage a medical equipment
Assistance Dogs
We welcome assistance dogs to the venue
We may use strobe lighting at the venue, please get in contact if you have any concerns about this.
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You can download large print PDF versions of our menus below:
Download large print Food Menu
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David@cafeindiependent.org.uk
Tom@cafeIndiependent.org.uk
North Lincs
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Tues to Thurs 9am - 8pm
Friday 9am - late Saturday 10am - late
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Rupert Giles (Anthony Stewart Head)
The Non-Toxic Masculinity of Rupert Giles
Thread starter Athena
I'm not what you think I am
Buffy the Vampire Slayer has garnered a great deal of attention over the years for being an enduring piece of feminist (or at least girl-power) media. Innumerable theses and think pieces have poured from academia and pop culture alike on the subjects of queerness, tough feminine power, the sacrifice of women of color in the Slayer universe, etc.
But for me, there is at least one good source of male strength. In fact, the first time I ever spotted a good father in a genre series, it was Rupert Giles. And there are a few wonderful lessons to be found in the character of the Watcher and de facto patriarch of the Scooby family.
Giles the father
Giles is introduced in the series pilot as a stuffy English librarian and Watcher, a mystical trainer and guide to the Slayer. He and Buffy do not immediately join together as a family unit. He is aloof with her, she is avoidant with him. It’s more of a sudden stepfather arrangement than anything else.
Slowly, we see their relationship evolve. He learns to tolerate her unorthodox practices: having friends, dating a vampire, refusing to study her mystical heritage. Despite her slacking, she learns from him, comes to regard him with respect, and accepts his burgeoning protective attitude toward her.
Giles tested
The father-daughter bond is tested multiple times. Buffy learns that Giles was a teenage hellraiser and even has to fight the literal demons of his past for him, coming to that pivotal realization we all have the day we realize that our parents are imperfect people with histories of their own. He drugs her to rob her of her power at the behest of their governing body, to test her resilience and resourcefulness. They weather these trials and grow stronger.
They also build their bond through positive interactions. Giles is among the first to know that Buffy has had her inaugural sexual experience. She’s sheepish and regretful about this news, as it has unfortunate consequences to her duties. Giles accepts this fact with nurturing equanimity and comforts her. He assumes no posture of ownership over her body or her sexuality, as father figures often do in popular media.
There are no “shotgun” jokes and Giles never presumes to question Angel (or any partner of Buffy’s) about his intentions. Giles defends her against magical enemies as well as hostile figures of authority, threatening the school principal on her behalf and putting a sword through the Mayor’s chest when the latter makes a declaration that he will eat her.
In each of these instances, Giles does not act because his masculinity is threatened. He has little to no interest in power of his own. He cedes power always to Buffy. In questions of strategy, he defers to Buffy almost every time, with an increase in frequency as she nears adulthood and learns to lead on her own. When his parent organization, the Watcher’s Council, puts them both on trial, he allows Buffy to advocate for their interests without interruption.
Even when he ostensibly abandons her in the penultimate season — and after the death of her mother — it is with love that he leaves her on her own. He teaches her the final lessons of what it means to be an adult the only way a person can really learn them: by working without a net.
Giles’ personal powers, in combat and in life, are quietly developed alongside these nurturing narratives. When he is pushed to his limits, we see him take up arms (a flaming baseball bat and a crossbow) against Angel, resist torture, wage magical warfare against the series’ most superpowered witch, and finally kill an injured man (Ben, other half of big bad Glory) in cold blood. This last is the ultimate gesture of his fatherhood. He accepts a morally grey and very difficult task — not because Buffy can’t do it herself, but so that committing the act doesn’t affect who she is. Buffy is a hero. Giles is a father. He does what he must, for her.
Giles and sex
Despite all this power and the intense intimacy between them, there is never a whisper of incest between Buffy and Giles. It would be simple in the extreme to paint them as Humbert and Lolita, or as Svengali and helpless young pupil. Taboo and tasteless, perhaps, but hardly untrod ground for father-daughter shaped relationships on television. Magic is invoked multiple times within the series to pair the unlikely, forcing on-screen awkwardness between enemies, friends, and near-strangers. Not once does it happen between Buffy and the only real father in her life.
Their relationship is safe and sacrosanct in a way that almost no others are within the series… or in anyone’s real life. Giles is not just one of the guys, constantly signaling his overall willingness to cross the line if the women (or girls) in his life should feel so inclined. Giles has healthy boundaries. He has a sex life and never mentions it to the younger members of the team. He never inquires (pruriently or otherwise) about their relationships. He never asks them, explicitly or implicitly to validate his identity, sexually or otherwise. He deals gently with their burgeoning sexualities while also making it perfectly clear they are neither his business nor his interest.
Giles the ideal
In the context of creator Joss Whedon, the characterization of Rupert Giles is of particular note. Whedon has said on several occasions that horndog dirtbag teenager Xander Harris is the analog in the series for his former self. I tend to believe this is true, as Xander consistently tries to punch above his weight class, dating or trying to date the most popular girl in his school, various Slayers, an ex-demon, and the most powerful witch of all time while being absolutely mediocre in every way. Xander fails at consent multiple times throughout the series and generally performs to the lowest bar set for the decency of a male character in a woman’s story. Given the late revelations about Joss’ character, however, I wonder if the worse half of his nature wasn’t communicated in Spike, the misanthropic attempted rapist who gets redeemed in the end by the selfless love of a forgiving woman.
I think Joss wishes he was Giles. I think a lot of men want to grow up to be Giles. Giles, the grownup who can still kick some ass when it’s right for him to do so. Giles, the man who is secure in himself and has good boundaries with the women in his life. Giles, the man of his word who never fails to stand up for what is right. Giles, the best father there ever was in genre TV.
Credit: http://www.syfy.com/syfywire/the-non-toxic-masculinity-of-rupert-giles
thrasherpix
Why are articles like these consistently filled with extreme hyperbole, whether it's to cast someone in a good or bad light?
You rocks think you're so smart.
I was with them until the mention of his departure in S6 - I find no part of that done 'with love'. If it had been a normal season, sure, but after being ripped from heaven and clearly suffering from a severe depression? Yeah, sure, 'with love'.
Other than that, great article, making points that are telling of why I love S1-S5 Giles so much.
Reactions: LilyAnne, Taake and sosa lola
sosa lola
Why must they hate on Xander in an article about Giles? My poor baby. *hugs*
Also, Giles is a 40 something year old man who had lived and matured, comparing him with 16 year old Xander is unfair. Maybe we should compare Giles in his twenties with Xander in his twenties. Giles at his most immature with Xander at his most mature.
I'm suddenly wondering how they'd get along as fellow teens! I kinda think Giles would bully Xander, especially when he didn't go along with the magic play, but Xander wasn't afraid (at least not controlled by his fear) of a little demon.
Reactions: FlowerPower, LilyAnne, thrasherpix and 4 others
Scooby Corps
Fly! Be free, little bird, you defy category!
He has little to no interest in power of his own. He cedes power always to Buffy.
*Snort* Well yeah... as long as he agrees with you he's a teddy bear. Giles, you old feminist role model you. A "funny" (understatement) article which belongs in the category "explaining the world how it suits me" and another round of "let's disingenuously hate on Xander and hold him to impossible standards".
Reactions: FlowerPower, sosa lola and WillowFromBuffy
WillowFromBuffy
This is ridicolous. Giles is as much a hindrance as a help in Buffy's development. Btw, Giles is indeed an ephebophile, as he wants to marry Anya, even though "Randy" calls him out on it.
Also, the things said about Xander are disgustingly elitist.
Not happy with this. Grumble, grumble.
Athena said:
that horndog dirtbag teenager Xander Harris
Haha, gees writer, what do you really feel about Xander?
In questions of strategy, he defers to Buffy almost every time, with an increase in frequency as she nears adulthood and learns to lead on her own.
Are we just going to ignore "Lies my parents told me" then? Okie-dokie.
Look, I love Giles. I think Giles is a great character. I love his relationship with Buffy. All that jazz. But, this article is very fluffy. There is no reason to gloss over the bad sides of Giles so obviously, he's still a great character.
I agree that Giles is excellent when he finds out about Buffy and Angel having had sex, that's a lovely moment between them. I think that a key issue here though is that Giles isn't the overbearing dad figure when it comes to Buffy's boyfriends because… he's not her dad. She has never been his little girl, he has never been the focal point of her love and adoration, there is no reason why it would be awkward for him to see her date. They're close, yes. But in season 2 they'd known each other for like a year and a half. Even if they have a father-daughter like relationship, they're not father and daughter.
Reactions: RachM, Mrs Gordo, LilyAnne and 5 others
Taake said:
he's not her dad.
This. I think a lot of people like to think in their mind's that their relationship is that of father and daughter. It's not even close to father and daughter.
... and Prophecy Girl and The Dark Age and Passion and I Only Have Eyes for You and Helpless and The Freshman and The Gift and so on and so forth.
Reactions: LilyAnne and Scooby Corps
MarieVampSlayer
Bloody hell, Sodding, blimey, shagging, knickers..
Québec, Canada
I was with them until they went full Xander and Spike bashing. What's good? As if Giles never did anything wrong and all the other men in the verse where disgusting. What about S7 Xander? What about Oz? I mean every character in the verse is flawed but there is a load of good men in there and as much as I love Giles I wouldn't say he was the best of them all!
Oh and comparing Joss to a rapist is pretty brutal! Unless I missed an episode he cheated not assaulted!
Reactions: LilyAnne, thrasherpix and GraceK
[/USER] @thrasherpix I'm suddenly wondering how they'd get along as fellow teens! I kinda think Giles would bully Xander, especially when he didn't go along with the magic play, but Xander wasn't afraid (at least not controlled by his fear) of a little demon.
I have read a few fics centered on Teenage Giles and Xander meeting and interacting. Giles, the troublemaker, always causes trouble and Xander always cleans up after him and that's a very accurate description of both of them at that age. While Xander is very flawed, he is at core a very decent kid while Giles used to act out and play with magic irresponsibly.
Reactions: LilyAnne and thrasherpix
MarieVampSlayer said:
Oh and comparing Joss to a rapist is pretty brutal!
I don't see where they did this at all.
I do:
Given the late revelations about Joss’ character, however, I wonder if the worse half of his nature wasn’t communicated in Spike, the misanthropic attempted rapist who gets redeemed in the end by the selfless love of a forgiving woman
While it technically could mean that Joss fought that part of his nature that he expressed through Spike, it seems overly generous to me to not assume that the author was intentionally comparing Joss to a rapist. I try not to jump to conclusions myself, but in this case I believe that's exactly what she's doing (especially with some of her other over the top hyperbole).
@Spanky This :)
Reactions: LilyAnne and MarieVampSlayer
Cheese Slices
A Bidet of Evil
Yawn...thinking is hard, much better to not waste too much time actually analyzing the characters you're writing about. Go with your gut - or what you've read on tumblr or buzzfeed, whatever- and don't think about said characters being like, layered.
Seriously, Giles is overall a great father figure to Buffy, but he is still very flawed. He's let her down quite a few times, and betrayed her trust a few more, and when Buffy finally came into her own and became an adult, he didn't trust her to make the right decisions for herself and wanted to take back what little authority he'd had over her, all the while putting a great of pressure on her shoulders.
Reactions: Octavia, LilyAnne, Puppet and 1 other person
thrasherpix said:
While it technically could mean that Joss fought that part of his nature that he expressed through Spike, it seems overly generous to me to not assume that the author was intentionally comparing Joss to a rapist.
I think they were implying that Whedon's baser characteristics were reflected upon Spike. Just was some of his earlier "outcast" persona was reflected upon Willow. And his "beta" male was upon Xander.
I don't think the writer was saying that Whedon was a rapist. Merely that Spike was influenced by more of Whedon that had initially thought, as they said:
I wonder if the worse half of his nature wasn’t communicated in Spike
That's how I read it, at least.
This article is waaay too fluffy about Giles.
Look, I love Giles, Giles is great, but he's not a paragon nor is he ever depicted as such (His nick-name is Ripper). He screws up sometimes in his relationship with Buffy (as she does with him).
He can be over-protective or judgemental or condescending towards Buffy because he ain't a perfect character. Non of the BtVS characters are... but he is a good mentor to her and is important (I would say the most important) when it comes to helping her grow during those all-important high school years.
I love Giles but don't white-wash him or tear down other characters to do it. Unnecessary.
Reactions: thrasherpix, RachM, Mrs Gordo and 3 others
If I were to pick a model for my masculinity from the Buffyverse, it would be Xander. Giles would be far down the list.
Reactions: Scooby Corps and sosa lola
WillowFromBuffy said:
Agreed Xander gets a lot of unwarranted criticism...as for Giles being a father figure !!?!?!X?! my father was not what I would call a good Dad , but compared with Giles Season 6 he was a angel , First he left dawn a minor, to be looked after by a two wicca's and a vampire then he leaves both of them he finds out Buffy had been dragged out of heaven and was not mentally coping , leaving her to cope with not only the slaying coping with a teenage sister but also the two wiccas have been living it up on her mother's insurance money.....Won't talk about S7 Giles must of had a brain transplant he came back a different person
If I'm looking for male role models on a feminist show, it's going to be P&R.
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Saudi Aramco Is Changing Its Business Strategy In China
admin2 / 14 March 2019
Saudi Aramco is trying to find new buyers for its crude oil in China because of increasing competition from Russian and US producers. In this effort the Saudi state owned oil major is also strategizing towards a process of partnering with independent refiners and newcomers into the industry.
According to reports quoting industry sources, Saudi Aramco has for years dealt exclusively with major state-owned Chinese energy companies but now it is clearly changing its strategy in China.
However the returns of the change may not be the same as earlier. According to analysis, most of the new business partners of Aramco clearly do not have the same scale and marketing ability as the Chinese state-run companies which dominate China’s refining, petrochemical and retail fuel sector such as PetroChina and Sinopec Corp.
According to reports, it has been tears that Aramco has been prodding PetroChina to develop a refining plant in Yunnan province in the southwest of China. However the disagreement between the two companies over economics and marketing rights resulted in the plans being shelved. .
Hence, as a changed strategy Saudi Aramco has not decided to approach and partner with new and independent companies in the refining and petrochemical segment in China.
An agreement for the development of a $10 billion refining and petrochemicals complex in the city of Panjin, in the northeast province of Liaoning, was reached between Aramco and Chinese defence conglomerate Norinco in the form of a joint venture in February.
In order to increase its activities in Zhejiang province in the east of China, Aramco also signed memorandums of understanding. Taking up a 9 per cent stake in a 800,000 barrel per day (bpd) refinery and petrochemicals complex in the city of Zhoushan, south of Shanghai, belonging to Zhejiang Petrochemical is one such step.
This shift in strategy of Aramco clearly reflects its strategy to partner with new buyers, which include smaller, independently run refiners that are known as “teapots”.
“The private players are more open and entrepreneurial. They also need the oil and the experience,” said one source familiar with the recent deals in China and quoted in a recent media report. .
This changed strategy is already yielding results for Aramco as in the first quarter of the current year, it is west to increase its oil exports to China to 1.5 million bpd which is almost the same as that from Russia which has been the top oil exporter to China since the last three years.
According to reports, despite signing a memorandum of understanding between PetroChina and Aramco in 2011 for supplying oil to the Yunnan plant, nothing has matured on the project so far and talks between the two companies were stalled in mid-2018.
“Yunnan went on for five years and it is dead now,” said one the reports quoting one of the industry sources.
“Independents have a smaller footprint across the value chain and less experience in trading,” said Michal Meidan of Energy Aspects. “The challenge of partnering with independents is precisely the limits of access to the retail market.”
(Adapted from MoneyControl.com)
14 March 2019 in Companies, Consulting, Global perspectives, Non classé.
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Adcocks On Song – Dubai World Superseries Finals: Day 3 Session 2
TEXT BY DEV SUKUMAR | BADMINTONPHOTO
Chris Adcock and Gabrielle Adcock stayed in the hunt for defending their last World Superseries title, beating Lu Kai and Huang Yaqiong in a close final group match to make the semi-finals of the Dubai World Superseries today.
The England Mixed Doubles duo (featured image) saved four game points against the Chinese in the opening game, which turned the complexion of the match. They kept apace in the second and stole ahead at the very end: 24-22 21-19.
“Really close match,” said Chris Adcock. “We didn’t get our tactics right today, so we’re happy to go through, but the performance needs to improve tomorrow. Our third semi-finals in a row (at the World Superseries Finals), so we’re very happy, hopefully we can repeat last year’s performance.”
Denmark’s Viktor Axelsen and India’s Pusarla V Sindhu made the singles semi-finals in contrasting styles.
Axelsen kept his nerve in a tense final group Men’s Singles match against Lee Chong Wei, earning his first victory in ten encounters over the World No.1 and sending the Malaysian out of the season-ending event. Pusarla had it easier against Spain’s Carolina Marin, with the Olympic champion appearing out of sorts as she collapsed to her third straight defeat of the tournament.
The much-awaited contest between the Olympic Women’s Singles finalists went the Indian’s way 21-17 21-13; the result saw her finish second in Women’s Singles Group B, behind China’s Sun Yu.
Pusarla needed a win to progress into the last four, since the other contender for that place, Japan’s Akane Yamaguchi, had a better game difference despite losing to Sun Yu today.
“I didn’t check the equation because it’s complicated,” Pusarla said. “I just went for the win. I wasn’t thinking of the Olympic final either.”
Marin showed only glimpses of her best form. Pusarla, on the other hand, kept up her attack from the beginning, until Marin self-destructed in the end with a slew of errors.
“I have to get treatment for my lower back,” said Marin. “I visited the doctor last week and he recommended some tests. I’m not really disappointed at not winning a Superseries this year because I won the biggest tournament of all, the Olympics.”
Yamaguchi had a good start against Sun Yu, but faded after winning the opening game. The third game was untypical of the combative Japanese, who slumped to 0-10 and 7-19 before Sun Yu finished the match 15-21 21-10 21-10.
Axelsen Breaks Jinx
Axelsen’s Group B match against Lee Chong Wei was a spectacle of fast-paced badminton from both ends. Lee, playing his first event since a hamstring injury in October, was still in fine fettle, drawing astonished reactions from the sizeable crowd with his quickness and spectacular defensive skills. Axelsen dominated in fits and starts, but when he let go of a lead in the third game with some erratic play, the match seemed to be slipping from his hands. A couple of wayward smashes hinted at his nervousness, but to his credit, he quickly shook that off and tightened his game once again, challenging his opponent to come up with the goods.
The Dane won a crucial point for 19-18 when Lee fired just wide after a fierce exchange. Lee then pounced at a net kill, only to be faulted by the umpire as his racket touched the tape. The Malaysian saved a match point but it all ended in an anti-climax when he served into the net, giving Axelsen the match: 14-21 21-14 21-19.
“On the last point, the shuttle slipped a bit,” Lee said. “I played much better compared to my last two matches. I’m okay with the loss; I’m looking forward to preparing for next year.”
“I wasn’t at my best and I don’t think he was either, but when you’re on court, all you want to do is win,” said Axelsen. “I’ve lost many times to him so it’s a big win for me and I want to enjoy it.
“I’ve lost nine times to him, I’ve been in six Superseries (losing) finals… but you fall and you stand up again. I’m going to stand up every time I fall. It’s a privilege to play these matches so I’m going to enjoy the moment. If you are too hard on yourself when you lose you will never accomplish everything. You keep going and good things will be waiting.”
Indonesia’s Praveen Jordan/Debby Susanto topped Mixed Doubles Group A as they won their third straight match, beating Denmark’s Joachim Fischer Nielsen/Christinna Pedersen 21-17 21-16.
China’s Zheng Siwei/Chen Qingchen topped Group B after handing Japan’s Kenta Kazuno/Ayane Kurihara their third straight defeat of the event, 21-15 21-19.
Tags: AKANE YAMAGUCHI | CAROLINA MARIN | CHEN QINGCHEN | DEBBY SUSANTO | LEE CHONG WEI | PLAYER NEWS | PRAVEEN JORDAN | PUSARLA V SINDHU | SUN YU | VIKTOR AXELSEN | ZHENG SIWEI
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Exhibition | Subversive Serviceware, Rona Kobel’s ‘Dinner for Sinner’
The following is a essay titled Soup-Plate Lynching by art critic Ludwig Seyfarth with translation by Sean Gallagher.
HAMBURG, Germany––Europa riding the bull is a popular motif in classical porcelain art, of which Berlin artist Rona Kobel has devised two contemporary variations in her latest exhibition Dinner for Sinner at the Drawing Room (May 2 – June 21, 2018). The first remains true stylistically as well as in its minutiae to the classical models, whereas the second version departs radically from sedate home decoration. Europa has climbed down from the bull and is ramming a knife into her breast. With Brexit and Eurosceptic politics in many countries: is Europa at an end?
Rona Kobel, Europa, 2016, Porcelain, hand-painted, 23 x 9 x 9 cm
Rona Kobel, Europa, 2018, Porcelain, hand-painted, 23.5 x 9 x 12.5 cm
Kobel’s resolutely formulated concern is the question of the “stability and defensibility of democracy and freedom”, for which, however, she makes use of different media than those commonly expected in political art.
Dinner for Sinner installation view
The Europa is just one of numerous porcelain figures and accessories the artist has designed as “political tableware,” and then produced in Berlin’s Königliche Porzellan-Manufaktur: dinner plates and soup plates, jugs, diverse smaller accessories, and a grand centrepiece with a large tureen. The latter, however, is stranded at a precarious angle, because the three figures carrying it don’t seem to be up to their task. These are collage-like monsters, intended to represent capitalism, freedom, and the rule of law. However, a greedy, all-consuming muscle head, a coquettish, self-absorbed, and lightly-dressed lady, and a battered, empty suit of armour are clearly not in a position to maintain social stability.
Rona Kobel, Prop it, don’t drop it (Civilization bowl – Capitalism, Freedom, Justice), 2018, Porcelain, hand-painted, doublé metal, brass wire, 40 x 36 x 31 cm
The role models for these caricatures are allegories, intended to vividly embody the abstract concepts. During the Baroque and Rococo periods such allegories populated not only castle gardens, but as porcelain figures they also added to the decoration of interior rooms and dining tables. The iconography of porcelain tableware and figures served to represent and underpin a feudal system, and civil society also sought to benefit from its flair. Yet in the modern era the handed-down porcelain service became synonymous with one’s grandparents’ tastes, and as superfluous ‘bric-a-brac’ was suitable at best for the flea market.
Even the greatest masterpieces of porcelain art are generally only exhibited in arts and crafts museums, and not in fine art museums. When modern or contemporary artists such as Picasso turn to ceramics, the raw surface of the clay is often preferred to the glazed surface. One also hardly expects critical political statements in cutting-edge ceramic art. Furthermore, when artists graciously invite you to the table, as Kobel does, then that generally involves not traditional tableware, but mobile, self-constructed trappings, such as in the work of Rirkrit Tiravanija, who has served Thai food in exhibition rooms since the 1990s.
Rona Kobel also subversively infiltrates this type of “service art.” For the soup, once one has ladled it out and can gaze into the depths of the bowl, could leave a nasty taste in your mouth. The motifs which “adorn” the bottom of the soup plates are derived from media images of lynchings carried out in the last few years in Afghanistan, India, or South Africa, and of natural catastrophes (hurricanes, tsunamis, droughts, and earthquakes). A third group of motifs illustrate fantasies of political omnipotence, such as the conquest of Rome by ISIS, or Putin’s Satan II rockets as demonstrating ambitions of military world domination. The decorations on the dinner plates appear more pleasing. The flowers on their borders, however, feature an unpleasant aspect that is not directly visible. They have been given names which hold clear racist connotations.
Rona Kobel, Fat Man, 2018, Porcelain, hand-painted with gold, platinum, metal, rubber, 19 x 11 x 10.5 cm
Rona Kobel, Meet Molly, 2018, porcelain, hand-painted, metal, rubber, 10.5 x 22 x 3.5 cm
The wine bottles can be plugged using stoppers modelled after the atomic mushroom cloud over Nagasaki, or an exploding Molotov cocktail––and bearing the corresponding nicknames Fat Man (2018) and Meet Molly (2018). Thus, the corks can continue to pop on and on in one’s imagination. As well, the candle holders look as though they have fallen asleep, letting their heads droop, whereby associations with possible states of another male body part also cannot go unnoticed. Kobel’s tableware is definitely not house broken, yet unlike political themes, sexual ribaldry certainly was part of the standard repertoire of the Rococo.
Rona Kobel, Oh No, 2018, Porcelain, hand-painted, 23 x 16 x 10 cm
Love or loathe this exhibition from the world of contemporary ceramic art and contemporary ceramics? Let us know what you think in the comments section below.
Filed Under: Art, contemporary ceramic art, Contemporary Ceramics, Exhibitions Tagged With: contemporary ceramic art, contemporary ceramics, mythology, rona kobel
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From the Vault | Andrew Lord: at sunset, with snow falling, by starlight
Cfile.Daily’s vault contains over 3,000 articles, reviews, surveys, exhibition catalogs and online books. From time to time Cfile republishes some gems from the past.
This Cfile.Daily vault post was originally published in March of 2015.
There is something of an irony about the work in Andrew Lord’s new exhibition at Barbara Gladstone Gallery, Andrew Lord: at sunset, with snow falling, by starlight (New York, May 1-30, 2015).Lord has always been unique, a loner. His approach to clay gives an aura of craftlessness (but his works are actually superbly and carefully constructed). That appearance, the seeming casualness with which he moves the clay and the “sloppy” glazing has irked the ceramics community for five decades while at the same time intriguing the art world.
Above image: Installation view of Andrew Lord: at sunset, with snow falling, by starlight. Photograph by Leslie Ferrin.
Photographs by Leslie Ferrin.
I met him in London when he had his first solo show in 1973. The work (since I had been weaned up until that point on Coper, Rie, Duckworth and Cardew) was informel, a shock. It took years and a lively correspondence with the artist to get an appreciation of his vision, a courageous and solitary one at one at the time. I have been a fan of his art ever since.
Lord installation views at the Gladstone Gallery.
However, now his “look” is everywhere, Lord Pots and Lord Sculptures abound throughout New York and beyond. This will change the critical context in which he is reviewed for the next few years. For the first time Lord is now competing in a genre he pioneered and in many ways founded. The exhibition of three works, each on a table, is handsome collectively, less so from object to object, but in Lord’s aesthetic that has never been an issue. Do visit this exhibition.
Ken Johnson of the New York Times reviews his most recent show, drawing a comparison between Lord’s work and works by Paul Gauguin:
Photograph by Leslie Ferrin.
“At once bracingly ugly and sensuously beautiful, the recent ceramic sculptures by the British artist Andrew Lord look as if they’d been made by a clumsy but aesthetically sensitive giant. Displayed on three white tables are pitchers in the form of human heads with handles, variously shaped vases and constructions resembling maquettes for fountains populated by little nude female figures. Each retains the marks of its vigorous manual formation in the gouging, impressing and squeezing of the clay. They are glazed in Abstract Expressionist style with the colors brushed, poured and drizzled, creating lively marriages of sculptural form and painterly surface.
“While they seem to be products of primal, intuitive impulses, the sculptures also have a sophisticated, Postmodernist dimension: All are variations on ceramic works made by Paul Gauguin in the late 1880s and early ’90s, which have been an inspiration for Mr. Lord since the 1970s. In addition, here and there you see irregular lines of gold-leafed glue — repairs of broken parts in the Japanese tradition of wabi-sabi.
“Mr. Lord created these works in his New Mexico studio with the idea that each set would be glazed to represent different conditions of light. The 13 pieces of “by starlight, Carson mesa (Gauguin)” are mostly dark blue. The 13 in “at sunset” sport bright yellows and tomato-soup reds. In the 15-piece “with snow falling,” pale colors are washed over predominantly off-white glazes, suggesting the haze of wintry precipitation. Contemporary clay sculpture doesn’t get much better than this.”
Garth Clark is the Chief Editor of CFile
Any thoughts about this post? Share yours in the comment box below.
Installation view from the Gladstone Gallery.
Installation view of Andrew Lord. Photograph by Leslie Ferrin.
Filed Under: contemporary ceramic art, Contemporary Ceramics, Exhibitions Tagged With: andrew lord, contemporary ceramic art, contemporary ceramics, gladstone gallery
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Lee Batten, Volunteer
Lee Batten is aptly named. A batten (or batten board) is used to steady a foundation, or join various pieces together. That’s pretty much what this one-woman powerhouse does and has done for more local causes than we can possibly name here. She has battened down the fundraising coffers, events, committees, galas, races, suppers, and you-name-its for just about every organization in town."
Volunteering is first nature to this Estill, South Carolina, native. Batten may have grown up in a small town, but for her big-hearted family, giving back was simply protocol. “If my mother complained of boredom as a little girl, my grandmother would say, ‘Get in the car,’ and off they’d go to visit a shut-in or do something for someone else,” she says. “Our family creed was basically, ‘To whom much is given, much is expected.’”
After moving here in 2002, Batten looked for ways to plug into the community. When she joined the Junior League of Charleston in 2007, the veteran volunteers didn’t know what hit them. Darkness to Light, Race for the Cure, the American Heart Association, and MUSC Children’s Hospital were just some of the organizations she served. Within months, she received the League’s Laura Skatell New Member Award “in recognition of her outstanding and unselfish service.” That same year Batten was given the 2008 Silver Presidential Volunteer Service Award from George W. Bush, honoring 250 to 499 hours of volunteer service in one year. But Batten shrugs off the accolades; her rewards are the quiet smile of a weary, worried parent at the hospital who appreciates the home-cooked meal that Batten and her volunteers have helped prepare every Tuesday night, for years. Or knowing that someone’s life may have been saved by one of her current efforts: improving colon cancer awareness across South Carolina.
“When I learned that colon cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death and how few people know that, I jumped on board,” says Batten, co-chair of the 2013 Unmasking Colon Cancer Ball, which aims to raise $150,000. If you’re a gambler, odds are good they’ll make that plus some, given her Midas touch.
“Lee takes on a broad swath of the world and still manages to make meaningful contributions,” says Becca Gosnell, who worked with Batten on Darkness to Light and colon cancer galas. “Her ability to rally people stands out time and again.” For Batten, however, it simply comes down to “pitching in,” just as her family always has. “I believe all jobs are important, so I try to give them my all,” she says. “Just because it’s ‘volunteer’ doesn’t mean it deserves less than your best.”
She’s Batten 500
Consider this condensed version of Lee’s volunteer resume
• Susan G. Komen Lowcountry Race for the Cure volunteer 2007-2011, including Race Chair in 2011 (raising a record $900,000!)
• Junior League of Charleston Whale of a Sale Committee, 2008-2012; chair 2010-2011 (raising $77,500)
• American Heart Association Heart Walk and Heart Ball volunteer 2007-2010
• Darkness to Light Gala 2007-2010, including auction chair (2007) and event co-chair (2008, raising $372,800)
• Susan G. Komen Lowcountry Race for the Cure volunteer 2007 – 2011, including Race Chair in 2011 (raising a record $900,000!)
• Charleston Horticultural Society volunteer (2007, 2009, 2010)
• Rebecca Motte Chapter, NSDAR, Women’s Issues Chair and 2009 Nominating Committee for Board
• MUSC Children’s Hospital Volunteer Advisory Committee Co-Chair (2008 -2010)
• The Women’s Council for the Carolina Art Association - Educational Outreach Coordinator (2009) and Women’s Council – Board of Directors, Membership (2010-2012)
• Center for Colon Cancer Research at the University Of South Carolina
• Volunteer for the Awareness Campaign (2011)
• Volunteer for the 2011 Unmasking Colon Cancer Luncheon, Sponsor VIP Reception and Gala, and the Greenville awareness campaign
• Co-Chair, Unmasking Colon Cancer Ball (2013)
• Misc. other: Ronald McDonald House - Saturday Lunch and activity for family and children; East Cooper Habitat for Humanity; Crisis Ministries; East Cooper Baptist Church
Art / MUSC Children’s Hospital / charleston / Charleston Horticultural Society / 2013 / Co / American Heart Association / House / Heart Ball / Family / Giving Back / Darkness to Light / race / Local / Community / East Cooper / Home / Life / Junior League / Crisis Ministries / MUSC / Nature / ONE / Sale
A local banker’s holiday spirit inspires a tradition of giving to The Dee Norton Lowcountry Children’s Center
One local couple has logged 16 years as volunteer divers in the South Carolina Aquarium’s Great Ocean Tank
Gaining Ground
An area nonprofit has spent a quarter-century preserving South Carolina’s historic battle sites—and it’s far from...
Going Native
The Charleston Natural History Society transforms 40-some acres of former farmland into thriving native ecosystems
Jerry Zucker, Lifetime Achievement
Celebrating the life and legacy of the billionaire businessman and dedicated philanthropist
In Her Nature
Keeper of the Wild founder Janet Kinser tends to the orphaned and injured creatures of the Lowcountry
Charleston Proper
A local writer schools readers in grammar through her humorous book series
Painting the Town
A local couple kick-starts area creatives with an annual grant
The Coast Guard Auxiliary’s Ron Foreman keeps the water safe for boaters
Bow Wow!
Cooper the Labradoodle serves as our local Ronald McDonald House's "director of smiles"
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Press Releases, News
Conservation X Labs Awards Inaugural Con X Tech Prize Honors
WASHINGTON, DC — Conservation X Labs announced the winners of the inaugural Con X Tech Prize, a global conservation technology prototyping competition, and awarded $30,000 in prizes to three revolutionary solutions at the Conservation Innovation and Technology Happy Hour in Washington, DC last week.
Dr. Nancy Knowlton, Sant Chair for Marine Science at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History & Con X Tech Prize Judge, announces the Grand Prize Winner.
The Real Deep Conservation VR project, a deep-sea camera trap intended for filming in 360° for use in virtual reality, won the Grand Prize and will receive $20,000 to iterate on their prototype and move towards achieving conservation impact. Additional $5,000 awards were made to Find Green, a mobile app connecting green-minded consumers with green businesses, and cargoscreen, a tool detecting illegal and unwanted shipments faster and more reliably using data-driven risk scores.
“We were amazed by the progress of all of the 20 Finalist teams during the prototyping period of this competition,” said Alex Dehgan, CEO and Co-Founder of Conservation X Labs. “The top three projects were truly able to maximize the $3500 Finalist grant to make incredible progress on their prototypes. The finalists each demonstrated how they have created financially sustainable and impactful projects that Conservation X Labs is proud to support into the future.”
The Grand Prize announcement was the culmination of a nine-month plus competition. In March 2018, Conservation X Labs released an open call for bold technology-enabled ideas to a conservation challenge looking to produce a first prototype. In August 2018, twenty project ideas were selected as Finalists and received $3,500 to prototype, demo, and take their idea forward over the twelve-week Stage 2 period. At the end of Stage 2, each Finalist project submitted a short video and grant report to demonstrate prototyping success and the feasibility and potential of their solutions.
All 20 Finalist projects are hosted on Conservation X Labs’ Digital Makerspace, an online community of solvers and technologists and will continue to benefit from technical, business, and marketing support on the Digital Makerspace. The community is open to the public to join, participate on a project team, and offer support or expertise.
“The Con X Tech Prize is a unique competition in the field of conservation seeding very early stage ideas and encouraging novel and innovative approaches to conservation problems,” said Cassie Ann Hoffman, Field Director and Manager of the Con X Tech Prize at Conservation X Labs. “It encourages collaboration, rapid-prototyping, and thinking about the financial sustainability and scalability of your idea from its initial conception.”
The ACKBAR is deployed off the coast of San Diego.
During Stage 2 of the Con X Tech Prize, Grand Prize Winner Real Deep Conservation VR deployed the Autonomous Camera for Kraken Baiting And Recording (ACKBAR) into the deep-sea twice off the coast of San Diego near La Jolla Canyon at 621 meters (over 2000 feet) depth and 585 meters. The ACKBAR is a deep-sea camera trap that can be readily deployed from most vessels, allowing deep-sea exploration at scale. The deep-sea is facing significant conservation challenges from bottom trawling large nets on the seafloor, oil spills destroying fragile deep-sea corals, and emerging threats like mining of hydrothermal vent communities. Most deep-sea exploration occurs for extracting resources, but the deep-sea camera trap will provide an inexpensive and easy to deploy tool for conservationists to rapidly explore deep-sea habitats in order to better understand and protect them.
“The deep is alive, mostly unexplored, and worthy of protection,” said Matt Mulrennan, leader of the Real Deep Conservation VR project and CEO of KOLOSSAL. “This prize was amazingly important to develop an easy-to-use camera platform that could disrupt the outrageous costs of deep-sea research, and now we want to use it to find real, living sea monsters and help protect them. Deep-sea technologies are finally matching up to our level of curiosity, and it’s the most exciting time in history for ocean exploration.”
Find Green, a consumer oriented mobile technology solution, was the recipient of the Lemur’s Choice Award, an honor bestowed by the selection of the Finalist projects in the Con X Tech Prize competition for greatest impact. Find Green aims to shift businesses toward sustainability by empowering customers to demonstrate market demand for sustainable practices (e.g. recycling, energy efficiency) through a mobile app that allows customers to both find and rate the environmental practices of businesses.
“We are thrilled with how this project has advanced,” said Leah Karrer from Find Green. “The steady stream of positive feedback we have received from virtually anyone we have encountered and presented the idea to is incredible. We are confident that Find Green is an idea whose time has come.”
The Erasing Extinction Award, named for the recipient's ability to best address human-induced extinction, was presented to the cargoscreen project. cargoscreen is a data-driven digital detection tool to help screen containerized cargo for illegal or unwanted wildlife parts, products or derivatives such as shark fin, ivory, pangolins or other wild flora and fauna. The tool will enhance enforcement of current policies, laws, and international treaties and contribute to ending the illegal trafficking of wild specimens which is estimated at around USD 20 billion annually.
“We’re humbled and excited at the same time to have won the Erasing Extinction prize! Winning this prize for us means we can further invest on the development side – improving our code base, testing, fixing bugs and enhancing the front end application of our prototype for demo purposes,” said Sivan Goldberg, cargoscreen’s team lead.
Please direct all inquiries about the Con X Tech Prize and Conservation X Labs to info@conservationxlabs.org.
The next round of the Con X Tech Prize launches in January 2019. To hear about the launch of applications when they happen, sign up to be notified below.
Tagged: Con X Tech Prize, Open Innovation, Digital Makerspace
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Gohmert, Blackburn slam Democratic Sit-In on Gun Control – Video
Republican Congresswoman Marsha Blackburn (R-TN) photo
House Democratic lawmakers took to the U.S. House floor in a protest to push gun control on law abiding Americans after the Orlando Islamist terrorist attack that killed 49 citizens and injuring scores of others, while ignoring the real threat of radical Islamists.
While the Democrats were staging their sit-in, Rep. Brad Sherman (D-CA) was speaking and trying to convince Republicans to infringe on law-abiding citizens 2nd Amendment rights. But Rep. [score]Louie Gohmert[/score] (R-TX) had enough and confronted the Democrats and Sherman.
Gohmert rushed to the well of the chamber and challenged the taunts from Democrats that the Republicans are both cowards and responsible for the spree-shooting massacre in Orlando.
“Radical Islam killed those poor innocent victims! Radical Islam killed those poor innocent victims,” said Gohmert, pointing to a placard with the faces of the 49 victims killed June 12 by Omar Mateen at Orlando’s Pulse, a gay nightclub.
Some of the victims were shot by police officers, but the details have not been released.
At the time, Sherman was speaking and he called out one of the Republican congressmen still on the House floor after the chamber had been gaveled into recess, “Why is the gentleman afraid to hear me speak?”
Sherman made several taunts suggesting that the Republicans were cowards afraid of taking a vote on gun control in the minutes before Gohmert charged into the camera shot of Rep. Scott Peters (D.-Calif.), where a Periscope live-stream feed was being picked up by C-SPAN.
As Gohmert confronted the Democrats in the chamber’s well, other Democrats swarmed to the scene as did a group of Republicans in a scene that could only be described as a clearing of the dugouts. Rep. Steve King (R.-Iowa) was there and someone was calling out: “Billy, Billy, Separate them, Billy.” Most likely, “Billy” was Rep. Bill Flores (R.-Texas), the chairman of the Republican Study Committee, which for many years was considered the conservative bloc in the House.
House Democrats swarmed the House floor Wednesday shortly before 11:30 a.m., and except for three minutes at 12 noon and for the 20 minutes, a 15-minute and five-minute votes after 10 p.m., they did not give it back. Despite the Democrats’ rowdy behavior and over-the-top rhetoric, Speaker Paul D. Ryan (R.-Wis.) left the lights on, allowed Democrats to come and go, on and off the House floor and made no effort to keep food and drink off the House floor or to clear the House Press and Visitors Galleries.
Republican Congresswoman [score]Marsha Blackburn[/score] (R.-Tenn.) posted a photo on Facebook shortly after midnight of a crowd of protesters outside the Capitol.
Blackburn further said, “I took this picture as I stood on the House steps at the Capitol after our 10:30pm vote. These protestors, I’m sure many are paid, are shouting “shame on you” and other derogatory chants. I wanted to pass along to you some facts on this issue… This is all about votes on gun control bills that failed to pass in the Senate last week”
Blackburn pointed out stated facts:
This is nothing more than a publicity stunt. This bill was already defeated in the United States Senate. We’re not going to take away a citizen’s due process rights. We’re not going to take away a citizen’s constitutional rights without due process.That was already defeated in the Senate, and this is not the way to try and bring up legislation.
“The truth about no-fly, no-buy: 98% of watch-listed persons are already prohibited from acquiring firearms in the U.S. because they are not U.S. citizens or legal residents and about the gun control measures Democrats wanted taken up in the House: they had already been defeated in the Senate and in House subcommittees on bipartisan votes,” said Blackburn.
“Instead of working with Republicans to fix the flaws that exist in the terrorist watch list and to bring our mental health bill to the floor, they are raising money off the backs of 49 Americans murdered by an Islamic Extremist.”
Crybaby Caucus ends #DemocratSitIn, vows to continue fight to strip due process, gun rights
‘Dems no longer represent free society’s ideals,’ says gun rights leader
Dem. Charlie Rangel: No guns for Americans, but I need, deserve protection
CAIR charged with fraud, cover up
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Progressive Marriott Union Contract Could Have Ripple Effects
Katie Johnston on Friday, December 7 2018 - 11:24am
A series of settlements hammered out over the past few weeks between Marriott and its striking workers in Boston and seven other cities are ushering in groundbreaking benefits that could set a precedent not just for the service industry but for workers nationwide.
The Boston agreement, reached after workers spent more than six weeks on the picket lines, marching and chanting in the wind and rain and snow, includes a roughly 20 percent increase in wages over 4½ years, a 37 percent increase in pension contributions, and six weeks of paid maternity leave, plus two weeks for spouses.
Read more about Progressive Marriott Union Contract Could Have Ripple Effects
Retired AFM Member Takes Advantage of Union Plus Rebate
Union Plus Team on Tuesday, December 4 2018 - 7:23pm
When Gary Williams began shopping for new cell phones as holiday gifts for himself and his wife Dena last year, he quickly realized it was time to switch carriers. Williams is a retired member of American Federation of Musicians (AFM) Local 674 and a Union Plus Credit Cardholder, which gives him access to AT&T® discounts and benefits. When he learned about the AT&T smartphone rebate available to him, choosing AT&T was a no-brainer.
Read more about Retired AFM Member Takes Advantage of Union Plus Rebate
Has the Republican Party’s grand experiment in union-busting finally come to an end? Scott Walker, the Republican governor of Wisconsin, rose to national prominence in 2011 when he passed a landmark bill dealing a blow to unions in the state and across the country. With Act 10, Walker stripped public workers of their right to collectively bargain, gutting their salaries, health care, and pensions.
Read more about The Backlash to the GOP’s Union-Bashing Has Begun in Earnest
AFL-CIO President: How Working People Defined the Midterm Election
Richard Trumka on Wednesday, November 28 2018 - 11:04am
There was plenty of punditry plastered across cable news last week. But, as the dust settles, there is one story that has come to define this election: working people standing together to make a difference. The labor movement unleashed an unprecedented political program this year. Across the country, union members made the difference, fighting for our issues, for union candidates and for our proven allies.
Read more about AFL-CIO President: How Working People Defined the Midterm Election
AFL-CIO President 'Applauds' Trump on Trade, But Gives His Record a Thumbs Down
Ethan Wolff-Mann on Tuesday, November 27 2018 - 2:04pm
Richard Trumka, president of the U.S.’s largest labor group, AFL-CIO, appreciates President Donald Trump’s stance on trade. However, as it stands now, the president does not have a record that helps workers, according to Trumka.
Read more about AFL-CIO President 'Applauds' Trump on Trade, But Gives His Record a Thumbs Down
Students Get Hands-On Experience In Building Trades During National Apprentice Week
Milwaukee Independent on Tuesday, November 27 2018 - 1:26pm
Sponsored by the Milwaukee Building & Construction Trades Council and the AFL-CIO, National Apprenticeship Week celebrates leaders in business, labor, and education and allows them to demonstrate their support for apprenticeship programs.
“We are committed to making our students and community aware of the multiple career options available and hands-on events are an excellent way for this meaningful career exploration to take place,” said Gary Kiltz, Superintendent of Greendale Schools.
Read more about Students Get Hands-On Experience In Building Trades During National Apprentice Week
With Its Primary Opponents Voted Out, What's Next For Labor Unions?
NPR on Wednesday, November 14 2018 - 10:38am
NPR's Michel Martin speaks with the president of the AFL-CIO, Richard Trumka, about union strategies following the midterm elections.
Read more about With Its Primary Opponents Voted Out, What's Next For Labor Unions?
How Working People Defined the Midterm Election
Richard Trumka on Tuesday, November 13 2018 - 10:26am
Read more about How Working People Defined the Midterm Election
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← Stephen Colbert, the Dopplest 9000, and skeptic logic
Global Warming Maps/Graphs →
Greenhouse effect revisited…
Every once in a while it is worth reviewing the basic physics behind the greenhouse effect and global warming. Sometimes all the debate about global warming in the media loses focus of the fact that the world really is governed by the laws of physics. Unfortunately, many internet explanations get dumbed down to the point of having an atmosphere that serves as a single “slab” between the ground and space, and has a bunch of colorful arrows coming out of it and bouncing off it, etc. This is a useless explanation, and gives no justice to understanding what is happening. Two encounters in the outside world recently prompted me to do another post just to have a reference handy, and I’m using this to replace an older post which I entitled “just a few more molecules.” There’s also been an interesting episode with Dr. Andy Lacis from NASA GISS over at Dot Earth which I’d like to elaborate on.
We begin with the Planck function, which describes the radiation emitted from a blackbody at a specified wavelength and temperature:
This has physical dimensions of intensity (power per unit area per unit solid angle) per unit wavelength, often in W m-2 µm-1 steradian-1 (a steradian is essentially the 3-D analog of what angles are in two-space; there are 4π steradians in a sphere). h, c and k are constants, λ is the wavelength, and T is the temperature. An important note is that dB/dT > 0 for all wavelengths, which suggests that increasing the temperature increases the intensity at all wavelengths.
For review, the electromagnetic spectrum is presented below
For our purposes, we’re mostly interested in the fact that the Earth receives energy in the shorter wavelength portions of the spectrum, while it loses its energy in the infrared portions of the spectrum. This distinction between incoming and outgoing energy is made easy for planets such as Earth, where there is essentially no overlap and the two can be treated independently. This would not be the case on very hot planets that could radiate at some several thousand degrees K.
It can be difficult to interpret the Planck law simply by looking at the formula, so it is worth plotting the Planck function to visualize.
http://physics.schooltool.nl/irspectroscopy/images/planck_black-body_radiation.png
As we’ve established, the first thing to note is that the total area under the curve increases as temperature increases, corresponding to increased emission at each wavelength and in total as the object becomes hotter. We can also see that the peak wavelength shifts to shorter values as temperature increases. The wavelength of maximum emission can be obtained by setting and solving for the wavelength, which gives Wien’s law (~ 2897 µm K / T). The Planck law thus helps us understand why the Earth emits primarily in the longwave, infrared portion of the spectrum, while the sun emits primarily in shorter wavelengths, much of which is in the visible and near-infrared portion of the spectrum.
We can integrate the Planck function over all wavelengths to get the total power output per unit area, which gives us the Stefan-Boltzmann law. We also include a factor of to account for the solid angle integration over a hemisphere.
where is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, approx. 5.670 x 10-8 W m-2K-4.
We’re now in a position to formulate the most basic radiative balance equation for planets. We can assume the no-atmosphere Earth radiates like a blackbody, although non-perfect radiators emit like where represents the ratio of how well the emitter is to a perfect blackbody. At equilibrium, this radiative balance is:
where is the ratio of the surface area of the planet to the cross-section (which is very close to 4 for planets), (1- ) is the fraction of absorbed solar radiation (since is the albedo=reflectivity) that comes from the solar constant S0, and R is the distance to the star in astronomical units. It automatically takes on a value of one for the Earth-sun mean distance and S0 takes on a value of 1370 W m-2. This radiative balance equation states that, at equilibrium, the Earth wants to lose as much infrared radiation to space as it absorbs by the sun. This basic calculation assumes no atmosphere and a uniform planetary temperature. This uniform temperature assumption is nearly valid for planets such as Earth or Venus, but is way off the mark for those which exhibit extremely strong diurnal gradients like Mercury or the moon.
Present Earth albedo is 0.3, so the calculated equilibrium temperature for our planet would be 255 K. This is well below the freezing point of 273.15 K. This planet would be frozen down to the tropics! Since the sun is the only important incoming source of energy to Earth, internal heating plays a negligible role in the planetary energy balance (although is important for gaseous planets like Jupiter), then we can say that the difference between the observed 288 K and 255 calculated temperature is due to the fact that the atmosphere acts to inhibit the efficiency by which outgoing infrared radiation escapes to space. In radiative terms, this is:
This post is not meant to discuss why greenhouse gases are greenhouse gases. But it should be noted that the bulk of the atmosphere, including N2, O2, and Argon are not infrared active molecules. It is actually very common, although perhaps not well known, for diatomic molecules to become good greenhouse gases in pressure-induced planetary situations (this is important on Jupiter for instance, and on the dense atmosphere of Titan), but aside from their role in broadening the lines of the other greenhouse gas molecules, they play essentially no role in Earth’s radiation balance. The absorbing gases discussed in this post include water vapor, clouds (which aren’t gases, but still contribute to the greenhouse effect), CO2, methane, N2O, ozone, and a variety of other lesser important constituents.
The rest of this post is basically a description of the manner in which absorption by these molecules affect the planetary energy budget. Before that happens, a quick review of the temperature structure of the atmosphere. It can be shown quite easily that the temperature of the atmosphere drops with height. For air devoid of water vapor, this rate is . For a moist atmosphere, this rate is reduced to about -6.5 K km-1 due to latent heat release of condensation, which results in the temperature still decreasing, but less rapidly than that rate given by the dry adiabat. The real atmosphere at a given time is generally somewhere between a dry and moist adiabat.
We now have the tools to look at some model emission outputs. As I’ve done before, I’ll use the MODTRAN model available from Prof. David Archer’s web page.
The settings I will use in all experiments is to keep the sensor at 70 km looking down, U.S. 1972 Standard Atmosphere, and for the sake of instruction, no clouds, water vapor, or rain. Let’s begin by constructing a plot in which CO2, CH4, and ozone are all set to zero. We obtain:
What the plot shows is a set of colored line which correspond to blackbody curves at specified temperatures. Note that we’re now looking at wavenumber on the x-axis, which is the inverse of wavelength, so the peak on the graph now shifts to the right for increasing temperature. 10,000 divided by microns will give you wavenumber in inverse centimeters, which are common units used in this case.
The red squiggly line corresponds to the Earth curve with the specified settings. The model is fixed at 288.20 K unless changed in the input settings, so the red curve is somewhere between the 280 and 300 K blackbody curves, though not emitting perfectly like a blackbody. We see that Iout is 346.97 W m-2. Now let’s add just 2 parts per million of CO2 into the atmosphere.
It is useful in atmospheric radiation to describe an optical thickness (or optical depth), along a vertical path,
where k is an absorption coefficient, and is the density of absorber. The transmittance through an absorbing medium goes like .
The noticeable difference in the second figure is that there is now a “bite” taken out of the Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) curve. Viewed from space, an observer wearing infrared goggles would now see emission emanating from colder layers of the atmosphere. In parts of the spectrum where the atmosphere is optically thick, the radiation to space occurs at the temperature of the high, cold parts of the atmosphere. On the other hand, the transmitted ground emission will dominate the OLR when the atmosphere is fairly transparent.
In the 2 ppm case, the OLR is now 338.8 W m-2. Since the area under the curve has been reduced due to the blip caused by CO2, we are now interested in re-establishing the outgoing flux to be 346.97 W m-2. We can do this by raising the temperature in the model by 1.9 C. Simply through fundamental physics, it can be shown that the temperature must increase as greenhouse gases are added to the atmosphere. Now let’s re-set the ground T offset to zero and put in 50 ppm of CO2 into the model. The resulting graph is:
If the greenhouse gas in question were absorbing only in this limited interval, then increasing its concentration further could not bring down the OLR any further, since in the spectral region where the gas is radiatively active, the atmosphere is already radiating at the coldest temperature possible. Technically, since the stratosphere cools with more greenhouse gases, this would have a minor effect on the OLR, but it is a negligible one for our purposes. If we change the amount of CO2, the intensity of light in this range does not get any lower. This is called band saturation.
Instead, further increasing CO2 will decrease the OLR essentially by filling the “wings” of the spectral bands where the atmosphere is optically thin. We can see this by putting in a modern concentration of 390 ppm CO2. The manner in which the “wings” of spectral lines become important is discussed in Dr. Ray Pierrehumbert’s RealClimate post on Angstrom.
Greenhouse gases have absorption whose overall strength decays rapidly with distance in wavenumber from the central peak, which helps explain the reason in which the OLR change goes like the logarithm of CO2 amount at concentrations relevant to the global warming problem. Here is a plot of the outgoing energy term as a function of CO2 concentration. This is a visual confirmation that after you have already introduced some CO2 into the atmosphere and are up to realistic concentrations, every doubling will produce the same radiative forcing.
One could compute the temperature change for a perturbation in the OLR for just a change in CO2, leaving other climate variables constant.
which gives a ~1 C rise in temperature for a 4 W m-2 radiative forcing. This would be the temperature response to a CO2 doubling if only the Planck radiative feedback were important. Unfortunately, life is not that easy, and you need to figure in the feedbacks from water vapor, clouds, albedo, etc.
Now let’s put some crazy amounts of CO2 into the model, say 10,000 ppm.
As we can see, the bite in the spectrum is not getting any deeper, but it is getting considerably wider. This is very important for the greenhouse effect, since you will essentially never become “saturated” and thus you will keep getting warming with more and more CO2. We should now be in a position to interpret a plot of atmosphere transmission or absorption,
This helps to visualize the percent absorption by atmospheric constituents on a scale from 0 to 1 as a function of wavelength. It is important to note that the absorption coefficient is a strong function of wavelength. Although radiative transfer equations would often be much easier to solve if the optical thickness was independent on wavelength (the so-called grey gas approximation), alas, this is not how life operates. This is somewhat convenient though, since if the atmosphere behaved like a grey gas, changing CO2 from a “nice concentration” just a tiny bit would make the planet virtually inhabitable, setting an extremely narrow window for proper atmospheric conditions suitable for life.
Let’s go back to our model outputs obtained from MODTRAN. Note that there is a small “blip” at the bottom of the center CO2 band, which becomes very apparent in the 10,000 ppm case. This is a signature of the stratosphere, where temperature increases with height. You get this blip in a very high CO2 case since the atmosphere is so absorbing in the center of the band that emission is coming from above the tropopause, while in the wings, where absorption is weaker, emission comes from below. This “blip” is potentially useful to planetary scientists looking for life on distant planets, since a hot stratosphere could be a signature for ozone, and thus oxygen. This blip would probably not be real if you were to really add that much CO2, since the stratosphere cools with more CO2 as it becomes a less effective absorber but a better emitter of radiation. You can somewhat see this if you lower the sensor altitude to 30 km or so.
It is really important (in fact, essential) to understand that the greenhouse effect requires colder air aloft to work with, as you essentially replace strong surface radiation with weaker emission from higher layers. This is why adding CO2 creates an energy imbalance at the top-of-atmosphere. In an isothermal atmosphere, you could not get a greenhouse effect.
The effective height “H” above is obviously dependent on wavelength, and moves higher as the opacity in increased in that region.
So…review: Because of energy balance, the planet must get rid to space as much energy as it receives from the sun. Averaged over the Earth, taking into account the albedo and geometry, this is about 240 W m-2. In the absence of an atmosphere, this flux of radiation is lost by the surface by . With an atmosphere, this flux of radiation is allowed to emanate from upper, colder layers of the atmosphere, say on average at some altitude H. Increasing greenhouse gases increases the altitude of H, a height in the atmosphere which depends on wavelength, and characterizes a level of mean emission to space. Because the atmosphere is now emitting from colder levels of the atmosphere, the OLR has decreased, and the result is that the planet must warm to re-establish radiative equilibrium.
Radiative transfer in the earth’s atmosphere is not particularly amenable to simple formulas because the atmosphere is semi-transparent to differing degree at different wavelengths. For example, there is a popular formula for a 2-layer equilibrium relationship which is obtained by treating the atmosphere as a slab and solving multiple equations for the energy balance of each slab. This states that Ts = 21/4Teff (or generalizing, Ts = (n+1)1/4Teff, where n is the number of layers). It can be found, for example, in David Archer’s “Understanding the Forecast”, or Dennis Hartmann’s “Global Physical Climatology.” As an exercise, I urge readers unfamiliar with this model to try to derive this expression using principles discussed here. You can also refer to these lecture notes (slide 16, 17 on radiative-convective equilibrium) if you need help. This is valid for an isothermal grey absorbing layer above a Planck emitting ground, and applies only when the layers are either totally transparent or totally opaque. Such a model can be made more complex by allowing for non-unity absorptivity/emissivities in different layers, allowing for shortwave absorption in the atmosphere, etc. These lend very good insight into the nature of temperature inversions, geo-engineering, how one might need to later the albedo to offset CO2 increase, etc. One might find out for instance that if we perfectly offset enhanced absorptivity by increased reflectivity to keep the surface temperature constant, you can still get a change in atmospheric temperatures, which would thus have implications for the lapse rate and stability. So, I urge experiments with these approaches. Although this sets the stage for basic textbook explanations to get a feel for radiative balance, in GCM’s, the radiative transfer problem needs to be addressed numerically, with a sufficient number of vertical layers to resolve the atmospheric temperature and absorber distribution, with an acceptable amount of spectral intervals to resolve the spectral dependence of the contributing gases, and account overlap between various atmospheric constituents. Further, using a 2-layer model in a fully transparent shortwave and fully opaque longwave atmosphere achieves a surface temperature of 303 K, which introduces another obvious problem with this model, notably the lack of convection which removes heat from the surface, and also establishes the vertical temperature profile of the atmosphere from which the greenhouse effect relies on.
In modern concentrations, every doubling of CO2 will reduce the OLR by about 4 W m-2. This doesn’t hold at very low concentrations as we’ve seen, but also at very high concentrations. The phenomena of band saturation also allows us to say something interesting when comparing two greenhouse gases side-by-side.
It’s often noted that methane is “20x more powerful than CO2” (see a quick google result for proof). This statement can potentially be misleading, so it is worth clarifying just what it means.
The natural 33 K greenhouse effect has a much larger influence from CO2 than it does CH4. Even in the context of how the greenhouse effect is changing, CO2 is currently a much stronger forcing agent than CH4. In what sense is CH4 more powerful? This is only if we compare CO2 and CH4 side-by-side and allow the two gases to change by some incremental amount at existing background concentrations. It is only because CH4 is far less abundant in the atmosphere that adding, say, 1 ppm of CH4 will produce a larger radiative forcing than would be adding 1 ppm of CO2 to today’s atmosphere. This has nothing to do with any intrinsic property of the gas. If CO2 were far less abundant, and CH4 much more abundant, then adding a certain about of CO2 would be more effective at reducing the OLR, and we would then say “CO2 is a more powerful greenhouse gas.”
“The most important greenhouse gas”
Dr. Andy Lacis of NASA GISS is a radiative transfer expert and has worked on planetary climate stuff for a long time now. He has recently been hailed by global warming skeptics for a criticism of an early draft of the IPCC summary for policy makers. Lacis had plenty of words to say to the “skeptics” about this at Dot Earth (linked at the top of the post, you can follow the several posts about it) but finally Lacis felt the need to simply go back and review the basic physics of radiative balance which constrains the global climate. Along the way, Lacis is quoted as saying
“The bottom line is that CO2 is absolutely, positively, and without question, the single most important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. It acts very much like a control knob that determines the overall strength of the Earth’s greenhouse effect.”
This generated some interesting comments, but let’s examine what Dr. Lacis was getting at, since I certainly agree with this.
If you break down the natural greenhouse effect into a fractional contribution between constituents you end up getting that about 50% of the 33 K greenhouse effect is due to water vapor, about 25% to clouds, 20% to CO2, and the remaining 5% to the other non-condensable greenhouse gases such as ozone, methane, nitrous oxide, and so forth. It is therefore popularly noted, from popular discussion to textbooks to academic papers that “water vapor is the most important greenhouse gas” in the atmosphere. While it is true that water vapor represents the largest source of infrared opacity in the atmosphere, the claim that it is “most important” is just sloppy terminology with no real attempt to define what exactly that is supposed to mean. At some level, this could just be academic disagreement, but it is worth putting into perspective that CO2 is indeed the control knob which governs the global climate.
The non-condensable greenhouse gases (e.g., CO2, CH4, etc) are those which do not precipitate from the atmosphere at Earth-like conditions. They can support a temperature of nearly 10 K above that which is determined by equilibrium with the incoming solar radiation on their own. Water vapor, on the other hand, is controlled by temperature. I have a rather long post discussing the radiative feedbacks which are important for understanding the sensitivity of climate, which defines the temperature response per unit radiative forcing. The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere is not set by sources and sinks, but has an upper limit on its concentration until it precipitates out. Because of this, the non-condensable greenhouse gases act as the backbone upon which water vapor and clouds can really do their stuff. Without them, you would also get a near collapse of the terrestrial greenhouse effect as water vapor content declined nearly exponentially with a declining temperature. This scenario would cause a runaway snowball Earth and a much higher surface albedo. Indeed, removing either water vapor or CO2 from the atmosphere would trigger glaciation down to the tropics. When thinking about the evolution of Earth’s climate though, it is CO2 which changes, and water vapor which is dragged along to amplify the total response.
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72 responses to “Greenhouse effect revisited…”
sylas | February 19, 2010 at 2:36 am | Reply
Very nicely done. You’ve covered a lot of ground with this post. What stands out about this is that you don’t cut corners, but have given the real physics of the atmospheric greenhouse effect without dumbing it down. Kudos. This deserves to be a widely known reference for use in internet discussions.
san quintin | February 19, 2010 at 1:47 pm | Reply
Yes, I agree with sylas. Very clearly done. Whenever I talk to sceptics (which, unfortunately is rather too often) I eventually go back to the physics. The rate and pattern of temperature rise following increased carbon dioxide is irrelevant…eventually the T MUST increase. Even the clever sceptics like Steve McIntyre accept that I think. They (cleverly) only discuss the trees, not the wood! If only we could educate everybody else, then there would be a political mandate for action. At the moment though it has stalled and there’s not much sign of it moving soon.
jg | February 19, 2010 at 3:30 pm | Reply
Thank you. The point where you said “it can be shown that the temperature must increase as greenhouse gases are added to the atmosphere” marks another significant step in my slow learning of these concepts. I’ll be studying this post and its related links for awhile and perhaps I’ll be able to articulate a few vague questions I still have. (By the way, I’m guilty of many simplified slabs and colorful arrows on this subject).
Andrew | February 19, 2010 at 7:11 pm | Reply
Much appreciated; especially the progressive model emission graphs. They are very helpful in visualizing changing levels of CO2.
1) In the Saturation paragraph, the following is stated:
“In modern concentrations, every doubling of CO2 will reduce the OLR by about 4 W m-2. This doesn’t hold at very low concentrations as we’ve seen, but also at very high concentrations.”
For the initial 2ppm CO2 case, OLR was reduced from 346.97 to 338.8.
So, 2 ppm CO2 was worth about 8.2 W m-2 or about 4.1 W m-2/ppm.
Understand that it would have been more work, but it may have been helpful to some readers if an OLR calculation were made at 4ppm CO2 to illustrate the magnitude of warming from doubling at low concentrations.
2) “This blip would probably not be real if you were to really add that much CO2, since the stratosphere cools with more CO2, since it becomes a less effective absorber but a better emitter of radiation.”
I don’t understand this sentence and it may be a run on. It would probably be easier to understand if it were broken up or re-worded.
3) “This is somewhat convenient though, since if the atmosphere behaved like a grey gas, changing CO2 from a “nice concentration” just a tiny bit would make the planet virtually inhabitable, setting an extremely narrow window for proper atmospheric conditions suitable for life.”
I’m struggling to wrap my mind around this concept. Could you elaborate on this some.
Lucas | February 20, 2010 at 12:59 am | Reply
@Andrew,
“This blip would probably not be real if you were to really add that much CO2, since the stratosphere cools with more CO2, since it becomes a less effective absorber but a better emitter of radiation.”
Understanding the stratosphere is generally problematic for laypeople (and it’s difficult to explain it without making some mistakes and/or misrepresentations)
I’ll try my best to explain it without making serious mistakes or getting too technical:
– The stratosphere is optically thin so it’s a poor absorber of thermal radiation.
– The stratosphere is very dry.
– The stratosphere is warmed mostly by UV radiation. This explains the cooling of the stratosphere caused by ozone depletion.
– Greenhouse gases not only absorb thermal radiation, they also emit it.
So, if you were to analyze the energy budget of the stratosphere you’d see that adding GHGs would increase its ability to radiate heat away. The only way for the stratosphere to warm is to capture more UV radiation and loose very little thermal radiation.
Hope I was clear enough.
Lucas;
Thanks for trying to help. It maybe the grammar that I’m struggling with:
Could this be re-worded as follows and still correct:
“This blip would probably not be real if you were to really add that much CO2 since the stratosphere cools with more CO2 (it becomes a less effective absorber) and becomes a better emitter of radiation at the same time.”
Response: I tried changing a bit. Hope Lucas’ comment makes sense. A more complete explanation involves the spectral dependence, as the stratospheric emission has to be in a limited wavelength band if you’re going to get cooling while still respecting the planetary radiation balance. The dynamic changes in the grey atmosphere case. Specifically, with more CO2, the stratosphere becomes shielded more strongly from upwelling radiation from below by the increased opacity in the 15 micron region, while it continues to emit effectively in those regions, leading to strong cooling. The stratosphere also cools with ozone loss as well– chris
Hank Roberts | February 25, 2010 at 9:15 pm |
That’s much clearer, so to speak:
Lemme whack at it if I may:
> with more CO2, the stratosphere becomes shielded more …
> from upwelling radiation
(more CO2 below intercepts more outgoing infrared), while
the increase in the CO2 in the stratosphere
> continues to emit effectively, leading to strong cooling
> of the stratosphere and more warming below the stratosphere.
D Cage | February 20, 2010 at 11:23 am | Reply
Why then do we not get a clear cut progressive increase in the rate of temperature rise as the tipping point predicted by the climate scientists demands? The lack of it proves that no mattter how plausible the scientific theory is, it is unsound in reality.
Response: There is no inconsistency between observed surface temperatures and predictions. And we’re talking about real predictions, not the phantom ones. Sorry.– chris
Patrick 027 | February 21, 2010 at 9:55 pm | Reply
D Cage – the phrase ‘tipping point’ might be intended to refer to either crossing (unmeasured possible) thresholds at which strong positive biogeochemical feedbacks might kick in (which is distinct from those feedbacks considered in Charney climate sensitivity to radiative forcing), or it might be intended to refer to irreversible changes (extinctions) or changes that occur that take a long time to reverse even if forcing is quickly retracted toward preindustrial values.
Hank Roberts | February 25, 2010 at 9:22 pm | Reply
D Cage–
Do you ever wonder where you get your ideas and why you believe them reliable?
Here’s one way to check this kind of thing:
http://www.google.com/search?q=climate+co2+%22clear+cut+progressive+increase+in+the+rate+of+temperature+rise%22
— if Google is right, literally no one on Earth has ever said that, except you.
(Which raises the question, where did you get the idea — it’s certainly a familiar mistaken idea you’ll find on PR blogs, but it’s not ever said by scientists — you can check that with Google Scholar):
http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=climate+co2+%22clear+cut+progressive+increase+in+the+rate+of+temperature+rise%22
No offense intended — I’m an amateur reader, I know how hard this is to learn and how easy it is to get wrong information stuck in one’s head, and “it’s a poor memory that only works backward” and all of us tend to think we know stuff nobody ever told us. Checking our own ideas is a good place to begin asking questions. Google can help.
ianam | March 5, 2010 at 3:52 am | Reply
Why then do we not get a clear cut progressive increase in the rate of temperature rise as the tipping point predicted by the climate scientists demands?
It’s not at all clear why you think anything climate scientists say implies a clear cut progressive increase in the rate of temperature rise, but it doesn’t.
The lack of it proves that no mattter how plausible the scientific theory is, it is unsound in reality.
Shouldn’t you at least wait for an answer to your question before coming to that conclusion? And just what exactly is it that is “unsound in reality”? If in fact the maximum average global temperature increases over time, even if there isn’t ” clear cut progressive increase in the rate of temperature rise”, then global warming is “sound in reality”.
VK | February 25, 2010 at 5:00 am | Reply
In my opinion the model described in the article is only a half truth:
– The Earth is described as a hemisphere, but in reality it is a sphere, and there is always the other hemisphere which is not getting radiation from the sun.
– Water is not only a greenhouse gas, but has other vitally important functions: It carries heat up to higher levels in the atmosphere where the heat energy is released when water condenses. And clouds have a strong albedo effect.
Response: For the first point, I was not talking about the incoming solar energy or the day-night cycle. I was talking about integrating over all solid angles which are of relevance to us, since emission is essentially independent of angle (isotropic). This is the way to express radiation from the surface of the Earth. I’m not talking about “northern” or “southern” hemispheres as we’ve come to call them or the day-side or night-side of the planet. I should maybe have described this point in more detail, but describing the mathematical justification behind the factor of pi in the flux density expression would have gotten us a little sidetracked from the point of the post.
As for your second point, the planet itself is only gaining and losing heat by radiation, since it is surrounded by a vacuum. You are not describing a component of the planetary energy budget, but rather of the surface energy budget. Indeed, if the surface were only losing heat by radiation, the 33 K enhancement would be a substantial underestimate of the strength of the greenhouse effect. The mode of heat transport you describe is understood and has been included even in simple models going back to at least Manabe in the 60’s– chris
carrot eater | February 25, 2010 at 1:20 pm | Reply
I agree with sylas. It’s about time somebody put out a description for the layman that didn’t cut corners. Most cartoon illustrations totally gloss over this important point: “In an isothermal atmosphere, you could not get a greenhouse effect.”
Yup, so far so good. Perhaps, as you imply, a more comprehensive mathematical treatment of the whole system would be even more convincing, including how the greenhouse effect affects winds, cloud formation on different latitudes, possible changes in the prevalence of different cloud types, and the distribution of thermal energy over the latitudes.
Response: You are simply throwing up smokescreens now. My blog is not a textbook; essentially any book on atmospheric radiation will discuss solid angles in detail. I suggest Grant Petty’s “Introduction to Atmospheric Radiation” for one of the more readable approaches. My blog is also not a coupled global climate model. It is simply a description which allows the reader to get an intuitive feel for how the greenhouse effect works. — chris
VK | February 27, 2010 at 10:32 am | Reply
OK, I understand.
Thank you for the discussion.
Patrick 027 | March 1, 2010 at 2:24 pm | Reply
I = Intensity (flux per unit area per unit solid angle, wherein the unit area is perpendicular to the direction considered)
F = flux per unit area (in casual conversation, this is often referred to as ‘flux’, but that is technically not accurate).
I and F can also be considered per unit spectrum (wavelength or frequency) at a given part of the spectrum).
w = a solid angle
dF = contribution to F of intensity in all directions within solid angle dw
dF = cos(q)* I * dw
where q is the angle from perpendicular to the unit area that F goes through; the factor cos(q) accounts for the reduced contribution to F at or through a unit area from an I*dw that comes from a slanted direction.
q is one of the spherical coordinates – for a horizontal surface, for radiation downward through a unit horizontal area, q is the zenith angle (for upward radiation, q would by the angle from nadir (opposite direction from zenith).
Use L for azimuthal* angle (q is analogous to a colatitude: cos(q) = sin(latitude) when north pole is zenith, and L is than analogous to longitude)
dw in the direction q,L:
dw = sin(q)*dq*dL
the factor sin(q) is required because, projected onto a unit sphere (radius 1), the same dL*dq is a smaller area for small q.
(note solid angle, measured in steradians, = surface area of the projection of the solid angle onto a unit sphere from the center. Note that a ‘regular’ angle, measured in radians, = arc length of the projection of the angle onto a circle from the center.)
Integral of dw over full circle of L:
dw = 2*pi * sin(q) * dq
notice this is a small angle dq multiplied the circumference of a circle (the length of a line of colatitude).
Integral of dw over hemisphere (q = 0 to q = pi/2):
dw = 2*pi*[ -cos(pi/2) – -cos(0) ] = 2*pi*(0 + 1) = 2*pi
which is half the surface area of a unit sphere!
Integral of dF over a hemisphere for isotropic radiation intensity I (isotropic radiation means that I is constant over q,L; perfect blackbodies emit isotropic, unpolarized, incoherent radiation).
= I * cos(q)*dw
= I * cos(q)*sin(q) * dL * dq
= I * (1/2)*sin(2*q) * dL * dq
integral over full circle of L:
= 2*pi * I * cos(q)*sin(q) * dq
= 2*pi * I * (1/2)*sin(2*q) * dq
(this is why F = pi*I, not 2pi*I, for isotropic I)
= pi * I * sin(2*q) * dq
Integral from q=0 to q=pi/2 (the F from all radiation at/from or through the unit area from/to one side of that unit area)
= pi * I * (1/2) * [-cos(pi) – -cos(0) ]
= pi * I * (1/2) * 2
= pi * I
Why consider only a hemisphere?
That is relevant to finding the flux upward or downward. The net upward flux can be found either by integrating I over the whole sphere, subtracting the downward flux from the upward flux, or integrating net I over one hemisphere, where net I is forward I minus I from the opposite direction for each direction. These are all mathematically equivalent.
A net F requires some anisotropy – that is, I must not be constant over direction. I could be constant over each of two hemispheres and different between them, or it could vary continuously, or in some more complex way. The later is the case for radiation through the atmosphere.
For LW (longwave) radiation (the radiation at wavelengths where the blackbody I is significant for typical surface and atmospheric temperatures (excluding the thermosphere, which is optically very very very thin), this is because I at near horizontal directions must come from paths that are much longer over thin nearly isothermal (typically) layers and thus tends to be near the blackbody I for the temperature at that location (except when/where opacity is so small that the layer is significantly transparent over distances over which temperature varies signficantly horizontally or over which the curve of the Earth causes the path to diverge from horizontal), whereas nearly vertical paths cross larger temperature variations per unit distance and thus (except when opacity is too high) I at q nearer 0 or nearer pi can diverge a lot from the local blackbody value). Looking up from the surface, I will tend to be largest near the horizon and smaller near vertical, along paths through which the lower warmer air is optically thinner and thus doesn’t hide the coolness of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere as much, and where the whole atmosphere doesn’t hide the darkness of space as much – but this varies with wavelength and local temperature and humidity and cloud conditions, and the opposite pattern may be observed under an inversion when there are clouds within the inversion or at wavelengths with greater opacity, etc. Looking down from either space or the tropopause level or within the stratosphere, the largest I tends to be seen looking nearly straigtht down for the same reasons, but with variations from that pattern for the same reasons.
For SW radiation (solar radiation, wavelengths shorter than about ~ 4 microns), I is not constant over the solar disc, varying between sunspots and faculae, etc, and more generally decreasing from the center because the photosphere is not isothermal with depth but cools with height, and directions toward the solar limb cross larger distances through the cooler outer part and thus the visibility of the warmer part is reduced. However, it can be approximated as constant over the solar disc’s solid angle for some purposes. In space, away from any other object, SW drops to near 0 in nearly all directions outside the solar disc’s solid angle, with some small contribution from the corona, etc, and very small solid angles of large I from the stars. Near the Earth, a significant amount of solid angle will have significant I from reflected/scattered radiation. Within the atmosphere, some nonzero I is distributed over the whole sphere (not isotropically – in clear skies the doward scattered I is larger near the horizon due to the longer paths through the air, and very large near the sun due to forward scattering. For an initial beam of radiation, successive scatterings tend to broading photons over a larger range of solid angles and reduce the anisotropy over the sphere, even if most individual scatterings are foward scatterings) due to scattering/reflection, while the I within the solar disc is reduced for the same reason.
This is all for considering radiation at one location on the Earth; it can be averaged over the globe (two hemispheres) of the Earth to find a global average (at a given vertical position).
Colin | February 27, 2010 at 6:12 pm | Reply
Thanks for the explanation, but I am having some difficulties, probably because my perspective is wrong.
1. The surface emits energy in 3 ways – direct conduction (minor), net radiation (ie stephan-botlzmann minus the back-radiation from the atmosphere) (minor), and evaporated water (major). All three are manifested in the atmosphere as sensible heat (at different levels – conduction at the surface, radiation in the low atmosphere close to the surface, and latent heat of condensation into the clouds). This is then convected upwards, the heat transport mechanism within the atmosphere.
2. The earth must radiate its received energy in some form into space. This radiation must come from:
A. The surface – as you point out, the non-absorbed portion of the surface radiation, 15-30% of the 390W/m^2, belts off into space, with a characteristic emission temperature of 288 DegC or so.
B. Gases in the atmosphere which are capable of emitting photons in the infra-red. The candidates are Ozone, H2O and CO2. These all emit at different levels in the atmosphere. The top of the water vapour is at the lowest level and is therefore hotter. Water Vapour is also capable of emitting in far more of the spectrum than the other two gases (see your absorption spectrum). So the majority of emissions from most of the planet must be coming from the top of the water vapour, ie around 5000m and -10DegC. The next gas is CO2. For the 15um band (the most fierce emission frequency) the top of the CO2 is really high – somewhere in the tropopause/stratosphere. This is quite cold, around -50DegC.
3. I would therefore expect to see the following in an emission spectrum from Earth:
A. Strong emission (characteristic temperature about 288 DegK) in the non-absorbed bands.
B. Medium emission (characteristic temperatures ranging from 288 down to about 260 DegK, depending on wavelength) in the water bands. This would vary enormously with latitude and landform.
C. Weak emission (characteristic temperatures around 220 DegK) in the CO2 bands.
D. Somewhat stronger emission in the Ozone bands, as the temperature is a little higher.
4. I don’t see this in your diagrams.
5. Because the emissions from CO2 are at so high an altitude, the temperature gradient is no longer negative, but is neutral or positive. Varying the optical depth of the CO2 will have no effect on the temperature of the emission, or its power. So there is no major greenhouse effect (energy budget imbalance) from this source.
Patrick 027 | March 2, 2010 at 12:11 am | Reply
Re 1 –
a little clarification:
Both radiation and convection are important in transporting heat through the atmosphere.
The surface generally (global time average) loses heat to the atmosphere and space via LW radiation, and generally (global time average) loses heat to the atmosphere via ‘convection’. In this context, the term convection includes the conduction of sensible heat and molecular diffusion of latent heat via water vapor from the surface; these processes are only important for maybe 1 mm or so of air next to the surface as convection occurs much more easily away from the surface (the surface is an impediment to motion, hence the importance of conduction and diffusion next to it). Because of the necessity and dominance of conduction and diffusion immediately next to the surface, and because of the small-scale nature of convective motions near the surface, net radiative heating of the surface can and does sometimes sustain a superadiabatic lapse rate near the surface. Above this, in such conditions where mixing is driven by heating, and also when wind supplies energy to mix the air even without surface heating
(sufficient vertical wind shear can overcome stable stratification and mix the air, which interestingly results in a stronger stratification at the top of such a mixed layer since the top of such a layer is cooled and the bottom of such a layer is warmed by the process and whole layer is warmed by the kinetic energy input required to ‘break-up’ the stratification; my understanding* is that kinetic energy generated by differential-heating driven convection can also do the same thing and entrain warmer air (as measured by potential temperature; potential temperature is conserved along a dry adiabat) above the mixed layer to make the mixed layer thicker and perhaps produce an inversion at the top of the mixed layer (*perhaps analogous to the thermocline below the mixed layer of the ocean (?), which is mixed by wind energy and also by differential heating and salinity variations (water is more transparent to some portion of SW wavelengths than it is to LW radiation, so there is some solar heating that takes place beneath the thin surface layer that has net LW cooling (typically), thus solar heating can drive some convection in the upper ocean; also, evaporation at the surface produces cooler,saltier, denser water that can sink; precipitation has the opposite effect on salinity.) (Without the kinetic energy produced by thermally-driven convection (or from the wind), surface heating would produce a mixed layer up to the level where the convective lapse rate from the surface intersects the preexisting lapse rate of the air, and no farther.)
(Kinetic energy is produced from heat energy by thermally-direct convection, with warmer air rising and colder air sinking (at a given pressure level, setting aside variations in composition which are generally of minor importance to atmospheric motions); kinetic energy is converted back to heat energy by thermally-indirect motions (colder air rising, warmer air sinking) and by viscosity (molecular viscosity and mixing of momentum). (Same thing in the ocean; replace temperature with density to account for the role of salinity.) The kinetic energy production is small compared to the heating rates, and most kinetic energy produced within the troposphere is also converted back to heat (at higher entropy than the heating which produced it) within the troposphere or at the surface/within surface material (ocean), and thus the kinetic energy can to a good approximation be neglected in the heat energy budget, but of course kinetic energy is important for atmospheric motions; important thermally-indirect motions above the tropopause level are driven by mechanical energy supplied from below via Rossby waves and gravity waves and various equatorial waves (Rossby, gravity, Rossby-gravity, Kelvin).
a mixed layer exists that is dry adiabatic, or (approximately) moist adiabatic when and where the relative humidity is approximately 100 % (there is some complexity in the process of condensation of vapor onto nuclei, etc. – see “Kohler curves”).
(it is possible for the surface to have a net gain from LW radiation from the atmosphere under some conditions, such as under a sufficiently thick and/or cloudy or humid inversion, but this would be unsustainable for a global average given the solar heating of the surface).
In environments where there is deeper convection from the surface, the lapse rate is dry adiabatic below the cloud base, of course.
4. The focus was on the effect of CO2 – for what you are looking for, see Kiehl and Trenberth 1997:
Your expectations are somewhat correct.
The ozone layer is heated by solar UV but is still not as warm as at the surface, and also, my understanding is that ozone is generally less opaque in its LW absorption band than in the UV wavelengths, so emissions to space at those wavelengthsto space may come from the upper mild stratosphere, but also the lower cooler parts of the stratosphere as well as from the warmer surface and cooler cloud tops when they are present, etc.
Water vapor can reduce the brightness temperature farther than you expect in portions of its spectrum.
Opacity varies over wavelength and this is true within the CO2 absorption band. In the central portion of the band, emission to space will increase with increasing CO2. However, outside the central part of the band, emission will decrease because the opacity is still low enough for much or most radiation to be coming from below the tropopause level. At the tropopause level, there is almost no effect on the net flux within the central part of the band – it is saturated – but farther from the center, there is a decrease in net upward radiation, as radiation from warmer lower levels (surface, lower level CO2, clouds, humidity) is partly blocked and there is an increase in downward radiation from above as the stratosphere radiates more strongly, blocking the darkness of space (I’m not sure if there are any wavelengths at which downard radiation decreases, because the upper warmer stratosphere might never become sufficiently opaque to radiate with a warmer brightness temperature before the lower colder stratosphere is opaque enough to block that radiation from reaching the tropopause).
There is a decrease in net upward LW flux both above the stratosphere and at the tropopause level, with the change at the tropopause level being larger. The difference in the change is a net LW cooling of the stratosphere.
Holding conditions beneath the tropopause steady but allowing temperatures above to reach temporary equilibrium, the stratosphere cools as a result of increased emission to space and decreased radiation from below (with some compensation from increased absorption of radiation from below). After this change, the change (from before the CO2 increase) in net upward LW radiation is larger above the stratosphere and smaller at the tropopause level, because the cooler stratosphere emits less radiation upward and downward. The resulting change in net upward LW flux (change from before the CO2 increase) is now constant from the tropopause upward. This is the tropopause level forcing with stratospheric equilibration, and is a key value of climatic effects. The tropopause level forcing is a heating rate, and heat accumulates below the tropopause level until (accounting for feedbacks) the net upward LW flux increases enough to balance net downward SW radiation at the tropopause level (and so on for other levels, including convection for levels below the tropopause and also regionally, etc.). The stratosphere will also warm up during this process, and this is a positive feedback to tropospheric warming (although an increase in tropopause height actually removes mass from the stratosphere, tending to reduce downward stratospheric emission at the tropopause, but also increasing the opacity of the troposphere and the temperature difference between the surface and tropopause… – my impression is neither of these changes is sizable compared to some other feedbacks like water vapor and lapse rate feedbacks – etc.) – this is why the earlier equilibration was temporary. Stratospheric equilbration is a mathematical process but is actually similar to the sequence of events in reality, because the heat capacity of the stratosphere is quite small and the stratosphere does equilibrate to changes in radiation on timescales shorter than a season (with some important regional deviations from equilibrium due to large-scale overturning patterns).
This pattern of change is similar for greenhouse gas increases in general (including water vapor feedback) with variations in quantities due to variations among spectra and, for water vapor, clouds, and ozone, spatial variation (the increased total emission to space as measured at the top of the atmosphere, such as occurs for CO2 in the center of the 15-micron band, might not be found at any wavelength for some cases, such as clouds and water vapor).
An increase in solar forcing heats both the stratosphere and troposphere. The initial stratospheric equilibration for solar forcing is opposite that of greenhouse gas forcing in general (although there is an interesting similarity in the meridional temperature gradient). By considering tropopause level forcing with equilibrated stratosphere, that difference is accounted for and so the response to such a given tropopause level forcing will be similar for different sources of forcing provided that the forcing is not too idiosyncratic (regional patterns, such as for tropospheric aerosols, etc.) – there could be some difference via solar effects on the ozone layer, … stratospheric ozone depletion and volcanic cooling have a few effects similar to greenhouse and maybe solar warming (variations in NAM and SAM indices), …
Colin | March 2, 2010 at 7:10 pm |
I Thank Patrick 027 for his post.
I had typed out a long reply, but due to BUtterFingEers, lost it into the Eternal Bit Bucket!
I think it is important to distinguish “heat” and “energy” and “energy flux” – it is easy to get confused.
Chris stated in his main article:
“It is really important (in fact, essential) to understand that the greenhouse effect requires colder air aloft to work with, as you essentially replace strong surface radiation with weaker emission from higher layers. This is why adding CO2 creates an energy imbalance at the top-of-atmosphere. In an isothermal atmosphere, you could not get a greenhouse effect.” and
“Because the atmosphere is now emitting from colder levels of the atmosphere, the OLR has decreased, and the result is that the planet must warm to re-establish radiative equilibrium.”
While not necessarily agreeing with that statement, I will stipulate that if the CO2 horizon is in the Troposphere, then an energy imbalance will occur at the radiative top of the atmosphere.
But if it lies above that, if it is in the tropopause or stratosphere (and my numbers indicate that the lowest part is probably in the tropopause), then you don’t have “colder air aloft” – you have hotter air aloft. So the planet doesn’t have to warm up, it has to …cool down! (actually I think that the change would be very slight and there would be no great change in the average emission temperature).
Patrick 027 seems to imply that the CO2 emission horizon is indeed above the troposphere. Is that true, or am I missing something? (highly likely, but I can’t quite put my finger on it…)
Colin | March 1, 2010 at 5:57 pm | Reply
I received this response from Chris on another blog:
Thank you for the reference to my website at https://chriscolose.wordpress.com/2010/02/18/greenhouse-effect-revisited/. I shall try to clarify some issues which Colin has brought up here and in the comments there. If I do not check back here, I am happy to take comments/criticism/questions at my site.
First of all, distinguishing between the surface energy balance and the top of the atmosphere energy balance is indeed crucial. It may be somewhat surprising that the latter generally rules the roost when it comes to climate change, but there’s solid physical reasons for this to be the case, and the mathematical treatments of how this all works out can be found in upper-level textbooks on climate and radiative processes. The details of the coupling between the troposphere and the surface are not “magical processes” nor are they based on hand-waving as Colin states in 109. The troposphere is well-stirred by convection to stay near the appropriate adiabat. In equilibrium, both the TOA and surface budget boundary conditions must be satisfied, and actually, one generally does not need to know the details of the surface budget to compute the influence of added CO2 in inferring temperature change, since the coupling is so strong between the two. This is particularly true over much of the globe, except perhaps in regions where the evaporative term suddenly becomes existent or non-existent. For example, if the Sahara surface were made moister, the surface would cool even with a bit of added CO2. If a rather moist region suddenly became dry, this would amplify the surface temperature increase and so the details of the surface budget become a bit more important.
In assessing the fate of radiative fluxes from the surface to space., one must keep in mind that outgoing radiation is emanating not just from the surface, but from all layers of the atmosphere, since air has a temperature. Furthermore, where the “radiating height” is in the atmosphere is very wavelength dependent. If it is a region in the atmospheric window, say, from 8-12 microns, this region is essentially the surface. But in a strongly absorbing band, a viewer looking from space does not need to look very far down. I have put up two images which show this:
The first figure in the top link measures upwelling spectral flux at the TOA, while the second measures brightness temperature (just an inverted form of the Planck function). The second figure in both links is transmittance, which is essentially zero in the relevant CO2 bands. It can be seen easily in the top figure of the first link, that this CO2 band is dead smack near the peak of the Planck function for terrestrial temperatures and is therefore of strong importance in the energy balance of the planet. Colin asked in points 3 and 4 in post 110 about the “temperature” of CO2 emission which is shown better in the second link. The stratosphere is only a tiny blip in the curve, and as more and more CO2 is added, the stratosphere moves up and cools, so this is not something that starts to weaken (or “reverse”) the greenhouse effect. And a large point of my post was that as you continue to add CO2, the hole that CO2 makes in the outgoing spectra does not really deepen to colder values, but instead widens to lessen the atmospheric window region. For these regions, adding CO2 will continue to generate more and more warming.
Proper fractional comparisons of the greenhouse effect show that the contribution from water vapor to CO2 is more like 2/3 to 1/3 instead of the GHG effect being completely swamped by water vapor as several secondary internet sources always seem to assume. The 15 micron band (and a few microns on either side) is important here, but also because the upper layers of the atmosphere are considerably cold and dry.
To which I responded:
I thank Chris for his post. I hope he will also be posting it on his site.
There many things I don’t understand.
1. All are agreed that the GHGs, CO2 and H2O in particular (I will ignore the others just for the moment) absorb most of the Surface Radiation. Where does this occur?
Using the transmission figures (cited in Post #110) it is clear that the majority of 15um energy absorbed by CO2 will be soaked up in the first 500m of the atmosphere. In fact the tables also imply that around half is soaked up in the first 30 metres. I don’t have the figures for water vapour, but it is unlikely to be different, judging by the transmission diagrams. So I think it is fairly safe to say that apart from photons in the far wings (there are not many of these) the Surface Greenhouse effect is complete within the first 500m.
2. The energy radiated by the surface is 390W/m^2. The amount of this escaping to space is 40W/m^2. The back-radiation to the ground from the atmosphere is 324W/m^2. So the radiant energy absorbed by the atmosphere is 26W/m^2. (=390-40-324). (Figures are from IPCC AR4, WG1. I would think most of these are in dispute in detail, but the general argument holds that very little radiant energy is absorbed by the atmosphere.) Absorbed radiant energy is immediately converted to sensible heat. Sometimes (infrequently) a GHG molecule is sufficiently excited (by collisions) and lucky enough to emit a photon before it is stripped of the photon energy by another collision. If the downward photons are not re-absorbed they form part of the back-radiation. Basically the gaseous stew in the atmosphere radiates energy in all directions. Close to the surface only the downward radiation is not all reabsorbed.
3. Chris and I are in dispute about the mode of energy transfer within the atmosphere – this is primarily convection in my view. The case of the plastic Greenhouse seems to support this assertion. Both Miskolczi and Nicol believe that, because the atmosphere is in Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium, there is zero net radiative transfer in any direction, except in the two boundary cases (the bottom and the top). We can probably leave the heat transfer mechanism to one side for the time being (as it is somewhat immaterial, and progress to the top of the atmosphere.
4. The IR radiators within the atmosphere are, by and large, CO2 and H2O – these two gases have to do all the work in getting rid of the atmospheric energy to space. The other gases are not equipped with the right energy modes, which is why they don’t participate in absorption or radiation. CO2 and H2O can only radiate in the same bands as they absorb. Consider a particular photon emitted by a molecule of water in the upwards direction. In order for it to escape to space it must not be re-absorbed by any water molecules. So as we go higher and higher in the atmosphere, the chances of the photon escaping to space are improved. There will be some point in the atmosphere, below which virtually all the radiation is re-absorbed and converted to sensible heat, and none emerges to space. Essentially there is a water vapour emission horizon for that frequency.
5. Where is that horizon? In the water vapour case there are very many variables (surface humidity and frequency are the main ones), but we can guess that for the strongly emitted frequencies, the majority of the energy being emitted to space comes from a band between 3000m and 5000m. It won’t be much higher than that, because most of the water vapour has condensed into clouds – there’s not much water vapour in the atmosphere above the clouds. The temperature is going to be in the vicinity of -10DegC.
6. For CO2 the situation is much more predictable. We know that for the strongest emission frequency band, it only takes 500m for at 1 atmosphere to absorb all the photons. Moving to the top of the atmosphere, the CO2 horizon for that frequency (ie the LOWEST point from which emissions can get out to space) is somewhere in the region of 17,000m. This is generally in the tropopause. Furthermore, we know the majority of emissions will be coming from a place which has only 5% of the CO2 Horizon thickness (as 25m is about where 50% of photons are absorbed at ground level), and I make that to be 45,000m, ie well into the Stratosphere.
7. To summarise:
A.. The only way atmospheric thermal energy can leave the planet is by emission of IR photons by one of the Greenhouse gases.
B. This occurs from different levels for each frequency.
C. In general, the vast majority will be water vapor transmissions (hotter gas, many more excitation frequencies), and the emissions will be from low down.
D. For the strong emissions from CO2, these are necessarily from very high in the atmosphere. For the 15um band, we are talking the middle of the tropopause and above.
8. I wonder if Chris can find the flaw in that train of logic.
[The table cited in paragraph 1 is, for wavenumber 650:
CO2 Concentration, atm cm: 0.2 0.5 1 5 10 100 1000
Transmission %: 75 61 48 16 8 0.1 0
I calculate 1atm cm of CO2 to be the equivalent of 25m of atmosphere at a concentration of 400ppm.]
There is generally a net flux of radiation at any location in the atmosphere because there is enough transparency for photons to reach across significant temperature variations between emission and absorption (or escape to space). This will not be true at every wavelength and within sufficiently thick clouds for any wavelength, but it is more generally true. LTE is a good approximation for the vast majority of the mass of the atmosphere excluding the photons; the photons are mainly in LTE with there source regions but often not in LTE where they are absorbed or at points along the way from emission to absorption.
In case it wasn’t clear, the importance of CO2 as a greenhouse gas is not so much the amount of radiation emitted to space (or across the tropopause level, net), but the amount by which the presence of CO2 changes those numbers.
To a first approximation, the optical thickness of an amount of CO2 decreases exponentially away from 15 microns, which means that once the central part of the band is saturated (it is at the tropopause level), a given doubling widens the width of the band that exceeds a given set level of opacity less than the saturated; approximately the same intervals have intermediate opacity, but the width of large opacity increases at the expense of the portions of the spectrum where radiation escapes to space from the surface or clouds and water vapor or other spectrally-overlapping gases. Air-to-air net radiant transfer is low when the air is transparent and also when it is too opaque for photons to reach across significant temperature variations; thus air-to-air net radiant transfer would not change much by increasing CO2 once the central part of the spectrum is saturated if the air were otherwise transparent, but net radiative exchanges between the surface and air, air and space, and surface and space, would be affected; with clouds and humidity, CO2 affects net air-to-air radiant transfer when clouds or humidity, etc, are involved either in emission, absorption, or both (CO2 can block radiation from water vapor or clouds from escaping to space or the stratosphere, etc.)
At a given wavelength with sufficient opacity, the flux from the surface will drop to zero over a short distance, but the total upward flux decreases less rapidly because of emissions from the air. But it generally does decrease because the temperatures of the dominant emission sources decline (global time average).
Colin | March 2, 2010 at 7:10 am |
Thanks for this response, Patrick 027.
If I can paraphrase, I think you are agreeing with Chris and me that an increase in the concentration of CO2 will increase the height of the CO2 emission-to-space horizon.
You have introduced another factor, which is that the wing frequencies are also affected -the horizon of the weak radiation in these areas is also increased in height.
But I don’t agree that the 15um horizon is within the troposphere, based on the tables for transmission in CO2. That may be true for the far wings, but not for the majority of the emission band.
Hope I haven’t missed the point of your post – if so, let me know.
Patrick 027 | March 4, 2010 at 11:47 pm |
Okay, but just to clarify, nobody said the 15 micron horizon was within the troposphere. Increasing CO2 decreases the net upward LW flux at the tropopause level more than above the stratosphere, and this causes stratospheric cooling (which feeds back on the net LW flux at the tropopause level by reducing the downward LW radiation from where it was after the CO2 increase but before the stratospheric cooling); the effects near 15 microns contribute to this cooling by increasing net upward LW radiation above the stratosphere while having essentially no effect at the tropopause level. The reason it has essentially no effect is that the horizons for radiation reaching the tropopause from either side are close enough (relative to the vertical scale of temperature variation) to the tropopause that further shifts toward the tropopause have little to no effect at such wavelengths with such great opacity.
The diagrams Chris cited above at https://chriscolose.files.wordpress.com/2008/02/upweeling_brightness.png are very interesting.
The temperature of the emissions in the main CO2 band is between 220 and 230 DegK, ie between about -47 and -57DegC. This places the median point of the emissions somewhere either:
A. In the high Troposphere to Tropopause, or
B. In the Tropopause to low Stratosphere
Colin | March 6, 2010 at 11:51 am | Reply
This post is in response to Patrick 027 at 1147, 04 March.
When you have a look at the details of radiation from gases it immediately becomes apparent that radiation is a very chancy affair. For most molecules excited to the emission energy state by collision with other molecules, there is insufficient time to release the photon before another collision occurs – only about one chance in 10,000 of emission, and 9,999 chances of not emitting.
The emissions arise because the gas is hot. IE the thermal energy within the gas is the cause of emissions which are enabled by collision.
It is not of much consequence how the gas got to be the temperature it did – it could be by NET absorption being greater than emission, it could be by convection, it could be by magic.
If CO2 doubles the 15um emission horizon moves higher – probably still within the tropopause. But the bulk of emissions will be further into the Stratosphere, so the intensity of emission will increase above the Tropopause.
I think what Patrick is saying is that this will cool the lower Stratosphere, effectively increasing the height of the top of the Tropopause. Yes, but I don’t buy that heating the atmosphere.
He claims that no-one stated that the 15um horizon was within the Troposphere. What then are we to make of Chris’s explicit statement:
I’ve looked at the absorption numbers, and even in the far wings at wavenumbers 600 and 750, the bulk of the emissions (more than 50%) are above the Tropopause. So for virtually the entire CO2 emission band the atmosphere will be emitting from a warmer or just as warm place.
As Chris so eloquently put it:
“In an isothermal atmosphere, you could not get a greenhouse effect.”
The bulk of the CO2 emissions are coming from the isothermal portion of the atmosphere.
Patrick 027 | March 8, 2010 at 12:40 am |
1. The shift in tropopause location has an effect but that is not the main cause of warming.
2. Even if more than 50 % of emissions to space are from above the tropopause, that can still leave a nonzero fraction originating from below.
Eyeballing the graph for 390 ppm CO2 above, the CO2 band has a significant effect over a width of ~ 200 /cm, while the width of the portion in the center where increasing opacity either increases emission to space or has little effect is about ~ 50/cm, leaving about 150/cm (adding both sides) where increasing CO2 will decrease outgoing LW radiation to space. There would be increased LW emission to space from the stratosphere or parts thereof over the whole CO2 band, which combines with a decrease in LW radiation from below the tropopause and increased absorption of that radiation within the stratosphere to produce the total effect on outgoing LW radiation. Far enough from the center of the CO2 band, upward emission from the troposphere increases, but there is a greater increase in tropospheric absorption of radiation from the surface.
As CO2 increases, the band spreads out; the width of the central portion increases, the width of the spectrum outside the CO2 band decreases; the width of the portion with intermediate opacity doesn’t change much for a range of CO2 concentrations, and continues to be the location at which changes in CO2 has the greatest effect on tropopause level forcing.
Near the CO2 band, water vapor contributes almost no opacity to the stratosphere.
Actually, an isothermal atmosphere can produce a greenhouse effect if it is colder than the surface temperature, but that would be a short-lived condition, since this implies some convective instability near the surface. What Chris presumably was refering to was an atmosphere that is isothermal and isothermal with the surface.
But for the heck of it, consider an isothermal atmosphere colder than the surface. There can be a greenhouse effect by blocking surface radiation to space, replacing it with a smaller amount of atmospheric radiation; the effect saturates when the atmosphere blocks all surface radiation.
Under some un-Earthly conditions, scattering could become a more important contributor to the greenhouse effect. It works somewhat the same, by increasing opacity, but there is an important difference. For a greenhouse effect based only on scattering, the temperature of the atmosphere would have no direct effect on the radiation budgets.
Correction! In my last post I meant -43 to -53DegC.
John Puma | March 2, 2010 at 5:57 pm | Reply
Chris, thanks for the great post.
I found the following titles for Grant Petty:
1) “A First Course in Atmospheric Radiation.”
2) “A First Course in Atmospheric Thermodynamics.”
Response: I have both, and they are very good reads (I was referring to the first in my previous comment). As it happens, Petty is a faculty member at UW-Madison where I am receiving my Atmospheric & Oceanic science education, so naturally people like to keep books within the department if possible. The thermodynamics book is meant to somewhat precede the radiation book, but you can still read the latter on its own. He does a good job of making the material qualitatively understandable and intuitive, lots of examples, analogies, and applications, while still keeping enough mathematics to be appropriate for an upper-level undergraduate science major or beginning grad student in the field– chris
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While G&T is off topic, actual physics is not; I hope Chris doesn’t mind if I post a quick wrap up of something from another thread (I wouldn’t bother, but when I make a comment, and then see some parts that deserve clarification, I want to make those clarifications)
end of second to last paragraph of
https://chriscolose.wordpress.com/2008/12/10/an-update-to-kiehl-and-trenberth-1997/#comment-2180
Which means that the net flux (I forward minus I reverse) between any two pairs of locations, from the contributions to emission and absorption, is always from higher to lower temperature.
(bold added after original posting)
‘flux’ was not the word to use there; I was refering to the net intensity; and since I was refering to an intensity between emission and absorption, it must be the intensity per unit volume, but for clearer comparison, we can multiply that be a small unit volume dV at each location (dV1 and dV2) and thus simply refer to the net intensity from one to the other: specifically, the net intensity per along ‘a’ path from one location to another; when scattering, reflection, etc, occur, this path might branch or diffuse into huge multitude of paths in between the points, but I am refering specifically to: 1. all the contributions to the net I coming at one location from one direction that originate from the other location through a direction at that location; 2. that can be summed over all directions at just one location to give the total net intensity in one direction at the other location that is to or from the first location; 3. that can be summed over all directions at the other location to give the net energy flux from one location to the other (from one unit volume to the other; in this case it is not a flux per unit area, but just a flux).
This should also be clear from the last paragraph.
I used ‘unit ___’ incorrectly a few times; a unit ___ is an amount = 1 [unit]; when I refered to dx and dV as unit length and unit volume, that’s incorrect. They are ‘small bits’ of length and volume, or more precisely, differential lengths and volumes (the limit as size goes to zero without actually being zero); of course, a ratio of d_ / d_ = __ per unit ___ if there is a relation.
Bill S | March 11, 2010 at 1:28 pm | Reply
Very good article–technical but accessible.
I did have one question, though–you mention several times that the temperature response to CO2 is logarithmic, but the graph you have for that function does not appear to conform to a limit on the y-axis at the bottom of the graph. Why is that? Math was never my strongest suit, but I always thought that a logarithmic function meant that increases in A would always give vastly diminishing changes in B, to the point that the change in B always approaches zero.
Response: The logarithmic relation has to do with the manner in which the absorption coefficient decays (exponentially) away from the center (see the Angstrom article). It does give you a diminishing effect– which is why going from 300 ppm to 600 ppm has the same effect as going from 600 to 1200 ppm (instead of going from 600 to 900 ppm)– but it never truly goes to zero. In reality, if you were to put sufficient amounts of CO2 in the atmosphere (say 10 to 20% of the current atmosphere), the response actually becomes larger than at current concentrations because weaker absorption bands that have different structures than those which dominate the present climate become important, and you also start to get pressure broadening effects which makes CO2 a more efficient greenhouse gas. That’s obviously not really important for modern global warming, but even one or two doublings right now is something to worry about as that can be severely disruptive to socio-economic and ecological structure– chris
werecow | April 11, 2010 at 4:15 pm | Reply
Very nice article, thanks.
Joel Shore | April 12, 2010 at 6:55 pm | Reply
Fantastic post, Chris! This deserves to become a classic among clear expositions of some of the basic science of climate change. I know that I will refer back to it often!
Colin | April 13, 2010 at 1:56 am | Reply
In the 15um band, which is the most relevant and strongest CO2 emission/absorption band, all of the emissions to space are coming from the Stratosphere. This has a POSITIVE temperature gradient with height, not a negative one, so the Stratosphere would tend to COOL.
Previous commentators have claimed that the radiative transfer across the Tropopause into the Stratosphere means that the lower atmosphere has to heat up. But the Tropopause contains a large proportion of the atmosphere – around 20-25% by my reckoning. This is optically thick at most of the GHG frequency bands, so very very little radiation can get across the Tropopause to the Stratosphere.
Essentially the Stratosphere is not warmed from below, but from above.
So I reckon that addition of CO2 will COOL the Stratosphere, and has no effect on the lower atmosphere.
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Pete Ridley | April 14, 2010 at 5:03 pm | Reply
Chris, these observations from Roger Taguchi are relevant to the topic of this thread. They were recently posted on Eli Rabett’s “Eli can retire ..” thread at http://rabett.blogspot.com/2010/04/eli-can-retire-part-viii-epa-reads.html .
Re the balance between incoming short-wavelength incoming solar radiation (visible light) and outgoing long-wavelength IR (infrared), it seems to me that all the mathematical equations in the literature ASSUME radiative equilibrium. The difference is then the greenhouse effect. No one except Nicol (and me) seems aware that there are non-radiative mechanisms (i.e. collision between molecules) for energy transfer between molecules. Thus all the equations for radiative exchange miss the fundamental mechanism for the greenhouse effect: greenhouse gas molecules (CO2, H2O, methane, etc.) absorb some of the IR emitted by the solid and liquid surface of the Earth by jumping to an upper vibrational energy level (with vibrational quantum number v = 1) and transfer this excess vibrational energy (at equilibrium at 200-300 K, the molecules would almost all be in their ground vibrational states, with vibrational quantum number v = 0) BY COLLISION to air molecules (N2, O2, Ar) which CANNOT re-emit IR radiation (because they have zero changing electric dipole moments).
Thus BY COLLISION the energy gets exchanged with other air molecules, and the atmosphere gets hotter than in the absence of greenhouse gases. This fundamental mechanism has been obvious to me for over 4 decades (when I was a high school student around 1960, the encyclopedia “explanation” for the greenhouse effect did not totally make sense to me, since I could not see how changing visible light energy to IR would warm the atmosphere; studies in Physical Chemistry then allowed me to independently understand the greenhouse effect, and then further grad work on energy transfer during collision by excited molecules in Nobel laureate John Polanyi’s group reinforced my understanding). Has increased specialization in academic education reduced general understanding of fundamental physics so much that no one else can see the nonsense in the “220 K blackbody radiation from the upper troposphere”, supposedly the “explanation” for the greenhouse effect? UNQUOTE.
EliRabett responded with QUOTE: Roger and you should go read Goody and Yung. What you write is well known and known in detail. Oh yeah, we can exclude Richard Courtney and Jack Barrett. UNQUOTE.
Here is a relevant response which Roger Taguchi made on Australian Senator Fielding’s “Is global warming man-made? Is global warming dangerous?” thread (Note 1). This should help to shed more light on this poorly understood topic QUOTE:
.. thank you for showing me a good explanation involving the importance of energy transfer on collision between excited CO2 molecules and surrounding air (N2, O2, Ar) molecules, in agreement with my own independently-arrived-at view. This should be emphasized in textbooks on climatology (which I admit to not having read, most of my information to date coming second- or third-hand from wikipedia and this website).
.. it seems to me that the accepted explanation of the greenhouse effect then goes on to say that IR emitted from the solid and liquid surface of the Earth is exchanged using CO2 molecules at 300 K or so (at the surface) to an ultimately-emitting layer in the upper troposphere at 220 K. This is where we differ about the mechanism. For instance, if the Earth had absolutely no CO2, including in the upper troposphere, would there be a 220 K blackbody-emitting layer? I say no, because N2, O2 and Ar do not have changing electric dipole moments, and therefore cannot emit IR radiation. But by the accepted explanation, with no CO2, there would be even less outgoing radiation, and therefore an even higher greenhouse effect (see any college textbook on physical chemistry for the derivation of Planck’s blackbody radiation formula, which would be applicable for an opaque = black surface, not a transparent atmosphere), a logical contradiction.
The accepted explanation is also disproven on inspection of the satellite spectrum looking down on Antarctica: the surface of Antarctica is at or below 200 K, and yet there is an observed emission at CO2 frequencies GREATER THAN the total blackbody surface emission, and this assumes even at zero net absorption by CO2! This is contrary to the Second Law of Thermodynamics (NET heat flow does not occur from a cold to a hot surface). Lamely explaining the emission over Antarctica as due to a “temperature inversion” without explaining how the molecules at altitude gained that energy is no explanation (or equivalent to saying that summer temperatures are higher than winter temperatures because the thermometer readings are higher in summer).
I have explained the origin of the CO2 emission measured by satellite over Antarctica in a longer article I can email on request to rtaguchi@sympatico.ca. The manuscript is in WordPerfect (Version X3), .. but in case your computer cannot decipher WordPerfect, I can email a scanned pdf file. Briefly, the CO2 emission seen over Antarctica (and even more so over the rest of the Earth) is caused by IR frequencies in incoming solar radiation which boost ground state molecules to much higher vibrational levels (e.g. to v=3 in bond-bending mode). These excited molecules can then emit longer wavelength IR photons, in particular the observed CO2 radiation at 670 wavenumbers, as they cascade down to the ground state one vibrational level at a time (e.g. from v =3 to v=2, then from v=2 to v=1, and then from v=1 to v=0). The incoming blackbody solar radiation in the upper atmosphere has enough energy at the relevant frequencies to explain the observed outgoing CO2 emission.
1) see http://www.stevefielding.com.au/forums/viewthread/795/P855/
Patrick 027 | April 16, 2010 at 3:32 pm | Reply
Absolutely none of that brings to light anything that is not already part of climate/atmospheric science.
In the vast majority of the atmosphere (by mass and thus, with some adjustment, by optical thickness), the process of thermalization (via molecular collisions) is rapid enough relative to photon emission and absorption, that when a population of molecules emits or absorbs radiant energy, the change in energy is shared by all the molecules in a given volume (with enough particles for statistical significance, yet small enough to be nearly isothermal), so that each non-photon constituent (CO2, H2O, N2, O2, Ar, CH4, etc.) is at nearly the same temperature, with the distribution of energy characteristic of local thermodynamic equilibrium – so that the matter can be described as having a single temperature, and will emit photons accordingly for it’s optical properties.
Thus, when photons are absorbed, the temperature (and enthalpy) of a volume of air increases; when photons are emitted, the temperature (and enthalpy) of a volume of air decreases, regardless of which molecules are responsible for emitting and absorbing the photons. If emission and absorption occur at the same time, their is a net energy loss or gain. If the volume of air is emitting as much energy as it is absorbing, then absent other processes (temperature changes via adiabatic expansion or compression, or latent heating or cooling, or, if within ~ 1 mm of the surface, conduction of heat to/from the surface), the temperature stays constant.
Any given layer of air, and the surface, may gain heat from solar radiation, may also absorb energy from LW emission from the surface or another layer of air, and may also emit LW radiant energy to the surface or to other layers of air or to space. The optical properties affect the density of emission and absorption and the distances over which photons reach between emission and absorption.
The climate system as a whole tends to gain or lose heat energy if solar heating and LW cooling to space are not balanced. In particular, a layer that is recieving more heat than it is losing will tend to increase temperature, which will tend to increase LW emission, which will increase the heat loss; etc. for the opposite case.
The tropopause is a boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere; one could consider a particular layer to be the region of the tropopause, but the troposphere and stratosphere are actually in contact with each other at the tropopause. Radiant fluxes through the tropopause include those from above that are absorbed below and those from below that are either absorbed above or go to space.
Solar heating is not uniform over the globe. But any part of the surface or atmosphere not at zero K will emit LW radiation. The air above polar regions, especially in winter, is warmer than otherwise because of horizontal convection from lower latitudes. That is a source of energy for greenhouse gases that emit LW energy to space.
See also (link pending)
Colin | April 17, 2010 at 6:54 pm |
I agree pretty much with Patrick 027’s contribution.
The only point I would like to stress is that the Tropopause thermally and radiatively (as far as the CO2 frequencies are concerned) isolates the Troposphere and Stratosphere.
There can be no net energy transfer from the Troposphere to the Stratosphere by convection (needs a temperature gradient) or by conduction (needs a hotter conductor than conductee).
The Tropopause is deep, and contains around one fifth to one quarter of the atmosphere. Neglecting the low energy wings of the bands, most photons emitted by CO2 above or below the Tropopause won’t make it through. The net radiative energy transfers will be from the Stratosphere into the tropopause and the Troposphere into the Tropopause (cos it’s the colder body).
I don’t agree that CO2 emissions are getting to space from the Troposphere, except in the far wings of the bands. The absorption by CO2 in the main (most energetic) 15um band is very fierce, so any emission from as low in the atmosphere as the Troposphere will be extinguished well before it gets to space by the overlying CO2 molecules. Only when emissions come from the Stratosphere will there be any significant emission to space, as there is so little overlying absorbant GHG.
Patrick 027 | April 18, 2010 at 3:44 pm |
Colin, the tropopause is usually defined as a boundary, not given significant thickness in it’s own right. (Is it possible you are thinking of the lower stratosphere, which at latitudes outside the tropics tends to almost isothermal with height?)
Within the atmosphere, conduction (and diffusion of water vapor) are very ineffective, relative to convection and radiation, at transporting heat over large distances; they are really only important within about 1 mm of the surface and maybe in the small-scale vicinity of growing or evaporating or freezing or melting cloud droplets/crystals.
Radiation does transport heat up through the stratosphere from below and some of that is absorbed. Much of the radiative exchange between the stratosphere and troposphere may be accomplished in wavelengths dominated by water vapor. The effect of CO2 …
… continued below
Patrick 027 | April 16, 2010 at 11:04 pm | Reply
“Solar heating is not uniform over the globe.”
Consider a 1-dimensional model with solar radiation averaged over the day and year.
For a strictly emitting/absorbing greenhouse effect (LW scattering can also contribute to a greenhouse effect but the physics is a bit different; in particular, atmospheric temperature would be inconsequential in a purely scattering greenhouse effect, wherein all emission to space originates at the surface; the scattering effectively reflects a portion of the upward flux back down; however, with a mixture of scattering and absorption/emission, greater scattering can have some of the same effect as greater emission or absorption, by concentrating the weighting functions of emission and absorption):
Start with no LW emission from the atmosphere. In this case, all the LW cooling to space comes from the surface, and so the surface temperature tends towards an equilibrium as determined by solar heating, regardless of how solar heating is distributed (all the solar heat deposited in the atmosphere has to be transfered to the surface before it can be emitted to space.
In this situation, solar heating of the atmosphere will make the atmosphere warmer than the surface.
Let’s establish 3 different levels at which to measure the forcing: TOA (top of atmosphere), TRP (tropopause) and SFC (surface), and these can be instantaneous (i) or after stratospheric equilibration (seq). The forcing is a change in net downward radiative flux; a reduction in upward flux or increase in downward flux adds to forcing.
When there is no troposphere, the tropopause level can be considered to be at the surface (and surface+troposphere is the surface), so TRP forcing = SFC forcing. This is the case for zero greenhouse effect as described above.
Now consider the forcing of adding a little bit of LW optical thickness. IF the atmosphere is initially isothermal with the surface, then TOAi forcing = 0; if some of the solar heating occurs in the atmosphere, then the atmosphere may be warmer than the surface, so that TOAi forcing < 0. If the surface is not a perfect blackbody, then TOAi forcing will be smaller than otherwise.
But the TRPi and SFCi forcings, which are equal, will be positive, because of an increase in the downward LW flux from the atmosphere.
The difference in forcing between two levels is equal to a net radiative heating or cooling of the space in between. Positive forcing below and negative or zero forcing above implies radiative cooling of the layer in between.
The atmosphere cools. This 'stratospheric equilibration' reduces the LW emission to space and the downward LW flux to the surface+troposphere; this increases TOA forcing and decreases TRP forcing. After this, TOAseq forcing = TRPseq forcing. But TRPseq forcing, though smaller than TRPi forcing, is still positive, because there is still some downward LW radiation from above TRP, whereas there was none before.
Temperature changes that occur higher in the stratosphere will affect the TOAseq forcing more than the TRPseq forcing, and vice versa for temperature changes that occur lower in the stratosphere; however, if, of the wavelengths (weighted by the Planck function) where LW optical thickness is not too small, it is not much, then the stratospheric equilibration will change TRP and TOA forcing by about the same magnitude, because the source of emission in either direction is distributed over the whole layer.
To achieve full climate equilibrium, setting optical property feedbacks (water vapor, clouds, snow and ice, vegetation, etc.) aside, the temperature of the surface+troposphere must increase to produce an increase in upward LW flux at TRP to balance the TRPseq forcing plus the additional downward LW flux that occurs in response to the stratospheric temperature increase that results from the increased upward LW flux from below plus any solar heating that is sequestered into the troposphere as a result of tropopause level height increases, minus any decrease in downward LW flux due to the same (PS so far as I know, these sorts of feedbacks are generally minor compared to water vapor, clouds, snow and ice, vegetation, etc. – ?).
When the temperature distribution required for radiative equilibrium (wherein each level emits as much as it absorbs) results in a temperature decrease away from the surface that is greater than a convectively-stable lapse rate, convection tends to occur, transporting some heat vertically from the surface to parts of the atmosphere, and keep the temperature change with height over this region near that of an adiabatic lapse rate. The dry adiabatic lapse rate (change in temperature with change in pressure with no net radiative or latent heating or cooling or mixing or conduction) does depend on temperature (and pressure), but of greater significance, the moist adiabatic lapse rate, which is the rate of temperature change with height that occurs if latent heat is released as condensation removes water vapor to keep relative humidity at 100 %, depends on temperature; thus, as the temperatures of the surface+troposphere change in response to any radiative disequilibrium (forced or internal variability), their is a lapse rate feedback in the relationship of surface temperature to the overall change. (Concievably, there could be other ways to alter the lapse rate, because in an actual single atmospheric column that is in radiative-convective equilibrium, the lapse rate would be dry adiabatic in between the surface and the cloud base; a change in relative humidity at the surface would affect this).
But the changes in temperature at any level within the troposphere will tend to be related to changes in other levels by the convectively-maintained lapse rate. This is because, if the radiative heating and cooling changes so as to heat some level or cool another level, the resulting temperature changes destabilize the atmosphere above or below and stabilize the atmosphere, or otherwise reduce convective heat fluxes,the atmosphere below or above, respectively. The resulting changes in convective heat flux spread the temperature changes over the troposphere, to or from the surface. LW fluxes can do the same to some extent (vertically spread out the effect of a localized forcing or feedback), as implied by the effect of stratospheric equilibration on TRPseq forcing and the effect on the stratosphere of tropospheric and surface warming, but the convection in the troposphere tends to maintain a particular lapse rate.
Thus, the troposphere+surface response to radiative forcing tends to follow TRPseq forcing (+ radiative feedbacks in net flux the TRP level) similarly at all vertical levels according to the physics of convection. This isn't to say that the distribution of radiative heating or cooling below TRP doesn't matter to climate; changes in the distribution of radiative heating or cooling within the surface+troposphere can have effects, such as in requiring changes in convection (which could affect radiative feedback at TRP).
What about the full 4-dimensional climate? – there are forced annual and diurnal cycles in solar heating, as well as latitudinal and regional/local variations in solar heating. There are also fluctuations over short time periods within the longer-term climatic state.
1. Conservation of energy still holds true, and the vertical levels, including the TRP (interpolating through breaks such as at jets), form closed surfaces around the globe. Thus in the global average, there are no horizontal fluxes to remove or add heat. Averaged over time, for a steady climatic state, the storage terms have to be zero, so the net vertical fluxes still have to balance. In this respect, a 1-dimensional model still describes key aspects of the system.
However, the relationships of radiative fluxes to global averages in temperature and optical properties are more complex – variations and their correlations have an effect, though this might (?), at least in so far as temperature is concerned, only involve small corrections to the calculation of fluxes based on global average conditions (?) (for example, because of the nonlinear relationship of LW emission to temperature, variation in temperature tends to result in greater emission for the same average temperature. But the effect is small; a crude estimate on my part suggests combined regional and temporal temperature variations at the surface would make the surface, assuming constant LW emissivitiy (not actually true) with an actual global average of 288 K radiate the same total LW flux as a 289 K isothermal global surface – a 1 K difference, which doesn't completely appear or dissappear for climate changes of several K at least).
2. Also, the way convection maintains the lapse rate is more complex.
Their are regional/latitudinal/diurnal/seasonal forced variations in solar heating, and the climate system responds to this with variations in temperature and circulation.
Though not necessarily always distinct and not independent of each other, convection can be considered to occur in two forms – large horizontal scale overturning (LHSO) and localized vertical overturning (LVO). Convective motion can be thermally direct (warmer air rising), converting some heat to kinetic energy, or thermally indirect (warmer air sinking), which must be forced by kinetic energy and converts kinetic energy to heat.
Kinetic energy can also be converted to heat in the process of mixing air against stable stratification, which is analogous to and involves thermally indirect motion, and it can be converted to heat by viscosity/friction. Thus kinetic energy in some ways is like latent heat, accomplishing part of the convective heat flux, though it is a relatively small part. Some kinetic energy produced in the troposphere+surface propagates into the upper atmosphere, and there is some slow overturning (driven by that kinetic energy) of air within the upper atmosphere, with some transfer of mass to and from the troposphere; both of these allow some convective heat transport to or from and within the stratosphere and above, but it is, at least in global-time average effect, relatively small, so a pure radiative equilibrium in the global seasonal average can still approximate upper atmospheric condititions (though there are significant regional/latitudinal deviations from radiative equilibrium).
LVO can occur spontaneously when and when the lapse rate is unstable to moist convection; however, moist convection doesn't occur automatically in such conditions; it can require triggers. (It can also be forced by the wind-driven mixing, in particularly near the surface, which actually transports heat downward.)
LSHO can occur spontaneously even if the atmopshere is stable to all LVO. Thermally-direct LSHO takes such forms as the Hadley cells, Walker circulation, monsoons, and extratropical synoptic-scale eddies/waves (storm track activity) (** but some LVO type convection is often associated with areas of larger-scale ascent in LSHO circulation). Thermally-direct LSHO transports heat horizontally from higher to lower temperatures, and also transports heat vertically, so it can maintain a lapse rate that is stable to LVO. Reduced horizontal temperature gradients and higher local static stability can reduce the available potential energy to such motion, so as with LVO, the rate of LSHO is limited ultimately by differential diabatic heating/cooling, in this case vertically and horizontally. A change in horizontal variations could affect LVO by changing LSHO.
Relative to the density of net radiative heating/cooling, most of the atmosphere, as well as the ocean, has enough heat capacity to keep temperature changes small in response to diurnal variations in solar heating. The land surface can undergo a larger diurnal temperature cycle (effective heat capacity is limited by the rate at which heat can conduct through the surface material). Air and water can also travel into regions with different radiative conditions, and their temperature will respond, but over a time scale proportional to heat capacity. Thus, temperatures reflect prior histories of radiative and convective conditions. Sometimes, over time and space, cooler surface or air will form or move under warmer air, inhibiting LVO; Sometimes the opposite may occur, encouraging LVO. The air temperature over the globe, especially away from the surface, may tend to follow changes in temperature at the surface more in regions and times of higher temperature (and humidity) than in regions and times of colder temperature. Radiatively-driven temperature changes in regions with greater vertical stability can have more vertically-concentrated effects.
Still, the troposphere and surface as a whole tend to respond to globally-averaged TRPseq forcing and feedbacks, with a preffered pattern according the the variations in stability and feedbacks (such as ice-albedo) and moist-adiabatic lapse rate feedbacks, and perhaps (?) changes in vertical convection due to the radiative effects of water vapor (and clouds), if the forcing itself is not too idiosyncratic. LVO spreads the temperature changes vertically where it can; LW responses do the same elsewhere, and the large-scale circulation of the atmosphere (and also the ocean) spread changes horizontally. The whole system is connected.
In regions with temperature inversions at/near the surface, where the surface is colder than at least some portion of the air above (heated either by ealier conditions or at a different location), there may be, depending on clouds and water vapor, a net LW heating of the surface by the air, or at least that layer of air. At the same time, depending on clouds and water vapor, the surface may have a net LW cooling to other layers of air and/or space. There can also be a net convective heat transfer to the surface from the air immediately above, which may be recieving a net LW flux from warmer air higher up. The surface can get or stay colder than at least some of the air above because of radiative cooling to other air and space, but how cold it can get or stay is limited by the heat the surface gets from some layers of air, heated at an earlier time or a different place.
An increase in the greenhouse effect can reduce the surface cooling to space or colder air at higher levels, and warming at other locations or times can keep the surface warmer than otherwise by the increased heating from some of the air above. At such locations and times, the surface temperature will still tend to follow at least somewhat the overally surface+tropospheric trend, and could even have enhanced warming if an increase in radiative heating is concentrated near the surface, as the lack of LVO doesn't immediately spread the effect vertically (though horizontal motions and the passage of time will spread the effect at least somewhat in space and time).
Patrick 027 said “Colin, the tropopause is usually defined as a boundary, not given significant thickness in it’s own right. ”
I thank Patrick for his observation, and particularly his subsequent remarks that the Tropopause, as with all things in the fluid atmosphere, is a very variable beast.
I have been using the International Standard Atmosphere (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Atmosphere) as my model. This defines the Tropopause as a region from 11 to 20km at -54.5DegC.
Patrick also said: “Radiation does transport heat up through the stratosphere from below and some of that is absorbed. Much of the radiative exchange between the stratosphere and troposphere may be accomplished in wavelengths dominated by water vapor. The effect of CO2 …”
[I prefer to use the term “energy” rather than the much looser “heat” (which is actually defined as an energy flow or transfer) preferring to reserve the latter term for “sensible heat” or temperature.]
If the Tropopause is as thick as the International Standard Atmosphere says it is, then it has an appreciable amount, about 25-30% of the mass of the Atmosphere. There is hardly any water vapour, so any emissions at water vapour frequencies will not be greatly absorbed by the Tropopause. It is not until the temperatures start to increase above -40DegC in the high Stratosphere (around 30km) that there is any appreciable Water Vapour. There’s still not much – the air is very thin, but the water vapour content does increase with altitude, so we would expect that the higher Tropopause is indeed absorbing some of the photons emitted by Water Vapour in the Troposphere.
The Tropopause/ Lower Stratosphere is too thick in the International Standard Atmosphere to have many CO2 emitted photons make it through from the Troposphere to the Stratosphere in either direction.
“It is not until the temperatures start to increase above -40DegC in the high Stratosphere (around 30km) that there is any appreciable Water Vapour.”
Right idea, wrong application.
Water vapor concentration, as a mass or molecular (molar or volume) fraction of the air, decreases away from the surface and it highest near the surface in warm conditions if there is sufficient moisture supply upwind or onsite. Rising motion results in cooling, which, when relative humidity (vapor pressure / equilibrium vapor pressure over a flat surface of pure water) reaches ~ 100 %**, converts vapor to liquid or solid form (which releases latent heat, reducing the rate of cooling). This may again evaporate upon sinking or mixing with dry air (the later case being important in severe thunderstorms and tornadic activity), and some precipitation can remove condensed water to deposit it in lower-lying air (virga), but (so far as I know) much of the condensation in the atmosphere corresponds to precipitation reaching the surface nearby, so the outflow from moist updrafts, upon sinking back to higher pressures and temperatures, can be quite dry, as much of the condensed water has been removed and isn’t available to evaporate into the air.
There is some injection of water into the stratosphere by convection, and some supply by the oxydation of methane. It is a small amount but it is optically significant in some wavelength bands. Stratospheric water vapor isn’t generally removed by condensation within the stratosphere with precipitation from there; it simply gets back into the troposphere eventually in vapor form. Thus the changes in temperature within the stratosphere don’t have the strong direct effect on water vapor within the stratosphere that they do in the troposphere, and the relative concentration of water vapor doesn’t vary so much with height above the tropopause.
**-the actual process is more complex in detail and tends to involve some initial supersaturation; see Kohler curve, cloud droplet, haze particle
“I have been using the International Standard Atmosphere”
Okay, but in textbooks the tropopause is simply a boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere. But it is not a fixed boundary, that is true. It is lowest at high latitudes in winter, where I think it actually gets below 10 km (maybe 8 km?). 11 km is a typical height in midlatitudes. In the tropics it can/does get ~ 16 km or higher.
” Thus the changes in temperature within the stratosphere don’t have the strong direct effect on water vapor within the stratosphere that they do in the troposphere, and the relative concentration of water vapor doesn’t vary so much with height above the tropopause.”
I thank Patrick for his detailed response.
I agree that water vapour is stripped out of the atmosphere as you go higher in the troposphere, because the air is colder. The (average) 78W/m^2 of latent heat (3 times the radiated transfer) goes back into the atmosphere as the vapour condenses, mostly I think in the clouds.
So The Stratosphere shouldn’t have any. But it does, and in higher quantities than the upper Troposphere. I had a look at some radiosonde data. It shows that there is an appreciable increase in water vapour with altitude in the Stratosphere. For example, WV content at 11km and -62.5DegC was 0.02g/kg. At 16km and -56.5DegC it was 0. At 20km and -61DegC it was 0. At 26km and -57DegC it was 0.01. At 30km and -54 it was 0.03. At 34km (end of record) and -44 it was 0.11. The water vapour is all gone by the Tropopause but re-emerges, increasing with height in the Stratosphere.
http://www-das.uwyo.edu/~geerts/cwx/notes/chap01/tropo.html
not every detail here is correct, for example, the coldest part of the atmosphere is not the tropopause where it is highest (which is in low latitudes) or the winter stratosphere over Antarctica, although it is true these are the coldest places below the mesosphere – the actual coldest location is around the summer polar mesopause, where it gets down to below 140 K, or about -133 deg C;
but this part at least seems about right:
The height of the tropopause depends on the location, notably the latitude, as shown in the figure on the right (which shows annual mean conditions). It also depends on the season (1, 2). Thus, it is about 16 km high over Australia at year-end, and between 12 – 16 km at midyear, being lower at the higher latitudes. At latitudes above 60� , the tropopause is less than 9 -10 km above sea level; the lowest is less than 8 km high, above Antarctica and above Siberia and northern Canada in winter. The highest average tropopause is over the oceanic warm pool of the western equatorial Pacific, about 17.5 km high, and over Southeast Asia, during the summer monsoon, the tropopause occasionally peaks above 18 km.
This at least broadly agree with what I remember reading and seeing in textbooks
(Hartmann, p.4 the equatorial tropopause is about 17 km; tropical tropopause is coldest place in the lowest 20 km (except maybe Antarctic winter stratosphere – but not near the tropopause there, see Holton);
Holton, p.404 shows (in the zonal average) the tropical tropopause at about 100 mb height, getting colder than 200 K (-73 deg C) in some latitudes;
Wallace and Hobbs p.27 (older resource) depicts (in the Northern Hemisphere, zonal averae) the tropopause near the equator just above 100 mb (near 17 km to a bit under 18 km, depending on season) and below -75 deg C (~ 198 K) or -80 deg C (~ 193 K), depending on season, near the equator, and at the poles, a little above the 300 mb level and below -50 deg C (~ 223 K) in July and near 300 mb and below – 60 deg C (~ 213 K) in January.
Bluestein, pp. 182-183; implies that the tropopause is typically near 1.5 PVU
(in the extratropics, I assume; in the extratropics, a ‘dynamic(al) tropopause’ can be defined at a particular potential vorticity, such as 1.5 PVU or 2 PVU (skimmed this, looks good: http://ocw.mit.edu/NR/rdonlyres/Earth–Atmospheric–and-Planetary-Sciences/12-803Fall-2009/RelatedResources/MIT12_803F09_PV_maps.pdf ) )
Class notes: the tropopause is about 17 km near the equator and about 7 km at the poles
My explanation about stratospheric water vapor could have been a little clearer:
The point is that, knowing there is not much condensation or precipitation occuring in the stratosphere, water vapor is not generally removed from the air upon cooling. Either there is insufficient nuclei for condensation to occur, or the relative humidity at warmer conditions and lower pressures is low enough that saturation is not attained when that air is cooled and/or compressed (saturation vapor pressure depends on temperature; mixing ratio is conserved in the absence of mixing or precipition and condensation, etc, and for the same mixing ratio, partial pressures decrease with a decrease in total pressure; thus, the saturation mixing ratio increases with height if temperature is constant, and increases even more if temperature increases with height; the cooling that could occur upon descent (or movement to different latitudes) would be radiational, not adiabatic).
It makes sense that this should be the case if all water vapor entering the stratosphere comes through the bottom of the stratosphere, where the saturation mixing ratio tends to be lowest.
But some water vapor could be intraduced at higher warmer levels by oxydation of methane; if this were a large enough source, then air from higher and warmer parts of the stratosphere and above could, upon radiational cooling following descent or horizontal movement, reach saturation and form clouds – if sufficient nuclei were present (of course, clouds would contribute their own radiative properties to the mix). So far as I know, this doesn’t seem to be the case, though, at least not typically, at least not under present conditions.
Class notes on stratospheric water:
rates of addition of water to stratosphere:
Hadley cell: 0.22 trillion kg/yr
Severe storms: 0.8 trillion kg/yr
Oxidation of CH4: 0.1 trillion kg/yr
(compare to global precipitation: approx. 510,000 trillion kg/yr)
concentration of water vapor: 3 ppm
residence time: 1.6 years
The circulation of the upper atmosphere on average is an upward motion out of the troposphere in low latitudes, and upward motion in the mesosphere in the summer high latitudes, and sinking motion in winter high latitudes; it is driven by fluid mechanical waves propagating upward from the troposphere. The adiabatic cooling and warming associated with this motion keeps the summer polar mesopause colder than radiative equilibrium and the winter high latitudes of the mesosphere and stratosphere warmer than radiative equilibrium.
Holton, p.404:
In the tropics, the temperature increases with height from the vicinity of the tropopause to the stratopause; at higher latitudes, the lower stratosphere is nearly isothermal or even has some temperature decrease with height in winter polar regions.
Patrick 027 | April 19, 2010 at 11:20 pm |
… of course, it is hard to define the tropopause with such precision that you could place a piece of paper on it; and so one could define a tropopause zone or layer (there are frontal zones too, although in that case, the whole of the frontal zone is different from what is on either side, whereas a tropopause layer would just be a transition between troposphere and stratosphere) but what is important is that there is a distinction between the troposphere and stratosphere; one way to avoid giving the boundary it’s own mass would be to describe the mass in such a layer as being a mixture of troposphere and stratosphere, though I don’t know if that would be practical; the description of the atmosphere I was presenting assumes the tropopause has no actual thickness, but I think it allows that it’s exact position might not be pinned down to the nearest meter. Anyway, it’s not 5 or 10 or 20 km thick.
(I’m going to continue discussions about the nature of the tropopause (if necessary) and water vapor at the end of the thread)…
… as the lack of LVO doesn’t immediately spread the effect vertically (though horizontal motions and the passage of time will spread the effect at least somewhat in space and time).
PS that would account for the high latitude warming being concentrated near the surface, but the radiative source of that warming includes a surface albedo feedback that is also concentrated into higher latitudes.
Roger Taguchi, via Pete Ridley, said:
“Briefly, the CO2 emission seen over Antarctica (and even more so over the rest of the Earth) is caused by IR frequencies in incoming solar radiation which boost ground state molecules to much higher vibrational levels (e.g. to v=3 in bond-bending mode). These excited molecules can then emit longer wavelength IR photons, in particular the observed CO2 radiation at 670 wavenumbers, as they cascade down to the ground state one vibrational level at a time (e.g. from v =3 to v=2, then from v=2 to v=1, and then from v=1 to v=0). The incoming blackbody solar radiation in the upper atmosphere has enough energy at the relevant frequencies to explain the observed outgoing CO2 emission.”
I agree. Based on the absorption figures, the 15um band is definitely being emitted by CO2 in the Stratosphere, and the most likely sources of energy are absorption of sunlight by CO2 and Ozone in the Stratosphere, which is almost completely thermally and radiatively isolated from the Troposphere by the deep and very cold Tropopause.
“which is almost completely thermally and radiatively isolated from the Troposphere by the deep and very cold Tropopause.”
1. Atmospheric optical thicknesses vary over wavelength; portions of the CO2 band and water vapor bands as well as ozone provide a direct radiative link between much of the stratosphere and much of the troposphere and surface.
2. Of course the upper stratosphere would be cooler if not for solar heating, mainly via ozone. The increase in temperature over height going into the upper stratosphere increases the emission to space from the center of the CO2 band, because the optical thickness at the center of the band is so great. Outside of that region, the source of LW emission to space is less concentrated into the upper atmosphere, and going outward from the center, first, less LW emission comes from the stratopshere as more comes from below, then less from the atmosphere as a whole as some can come from the surface when the optical thickness is not too large. If the upper stratosphere were not directly heated by the sun, the LW flux to space near 15 microns would be less, but it would not be zero.
3. Even if layers are not so much directly radiatively linked, they are indirectly linked by intervening layers. Changes in radiative heating/cooling at one level will cause temperature changes that cause changes in LW emission that cause changes in radiative heating at other levels.
… “the 15um band is definitely being emitted by CO2 in the Stratosphere, and the most likely sources of energy are absorption of sunlight by CO2 and Ozone in the Stratosphere, which is almost completely thermally and radiatively isolated from the Troposphere by the deep and very cold Tropopause.”
At/near 15 microns, the upper stratosphere is relatively insulated radiatively from the troposphere and surface by the lower stratosphere (perhaps this is what some have been refering to as the ‘tropopause layer’ – but the tropopause is just the base of that layer).
But, while it is true that accurate calculation of radiative fluxes as a function of temperature can be done for each wavelength independently of other wavelengths, the full effect of radiative fluxes on temperature is through fluxes over all wavelengths where optical properties allow, and changes in temperature likewise affect radiative emission over all wavelengths allowed by optical properties and the Planck function.
I think Patrick 027 and I are agreeing violently with each other. It is true that every frequency will be different. And I agree that some wing frequencies, unlikely to be absorbed or radiated at any level in the atmosphere, will make it through.
It’s just that for the CO2 frequencies, the main band is the 15um band – the 2.7um and 4.3um bands don’t figure much in the CO2 emission of energy to space.
The strongest (most energetic) emission bands are also those which are absorbed the strongest. At these frequencies half the emissions are absorbed in 25m at ground level, and in the last 0.2% of the atmosphere at the top of the atmosphere. There is zero chance that a photon at the peak frequencies going to Space is coming from anywhere near the Troposphere. It has to be from high in the Stratosphere.
Even at the wing frequencies (say Wavenumbers 600 through 700) the absorption is significant, and not much comes from below the Stratosphere.
I would like to see a calculation of the amount of power emitted to space by CO2 from the Troposphere, Tropopause and Stratosphere. At present my assessment is that the great majority must be emitted from the Stratosphere and that there is only very weak power being emitted from the Troposphere.
Looking at the graphs above, in particular the outgoing LW radiation graphed relative to brightness temperature for 390 ppm:
Roughly estimating from the graph (so give or take a bit), it appears:
Within the 15 micron CO2 band, the brightness temperature hits bottom at about 640/cm to 700/cm
The brightness temperature starts differing from it’s maximum (heading into the CO2 band) around 570/cm and 760/cm
Going from 570/cm to 640/cm, and going from 760/cm to 700/cm, less and less LW radiation reaching space comes from the surface, and, at first, more and more from the troposphere, and then less from the troposphere and more from the stratosphere. At some point around 640/cm and 700/cm (though maybe not corresponding to the exact minima in brightness temperature), a majority comes from the stratosphere; and within that, a range where almost none comes from below the tropopause. But going into this range, what happens first is that most of the upward flux at the tropopause (from below) is absorbed within the stratosphere – more in the lower stratosphere, but with some still absorbed in the upper stratosphere. The point where nearly all fluxes across the tropopause are absorbed rather nearby is limited to smaller range of wavelengths.
There is a range of wavelengths in the center of the CO2 band where additional CO2 doesn’t cause much of a change, because the downward flux from above can’t be increased much more and the upward flux from below is coming from a rather short distance away. The radiative forcing caused by an increase in CO2 is caused by what happens outside that range. As more CO2 is added, this central portion where the tropopause level forcing is saturated expands, but so does the region where opacity has a significant effect – the wings expand outward, and so the intervals where adding yet more CO2 has an effect are still there, just shifted outward from the center. In effect, each doubling of CO2 tends to have a similar effect in widenning the band; the amount of widenning can be multiplied by the difference in fluxes between 1.where there is no opacity from CO2 and 2.where the CO2 effect is saturated, and that is approximately the radiative forcing (It’s not exact because the spectrum has some deviations from a triangular log(optical thickness) vs wavenumber or wavelength; and maybe a couple other things). The difference is reduced through a change in 1. by water vapor and clouds, but a difference between 1 and 2 remains. (Most of the water vapor and cloud overlap with CO2 only affects the upward flux at the tropopause; There is some significant, but not large, optical thickness from water vapor over some wavelengths within the stratosphere, but near the CO2 band, the little bit of stratospheric water vapor is nearly transparent).
Re https://chriscolose.wordpress.com/2010/02/18/greenhouse-effect-revisited/#comment-2248
That radiosonde info:
.11 g/kg (H2O/air) * 29/18 (g/mol air/ g/mol H2O) ~= 180 ppm (molar fraction) H2O/air
That’s really large for the stratosphere, isn’t it?
Do you think this radiosonde is representative of typical conditions?
How did the water get there? Was it methane oxydation? Something else?
PS I was going to suggest that, depending on how the trajectories enter and exit the stratosphere, it would be conceivable that water vapor concentration could decrease with height above the tropopause for some range (because of the limited penetration of injections by severe thunderstorms and … mixing across jets?). Water vapor injected into the stratosphere into regions where the air is only a short distance and time away from reentry into the troposphere would tend to not reach higher up.
Colin | April 21, 2010 at 12:42 am | Reply
I thank Patrick 027 for his comments. I was also suprised.
See this site: http://weather.uwyo.edu/upperair/sounding.html
Have a look at: http://weather.uwyo.edu/cgi-bin/sounding?region=naconf&TYPE=TEXT%3ALIST&YEAR=2010&MONTH=04&FROM=2100&TO=2100&STNM=71867 which is from Manitoba,
and http://weather.uwyo.edu/cgi-bin/sounding?region=naconf&TYPE=TEXT%3ALIST&YEAR=2010&MONTH=04&FROM=2100&TO=2100&STNM=72582 which I think is from Nevada,
and http://weather.uwyo.edu/cgi-bin/sounding?region=naconf&TYPE=TEXT%3ALIST&YEAR=2010&MONTH=04&FROM=2100&TO=2100&STNM=91285 which I think is Hawaii .
All these show increasing water vapour in the Stratosphere.
There’s also the high artcic http://weather.uwyo.edu/cgi-bin/sounding?region=naconf&TYPE=TEXT%3ALIST&YEAR=2010&MONTH=04&FROM=2100&TO=2100&STNM=71924 somewhere near Elsmore Is, which is quite different.
As I said, I was quite taken aback. I can’t see any mechanism for water vapour to get into the high Stratosphere, nor can I explain the increasing amount as you go higher – there doesn’t seem to be a pathway from the Troposphere. The explanation might be an extraterrestial source or (and appositely of the moment!!) volcanic eruptions.
Some further observations/thoughts.
1. Many sites seem to show the same thing, increasing water vapour with height beyong the Tropopause.
2. Is it possible that this is due to leakage from the tropics?
Re Colin H2O in upper stratosphere –
Okay, I see what you mean. It looks weird to me. Systemic instrumental errors at low pressures?
Oxidation of CH4 is an option (not knowing if it would pan out, though) for persistent enhanced water vapor above the tropopause; otherwise it makes more sense for water vapor to remain steady (in g/kg) or decrease away from the tropopause into the stratosphere, so far as I know.
What becomes problematic is explaining how water vapor could accumulate to such high mixing ratios in the upper stratosphere without somewhere at sometime having those same mixing ratios appear in the lower stratosphere as the Brewer-Dobson circulation brings it back down at high latitudes. If the water vapor were patchy to begin with, it could be mixed horizontally before coming down; or maybe there is some vertical mixing (weaker than in the troposphere) that brings it down without maintaining the high concentrations … but this doesn’t fit what I thought. It’s puzzling to me. I’d want to know if there is a known bias or inaccuracy in the measurements at lower pressures.
Colin | April 22, 2010 at 7:26 pm | Reply
I agree with Patrick 027, but it could also be a temperature bias in the instrumentation: higher temperature = higher reading.
Is Chris aware of errors in water vapour measurement at very high altitudes, or any scientific discussion of these results? I had a brief look on google, (avoiding everything talking about global warming, climate change and greenhouse effect) and the general consensus on water vapour in the stratosphere is that there isn’t any.
But there are the polar clouds (diamond dust?) and the noctiluminescent clouds.
… or could ozone be tricking the instrument (I don’t know the actual method of measurement used)?
Bill S | April 22, 2010 at 2:45 pm | Reply
Hi–first-time poster, hope this is in the right place.
In the earth energy budget diagrams, why is ALL of the back radiation (~320W m-2) absorbed by the earth’s surface? I realize that it’s at a different wavelength than the solar coming in, but some of that is reflected (30 out of ~200W m-2), so why shouldn’t some of the back radiation be reflected? Or is it just that they don’t or can’t measure reflected back-radiation?
And a related question, is the absorption the same for land as well as ocean?
Thanks in advance for any answers.
Response: Reflection of infrared radiation is generally an insignificant term on an Earthlike planet. In other atmospheres, such as Venus, you’d find that the reflection of infrared is a major term, however. The Kiehl, Trenberth, Fasullo type figures assume unit emissivity in the IR, which for most solid and liquid surfaces, is an excellent approximation, although in some cases it does introduce important error (emissivity is lowest in desert regions for example). The error at the surface could be on the order of about 5 W m-2 as discussed in their paper. Reflection in the visible, however, is very important. As for land vs. ocean surfaces, this depends on the surface (e.g., ice is very reflective, a parking lot is very absorbing), and for water also depends on the solar angle.– chris
It’s too bad that one can’t remove the water vapor above 11 km as well as the N20 in Archer’s MODTRAN interface. You could then get rid of almost all the bumps and wiggles.
Don’t cirrus clouds have significant reflectivity of IR between 20 and 30 micrometers. I seem to remember that the lack of contrails over the North Pole immediately after 9/11/2001 had a measurable effect.
Response: Cirrus clouds mostly cause a warming effect through IR absorption. I don’t know where (if) their IR scattering influence ever becomes important or how things changed after 9/11. By the way, you can take water vapor out of the atmosphere although not above a particular altitude, although you can change the level at which the sensor is reading from and the upper levels are pretty dry– chris
DeWitt Payne | June 20, 2010 at 10:11 pm | Reply
I calculated spectra for mid-latitude summer with and without standard cirrus model clouds and subtracted the emission without from with. It mostly fits a 230 K Planck curve with an emissivity of 0.145 so there doesn’t look to be any significant reflection. There was a brief communication in Nature about an increase in the diurnal temperature range for 9/11-14 compared to the three days before and after.
http://facstaff.uww.edu/travisd/pdf/jetcontrailsrecentresearch.pdf
Rob Johnson | August 10, 2010 at 12:09 am | Reply
Giant Fail. There is no discussion of heat capacity. Ask the “physicist” what the temperatures are of the various layers of the atmosphere as it just might surprise all of you. Temperature does not equal heat. Ask a plasma physicist There is no understanding about how heat capacity of the surface gas is impacted. Second, there is no discussion of the conductive nature of gases when contacting a surface. Note that there is more O2 and N2 and these gases can absorb thermal energy from the earth just by contacting it’s surface. Don’t believe me…take your vacuum thermos, fill it with hot water, and pump in some N2 to eliminate the vacuum. No more hot water 1 hour later. Why?? A nitrogen molecule can absorb all manner of thermal kinetic energy. If a CO2 molecule happens to get exicited with a 15 um photon, rare though they are, it can give it up with the same photon or give it up thermally. The post fails in other areas, it’s a known fact that the sun emits at 15um and all other wavelengths that are of interest. If more CO2 is preventing that energy from reaching the ground then the earth is cooler to start. Net change…zero!! In fact, if that energy is absorbed higher up in the atmosphere the earth will be cooler. Lastly, 5th grade science students were given a mirror, a lamp without a shade, and a white piece of paper. The mirror was held at a distance away, perpendicular to the plane between the paper and lamp. The paper is viewed without the mirror and with the mirror in place. The purpose of the mirror was, you guessed it, to simulate radiative forcing. If radiative forcing were real, the reflected light from the paper would get re-reflected off the mirror and back on to the paper and make it look brighter. Guess what didn’t happen. Remember this folks, a concensus of scientists said a rocket wouldn’t work in a vacuum. There’s nothing to push against….
Response: This is all confused. First, conduction is only really important at a very thin layer near the ground, and it’s an important component for surface exchange to the air right above it, but it’s not a component of the greenhouse effect. I seen no reason to squeeze a textbook of atmospheric physics into a blog post. Also, CO2 does absorb very small amounts of solar radiation but it’s extremely small relative to the upwelling longwave component;unless you are doing a detailed line by line calculation (as is done in Myhre et al 1998 for instance) it can be neglected. Once again this is more of a technical issue that needn’t be included in an introductory post. The rest of your post makes no sense whatsoever– chris
abdominal trainer | September 17, 2010 at 1:02 am | Reply
The reference to coal power plants just reemphasises the need for more and new nuclear plants to replace all the wasteful, polluting plants.
mississauga personal trainer | October 1, 2010 at 5:50 am | Reply
Unless I’m mistaken… “Greenhouse Gasses” work differently than glass; they also block heat rays from getting to the earth? If so, having more “greenhouse gasses” means that more heat rays reflect back into space at the same ratio of In vs Out… Therefore if all things remain relatively constant; It is simply an issue of the sun. When our sun is hotter the earth gets hotter, when the sun is colder we are colder. Of course big variables do exist; but I think they are primarily in outer space and well beyond our control.
Patrick 027 | October 3, 2010 at 11:50 am | Reply
Yes, greenhouse gases work differently than glass, but they (along with blankets/coats) have broadly similar effects in that they slow the rate at which heat can flow out from a warmer place (the climate system, a greenhouse, a body, a house, etc.) to a colder place or heat sink (space, outside air, surroundings), without affecting the rate of heat input (solar heating, metabolism, heat from people, furnaces and appliances (in a house), etc.)**. If the heat is supplied at the same rate and the rate of heat loss is changed, then heat will build up or become depleted until the flows balance (because the outflow of heat responds to the concentration of heat – a larger temperature gradient drives more heat flow through conduction and possibly convection (neither of which can usually carry significant amounts of heat to space from a planet, conduction being important only at the surface and within the land material (and in transfer of heat between air and particles within the air) and generally lumped together with convection in discussing climate, and global average convection is largely limited to the troposphere (so that the troposphere+surface tend to warm up or cool down together in response to radiant energy flows in and out of the tropopause), with deviations from that pattern which can be understood and predicted); larger temperature differences among emitters and absorbers of radiation drive a larger radiant heat flow (Planck response)). If the impedance of temperature-dependent heat outflow is not changed but the heat input is, then heat will again build up or become depleted until a balance is reached.
** Actual greenhouse gases and agents can also affect solar heating, but the two effects can be considered seperate processes; the effect on solar heating is not part of the ‘greenhouse effect’. CO2’s effect is mainly as a greenhouse gas; water vapor absorbs a signifcant amount of solar radiation, but this doesn’t have much effect on the energy balance of the surface+troposphere, except to the extent that it absorbs radiation that would otherwise have been reflected; water vapor’s greenhouse effect could be considered more important. Clouds’ effect on solar heating and greenhouse effect are generally both important.
Greenhouse gases and water clouds on Earth produce a greenhouse effect primarily by absorbing and emitting radiation; scattering (like reflection) is minor, though in other conditions (such as an extremely cold planet with dry-ice clouds) it can become important and a greenhouse effect could theoretically be based purely on scattering/reflection. On Earth, scattering and absorption are both important in affecting solar radiation.
Pete Ridley | October 2, 2010 at 5:09 am | Reply
Mississauga, you are to be commended for not simply accepting what others tell you but are prepared to think for yourself about the issue. Always check out the background and qualifications of self-appointed “experts”. Chris may have been taught more than you about this topic but he has not learnt everything yet. Even qualified research scientists have an awful lot to learn before being able to claim a proper understanding of the processes and drivers of global climates and there is significant disagreement between the different “experts”. A good example of this is the exchange last April involving two Adelaide University Professors, Barry Brook and Ian Plimer.
Brook, a staunch supporter of The (significant human-made global climate change) Hypothesis and chief scientific advisor to the last Australian Government, has acknowledged (Note 1) “There are a lot of uncertainties in science, and it is indeed likely that the current consensus on some points of climate science is wrong, or at least sufficiently uncertain that we don’t know anything much useful about processes or drivers”. Even the qualified experts disagree. Brooks made that comment in an article in which he was ridiculing the book “Heaven and Earth” in which Plimer challenges the validity of The Hypothesis.
Keep researching and developing your own understanding and don’t be fooled by claims of consensus, which has no relevance in science. A good starting point for you is The International Climate Science Coalition (Note 2) where you can find help from recognised professionals on most aspects of climate change.
edit— blabbering nonsense
Michele | October 4, 2010 at 4:30 am | Reply
“The effective height “H” above … moves higher as the opacity in increased in that region.”
Obviously, if that’s right, the total energy accumulated into the atmosphere would increase.
1) The Earth’s atmosphere without GHGs, would be perfectly transparent to incoming and outgoing radiation, in thermal equilibrium with the surface and all at the same temperature Teff=255K. The total energy accumulated into the atmosphere would be E=255*Catm, where the last in the atmospheric thermal capacity.
2) The Standard Atmosphere Computations at
http://www.desktop.aero/appliedaero/appendices/stdatm.html
give for H=5475 m, P=50679 Pa (half a bar) and T=253 K. In other words, the under half atmospheric mass is warmer than 253K, whereas the remaining above half is colder than 253K. Then the total energy would be E=253*Catm, in practice the same of the isothermal atmosphere at point 1).
3) That means that GHG’s acting for millions of years hasn’t changed the atmosphere’s energy, the GHG’s effect is only to rotate the temperature gradient around the middle of atmosphere!!
That’s amazing, but then, what will happen to GW?
edit– Do you say to yourself “hey! Fresh prey” when someone who appears uncertain comes along, and then proceed to pounce with full force with the objective of confusing them? Please, do it elsewhere.
Dick Smith | December 18, 2010 at 9:52 am | Reply
In your comments above you say that the Models are consistent with the observations. The Hadcut data show Global Temperatures increasing at 1.1C per century for the period from just after WW II when CO2 Concentrations began to rise at a reasonably steady rate through 2010. This is considerably different than the 1.5 to 4.5 C from the models, particularly when one considers that the lower end of the range is for a slowing rate of CO2 emissions.
Response: The numbers you quote sound much more like the expected equilibrium sensitivity for a doubling of CO2, not the effects at the year 2010 (which is neither in equilibrium nor at a doubling of pre-industrial CO2)– chris.
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What is the significance of Noah, after the flood, getting drunk and cursing his son who saw him Naked? [closed]
A strange passage in the beginning of Genesis contains the account of Noah who, after surviving the flood, planted a vineyard and made wine. After he drank the wine and became drunk one of his sons (Ham) sees him naked, tells his two brothers about it and they cover Noah up. After Noah wakes up he figures out what has gone on while he is asleep and curses Ham and his descendants.
Here is the passage: Genesis 9:20-27 (KJV)
20 And Noah began to be an husbandman, and he planted a vineyard: 21 And he drank of the wine, and was drunken; and he was uncovered within his tent. 22 And Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of his father, and told his two brethren without. 23 And Shem and Japheth took a garment, and laid it upon both their shoulders, and went backward, and covered the nakedness of their father; and their faces were backward, and they saw not their father's nakedness. 24 And Noah awoke from his wine, and knew what his younger son had done unto him. 25 And he said, Cursed be Canaan; a servant of servants shall he be unto his brethren. 26 And he said, Blessed be the LORD God of Shem; and Canaan shall be his servant. 27 God shall enlarge Japheth, and he shall dwell in the tents of Shem; and Canaan shall be his servant.
What is meaning/significance of this passage? I have heard that it was used to justify slavery in the 17th and 18th century. I suspect that the Israelites used it to justify their invasion of Canaan in ancient times.
Is there not a better, more spiritual or redemptive interpretation on this passage?
wine alcohol noah
aceinthehole
aceintheholeaceinthehole
closed as primarily opinion-based by curiousdannii, Nathaniel♦ Nov 15 '18 at 15:20
I think it's safe to say that Noah's work was emotionally taxing- the near extinction of the human race, even in judgement, is tragic. I'm of the opinion that, being a righteous man, Noah loved people. Shutting them off from the Ark, and therefore life, is a dilemma he could only bear by the grace of God. I don't think he was celebrating, as one answer suggests. – Andrew Aug 1 '14 at 5:35
I certainly think the clarify of the passage is a bit lacking.
As I understand verse 22, Ham "saw" the nakedness of his father...perhaps not just as in accidentally, but more of a deeper "examination" of his fathers nakedness? There is no mention of what Ham's thinking was...perverse or spiteful...disrespectful...but I think the difference between Ham's attitude and his brothers attitude in relation to their father's state is clearer given the rest of verse 22, and verse 23: Ham told his brothers...jokingly, mockingly, making fun of his father?...and his brothers in turn respectfully covered their father without looking at him at all.
There is probably some facet of culture not included in biblical text here, but it does seem clear the difference between Ham's "seeing" and his brothers "backing in, faces turned away, and covering their father" that gave Noah reason to curse Ham's offspring, and bless Japheth and Shem. While it may not usually end up with a curse, I believe the same kind of behavior from a mans son's today would result in some kind of punishment for a son that showed a lack of respect to a father, regardless of whether that father's own choices resulted in a disappointing state. Children respecting their fathers is a fundamental teaching of the bible.
jristajrista
The Bible does not utterly explain this. Some suggest theories that Ham did something evil during Noah's sleep and that was the reason for the curse, but it's all speculation. I'd rather think that the Bible would tell us if there was a good reason.
The way I see it, Noah was drunk and naked, i.e. in quite an inappropriate state -- of his own fault. When he awoke with a hangover, he was quite cranky and didn't want to take responsibility for his own actions, so he blamed Ham and cursed his grandson. This just goes to show that we people aren't always very righteous. (I personally can somehow relate to what Noah probably felt like.)
The fact that this passage has been used to promote abuse of other people, goes to show again the sinful, unrighteous ways of man.
dancekdancek
Noah was in his own private tent after a hard earned celebration of rescuing all land bound life in the world, with wine he had grown, pressed, and fermented by his own hard efforts, and then his thoughtless son just storms into his private tent as his father slept off the celebrations of the evening, got an eyeful and proceeded to make a big deal about it to his far more respectful brothers, thus causing them to worry unnecessarily, and thus outraging his father who had thought better of his son that to disrespect him like that; that's what the passage says.
Where people get tripped up is
Our modern culture's insensitivity of inappropriate and disrespectful behavior from our offspring, calling outright rebellion and lack of regard for elder-ship "maturity" and "exploration", when what our youth really need is guidance and discipline; and
Judging Noah for drinking when drinking isn't a sin; being a drunkard is however, and just because you get drunk every once in a while, like right after you save the biological world doesn't mean you're a drunkard
Alex GibsonAlex Gibson
Welcome to C.SE! If you haven't already, read the about page. I'm not sure that I agree with you on everything, but the first point about our modern culture that you made was very interesting. For more on writing an answer, go here. – Byzantine Oct 19 '13 at 14:09
First of all, Noah did not curse Ham, but his son, Canaan. Ham is the father of the African People, but Canaan was the father of the Canaanites who lived in Palestine.
Why did God curse Canaan?
Most probable explanation is that Noah forsaw the sinfulness which will spread thorugh him to Canaanites. Canaanites are the ones who did not seek peace treaty with Israel, and Canaanites were the ones of sinners.
Noah did not curse Canaan, but instead in my opinion he made a prophecy about things that will come through Ham's sinful nature.
Phonics The HedgehogPhonics The Hedgehog
Can you provide some references please? – John Aug 26 '11 at 2:14
How do you get from "Cursed be Canaan" to "in my opinion he didn't curse him"? – Caleb♦ Aug 26 '11 at 9:17
@ Caleb Clearly that's a curse, but am inclined to think that Noah's anger was because Ham did not cover him up. Perhaps it was a taboo as Jrista tries to put it. But that aside, 'Saw' and 'looked', 'heard' and 'listened' the first actions of each pair is involuntary whiles the latter is of purpose. Ham did no wrong seeing but did wrong not covering his father's nakedness. – Nok Apr 5 '12 at 21:45
When anyone is naked it shows a vulnerable side of them especially when Noah was in a vulnerable stage. He was drunk obviously woke up feeling a bit shameful. He maybe wondered who covered Him as he was waking up like some of us today who wonder who tended to us when we had too much to drink. As he was investigating he learned One of His son did not tend to Him and saw him in his nakedness and mocked Him in His shame, He was upset and cursed His son son. Which goes to show the power of cursing and that it can pass on from generations to generations. I think this verse places emphasis on the power of cursing and that despite God saving Noah's family from a flood and despite God wiping out everyone who sinned, things are not fine and dandy but that we are still a cursed human race. Ultimately the curse of Adam and Eve was still in effect. We can kind of compare this whole nakedness to Adam and Eve. After eating the apple they both realized they were naked and blamed someone other than themselves for their sin. Noah got drunk and got upset with His son maybe blamed Him a bit for His shortcomings. After Adam and Eve sinned They were cursed. In all nothing can undo a curse from the beginning not even a flood. A curse is generational. Only one to undo a curse is the one who created it which is God Himself. That's why He sent Jesus down to take away our sin and shame that came from Our forefathers.
PK YangPK Yang
Welcome to the site! This answer would be a lot better if you could add references showing that this is a common understanding, and who teaches/believes it. On this site, we're not looking for personal interpretation, but rather focusing on what various Christian groups teach. See How we are different than other sites? and What makes a good supported answer? – David Stratton Jul 23 '14 at 4:14
We can do worse than to refer to Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary on the latter half of this passage (though we will need to make some allowances for 17th century English) because I think he expands on a useful point:
Noah declares a curse on Canaan, the son of Ham; perhaps this grandson of his was more guilty than the rest. A servant of servants, that is, The meanest and most despicable servant, shall he be, even to his brethren. This certainly points at the victories in after-times obtained by Israel over the Canaanites, by which they were put to the sword, or brought to pay tribute. The whole continent of Africa was peopled mostly by the descendants of Ham; and for how many ages have the better parts of that country lain under the dominion of the Romans, then of the Saracens, and now of the Turks! In what wickedness, ignorance, barbarity, slavery, and misery most of the inhabitants live! And of the poor negroes, how many every year are sold and bought, like beasts in the market, and conveyed from one quarter of the world to do the work of beasts in another! But this in no way excuses the covetousness and barbarity of those who enrich themselves with the product of their sweat and blood. God has not commanded us to enslave negroes; and, without doubt, he will severely punish all such cruel wrongs. The fulfilment of this prophecy, which contains almost a history of the world, frees Noah from the suspicion of having uttered it from personal anger. It fully proves that the Holy Spirit took occasion from Ham's offence to reveal his secret purposes. (Source)
Noah was no doubt embarrassed by and aghast at Ham's lack of respect for him. He might have uttered his curse in anger. I think what Matthew Henry is saying is that it was not just a matter of personal anger. We can see his utterances as prophetic in roughly the way Jacob's blessing of his sons was also prophetic.
PeterPeter
I personally feel there were several plausible reasons why Noah got drunk, aside from the reasons I think it's more important to attempt to examine the spiritual reasons for the story being told in the first place. I tend to believe that with drinking and substance usage being so prevalent in society that God knew it would be a pretty big issue for people someday.
I could be wrong but what I got out of it is that God wants us to know that, while we are instructed not to be drunkards and to be of a sound mind and sober. Maybe God knew that there would be problems that would cause some people to fall once in awhile. He doesn't want us to fall into sin and get drunk or high but he does want us to know it happens due to things like stress chronic pain emotional pain and many other triggers. if these things catch us off guard the message is even the people of God occasionally fall in this area so if it ever happens to one of us repent and move on.
Narnian
Welcome to the site! This next is just standard to help new visitors avoid misunderstanding the site (as I did at first.) As a new visitor, I'd recommend checking out the following two posts, which are meant to help newcomers "learn the ropes": help page and How we are different than other sites? – David Stratton Nov 22 '13 at 1:39
That said, your answers will get a better reception if you use correct spelling and basic grammar/capitalization in addition to following the guidelines outlined in the links provided. – David Stratton Nov 22 '13 at 1:40
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged wine alcohol noah or ask your own question.
What is the relationship between Gabriel and Noah in LDS/Mormon teaching?
Why was Ham cursed for seeing his father naked?
How do Covenant Theologians explain the Noahic covenant?
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homeFaith
Rick Warren's Saddleback celebrates its 50,000th baptism
Staff Writer 15 August, 2018
((Saddleback Church))
Rick Warren's Saddleback Church has celebrated baptising its 50,000th person on Sunday.
In an email to the congregation before the service, Warren said reaching the milestone 'brought tears to my eyes'.
Saddleback, in Lake Forest, California, now one of the largest evangelical churches in the US, began 38 years ago. Warren has become a leading figure in the evangelical world, known for his books The Purpose-Driven Life and The Purpose-Driven Church.
Standing in the main baptismal pool yesterday, a visibly moved Warren reflected on the church's first service in 1980.
'That first Sunday six people gave their lives to Christ, and six weeks later, I baptised the first nine people,' he said.
Saddleback was a pioneer in church growth, one of the first in the US to marry large weekend gatherings with small group meetings in homes on a large scale.
Eventually more people were meeting in weekly home Bible studies than in the weekly church services (nearly 40,000). In 1993, it became the first church to embrace the internet as a tool for evangelism.
Saddleback Church is also the founder of Celebrate Recovery, which has trained over 100,000 leaders in its approach to helping those struggling with addiction or other 'hurts, habits, and hang-ups'.
It once decided to feed every homeless person in Orange County for 30 days. Nearly 10,000 members of the congregation participated in the initiative, preparing over 125,000 meals for those in need.
Source: Christian Today
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Warren, Irene
The Elementary School Journal, 01 April 1915, Vol.15(8), pp.443-444 [Peer Reviewed Journal]
The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.
The Elementary School Journal, 1 April 1915, Vol.15(8), pp.443-444 [Peer Reviewed Journal]
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Matthew Sisk 11
Romain Mensan 2
Danielle Wood 1
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Dental School 1
Self 16[remove]
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CDS | Annual Report AY 2014 2015
Summary of CDS activities for Academic Year 2014 - 2015.
CDS | Annual Report AY 2013 - 2014
Summary of CDS activities during Academic Year 2013 - 2014.
Involving Students in Community Based Mapping Projects at the University of Notre Dame
Matthew Sisk, Danielle Wood
Community-Based Research is a collaborative approach to research where academic researchers, community members, and organizations are involved in the development, implementation and dissemination of research. Such projects are often designed to promote positive change in particular areas of the community. Here we report on a two-year old community-based research project through the University of Notre Dame’s Center for Digital Scholarship and Center for Social Concerns. Working with the…
A Pilot Survey of Dental Student and Dental School Faculty/Staff Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions of Barriers/Facilitators Related to Conducting Rapid Oral HIV Testing in a Dental School Setting
BACKGROUND In 2006, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued revisions to its 2001 guidelines for HIV counseling and testing, removing the pre-test written consent and prevention counseling requirements, and expanding the role of health care providers/settings. The aim of these revisions is to increase rates of early diagnosis of HIV via the routinization of HIV testing. Despite the publication and promotion of the CDC’s revisions, and the existence of simple and safe Food and …
Public Health, HIV, Dental School, CDC
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
RGT2011Units
Matthew Sisk
A GIS file of the units at Regismont. A Paleolithic site in southern France.
RGT2011TopoPointsLimits
A series of topographic and unit boundaries taken during the summer of 2011 at Regismont-le-haut. A Paleolithic site in southern France
Romain Mensan, Matthew Sisk
À la fin de la campagne 2006 nous avons atteint le niveau archéologique de base sur les bandes G-H-I/12-13 du secteur sud de l’abri Castanet. Nous avons pu mettre en évidence des variations latérales de faciès du niveau, dû à la topographie du substrat de l’abri, aux activités anthropiques et également à des phénomènes post-dépositionnels. À la fin de la campagne 2006 la zone fouillée se présente comme suit (rapport Castanet 2006) : Une structure principale (114 : structure de combustion ?, I…
Dans le cadre de notre intervention dans l’abri Castanet, nous nous sommes intéressés aux campagnes de fouilles effectuées de 1994 à 1998. Les premières opérations ont été faites dans la zone de l’abri anciennement fouillée par M. Castanet et D. Peyrony, située au Nord de la zone actuellement fouillée.
Settlement and Site Location in the Middle and Upper Paleolithic of the Vézère Valley, France
Human settlement is guided by a suite of economic and social decisions. Hunter-gatherer populations are not restricted by extensive ownership and often focus settlement on important resources. Analysis of settlement patterns left by these groups reveals key information about subsistence and sociality. Patterning among modern groups is extremely varied and represents a dynamic and adaptable land-use strategy. The antiquity of this adaptability is unknown, but comparisons with the patterns left…
The Geographic Imagination of Civil War Era American Fiction
Matthew Wilkens
Pre-publication manuscript draft of “The Geographic Imagination of Civil War Era Fiction,” American Literary History (25.4, 2013, pp. 803-40).
What follows is an example of such hybrid, computationally assisted scholarship. It begins with a question: How can we define and assess the “geographic imagination” of American fiction around the Civil War, and how did the geographic investments of American literature change across that sociopolitical event? It is, at first order, an interv…
European Upper Paleolithic Stone Tool Typology: An annotated translation of the de Sonneville-Bordes and Perrot typology
Matthew Sisk, John J. Shea
The “Origin of Modern Humans”, the “Great Leap Forward”, the “Human Revolution" –are but a few of the terms used to describe the Upper Paleolithic Period in Europe (45,000-11,000 BP). There, and in and contiguous parts of western Asia, the Upper Paleolithic Period preserves the first consistent evidence for several distinctively human behaviors (i.e., behaviors that appear to have evolved uniquely among Homo sapiens). These behaviors include systematic production of personal ornaments,…
Abri Castanet Report 2011: 7. 1 Travaux topographiques et de modélisations
Report section on topographic and modelization work done at the sites of Abri Castanet and Abri Blanchard in Dordogne, France
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Home Sports LeBron James and the Lakers Are All In for a Wide-Open 2019-20
LeBron James and the Lakers Are All In for a Wide-Open 2019-20
The Toronto Raptors, less than 48 hours removed from winning their first N.B.A. championship, were still partying in Las Vegas on Saturday when LeBron James, in his own incomparable way, broadcast his gravitational pull on the rest of the league.
On Instagram, James took a break from posting photographs of his children and his agent and his luggage to share a new one: an illustrated portrait of himself standing next to Anthony Davis, his soon-to-be teammate, both of them wearing Lakers uniforms.
“Just the beginning,” James wrote in the caption.
The beginning of a huge experiment. The beginning of an enormous gamble. The beginning of frenzied speculation about next season, even before the embers had cooled on the last one.
For months, James had made it clear that he wanted the Lakers to acquire Davis, one of the league’s best big men. On Saturday, the Lakers obliged by agreeing to a deal with the New Orleans Pelicans, who will send Davis to Los Angeles for three of the Lakers’ most promising young players — Brandon Ingram, Lonzo Ball and Josh Hart — and three first-round picks, including the No. 4 pick in Thursday’s draft.
It was a deal the Lakers needed to make. Not only did it please James, a four-time most valuable player whose career has an expiration date, but it gave the team a chance of vying for championships after months of dysfunction. Forgotten, for now, is the team’s playoff-free season — its sixth in a row — and all the front-office infighting and the fan protests at Staples Center.
The Lakers have more work to do, of course: It is unclear whether they will have enough cap space to sign a top-line free agent like Boston’s Kyrie Irving or Charlotte’s Kemba Walker to a maximum contract this summer. But next season is shaping up as something of a free-for-all. The Golden State Warriors dynasty has crumbled. The Raptors could lose Kawhi Leonard in free agency. And the Lakers, in a move fitting with the team’s past, are seizing an opportunity to throw their weight behind a superstar partnership, even if that requires mortgaging much of their future.
The deal is vaguely reminiscent of the 2013 trade between the Nets and the Celtics, in which the Nets gave up a boatload of future assets, including three first-round picks, for Kevin Garnett, Paul Pierce and a couple of other pieces. Garnett and Pierce were aging stars who helped nudge the Nets into the Eastern Conference semifinals in 2014.
But it was otherwise a colossal disaster for the Nets, and one of the most mocked trades in league history. Absent draft picks and the ability to build around youth, the Nets had the payroll of a contender while enduring four straight losing seasons — a run of futility that didn’t end until this season thanks to the patient craftsmanship of General Manager Sean Marks and Coach Kenny Atkinson.
The Lakers, though, could not afford to be patient, and everyone knew it, including the Pelicans, a team swimming in leverage. James exerted a unique pressure on the Lakers to win now, to trade for another top-shelf star, no matter the long-term costs. And those costs could be significant. Are they worth it? That depends.
Unlike Pierce and Garnett, who were in decline when they joined the Nets, Davis is an ascendant star at 26. He will presumably be one of the faces — and then the face — of the Lakers for years to come. But the Lakers will be leaning on free agency to round out their roster well into the next decade, a perilous strategy.
As for the James-Davis pairing, the championship dream hinges in large part on whether James can maintain his ultrahigh level of play. He has spent the later part of his career defying the corrosive effects of playing in so many games over so many long seasons. He will enter next season, his 17th, as the league’s active leader in minutes played. Consider that this past season, just five players from his draft class were active — including Dwyane Wade, who just retired, and Carmelo Anthony, who might as well.
It is easy to forget that James is not a young man by N.B.A. standards — or at least it was easy to forget until he tore a muscle in his groin on Christmas Day. It was the first major injury of his career. He wound up missing a huge chunk of the second half of the season and watched the playoffs from home for the first time since 2005.
When healthy, though, James was doing LeBron-type things, averaging 27.4 points, 8.5 rebounds and 8.3 assists in 55 games. With the Pelicans, Davis averaged 25.9 points, 12 rebounds and 2.4 blocks in 56 games. To state the obvious: They could be a fearsome duo.
But the Lakers also desperately need depth, shooting, a point guard and continued development from Kyle Kuzma, the one promising player they managed to retain. They also need James to keep his limbs intact. The team would perhaps be wise to adopt the “load management” strategy that the Raptors used this season to preserve Leonard for the playoffs.
That would be asking the Lakers to exercise prudence, though, something the team has steadfastly avoided not just in recent seasons, but going back decades.
For a team that has always seemed bent on big moves at any price, it might be a nice change of pace.
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Viacom Ignores Promise: Sends Bogus Takedowns To YouTube
(Via Techdirt.)
Viacom Ignores Promise: Sends Bogus Takedowns To YouTube: “You may recall that back before it sued YouTube, Viacom sent the company 100,000 takedown notices, many of which turned out not to violate Viacom’s copyrights. At first, Viacom tried to brush it off as totally innocent collateral damage, but after the EFF filed a lawsuit pointing out that false positives violate the part of the DMCA where each takedown must swear that the sender is the legitimate copyright holder, Viacom not only backed down, but promised to be much more careful with its takedowns. Specifically, it promised to actually review each video before sending a takedown.
However, it now appears that Viacom may not be living up to that promise. Consumerist notes that Viacom has taken down an independent filmmakers’ movie to which it has no copyright claims whatsoever. The animation in question was the woman’s senior project, and was not a Viacom property at all.
The video remains up for now, but Viacom now gets access to all the viewership stats on a video property it has no rights over, and the filmmaker, Joanna Davidovich, is rightfully worried that the movie is going to get taken down by a big media company who has no right to it at all.
Update: Viacom has now apologized and admitted its mistake, claiming that the video had been included in a Viacom film festival, and Viacom didn’t realize that they did not retain the copyrights to the material. While the filmmaker in question is satisfied with this result, it’s still quite questionable. Viacom still filed a false takedown notice after specifically promising that it would not. Filing false takedowns, even done with good intentions is still a violation of the DMCA and can be quite chilling to content creators.
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Basketball, Sports
Former Raptors guard Danny Green gets robbed while in Vancouver
Rob Williams Jul 10, 2019 12:58 pm 62,584
Toronto Raptors / Twitter
Danny Green got a rude welcome to Vancouver last week.
After winning an NBA championship with the Toronto Raptors, Green visited Canada’s west coast to do a pair of autograph signings and run a basketball camp for kids.
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While he and his entourage were getting settled — he was staying in a hotel but others were in an Airbnb — he was robbed.
“We started off rocky in Vancouver,” Green said on an episode of the Inside the Green Room podcast.
“So we don’t know much about Vancouver,” Green explained. “We booked the Airbnb, on the pictures it looks great, it always does.”
“They go to check in and we go to eat and they’re like ‘yo we gotta change [Airbnbs] it’s old, it’s raggedy, it feels haunted.
“We didn’t know there was a ghetto or hood in Vancouver.”
Green didn’t know it then, but he wasn’t far from the Downtown Eastside, a Vancouver neighbourhood most well known for its homelessness and drug use.
“So we go check out the Airbnb and we go upstairs and we’re there for about 10 minutes checking out the map like ‘oh shit Canada has a lot of stuff going on,’ we didn’t know there was all this stuff. We go back outside and we pretty much got robbed.
“Not robbed of everything, but two book bags gone — and one of the book bags had a lot of stuff in it.”
“We ran the streets like savages looking for whoever took these book bags.”
Green and his group made the mistake of leaving a pair of bags in the back seat of their car, possibly with the doors unlocked. One of the bags contained some laptops, he said.
“We didn’t know where we were located at,” he added.
“We’re two blocks from East Hastings. We don’t know that until we walk up on it. It’s the worst street in North America in terms of druggies.”
Lucky for Green, he can afford to buy a new laptop or two, after signing a two-year, $30 million contract with the Los Angeles Lakers last week.
The Vancouver Police Department told Daily Hive that they have assigned an investigator to look into the incident.
“‘Theft from auto’ is a major concern in Vancouver, especially downtown,” said VPD Sergeant Jason Robillard. “We continue to see an increase in the number of incidents. The VPD consistently encourages people to remove all visible items from their cars when they park anywhere in the city. Even if it is a small item and does not seem valuable to you, it might be enough to tempt a thief.
“It’s unfortunate Mr. Green had a negative experience in Vancouver. Overall, our city is a safe place to live and visit.”
Man of the people, voice of the fan. Rob is the Sports Editor at Daily Hive, covering news in Vancouver, Toronto, Montreal, and Calgary.
@RobTheHockeyGuy @dailyhiverob
Here's how the Raptors performed without Kawhi Leonard last season
Mississauga man arrested for allegedly using social media to lure children
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Keywords: tree modelling forest resource
Maximum habitat suitability map of Quercus robur (2006, FISE, RDS-MHSv0-3-2)
This dataset series shows the Maximum Habitat Suitability (MHS, also known as survivability) map of Quercus robur (raster format: geotiff). The survivability map is provided for...
Distribution map of Betula spp. (2006, FISE, C-SMFAv0-3-2)
This dataset series shows the distribution map (raster format: geotiff) of Betula spp. (whole genus Betula, i.e. all observed species in that genus). The distribution map is...
Distribution map of Pinus pinea (2006, FISE, C-SMFAv0-3-2)
This dataset series shows the distribution map (raster format: geotiff) of Pinus pinea. The distribution map is provided for Europe (EU28 plus part of other countries within the...
Distribution map of Pinus cembra (2006, FISE, C-SMFAv0-3-2)
This dataset series shows the distribution map (raster format: geotiff) of Pinus cembra. The distribution map is provided for Europe (EU28 plus part of other countries within...
Maximum habitat suitability map of Prunus avium (2006, FISE, RDS-MHSv0-3-2)
This dataset series shows the Maximum Habitat Suitability (MHS, also known as survivability) map of Prunus avium (raster format: geotiff). The survivability map is provided for...
Distribution map of Abies alba (2006, FISE, C-SMFAv0-3-2)
This dataset series shows the distribution map (raster format: geotiff) of Abies alba. The distribution map is provided for Europe (EU28 plus part of other countries within the...
Distribution map of Tilia spp. (2006, FISE, C-SMFAv0-3-2)
This dataset series shows the distribution map (raster format: geotiff) of Tilia spp. (whole genus Tilia, i.e. all observed species in that genus). The distribution map is...
Maximum habitat suitability map of Carpinus betulus (2006, FISE, RDS-MHSv0-3-2)
This dataset series shows the Maximum Habitat Suitability (MHS, also known as survivability) map of Carpinus betulus (raster format: geotiff). The survivability map is provided...
Pan-European Map of Forest Biomass Increment
This is a pan-European map of forest biomass increment. The map was implemented using MODIS GPP data (NASA Product MOD17A3) adjusted with GPP data derived from upscaling FLUXNET...
Maximum habitat suitability map of Sorbus aria (2006, FISE, RDS-MHSv0-3-2)
This dataset series shows the Maximum Habitat Suitability (MHS, also known as survivability) map of Sorbus aria (raster format: geotiff). The survivability map is provided for...
Distribution map of Pseudotsuga menziesii (2006, FISE, C-SMFAv0-3-2)
This dataset series shows the distribution map (raster format: geotiff) of Pseudotsuga menziesii. The distribution map is provided for Europe (EU28 plus part of other countries...
Distribution map of Pinus halepensis (2006, FISE, C-SMFAv0-3-2)
This dataset series shows the distribution map (raster format: geotiff) of Pinus halepensis. The distribution map is provided for Europe (EU28 plus part of other countries...
Maximum habitat suitability map of Acer platanoides (2006, FISE, RDS-MHSv0-3-2)
This dataset series shows the Maximum Habitat Suitability (MHS, also known as survivability) map of Acer platanoides (raster format: geotiff). The survivability map is provided...
Distribution map of Corylus avellana (2006, FISE, C-SMFAv0-3-2)
This dataset series shows the distribution map (raster format: geotiff) of Corylus avellana. The distribution map is provided for Europe (EU28 plus part of other countries...
Distribution map of Quercus pubescens (2006, FISE, C-SMFAv0-3-2)
This dataset series shows the distribution map (raster format: geotiff) of Quercus pubescens. The distribution map is provided for Europe (EU28 plus part of other countries...
Distribution map of Fraxinus ornus (2006, FISE, C-SMFAv0-3-2)
This dataset series shows the distribution map (raster format: geotiff) of Fraxinus ornus. The distribution map is provided for Europe (EU28 plus part of other countries within...
Distribution map of Pinus nigra (2006, FISE, C-SMFAv0-3-2)
This dataset series shows the distribution map (raster format: geotiff) of Pinus nigra. The distribution map is provided for Europe (EU28 plus part of other countries within the...
Maximum habitat suitability map of Sorbus aucuparia (2006, FISE, RDS-MHSv0-3-2)
This dataset series shows the Maximum Habitat Suitability (MHS, also known as survivability) map of Sorbus aucuparia (raster format: geotiff). The survivability map is provided...
Maximum habitat suitability map of Fraxinus excelsior (2006, FISE, RDS-MHSv0-...
This dataset series shows the Maximum Habitat Suitability (MHS, also known as survivability) map of Fraxinus excelsior (raster format: geotiff). The survivability map is...
FISE (73)
forest resource (73)
modelling (73)
natural resource (73)
spatial distribution (73)
tree (73)
Barredo Cano, José ... (28)
Busetto, Lorenzo (1)
Caudullo, Giovanni (68)
de Rigo, Daniele (68)
San Miguel-Ayanz, J... (69)
environment and cli... (73)
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Husker Football History
Sellouts
#5 Nebraska 55
Kansas State 8
Nov. 8, 1980 • Memorial Stadium, Lincoln, Neb.
Kansas State 0 0 0 8 8
Nebraska 10 24 14 7 55
Deep, Red Sea Swallows Wildcats
Todd Brown, left, NE and Gary Morrill, No. 28 KS. Husker catches a Jeff Quinn pass on a play that gained 56 yards in the third quarter. THE WORLD-HERALD
By Tom Ash / World-Herald Staff Writer
LINCOLN — Nebraska punter Scott Gemar took a shower, out of habit, Saturday afternoon. He had punted at the end of the first series against Kansas State. Thereafter, K-State’s resistance steadily waned, and Gemar took the rest of the day off.
So dominant were the Cornhuskers offensively and defensively during a 55-8 sashay that the lone Wildcat touchdown in the final two minutes was warmly received by the remnants of a Memorial Stadium turnout of 76,121.
“At least they got something,” said Gemar, referring to the meager consolation score. The other good thing that happened to K-State was a Big Eight near-record 93-yard punt by Don Birdsey, Gemar’s Wildcat counterpart.
Cornhusker Coach Tom Osborne was so pleased with developments that he allowed himself the uncommon luxury of conducting business in the second half while keeping an ear cocked for public address scores on the higher-ups in the national rankings. Then he delighted his squad by giving them a rare day off today.
It was a relaxing outing on a gorgeous 74-degree afternoon for the nation’s No.5-ranked team. The Huskers had kept pace with Oklahoma by maintaining a perfect Big Eight slate. They had beaten the spread handily while raising their record to 8-1. Kansas State suffered a predictable fate for a team that is winless in the conference and now stands at 2-7.
Frosh Plays
Nebraska sent out an army of talent that included six quarterbacks and 18 ball carriers contributing to a season-high offensive show. Jeff Quinn, the first of the half-dozen, notched three more touchdown passes on his Big Eight-leading log and proved he could throw deep. Roger Craig, the third of six I-backs, showed he could run far, with a mere nine carries netting 183 yards. His per-carry average, then, was a smidgen over 20 yards.
So deep in runners were the Huskers that freshman Jeff Smith, the fifth I-back, was the No. 3 rusher with 49 yards while carrying only four times in the fourth quarter. Smith outgained by 13 yards Wildcat leader Mark Hundley, who picked up 36 yards. Husker starter Jarvis Redwine retired after the first series of the second half with 75 yards on 11 carries.
Osborne said, “At this stage of the season, it’s nice to have a game like this and rest some of those people.”
Defensive end Derrie Nelson and middle guard Curt Hineline were allowed to watch while injuries healed. Center Dave Rimington played briefly on a sore ankle.
Nebraska posted season highs in total offense and passing while outyarding K-State 692-193 and 197-115, respectively. The passing total came against the nation’s top-ranked pass defense.
Birdsey’s 48.6-yard average on 10 punts was the sole bragging point for the outgunned visitors until freshman Hundley ran 19 yards for a face-saving touchdown with 1:52 remaining. K-State got the two-point conversion on a pass from Doug Bogue, Darrell Ray Dickey’s backup, to John Liebe.
With the touchdown, K-State escaped the ignominy of absorbing the worst beating in the series since Jumbo Stiehm’s Rollers inflicted a 59-0 drubbing in 1911.
’Complete Game’
As it turned out, the Wildcats needed to turn back only a modest four years to find a Nebraska team doing worse damage. That year, it was 51-0.
Kansas State actually won the first exchange of blows. The opening Husker series netted four yards and Gemar’s punt. K-State drove to the Nebraska 28 before stalling on its first attempt.
Thereafter, Nebraska scored on its next six possessions and eight of the next nine while taking leads of 34-0 at the half and 48-0 after three quarters.
Osborne said, “In some ways, it was as complete a game as we’ve played in a while. We were genuinely concerned about Kansas State the way we played last year.” Nebraska won 21-12 last year in Manhattan.
After the opening backfire, Nebraska’s scoring spree went:
Kevin Seibel, 27-yard field goal. Craig Johnson, two-yard run. Jeff Finn, two-yard pass from Quinn. Todd Brown, seven-yard pass from Quinn. Seibel, 50-yard field goal. Mark Mauer, No. 2 quarterback, 15-yard run.
Dickey Goes Down
Kansas State, meanwhile, was managing one first down. Worse, regular quarterback Dickey, Coach Jim’s son, was finished with an injury in the second quarter. He had thrown five passes without a completion.
Sophomore quarterback Bogue came on for the Wildcats and completed eight of 18 passes for 115 yards, mostly against the NU reserves.
Quinn raised his touchdown passing total to 13 while completing seven of 13 passes for 153 yards. Two were dropped.
Quinn, however, was most pleased with a completion that did not figure in a scoring drive. It was a deadly-accurate 56-yard archer beyond two defenders into Brown’s outstretched hands along the right sideline. Quinn also had a 39-yard strike for a touchdown to John Noonan up the middle in the third quarter.
“Those two were really nice,” Quinn said. “I haven’t thrown deep much, and some people have questioned whether I could. I had underthrown Slick (wingback Anthony Steels) earlier, and I really needed that second half.
’Not Much Pressure’
Mauer, Quinn’s junior understudy, needed the first. “It felt good to get in there in the second quarter, but the feeling of being so far ahead (27-0) was still there. There wasn’t much pressure,” he said. Mauer hit Noonan and Steels on 15-yard passes before Mauer ran an option the last 15 to run the count to 34-0.
Craig had gained only 49 yards at the time, but his presence accounted for Mauer’s touchdown, the quarterback said. “Roger was going good, and they were pursuing so much to the outside, I just turned up and nobody was around,” he said.
On Quinn’s third touchdown pass, making it 41-0, Noonan was hit in the secondary, righted himself and outran Gary Morrill. “The cornerback chucked me pretty good. I almost went down,” Noonan said. “Jeff has been throwing the ball well in other games, but he really looked good today.”
Craig was at his rip-snorting best after that. On the sixth touchdown drive, he raced 25 yards and three plays later got the call on a pitch to his left on fourth-and-two. He made the corner, ricocheted off three tacklers and fled 32 yards to the end zone.
69-Yard Gem
The best was yet to come. His ninth and last carry early in the fourth was a twisting, ripping 69-yard gem to the K-State 11.
“The line blocked well. I owe everything to them,” the soph star said. “I was really surprised to get that many yards. I was just running tough. I wanted to show my backfield coach (Mike Corgan) I could run through people. We’ve worked pretty hard on that,” he said.
Craig’s longest run of the season also earned the gratitude of Mark Moravec, who scored the final touchdown from the 1 and ended a series of season-long near-misses for the David City sophomore.
“I lost count of how many times I came close,” Moravec said.
Among the happiest of the Husker subs was Tim Holbrook, a sophomore defensive back from Lexington, who delayed the Kansas State touchdown bid with an interception at the Nebraska 2 and set a Husker non-scoring runback record of 64 yards. “The bear got me. I ran out of gas,” Holbrook said. “We didn’t want to see them score, but I’m happy. Everybody got to play.”
Kansas State finally broke through with a 66-yard drive after Eric Knoll, the sixth Nebraska quarterback, fumbled. Bogue completed two passes for 27 yards, and Hundley gained 17 yards before his touchdown run.
’Felt Better’
Birdsey’s 93-yard punt in the fourth quarter was one yard short of the Big Eight record by John Hadl of Kansas in 1959.
Seibel’s two field goals made him four of five this season. The long one was two yards short of his best of 52 against Colorado.
“This one felt better,” Seibel said. “The air up there (Boulder) helps some. If you can kick in Lincoln, you can kick just about anywhere. When you have your own crowd see it, they know you can do it.”
World-Herald post-game coverage (PDF) • Box score (PDF)
World-Herald post-game coverage (PDF)
Box score (PDF)
Penalties-Yards 5-55
Rush yards 78 495
Rush attempts 42 65
Yards per carry 1.9 7.6
Comp.-Att.-Int. 8-23-1 10-18-0
Yards/Att. 5.0 10.9
Yards/Comp. 14.4 19.7
Fumbles 0 2
Series history
Nebraska is 78-15 all-time against Kansas State.
See all games »
1980 season (10-2)
Utah Sept. 13
Iowa Sept. 20
Penn State Sept. 27
Florida State Oct. 4
Kansas Oct. 11
Oklahoma State Oct. 18
Colorado Oct. 25
Missouri Nov. 1
Kansas State Nov. 8
Iowa State Nov. 15
Oklahoma Nov. 22
Mississippi State Dec. 27
Nebraska has played 16 games on Nov. 8. See them all »
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Articles Needing Citation, Incomplete Articles, Locations,
Earth-Two Locations
Earth-One Locations
New Earth Locations
Prime Earth Locations
Lurvan
Kandor
The Kryptonian city of Kandor was originally a trading point between the island of Vathlo and the continent of Twenx. From this, it developed into a center of commerce. People flocked to the city from all corners of the map, seeing the city as a chance to gain work and make a fresh
Bottle City of Kandor
Earth-Two · Earth-One · New Earth · Prime Earth
Earth-One:
7 million[2]
10 million[3]
New Earth:
approx. 100,000[citation needed]
(July, 1958) The Man of Steel (Volume 2) #3
The Kryptonian city of Kandor was originally a trading point between the island of Vathlo and the continent of Twenx. From this, it developed into a center of commerce. People flocked to the city from all corners of the map, seeing the city as a chance to gain work and make a fresh start.
The city's organizational structure was dominated by the Guilds: the Military Guild, the Science Guild, the Artists Guild and the Labor Guild. The city is controlled by a council with representative from every guild except the Labor Guild.
Kandor was stolen from Krypton by Brainiac some time before the planet exploded. Some time later its inhabitants were augmented with the survivors of Argo City, which Brainiac found and integrated into the city.
When Brainiac came to Earth, he kidnapped the hero Superman and placed him in Kandor with the other Kryptonians. However, this backfired, and Kandor was restored to its rightful size and Brainiac was defeated.
When the Kandorians proved unable to live and let live with the humans, the city was moved to a newly-created planet on the far side of the Sun, which they named New Krypton. A protective dome was erected around the planetoid and those within sustained themselves with an artificial atmosphere, though they still thrived under the power of a yellow sun.
To make the planetoid more hospitable, the reigning council, led by Alura-El had the Labor Guild reverse-engineer salvageable Brainiac technology. From this, they developed atmospheric processing plants to create a breathable atmosphere and also began several terra-forming programs. Within an extremely short span of time, flora and fauna began to grow on New Krypton. [1]
This section of the article does not provide a complete profile of the subject. You can help out by providing additional information, expanding on the subject matter in order to bring this article to a higher standard of quality.
This template will categorize articles that include it into Category:Incomplete Articles.
The Central Tower: responsible for the day-to-day organization of he city. Also the site of the SunStone library, a database of all extant Kryptonian knowledge
Zor-El's tomb: final resting place of New Krypton's heroic first leader
El Family Apartments: residence of Alura-El and her daughter, Kara Zor-El
Qual-Tron Tower: residence of Thara Ak-Var
The Cathedral: headquarters of the Religious Guild. What goes on within, no one knows.
The Cal-La Opera House: headquarters of the Artists Guild. Always surrounded by street performers, and the artwork in the area is arguably the best in the city.
Labor Guild Residential District: The area containing the residences of all Labor Guild workers. It also houses a secret.
Military Guild Compound: a sprawling compound which houses and trains all members of the Kryptonian armed forces
Plain of Wanan
Var-De Apartments: former residence of Kryn Kel-Ur. Kel-Ur's identity was stolen by Superwoman during her time on New Krypton. The location of the original Kryn Kel-Ur is unknown
Fort Rozz: later deposited into the Phantom Zone
Ak-Var
Dik-Zee
El Gar Kur
Lesla-Lar
Lili Van-Zee
Lyle-Zee
Shyla Kor-Onn
Sylvia DeWitt
Van-Zee
Zora Vi-Lar
Commander El
Kara Zor-El
Commander Gor
Lieutenant Nar
Aspirant Kir-Ta
Jax-Ur
Tyr-Van
Aspirant First Class Jeq-Vay
Alura
Prime Earth:
In Pre-Crisis, the Bottle City was enlarged on the planet Rokyn in the 20th Century.[4]
Post-Crisis, Superman enlarged the City on Arctic Circle.
Appearances of Kandor
Location Gallery: Kandor
Catalogued images related to Kandor
Kandor at Wikipedia.org
↑ Superman: World of New Krypton #4
↑ Superman #307
↑ Superman's Girl Friend, Lois Lane #134
Retrieved from "https://dc.fandom.com/wiki/Kandor?oldid=2368958"
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Tag Archives: Gary Orfield
South African-like Apartheid Practices by Some White and Black Charter Schools in America: The Nonprofit Georgia Center for Children and Education is Concerned That Segregation Has Returned in America – Despite Brown V. Board of Education of Topeka – Some “Cream of the Crop”-Seeking Charter Schools are Weeding Out Minorities and Low-Income Students and Instead are Often Enrolling Wealthy Mostly White Students
There is an alarming, disturbing trend in public education – the return of Segregation in Charter Schools Segregation has returned in America – this despite the historic lawsuit “Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka” – a landmark decision of … Continue reading →
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Tag Archives: good study habits
Keeping Alive the Dream of Barbara A. Thurmond of Augusta, Georgia: Barbara Thurmond dared to dream of a world without violence, so with her sister Earnestine Covington, they founded Blacks Against Black Crimes, Inc. in June 1991 – and enlisted many others to help reduce black-on-black violence along the banks of the Savannah River. That violence has returned in Augusta, the state of Georgia, the South and across the U.S. – We hope this tribute will inspire others to keep alive the dream and love of the late Barbara Thurmond
Activist and Author Barbara A. Thurmond: Standing Tall Against Violence in Hopes of Saving the Lives of Children and Stopping Violent Crimes in African American Neighborhoods in Augusta, Georgia 2012 National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Conference is June 18-20, 2012 … Continue reading →
Posted in $400,000 reward for information that would lead to the arrest and conviction of David Holt's killers, $50, $50,000 bond, (706) 722-6401, (706) 724-0851, (706) 823-3217, (706) 823-3226, (706) 823-3227, (706) 823-3339, (706) 828-3851, .25-caliber handgun, 1-800-334-2836, 1-800-33HAVEN, 1-800-656-HOPE, 100 Black Men, 1221 James Brown Boulevard, 12th Street, 15th Street, 16-year-old Stephanie Nicole Burnett, 16th Annual Take Back the Night Rally and Walk to Prevent Sexual Violence, 17-year-old daughter Phalonda Howard, 1995 Georgia SB 109, 1995 Georgia Senate Bill 109, 1995 Senate Bill 109, 1997 Georgia General Assembly, 1998 legislative agenda, 1999, 2005, 2006, 2006 National Organization for Victim Assistance Award, 2012 Blacks Against Black Crimes Annual Violence Awareness Program, 2012 Blacks Against Black Crimes Inc. Annual Violence Awareness Program, 2012 Blacks Against Black Crimes Inc. 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The Board of Education of Topeka, Bruises, Brunswick, brutal, brutal apartheid system, brutality, buddies, build, build health, build hope worldwide, Build me a son, Build me a son whose heart will be clear, Build me a son whose wishbone will not be where his backbone should be, building, Building a community free of sexual violence, Building Accountability, Building Dreams, Building Hope, Building Responsibility, Building to Community, bunch of folks, burglary, burial, burial funds, Burke County, Burke County Court Calendar, Burke County Court Calendars, burned, burned remains, Bush, Bush adviser Karl Rove's team, Bush is really out of touch with the American people, business, Business Plan, Business Sector, business side of medicine, businesses, Businesses are Discourteous, butcher knife, Butterfly kisses, buy cigarettes, buying more than one gun a month, By Augusta Chronicle Staff Writer Dena Levitz, By Augusta Chronicle Staff Writer Greg Rickabaugh, By Lawrence Viele, by Mark Mathabane, By Morris News Service, By Staff Writer Timothy Cox, C & J Enterprises, Caged Bird Sings, calculated, caliber, California, California Breast Cancer Act of 1993, California Coalition Against Sexual Assault, California Department of Corrections, California Youth Authority, call 911, called 911, came to the White House, Camilla, campus newspaper, can be tried, can only, can't even comprehend why white Republicans would re-elect President Bush, cancer, cancer rate, cancer research, Candace Hillman, candidate, Candidate For The 10th Congressional District, Candidates, Candidates in the Rite of Passage Program, candlelight homage to homicide victims, candlelight homage to local homicide victims, candlelight homage to local murder victims, candlelight homage to murder victims, Candles, Candles were lighted for Niteka Wesbey, Candles were lighted for Rodney Johnson, Candy Williams, Candy Williams: You Knew I Was an Addict, cannot be measured in dollars, capacity, Capitol, Captain, cards for Father's Day, care, care about, caring, Carlton Lamb Jr., Carlton Lamb Jr. killed, Carlton Lamb Jr. murdered, carry a gun, carry a loaded gun, carry on unity goal, Carter Center, cartercenter.org, carve pumpkins, Case, case unsolved, cases, cash, casting, casting their ballots, Catara Hill, catch lightning bugs, Cathy Cobb, Caucasians against all crime, Caucasians against all violence, Caucasians against crime, Caucasians against violence, Caucasians against white crime, Caucasians against white violence, causes for why we have sexual violence, causes of crime in the black community, causes of death, causing concern among some Democrats, caveat, cbpr.org, ccchron@augustachonicle.com, Ccchron@Augustachronicle.Com, CDC, CDC Injury Center, cdc.gov/injury, cdc.gov/violenceprevention, Cedric Jackson, Cedric Jackson died, celebration, celebration of life, cell, cemeteries, cemetery, cemetery tours, Cent, Center, Center for Disease Control, Center West Parkway, Centers for Disease Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control Injury Center, Central Savannah River Area Girl Scouts, certain amount of lawlessness allowed in the black community, certificate of need, certificate of need requirement, Cesar Chavez, chair, chairman, chairman of the Augusta State University Department of Psychology, Chairman Of The Department, Chairman Of The Event's Organizing Committee, chairwoman, chalk it up, challenge, challenges, challenging, chamber, chambers, change, change faces, change that system, change the law, change the system, change things that are wrong, changed our nation, changed our times, changes, changes to system, Chapter, character, charged, charged his roommate, charged with homicide, charges, Charles A. Thomas, Charles A. Thomas Papers, Charles Bullock, Charles Hankerson, Charles Ramsey, Charles Walker, Charles Weigle, charter schools, Chavone Hollimon, chest, Chief, Chief Deputy, child, Child Abuse, Child Advocacy Centers of Georgia, child care, Child caught in a cross-fire, child child's head, child murdered, child raising skills, child's father, child's head hit the wall, Child-Abuse Victims, childbearing out of wedlock by different partners is taken too lightly in our society, childbearing out of wedlock is taken too lightly, childbearing out of wedlock is taken too lightly in our society, Childcare center, children, children are the only pure joy, children deprived, children deprived of development, Children killed by handguns, Children Live, children love it, children miss class, children today, children today are saturated in passive entertainment like television, children who go are struggling, children's education, Children’s Defense Fund, chocolate, choice, Choice without Equity: Charter School Segregation, choked, choking, choking death of an Augusta man, choking death of an Augusta woman, Choose, Choosing Jails Over Schools, Chris E. Evans, Christian, Christian faith, Christian Standard, Christian Union, Christianity, Christine Deriso, Christine Deriso: Dreams to Grow On, Christopher Andrews, Chronic Suffering, chronically unemployed, chronicle.augusta.com, Chuck Clay, chuckle, church, Church as Business, church burnings, church services, Church vs. Business, Church/Religion, churches, Cigarette, Cigarette tax, cigarette tax bill, Cigarette tax bill may get snuffed out this session, Cigarette tax not to exceed 5 cents a pack, Cigarette taxes, Cincinnati, circle of friends, circumstances of the crime, Citgo, Citgo gas station, cities, Citizens can help, citizens demand, citizens demand we stop criminals from walking out early, Citizens Medal, Citizens Medal recipients, citizens speak, citizenship workshops, city, civil cases, civil liberties, civil rights, Civil Rights Act, Civil Rights Act of 1964, civil rights activist, civil rights attorney, civil rights hero, Civil Rights Leader, Civil rights movement, Civil Rights Movement, Civil Rights Project, Civil Rights Project at UCLA, Civil Rights Project/Proyecto Derechos Civiles at UCLA, civil rights standards, civil rights struggle, civil rights struggle was multicolored, claimed, claimed lives, Claiming A Street Named King, claims our youngest talent through homicide, Claims racist response to violence, Clarence Alexander, Clarence Davis, Clarisa Lee, class, Class of 1968, classes, classroom, Claude Wiggleton, Claude Wiggleton Jr., clean, clean record, Clearwater, clerk of the Georgia House office, Clerk Of The House Office, client base, Climate Change, climate of voters, clinical, clinical psychologists, Clint Bryant, closure, closure of numerous open-burning dumps, clouds, co-founded, co-founded Blacks Against Black Crime, co-founded Blacks Against Black Crime in 1991, co-founded Blacks Against Black Crime Inc., Co-Founder, co-founder and president of Blacks Against Black Crime, co-founder and president of Blacks Against Black Crimes Inc., co-founder of Blacks Against Black Crime, co-founder of Blacks Against Black Crime Inc., co-workers, Coach James Quarles, Coaches, coaching, coaching a baseball team, coastal Georgia, coaxing a wad of gum out of bangs, cocaine, cocaine use, Cohesion, cold-blooded, cold-blooded killer, cold-blooded killers, collaboration, collect a drug debt, collect data, Collect spray painted noodle wreaths for Christmas, collective dream, college, college bound, College Park, college scholarships, college student caught in a cross-fire, college tuition, Color of Change, color of her skin, color of his skin, Colorado, ColorofChange.org, Columbia, Columbia County, Columbia County Court Calendar, Columbia County Court Calendars, Columbia County sheriff's Capt. Steve Morris, Columbia Presbyterian Medical Institute, Columbine High School, combat Richmond County's rising violent crime rate, combat violence crime rate, combining efforts, come back, come together, comedian, comfort, comfortable, Coming of Age, Coming of Age in Apartheid South Africa, coming up for a vote, commemorate, commemorating 1996 murder victims from Richmond and Columbia counties, commission of crime experts and political appointees, commit crimes, committees, committing more crimes, common employer, Communication, communications, communities, communities suffering the most, community, community a better place, community activist, Community Advisory Board, community center, community centers, community childcare, community development model, Community Developmental Issues, Community Economic Development, Community Empowerment, community involvement, community oriented policing, community representatives, Community Resource Center, community safety, community service, Community vs. Needs, community-based, community-based organizations, community-based partnerships, company, compassion, compelled to leave, compelling, Competition between males and females, compilation of the TV-12 news stories, complaint, complaint about politics, complaint about sex, complaint and ban, complaints from a parent, complex, comprehensive family, compromised, CON, CON legislation, concentrate, Conceptualizations, concerned, concerned about our youth, concerned about violence, Concerns, concerted local effort, condemn, condemns, condemns young mothers to a life of poor education, condemns young mothers to a life of poverty, condemns young mothers to a life of welfare, conditions, Confederacy, Confederate flag, confessed, confessed to beating, confessed to choking, confessed to killing, confessed to murder, confessed to murdering, confessed to raping, confessed to shooting, confessed to stabbing, confessed to strangling her after a fight, confidence, confined, Conflict, conflict of values, conflicts, confronted neighborhood thugs, confusion, Congregation Children of Israel, congressional candidate, Congresswoman Shirley Chisholm, connecting with, connection to Africa, connection to South Africa, consequences, consequences for their inappropriate behavior, considerable personal courage, conspiracy, conspiracy to traffic guns, constitutional, constitutional rights, Consumerism, contact, contact Victims Assistance, Contemporary Black Family, content, content of his character, contentious debate, contents of the text, continue efforts to prevent crime, continue the work of the Million Youth Movement, continuing process, Contrary to popular belief, contribute, contributed to the decline, contributed to the decline in crime, contributed to this article, contributed to this report, contributing factor to the epidemic of black-on-black violence, contributing factors, contributing factors to black-on-black violence, Contributors, control, Controlling Behavior, Controversial, Convenience Store, convict, convicted, Convicted Georgia Sen. Charles Walker, convicted Georgia Senate Majority Leader Charles Walker, Convicted Georgia Senator Charles Walker, convicted killer Antonio Ruffin, convicted murderer Antonio Ruffin, convicted murderer Antonio Ruffin had killed before, convicted once, convicted se, convicted sex offender, conviction, conviction overturned, Cora Johnson, Cora Lee Johnson, Core Rights, Coretta Scott King, Cornell, Cornell Drive, Cornell Harris, Cornell Harris: Dare 2 Dream Like King, Corporate America, Corporate Greed, correct disparities, cost, cost is high, cost of firearm injuries, cost of firearm injuries in the United States, cost of firearms, cost per firearm death, cost the state, costly, couldn't wait, counseling, counsels, counted the numbers, counterproposal, Counties, country, country a better place, County, county legislative delegation, County Sheriff, county's legislative delegation, courage, Courage defined the life of Barbara Ann Thurmond, courage was an inspiration, courageous, courageous activist, court, Court Calendar, Court Calendars, Court of Law, courtroom, courts, cousins, covered, covers courts, covers crime, crack cocaine, crack-cocaine statistics, crack-cocaine stats, craving for respect, Create, created, creating, creating more a violent society, creating new life is taken so lightly, creating new life is taken so lightly that school children sing about it, Creation, Creations of FireKawand Crawford, Creative Impressions, credit for the drop in black homicides, crime, Crime Affects Our Nation, Crime and health care, Crime and the Law, crime and violence, crime can happen to someone you know or love, crime committed, crime committed against their souls, crime decrease doesn't mean anything to victim’s families, crime drugs, crime experts and political appointees to revamp sentences, crime happens to someone else, crime has since subsided, crime has wreaked on our community, Crime in America, crime in black community, crime in the black community, crime in their streets, Crime is a Societal Problem, crime is allowed in the black community, crime is in our faces, Crime is no longer someone else's problem, crime is someone else’s problem, Crime is Something That Happens to Someone Else, crime lab, crime might go up again next year, crime must STOP, crime nightmare, crime numbers might be down this year, crime prevention, crime rate, crime rate falls but not rape and sexual assault, crime rate falls except rape, crime rate is like the stock market, crime reporter, crime spree, crime traces, crime victim, crime victim’s rights, crime victims, Crime Victims Advocacy Council, crime victims and their families, crime victims and their families are treated with compassion and dignity, crime victims and their families treated with compassion and dignity, Crime Victims United of California, crime victims’ families, crime-ridden, crime. On the night she was killed, crimes, Crimes Committed, crimes here are in our faces, crimes of passion, criminal, criminal activity, criminal cases, criminal criminals, criminal deviance, criminal justice, Criminal Justice Coordinating Council, criminal justice system, criminal justice system fails, criminal justice system fails to keep murder suspects behind bars, criminal justice system failure, criminal justice system that is intellectually honest, criminal record, Criminal system, criminal victimization, criminals, criminals guilty of some crimes, critical analysis, critical self-inventory, Criticism, Critiquing, Crooked Politicians, cross state lines, cross-fire, cross-fire during a gang-related apartment shooting, crowd, crucial, Cruelty to Animals, Cruelty to Children, crusade against black on black violence, Crystal Craig, crystal votives, Cultural, cultural acceptance of violent behavior, Cultural Concepts, cultural dominance, cultural dominance by the white minority, cultural process, Culture, culture that unfairly blames the victim, cure, curious, current status of the community, cut in half, cutting Augusta's crime rate, CVAC, CVUC, cycle of poverty, Cynthia Butler, Cynthia Butler: The Beginning of Forever, D-Athens, D-Augusta, D-Bonaire, D-College Park, D-Stone Mountain, D.C., D.C. sniper shootings, Da'Henri R. Thurmond Sr., Da'Henri Ramsey Thurmond, Da'Henri Ramsey Thurmond Jr., dad, daddies, daily life, daily lives, daily lives of people, Damaging Victims, dangerous, dangerous offender, dangerous offenders, dangerous offenders would be taken off the streets, Daniel Samilpa, Daniel Samilpa killed, Daniel Samilpa murdered, Danny Craig, Dare 2 Dream Like King, dare to whisper, dared to dream of a world without violence, Darrell Thurmond, date, date of death, date rape, daughter, daughter murdered, daughter shot to death, daughter was shot to death, daughter's death, daughter's life, daughters, David Barbee, David Holt, David Holt murdered, David Reed, David W. Reed, David Watkins, David William Reed, DavidWilliamReed, Day, day after, dead, Deadly AK-47, deadly consequences, deadly Tec-9, deadly Uzi, Deadra Williams, deal with life's problems, dealt with, Dean, Dean of the Richmond County Legislative Delegation, Deans Bridge Road, dear friends, death, Death, Death and immortality, Death is the wrong way, Death is the wrong way to go towards immortality, death of 900 black males, death of African-Americans, death of another man, death penalty, death under the South African apartheid regime, deaths, debates, debilitated physically, Debra Puglisi Sharp HOPE Foundation for Surviving Trauma, decided to act, Decision, decision to kill, declared guilty, decline, decline in crime except for rape, decline in crime is more than just numbers to Barbara Thurmond, declining crime rates, decrease, decrease in tax revenues, dedicated to placing prevention, dedicated to prevention, dedication, defeat, defeated, defend, Defendant, defendant Claude Wiggleton, defendant's record, Defendants, Defendants are spending more time in jail, defense lawyers, deference, define crime, define victims’ rights, Defining Family, definitely not, defunct Augusta Human Relations Commission, degradation, degradation is difficult for most people to fathom, degrade, degree, dehumanization, dehumanization process, dehumanize, Deidra Williams, Deke Copenhaver, delayed, Delegation, deliverance, demand, demanded, democracy, Democrat, Democratic candidates, Democratic leadership, Democratic National Committee, Democratic Party, Democratic Party of Georgia, Democratic Party of Georgia State Committee, Democrats, Democrats debate, Democrats take our vote for granted, Democrats take the African American vote for granted, Democrats take the black vote for granted, Dena Levitz, dena.levitz@augustachronicle.com, denigrate, denigration our struggle, Denise Freeman, Deon M. Johnson, depart, Department of Psychology at Augusta State University, deprived, deprived children, deprived of development, deputy, deputy prosecutor, Derek Alderman, dermatologist, describes, desensitizes young people, desensitizes young people to death, desensitizes young people to violence, desensitizing young people to death, desensitizing young people to violence, deserves, deserves America’s highest civilian honor, designed, despair, Despite, despite being poor, destitution, destruction, details how, detention, determination, deters voters, deters voters from casting ballots, deters voters from casting their ballots, Devastating, develop, develop trust, developed, developing community, developing family, developing family and community, development, Developmental Issues, Developmental Issues of Families and Community, deviance, Dexter Scott King, diagnosed, diagnosis, did just that, did not attend the NAACP Convention, did not pass, did not pass state requirements, did not pass state requirements for reading and language arts, did not vote, didn't embarrass him, didn't have any say-so, didn't know how, didn't want her to have the baby, didn’t work, died, died at a very young age, died at the scene, died later at the hospital, died that day, died this summer, died too young, different technology, difficult, difficult for most people to fathom, difficulties, difficulties and challenge, dignity, dinner, direct social activism, Director, Director Of Rape Crisis And Sexual Assault Service, director of Rape Crisis and Sexual Assault Services in Augusta, director of the Victims Assistance Department of the Augusta Richmond County judicial system, Director of the White House Office of Public Engagement, dirty, disabilities, disabled, disabled Navy veteran, disagreement, disappointed to learn, disciplinarians, discipline, discuss, discussion, Disgraced Georgia Sen. Charles Walker, disgraced Georgia Senate Majority Leader Charles Walker, Disgraced Georgia Senator Charles Walker, disgusted by homicides, disgusted by homicides in her community, disgusted by murder, disgusted by murders, Disney movies, disparate treatment of black victims, disparate treatment of victims, disparities, disparities among bond amounts, disparities in health outcomes, disparities in health outcomes and treatment, disproportion, disproportionate number of African-American males in Georgia prisons, disproportionate number of African-American males in prisons, disproportionate number of African-American males in prisons in the state of Georgia, disproportionate number of African-Americans in Georgia prisons, disproportionate number of black male victimizers, disproportionate number of black males in Georgia prisons, disproportionate number of black males in prisons, disproportionate number of blacks assigned to special education, disproportionate number of blacks in Georgia prisons, disproportionate number of blacks in prisons, disproportionate number of blacks in prisons in the state of Georgia, disproportionately impact low-income, disproportionately impact minorities, disrespect for the black church, disrespecting the black church, disrupted, disseminate electronic information, distance between Augusta and Birmingham, District 9 at-large seat, District Attorney, District Attorney Danny Craig, District Attorney Danny Craig has prosecuted homicide cases equitably, District Attorney Danny Craig listens to the voices of all crime victims, District Attorney of the Augusta Judicial Circuit, District of Columbia, District of Columbia Police, District Of Columbia Police Chief Charles Ramsey, Divided City, Divine Order/Decree, Divine Revelation, Dixie, do not feel good about themselves, do not feel safer, do not forget, Do you know someone who you can help, Do-Over, doctorates, documented black family could not be sold, Does that sound like someone you know, doesn't even touch college tuition, doesn't take into account, doing her part, doing his part, dollar an hour, domestic cases, Domestic Violence, domestic violence cases, domestic violence victim, domestic violence victims, dominance, Domonique Benn, Don Cheeks, don't condone crime, don't have any answers, donate, Don’t forget, Donna Brown, Donor, Donors, Donzella James, door kicked in, double standards, double standards in the criminal justice system, double standards of the criminal justice system, double standards within the justice system are contributing factors to black-on-black violence, Downsizing, Dr. Charles Bullock, Dr. Deborah Austin, Dr. Derek H. Alderman, Dr. James Lesher Jr., Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Behavior, Dr. Jim Cruickshanke, Dr. King might remind us that the civil rights struggle was multicolored and moving forward must be as well, Dr. King would have a few choice words for today's music, Dr. King would no doubt take note of how far we have to go, Dr. King would say we need to keep the spirit of Barbara Thurmond alive, Dr. King would take note of how far we have to go, Dr. Mallory Millender, Dr. Martin Luther King, Dr. Martin Luther King would say ‘no’ Augusta has not lived up to his dream, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Dr. Robetta McKenzie, Dr. Steve Hobbs, dragged the victim down an embankment, Dramatic Unities, drastic changes, drawn, drawn into, drawn into the daily lives of a people who lived in hideous conditions under apartheid, dream, Dream Speech, dreamed, dreams, Dreams to Grow On, drive-by, drive-by shooting, Driver, drop-out, dropping out of school, drown, drowned, Drug crime, drug deal gone bad, drug dealer, drug dealers, drug dealing, drug deals, drug debt, Drug Lords as Leaders, drug-related crime, drug-related disagreement, drug-related robbery, drugs, drugs and alcohol, duplex, During this century American justice has been a mockery for black people, during what police said, dying, e-book, each slaying, early education, earmarked, Earnestine (John) Covington, Earnestine Covington, easily recognize, East Central Georgia Learning Resources System, east Georgia, East Taylor Street, Easter, Easter basket, Eastern NC Civic Association, easy, easy access to guns contributes to the epidemic of black-on-black violence, easy accessibility of guns, ecclesiastic, ecology, Economic Adjustment and Marginalization, economic and cultural dominance by the white minority, economic assistance, economic development, economic development strategy, economic dominance by the white minority, Economic Educational Cultural, economic empowerment, Economic Justice, Economic providers, economically, economy, Ed McIntyre, Ed Tarver, Edgefield County NAACP president, Edinboro, editor, Editor Writer, Editor's note, editorial, Editors, educate, educating the public, education, education advocate, Education as a cultural process: The interaction between community and classroom in fostering learning, education for all, educational institutions, educational outreach, educational policy, Educational potential was a means of upward mobility, educator, educators, Edward Maner, Edward Maner: Looking at Real Life through the Eyes of an American Bad Boy, effect of crime on victims, Effect of the Northern Migration on the black Family, effective, effective programs, effectively, effectiveness, efficient, effort, efforts, Eighth Amendment, Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibits excessive bail or fines, Elaine and Gordon Rondeau, Elaine Mitchell, Elaine Mitchell: Powerful Words of Wisdom, Elaine Rondeau, Elders respected and honored, Eldwin Griffin, elected, Election, Election Day, electronic government information, elementary school, eliminate injury, eliminate injury where people learn, eliminate injury where people live, eliminate injury where people play, eliminate injury where people work, eliminate violence where people learn, eliminate violence where people live, eliminate violence where people play, eliminate violence where people work, Elitism, Elmer Singley, Elouise Golphin, Elouise Golphin: Poetry for All Reasons, Emancipation on the Black Family, Embarrassment, emergent telemedicine technology, Emily Sollie, Emma Whiters, Emory University, emory.edu, emotional toll on families, emotional toll on victims, emotional toll on victims and their families, emphasize reading school-sponsored, employed, employed as Neonatal ICU Nurse at the Medical College of Georgia, employee, employees, Employers, empower our youth, empower our youth to take control of their destiny, empowerment, Enabled, encourage, encourage your child, encourage your children, encouragement, encouraging, end black-on-black crime, end black-on-black crime in Augusta, end corporate rule, end parole, end youth violence, endeavor, endeavorfreedom.org, Endless wonder, endure, Endured, enduring, enduring spirituality, enforce existing laws, enforcement of existing laws, enforcers, engage the imagination by reading a great book, engage the imagination engage, Engaging Developmental, enhance, enhance democracy, enhance freedom, enhance our capacity for good work and service, enjoy, enjoy your children, enjoy your grandchildren, enlisting in the Army, enraged, ensure, Entered into rest, Enterprise and Innovation, entrepreneur, entrepreneurial, entrepreneurs, Entry, environment, environmental, Environmental Justice, environmental pollutants, Environmental Racism, epidemic, epidemic of black violence, epidemic of black-on-black violence, epidemic of teen pregnancy, equal education, equal justice, equal rights, equity, equity and well-being, Erica Frankenberg, Erich Olaf Tate, Erich Olaf Tate pleaded guilty to conspiracy to traffic guns, Ericka (Jessie) Covington-Wright, Ericka Covington-Wright, Ernest (Angela) Covington, Ernest Covington, Ernest Thurmond, erroneous charges, Erroneous Publicity, escalating violence, escaped, espoused, Essence Award, Essence Award from Essence Magazine, Essence Magazine, established, Established brotherhood, established rules, estates, esteem, estimated, estranged husband, ethical conduct, Eunice Harris, Eunice Harris: Love Pearls, Evan Tanks Johnson, Evans, Evans murder victim Gary Collins, Evans murder victim Gary Collins remembered, even a blind person could see, evening church service, Event, eventually, eventually convicted, every book they read, Every two seconds a gun comes off the American assembly line, Every two seconds a gun comes off the assembly line in America, every word, everyday Americans making a difference, everyday embarrassment, Everyone, Everyone must find and play a role in the development of the community, everyone who cares about our youth, everything, evil, Evil Apartheid, evils of oppression, evils of poverty, evils of racism, evils of slavery and evils of militarism, evils of the past, evolving here, ex-boyfriend, example of courage, examples, exception to the rule, excessive, excessive bail, excessive bail or fines, excessive crime, excessive fines, exchange, exchange for food, Exchange Value of Children, excited, excuses, executive director, exemplary deeds, exempt, expanded, expansions, expected, Experiences, express themselves, expressing concern about their safety, Expression of Love, Extending education into the African American community, extraordinary Americans, Eyes of a Child, eyes of children, face, face of youth violence, Facebook page, facing charges, facing murder and weapon charges, fact, facts, fail, failure, Failure to Give Back, Faint-heartedness, fairness, Faith, faith in the criminal justice system, falling, Falling Stars, Falling Stars: Air Crashes that Filled Rock & Roll Heaven, families, families cannot begin the healing process, families headed by a single females, families of those killed, families of those killed by Georgia's guns, families of those wounded, families of those wounded by Georgia's guns, families who lost a loved one, Families with Adolescents, Family, Family And Community, Family and Community Book Fair, Family and Community Book Fair at Murphey Middle School, Family and Community the African American Experience, family and individual development, family bond, family bonding, family bonds, Family Counseling Services, Family Developmental Issues, family dinner, family feels victimized again, family headed by a single female, Family is extended to the community, Family is Murdered, family is the test of freedom, family life, Family lines, Family Process, family programs, Family roles shifted, Family roles were adaptable, family tree, Family Unit, family values, Family violence, family violence victim, family violence victims, family would feel victimized again, famous, Fancies Versus Fads, fare better, fatal, fatality, fatally shot, fatally stabbed, fatally wounded, fatally wounding, father, father and son, father of the victim-impact statement, Father of the Victim-Impact Statement James Rowland, Fatherhood, fathering situation, Fathers, fathers use children to manipulate mothers, fathom, fathoms, favorite, Fayetteville, fear, fear of being physically harmed, Federal, federal court Court for the Southern District of Georgia, Federal Education Policy Should Promote Diversity, federal lawmakers, federal level, federal prison, federally-funded project, feed a corrupt spirit, feedback, feel guilty, feel inferior, Feel Safe, feel shy, feeling in the black community, Feelings, feelings about life and death, feelings about life and death are different, feisty spirit, felonies, felons, felons convicted a second time, felony, felony assault, felony charges, felt, felt a sharp pain, Females, females became dominant, Feminist, Feminist.com, Few Positive Images for Youth, fewer, fiancée, fidgeting, fifty percent chance of being right, fight, fight against cancer, fight crime, fight for better gun control, fight the bill, fight violence, fight violent crime, fight voter suppression laws, fighting, fighting cancer, Fighting Disease, fighting militarism, fighting oppression, fighting poverty, fighting Racism, fighting slavery, fights disease, figures, filling a wading pool, filth, filthy, final result, finally convicted, financial, financial advice, financial assistance, financial assistance for burial of crime victim, find a candidate, find love in the world, fines, finger-paint, firearm, firearm fatality, firearm injuries, firearms, firearms escalated, fired, fired a gun, fired a pistol, fired a revolver, fired handgun, First, First Christian Church, first encountered, first vice president, first-grader, first-graders, firsthand, fistfight, fix, fix it, flame, fled the inner city, Florida, flowers schoolwork under refrigerator magnets, flyer, flying kites, focus, focus on victims, follow-up, follow-up to the Million Youth Movement, followed them, food, For now, for resentment, For whom does the bell of victimization toll, force, forced, forcing, forever, forgave, forget the people they represent, forgive, form to fill out, former, Former Augusta Judicial Circuit D.A. Danny Craig, former Augusta Mayor Ed McIntyre, former Augusta police officer, former Augusta Police Officer Frank Howard, former city police officer, former congressional candidate, Former Georgia Sen. Charles Walker, Former Georgia Senator Charles Walker, Former Neonatal ICU nurse, former police officer, former U.S. President Jimmy Carter, former WAGT-TV anchor, former WAGT-TV anchor Rich Everitt, Fort Gordon, Fort Valley, Forty authors from the Southeast, foster equity, foster equity where people learn, foster equity where people live, foster equity where people play, foster equity where people work, fostering learning, fought fiercely, found, found by her brother, found dead, found dead of a gunshot wound, found floating in Lake Olmstead, found guilty, found not guilty, found shot, foundation, founded, Founder, four grandchildren, fragile, fragile ego and a gun are ingredients for a homicide, fragile ego and a gun are ingredients for a murder, Frank Howard, Frank Johnson, Frank Johnson Sr., Frank M. Johnson, fraternities, Fraud, Free, Free at Last, free from poverty, free to walk the streets, freed from jail, freedmen, freedmen vote, Freedom, freedom and civil liberty, freedom fighter, Freedom Parkway, freedoms, freedoms and civil liberties, Friday August 25 2006, Friday September 1, Friday September 1 2006, friend, Friends, Friends and Diverse Neighbors, Friends may call the residence, Friends of the Coast, friendship, From Bliss to a Blizzard, From Colored Water Till Now, front door of the apartment had been kicked in, Front Row Seat, frontal assault on black youth, Fruit of Life/Living, frustrated, frustration, fulfillment, fulfillment of duties, full agenda, Function, fundamental commitment to human rights, fundamental rights for all crime victims, funded, funds for burial, funeral, funeral homes, Funeral Services, Further victimization against blacks then occurs in the court system, future, future generations, G-STAND, G.K. Chesterton, GA, GA state Board of Pardons and Paroles, GA state Sen. Donzella James, galvanize the community, galvanize the community against violence, gang-reduction zones, gang-related, gang-related apartment shooting, Garden City, Gary Collins, Gary Collins killed, Gary Collins murdered, Gary Payne, Gas Station, gatfl.org, gathered, gathered at the church, gave birth to a baby boy, gave birth to a baby girl, gay marriage, GCADV, Gender, General, General Assembly, general manager, general manager of the James Brown Arena, genocide, genocide through our music, gentle, Gents Technology Services, Geographic, George, George (Deidra) Johnson, George (Deidra) Johnson II, George Johnson, George Johnson II, Georgia, Georgia 10th Congressional District, Georgia Alliance of Community Hospitals, Georgia Assistive Technology Act, Georgia Association of Black Elected Officials, Georgia Association of Black Women Attorneys, Georgia black males make up 30 percent of the state's population and 70 percent of the state's prison population, Georgia blacks make up 30 percent of the state's population and 70 percent of the state's prison population, Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles, Georgia Board of Registration, Georgia Board of Voter Registration, Georgia Bureau of Investigation Sex Offender Registry Search Page, Georgia Capitol, Georgia Capitol dome, Georgia Center for Children and Education, Georgia Center for Children and Education, Inc., Georgia cities, Georgia city, Georgia Coalition Against Domestic Violence, Georgia colleges, Georgia Commission on Family Violence, Georgia Democratic leadership, Georgia elected officials protect gun manufacturers, Georgia General Assembly website, Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter, Georgia gun crimes, Georgia gun sales, Georgia gun violence, Georgia gunrunners take toll on state, Georgia gunrunning, Georgia Hall of Shame, Georgia House, Georgia House Bill 162, Georgia House Bill 62, Georgia House Bill 96, Georgia House Health and Ecology Committee, Georgia House of Representatives, Georgia is a high-volume gun state, Georgia is the gun belt, Georgia is the gun belt of America, Georgia is the gun-running state, Georgia is the nation’s gun-running state, Georgia labor camp, Georgia law protects the gun industry, Georgia lawmakers, Georgia lawmakers protect gun manufacturers, Georgia leads the nation in gunrunning, Georgia Learning Resources System, Georgia Legal Services, Georgia Legal Services Program, Georgia Legislature, Georgia Network (Coalition) to End Sexual Assault, Georgia Network to End Sexual Assault, Georgia on March 19 1950, Georgia physicians, Georgia Power Company, Georgia prohibits cities from suing gun manufacturers, Georgia protects gun manufacturers, Georgia Psychological Association, Georgia recently passed a law prohibiting cities from suing gun manufacturers, Georgia Reconstruction, Georgia Relay Service, Georgia Rep. Ben Harbin, Georgia Rep. Henry Howard, Georgia Rep. Louise McBee, Georgia Rep. Robin Williams, Georgia Representative Henry Howard, Georgia Representative Louise McBee, Georgia Representative Quincy Murphy, Georgia Representative Rep. Henry Howard, Georgia Representative Robin Williams, Georgia Representative William “Quincy” Murphy, Georgia residents, Georgia SB 109, Georgia se, Georgia Secretary of State, Georgia Sen. Charles Walker, Georgia Sen. Don Cheeks, Georgia Sen. Donzella James, Georgia Sen. Ed Tarver, Georgia Sen. 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Mike Eagan, Georgia state Senate, Georgia state Senate Minority Leader Chuck Clay, Georgia state Senate President Pro Tem Sonny Perdue, Georgia state senate proposes to abolish parole, Georgia State Senator, Georgia state Senator Donzella James, Georgia state Senator Ed Tarver, Georgia state Senator Mike Eagan, Georgia Technology Authority, Georgia WAND, Georgia wears the title of the gun belt, Georgia wears the title of the gun belt and the gun-running state, Georgia wears the title of the gun-running state, Georgia who co-founded Blacks Against Black Crime, Georgia Women’s Action for New Directions, Georgia's Assistive Technology Act, Georgia's Assistive Technology Act Program, Georgia's guns, Georgia's inmate population is two-thirds black, GeorgiaNet Authority, Georgians Against Gun Violence, Georgians for Gun Safety, Georgians with disabilities, Gerald Ford, Gerald Smith, get an education, get away from persecution, get justice, get something out of it, Get started, get state approval before investing in new services, get the neighborhoods involved, get the support, Getting a bill passed, getting guns off the streets, getting out, getting out on bail, gift, Giggles under the covers every night, Gilbert Manor, Girl caught in a cross-fire, Girl Scout Thanks Badge, Girl Scouts of Central Savannah River Council, Girl Scouts of Historic Georgia, girlfriend, girlfriend's sick daughter, Giuseppe Mazzini, Give him humility, given to man, given up, gives them an opportunity, glamorize illegitimacy, Glenn Stephenson, Glenn W. Stephenson, Glimpses of God, global, Global Campaign for Women’s Human Rights, global warming, Glorify God With Your Body, GLRS, glrs.org, GLSP, Glynn County, GNESA, go back, go to Atlanta, goal, God, God's grace, God's grace and mercy, Godspeed, Golden Rod Street, gone, gone bad, gone to prison, good, good behavior, good chance, good chance of passing, good days, good days and bad days, good for the environment, Good for the folks, Good Shepherd Baptist Church, good study habits, good work, GOP, Gordon Rondeau, Government Handouts, governor, Governor Jimmy Carter, graduate, Graduate First! Collaboration Coach, graduate of Lucy C. Laney High School, graduates, graduation, grand jury, grand jury indictment, grandchildren, Grandmother of the American Civil Rights Movement, Grandparents, granted, granted a $50, granted a $50000 bond, grassroots, grassroots organization, Grateful, graying of the baby boomers, great grandchildren, great importance, great sorrow, Greater, greater Augusta community suffered a terrible loss, greater freedom, greater public awareness, greatest aspects of being an author, Green Industry, Greene Street apartment, Greg Peterson, Greg Rickabaugh, greg.rickabaugh@augustachronicle.com, Gregory Fuller, Gregory Fuller: From Bliss to a Blizzard, grief, grieve, grieving parents, ground them forever, group, group founded, group of people, Groups, Grow up, growing problem, growing problem of illiteracy in public schools, growing trend, guess, Guest Columnist, Guest Columnist Barbara Thurmond, guest editorial, Guest Editorial by Barbara A. Thurmond, guide a person, Guides, guilty, Gullah/Geechee Nation, gun, gun comes off the American assembly line, gun comes off the assembly line, gun control, gun crimes, gun goes off, gun laws, gun legislation, gun manufacturers, gun manufacturers increased production, gun murders, gun profits, gun purchases, gun safety, gun stores, gun violence, gun violence in America, gun violence in Augusta, gun-running, gun-running state, gunned down, gunrunning, guns, Guns are bad news, guns are used for drug deals, guns are used for robberies, guns are used for shootings, guns bring sad news, guns crimes traced back to Georgia, Guns go off, guns in Atlanta, guns recovered, guns recovered from crimes in other states have been traced back to Georgia, guns recovered from crimes in other states were sold in Georgia, guns sold in Georgia, guns traced back to Georgia, guns used in drug deals, guns used in murder, guns used in murders, guns used in robberies, guns used in shootings, Gwendolyn Brooks, had an impact, hand over your heart, Hand prints, hand to hold, handed, handgun, Handgun Control, Handgun Control Inc., handgun profits, handgun purchases, handgun shootings, Handguns, handguns used in drug deals, handguns used in robberies, happy, harassing telephone calls, hard, hard work, Hardcover, Hardie Davis, Harford Street, Harm, Harm They Endured, harmful, harmful lyrics, Harmony Project, Harrisburg, Harrisburg residents, has an impact, has been, has no place, has no place for severe resentment, has no place in his heart, has no place in his heart for resentment, hate, hate within their neighborhoods, hatred, have an excuse, have children if you want to be rich, have faith, have not made the physical journey, have nots, have shown, have some problems, Have we reached Dr. King’s dream, having a daughter, Having a HEART, having a son, HBCU, he, He Can Achieve, he can't comprehend, he escaped, He hopes, he may always be serious, he seeks to master other men, He was happy, He was so excited, he would undoubtedly say no, He's not just a statistic, Head, head of Blacks Against Black Crime, head of the group, headed by a single female, headlines, healing, Healing and Community, health, Health and Ecology Committee, health and future, Health And Human Services Committee, Health Care, health care providers, health disparities, health disparities in the African-American community, health disparities in the black community, Health Education Augusta Richmond Tools, health industry, health issues, healthcare, Healthcare Georgia Foundation, healthcaregeorgia.org, healthy environments, hear me, Hearing and Speech Impaired TTY, hearses, heart, HEART is crucial to the health, heart-wrenching news, hearts, hearts of her loved ones, hearts of loved ones, heated opposition, heaven, heinous, heinous crime, help, help fight crime, help victims in the aftermath of crime, help victims of crime, help victims of violent crime, help victims' families apply for funds, helping, helping defeat, helping people, helps, Henry Howard, Henry L. Murray III, Henry L. Murray III killed, Henry L. Murray III murdered, Henry Summerall Jr., Henry Summerall Jr.: Glorify God With Your Body, Hephzibah, Hephzibah High School, Hephzibah High School literature class, Hephzibah High School literature class reading list, Hephzibah High School reading list, Hephzibah murder victim Wanda Graham, Hephzibah murder victim Wanda Graham remembered, her, her family lost their future. Everything that Shanta and her unborn child would have been is now gone forever. What do these two crimes have in common, her home, her last wish, her only son had been murdered, her sister, her sister Earnestine Covington, Here we go again with our boys, Here’s a message, heroes, Heroes and bogey men, heroic African American Women, heroic black women, hideous, hideous apartheid, hideous conditions under apartheid, Hiding, high homicide rate, high murder rate in the black community, high number of homicides in the black community, high number of slaying victims are black men, high rate of cancer, high school, high-caliber revolvers, high-crime gun stores, higher rates of cancer, highest victimization rate, highly publicized school shootings, him, hired her to kill, hired him to kill, Hired Hitman, hired them to kill, Hired to kill, hiring him to kill, his baby's mama, His body was found, His dreams and hopes were gone, his father, his home, his last wish, his son, Historic Augusta, Historic Ebenezer Baptist Church of Atlanta, historical, Historically, Historically Black Colleges and Universities, Historically blacks had not been punished harshly enough for killing other blacks, history, hit him, Hitman, hitting, hitwoman, hold gun manufacturers responsible for the madness and may-hem caused by guns in Atlanta, hold gun manufacturers responsible for the madness and may-hem caused by guns in Augusta, hold gun manufacturers responsible for the madness and may-hem caused by guns in Georgia, hold gun manufacturers responsible for the madness and mayhem caused by guns in Atlanta, hold gun manufacturers responsible for the madness and mayhem caused by guns in Augusta, hold gun manufacturers responsible for the madness and mayhem caused by guns in Georgia, hold gun manufacturers responsible for the madness caused by guns in Atlanta, hold gun manufacturers responsible for the madness caused by guns in Augusta, hold gun manufacturers responsible for the madness caused by guns in Georgia, hold gun manufacturers responsible for the may-hem caused by guns in Atlanta, hold gun manufacturers responsible for the may-hem caused by guns in Augusta, hold gun manufacturers responsible for the may-hem caused by guns in Georgia, hold gun manufacturers responsible for the mayhem caused by guns in Atlanta, hold gun manufacturers responsible for the mayhem caused by guns in Augusta, hold gun manufacturers responsible for the mayhem caused by guns in Georgia, holding offenders responsible for their actions, homage, home, Home for the Elderly, home health agencies, home health care, home-health care groups, homehealth field, homes, homicide, homicide and crack-cocaine statistics, Homicide case, Homicide case is unsolved, Homicide case remains unsolved, homicide cases, Homicide cases remain unsolved, homicide data, Homicide decline, Homicide decline should inspire, homicide of an Augusta man, homicide of an Augusta woman, homicide rate, homicide statistics, homicide stats, homicide trial, homicide victim, Homicide Victim Aldreco O. Booker, Homicide Victim Alvin L. Cummings, Homicide Victim Anthony Campbell Jr., Homicide Victim Betty Lou Abraham, Homicide Victim Carlton Lamb Jr., Homicide Victim Daniel Samilpa, Homicide Victim Gary Collins, Homicide Victim Henry L. Murray III, Homicide Victim James Henry Williams, Homicide Victim Johnny Henderson, Homicide Victim Marcus D. Taylor, Homicide Victim Marty Thomas Gibson, Homicide victim Michael Young, Homicide Victim Niteka Wesbey, Homicide victim Phalonda Howard, Homicide Victim Rodney Johnson, Homicide Victim Stephanie Nicole Burnett, Homicide Victim Thomas Dyson Jr., homicide victim Tina Robinson, Homicide Victim Tyrone Cathcart Jr., Homicide Victim Wanda Graham, homicide victims, homicides, Homicides continue to decline, homicides decline, homicides in Richmond County, homicides in Richmond County in 2002, Hon. Ed McIntyre, honest, honesty, honor, Honor Thy Father, Honored, Honoring, Honoring Barbara Thurmond, Honoring Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Honoring Stop the Violence Activist Barbara A. Thurmond, Honoring Stop the Violence Activist Barbara A. Thurmond of Augusta, Honoring the Life of Barbara A. Thurmond, honoring victims, hood, Hope, Hope and Unity Rally, hope of one day, Hopes, Hopes and dreams are gone, hoping, horro, horror, horror and brutality of the apartheid system, Hospital, hospital groups, hospitals, host of cousins, hostility, hot issue, house, House Health And Ecology Committee, households, housing, Housing Projects, how far, how far we have to go, how he escaped, How long will Georgia wear the title of the gun belt and the gun-running state of the nation, How to Enhance the Community, How to Enhance The Village, how we are going to define crime, how we raise our children, HRP Nursing Services, html, hugs, hugs and kisses, Human beings against all crime, Human beings against crime, Human Beings against violence Human Beings against violence, Human Interest, human rights, human sexuality, human spirit, human suffering, human values, Humans against all crime, Humans against crime, Humans against violence Humans against violence, humble, humble and gentle in victory, Humiliate, humiliate and degrade, humiliating racism, humiliating racism and stereotypes fostered by South African apartheid, Humiliation, humiliation and degradation of people, Humiliation is difficult for most people to fathom, hunger, hunting, hunting for ways to get even tougher on crime, hurt, Hurt Plaza, hype about crime, hype about crimes, Hypersensitivity, I, I am an African-American, I can say things are better and we're all happy about that, I do not, I do not recall, I Dream a World, I hate statistics, I have a dream, I have not lived in vain, I have not made the physical journey, I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings, I pray, I read, I read Kaffir Boy many years ago, I read Kaffir Boy many years ago and I was moved by the compelling story, I still believe, I think this is the biggest pile of junk to come before us by intelligent people since I came to the Senate, I was, I was moved by the compelling story, I'll Never Be a Victim of Crime, ice cream, ICU, IDEA, idea for the tax, ideas for bills, identify, If a child lives with criticism, if he were alive, if we are to go forward, Ii, ILA, ill-health, illegal, illegal gun, illegal gun sales, illegal guns, illegitimacy, Illinois Victims, illiteracy, illiteracy in public schools, illnesses, Image of God in the eyes of a child, Imagination, imagine, Imam Mohamad Alhomsi, imbedded racism, immediate consequences, immediate consequences for inappropriate behavior, immortal, immortality, impact, impact the victim's family, implement effective programs, implemented, Importance of the Family Unit, important, important issues, important message, important to keep our movement alive, imposed, Impotent, Impotent Teachers, impressed, impression, impressionable, impressionable minds, imprisoned, improve community health, improve health, improved, Improved Personal Values, Improvement System, improving funding for the No Child Left Behind Act, In 1991 Augusta/Richmond County had the highest homicide rate ever recorded, In 1997 in Augusta 79 percent of the killings were the result of gun violence, In 1997 in Augusta 79 percent of the murders were the result of gun violence, In 1997 in Augusta 79 percent of the violent deaths were the result of gun violence, In 2003 Georgia ranked fourth in the nation in the number of high-crime gun stores, in Apartheid South Africa, in connection with, in front of it, in his heart, in jail, In My Father’s House Abuse Shelter, In one year in America over five thousand children were killed by handguns, In one year over five thousand America children were killed by handguns, In the Eyes of a Child You Rank Right Up There With God, in the lives, in touch, in your community, Inadequate Organization, Inadequate Team Organization, inappropriate, inappropriate behavior, Inappropriate Leader, Inappropriate Leadership, Inc., incarcerated, incarcerated African American males, inception, incident, incidents, Income became paramount to education and opportunity, incontestable, increase, increase in black on black violence, increase in cocaine use, increase in rapes, increased patrols, Independent, Independent BBO’s, Independent Businesses, Independent Businesses Black Owned, Independent Living, indescribable evil, indescribable evils, indictment, individual, individual safety, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, industries, industry, Ineffective Education, Ineffective Representation, Inequality, inferiority, influence, information, information about a Georgia General Assembly bill, ingrained racism, injured, injured by criminal victimization, injuries, injury, Injury Center, injustice, injustice and double standards, injustice and double standards within the justice system are contributing factors to black-on-black violence, injustice within the justice system are contributing factors to black-on-black violence, inner city, Inner Vision, inner-city residence, Innocent victim caught in a cross-fire, innovative solutions, Insensitive, inspiration, inspiration for others, inspiration to our community, inspire, inspire children to read, inspire children to read books, inspire the reader, inspired, inspired to create, instilled, instilled inferiority, instinctively, institutions, Instructor, Insufficient, Insufficient Family Unit, Insufficient Parental Involvement, insurance office, integrate, integrity, intellectual capital, intellectually, intellectually honest, intelligent people, intensify our efforts, intensities and goals, Intensive Care Unit Nurse, interaction, Interfaith, Interment, Interment will be in Trinity Baptist Church Cemetery, international, international politics, Internet, Internet tracks legislation, intolerance, Intragroup Relations, introduce a bill, introduce legislation, introduce the bill this session, introduced, introduced a bill, introduction of crack cocaine, Investigator, investigators, investigators are working on the case, investing, investing in new services, invite authors, invited, inviting authors, inviting authors to the school, involuntary manslaughter conviction, Involvement, Ira Harrison, Ira Harrison: Acts of Joy, Irresponsible Business, is it about politics, is it politics, Is this complaint and ban about politics, Is this complaint and ban about sex, Is this complaint and ban about sex or is it about politics, ISBN-10: 1410769232, ISBN-10: 1410769240, ISBN-13: 9781410769237, ISBN-13: 9781410769244, Islam, Isolation, issue, issues, issues that arose, it sends the wrong message to impressionable minds, It takes a village to raise a child, it would be nice to see more African American judges behind the judicial bench, it would be nice to see more black faces behind the judicial bench, It's filth, It's filth and it's sickening to me and it's unacceptable to have something like this in the school system, it's important, it's sickening, it's sickening to me, It's Still Time to Stop Blaming the White Man, it's time we cared about how every neighborhood looks and feels to live in, it's unacceptable, Italian nationalist leader, J. Allen, J. M. Mason, Jack Boone, Jack Boone Jr., Jack E. Boone, Jack E. Boone Jr., Jackson's child, Jacobey Q. Hood, Jacqueline Stephenson, jail, jailed, James Brown, James Brown Arena, James Brown Arena General Manager Robert Gordon, James Brown Blvd., James Brown Boulevard, James Henry Williams, James Henry Williams killed, James Henry Williams murdered, James Kendrick and son Steven Kendrick, James Lesher Jr., James Rowland, James W. Looper, Jason B. Smith, Jayme Smalley, Jayme Smalley: As the Butterbeans Boil, JCTC, Jealousy, Jefferson Street, jelly, Jeneba Ghatt, Jenkins-White Elementary School, Jennings Homes, Jerry Smith, Jerry Smith: It's Still Time to Stop Blaming the White Man, Jesse Black, Jesse Jackson, Jessie Stewart, Jesus, Jewel Daniels, Jewel Daniels: The Enterprising Entrepreneur, Jim Cherry Teacher Center, Jim Crow, Jim Crow political favors, Jimmy Carter, John C. Kuykendall, John D. Cobb, John Kerry, John Rigdon, John Rigdon: Battle of Aiken, John V. Lawton Jr., Johnny Henderson, Johnny Henderson killed, Johnny Henderson murdered, joined together, Joint Center for Political and Economic Study, Joint Center for Political and Economic Study's National Opinion Poll, joking, Jon Carson, Jonathon Tilove, Jonesboro, Joseph Rucker Lamar, journey, Joy in my Heart, Joy in my Heart: My Journey From Hopelessness to Happiness, Jr., judge, Judge Craig, Judge Daniel J. Craig, Judge Daniel J. Craig Secretary Teresa Thompson, Judge David Watkins, Judge Neal Dickert, judge ordered, Judge Robert L. Allgood denied bond, Judge William D. Jennings, Judge William Fleming, Judicial, judicial bench, Judicial Event, judicial means, judicial system, judicial system has not been sensitive to black crime victims, Judith Broder, June 1991, Junior High, junior high school, Junior League of Augusta, jurors, Jury, Jury and Judge, just government, just the opposite, justice, justice for all people, Justice Policy Institute, Justice Policy Institute ------- #17 Honoring Stop the Violence Activist Barbara A. Thurmond of Augusta, Justice Professionals, justice system, Justice system unfair to blacks, justice will not be served, justifiable homicide, justified, Juvenile Court Judge Herbert E. Kernaghan Jr., juvenile crime, juvenile crime is down in America, Kaffir, Kaffir Boy, Kaffir Boy banned, Kaffir Boy banned at Hephzibah High School, Kaffir Boy by Mark Mathabane, Kaffir Boy is insightful novel, Kaffir Boy pulled from Hephzibah High School, Kaffir Boy: The True Story of a Black Youth's Coming of Age in Apartheid South Africa, Kaffir Boy: The True Story of a Black Youth's Coming of Age in Apartheid South Africa by Mark Mathabane, Kalashnikov, Karl Rove, Karl Rove's team, Karol Wojtyla, Kathy Ellis, keep accused murderers behind bars until they can be tried, keep accused murderers in jail, Keep assault weapons off streets, keep citizens informed, keep going, Keep killers behind bars, keep murder suspect behind bars until trial, keep people charged with manslaughter in jail, keep people charged with manslaughter in jail until they can be tried in court, keep people charged with murder and manslaughter in jail until they can be tried in court, keep people charged with murder in jail, keep people charged with murder in jail until they can be tried in court, Keep reaching for the dream, keep reading, keep suspects behind bars, Ken Autry, Ken Echols, Ken Echols said the book The Kaffir Boy is filth and it's sickening to me and it's unacceptable to have something like this in the school system, Ken Faison, Kenneth "Baby Face" Edmonds, Kenneth Edmonds, Kenneth Gainous, Kenneth Gainous: Be a Contender, Kenneth Pruitt, Kent State shootings, Kentucky, key role, Keywords, Khalil Gibran Muhammad, kicked in, kidnapped, kidnapping, kidnapping and rape of an Augusta woman, kidnapping of an Augusta man, kidnapping of an Augusta woman, kids, kids deprived of development, kids don't get a chance, kids gone bad, Kids killed by handguns, kill, kill parole, killed, killed by a handgun, killed by criminal victimization, killed by Georgia's guns, killed by handguns, killed Michael Young, killer, killer Antonio Ruffin, killer is brought to justice, killer of Anthony Campbell Jr., killer out on bond, killers, killers are brought to justice, killers are cold-blooded, killers are still at large, killers are without conscience, killers are without remorse, killers are younger, killers at large, killers were cold-blooded, killers were without conscience, killers were younger, killing, killing children, killing has to stop, killing of a black by another black, killing parole, killing parole would be unfair to black Georgians, killings, killings and gun violence, killings and gun violence in Augusta, killings are the reason her organization continues its education campaign, killings in Augusta, kills competition, kindness, King, King Center, King Center CEO Bernice King, King Center partnership, Kirby Deon Roland, Kirby L. Turner, Kirby Turner, kiss, kisses, KKK, knife, knives, know Himself, KSU May 4 Collection, Ku Klux Klan, Kwanzaa, L.A. Progressive, labeled in that early environment, labeled racist, labeled stupid, labor, Labor Day, Labor Day weekend, labor rights, labor rights leaders, Lace Road, lack, Lack of Accountability, Lack of Accountability for Child and Youth Development, lack of discipline, Lack of harsh punishment contributed to the epidemic of black-on-black violence, Lack of Information, Lack of Involvement, Lack of Objectivity, Lack of People, Lack of Pride, Lack of Professionalism, lack of prosecution of black-on-black homicides, lack of respect, lack of respect and discipline, lack of respect and discipline has been a large part of creating more a violent society, lack of self-esteem, Lake Olmstead, landownership, Lanett, Laney High School, language, language arts, language arts teacher, large number, large part, last, last conversation, Last time, last wish, late Mr. Ernest Thurmond, later years, Latin female, Latin male, Latin Voters, Latino, Latino female, Latino male, Latino Voters, Latinos, laugh yourself silly, Law, Law Enforcement, law enforcers, Law Prohibiting Cities, Lawlessness, lawlessness allowed in the black community, lawlessness in the black community, lawmakers, Lawrence Viele, laws, laws have been passed, lawyer, Law_Crime, Lead him, leaders, leadership, leading causes of death, learn, learn compassion for those who fall, learn independently, learn to adopt and integrate personal skills, learn to laugh, learn to stand up in the storm, learning, learning about the proposal, learning to adopt and integrate personal skills, learns, learns justice, learns patience, learns to appreciate, learns to condemn, learns to feel guilty, learns to fight, learns to have faith, learns to like herself, learns to like himself, leave the house, Lecturer, Leeches, leftover fried chicken, legacy, legal, legal groups, legal slavery, legal system, legal to buy large quantities of guns in the state of Georgia, legalized, legislation, legislative delegation, legislative tracking information, legislative tracking system, legislator, legislators, Legislature, lengthy debate, less bitter, less support from blacks, less support from blacks than his predecessors, lessons were not lost, let citizens speak, let the citizens speak, let the pain pass from her voice, Let Victims' Rights Ring Across America, Let's bring an end to the senseless killings that plague our community, lethal, lethal firearms escalated, lethality, Letter to the Editor, letters, Letters to the Editor, letting people vote. the tax, Liberal, Library of Congress, licensed, licensed by the state, licensing master's-trained psychologists, licensing proposal, life, life and death, life and death under the South African apartheid regime, life in prison, life is short, life of poverty, Life Sentence, life under South African apartheid, life under the South African apartheid regime, life without parole, life without parole for felons, life’s problems, lifetime, lifetimes, lighted a candle, lighted a candle to honor, Like other indescribable evils of the past African Americans don't want to discuss the politics of the horror, Like other indescribable evils of the past blacks don't want to discuss the politics of the horror, Like other indescribable evils of the past we don't want to discuss the politics of the horror, like you, Lillian C. Thurmond, Lillian Cade Thurmond, Lillian Thurmond, Lillian Thurmond and Ernest Thurmond, limbs, limit, limited, Linda Washington, link physicians via computer, list, listed, Listen to Bill Cosby, literacy, literature, Littleton, Livable Cities, live, live die, live in the hood, live independently, live-in boyfriend, lived, lived in, Lives, Lives are Irrevocably Changed, lives were saved, lives with ridicule, lives with shame, lives with tolerance, Living, living and deceased, loaded gun, Loans, Lobbyist, lobbyist expenditures, lobbyists, local, Local crime rate falls, local industries, local legislators, local nonprofit agency, local residents are concerned, locally, Locals await Legislature, London, long criminal record, long record, long-running case, longtime friend, look at the murder rate, Looking at Real Life through the Eyes of an American Bad Boy, Looking Back with Love, looking for, looking to the future, Lord, Lorenzo D. Lindsey, Los Angeles, lose their lives, losing faith, Losing support among African American voters, losing support among African Americans, Losing support among black voters, losing support among blacks, losing their lives for insufficient reasons, loss, losses are immeasurable, lost, lost control of our children, lost faith, lost faith in the criminal justice system, lost limbs, Louise McBee, love, Love and enjoy your children and grandchildren, Love Is Respect, love of reading is one of the greatest gifts you can give a child, Love Pearls, love them without limits, love without counting the cost, Love your children, Love your grandchildren, loved, loved ones, lover, lovers, low bond for a black defendant in a black-on-black killing, low income, low-cost, low-income people, lower reading level, lower-level reader, lowest in the state, Loyalty and Dangerous Games, Lucinda Clark, Lucinda Clark: View From the Middle of the Road Where the Greenest Grass Grows, Lucy C. Laney, Lucy C. Laney High School, Lucy C. Laney High School Class of 1968, Luisa Ashley, lying down, Lyndon Johnson, Lynette Samuel, Lynette Samuel: The Middle is the Best Part!, lyrics are harmful, Lyrics are undermining today’s youth, M. J. Shujaa, made me very angry, made our community safer, made the mental journey with the hope of one day making the physical one, madness, madness and may-hem caused by guns in Augusta, madness and mayhem caused by guns in Augusta, madness caused by guns, madness caused by guns in Atlanta, madness caused by guns in Augusta, magazines, Magnolia Cemetery, mailed a questionnaire, mainly because, maintain dominance by the white minority, maintain social, maintain social dominance by the white minority, maintain white minority power, maintained, major cities, major victory, Majority Leader, majority of black voters, make a difference, make a difference in the lives, make our city a better place in which to live, make our city a better place to live, make our city safer, make our nation safer, make our state safer, make something of himself, make the city safer, make the nation safer, make the state safer, makes sense, making harassing telephone calls, making information too accessible, Males, males became subservient, Males vs. Females, Mallory Millender, man, man's wife, Managing Time, manipulate laws, mankind against crime, Mankind against violence, manslaughter, manufactured home, many, Many African Americans are brought up without accountability, Many African Americans are brought up without values, Many African Americans are brought up without values and accountability, many are brought up without values and accountability, Many are worried, Many blacks are brought up without accountability, Many blacks are brought up without values, Many blacks are brought up without values and accountability, Many Caucasians are brought up without accountability, Many Caucasians are brought up without values, Many Caucasians are brought up without values and accountability, many guns, Many humans are brought up without accountability, Many humans are brought up without values, Many humans are brought up without values and accountability, Many Latinos are brought up without accountability, Many Latinos are brought up without values, Many Latinos are brought up without values and accountability, many of whom are black, Many people are brought up without accountability, Many people are brought up without values, Many people are brought up without values and accountability, Many Victims Never Report Crime, Many Whites are brought up without accountability, Many Whites are brought up without values, Many Whites are brought up without values and accountability, many years ago, March 19 1950, marching orders, Marcus D. Taylor, Marcus D. Taylor killed, Marcus D. Taylor murdered, Margaret Martin, marginally educated, Martin Luther King, Martin Luther King III, mass incarceration, Massive political realignment, Masters Golf Tournament, Masters Tournament, math, Maya Angelou, mean, meetings, merited respect, middle school, minister, Minorities, Minority, minority ownership, MLK, mom, money, mother, Mother Hale, Mother Nature, motivate, mountaintop, Mr. James Brown, Muhammad Ali, Murder, murderer, murders, Muslim, Muslims, NAACP, Narrow Electoral College victory, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, National convention, National Environmental Policy Act, national policies, nature, NCVIA, NCVIA Board of Directors, Neighborhood Works America, Nelson Mandela, New Orleans, news, news media, nonprofits, nonviolence, North, North Anna, NRC, nuclear bombs, nuclear plants, nuclear power, nuclear power Plant Vogtle, nuclear reactor, Nuclear Reactor Licensing, Nuclear Reactor Relicensing, nuclear reactors, nurse, Obama Administration, Old Confederacy, old houses, old Jim Crow, old South, Oliver Brown, Oliver L. 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Campbell, tutor, tutors, U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Department of Justice, U.S. Electoral College, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, U.S. Rep. John Lewis, union, unions, United Nations, United States District Court for the Southern District of Georgia, unity, universities, university, verdict, Victory, violence, violent, vision, Vogtle, voter, voter suppression laws, voting, voting rights, Wadley, Wall Street Evil, war, Waynesboro, Website, wheelchair, white, Whites, Wikipedia, woman of honor, women, Women of Courage: Inspiring Stories from the Women Who Lived Them, women's movement, Women's Rights, writing, Yolanda King, youth group, YouTube | Tagged A Tribute to Barbara Thurmond, abandoned, Abuse, academia, activist, Activist and Author Barbara A. Thurmond, Activist Barbara A. 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Wiedeman, Mattie Lawson, Mattie Lawson: From Colored Water Till Now, maximum sentences, may develop, May Park, may-hem, may-hem caused by guns, may-hem caused by guns in Augusta, may-hem caused by guns in Georgia, Maya Angelou, mayhem, mayhem caused by guns, mayhem caused by guns in Augusta, mayhem caused by guns in Georgia, mayor, Mayor Bill Campbell, Mayor Bill Campbell's efforts to hold gun manufacturers responsible for the madness and may-hem caused by guns, Mayor Deke Copenhaver, mayoral, mayoral candidates, MD, me, Me Generation, mean, measure, media, media reports, medical, medical care, Medical College Of Georgia, Medical College of Georgia Hospital, Medical Institute, medically retired, medicine, Meet, Meet Authors, meet authors firsthand, Meet the Authors, meeting, meetings, Meghan Gourley, Meghan Gourley covers crime for The Augusta Chronicle, members, members of Blacks Against Black Crime, memoirs, memorial service, memorial to Barbara Thurmond, memorial tributes, memoriam to Barbara Thurmond, memories, memories that will be forever cherished, men, men began knocking on doors of those suspected of criminal activity, Men Stopping Violence, Mental Health, mental health needs, mental health needs of returning veterans, mental health needs of service members, mental health needs of veterans families, mental journey, Mentality, mentors, mercy, merited respect, methods, mgourley@augustachronicle.com, Mgourley@Hotmail.Com, Michael Williams, Michael Williams: An Extension of Time to Die for, Michael Young, Michelle Obama, middle, middle class, middle class blacks, middle class blacks fled, middle class blacks fled the inner city, middle income family, middle school, Midville, might not be different, military sacrifice, Million Man March, Million Mom March, Million Woman March, Million Youth March, Million Youth Movement, Million Youth Movement agenda, minds of the legislators, minister, Minorities, Minority, Minority Leader, minority ownership, Miracle Making Ministry Community Center, Mirror of Self, Miscommunications, Miseducated, Miseducated Youth, misery, misery of the underclass, missed, mission, Mission Betrayed: Richard Nixon, Mississippi, mixed with sadness, MLK, MLK celebration, mlkiii.org, mobilization, mockery, mockery for black people, model behaviors to our children, mom, Mom & Pop's, Mom & Pop's Convenience Store, mom and dad, Mom and Pop, Mom and Pop's, mommies, monetary contributions, money, moral foundation, moral foundations, morals, more a violent society, more jail time, More love than your heart can hold, more murder convictions for black-on-black homicide, more support from blacks, more support from blacks than his predecessors, more upsetting, Morris News Service, Morris News Service Photo, mortality, most of the slaying victims are black men, most people, most slaying victims are black men, most used tags, mother, mother and father, Mother Hale, Mother Nature, Mother's Day, mothers, mothers use children to manipulate fathers, motivate, motivated by fear, motivated by fear to bring attention to the epidemic of black-on-black violence, motivation, mountaintop, mourn, mourned, mourning her passing, move freely about the community, moved by, moved by the compelling story, movement, movie, movies, moving forward, moving forward must be multicolored, Mr. Clarence Davis, Mr. Edward Maner, Mr. Ernest Thurmond, Mr. Frank Tomas, Mr. George (Deidra) Johnson II, Mr. George Johnson II, Mr. James Brown, Mr. Jamie Eatmon, Mr. Johnny Wilson, Mr. Kirby L. Turner, Mr. Kirby Turner, Mr. Mark Mathabane, Mr. Terence A. Dicks, Mr. Tyrone Cathcart Jr., Mr. Xavier Jones, Mrs. Anne Ealick Henry, Mrs. Antoinette (Rev. Da'Henri) Thurmond, Mrs. Antoinette Thurmond, Mrs. Aquanetta (James) Betts, Mrs. Aquanetta Betts, Mrs. Lillian C. Thurmond, Mrs. Lillian C. Thurmond and the late Mr. Ernest Thurmond, Mrs. Lillian Cade Thurmond, Mrs. Lillian Thurmond, Mrs. Lillian Thurmond and the late Mr. Ernest Thurmond, Ms. Anne Ealick-Henry, Ms. Barbara A. Thurmond, Ms. Barbara A. 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Taylor, Murder Victim Marty Thomas Gibson, Murder victim Michael "Connie" Washington, Murder victim Michael Washington, Murder victim Michael Young, Murder Victim Niteka Wesbey, Murder victim Phalonda Howard, Murder Victim Rodney Johnson, murder victim Shanta White, Murder Victim Stephanie Nicole Burnett, Murder Victim Thomas Dyson Jr., murder victim Tina Robinson, Murder Victim Tyrone Cathcart Jr., Murder Victim Wanda Graham, murder victims, Murder Victims Families for Human Rights, murder victims from Richmond and Columbia counties, murder-suicide, Murder-suicide of Betty Lou Abraham and Thomas Abraham, Murdered, murderer, murderer Antonio Ruffin, Murderers, murderers at large, murders, murders continue to decline, murders decline, murders in Richmond County, murders in Richmond County in 2002, Murphey Middle School, Murphey Middle School language arts teacher, Murphey Middle School teacher, Music, music once gave blacks hope, musicians, Muslim, Muslims, must be, My Baby's Daddy, My Journey from Hopelessness to Happiness, my parents, My son's life was gone, mysterious influence of grace, N.Y., NAACP, naming, Naming rights, naming your children, Narrow Electoral College victory, nation, Nation Of Islam, Nation of Islam members, nation that values justice, nation we must be as outraged, nation's black youth, nation's highest civilian honors, National, National Alliance to End Sexual Violence, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People convention, national attention, National Award for Outstanding Service to the Community, National Black Chamber of Conference, National Center for Victims of Crimes, National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect, National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, National Coalition of Victims in Action, National Coalition Of Victims In Action, National Conference of Black Mayors, National convention, National Council of Negro Women, National Crime Victim Rights Week, National Crime Victims’ Rights Week, National Dialogue on Crime, National Dialogue on Crime Victims, National Education Association, National Environmental Policy Act, National figures show, national force to provide services to victim of crime, National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, national Opinion Poll, National Organization for Victim Assistance, National Organization for Women, national policies, National Rifle Association, National Rifle Association owns our lawmakers. Barbara Thurmond, National Rifle Association owns the Republican Party and our legislators, National Rifle Association owns the Republican Party and they also own our legislators, National Sexual Assault Hotline, National Sexual Violence Resource Center, national trend, National Womens Political Caucus, nature, Navy Veteran, NC Association of Black Lawyers NC Black Elected Municipal Officials, NC Black Leadership Caucus, NC Black Publishers Association, NCLB, NCVIA, NCVIA Board of Directors, Neal Dickert, nearly half the pupils did not pass state requirements for reading and language arts, neck, Need, Need for Role Models, need some help, need to carry a gun, needed some help, needs, needs of crime victims, negative, negative effects, Negative Intragroup Relations, negative votes, negatively affects black youth, neighborhood thugs, Neighborhood Works America, neighborhoods, neighbors, Nelson Mandela, Nelson Mandela helped end Apartheid in South African, Neonatal, Neonatal Icu Nurse, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Nurse, nephew, Networking, Neurology, Neurology Nurse, never afraid, never afraid to say stop the violence, Never Be a Victim of Crime, Never Disclose Their Victimization, never forget, never forget how to Weep, never forget segregation, never forget the past, Never Have To Grow Up, never see, never showed up, never stop believing in Santa Claus, never take himself to seriously, never wins, new, New Creation Missionary Baptist Church, New Hope, New Jersey, New Orleans, new technology, New York, New York Times, newcomer to the delegation, newcomers, newcomers to the Richmond County Legislative Delegation, news, news media, News Service, news stories, news stories TV news story, news story, newspaper, Newspapers, Newsroom@Augustachronicle.Com, Newsroom@Groupz.Net, next to their home, nice, nice to see, nice to see more African American judges behind the judicial bench, nice to see more African American judges in Augusta, nice to see more black faces behind the judicial bench, nice to see more black judges, nice to see more black judges in Augusta, NIDRR, niece, nightmare, Nikasha Dicks, Ninety seven percent of Augusta homicides were blacks killed by other blacks, Ninety seven percent of Richmond County homicides were blacks killed by other blacks, Ninety seven percent of the homicides were blacks killed by other blacks, Niteka Wesbey, Niteka Wesbey killed, Niteka Wesbey murdered, Niteka Wesbey shot, Nixon Cunctator, No African American Research and Development, No Afro-American Research and Development, no bond for murderers, no chance, No Child Left Behind, No Child Left Behind Act, no closure, No Cohesion, no college can match, No Community Orientation, no conscience, no conscience or remorse, no contest, No Cultural Activity, No Cultural Heritage, No Cultural Synthesis, no cure-all, no doubt, no doubt take note of, no easy trick, No Economic Base, No Economic Focus, No Empowerment Program to Needs, No Hospitality, No Lessons Learned, No Mentorship, No Networking, No one can control crime, no one has been charged, No Parental, No Prayer in Schools, No Process, No Professionalism, no real attachment, no reason, no remorse, no reward, no reward offered, No Rite of Passage, no self-respect, No Sponsorship, No Sponsorships, No Synergy, no time to rest, No Unity, no way to tell, No Workforce Training, No Working Together, no-parole mandate, nolo contendere, Nominate, Nominate the hero in your community today, Nomination, nominees, Non-Fiction, non-profit, non-violence, Nonfiction, nonprofit organization, nonprofit organizations, nonprofits, nonviolence, nonviolent offenses, Norcross, Normally, North, North Anna, North Augusta, not address it, not as strong as it could be, not connecting with, Not Doing Business with Black Businesses, not good, not guilty, not have, not in the path of ease and comfort, not just in this city but across the country, not just jumping on the anti-Bush bandwagon, not lost, Not only does the National Rifle Association own the Republican Party they also own our legislators, not realize how fun, not really in favor of, Not Responsible, not to prosecute the killer, not-guilty verdict, nothing is expected of them, Notification, notorious massacres, NOVA, novel, NOW, NPOS, NRA, NRA owns the Republican Party and our legislators, NRA owns the Republican Party and they own our lawmakers, NRC, NSVRC, nuclear bombs, nuclear plants, nuclear power, nuclear power Plant Vogtle, nuclear reactor, Nuclear Reactor Licensing, Nuclear Reactor Re-licensing, Nuclear Reactor Relicensing, nuclear reactors, nuclear war, Numbers are very volatile, numbers show, nurse, nursing, nursing homes, NY, O Lord, Oakland, oath, oath of office, Obama Administration, obituary, observance, observed, Observer, Occupational opportunities were opening, Oct. 16 1997, of black life in white societies, off the streets, off the wall, offender, offender registry, offenders, offenders' registry, offer a reward for information leading to the arrest and conviction of her killer, offer hope to victims of crime, offered, offered their bodies, offered their bodies in exchange for food, offering, offering reward money, offering reward money is no cure-all for crime and violence, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, Officer, officially kill parole, Officials, officiating, oin in the vigil, old, Old Confederacy, old enough, old enough to remember segregation, old enough to remember segregation but has no place in his heart for resentment, old houses, old Jim Crow, old South, Oliver Brown, Oliver L. Brown, on sister, one brother, one brother killing another, One Copenhill, one day, one gun per person per month, one need not be elected to anything to show leadership, one nephew, one niece, one of the 25 most influential people, one sister, one-on-one, one’s hometown, ongoing, ongoing battle, ongoing battle with the National Rifle Association for sensible gun control, Op-Ed Contributor, op-ed on black-on-black crime, open our eyes, open to the public, Opinion, Opinion Poll, Opponents, Opponents of the bill, Opportunity, opportunity for change, opportunity truly is equal, opportunity truly is not equal, oppose, opposed no-parole amendment, opposed the no-parole amendment, opposing the bill, opposition, opposition to gay marriage, oppression, Options, Options are Endless, ordeal, order, Oregon, organization, Organizational Development for Development, organizations, organizations that recognized her work, organizers, organizing annual book fairs, organizing committee, Organon of Scripture: Or the Inductive Method of Biblical Interpretation, Orientation, original bill, Originally created, Oscar Brown, OSERS, other cities, other indescribable evils of the past, other relatives, others denigrate, others denigrate our struggle, otherwise, Otis Moss, Otis Moss III, Otis Moss Jr., our brothers, our friends, our sisters, our struggle, out of jail, out of state, Out of the Rain, out of touch, out of touch with the American people, outgunned, outrage, outraged, outside, Outside Self, outside the state, outstanding individuals, Outstanding Service to the Community, over five thousand children were killed by handguns in one year in America, overall, overall decline in crime, Overcrowded ghettos were created for housing, overtures, overwhelming, Owings Mills, own our legislators, own the Republican Party, Owners, Paducah, pain, pain and suffering, pain ended, pain intensified, pain never ended, painful, painful realization, Paperback, paraplegic, Paraplegics, Pardons, parent, parent leadership education, parental involvement, parental skills, parenting, parents, Parents of Murdered Children, parents of students with disabilities, parole, parole ban, parole would be abolished, parolees, Paroles, part minority ownership, Part of me, Part of me died that day, Part of me died with her that day, partial work, Participation, partnership, partnership with Emory University, Party, pass along reading children, pass easily, passed, passed state requirements, passing, passionate, passive entertainment, passive entertainment like television, past, Past Battering, past blacks don't want to discuss indescribable evils of the past, past Citizens Medal recipients, past military sacrifices, pastor, Pastor James Sanford Lamar, pastor of Tabernacle Baptist Church, Pat Jones, patch a broken heart, patience, patient care, patients, Patricia Colon, Patricia Smith, Patrick Green, Patrick Green: Son Down, patrols, patting you on the back, pay, pay a little extra, pay honor to our founder, pay off, pay tribute to Sheila Stahl, pay tribute to the rising black leaders in Augusta, paying for guns, paying for handguns, PDA, PDA Progressive Southern Strategy, peace, Peach Orchard Road, Peanut farmer, Pearl, peers, penalty, penned, penned in her book, Pennsylvania, People, People against all crime, People against all violence, People against crime, People against violence, people are reading on a lower level, people charged with murder, people charged with murder should not be out on bail, People don't know what to say, people get beat down, People killed by handguns, people killed last year were black men, people lived in hideous conditions under apartheid, People stopped Apartheid, people suffer, people with disabilities, people's constitutional rights, perform, performed, perplexed, persistence, Person, Person Travel, Personal, personal courage, personal dealings, Personal Memoirs, personal responsibility, personal skills, Personal Time, Persons Who Hurt, petition, Peyton Tuthill Foundation, Ph.D., Phalonda, Phalonda Howard, Phalonda Howard killed, Phalonda Howard killer, Phalonda Howard murdered, Phalonda Howard was murdered, phenomenal, Photographs, Phyllis Maclay, Phyllis Maclay: A Bone for the Dog, physical challenge, physical challenges, Physical Health, Physical Impact, physical journey, physical one, physically harmed, physicians, Pikesville, Pilgrim Missionary Baptist Church, pilot grant, pilot program, pipelined into prison, pistol, Pitt County Black Leadership Caucus, places, plague, Plaintiff, plaintiff Oliver L. Brown, planet, Planet Earth, Planned Parenthood, Plant Vogtle, Plantation Acres, platform, play, play a role in the development of the community, play hide-and-seek, play independently, playing a key role, playing field, Playing the Violence Card, plea, plea bargain, plea deal, plead, pleaded, pleaded guilty, pleaded guilty to conspiracy to traffic guns, pleaded no contest, pleaded nolo contendere, pleased, pled guilty, pled nolo contendere, pled not guilty, Poetry, poetry author Eunice Harris, Poetry for All Reasons, polarization, police, police a slumber party, police are outgunned, Police arrested, Police charged, police chief, Police Chief Charles Ramsey, police found signs of a struggle, police officers, police records, policies, policy, policy of strict racial segregation, Polish, polite, politely, Political, Political Activism, political climate, political favors, political favors benefits whites, political favors have had a lasting effect on black people, political favors were the norm, political hucksters, Political Power, Political Science Professor, politically, Politician, Politicians, Politics, politics of the horror, Polls, polls are so bad, polls in November, polluter, polluters, Pollution, Polly Franks Foundation, POMC, poor, poor black youth, poor education, Poor Parenting Skills, Pop's Convenience Store, pope, Pope John Paul II, popular movies, Port of Brunswick, Port of Savannah, Portland, Portrait, portraits of black women, portrayals, portrayed, position of influence, positions of power, positive role models, possible delay, post information, post-civil rights area African-Americans are too comfortable, posting bond, postponed, poverty, Power, Power in Numbers, Power structure, power to make a difference, powerful, powerful degradation, Powerful Words of Wisdom, practice clinical psychology, practice medicine, practice medicine in Georgia, practice these skills, practice these skills by reading, practiced in South Africa to maintain dominance by the white minority, praise, pray, prayer, prayer vigil, prayer vigil endeavor, precedence, precious values, predecessors, pregnant, prejudice, Pres. Jimmy Carter Center, Pres. Obama, Pres. Richard Nixon, Presbyterian, presentations, president, President And Co-Founder, president and co-founder of Blacks Against Black Crime, president and co-founder of Blacks Against Black Crime Inc., President Barack Obama, President Bush did not attend the NAACP Convention, President Bush made a campaign promise to renew the ban on assault weapons, President Carter, President Georgia Bush, President Gerald Ford, President Jimmy Carter, President Obama, president of Blacks Against Black Crime, president of Blacks Against Black Crime Inc., president of Blacks Against Black Crime Inc. in Augusta, president of Blacks Against Black Crimes, president of Blacks Against Black Crimes Inc., president of Blacks Against Crimes Inc. in Augusta, President Reagan-induced poverty, President Ronald Reagan, Presidential election, Press Release, Press Releases, presume, presumes a defendant is guilty, pretty good, Prevent Child Abuse Augusta, Prevent Child Abuse Georgia, prevent conflicts, prevent crime, prevent problems, prevent youth violence, preventing crime, preventing Democratic voters, prevention, prevention and resources, Prevention Institute, prevention of crime National Coalition Of Victims In Action Board of Directors, Prideful, primary education, primary school, principal, Prints, prioritize health issues, prison, prison sentence, prison term, prisoners, private law practice, private sector, Private Sector Owners and Employees, private-sector leader James Kendrick, private-sector leader Steven Kendrick, private-sector leaders, private-sector leaders James Kendrick and his son Steven Kendrick, private-sector leaders such as James Kendrick and Steven Kendrick, Pro Tem Sonny Perdue, Pro-Racism, proactive crime prevention, probation for using a pipe to beat to death another man, probes crime in black community, problem, problem oriented police, problem oriented policing, problems, problems that contribute to the disproportionate number of black victims, process, Process Improvement, producer, Producer Kenneth "Baby Face" Edmonds, Producer Kenneth Edmonds, product, professional learning, professor, professor Charles Bullock, professor of political science, profit on each gun, profit on each handgun, Profound Effect, program, Program Specialist, Progressive Democrats of America, Progressive Democrats of America Progressive Southern Strategy, Progressive Pupil, Progressive Southern Strategy, prohibit, prohibiting cities, prohibiting Georgia cities, prohibits, project, projects, projects to protect children, prominent African American politician, prominent black politician, promising leads, promote community awareness, promote greater public awareness, promote psycho-social development, promote psycho-social development of children, promote unity, prompt, prompted, propel, propel a large number, propel a large number of black voters to the polls, propel black voters to the polls, proper parenting, property values, Proponent, proposal, proposals, proposed the idea, prosecute the killer, prosecuted, prosecuted homicide cases, prosecuted homicide cases equitably, Prosecutor, prosecutors, protect, protect and help sexual assault, protect children, protect the community, protect victims' rights, Protecting Children From Violence, Protection, Protest Wall Street Greed, Protesters, proud, proud and unbending in honest defeat, proud graduate, proud graduate of Lucy C. Laney High School, proud graduate of Lucy C. Laney High School Class of 1968, proved, proven true, provide, provide health care, provide information, provide inspiration for others, Providence Place Apartments, provides, providing, Proyecto Derechos Civiles, psycho-social development, Psychological Impact, psychologists, psychologists with doctorates, psychology, public, Public Awareness, Public Citizen, public health threats, public perception, public schools, public to meet, published, publisher, publisher AuthorHouse, pulled next to the vehicle, Pulse Points of a Woman's World, pupils, pupils did not pass state requirements, Purple Patches Down On The Side Of The Road, pursuing the violent lives, push, push reading, pushed, pushing for the bill, quackery, Quaker Oats, quality arts education, Queen mother of the American Civil Rights Movement, Queen Quet, Queen Quet Marquetta Goodwine, quest, quest for social justice, questionnaire, questions, questions unanswered, Quick Involvement, Quincy Murphy, quite a deal for the price, R-Atlanta, R-Augusta, R-Evans, R-Marietta, R. W. Carroll, Rabbi Robert G. Klensin, Race, race, races, racial segregation practiced in South Africa, Racism, Racist, rainbows, RAINN, raise public awareness, raises his hand, Raising awareness, raising awareness of gun violence, Raleigh-Wake Citizens Association, Ramblewood Apartments, Random House, random violence, rape, Rape, rape and domestic violence victims, Rape and Sexual Assault Crisis Line, Rape Crisis and Sexual Assault, Rape Crisis and Sexual Assault Services, Rape Crisis and Sexual Assault Services (RCSAS) in Augusta, Rape Crisis and Sexual Assault Services at University Hospital in Augusta, Rape Crisis and Sexual Assault Services in Augusta, Rape Crisis and Sexual Services Advisory Board, Rape Crisis Center, Rape Crisis Line, rape numbers are not declining, rape of an Augusta woman, rape victim, rape victims, Rape, Abuse, and Incest National Network, rapes, raping, rapport with the community, Raps, Raps Georgia law protecting gun industry, Raymond A. Soto, RCSAS, re-election, reach into the future, read, read on a first-grade level, read the material, read together, read well, reader, reading, reading a great book, reading and language arts, reading expands minds, Reading his story, reading in our public schools, reading list of a literature class, reading together, real tragedy, realists, reality, reared, reasons, reassure the community, Reba Sarkar, Rebecca "Ashley" Wright, Rebuild The Dream,
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Ubamarket: improving the in-store experience with Google Cloud Platform
About Ubamarket
Ubamarket is a shopping app that rearranges shopping lists in to the order items are displayed in the store, allowing users to scan as they shop and receive personalized offers.
Industries: Retail & Consumer Goods
Products: App Engine, BigQuery, Cloud Datastore, API Analytics, Firebase
About Digital Management, Inc. (DMI)
Headquartered in the United States, DMI is the world’s first end-to-end mobility company, combining all the skills and services necessary to deliver mobile enterprise solutions.
With Google Cloud Platform and DMI’s help, Ubamarket built a highly scalable, robust app that makes grocery shopping easier for customers while generating more revenue for retailers.
Builds a robust, scalable foundation for rapid growth with Google App Engine
Gains insight on customer behaviour with Google BigQuery
Minimizes hassle and DevOps costs with simplified cloud management and no hardware setup
Increased customer basket sizes by 21% over a year
By connecting shopping lists with real-time in-store data, the Ubamarket app makes grocery shopping easier, faster and a better value for customers while boosting revenue for supermarkets. Rearranging shopping lists to provide the best route through a store, helping users avoid checkout queues with scan-as-you-shop technology and automatically offering the best deals and loyalty bonuses, Ubamarket is a “magic shopping list” according to its CEO and founder Will Broome. After a successful year trialing the app in a UK supermarket and featuring in a BBC documentary, Ubamarket is set to launch in three more stores and is in talks with several leading supermarket brands throughout the world. Back in 2015, Ubamarket turned to retail technology specialists DMI to help turn its vision for a better in-store experience into reality. To do that, DMI and Ubamarket chose to build on Google Cloud Platform(GCP).
“For the infrastructure, the main criteria for me was absolute trust in the brand providing it,” says Will. “We look after huge amounts of data and product files from different retailers, so the mechanics behind everything needs to be in the most secure, robust, trusted solution imaginable. For us that was Google.”
“Google Cloud Platform and, specifically, Google App Engine is always our first choice for a platform. In comparison with other solutions, we find it quicker to roll out and we see fewer issues along the way.”
—Magnus Jern, Chief Innovation Officer, DMI
Scaling at speed with Google App Engine
After extensive market research, Ubamarket knew that it had to solve a number of problems to be successful. It needed to dynamically process stock and location data about in-store items, scan barcodes, and integrate a store’s payments and loyalty systems. In addition, Ubamarket planned for rapid expansion and a global presence, so it needed an infrastructure that could scale at speed without compromising on performance or security.
With over ten years experience with UK retailers, DMI was clear that Google Cloud Platform was the right solution for Ubamarket. With Google App Engine at its core, the company could build and scale its infrastructure quickly without needing to spend time and resources installing and configuring on-premises hardware. Using Google Cloud Datastore, Ubamarket set up its databases easily, automating encryption and backups and providing the ability to scale without disruption or installing additional hardware. As more and more data comes in, Ubamarket has turned to Google BigQuery to go beyond analyzing just spending habits and can now gain insights into customer behaviour as well.
“Google Cloud Platform and, specifically, Google App Engine is always our first choice for a platform,” says Magnus Jern, Chief Innovation Officer at DMI. “In comparison with other solutions, we find it quicker to roll out and we see fewer issues along the way.”
“It’s good to get your partners in place and stick with them. The relationship we’ve built with DMI has been absolutely crucial. With Google Cloud Platform, the foundation is there and we can just build on it. As we grow, the infrastructure will grow around us.”
—Will Broome, CEO and Founder, Ubamarket
A platform for today, a partner for tomorrow
With Google Cloud Platform at its heart, Ubamarket’s year-long trial was an unequivocal success that saw customer basket sizes grow by 21%. Meanwhile, Google App Engine’s ease of use and lack of management means that the company can scale with ease without spending valuable resources on DevOps. Google’s flexible pricing ensured that the company could build an infrastructure appropriate to its needs at the start of its journey and scale up affordably when it needed to. With DMI’s continued involvement, Ubamarket is constantly looking for ways to improve its platform, whether it’s using Google Analytics on Firebase and Google BigQuery to provide more insight or Google Firebase messaging to send push notifications to app-users. As it looks to expand into international markets, Ubamarket can also capitalize on Google’s network of cloud regions to ensure high performance and regulatory compliance across the world. With a robust, scalable platform at its heart, Ubamarket can look to Google to help it continue to grow and provide the best possible service well into the future.
“It’s good to get your partners in place and stick with them,” says Will. “The relationship we’ve built with DMI has been absolutely crucial. With Google Cloud Platform, the foundation is there and we can just build on it. As we grow, the infrastructure will grow around us.”
App Engine BigQuery Cloud Datastore API Analytics Firebase
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William H. Nichols Medal
Die William H. Nichols Medal ist ein jährlich verliehener Preis in Chemie der American Chemical Society (New York Sektion). Er ist nach William H. Nichols (1852–1930) benannt, einem Chemiker und Geschäftsmann, der 1899 General Chemical und 1920 Allied Chemical (später Allied Signal) gründete. Er stiftete die Medaille 1902.
Die Medaille mit einem Bild von Dr. Faust im Labor war ursprünglich aus Gold, später aus Bronze. Der Preis ist mit 5000 Dollar dotiert. Er wird für herausragende chemische Forschung in den letzten fünf Kalenderjahren vergeben und bei einem Symposium überreicht, das dem Spezialgebiet des Preisträgers gewidmet ist.
PreisträgerBearbeiten
Jeweils mit offizieller Begründung. Unter den Preisträgern waren bis 2013 fünfzehn Nobelpreisträger (Langmuir, der als Einziger den Preis zweimal erhielt, Pauling, du Vigneaud, Seaborg, Debye, Flory, Nirenberg, Taube, Merrifield, Smalley, Corey, Hoffmann, Zewail, MacDiarmid, Sharpless).
1903 Edward B. Vorhees (1856–1911), Studies in Denitrification
1904 nicht verliehen
1905 Charles L. Parsons, Atomic Weight of Berylium
1906 Marston T. Bogert, Researches on Quinazolines
1907 Howard B. Bishop, Estimation of Arsenic
1908 William H. Walker, Corrosion of Iron and Steel
1909 William A. Noyes, H. C. P. Weber Atomic Weight of Chlorine
1910 Leo Hendrik Baekeland Synthesis, Constitution, and Industrial Application of Bakelite and Soluble and Fusible Resinous Condensation Products of Formaldehyde and Phenol
1911 Martin André Rosanoff (1874–1951), Charles William Easley Partial Vapor Pressure of Binary Mixtures
1912 Charles James, Rare Earth Compounds
1914 Moses Gomberg, Triphenyl Methyl
1915 Irving Langmuir, Chemical Reactions at Low Pressures
1916 Claude S. Hudson, Acetyl Derivatives of the Sugars
1918 Treat S. Johnson, Researches on Pyrimidines
1920 Irving Langmuir, Arrangements of Electrons in Atoms and Molecules
1921 Gilbert N. Lewis, Third Law of Thermodynamics
1923 Thomas Midgley Junior, Use of Anti-Knock Compounds in Motor Fuels
1924 Charles A. Kraus, Properties of Nonaqueous Solutions
1925 Edward Curtis Franklin, Alcohols, Aldehydes and Acids of the Ammonia System
1926 Samuel C. Lind, Chemical Activation by Alpha Particles
1927 Roger Adams, Acids of Chaulmoogra Oil and Related Compounds
1928 Hugh S. Taylor, Catalysis as an Inspiration of Fundamental Research
1929 William L. Evans, Contributions to the Chemistry of Carbohydrates
1930 Samuel E. Sheppard, Chemistry of Photography
1931 John A. Wilson, Colloid Chemistry as Applied to Leather and Sanitation
1932 James B. Conant, Chemistry of Chlorophyll
1934 Henry C. Sherman, Chemistry of Vitamins
1935 Julius A. Nieuwland, Basic Work on Synthesis from Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
1936 William M. Clark, Hydrogen Ion Concentration and Oxidation Reduction Equilibria
1937 Frank C. Whitmore, Metallo-organic Compounds, Especially those of Mercury. In the Field of Aliphatic Chemistry, Particularly In Molecular Rearrangements and in the Polymerization of Olefins
1938 Phoebus Levene, Configurational Relationships of the Simpler Optically Active Organic Compounds
1939 Joel H. Hildebrand, Solubility of Nonelectrolytes
1940 John M. Nelson, Contributions in the Field of Enzyme Chemistry
1941 Linus Pauling, Fundamental Inquiry in the Nature of the Chemical Bond
1942 Duncan A. MacInnes, Contributions to Electrochemistry
1943 Arthur B. Lamb, Investigations in Inorganic and Physical Chemistry. Leadership in Defense Against Poison Gas; and as a Teacher Administrator and Editor
1944 Carl S. Marvel, Organic Chemical Contributions to the Study of Polymers
1945 Vincent du Vigneaud, Researches on the Structure of Biotin and other Contributionsto Biochemistry
1946 Wendell M. Stanley, Contributions to the Chemistry of the Viruses
1947 George B. Kistiakowsky, Contributions in the Field of Reaction Kinetics, Spectroscopy of Polyatomic Molecules and Heat Effects in Organic Reactions
1948 Glenn T. Seaborg, Co-discoverer of Pu, Am and Cm, Preeminent in the Fields of Nuclear Fission, Plutonium Production, and the Transuranium Elements
1949 Izaak Kolthoff, World Leadership in Analytical Chemistry and Contributions to the Theories of Interfacial Phenomena and Electrode Reactions
1950 Oskar Wintersteiner, Fundamental Contributions to the Fields of Insulin Chemistry, Steroid Hormones, Antibiotics and Alkaloids, and the First Isolation in Crystalline Form of Penicillin-G and Streptomycin
1951 Henry Eyring, Contributions to the Theory of Rate Processes in Chemistry, Biology, Metallurgy and Physics
1952 Frank H. Spedding, Pioneer Work in the Chemistry and Production of Pure Rare Earth and Actinide Elements
1953 Reynold C. Fuson, Pioneer Work on Stable Enols, Enediols, Unusual Grignard Reactions and Nucleophilic Substitutions
1954 Charles P. Smyth, Application of Dielectric Measurements in Elucidation of Molecular Structure and Properties of Liquids and Crystals
1955 Wendell M. Latimer, Pioneer Studies on the Thermodynamics of Electrolytes, Especially the Entropies of Ions in Aqueous Solutions
1956 Robert Burns Woodward, Brilliant Original Concepts and Their Use in Elucidation of Structure and Synthesis of Complex Natural Products
1957 Louis P. Hammett, Giving Impetus, Direction and Highly Original Concepts to Physical Organic Chemistry
1958 Melvin Calvin, Elucidating the Mechanism of the Photosynthetic Fixation of Carbon Dioxide
1959 Herbert C. Brown, Important Original Contributions to Boron Chemistry, the Concept of Steric Strains and Aromatic Substitution
1960 Herman F. Mark, Pioneer Contributions to Pure and Applied Polymer Science
1961 Peter Debye, Basic Contributions to Theory in the Area Where Chemistry Merges with Physics
1962 Paul J. Flory, Creative Contributions to Theoretical and Experimental Research on the Physical Chemistry of Macromolecules
1963 Louis F. Fieser, Superlative Lecturer, Teacher and Writer on Organic Chemistry. Pioneering Investigator of Polynuclear Compounds
1964 Arthur C. Cope, For Unselfish Devotion to the Profession of Chemistry Particularly in the Dissemination of Scientific Information - for Long-continued and Productive Research in Organic Chemistry -for Outstanding Service in the Education of Chemists at All Levels
1965 Herbert E. Carter For Long-continued and Productive Research in Organic and Biochemistry
1966 Frederick D. Rossini For Outstanding Contributions to the Area of Thermodynamics through Research, Writing, Organization
1967 Karl Folkers For His Achievements in Chemistry Particularly in Vitamins and Antibiotics of Significance in Medicine
1968 William Summer Johnson Total Synthesis of Triterpenoids and Steroids: Stereospecific Cyclization Reactions
1969 Marshall Nirenberg For His Studies on Protein Synthesis in Cell Free Systems Which Have Resulted in Deciphering the Genetic Code
1970 Britton Chance For Imaginative Application of Physical Methods of Elucidation of the Chemical Mechanism of Action of Enzyme Systems which provide Living Organisms with the Free Energy required for Life and Growth
1971 Henry Taube For Outstanding Creative Contribution in the Discipline of Inorganic Chemistry Especially Kinetics and the Mechanism of Reactions
1972 John D. Roberts For Pioneering Studies of Organic Reaction Mechanism and Applications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Molecular Orbital Theory in Organic Chemistry
1973 R. Bruce Merrifield For Development of the Solid Phase Method of Synthesis of Peptides and Proteins and the Stimulation This Method Gave to the Study of Polypeptides
1974 Harold A. Scheraga For Original Theoretical and Experimental Investigationsof Protein Structures and Interactions. Including the Role of Solventsin Protein Conformations
1975 F. Albert Cotton For His Contributions in the Field of Inorganic Chemistry Which Have Been Characterized by Insight Imagination and Extraordinary Breadth. In Particular for Basic and Original Work on Metal Carbonyl Metal Atom Cluster and Fluxional Organometallic Compounds
1976 Paul D. Bartlett For Outstanding Contributions to the Development of PhysicalOrganic Chemistry
1977 Elias J. Corey For Contributions to Organic Chemistry. In Particularin the Technology Art and Logic of Organic Synthesis
1978 Frank Alden Bovey For Research into the Structure of High Polymers and Insights into the Relationship between Structures and Properties
1979 Choh Hao Li For Unlocking the Chemical Secrets of the Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary Gland Particularly ACTH, HGH, LPH and beta Endorphin
1980 Gilbert Stork For Outstanding Contributions to the Methodology and Art of Synthetic Organic Chemistry and for Landmarks in Natural Product Synthesis
1981 Roald Hoffmann For His Outstanding Contributions in Orbital Symmetry and Electronic Structure of Transition States and Intermediates
1982 Frank H. Westheimer For Outstanding Contributions Both to Physical-organic and to Bio-organic Chemistry Which Have Clarified Rationalized and Illuminated These Fields
1983 Neil Bartlett For His Synthetic Work Including the First Compound of a Noble Gas
1984 Fred McLafferty For His Outstanding Contributions to Mass Spectrometry and Computer-Assisted Techniques in Analytical Chemistry
1985 Jerome A. Berson For His Penetrating Insights into the Mechanisms of Organic Reactions
1986 Michael J. S. Dewar For His Outstanding Contributions in the Field of Theoretical Organic Chemistry
1987 Kurt Mislow For Pioneering Contributions to the Theory and Practice of Stereochemistry
1988 Ralph F. Hirschmann For His Outstanding Contributions in the Field of Medicinal Chemistry
1989 Ronald Breslow For His Contributions to a Unique Combination of Physical Organic Bioorganic and Biomimetic Chemistry
1990 John D. Baldeschwieler For Outstanding Contributions in the Field of Chemical Physics as Applied to Structures and Reactions of Practical Importance
1991 J. Calvin Giddings For Profound Theoretical Insights and Outstanding Innovations in Separation Science
1992 Koji Nakanishi For His Exceptional Structural Studies of Bioactive Molecules Using Novel and Ingenious Microscale Methods
1993 Richard E. Smalley For Development of Cluster Chemistry; Notably Buckminsterfullerene
1994 Peter B. Dervan For Contributions to Bioorganic Chemistry: In Particular in the Methods and Chemical Principles for Recognition of Nucleic Acids by Synthetic Molecules
1995 Stephen J. Lippard For Creative Contributions in Bioinorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Characterized by Extraordinary Breadth and Depth That Have Profoundly Stimulated Other Researchers and Disciplines
1996 K. C. Nicolaou For Creative Work in the Art and Science of Chemical Synthesis and Molecular Design
1997 Jacqueline K. Barton For Her Contributions to Bioinorganic Chemistry: In Particular n the Application of Transition Metal Complexes to Probe DNA Recognitionand Reactions
1998 Ahmed H. Zewail For Pioneering the Development of the Field of Femtochemistry
1999 Samuel J. Danishefsky For his contributions to bioorganic chemistry: in particular for creative contributions at the interface of organic synthesis and biology
2000 Barry M. Trost For Outstanding Contributions in the Use of Novel Methodologies for Synthetic Chemistry
2001 Stuart L. Schreiber For Outstanding Contributions to Understanding Signal Transduction Pathways by Merging Synthetic Organic Chemistry and Molecular Cell Biology Approaches
2002 Alan G. MacDiarmid For Outstanding Contributions to the Field of Conducting Polymers
2003 Harry B. Gray For The Currents of Life: Electron Flow Through Iron and Copper Proteins
2004 Allen J. Bard For the Invention and Development of the Scanning Electrochemical Microscope (SECM) which has Allowed High Resolution Chemical Imaging of Surfaces and Reactions on the Nanometer Scale
2005 Richard N. Zare For Pioneering Studies of Chemical Reactions on the Molecular Level
2006 K. Barry Sharpless For Click Chemistry, A New Strategy for Chemical Discovery
2007 Nicholas J. Turro For Pioneering Research on the Photochemistry of Organic Molecules and Supramolecular Systems
2008 Nadrian C. Seeman For Founding and Establishing the Field of Structural DNA Nanotechnology
2009 Carolyn R. Bertozzi For New Methods at the Interface of Chemistry and Biology
2010 Tobin J. Marks For Pioneering Research in Catalysis and Soft Matter Electronics
2011 Julius Rebek For Advances in the Science of Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation
2012 Alan G. Marshall For Advances in Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry
2013 Richard Eisenberg For Contributions to Inorganic Photochemistry
2014 Amos B. Smith For Outstanding Contributions to Synthetic Organic Chemistry
2015 Gábor A. Somorjai For outstanding Contributions to the Elucidation of Novel Highly Selective Nanocatalysts
2016 Stephen L. Buchwald For Landmark Contributions to Organometallic Chemistry, Ligand Design and Catalysis
2017 Chad A. Mirkin For Pioneering Practical Applications of Nanochemistry
2018 Debra R. Rolison For Pioneering 3D Nanoarchitectures for Energy-relevant Materials
2019 Vicki H. Grassian For Outstanding Contributions to Interfacial Environmental Chemistry[1]
↑ Nichols Medalist for 2019 . In: New York and New Jersey Sections of the American Chemical Society (Hrsg.): The Indicator . Band 99, Nr. 9, November 2018, S. 17 (theindicator.org [PDF; 1,9 MB; abgerufen am 15. Januar 2019]).
Abgerufen von „https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_H._Nichols_Medal&oldid=184761968“
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Tag Archives: Cover-Ups (Attributed)
The Foundations for a Patient-Centred NHS Learning Culture? (Department of Health / BBC News)
Summary This “Learning Not Blaming” report presents the government’s response to (i) the Francis Freedom to Speak Up review, (ii) the Morecambe Bay Investigation, and (iii) the Public Administration Select Committee’s report on clinical incidents. The common theme for addressing … Continue reading →
Posted in Acute Hospitals, Commissioning, Community Care, Department of Health, For Carers (mostly), For Doctors (mostly), For Nurses and Therapists (mostly), For Researchers (mostly), In the News, Integrated Care, Local Interest, Management of Condition, National, NHS, NHS Improvement, Non-Pharmacological Treatments, Patient Care Pathway, Person-Centred Care, Quick Insights, Standards, UK, Universal Interest | Tagged Authority Gradients vs Freedom to Speak Up, Aviation Industry, Avoidable Harm, Avoidable Mortality, Avoidable Premature Mortality, BBC Leicester News, BBC Panorama, BBC Panorama: Doctors on Trial, Capacity and Capability of Regulators, Care Quality Commission, Care Quality Commission (CQC) Inspection Regime, Care Seven Days a Week, Charlie Massey: Chief Executive of GMC, Clinical Incident Investigations, Clinical Incidents in the NHS, Clinical Risk Recognition and Planning, Comfort Seeking Organisations, Commons Public Administration Select Committee (PASC), Complaints and Raising Concerns, Complaints Handling, Complexity in the Complaints System, Consequences of the Francis Inquiry Report, Continuous Learning Culture, Corporate Self-Interest (Ahead of Patients), Cover-Ups (Attributed), Culture, Culture and Leadership, Culture Change in the NHS, Culture of Candour, Culture of Safety, Cumbria, Cumbria Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Delayed Problem Recognition, Doctor Hadiza Bawa-Garba, Dr Bill Kirkup CBE, Dr Mike Durkin: NHS England’s Director of Patient Safety, Dr Mike Durkin: Patient Safety Investigation Service, Duty of Candour, Elevated Weekend Hospital Mortality, Five Year Forward View, Five Year Forward View (NHS England), Former Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt, Francis Freedom to Speak Up Report, Freedom to Speak Up (FTSU) Report, Freedom to Speak Up Guardian, Freedom to Speak Up Guardians, Freedom to Speak Up Report, Freedom to Speak Up Report: Principle 1: Culture of Safety, Freedom to Speak Up Report: Principle 2: Culture of Raising Concerns, Freedom to Speak Up Report: Principle 7: Raising and Reporting Concerns, Freedom to Speak Up? (Whistleblowing Review), Furness General Hospital, Furness General Hospital Dementia Unit, Furness General Hospital in Cumbria, Furness General Hospital: Ramsay Unit, Health Systems in Transition (HiT), Healthwatch, Honesty and Transparency, Hospital Mortality, Hospital Mortality Rates, House of Commons Public Administration Select Committee (PASC), Implications of the Francis Inquiry Report, Improving Services For Patients: Not Defending the System, Incident Reporting, Independent National Officer, Independent National Officer (INO), Independent Patient Safety Investigation Service, Independent Patient Safety Investigation Service (IPSIS), Intelligent Transparency, IPSIS: Independent Patient Safety Investigation Service, Just Culture, Learning Culture, Learning for Improvement, Learning from Complaints, Learning From Errors and Failures in Care, Learning Not Blaming, Listening to Patients Families and Staff, Local Freedom to Speak Up Guardians, MBRRACE-UK (Mothers and Babies – Reducing Risk Through Audits and Confidential Enquiries Across the UK), Monitor, Morecambe Bay Inquiry, Morecambe Bay Investigation Report, Mortality at the Weekend, National Clinical Assessment Service (NCAS), Negative Culture, Never Events, NHS Accountability, NHS Corporate Self-Interest, NHS Culture, NHS England Never Events Taskforce, NHS Five Year Forward View (5YFV), NHS Managerial Self-Interest, NHS Micro-Climates, NHS Patient Safety Culture, NHS Trust Development Authority (NHS TDA), NHS Trust Development Authority (NTDA), NHS Trust Development Authority (TDA), No Harm Culture, Open and Honest Incident Reporting, Open and Supportive Culture, Openness, Over-Complexity, Over-Reliance on External Approval, Over-Reliance on External Judgments, Over-Reliance on Judgments of Others, Panorama (BBC TV), Panorama: Doctors on Trial, Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman, Patient Safety, Patient Safety in the NHS, Police: Complaints, Preventable Hospital Mortality, Problem Sensing, Problem Sensing Organisations (Versus Comfort Seeking Organisations), Public Administration Select Committee (PASC), Public Administration Select Committee Report into Clinical Incident Investigations, Recommendations for the University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Reducing Complexity, Reduction in Bureaucracy, Regulating Healthcare Systems, Regulating Healthcare Systems: Monitor, Regulation, Regulators, Regulators Sharing Information, Regulatory and Professional Bodies, Regulatory Gaps in Healthcare, Regulatory System, Repercussions From the Francis Inquiry Report, Report Into Maternity Care at Cumbria’s Furness General Hospital, Report of the Morecambe Bay Investigation, Reporting Culture, Reporting Mistakes, Rhona Flin: Aberdeen University, Rt Hon Jeremy Hunt MP: Former Secretary of State for Health, Scrutiny of Perinatal and Maternal Deaths, Second Mid Staffs: Furness General Hospital Parallels, Serious and Untoward Incidents (SUIs), Service Redesign, Seven Day Care in England, Seven Day Services, Small Business Enterprise and Employment Act 2015 (SBEEA), Speaking Up: Resolving NHS Complaints and Preventing Problems Recurring, Surgical Never Events, Target Culture, Target-Chasing (Hitting the Target Missing the Point), Transparency, Transparency and Accountability, Transparent Learning Culture, University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Trust, Unnecessary In-Hospital Deaths, User Complaints, Valuing Complaints, Weekend Effect, Weekend Mortality Rates, Weekend Services, Weekend Working, Whistleblowing, Workplace Culture | Leave a comment
CQC Inspection Report Criticises Furness General Hospital Dementia Unit (BBC News)
Summary The Care Quality Commission (CQC) attributed problems in the standards of care in the Ramsay Unit at Furness General Hospital primarily to “chronic staff shortages”. New admissions to the unit were halted by the Cumbria Partnership NHS Foundation Trust briefly, after an … Continue reading →
Posted in Acute Hospitals, BBC News, CQC: Care Quality Commission, For Carers (mostly), For Nurses and Therapists (mostly), In the News, National, NHS, NHS England, Patient Care Pathway, Proposed for Next Newsletter, Quick Insights, Standards, UK, Universal Interest | Tagged Avoidable Harm, Avoidable Mortality, Avoidable Premature Mortality, Capacity and Capability of Regulators, Care Quality Commission (CQC), Care Quality Commission Monitor and Department of Health Liaison, Central Manchester Report (December 2011), Central Manchester University Hospital Diagnostic Review (2011), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Centre for Maternal and Child Enquiries (CMACE), Clinical Risk Recognition and Planning, Complexity in the Complaints System, Corporate Self-Interest (Ahead of Patients), Cover-Ups (Attributed), CQC Failings, CQC Hospital Inspections, Culture, Culture Change in the NHS, Cumbria, Cumbria Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, David Behan: Chief Executive of Care Quality Commission, David Bennett: Chief Executive of Monitor, David Flory: Chief Executive of NHS Trust Development Authority, Delayed Problem Recognition, Dr Bill Kirkup CBE, Dr Mike Durkin: NHS England’s Director of Patient Safety, Dr Peter Carter: Chief Executive and General Secretary Royal College of Nursing, Failure of Communications and Inadequate Processes, False Assurance, Fielding Report, Flynn Report, Former Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt, Foundation Trust Status, Foundation Trust Status Distractions, Freedom to Speak Up Report: Principle 1: Culture of Safety, Freedom to Speak Up Report: Principle 2: Culture of Raising Concerns, Freedom to Speak Up Report: Principle 7: Raising and Reporting Concerns, Furness General Hospital, Furness General Hospital Dementia Unit, Furness General Hospital in Cumbria, Furness General Hospital: Ramsay Unit, General Medical Council (GMC), Gold Command, Gold Command Process, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), Health and Social Care (Community Health and Standards) Act 2003, Health Systems in Transition (HiT), Hospital Mortality, Hospital Mortality Rates, Inspection and Regulation, Joshua Titcombe, Kirkup Recommendations for Wider NHS, Lack of Clarity About Roles, Lack of Clarity on Overall Responsibility, Local Supervising Authority, Local Supervising Authority Midwifery Officer (LSAMO), Missed Opportunities, Morecambe Bay Inquiry, Morecambe Bay Investigation Report, Negative Culture, NHS Accountability, NHS Corporate Self-Interest, NHS Culture, NHS Litigation Authority (NHSLA), NHS Litigation Authority’s Clinical Negligence Scheme for Trusts (CNST) Reports, NHS Managerial Self-Interest, NHS Micro-Climates, NHS Regulation, NHSLA Accreditation, North West Health Authority, North West Strategic Health Authority (NW SHA), Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC), Openness, Over-Complexity, Over-Reliance on External Approval, Over-Reliance on External Judgments, Over-Reliance on Judgments of Others, Parliamentary and Health Services Ombudsman, Patient Safety, Peter Carter: Royal College of Nursing, Preventable Hospital Mortality, PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) review of Trust-Wide Governance, Professor Sir Bruce Keogh, Quality Surveillance Groups, Recommendations for the University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Reducing Complexity, Regulating Healthcare Systems, Regulating Healthcare Systems: Monitor, Regulation, Regulators, Regulators Sharing Information, Regulatory and Professional Bodies, Regulatory Gaps in Healthcare, Regulatory System, Report Into Maternity Care at Cumbria’s Furness General Hospital, Report of the Morecambe Bay Investigation, Rt Hon Jeremy Hunt MP: Former Secretary of State for Health, Safe Staffing Levels, Scrutiny, Scrutiny of Perinatal and Maternal Deaths, Second Mid Staffs: Furness General Hospital Parallels, Serious and Untoward Incidents (SUIs), Simon Stevens: Chief Executive of NHS England, Staffing (Hospitals), Staffing Levels, Systems Complexity, Target Culture, Target-Chasing (Hitting the Target Missing the Point), Transparency and Accountability, Una O’Brien: Department of Health, Unannounced Care Quality Commission Inspection, Unannounced Hospital Inspections, University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Trust, Unnecessary In-Hospital Deaths, Whistleblowing, Workplace Culture | Leave a comment
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Israel’s Gaza ground offensive gathers pace as conflict with Hamas goes into Day 11
Barack Obama, Etats-Unis, François Hollande, France, Frères musulmans, Gaza, Gaza Strip, Hamas, Hezbollah, IDF, iran, Ismail Haniyeh, israel, Mahmoud Abbas, mohamed morsi, Terrorism, troops tackling Hamas tunnels
Large numbers of troops tackling Hamas tunnels,
infrastructure, terror operatives; 18,000 more reservists to be called as PM says campaign may expand further; cabinet voted unanimously for land op.; earlier, terror tunnel attack thwarted near kibbutz
The Times of Israel is liveblogging events as they unfold through Friday, the eleventh day of Operation Protective Edge. On Thursday night, Israel launched a major ground offensive on Hamas in Gaza, initially focused on Hamas’s under-border tunnels, after a day of ceasefire efforts in Cairo. The land operation was approved unanimously by the Israeli security cabinet. Hamas, which failed with a pre-dawn terror attack from a tunnel near a border kibbutz, and fired rockets into Israel throughout the day, is vowing that Israel will pay dearly for sending in its troops.
The IDF began a ground invasion of the Gaza Strip on Thursday night with the stated goals of dealing a blow to Hamas’s terrorist infrastructure, including destroying tunnels under the border with Israel, and harming the Hamas military wing.
The decision on the ground offensive was taken by unanimous vote of the security cabinet “several days ago,” said cabinet member Gilad Erdan (Likud). Justice Minister Tzipi Livni (Hatnua) said she did not back it lightly, but had no doubt that it was necessary.
“This is the second stage of the operation,” said IDF Spokesman Moti Almoz, referring to Operation Protective Edge, launched 10 days ago to stop Hamas rocket fire. He said large numbers of ground forces, backed by air and sea power and intelligence support, had been despatched to “tackle the [Hamas] tunnels, the terror infrastructure and the operatives.”
The IDF had spent the past few days making final preparations for the ground offensive, he said. “Our forces heading to their goals are determined and full of motivation.”
The IDF spokesman called on residents of Gaza “to evacuate areas where the IDF is operating.”
The ground offensive, he said, would expand as necessary.
A heavy artillery barrage began at around 9.00 p.m. local time and an hour later considerable numbers of troops had moved into the Hamas-controlled territory. Large numbers of infantry, tanks, and military engineers poured into the coastal enclave under the cover of darkness. Multiple flares could be seen floating across the sky lighting the ground below.
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Defense Minister Moshe Ya’alon gave the final order to send the forces into action, hours after the IDF thwarted an attempted terror attack via a Hamas tunnel near Kibbutz Sufa. “Through terror tunnels such as these Hamas terrorists infiltrated Israeli territory early this morning with the aim of carrying out mass terrorist attacks against Israeli citizens,” Netanyahu said.
“We are not surprised by the ground operation by Israel,” said Palestinian leader Mahmoud Abbas, Channel 2 reported. “It will only complicate the situation.”
According to the IDF, the expansion of Operation Protective Edge “will include close coordination between IDF units including infantry, armored corps, engineer corps, artillery, and intelligence combined with aerial and naval support” as well as support from the Shin Bet and intelligence agencies.
Channel 2 reported that the Israeli Air Force struck a rocket warehouse at the Wafa Hospital in Gaza City, and that the Israeli Navy shelled Gaza’s harbor as well.
Speaking to Al-Jazeera from a Gaza emergency room, Hamas spokesman Fawzi Barhoum said Hamas would remain on the ground, fighting with the people. “We are the stronger in our will, even as we stand alone,” he said, describing Hamas’s ostensible successful operations against Israel.
Barhoum added that the IDF ground invasion of the Gaza Strip “is a dangerous action and the Occupation will pay a dear price for it. Hamas is prepared for this operation.”
The cabinet gave the green light for ground ops after Israel agreed to an Egyptian ceasefire proposal which Hamas rejected and afterward launched rockets at Israel, the Prime Minister’s Office said in a statement. It also pointed at Hamas’s abrogation of the five-hour humanitarian truce earlier in the day.
Channel 10 reported that the IDF also asked the cabinet to enable the call up of more army reservists in addition to the 48,000 already approved.
The PMO said Operation Protective Edge would continue until it reaches its objective — returning quiet to the residents of Southern Israel for an extended period of time while inflicting a significant blow to Hamas and other Palestinian terror groups.
Ahead of the assault, the IDF Home Front Command instructed all residents of communities close to Gaza to retreat into shelters.
Journalists in the Gaza Strip tweeted that they had been told by the IDF they had half an hour to abandon their coastal hotels and move inland.
Sporadic rocket fire at southern Israel by Gazan terrorists continued even as the ground operation was underway.
Reports said two rockets were fired out of Lebanon but landed in Syrian territory near the border town of Majdal Shams.
Earlier in the day rocket fire from Gaza resumed as soon as the five-hour humanitarian truce ended at 3.00 p.m.
The IDF also prevented a dawn terror attack after 13 heavily armed Palestinians infiltrated into Israeli territory through a tunnel under the border. The terrorists were attacked by IDF forces as the emerged from the tunnel. Eight were reported killed before the rest made their escape back through the subterranean passage
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Double Aspect
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The Five-Judge Myth
How many Supreme Court judges does it take to decide a civil law appeal?
By Peter McCormick
A defining aspect of the Canadian legal system is its bijuralism: Quebec’s civil law system is distinctly different from the English-derived common law of the other provinces. The federal-provincial division of powers which assigns to the provincial legislatures jurisdiction over “property and civil rights within the province” is its formal entrenchment. There are also structural accommodations, one of the most important of which is the composition of the Supreme Court. Alone among the provinces, Quebec is guaranteed a minimum share of the Court’s membership. One third of the judges (two of six in 1867, three of nine since 1949) must be appointed from the bar or the judiciary of Quebec, which is to say that they must be experienced in the civil law.
On the face of it, this is not enough; it does not preclude the possibility of a common law majority that persistently out-votes its civil law minority and steadily erodes this bijuralism. Its impact has therefore been reinforced by a long-established practice. Peter Hogg describes it as follows: “since 1949 … it has been possible to assemble a quorum of five judges with a majority of civilians” with the result that “(t)his is now the usual composition of the bench when the Court hears a civil law appeal from Quebec.” (Hogg, Constitutional Law of Canada (various editions), Chapter 8.5(a).) Assuming a unified trio of civilian judges – a single defection can be decisive – it is both an acknowledgement and an effective protection of Quebec’s civil law uniqueness. The recent controversy over the Nadon appointment served once again to highlight the importance of demonstrable and recent civil law experience for those Quebec judges. As a student, years ago, I was impressed by the elegance of this “five-judge” solution; as a professor, I tried to ensure that my students appreciated it as well.
However, there is another story that we have been telling about the Supreme Court, and that is the story of a steady move toward larger panels. The Supreme Court Act permits panels of various sizes, but five judge panels continued to dominate even after the enlargement of the Court to nine members in 1949. In this context, a slight tweak of the rules for striking the panels for civilian appeals was procedurally simple, almost invisible, and reliably consequential. Ever since the great watershed of the Laskin Court, however, panels have been getting steadily larger. On the Lamer Court, the default was already seven judges, with the more important issues (such as the growing number of constitutional cases) assigned to larger panels and only the more routine cases (such as appeals by right) going to smaller ones. Under McLachlin, this trend has continued, such that nine-judge panels are now the most common and five-judge panels have become unusual, used for only one reserved judgement in every thirty.
It is not easy to reconcile this long-term trend toward large panels with a five-judge rule for civil appeals. This post reports on my own investigation of these two on-the-face-of-it contradictory generalizations, focusing initially on the McLachlin Court. On my findings, it is the “larger panels” generalization that very much prevails. The “five-judge” practice of Quebec exceptionalism has all but disappeared.
The first question is how to objectively identify the set of civil law appeals, and the Supreme Court itself has provided the most obvious solution: the judge-written headnotes that lead off every decision. If those included specific mention of either or both of the Civil Code of Quebec and the Code of Civil Procedure, then I treated it as a civilian appeal. (A further forty cases listed these statutes among their citations without any headnote notation, but I did not treat citation alone as justifying their inclusion.) Limiting the inquiry to reserved judgments only, this gave me fifty-five civil law cases, for an average of about three per year.
How many of these were decided by five judge panels? Only five – one in every eleven, which is to say one every three or four years. Thirty-two went to seven judge panels, and nineteen to full-court nine judge panels. The average panel size was 7.5, only slightly below the McLachlin Court average of 7.9 for all reserved judgments. The fact that it is lower at all may suggest a residual tug of the older “five-judge” rule, but if so it is a small tug indeed.
Even more surprising, only a single one of those five judge panels included all three Quebec judges, guaranteeing that a united set of Quebec civilians would prevail over their common law colleagues. More remarkably yet, this was balanced by a single example at the opposite extreme — a panel with no Quebec judges at all. A panel small enough that the Quebec judges can make up a majority is of course also small enough that the Quebec judges can be left out altogether. The five-judge rule would have led us to expect that these five panels would have included a total of fifteen Quebec judges and ten of their common law colleagues; in practice, they included only eight, well below the common law total of seventeen. Further to punctuate the point, four of the five examples were from the first four years of the McLachlin Court, and the single more recent example was the “no Quebec judges” panel.
Comparing eighteen years of McLachlin with eighteen months of Wagner calls for caution, but there has been no sign of a reversal of the above patterns. To date, the Wagner Court has dealt with seven civilian appeals, some of which were consequential; five were decided by panels of nine and two by panels of seven. There was no sign of the five-judge practice, no indication that these appeals are treated differently in this respect from the broad run of reserved decisions. The five-judge rule is dead; it seems to have breathed its last in 2004.
But all is not lost. Quebec judges may have been under-represented on the vanishing smaller panels and risk being outvoted on the larger ones, but they do deliver most of the judgments – fifty-one of the McLachlin Court’s fifty-five and five of the Wagner Court’s seven for an overall total of fifty-six out of sixty-two, about ninety per cent. There has long been a significant “homer” tendency on the Supreme Court in assigning the judgment – an appeal coming from your own province roughly doubles your chances – but the tendency is even stronger for Quebec civil appeals. Compared with the five-judge rule, this may well be a less robust and less compelling institutional recognition of Quebec exceptionalism, but it is where the empirical evidence takes us. We should remember, however, that when the Supreme Court was first established it was the spectre of common law judges deciding civil code issues that worried Quebec. “It only happens one time in every ten” may not be a completely reassuring response now that civilian judges are now outnumbered on every panel.
Author: Leonid Sirota
Law nerd. I teach constitutional law at the Auckland University of Technology Law School, in New Zealand. I studied law at McGill, clerked at the Federal Court of Canada, and then did graduate work at the NYU School of Law. View all posts by Leonid Sirota
Author Leonid SirotaPosted on July 2, 2019 Categories The Justice SystemTags civil law, judges, Québec, Supreme Court of Canada
One thought on “The Five-Judge Myth”
Jean-Christophe Bédard-Rubin says:
Interesting. I am not sure to what extent Code of Civil Procedure really “counts” as civil law though (except in name). The structure of the courts is a Common Law structure, the rules of evidence are Common Law rules as well as most of the procedural stuff.
This being said, I think language plays a really important (though underappreciated) role in terms of panel size and composition. During the period 2000-2013 of the McLachlin Court, Federal law cases (i.e. cases for which all judges have a smilar training) from Quebec were heard on average by panels of 7,77 judges while they were heard by panels of 7,90 judges for cases from the ROC. The differences are even starker in previous Courts which were arguably much less bilingual than the McLachlin court was. The civil/common law distinction does not hold up as a plausible explanation in these cases.
(See Jean-Christophe Bédard-Rubin & Tiago Rubin, “Assessing the Impact of Unilingualism at the Supreme Court of Canada: Panel Composition, Assertiveness, Caseload and Deference”, (2018) 55:3 Osgoode Hall LJ 715: https://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3351&context=ohlj)
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Down the Chupacabra Hole
A place for enthusiasts of UFOs, cryptozoology, the paranormal & conspiracies.
The Haunting Tale of S.S. Ourang Medan
February 9, 2018 February 9, 2018 Ash
For centuries legends of ghost ships have fascinated the masses. Haunting true stories of the Mary Celeste and Flying Dutchman perpetuate an age-old mystery. There are countless cases of unnerving oceanic anomalies, as seen in film, literature and through oral recollections. One of the most disturbing of such tales is that of the S.S. Ourang Medan. Her ultimate fate is nothing less than bizarre and continues to perplex modern-day mariners.
Located in the Indian Ocean, between Malaysia and Sumatra, is a trade route known as the strait of Malacca. Each day nearly two hundred and thirty ships navigate this narrow stretch of sea. It is one of the busiest ports in the world responsible for transporting a quarter of the world’s traded goods. Pirates plagued the area for years and stories of vanishing boats added to Malacca’s mystique. One particular vessel would give the channel a chilling reputation which remains over seven decades later.
The Strait of Malacca is one of the busiest ports in the world.
In June of 1947 passing barges received a series of troubling SOS signals. While the source of the call was unknown their message was clear and concise: “All officers including captain are dead, lying in chartroom and bridge. Possibly whole crew dead.” Following the distressing message was an eruption of Morse code tones which could not be deciphered. A final bone chilling statement was then made: “I die,” accompanied by a deafening silence.
All nearby ships were instructed to remain alert and report anything unusual to authorities. Despite the cooperation of many seafarers, nothing out of the ordinary was initially discovered. Dutch and British commanders worked hastily to triangulate precisely where the alerts had been transmitted from. They were able to pinpoint Ourang Medan in a remote part of the ocean, miles away from all established shipping lanes.
An American merchant vessel, Silver Star (formerly known as Santa Cecilia), was closest to the estimated location. Crew members immediately set off on an altered course and headed towards the distressed boat since its message had been so dire. Only a few hours later she was visible drifting aimlessly on the horizon line. Upon closer inspection of the hull it became apparent that there was not any visible external damage. Several attempts were made to contact the occupants to no avail.
S.S. Silver Star was the closest ship to Ourang Medan’s estimated location.
When the apprehensive rescue party embarked the ship they were greeted by a nightmarish scene. Littering the deck were dozens of corpses. Each man had an expression of sheer terror with bulging, panic-strickened eyes and mouths agape in silent screams. Every deckhand’s arms and legs were extended in distorted positions as if they were trying to fight some unknown source. Even the resident dog had his lips peeled back in an aggressive teeth-exposing snarl.
Silver Star’s squadron anxiously meandered through the interior. Inside of the bridge they found the captain’s body. Remaining officers were discovered dead in the wheel house and chart room. Engineering staff remained at their designated stations and the operator who made the initial emergency call was sprawled out over his transmitter. Just like their comrades on the upper deck, these men also had looks of utter horror and bizarre limb contortions. While it was obvious all crew members had suffered agonizing deaths, it remained uncertain what caused such grisly demises.
Equally mystifying was the state of the deceased. Although an SOS had been recently made, the bodies were decomposing at an alarmingly unnatural rate. Even stranger was the frigid temperature engulfing the entire barge. During that hot summer day temperatures had reached well over one hundred degrees. Readings performed upon the schooner revealed a bone-chilling forty degrees. The entire search team were completely perplexed as to what had happened to those poor souls aboard Ourang Medan.
Temperature readings performed on the vessel were over 60°F lower than the surrounding area.
A decision was ultimately made to tow the watercraft back to port. However, shortly after departing smoke began to billow from the tethered boat’s lower deck cargo hold. Immediately a quick-witted commander cut the connecting rope. That critical decision would save countless innocent lives. Within seconds Medan exploded with such tremendous intensity that she was propelled from the water. Pieces of the vessel began to break apart as she sank into the murky abyss, never to be seen again.
Since this enigmatic occurrence countless investigators have searched for answers. Some have made connections to the infamous Philadelphia Experiment and suggest covert military testing is to blame. Others speculate that the ship was transporting Tabun, an extremely toxic nerve-suppressing chemical manufactured during World War II. Skeptics question whether these events ever took place.
An official US Coast Guard report was released in a May 1952 issue of Proceedings of the Merchant Marine. As time continues to pass the truth of Ourang Medan becomes increasingly difficult to ascertain. She and her crew took their secrets with them when they descended into the dismal depths. With modern sonar technology constantly evolving the wreckage may eventually surface. Until that day arrives, this is a case that will ultimately remain unsolved.
With advancing technologies are we getting closer to discovering the shipwreck?
What do you think happened to Ourang Medan? Share your theories in the comment section, I’d love to hear other opinions on this mysterious topic.
everything, mysteries, paranormal, ufocurse, ghost ship, mystery, Ourang Medan, unexplained
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2 thoughts on “The Haunting Tale of S.S. Ourang Medan”
Erin VonCorcoran February 9, 2018 / 8:26 pm
Wow- another great post! So scary- this story make a good movie or TV series.
Karsci February 26, 2018 / 3:32 pm
Another great post👍 Very scary and unexplainable. Maybe radiation poisoning?
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#076: Fighting Cancer Through Early Detection of Biomarkers
by Dan Kendall | Dec 13, 2018
| Tags: business of health, Cancer, early CDT, Oncimmune, UK
Turning autoantibodies into an early-warning system to beat cancer
In episode 74, we spoke about early detection of skin cancer with Erik de Heus, the CEO of SkinVision. In that episode we talked about a smartphone app that uses AI to determine the likelihood that a mole or mark on your skin could be malignant. That technology has reviewed millions of images and has helped detect cancer in tens of thousands of people around the world. It’s a great solution and it’s making a huge impact and it will continue to hold a vital place in our fight against skin cancer. But what about cancers below our skin’s surface? What tools do we have to detect and fight those cancers that we can’t see and that may be developing inside us?
Is there a way to detect those cancers even before they form a cluster of cells large enough to be detected through a biopsy or scan?
What if we could enlist the power of our own immune system to create a sort of early warning system that could alert us when cancerous cells are present.
Well, the good news is that such a technology does exist, and it’s being used to detect cancer 4 years earlier, or sometimes even more, for a wide range of solid tumor types. And all it requires is a simple blood test.
Our guest today is going to share how these technologies work, and how they are changing the way with think about the progression, detection and treatment of cancer.
With me to talk about it is Dr Adam M Hill, he is the CEO of a leading cancer detection company called Oncimmune. Adam is a both a Clinician and Mechanical Engineer, and has spent his career at the interface of industry, academia and health systems. Early in his career, he trained in surgery in the British Army and he helped a Formula One team become a developer of health technology.
Over the last 5 years, Adam has been an early stage investor in, and advisor to, a number of health technology startups. He is also a Visiting Professor in Global Health Innovation at Imperial College London. We cover a lot of ground in this episode and Adam and his team have developed a PDF that contains the key details we talk about in this program, so be sure to grab a copy of that as well.
Listen using the embedded player on this page, or
click to subscribe on your favorite podcast app
Brief introduction of Cancer in the biology and the foundation behind the technology
Biomarker antigens & novel approaches in detecting cancer cells and its impact in Cancer Care pathways and treatment
The possible changes in the paradigm of early Cancer detection, diagnosis, and post care treatment
How viable is this technology to the market and will it be in tandem with other technologies
What other recent breakthroughs in technology that relates to early Cancer detection
Links and Resources Mentioned
Adam Hill on LinkedIn
Oncimmune on Twitter
Oncimmune on LinkedIn
Oncimmune on the Web
Cancer Biology and the Importance of Early Detection – pdf
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Join Digital Health Today
Lightning Round Answers
1- What is a saying, quote or phrase that motivates you?
“The most difficult thing is the decision to act, the rest is merely tenacity.” – Amelia Earhart
2- What advice do you have for others working to innovate in healthcare?
“Rather than pull the ladder up behind you, as you blaze a trail, ensure that others are able to follow.”
3- What book do you recommend to our listeners?
The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer By Siddhartha Mukherjee
4- What is a piece of technology that you recommend to our listeners?
City Mapper App
5- If I gave you a check for $5 million for you to invest in health technology today, how would you invest it?
I would invest it in new and advancing field of Artificial Intelligence.
6. We make a contribution to a charity in appreciation of your time on the show – what charity have you selected and can you tell us a little about what they do?
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Dan Kendall
As an engineer and business leader, I've worked to develop, launch and scale innovative products and solutions that impact health and wellness. As an entrepreneur, I know firsthand what it takes to start a business, build a team, and compete in the global marketplace.
On Digital Health Today, I leverage my experiences to help great leaders and innovators tell their stories and connect to users, investors and other stakeholders.
Connect with me on LinkedIn and Twitter.
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Innovation Insights: One-on-One with James Musick, Head of Neurology Patient Technology at UCB Biopharma
Jun 7, 2019Read More...
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Education News Portal
Educators in Action
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educator organizing, Educators in Action, Kris Bertsch-Rydell, Organizing, santa rosa teachers association, school counselors, Specialized Instructional Support Personnel
Union Stands Behind Counselor Punished For Advocating For Students
June 3, 2019 by admin 0 Comments
High school counselor Kris Bertsch Rydell (photo: courtesy of California Teachers Association)
A Santa Rosa High School (SRHS) counselor is being punished for standing up for her students. So say students, parents, and her colleagues in the Santa Rosa Teachers Association (SRTA), who are rallying behind the highly decorated and respected veteran high school counselor, Kris Bertsch-Rydell.
As a veteran counselor, Bertsch has instructional history and knows how the counseling system works. “I’m a strong voice. I’ll advocate for my colleagues as professionals and for our students who don’t have a voice. That’s the reason I became a school counselor,” she says. “There are too many students and families who feel like they don’t have a voice. Someone’s got to speak for them.
“Now my union is speaking for me.”
Santa Rosa City Schools management filed a Notice of Unprofessional Conduct (NUC) because Bertsch is advocating for her students, says SRTA President William Lyon.
SRTA filed an unfair labor practice charge that district management discriminated against Bertsch and interfered with her rights protected under California labor law.
Management’s claims involve Bertsch asking questions about school board policies. Cited examples include sending polite, professional emails to the superintendent, school board members and SRTA leaders asking for clarification on board policies on issues such as credit recovery, online schools and new graduation requirements for math. “I asked if we can offer Pre-Algebra to make sure students are prepared. That was ‘unprofessional,’” Bertsch says with a sigh.
“As counselors, we need board policies as guidance for how we do our job. When I ask the question, I’m advocating for myself as a counselor to do my job, as well as for my students and my school. We all have the same concerns.”
I didn’t truly realize this before, that when I spoke up for my students, my union has my back.” – Kris Bertsch-Rydell
Management also charged that she used school email to do union business, which is in fact protected by California labor law. “But it’s not just union business, it’s counseling business,” she notes. “It’s related to how to do my job, so my colleagues can do their jobs.”
“I didn’t truly realize this before, that when I spoke up for my students, my union has my back,” Bertsch adds. “SRTA has stepped up in such an amazing way to help me. It validates that what I did and am doing matters. If I can’t advocate for students when I see a wrong and do something about it, I shouldn’t be sitting here. My students depend upon me to make things right for them. Or at least, to speak up and try to problem-solve in ways that will make things right for them.”
Hundreds of people have sent letters of support and showed up at school board meetings sporting orange ribbons (SRHS school colors are orange and black). Students are showering her with support.
In the school newspaper, The Santa Rosan, staff writer Emilie Davis noted that Bertsch “works tirelessly every day to make sure all of her kids are doing well, both in their classes and in their personal lives. … She did her job. She stood up for her students and did what she thought was right. She was repaid by having her job threatened.”
In the article “Why a dedicated counselor deserves to stay,” Davis noted the absurdity of district management criticizing Bertsch for using the word “dude” in an email. “It’s time the district starts walking the talk and stops punishing educators who put their kids first,” Davis wrote.
The timing of the story in the student newspaper was good, because it was a particularly low point for Bertsch.
It’s time the district starts walking the talk and stops punishing educators who put their kids first.” –SRHS Student Emilie Davis
“So many times we do what we do and get negative feedback. The students’ support validates what I do every day, and my goal of serving students,” she says, adding that the student support has helped her get out of bed some mornings “because it’s been pretty stressful. I’m a pretty strong person, and I’ve gone through the grinder a few times. This has been beyond detrimental.”
SRTA’s contract calls for progressive discipline, requiring a conversation, notice, and plan for improvement before threatening discipline and termination. In this case, district management skipped the first steps.
Lyon contends this behavior is in retaliation for advocating for students by asking difficult questions. “Kris Bertsch has had fantastic reviews by the eight administrators she worked with during her 25 years in this district. She is an advocate for students, and we’re concerned district managers are trying to intimidate teachers by trying to muzzle Kris. She is being punished for standing up for her students and her profession. And that’s not acceptable.”
“When members are bullied or threatened, it has a chilling effect on their ability to speak up for themselves, each other, and their students,” adds Lyon. “The most effective way to combat this is to stand up for each other.” He is concerned about educators being bullied for supporting Bertsch, noting some of her supporters have received non-re-election notices. “We stand for respectful treatment of all SRTA educators.”
To date, district managers have not taken further disciplinary action. SRTA members and students will continue to advocate for Bertsch, they say, just as passionately as she has advocated for students and colleagues for the past 25 years.
This story originally appeared in California Educator
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✉
Busted Knuckle Gallery
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Inspired Natives Project
What is the Inspired Natives Project
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Louie's Bio
Louie Gong
Home Products Bandolier Tote Bag
Bandolier Tote Bag
Designed by Inspired Natives Project collaborator, Sarah Agaton Howes (Anishinaabe), this colorful tote acts as a respectful call out to traditional Ojibwe bandolier bags, featuring artwork that combines old school Ojibwe Floral with our signature "beaded" style illustration to create a versatile and practical piece of art.
With an extra wide and sturdy strap, you can comfortably wear this tote both across your chest or shoulder strap style. An inside pocket provides easy access to smaller items.
Main compartment opens up wide
14"W x 14.5"H x 4"D
Sarah Agaton Howes is an Anishinaabe artist, teacher, and community organizer from the Fond du Lac Reservation in Minnesota. Widely known for her handmade regalia and moccasins featuring Ojibwe floral designs, Sarah owns and operates her own business, House of Howes. She shares her knowledge by teaching beadwork in her community and beyond through classes and video tutorials.
Sarah has been an Inspired Natives Collaborator since 2015. Thank you for supporting Inspired Natives, not "Native-inspired".
Category: Sarah Agaton Howes, Totes
"Buffalo Medicine" Crew Socks $10.36 $12.95
"Buffalo Medicine" Crew Socks
Adapted from the beautiful "Buffalo Medicine" Throw Blanket design, these vibrant crew socks are the perfect way to rock bold Blackfeet art on the go!
The buffalo was the staff of life for most Plains Indian Nations. Today the buffalo is still a central part of life, from food to ceremony. Originally drawn on the ledger paper used across much of John's work, this particular piece pays tribute to the power and sacrifice that the buffalo continues to give.
The bold design incorporates important symbols from Blackfeet art to depict rich concepts in a lively, graphic way. The lifeline, or sacred breath of the buffalo is represented here with an arrow, and the circles along the top and bottom borders depict stars. The cross symbol at the top of the design represents the Morning Star, which plays an important role in creation and ceremony among Plains Indian Nations.
Blend of combed cotton, nylon, spandex, and elastic
Designed by John Isaiah Pepion (Blackfeet Nation)
Features arch support band
John Isaiah Pepion is a Plains Indian Graphic artist from the Piikani Band of the Blackfoot Confederacy. He is based out of the Blackfeet reservation in north-central Montana, where the Rocky Mountains meet the plains. John is best known for his ledger art, an art tradition that developed in Plains tribes as the buffalo hide they traditionally used for painting became scarce, and they were forced to adapt to making artwork on the ledger paper from accounting books. He comes from a family of artists, and ledger art has been in his family for hundreds of years.
Thank you for supporting Inspired Natives, not "Native-inspired".
Lay flat to dry.
"Confluence" Crew Socks $10.36 $12.95
"Confluence" Crew Socks
Adapted from the beautiful "Confluence" Wool Blanket design, these vibrant crew socks are the perfect way to rock bold Tsimshian art on the go!
The Tsimshian people have understood since time immemorial that humans are not separate from the natural world, but merely a part of it. This includes an understanding that there is a human spirit inside all living things. This beautiful design by David Robert Boxley (Tsimshian) represents the powerful and inextricable connection between humans and the world around us, and is a reminder of our responsibilities to care for it all.
Designed by David Robert Boxley (Tsimshian)
David Robert Boxley (Tsimshian) comes from the village of Metlakatla, Alaska, growing up there and in Kingston, Washington. He first began to learn how to carve from his father, renowned Tsimshian artist and culture bearer, David A. Boxley, at the age of six. He has since studied under Master Haida carver, Robert Davidson, and, after moving away for a period of time, has returned to live in his village to help in the efforts to save his people's language. He is now the Co-chair of The Haayk Foundation, which works to preserve and revitalize Tsimshian language, history, and traditions.
"Embrace Your Beauty" Crew Socks $10.36 $12.95
"Embrace Your Beauty" Crew Socks
These stunning socks are adapted from the original hand-painted "Embrace Your Beauty" earrings created by Inspired Natives Project collaborator, Michelle Lowden (Acoma Pueblo). The vibrant design features a color palette inspired by the orange seashell earrings with turquoise accents commonly found in Pueblo Country.
Designed by Michelle Lowden (Acoma Pueblo)
Michelle Lowden (Acoma Pueblo) draws inspiration from her family's history of illustrious potters to create the beautiful hand-painted Pueblo jewelry she is known for. The owner and operator of Milo Creations, her careful eye and attention to detail show in her intricate line work and Southwest geometric designs.
Michelle has been an Inspired Natives Project Collaborator since 2014. Thank you for supporting Inspired Natives, not "Native-inspired".
"Good Day, Bad Day" Mini Framed Print from $19.20 $36.00
"Good Day, Bad Day" Mini Framed Print
Available for the first time in a miniature version, the popular "Good Day, Bad Day" print depicts Rez Cat stalking a Coast Salish Hummingbird. Today, like every day, is both a good and bad day -- it all depends on perspective.
In 2010, Louie adopted a scruffy-looking wild tabby kitten from the Muckleshoot Reservation, where he was working at the time. On his first night at Louie’s house, an exhausted “Rez Cat” curled up in his new litter box and went to sleep, presumably because he was used to sleeping in dirt and gravel. As Rez Cat got older, he would often stay out all night hunting and leave various “presents” at Louie’s doorstop in the morning. Since then, Rez Cat has been a common subject in Louie’s art (and now has a softer bed to rest on).
The original 18" x 24" painting (spray paint, acrylica and wood stain on wool panel) was featured in "Rebels of the Floating World" at Artxchange Gallery in Seattle's Pioneer Square.
Framed Giclee Fine Art Print
Stamped and signed by Louie Gong (Nooksack)
Arches Smooth Rag 310 gsm paper meets the highest archival standards
Shipped in a custom white box
Louie Gong (Nooksack), founder of Eighth Generation, is a self-taught artist who was raised by his grandparents in the Nooksack tribal community in northwest Washington. He got his start by painting cultural art on shoes, but realized that creating one-of-a-kind pieces did not provide a sustainable pathway to success, and began applying his artwork to accessibly-priced products. Louie’s unique style merges traditional Coast Salish art with influences from his mixed heritage and urban environment to create work that resonates widely across communities and cultures.
2.5"x3.5" / White 5"x7" / White 2.5"x3.5" / Black 5"x7" / Black
Get updates about sales and new products
Administration and Studio
info@eighthgeneration.com
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DC to AC Transfer – Measurement
By Edvard | July, 30th 2011 | 3 comments | Save to PDF
Home / Technical Articles / DC to AC Transfer – Measurement
General transfer capability is essential to the measurement of voltage, current, power, and energy. The standard cell, the unit of voltage which it preserves, and the unit of current derived from it in combination with a standard of resistance are applicable only to the measurement of dc quantities, while the problems of measurement in the power and communications fields involve alternating voltages and currents.
It is only by means of transfer devices that one can assign the values of ac quantities or calibrate ac instruments in terms of the basic dc reference standards.
In most instances, the rms value of a voltage or current is required, since the transformation of electrical energy to other forms involves the square of voltages or currents, and the transfer from direct to alternating quantities is made with devices that respond to the square of current or voltage.
Three general types of transfer instruments are capable of high-accuracy rms measurements: electrodynamic instruments—which depend on the force between current carrying conductors; electrothermic instruments—which depend on the heating effect of current; and electrostatic instruments—which depend on the force between electrodes at different potentials.
While two of these depend on current and the third on voltage, the use of series and shunt resistors makes all three types available for current or voltage transfer.
Traditional American practice has been to use electrodynamic instruments for current and voltage transfer as well as power transfer from direct to alternating current, but recent developments in thermoelements have improved their transfer characteristics until they are now the preferred means for current and voltage transfer, although the electrodynamic wattmeter is still the instrument of choice for power transfer up to 1 kHz.
Electrothermic transfer standards for current and voltage use a thermoelement consisting of a heater and a thermocouple. In its usual form, the heater is a short, straight wire suspended by two supporting lead-in wires in an evacuated glass bulb. One junction of a thermocouple is fastened to its midpoint and is electrically insulated from it with a small bead.
The thermal emf—5 to 10 mV at rated current in a conventional element—is a measure of heater current. Multijunction thermoelements having a number of couples in series along the heater also have been used in transfer measurements. Typical output is 100 mV for an input power of 30 mW.
SOURCE: Gerald J. Fitzpatsick – Measurements and Instruments
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Cole-Hamilton: New leadership must tackle deep-rooted Tayside failures
Originally published by Scottish Liberal Democrats
Scottish Liberal Democrat health spokesperson Alex Cole-Hamilton has today said that new leadership at NHS Tayside must tackle deep-rooted failures as a new report from the Auditor General warned that "urgent action is needed" to address NHS Tayside's financial position.
The Auditor General's report on NHS Tayside's audited accounts for 2017/18 found:
The health board paid its former Chief Executive, Lesley McLay, for six months' notice instead of the three in her contract. And it mistakenly agreed a payment of over £19k in pension contributions to cover her notice period - a sum it is now looking to recover.
Just seven national standards out of 20 were met or exceeded this year, compared to nine in 2016/17.
NHS Tayside has needed £50.2m of Scottish Government loans since 2012/13, £45.9 million of which has not been repaid. A further £12.7 million of brokerage was received in 2017/18, and the Auditor General says more will be required.
Ms Gardner said: "NHS Tayside financial position has been unsustainable since 2013 and urgent action is needed to turn around the organisation.
Alex Cole-Hamilton said:
"NHS Tayside has weaved and stumbled for some time. Payment mishaps to the departing Chief Executive are deeply embarrassing but this report also exposes more fundamental financial challenges facing the health board.
"Under new leadership there is now a chance to tackle the deep-rooted issues facing NHS Tayside.
"However, they will also need the support of the Scottish Government to do this. I hope the Health Secretary will make sure that the new Chief Executive has the support and resources they need to deliver for patients"
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Das Städtepartnerschaftskomitee trauert um sein Gründungs- und Ehrenmitglied
Heinz Eschenbacher, der am 14. September 2015 verstorben ist.
Nachruf Heinz Eschenbacher.pdf
City Twinning:
First contacts were made in 1985 with the French town Montfort-sur-Meu in the French region Brittany. They became more intense until in 1988 both towns entered into a formal partnership in 1988.
The twinning is organized by two partnership committees, one in each city. After so many years a lot of relationships have been built between clubs, institutions, schools, the local fire brigade and private persons. Marktheidenfeld has received several awards honoring the efforts for the promotion of European ideas and ist many activities for the benefit of the twinnings.
In a Europe which groes closer together after the fall of the Iron Curtain, it was the wish of Marktheidenfeld to improve partner relationships towards the east of Europe.
After first contacts in 2004 and 2005 with the town of Pobiedziska (situated between Posen and Gnesen) the twinning documents were signed in in 2007 at Pobiedziska and on October 3, 2008 at Marktheidenfeld. Podbiedziska and Montfort sur Meu have been related by a partnership since 1992.
So a trilateral partnership was established, with Marktheidenfeld playing an intermediary role, geografically speaking. Relationships are built and strengthened very gently: several youth meetings and general meetings as well as student exchanges with Pobiedziska were carried out and the first projects involving mainly the young people of the three towns have been lauched. For instance, a trinational project group has been built for the topic "water". On the initiatve of the local branch of the Association for the protection of the Environment the was a summer camp at Rodowo in Poland with children from Marktheidenfeld and Pobiedziska, "on the tracks of Winnetou".
Flag of Honor from the Council of Europe for Marktheidenfeld
1st Town Award from the Region of Lower Franconia
honorary degree from the Council of Europe for Marktheidenfeld
1st Twinning Prize from the Region of Lower Franconia for the volunteer fire brigade
Flag of Honor from the Council of Europe
2nd Twinning Prize "Media and Culture" from the District of Lower Franconia for the Partnership Committee
Twinning Award "Sport and Social" from the Region of Lower Franconia
Second Prize for the Kolping Family Marktheidenfeld
Third Prize for the Association for Environmental Protection and the Municipal Youth Services Marktheidenfeld
Award for Marktheidenfeld and Pobiedziska from the German-Polish Foundation for the best project in regional self-government in 2011
More city twinning
Since 1979 Marktheidenfeld has been an amicable relationship with Germantown/Ohio (USA).
Bild: Neues Logo der trilateralen Partnerschaft
PDF: Programm 2014
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Williams ties Oswego 3-3
Oswego St.
Williams (12-8-1) 2 0 1 0 3
Oswego St. (10-8-4) 1 1 1 0 3
Eliza Noyes '16
1st - 00:40 - Ashley Lyman (Oswego St.)
1st - 02:58 - Eliza Noyes (Williams)
1st - 15:07 - Chelsey Stevenson (Williams)
2nd - 07:49 - Brianna Rice (Oswego St.)
3rd - 05:15 - Michaela Levine (Williams)
3rd - 10:30 - PP - Alli Ullrich (Oswego St.)
A: Talia Simon - 2
Sh: Michaela Levine - 10
Sv: Margaret Draper - 13
A: Olivia Ellis - 2
Sh: Brianna Rice - 5
Sv: Tori Trovato - 47
OSWEGO, NY — The Williams College women's hockey team (12-8-1) tied Oswego State (10-8-4) tonight 3-3 in an out-of-conference matchup. Oswego junior Allie Ullrich (St. Louis, MO) tied the game up with a power play goal at 10:30 in the third period. The Ephs will face off against Oswego State again tomorrow afternoon.
The Oswego State Lakers took the lead early on tonight with a wrap around goal by junior Ashley Lyman (Lockport, NY) to go up 1-0, 40 seconds into the first period. Lyman was assisted by sophomore Olivia Ellis (Wilcox, SK) and senior Lizzie Marks (Penfield, NY).
However, the Ephs were quick to respond to the Lakers goal tying the game up at 2:58 with a goal by senior captain Eliza Noyes (Concord, MA). Junior Chelsey Stevenson (Tilbury, ONT) passed the puck to senior Talia Simon (Carlisle, MA) who ripped a shot from the point. Senior goalie Tori Trovato (Fulton, NY) sent the rebound in front of the net, where Noyes was waiting to bury the puck for the goal.
After tying the game up 1-1, Williams kept control of the puck for the rest of the period.
Several Ephs had looks on net. Sophomore Alex Lovaas (Wayzata, MN) took a backhanded shot from the slot at 8:15 that Trovato barely managed to cover. Seconds later, junior Emily Krueger (Manasquan, NJ) weaved her way through the neutral zone to take a shot from below the hashmarks that Trovato deflected into the corner.
With just under five minutes left in the first frame, the Ephs went up 2-1 against the Lakers with a goal by Stevenson. The junior duo of Krueger and Stevenson had a two on one against a Lakers defenseman. Krueger passed the puck slightly up the ice to Stevenson, who took the puck past the hashmarks with her forehand. Stevenson proceeded to beat the goalie by switching the puck over to her backhand side for the goal.
The Ephs kept pressuring the Lakers after their goal. With two minutes left in the period, Simon took a nice wrist shot from the point, but Trovato made a glove save to keep it a one goal game.
At the end of the period, Oswego went on the power play, but were unable to capitalize on the one-man advantage.
The Lakers carried their power play over into the second frame, but were unable to get past the Ephs who hold the second best penalty kill in the nation at 94%.
Senior Michaela Levine (Lititz, PA) had a scoring opportunity at the seven minute mark, skating up the boards and rushing the net for a backhanded shot. However Trovato stayed big in net to deflect the shot into the corner.
Responding to Levine's pressure, the Lakers tied up the game at 7:49 in the second frame. Junior Brianna Rice (Newmarket, ONT) carried the puck from the blue line up to the dot to take a top shelf wrist shot for the goal.
At 11:40, Williams went on the power play. Junior captain Hanna Beattie (Whitehouse Station, NJ) got several looks on net with shots from the point, but Trovato stayed tough between the pipes to hold her off.
The Lakers held off the Ephs to earn the penalty kill and play went up and down the ice for the rest of the period. Though tied 2-2 at the end of the second, Williams went into the final frame with an advantage outshooting the Lakers 22 to 10.
The Ephs went into the final frame with renewed energy and regained the lead at 5:15 with a goal by senior Michaela Levine (Lititz, PA). Simon passed the puck to Levine, who skated around the net and fired a shot past Trovato to go up 3-2.
Williams received a penalty at 10:20 in the final period. Ten seconds later, Ullrich scored on the Ephs to tie up the game 3-3 with a shot on Draper's blocker side when she was screened.
At 12:53 Williams went on the power play, but could not capitalize on the one-man advantage. Oswego earned their second penalty kill of the night.
Play went back and forth for the remainder of the period and through overtime, with both Draper and Trovato staying tough between the pipes.
Draper made a total of 13 saves tonight, while Trovato made 47.
"We played an inconsistent game tonight," reflected head coach Meghan Gillis, "we wavered in our team game so we will be looking to improve that tomorrow."
The Ephs face off against the Lakers tomorrow afternoon at 3pm at the Marano Center Campus Arena.
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Sub-sea rift spills secrets to seismic probe
April 26, 2018 /0 Comments/in News /by Linda Welzenbach
Rice-led study yields first clues about internal structure of Galicia margin
The first study to spring from a Rice University-led 2013 international expedition (click to read the 2013 press release Ocean explorers want to get to the bottom of Galicia) to map the sea floor off the coast of Spain has revealed details about the evolution of the fault that separates the continental and oceanic plates.
A Rice University-led seismic survey of the Galicia margin off the coast of Spain has produced new details about the passive rift that separates the oceanic and continental plates, and in particular the S-reflector, a prominent detachment fault within the transition zone. (Credit: Nur Schuba/Rice University)
A paper in Earth and Planetary Science Letters by Rice graduate student Nur Schuba describes the internal structure of a large three-dimensional section of the Galicia, a non-volcanic passive margin between Europe and the Atlantic basin that shows no signs of past volcanic activity and where the crust is remarkably thin.
That thinness made it easier to capture 3-D data for about 525 square miles of the Galicia, the first transition zone in the world so analyzed.
Sophisticated seismic reflection tools towed behind a ship and on the ocean floor enabled the researchers to model the Galicia. Though the rift is buried under several hundreds of meters of powdered rock and invisible to optical instruments, seismic tools fire sound into the formation. The sounds that bounce back tell researchers what kind of rock lies underneath and how it’s configured.
Among the data are the first seismic images of what geologists call the S-reflector, a prominent detachment faultwithin the continent-ocean transition zone. They believe this fault accommodated slipping along the zone in a way that helped keep the crust thin.
“The S-reflector, which has been studied since the ’70s, is a very low-angle, normal fault, which means the slip happens due to extension,” Schuba said. “What’s interesting is that because it’s at a low angle, it shouldn’t be able to slip. But it did.
“One mechanism people have postulated is called the rolling hinge,” she said. “The assumption is that an initially steep fault slipped over millions of years. Because the continental crust there is so thin, the material underneath it is hot and domed up in the middle. The initially steep fault started rolling and became almost horizontal.
“So with the help of the doming of the material coming from below and also the continuous slip, that’s how it is likely to have happened,” Schuba said.
The Galicia group — from left, Rice graduate student Nur Schuba, alumnus Ara Alexanian and graduate research assistant Mari Tesi Sanjurjo — discuss the northwest portion of the 3-D seismic volume at Rice’s Visualization Lab. (Credit: Gary Linkevich/Rice University)
The large data set also provided clues about interactions between the detachment fault and the serpentinized mantle, the dome of softer rock that presses upward on the fault and lowers friction during slippage. The researchers believe that led the Galicia to evolve differently, weakening faults and allowing for longer durations of activity.
The research is relevant to geologists who study land as well as sea because detachment faults are common above the water, Schuba said. “One of my advisers, (adjunct faculty member) Gary Gray, is jazzed about this because he says you can see these faults in Death Valley and Northern California, but you can’t ever see them fully because the faults keep going underground. You can’t see how deep they go or how the fault zones change or how they’re associated with other faults.
“But a 3-D dataset is like having an MRI,” she said. “We can bisect it any way we want. It makes me happy that this was the first paper to come out of the Galicia data and the fact that we can see things no one else could see before.”
Rice University alumnus Brian Jordan, co-author of a new study on the Galicia margin based on an extensive seismic survey led by Rice, points out crustal faults that connect to the margin’s S-reflector. (Credit: Gary Linkevich/Rice University)
Co-authors of the paper are Julia Morgan and Dale Sawyer, both Rice professors of Earth, environmental and planetary sciences; Rice alumnus Brian Jordan, now of BP America; Donna Shillington, the Lamont Associate Research Professor at Columbia University; Tim Reston, a professor of geology at the University of Birmingham, England; and Jonathan Bull, a professor of geology and geophysics at the University of Southampton, England.
The National Science Foundation, the U.K. Natural Environment Research Council and the GEOMAR Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research supported the research.
https://earthscience.rice.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/nurschuba.jpg 1685 1685 Linda Welzenbach https://earthscience.rice.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/EEPS-banner-for-web-left-e1502732170997.png Linda Welzenbach2018-04-26 10:11:432018-04-26 11:08:19Sub-sea rift spills secrets to seismic probe
Rajdeep Dasgupta receives Duncan Award Reach for the Stars STEM Festival 2018
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DestinationsFood & DrinkPlayStayVideo
Pan Am Experience evokes glamorous days of air travel
By Thom Patterson, CNN • Updated 3rd December 2014
Remember when flying used to be romantic and glamorous?
Back in the '60s and '70s, the airline industry had its challenges, but it also offered a lot of perks that travelers pine for today.
Like a full meal, served on real china, even in coach.
Like food that was more home-cooking than pre-packaged snack.
Like wide, comfy seats with plenty of leg room.
It all made travelers feel like they were doing more than simply hurtling through the air from Point A to Point B in a metal tube. It made them feel pampered. Flying proved that they were privileged.
Anthony Toth, host of the Pan Am Experience, offers visitors a chance to re-create that feeling aboard a Pan Am Boeing 747 without leaving Los Angeles.
Toth admits that he's obsessed with Pan Am. Visitors to the tourist attraction can see a collection of memorabilia that he's collected his entire life, such as branded carry-on bags, colorful luggage tags and warm blankets.
"I restored everything to look like it did back in the era of the '70s, when Pan Am was sort of in its heyday," Toth said.
The Pan Am Experience takes place in an airliner "cabin" designed to look like the jumbo jets that Pan Am flew back in the day. There's also a fake check-in counter.
For aviation enthusiasts, it sure looks like fun.
Settle into seats that make today's equivalent seem like furniture for hobbits.
Watch flight attendants glide through the cabin in retro uniforms. They wear hats! They sport white gloves! They greet each boarding "passenger" with a glass of champagne!
A time machine transports visitors to a day before humans ate with plastic sporks. The flight attendants will serve you a four-course meal, the old-fashioned way, with silverware. The only thing you can't do that you could do on planes back then is smoke.
It will remind you how much the airline industry has changed.
Yet there's one thing that hasn't changed: the sticker shock. Tickets for a Pan Am Experience "flight" range from about $200 to about $300.
The popularity of the Pan Am brand remains strong, decades after the airline went belly-up. ABC even tried a TV series in 2011, starring Christina Ricci, about a group of Pan Am pilots and flight attendants who enjoyed the glamorous, globetrotting lifestyle of the emerging jet set in the 1960s.
It appears the top-shelf passenger service of that era is gone forever, relegated to the likes of nostalgic TV dramas and specialty museums like the Pan Am Experience.
The golden days of air travel: How glorious were they?
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Private (rank)
(Redirected from Private (United States))
Find sources: "Private" rank – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A private is a soldier of the lowest military rank (equivalent to NATO Rank Grades OR-1 to OR-3 depending on the force served in).
Comparative military ranks in English
UK commissioned officers
Admiral of
the fleet Field marshal or
General of the Army Marshal of
the air force
Admiral General Air chief marshal
Vice admiral Lieutenant general Air marshal
Rear admiral Major general Air vice-marshal
Commodore Brigadier or
brigadier general Air commodore
Captain Colonel Group captain
Commander Lieutenant colonel Wing commander
commander Major or
Commandant Squadron leader
Lieutenant Captain Flight lieutenant
junior grade or
sub-lieutenant Lieutenant or
first lieutenant Flying officer
Ensign or
midshipman Second lieutenant Pilot officer
Officer cadet Officer cadet Flight cadet
Enlisted grades
Warrant officer or
chief petty officer Warrant officer or
sergeant major Warrant officer
Petty officer Sergeant Flight sergeant
Leading seaman Corporal or
bombardier Corporal
Seaman Private or
gunner or
trooper Aircraftman or
Talk·View
In modern military writing, "private" is shortened to "Pte" in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth of Nations countries and to "Pvt." in the United States.
The term derives from the medieval term "private soldiers" (a term still used in the British Army), denoting individuals who were either hired, conscripted, or mustered into service by a feudal nobleman commanding a battle group of an army.[citation needed] The usage of "private" dates from the 18th century.
AsiaEdit
IsraelEdit
For information, you may refer to Israel Defense Forces ranks.
In the Israel Defense Forces, טוראי Turai ("private") refers to the lowest enlisted rank. After 7–10 months of service (7 for combatants, 8 for combat support and 10 for non-combatants) soldiers are promoted from private to corporal (rav-turai or rabat), if they performed their duties appropriately during this time. Soldiers who take a commander's course, are prisoner instructors or practical engineers become corporals earlier. An IDF private wears no uniform insignia and is sometimes described as having a "slick sleeve" for this reason.
Israel Defense Forces ranks : נגדים חוגרים hogrim - enlisted
IDF NCO
Rank טוראי
Turai רב טוראי
Rav turai סמל
Samal סמל ראשון
Samal rishon
NATO OR–2 OR–3 OR–4
Abbreviation טוראי
Turai רב"ט
Rabat סמל
Samal סמ"ר
Corresponding
Rank Private Corporal Sergeant Staff sergeant
More details at Israel Defense Forces ranks & IDF 2012 - Ranks (idf.il, English)
KoreaEdit
The equivalent ranks to privates within the North and South Korean armies are il-byong (private first class) and e-byong (private second class). The symbol for this rank is 1 line ( | ) or 2 lines ( || ). Private second class is known by 1 line, while private first class is 2 lines.
SingaporeEdit
Once recruits complete their Basic Military Training (BMT) or Basic Rescue Training (BRT), they attain the rank of private (PTE). Privates do not wear ranks on their rank holder. PTEs who performed well are promoted to the rank of Lance Corporal (LCP). The PFC rank is rarely awarded nowadays by SAF. All private enlistees can be promoted directly to lance corporal should they meet the minimum qualifying requirements, conduct appraisal and work performance.[1] Recruits who did not complete BMT but completed 2 years of National Service will be promoted to private.
IndonesiaEdit
Indonesian Army privates pose with two Generals
Main article: Indonesian military ranks
In Indonesia, this rank is referred to as Tamtama (specifically Prajurit), which is the lowest rank in the Indonesian Armed Forces and special Police Force. In the Indonesian Army, "Private" has three levels, which are: Private (Prajurit Dua), Private First Class (Prajurit Satu), and Master Private (Prajurit Kepala). After this rank, it is promoted the rank: Corporal.
Private (Prajurit Dua)
Private First Class (Prajurit Satu)
Master Private (Prajurit Kepala)
CommonwealthEdit
In the Australian Army, a soldier of private rank wears no insignia.[2] Like its British Army counterpart, the Australian Army rank of private (PTE) has other titles, depending on the corps and specification of that service member.
The following alternative ranks are available for privates in the Australian Army:
Craftsman (CFN) – Royal Australian Electrical and Mechanical Engineers
Gunner (GNR) – Royal Australian Artillery
Sapper (SPR) – Royal Australian Engineers;
Musician (MUSN) – Australian Army Band Corps
Signalman (SIG) – Royal Australian Corps of Signals
Trooper (TPR) – Royal Australian Armoured Corps, Australian Army Aviation and the Australian Special Air Service Regiment
CanadaEdit
In the Canadian Armed Forces, private is the lowest rank for members who wear army uniform. There are three levels of private: private (recruit), private (basic), and private (trained). All persons holding the rank of private are referred to as such and the qualifier shown in brackets is used on employment records only. The air force rank of aviator was formerly private, but this changed when traditional air force rank insignia were restored. The French-language equivalent of private is soldat.
Private (recruit) (Pte(R)) – an untrained new recruit holds this rank through recruit training, known as the Basic Military Qualification Course (BMQ).
Private (basic) (Pte(B)) – after BMQ, a soldier becomes a private (basic). This rank is held through occupational training (Qualification Level 3) until Qualfication Level 4 is attained. Private (recruit) and private (basic) are Development Period 1 within the Canadian Forces Professional Development System.
Private (trained) (Pte(T)) – A private (basic) becomes a private (trained) upon attaining Qualification Level 4. A private (trained) is the only private to wear rank insignia, a single chevron. Private (trained) and the next rank of corporal are Development Period 2 within the Canadian Forces Professional Development System.[3]
Canadian Army privates may be known by other titles, depending on their military trade and their unit’s tradition:
Trooper – armoured crewman in the Royal Canadian Armoured Corps
Gunner – Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery
Sapper – Corps of Royal Canadian Engineers
Signaller – Royal Canadian Corps of Signals
Craftsman – Corps of Royal Canadian Electrical and Mechanical Engineers
Guardsman – Royal Canadian Infantry Corps (RCIC) members of foot guard regiments
Fusilier – RCIC members of fusilier regiments
Rifleman – RCIC members of rifle regiments
India and PakistanEdit
In the Indian Army and Pakistan Army the lowest enlisted rank is sepoy (/ˈsiːpɔɪ/), literally meaning "soldier" derived from Persian. A sepoy does not wear any rank insignia on his uniform.
South AfricaEdit
In the South African Army the lowest enlisted rank is Private. Privates don't wear insignia on their uniforms. In the different corps it is known with different titles.
Rifleman (Rfn) - South African Infantry Corps
Signalman (Sgn) - South African Signal Corps
Gunner (Gnr) - South African Armour Corps
Gunner (Gnr) - South African Artillery Corps
Sapper (Spr) - South African Engineer Corps
In the British Army, a private (Pte) equates to both OR-1 and OR-2 on the NATO scale, although there is no difference in rank. Privates wear no insignia. Many regiments and corps use other distinctive and descriptive names instead of private, some of these ranks have been used for centuries, others are less than 100 years old.[4] In the contemporary British Armed Forces, the army rank of private is broadly equivalent to able seaman in the Royal Navy, aircraftman, leading aircraftman and senior aircraftman in the Royal Air Force, and marine (Mne) or bandsman, as appropriate equivalent rank in the Royal Marines. In the Boys' Brigade the rank of private is used when a boy moves from the junior section to the company section.
Notably, both Sir Fitzroy Maclean and Enoch Powell are examples of rare, rapid career progression with the British Army, both rising from the rank of private to at least brigadier during World War II.
Distinctive equivalents for private include:
Airtrooper (AirTpr) – Army Air Corps
Bugler (Bgr) – buglers in The Rifles and formerly also in other Rifle regiments
Craftsman (Cfn) – Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (women as well as men use this rank)
Drummer (Dmr) – drummers in infantry regiments
Fusilier (Fus) – Fusilier regiments
Gunner (Gnr) – Royal Artillery
Guardsman (Gdsm) – Foot Guards
Highlander (Hldr) – The Highlanders
Kingsman (Kgn) – Duke of Lancaster's Regiment
Musician (Musn) – military bands (formerly if a military band had a Bandmaster, they would be known as Bandsman (Bdsm))
Piper (Ppr) – bagpipers in Scottish and Irish regiments
Ranger (Rgr) – Royal Irish Regiment and Royal Irish Rangers
Rifleman (Rfn) – Rifle regiments
Sapper (Spr) – Royal Engineers
Signaller (Sig) – Royal Corps of Signals (formerly called signalman)
Trooper (Tpr) – Household Cavalry, Royal Armoured Corps, Special Air Service and Honourable Artillery Company
Trumpeter (Tptr) – trumpeters in the Household Cavalry (and formerly in all cavalry regiments)
Royal MarinesEdit
In the Corps of Royal Marines the rank structure follows that of British infantry regiments, the only real exception being that the Royal Marines equivalent of private is Marine (Mne).
Europe and Latin AmericaEdit
The lowest rank in the Austrian Armed Forces is the Rekrut (literally Recruit). For recruits in training to become non-commissioned or commissioned officers the rank bears an additional silver crossbar.
Up until 1998 the rank was called Wehrmann. In 2017 the silver crossbar was removed, as the system of the 'officers career' changed.
Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Mexico and SpainEdit
The equivalent rank to private in the Spanish, Mexican, Colombian, Dominican and Argentinian army is the soldado raso meaning "rankless soldier" or simply soldado.
BelgiumEdit
On enlistment in the Belgian army one is given the rank of soldaat (Dutch) or soldat (French), whether one wishes to be a volunteer, non-commissioned officer or officer. Subsequent rank depends on the branch of the service: for example, at the Royal Military Academy (for officer training) one is soon promoted to the rank of korporaal (Dutch) or caporal (French) i.e. "corporal". The insignia is a simple black mark or the simplified version of the Royal Military Academy's coat of arms for candidate officers.
Brazil and PortugalEdit
Soldado is the rank equivalent to private in the Brazilian and Portuguese Armed Forces. Soldado means "soldier" in Portuguese.
FinlandEdit
Military rank insignia of sotamies (private) of the Finnish Army and Air Force.
The Finnish equivalent rank is sotamies (literally "war man"), although since 1973 this has been purely a paper term as all infantry troopers were renamed as jääkäri troops, previously reserved only to mobile light infantry. As in the British army, the various branches use different names:
Infantry – jääkäri ("jaeger")
Military engineers – pioneeri ("pioneer")
Signal corps – viestimies ("message man")
Cavalry – rakuuna ("dragoon")
Artillery – tykkimies ("cannon man")
Tank corps – panssarimies ("tank man")
In the Finnish Air Force, the basic rank is lentosotamies ("flight war man"). In the Finnish Navy, the basic rank is matruusi ("seaman").
Special corps troopers may be referred by their function or unit, such as kaartinjääkäri (Guards jaeger), panssarijääkäri (panzerjäger), laskuvarjojääkäri (paratroop jaeger), rajajääkäri (border jaeger) or rannikkojääkäri (coastal jaeger).
FranceEdit
In the French army soldat de seconde classe is the lowest military rank. This rank is also referred to as recrue ("recruit").
The German Bundeswehr modern-day equivalent of the private rank (NATO-standard code OR-2) is Gefreiter.
The equivalent of the lowest rank (NATO-standard code OR-1) is either Schütze (rifleman), Kanonier (gunner) or Jäger (light-infantryman otherwise ranger), and sometimes in general simply Soldat (soldier), as well as other unit-specific distinctions.[5] Up until 1918 it was Gemeine[6] (Ordinary [soldier]) as well as unit-specific distinctions such as Musketier (musketeer), Infanterist (infantryman), Kürassier (cuirassier), Jäger (light-infantryman otherwise ranger), Füsilier (fusilier) etc., until 1945 Soldat (soldier) and unit-specific distinctions such as Schütze (rifleman), Grenadier (grenadier) etc. The navy equivalent of the OR-1 rank is known as Matrose[5] (sailor or seaman), and the German Air Force equivalent is Flieger[5] (aviator or airman) which is also used by army aviators.
Bundeswehr OR-1-rank: Soldat (Heer), Flieger (German Air Force) and Matrose (German Navy)
Schütze, Kanonier, Jäger rank
shoulder epaulette
Army (Heer) uniform jacket
Army (Heer) combat uniform
Flieger rank
Air Force (Luftwaffe) combat uniform
Schütze, Kanonier, Jäger Unteroffizieranwärter (UA) NCO-candidate rank
Matrose rank
Navy service uniform
HungaryEdit
The name of the lowest rank in the Hungarian army (Magyar Honvédség) is the honvéd which means "homeland defender". The word is also used informally for a soldier in general of any rank (i.e. "our honvéds" or an officer referred as a honvédtiszt, honvéd officer). This is because Hungarian military traditions are strictly defensive, despite the Hungarian army participating in offensives on foreign soil in both world wars. The word honvéd has been in use since the Hungarian Revolution of 1848.
2* private
Private (Pte) (saighdiúr singil in Irish), is the lowest enlisted rank in the Irish Army. Soldiers enlist as recruits then undergo a basic course of instruction. There are three grades of private in the army. After basic training the soldier is upgraded (rather than promoted) from recruit to private 2 star (Pte 2*) (saighdiúr singil, 2 réalta). After more corps-specific training (usually lasting eight weeks) the soldier is upgraded to private 3 star (Pte 3*) (saighdiúr singil, 3 réalta). All are usually just addressed as "private", although before being upgraded, recruits may be addressed as "recruit".
In corps units, the rank designation changes. In the artillery, the rank is known as gunner (Gnr), but usually only after the completion of a gunners' course, and in the cavalry it is known as trooper (Tpr). Communications and Information Services privates are known as signalman or signalwoman. Medical orderlies are sometimes referred to as medic, although this can apply to privates and corporals.
In the Italian Army soldato is the lowest military rank. This rank is also referred to as recluta (meaning recruit). Soldato is the generic term for private. But in many specialized corps this term is never used, as a more specific, corp related, term is preferred. For instance the lowest rank in Alpine troops is alpino, and the lowest rank in the artillery is artigliere. In the air force this is ranked as aviere and in the navy as marinaio.
NetherlandsEdit
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2008)
In the Royal Netherlands Army, the Landmacht, the equivalent ranks are soldaat (soldier), similar to the original French, with different classes:
Soldaat der derde klasse (soldier/private 3rd class), for soldiers in Algemene Militaire Opleiding or AMO (General Military Training), with insignia.
Soldaat der tweede klasse (soldier/privat 2nd class), the basic infantry rank, an insignia single striped red band, obtained after AMO but before completion of Initiële Functie Opleiding or IFO (initial job training).
Soldaat der eerste klasse (soldier/privat 1st class), comparable to private first class, with an insignia with two neighbouring striped red bands, obtained automatically a year after completion of IFO.
Depending on where the soldaat serves, he may be deemed a kanonnier (gunner in the artillery), huzaar (hussar in the cavalry) or fuselier (rifleman in the rifles) as well as commando, jager or rijder. There is less differentiation than in other countries between different armed forces. A soldaat can be promoted to korporaal (corporal).
In the Swedish Armed Forces a recruit is given the rank of ’’menig’’ in the army and ’’sjöman’’ in the navy.
After basic training which is roughly 3 months other terms can be used such as ’’soldat’’ (soldier), ’’jägare’’, etc.
In the Swiss Armed Forces a recruit is given the rank of Soldat when he finishes basic training, mostly after 13 weeks.
TurkeyEdit
In the Turkish Land Forces, Turkish Air Force and Turkish Naval Forces; Er (Private) is the lowest rank possible. This rank does not have any insignia.
United StatesEdit
United States ArmyEdit
U.S. Army private E-2's insignia
In the United States Army, private is used for the two lowest enlisted ranks, just below private first class (E-3) or PFC. The lowest rank is "Private (E-1)" or PV1, and sometimes referred to as recruit, but also held by some soldiers after punishment through the Uniform Code of Military Justice or prisoners after conviction until they are discharged. A PV1 wears no uniform rank insignia; since the advent of the Army Combat Uniform (ACU), the term "fuzzy" has come into vogue, referring to the blank velcro patch on the ACU where the rank would normally be placed. The second rank, "Private (E-2)" or PV2, wears a single chevron, known colloquially as "mosquito wings". Advancement to PV2 is automatic after six months' time in service, but may get shortened to four months if given a waiver. A person who earned the Eagle Scout award, the Gold Award, or completed at least two years of JROTC may enlist at any time at the rank of PV2.[7] The term of address, "Private," may be properly applied to any Army soldier E-1 (PV1) to E-3 (PFC). The abbreviation "PVT" may be used whenever the specific grade of private is immaterial (such as in Tables of Organization and Equipment). While a soldier is currently in Initial Enlistment Training, he or she will often be referred to as "Private" by the training cadre, regardless of actual rank, even if the soldier enlisted as a Specialist (E-4).[citation needed]
United States Marine CorpsEdit
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
In the United States Marine Corps, private (Pvt) refers only to the lowest enlisted rank, just below private first class. A Marine Corps private wears no uniform insignia and is sometimes described as having a "slick sleeve" for this reason. Most new, non-officer Marines begin their military career as a private. In the Marine Corps, privates first class are not referred to as "private"; it is more appropriate to use either "private first class" or "PFC".
List of comparative military ranks
^ Singapore Air Force. "SAF Military Ranks - Enlistees". Archived from the original on 27 February 2015. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
^ "Australian Army Insignia". Users.chariot.net.au. Archived from the original on 1 January 2009. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
^ "DAOD 5031-8, Canadian Forces Professional Development". Retrieved 30 September 2018.
^ "About The Royal Green Jackets – Did you know that?". Rgjmuseum.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2 March 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.
^ a b c "Official Website (Bundeswehr): Uniformen der Bundeswehr (Uniforms of the German Federal Defence Forces); shows service ranks of the Luftwaffe (page 15-17), Heer (page 09-13) and Navy (page 19-21), in German" (PDF). Bundeswehr.de. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
^ "Duden : Gemeine : Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition". Duden.de (in German). Retrieved 7 July 2016.
^ "Army Regulation 601-210, Chapter 2–18" (PDF). Armypubs.army.mil. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2012. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
U.S. Army Enlisted Rank Insignia – Criteria, Background, and Images
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Private_(rank)&oldid=906686670#United_States"
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Roman emperor
For other uses, see Gratian (disambiguation).
Augustus of the Western Roman Empire
Emperor of the Roman Empire
24 August 367 – 17 November 375 (junior Augustus of the west under his father);
17 November 375 – 9 August 378 (senior Augustus of the west, with his brother as junior);
9 August 378 – 19 January 379 (senior Augustus of the whole empire, with his brother);
19 January 379 – 25 August 383 (senior Augustus in the west with his brother)
Co-emperors
Valens (Eastern Emperor, 375-378)
Theodosius I (Eastern Emperor, 379-383)
18 April/23 May 359
Sirmium (Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia)
(383-08-25)25 August 383 (aged 24)
Flavia Maxima Constantia
Laeta
Flavius Gratianus Augustus
Regnal name
Imperator Caesar Flavius Gratianus Augustus
Valentinian
Marina Severa
Gratian (/ˈɡreɪʃən/; Latin: Flavius Gratianus Augustus;[1] Greek: Γρατιανός; 18 April/23 May 359 – 25 August 383) was Roman emperor from 367 to 383. The eldest son of Valentinian I, Gratian accompanied, during his youth, his father on several campaigns along the Rhine and Danube frontiers. Upon the death of Valentinian in 375, Gratian's brother Valentinian II was declared emperor by his father's soldiers. In 378, Gratian's generals won a decisive victory over the Lentienses, a branch of the Alamanni, at the Battle of Argentovaria. Gratian subsequently led a campaign across the Rhine, the last emperor to do so, and attacked the Lentienses, forcing the tribe to surrender. That same year, his uncle Valens was killed in the Battle of Adrianople against the Goths. He favoured Christianity over traditional Roman religion, refusing the office of Pontifex maximus and removing the Altar of Victory from the Roman Senate.
2 Empire and Christianity
Find sources: "Gratian" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Gratian was the son of Emperor Valentinian I[2] by Marina Severa, and was born at Sirmium[3] (now Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia) in Pannonia. He was named after his grandfather Gratian the Elder. Gratian was first married to Flavia Maxima Constantia, daughter of Constantius II. His second wife was Laeta. Both marriages remained childless. His stepmother was Empress Justina and his paternal half siblings were Valentinian II, Galla and Justa. Gratian was educated by Ausonius who had praised his pupil for his tolerance.
On 24 August 367 he received from his father the title of Augustus. When his father died on 17 November 375, Gratian began his actual reign at the age of sixteen. Six days later, Gratian's half brother Valentinian II, Valentinian's four-year old son by his second wife Justina, was also proclaimed Emperor by troops in Pannonia, impelled by the generals Aequitius and Maximinus, two of Valentinian's more unscrupulous ministers.[4][5]
Gratian prudently acquiesced in their choice; reserving for himself the administration of the Gallic provinces, to command the forces responsible for the frontier, while handing over the peaceful Italy, Illyricum and Africa to Valentinian and his mother, who fixed their residence at Mediolanum. The division, however, was merely nominal, and the real authority even in those provinces remained in the hands of Gratian.[6]
Gratian, with the aid of his capable generals Mallobaudes, a king of the Franks, and Naniemus, completely defeated the Lentienses, the southernmost branch of the Alamanni, in May 378 at the Battle of Argentovaria. Next, Gratian personally led a campaign across the Upper Rhine into the territory of the Lentienses. After initial trouble facing the Lentienses on high ground, Gratian blockaded the enemy instead and received their surrender. The Lentienses were forced to supply young men to be levied into the Roman army, while the remainder were allowed to return home.
Later that year, Gratian's uncle Valens met his death in the Battle of Adrianople against a coalition of hostile Gothic and Hunnic tribes who had rebelled after being settled in Thrace by the eastern emperor. Valens refused to wait for Gratian, who had promised to march to his aid as soon as the Alemanni threat was contained; as a result, two-thirds of Valens men, to the number of 40,000 dead, fell in the battle along with the emperor and some of his top staff.[7] By the time Gratian arrived in the east, the Gothic war had spiraled out of control; the provinces south of the Danube were daily being devastated by barbarians, and Roman authority as well as military prestige was all but annihilated.[8] Hearing that the Germans were planning a new invasion in Gaul now that Gratian had departed from the province, and convinced that one emperor alone was incapable of repelling the inundation of foes on several different fronts, Gratian appointed the Spaniard Theodosius I Augustus on 19 January 379 to govern the east.[9] During the ensuing four years Theodosius would take advantage of the internal discord and disorder of the Goths to destroy the more intractable of the barbarians and settle the rest by a peaceful treaty in the provinces of Thrace and Asia Minor.[10]
For some years Gratian governed the Empire with energy and success, earning the esteem of the army and people by his personal courage and justice,[11] but at length, being deprived by death of some of his abler counselors, the promising young emperor neglected public affairs, and occupied himself chiefly with the hunting.[12] He alienated the army and German auxiliaries by his favoritism towards his Frankish general Merobaudes and a body of Scythian archers whom he made his body-guard and companions in the hunt.[13]
Solidus of Gratian
By appearing in public in the dress of a Scythian warrior, after the disaster of the Battle of Adrianople, he finally exasperated his army. One of his generals, Magnus Maximus, took advantage of this feeling to raise the standard of revolt in Britain and invaded Gaul with a large army. From Paris, Gratian, having been deserted by his troops, fled to Lyon. There, through the treachery of the governor, Gratian was delivered over to one of the rebel generals, Andragathius, and assassinated on 25 August 383.[14][15]
Empire and Christianity[edit]
The reign of Gratian forms an important epoch in church history, since during that period Nicene Christianity for the first time became dominant throughout the empire. In his reign, his co-Emperor Theodosius I also published an edict that all their subjects should profess the faith of the bishops of Rome and Alexandria (i.e., the Nicene faith). The move was mainly thrust at the various beliefs that had arisen out of Arianism, but smaller dissident sects, such as the Macedonians, were also prohibited.
Gratian, under the influence of Ambrose, Bishop of Milan,[16][17] took active steps against pagan worship.[18][19] This brought to an end a period of widespread religious tolerance that had existed since the death of Julian.[20][21][22]
In 382, Gratian appropriated the income of the pagan priests and Vestal Virgins, forbade legacies of real property to them and abolished other privileges belonging to the Vestals and to the pontiffs. He confiscated the personal possessions of the colleges of pagan priests, which also lost all their privileges and immunities. Gratian declared that all of the pagan temples and shrines were to be confiscated by the government and that their revenues were to be joined to the property of the royal treasury.[23] According to Zosimus, Gratian was the first Emperor to reject the insignia of the Pontifex Maximus.[24] He ordered another removal of the Altar of Victory from the Senate House at Rome, despite protests of the pagan members of the Senate, and confiscated its revenues.[25][26]
Byzantine Empire portal
List of Byzantine emperors
^ In Classical Latin, Gratian's name would be inscribed as FLAVIVS GRATIANVS AVGVSTVS.
^ Roman-emperors.org
^ Rose, Hugh James (1853). A New General Biographical Dictionary. p. 90.
^ An Encyclopedia of World History, (Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1952), ch. II., Ancient History, p. 120
^ Edward Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, (The Modern Library, 1932, ch. XXV., p. 898
^ Gibbon, p. 899
^ Edward Gibbon, chap. XXVI., pp. 937-938, 947
^ Gibbon, pp. 939-943
^ Gibbon, pp. 943, 944
^ Gibbon, p. 934; chap. XXVII., p. 956
^ An Encyclopedia of World History, Ibid
^ "Gratian", Catholic Encyclopedia, 1909
^ "Letter of Gratian to Ambrose", The Letters of Ambrose Bishop of Milan, 379 AD.[1]
^ R. MacMullen, "Christianizing The Roman Empire A.D.100–400, Yale University Press, 1984, ISBN 0-300-03642-6
^ Theodosian Code 2.8.18–2.8.25, 16.7.1–16.7.5
^ Zosimus (4.35) indicated that change occurred in Gratian's character when he fell under the influence of evil courtiers.
^ R. Kirsch, God Against the Gods, Viking Compass, 2004.
^ Samuel Dill, Roman Society in the Last Century of the Western Empire, 2d rev ed., Meridian New York, 1958, p. 26.
^ Theodosian Code 16.10.20; Symmachus Relationes 1–3; Ambrose Epistles 17–18.
^ Zosimus, New History 4.36.3.; Pontifex Maximus Livius.org article by Jona Lendering retrieved August 21, 2011
^ Sheridan, J.J., "The Altar of Victory – Paganism's Last Battle." L'Antiquite Classique 35 (1966): 187.
^ Ambrose Epistles 17–18; Symmachus Relationes 1–3.
Ammianus Marcellinus, Res Gestae Libri XXXI
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Gratian". Encyclopædia Britannica. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 378.
Media related to Gratian at Wikimedia Commons
Flavius Gratianus (AD 359 – AD 383)
This list of Roman laws of the fourth century shows laws passed by Gratian relating to Christianity.
Valentinian dynasty
Born: 18 April or 23 May 359 Died: 25 August 383
Valentinian I and Valens Roman Emperor
with Valens (375–378)
Valentinian II (375–383)
Theodosius I (379–383) Succeeded by
Valentinian II and Theodosius I
Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus,
Imp. Caesar Flavius Valens Augustus Consul of the Roman Empire
with Dagalaifus Succeeded by
Flavius Lupicinus,
Flavius Iovinus
Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus III,
Imp. Caesar Flavius Valens Augustus III Consul of the Roman Empire
with Sextus Claudius Petronius Probus Succeeded by
Domitius Modestus,
Flavius Arinthaeus
Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus IV,
Imp. Caesar Flavius Valens Augustus IV Consul of the Roman Empire
with Flavius Equitius Succeeded by
Post consulatum Gratiani Augusti III et Equiti
Imp. Caesar Flavius Valens Augustus V,
Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus Consul of the Roman Empire
with Flavius Merobaudes Succeeded by
Imp. Caesar Flavius Valens Augustus VI,
Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus II
Decimius Magnus Ausonius,
Quintus Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius Consul of the Roman Empire
with Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus Succeeded by
Flavius Syagrius,
Flavius Eucherius
Roman and Byzantine emperors
Principate
27 BC – 235 AD
Otho
Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus
Pertinax
(Pescennius Niger)
(Clodius Albinus)
Caracalla with Geta
Macrinus with Diadumenian
Maximinus Thrax
Gordian I and Gordian II
Pupienus and Balbinus
Philip the Arab with Philip II
Decius with Herennius Etruscus
Hostilian
Trebonianus Gallus with Volusianus
Aemilianus
Gallienus with Saloninus and Valerian II
Claudius Gothicus
Quintillus
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Gallic Emperors:
(Laelianus)
(Domitianus II)
Tetricus I with Tetricus II as Caesar
Diocletian (whole empire)
Diocletian (East) and Maximian (West)
Diocletian (East) and Maximian (West) with Galerius (East) and Constantius Chlorus (West) as Caesares
Galerius (East) and Constantius Chlorus (West) with Severus (West) and Maximinus II (East) as Caesares
Galerius (East) and Severus (West) with Constantine the Great (West) and Maximinus II (East) as Caesares
Galerius (East) and Maxentius (West) with Constantine the Great (West) and Maximinus II (East) as Caesares
Galerius (East) and Licinius I (West) with Constantine the Great (West) and Maximinus II (East) as Caesares
Maxentius (alone)
Licinius I (West) and Maximinus II (East) with Constantine the Great (Self-proclaimed Augustus) and Valerius Valens
Licinius I (East) and Constantine the Great (West) with Licinius II, Constantine II, and Crispus as Caesares
(Martinian)
Constantine the Great (whole empire) with son Crispus as Caesar
Constans I
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Constantius II with Vetranio
Valentinian the Great
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(Eugenius)
Western Empire
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Heraklonas
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Constantine IV with brothers Heraclius and Tiberius and then Justinian II as co-emperors
Justinian II (first reign)
Leontios
Justinian II (second reign) with son Tiberius as co-emperor
Philippikos
Anastasios II
Theodosius III
Leo III the Isaurian
Constantine V
Artabasdos
Nikephoros I
Staurakios
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Romanos II
Nikephoros II Phokas
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Zoë (first reign) and Romanos III Argyros
Zoë (first reign) and Michael IV the Paphlagonian
Michael V Kalaphates
Zoë (second reign) with Theodora
Zoë (second reign) and Constantine IX Monomachos
Constantine IX Monomachos (sole emperor)
Michael VI Bringas
Isaac I Komnenos
Constantine X Doukas
Romanos IV Diogenes
Michael VII Doukas with brothers Andronikos and Konstantios and son Constantine
Nikephoros III Botaneiates
Alexios I Komnenos
John II Komnenos with Alexios Komnenos as co-emperor
Manuel I Komnenos
Alexios II Komnenos
Andronikos I Komnenos with John Komnenos as co-emperor
Isaac II Angelos
Alexios III Angelos
Alexios IV Angelos
Nicholas Kanabos (chosen by the Senate)
Alexios V Doukas
Empire of Nicaea
Constantine Laskaris
Theodore I Laskaris
John III Doukas Vatatzes
Theodore II Laskaris
John IV Laskaris
Michael VIII Palaiologos
Andronikos II Palaiologos with Michael IX Palaiologos as co-emperor
Andronikos III Palaiologos
John V Palaiologos
John VI Kantakouzenos with John V Palaiologos and Matthew Kantakouzenos as co-emperors
Andronikos IV Palaiologos
John VII Palaiologos
Andronikos V Palaiologos
Manuel II Palaiologos
John VIII Palaiologos
Constantine XI Palaiologos
Italics indicates a co-emperor, while underlining indicates a usurper.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gratian&oldid=895884870"
359 births
383 deaths
4th-century murdered monarchs
4th-century Christians
4th-century Roman emperors
Flavii
Executed Roman emperors
4th-century Byzantine emperors
Imperial Roman consuls
4th-century executions
People executed by the Roman Empire
People from Sremska Mitrovica
Illyrian people
Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
Wikipedia articles with ULAN identifiers
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Seven Early Songs (Berg)
Sieben frühe Lieder
Seven Early Songs
Lieder by Alban Berg
The composer, sketched by Emil Stumpp in 1927
poems by Carl Hauptmann, Nikolaus Lenau, Theodor Storm, Rainer Maria Rilke, Johannes Schlaf, Otto Erich Hartleben, Paul Hohenberg
Composed
1905 (1905)–08
medium voice
The Seven Early Songs (Sieben frühe Lieder) (c. 1905 – 1908), are early compositions of Alban Berg, written while he was under the tutelage of Arnold Schoenberg. They are an interesting synthesis combining Berg's heritage of pre-Schoenberg song writing with the rigour and undeniable influence of Schoenberg. The writing very much carries with it the heritage of Richard Strauss (although the influences of a number of other composers can be discerned – Gustav Mahler and Hugo Wolf for example, as well as Claude Debussy's harmonic palette in evidence in "Nacht"), through the expansiveness of gesture and 'opening of new vistas,' and that of Richard Wagner. The songs were first written for a medium voice and piano;[1] the composer himself revised them in 1928 for high voice and orchestra.[2]
The seven songs are:[3]
Nacht (Night) – text by Carl Hauptmann [de]
Schilflied (Song amid the reeds) – Nikolaus Lenau
Die Nachtigall (The nightingale) – Theodor Storm
Traumgekrönt (Crowned in dream) – Rainer Maria Rilke
Im Zimmer (Indoors) – Johannes Schlaf
Liebesode (Ode to Love) – Otto Erich Hartleben
Sommertage (Summer days) – Paul Hohenberg
Instrumentation[edit]
The revised version is scored for high voice (soprano) and:[2]
2 flutes (2nd doubling piccolo), 2 oboes (2nd doubling English horn), 2 clarinets in B flat, bass clarinet in A, 2 bassoons, contra-bassoon;
4 horns in F, trumpet in F, 2 tenor trombones;
timpani, percussion, harp, celesta;
strings: violins I and II, violas, violoncellos, double basses.
^ "Alban Berg – 7 frühe Lieder for medium voice and piano". Universal Edition. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
^ a b "Alban Berg – 7 frühe Lieder for high voice and orchestra". Universal Edition. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
^ Krellmann, Hanspeter (translation Lionel Salter) (1992). Lieder 1920–1925 (CD liner). Alban Berg. Capriccio. 10419.
Wozzeck
Three Pieces for Orchestra
Violin Concerto
Lyric Suite
Piano Sonata
Altenberg Lieder
"Der Wein"
Schliesse mir die Augen beide
Farben chord
Literaturoper
Schoenberg hexachord
Second Viennese School
Twelve-tone technique
Portal:Classical music
BNF: cb13908420s (data)
MusicBrainz work: 64ef875f-428d-4662-bdd3-d8a4cb335f08
WorldCat Identities (via LCCN): n81-081334
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seven_Early_Songs_(Berg)&oldid=883990273"
Compositions by Alban Berg
Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz work identifiers
Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-LCCN identifiers
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Page:Pictures From Italy.djvu/89
NICE HARBOUR.
an hour or less, there came a loud shout from the guard-house. The captain was wanted. Everybody helped the captain into his boat. Everybody got his luggage, and said we were going. The captain rowed away, and disappeared behind a little jutting corner of the Galley-slaves' Prison: and presently came back with something, very sulkily. The Brave Courier met him at the side, and received the something as its rightful owner. It was a wicker-basket, folded in a linen cloth; and in it were two great bottles of wine, a roast fowl, some salt fish chopped with garlic, a great loaf of bread, a dozen or so of peaches, and a few other trifles. When we had selected our own breakfast, the Brave Courier invited a chosen party to partake of these refreshments, and assured them that they need not be deterred by motives of delicacy, as he would order a second basket to be furnished at their expense. Which he did—no one knew how—and by and by, the captain being again summoned, again sulkily returned with another something; over which my popular attendant presided as before: carving with a clasp-knife, his own personal property, something smaller than a Roman sword.
The whole party on board were made merry by these unexpected supplies; but none more so, than a loquacious little Frenchman, who got drunk in five minutes, and a sturdy Cappuccino Friar, who had taken everybody's fancy mightily, and was one of the best friars in the world, I verily believe.
He had a free, open countenance; and a rich brown, flowing beard; and was a remarkably handsome man, of
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Moguls host first home football game since 2016
By Brett Nachtigall
EDGEMONT – After not playing a single home game last season due to the school's new Cody Barker Memorial Field and track being under construction, the Edgemont Moguls football team was back on their home turf last Friday night, Aug. 17, as they hosted the Harding County Ranchers in "Week 0" of the 2018 Class 9B schedule.
Prior to kickoff, the many volunteers who have helped make the new field possible were recognized with an on-field ceremony. And while it was good for the Moguls to be back in action again, the final outcome fell heavily in favor of the visiting Ranchers as they won in a runaway 56-6.
“We came out and played a very good first quarter,” said Edgemont head coach Dustin Christensen. “We showed what we could do and we moved the ball down the field against a tough Harding County team. We had a chance to take the lead when we were down on our goal line, however, we could not execute and punch it in.”
“Overall, we played with Harding County, but we have a young team this year, especially with our offensive line,” added Coach Christensen. “The one thing that hurt us and got us out of the game was that we had 12 total penalties for 95 yards that hurt us. We will be working on staying disciplined and being relentless in practice. I don't think Harding County expected us to come out like we did as I think they thought they would have the game over by half, in which we played into the fourth quarter with four minutes to go.”
Sophomore quarterback Caleb Simons led the team with 179 yards rushing on 22 attempts and scored the team's only touchdown, which came in the second quarter. Senior running back Ryan Simons also ran the ball very well , according to Christensen. He had 35 yards on the night.
“We had a great rushing attack as we carried the ball 32 times for 223 yards,” Coach Christensen said. “On defense, Dalton Reutter was a stud, as he had eight total tackles for us.”
Caleb Simons also added six tackles of his own, followed by junior Brennan Hanes with five and freshman Riley Waite with three. Hanes also had 44 yards for the Moguls on special teams by returning kicks.
“On defense, we will need to work on reading the play and gain tackling as a whole team,” added Christensen. “This is Game 1 of the season and we have seven more games to go. I tell players to stay positive and that it does not matter how you start the season, but how you end it. I truly believe we have a chance to make the playoffs this year and Harding County could be the first team we see in playoffs.”
This Friday the Moguls will host Crawford, Neb., in the first six-man football game to be played in the state of South Dakota in many years. Kickoff is set for 7 p.m.
PHOTO CUTLINE:
ABOVE: Edgemont senior Ryan Simons catches a pass from his younger brother Caleb Simons and then cuts around Harding County linebacker Robert Hansen for a first down.
LEFT: Town and area residents and volunteers who helped create Edgemont High’s new football field stand before football fans as the new field is dedicated last Friday evening during pre-game ceremonies before the season opener against the Harding County Ranchers.
Photos by Dick Kettlewell/
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Turkey and Bulgaria named cheapest European beach resorts for families
Bulgaria and Turkey are the best bets for bargain-hunting families looking to cut their holiday spending, a report has revealed.
The annual Post Office Travel Money Family Holiday Report found that prices have fallen in over half of the 15 leading European resorts surveyed – despite the pound’s recent decline in value.
Other cheap destinations include the Algarve in Portugal and the Costa del Sol in Spain.
Prices are down almost 14 per cent since last summer in Sunny Beach, Bulgaria, making it the best value of the 15 destinations
The Post Office Travel Money Holiday Costs Barometer compared costs of food and drink for a family of four
However, the report, using figures from May 2019, found that three-quarters (73 per cent) of parents who set budgets bust them by 25 per cent, spending £159 extra on the average budget of £630 on their last trip.
The biggest pitfall for parents is likely to be the cost of food and drink. Families spent an average of £336 in restaurants, bars and shops, according to the Post Office poll.
The only place where they could easily cut that cost is Sunny Beach, Bulgaria, where prices are down almost 14 per cent since last summer to make it best value of the 15 destinations.
At just over £32 for a family meal for four including drinks together with the cost of a coffee, bottle of beer, glass of wine and soft drink, Sunny Beach has pulled away from its competition and is over a third cheaper than runner-up Marmaris, Turkey (£50, but £43 without beer and coffee).
Over the course of a week, wallet-watchers can expect to spend around £225 in Sunny Beach – over £100 less than the average that families spent on food and drinks. By comparison, prices in Ibiza, Croatia (Zadar), France (Nice) and Italy (Sorrento) are over three times as high.
Ibiza (£97, down 11 per cent), Zadar (£97, -0.5 per cent) and Sorrento (£130, -5.7 per cent) are among eight destinations where UK visitors will find a fall in meal and drinks costs.
The biggest fall is in the Algarve, where the Post Office barometer basket has plummeted since last summer by almost a third (31.3 per cent). At less than £51, the Portuguese family favourite is by far the cheapest of 11 eurozone resort areas surveyed.
Ibiza, Zadar and Sorrento are among eight destinations where UK visitors will find a fall in meal and drinks costs
Prices have also fallen by 9.5 per cent in Playa de Palma, Majorca (£75), to make it sixth cheapest in the food and drinks barometer. Although the Costa del Sol (£66) remains lowest-priced of three Spanish destinations surveyed, this is 30 per cent pricier than the Algarve.
The cost of beach extras is another potential budget buster because Post Office research found that parents spend an average of £153 on kids’ items. It showed 86 per cent splashed out over £35 on ice-creams, while other big ticket items are water parks (average spend £51), pedalo rides (£30) and beach gear like buckets and spades, lilos and swimming goggles (£37).
The cost of beach items varies significantly across the 15 resorts surveyed for the Family Holiday Report Beach Barometer. Marmaris is easily the cheapest place for fun in the sun at just £34.39, a year-on-year fall of around 11 per cent.
The 10 beach items surveyed cost over 44 per cent more in its closest competitors – Sunny Beach (£49.55) and Costa del Sol (£50.93).
The value available to families visiting Marmaris and other Turkish resorts has been boosted by a sterling surge that makes it worth around 20 per cent more against the Turkish lira than last summer. This means visitors can currently expect to receive around £83 extra in Turkish lira on a foreign exchange transaction of £500 at the Post Office.
The value available to families visiting Marmaris (above) and other Turkish resorts has been boosted by a sterling surge that makes it worth around 20 per cent more against the Turkish lira than last summer
Marmaris is easily the cheapest place for fun in the sun where beach extras cost £34.39, a year-on-year fall of around 11 per cent
As with meals and drinks, Post Office Travel Money researchers found that Beach Barometer prices have dropped in over half of the resorts surveyed. Aside from Marmaris, the biggest falls have been in two of the more expensive resorts. In Sorrento prices have dropped 12 per cent to £92.82 and in Ibiza they are 17 per cent lower than a year ago at £93.09.
The highest premium on beach fun is in Nice (£106.01). The 10 beach barometer items cost over three times as much in the South of France as in Marmaris. However, while prices have risen only marginally in Nice – by 1.8 per cent – there have been bigger increases in Greece and Croatia since last summer.
Families visiting Crete (£72.68) can expect to pay 13 per cent more, while they are likely to pay 11 per cent more for the 10 items in Porec, Croatia (£73.56).
Nick Boden, head of Post Office Travel Money, said: ‘Families who are still considering where to holiday will benefit by doing their homework and matching the best value resorts in our survey with the cheapest late deals’
Nick Boden, head of Post Office Travel Money, said: ‘If you’re planning a beach holiday abroad, keeping a tight rein on your holiday funds will be crucial this summer to avoid busting the budget.
‘The Beach Barometer reveals how paying for beach items can tip the family holiday budget into the red so plan carefully and keep costs down by packing suncream, insect repellent, swimming goggles and last year’s lilo into the suitcase. That should help pay for ice creams!
‘Another easy win is to buy currency before leaving home to avoid poor airport bureau rates.’
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6 Tags on The Social Network
Tags: Aaron Sorkin, Atticus Ross, CGI, Dada, David Fincher, Dust Brothers, Eduardo Severin, Edvard Grieg, Erica Albright, Fight Club, Harriet Hayes, Henley Regatta, In the Hall of the Mountain King, Lisbeth Salander, Mark Zuckerberg, Marla Singer, Matt Albie, Matthew Perry, Michael Corleone, Rooney Mara, Sarah Paulson, Sean Parker, Studio 60, Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip, The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, The Godfather: Part II, The Social Network, Trent Reznor, Tyler Durden
1. Fincher
Despite not featuring serial killers or ultra-violence Fincher has made a film that is very much ‘A David Fincher Film’ rather than ‘An Aaron Sorkin Film’, even though Sorkin makes his traditional cameo. Fincher inserts the obligatory show-off CGI enhanced tracking shot, this time across the West Coast night-club, alongside the customary downbeat colour scheme, and creates a constant unnerving tension that wasn’t expected from this particular material.
2. Reznor
The soundtrack by Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross is superb. The rumbling processed beats underneath Sean Parker’s first meeting with Mark and Eduardo are very like the Dust Brothers’ music for Fight Club and serve a slightly different purpose. Yes, they power the film along, but are also quite unsettling. You can rock along to Tyler Durden’s counter-cultural mischief, to a point, but Mark’s actions are always suspicious.
3. Loneliness
The ending is somewhere between The Godfather: Part II and an unhappy Fight Club. In a way Sean Parker is the Tyler Durden of this tale but in the end Mark doesn’t get rid of him to choose Erica Albright instead, a la Tyler and Marla. He’s left clicking refresh repeatedly, all powerful, but all alone; like Michael Corleone haunted by ghosts at the end of Part II.
4. Sorkin
Studio 60’s incredibly vicious break-up fight between Matt and Harriet informs the whole movie; not least because it starts with an equally emotionally raw scene, which sets the prevailing tone for proceedings. There is witty repartee and articulate gags but Sorkin cannot practise his usual optimism when writing a character who isn’t a flawed person so much as a failed person. Mark is all head, and no heart.
5. Henley Regatta
The Henley Regatta sequence is very weird. The colour scheme has been so much Fincher speciale up to this point that the explosion into the bright colour of the summery outdoors is quite a shock. Then Reznor and Ross do a truly strange version of Grieg while Fincher shoots out of focus, edits so rapidly as to be Dadaist, and generally makes a traditional event very odd.
6. The Girl with a Golden Future
Rooney Mara is luminous. She only has three scenes but she’s gifted such wonderfully articulate and devastating dialogue by Sorkin that she conveys achingly the human damage that can be wreaked by the internet’s destructive powers when used against people by their supposed friends. For my money I think she’s far better casting for the part of Lisbeth Salander than her Swedish counterpart…
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Secrets of the Surface World
Mysteries of the Hollow Earth
Perils of the Surface World
Gen Con 2016 Wrap-Up
Published: 13 August 2016 | Written by Jeff Combos | Hits: 2067
The Best Four Days in Gaming have come and gone once more, and Exile Game Studio was there to celebrate Hollow Earth Expedition's 10th Anniversary. It was a big year, with lots of fun things going on, but here are some highlights:
Sales Numbers
Convention sales were down a bit from last year, which is not surprising given the strong response we had to Revelations of Mars last year. This time around we had several new offerings, including our brand new Mars-themed Game Master screen, two new sets of Style chips, and "exploding" Ubiquity dice. Also, for the first time, we…
Read more... Gen Con 2016 Wrap-Up
Exile Game Studio at Gen Con 2016
Exile is thrilled to be at Gen Con 2016, and we have more going on than ever this year. Most importantly, this year is Hollow Earth Expedition's 10th anniversary, and we're celebrating that with costumes, dozens of events, and a slew of new products.
Over the past decade, we have taken players to the center of the Earth, back to the surface world, and onward to Mars. To commemorate that journey we've put together a special Collector's set of Hollow Earth Expedition books, including the hard-to-find hardcover core rulebook. We will only be selling one of these per day so be…
Read more... Exile Game Studio at Gen Con 2016
Published: 08 August 2015 | Written by Jody Kline | Hits: 2133
Gen Con is over and the numbers are in. The convention had record attendance this year, which helped make for an exciting year for Exile. Here are some highlights:
Convention sales were up 36% over last year, thanks mostly to the release of Revelations of Mars. Our new sourcebook dominated the first two days of the convention, but our most popular products at the end of the weekend were the HEX core rulebook and Ubiquity dice as a host of new players picked up the game. Good news for the long-term outlook of Hollow Earth Expedition!
Race the Raptors
Published: 28 July 2015 | Written by Jody Kline | Hits: 2004
Just in time for the release of Revelations of Mars, we've got a brand-new website and store front. We've started from scratch, so if you had an account at the old site, you'll need to create a new one. As with anything new, there's bound to be something not working right, so if you run into any problems, please let us know and we'll correct them as fast as we can. The old website and forums can be reached at http://old.exilegames.com.
Read more... New Website!
Revelations of Mars Kickstarter Funded!
Published: 26 January 2015 | Written by Jeff Combos | Hits: 2435
The Revelations of Mars Kickstarter is funded (and then some). Wow, what a ride! The G-forces still have me plastered to my seat. We not only funded the book, but unlocked style chips, deluxe dice, PDF Mars terrain set, new GM screen, and two PDF adventures. Plus, we joined forces with our Space: 1889 friends and will be giving joint backers two exclusive adventures. That's a lot of great stuff!
I cannot thank you enough for putting your faith and hard-earned money behind this project. And I can't wait to deliver all the cool stuff you pledged for. As crazy-awesome…
Read more... Revelations of Mars Kickstarter Funded!
Published: 27 July 2015 | Written by Jeff Combos | Hits: 2199
Exile has a lot of things going on at Gen Con this year, but don't worry, everything you need to know to track us down (or find the nearest entrance to the Hollow Earth) is listed below.
The big news this year is the release of Revelations of Mars, our much-anticipated sword-and-planet sourcebook for Hollow Earth Expedition. We will have hardcover copies for sale at our booth in addition to limited edition extras, such as Mars-themed Style chips and Ubiquity dice. These extras won't be sold in stores and are limited to what we have left over from our Kickstarter,…
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Tag Wisconsin issues and topics
Joy Zedler
Professor Emerita, botany
Expert on wetland restoration and ecology, reestablishment of native plants, and the interaction of native and exotic species
Adrian Treves
Professor of environmental studies
Expert on coexistence and conflicts between people and wildlife worldwide, especially wolves, bears, and big cats. Constitutional and public trust protections for the environment.
Jean Bahr
Professor, geology and geophysics
Expert on hydrogeology (groundwater)
William Cronon
Professor, history, geography, environmental studies; director, Center for Culture, History and Environment
Expert on history of environment, conservation and environmentalism, U.S. West, frontier, public lands, Wisconsin
Donald Waller
Professor of botany, environmental studies
Expert in ecology, evolutionary biology, conservation biology and biodiversity policy
Timothy Van Deelen
Professor, Forest and Wildlife Ecology
Expert in conservation and management of large mammals and mammal communities in the Great Lakes region (e.g., deer, wolves and black bears).
Susan Paskewitz
Professor, entomology
Expert on biology and control of insects that transmit human and animal diseases, including malaria, West Nile virus, Lyme disease
Stanley Temple
Professor emeritus, forest and wildlife ecology, environmental studies
Expert on birds, wildlife, endangered species, wildlife conservation, biodiversity, conservation biology, ecology and Aldo Leopold
Bret Shaw
Associate Professor, Life Sciences Communication; Environmental Communicatoin Specialist, UW-Extension
Expert on social marketing and communication related to environmental campaigns, eHealth for disease management
James Leary
Professor emeritus, folklore and Scandinavian studies
Expert on the folklore/culture of diverse peoples in Wisconsin and the Upper Midwest
Peter (Pete) Nowak
Professor, Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, emeritus
Expert in the complex relations between Wisconsin agriculture and soil and water resources
Timothy Donohue
Professor, bacteriology; director, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center
Expert on biofuels and bio-based renewable energy technologies
Kenneth Potter
Professor, civil and environmental engineering
Expert on flooding and storm water management
Anna Pidgeon
Assocoate professor, forest and wildlife ecology
Expert on avian ecology, conservation and Wisconsin wildlife
Joseph Salmons
Professor, German; director, Center for the Study of Upper Midwestern Cultures
Language and immigration, German in North America, languages of Wisconsin, American dialects, historical linguistics
Douglas Reinemann
Professor, biological systems engineering
Expert on rural energy, energy sustainability (renewable and bio-energy), milking, stray voltage
Richard Lindroth
Professor, entomology; adjunct professor, zoology
Expertise in ecological effects of climate change, insect pests of deciduous forests, general ecology
Paul Zedler
Professor, environmental studies
Pure and applied plant community and population ecology and related environmental topics
Dennis Dresang
Professor emeritus, political science, La Follette School of Public Affairs
Expert on state and local politics, public management
Barry Orton
Professor emeritus, telecommunications, professional development and applied studies
Telecommunications policy, Internet utilization, cable television regulation, media industries
Roseanne Clark
Associate professor, psychiatry
Expertise in postpartum depression, parent-child relationships, and emotional and behavioral disturbances in infancy and early childhood
William Tracy
Professor and chair, agronomy
Sweet corn breeding and genetics, disease and insect resistance, quality, germination, cold tolerance, genetics of morphology and development
Jake Vander Zanden
Associate professor, zoology, Center for Limnology
Aquatic ecologist, limnologist, conservation biologist
Katherine (Kathy) Cramer
Int. Director, Morgridge Center for Public Service; professor, poli sci; affiliate: J School, LaFollette, Forestry
Expert on civic engagement and political participation, student engagement, public opinion, racial dialogue, political discussion, deliberation, political communication
Director of the Renk Agribusiness Institute; Associate professor, agricultural and applied economics
Expert on the economics of crop production and crop risk management
Randall Jackson
Associate professor, agronomy, agroecology program, Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies
Expert on community and ecosystem ecology in grasslands managed for grazing and/or prairie
Chris Kucharik
Professor, agronomy and Nelson Institute Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment
Expert on agroecosystems, agroclimatology, soil carbon sequestration, ecological modeling, water resources, climate change, and extreme weather
David Mickelson
Emeritus professor, geology and geophysics
Expert on glacial deposits and shoreline processes
Claudio Gratton
Associate professor, entomology
Expert on arthropod food web ecology at the landscape scale
Michael Knetter
President/CEO, UW Foundation
Expert on macroeconomics, international finance, fiscal and monetary policy, higher education funding and philanthropy
Brent McCown
Professor, horticulture; associated faculty, Nelson Institute and Center for Integrated Agricultural Systems
Propagation, breeding, growth and production of woody perennial horticultural crops including fruits and ornamentals (shrubs and trees)
Warren Porter
Professor, zoology
Expert on climate change effects on animals, subtle biological effects of pesticides and early detection of infection
John Magnuson
Professor emeritus, zoology and limnology
Aquatic ecologist and limnologist, trained in fish and fisheries ecology, taught ecology of fishes and limnology
Steve Ackerman
Professor, atmospheric and oceanic sciences; director, Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies
Expert on satellite meteorology and climatology, weather, atmospheric optics
Ken Albrecht
Professor, agronomy, agroecology, environmental studies
Expert on forage/pasture management and cropping systems
Calvin DeWitt
Professor, Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies
Expert on land stewardship, purchased development rights, local government environmental policy, wetland ecology, environmental stewardship, faith-based stewardship
Carrie Laboski
Associate professor, soil science and civil and environmental engineering
Expert on economically and environmentally sustainable soil fertility/nutrient management programs for field and forage crops
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Core Programs and Initiatives
Donations to the First Responders Foundation support our key programs and provide additional funds for other initiatives for the police and fire departments. We work directly with police and fire departments to fulfill wish lists and prioritize resources so donations go where they are needed most.
As a nonprofit, the programs and resources we provide are privately funded and not connected to any city budget.
Why We Support First Responders
Our efforts have included:
Guns N Hoses Boxing Challenge where local police officers and firefighters duke it out in the ring for a good cause: supporting the First Responders Foundation! This has been our largest fundraiser to date.
Mental & Emotional Well Being Program to assist First Responders and their families in handling job-related stress and trauma. Learn More »
Youth Athletic Program to give low-income, at-risk children the opportunity to be a part of a team, be influenced in a positive way, and focus on what all kids should be focusing on – being kids and having fun. Learn More »
Home Safety Program to prevent in-home tragedies and keep children, families, and the elderly safe in their homes. Learn More »
K-9 Unit Campaign to recognize some of the hardest working members of a police force: the canines! Learn More »
Alley the Arson Dog Campaign to support Alley, the area’s only Arson Dog who is a top-notch detective, sniffs out accelerants, helps deter intentional arson fires and educates the public. Learn More »
Mounted Patrol Campaign to support Omaha’s 8 police horses that share all the same duties that a cruiser officer has, including patrol, traffic stops, citizen contacts, traffic control, crowd control, search and rescue, parking enforcement, parades and formal events. Learn More »
Action Day to educate the public about all the great things that our police and fire departments do and provide a fun opportunity to see, touch, and experience what it’s like to be a first responder!
#SupportBlue Campaign to recognize and show support for our brothers and sisters in law enforcement who put their lives on the line for us each and every day to make the community a better, safer place to live.
9/11 Luncheon Of Honor to offer our donors the opportunity to come together to learn about the great ways we’re upholding our mission over lunch with a keynote speaker and a ceremony honoring those who have made a difference for the foundation and the community
First Responder Appreciation Lunches that we hand-deliver to all the police and fire stations around town, often in brown sack lunches decorated by grateful children, as a small, fun way to say “thank you.”!
Guns N Hoses I-80 Speedway where Law Enforcement & Fire Fighters race to see who will be Champion.
JAVELAN the Service Dog program that matches qualified first responders and veterans with service dogs which are most often rescue dogs.
We are able to accomplish these efforts through fundraising events, partnering with leading citizens and organizations to raise funds, and raising funds at the grassroots level.
The Numbers Behind What We Donate and Support
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FOA Reference Guide To Premises Cabling
Study Guide To FOA CPCT Certification
The purpose of this section of the FOA Guide website is to provide a technical reference to those involved with premises cabling networks, either in design, installation, use, maintenance or troubleshooting, and those teaching the personnel who will work with it. Premises cabling covers copper and fiber cabling as well as wireless networks used for telephones, LANs (local area networks), security systems, building management systems, DAS (cellular distributed antenna systems) and any other applications using cabling or wireless inside buildings or on campuses.
This website along with its companion book is also the reference guide for FOA Premises Cabling Certification, CPCT. With a subject so broad, it’s impossible to cover every aspect of the topic in depth. What will be covered is the basics of premises cabling for communications systems that utilize copper and/or fiber optic cable and wireless as a transmission medium.
The Fiber Optic Association, Inc., the nonprofit professional society of fiber optics, has become one of the principal sources of technical information, training curriculum and certifications for the cabling industry. As technology has driven the rate of technical change ever faster, it has become a challenge to provide printed reference books that are not hopelessly out of date. Instead, many readers turn to the Internet for more up-to-date technical information.
The information on the Internet, however, is often biased toward commercial interests or application points of view, even that on supposedly non-commercial websites, and anonymous sources must be assumed to be untrustworthy or have a commercial agenda. The FOA is focused on education of technicians, not selling products, and we think it’s important that every tech knows as much as possible about fiber optic technology without bias so they can deal successfully with design and installation in all types of applications.
The FOA created its Online Reference Guide to provide a more up-to-date and unbiased reference for those seeking information on cabling and fiber optic technology, components, applications and installation. It’s success confirms the assumption that many users prefer the Internet for technical information.
With the companion printed book (see below), we address the needs for those who prefer printed books or who must have them to meet academic requirements. For those who want this printed version but also want access to the web for color graphics, self-study programs with automatic self-testing or links to even more technical information, we have this FOA Online Guide website to find additional information on the sections covered in the book.
FOA offers "Fiber U" as a free online training site for learning about cabling. It includes online self-study courses to help everyone learn about cabling and fiber optics.
If you have feedback on the website or book, feel free to email comments or questions to the FOA at <info @ foa.org>.
Premises Cabling Website Contents
Each page will open in a new window.
Overview of Premises Cabling and Standards
UTP Cables, Power Over Ethernet.
UTP Terminations, (Tutorial) UTP Termination.
UTP Installation VHO 66 Block, 110 Block, Jacks, Plugs
UTP Testing, UTP Wiremapping
Coax Cable VHO Coax Termination
Fiber Optics in Premises Cabling
Design, New T-568-C Nomenclature
Premises Cabling Installation
See the "Fiber Optic Technology and Standards" Section below for information on networks, etc.
FOA Lectures on Premises Cabling and videos about cable preparation, termination, splicing and testing on
Check your comprehension: take the section quizzes! Links are at the bottom of each page.
FOA Reference Books
This website is accompanied by a textbook, The FOA Reference Guide to Premises Cabling. We have created FOA textbooks to be used in training for FOA certifications and as reference books for contractors, installers and end users of fiber optics. All are available printed, in eBook formats for the Amazon Kindle or Apple iPad/iPhone. A self-study program is also available as an iPad/iPhone app. Click on each book for details.
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The Fiber Optic Association, Inc. the non-profit professional society of fiber optics
Reference Guide To Fiber Optics
Topic: Fiber Optic Connector Terminology Table of Contents: The FOA Reference Guide To Fiber Optics
Connector Types and Terminology – What's In A Name?
Rarely do FOA instructors present a fiber optic seminar without getting some questions on what some connector terminology means or how such a term or connector name originated. Since some of us have been in the business for over 25 years ourselves, we do remember some of the origins of these terms and find it amusing to share the stories. But we’ll also cover some important information about fiber optic connector design and termination along the way.
The AT&T Biconic
Many of you probably remember the Biconic and SMA connectors which were the most popular connectors 25+ years ago. (Here is the FOA Tech Topic that identifies most popular connectors from the history of fiber optics.) AT&T named their first commercial fiber optic connector the “Biconic” since the connector had a conical molded-plastic ferrule that fitted into a “bi-conical” mating adapter when connected to another connector. The original Biconic was actually molded around the fibers to get exact centering, a practice that stopped when they developed a way to insert a 125 micron ( 5 mil) pin in the plastic molding cavity to produce a connector ferrule with a hole into which fibers could be epoxied.
The SMA connector was the first connector widely used for data links using multimode fiber. It was developed by Amphenol using the hardware from the “SubMiniature A” microwave connector, hence it’s name, with a precise 1/8 inch machined metal ferrule.
The next major development in fiber optic connectors came from Japan, with the development of the ceramic ferrule. Metal ferrules had a problem with glass fiber. The uneven expansion coefficients sometimes caused the adhesive to fail, allowing the fiber to extend or retract, a process called “pistoning.” The ceramic ferrule had a very low expansion, like glass, so the adhesive held better, the connector could be polished to a finer finish and performed better over extremes in temperature.
NTT FC AT&T ST NTT SC
The “FC” or “fiber connector” from NTT (Nippon Telephone and Telegraph) was the first connector to use the 2.5 mm ceramic ferrule. Shortly thereafter, AT&T introduced the “ST” or “straight terminus” (contrasting to the “biconical” – get it?) that used exactly the same ceramic ferrule as the FC but replaced the screw-on nut of the FC with a bayonet lock like a BMC coax connector, simplifying and speeding up connector insertion. NTT responded a couple of years later with the “SC” or “subscriber connector” and the ST and SC dominated fiber optics for over a decade. The 2.5 mm ferrule was also used in the FDDI and ESCON connectors, both named for the systems for which they were designed.
FDDI IBM ESCON
The next confusing nomenclature for fiber optic connectors came from the polishing of the end of the ferrule, giving us “PC,” “Ultra PC” or “Super PC” and “APC” connectors. As the long-haul industry moved from multimode (MM) to singlemode (SM) fiber around 20 years ago, the reflections at SM connections caused big problems with most laser sources. The reflections actually interacted with the lasers, causing instability and noise in the laser itself.
Early connectors like the biconic and SMA, which did not have keyed ferrules and could rotate in mating adapters, always had an air gap between the connectors to prevent them rotating and grinding scratches into the ends of the fibers. The air gap between the fibers causes a reflection when the light encounters the change in refractive index from the glass fiber to air in the gap.
Beginning with the ST and FC, which had keyed ferrules, connectors were designed to contact mating ferrules tightly, creating what we now call “PC” or “physical contact” connectors. Reducing the air gap reduced both loss and back reflection, since light has a loss of about 5% (~0.25 dB) at each air gap. While air gap connectors usually had losses of 0.5 dB or more and return loss of 20 dB (1%), PC connectors had typical losses of 0.3 dB and a return loss of 30 to 50 dB (0.1 to 0.001%.)
Connectors use a number of polishing techniques to create a convex end to the connector ferrule to insure physical contact of the fiber ends. Hand polishing is done on a rubber pad and machine polishing uses concave polishing fixtures. “Super PC” or “Ultra PC” are simply marketing names various manufacturers give to their polishing processes.
The final solution for singlemode systems extremely sensitive to reflections, like CATV or high bitrate telco links, was to angle the end of the ferrule 8 degrees to create what we call an “APC” or “angled PC” connector. Then any reflected light is at an angle that is absorbed in the cladding of the fiber.
It seems like more recent connectors, like the “SFF” or “small form factor” connectors were named by the marketing department instead of engineering, which is why we have names like “Volition” and “OptiJack.” But the exception is the "LC" or lightwave connector, “MT” (“mass termination” or "multiple termination") for 12 or 24 fibers (also called MTP "multiple termination push-on" or MPO - "multi-fiber push-on") and its duplex cousin, the “MT-RJ” where “RJ” refers to the “RJ-45” style of copper connector.
AT&T LC
MTP MT-RJ
Fiber Optic Connector Identifier - What Connector is THAT?
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POLL: Should the slaughter of grouse on the “Glorious Twelfth” be banned?
August 12, 2018 August 11, 2018 Supertrooper Causes, Petitions, Polls, Wildlife
With a the start of the grouse-shooting season on the “Glorious Twelfth”, animal rights groups have a new target in their sights – the Ministry of Defence.
The government department is one of many public bodies that are coming under pressure to ban the shooting of birds for sport on their land.
The League Against Cruel Sports (LACS) has commissioned a poll which it says shows overwhelming public support for a ban. But the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust (GWCT), which promotes “game and wildlife management as an essential part of nature conservation”, says the countryside would suffer and jobs would be lost as a result.
A ban on the shooting of birds, such as grouse, pheasant, partridge and waterfowl on publicly-owned land would have limited impact as most shoots take place on private estates. But it would still dismay the shooting fraternity, which fears it could presage further restrictions on their sport.
An estimated 100,000 birds a day are shot for sport during the season. Photograph: Christopher Thomond for the Guardian
According to the LACS, there are 198 shooting licences on UK land classed as publicly owned. These include 18 tracts of land owned by local authorities, three in national parks and 174 sites overseen by quangos such as the Environment Agency.
Most are for shooting of pheasant or waterfowl. But documents released under the Freedom of Information Act reveal that the MoD has issued licences for grouse shoots at the army’s Catterick garrison and RAF Fylingdales in North Yorkshire and the Warcop training area in Cumbria.
Grouse shooting is particularly contentious, as the birds are wild and raised on moorland by gamekeepers who trap and snare to keep predator numbers down, and burn vegetation to create the birds’ ideal environment.
“There is no good way to manage moorland for grouse shooting, it can only be done through purging native wildlife by trap, snare and gun, and burning away precious habitat, all at the expense of our country’s rich natural heritage,” said Chris Luffingham, the LACS’s director of campaigns. “It is ironic that, while the MoD is training courageous personnel to conserve wildlife in Africa, it is leasing public moorland for grouse shooting here in the UK. British wildlife and habitat must be taken out of the firing lineby the MoD.”
An MoD spokesman said: “Grouse shooting does not damage the environment on MoD land. Licences are only granted after careful assessments of the health of the grouse population and the surrounding environment. Any licences issued are only for a small number of days a year.”
The GWCT claims shoots can improve the natural environment. In a submission outlining its reasons for opposing a public land ban it claims: “The key to seeing the conservation benefits from shoot management is in responsibility and sustainability. Where shoots are well managed and responsibly run according to best practice, environmental damage is avoided and there are wider conservation gains.”
An estimated 100,000 birds a day are shot for sport over the season, of which the majority are pheasants raised in captivity. According to a report commissioned by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs: “The UK rears approximately 20-30 million pheasants and three to six million red-legged partridges per annum for shooting purposes. Around half of these birds are imported as eggs or chicks from Europe.”
Natural Resources Wales is looking to implement a shooting ban on public land, as ordered by the Welsh assembly environment minister Hannah Blythyn.
“It is a great shame that the minister chose to disregard the evidence which shows that shooting delivers on the Environment (Wales) Act and the Well-Being of Future Generations Act without any real evidence that the wider public have strong views on the matter” said Sue Evans, director of the GWCT Wales.
However, a poll conducted by YouGov on behalf of Animal Aid and the LACS, suggests that 69% of people think shooting birds for sport should be illegal.
This article was first published by The Guardian on 05 Aug 2018.
We invite you to share your opinion whether the slaughter of grouse on the “Glorious Twelfth” should be banned? Please vote and leave your comments at the bottom of this page.
Should the slaughter of grouse on the "Glorious Twelfth" be banned?
Editorial Comment: The purpose of this poll is to highlight important wildlife conservation issues and to encourage discussion on ways to stop wildlife crime. By leaving a comment and sharing this post you can help to raise awareness. Thank you for your support.
Grouse League Against Cruel Sports Partridge Pheasant Red-legged Partridge shooting slaughter wildlife crime
POLL: Should Europe’s Wolves be Rewilded?
POLL: Should the UK finally abandon its controversial badger cull?
POLL: Should there be a tough crack down on the killing of raptors?
Anna Volmer
ALL SLAUGHTER NEEDS TO BE BANNED. COW SLAUGHTER, CHICKEN SLAUGHTER, PIG SLAUGHTER, DOG SLAUGHTER, it doesn’t matter who is being slaughtered, it is never okay and needs to be banned.
Rose La Cour
Banned!
Agnes Kedmenecz
Stephanie Landry
I think there’s a very easily attainable middle ground. It’s necessary for management, thanks to human encroachment; and it serves as a natural way for people to harvest food – hunting – an activity that has been around since, well, the start of life. All things have to eat. However, it can be managed with lower limits for better sustainability. There wouldn’t need to be farm raised pheasants released for harvest if there was a strong population being managed properly. But hey, that’s the struggle for all developing countries – finding a balance between humans and wildlife.
Lois Carol Wessels
Shared on my timeline – please vote!!
Tonia Vassila
Absolutely banned
Ross McMahon
Ban the RSPB culling fox, deer, geese smashing gulls eggs first in my view as the lie to the Disney generation to fund the stalkers they pay £18000 per 6 months to do there wet work. But hey then think on idiots if the countries largest conservation organisation hunts shoots to maintain a balance and supported in there actions by there vice chairman Chis Packam either there lying to you as to what the country side needs or all the keepers are right? Well both the same thing really
Ross McMahon If they REALLY cared about wildlife they would welcome Grouse moors with open arms ! I bet not one voter has been near a managed moor ! https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/05/30/scientists-laud-biodiversity-renowned-grouse-moor-recording/
Vote Up-1Vote Down Reply
John Edwards difficult to be on a grouse moor when you spend all your time in a man made urban environment lol
Eastern Tailed Blue Butterfly
Steppe Eagles – Abha
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You are currently browsing the tag archive for the ‘Raggedy Ann’ tag.
Raggedy Ann Learns a Lesson – A FREE STORY
October 17, 2018 in bedtime story, Belonging, children’s stories, fables, Fairy Tales, Fiction, Folk Tales and Folklore, Folklore | Tags: bygone era, Chickens, children’s bedtime stories, children’s stories, classic stories, cock, country, ethereal, fairies, fairy kingdom, fairy land, fairy tales, fairydom, Fido, folklore, gift, grand mother, grandma, happiness, happy place, house, Kite, Kittens, laughter, Learn A Lesson, legends, Marcella, mice, mouse, myths, New Sisters, Paint, Painter, Raggedy Ann, rescue, river, rooster, Strange Dolls, Trip, Washing | Leave a comment
One day the dolls were left all to themselves.
Their little mistress had placed them all around the room and told them to be nice children while she was away.
And there they sat and never even so much as wiggled a finger, until their mistress had left the room.
Then the soldier dolly turned his head and solemnly winked at Raggedy Ann.
And when the front gate clicked and the dollies knew they were alone in the house, they all scrambled to their feet.
“Now let’s have a good time!” cried the tin soldier. “Let’s all go in search of something to eat!”
“Yes! Let’s all go in search of something to eat!” cried all the other dollies.
“When Mistress had me out playing with her this morning,” said Raggedy Ann, “she carried me by a door near the back of the house and I smelled something which smelled as if it would taste delicious!”
“Then you lead the way, Raggedy Ann!” cried the French dolly.
“I think it would be a good plan to elect Raggedy Ann as our leader on this expedition!” said the Indian doll.
At this all the other dolls clapped their hands together and shouted, “Hurrah! Raggedy Ann will be our leader.”
So Raggedy Ann, very proud indeed to have the confidence and love of all the other dollies, said that she would be very glad to be their leader.
“Follow me!” she cried as her wobbly legs carried her across the floor at a lively pace.
The other dollies followed, racing about the house until they came to the pantry door. “This is the place!” cried Raggedy Ann, and sure enough, all the dollies smelled something which they knew must be very good to eat.
But none of the dollies was tall enough to open the door and, although they pushed and pulled with all their might, the door remained tightly closed.
The dollies were talking and pulling and pushing and every once in a while one would fall over and the others would step on her in their efforts to open the door. Finally Raggedy Ann drew away from the others and sat down on the floor.
When the other dollies discovered Raggedy Ann sitting there, running her rag hands through her yarn hair, they knew she was thinking.
“Sh! Sh!” they said to each other and quietly went over near Raggedy Ann and sat down in front of her.
“There must be a way to get inside,” said Raggedy Ann.
“Raggedy says there must be a way to get inside!” cried all the dolls.
“I can’t seem to think clearly to-day,” said Raggedy Ann. “It feels as if my head were ripped.”
At this the French doll ran to Raggedy Ann and took off her bonnet. “Yes, there is a rip in your head, Raggedy!” she said and pulled a pin from her skirt and pinned up Raggedy’s head. “It’s not a very neat job, for I got some puckers in it!” she said.
“Oh that is ever so much better!” cried Raggedy Ann. “Now I can think quite clearly.”
“Now Raggedy can think quite clearly!” cried all the dolls.
“My thoughts must have leaked out the rip before!” said Raggedy Ann.
“They must have leaked out before, dear Raggedy!” cried all the other dolls.
“Now that I can think so clearly,” said Raggedy Ann, “I think the door must be locked and to get in we must unlock it!”
“That will be easy!” said the Dutch doll who says “Mamma” when he is tipped backward and forward, “For we will have the brave tin soldier shoot the key out of the lock!”
“I can easily do that!” cried the tin soldier, as he raised his gun.
“Oh, Raggedy Ann!” cried the French dolly. “Please do not let him shoot!”
“No!” said Raggedy Ann. “We must think of a quieter way!”
After thinking quite hard for a moment, Raggedy Ann jumped up and said: “I have it!” And she caught up the Jumping Jack and held him up to the door; then Jack slid up his stick and unlocked the door.
Then the dollies all pushed and the door swung open.
My! Such a scramble! The dolls piled over one another in their desire to be the first at the goodies.
They swarmed upon the pantry shelves and in their eagerness spilled a pitcher of cream which ran all over the French dolly’s dress.
The Indian doll found some corn bread and dipping it in the molasses he sat down for a good feast.
A jar of raspberry jam was overturned and the dollies ate of this until their faces were all purple.
The tin soldier fell from the shelf three times and bent one of his tin legs, but he scrambled right back up again.
Never had the dolls had so much fun and excitement, and they had all eaten their fill when they heard the click of the front gate.
They did not take time to climb from the shelves, but all rolled or jumped off to the floor and scrambled back to their room as fast as they could run, leaving a trail of bread crumbs and jam along the way.
Just as their mistress came into the room the dolls dropped in whatever positions they happened to be in.
“This is funny!” cried Mistress. “They were all left sitting in their places around the room! I wonder if Fido has been shaking them up!” Then she saw Raggedy Ann’s face and picked her up. “Why Raggedy Ann, you are all sticky! I do believe you are covered with jam!” and Mistress tasted Raggedy Ann’s hand. “Yes! It’s JAM! Shame on you, Raggedy Ann! You’ve been in the pantry and all the others, too!” and with this the dolls’ mistress dropped Raggedy Ann on the floor and left the room.
When she came back she had on an apron and her sleeves were rolled up.
She picked up all the sticky dolls and putting them in a basket she carried them out under the apple tree in the garden.
There she had placed her little tub and wringer and she took the dolls one at a time, and scrubbed them with a scrubbing brush and soused them up and down and this way and that in the soap suds until they were clean.
Then she hung them all out on the clothes-line in the sunshine to dry.
There the dolls hung all day, swinging and twisting about as the breeze swayed the clothes-line.
“I do believe she scrubbed my face so hard she wore off my smile!” said Raggedy Ann, after an hour of silence.
“No, it is still there!” said the tin solder, as the wind twisted him around so he could see Raggedy. “But I do believe my arms will never work without squeaking, they feel so rusted,” he added.
Just then the wind twisted the little Dutch doll and loosened his clothes-pin, so that he fell to the grass below with a sawdusty bump and as he rolled over he said, “Mamma!” in a squeaky voice.
Late in the afternoon the back door opened and the little mistress came out with a table and chairs. After setting the table she took all the dolls from the line and placed them about the table.
They had lemonade with grape jelly in it, which made it a beautiful lavender color, and little “Baby-teeny-weeny-cookies” with powdered sugar on them.
After this lovely dinner, the dollies were taken in the house, where they had their hair brushed and nice clean nighties put on.
Then they were placed in their beds and Mistress kissed each one good night and tiptoed from the room.
All the dolls lay as still as mice for a few minutes, then Raggedy Ann raised up on her cotton-stuffed elbows and said: “I have been thinking!”
“Sh!” said all the other dollies, “Raggedy has been thinking!”
“Yes,” said Raggedy Ann, “I have been thinking; our mistress gave us the nice dinner out under the trees to teach us a lesson. She wished us to know that we could have had all the goodies we wished, whenever we wished, if we had behaved ourselves. And our lesson was that we must never take without asking what we could always have for the asking! So let us all remember and try never again to do anything which might cause those who love us any unhappiness!”
“Let us all remember,” chimed all the other dollies.
And Raggedy Ann, with a merry twinkle in her shoe-button eyes, lay back in her little bed, her cotton head filled with thoughts of love and happiness.
From RAGGEDY ANN STORIES – 12 Illustrated Adventures of Raggedy Ann
Written and Illustrated by Johnny Gruelle
DOWNLOAD LINK: https://folklore-fairy-tales-myths-legends-and-other-stories.stores.streetlib.com/en/written-and-illustrated-by-johnny-gruelle/raggedy-ann-stories-12-illustrated-adventures-of-raggedy-ann/
KEYWORDS/TAGS: fairy tales, folklore, myths, legends, children’s stories, childrens stories, bygone era, fairydom, fairy kingdom, ethereal, fairy land, classic stories, children’s bedtime stories, happy place, happiness, laughter, Raggedy Ann, Learn A Lesson, Washing, Kite, Rescue, Fido, Paint, Painter, Trip, River, Strange Dolls, Kittens, Fairies, Gift, Chickens, rooster, cock, Mouse, mice, New Sisters, Marcella, country, house, grandma, grand mother
RAGGEDY ANN STORIES – 12 Illustrated Adventures of Raggedy Ann
This book is for all little boys and girls who love dolls and the stories of Raggedy Andy and Raggedy Ann.
Herein you will find 12 stories of Raggedy Ann, written and illustrated by Johnny Gruelle. A companion to the Raggedy Andy Stories, it starts with Marcella visiting her Grandma, who had a quaint old house in the country.
When she was there she liked to play up in the attic, for there were so many old forgotten things to find up there. One day, when she had grown tired of playing with the old spinning wheel, she curled up on an old horse-hair sofa to rest.
Across the room in a dark corner she spotted an old barrel tucked under the eaves. Wondering what was in it, she set off to explore. Pulling rags and sewing off-cuts from the barrel, like a picture of a very pretty little girl with long curls tied tightly back from her forehead and wearing a long dress and queer pantaloons. And then out of the heap she pulled an old rag doll with only one shoe-button eye and a painted nose and a smiling mouth. Her dress was of soft material, blue with pretty little flowers and dots all over it. And so begins the adventures of Raggedy Ann……
These 12 Raggedy Ann stories are further brought to life with the 67 exquisite illustrations in colour also by Johnny Gruelle. The adventures are:
Raggedy Ann Learns A Lesson
Raggedy Ann And The Washing
Raggedy Ann And The Kite
Raggedy Ann Rescues Fido
Raggedy Ann And The Painter
Raggedy Ann’s Trip On The River
Raggedy Ann And The Strange Dolls
Raggedy Ann And The Kittens
Raggedy Ann And The Fairies’ Gift
Raggedy Ann And The Chickens
Raggedy Ann And The Mouse
Raggedy Ann’s New Sisters
This volume is sure to keep you and your young ones enchanted for hours, if not because of the quantity of the content, then their quality. They will have you coming back for more time and again.
How Raggedy Andy Came
October 13, 2018 in bedtime story, Belonging, children’s stories, fables, Fairy Tales, Fiction, Folk Tales and Folklore, Folklore | Tags: bygone era, children’s bedtime stories, children’s stories, classic stories, Doctor Raggedy Andy, dolls, ethereal, fairy kingdom, fairy land, fairy tales, fairydom, Father Christmas, folklore, happiness, happy place, laughter, legends, Making Angels, myths, New, Nursery Dance, Rabbit Chase, Raggedy Andy, Raggedy Ann, Singing Shell, Smile, snow, Spinning Wheel, Taffy Pull, Tin Gutter, toffee, toys, Wooden Horse | Leave a comment
FREE STORY
One day Daddy took Raggedy Ann down to his office and propped her up against some books upon his desk; he wanted to have her where he could see her cheery smile all day, for, as you must surely know, smiles and happiness are truly catching.
Daddy wished to catch a whole lot of Raggedy Ann’s cheeriness and happiness and put all this down on paper, so that those who did not have Raggedy Ann dolls might see just how happy and smiling a rag doll can be.
So Raggedy Ann stayed at Daddy’s studio for three or four days.
She was missed very, very much at home and Marcella really longed for her, but knew that Daddy was borrowing some of Raggedy Ann’s sunshine, so she did not complain.
Raggedy Ann did not complain either, for in addition to the sunny, happy smile she always wore (it was painted on), Raggedy Ann had a candy heart, and of course no one (not even a rag doll) ever complains if they have such happiness about them.
One evening, just as Daddy was finishing his day’s work, a messenger boy came with a package; a nice, soft lumpy package.
Daddy opened the nice, soft lumpy package and found a letter.
Gran’ma had told Daddy, long before this, that at the time Raggedy Ann was made, a neighbor lady had made a boy doll, Raggedy Andy, for her little girl, who always played with Gran’ma.
And when Gran’ma told Daddy this she wondered whatever had become of her little playmate and the boy doll, Raggedy Andy.
After reading the letter, Daddy opened the other package which had been inside the nice, soft, lumpy package and found—Raggedy Andy.
Raggedy Andy had been carefully folded up.
His soft, loppy arms were folded up in front of him and his soft, loppy legs were folded over his soft, loppy arms, and they were held this way by a rubber band.
Raggedy Andy must have wondered why he was being “done up” this way, but it could not have caused him any worry, for in between where his feet came over his face Daddy saw his cheery smile.
After slipping off the rubber band, Daddy smoothed out the wrinkles in Raggedy Andy’s arms and legs.
Then Daddy propped Raggedy Ann and Raggedy Andy up against books on his desk, so that they sat facing each other; Raggedy Ann’s shoe button eyes looking straight into the shoe button eyes of Raggedy Andy.
They could not speak—not right out before a real person—so they just sat there and smiled at each other.
Daddy could not help reaching out his hands and feeling their throats.
Yes! There was a lump in Raggedy Ann’s throat, and there was a lump in Raggedy Andy’s throat. A cotton lump, to be sure, but a lump nevertheless.
“So, Raggedy Ann and Raggedy Andy, that is why you cannot talk, is it?” said Daddy.
“I will go away and let you have your visit to yourselves, although it is good to sit and share your happiness by watching you.”
Daddy then took the rubber band and placed it around Raggedy Ann’s right hand, and around Raggedy Andy’s right hand, so that when he had it fixed properly they sat and held each other’s hands.
Daddy knew they would wish to tell each other all the wonderful things that had happened to them since they had parted more than fifty years before.
So, locking his studio door, Daddy left the two old rag dolls looking into each other’s eyes.
The next morning, when Daddy unlocked his door and looked at his desk, he saw that Raggedy Andy had fallen over so that he lay with his head in the bend of Raggedy Ann’s arm.
From: RAGGEDY ANDY STORIES
DOWNLOAD LINK: https://folklore-fairy-tales-myths-legends-and-other-stories.stores.streetlib.com/en/johnny-gruelle/raggedy-andy-stories-11-illustrated-stories-of-raggedy-andys-adventures/
KEYWORDS/TAGS: fairy tales, folklore, myths, legends, children’s stories, childrens stories, bygone era, fairydom, fairy kingdom, ethereal, fairy land, classic stories, children’s bedtime stories, happy place, happiness, laughter, Raggedy Andy, Raggedy Ann, dolls, toys, Father Christmas, Nursery Dance, Spinning Wheel, Taffy Pull, toffee, Rabbit Chase, New, Tin Gutter, Doctor Raggedy Andy, Smile, Wooden Horse, Making Angels, Snow, Singing Shell
RAGGEDY ANDY STORIES – 11 illustrated stories of Raggedy Andy’s adventures
October 13, 2018 in bedtime story, children’s stories, fables, Fairy Tales, Fiction, Folk Tales and Folklore, Folklore | Tags: bygone era, children’s bedtime stories, children’s stories, classic stories, Doctor Raggedy Andy, dolls, ethereal, fairy kingdom, fairy land, fairy tales, fairydom, Father Christmas, folklore, happiness, happy place, laughter, legends, Making Angels, myths, New, Nursery Dance, Rabbit Chase, Raggedy Andy, Raggedy Ann, Singing Shell, Smile, snow, Spinning Wheel, Taffy Pull, Tin Gutter, toffee, toys, Wooden Horse | Leave a comment
Herein you will find 11 stories of Raggedy Andy, written and illustrated by Johnny Gruelle. It starts with how Raggedy Andy came to the nursery, which leads into a taffy (toffee) pull, which was sticky to say the least, and even has a rabbit chase. Then there is the story of how Raggedy Andy lost his smile and how he got it back again and more stories besides.
The 11 stories are further brought to life with the 95 exquisite illustrations also by Johnny Gruelle.
The stories in this volume are:
The Nursery Dance
The Spinning Wheel
The Taffy Pull
The Rabbit Chase
The New Tin Gutter
Doctor Raggedy Andy
Raggedy Andy’s Smile
The Wooden Horse
Making “Angels” In The Snow
The Singing Shell
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James Madison Papers
Documents filtered by: Author="Madison, James" AND Recipient="Madison, James, Sr."
sorted by: relevance
From James Madison to James Madison, Sr., 31 July 1790
To James Madison, Sr.
N. Y. July 31. 1790
Hond Sir
I have recd. your’s of the 9th. inclosing a letter for Mr. Chew which I shall forward as you desire.
As far as I have had an opportunity of enquiring I do not find that Coffee can be got here on terms that will make it worth while to prefer it to what can be got in Virginia. The price of brown Sugar I have not yet learnt but will attend to your request on that subject.
The funding bill has at length passed the two Houses with a qualified assumption of the State debts. ⅔ of the federal debts are to bear an immediate interest of 6 PerCt. and the remaining ⅓ a like interest to commence in 1800, but in the mean time to be receivable for land. The indents & arrears of interest are funded at 3 PerCt.—of the State debts ⅔ are funded at 6 PerCt. & ⅓ at 3 perCt. The assumption was carried by a small majority in both Houses. Many who voted for it did so on a supposition that it was a lesser evil than to risk the effect of a rejection on the States which insisted on the measure. I could not bring myself to concur with them, but am sensible that there was serious danger of a very unfavorable issue to the Session from a contrary decision, and consider it as now incumbent on us all to make the best of what is done. The truth is that in a pecuniary light, the assumption is no longer of much consequence to Virginia, the sum allotted to her being about her proportion of the whole, & rather exceeding her present debt. She will consequently pay no more to the general Treasury than she now pays to the State Treasy. and perhaps in a mode which will be less disagreeable to the people, tho’ not more favorable to their true interests.
The ways & means are now under consideration. The impost will be made equal to the federal debt. The provision for the State debts will be put off till the next Session. It will be likely to consist cheifly of duties on rum distilled in the U. S. and on a few imported articles that will best bear a further augmentation.
We expect that an adjornment will take place in about a week. I shall set out for Virginia as soon thereafter as I can pack up my books papers &c. which will detain me here some days. Mr. Jefferson wishes me to wait for his setting out and as his company will be particularly grateful & also convenient I am not sure that I shall resist the invitation, if he finds that he can be ready for the Journey within a reasonable time. I shd. not hesitate, if I did not wish to be in Orange by the Election, tho’ as an attendance can not be given at more than one of the 8 Counties, it does not seem worth while to sacrifice much to that consideration.1
RC (DLC). Signature clipped.
1. The election was designated by law to be the first Monday in September—6 Sept. in 1790 (Hening, Statutes description begins William Waller Hening, ed., The Statutes at Large; Being a Collection of All the Laws of Virginia, from the First Session of the Legislature, in the Year 1619 (13 vols.; Richmond and Philadelphia, 1819–23). description ends , XIII, 35–36).
https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Madison/01-13-02-0207
Madison Papers
Madison, James, Sr.
“From James Madison to James Madison, Sr., 31 July 1790,” Founders Online, National Archives, accessed April 11, 2019, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Madison/01-13-02-0207. [Original source: The Papers of James Madison, vol. 13, 20 January 1790 – 31 March 1791, ed. Charles F. Hobson and Robert A. Rutland. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1981, pp. 284–285.]
From James Madison Sr. to James Madison [9 July 1790]
From James Madison to James Madison Sr. [14 August 1790]
All correspondence between James Madison Sr. and James Madison
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Adams Papers
Documents filtered by: Author="Adams, John" AND Recipient="Jay, John" AND Period="Confederation Period" AND Period="Confederation Period"
John Adams to John Jay, 13 February 1784
To John Jay
The Hague Feb. 13. 1784.1
I have recd a Letter from Mr Gerry, at Phila. 23 Nov. Thaxter arrived there the night before. I presume he has written by Mr Reed, and that his Letter is gone to You, as he probably addressed his Letter to Us all.2
Mr Morris has drawn afresh by this Vessell.3 Let me beg of you and the Dr, to advise him to Stop his Hand. If I can possibly, save those already drawn, which however I still despair of, it will be upon Terms so enormously avaricious, that it will raise a tremendous Clamour in America. It is ruinous to borrow money in Europe upon such Terms but it will be more ruinous, to let the Bills go back. my Situation is very disagreable. It is not for me to judge of the Propriety of the draughts. I am only in a ministerial Capacity, and ought to procure the Money if possible, upon any Terms within my Instructions, but to be obliged to go to the Utmost Extent of them, when I know that Such Numbers will blame me for it, because they wont believe the necessity of it, is unpleasant.
There is a Despotism in this Country in the Government of Loans as absolute as that of the grand Senior. five or Six People have all the Money under their Command, and they are as avaricious as any Jews in Jews Quarter. This Country revenges itself in this Way, upon the Powers of Europe for the Insults it receives from them in Wars & Negotiations. I think I could not justify going to Paris, while the Fate of these Bills is depending. You will be so good as to go on with the Dr, in Execution of the last Instructions. if there is any Point, upon which you wish for my Opinion, I will give it you, with Pleasure, at any time, by Letter.— Has Mr Laurens declined acting? How is the Drs Health? and how is Mrs Ridley? if a Commission Should come, to us all to treat with England, as it will be a thorny Work and likely to produce Discontents and Clamours, it is not my Intention to withdraw my Shoulders from any Part of the Burthen. You will pardon me for suggesting, that We ought to obtain if We can from every Power We treat with, an Article that American Produce imported into their Ports in American Bottoms, Shall pay no more duties than if imported in Vessells of the subjects of those Powers. Mr Gerry desires his Respects And Affection to you, in very strong and high terms. thinks the Removal of Congress has strengthened the Union, and that the British Proclamations, have had the Same Effect.—
My Respects to your good Family, and believe me / Yours most Sincerely
Will Denmark stipulate, that both her Islands in the W. Indies shall be free Ports to us?4
RC (NNC:John Jay Papers); internal address: “Mr Jay”; endorsed: “Mr Adams / 13 Feb. 1784.” LbC (Adams Papers); APM Reel 107.
1. This letter was likely sent under JQA’s brief covering note of 13 Feb. to his friend Peter Jay Munro at Paris (NNMus). The younger Adams wrote, “my father desires me, to send you the enclosed Letter, begging you would deliver it to Your Uncle; and at the same time present, my best Respects to him.” JA may have reasoned that a letter from JQA to Munro would receive less official scrutiny from French or Dutch authorities than one from himself to John Jay.
2. For Gerry’s letter, see vol. 15:369–376. JA apparently assumed that John Thaxter had written to the commissioners regarding his arrival in America, but no such letter has been found. Thaxter did not write to JA until 19 Jan. (vol. 15:462–465).
3. See the consortium’s letter of 11 Feb., above.
4. In a 13 Aug. 1783 letter to Robert R. Livingston, JA raised the question of free ports in the Danish islands in connection with a draft Danish-American treaty negotiated by Benjamin Franklin and Ernst Frederik von Walterstorff, chamberlain to the king of Denmark. There JA indicated that Walterstorff had told him that the islands of St. Thomas and St. John would be free ports, but that St. Croix, more important than the others, would not be (vol. 15:224–225). In any event, the treaty was never concluded.
https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/06-16-02-0021
Note: The annotations to this document, and any other modern editorial content, are copyright © The Massachusetts Historical Society. All rights reserved.
Jay, John
“John Adams to John Jay, 13 February 1784,” Founders Online, National Archives, accessed April 11, 2019, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/06-16-02-0021. [Original source: The Adams Papers, Papers of John Adams, vol. 16, February 1784–March 1785, ed. Gregg L. Lint, C. James Taylor, Robert Karachuk, Hobson Woodward, Margaret A. Hogan, Sara B. Sikes, Sara Martin, Sara Georgini, Amanda A. Mathews, and James T. Connolly. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2012, pp. 33–34.]
From Jay to Adams [6 February 1784]
From Adams to Jay [14 February 1784]
All correspondence between Jay and Adams
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The Pact of Fire – A Lakota Sioux Legend
Loki’s Gift
a blog to help dogs in Canada’s far north
« LOKI – His beautiful eyes and expression speak volumes as to the gentle soul that he is.
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FOREVER WILD AND FREE: Mr. Craig Downer’s Full Unedited Speech: revealing the TRUTH about the BLM Roundups and Plight of U.S. Wildhorses
September 24, 2011 by Zephr
Having received permission from Mr. Craig Downer himself, I am very pleased to be able to post Mr. Downer’s speech: The full contents of his speech have been copied and pasted below, as he delivered it. The facts and numbers as contained in Mr. Downer’s speech are irrefutable and North America and the International Community need to pay very real attention. Wild horses and burros across the United States will soon vanish, go the way of the Buffalo herds….why…due to the continued propaganda spewed out not only by cattle ranchers but also the U.S. politicians which support the cattle industry for the sake of filling coffers. The hypocrisy of the U.S. government in banning horse slaughter houses in their own country, yet continuing these brutal round ups and shipping these magnificent animals to both Canada and Mexico for slaughter is unacceptable, deplorable and shrouds all those responsible in a cloak of SHAME!!!!
Not only must pressure be placed on the U.S. Government but also on the Canadian and Mexican Governments to STOP importing these majestic wild horses into their countries for slaughter. Canada is already ranked extremely low on the totem pole for it’s archaic and backwards Federal Animal Protection Laws. All recent attempts to have Canadian Law reformed and strengthened to protect animals in this country have been poopooed and voted down in the Canadian House of Commons. Each new Bill brought forward has been squashed!!!! Right now Prime Minister Harper is wasting millions of tax-payer dollars in his effort to have the European Union lift the ban on Canadian Seal products. Canada continues to BLOODY her hands by slaughtering U.S. wild horses and exporting the products thereof.
https://giftofloki.wordpress.com/2011/08/03/canada-bloodies-her-hands-as-usual-end-this-now/
FOREVER WILD AND FREE
By Craig C. Downer, Wild Horse Ecologist
P.O. Box 456, Minden, NV 89423; ccdowner@yahoo.com
Speech for Wild Horse Summit, Las Vegas, NV, Oct. 12, 2008, organized by ISPMB
Though the horse family is endangered world wide, wild horses and burros on public land remain on the very bottom of the totem pole of priorities of both the Bureau of Land Management & U.S. Forest Service. These are the two agencies charged by law with protecting & managing them. These two “national heritage species,” have rights to live free that are covered by the unanimously passed Public Law 92-195 and that are supported by many millions of ordinary U.S. citizens as well as people worldwide. For these and other sundry reasons, the extent of livestock grazing and the number of permittees involved both in the original Herd Areas and in reduced Herd Management Areas should be clearly spelled out to the public – but this is not currently the case!
Livestock, big game, and other overlapping uses as these occur within the wild equid Herd Areas and Herd Management Areas should be clearly incorporated into the federal government’s National Integrated Land System (NILS) data retrieval program. This incorporates most of the other land designations such as wilderness, mining claims, livestock allotments, etc. The exclusion of wild horse and burro areas seems to be an intentional cover-up for the grossly unfair treatment that the wild horses and burros are receiving. Last spring a top BLM official plainly told me that virtually all of the wild horse and burro Herd Areas (HA’s) and Herd Management Areas (HMA’s) were leased to livestock grazers. From a close examination of the original 1971 wild horse and burro Herd Areas in relation to overlapping livestock grazing leases, I estimate that over 95% of these original legal areas are being grazed by livestock. Likewise for the administratively reduced Herd Management Areas still occupied by scant equid herds, I estimate that over 98% of these legal areas are being grazed by livestock. This is all the more objectionable given that 36% of the original Herd Areas have been reduced in setting up these Herd Management Areas (See Table 1 and accompanying Chart).
Original Herd Areas total 53,444,499 acres of which 42,099,454 acres are BLM and 11,345,045 acres are USFS. But reduced Herd Management Areas total 34,441,150 acres of which 29,082,217 acres are BLM and 5,358,933 are USFS. These figures reveal that BLM has reduced its equid-occupied areas by 7,658,302, or 18%, while the USFS has reduced its equid-occupied areas by 5,986,112 acres, a whopping 53%! And this situation is even more exacerbating when each Herd Area and Herd Management Area is more closely analyzed to reveal the large-scale displacement of the wild equids that has occurred even within these pared down legal areas. HA’s and HMA’s throughout the West, such as in the Spring Range of southern Nevada (Las Vegas BLM Field Office) and the High Rock area of NW Nevada, reveal that both livestock and big game are being given entire preference both within the original HA’s and, even more flagrantly, within the greatly reduced HMA’s. While forage and water are rarely an issue for the established livestock and big game interests, these same resources are almost always portrayed as being too little for the relatively tiny numbers of our nation’s remaining wild horses and burros – who are too often scapegoated for ecological destruction caused ultimately by man. My overall analysis reveals an effective displacement of the wild equids from at least three fourths of the public lands to which they are legally entitled as the “principal” presences for which to be managed. These HA’s were supposed to be determined by where these equids were found at the passage of Public Law 92-195 – and I take this to mean not just the tiny portion of ground they stood on at the exact hour and date of the Act’s passage, but rather the home ranges of all the bands of every herd throughout the BLM/USFS West that was then occupied on a year-round basis.
By taking the total number of livestock permittees on the public lands and proportioning this number relative to the percent of public lands that are original wild horse and burro herd areas or reduced herd management areas, I have obtained the following: there are approximately 4,522 livestock permittees grazing their livestock on the original 53,444,499 legal Herd Areas (BLM) or Territories (USFS) today. This represents 20.6%, or about 1/5th of the livestock permittees on BLM and USFS lands. However since the occupied HMA’s are much smaller than the original HA’s, there are approximately 2,914 permittees grazing their livestock on the reduced 34,441,150 acres in herd management areas/territories today. This represents only 13%, or about 1/8th of the grazing permittees.
Of the 4,522 livestock permittees having to originally share the land they graze – by privilege not right – with wild horses and burros, 1,612, or 36%, now no longer have to share. Our public servants have already eliminated the wild horses and burros from the grazing allotments of approximately 36% of the public lands in spite of the legal right of the horses and burros to live there. This lopsided situation is a betrayal of both the wild horses and burros, and the substantial public represented by millions of U.S. citizens who count upon their public servants to uphold just what this unanimously passed law of the land actually means and intends.
It would be fair to approach the relatively small number of permittees involved, with the proposal that they reduce or, if possible, even eliminate their livestock within the legal herd areas. This would enable the establishment of truly long-term viable and stable populations as is consistent with the original intent of the Act. In exchange, these permittees could be offered priority treatment for wild horse/burro public tour franchises that could be combined with vigilance of the herds and their habitat as is consistent with the purposes of the Act. Of necessity, this program would have to be closely monitored.
A proposal by the late Nancy Whittaker who worked for the Animal Protection Institute (as did I) was to have the federal government issue conservation, in lieu of grazing, permits in the legal wild horse/burro herd areas, as in other land categories such as wilderness. The wild horse-supporting public could bid on these with the aim of freeing the herd areas of competing livestock, especially where in excess, among other conflictive interests. — I’m sure millions of people would jump at this chance to help reinstate the wild horses and burros in their legal areas! This proposal should be pursued by administrative and, if necessary, Congressional means.
The miniscule percentage of the U.S. population ranching on Western public lands is slightly over one hundredth of one percent; and the percentage of all U.S. livestock feed, including crops, pastures, and range forage, supplied by BLM and USFS lands is only ca. 2%. But this 2% comes at a great economic and even more enormous ecological cost, a cost estimated as at least one half billion dollars annually. — Yet who can put a price tag on the ecological health of Mother Earth upon which the future of life depends?!
Forage consumption by livestock on BLM land amounted to nearly 7 million [6,835,458] Animal Unit Months [AUM’s] in fiscal year 2005. This contrasted with the mere 381,120 AUM’s worth of forage that was consumed by wild horses and burros. These equids consumed only 5.3% of the total consumed by both livestock and wild equids. This percentage is lower still when forage consumed by big game animals is considered. I estimate this would bring the figure down to between one and two percent of the forage available on the BLM lands of the lower 48 states, especially considering the priority treatment given to state fish and game agencies by the federal government.
This disparity is even greater on Forest Service lands where livestock devour 6.6 million AUM’s per year yet wild horses and burros annually eat a mere 32,592 AUM’s. This is the equivalent of only 2,716 wild horses or burros grazing year round. In other words, on Forest Service lands, wild equids consume less than ½ of one percent of what livestock consume. Combined with the Forest Service’s 53% reduction of original equid herd areas, this reveals to just what an outlandish extent the Forest Service is “death on wild horses and burros!” Its negative policy is currently reflected in the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Refuge, the last occupied wild horse herd area in Montana, a state where the feds have eliminated all wild horses from 83% of their several original herd areas. Here, true to form, Custer National Forest officials are refusing to acknowledge that the unique Pryor Mountain Spanish mustangs have a legitimate right to live in an area they occupied at the passage of the 1971 Act.
Livestock are often allowed to strip the very most nutritious forage, during a few months to a half year, often in the spring or early summer. This leaves what remains in the way of forage for wildlife, including wild horses, to fend on as best they can. Less mobile than wild horses and burros, livestock, especially cattle, concentrate their grazing pressures in and along species-rich stream, marsh, or lakeshore habitats known as riparian, which I have monitored for the BLM. Cattle and sheep have destroyed these riparian habitats on such a large scale that they have become directly responsible for the extinction or near extinction of literally thousands of plant and animal species in the U.S. and worldwide. Wild horses, on the other hand, tend not to linger at watering sites or along riparian areas except when forced to do so. They disperse their grazing pressure much more broadly in the arid to semi-arid West; and, as a consequence, greatly reduce dry parched vegetation. Their post-gastric digestive system is perfectly suited to taking advantage of this coarser forage, which does not consume as much metabolic energy in its breakdown when compared with ruminant grazers: cattle, sheep, deer, elk, etc. Their digestion also favors the dispersal of the seeds of many native plant species that are not as degraded in passing through their digestive tracts as compared with ruminants. This concerns species that have in many cases co-evolved for millions of years with horses and even burro-like asses, developing many mutually beneficial symbioses in the process.
Given the length of time they have evolved here, it would be blind not to recognize the great importance of equids in the North American ecosystem. I call this the equid element, or component, that fits in like a missing piece in some gigantic jig-saw puzzle. Yet government personnel persist in maintaining that wild horses do not warrant native wildlife designation. I suggest they visit one of our fine national monuments by the name of Hagerman Horse Fossil in Idaho. Here they can take the time to see for themselves and carefully consider the abundant paleontological evidence that establishes the horse family, genus, and even modern-day species, Equus caballus, as among the most truly native in North America, for most deeply and anciently rooted and of longest evolutionary duration here. The horse is a returned native species; and the burro has substantial evolutionary roots in North America. But these proven facts concerning our two national heritage species are rarely acknowledged by the BLM and USFS officials who are legally charged with their protection, and when so only begrudgingly and in a way designed to minimize their relevance.
To me it seems the height of ingratitude that of all the species upon which humans inflict their prejudice and spite, it should be the horse and burro that bear the brunt of their attacks! These are species whose members have performed such a world of service for mankind over, not just centuries, but approximately seven millennia! In the broader horizon of Time, their truer place among Life’s unfolding family on Earth has been and presently remains in the wild, and particularly here in North American where the vast majority of their evolutionary past history was experienced over many millions of years and with practically no break right up to the present.
In the freedom of the wilds, the true vigor of any race or species is preserved! We owe this freedom to the magnificent horses and wise burros on the land that gave them birth. Given sufficient freedom in space and time, they prove that the equid element both restores and enhances the ecosystem here in North America, as elsewhere. But these animals must be allowed to fill their natural niche in a habitat of sufficient size in order to become long-term viable, stabilized populations, as befits the “ecological climax species” they are. We have not really given the horse this chance since the early to mid 19th Century, though many studies have revealed an increase in native biodiversity in areas where they have dwelled for generations. This includes southeastern California’s Coyote Canyon Wild Horse Herd Area located on BLM land, but from which, lamentably, all of the distinctive, Spanish descended mustangs have recently been removed! Seed dispersal and soil building through added humus (both performed by means of fecal deposition) count among the primary ways in which this enhancement is achieved. And there are many others I could describe given the time (rolling swales as water catchments; accessing food and water by hoof action both for themselves and other species both in summer and in winter, preventing animals from perishing in winter/summer, prey, etc.).
— I am very concerned for the approximate 30,000 mainly wild horses but some burros who have been over-gathered and now languish in government holding areas and for whom euthanasia has recently been proposed by BLM officials as a convenient way of solving the crisis they themselves have created. And I strongly urge that these animals be restored to their empty or nearly empty — but still legal — Herd Areas throughout the West. This is the only honorable course of action, and we owe it to them!
I have performed a calculation of the numbers that could be restored based on the various sizes of the legal Herd Areas. Though just the empty Herd Areas in Nevada and Wyoming alone could accommodate the 30,000, I recommend that these equids be used to restore more viable herds throughout all the 10 Western states from which they have been unfairly depleted. However, care should be taken to restore the wild equids to their original Herd Areas wherever possible, or if not possible, to Herd Areas as close by to their natal grounds or with as similar habitat types, climates and other conditions as is again possible. Availability of water, forage, shelter and other habitat requirements, of course, should also be considered — and our public servants must learn to stand up to the wild horses’ and burros’ enemies in securing such vital resources, including summering and wintering grounds and the corridors between these.
Table 2 & chart indicate by state where and in what numbers wild horses and burros could be released into already emptied Herd Areas or into HA’s/HMA’s that contain too few wild equids and whose numbers should be bolstered for greater viability.
In Arizona, 540 wild burros, 35 wild horses proportionally among 8 herd areas according to area size, AML, species designation and habitat factors such as water and forage.
In California, 303 wild burros into 2 herd areas and 2005 wild horses into 13 herd areas.
In Colorado, 659 wild horses into 7 herd areas/herd management areas.
In Idaho, 81 wild horses into 4 herd areas/herd management areas.
In Montana, 294 wild horses into 6 herd areas.
In Nevada, 5,200+ wild horses into 31 herd areas/herd management areas.
In New Mexico 166 wild horses into 3 herd areas/herd management areas.
In Oregon 2,240 wild horses & 10 wild burros into 28 herd areas/herd management areas.
In Utah, 1,085 wild horses and 17 wild burros into 18 herd areas/herd management areas.
In Wyoming, 7,425 wild horses into 29 herd areas/herd management areas, 22 of which are zeroed out and 7 below AML.
Totals: 19,190 wild horses and 870 wild burros for total 20,060 wh/b’s in 149 ha/hma’s.
Many of the additional approximately 10,000 government-held wild equids could easily be accommodated by assigning just AML’s to the zeroed-out herd areas. These would be proportional to the size of such as well as water and other resource availability. Also by increasing ludicrously low AML’s that are disproportionate to the size and resource availability of the original HA’s, many of the excessively gathered wild equids could be further accommodated as is shown in Table 2 and Chart:
Arizona (15% reduction): 1,000 wild burros/horses;
California (65% reduction): 5,000 wild horses/burros;
Colorado (45% reduction): 1,000 wild horses;
Idaho (12% reduction): 1,000 wild horses;
Montana (83% reduction): 1,000 wild horses;
Nevada (23% reduction): 4,310 wild horses/burros;
New Mexico (77% reduction): 334 wild horses;
Oregon (32% reduction): 1,750 wild horses/burros;
Utah (28% reduction): 1,085 wild horses;
Wyoming (53% reduction): 2,575 wild horses.
Total: 19,054 wild equids
Additional numbers that could be released into the 10 Western states sum to 19,054 wild equids, chiefly horses with some burros. Summing to the earlier figure, a total of 39,114 wild equids should and easily could be reinstated into their rightful legal herd areas on federal lands throughout the West administered by the BLM. This is over 9,000 more than the ca. 30,000 wild equids currently being held. And this evaluation does not take a hard look at the Forest Service’s original wild equid territories, many but not all of which have been relegated to the BLM for management. Since the Forest Service has reduced horse or burro occupation in their original legal herd areas by 5,986,112 acres, or 53%, it could easily restore many wild horses and burros to these empty by still legal areas throughout the West — provided the political will to do so!
Unfairness towards America’s last wild horses and burros follows a long tradition that includes other scapegoats such as the buffalo, the wolf, the bear, the prairie dog and the Indian himself. Table 1 & Charts indicate the national 36% reduction from the original herd areas to herd management areas and that four states have eliminated wild equids from over 50% of their original herd areas: California – 65%, Montana – 83%, New Mexico – 77%, and Wyoming – 54%.
The number of acres per remaining or planned individual wild horse or burro reveals the gross inequity. Please take note that our public servants have allowed for only one currently surviving wild horse or burro in the wild for every 1,871 acres of original legal Herd Areas established by the Act. And in the greatly reduced Herd Management Areas, there are currently only 1,206 acres per surviving wild equid! One entire football field is closely equal to just one acre. Since these figures were published by BLM in early 2008, this agency has further reduced the herds by several thousand in order to establish the non-viable so-called Appropriate Management Levels that would leave 1,253 acres, or football fields, of Herd Management Areas per individual wild horse and burro! This is the near equivalent of leaving one wild equid for every livestock permittee, each having 100’s or even 1,000’s of livestock grazing upon the public lands!
BLM planned on leaving only 27,492 wild horses and burros nationwide as of spring, 2008, though their current total was only 28,563, of which 2,874 were burros and 25,689 were wild horses. This is close to the population level of pronghorn antelope that survived in the early part of the last, i.e. 20th, century after sustaining wholesale carnage and plunder by European settlers. The pronghorn’s low population level, ca. 26,000, was considered just cause for declaring the species to be endangered with extinction and warranting immediate action by authorities to save it. Obviously our two national heritage species are not so valued, since they are being set up for just such a low or much lower levels. Again, the phrase “managing for extinction” comes to mind, both for the wild horses and ten times more for the wild burros! By the way, field studies have proven that wild horses actually help pronghorn antelope through mutualistic symbioses.
As a wild horse and burro appreciating ecologist, I envision self-contained reserves both in and around the originally established Herd Areas, including where possible other appropriate areas on both private and public lands. Through ecologically knowledgeable reserve design that takes into account as many of the short- and long-term needs of the wild equids as possible, drastic roundups could be avoided, or at least greatly minimized. This will be accomplished by incorporating into reserve design natural boundaries such as high mountains or cliffs that limit the equids’ movements and, only where necessary, by the construction of artificial, semi-permeable equid barriers that allow other species of wildlife to pass through unharmed. It will also be accomplished through judiciously freeing up water sources for the herds. Crucial to this plan is that each reserve contain appropriate habitat of sufficient size to support a long-term viable wild horse or burro population of, I recommend, around 1,000 interbreeding individuals. Within each such natural sanctuary, the wild equids will be respectfully treated as the “principal” presence, not relegated to mere token numbers and deprived of basic resources in order to accommodate a monopoly of livestock and/or big game, as is currently the case! In these equid reserves, natural checks and balances will be allowed to operate, including natural predators of equids such as the puma and the wolf. With relative rapidity, the herds will attain population stability as part of a special, harmonious give-and-take relationship within each unique occupied ecosystem. And the cruel & ecologically disruptive roundups that have tragically set back the site-specific adaptiveness of the West’s magnificent wild horse & burro populations will become a thing of the past! Thank God!
— Though the horse is a quickly reverting, returned native wildlife species in North America, complementing many native plants and animals, and though he greatly reduces flammable vegetation, thus preventing catastrophic fires, of mounting “global warming” concern today, he is still perversely branded and treated as a destructive exotic by federal and state officials, livestock and hunter, among other bias, interests. The burro species is a member of the ass branch of the horse family, Equidae, which branch had its origin and long-standing evolutionary development in North America. It refills an empty niche that was occupied by very similar species in the drier areas of the West and not that long ago, geologically speaking. Both horse and burro successfully disperse the seeds of many native plants and help build water-retentive and nutritive soils through their feces. Upon these wild equids so much of the native North American ecosystem depends. Beneath these sunny and starry skies and given sufficient time and space and freedom, all individuals of all species – including wild horses and burros — ever move forth in marvelous conjunction!
“With nostrils flared and mane flying, the horse is an image of beauty and grace with an undying spirit!” Although briefly domesticated by man, its awe-inspiring, multi-million-year history and destiny remains in the vast, wide-open spaces of the natural biodiverse and inter-balanced world. But whether corralled or at liberty in the physical, its heart remains its own, forever wild and free!
Posted in ALERTS, United States - Action Needed, Wildhorses of America, Wildlife Protection | Tagged Saving America's Wild Horses: A Call for Action | 7 Comments
on October 29, 2011 at 4:52 pm | Reply The Bureau of Land Grabbing Management – “the US’ organized catastrophe of incompetence” « Loki’s Gift
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on April 6, 2012 at 8:17 pm | Reply THE WILD HORSE CONSPIRACY – A Must Read « Loki’s Gift
on June 9, 2012 at 3:23 pm | Reply A Letter from the Author of “Wild Horse Conspiracy” Craig C Downer « Loki’s Gift
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on April 21, 2013 at 6:21 pm | Reply Craig Downer, renown author of “The Wild Horse Conspiracy” is presenting in London Ontario Canada, in May. | Loki's Gift
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on April 21, 2013 at 8:34 pm | Reply Craig Downer, renown author of “The Wild Horse Conspiracy” is presenting in London Ontario Canada, in May. | Tundra Voices
on April 11, 2017 at 11:36 pm | Reply Craig C. Downer
So glad to see my speech is still available to everyone. Happy Easter/Spring!
on April 14, 2017 at 6:38 pm | Reply Zephr
As long as I keep my Blog up Craig, it will be there I hope.
Leave a Reply to Zephr Cancel reply
As Time Has Gone By
Feel Good Sunday: Clydesdales Help Purina Deliver Surprise to Horse Shelter in Need
Canine Profiling threatens thousands
CHDC lays a wreath at The Animals in War Dedication Monument in Ottawa
Sarge, a poster child for everything wrong (Range Management, a Layer of… Bricks, Part Two)
Get The Facts |
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June 27, 2016 July 13, 2016 Gina Olson Bernie Sanders, Clinton, Goldwiser
How Lukewarm Do You Want It?
In the last few days, Bernie Sanders came come out with what some are calling an endorcement of Hillary Clinton but here’s what’s interesting to me; he still has not suspended his campaign and has no intention of doing so. Now why is that? He said this last week that he would do everything in his power to make sure that Donald Trump is not elected president and that he would also vote for Hillary Clinton. I get the ‘do whatever he can to stop Trump’ statement, but to stop just short of an official endorsement, sounds suspect to me. I wonder how hard or if it was hard at all for him to say that he would vote for Hillary Clinton.
At the finish line, it’s really all about politics and while he did a lot to get the youth and disaffected Republicans into his camp, the reason that that was successful was because of what he was saying about everyday people. It’s also been disclosed that Bernie Sanders has won some concessions from the Democratic platform which many are seeing as a victory. As the reality is setting in, figuring out a way to bring that flank of the Democratic Party is pretty tricky for Sanders and Clinton. He’s made it, albeit gently, about her being a big part of the problem with why progressives can progress.
So how will she be able to square the circle with his voters when everything he has been saying has been against her? There’s the argument that they have more in common than they disagree with but I think it’s probably a toss-up. No matter what, Sanders supporters are going to have to make a big decision come November and it’s anyone’s guess what the outcome will be. The polls are just snapshots in a moment in time and they will continue to change up until Election Day.
Hang on; it’s going to be a bumpy ride!
Tagged #silver, Bernie Sanders, Bullion, Donald Trump, Election 2016, Gold Buyers in The Woodlands, Goldwiser, Hillary Clinton, Jewelry, Platinum Buyers in The Woodlands, Silver Buyers in The Woodlands, The Woodlands, Tomball
2 thoughts on “How Lukewarm Do You Want It?”
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Don’t Chicken Dance With Me!
The Parties Are Over
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Playing in Heavy Systems | This Week in Videogame Blogging
by Critical Distance on 11/06/16 06:52:00 pm
The following blog post, unless otherwise noted, was written by a member of Gamasutras community.
The thoughts and opinions expressed are those of the writer and not Gamasutra or its parent company.
It's a new month and a time of shiny new treats for games writing. This week saw the launch of Waypoint, which seems to have allowed the Vice Gaming crew to grow a bit and build their own set of interests and themes separate to the larger magazine. This week also brought us a new issue of Game Studies, one of the main academic journals that overlaps with our part of the blogosphere. Meanwhile, amid all this newness, we still have a lot of writing to look at that reflects on our relationship to the past.
A Certain Self-Confidence
Two of Waypoint's first features look at conditions in workplaces and in a prison, giving us a solid look at how games intersect with some of the fundamental institutions that underpin American society.
The Curious Appeal of Crunch - Waypoint
The influence of personal investment and heroic narratives on labor conditions in gaming are laid bare, forcing readers to confront the uncomfortably fuzzy boundary between individual free will and social control.
Dragons in the Department of Corrections - Waypoint
In a remarkable and rare feature, Elizabeth de Kleer interviews D&D players in prison, learning how the game's co-operative and communicative qualities represent particular challenges and potential.
"Currently, Bey plays a female halfling (he offers in a high-pitched tone—clearly his role-playing voice). Role-playing a female character in prison seems like it would take guts, but Bey isn't worried. 'When you're in a setting like prison,' he says, 'where so much depends on bravado and presenting a credible threat, to sit down and play a game that has the word 'faerie' anywhere in it takes a certain self-confidence that I think demands respect.' "
The Larger System
We continue learning about histories of America and other world powers in these pieces about simulations old and new.
Who Gets to Be a CIVILIZATION? - Between the Lines - YouTube (Video: subtitles auto-generated)
Kyle Kalgren's fantastic video looks at the consequences of how nations are portrayed in Sid Meier's Civilisation.
Hardcore Gaming 101: America Daitouryou Senkyo
Brian Crimmins takes a timely look back at a Famicom game representing the American political system.
"Even when surprises present themselves, like current events changing public opinion or political factions calling you and promising to donate to your campaign if you support their cause, they never threaten to disrupt the system, as it's built to accommodate them. All in all, you get the feeling that whatever thoughts the developers may have for this specific campaign [...] they believe the larger system works [...]"
This is an extract from a full weekly roundup posted on Critical Distance. To see the full post and other great writing and podcasting from the world of games criticism, check out critical-distance.com.
Join our community of over 200 supporters, and become a patron of Critical Distance.
Current goal: $1300
Help us to reach stability and build something bigger.
https://www.patreon.com/critdistance
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In the world of wearable video games, a new challenger appears
July 17, 2013 | By Leigh Alexander
More: Smartphone/Tablet, Design, Business/Marketing
91 percent of mobile developers are focused only on the touch screen and not the myriad other sensing capabilities involved in smart devices -- a massive unexplored opportunity, according to one new company that believes future portable video games won't be necessarily tied to smartphones at all.
Menlo Park, CA-based Mind Pirate, founded late last year, has just emerged out of stealth mode with $2.5 million in seed capital from two venture capital partners, and it's acquired game developer Twyngo (whose iOS game Amazing Ants saw some 2 million installs in its first 11 days) into lead its exploration of designs for late-model phones and tablets -- as well as next-generation wearable tech, like Google Glass.
It's part of funder Bessemer Venture Partners' roadmap to further investments in next-gen mobile tech, and Mind Pirate founder Shawn Hardin (pictured) was formerly BVP's entrepreneur-in-residence. He tells Gamasutra that Silicon Valley VCs see enormous market opportunity in the next wave of portable devices, predicting $5.2 bilion of new market value in the next four years for mobile augmented reality.
"25 percent of that, they're estimating, will go to games, and another 25 percent to entertainment and multimedia," says Hardin, citing mobile specialist firm Juniper Research. "The rate of growth is explosive and extraordinary."
The Callisto Engine for game developers
As part of Mind Pirate's positioning plan for that anticipated growth, it's also developing a game development platform, the Callisto Engine, that it'll eventually license to game developers looking for under-explored opportunities in late mobile hardware as well as to leverage the capabilities of future tech.
"It's designed to make as easy as possible the transition of game design from a touch-centric experience to one that embraces the unique dynamics of wearable tech, and the sensing capabilities of modern mobile design," Hardin tells Gamasutra.
There's enormous opportunity in the fact that so few games have fully explored the capabilities of smartphones, including gyroscope, accelerometer, compass, image senors, proximity sensors, internet connectivity, GPS and beyond. Now that the mobile games space has matured on smartphones, Hardin expects more game makers are going to want to experiment and be less risk-averse -- especially as he also believes wearable technology will "rapidly diminish, or completely eliminate" the role of the touchscreen in modern experience design.
Augmented reality game design is nothing new, though: Geolocation games, mobile-supported ARGs, and other AR experiences that depend on voice and sound have come to market with relatively little fanfare. Hardin admits that past AR applications have been limited to cool gimmicks that are fun to show friends, but lack long-term engagement.
"It's challenging enough in the increasingly crowded and competitive mobile space to create awareness and discovery, so to then add onto that a requirement that people have to change where they are in the world to play your game, that's a high bar," he says. "The value hasn't been there to date."
"There are lots of key learnings from that first chapter, and one of them is that there are ways to take advantage of the fact that the device understands its location and knows your routines, your work, your home," Hardin continues. Though the company isn't yet prepared to speak specifically about its design plans, he notes "there can be value in dynamics that don't disrupt, but complement what you're already doing."
Another failing from the first wave of device-oriented augmented reality experiences is that many of them were designed to show off a particular hardware functionality, not to be self-sustaining experiences in and of themselves. With mobile games getting ever more robust, single-gimmick hardware projects of that sort are unlikely to stand out or satisfy users, Hardin theorizes.
"The way we think about it is that we're not an 'augmented reality game company,' we're a company focused on a couple of theses: One of them being the under-utilization of the current state of smartphones and tablets. As we develop technology and expertise in that space, we see it scaling into a myriad of new form factors where touch is increasingly less dominant," he explains.
"The device translates gestures, behaviors and actions into new forms of engagement and control. There's the orientation of the device, and motion -- look at the Wii, where fun dynamics emerged that aren't taken advantage of yet on the mobile platform," continues Hardin. "Another sensing ability is how this very, very personal supercomputer in your pocket knows a great deal about you, whether you're riding your bike, at work or asleep, and how might those insights be brought into game design and game experience."
Games will lead the adoption of augmented reality experience on future wearable devices with "binocular, glass form factors" -- Hardin's company is fond of the catchphrase that "within the next five years, eyephones will replace iPhones" -- but Google Glass isn't the limit of that potential, the company believes. "There's all kinds of interesting hardware coming very soon that hasn't been announced -- Google Glass is part of the evolution of our space, but it's not the be-all end-all."
The promise of next-generation wearable tech has already prompted much speculation, even some controversy, about the role of technology in our lives. As more products and services emerge that promise to "know" their users, privacy concerns abound, as well as do questions about how technology may affect our interactions with others. Lots of industry-watchers feel ambivalent about interacting in a world where everyone has a supercomputer in their direct line of gaze. Do users really want a yet more-intimate relationship with devices, even for gaming?
"I think the discussion tends to be a bit binary, where it's all great or all horrible," Hardin replies. "The most likely outcome is that these things are going to come, and offer a tremendous amount of value, and we've seen users are in fact willing to give up quite a lot of information for the right exchange of value. The interfaces that are emerging and that will emerge are not always going to be in your face and bothering you, but very helpful and utilitarian. I think it's more fluid than we're seeing the conversation play out, and I think the value is going to be so clear it's going to drive a lot of adoption."
"With the continuing debate around privacy, we see how stark and different those [issues] are based on generation, and how profoundly that has changed in the last five years with Facebook's rise to incredibly success," he adds. "People are demonstrably giving up extraordinary amounts of information and loving it, and being extremely pleased with the value they're getting back. That's the model we're looking at with the new wearable tech space."
A market that's bound to be competitive
Currently Mind Pirate is "deep in user tests" with its first game, set to release this fall, and has already begun conversations with developers about its Callisto technology. "There are quite a few folks we're talking to in all aspects of the ecosystem -- I can tell you there are quite a lot of new things coming to the market we're really excited about. We've all seen the same rumors about Microsoft's watch, and Google's watch, and patents they have on AR, and I think there's an inevitability to this," he predicts.
"Google has announced they'll release some version of Glass next year, so expect quite a few competitive products when that comes out. I think it's going to be an interesting situation, where rapid-iterative consumer experience improvement cycles will probably very quickly drive some pretty compelling innovation."
Q&A: Designing for deception in Werewolf-inspired Project Winter
Switch owners say Joy-Con controllers are prone to drifting after just months
Video: Living the freelancing dream while avoiding the nightmare
Odyssey and Siege push Ubisoft to a better-than-expected quarter
[Next News Story] [View All]
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Major League Baseball 2K11 – Related Games
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Genre: Sports » Team » Baseball » Sim
Developer: Visual Concepts
Publisher: 2K Sports
Release: March 8, 2011
Franchise: Major League Baseball 2K
The eighth game in the MLB 2K series, MLB 2K10 celebrates the immortal battle on the baseball diamond between pitcher...
While attending the University of Washington, MLB 2K9's cover athlete Tim Lincecum won the coveted Golden Spikes Awar...
It's a whole new ballgame! Major League Baseball 2K7 redefines the pure baseball video game experience with true, Nex...
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Major League Baseball 2K6 is the newest baseball offering from 2K Sports and the only MLB-licensed game this year. Us...
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3 PROLOGUE – The Answer
4 Chapter One – Training Day, Arrivals
By Tina
Disclaimer: The following story has been written with no intention of claiming ownership or solicitation, nor does the author claim the movie character(s) as his/her own. The movie character(s) have been borrowed solely out of a love of the particular movie and is not intended for any other purpose but amusement and entertainment.
There are many ways to tell a story.
This is one.
While some of the most common things become accepted canon, we don’t always agree, oftentimes forcing even The Creator of the signature work to admit ‘I was wrong,’ frustrating us to no end because now it is ‘set in stone’. Which is why we create alternate universes, to satisfy our hunger for…well, whatever the case, be it to right some wrong, give our hero or heroine satisfaction, or to complete a journey we felt was never satisfactorily finished.
This is another version…a tweaking…a difference here and there, some so minor, they may not be immediately noticeable.
Consider this a level of the multiverse, finite and infinite, each universe part of a vast assemblage and existing simultaneously, the numerous realities unaware of the other. Therefore at first glance, should you, in the reading of this account, discover something you believe a contradiction, recall this introduction and remember – this is only one version of the story and the lives entwined with it.
From a French motion picture entitled Beauty and the Beast, directed by Jean Cocteau and released in 1946 according to our known universe:
Children believe what we tell them.
They have complete faith in us.
They believe that a rose plucked from a garden can plunge a family into conflict.
They believe that the hands of a human beast will smoke when he slays a victim, and that this will cause him shame when a young maiden takes up residence in his home.
They believe a thousand other simple things.
I ask of you a little of this childlike sympathy and, to bring us luck, let me speak four truly magic words, childhood’s Open Sesame:
Briton.
Their people had always possessed a sense of exploration and adventure, to know what lay beyond the boundaries of the island which was the heart of their ancient kingdom, beyond the lands which were part of their growing modern Empire. It was in their blood, their nature, not as conquerors but as seekers, explorers, their desire taking them across immense, seemingly endless oceans and uncharted continents. It did not happen overnight. The usually peaceful unification around the world took decades, centuries…
Their society prospered, built on advancing technologies with a singular passion for steam, until almost everything – from modes of transportation to their homes and fashions were born of that industry. A historian eventually coined it ‘steampunk’. The term stuck.
However, it was not always the growth of an Empire pushing them forward.
There were times when the fates gave someone the right amount of determination or insanity to pursue what even the most foolhardy and adventurous of Britons had yet to attempt, to decide to travel east of the Empire’s Bharata, beyond the splendors of independent Cathay, into territories where few had gone. An intrepid archaeologist/historian/college professor made it to the borders, spending the next year performing survey work with his team and seeking rumored treasures from ages past. When he returned home, although he had made no direct contact with the inhabitants, his journals made mention of human beings with supernatural abilities, some of whom he alleged were witnessed flying through trees and bending elements including water or fire to their will.
They made for good stories. The Empire had seen much in its’ travels. And the archaeologist was well-respected for his previous retrieval work in finding legendary objects, in particular, lost religious items. For the most part, his records were accepted as fact.
It was not until the stewardship of the second Hokage of Konohagakure – Tobirama Senju – did the Britons finally meet these people of whom the eminent Doctor Henry (aka Indiana) Jones reported.
Charles and Amelia Stanley – noted explorers, historians and experts in anthropology and archaeology – accepted the next adventure, their exploratory team penetrating the borders of what they would learn was the Land of Fire. The Stanleys became the first Westerners to discover Konohagakure…Konoha…the Village Hidden Among the Leaves. They came not as conquerors or interlopers, but to learn if the Jones chronicles were accurate. It wasn’t long before they also learned that what he had seen was the tip of the proverbial iceberg.
When the Stanleys and their party returned to the Briton capital two-and-a-half years later, they were accompanied by a few of the ninja granted permission to travel with them. The ninjas were also on their own mission of discovery and exploration, so Konohagakure could be part of the outside world they, too, had heard whispers about.
Before long the Empire knew of them too. While some remained doubtful about people flying through trees, controlling elements or walking on water, it did make for a rousing good story. Most importantly, ninjas existed and the witnesses saw they possessed gifts equal to if not greater than those of the acclaimed medieval magician Myrddin of Caerfyrddin.
Talk of forming an alliance of some sort came into being, not with the Leaf Village as a part of the Empire, but as an ally, equals.
The murmurs about athletic games so each society might compete in friendship began, pushed by then Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli, former Prime Minister William Pitt, and members of the royal family. By the time the ninja returned to the Village, accompanied by the Stanleys, there were diplomats with them too, as well as scholars, historians, surveyors, as well as those with the knowledge of agriculture and anthropology.
Charles and Amelia’s multi-volume Hidden: The History of Konohagakure, the Village Among the Leaves became required textbook reading on the university level. An abridged edition became a popular best seller.
The Alliance became reality, both on paper and in a vocal agreement. While many “on the outside” could not comprehend such a thing – that a force such as Konoha with its’ shinobi would consider itself on a level plane with the likes of mere mortals. It happened. It succeeded. The athletic games to push each side to their best happened every few years, usually in the Village, but on several occasions in Briton, giving the few who made the journey a chance to see their allies even more personally. Each side benefited.
The ‘final’ Games. The Glorious Games were how they came to be known, both in Briton and among the Villagers. Of all those which had been conducted, these were considered the best and most memorable. Emperor-King Edward IX accompanied his athletes, along with his beautiful Queen, Alexandra, and their little daughter, the heiress-apparent, Princess Elizabeth. The Briton team was the largest in the history of the Games and people came from far off lands to watch the competitions, realizing with amazement that there were actual mortals with such fortitude they might make a jonin tremble, if only for a second.
There was already talk of the next Games becoming even more magnificent.
They never happened.
The Nine-Tails came. That story is chronicled in the histories of Konohagakure and need not be repeated here.
Briton could not have come to their aid had they even desired. The greatest war in their history, their one and only world war, broke out against the invading fascist forces of Germania and Italia intent on global conquest. It took several bloody years before their armies were pushed back and defeated. One dictator was executed by his own people who were part of the Resistance – him along with his mistress. The chief leader and instigator of the war – his dreams of conquest swept away – hid in a bunker in their nation’s capital, along with his mistress, general staff and those of his military and personal echelon. As the Imperial Briton armies surrounded them, the man worshiped as Der Führer took his life, as did his mistress and others not wishing to live in a world without him.
One World War was over.
The conflicts in Konohagakure continued almost without ceasing.
The Alliance was broken, broken for years, but never forgotten.
But you see, there are moments when the perfect time arises for renewal.
This was the moment.
PROLOGUE – The Answer
TEN MONTHS BEFORE THE BEGINNING OF THE MAIN STORY
From Windsor –
My Lady Tsunade –
Great and Honorable Lady, Granddaughter of the First Hokage of Konohagakure – Hashirama Senju, God of Shinobi –
Greetings to you from Briton.
First, I must confess that not only was I surprised upon the receipt of your letter, but was overcome with emotion that after so many years, a Hokage of Konohagakure was reaching out to us once more in remembrance of the alliance and friendship we once possessed.
When I was a girl, one of my fondest memories was of accompanying the King my father (Edward IX of blessed memory) and my mother, now the Queen-Dowager Alexandra, to your beautiful little village: of the friendships I made, the camaraderie which was spread, and the competition between our athletes. It was such a magnificent alliance. It is regrettable that due to the many strifes our world endures, it was torn asunder despite all we did to maintain it.
News has reached us of the troubles you have experienced these past few years, and my heart ached, not only for you but for your good people. It is never easy to lose those you have sworn to protect – it tears at the emotions, even as we remain strong in our resolve as their leader. That is the thing which sets us apart from our citizenry: the decisions, often difficult beyond imagining; the maintaining of an isolation only we can comprehend because we fear becoming too close, when we realize that many times, it cannot be helped.
Lady – I weep for those gone from this world, and rejoice in those who remain to carry on the honor of your village. I can well imagine how precious is the new generation in your midst.
Tsunade took another sip of sake as she read the letter for the dozenth time. For the last hour, from the moment the messenger arrived, she had held the correspondence in one hand and her favorite drink in the other, analyzing the pages, reading over each carefully phrased word, searching for the truth or the lie behind each sentence.
Her assistant Shizune stood close-by and remained quiet, having read the letter over her mistress’ shoulder when it first reached the office. Occasionally however, she found the need to quiet Tonton when the piglet squirmed in her arms. “Shh…” she would whisper, “do you want to disturb Lady Tsunade?”
“Oink-oink?”
“This is important to the future of the Village, do you understand?”
The small pig nodded, her little string of pearls shaking about her neck as she did. “Oink-oink,” came the reply, and Tonton appeared to comprehend how crucial this was.
In these last twenty years, we, too, have suffered pain and rejoiced when we could, but in our positions as leaders, we must remain god-like, untouchable and yet filled with a passion only you and I know.
Tsunade fought back her own emotions. Of the death of one so precious it drove her into a life of despair for years, until only the unquenchable drive of a precocious yellow haired boy forced her to face her demons. She knew that what this Queen spoke of came from the heart.
Not only in the last twenty years had the Queen-Empress of the Briton Empire lost her beloved father (a man nicknamed “the perfect King” and considered one of their greatest monarchs), but her Prince Consort as well. The young woman had sworn to never remarry – that information had reached even the far-off Leaf Village. But a few years before, the Queen met another; found a second chance at love, and had made a handsome Earl and Naval captain her husband and consort.
It’s amazing enough to find real love once in your life, Tsunade considered. She’s managed to find two. I envy her that and she once more returned to the letter.
….Therefore after much discussion with both the Privy Council as well as the Parliamentary leadership, we are most keen to negotiate the return of the Games, as well as restore an alliance we once held dear. My regret is that it has taken this long for us to reopen formal dialogues, but let us not look back, my Lady. We must look forward in our endeavors. I believe this can benefit us both.
I regret I will be unable to personally attend the negotiations or the Games in Konohagakure. Rejoice with me, my Lady – the future heir to the throne of Briton grows in my womb. I cannot risk traveling such a vast distance, therefore I pray you will do me the honour of accepting in my place, my beloved kinsmen and kinswomen who will serve as my representatives, as well as be participants in the Games. They are from the Marshall branch of the Royal family; devoted and loyal servants who have protected the throne for generations. I cannot think of better ambassadors to come in my stead.
Of course her people would be protective. The Queen might not be as fragile as an egg, but when the future of one’s kingdom was at stake, sacrifices were necessary.
Tsunade had a feeling that if Briton’s ruler had her way, the Queen would want to not only attend, but participate in the Games whether she was early in her pregnancy or with a month or two remaining! This was, after all, someone who was often on the frontlines of battles more than her ministers likely cared to see. Tsunade imagined the young woman argued and argued her point, but eventually saw the facts. In a way that was unfortunate. The Hokage regretted they would not meet on this occasion, for she thought they might have a few things in common.
Hard to dislike anyone who sent me such exquisite sake, bless her. Tsunade downed the last of the elixir in her ochoko. It was possibly the best she ever enjoyed in her life, and that was saying a lot. The Queen sent four bottles of a premium dai gingo sake, along with the promise that when her negotiators and athletes arrived, more would be in the offing.
“So Lady Tsunade?” Shizune asked when the Fifth Hokage eased the finely crafted stationery to the desktop.
Tsunade pointed one manicured fingernail at the letter. “I’ve heard the Briton Queen counts Japanese among her many languages. In fact, she requires all of her courtiers and diplomats to be fluent in it among other international languages. It’s because she has always had a special fondness for our Village.”
“I didn’t know that about her.”
“Oink,” Tonton answered.
Tsunade’s right hand swept across the blue ink. “I’m pretty sure she wrote this in her own hand. There’s a casualness to the pen strokes, whether she’s being formal or lapsing into informality. She didn’t let some secretary do it, and she easily could have considering who she is. She wanted this to be personal.”
“Meaning?”
“Meaning the Empress-Queen of Briton wants this as much as we do.”
Shizune smiled, as did Tonton. “So…”
“So tell the Council to get their behinds in here. We’ve got Games to plan, facilities to build and repair, trade negotiations to…well, to negotiate! But tell them not a word yet to the people. We want to make sure the major behind the scenes stuff is out of the way when we do. And I think I’m going to send Kakashi, or Might Guy, or both of them with my reply so we can push this forward. That research you found me on the last time the Games were here…”
“Well, the Queen’s late father may have known Might Duy and Sakumo Hatake when he was here, so Her Majesty might feel a sentimental connection with Guy and Kakashi. Worth a shot anyway. At any rate, I expect the Council to get on board with this. There’s a load of work to be done before we welcome the Britons back.”
“Yes, my lady. I’ll go fetch the Members right away.”
Tsunade shook her head. “Uh-uh.”
“My lady?”
Tsunade shook the empty Tokkuri. “Warm me up some more of that dai gingo will you, Shizune. I’m going to need it.”
“Yes my lady.”
Tsunade grinned, her eyes returning to the letter as she reread the final words:
My messengers are to await your word and return to me posthaste with the news. I anxiously await this Great Lady, in honor of those who have gone before us, and to celebrate the generations that stand to benefit from our friendship. I visualize only great things ahead as we strive to battle the evils threatening to destroy the small lights of freedom. Until then —
The Lord Watch Between Me and Thee While We Are Absent One From Another.
Elizabeth Regina
Queen of Briton, Cymru, Eire, Scotus and Gaul; Empress of Bharata; Protector of Teyshas, Canadia, Oceania, the Western Isles and North Africanus
Dieu Et Mon Droit
Queen Elizabeth concluded the letter with not only a hint of what her own kingdom suffered during years of war, but to remind anyone who saw it, just how beneficial an alliance would be with an empire such as theirs once each location was traced on a map. Tsunade knew it was quite a formidable realm which stretched across a good portion of the globe, and she regretted all the issues involving Konohagakure had driven the friends apart, not out of desire or necessity, but due to the meddlings of others. Now the opportunity again arose for a renewal of what once had been, and both women intended to take full advantage of it.
And there was one last thing she noted. Elizabeth included an ancient Briton saying, one of the deepest held in their religious rites. It was said between the closest of friends, between spouses, between the dearest of relatives, between lovers. Each utterance or proclamation was with the greatest reverence. That was why, when Tsunade saw ‘The Lord Watch Between Me and Thee While We Are Absent One From Another’, she knew her fellow leader recognized how crucial the offer had been. The hand of friendship was extended .
It was time to begin, but first…
“Shizune – how long does it take to warm up that damn elixir?”
“Coming my lady.”
Chapter One – Training Day, Arrivals
“DO NOT THINK I HAVE A PROBLEM DROPPING ANY ONE OF YOU! DO NOT THINK YOU ARE SAFE FROM BEING CUT BECAUSE YOU ARE MY STUDENTS! AND YOU KNOW WHAT THAT MEANS, RIGHT?!”
“YES GUY-SENSEI!” Two members of Team Guy screamed simultaneous responses, although they were well aware that their instructor already had a reply.
“IT WOULD MEAN SHAME TO YOUR TEAM, SHAME TO YOURSELVES, AND SHAME TO ME AS YOUR SENSEI!”
Neji Hyuga and Tenten – despite their difficult individual workouts – were mouthing Might Guy’s words as he shouted them. This was not the first time he had uttered those phrases. Neither took him lightly. There were times, to them and the world, when the Jonin seemed foolish, but underneath those less than attractive features was one of the strongest, bravest men Konohagakure had ever produced. He accepted his responsibilities as a teacher with great seriousness, and for several years he had guided them to explore every ounce of their talents, even when they felt they were at the edge of collapse. Considering what he expected of them, and what he knew they were capable of, then yes, if he found them lacking when compared to others, there was no doubt he might put them aside for the upcoming Games, perhaps to teach them a valuable life lesson.
“And he’s not going to permit Kakashi-Sensei to have an upper hand.” Neji was breathing hard when he collapsed on a stump. Their Teacher had given them leave to relax and had disappeared – he had a good idea as to where.
Tenten used one sleeve of her tunic to wipe her forehead as she sat next to him, letting the weapons scroll she had been maneuvering rest at her side. “Don’t let Guy-Sensei hear you say that.”
“Well you know it’s true, Tenten. Those two and their rivalry-” Neji shook his head. “I suppose I should say Guy-Sensei and his rivalry. I often feel as though it’s a one-sided issue.”
“Be that as it may, do you honestly want Team Kakashi to make us look bad? I mean-” and she took a drink from her water bottle, “I don’t want to look bad in front of any of them, but-”
“Them specifically? Because of Guy-Sensei?”
“Sure. Don’t you feel the same way? He was right. It is for ourselves, for him, and our Team.”
Neji nodded. Although considered a natural-born, unbeatable genius, he had learned a few hard lessons these last years. Being defeated by Naruto during the Chunin exam finals knocked him on his haughty behind, both in a literal as well as a figurative sense. Almost dying as a member of the failed Recovery Team had given him even more insight. Watching his teammates face defeat during those long ago exams with one almost crippled for life – no, he never wanted Team Guy face anything like that again.
“You’re smiling,” Tenten said in a sing-song manner, and she put her head closer to Neji’s bowed one. “You want to kick their butts too, don’t you?”
“More than you can know. I’m eager to take on the Britons too.”
Tenten slapped him on the back. “THAT’S THE SPIRIT, HYUGA!”
“You know you’re starting to sound like Sensei.”
The young woman blushed. “I did, didn’t I? Please stop me if I do that again.” They laughed, even as she gave a slight shudder.
“I know he hasn’t said anything, but I still keep thinking he might suggest having the four of us wear the tights, you know, like a sign of teamwork.”
“And solidarity?” It was Neji’s turn to cringe. “I hope not. You’re right, he hasn’t mentioned it yet, but that doesn’t mean he won’t. Although he’s never pressed the issue, not since…”
Not since that morning years ago when he proclaimed the new outfits as a reward for their hard work. A single member of Team Guy fell over themselves to be the first to accept, the most eager member of the group, and Tenten and Neji exchanged grateful glances when their teammate held up that first green jumpsuit – and for him, it was love at first sight. There had been no looking back. The white tunic and dark pants worn after his Academy days vanished forever, as did the scruffy, near shoulder-length hair.
Guy had been so touched by the boy’s reaction that he failed to notice that the remaining students never ‘officially’ collected theirs.
“I love Guy-Sensei,” Tenten continued as she giggled, “but I don’t think that color looks all that great on me for day-to-day wear.”
I think you’d look lovely in any color, Neji thought, wondering for the hundredth time whether Tenten realized how much she had grown up or how pretty she continued to become. “Well be thankful it worked out. And speaking of working out, I’d guess we’d better get back to it before we break for the day.”
Tenten began a stretch routine as she nodded. “I’m just glad the rain stopped. Seemed like it never would.”
Neji was on his feet as well. “It wouldn’t have been the best of welcomes for the Britons after all these years.”
“Nope, not at all. So did Sensei give you any idea as to when we would break for the day?” She prayed they wouldn’t leave the Training Fields and head straight for the parade route, for it would feel uncomfortable showing up in public after training all morning. They might be the hardest working group of Chunin, but talk about poor impressions, arriving at something so momentous and smelling like- She did not want to think about it.
“He hasn’t said, but don’t worry,” Neji added, smiling as he deciphered what was on her mind. “He’ll want us to look our best. We’ll have time.”
Tenten adjusted two of her scrolls, then looked off into the distance, in the direction their Sensei had gone minutes before. “I wonder how Lee’s doing. We haven’t seen him since we got here.”
“What do you mean ‘Hmph’?”
“I’m sure Lee is fine. Guy-Sensei likely gave him another of those harebrained assignments the two of them revel in.”
“Yeah, I’m sure he did. I’m just afraid that one of these days, Lee’s going to accidentally hurt or kill himself, and we won’t find him for hours cause we’re thinking he’s off doing ten thousand squats on a mountaintop with a goat for company. And stop smirking, Neji! It’s not funny!”
*****************************************************************************************************
It was the remnant of the earlier downpour that once threatened to ruin the day. The raindrop trickled from the top branches, landed on a single leaf, and was suspended between a deep green vein and the tip.
“Nine thousand nine hundred seventy-nine.”
The drop moved, inexorably drawn by gravity until it reached the apex of the leaf, and caught in mid-air.
“Nine thousand nine hundred eighty-six.”
Until it landed on top of a head of thick black hair which was sweat-plastered against the owner’s scalp and face.
“Nine thousand nine hundred ninety-four.”
The grunts grew more intense the longer the exercise continued, and even the small audience of squirrels that at first found the peculiar human of some interest went about their business when it became apparent there was no intention of stopping anytime soon. Therefore he had been alone for what felt an eternity, but his goal was within reach.
“Nine thousand nine hundred ninety-eight..” He strained, spurring each muscle to continue; his thumbs lifted his upper body weight and cursed him for starting this routine, while the heavier wrist weights threatened to pull him downward into the puddle filled with rain and his own perspiration. Just…a…little…more. “Nine thousand nine hundred ninety-nine.” One more. You…can…do… “Ten thousand!” he exclaimed, uncertain where the energy had come from to shout his accomplishment to the world, and once it was over, he collapsed and rolled onto his back, not caring that his green jumpsuit became spattered with mud. He smiled and chuckled, covering his face with one arm as he caught his breath, and welcomed the feel of the remaining raindrops as they fell from the leaves, their touch cooling his face.
“I did it, Guy-Sensei,” he groaned. “I did it.” There was satisfaction underneath the pained words.
Only in that moment did he realize how beautiful the morning had become, his eyes fixed overhead and above the treetops – the clear azure skies; the few clouds dotting the foreground transformed from a charcoal hue during the rains into the white of new fallen snow. The breeze caressing his slender body was not as unbearably hot as he thought during his workout. It refreshed him so much that he shut his heavy-lidded eyes while his mind wandered, enjoying the bird song that serenaded him.
“Laying down on the job already?”
Without hesitation, the young man rolled over and sat straight up when the stern voice pierced the quiet, and in seconds he was on his knees, his head bowed. “Guy-Sensei,” he managed between gulps.
“I leave you alone for a few minutes and I return to find you lounging around like some Academy student on a school holiday.” Might Guy stepped nearer his pupil, noticing that the black eyes glanced up then quickly lowered, hoping to see his Teacher’s expression without being caught. “What am I going to do with you, Lee?” he asked, exasperated. “What do you think I ought to do?”
Rock Lee lifted his head. “Whatever punishment you see fit, Guy-Sensei.” He prepared for the punch he felt would follow.
I cannot keep this up, Guy thought, and a hearty laugh broke the tension as he tousled the boy’s drenched hair. At seventeen, Lee was not a boy any longer, but sometimes Guy could not help joking with him, always interested in the type of reaction he would get. One of these days he’s going to land a blow that’ll send me flying, or so improve a move I taught him years ago that he’s made it his own, and then I’ll know he’s surpassed me at last. As a teacher you hope that day never comes, but of course it always does… “Lee, I’m sorry. I couldn’t resist.”
“Sensei?” The chunin looked puzzled.
Guy shook his head. Some people often wondered if Rock Lee was a little slow on the uptake, but Might Guy knew better. There were little things which continued to make the student such an innocent. If Lee he felt – in any manner – was not doing whatever it took to please his instructor, he took it with great seriousness. And this had been one of those moments.
“I said I’m sorry, Lee. I couldn’t resist pulling your leg. I’ve been standing over there watching you finish up.” He squatted in front of Lee, noticing that a boyish smile had appeared on the younger man’s features.
“You were, sir?”
Guy flashed him one of the familiar grins, white teeth revealed, and gave the even more familiar big thumbs up. “Brilliant Lee! Absolutely brilliant! I knew you’d be able to do it.”
“Yes sir!”
“So how do the new weights feel? Too much?”
Lee rubbed his still aching deltoids, then moved his fingers along his forearm muscles, astonished he managed to support the additional weights. “Well as you always say, Sensei, no pain, no gain, right?”
“RIGHT!”
“I will become accustomed to it the more I work with them. I always do.”
“That’s the spirit. By the times the Games begin in a few weeks, you, Tenten and Neji are going to wipe up the arena with the competition. You’re going to make your old Sensei proud.”
Lee’s dark eyes widened, for as usual, Guy’s enthusiasm was infectious, but as he saw the tears in his instructor’s eyes, he sniffed and attempted to keep some control, but as always, the effort failed. “Guy-Sensei!” he cried, wiping his face. “Thank you for continuing to have faith in me.”
“Well, of course I continue to have faith in you, Lee. I always have. You just always need to remember…”
“That it is not enough for you to have faith in me. I must continue to believe in myself as well. And as I have always told you, I promise never to give up. That is my code. That is my ninja way.”
“That’s my boy! And there’s nothing wrong with you taking a little time to stop and smell the roses, as they say. You work hard enough. You deserve it. And a good ninja is always aware of the environment around him so you should take notice of everything.”
“Thank you sir. That is good to remember,” and Lee felt relieved, knowing that he had Guy’s approval to – on occasion – lay back and watch the skies.
“Of course. Eh…Lee, what’s wrong?”
The chunin looked sheepish. “Sensei, I always wondered…”
“Wondered what?” Guy moved so that he sat beside his student.
“Who are these ‘they’ everyone talks about? ‘They’ say stop and smell the roses. ‘They’ say stop and smell the coffee. ‘They’ say the grass is greener on the other side. I have never understood who or what ‘they’ are or how ‘they’ came with such authority that we repeat all of their sayings or adages without a second thought…Sensei?” He noticed Guy’s stunned expression. “Sensei?”
“Uh…you know, that is a very good question, and actually, I’ve kind of wondered that myself,” he responded, scratching his head. “That would make a good project, finding out who these ‘they’ are and what makes them so all-powerful.”
Lee reached for the pouch he put aside during his exercises, and a small notebook and pencil were withdrawn. Although his thumbs throbbed, he was able to scribble onto one page “‘Find out who ‘they’ are,” and he repeated the words aloud. “Right, sir! That will make an excellent project once the Games have concluded. I have always been curious each time I hear those sayings, but you are the only one I felt I might ask. Neji would laugh, and Tenten would shake her head and say ‘Oh Lee – really’. It was…” He closed the notebook and put it away. “It was not a ridiculous question, was it, Sensei?”
Guy put an arm around Lee’s shoulders. “Lee…in life I have found that there are no ridiculous questions. What is ridiculous is when someone doesn’t ask because they don’t want to look stupid or have others think them stupid.”
Lee nodded, then smiled. “Is that another of those things which ‘they’ say?”
The jonin chuckled. “More than likely.” Guy sprang to his feet, and his student did as well, adjusting the pouch so that it criss-crossed his body. “ALL RIGHT THEN!” and he began to stretch, grinning as Lee followed his lead. “So you got in ten thousand pushups using your thumbs alone.”
“And the squats and lunges?”
“Completed sir! As ordered while wearing the new wrist weights and the ankle weights as well!”
“Kickboxing?”
“Done sir!” They looked at the tree which had taken the brunt of Lee’s punches and leg extensions.
“And your five mile run?”
“Before the sun rose, sir and during the rain!”
“And are you tired?”
“Not at all, Guy-Sensei!”
“Then consider the rest of the day and tonight as a holiday.”
“A holiday,” Lee whispered, smiling. “Thank you sir.”
“You haven’t had one of those in awhile, have you?”
“No sir we have not.”
“Well, it’s a celebration you know. Welcoming the Britons, and the parade and everything. Konoha doesn’t get events like this every day.”
“Oh, that reminds me. I will not expect to see the three of you in training until ten tomorrow morning. That is an order,” he stressed, realizing that if he was not specific, Lee would arrive before dawn as always. “I realize that’s a lot later than usual, but the Briton party will last way into the night, and we don’t want to be rude by leaving too early. So consider the late start and attending the parade and the party as a reward for all you’ve done these last few months.” He saw Lee’s eyes widen. “You’ve been working hard since the Games were announced. I’m proud of you, Tenten and Neji.”
“Thank you sir. I hope when the Games begin, we do you proud.”
“Oh no doubt that you will. So we’ll head back to the Training Fields, fetch Tenten and Neji, then you can head home and clean up.”
“There you are, Sensei, Lee!” Tenten called out when the two appeared.
“How was your workout, Lee?” Neji asked, noticing that his teammate was rubbing his arms.
Lee’s smile was ecstatic. “Sensei was good enough to present me with new wrist weights, and I performed ten thousand push-ups on my thumbs while using them.”
Neji and Tenten traded glances. What had one of them said about harebrained? All that was missing was the mountain goat.
“TEAM! At ease!”
The three relaxed and sat on the ground, forming a semicircle around Might Guy, who remained standing.
“I’ve told Lee you’re going to head home, clean yourselves up – I can’t allow you to go out in public after all the work you’ve put in…Tenten?” He noticed the girl’s relieved look. “Did you believe I would take you to the parade when we’re all as rank as mountain goats?”
And everyone’s talking about goats. “No, of course not Sensei.” Shut up, Neji. She noticed Neji was trying not to laugh, and she prayed that his damn Byakugan developed temporary mind reading abilities so he could know what was on hers. He might be shocked at the language!
“Well head home,” Guy continued, “scrub yourselves and meet me in front of the Temple in an hour. That was why I wanted us to start training earlier than usual, so we could finish early.” He paused, listening when some nearby birds squawked at a disturbance and then took flight, while in the distance he could see a mob of Sika deer speeding across the meadow. “We’ll need a perfect spot to watch from.”
When he motioned, they stood, politely bowed, and were surprised when their Teacher began to laugh.
“Guy-Sensei, what is it?” Neji inquired, when a distant thap-thap-thap-thap caught his attention. He noted that Lee and Tenten heard it as well.
Guy continued laughing. “You’d better get a move on, Team,” he teased, pointing upwards. “There’s not a moment to lose. Look!”
The chunin followed his finger – and their mouths dropped. A twirling sound, metal against metal, thrashed at the wind, the vibration increasing as the source emerged from the clouds as though by magic: an enormous, shimmering pecan-colored oval against the sky’s palette of white and blue. At the vehicle’s rear were a series of rotating fins within an immense ring – the source of the sound they had initially heard; and supported by cables underneath the balloon, for that was the term that came closest to describing what they observed, was what appeared to be a massive enclosed boat, which was half the length of the oval.
Behind it came another, smaller in size, but of the same color, and behind that one was a third in silver-gray. A fourth and a fifth appeared a short time afterward – their designs and sizes again varying, with one having a shark-like appearance with sails and metal fins, and the other gliding along as though maneuvered by the wind alone. More followed, and by the time the twelfth and final vehicle came into view, the ground rumbled with more ferocity as each vessel soared miles above Team Guy, then banked towards the east, some at a higher altitude, some circling, and others including the first one beginning their descent.
Lee’s eyes grew larger if that was possible. “What in the world?”
“Wow!” Tenten kept blinking her eyes, knowing this was no dream.
Neji shook his head. “I’ve never seen anything like this.”
Guy’s smile had grown even broader. “No one in Konohagakure has seen anything like this in twenty years. Now you can better understand why the clearing Lady Tsunade ordered is as large as it is. Wait until you see them all up-close.”
“So the people are inside the balloons?” Lee asked in amazement. Like his teammates, he had never seen a flying machine before.
“Some of them are, but some are in those contraptions underneath. They’re called gondolas, but I imagine the largest balloons have space in the hull or the lining for the passengers and crew. Oh, the times Kakashi and I would go onboard when we were invited. We never got to ride in one, but…Well, enough of my reminiscing or we’ll be standing here all day. We have a parade to attend. Get a move on! I’ll see you in an hour!”
“Yes Guy-Sensei,” came the simultaneous replies and the three sped off, although on occasion, they caught themselves looking off to where the airships filled the skies over the Village, and they once again wondered who or what these Britons were.
****************************************************************************************************
“And King Edward IX begins its’ final approach, Admiral,” Lieutenant Henry Marshall – also known as Harry – called out as he followed the readings from his position as first navigator on the flagship of that name. “One hundred kilometers to the landing site; weather is still clear, and we’re beginning our descent pattern.”
“Thank you, Lieutenant.” And to the helmsman: “Steady as we go, Lieutenant.”
“Steady as we go, ma’am.”
The admiral stepped down from the com, arms folded, and moved to where the chief pilot rotated the brass wheel operating the vessel’s main steering controls.
“The Olympic, the Sovereign, and the Mauretania are standing by, ma’am,” her communications officer said, as the voice levels on the bridge increased with more directions and orders. “The Britannic and Majestic, the Victoria, Saint George and Aquitania are in holding patterns…”
“Landing crews make ready,” the Admiral ordered.
“Landing crews at the ready, ma’am.”
“OFFICERS ON THE BRIDGE!”
Henry sprang to attention upon hearing the pronouncement, a slight smile pulling at his lips when he saw two females step from the lift and onto the quarterdeck, salute, then make their way down the oak staircase to where the fleet commander stood. He was well acquainted with the new arrivals, both of whom still wore their more casual traveling outfits, having not yet changed into the more formal parade uniforms. And while the youngest appeared to dance with every step, the eldest moved more gracefully as befitted her position, although her eyes betrayed her excitement. Henry had seen the unmistakable twinkle when she passed him, discreetly returning his smile.
That was an expression he had known his entire life, the one revealing that his beloved older sister was thrilled beyond belief at this adventure in a land they had only studied.
“Admiral Jessig, thank you again for inviting us to the bridge.”
“Noble Lady Kathryn and Lady Tessa. It is once more a privilege having you and your family on-board Her Majesty’s flagship. I believe you and Her Ladyship will get an excellent view of our approach if you position yourselves at the port windows. I am certain you will want to see their most famous landmark as we flyover.”
“The Windsor, the Parliament and the Empress of Bharata await their orders, Admiral,” communications advised.
“Notify all ships captains to begin their landing procedures when safe to do so.”
“Aye Admiral.”
An eager fifteen-year-old Tessa rushed to one of the single panes which made up the bridge’s viewing windows and peered out, her neck stretched as though hoping to see even further than she could. She motioned with one hand. “Kathryn! Kathryn!” and she indicated the lush forests and undulating multi-colored landscape below them. “Oh my God, isn’t it beautiful?”
“I think everything we’ve seen so far has been beautiful, hasn’t it?” her sister remarked as she stood beside her.
“I just never realized it would look like this. You know, I’m not certain what I expected. I studied the topography; saw Papa and Mama’s photographs from when they were here. And I heard someone say it’s exotic, although I’m never sure what is meant by that.”
Kathryn laughed, her small turned-up nose crinkling. “It’s another of those words people use because you go ‘Oooo…exotic’ and your mind conjures up dark and mysterious and dangerous.”
“Well, I told Michael and Harry I love the name.”
“Name? Oh! Konohagakure? Or Konoha?”
“I like those too, but I meant the other, the Village Hidden Among the Leaves. Leaf Village. That sounds exotic. Or romantic, don’t you think?”
“Perhaps romantic as if from a poem. Konohagakure, Konoha,” and Kathryn then mouthed ‘Village Hidden Among the Leaves’.
From childhood, Kathryn tried to visualize this Leaf Village whenever her parents spoke of their time during those long-ago Games. When she was little, she often renamed it the Emerald Village as she mentally constructed a world all in greens with never ending springs and summers, and trees with leaves so abundant, one did not know they had arrived at their destination until they were at the village gates. She came to think of it as a magical place similar to a fairy tale her parents would read to regale her and her siblings at bedtime. But it was a land where instead of kings or queens, and chivalrous knights and fair ladies, there were leaders called Hokage who put their lives on the line for their people. There were Ninja – male and female – who were the knight-protectors and possessors of great abilities and powers akin to magic. There was even the occasional villain because no great epic was without a villain or two.
Kathryn could not have asked for better stories to fall asleep to, especially when she realized her own destiny, both as a Briton and as a member of the Marshall family. Once she accepted her responsibilities, she prayed to be as brave and honorable as her noble ancestors or those distant Ninja from that Village Hidden Among the Leaves.
And now she would meet a real Hokage. She would meet even more real Ninja, something that would have remained a fantasy until almost a year ago when that message arrived for her Queen.
She blinked, realizing what she saw coming into view was not her imagination. “Tessa…”
Tessa moved closer to her sister, one arm going about the oldest one’s waist. “Wow! Oh wow! It’s as Mama and Papa described it.”
“Indeed it is,” Kathryn responded as the miles of trees gave way, and as in her childhood dreams, the Village instantaneously appeared once the airship had descended from the clouds: buildings both ancient and new with a network of streets threaded among them; spots of blue indicating lakes and streams were dispersed among the greens of parks and gardens, but all appeared miniature as the ship streaked overhead. “Oh, look, Tessa.”
“The mountainside,” Tessa gasped.
“OFFICER ON THE BRIDGE!”
Quick greetings were made between the latest arrival and the Admiral, and in moments, a tall, elegant young man joined them, towering over both females.
Tessa gave her oldest brother a hug. “Michael! Good morning – and look.”
“Morning! You arrived just in time,” Kathryn told him, greeting her brother for the first time that busy day. “There it is.”
“Exactly as we’ve been told all our lives.” It was his turn to admire the sloping surface on which were carved in minute detail the enormous sculptures of the Hokages of Konohagakure.
“Watching over their people,” Kathryn whispered.
“Gives you goosebumps, doesn’t it?” Tessa’s question was filled with admiration. “I can’t wait to get down there.”
Despite the uneventfulness of the four days of flight, and the opportunity to fall into a routine outside her usual one, Kathryn was eager to land so she could touch the ground once more. While she enjoyed that unrestrained feeling involved in flying, traveling in the air for over six thousand kilometers had worn on her nerves.
“It won’t be long,” Michael assured Tessa. “And are you prepared to give them a show, Kitten?”
“Absolutely! I’ll be wearing my brand new top hat that Mama gave me as a going-away present. Wait until you see it. It has bits of clockwork and you’ll love the way the veil flutters behind me when we’re riding.”
Michael gave her a kiss on the forehead, while noting that Kathryn was still watching out the window, her features pensive. “You are such a child sometimes, Kitten. I suppose sergeants don’t get to wear such frivolities every day, do they?”
She giggled and rolled her eyes. “Of course not. You’re silly, Michael. But it’ll be nice to not wear my uniform every day.” Her back straightened and she became so much more serious that the innocent image from a few seconds before vanished. “I just hope that there will be some archers that will really challenge me when we compete. I don’t like things handed to me.” She stepped to another window, her attention drawn to a meadow dotted with deer.
Michael walked to Kathryn’s side. “This is our childhood dream come alive, isn’t it?”
Kathryn traced a finger along the window frame. “It really is.” When she looked up into his face, she smiled as his eyes transformed from an iridescent blue to emerald green. “Your irises are at it again,” she joked.
“Are they? I never know until I look in a mirror,” he grinned. “Lord knows what color they’ll be by the time I’m in uniform.”
“Must be nice,” Kathryn teased.
“Having eyes that change color to compliment whatever you’re wearing or whatever mood you’re in.” She turned away from him.
“What can I say? It’s a gift.” Michael cleared his throat, fingers combing through his short reddish hair. “I thought, before we landed, I thought I might again mention…”
But Kathryn was already shaking her head, and although in profile, the calm on her face switched to annoyance. “Michael…”
“Just…think about it.”
“Why?” Not wishing for everyone on the bridge to hear their conversation, she kept her voice low.
“Because Her Majesty asked it of you.”
“Asked but did not command. Suggested but did not order,” she reminded him.
“Yes,” he whispered, “suggested, as both your sovereign and your kinswoman. Kathryn…there can be nothing wrong in taking a look at him. Who knows?”
She sighed. What did she think earlier about the trip being uneventful? It had been, unless one of the peerage traveling with them (and on occasion, Michael, and to a lesser extent Harry) decided to raise the topic that rankled her nerves. She had heard it often before their departure and during the journey, and now she was prepared to throttle the next person who raised the issue. “He must be a child.”
“No, he and his cousin, the eldest daughter of Lord Hiashi, are both of marriageable age. We’ve told you that.” He knew Kathryn was offering up arguments to deflect the issue. “There’s only a few years difference between your ages. And I think Harry is delighted to meet the young lady.”
“Harry is delighted to meet any young lady.”
“Kathryn.” Michael tried not to laugh, although he knew the statement to be true.
“Michael.” She turned to catch one final glimpse of the mountainside as they floated out of range. There was silence between the siblings as she considered her options, reasoning her way through every possibility as she did with anything momentous. “Neji Hyuga,” she uttered.
“He’s a born genius, one of the most gifted Ninja they’ve ever seen. There’s already mention of him becoming a jonin in the near future, perhaps even while we’re here. You are doubtless looking at a future Hokage. He’s supposedly attractive…”
“The Queen said that too.” She knew Michael felt no need in repeating the other attribute given to her ad nauseum: that Neji Hyuga was from a branch of one of the finest clans in Konohagakure, although there had been or were family issues. She could do Intel as well as anyone. While studying them felt akin to constructing a jigsaw puzzle, Kathryn obtained one vital piece of information. These Hyugas did not appear to have a history of peace and harmony with each other. For someone like her, for whom family meant everything, it was difficult to fathom.
“Well, she knows a possible future mate should make you happy in every aspect of a long lasting relationship. Cousin Lilibet loves you, cares for you, and that’s why she made the suggestion, if you would be so inclined. It might make for a good alliance. You might even find you have feelings for him if the opportunity arises. You don’t know. You won’t know unless…”
He took one of her hands. She was his favorite, as much as he loved and adored his other brothers and sisters, so when the lords mentioned they would broach the issue to her once more before their arrival, Michael volunteered for the loathsome duty as it only seemed right. At least – unlike with one of the peers – she might not challenge him to a duel. Might not.
“Kathryn, look, just meet with him, dance with him, talk to him at the party tonight. I’m certain he’ll be there. If in the end, you feel nothing, then no one will obligate you…”
“You won’t leave me alone until I say yes, will you?” she mumbled.
He could tell her temper had swelled, even as tears threatened her eyes. He hated asking, he hated pushing. He knew that Kathryn was her own woman, and while their Queen would never pressure her into a marriage against her will, the ‘suggestion’ to meet someone while these indirect mentions of contracts and obligations crept about in the background was enough to send her into an understandable frenzy.
Kathryn nodded, returning her attention to the scenery outside the window.
“I’ve ruined the day, haven’t I?” The words were remorseful. My poor little sister. I’m so sorry.
“No. No, you just made me remember I can never put my duties aside for one single moment, can I?” Rubbing the insides of her eyes with a thumb and index finger, she muttered “Neji Hyuga” once more in an attempt to become accustomed to the name before taking a deep breath. She gave Michael a quick kiss on his cheek and tried to smile. “We’ll be landing soon. I’d better start getting ready. Tessa? Come on Kitten. We need to get dressed. We’ve got a parade to attend, don’t we?”
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What's next? Ep. 110: Chit-Chat, F'ing WADADA and L'Enfant! Cancelar 10
By Josh & Mike
Uncovering Unexplained Mysteries
Ep. 109: Charles Mule (Pedo Cop) & Eva Schoen (Murdered U-Haul Heiress)
Movies, TV and shows
Ep. 109: Charles Mule (Pedo Cop) & Eva Schoen (Murdered U-Haul Heiress) description
New "Dancing with Ghosts" band T-shirts out now! click here to check them out: https://dancingwithghosts2.bandcamp.com/merch Consider supporting us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/UncoveringUnexplainedMysteries --------------------------------------- Annnnddddd we're back to Unsolved Mysteries! We may return to some cult-like activities in the future. On this episode we talk about a police officer working in the statutory rape department of the police force who was taking advantage of girls... yeah... this world sucks. Next we talk about the mysteries murder of the founder of U-Haul's wife, Eva Schoen. --------------------------------------- For more Josh & Mike, but separate, check them out on YouTube: Josh: www.youtube.com/DancingWithGhosts Mike: www.youtube.com/OCPCommunications
More episodes Uncovering Unexplained Mysteries
Ep. 110: Chit-Chat, F'ing WADADA and L'Enfant!
Ep. 111: Mindless Chit-Chat, The Boston Strangler and The Unabomber!
Ep. 112: Seattle Arsonist, Cognitech, Zip Gun Bomber & Televangelist Bomber!
Ep. 113: Robert Arcieri (Conman Douche) & Dale Hyde (Child Beater)
Ep. 114: The Zodiac Killer & Mike's Craft Store Crisis!
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Volvo's Inflatable Child Seat Concept Fits in a Backpack
At one time the military actually tried to develop inflatable planes that were strong enough to fly, but easy to transport. Those never materialized, but the technology involved—a drop-stitch fabric that can be inflated to very high pressures—has enabled Volvo to create an inflatable child car seat that's just as safe as everything already on the market.
Using a built-in silent pump, the can be fully inflated in less than 40 seconds at the push of a button. It can be deflated the same way, and when folded down can easily squeeze into a backpack. Ask any parent who's had to lug a child's car seat when flying, and they'll tell you that's a brilliant innovation.
At just over eleven pounds the inflatable seat is a lot lighter as well. And the electronics that control the air pump are Bluetooth-enabled, which means that you could, at least in theory, inflate and deflate it from a smartphone app.
At the moment Volvo has no plans of making the seat a commercially available product. Right now it's mostly a proof-of-concept from the company's research labs. But it's a great idea, and hopefully there will be enough positive feedback for the company to actually make it a reality—after exhaustive testing, of course. [Volvo]
Data of Nearly Every Adult in Bulgaria Likely Stolen in Cyberattack
Jennings Brown
Recent from Andrew Liszewski
Mattel Is Bringing Back the Original Vintage He-Man Figures Now Packed With Articulation
Mozilla's Tweaking Firefox's Password Manager to Tell You When Saved Logins Have Been Stolen
Stare in Awe and Wonder at This Gigantic $575 Transformers Unicron Figure
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Bartcop Is Wrong: There, I said it!
I started reading Bartcop back in 1998. A friend of mine emailed me the link while I was working on a major computer network project at the University of Minnesota. After ten years of Bartcop, I’ll proudly claim my “expert” pin and I’ll have me another Chinaco Anejo thank you very much.
Anybody who’s read Bartcop knows he’s stuck with President Clinton through the thick and the thin. All of us “Bartcoppers” did. We still fail to understand how a sexual encounter with a small town whore warrants impeachment. Especially when President Bush can lie to the American people about Weapons of Mass Destruction, produce counterfeited material to the UN Security Counsel and still manages to get a free pass from the Democrats.
Bart’s been a relentless loyal Clintonite and all of us wish a return to the days of a balanced budget, low unemployment and a $200 Quadrillion budget surplus. And for that alone, I salute him.
But for Bart, it’s an all-or-nothing approach. During this Primary and Caucus Election season, Bart’s been shooting blanks at those who are supporting Barack Obama. And to me, that’s just plain crap. Especially if he’s going to throw out this kind of trash:
GOP Bloggers for Obama
For the next month or so, the conservative valentines will arrive every day at Obama HQ. His image will be illuminated by the bipartisan aura of admiration from prominent Republican commentators and strategists, as they savor the promise of his victory over Hillary, long the object of their hatred. He may well imagine that they really like him – and surely some of them do, at least for now.
William Kristol wants superdelegates to do “the good deed” of pledging their ballots to him,
George Will urges Democrats to choose him as “the party’s most potentially potent nominee,”
Peggy Noonan promises that he will be “bulletproof” against Republican attack.
Yet somehow, the Obamaniax refuse to address those questions – why?
Why can’t they see the trap the GOP bastards are setting?
Worse, why can’t they see it AFTER we point it out to them?
They don’t want to see it, don’t want to hear it – they want to pretend it’s not there.
The “don’t want to see it, don’t want to hear it” Democrats are gambling with America’s future.
Are we OK with that?
Bart’s making the case that GOP media whores like Bill Kristol, George Will and Peggy Noonan who’ve thrown their support for Barack Obama should be a clear sign that the GOP an obvious trap set. Apparently, Barack Obama supporters are far too stupid for Old Bart because they — “don’t want to see it, don’t want to hear it”. Obamaniax are apparently far too immature to pretend that [the alleged GOP-trap] doesn’t exist. Of course, Obamaniax are simple blind Lemmings who’re willing to “gambling with America’s future“!! …Frittering away the old Red, White and Blue..!
Well, that claim is nothing short of reckless (let alone unwarranted). Because if I had to think of a Republican who uses Fear Tactics to push a politcal agenda, who would come to mind? What famous American uses his State of the Union Speeches to sell Fear and Terrorism in his politics?! Hrmmmm….
If Old Bartcop’s logic held true, wouldn’t supporting the GOP support for Hillary Clinton be a much bigger problem for all of us?
Ann Coulter has endsored Hillary Clinton. The Borg Queen of All Whores endorsement is obvious: Coulter’s sales for her collected works of “Slime and Sludge” are way down. Get the Clinton’s back into the Oval Office so more trees can be chopped down and be turned into four more years of NYT bestsellers for “The Man” Coulter.
Rupert Murdoch, CEO of Everything Faux, has held huge fund-raisers for Hillary Clinton. Never mind the ethics behind something like that; but does she really have to snuggle up to that Old Goat for a Sugar Daddy? He endorsed Clinton back in November 06 by the way. If that doesn’t tell you something about the GOP and Hillary being their political “meat puppet”, I don’t know what will!
Andrew Sullivan, he’s gay and a long standing ultra-conservative; and even Andy has gone out to call for conservatives to endorse Hillary. Andy in fact, goes out of his way to note that Hillary’s more conservative than any of those on the GOP ticket!
The New York Whore Times editorial board has endorsed Hillary. If ever there was a GOP funded editorial board, it’s been the New York Times!! How many times has Bart called the Times “media whores”?!” Can anybody get me that spreadsheet?!
But then comes along Bart’s old and wise “Oracle”: Marc Perkel.
Perkel, claiming to be “The most dangerous minds on the Internet”, is really not much more than a generic blow-hard with a chip on his shoulder about everything except himself (and his best buddy Bart, of course). But Perkel does serve a benefit: He’s not all bad. On the rare occasion he’ll stumble down from “Mount Attitude” looking like a drunken debutante and puke up something like this:
Subject: Some Democrats sound like Republicans
Obama supporters are making a serious mistake talking about the Clintons
the way Republicans talk about them. The last time Democrats talked about the Clintons that way was 1994.
Democrats in Congress were convinced by the news media that the Clintons were poison. The Democrats fell for it and distanced themselves. We all know what happened then. The Democrats lost Congress to the Republicans for the next 12 years.
If Obama supporters keep this up he may win the primary, but he’s not going to win the general election. When Democrats talk like Republicans, Republicans win.
Marc Perkel
San Bruno, CA.
(Highlights are mind… Lovely, aren’t they?)
Ahh yes. It’s obvious Marc Perkel’s crystal ball is in fine working order! What makes him think that Obama won’t win the General Election? Better question: “Why is Hillary a guaranteed win in the General Election while Obama is apparently a guaranteed loss?”
“Hey Perkel; thanks for thinkin’ like a “Liberal Democrat” Dude!!
From now on, when we need an opinion from a Butt-Plug like you; we’ll text-message you!!”
BTE ME A@@HLE!
In fact, the very reason we shouldn’t vote for Hillary is because it’s having an odd affect on the Republican voters out there. The more momentum Barack Obama gets, the less interested the GOP voters are out there who’ll vote against her!
Last Sunday on Meet the Press, Robert Novak of über-media whore fame admitted live on television to writing these words:
“Amid the exciting windup of the race for the Democratic presidential nomination and the mop-up of the Republican contest, the reality is that 2008 shapes up as a very bad year for the GOP. The fact that the Democratic turnout in yesterday’s Virginia primary was double the Republican reflects the larger, more boisterous Democratic rallies from Iowa to the Potomac primaries. The pessimism and gloom in the business community is particularly pronounced.”
“Adding to the dark mood among Republicans is the increasing prospect that they will not be able to bolster their morale by running against the detested Sen. Hillary Clinton (D-N.Y.). Her unification of Republicans has been one of the few GOP assets going into the campaign. It will take time and effort to work up a passion against the likable Sen. Barack Obama (D-Ill.) no matter how leftist he really is.”
The transcript of the dialogue is available on MSNBC servers here. Highlights are still, fabulously mine.
Novak makes a valid point. The GOP “Hate Machine” has been as well oiled as long as Hillary’s election campaign. They’ve been expecting Hillary and they’ve surmised her every move. While Hillary was picking her election campaign’s captains and colonels as far back as 2000 and 2004, the GOP was busy grooming their own “Joseph Goebbels” throughout the media empire. Unthinking that there might be an alternate candidate for the Dems, the GOP became severely handicapped: All that grooming was wasted.
Novak isn’t alone in that thinking (so I know I’m my bottle of Anejo isn’t empty, yet). Last Wednesday, the Cincinnati Enquirer wrote a piece called Ohio GOP roots for Hillary:
One of the worst-kept secrets of the Ohio presidential primary is that Republican party leaders have a candidate they are rooting for on the Democratic side.
Her name is Hillary Clinton, and they believe that if she wins the Ohio primary and goes on to become the Democratic nominee, she will be the one who unites their dispirited and divided party and give them their best chance of keeping the White House this fall.
It is a belief that the Clinton campaign says is wrong-headed and they will campaign across the state for the next three weeks making the argument that their battle-tested, experienced candidate is the only one who can go toe-to-toe with John McCain, the presumptive GOP nominee this fall.
The Devil can be found in the third paragraph. The Clinton campaign plays defense for Ohio Republicans hatred toward her! And that makes Bartcop wrong.
Bart whines about stories like these. Even if the Press is supporting Hillary Clinton’s campaign for President. In fact, Bart will grab any lame-brained excuse to whine about Clinton being poorly treated and patently ignores it when the Press unfairly portrays Barack Obama.
Ladies and Gays (and str8 dudes too)!! …I give you Paul Krugman in piece called “Hate Springs Eternal“:
I won’t try for fake evenhandedness here: most of the venom I see is coming from supporters of Mr. Obama, who want their hero or nobody. I’m not the first to point out that the Obama campaign seems dangerously close to becoming a cult of personality. We’ve already had that from the Bush administration – remember Operation Flight Suit? We really don’t want to go there again.
What’s particularly saddening is the way many Obama supporters seem happy with the application of “Clinton rules” – which means the way some news organization treat any action or statement by the Clintons, no matter how innocuous, as proof of evil intent.
Hmmm, some news organizations?
That would be FOX News, CNN, CBS, NBC, ABC, NYWhore Times, WaHoPo, DailyKos, Air America Radio, TIME, NEWSWEEK, Meet the Whore, Face the Whore, This Whore, Consortiumnews, Huffingtonpost (I can’t begin to list them all) and most every “liberal” web site.
And he means that “mind-reading” I’ve been talking about.
(Yes, you caught that too? Even though the NY Times has thrown their endorsement into Hillary’s KOA and not into Obama’s, McCain’s or Huckabee’s: Bart will still hate the Times and call them “A Whore”because it’s easy and a cheap-shot. He’ll even whine about those media sources who are friendly to his cause, if it’ll keep Bartcop on the radar-screen.)
Now a look at Charles Krauthammer one week later who ran this piece called “The Audacity of Selling Hope“:
ABC’s Jake Tapper notes the “Helter-Skelter cult-ish qualities” of “Obama worshipers,” what Joel Stein of the Los Angeles Times calls “the Cult of Obama.” Obama’s Super Tuesday victory speech was a classic of the genre. Its effect was electric, eliciting a rhythmic fervor in the audience — to such rhetorical nonsense as “We are the ones we’ve been waiting for. (Cheers, applause.) We are the change that we seek.”
That was too much for Time’s Joe Klein. “There was something just a wee bit creepy about the mass messianism,” he wrote. “The message is becoming dangerously self-referential. The Obama campaign all too often is about how wonderful the Obama campaign is.”
You might dismiss as hyperbole the complaint by the New York Times‘s Paul Krugman that “the Obama campaign seems dangerously close to becoming a cult of personality.” Until you hear Chris Matthews, who no longer has the excuse of youth, react to Obama’s Potomac primary victory speech with “My, I felt this thrill going up my leg.” When his MSNBC co-hosts tried to bail him out, he refused to recant. Not surprising for an acolyte who said that Obama “comes along, and he seems to have the answers. This is the New Testament.”
Krauthammer’s last paragraph in the piece:
Democrats are worried that the Obama spell will break between the time of his nomination and the time of the election, and deny them the White House. My guess is that he can maintain the spell just past Inauguration Day. After which will come the awakening. It will be rude.
Calling Obama supporters cult-like is “The New Thing” fresh off the GOP’s propaganda press. (Remember, they’re new to slamming Barack. Slapping Obama supporters and calling them stupid crap is just the beginning. In a few more months, they’ll be talking all kinds of nonsense.) Crooks and Liars caught a CNN piece from their very lame “Situation Room” where Carol Costello offers a Fox News imitation of Obama supporters who look like “the Moonies” in a piece titled “creepy”. But where’s Bart is this?
Nowhere!
What does he care? He’ll be front and center if Randi Rhodes and Ed Shultz talks badly about Hillary. But if there’s bad-mouthing to be done on Obama… So freaking what?!
What Bart (and his Goddess in Chief) have failed to do was to recognize that the American public, both Red and Blue, are fed up with what both the Bush and the Clinton camps have left us….all of us: A mess. A disaster.
Let’s be honest here: Those levies in New Orleans were in pretty bad shape before GW Bush took over, and yet nobody has blamed Bill Clinton for not fixing those levvies with that “$200 quadrillion surplus”.
Barack made “Change” from all of this crap we face something that’s front and center of his campaign. And it was a brilliant move politically. “Change” isn’t a change in the Bush Cartel, Obama’s “Change” comes from all of it: Including the Clinton Dynasty, the Reagan Dynasty and the Carter and the Nixon Dynasties. From the beginning of his campaign he published “The Audacity of Hope; Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream“, which was brilliantly titled as well as it was written. Unlike Bill Clinton who admitted to smoking pot, but avoiding “inhaling” it, Barack threw his adolescent drug use out there in his book for all to see and criticize. If you’re a Democrat; “Inhaling” is completely Out and “Honesty” is totally In…Dude.
Meanwhile Hillary Clinton thought she could sing for her supper and she decided on “Aud Lang Syne” as her tune du jour. Clinton’s campaign tour de force includes the same ghostly faces as her husband had at his dispoal; Harold Ickles, Bob Nash, Howard Wolfson… Her campaign is simply a re-hash of the ’90’s. Even Clinton’s last two books screams her campaign platform in their titles alone: “An Invitation to the White House: At Home with History” and “Living History“. It’s a rerun of VH1’s “I Love the 90’s”, but with uglier politicians and sluttier whores.
Both campaigns are brilliant, both extremely competitive. I have a great deal of respect for Senator Clinton and Senator Obama. If Hillary gets the nomination, I would be proud to be an American to cast the first vote for a woman for President of the United States. But since Obama is giving Clinton a serious run for her money, Bart has decided that ripping the crap out of Obama’s campaign will give Hillary that “extra boost” she needs. Even if that crap-ripping is undeserved. And that’s why Bart is wrong.
I don’t think I’m not alone in noting that Hillary’s opportunistic personality causes many Obama supporters concerned about her tenure as a President. From the beginning, Hillary has been making mistakes or acting inappropriately, something I’ve already touched on. And that’s why Bart has concentrated on weeks and weeks of Barack-Bitching.
He’ll ignore her campaign mistakes, gloss over her back-tracking and keep focused on Barack Obama’s skin-color and twitter around..”rationalizing whether or not the Democrats have a “civil war” going on or not.” (Call it poetic, even metaphorical, but don’t forget to call it what it really is: “Really Really Pathetic”.)
And what about that black vote? Something the Democrats always encourage is for our African-American neighbors to get out and vote. And, to be honest, they rarely do! While Southern white Democrats from Oklahoma (that’s you Bart) all the way to Georgia struggle with their conscious whether they can drag themselves to vote for a black man for president; their hand-wringing days are over: Roll out the African-American vote:
Hillary Clinton‘s black supporters — especially the most prominent ones — hadn’t expected their candidate to be in a dogfight right now. They thought Barack Obama was an election cycle or two away from being serious presidential timber. They thought Bill Clinton‘s presidency and the close relationships the Clintons had forged with African Americans would translate into goo-gobs of votes in ’08. They were wrong.
Remember all the commentator chatter last summer: Is Barack Obama black enough?
Well, he’s black enough now.
We’re all sick of Bush’s Oil War. We’re all fed up with W’s incompetence and his 3rd Grade level of diction for the English language. We’re all pissed as hell by Bush’s Texas-sized “Good Old Boys Club” and we’re sick to death of perverted bathroom-stalking Republicans and spineless whining Democrats.
For the first time, the Democrats have given the GOP something they don’t know how to handle, his name is Barack Obama. The GOP knows how to handle Hillary, but they’re stumped as to what to do about Barack.
But who cares about the GOP? Their guy, Johnny Mac, is hated. He’s regarded as a liberal who hangs out with that Liberal Loser Joe “Droopy the Dog” Lieberman. They’re all aware that McCain is severely hot tempered. Mike Huckabee’s GI Josephine action figure, Chuck Norris says that McCain is too old! His message is reviled by the American public; “100 years in Iraq is fine with me!” smacks badly on the US citizens.
While Barack Obama draws crowds of 20,000 who’ve stood in lines that are literally miles long to see him in Minneapolis, their guy Johnny Mac sniffles and slithers in to meet his followers in hotel meeting rooms and tells them he doesn’t know anything about the economy. And while Hillary is speaking to uproarious crowds in Texas about her platform of change, their guy Johnny Mac is whimpering for an endorsement from George Bush’s…”Dad“.
Bart’s wrong to continuously rip on Obama and he’s wrong to suggest that Obama can’t win the general election. And spending hundreds of hours complaining about Obama and whining because his beloved Clinton is staggering in the campaign; well…that’s just sad and pathetic.
We still love ya Bart! Keep hammerin’! Just don’t think you’re gonna smack Obama without a few of us comin’ back at cha. Don’t be messin’ with my Barack and I won’t mess with your girl Hillary. We’re all family… So come on and let’s kick some GOP arse! We’re all family! You can even bring your little friend “Butt-Plug” along with you!!
Filed under: Uncategorized | Tagged: 4892062, Andrew Sullivan (Atlantic Monthly), Ann Coulter, ash, Barack Obama (D-IL), Bartcop, Bill Clinton (D-US President), Bill Kristol (R-Fox News idiot), Bush Administration, Bush Crime Family, butt-plugs, Charles Krauthammer (GOP Whore), Chinao Anejo, Chuck Norris (GOP Whore), Democrats, George H.W. Bush (R-Read My Lips), George W Bush (Idiot), George Will (GOP Whore), Harold Ikles, Hillary Clinton (D-NY), Howard Wolfson, idiots, Jake Tapper (ABC's GOP Whore), Joe Klein (Time Mag's GOP Whore), Joe Lieberman (ID - CT), John McCain (Senator), Joseph Goebbles (Nazi Propagandist), Marc Perkel (Drunk Oracle), Mike Huckabee (R), New York Times, passionate arguments, Paul Krugman (GOP Whore), Peggy Noonan, political debates, Republicans, Robert Novak (GOP Whore), Rupert Murdoch, Uncategorized | 3 Comments »
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Meet Marco, Fuel Medical’s Search Engine Optimization Specialist
Marco dishes on why he wanted to work at Fuel Medical and how his work on an American League team turned into something very special!
1. What do you do at Fuel Medical?
I am a search engine specialist. I optimize the code and content of websites and I manage the marketing of websites for both paid and organic search engine results. Check out my article, SEO & SEM: Search Strategy Alignment for Digital Success to learn more.
2. When did you start working at Fuel Medical and what made you want to work here?
I started working at Fuel in March 2017. It was the forward-thinking culture that initially drew me to the company because taking an innovative approach is so important in my field due to the constantly changing digital landscape. We can adapt as trends and technology continue to evolve while we grow and move forward.
3. What type of experience do you have in the digital landscape?
Professionally, I have been working on websites for about eight years. My roles have included being a project manager, designer, developer and marketer. They all have played a part in the development of my current role as a search engine specialist.
4. What’s the most surprising job you’ve had?
I worked for the Seattle Mariners in the mid-90s when they finally started making it to the playoffs. It was great because I grew up wanting to be a pro baseball player and now I can say that I used to be on a major league baseball team’s payroll.
5. What is something you enjoy doing outside of work?
My interest in baseball has rubbed off on my daughter, who plays softball. I help coach the team she plays on. She plays with a great group of girls who don’t mind putting in the work to improve. It’s fun to see them grow as players.
Call our team (360) 210-5658 or fill out this form and we will provide you with more resources about Fuel Medical:
Employee Spotlight Articles
Employee Spotlight Meet Theo Marais, Senior Marketing Manager Employee Spotlight Jess Fern, Professional Development Specialist Employee Spotlight Meet Jeremy Weaver, Regional Manager Employee Spotlight Meet Evan Allan, Fuel Medical’s Business and Data Analyst
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Burial Plot Westminster CO 80260
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Avatar offers quality, personalized service to meet your needs and takes pride in offering around-the-clock professional service to Palm Beach County and surrounding areas of Florida. But the reality that I found is that modern crematories are really industrial environments. And you - the body goes into large industrial machines and often times, I was the only one there. I can't tell you how many times a family has asked for a 12K or more funeral yet had zero dollars to pay for it. When that happens, they almost always blame the funeral home for scamming them. Number our days, means order our lives, set our priorities right. Heart of wisdom, make sense of our short life. How do we do that? Out of all the career possibilities in the beauty world, seldom few venture to funerary services. Preparing a loved one for their funeral is both an art and a science, but it's definitely not the topic of conversation other than on Six Feet Under. Care of remains in climatically controlled environment (7 days including day of death)
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The Vampire Diaries [V]
Shows N-Z Vault
Damon Salvatore: He'll Kill You With His Smolder
By Lisin, January 21, 2014 in The Vampire Diaries [V]
lion10 852
I think an under appreciated part of Damon's character is where he started off morally. When he was human, he was already okay with Katherine being a vampire and killing people. He saw her murder a man on the road and then made out with her while she still had the man's blood on her mouth. That's where he started off. He didn't have the excuse of "vampire nature" back then. He came from a prominent family and his dad has never been implied to be abusive (aside from shooting his sons in the chest). He had essentially everything that someone could expect to want or have in the Civil War South. Mystic Falls was at peace.
With all the other characters, they become okay with killing after they're in a kill or be killed scenario or when they're still dealing with being a baby vamp. Not Damon, he was okay with killing innocent people long before.
Edited June 25, 2014 by lion10
truthaboutluv 28.6k
Brilliantly said. That's why I rolled my eyes so hard when the writers began their inevitable "redemption of Damon" with flashbacks showing how he didn't want to be a vampire without Katherine and Stefan was the one who suddenly went wild, having wild parties and murdering people all over the place when they first turned.
Like we were supposed to buy that Damon only wanted Katherine and she was the only reason he did all those things a and not because he's actually a sociopathic psycho with no regard for others' life. And that fact simply remained after he became a vampire.
Edited June 26, 2014 by truthaboutluv
scarynikki12 18.2k
Don't forget that the Salvatores owned slaves (even if the show likes to pretend they were the only plantation in the South that didn't) and Damon fought for the South in the Civil War, which was trying to preserve this massive human rights violation, deserting only because he wanted to bang Katherine and not because of a change of heart. So, even before meeting Katherine and embracing his inner monster pre-turning, Damon was perfectly fine with oppressing human beings on a massive scale. Becoming a vampire and continuing this behavior, with the added insult of eating those he oppresses, is actually a logical result of Damon's initial characterization. Him thinking that any human does not deserve to end up on his dinner table goes against what we know of him as a human and vampire. Not killing Elena makes sense as she has Katherine's face, but refraining from killing Liz, Matt, Bonnie, Jeremy (for real) or Alaric (for real) does not.
Cattitude 2.6k
Yes the Salvator FAMILY probably owned slaves, the slavery thing was a family deal so Damon and Stefan equally at fault for thinking that way in the culture they lived in. Though I've never seen present day Damon or Stefan be prejudice in any way.
Damon didn't desert the military he was on leave. One reason death wasn't as difficult for him to stomach is b/c he HAD faught in war. He'd probably seen much worse in battle.
Young Damon the human was presented as a boy who fell maddly in love with a manipulative vampire who manipulated him. His crime was being a willing victim. He loved her that much which was shown in Season 1 by his long standing love of her, which in some ways though he was compelled as a human Stefan did share in b/c vampire Stefan kept her picture close to him in his room which Elena found. Even knowing what Katherine had done to him Stefan still kept her picture.
Many young people fall so in love with someone they are willing to do things they might otherwise not for love. That whole scene with Katherine teaching Damon about how vampires feed illustrated that. If he was going to be a vampire he had to imbrace that.
Human Damon was very much presented as a regular old south boy, it is a stretch to say he would have been a psychopath if he would have stayed human.
Edited June 26, 2014 by Cattitude
It's one thing to kill your opponent in the heat of battle and something else entirely to be complicit in the premeditated murder of an innocent. Most people upon discovering that their partner was a remorseless killer would have some form of "I'm out". Almost everyone else on the series, including Klaus, have only become okay with killing after they became supes. Damon was already cool with killing people who weren't doing him any harm.
Imo, that hints at something dark about Damon from the get go. Damon was a grown man when he met Katherine. He can't claim that it's all due to Katherine's influence. Manipulation has limits.
I get why the Salvatores are borderline obsessed with Katherine.
Jads 57
By my calculations, Damon was 25 when he was turned into a vampire. This is based on the idea that it is 2012 in vampire diaries land (as they have only moved on 3 years in 5 seasons) and Damon's empassioned speech to Elena in 5x22. I know this is a total writing fail but Still.
Human Damon has never been particularly well sketched out. Sadly they skirted over his role in the civil war and the effects it had on him. Combat can have a huge effect on a person's mental health. I could definitely understand him becoming unhinged and willingly killing people with Katherine. This could easily be carried over into his vampire personality as becoming a vampire heightens your human traits.
I have never seen the 'abusive dad' thing either. After all, he killed both of his sons, surely that demonstrates no preference at all!
In my imagination, Damon was effected by the war and this has partly contributed to who he is. I can't see how he wouldn't be, but you are right we don't see any PTSD Damon. I think the whole civil war part was treated a bit too flippantly, but considering all the historical inaccuracies, maybe I am too picky.
That isn't to say that there isn't something innately psychotic within Damon which could have been triggered or made worse by the war. His dad was pretty clinical when he murdered his sons, maybe he inherited something from him (totally off on a tangent now!)
immortalfrieza 1.0k
What we saw was that Damon wasn't particularly upset by the bloodshed and violence from war because he never voiced anything about it, never had PTSD flashbacks or something similar, or anything related. He was just a very psychologically twisted individual and it seems to be innate. It seems like it was something that was always there. War doesn't explain why he was perfectly fine with letting his (at the time) 17/18 year old brother be compelled by a vampire (Katherine) and then get pissed at him because she turned him too. What explanation is there for why Damon, as the adult in the situation, didn't look out for his little brother?
When you throw in the fact that Katherine compelled Stefan like crazy the entire time so that his brain was practically mush by the time the brothers were actually turned, while Damon was obsessively in love with Katherine, it's not surprising that either brother was willing to do whatever she wanted and or they both ended up as psychotic as they both have been. That's under the assumption that Damon actually wasn't compelled as he claims (I find it hard to believe Katherine would let any of her puppets off the string so to speak, she's too paranoid for that) and isn't just in massive denial.
Either way, until we get some flashbacks that show that Damon was a puppy raping sociopath with a hair trigger temper even while human, I'm going to attribute Damon's ways to Katherine's influence, almost 2 centuries of self loathing, and a dash of vampire nature.
attribute Damon's ways to Katherine's influence,
I disagree. I think Damon did aspire to live up to the standard he and Katherine set in his final human days but after 150+ years, most of which were spent thinking she was locked in the tomb, his behavior is all on him. If it were mainly Katherine's influence he would have tried to change his ways when his obsession ended but he didn't. If anything, he seemed to get even more violent after their break up. There's also the Elena factor. If Damon's the type of guy who is heavily influenced by the object of his obsession, then he should have changed his behavior once he switched to Elena. Instead he maintains his monstrous behavior with the occasional line about how "Elena wouldn't like this". Now, we know from watching the show that Elena has never actually cared about vampires behaving like vampires, unless it directly effects her, but Damon doesn't. Her mad PR skills have been very effective on him and he's convinced that she's a good person who would never approve of serial killing and oppression of humans. So, if he's so convinced that Elena is this way, why hasn't he changed his behavior to please her? My only conclusion is that it's in his actual nature and, being a vampire, he gets to embrace it in a way that he couldn't fully when he was human. Katherine and Elena both being fine with it is incidental.
Well, seems to me like Damon doesn't have much of a personality of his own, he just does whatever he thinks the people he cares about would want him to do. Damon not only spends his final human days doing what Katherine wants, sparing the occasional moment to do what Stefan would want, he does the same thing for 150 years after he thinks she's trapped somewhere. Then Damon met Elena and became obsessively in love with her and shifted to doing what she would want, while fighting 150 years of bad habits on the side. The whole of Damon's character is he seems to become attached to others to an extreme degree, allows them dominate his life, and then loses it when it looks like he might lose them.
Edited June 29, 2014 by immortalfrieza
saoirse 16.4k
Some posts have been moved over to the Dysfunction Junction/Relationship topic, as they are about relationships.
miss-vanilla 209
Well he certainly didn't do what his Dad wanted him to do, or Stefan. He has also done plenty of things that he knew Elena "wouldn't like", so I disagree that his personality is shaped by his loved ones. Damon is his own person, and he lives by his own code for the most part. Of course, parts of his life are influenced by others, that is natural, but he is a maverick type personality.
Elena is a college student so I guess she is an adult now not some teenaged girl. The whole point of his feelings for Elena are that he cares enough about her to give him a reason to care about things. He still makes his own choices but when he was alone he never had anyone that was important enough to him to make him WANT to be protective. Damon had done plenty of good things before he knew Elena but he didn't really put much thought into it. Now he has hope for a happy life and he wants it, so she is the good in his life. She doesn't control him though he can still be bad, but she gives him a reason to look at life differently.
That is why he says she is an influence on him, everyone has people in their life that influence them. They don't control, but do have impact.
Damon is very charismatic and charming, the show always jokes that he doesn't have any friend, but in fact other than the MF judgie gang he charms most others into becoming quite friendly with him. Liz, Alaric, Rose, Enzo and many others through the years came to like Damon quite well b/c they see that he isn't as bad as he tries to let people think he is.
Would a maverick rely on his teenage girlfriend to keep himself from going off the rails and murdering people who did nothing to him?
He is basically saying that without you, I have no choice but to revert to killing random people. Without this teenage girl telling him to be "good", he won't be. That is exactly him being shaped by another person. He can't decide on his own.
Funny enough, Elena doesn't really give a damn if he kills or doesn't, but Katherine in this scene made him aware of how much unfair pressure and manipulation it is on her to literally be responsible for shaping him into a relatively good person.
Damon wasn't killing random people before Elena, that was Stefan. Damon was a vampire that was alone, walking the earth waiting and plotting for the time to release Kat from the tomb until he was betrayed by his family and captured by the Augustine society. Nothing in the FB scenes shows that Damon was an impulsive vampire, killing for fun, until the 70s FB, when he was sans humanity, in fact we were shown that he was a vampire that was killing for food or using the snatch, eat erase technique. Until he met sage in 1912 (50 yrs post turning) he was celibate, and just about surviving in a miserable existence, during which time Stefan had rippered his way through countless randoms.
The Augustine experiments and the ensuing Enzo stuff had a profound affect on Damons pysche, that was the point of that whole SL, granted, it could have been written better, but I don't think that Damon was this cynical, and mistrusting of humans prior to this.
People can argue about how badly he treated Caroline and Andie, but he was treated far worse by those who were actually HUMAN.
Damon did compel the hell out of Caroline and Andie, but it is what vampires do. They compel people to keep quiet and not tell their secret, and to not be afraid of them so that they can feed and blend into society, because he is a vampire! Is this morally right in the human world? no. Is he human? no. Is this a vampire show? yes! are we supposed to root for the vampires|? yes!
Damon is not particularly a "nice" guy, neither is Stefan, or Caroline or Tyler or Elena, they all do questionable things. Damon is portrayed as the anti-hero, a flawed character on the path to redemption. The story is not complete yet for any of them.
Exactly, and we have to remember that this speech was KAT, not Elena speaking to Damon. Elena is well aware of Damon's shortcomings, and she is also aware of his efforts to be the "better man", but she knows who he is, she is not blind to his faults, but she knows that the dark parts of Damon do not define him, and that ther is much more to him than that. The whole Katelena break up was the undoing of him because he thought he had lost not only her love, but her unshaking belief in him that she had always shown him, THAT was the issue. Even when he was at his worst in S1, she always understood him, even after everything he did to her and Jer, she still believed in him, and he thought all that was gone, and that he had lost HER, as a being in his life, and that if she could not forgive him then he must be the monster that the Augustine society and everyone else had told him he was for years, only this time it mattered to him, because he had let his humanity in, he had begun to feel again, he had let down his walls of trust that he had built up only to be let down again. All he left after that was his vampirism and Enzo and the revenge plan, . The wall went back up, only this time he didn't flip the switch, he felt every moment of it.
fantique 1.3k
When I am commenting on Damon in this thread, what I am analysing is the writing of the character, the portrayal and the over all character arc. I am not here to debate whether i like him or if he is better than Stefan (that is all subjective and there is no need to justify it this is entertainment, not politics). So I guess what comes next might be gauche but there is no offense meant and I am sure the mods will tell me if I am going too far.
I agree with all the stuff said about Damon not being a great guy and being ok with since he is a vampire and won't change that much which means crying over spilt milk is 10 times stupider. That's fine but then saying that because he is a vampire, he acts horribly negates the feeling that he is owning up to his ways. Not all vampires in TVD or TO act like Damon. Damon himself admits to his shortcomings and the fact that his recent fuck ups are of his own damn volition and that it wasn't great to do it. He was grown man when he died as a human (by that time's standards he could have been married with kids if not for the war), and regressing to being a whiny brat because he got dumped is DUMB. Him killing Aaron only showed me that he was acting immature and fucked up with what it means he tried to do to Elena as getting her back for dumping him. If Damon fans like that then own up to liking him that way. Using his status as vampire to say that his actions are the "normal" for the show, makes little sense when taking into consideration every other freakng vampire in that universe. Katherine has more restraint than he does. As does Klaus. And in my opinion they are way less savoury charcaters than Damon.
Rant about the writing:
Now his impulsive oopsies just mean stagnation in development. It means that this guy that has learnt absolute-fucking-ly nothing of the past 3(?) years. It makes it annoying to see someone whine about problems they create themselves. That to me points to disorganised writing or the writers having very strange notions of what type of characters and relationships most people like to watch on TV. The Damon love I am seeing on this site and other places is pretty much from before. I don't think I've heard someone say that they saw him in a new and like him more/again. Even the augustine shit was convoluted and had awful timing. The whole someone screwed Damon sooo bad and that's why he is an asshole was covered... Was it necessary to go over it again? It was a case of be careful what you wish for. I wanted to see Damon and Elena together without the brothers' conflict and I got them be so far up each other's ass they don't realise people they cared about were gone. With Stefan becoming their relationship counselor + stupid back and forth that was unbelievable. It's like they thought we wanted the triangle and won't watch if it's resolved. Writers need to have a plan and adjust their direction once in a while if they see it really doesn't go down well with people. They should not waste their time trying to justify established characters we are used to for 4 years. Audiences are fickle, there as never been as much Stelena love since it was obvious that she chose Damon. People (me included) like to bitch. They can't please everyone and they need to decide what's important to them in the character. Because they have Damon saying for 4 damn seasons that he won't be Stefan 2.0, that he will stay the way he is; love him or leave him and then breaks up with Elena because she is ok with that? What the bleepin' hell are the viewers supposed to get from that? That actually the whole time he wanted to be good and just needed a girlfriend to show him the light? Thta makes him a weak minded man in my mind and that's really not cute. Not. At . All.
@fantique, a very interesting post with lots of food for thought. I don't agree with everything you wrote especially in the first paragraph, but I found myself nodding my head in agreement quite often in the second.
Firstly as a Damon fan I will own up to liking him as he is, flaws and all. I like to see vampires, act like vampires especially in a show about vampires. I want to see the struggles they face as they contemplate eternal life, the battle within themselves of trying to deal with their humanity whilst essentially living as a beast and the conflict that causes. What we have now is a watered down version of the show, which is all about romantic drama between characters which are humanized, moralistic and occasionally remember that they are vampires. They rarely drink blood these days, they drink bourbon instead.
I don't think Damons behaviour can be soley attributed to his vampirism, and the nature of vampires, but it can be attributed to his life experiences. His vampirism gave him the tools to cope with them. He switched off his humanity for 50 odd yrs, he revelled in his vampirism and is now struggling with all the stuff he kept buried.
I was really enjoying seeing Damons journey, and for the most part, it has been written pretty well throughout S1- S5x10. I thought his series arc was paced well, with little set backs here and there, the development of bonds with others, whilst still having a sense of Damon still being Damon. He still behaved like a vamp, and used his vamp abilities to achieve his goals.
The writing for his character this season has been beyond confusing, and frustrating. I had whiplash with the amount of retconning and WTF moments, that to me were completely OOC with his character development thus far.
As much as I like Damon acting like a vamp, I did not like the Aarron Whitmore killing, or the Sarah Whitmore Killing. I have no idea how these actions were supposed to gel with what had gone before, and don't get me started on the fact that they reduced his powers of deduction so much that he didn't connect the dots re Augustine, Megan and Whitmore college. It is just not believable at this point in the story. It felt like they needed to drag out Damons redemption arc until the finale, so in the meantime they had him do really bad stuff so they could redeem him in the end. This was about twisting a character to fit the plot, rather than the other way around, which IMO, makes for far better, organic story telling.
Up until the last few eps, I was really confused as to what I was supposed to think of Damon and his actions from 5x11 onwards. The dialogue was often conflicting with what was shown in the past, the numerous break ups made less and less sense, since the whole premise of the break ups surrounded issues that were dealt with and accepted in 4x23 "I make bad decisions that hurt you" "I'm wrong for you", Elena "you've been a terrible person, you made all the wrong choices" "but I am not sorry that I am in love with you". It was the same stuff, just phrased differently- terrible writing.
So yeah, lots of my Damon love does come from the past, and not from what was written through most of this season, but for me, my love for Damon increased with the last few episodes, and I am excited to see what happens to him next season.
For me the issue isn't that he kills people THAT is the vampire trait. It is his emotional inmaturity that he needs to work on. My big issue is people getting up in arms that he kills people. They are all vampires they kill people. I take exception to using his killing people as a reason he somehow unlikable as a vampire . Damon has no quams killing people and neither do the vampires on TO. In fact all vampire EXCEPT these few in MF have never been shown to have quams about killing people. I had no issue with his killing the Whitmore family as revenge. He was torchered for 5 freaking years and one way he and Enzo kept saine was envisioning their revenge, then when he did get free he had to sacrifice his only friend without whom he'd NEVER have gotten free. Damon is NOTHING if not loyal to those few he cares for. He kept his revenge plot going in honor of Enzo and I get that.
Much as I love Damon he is very emotionally inmature. And if he was indeed 25 when he died he always was. Human Damon in the flashbacks was in no way a grown man. He was very much similar in emotional maturity to Stefan who was 7yrs younger than him. He was inmature when he turned then he had no one to give him any boundaries and all this power(kind of a Justin Bieber vampire) He acted without thinking. Then Elena showed him that she cared for him, but expected better from him, and as he gave it to her he found himself enjoying the feeling he got helping her. Things were going well then the writers derailed it for about 8 episodes and at the end tried to put him back on track.
I agree with everyone's assessment that the writing the second half of Season 5 was not good for anyone until the last episode. My feeling is someone thought it would be cool to kill Katherine for the 100th episode and so other stories got all messed up to make that arc fit in(so yes I blame Katerine for Damon's mess LOL) I really liked the idea of the Augustine stuff but it didn't get written or develped right. I like Dr. Maxfield as a villian and he could have been better used.
I resented Damon's hand in the Jeremy near death, but yet again I don't think it was about Damon but about Katherine and Enzo so Damon got sacrifed to make that work. I love the deep complicated bond Damon and Jeremy have. Him helping hurt Jeremy at this late stage was just poor writing.
I love Damon flaws and all. He is the kind of vampire character I like, and I will always defend him. But loving him doesn't mean I think he is perfect, I just don't see killing as a flaw for a vampire. Him being emotionally inmature and lashing out is, but most of the characters have some flaws at least Damon TRIES to work on his.
Bitterswete 281
For me the issue isn't that he kills people THAT is the vampire trait.
I just don't agree with this idea that Damon's just doing what vampires do, so it's somehow okay. Just because it's "in his nature" doesn't make the stuff he does less bad. I can accept that being a vampire gives him some violent tendencies. But humans have some pretty violent tendencies too. They're even natural. But if a guy gives in to an urge to shoot someone who annoys them, no judge is going to say, "Oh, it's okay. He was just doing what's in his nature."
And the thing is that many TVD vampires don't go around killing people. So it's obviously also in the vampire nature to be able to control themselves, and not give in to their more violent urges at the drop of a hat. Damon (and some others) just choose not to.
I look at it like this. It's in a zombies nature to eat brains. But while I accept that this is what zombies do, and they really can't help themselves, that doesn't make the killing and brain eating somehow okay. And zombies are mindless creatures who really don't know any better. Damon (who has the ability to think, reason, and control himself when the mood strikes him) doesn't have that excuse.
All that being said, the fact that Damon kills people isn't actually my problem with his character. As I've said before, I've liked characters who have done far worse.
My problem with Damon is that he doesn't really pay the consequences for his actions. He does all of this stuff and what it for, really? It doesn't advance or develop his character. (He's still pulling the same crap he did in earlier seasons.) The other characters don't really hold it against him for long. (Elena got over him trying to murder her brother pretty fast.) Then we get to hear him whine about how he's not a better person (right before he goes out and pulls more crap), or how Elena will never forgive him for whatever stunt he's pulled now (although she always does).
So, a lot of the time, it feels like Damon keeps doing bad things because a) it's "shocking," and b) it keep the viewers who like "bad boy/homicidal Damon" happy. And those are cheap reasons to have a character do anything.
Edited July 2, 2014 by Bitterswete
I don't agree that most TVD vamps don't go around killing people, because they do, and/or are prepared to if it so fits there agenda.
Such as Anna,, Logan, Noah, Ben, Klaus, Eljah, Kol, Katherine, Enzo and even Caroline. Granted, they all know that to continue live amongst humans undetected, they need to show restraint, in order to keep there existence secret. We have been shown via Lexie, a different type of attitude towards humans, which she taught Stefan because he cannot control himself around human blood at all, but this attitude seems to be the exception rather than the rule.
We have also been shown that werewolves seem to value humans as lesser beings also and are prepared for them to be collateral damage, and anyway, this show has demonstrated time and again, that humans are not to be under estimated, and are at times more than a match for vamps etc ie The council, Augustine experiments and in TO, there are some powerful humans there too.
Consequences on TVD is very hit and miss, but for most of the characters there seems to be little or none.
For Damon specifically, this would depend on what fans expectations are with regards to consequences, because I think some fans would like the consequence to be losing Elena for good, and because he hasn't in the end, they are unhappy and see it as him getting away with stuff. I don't see it this way at all.
Arguably Damon has done the most "bad" stuff onscreen, but he has seen consequences for some of those things. If it has not been those who were directly hurt by Damon getting revenge ie Rebekah, Mason, Bonnie, Kat, it has been the "universe" giving him a karmic punishment, ie The Sire bond, Doppel curse, Ripper serum, Augustine torture, werewolf bites/poison and ultimately he is now dead. He has got away with nothing, and he has paid his dues, unlike some of the others.
Edited July 2, 2014 by miss-vanilla
I didn't say most, I said many. My point was that there have been enough TVD vamps who don't go around killing people willy nilly for it not to be considered an aberration.
I do agree that being vamped makes them more ruthless. But being ruthless isn't the same as going on killing sprees when you get miffed. In fact, many of the vamps we've seen actually consider killing humans not right, rather than them just wanting to keep a low profile.
Now, let's take Anna. Anna could definitely be ruthless in pursuit of her goals. (Getting her mother back.) At the same time, I never saw any indication that she was interested in killing random people for kicks.
And take Pearl. Some could say she had plenty of reason to go on a bloody killing spree. She just wasn't interested.
Really, the point I was making was that Damon is no more "normal" a vampire than anyone else. Vamps are individuals and we've been shown that, just like with humans, different vamps have different beliefs, values, lines they won't cross, attitudes towards humans, etc.
But my real point was that it doesn't matter. Even if every vampire in the TVD universe did act exactly like Damon (thus proving he's somehow the model of "normal" vampire behavior) it wouldn't make the stuff he does okay, or somehow right. Which seems to be the argument. (Damon's just acting like a "real" vampire, so the stuff he does really isn't that bad.)
We have also been shown that werewolves seem to value humans as lesser beings also and are prepared for them to be collateral damage,
Doesn't matter. The fact that werewolves can be dicks when it comes to how they think of humans doesn't make the stuff Damon does less bad.
and anyway, this show has demonstrated time and again, that humans are not to be under estimated, and are at times more than a match for vamps etc ie The council, Augustineexperiments and in TO, there are some powerful humans there too.
Same as above. There are definitely some nasty humans out there. Still doesn't make the crap Damon pulls more okay. It just means there are humans out there doing crappy things too.
It's like someone murdering only one or two people isn't somehow less bad because someone else killed three or four.
Many and most are pretty similar, i disagree either way.
With regards to "It doesn't matter" what others do, or actions of others don't negate Damons or make them less bad? I don't think I said that.
My point was that within the context of the show, Damon's behaviour is not that abnormal to have everyone up in arms about him killing people, especially as you say the actual "killing" isn't the issue, it is the fact that he faces no consequences. I have adressed that in my previous post.
Anyway, why should Damon care about humans? Lets analyse this from his POV.
He was murdered by his Father.
His Father's cronies captured and trapped the "love of his life" in a tomb for 150 yrs.
He was betrayed by his HUMAN family again in 1953 and sold to other Humans (Augustines) to be held captive, starved, tortured and experimented on for 5 yrs. (It kind of shed a different light on his antagonistic relationship with his HUMAN nephew Zach)
Zach betrayed him by cultivating vervain in Damons house, then using it to help Stefan as good as try to kill him.
He was hunted, and almost killed by the MF council.
Was captured by Human Wes for Augustine the sequel, and then later injected with the ripper virus.
Humans are vampires and Damon's natural enemies, except for a handful of those he came to love and trust.
ETA, I don't remember Damon killing people willy nilly. Most of Damon's actions and motives in S1 were similar to Anna's, trying to get someone he loved out of the tomb.
MOD NOTE: You have both stated your opinions comprehensively and it is quite clear that neither is going to change the others mind. Therefore, let's agree to disagree and move on please. The mods don't want a circular debate dominating this (or any other) topic. Any further posts violating this request will simply be deleted.
CaughtOnTape 7.8k
I'm actually kind of interested to see what Damon does in Season 6. Seems that he had accepted his role in destroying the Other Side if he somehow got caught over there. So will he be trying to get back? I kind of doubt it. I have no doubt Elena will be losing her collective shit over trying to get him back, but I don't know if we'll see him taking an active role into returning. In fact, he might be kind of pissed off if Elena or Stefan ends up finding a way to bring him back. He was trying to let Elena go the last couple episodes (doing a bad job of it, no doubt, but he was trying) so something tells me he'll have reserved himself to the idea that she'll move on at some point.
I took his "I promise" to her as more of way to pacify her in the moment. He'd made his mind up at that point and nothing she said was going to stop him anyway.
We know Ian is filming, some of his tweets suggest as much. So we'll see I guess.
Interesting idea CoT. I have always felt that under all his bravado that Damon is a deeply unhappy Individual who rather admired his brother's hero tendencies (hence his constant mocking him). This time in destroying TOS, he got to be the hero and when he did his "I peaked" speech to Elena that's what meant rather than their luv. When he realised he wasn't going back, he did a little rueful smile but seemed to accept his fate.
I don't know, maybe I'm reaching. I have really hated the way Damon was written in Season 5 so I'm hoping that Season 6 will be better (for all the characters).
This might be more appropriate for speculation but I am really curious to see what they do with him in season 6.
I do think that as soon as he realises he is not dead dead he will try to get back Home. I think he was resigned to die, not live in some alternate dimension. Because otherwise what are they going to show him doing without his (and Bonnie's I guess) story becoming to tangential. I doubt it's going to be that fun watching him and Bonnie trade insults about how to survive in a foreign place... It might be fun for like 40s of screentime. They will probably show what they have in mind for that at ComicCon.
I am aprehensive because they could either do a great job and give everyone their personality back or just make it snoozefest of self-pitying and whinging. Fingers crossed.
Agreed, I want to see follow through with the characterization of Damon and Bonnie as they were in the S5 finale. They both accepted their fate with courage, humility and grace. As far as Damon is concerned, I want to see Damon squaring his shoulders, and getting on with trying to find out what the hell happened, and how on earth they get back home.
Carrie Ann 11.0k
From the S6E5 thread:
Damon trying to save Bonnie for Bonnie's sake would actually make a lot of people rethink their stances on Damon. I also think it could be what spurs Elena to recover her memories of being in love with Damon. You take the good with bad, I suppose.
Yeah, I think that's where we're headed with this. If he goes after Bonnie not because Elena has rejected him and he has nothing better to do, but because he cares about Bonnie and it's the right thing to do, that will go a long way toward addressing my problems with him and his lack of growth. I'm not, and won't ever be, happy about revisiting Delena, but a huge problem I have with their relationship is how toxic and "consuming" it is. That's as true for Damon as it is for Elena, I suppose. Damon has only done a small handful of "good" things without Elena as his motivation over the course of the series, and has done any number of terrible things because of bumps in their relationship. It would be good to see that he truly cares about other people and can even put them first. And if they have to get back together, I'd rather see it happen after they've both improved as people, outside of their relationship. (I mean, I'd actually rather see it happen off-screen, so maybe they can just get together at the end of the season and the series can end then too and they can ride off into the sunset.)
slayer2 3.6k
You just made my night, Lisin! A little MSCL love is always great!
I guess it's a good thing Damon doesn't lean that often - although when he does, he leans great! :)
Then these 1994 episodes must have made your month. The year of MSCL! All the plaid Damon wore made me nostalgic. And the Salt'n'Pepa he was dancing to is on my Way back Playback grooveshark list. Edited November 2, 2014 by slayer2
CAUGHTONTAPE, ON 21 FEB 2015 - 03:46 AM, SAID:
I'd venture a guess that he turned it back on when Katherine told him she was never in love with him. You could see on his face that it hurt him pretty deeply. Maybe moreso the night he kissed Katherine thinking it was Elena? I'm not sure if you can pinpoint an exact time when he flipped it back on. So it seems to me your first suggestion was more correct, it just gradually returned. I don't remember any episode where Elena mentioned flipping hers back on either. It seemed like it was a forgotten storyline to me, but maybe that's how it works. It just gradually comes back and you have to flip it again.
I think Damon's humanity was ON in S1, but not fully, like a dimmer switch- thanks Alaric. I think he explained in S4 to 'no humanity' Elena that emotions return gradually, and he also mentions to Stefan back in season 1 that guilt is there if he chooses to feel it.
Damon's actions are confusing in S1, because it is clear that he definitely "feels" at times. Examples that come to mind are when he is vivsibly hurt when Stefan tells him he will help him open the tomb, as long as he will be rid of Damon for good.
He was deeply upset by Stefan and Elena's betrayal of trust when they went behind his back, and dug up Papa Salvatore.
He was devastated when Kat wasn't in the tomb and all that entailed.
He went ballistic when the tomb vamps captured Stefan.
He seemed to care about Elena from the start.
I think he was just a screwed up vamp, on a mission to save his "love", and he was willing to kill anyone or anything that stood in way of achieving his goals, but he wasn't fully switched off IMO. He was a ruthless, predatory vampire, who had no respect for humans- who could blame him after what we have learned.
Edited February 21, 2015 by miss-vanilla
Aeryn13 10.2k
I think there are bound to be certain inconsistencies since he was initially introduced as a villain like, say, Spike in Buffy, but unlike Spike, the character was never supposed to be just the villain. I mean, they always intended to put up some love triangle and keep him around which meant shifting him into more redeemable territory.
In the Pilot, Damon showed no sign of humanity or goodness or even being conflicted whatsoever. The first genuine emotion I think I saw from him was when he was still playing a cat-and-mouse game with Stefan and managed, through Caroline, to get himself invited into Elena`s house, him and Elena were doing dishes in the kitchen and talking about Katherine and Elena not only guessed that both brothers had dated her but told Damon sorry for his loss, too. He was clearly taken off guard by her genuine sympathy.
Then he longingly stared at a picture of Katherine while Vicki danced around in her underwear. And of course the ep where Vicki died, he came up to the Gilbert house and offered to compel Jeremy`s grief away on Elena`s behest. That was the first non self-serving action I think we saw from him. When Elena slapped him earlier, she clearly struck a nerve as well.
Damon has always been odd when his switch was off because he kept loving Katherine for one. It was like he was never all the way off like Stefan in Ripperdom. Though even the latter clearly felt something for Rebekah and Klaus. Only emotionless!Elena seemed to be incapable of love for anyone.
I remember Damon saying something about meeting Lexi again in Season 1 brought back guilt and memories but I think it happened sooner. His little road trip to Atlanta with Elena? You can`t tell me his switch was completely off then.
KatWay 1.6k
For Damon, the whole switch thing isn't as big a deal as it is for people like Elena or Stefan, I guess. I mean, he had to turn it off for leaving Enzo behind, but his behaviour was never wholly consistent with "off" or "on". We know Damon didn't have a huge problem with murder even as a human, and he killed Whitmores during his summer of love with Elena, where he was definitely switched on all the way. So with Damon, I think it depends more on his general mood - in S1 he was super pissed at Stefan and took it out on the town, or he was bored and took it out on the town, but when he's happy and not pursuing some decades old revenge scheme, he's not killing people unless it's for pragmatic reasons.
It's not a humanity switch brutal serial killer/squirrel eater thing for him.
and he killed Whitmores during his summer of love with Elena, where he was definitely switched on all the way
That actually struck me as out of character. He wanted Elena`s love for so long, now he had it and they were happy together and he takes a weekend break to continue some vendetta quest we had never heard about before. Something that could have jeopardized his relationship had Elena learned about it.
Usually, when Damon has what he wants, he is, like you said, in a good mood. I buy that he would still kill people with his on-switch, he doesn`t have those same hangups as say Elena or Stefan but I don`t buy that he would drag himself away from his hooneymoon-ish bliss with Elena.
The Augustine storyline had potential but to introduce something major like that in the 5th Season is bound to fuck up character consistency IMO. At least, if they had subtly set it up by putting in little clues - Damon goes strangely beserk in captivity instead of making witty quips or when Damon, Elena and Bonnie went to Whitmore College in Season 4, he should have shown some signs he hated the place - at least it wouldn`t have come out of left field.
TigerLynx 17.0k
I believe Damon did a lot of things just for Katherine. In Season One, Damon was shown as being completely and totally in love with Katherine, willing to do anything for her, and willing to do anything to be with her.
I wasn't surprised that Stefan wanted Damon to turn so they could be together. The bond between Damon/Stefan was strong when they were human even after Katherine came between them.
Where I think the writers dropped the ball is all the back and forth once Damon/Stefan were vampires. It seems every other decade Damon/Stefan were getting along with each other, and then suddenly, it's back to Damon trying to ruin Stefan's life.
It seems every other decade Damon/Stefan were getting along with each other, and then suddenly, it's back to Damon trying to ruin Stefan's life.
Other than at the beginning of Season 1, did he ever really try it, though? He talked about it but IMO none of the flashbacks showed it. After their initial turning, he was the one cleaning up after an out-of-control-Stefan. Then he left but asked Lexi to help him.
Next encounter he is initially stand-offish but soon enough tries to rebond with Stefan. He thought Stefan could handle blood-drinking like a normal vampire - Damon once mentioned him and Lexi could drink together from people whereas she couldn`t with Stefan - so this first bout into ripperdom and his "dude, seriously" reaction showed that it was clearly not intentional to get Stefan off the rails.
Then the war flashback, Damon was all about rekindling their relationship as brothers and going off together.
And lastly this last attempt that ended in misery at the Boarding House. Which was Damon being bored and doing random bad shit. i.e. drinking from this girl, but it was also not intended to be a move against Stefan.
During captivity, Stefan was even his lifeline to humanity.
So, in hindsight, his line in the Pilot about "I promised you an eternity of misery, just keeping my promise" is actually lol-tastic because yeah, dude, it only took you 160 years to get around to it.
That's because he was still a villain in S1 and every flashback after that was basically designed to woobie-fy Damon. So the first couple of episodes which pretty clearly implied decades of resentment between the two don't really align with all the flashbacks after that. Just like Elena-meeting Damon doesn't work at ALL with his S1 self. Seriously, that was a retcon I never got. Who cares if he ran into her first? It didn't change the fact that she dated Stefan first and then later fell for him. It just seemed like they needed to give the Delena shippers something after Elena chooses Stefan in the S3 finale, nevermind if it made any sense. Because sure, Damon runs into a human girl who looked exactly like Katherine, the woman he still loved and was actually in town to get back from the almost-dead and he...gives her a peptalk about going for mad love instead of safe love and then swooshes away. Yeah. Sure.
Makes almost as much sense as being all "Have fun at Whitmore college, Elena! I'm sure there's no relation to that family I've been murdering for half a century now."
Edited February 22, 2015 by KatWay
That's why I think Damon/Stefan's backstory has been all over the place. When Damon showed up at the end of the first episode, Stefan looked terrified. Zach was also worried about what Damon might do, but according to Stefan he compelled away Zach's memories of Damon killing his pregnant wife.
I like Damon, and I liked him in Season One, but trying to woobify his backstory doesn't work. Damon killed enough people in the first couple of episodes of Season One for me to know he was a bad guy. If those were the only people he ever killed, Damon would still be a killer. Same with all the other vampires, werewolves, witches, human, etc., on this show that have murdered someone.
I always felt the writers went about it completely backwards - they should have just concentrated on showing Damon's growth now, instead of the weird and confusing back-and-forth they did, and stuck to a background that made sense with what we saw. I feel like Damon and Stefan's backstory REALLY should have been fleshed out beforehand, instead they just kept making it up as they went along. Like the Whitmore thing, the Damon-and-Lexi thing, the Zach/pregnant wife thing...none of that felt organic, because the writers only came up with it to fit a special narrative they wanted to tell, instead of long-term planning.
I shouldn't compare this show to Buffy...but seriously, that show was so great at planting seeds for future storylines. SO great. I'm still super amazed by the Boxer rebellion flashbacks (though those were on Angel), which we saw from three different perspectives over the course of multiple seasons (Spike, Angel, Darla) and only then did we know the whole story. That's what flashbacks are supposed to feel like, like you get new information that adds another layer to what you already know, not random stuff that makes you go "HUH?"
TwistedandBored 5.8k
Firstly as a Damon fan I will own up to liking him as he is, flaws and all. I like to see vampires, act like vampires especially in a show about vampires. I want to see the struggles they face as they contemplate eternal life, the battle within themselves of trying to deal with their humanity whilst essentially living as a beast and the conflict that causes.
I am basically in the same boat as you guys here. I don't care how many people he killed or tried to kill. I love Damon…flaws and all!
Aeryn said
But somewhere along the line, the writing devolved into the Damon Diaries, as so many have said.
I don`t think it was Damon himself but the romance/shipping aspect that overpowered everything else and was badly written on top. Damon is still my fave character so it`s not that he became uninteresting to me - sadly, that goes to Matt who bores me to tears most of the time - but I would want them to focus on interesting plots again and then incorporate the characters into them in interesting ways. Not write so-so plots around certain characters.
I actually think that Damon has suffered the most character assassination since the writers decided to drag out DE, instead of just writing them.
In order to delay and stall, a myriad of contrivances and obstacles were put in front of them, including regressing Damon and his character growth, they also made Elena a cardboard cutout, devoid of opinions and pov. So yes, it isn't necessarily the character of Damon that overpowers the narrative, but the shipping aspects.
I am not sure that I will tune in for S7. I don't trust that the writers won't damage Damon's characterization more by forcing the Bamon dynamic, whilst ignoring all the other dynamics which made Damon, Damon.
I was one of the few that didn't really enjoy many of the 1994 scenes, mainly due to how Damon was written, and how Ian acted in those scenes, and as a staunch Damon fan, and admirer of Ian's acting, that is a hard thing for me to say.
Can I ask what you didn't like about the 1994 scenes? I wasn't keen either but can't pin point why.
I completely agree Elena has dragged Damon down. His interaction with Liz this season was lovely. He has also had some great scenes with Alaric (although not enough in my opinion) and his brother bond with Stefan has been really cemented.
Of course Jads. For me, Damon just wasn't the Damon I know. Ironically, it felt like AU fanfiction.
I hated the Vroooom Vrooooming in the car, the paper aeroplane throwing, pancake flipping, the dorky dancing, the imaginary sword fighting, the ridiculous nonsensical Bonnie banter, I could go on, but the worse thing for me was that they made him passive and weak.
Basically they removed all his sex appeal for me, and everything that makes him Damon. Damon is snarky and rude, not the court jester.
The Damon I know and love would never capitulate like that, he would've been planning and searching every inch of everywhere to find a way out, but they wrote him like he had just given up.
I know lots of fans enjoyed those lighter Damon scenes, but I just didn't, I was embarrassed for him, and the acting didn't help either. However, I did enjoy the more serious scenes, like the one with the necklace in Stefan's room, and the one with Bonnie at the kitchen table where she brings him soup.
Things improved from the moment Damon and Bonnie had that lovely moment holding the ascendant together, and she teleported him home.
Thanks for replying. It makes sense to me - Damon isn't supposed to be dorky. I didn't enjoy the bickering either;I'm with Kai on that one. I wonder if Ian was ill again like he was in one of the earlier seasons. Even in the 1994 flashback, Damon felt like a cartoon villain which I thought was an odd acting choice.
It felt to me like early S6 both Salvatores were written as OOC with regards to giving up. With Stefan, they just about managed to demonstrate that he hadn't with him basing his entire new life around fixing up Damon's car. With Damon, we got the note in the atlas. I can't believe that Damon would have thought about that but not acted on it.
I do admit to having a bit of a love - hate relationship with Damon but I do feel he's had the rough end of writing stick recently. Ironically I find 'grand romantic speech' Damon really annoying but snarky, Evil vamp, ball - popping Damon kinda hot. Maybe that says more about me than it does about Damon!
Mileage definitely varies doesn't it, I like romantic Damon, it is part of who he is at his core. Despite being introduced as a villain in season one, his main goal was to free Kat from the tomb. A woman he was willing to turn vamp for, and whom he waited 145 yrs for.
Don't get me wrong - I agree with you that Damon for all his issues is a huge romantic. Sometimes the writing pushes Damon from romantic into somewhat obsessive and stalkerish. His actions can be incredibly noble - the necklace which you mentioned above is a real symbol of Damon trying to do the right and honourable thing and that to me is romantic. I think Damon is at his most romantic when they let his actions do the talking rather than the over blown speeches TPTB give him.
I don't really ship Damon with either Elena or Bonnie. Damon needs to love himself first.
I think Damon is at his most romantic when they let his actions do the talking rather than the over blown speeches TPTB give him.
I think you are right about that, and that is what they did best in earlier seasons with him.
Doram said:
It wasn't the only instant. There are several examples of Stefan willingly let Elena step into danger and death because that his her own choice. Not forcing vampire blood down her throat in season 2 is one. Letting her meet with Esther Michaelson is another. And that's just off the top of my head. It was a group effort when saving Elena coincided (contrived or not) to stop a greater danger e.g. preventing Klaus from Ascending to a hybrid, preventing Klaus from making more hybrids. Whenever the stake was only Elena, it was usually down to the Salvatore brothers and Bonnie. At least for most of pre-S4 before Damon and Delena took over the show.
Kai's feud was not just with Bonnie was what I said. His fixation on her did not stop him from holding Damon as much to blame for his imprisonment as Bonnie because this was actually something that they both did to him. In fact, he'd have likely punished Damon anyway just to spite Bonnie because he knew that Damon was her best friend. And his 'punishment' was what...? Nothing, really. Damon and Bonnie lose nothing in it. Bonnie is arguably better off without Elena in her life than she was before. (Only she's transferred her slavish devotion from Elena to Damon, so that says something about her problematic personality not really about Elena, doesn't it?) Damon is even better off because he is the one who gets to have both women in his life, and even fuck both of them with no stint on his conscience. Elena is the one who got the rough end of the stick in this but no one ever seems to dwell on that. It's always about how Damon has lost the love of his life.
Look, I'm not going to argue everything point by point. But it needs to be said that about the only faction that the writers have consistently written to please are Damon fans. This show went off the rails after it went from Stefan and Elena's story to push Damon into center-stage making everything about him, to the detriment of the other leads. The fact that it happened around the time that Plec and Dries took full control from Williamson - the same women who said that the show would thrive because everyone would tune in to watch Ian Somerhalder read a book for 40 minutes... says everything.
You are right, Stefan did let Elena make her own choices, even when it would mean she would die. Unfortunately some of those choices led to others making sacrifices (even if they were unintentional) because of Elenas' choices. For example, she chose to die in a sacrifice, and Stefan let her, and Jenna paid the price. If not Jenna, it would have been both Tyler and Caroline.
Her choice (that Stefan facilitated) to meet Esther backfired spectacularly and resulted in Abbys' death (vampirism), and hurt Bonnie. The point that was being made is that sacrifices have been made across the board by ALL of them in some shape or form, and the consequences to those sacrifices are often unforseen. This is not limited to Damon by any stretch of the imagination and neither is the lack of consequences as you put it.
I have yet to see what consequences befell Stefan for any of his ripper sojourns past and present? Ok he lost the "girl", but he did that to himself after he returned from his time with Klaus. Elena was willing to take him back and actually did in the end so I'm still not seeing exactly how Stefan lost everything because of Damon.
The same applies right now. Yes Stefan is on the run from a huntress because he stepped in to save Damon, but actually, Damon did the exact same thing for Stefan only a handful of episodes ago and got sucked into that phoenix stone.
It's about cause and effect, but the show is only acknowledging one side of the story in the narrative.
On the surface, It appears that this is all about Damon, when in reality, this is about Stefan and his journey, and i hate to say it, but Damon is a plot device to tell that story, and it shows. You clearly have a passion in your hatred of Damon, which almost matches mine of Stefan, however I do think you are wrong about the writers preferences. JP is an unabashed fan of Stefan and Stelena and has stated her preference many times. CD has indicated a preference for DE but her fave is Klaroline and her fave character to write for was Katherine.
JPs comment about IS was flippant and reductive. I have no doubt that some would tune in to watch Damon read the phone book or whatever she said, but her rapidly disappearing audience is proving her wrong. This show has no shortage of pretty male or female characters, it's the CW after all, and after 7 seasons I would wager that looks factor much less than JP realizes.
Katsullivan 1.5k
I'm not a big Damon fan. I also feel that Plec put her personal feelings or crush on Ian into the writing of this story. Stefan feels like if he hasn't had a story in 2 seasons now. Last year, did he even meet Kai, the season's Big Bad?
He wasn't telling Alaric the truth in the letter he was lying as evidenced by the previous episode. He already said why he choose to dessicate when he told an unconscious Bonnie that he would no longer risk her or Stefan dying for him. He wants her to live out her life without the interference of him or his perceived drama and Stefan the same.
This has got very little to do with impatience for Elena, this is a guy who searched for 60+years for Katherine. Patience is his strong suit. He made the choice he made because he believes it protects them and he lead them to believe it was for other reasons so they wouldn't try to stop him.
Just as an aside, Alaric and him haven't been best friends in quite some time and any strong bond they had probably cooled when Damon compelled him (when Alaric was being a douche). On second thought, when is Alaric not being a douche? Poor Caroline. As far as I can see he wrote that out to Alaric because of the 3 of them Alaric, Bonnie, Stefan, Alaric is the only one who wouldn't question it, the other two would know something was up. Alaric is the sort that (much like Damon) falls in love and fuck the world. He's got his kids and Caroline so Damon could have written "I'm off to learn how to squirt rainbows out my ass" and Alaric probably would have had the same reaction.
Misdirection (of the characters) is also the reason they had Damon walk away when Stefan said "If you ever cared about me." Of course Damon cares about him, up until this season you could unequivocally say more than anybody else on the show but he chose to walk away when Stefan said that to reinforce the "selfish, douchebag Damon" trope so they would let him go ahead with his stupid plan. Damon knows if he told them the truth they would call him crazy and probably talk him out of it. This is Damon doing something he believes is truly unselfish for the first time.
ETA Also a guy who would always choose Elena wouldn't have told Bonnie to leave the Armoury (sp?) with the full expectation that Tyler would gobble him up, there's no way to see Elena again when you're dead.
That's not putting Elena first that's putting Bonnie first, even above himself. We all know Elena would get over it if Bonnie had died, she'd get over anyone dying except her precious obsession, Damon.
Similarly a guy who would always choose Elena wouldn't be sitting by Bonnie's bedside praying for her to wake up and chastising her for scaring him. Especially when her death meant the return of his beloved and it was clear he's done all he could tontry to save her. What Damon wrote to Alaric and what's actually motivating Damon are two completely different things.
He reminds a bit of Tristan from Legends of the Fall. "He was the rock they broke themselves against." I can understand his decision.
Always choosing Elena first doesn't mean he doesn't also care about Bonnie, but since Bonnie's life is tied to Elena and his whole issue is feeling he has to do right to deserve her love does making him saving Bonnie still about Elena. At the beginning of the season when he hesitated before he saved Bonnie when the car almost hit her he still made the choice to save her b/c he knows if Bonnie dies in service to him to when he could have prevented it Elena would never forgive him. He also now has the extra guilt of thinking he chose to burn her body and the things he did when he thought she was dead dead so it is Damon's MO to think death is the best punishment. He would rather be dead and not see Elena himself but have her think his last act was heroic(save Bonnie instead) than her be upset he was there but Bonnie died b/c of him.
When Bonnie died bring back Jeremy she spent way longer alone with just Jeremy to talk to and when she wanted to kill herself in the prison world it was Jeremy who got through to her. I think Jeremy knows her as well or better than Damon. Since Jeremy, then Elena are gone now Damon is her bestie. Now Damon is gone and Enzo is her bestie. Bonnie needs to be her own best friend.
I think Damon did tell the truth in his letter to Ric. His whole behavior since Elena is gone has shown he IS very unhappy. As you said he and Ric are a lot alike. They both would chose who they love first so Damon understands Ric's life is at a different place right now. That is why they haven't been as close recently, but if Elena were alive and they were all human they would chose to be friends and close with each other.
It wasn't an accident he told Stefan goodbye in person, gave Ric a letter with a gift and Bonnie just got a letter. He cares about all of them in that order.
This is Stefan's story, not Damon's. There is a reason Rayna asked Stefan if he was finally willing to let Damon go. How many people have died because Stefan wants Damon to live?
Damon cares about Bonnie and Alaric, and he cared about Liz and Carol, however, Damon loves Stefan and Elena, and its been shown from the very beginning that Damon will completely revolve his life around the woman (Katherine) he loves.
The others should be safer with Damon in a box where he can't cause any trouble, but unfortunately, this is the Vampire Diaries so everything is always FUBAR.
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Classic Hollywood Stars Like We’ve Never Seen
Icons | November 15, 2018
Written by Harmon Leon
It's always fun to see iconic celebrities in photos where they are letting loose or shown in an unfamiliar context. And we have 60 photos that will get the wheels of your imagination turning. See the future president John F. Kennedy in a photo booth with his new bride, Jackie. Check out Freddie Mercury at home with his long-time partner, Jim Hutton. Look at a childhood photo of The Rock with his dad - who was a professional wrestler at the time. Plus 57 other candid photos that will create a sense of shock, wonder, and delight. Just remember, as Dick Clark would say, "A little dab'll do ya!"
Stevie Nicks, a true iconic bohemian beauty, 1970s.
Source: Reddit
Oh Stevie Nicks! You were the queen of the '70s. While fronting Fleetwood Mac, her band topped the charts. But offstage, her life was out of control - there was a lot of partying and a lot of money being spent. During the making of the Rumors album she said, "I used to carry a gram of cocaine in my boot." For years, Nicks battled addiction - which escalated during the '70s and brought turmoil within the band when she had a "doomed" affair with drummer Mick Fleetwood; during a drug-fueled frenzy.
Nicks got a wake up call in 1986, when a plastic surgeon's warning convinced her to go to rehab. The surgeon looked into her nose and said "You have a really big hole in your nose and it's very dangerous." He told Nicks that your next hit could be your last hit of anything - because the hole in your nose is very high and you could have a brain hemorrhage. Wake up call! Nicks listened to his warning and changed her ways. Smash-cut present day, Fleetwood Mac is back out on the road and touring.
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Harmon Leon is an award-winning journalist, filmmaker, comedian and the author of the book Meet the Deplorables... - and you can find his other work in Vice, The Observer, The Nation, Esquire and Wired.
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March 2018 Favorites
Hello, everyone! Today I wanted to share my March favorites with you! This has been such a great month of discovering some new favorites as well as a few I might have already mentioned in one of my favorites posts. Let's get started!
Nailed It on Netflix. I binged all the episodes.This was such a funny show and I love baking shows and I thought this one was unique, funny and entertaining.
IZombie This is one of my favorite shows and I'm enjoying this season so far. If you haven't seen it I highly recommend it!
Gakuen Babysitters (School Babysitters)
I love this anime and I really hope we get a second season. It's so cute!
This is another anime I fell in love with! It's just so cute! I want more!
Physicians Formula The Healthy Foundation
I really fell in love with this foundation. It has good coverage and it doesn't make me look orange. I have really fair skin so that's important.
Katy Kat Lip Gloss
I was going to try…
Shade Pre-Order Blitz
Title: Shade Author: Mere Joyce Genre: YA Paranormal Cover Designer: Molly Phipps of We Got You Covered Book Design Publisher: 7 Sisters Publishing, LLC Publication Date: April 10th, 2018 Hosted by: Lady Amber’s PR Blurb:Fourteen-year-old Callum Silver sees dead people. It’s not a gift. His family thinks he’s crazy. Sometimes he thinks he’s crazy. He has no friends. He’s forced to live his life surrounded by nothing but the searing pain, sickening smells and desperate moans that accompany the murdered ghosts who seek him out. When he’s offered a place at Camp Wanagi, the ten weeks in the French countryside isn’t a vacation, it’s a lifeline. A way to meet others like himself and prove his ability can offer more than years of loneliness and expensive therapy bills. Run by a mysterious group known as the Oracle of Senders, Camp Wanagi brings together teens from around the globe who all possess the unique ability to see the dead. While Cal is relieved to find others like him, he learns quickly tha…
April 2018 TBR
Hello, everyone! March just flew by for me. It seems like it is too seen for me to put up an April TBR but it's not. How was your March? Did it fly by too? I am so excited to share the books I plan on reading in April! Let's get started!
So that's what I'm planning on reading. What are your reading plans for April?
Owl Eyes: A Fairy Tale by Molly Lazer blitz
With the announcement of a royal ball, Nora must decide what she is willing to give up in order to claim her stolen birthright, and whether this new life is worth losing her family—and herself. Goodreads / Amazon / Barnes &a…
Hello, everyone! I just wanted to let you know that I'm planning on moving my blog to wordpress. I will still be posting on here until June. I'm hoping to have everything moved by then. I hope you guys will follow my new blog! It would mean the world to me! It's hauntedbybooksblog.wordpress.com ! I hope your having a wonderful march! Until next time!
-Hauntedbybooks
My Lullaby of You Cover Reveal
Genres: Contemporary, Young Adult
It’s the summer after high school. Amy can’t wait to leave her small hometown in North Carolina for the vibrant city of Chicago, where she plans to go to her dream college and hopes to build a stronger relationship with her father.
But as she deals with her mother’s resentment over her leaving and an intriguing yet provoking college student, Amy’s reminded of things she’s tried to forget and forced to face emotions she never expected.
It’s the summer before the last year of music school. Seth would rather be anywhere else than a small beach town in North Carolina, reopening wounds he thought he’d patched long ago and facing the father he hasn’t seen since his mother’s death.
While he’s on his mission for answers, Seth is drawn to an observant and driven local he can’t seem to figure out. Add to Goodreads
Alia has been writing since she fell in love with reading and now the chara…
Sneaking Out Blog Tour
(Chased, #1)
Published by: Dunemere Books
Genres: Mystery, Young Adult
Could you sleep next to a murderer?
Luke Chase—yes, that Luke Chase, a modern hero ripped from the headlines—didn’t mean to get caught up in Mrs. Heckler’s murder. He just wanted to hook up with the hot new British girl at St. Benedict’s, and if that meant sneaking out to the woods after hours, then so be it. But little did he know someone would end up dead right next to their rendezvous spot, and his best friend and roommate Oscar Weymouth would go down for it. With suspects aplenty and a past that’s anything but innocent, Luke Chase reluctantly calls on his famous survival skills to find the true killer.
For fans of “A Study in Charlotte” and boarding school lit, “Sneaking Out” (book one in the “Chased” series) immerses readers in the privileged prep school world, with a mystery that exposes the dark side of life on a residential high school campus.
Nocturne by Heather McKenzie blitz
(Nightmusic Trilogy, #2)
Published by: Clean Teen Publishing
Genres: Mystery, Suspense, Young Adult
I am hunted.
A pawn in a vicious game.
The only way I can protect the ones I love…
…is to disappear.
Finally free of her father, Kaya has the one thing that keeps her heart beating—Luke.
Blissfully content in his arms, everything seems perfect…until their world is shattered by a deadly invasion. When an old ally comes to the rescue, Kaya wants none of it. She is devastated to learn the identity of her attacker, and that she must do something truly heartbreaking if she wants to save the ones she loves. Sacrificing everything and sinking into bottomless sorrow, Kaya finds solace in an unlikely friend—one who shows her a different kind of love, and helps her discover an inner strength she never thought possible.
A heart-pounding journey of self-discovery, Nocturne is the transformative second installment of The Nightmusic Trilogy b…
Electric Gardens Blog Tour
Title: ELECTRIC GARDENS Author: M. Black Pub. Date: March 15, 2018 Publisher: CREATIVIA Pages: 332 Formats: Paperback,eBook Find it: Goodreads
In our future, robots known as Tins keep us protected from the floods, fires and diseases of the outside in what are called Compounds. But when the Tins become more our masters than protectors, humans rebel. Lexi019 is turning eighteen, and will then be sent into what Tins call the Electric Gardens. Since no one ever returns from the Electric Gardens, Lexi019 is desperate to escape. With her best friend Kyle53 and his sister, the three of them find an unlikely friendship that helps them escape. But not everything is what it seems in this Robotic Dystopia, and soon Lexi019 will be faced with hard decisions she never anticipated. Join Lexi019 and Klye53 in this four part Robotic Dystopia set in a future that could one day be our own.
About M. Black: M.Black is Ami Blackwelder and writes for the brand ENTER TOMORROW. She is a Montessori teacher, helps the …
Cover Reveal: The Dylan Dilemma by Patricia B. Tighe with Giveaway
Hello Readers! Welcome to the Cover Reveal for The Dylan Dilemma by Patricia B. Tighe presented by Swoon Romance! Celebrate this reveal by entering the giveaway found at the end of the post!
High school senior Kenzie Harper-Shea has no time for dating, especially after the arrival of the basketball coach from hell. Now Kenzie has lost her confidence, is in a slump, and in danger of losing out on a scholarship to play college ball. The last thing she needs is her “vacation boyfriend,” Dylan McCoy, distracting her with warm smiles, inside jokes, and swoony kisses. Dylan, however, is totally ready to date. He finally lives in the same town as Kenzie and is not about to lose the chance to let their relationship grow into something more. But for now, he’ll stay in the friend zone because he’s determined to find out what has her running scared. It can’t be just about basketball. As Kenzie spends more time around Dylan, her feelings become a jumbled-up mess. It’s obvious they’re into each oth…
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Innovation| August 10, 2018
Blue Cross Blue Shield Gives Steep Discounts for Fitbit Products to its 60 Million Members
Andreea Ciulac
Andreea Ciulac is former Chicago Tribune writer with almost a decade of reporting experience. She has a knack for deciphering... Show more Andreea Ciulac is former Chicago Tribune writer with almost a decade of reporting experience. She has a knack for deciphering complex medical reports and statistics and conveying them into engaging stories that will help executives in healthcare keep up with the digital transformations in their industry. She covers an array of topics from pharma to startups and the Illinois healthcare system.
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Once considered a fad, wearable fitness gadgets are rapidly working their way into insurance plans.
On August 7th, Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS) announced a partnership with Fitbit to get its 60 million members a special deal on the fitness tracking devices.
The goal is to “help consumers create and maintain healthy habits,” the insurance association said.
“This strategic partnership will bring personalized health and wellbeing to the next level, allowing members to put their health first,” explained Mark Talluto, Vice President of Strategy and Analytics at BCBS Association.
The Fitbits will be available via BCNS’ discount wellness program called Blue365. The program, Talluto added, lets customers take advantage of other deals including “fitness gear, gym memberships, healthy eating options, stress management services, hearing aids, and vision and dental products.”
As part of this partnership, Blue Cross Blue Shield customers will be able to purchase a fitbit device at a significant discount which ranges from 15% to 49% off Fitbit products including Ionic, Versa, Charge 2, and more.
The BCBS-Fitbit deal is part of a bigger trend of insurers trying to stimulate members to get moving using fitness devices.
UnitedHealthcare offers Samsung and Garmin fitness trackers for a discounted price to some group members; Oscar Health gave members their Misfit devices for free.
Aetna is also considering introducing Apple Watches to its members.
The prevalence of these offerings have raised concerns among patient advocates and privacy scholars. A recent investigation revealed that insurers might be using the personal data collected by fitness devices to predict the risks posed by a patient and adjust rates to protect themselves from losses. “I can’t say it hasn’t happened,” a research scientist told a ProPublica journalist.
If, for instance, you don’t walk enough steps in a day, start packing on pounds or you skimp on sleep, then the algorithm could predict future health problems, causing insurers to increase your deductible.
Moreover, fitness wearables have mile-long privacy policies making it difficult for patients to do their homework before giving their consent. According to an analysis, some fitness devices have privacy policies as lengthy as 22 pages.
Currently, a patient’s medical information is protected through The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, or HIPAA. However, this doesn’t shield information collected from wellness health trackers.
In its privacy policy updated earlier this year, Fitbit admits that “no method of transmitting or storing data is completely secure, however. If you have a security-related concern, please contact Customer Support.”
This makes security experts fear that insurers cannot protect people’s personal data from hackers in the case of a breach, which happens more often than expected.
In 2015, mammoth insurer Anthem experienced the biggest healthcare breach in history. Almost 80 million patient records were stolen, including names, Social Security numbers, and home addresses.
Since then, data breaches have become a daily occurence.
According to the Protenus Breach Barometer, an artificial intelligence platform that analyzes every point of access to patient data inside the electronic health record (EHR), 1.13 million patient records were exposed in 110 healthcare data breaches in the first quarter of 2018. That means there was at least one data breach per day in the healthcare industry.
Plus, while medical devices are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration, there’s no regulation in place that demands these devices meet a medical-grade quality standard.
The Blue Cross Blue Shield Fitbit partnership sounds great. But do fitness trackers really work?
There is little proof to back up the accuracy and health benefits of tracking devices. A study in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that people wearing a fitness tracker didn’t lose more weight than those who didn’t. “Devices that monitor and provide feedback on physical activity may not offer an advantage over standard behavioral weight loss approaches,” the study concluded.
Even so, companies are coming up with more performance tracking devices. It might only be a matter of time until these gadgets will be able to predict illnesses. In a couple of years, a high-tech version of the Fitbit’s sleep tracker, for example, could very well predict whether someone is at risk of developing sleep apnea or heart conditions.
Some hospitals like Boston’s Massachusetts General Hospital, are already employing monitoring programs to treat patients with heart failure. Tracking helps lower hospital readmission rates, costs, and mortality for these patients, at least in the first few months of use, says Dr. Joseph Kvedar affiliated with Massachusetts General Hospital and an associate professor of dermatology at Harvard Medical School.
Johns Hopkins cardiologists also think fitness trackers can improve health. “Fitness trackers are a great tool for heart health,” says Johns Hopkins cardiologist Seth Martin, M.D., M.H.S.
These gadgets are gaining more acceptance and there are numbers to prove it. The wearables market is expected to reach 243 million unit sales by 2022, according to industry analyst CCS Insight.
There’s no doubt that both insurers and makers of wearable devices need to gain consumers’ trust. Teaming up with security experts to develop new regulations and giving consumers protective measures, is one place to start.
It’s also up to patients to learn about data protection before choosing to wear a fitness device. Some details worth watching: what data is collected, whether the insurer will ask for a patient’s consent before sharing their information with a third party, and whether a patient’s data will be deleted when the account is deleted.
One reliable source is the AV-TEST Institute, a Germany-based research organization.
AV-TEST recently tested 12 fitness trackers to see how secure they were.
As long as the data doesn’t fall into the wrong hands, programs like the one launched by BCBS-Fitbit seem to have the potential to increase healthful behaviors.
Are you interested in how new technologies are leveraged to disrupt various healthcare organizations? Check out how smart technologies are reshaping the senior living industry.
Healthcare TechHealthtech
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Salsa Help Center
Salsa Classic Help Documentation
Roles and Permissions
Chelsea Bassett
When to use it
Use the Roles and Permissions to to create or edit roles which can later be applied to your Campaign Managers. Once applied to Campaign Managers, these roles give administrators more control over the aspects of Salsa to which Campaign managers have access. For example:
Advocacy staff: Grant access to only the Advocacy and Supporter packages
Fundraising staff: Grant access to only the Donations and Supporter packages
From the settings (gear-shaped) icon, select Manage Account.
From the Manage Account page, click on Roles and Permissions.
From there, you can create a new role, or edit the permissions of an existing role.
Edit the Role
Click on the Details link to open and edit any role.
Fill out the standard information, including the display name (the name of the role you are creating - for reference purposes) along with the description of the role.
Determine the level of access
A. To limit access to certain Groups:
Under "group access" dropdown lists all of your groups. By selecting a group you will give managers access restricted to people in the group selected. Note that if your campaign managers *create* a group, they will still not have access to the supporters from that group unless they have the group added to their permissions.
B. To customize their dashboard:
Under the "Default Dashboard" heading, click on the link that says "Click here to configure dashboards for this role" to see what their dashboard will look like.
By default, dashboards associated with a role are locked-down so that the campaign manager cannot edit it. If you would like to grant access so that campaign managers with this role can edit their dashboards, you will want to check the "edit dashboards" box.
This will take you to the dashboard with a note at the top of the screen that you are editing that role's dashboard. Click the "Add content" button in the upper right corner to add stickies or reports to the dashboards. When you have finished adding those sections, click the "end editing" link at the top of the dashboard.
To test the dashboard, give your campaign manager access to the role. Log back in and select that role from the role dropdown menu at the bottom of your HQ screen.
C. To select which tabs (packages) you want your user to have access to:
Selected Packages
Here you can select which packages (or tabs) you want the user to have access to. Note that if you do not select the "Dashboard Collections" tab, they will not see the standard login page and will see a message that says "You do not have access to this page" - however, their tabs will all work.
You can preview what their login screen will look like by clicking on the link in the "default dashboard" box.
D. To restrict access to particular Tags:
Here you can limit the user to only have access to objects tagged with a particular tag. For instance, if you entered the tag "whales" the person with this role would only see supporters or other objects tagged with "whales."
Apply the role(s) to the campaign manager(s)
After you are done creating your role you will then need to apply the role to the relevant campaign managers.
First, navigate to the campaign managers page.
Click on "details" to edit the campaign manager.
Add the role or roles you've created to the campaign manager's account.
Super Admin users have access to everything in the account, including account setup privileges. Normal users have access to everything in the account except for account setup privileges.
Campaign Managers Switching Roles
If you apply more than one role to a campaign manager, the campaign manager may switch between them according to his or her current task.
Hi Charlotta - Yes, you can give a manager access to more than one group. Parent groups do not automatically give them access to the children, so you'd need to select the parent and each child group for your campaign manager role.
Charlotta
Some questions about limiting managers' access to a specific group or groups.
Can you give a manager access to more than one group?
If the group is a hierarchical group, can I give managers access to the parent and thus they inherit access to the children?
Lydia Burgos
Hello, I would like to be able to restrict some users on being able to see our donors giving history. What is the best way to do this?
Rebecca Wyatt
Hi Lydia,
Salsa roles and permissions do not allow for that granularity of access - as stated above, you can create roles whereby certain campaign managers cannot see data related to a package, group, or tag.
Creating a role which would restrict campaign managers from specified types of data within a package (in this case donor giving history) is not possible at this time. One possible solution would be to put all supporters who had never made a donation into a group and give these campaign managers access to that group only. When this is done, those campaign managers would not have access to any supporter data of donors (but this means they wouldn't have access to basic donor data such as email address and phone number).
If you have further questions, please submit a support ticket for clarification.
Frank Valdez
Along the lines of Christina's question above, is it possible to restrict our campaign managers from adding supporters?
Christina Vehar
Is it possible to make it so that an Account Manager can view a supporter and add notes and schedule contacts with that donor, but not be able to edit general information such as phone and address?
aleonard
Hi, Andrew,
It's not clear whether you are adding campaign managers or supporters. If you would, could you please send a message to support@salsalabs.com? Send us details about where new people are being added, and the people that you're adding, and we'll get back in touch as soon as possible.
Salsa Support
I just realized there are a number of comments on this that we haven't addressed! Sorry about that...
In order: Libero, if you're a Super Admin, you don't need to be assigned any role, no. Some Super Admins like using a "default" role that will allow them to see only the tabs for things they really care about, but either way, you can still access your full headquarters.
Ed, yes, this is a common problem with groups restrictions. We've filed a development case for improvements, because it would be better if we said "any supporter added through this campaign manager record should automatically be added to their permitted group(s)", but in the meantime, I usually recommend using a specific signup page or custom form for adding new supporters, since your signup page can also automatically add those supporters to the necessary groups.
Christina, this is also a common request, but we don't have these granular permissions at the moment, unfortunately. We have filed development cases recommending there be more options for permission types such as "can view but not edit", but this isn't available at this time.
Joseph DiChiaro III
Rebecca, not to be cheeky, but what's the point of that?
Ed Valinski
We're finding that when managers are limited to specific groups they are having issues with entering new supporters. Example: Manager John is assigned a role with access to ABC Group. Manager John adds a new support and, after clicking submit, receives a message stating that "this person does not exist or you do not have access to them."
The new supporter is added before that support can be assigned to a group and the manager is restricted from the supporter profile and can not then add that supporter to the intended group.
Would it be possible to either include an "add group to group" selection on the new supporter form or to allow managers to access the supporter profile prior?
Andrew Kenneally
I could not seem to set a password for the new people I was adding to the account. Once I put in their names and e-mail address are they automatically notified?
Elizabeth Luckey
Is there a way to exclude someone from just one group? We have multiple groups, and instead of giving someone access to all, I would like to just exclude them from one group. Additionally, does this still give the user access to a group member if he/she searches for that person?
John Mesko
Can we give someone "read-only" access?
Chris Ryder
Where do we find out what is in each package for role access? thanks
Hi Elizabeth - you can choose what group you want to allow that person permission to see when you create a role, see step 3 A above. A campaign manager with that role should be able to search for and view anyone that is within the group that you select.
John - Unfortunately that's not a permission type yet, but we hope to improve that in the future.
Chris - There's not any type of reference sheet for that as of yet, but we'll look into creating one. In the meantime, if you have a specific question, let us know over at support@salsalabs.com!
Libero Della Plana
If I am a "Super Administrator" do I need o be assigned roles? Seems like I wouldn't but I want to make sure.
support@salsalabs.com
© Salsa Labs 2019
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Posts from the ‘War(news)’ Category
Somaliland accuses Somalia and Italy of frustrating its recognition status
Somaliland President Musa Bihi waves a flag in Hargeisa on arrival from Guinea. Photo/COURTESY.
By CORRESPONDENT, NAIROBI, Jul 8 – Somaliland is now accusing Somalia and its former colonial master Italy of working together in frustrating her quest for international recognition.
Somaliland President Musa Bihi however, says the international community is warming up to welcoming Somaliland back to the world map by granting the country recognition.
Bihi, on arrival from Guinea where he was on official visit on invitation of Guinea president Alpha Conde said Italy had pile pressure on Guinea not to welcome him and his delegation from Somaliland.
“Italy was among nations that bore great pressure on Guinea heeding the hysteric calls of the Mogadishu administration. In fact, Italy exerted the greatest pressure but to no avail,” said Bihi.
We are now seeing Somalia working with some countries in the west to frustrate our quest for recognition and at the same time bully our international friends who are sympathetic to our course,” added the Somaliland leader when he arrived back in Hargeisa.
“But we are happy, the number of nations that have shown sympathy to our course and are willing to help us in the push for self-determination is increasing and soon we will be a recognized stated.”
The visit by Bihi to Guinea has elicited strong reaction from Somalia who announced it had cut all diplomatic ties with the west African state.
Somali foreign ministry in a statement said the government had cut all diplomatic ties after Guinea “accorded the protocol of head of state… to the leader of a separatist movement”
At the weekend, Guinea president responded by saying Somaliland had all rights to chart her destiny.
The events of last week have hardened Somalilanders’ attitudes towards Mogadishu’s based government. This has given rise to the opposition urging Somaliland to stop talking to the Mogadishu government.
Bihi, was met with a rapturous welcome on his return from Guinea Conakry. Crowds thronged the streets, most businesses were closed and people flocked to the capital Hargeisa from all corners of Somaliland.
Somaliland has waged a 29-year campaign to be recognized after it separated from Somalia in 1990 when the civil war stated. The two countries had merged after independence. Somaliland was a British protectorate while Somali was colonized by the Italians.
Source :CFM, 08/07/19
Somaliland invites French investors to explore country’s aviation industry
Dominic Omondi 26th Jun 2019
Somaliland Managing Director for Civil Aviation and Airports Authority Mohammed Rodol (right) shakes hands with French embassy commercial Attache Emmanuel Dragon as somaliland envoy to Kenya Bashe Omar (left).NAIROBI, KENYA:
Somaliland has sent an invitation to France to explore investment opportunities in the country’s aviation industry.
Somaliland’s Managing director for Civil Aviation and Airports Authority Abdi Mohammed Rodol during a meeting with the French Commercial Attache Emmanuel Dragon at the France embassy in Nairobi said there are massive openings in aviation, which France can take advantage of.
“Ours is a young Nation seeking to welcome investors in different fields.
As the civil aviation director in Somaliland, I welcome investors from France to come and explore these opportunities,” Rodol said during the meeting that was also attended by the Somaliland representative to Kenya Bashe Omar. Meanwhile, Kenya is mulling on introducing direct flights to Somaliland capita Hargeisa.
With the frosty relationship on between Kenya and Somalia, which has seen the former close its borders and bar flights to and from Mogadishu, Kenya Airways, is considering Hargeisa as its next destination in the Horn of Africa.
This will be a massive boost for trade between Kenya and the internationally unrecognized Somaliland.
Over 15,000 Kenyans are living and working in Somaliland in the hospitality and education sectors.
Somaliland Managing Director of Civil Aviation and Airports Authority Abdi Mohammed Rodol is in Nairobi ostensibly to hold discussions with authorities in Kenya on the suitability of Hargeisa as a destination for Kenya Airways.
So far, Ethiopia Airlines provides two flights that fly directly to Somaliland between Addis Ababa and Hargeisa.
Fly Dubai also has flights that fly between Dubai and Hargeisa bringing business people to Somaliland from all over the world.
With plans to open a consulate in Hargeisa still on, the Kenya Airways sees this as an opportunity to introduce flights to the country which parted ways with Somalia after the start of the 1990 civil war.
Last month, the Foreign Affairs ministry directed Mr. Philip Mundia Githiora to establish the mission in the Somaliland capital.
Ethiopia and Djibouti have already set up diplomatic missions in Somaliland.
Source: http://www.standardmedia.co.ke
IS SOMALIA FEDERAL GOVERNMENT CRYING?
Somalia Flies Into Another Puerile Tantrum on ROS President Visit to Guinea
Date 7/3/2019 3:40:46 PM
(MENAFN – SomTribune) His Excellency the President of the Republic of Somaliland, Musa Behi Abdi, and a delegation he led is on a state visit to Guinea following an official invitation extended to him by President Alpha Conde’.
Somaliamedia reportedthat the Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs, Ahmed Awad, scheduled a press conference for 2 p.m., Wednesday, at which he was to fly into yet another harangue about some country – this time Guinea – violating ‘Somalia sovereignty’.
@MinisterMOFAbecomes apoplectic upon seeing howPresident@musebiihiof#SomalilandRepublic was most royally received in#Guinea . He called a press conference to protest only to cancel it the last minute. Instead, he’ll be writing another envious, silly letter to the AU.pic.twitter.com/mxLwjJVWnb
— Ibrahim J Abdi (@JIbrahimj)July 3, 2019
The meeting was called off at the last minute.
Similarly, a Tweet attributed to Villa Somalia President, Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed ‘Farmaajo’, which was hastily pulled out, circulated the social media.
“We are against all forms of diplomatic breaches witnessed in recent days, we call all brotherly countries to respect Somalia’s sovereignty and statehood,” the President, reportedly said in his Tweet before it was deleted.
To make matters worse, the Somalia government dispatched its ambassador to the EU to Senegal, sharing boundaries with Guinea where President Behi is to try to sway the Senegalese government to influence President Alpha Conde’ to lower state of reception for the visiting President.
I understood #Somaliahave send her EU representative to Senegal to protest somaliland’sengagement with Guinea.Can someone tell our neighbor. Africa is not EU.Guinea is not Senegal and somaliland is not Somalia. Just fix your own country and leave us alone.
— Ayan Mahamoud (@Gobannimo)July 3, 2019
Ms Ayan Mohamoud, Somaliland Head of Mission in the United Kingdom, was quick to point out how Somalia is misreading all the signs, continuing on a spree of embarrassing misjudgments.
President Behi’s visit to Guinea, obviously, is making other unexpected quarters jittery, too.
The Tweet below purports that President Behi is not only paying a state visit to Guinea to discuss bilateral relations and strengthen cooperation between the two East and West African countries but that there is a hidden agenda to the visit: to negotiate with Russia on a p[ossible Russian base in Somaliland.
The Tweet, as you can see below. fails to explain why that cannot be done at any place closer to home.
Analysts, however, dismissed above Tweet as another Somalia-inspired hoax to open many fronts on a more successful, but not internationally recognized, 28-year-old Somaliland.
Somalia (see below) has made another feeble lunge at Kenya and Somaliland protesting to the use of the word ‘countries’ in a Tweet the Kenyan PS of Foreign Affairs, Macharia Kamau, used in relation to a meeting he had with ROS Foreign Affairs Minister, Yassin Haji Mohamoud.
Somaliland and Somalia had never been signed or passed by parliament. It is only a matter of courtesy that Somaliland is talking to Somalia on matters relating how their relationship would be shaped without the union – or reunion as Somalia is obsessed with.
Somaliland was an independent nation recognized by more than 35 countries before the SNL party, led by the late president Mohamed Haji Ibrahim Egal unconditionally handed it over to Mogadishu only five days after independence in the mistaken belief that he was pioneering a Greater Somalia union of 5 Somalias.
Somalia Takes Another Feeble Swipe at Somaliland, Latter Responds
(MENAFN – SomTribune) In yet another attempt to put the world hostage to a non-existent, irrevocable, binding union between the Republic of Somaliland and it, Somalia has made another blunder which only diverts more attention to the long-standing dispute between the two countries.
Following up on other diplomatic pressures some of which it had scores with a world that had not read its history as meticulously as it should, the weak federal ‘government’ in Mogadishu wrote another biting letter to Kenya.
To deliver the so-called protecst, it summoned Ambassador Lucas Tumbo to its ministry of foreign affairs to highlight displeasure on a recent Tweet by Permanent-Secretary Macaria Makau relating to a meeting he had had with the Foreign Minister of the Somaliland Republic, Professor Yassin Haji Mohamoud.
PS Kamau stated that the two sides ‘discussed issues of mutual interest between the two countries and ways of strengthening cooperation’.
Somalia espied an affront in the tweet and was quick on the trigger trying to teach PS Macharia how to use the English language.
According to its letter the use of ‘two countries’ in reference to Somaliland and Kenya.
A press statement, carrying the core of Somalia’s professed ‘affront’ ran as follows:
“On Sunday (June 30th), the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation summoned the Ambassador of the Republic of Kenya to the Federal Republic of Somalia (?), Lt. General (Rtd) Lucas Tumbo, and handed him a protest note against an offensive tweet by the Principal Secretary of the Foreign Affairs of Kenya, Mr Macharia Kamau, on 27 June 2019.We consider this tweet an affront to Somalia’s sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity as well as harmful to the relationship between Kenya and Somalia.Somalia stands for good neighborliness, mutual respect and close cooperation with its neighbors, and expects the same from Kenya.END
The core message which the note carried was that the Tweet was an affront to sovereignty in which, obviously, Somalia believes the Republic of Somaliland was part of.
The Somaliland Foreign Ministry did not lose a moment but responded in kind – and in much better language, more diplomatic suavity.
“As a sovereign nation,” the FM response pointed out, “Somaliland’s right to engage in peaceful and foreign relations with all other nations is enshrined in international law, and all coercive and threatening measures to deny such cooperation between regional partners not only represent affronts to the principles and protocols on which the international order is based, but does little to promote the peace and security that the region requires”.
It went on to establish how important it was that government attended to their corners of the fence before they tried tearing down other people’s attainments, poking noses into every nook and corner except theirs.
“The Somaliland government thus implores its neighbour Somalia to focus its attention inward, towards meeting the many security, humanitarian and development challenges which the international community has invested so much, rather than involving itself in the affairs of other sovereign nations, including Kenya and Somaliland.
The delusion Villa Somalia harbours stems from an ill-fated, never signed, never approved by parliament union between the erstwhile British Protectorate of Somaliland and Italian Somalia on 1 July 1960. The two parts had nothing with one another until that date and, even then, their ‘marriage’ was not properly officiated.
This latest Somalia attempt follows close on the heels of other impotent protestations one of which tried to stop international partners dealing with Somaliland development as they saw fit.
Relations between the Republic of Kenya and the Republic of Somaliland have visibly strengthened since Somalia took a maritime boundary dispute it had developed with Kenya to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 2014.
Kenya has announced last year that it was going to officially open a diplomatic Mission in Hargeisa, the capital of Somaliland appointing Ambassador Philip Githora to head it.
Trade talks between the two countries have since gained fresh ground the latest development from which indicates that Kenya Airways may soon start direct flights connecting Hargeisa to Nairobi.
The international community-propped administration of federal Somalia has been biting its nails trying every trick in the world to keep the 28-year old, very mature, democratic Somaliland tucked away in the shadows forever – an impossible task in the circumstances.
Somaliland in another diplomatic breakthrough with president’s visit to Guinea
(MENAFN – SomTribune) Somaliland has made another diplomatic breakthrough with the state visit of the country’s president Musa Bihi Abdi to Guinea.
President Bihi is on a state visit to the West African nation of Guinea, on invitation by President Alpha Conde.
The visit is a sure sign of Somaliland’s rapid acceptance across the African continent and its growing economic and trading links with other nations.
President Musa Bihi and President Conde pledged to find ways working together in trade and fostering cooperation.
The Somaliland government is steadily building its case for recognition on the basis of trade and business opportunities with its fellow Africans, arguing that an independent Somaliland capable of trading with African and international partners will be a benefit to all and strengthen peace, prosperity and security.
Bihi who came to power after a peaceful, free and fair election with a peaceful transfer of power only 18 moths ago has been on a shuttle diplomacy to build Somaliland’s case for recognition. He has already Ethiopia, Djibouti, the United Arab Emirates.
Somaliland already enjoys warm and growing ties in East African, most notably with Kenya and it is keen on marketing itself as a new and profitable frontier economy in the region with considerable untapped resources.
Unlike neighboring Somalia which continues to be ridden with violence, instability and terrorism, Somaliland is enjoys stability and peace.
Unlike Somalia which continues to battle Al Shabaab on a daily basis despite massive support from AMISOM peacekeepers has suffered 589 documented acts of terrorism and assassination. By comparison, Somaliland has see only 1 act of terrorism in 27 years.
This peace and stability and open market economy is the reason why 10,000 Kenyans have made the journey to Somaliland in search of jobs and economic opportunity.
Kenyans can be found living freely and making a good living in the Somaliland capital, Hargeisa working as teachers, hotel managers, restauranteurs, architects, advisors in agriculture, construction and much more.
Somaliland minister for foreign affairs and international cooperation Yassin Haji Mohamoud said the mission to Guinea is to build the same kind of close relations with West African countries as Somaliland enjoys with East African nations
‘Of course the two countries will be discussing matters of mutual interest during our stay in Guinea,’ the minister said.
Guinea is richly endowed with minerals, possessing an estimated quarter of the world’s proven reserves of bauxite, more than 1.8 billion metric tons of high-grade iron ore, significant diamond and gold deposits, and undetermined quantities of uranium.
Somaliland is also endowed with considerable mineral wealth particularly iron ore, uranium, platinum, rare-earth metals, gold, copper tine and manganese.
Recent geological surveys indicate that Somaliland also has abundant deposits of gemstones, from emerald to aquamarine, ruby and sapphire as well as vast amounts of garnet, quartz and opal as well as lesser-known minerals such as titanite and vesuvianite .
Somaliland also is known to be a highly promising country for oil and gas. Two international oil exploration companies, the British company Genel and the UAE based RAK Gas will begin drilling their first exploration wells early next year.
No doubt the Somaliland delegation will want to learn from Guinea’s experience in this field as the International Monetary Fund {IMF} has identified mining as the key sector in Guinea’s economy.
‘The Guinean economy is growing at a fast pace, driven by a buoyant mining sector,’ Giorgia Albertin, the IMF’s mission chief for Guinea, said previously.
Somaliland finance minister Dr Saad Ali Shire who is part of the delegation to Guinea said the tour is to learn how the country has modelled its economy especially in the mining sector.
But there are other untapped business opportunities that Somaliland wants to attract African investors and companies too. Somaliland has an 900km coastline with some of the richest seafood and marine resources which is barely touched as well as fertile agricultural lands which remain uncultivated.
But the economic transformation of Somaliland is already underway with the $450 million investment by the UAE global logistics company DP World currently transforming Berbera port in Somaliland into a regional transportation hub.
On the flipside, Somaliland’s economy is currently vastly dependent on remittances from its committed diaspora community, which provide 55% of the GDP.
The country too is active in livestock exportation. President Musa Bihi aims to foster deeper and closer links with African countries on the basis of trade, business opportunities and investment in order to transform the economy of Somaliland and benefit African partners.
Guinea is the third African nation the Somaliland president has visited this year after his visit to Djibouti and Ethiopia in February. However, another crucial part of President Musa Bihi’s visit to Guinea is to build a case for the country’s international recognition which is slowly but surely gathering momentum.
ByDerek Otieno
Somaliland President Flies Out to Visit Guinea Conakry
(MENAFN – SomTribune) His Excellency the President of the Republic of Somaliland, Musa Behi Abdi, Monday, flew out of the country to visit the West African country of Guinea (Conakry).
President Alpha Conde’
The President, according to the Foreign minister, Professor Yassin Haji Mohamoud Hiir ‘Farattton’, was responding to an official invitation he and his government received from the Guinean President, Alpha Condé.
“Of course the two countries will be discussing matters of mutual interest during its stay in Guinea,” Professor Faratoon said.
On this visit, Minister Faratoon disclosed, the President’s delegation will include himself, the Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, the Minister of Finance, Dr Saad Ali Shire, the Minister for Health Development Omar Abdi (Omar Dheere) and a member of the Somaliland Recognition Taskforce, the very formidable Dr Edna Adan Ismail.
The inclusion of the last member and the fact that the delegation was traversing the continent from its eastern tip to its furthest west, implied loads but, however, neither the press probed nor answers were volunteered.
Minister Faratoon, on a separate note, speaking, of Somalia completely taking over the Somaliland airspace, said it was regrettable that the caretaker international agency – ICAO – went in cahoots with Somalia transferring management to it unfairly and without taking all possible ramifications into account.
Again the media failed to ask him why the government did not challenge the transfer process which had been on for the past two to three years and so abundantly covered by both local and international media.
Guinea borders the Atlantic Ocean to the west. On land, it shares borders with Guinea Bissau, The Gambia, Mali, Sierra Leone, Liberia and Cote d’Ivoire. Its population is estimated at 12.7 million and has a total area of 245,720 Km2 (94,873 sq. miles). 39.8 % of the population is urban (5,328,964 people in 2019).
Trump says ‘I don’t care about the Europeans’ after questions on Iran crisis
© Provided by Independent Digital News & Media Limited
Donald Trump has said he “doesn’t care about the Europeans” when it comes to dealing with Iran as the feud between Washington and Tehran escalates.
The US president said he had called off an attack against Iran in response to the shooting down of an American drone because he “didn’t think it was proportionate”.
Yet Mr Trump also said the US military had identified Iranian targets for air strikes. “I have so many targets you wouldn’t believe … We have targets all over,” he told interviewer Chuck Todd on NBC’s Meet the Press.
“I’m not looking for war and if there is, it’ll be obliteration like you’ve never seen before. But I’m not looking to do that.”
Mr Trump dismissed European leaders’ efforts to uphold the Iranian nuclear deal forged between world powers in 2015.
“I don’t care about the Europeans,” he said. “The Europeans are going out and making a lot of money … In France, they’re selling cars to Iran. They’re doing other things.”
He added: “And let me tell you, we’re very good to Europe. We take care of them. NATO, we spend a tremendous amount … On trade, the European Union’s taken, really, they have really taken advantage of us for a long time.”
Mr Trump said he backed away from the planned strikes about 30 minutes before the planes were ready to leave after learning 150 people would be killed. “I didn’t like it. I didn’t think it was, I didn’t think it was proportionate.”
Asked by Mr Todd whether he felt pushed into military action by any of his team, such as national security adviser John Bolton, the US president said: “I have two groups of people. I have doves and I have hawks.
“Yeah, John Bolton is absolutely a hawk. If it was up to him he’d take on the whole world at one time, okay? But that doesn’t matter because I want both sides.”
WATCH: President Trump tells Meet the Press: “Saudi Arabia is a big buyer of American product. That means something to me. It’s a big producer of jobs.… Take their money. Take their money, Chuck. “
Asked what he thinks Iran wants, Mr Trump said, “I think they want to negotiate. And I think they want to make a deal. And my deal is nuclear. Look, they’re not going to have a nuclear weapon … I don’t think they like the position they’re in. Their economy is absolutely broken.”
Questioned about the death of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, Mr Trump said he did not discuss it during a phone call on Friday with Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.
When asked about arms deals with Saudi Arabia, the president said: “I’m not like a fool that says, “We don’t want to do business with them.” And by the way, if they don’t do business with us, you know what they do? They’ll do business with the Russians or with the Chinese … Take their money. Take their money, Chuck.”
WATCH: President Trump tells Meet the Press: “Saudi Arabia is a big buyer of American product. That means something to me. It’s a big producer of jobs.… Take their money. Take their money, Chuck. ” #MTP #IfItsSunday pic.twitter.com/U3OxAwtZOJ — Meet the Press (@MeetThePress) June 23, 2019
source :The Independent
Adam Forrest
UK opens new training centre for the Somali National Army in Baidoa
Source: British Embassy Mogadishu
The Baidoa Security Training Centre will support the Somali National Army and promote long-term stability and security in Somali
MOGADISHU, Somalia, June 10, 2019/APO Group/ —
Somalia’s Minister of Defence, Hassan Ali Mohammed, Southwest State Speaker, Abdulkadir Shariif Sheekhuna, and the UK Foreign Office’s Political Director, Richard Moore, today opened a new UK training facility for the Somali National Army (SNA) in Baidoa.
The Baidoa Security Training Centre (BSTC), supported by the British government’s Conflict, Stability and Security Fund (CSSF), will support the SNA and promote long-term stability and security in Somalia. The new centre will train up to 120 Somali National Army soldiers at a time and will help the SNA improve the quality of its training.
Speaking at the opening of the facility, British Ambassador to Somalia, Ben Fender, said:
“The UK is one of the major international providers of support to the Somali National Army. We’re playing a central part in helping the SNA conduct current operations in Lower Shabelle including through giving practical help to the newly recovered areas – like new housing for Sabid community.”
The UK is one of the major international providers of support to the Somali National Army
“In Baidoa, the Somali forces we are supporting have been building defensive positions to make the approach roads into the city more secure. This is having a direct impact on the number of attacks in the city and the security of the surrounding area.”
“The SNA are motivated, keen to learn and professional. We are committed to long-term co-operation in order to help Somalia improve security and regain full control over its territory.”
The Somalia’s Minister of Defence, Hassan Ali Mohammed said:
“Security and stability is crucial for the future of Somalia. Al Shabaab is a threat to the national security and supporting the army is vital in undermining the extremist efforts.”
“I would like to thank the UK government for their continuous support to Somalia. To the SNA you have an important role to play in securing the country, take advantage of the trainings provided to better yourself and to secure the country.”
The British military personnel have been training the SNA since January 2017. They have delivered courses on areas such as medical skills, leadership, equipment care, logistics and human rights.
Distributed by APO Group on behalf of British Embassy Mogadishu.
UK’s organised crime threat at record level, warns National Crime Agency
Mark Townsend
© PA ‘Law enforcement needs new investment to help combat organised crime,’ says Lynne Owens, director general of the National Crime Agency.
Britain risks losing the fight against organised crime unless police receive significant new resources to tackle the “chronic and corrosive” threat from such groups, the head of the National Crime Agency has warned.
In a chilling assessment, the NCA’s director general, Lynne Owens, said the threat from organised crime groups was at unprecedented levels. “It is chronic and corrosive. The message needs to be heard by everyone.”
She added: “People should understand that serious and organised crime kills more of our citizens every year than terrorism, war and natural disasters combined.”
In a rare political intervention, the head of an agency often described as Britain’s equivalent to the FBI reopened the debate on police funding, arguing that without significant investment the UK’s forces would fall further behind the criminals exploiting encrypted communications technology and dark web anonymity.
“Against a backdrop of globalisation, extremism and technological advances, serious and organised crime is changing fast, and law enforcement needs significant new investment to help combat it,” said Owens, ahead of this week’s launch of the NCA’s annual strategic assessment into the impact of organised crime.
Last year Whitehall’s spending watchdog revealed the jobs of 44,000 police officers and staff had been lost since 2010, when the coalition government came to power, and that the Home Office had failed to even forecast the possible impact.
The writer Misha Glenny, who will chair a panel of senior officers at the NCA’s report launch in London on Tuesday, said the austerity drive had allowed powerful crime syndicates to flourish in the UK.
Glenny, whose book McMafia documented the globalisation of crime after the break-up of the Soviet bloc, said that when it was published in 2008 organised crime was viewed as a global concern and its impact on most British citizens was minimal.
“In the past 10 years what is really striking is how this industry has grown inside the UK. Austerity has been absolutely critical in this, partly because of the reduction in police capacity but also because of the continuing increase in inequality. A lot of victims of organised crime tend to be people on the margins who don’t have a voice. When you get an impoverishment of the population, which is what we have had over the last 10 years, you get an increase in desperation, and that opens up opportunities,” added Glenny.
Transnational criminal networks, the exploitation of technological improvements and “old-style violence” is allowing serious crime gangs to “dominate communities”, the NCA assessment will say this week.
“It will reveal the changing nature of organised crime and its wholesale undermining of the UK’s economy, integrity, infrastructure and institutions,” said the NCA in a statement.
The assessment, described as the most comprehensive yet by the NCA, will also chart the rise of poly-criminality where organised groups operate in several illegal trades such as drugs, firearms and human trafficking.
Last year the agency mapped 4,629 OCGs (organised crime groups) inside the UK with tens of thousands of members and says the threat has since continued to grow. One area of enduring concern remains the use of encrypted and anonymisation technology, the latter primarily on the dark web, that have eroded the ability of investigators to detect offenders.
One area of enduring concern remains the use of encrypted and anonymisation technology, the latter primarily on the dark web
On Saturday, the NCA celebrated the conclusion of an eight-year investigation by seizing £6m worth of assets, including an award-winning luxury hotel and a £100,000 Bentley, from alleged members of an international money-laundering group.
The assessment is also expected to warn that advances in technologies, such as artificial intelligence and the introduction of 5G, will present further potential opportunities for criminals.
Uncertainty surrounding Brexit will also be identified by the agency as an area for criminal exploitation. Last year the NCA raised concerns that crime groups would exploit “the design and implementation of a new UK customs system, or increased challenges for EU and UK law enforcement in locating and extraditing international fugitives, if the UK were to lose enforcement or intelligence-sharing tools”.
The report will also document the latest developments on modern slavery and human trafficking, organised immigration crime, cyber-crime, money-laundering, drugs and guns. So-called “county lines” drug supply networks are still expected to affect all 43 police forces in England and Wales.
Source: The Gaudian
Huawei tech would risk UK-US intelligence ties, official says
A US official has warned that the UK and any other western countries that adopt Huawei technology for 5G mobile phone networks risk affecting intelligence cooperation with the United States
The escalation of the rhetoric comes days after a leak indicated the UK was prepared to give Huawei the go-ahead to supply “non-core” infrastructure – a security measure that the US said on Monday would not work in practice.
Robert Strayer, a deputy assistant secretary at the US Department of State, said on Monday that Huawei “was not a trusted vendor” and any use of its technology in 5G networks was a risk.
He said the US would “have to reassess our ability to be interconnected and share information” if Huawei was used by the UK or other European countries, implying intelligence sharing could be at risk.
Last week a tense UK national security council meeting narrowly approved in principle to Huawei being allowed to supply “non-core” 5G technology, despite objections from five of the cabinet ministers present and months of US lobbying.
The decision was leaked to the Daily Telegraph, prompting an inquiry in which ministers, advisers and officials are likely to be interviewed, and which will probably lead to calls for the leaker to be sacked, regardless of their seniority.
One of the ministers who objected, Jeremy Hunt, reiterated his concerns about Huawei overnight on an official visit to Africa.
The foreign secretary, widely considered a Conservative leadership candidate, said there should be “a degree of caution” about the role of large Chinese companies in the UK “because of the degree of control the Chinese state is able to exercise over them”.
Repeating rhetoric used by US intelligence agencies last week, Strayer said countries that adopted Huawei technology risked handing China “a loaded gun”, amid fears the technology could be used for mass surveillance.
He said such decisions were something that “western democracies who are concerned about human rights need to think carefully about”.
Although Strayer was simply restating the position of the Trump administration about Chinese telecoms equipment, the briefing was clearly a calculated intervention after the leak in the UK.
Gallery: The Trump administration is warning allies to stay away from a powerful Chinese company — but not everyone’s listening (Business Insider)
source:msn.com
President Donald J. Trump Remains Committed to Egypt and Middle East Stability
CAIRO, Egypt, April 10, 2019/APO Group
“It’s a great honor to be with President El-Sisi, a friend—a great friend—of Egypt. And we have very special things happening. Our relationship has never been stronger. And we’re working with Egypt on many different fronts, including military and trade.” – President Donald J. Trump
It’s a great honor to be with President El-Sisi, a friend—a great friend—of Egypt
A STRATEGIC AND POWERFUL PARTNERSHIP: The United States and Egypt have a strong relationship with many security and economic implications.
Today marks the second visit of President El-Sisi to the White House since 2017.
Egypt has long been an important strategic partner in the Middle East.
United States assistance to Egypt has played a central role in the country’s economic and military development.
Since the 1979 Egypt–Israel Treaty of Peace, the United States has provided Egypt with more than $40 billion in military assistance and $30 billion in economic assistance.
Egypt has become an anchor of stability in the Middle East, as exemplified by its enduring forty-year peace with Israel.
The United States encourages the Egyptian government to preserve space for civil society and to protect human rights.
PROMOTING REGIONAL STABILITY: President Trump is strengthening our partnership with Egypt and promoting regional stability across the Middle East.
President Trump is working with Egypt on issues impacting regional stability including conflicts in Libya, Syria, and Yemen and progress on the Middle East Strategic Alliance.
The Trump Administration is working with Egypt to combat terrorism and to stop the spread of radical Islamic terrorism.
The United States is providing Egypt with military training and equipment to support counterterrorism efforts.
We continue to strengthen our strategic relationship through security cooperation and broader security efforts.
President Trump applauds Egypt’s efforts to advance female economic empowerment and promote religious freedom.
The Trump Administration supports the Egyptian government’s bold program of economic reform, which will set Egypt on the course of long-term economic stability.
Egypt hosted the inaugural meeting of the Eastern Mediterranean Gas Forum, which will enhance economic cooperation and shared prosperity among countries across the region.
EXPANDING FAIR AND RECIPROCAL TRADE: President Trump is building on the strong and robust trade relationship between the United States and Egypt.
The United States and Egypt have a robust bilateral trade relationship.
President Trump hopes to build on this relationship through cooperation and mutual benefit.
America is one of Egypt’s leading trade partners.
In 2018, the United States goods trade surplus with Egypt was $2.6 billion, a 9.3 percent increase from 2017.
In 2018, United States goods exports to Egypt totaled $5.1 billion, up 26.7 percent from 2017.
America and Egypt continue to work together to promote fair trade and increased investment by addressing market access, standards, labor, and intellectual property protection issues.
Distributed by APO Group on behalf of U.S. Embassy – Cairo.
High-level visit by international partners to Hargeisa, SomaliIand
Source: British Embassy Mogadishu |
The delegation met with President Muse Bihi Abdi, all political parties, Parliament, the Electoral Commission and representatives of civil society organisations
MOGADISHU, Somalia, April 10, 2019/APO Group/ —
A high-level delegation of Ambassadors and representatives from Denmark, European Union, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom visited Hargeisa, Somaliland, on 2 to 3 April 2019. The delegation met with H.E. President Muse Bihi Abdi, all political parties, Parliament, the Electoral Commission and representatives of civil society organisations.
The main purpose of the visit was to demonstrate the partners’ continued support for Somaliland’s democratisation process and, in that context, underline the need for parliamentary and local council elections to take place on time on 12 December 2019.
The delegation noted with concern the lack of progress in the preparations for the elections due to disagreements between the three main political parties and in the passage of electoral legislation in the Parliament.
The delegation expressed the willingness of the international community to work with Somaliland to address the current drought
The delegation regretted this state of affairs, and underlined the risks that further delay would pose to the democratic credentials and international perception of Somaliland. Partners urged all political parties to demonstrate their commitment and will to make the necessary compromises to unblock the stalemate and to support the work of the Electoral Commission.They also urged the House of Representatives to accelerate the passage of the Electoral Law.
They underlined that elections should be held according to the principles of inclusiveness, transparency and credibility in a peaceful environment and stressed that women and minorities needed to be provided with a legally enforceable right to participate and be elected.
The delegation expressed the willingness of the international community to work with Somaliland to address the current drought. The delegation stressed that the long-term solution to the negative impact of recurrent droughts lay with a sustainable and resilient development trajectory.
They also welcomed a commitment by the H.E. President Muse Bihi Abdi to pursuing dialogue with H.E. President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed Farmaajo and with H.E. President Said Abdullahi Deni of Puntland, including on current security challenges.
The delegation thanked their hosts for their warm hospitality during the visit and reaffirmed their support for Somaliland’s development and democratisation.
Who are the likely runners and riders to replace the Prime Minister?
By Harriet Line, Press Association Political Correspondent Theresa May says she will resign as prime minister if it means her Brexit deal passes May’s bombshell resignation statement in full
© Victoria Jones Theresa May’s time in office could be coming to a close (Victoria Jones/PA)
Theresa May’s announcement to Conservative MPs that she is prepared to step down for the second phase of Brexit talks should her EU withdrawal deal pass has sparked speculation about who might replace her.
The Prime Minister’s decision to tell the 1922 Committee that she “won’t stand in the way” of new leadership prompted leading Brexiteer Jacob Rees-Mogg to say: “The great joy of the Tory Party is it has so many talented people in it. It’s like finding a fast bowler in Yorkshire. You just call and one appears.”
Here’s a look at key names currently being floated to take the helm if Mrs May steps down.
© Provided by The Press Association The Environment Secretary said it was “not the time to change the captain of the ship’ (Victoria Jones/PA)
The Environment Secretary had a bruising experience in the last Tory leadership race but he is now seen as the favourite at 7-2 – according to William Hill – to replace Mrs May, largely due to his Brexiteer credentials.
In June 2016, Mr Gove, who was campaign manager for Boris Johnson’s drive to succeed David Cameron, withdrew his support on the morning Mr Johnson was due to declare and threw his own hat in the ring instead.
He came third in the first round of voting, trailing behind ultimate winner Mrs May and Andrea Leadsom.
Mr Gove, 51, was born in Edinburgh, studied English at Oxford and was a journalist before becoming an MP. He is married to Daily Mail columnist Sarah Vine.
Despite speculation he could take the job, he told reporters on Sunday it was “not the time to change the captain of the ship”.
© Provided by The Press Association David Lidington said ‘I don’t think that I’ve any wish to take over from the PM’ (Stefan Rousseau/PA)
Mrs May’s de facto deputy is seen by some as the natural caretaker prime minister but he has been clear he does not want the job.
“One thing that working closely with the Prime Minister does is cure you completely of any lingering shred of ambition to want to do that task,” he said on Sunday.
William Hill are offering odds of 6-1 for him to become Number 10’s next occupant.
The 62-year-old has been the MP for Aylesbury since 1992 and was minister of state for Europe from 2010 to 2016. He is married with four children.
© Provided by The Press Association Boris Johnson was a key player in the 2017 Leave campaign (Stefan Rousseau/PA)
Prominent Brexiteer and former foreign secretary Mr Johnson has been a leading voice of opposition to Mrs May’s Brexit plan.
The colourful Old Etonian was one of the key players in the 2017 Leave campaign and resigned from the Cabinet following the Chequers summit in July.
He was heavily tipped as a successor to Mr Cameron but ruled himself out of the 2016 leadership contest after Mr Gove made a last-minute bid for the top job.
Odds of him taking the helm have come in at 6-1, according to William Hill, but he is likely to have the backing of many pro-Leave members of the party.
© Provided by The Press Association Jeremy Hunt chose not to run in the 2016 leadership contest (Stefan Rousseau/PA)
Foreign Secretary Jeremy Hunt, with odds of 10-1 at William Hill, was a prominent Remainer in the 2016 referendum.
As health secretary, Mr Hunt fought a long battle with doctors over a new contract.
The 52-year-old, who was first elected as MP for South West Surrey in 2005, was appointed Foreign Secretary in July following the resignation of Mr Johnson.
He chose not to run in the 2016 leadership contest and instead gave his full support to Mrs May, saying it was “not the right time” to put his hat in the ring.
Mr Hunt made a public shift towards Euroscepticism after the referendum, which could win him allies in the Leave camp if he ran for the top job.
Dominic Raab
© Provided by The Press Association Dominic Raab is thought to have ambitions of taking on the top job (Steve Parsons/PA)
With odds at 12-1, Mr Raab is an outlier to take over from the Prime Minister but is thought to harbour ambitions for the role.
Mr Raab, a prominent Brexiteer in the referendum campaign, was appointed as Brexit secretary in July but resigned from the role in November, saying he could not support Mrs May’s eventual deal.
In his resignation letter on November 15, he wrote: “Ultimately, you deserve a Brexit Secretary who can make the case for the deal you are pursuing with conviction. I am only sorry, in good conscience, that I cannot.”
Mr Raab, 44, has been the MP for Esher and Walton since he was elected in 2010.
Source: Microsoft News
Somaliya iyo Xaaladeeda maxaa ka dhaba warbixintan ?
What on earth is Djibouti doing?
source: CAJ News Africa
In its quest for development, Djibouti has enlisted China’s help
WASHINGTON D.C., United States of America, March 19, 2019/APO Group/ —
Djibouti is destroying itself in its quest for development
In its quest for development, Djibouti has enlisted China’s help. The African country sees itself as the tail wagging the dog, but nothing could be further from the truth. China has its eyes set on Africa as a means to enrich itself, not Africa.
In 1980, Chinese trade with Africa stood at $1 billion, by 2014 it was $200 billion. In 2013, Xi Jinping announced his “One Belt, One Road” (OBOR) initiative. It is comprised of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the Maritime Silk Road, linking Asia and Europe much like the original Silk Road that was established 2,100 years ago. Only three African countries are directly involved in OBOR: Kenya, Egypt, and Djibouti. The latter two countries owe their place in the scheme to their strategic locations, as 30% of world trade passes through the Suez Canal, from the Indian Ocean through the Red Sea and then onwards to Europe.
Djibouti has a population of less than 1 million people and a GDP of only $1.8 billion, as well as having no natural strategic resources. The reason China is interested in it is because Djibouti is located (wapo.st/2FmH0rk) at the southern tip of the Red Sea. The Bad al-Mandab strait on which it sits sees around 4.8 million barrels of oil pass through it every day and between 10 and 20% of global trade every year. Situated opposite Yemen and Somalia, it is also a nerve centre for Western and regional anti-terror operations.
To this end, China is funding 14 mega projects in Djibouti worth almost $10 billion. It has also lent the country almost $1 billion and funds 40% of its infrastructure projects. One such project is a 63-mile water pipeline to transport drinking water from Ethiopia to Djibouti, with China footing a bill of over $300 million.
Debts must be paid
Djibouti is paying a high price for China’s assistance – literally. In 2014, Djibouti’s debt (bit.ly/2TTEv8e) was roughly 50% of GDP, by 2018 that had jumped to over 105%, with much of it owed to China. If the African country thinks the East is any more forgiving than the West, then it needs to think again. When Sri Lanka (bit.ly/2HtKcUz) was unable to pay back Chinese loans, it was forced to give China a 99-year lease and 70% stake in the Hambantota port that Beijing had built for them. There is no such thing as free money.
Blinded by dollar signs, Djibouti has also been unwilling to see that the price it will pay is not just financial. China’s “corrupting influence” on the small African country is already being reported (bit.ly/2Wd6lKa) on in world media.
One international case exemplifies this perfectly. In 2004, a deal (bit.ly/2ud2PmU) between the UAE and Djibouti effectively meant that the former would run all the latter’s ports for a 30-year period. Djibouti’s Doraleh port was built under this agreement, only for the host country to nationalise it in February 2008. This was a strident breach of international business norms.
Djibouti claimed the UAE reached the deal through bribery, and that it was intentionally retarding the progress of its ports to defend the status of UAE ports. The London Court of International Arbitration dismissed these claims and said the deal was still valid and had to be respected.
The UAE then took the state-backed China Merchants Port Holdings to court – accusing China of turning Djibouti against it. Djibouti had broken the deal by selling shares in ports to China Merchants, and agreeing to build and develop other ports with Chinese help. Both Djibouti and China have simply ignored the court order and carried on business as usual. If Djibouti thinks anyone other than China will want to do business with it after this affair, then it is sorely mistaken.
A key figure in this chain of corruption is Ismail Ibrahim Houmed, one of Djibouti President Ismail Omar Guelleh’s most senior and trusted advisors. Housed plays a key role in both internal politicking and foreign trade. He is attached to the Foreign Affairs Ministry and directly advises the president on foreign policy, and has previously held a string of low-level ministerial portfolios including transport and justice.
Houmed has had links since with China since at least 2007 when he minister of transport and oversaw the $4 billion deal for the Djibouti-Ethiopia electric railway – a Chinese venture. He helped China Merchants’ subsidiary company acquire the controversial stake in the Doraleh port.
Djibouti has a population of less than 1 million people and a GDP of only $1.8 billion, as well as having no natural strategic resources
Djibouti is not developing with Chinese assistance, its economy is being crushed by debt while its elite are being enriched through corruption.
Djibouti likes to think of itself as invincible on the world stage. This is due to it housing the largest number of foreign military bases in the world. These bases are from the US, Japan, Italy, and France, the latter of which is also used by German and Spanish forces. Djibouti’s location at the Bar al-mandeb strait is near Somalia where piracy is rife, giving world powers an excuse to send military forces to the area.
On 1 August 2017 China opened its first-ever foreign military base in Djibouti. It calls it a support base, but within two months of its opening China was conducting live fire exercises. The heavily fortified (bit.ly/2O6N74F) Chinese base was accused by the US of firing lasers at US military planes, injuring US pilots. China says the naval base has four functions: intelligence collection, non-combat evacuations, peacekeeping support, and counter-terrorism. It is widely seen however as a testing ground for future naval and military bases to protect OBOR.
Camp Lemonnier, the US base, houses thousands of troops and was set up after the September 11 attacks to coordinate US military activity in the region. China’s base is located less than 10 miles away, next to Doraleh port that China allegedly nudged Djibouti to seize, and where China now also has exclusive use of one of the port’s berths.
Djibouti’s infidelity has not gone unnoticed in the West. European news websites have raised alarm bells, with one (bit.ly/2QluniW) saying: “China’s overseas military expansion will eventually manifest in the contest between the new world order that China advocates and the liberal international order that Europe both cherishes and wishes to advance.” US defence websites have also called for (bit.ly/2Thjxvp) “a much more aggressive plant to beat China” and US senators have (bit.ly/2CCE1tl) sent letters to their secretaries of state and defence about how China might squeeze US troops’ supply lines there. Israel has asked (bit.ly/2TKxVBA) the US to deploy more troops to Djibouti to counter China.
The Council on Foreign Relations has said (on.cfr.org/2ufQr5x) that China’s strategy in Djibouti was to mix commercial and military interests. What this means is that Djibouti is playing a geopolitical game much larger than itself, and placed itself in the crosshairs. There is simply no way it will come out on top in the event of a political, let alone military, escalation.
No end in sight
If Djibouti thinks it can maintain the status quo where it is playing all sides to its benefit, then it is mistaken. This is not over. In fact, the West is already squaring up against China.
In March 2019, Macron visited Djibouti, Ethiopia, and Kenya to beat back rising Chinese influence.
“China is a great world power and has expanded its presence in many countries, especially in Africa, in recent years,” he said (reut.rs/2TBQCqS) alongside the Djibouti president. “But what can look good in the short term… can often end up being bad over the medium to long term. I wouldn’t want a new generation of international investments to encroach on our historical partners’ sovereignty or weaken their economies.”
The warning went over the heads of the Djiboutis, who still cannot see the danger they are in. One Djibouti government official said (reut.rs/2TBQCqS): “Business is business. The Chinese invest here, while the French aren’t competitive. The French are late, very late. And they have no money.”
The Djibouti president himself had accused France previously of abandoning their former colony and not investing enough. He most likely thinks he has now found a solution to that problem. If so, he is wrong.
China is intent on eating Djibouti “like groceries (bit.ly/2JownZ4).” Djibouti needs to stop chewing khat (bit.ly/2JoJObG), and start smelling the coffee.
Distributed by APO Group on behalf of CAJ News Africa
Up to 30 dead as Australian white supremacist, 28, opens fire in Christchurch mosque and livestreams the slaughter as cars loaded with bombs are found and a woman and three men are arrested
Ben Hill For Daily Mail Australia
A 28-year-old Australian white supremacist has opened fire at a mosque in New Zealand, shooting at children and reportedly killing at least 30 people
© Provided by Associated Newspapers Limited One of the gunmen is believed to have live-streamed the mass shooting inside the Al Noor Mosque, which happened at 1.30pm as Friday prayers were underway Witnesses reported hearing 50 shots from his weapons including a semi-automatic shotgun and a rifle at Al Noor Mosque in Christchurch on the country’s South Island.
© Provided by Associated Newspapers Limited A man who identified himself as Brenton Tarrant (pictured) live-streamed the massacre of dozens of people in Christchurch, New Zealand The suspected gunman posted a 87-page manifesto to Twitter before the killings, foreshadowing a ‘terrorist attack’.
People were also reportedly shot at the nearby Linwood Masjid mosque.
There was another shooting outside Christchurch Hospital and multiple bombs were attached to cars three near the mosque.
Police have urged people near the area to stay indoors and report suspicious behaviour, describing the incident as ‘critical’.
Source: https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/world
Maskaxdaada la kaasho Horfadhi media iyo warbixintan!
Puntland waxaa lagu yaqaaney Budhcad Badeed Ma waxay Ku Darsatey Budhcad Bari!
Cleaner finds £300,000 in cash on London bus – and RETURNS it to police
Claire Gilbody-Dickerson
© Getty Images Senior male holding British bank notes in his right hand, £50, £20, £10 and £5 pound notes.
An incredibly honest cleaner who found £300,000 in cash on a London bus decided to hand it in to the police rather than keep the stash of money that could’ve settled them for a lifetime.
The cleaner, hired by Cordant Cleaning, found the money in a brown envelope after an absent-minded passenger left it there.
Had the lucky finder kept the money they most certainly wouldn’t have needed to carry on scraping floors for a living.
But the cleaner, whose identity hasn’t been disclosed, sacrificed the prospect of a future lavish lifestyle and rather than nicking the hefty sum, returned it to the Met police.
© Getty Images The money was found in a brown envelope on a London bus
Some of the cleaner’s colleagues, however, ran into far less attractive items left behind by travellers that just had to be binned.
They include a deep fryer found on a bus in Leeds and a positive pregnancy tests in Southampton.
Sex toys and soiled nappies were also found in Leeds, while a pair of dirty knickers in London were one cleaner’s lucky find.
Vomit containing false teeth was found on a bus in Southampton, where someone also dumped poo with a flag stuck in it.
But the most revolting finds by Cordant Cleaning staff were on a Glasgow double-decker – a used tampon tied to a handrail and a large fresh animal heart under a seat.
Cordant boss Guy Pakenham said: “More often than not I’m left shocked when my team tell me about the disgusting things they have to get rid of when cleaning buses up and down the UK.
“But I can only praise their dedication and good humour.
“They don’t seem to be fazed by anything.
“Thankfully our staff are fully trained and equipped to deal with cleaning hazards like these.
“But we can only urge passengers that next time they defecate on the floor of a bus, or throw up their own false teeth, please remember
to take all of your items with you.”
Source: Msn news
UNFPA Statement on the death of 12-year-old Aisha Ilyes Aden
27 February 2019 57 179 0 0
Stop gender-based violence
Statement attributable to the outgoing UNFPA Representative for Somalia, Mr. Nikolai Botev, incoming UNFPA Representative for Somalia Mr. Anders Thomsen, and UNFPA Head of Puntland Office Dr. Maryan Qasim
Garowe, 26 February 2019 – We are shocked by the death of 12-year-old Aisha Ilyes Aden who has been brutally murdered after being kidnapped, raped and tortured in northern Galkayo. As the UN agency leading globally the charge to end violence against women and girls, UNFPA condemns this hideous act of gender-based violence.
Gender-based violence is a grave violation of individual women’s and girls’ rights; the rape and subsequent murder of Aisha is a terrible example of that. Moreover, the impunity enjoyed by perpetrators, and the fear generated by their actions, has an effect on all women and girls. The violence reflects and reinforces the discrimination against women and girls, perpetuating a vicious cycle that is detrimental to their development and progress.
UNFPA stands with Aisha’s family and fully supports the authorities, communities and activists fighting against gender-based violence and for women’s human rights in Somalia. UNFPA calls for a speedy investigation into Aisha’s murder and for the enforcement of the Sexual Offenses Law, which criminalises all sexual offences in the Puntland State of Somalia.
There simply is no place for violence against girls and women in the world today and in the future we are striving to create where every girl in Somalia grows up able to experience her inherent dignity, human rights and equality. Today and every day, let’s stand up for the human rights, safety and dignity of every woman and girl everywhere.
For more information please contact UNFPA Somalia Communications, Partnerships & Donor Relations Specialist Pilirani Semu-Banda on e-mail: semu-banda@unfpa.org
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Speakers HolyJS 2019 Piter
Ryan is from California. He studied mathematics at UCSD and University of Rochester before pursuing software professionally. In 2009, he created Node.js. Ryan managed the project through its initial years of development, before yielding it in favor of other interests like build systems, computer vision, and electronic music. Currently he lives in Brooklyn.
Michel Weststrate michel.codes
Tech Lead and Open Source evangelist at Mendix. Speaker, blogger and author of MobX, MobX-state-tree, immer and several other libraries.
Denys Mishunov GitLab
Denys is a front-end developer & public speaker living and working in Norway. Being 2-in-1: an art school graduate and an engineer, Denys is passionate about psychology, physics, history, drawing. In his day-to-day job he enjoys getting to the heart of the matter of things and processes. Originally on "CSS side", for the last years Denys has been building JavaScript applications using Web Components, still breaking CSS, abusing HTML and working with performance optimisations of pretty much all aspects of the front-end toolset.
Stanimira Vlaeva Progress Software
Stanimira is a software engineer on the NativeScript core team focused on the integration with Angular and performance optimizations. Lately, she's been working on providing an official way for sharing code between web and mobile Angular via NativeScript schematics and webpack.
David Khourshid Microsoft
David Khourshid is a Florida-based web developer for Microsoft, a tech author, and speaker. Also a fervent open source contributor, he is passionate about JavaScript, CSS, animation, innovative user interfaces, and cutting-edge front-end technologies. When not behind a computer keyboard, he's behind a piano keyboard or traveling.
Nataliya Karatkova Midrive
Nataliya has been a web developer since 2010. She currently lives in London and delivers front-end solutions at the Midrive startup. She loves the user interface development process and solving challenges behind it. She is excited about tools that help to automate routine tasks, allowing focus to shift to creative parts of a project. Nataliya keeps up to date with developments in the modern JS and React ecosystems and sometimes combines travel with conferences. Besides the technical, she has an arts education. She feels inspired by seeing how the digital industry has revolutionised traditional art.
Andrey Sitnik Evil Martians
Lead front-end developer in Evil Martians. Author of Autoprefixer and PostCSS.
Martin Splitt Google
Martin is open source contributor and web evangelist by heart from Zurich with a decade experience from the trenches of software engineering in multiple fields. He works as a Webmasters Trends Analyst / Developer Advocate at Google for Search & web ecosystem. He helps people building applications or publishing content on the web to be successful, productive and visible. Martin believes in the web platform and is working with bleeding edge technologies that will allow the web to prosper.
Alexey Kozyatinsky Netflix
Believes in JavaScript. Creates and improves debugging tools as a part of Chrome DevTools team since 2014. Led the most part of company's attempts to improve developers' life, starting from asynchronous stacks till new Query Objects. In his spare time loves to play guitar and travel, wishes he had a travel blogger career, yet still keeps writing code, cause we all deserve to have even more new debugging tools. :)
Illya Klymov GitLab
15 years of JS everywhere: from microcontrollers to rendering video in the cloud. More than 6 years of educational experience (at two universities and Illya's own courses), Ph.D. in Computer Science (field of interest: System Analysis and Theory of optimal decisions). Now works as front-end developer in GitLab.
Nadiia Dmytrenko Uber
Nadiia is a software engineer on the UI platform team in Uber who loves JavaScript and is passionate about CSS and seamless design. She is one of the creators and maintainers of <a href="https://baseweb.design/" target="_blank">Uber's open source Base Web component library</a> and co-organizer of the <a href="http://destination-web.uber.com" target="_blank">Destination:Web meetup series</a> in San Francisco. When she doesn't code you can find her hanging out with her <a href="https://www.instagram.com/umka.the.marshmallow/" target="_blank">fluffy dog</a>, taking him on a hike or a beach run.
Oleg Šelajev Oracle
Oleg Šelajev is a developer advocate for the GraalVM project at Oracle Labs, which aims to make programs run faster and developers more productive. He helps to organize VirtualJUG, the online Java User Group, and a GDG chapter in Tartu, Estonia. Became a Java Champion in 2017. Loves pizza and playing chess. Favorite languages: Java, JavaScript, and Clojure.
Eduardo San Martin Morote Freelance — Posva Solutions
Eduardo is a JavaScript enthusiast who focuses on UI and likes game dev too. He's a member of the Vue.js core team and he organizes the Paris Vue.js Meetup. He helps daily to improve the Vue ecosystem.
Lucas da Costa Converge.io
Lucas is a Brazilian software engineer living in London. He breathes JavaScript and is passionate about open source. He is a core team member of Chai.js and Sinon.js, two of the most popular libraries in the JS ecosystem, and is always trying to find better and more efficient ways to solve problems. His motto is "strive to be lazy".
Pavel Chertorogov PS.kz
GraphQL rockstar, consultant and trainer, developer of Internet products, OSS maintainer. Since 2001 Pavel's main specialization is web technologies. He has extensive practical knowledge on back-end/front-end development, administration, and architecture. Since the end of 2015, Pavel's main focus is on isomorphic applications. In summer 2016 he began the development of graphql-compose (GraphQL schema generator) in open source.
Pavel Malyshev Mustlab
Experienced full-stack developer with 10+ years in the IT industry, project manager and entrepreneur. Pavel has a strong technical background in different areas and platforms combined with management experience and good communication skills. Co-founder of <a href="http://mustlab.ru/" target="_blank">Mustlab</a> outsourcing company building projects in web, mobile, smart TV and IoT areas.
Stas Kurilov JetBrains
For the last few years Stas has been developing frontend tools. He has the most experience with webpack, for which he's built a loader and a plug-in for work with SVG, a documentation generator, and even a banner rotator. Stas knows a lot about inner workings of this complex and powerful tool.
Nikolay Matvienko Grid Dynamics
Nikolay is a software engineer and Node.js expert at Grid Dynamics. He is a big fan of performance optimization in Node.js. Now he is working in St. Petersburg, Florida. Together with Amazon's consulting team, he is building a cloud computing platform for a product supply chain management project for one of the largest electronics companies in the United States.
Marina Miranovich EPAM
Marina is a solutions architect at EPAM with more than 8 years of experience in frontend and backend technologies. She drives a number of projects, starting with big cross-team programs and ending with small and cozy, I-do-everything applications. Known for her love to JavaScript and serverless, she enjoys learning and sharing knowledge and some people may say that she has a power to "put pieces together", that's why she usually ends up in surge projects.
Vitaly Slobodin WIS Software
Vitaly is a co-founder of IT61. He developed various projects with different platforms and frameworks. He has experience with .NET, Node.js, and Ruby on Rails. He loves open source software and browsers. Vitaly joined the PhantomJS project in 2013 and later became the core developer. He believes that browsers (not robots) will rule the world. A big fan of pure and solid code. Perfectionist.
Ujjwal Sharma Node.js
Ujjwal is an undergrad student, an open source software fanatic and an active member of the JavaScript ecosystem. A Node.js core collaborator, Electron maintainer, Google Summer of Code mentor and ex-student, he has been working with the V8 team and the TC39 committee to help make JavaScript better, one commit at a time. He loves to talk about open source software, DevOps, JavaScript, Web Standards and the Open Web.
Sergei Kriger SinnerSchrader
Sergei fell in love with web development back in high school. He got a degree in Information Technologies at the University of Helsinki and has been spending his professional career working for web design studios in Helsinki and Munich. Sergei's focus areas are JavaScript development, UX and accessibility.
Basarat Ali Syed Australia Post
Microsoft MVP and a key member of the TypeScript community. Front-end Practice Lead. Open source advocate, book author, youtuber, screencaster, developer empathiser. Top contributor for TypeScript on stackoverflow.
Ilyas Kabirov iSpring
Developer since 2006. Having tried PHP, JS, ActionScript, C++, since 2012 Ilyas switched to JS stack with Google Closure Compiler. Currently he develops architecture for front-end project at iSpring. For the last 2 years Ilyas has been actively studying Google Closure Compiler and watching it evolve.
Artem Kobzar Hell Yeah, JavaScript.Ninja
JavaScript.Ninja courses teacher. On the tech fringe. Likes functional programming, compilers and open source.
Nazim Gafarov Mail.Ru Group
Lead Lambda developer at Mail.Ru Cloud Solutions. Before that, Nazim worked at Yandex.Market. He's an author of a JS library with 14 stars. Top 100 Europe Solo Hard Lane.
Ruben Bridgewater Freelance Software Architect
Ruben is a Node.js core collaborator and a freelance software architect consultant. His main emphasis is building powerful and easy-to-use APIs for scalable and fast applications. He is continuously working with the V8 team and the TC39 committee to improve the developer experience with JavaScript.
Mauricio Palma SinnerSchrader
A self-educated UI Developer working at SinnerSchrader. As part of the product engineering team, he works as a proxy between the design and engineering teams. You'll find him in that sweet spot where art meets science. Using technology to craft user-centric experiences. He is also the co-founder of Woodlike Ocean and an engaged social entrepreneur.
Vladimir Mutafov Progress Software
Vladimir Mutafov is a software engineer on the NativeScript team at Progress Software. He's working on the NativeScript Android Runtime which provides all the high-performant JS to Java communication support.
Andrey Lushnikov Google
Software Engineer @ Google
Arkadiy Pilguk Peculiar Ventures
Arkadiy is the Manager and Lead Engineer of Peculiar Ventures Ukraine. He started his career in user experience, where his relentless focus on users led him to front-end development and later machine learning and computer vision along with how they can be used to improve user experience with technology.
Dmitry Kharitonov Isovalent
Front-end developer, lives in Astrakhan and works remotely from there. Dmitry uses TypeScript/React/Redux as his main tools.
Alex Castillo Neurosity
Alex Castillo is a Co-founder at Neurosity, a neurotechnology company reimagining brain-computer interfaces. He is passionate about the human brain, and how we can use it to power next-generation apps. As a Google Developer Expert, Alex has contributed to the open source community with a focus on web technologies and neurotech.
Tickets: tickets@holyjs.ru
Program: program@holyjs.ru
Sponsorship: sponsors@holyjs.ru
Partnership: partners@holyjs.ru
Questions: questions@holyjs.ru
Site: site@holyjs.ru
Privacy policy All JUG Ru Group events
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Facts About Daisy Flowers
The daisy belongs to the plant family Asteraceae.
1 Will Blackfoot Daisies Grow Back in the Spring?
2 Get Your Daisy Bush to Grow Tall
3 Grow Ornithogalum
4 Do Easter Lilies Bloom Each Year?
Create a delicate ground cover with low-growing and low-maintenance daisies. The English daisy (Bellis perennis) has cheerful white-petaled flowers with yellow centers and fresh green foliage. Daisies grow in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 4 through 8. Plant daisies in border areas, as a ground cover or in a naturalized spot in the landscape and enjoy the sunny flowers through the summer.
Daisies are low-growing, reaching just 4 to 6 inches tall, making them a good choice a ground cover or to grow around walkways. A herbaceous perennial, daisies come back year after year from the roots. In frost-free climates daisy plants stay green year-round, but even in cold areas where frosts kill off the foliage, daisies will come back in the spring as long as it is within the hardiness zones. The white and yellow flowers bloom all summer.
Outside the Hardiness Zones
If you live in a climate outside daisy's hardiness zones, you can still grow this delicate flower. In USDA zones 9 through 11, plant daisies in the fall and enjoy the flowers through the cool, wet winter. When summer heats up, discard the plants and replace with heat-loving annuals.
Culture Requirements
Not a picky plant, daisies grow well both in full sun and in part sun or shady areas. Deep loamy soil is best, but this hardy plant can survive in sandy soil or heavy clay. As long as it's not in standing water, the daisy will grow fine. Watering can help in hot, dry weather to prevent the foliage and flowers from drying out, but under normal conditions this plant doesn't require a lot of extra care to thrive.
Deadheading and Self Seeding
In mild climates with wet winters and cool summers, the English daisy can spread rapidly. If you want to keep this eager little plant from taking over, simply deadhead the flowers before they go to seed. Pluck the flower heads or, in a large area, mow the flowers at the end of the growing season. To better control their spread, plant daisies in large pots and planters and remove the flower heads at the end of the season.
Missouri Botanical Gardens: Bellis Perennis
Kew Royal Botanical Gardens: Bellis Perennis
Fine Gardening: Genus Bellis (Daisy)
Eulalia Palomo has been a professional writer since 2009. Prior to taking up writing full time she has worked as a landscape artist and organic gardener. Palomo holds a Bachelor of Arts in liberal studies from Boston University. She travels widely and has spent over six years living abroad.
Palomo, Eulalia. "Facts About Daisy Flowers." Home Guides | SF Gate, http://homeguides.sfgate.com/daisy-flowers-56055.html. Accessed 17 July 2019.
Palomo, Eulalia. (n.d.). Facts About Daisy Flowers. Home Guides | SF Gate. Retrieved from http://homeguides.sfgate.com/daisy-flowers-56055.html
Palomo, Eulalia. "Facts About Daisy Flowers" accessed July 17, 2019. http://homeguides.sfgate.com/daisy-flowers-56055.html
Is Artemisia Limelight an Annual or a Perennial?
Do Snapdragons Bloom Every Year?
False Daisy Herbs
Are Thyme Blossoms Edible?
Are Gardenias Poisonous?
What Kind of Plants Go in a Cottage Garden?
Plant Care for Kong Coleus
Grow an Osteospermum Blue Eye
About Camia Flowers
Grow Red Painted Daisies
Landscape With Daisies
Root Daisies
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HoTS Exclusive On The Elvira Funko Pop Mess
For those who attended Spooky Empire Con this past weekend (review of the show itself is coming tomorrow), there are two words that will make your blood curl. Elvira Pop. By now, there are thousands of versions of what happened. So what really did happen? As strange as this sounds from an eye witness, I don’t think any one really knows. Here is what we do know. On October 15th, eleven days before the show, Spooky Empire and Elvira made an announcement that there would be an exclusive Halloween variant of her Funko Pop exclusively at the show.
I arrived at Noon on Friday and got in to the building at 2:30. When I got inside, the line for the Elvira Pop looked like the outside of a Best Buy at 3 AM on a Black Friday. There were fans who had allegedly camped out the night before to ensure their place in line. The staff and volunteers announced they would begin selling the Pop at 4 PM. This didn’t make a lot of sense because Elvira was scheduled for a costume photo op at 5:30 and I was told she would not be signing on Friday. On a side note, the Pop line and the photo op line for Elvira nearly blended into each other and made for a giant mass of people in the hallway. What happened next is where this gets really strange.
A little after 6 PM (maybe it was closer to 7, the day ran together on me and you will understand why), there was an announcement made by the staff that the Pops had not arrived in the building. They “might” be there by 11 PM. The Saturday allotment would also be delayed because they were stuck in Chicago. From what I gathered from several people in line, they announced they would be selling the pop in the form of a ticket and the ticket would get you the pop.
Please note, this is hearsay, as I was in the photo op line for 80% of Friday night (not kidding). They also announced that they were only selling X amount for Friday. That meant several hundred people who had been spending hours (8 plus from several sources) in line would not be able to buy their pop. This of course angered a LOT of people. Things got physical allegedly and a mob mentality formed. Apparently some Pops did arrive and be collected on Friday. The whole issue was such a mess, Elvira herself (as her alter ego, Cassandra Peterson) addressed the issue on her social media.
I did confirm that there are/were several of the Pops signed and unsigned going on eBay for several hundreds. Is that illegal? No, not exactly. These re-sellers were able to find a loophole by buying the limit and then having their children wait in line too so they could buy the limit. Do I agree with them? I don’t, but it will happen no matter what. This is what will always happen when an exclusive anything goes on sale somewhere.
Quietly, a final shipment did arrive on Sunday and the fans who were at the show were able to buy them and were limited to two until the shipment ran out. Elvira did sign these (as included in the price). The signed pop did not include her personalizing each one (and that is OK, because there were 400 people with one). It was a giant mess all the way around for this exclusive Pop, limited to 1500.
So, who’s to blame? That list is longer than the suspect list in 1963 of who killed President Kennedy. There is so much blame here, I think almost all parties involved can share equal parts. To her credit, Elvira/Cassandra is the ONLY one who addressed the issue. To date, Spooky Empire, Funko or the company that failed to get the delivery on time have all been silent and I do not think that will change.
On social media, more than one person put out that Spooky Empire staff members were rude about the incident and told fans, they knew the risk when they came to the show. Assuming this was in fact said, is there truth to there being a risk? Of course. Was that the most diplomatic way to handle this situation? No. A lot of people look bad. There were memes and jokes over the weekend making fun of the situation.
This makes Elvira look bad as well. But voicing my opinion from what I saw, I think she is the only one who does not need to take blame on this. Elvira was not in charge of delivery or distribution. Elvira agreed to have her likeness used and agreed to sign each on as a part of the price tag. She could not pre-sign what did not arrive. She was also the only one in this mess to address it instead of waiting for it to go away.
Now I know it is easy for me to sit here and write this after the fact. Someone asked me how I would have handled this. Spooky Empire HAD to know that this was going to get ugly. If not, someone is asleep at the wheel. I walked in on Friday, saw the line and immediately decided I was not going to wait in it. I knew there were hundreds of people and most of them were going to take the max. Here is what I think SHOULD have happened.
Spooky Empire and Funko knew how many Pops were allotted for Friday. They should have had tickets and given that many tickets when the line formed. There should have been 1-3 people who’s job it was to hand out tickets. When the tickets were gone, CAP THE LINE! That hall was a fire hazard ready to happen. That line would have not only been capped, but they could have told ticket holders when they could pick up the Pops. How do I know this would have worked? Ask any con who has a major celeb come in for signing.
HorrorHound is a perfect example. They had tickets with times on them for Robert Englund and Bruce Campbell autograph sessions. When they were out of tickets, the line was capped. The fan is then responsible for holding his/her ticket(s). When they get to the front, they turn in their ticket and money for the (in this case) Pop. Would people have been upset? Of course. Would they have avoided the cops being called? Yes. Would they have had people stand in line for 8 plus hours, only to receive grief? No. Funko could have communicated better with Spooky on the delivery and the delivery could have been made on time. BUT, had those last two things have happened, you still have a giant mess. Two fans took to YouTube to explain what they experienced.
All in all, this was a failed experiment. It was easy for people to blame Elvira, when in the end the blame goes much further. Her only involvement other than putting her signature on the Pop was using her likeness. People will argue that she made her money. Sure, she probably did, but at the same time had nothing to do with the mess that ensued. The delivery company dropped the ball on making a timely delivery. But at the end of the day, the execution of getting the Pops to the fans falls on Spooky Empire and for that they have to take their lumps.
Overall Grade on the Elvira Funko Situation: F
Tags: "FunKo POP", Bruce Campbell, Crypt Keeper Clint, Elvira, Elvira Mistress of the Dark, HorrorHound, House of Tortured Souls, House of Tortured Souls;www.houseoftorturedsouls.com, Robert Englund, Spooky Empire
Posted by Crypt Keeper Clint
View all posts by Crypt Keeper Clint
Brian in Orlando
November 4, 2018 Reply
Actually, the blame does fall on Cassandra and her team and Funko. They were a vendor which Petey at Spooky Empire did respond to on their Facebook page. I was actually there for all of the fiasco and although the volunteers and management could have been more helpful, the shipment and the way it was organized was all on Cassandra and her management and UPS.
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Mind of a medalist
For Olympic athletes, world-class brain power can separate the best from the rest
Lightning-quick decision making can often be the difference between winning gold and heading home empty handed, Johns Hopkins brain scientist says
Video: Len Turner and Dave Schmelick
By Jill Rosen
/ Published Feb 6, 2018
Athletes who make it to the Olympics have the speed or strength or whatever physical skills it takes to be among the best in the world in their respective sports. But Johns Hopkins University scientists say those who ultimately bring home gold have also honed the mind of a medalist.
Some of these athletes are born with brains inherently more suited to winning, says Christopher Fetsch, an assistant professor of neuroscience at Johns Hopkins and a researcher in the university's Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute. Fetsch studies how the brain makes decisions, weighing information coming in from the various senses. He knows elite athletes are making these choices faster and more accurately—at least when it comes to decisions related to their sport.
"What really sets apart the gold medalists from just the also-rans is the quickness and flexibility with which their brains are converting input from their senses into commands to move their muscles."
Christopher Fetsch
Johns Hopkins brain scientist
Take Olympic skiers. They fly down the slope and see a gate. Go left or right? It's a seemingly easy choice, but a very tough computational challenge for the brain. The skiers must evaluate what's ahead, the feel of the snow pack, speed, the tilt of the body. But because they've skied slopes like this thousands of times, by the time they're on an Olympic course, at that gate, their brains know just how to merge this disparate sensory information.
Though the brain of someone who's never skied would be at a loss, the Olympian's brain has expertise at solving this precise equation involving speed, snow, and other variables. In about the time it takes to blink, the skier has settled on an informed plan.
The entire run is a sequence of these decisions.
"What sets elite athletes apart from us is not necessarily their bodies, their strength, or their agility," Fetsch says. "What really sets apart the gold medalists from just the also-rans is the quickness and flexibility with which their brains are converting input from their senses into commands to move their muscles. These rapid-fire decisions that a skier has to make going down the slope will determine whether that extra hundredth of a second is gained."
Posted in Science+Technology, Athletics
Tagged brain science, olympics
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Obama v. Bibi — Fight to the Finish
In his desperation to sink the Iran nuclear deal, Bibi Netanyahu is taking a hellish gamble.
Israel depends upon the United States for $3 billion a year in military aid and diplomatic cover in forums where she is often treated like a pariah state. Israel has also been the beneficiary of almost all the U.S. vetoes in the Security Council.
America is indispensable to Israel. The reverse is not true.
Yet, without telling the White House, Bibi had his U.S. ambassador arrange for him to address a joint session of Congress in March — to rip up the president’s Iran nuclear deal before it was even completed.
The day the deal was signed, using what The Washington Post calls “stark apocalyptic language,” Bibi accused John Kerry of giving the mullahs a “sure path to a nuclear weapon” and a “cash bonanza of hundreds of billions of dollars … to pursue its aggression and terror.”
Bibi has since inspired and led the campaign to get Congress to kill the deal, the altarpiece of the Obama presidency.
Israel Ambassador Ron Dermer, a former Republican operative now cast in the role of “Citizen Genet,” has intensively lobbied the Hill to get Congress to pass a resolution of rejection.
If that resolution passes, as it appears it will, Obama will veto it.
Then Israel, the Israeli lobby AIPAC, and all its allies and auxiliaries in the think tanks and on op-ed pages will conduct a full-court press to have Congress override the Obama veto and kill his nuclear deal.
Has Bibi, have the Israelis, considered what would happen should they succeed? Certainly, there would be rejoicing in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv, and Bibi would be crowned King of Capitol Hill.
But they will have humiliated an American president by crushing him by two-to-one in his own legislature. Such a defeat could break the Obama presidency and force the resignation of John Kerry, who would have become a laughing stock in international forums.
The message would go out to the world. In any clash between the United States and Israel over U.S. policy in the Middle East, bet on Bibi. Bet on Israel. America is Israel’s poodle now.
With the Gulf nations having joined Britain, France, Germany, China and Russia in backing the deal, Israel is isolated in its opposition. And, two weeks ago, Kerry warned that if Congress rejects the deal, “Israel could end up being more isolated and more blamed.”
Hardly an outrageous remark.
Yet, Israel’s ex-ambassador to the U.S. Michael Oren fairly dripped condescension and contempt in his retort: “The threat of the secretary of state who, in the past, warned that Israel was in danger of being an apartheid state, cannot deter us from fulfilling our national duty to oppose this dangerous deal.”
But this is not Israel’s deal. It is our deal, and our decision. And Israel is massively interfering in our internal affairs to scuttle a deal the president believes is in the vital interests of the United States.
When the U.S. and Israel disagree over U.S. policy in the Mideast, who decides for America? Them or us?
Why does Barack Obama take this? Why does John Kerry take this?
One can only imagine what President Eisenhower would have done had he seen Bibi at the rostrum of the U.S. House of Representatives, ripping apart his Middle East policy. Or had Ike learned that an Israeli ambassador was working the halls of Congress to kill an arms deal he and John Foster Dulles had just negotiated.
Lest we forget, Ike told his wartime colleague, Prime Minister Anthony Eden, to get his army out of Suez or he would sink the British pound. Ike then told Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion to get his army out of Sinai or face U.S. economic reprisals.
Eden and Ben-Gurion did as they were told.
That was an America respected by friend and foe alike.
When Harry Truman felt that Gen. Douglas MacArthur had been insubordinate in resisting presidential restrictions on his actions in Korea, Truman fired the general and astounded the nation.
Yet this president and John Kerry have been wimpishly seeking for weeks to placate Netanyahu. And Bibi is no Douglas MacArthur.
Time to stop acting like wusses.
The president should declare Dermer persona non grata and send him packing, then tell the Israeli government we will discuss a new arms package when you have a prime minister who understands that no nation interferes in the internal affairs of the United States. None.
That could bring Bibi’s government, with its single-vote majority, crashing down. And why not? After all, Bibi was a virtual surrogate for Mitt Romney when Mitt was trying to bring down Obama.
Obama and Kerry are never running again. Deep down, they would surely relish taking Bibi down. And they could do it.
Deal or no deal, it is time America started acted like America again.
Too Many Candidates to Fit on a Stage: Democrats Then, Republicans Now
Oil Price Hits Super Bargain — Is Now the Time to Buy?
Written By Patrick J. Buchanan
Patrick J. Buchanan is a nationally syndicated columnist and author of Churchill, Hitler, and "The Unnecessary War": How Britain Lost Its Empire and the West Lost the World, The Death of the West, The Great Betrayal, A Republic, Not an Empire,Where the Right Went Wrong, and most recently Suicide of a Superpower: Will America Survive to 2025?
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A Feather Weight engine for an Imp
When the Rootes Board had rejected the second idea for their potential baby car, they suggested to use some form of water cooled power unit. Rootes themselves did not manufacture an engine small enough to be fitted into the prototypes. From 1931 to the early 50s the smallest Hillman engine had been an 1185cc sidevalve unit, designed for the original Minx. For their Imp they looked outside of the company.
The answer lay in the Coventry Climax FWM unit, related to the FWE that was used for the Lotus Elite.
A set of drawings was sent for, and much time was spent in trying to find a way of installing the four cylinder 750cc (741cc, 653cc ?) Climax engine in a compartment which had originally been intended for a two cylinder 600cc unit. Eventually it was made to fit by tilting the engine over at an angle of 45 degrees and slotting the radiator in alongside it.
the engine compartment in a Stiletto (non-standard) showing the 45° tilt of the engine. (44 kB)
Productionising the Coventry Climax
It wasn't so easy to transform the sand-cast iron blocked Coventry Climax engine into a die-cast alloy unit. It was to be the first time that a British volume car manufacturer would use an alloy engine. And Rootes engineers had little knowledge of working with this material. But the benefits to be gained from using alloy (low weight, low noise, allied with good performance and good economy) were felt worth the additional effort of developing suitable die casting techniques.
Leo Kuzmicki at the Imp's introduction
The job of redesigning the original Coventry Climax engine so that it could be manufactured in alloy fell to Leo Kuzmicki. The original engines used in the Apex prototypes were made from steel and had been manufactured from single purpose machining equipment at Coventry Climax. This type of equipment, however, was quite unsuitable for mass production, and many detail alterations had to be made to the engine's design in order that the components could be manufactured on dual operation machines. It was to be tooled for manuafacture at a hoped-for rate of 3000 units a week.
There was a period during the development of the Imp alloy engine that a cylinder block with no liners was considered. It was proposed to use a specially hardened alloy that would permit the pistons to run directly on aluminium cylinder walls. In particular, the aluminium was to be alloyed with approx. 10% silicon and no doubt heat treated, etc. to maximise the wear resistance of the cylinder walls. This way the engine could dispense with ferrous metal cylinder sleeves, making it lighter, easier and cheaper to manufacture, etc. A big breakthrough in lower cost automobile manufacturing.
An engine was built using pistons with deep cast iron rings and tested with negligible cylinder wear. The reason why this route was not followed was because of the degree of precision needed during the initial machining operation. Thus all the production 875 cc Imps had alloy cylinder blocks with cast iron dry liner cylinder inserts. These inserts were cast in situ when the block was die cast.
Die casting of the alloy components was done by Alumasc of Northamptonshire by a whole variety of new-fangled methods.
The cylinder heads were supplied by the Aeroplane and Motor Company of Birmingham, as this company already supplied the alloy heads for the Sunbeam Rapier and Alpine.
The basis of the design was an aluminium pressure die casting cylinder block, with open-cored top deck contruction, and centrifugally cast-iron liners mechanically bonded into place. It had three crankshaft main bearings. The water pump was combined with the cooling fan, set at the other side of the engine bay, behind the cooling radiator.
The cylinder head was also a low pressure casting, with a line of valves angled even further away (20 degrees) from the vertical position, operated by a single overhead camshaft, coil springs and inverted bucket tappets -the classical solution- with the shaft chain-driven from the front of the engine.
There were wedge-shaped combustion chambers, with a 10 : 1 ratio even on the most mundane Imp saloons. (For certain export markets the ratio was reduced to 8.0 : 1.)
The whole unit, complete with accessories, weighs 170lbs. (77 kg).
Not much stretch was build in, sizewise it was much at limit. This meant that bigger bore versions, that could have meant much to both the Sunbeam and the Singer nameplates within the Rootes Group (and other buyers on the outside), could not be produced. So over the years (1963-1976) the same 875cc engine was used.
This all-aluminium, splendidly detailed, single-overhead camshaft, inclined valve design was a true classic engine, simply because it was so ambitiously engineered without much regard to cost saving or to versatility.
It has been stated by several that there is no smoother high-revving unit in the business, then or now.
"If the engine has any fault, it is its willingness to rev. The power peak is at 5000 rpm, but it can be wound up to an easy seven grand with most of the noise coming from the Rootes engineers"
Hillman Imp: road research report. - Car and Driver, 1963
Max. bhp
Imp 875 37 (DIN)@4800
39 (net)@5000 38.1 81 single Solex
Imp Sport 875 50 (DIN)@5800
51 (net)@6100 33.1 90
Stiletto 875 50 (DIN)@5800
Rallye Imp 998 60 (DIN)
65 (DIN)@6200 30 92
Chrysler Sunbeam 1.0 928 42 (DIN) 31.5 77
Clan Crusader 875 50 (DIN) 34.3 100
Hartwell Clubman Imp 998 65 >100 Weber 40 dcoe
Rootes were pessimists: usually an Imp could do better than its supposedly peak power output and top speed. In 1963 the factory had been disparaging about higher stages of tune.
Two photos of the engine in the back of a Ginetta G15: one with the lens at the level of the radiator and the other looking down on it.
Sunbeam 928
The Sunbeam 1.0 LS that appeared in 1977 had an Imp engine in it. Or rather an engine based on the 875cc Imp engine. The casting is same, by and large. The sump and the tappet cover are a little different.
Stroke is the same; bore is 2mm larger. It has a lower compression ratio (9:1 in stead of 10:1). It can deliver more than 41 DIN bhp@5000rpm.
Torque is reduced to 52 lbs ft. @ 2600rpm.
Technicalities
Design of the Hillman 875cc engine
The Coventry Climax file © Franka
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Thousands commemorate Srebrenica massacre
Saturday, July 11, 2015 - 02:10
Angry crowd chases Serbia’s prime minister from Bosnian ceremony marking the 20th anniversary of Srebrenica massacre, Sean Carberry reports.
STORY: Bodyguards whisked Aleksandar Vucic through angry mourners throwing stones and booing the Serbian prime minister. During the 1990s, Vucic was a disciple of the "Greater Serbia" ideology that fueled much of the bloodshed that accompanied Yugoslavia's demise. Though Vucic has since rebranded himself as pro-Western, scars and memories in Bosnia run deep. The scene marred the ceremony attended by former U.S. President Bill Clinton, who was in power during the 1992-1995 Bosnian war. On July 6, 1995, Srebrenica, designated a United Nations safe haven, fell to Bosnian Serb forces as Dutch U.N. peacekeepers largely surrendered or fled. Some 8,000 Muslim men and boys were executed over the next five days, their bodies dumped in pits. More than 1,000 victims have yet to be found. 136 recently discovered remains were being buried at the memorial Bosnian Merima Suljic was just one month old when her father was taken away. Only one of his bones was recovered. I'm attached to this town in so many ways, she says. 20 years later, everyone has buried their fathers, only I have no grave to visit. I can only think about that one bone that was found. I wish they had killed me, she says. A U.N. court has ruled that Srebrenica was a genocide. Serbia, which backed Bosnian Serb forces during the war, last week enlisted ally Russia to veto a British-backed U.N. resolution that would have condemned the denial of Srebrenica as genocide. Many Serbs still dispute the term, the death toll and the official account of what went on, reflecting conflicting narratives about the Yugoslav wars that still feed political divisions and stifle progress toward integration with western Europe.
http://reut.rs/1IREuFa
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