pred_label
stringclasses 2
values | pred_label_prob
float64 0.5
1
| wiki_prob
float64 0.25
1
| text
stringlengths 55
1.01M
| source
stringlengths 39
45
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
__label__cc
| 0.696681
| 0.303319
|
Development Update Jan 2018
2018 is off to a fast start and we have been busy as hell at Others HQ. Our crew has been focusing on healthy development habits, product design, content plans, team development, and much more. Man, are we excited for 2018 and our ambitious goals. The team is insanely well-rounded and we are stoked to unveil the 2018 roster shortly. In addition to the staked team, a full-length film is also in the works. #getJacked
So, let’s talk about why you’re really here. What the hell is going on with the app? Damn good question. We are currently logging as much time as we can in development; our day jobs have been hella consuming lately. That being said, the app is taking shape and it looks b-e-a-utiful.
The functionality stack is finally defined for 1.0. The app is broken into five primary areas. First and foremost is the newsfeed. This section of the app is the congregation of user-submitted content and aggregated industry content courtesy of the humbling partnerships we have been able to foster. Think of this functionality as the union of a skating focused Instagram and Facebook.
From there, we have our spot search and tag a spot sections of the app. This allows users to search for aggregated spots, such as skateparks, and user submitted street spots. Users can upload spots, include images, add notes about obstacles, etc. This is a feature set that most are stoked for and the map is shaping up nicely.
One of the newest pieces of functionality that we are working on is geared toward urban and big wheel riders. The route tracker allows users to create routes and paths that they can share with the community. So, if you’re looking for a new route to run, you’re in luck.
Lastly, users have access to their profile and inbox. While this seems obvious, there is a grip of work going into this piece to ensure that users can connect easily and schedule. Again, the mission of Others is to connect skaters and the industry like never before, so this feature set warrants tons of work.
We are working our asses off and we are confidently approaching our public beta. The support we have received from you all is humbling beyond belief. What started as an idea during an early morning skatepark session has evolved into a blooming small business and we are eternally grateful. Every piece of merch that you guys buy allows us to continue to push forward on this project and we are fully committed to doing everything we can to help elevate our incredible sport. Blade often and check back soon for more updates.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1645
|
__label__wiki
| 0.597353
| 0.597353
|
King Diamond: Video Footage And Set List From His First Show Back In North America Is Here!
Earlier this year we received the amazing news that King Diamond would be returning to North America, and the wait is finally over! The heavy metal icon kicked off his latest tour at Center Stage in Atlanta this weekend, and from the eight thousand texts I received that night, the legend put on one of the best shows ever! The
King Diamond Exclusive Live Photos From Atlanta By Shawn Evans!
Shawn Evans October 13, 2014
Watch The Black Dahlia Murder’s Full Set From New York City!
Last night The Black Dahlia Murder returned to New York City with Suicide Silence, and absolutely annihilated a packed Irving Plaza! As we mentioned yesterday, they streamed the entire set on Yahoo, and today it’s here for our viewing pleasure! I’ve said it before, and I’ll say it again, there is NOTHING like a show from The Black Dahlia Murder!
KoRn Will Perform Their “Self Titled” Album In It’s Entirety To Celebrate It’s 20th Anniversary!
Metal Mark September 22, 2014
I rarely post anything about KoRn anymore on this site, but this is HUGE news! During the band’s upcoming tour the band will be celebrating the 20th anniversary of the self-titled’s release by playing it from front to back! This includes the track, “Daddy,” which Jonathan Davis previously said he would NEVER play due to it’s subject matter. Here’s the
Watch Revocation’s Full Set From Baltimore, Maryland Now!
The incredibly awesome Revocation recently announced that they would be releasing their fifth album, “Deathless,” on October 14th via Metal Blade Records. With that announcement they unleashed the title track and you could hear necks breaking all over the world! I’ve said it a million times on this site, and I know I’ll say it a million times more, this
Gojira Uploads A Summer Recap Video To Get You More Excited For Their Return To The States!
Today is September 15th, which means that we are officially one month away from the next tour featuring Mastodon, Gojira and Kvelertak! As you read in my review of the New York City show back in May, these three bands put on a masterful show from beginning to end, and the fact that we get to witness this again is
Watch Full Set Footage Of Cavalera Conspiracy From Brazil Here!
As we all know by now, Cavalera Conspiracy will be unleashing their new album, “Pandemonium,” on November 4th via Napalm Records! With that exciting news they released the track “Bonzai Kamakazi,” and the overall response was HOLY SHIT! Max Cavalera previously said this is “ the heaviest of all the three,” and he wasn’t lying! Since we received that exciting
ARSIS PERFORMS “A CELEBRATION OF GUILT” IN IT’S ENTIRETY IN NEW YORK CITY!
Metal Mark September 4, 2014
Arsis kicked off their “Decade Of Guilt” North American tour a few days ago in Virginia, and brought the massive bill featuring Allegaeon and Exmortus to Santos Party House in New York City last night! This headlining run is celebrating the 10th Anniversary of their classic “A Celebration of Guilt” album, and they performed the masterpiece in it’s entirety! I’ve
BEHEMOTH KEEPS THEIR PROMISE TO FANS IN ISRAEL!
Metal Mark August 25, 2014
The almighty Behemoth is not a band that likes to disappoint their fans around the world! With all they’ve been through in the past few years, they don’t take anything for granted anymore and constantly deliver an amazing set each and every night. Most recently in France their stage gear and equipment was left behind, but they performed without their
VOLBEAT RELEASES THREE AMAZING LIVE BOOTLEG VIDEOS!
Ever since the release of “Outlaw Gentlemen & Shady Ladies” in 2013, the always entertaining Volbeat has basically lived on the road. Touring all over the world, they’ve really broadened their audience, and are now one of the biggest acts around. Back in 2009, I did one of their first ever interviews in the States, and to see how huge
« Previous Page1 Page2 Page3 … Page15 Next »
Earlier this year we received the amazing news that King Diamond would be returning to North America, and the wait is finally over! The heavy
Last night The Black Dahlia Murder returned to New York City with Suicide Silence, and absolutely annihilated a packed Irving Plaza! As we mentioned yesterday,
I rarely post anything about KoRn anymore on this site, but this is HUGE news! During the band’s upcoming tour the band will be celebrating
The incredibly awesome Revocation recently announced that they would be releasing their fifth album, “Deathless,” on October 14th via Metal Blade Records. With that announcement
Today is September 15th, which means that we are officially one month away from the next tour featuring Mastodon, Gojira and Kvelertak! As you read
As we all know by now, Cavalera Conspiracy will be unleashing their new album, “Pandemonium,” on November 4th via Napalm Records! With that exciting news
Arsis kicked off their “Decade Of Guilt” North American tour a few days ago in Virginia, and brought the massive bill featuring Allegaeon and Exmortus
The almighty Behemoth is not a band that likes to disappoint their fans around the world! With all they’ve been through in the past few
Ever since the release of “Outlaw Gentlemen & Shady Ladies” in 2013, the always entertaining Volbeat has basically lived on the road. Touring all over
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1646
|
__label__cc
| 0.722224
| 0.277776
|
The inky pinky
Standard · Posted by sanjaykaul on May 15, 2009 · 2 Comments
In the high decibel lecturing during electioneering in India, to citizens to come out and vote, somebody forgot to ask a few questions.
If there was one thing that continued to resound all through the election season, apart from the noisy campaigning, it had to be the sanctimonious lecturing that we all received from everyone and his aunt, on the beneficial side effects of voting.
Now, who wants to take on the might of the media, which is more frequently confusing reporting for promoting, and the political establishment in whose advantage it is if you trudge to the booth nevertheless, and the Election Commission, which in fact is Aunt incarnate, or more like Taunt incarnate who ridicules you and calls you names – Pappu – if you don’t go out to vote. But seriously, somebody has to ask: what is the matter with them!
You couldn’t miss the maniacal chanting by TV channels, newspapers who decided they will alter the democratic landscape of India, student groups, RWAs, NGOs, activists, film stars – it didn’t end there – eunuchs and TV actors started haranguing us – c’mon, even Baba Ramdev and Sri Sri Ravi Shankar jumped on the bandwagon. It was of course funny to see Mumbai’s Bollywood stars showing us the finger after polling, leaving it your imagination as to what the target of the insult was – Pakistan and Kasab or the Politicians of India. That indelicacy also inspired the title of this blog – since we could use the middle finger, why not the little pinky which also has important meaning attached to it.
But seriously, anyway you look at it, it amazes that an entire nation’s elite could be conned into such a spurious understanding of the electoral process or the democracy they so lovingly uphold. What is it about India and Indians that a 55% polling makes us feel suicidal. Hell, the Americans are 400 years ahead of us in democracy, and they don’t do better than 50% on average – and they’re all educated better than us, have a social security system in place and in general are better off than us on almost every index.
While this messianic zeal was at its peak, I was asked by one well meaning publicity hankerer to join a prospective meeting of citizens to understand why Delhi and Mumbai did not vote in the numbers they were expected to. I had to rather plainly put forth the theory I have mentioned above, with the caveat that not voting is in itself the biggest opinion one could hold about the elections and the representatives that are thrown at us. Did you think about that? He never called back.
So here’s the thing. The ones who constantly remind us to vote are being plainly juvenile because they want a different output from the electoral exercise without making a single modification in the input. The more discerning a person becomes, the less probable his chances of indulging in illogical behaviour: and if, as we all know and ADR, [the advocacy group working assiduously on tabulating criminal records and assets of contesting candidates] has been killing itself demonstration before every elections] that a number of those who we have to elect are corrupt or criminal, why would a sane man vote for them, and if both the choices were relatively similar, why would he come out to vote.
But more than that, my sense is that the middle class person is today more removed from the effects of politics than ever before due to the insurance of prosperity – I mean his relationship with politics no longer determines his immediate quality of life, because he can buy it for himself. What the poor man in a village needs from his local administration and through subservience to a local politician, a person in urban India just pays for and gets without obligation. School admissions or water, electricity or transport, bureaucratic red tape or security, he is able to circumvent each hurdle with the instrument of cash, or influence derived from availability of money. Ditto for the youth, who have neither the interest, not the understanding of how politics impacts their lives. Which leaves only the question of policy out – what if a government policy hurts them? That works, and so whenever we see greater involvement of people in elections – like in Punjab, where we had a 65% turnout, you can be sure that the people have an issue or a score to settle. Like in Delhi, when the Congress got booted out of the Corporation elections in the wake of the sealings and demolition mess. Otherwise, elections are passé for most of the elite. Don’t look at me – look at your well off neighbour, and if you want more evidence, look at America.
We did an experiment in Gurgaon in 2005 which reveals exactly how we can change the percentile of voting – but it also proves that if residents do not have a stake in the outcome of the election, they just stay away. When we discovered that most new Gurgaon residents did not have voter ID cards, or that they were not registered as voters, we ran a year-long campaign to enlist new voters ending with over 1 lakh new voter registrations [You can read more on this on http://www.peoplesaction.net]. Once we had those numbers, we asked residents what they intended to do with their vote, knowing full well that most residents were actually only interested in the ID card for its identity value. Anyway, we cajoled them into not wasting their vote and collectively agreeing to put up a candidate of their own choice through a novel ‘primary’ elections process – electing one of three contenders as the official candidate under the banner of the Gurgaon Residents Party [ GRP is now a registered party] and had him fight the Assembly polls of 2005 from Gurgaon. The results were expected – in that he lost – but surprising in the support he derived from their core areas of influence at that time – mostly new Gurgaon where he beat the Congress and BJP in eighteen booths and came second on twelve booths. Not bad for a one week old party and candidate.
The sum total was that people’s participation from the new Gurgaon areas reached historical highs – with areas notching up 40-50% polling whereas it used to totter in the range of 5-10% earlier. That changed things, and it’s not a permanent solution – they will have to continuously engage with the electorate if they want to draw them out the next time around. And that’s how it goes. If people find the stakes are high and they find credible candidates to vote for, they do. Not unless.
There is another reason for low voting which goes against the grain of logic, so to say, but trumps in behavioral science – and so it is that when people are mostly happy with a regime, voting is usually low, and when unhappy, voting is high. That is want explains the relationship between an anti-incumbency vote being normally high. This is also representative of human nature – anger and revenge are a bigger driver for voting, than the inertia of relative contentment, in the comforting arms of a status quo.
Filed under Activism · Tagged with citizen, Vote, Voter turnout, Voting
← Plastic Bag. Elastic Ban.
Hindsight, Happenstance and Hindutva – Part 1 →
2 Responses to “The inky pinky”
Sonali says:
Agreed what started as an awareness campaign, lost all its sheen and became a joke eventually. However, when talking of voting percentage, we go by the theory of anti-incumbency resulting in high voter turn-out, then result for at least Delhi Lok Sabha election should have been different to some extent from what it finally turned out; since there was an increase of almost 5% in 2009 from 2004. The increase in percentage is meagre but not in-significant. Does any logic/behavioral science explain this?
Nimmi Rastogi says:
The sanctimonious non-sensical stuff about over hyped voting campaign was hilarious to say the least..The all pervasive media influence was used unabashedly to drive home a simple point which could have been persuaded rather subtly..unless that is an alien concept to them and to their captive audiences…The obsessive “low on content-high on commotion” campaign was hell bent upon establishing (the assumed) obtuseness of an average viewer and was certainly an insult to the intellect of a discerning one….The fallout was that yet again we missed out many relevant points and the exercise which was supposed to go from A to Zee got stuck at say….F with recipient worn to a “Frazzle” under it’s effect…..
But on a more serious note, an act of omission can not be compared with an (mis)act of commission specially in the hindsight .The obscure,frivolous,whimsical and completely bizarre reason attributed by people to not venturing out to vote hardly have any statement attached to it and what insight are we talking about?.For them the “five minutes of your time versus five years of your life” kind of juvenile reasoning seems to be a justifiable approach. High decibel efforts meant the hibernating minds..
The fact remains that in an order to understand “Indian Identity ” it’s extremely relevant to analyze the issues of plurality and the choices that come with it.
still if it was harsh on anybody’s sensibility…. i suggest you just grin and bear…
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1651
|
__label__cc
| 0.636496
| 0.363504
|
Science games and the development of scientific possible selves
Science_games.pdf
Beier, Margaret
Miller, Leslie
Wang, Shu
Beier, Margaret, Miller, Leslie and Wang, Shu. "Science games and the development of scientific possible selves." Cultural Studies of Science Education, 7, no. 4 (2012) Springer: 963-978. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11422-012-9408-0.
Serious scientific games, especially those that include a virtual apprenticeship component, provide players with realistic experiences in science. This article discusses how science games can influence learning about science and the development of science-oriented possible selves through repeated practice in professional play and through social influences (e.g., peer groups). We first review the theory of possible selves (Markus and Nurius 1986) and discuss the potential of serious scientific games for influencing the development of scientific possible selves. As part of our review, we present a forensic game that inspired our work. Next we present a measure of scientific possible selves and assess its reliability and validity with a sample of middle-school students (N=374). We conclude by discussing the promise of science games and the development of scientific possible selves on both the individual and group levels as a means of inspiring STEM careers among adolescents.
career development; science games; science identity; scientific possible selves; self-concept; More... transformative identity Less...
Department of Psychological Sciences Papers and Publications [95]
Faculty Publications [3510]
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1659
|
__label__wiki
| 0.576163
| 0.576163
|
Tag Archives: Agent Carter
Throwback Thursday: Agent Carter Finale RECAP
No, say it ain’t so. I am very sad that Season 1 of Agent Carter is now over. If you’ve been following my recaps (premiere, episode 3, episodes 4 & 5, episodes 6 & 7), you’ll know that I definitely enjoyed the show. The finale was no exception.
With Chief Dooley dead, it falls to Peggy, Thompson and Sousa to investigate the grisly deaths at the movie theatre. One look at a corpse is all it takes for Peggy to realize that the victims actually killed each other. Sousa gets doused by gas and attacks Thompson. They knock him out but not before he hits Peggy. There’s a great scene when he wakes up and is very broken up that he hurt Peggy. Have I mentioned previously that I ship them? I mean after Peggy and Steve, obviously.
Howard Stark turns up at the S.S.R. headquarters with Jarvis, looking exasperated. He tells them all about what happened at Finow and how the gas, “Midnight Oil”, was supposed to keep soldiers awake but instead turned them psycho. Feeling personally responsible for the deaths on the battlefield as well as those of Dooley and Krzeminski, not to mention the incident at the cinema, he volunteers to be bait for Leviathan. It’s revealed that the lone survivor of the Battle of Finow was Ivchenko aka Johann Fennhoff. Since I’m more of a DC fan, I definitely did not get that he was Doctor Faustus.
Side note on Leviathan: was the Doctor Leviathan? I thought Leviathan was an organization, and if so, then I guess it’s only made out of Dottie, Demidov and the Doctor? And what was their huge plan? Well, I’m getting to it.
Thompson gives a very public press conference clearing Stark’s name. Can I just say how much I love Howard? Dominic Cooper is the best. Peggy’s on the lookout and as if on cue, shots are fired. They trace the source to a nearby hotel but find out that the gun was rigged to go off automatically and Howard is kidnapped by a cop hypnotized by Fennhoff. I feel like Jarvis could’ve done more to stop this from happening, but moving on.
And now, prepare for some feels. Fennhoff preys on Howard’s guilt over Captain America’s “death” and hypnotizes Howard to thinking that he is flying one of his planes to try and save Cap, but he’s really on his way to douse “Midnight Oil” all over Times Square. Meanwhile, Peggy is tasked to foil Fennhoff, because obviously she’s the most capable one. Jarvis is Plan B, he flies another plane to shoot Stark’s down if it comes to that. Peggy kicks Dottie’s ass by kicking her out of a window. We think she’s dead, but she escapes. Thompson and Sousa take on Fennhoff and win thanks to Sousa’s earplugs, preventing the Doctor from hypnotizing them. After a pretty emotional back and forth, Peggy manages to snap Howard out of the brainwashing.
Then they seem to rush through the final scenes, Peggy gets a round of applause from her colleagues, not that she needed it. Thompson is still a jerk, he takes full credit for the arrest and the prevention of the disaster. Sousa asks Peggy out but she says maybe another time. Peggy and Angie get to live in one of Howard’s penthouses. My question is do they get Jarvis? Jarvis and Peggy reaffirm their bond and he gives her Steve’s blood. The final scene is Peggy on the Brooklyn Bridge, dumping the contents of the vial in the river. Oh man, that was hard to watch, especially when you think about the exchange Peggy and Steve have in The Winter Soldier. The shot looked beautiful though. I didn’t really care for the stinger with Zola.
Overall, the series as a whole was very enjoyable. Yes, there wasn’t much plot there. I mean, you can basically cut everything down to a two-hour movie. But that’s not the point. The point is to get to know the characters every week and I’m definitely going to miss them. I just want more Peggy. More Peggy and Angie. More Peggy and Jarvis. And what about the creation of S.H.I.E.L.D.?
When is Season 2?
Tagged as Agent Carter, agent carter finale, agent carter finale recap, agent carter tv series, agent carter valediction, Captain America, captain america the winter solider, comic book tv shows, comics, doctor faustus, Marvel, marvel comics, marvel's agent carter, Peggy Carter, tbt, throwback thursday, tv, tv shows, zola
Throwback Thursday: Agent Carter Episodes 6 & 7 RECAP
I’m currently in a state of denial. There is no way that only one episode of Agent Carter remains. The show and its cast has grown on me and I genuinely think it’s better than a lot of the other shows currently on air. Please, ABC, please, Marvel, we want more Peggy! But enough wallowing, as Peggy would say. Let’s get on with it.
Episode 6 is entitled “A Sin to Err”. Dr. Ivchenko is brought back to the SSR, hoping he can reveal anything about Leviathan. Carter is kicked out by Dooley, who doesn’t believe that a female Russian sleeper agent killed Krzeminski and seduced Howard to get to his weapons. He tells Carter to look into it and she teams up with Jarvis (YAY) to do just that. They make their way around the city in a hilarious montage of women getting mad at Jarvis and slapping him for breaking up with them on behalf of Stark. They track down Dottie’s last known address but of course, she’s not there.
Meanwhile, we see Dottie enter a building right across from the SSR headquarters. She walks into a dental office and is interviewed by the creepiest dentist who makes a pass at her. Wrong move, buddy. She kills him and gains the perfect vantage point to look into Chief Dooley’s office across the street. She takes a sniper gun out as if to assassinate the psychiatrist, but actually uses it to receive a message that he’s tapping out in Morse. Yup! He’s evil. Damn it. He’s also slowly getting into Dooley’s mind by talking to him about his marital problems. We later find out he has hypnotic powers as he tries to manipulate this random agent to take him to Stark’s weapons. Except only Dooley has the authority. The Doctor orders the agent to commit suicide.
Sousa confirms with a witness that Carter was the woman who beat him up and tells Dooley, who orders agents to bring her in. It reminded me of when Steve Rogers was declared a fugitive in Winter Soldier. Peggy is cornered by agents at the diner but obviously fights them off. To his credit, Jarvis helps. Chad Michael Murray, whose name I finally remember, it’s Jack, is waiting for her in the back alley and she takes him down too. Sousa pulls a gun on her but she calls his bluff and runs off to retrieve Steve’s blood.
At her apartment, she has another great scene with Angie. Earlier in the episode, they have a moment in the diner where Peggy tells Angie not to give up on her dream of becoming an actress. While Peggy is hiding from the agents on the ledge just outside of Angie’s room, she puts on the performance of a lifetime, crying at will and convincing them to leave. I love their friendship so much. But it’s all for naught, since Dottie runs into Peggy as she’s making her escape and uses her own lipstick against her then feigns innocence. The agents bring a disoriented Peggy in and the episode ends as her interrogation is about to begin.
All in all, a great way to set up everything that happens in this week’s episode: “Snafu”. Very aptly named, because things…GO…DOWN. We have yet another disturbing flashback from the Doctor, this time as he hypnotizes a soldier not to feel pain during an amputation. We discover just how powerful his hypnotic powers are. Back in present day, Sousa, Thompson and Dooley take turns trying to break Carter, who obviously doesn’t. Hayley Atwell’s acting is just on point in this episode. I mean she’s always great but she shines even more in this one.
Jarvis to the rescue. He comes in with a signed confession by Howard Stark in exchange for Peggy’s release. The chief wants Stark in person and keeps Jarvis and Peggy until he arrives. He tells Carter she’s fired. Peggy deduces from Jarvis that the confession is a fake and that Stark is not coming. Before they can think up a way to escape, Peggy sees the Doctor in Dooley’s office tapping out Morse code and translates the message that something will happen in 90 minutes. She decides to reveal everything to Dooley and the other agents to regain their trust, dropping some truth about how they all didn’t notice what she was doing because of her gender. Then she shows them Steve’s blood in yet another touching scene. The chief tells Thompson and Sousa to check the other building out with a couple of agents. The Doctor sees them crossing the street from the window (Seriously?! Get him away from there, already!) and cranks up his hypnotic hold on Dooley.
While Dottie and Sousa fight, Dooley locks Carter and Jarvis in the interrogation room and gives Ivchenko Item 17 of Stark’s weapons. Then we flash to a scene with the chief coming home to his family and reuniting with his wife, but alas, it was just a fantasy. In reality, he’s actually still in his office, wearing an explosive vest. Why are all of Howard’s inventions the absolute worse?! The scientists don’t know what to do. Carter and Jarvis are at a loss. Finally, Dooley realizes what he has to do: sacrifice himself to save everyone. After asking Jack to tell his wife sorry he missed dinner and making Peggy promise to catch the people responsible, he jumps out the window just in time. This was actually such a tragic scene. The more we found out about Dooley, the more he grew on me. They’re really not afraid of killing off characters in this show. I guess it’s probably because of the limited episode count.
Meanwhile, we see that Item 17 is a gas that makes people go crazy and kill each other? What is this, Joker Gas? Maybe it’s because a villain that had a similar superpower was in The Flash just recently, but the reveal didn’t affect me all that much. What exactly does Leviathan want with it? I guess everything will be revealed in the series finale.
I simultaneously can’t wait but also don’t want it to end.
Tagged as abc, Agent Carter, agent carter recap, Captain America, Captain America The Winter Soldier, comics, Marvel, marvel comics, Peggy Carter, Steve Rogers, tv, tv show, tv shows
February 5, 2015 · 10:38 am
Time for a little Throwback Thursday: For some reason, probably because I was juggling work, taking the plunge to dye my hair blonde and preparing for my Super Bowl party, I completely dropped the ball on my Agent Carter recap last week. I obviously watched it and have just finished watching this week’s episode last night so here is my review for both episodes.
Regarding Episode 4 “The Blitzkrieg Button”, I must confess that I had to go on Wikipedia to see what happened last week which should tell you what I thought of it. It was mostly filler. The plot is advancing steadily but only minor things were revealed. The chief travels all the way to Germany to find out that the two Leviathan agents were supposed to have been killed during the Battle of Finow but survived for some unknown reason. Apparently the Soviets were dead even before the Nazis arrived. Meanwhile back in the US, Chad Michael Murray (I’m not even going to bother learning his character’s name at this point) is put in charge of the office and works everyone overtime to get any leads to the murder of their misogynistic co-worker, except for Peggy who’s assigned to take lunch orders.
Howard Stark is back and his scenes with Peggy are pretty hilarious. He poses as her cousin but they act and fight like siblings. He tasks her with retrieving one of his weapons a button (hence the title) that can cause shut down the city’s power, but in reality contains a vial of Captain America’s blood. She is obviously upset about the lie and takes it upon herself to hide the vial. There are also a couple of really good scenes with Agent Sousa trying to prove he’s still useful by interrogating a bum from the docks. I guess there was also creepy guy who got screwed over by Stark and Jarvis but he really wasn’t important since Peggy’s new housemate ends up killing him, revealing what most of us suspected from the beginning: she’s shady.
Which brings us to Episode 5, “The Iron Ceiling”, where Peggy reunites with the Howling Commandos. She basically shows off why she’s the best agent they have by deciphering the message sent by the Leviathan typewriter and it gives them their next mission: Russia! I must admit that when they opened with sleeper agents, I was so happy. We’re finally getting some allusion to Black Widow, even though she’s not actually going to be in it (Dottie is a Russian spy!). Peggy argues her way to be part of the Russia team, promising she can get the 107th to help. It’s not exactly the same guys from Captain America, but no matter, they’re still very much a lovable team of rogues. Timothy ‘Dum Dum’ Dugan is there, so it all worked out. They infiltrate the Soviet military complex and one of the commandos is straight-up killed by one of the little girls. That’ll teach you to underestimate #LikeAGirl. Moving on, they rescue two scientists that were imprisoned to build a weapon from plans stolen from Stark.
During their getaway, they lose an SSR agent. Peggy saves Chad Michael Murray’s useless ass and pretty much everyone else because she is the best. Even though, like the last one, this episode didn’t advance the plot that much, I did not mind at all. I loved seeing Peggy interact with Dum Dum. I even was ok with the moment she had with Chad Michael Murray when he tells the truth of his experiences in Japan. Chief Dooley starts to see the bigger picture and that maybe Stark’s not as guilty as they all think. Plus, Sousa, after accidentally seeing Peggy in her undergarments, identifies two gunshot wounds on her shoulder to the identical ones on the blonde woman’s from the picture. That’s pretty much what we got from this episode. Oh and most importantly, it has given us a new mantra: “Do as Peggy says”. This show is just so good and I don’t want it to end.
Looking forward to next week’s episode focusing on Dottie and Peggy as a fugitive!
Tagged as abc, Agent Carter, agent carter recap, Agents of SHIELD, Captain America, howling commandos, Marvel, Peggy Carter, tv show
It Happened This Week…
Happy Thursday all! Once again this post is rushed because of the epic-ness that was The Flash & Arrow crossover. And also work…but mostly TV. Without further ado, here are the nerdy news headlines that interested me:
…in a galaxy far away, away
We can't stop watching it either. The #StarWars: #TheForceAwakens teaser. https://t.co/jA1oXiCyHn
— Star Wars (@starwars) November 29, 2014
I couldn’t not include this.
…in Hollywood
Awards Season is coming
…in Marvel’s TV universe
Agent Carter will have a 2-hour premiere on January 6th so technically the seven-part television event is basically eight! Best. News. Ever.
…in the ever-growing DC Cinematic Universe
Well done, DC. Well done. By now you’ve probably heard about the major casting announcement that DC dropped this week, revealing their entire cast for the upcoming Suicide Squad movie. The Mary Sue does a great recap of everything known so far. I’m actually very excited to see if Oprah, Octavia Spencer or Viola Davis will play Amanda Waller. Plus I’m glad the movie doesn’t necessarily negate a TV series from happening.
Tagged as Agent Carter, dc, dc comics, it happened this week, Marvel, marvel comics, nerdy, nerdy news
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1663
|
__label__cc
| 0.595033
| 0.404967
|
Home / Science / Medical / Investigating Relevance of Internal Medicine Recertification Exam
Investigating Relevance of Internal Medicine Recertification Exam
Posted by: Mohammad Daeizadeh in Medical, Science July 18, 2017 0 283 Views
By Anna Williams
Almost 70 percent of questions on the American Board of Internal Medicine’s (ABIM) Internal Medicine Maintenance of Certification (MOC) exam concurred with the frequency of conditions that physicians see in office visits and hospital stays, according to a new study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA).
Marianne Green, MD, Raymond H. Curry Professor and senior associate dean for Medical Education, was a senior author of the paper published in JAMA.
Marianne Green, MD, Raymond H. Curry Professor and senior associate dean for Medical Education, was a senior author on the paper.
The Internal Medicine MOC examination, which assesses medical knowledge and clinical judgement, is a key requirement of the MOC process for general internists. But physicians have questioned whether the exam content accurately reflects the medical conditions they most commonly see.
“There have been questions raised as to the relevancy of this exam, and so we wanted to actually take a look and see whether the exam reflected conditions that were being seen in practice,” Green said.
In the current study, the investigators used data from the 2010-2013 National Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys and the 2010 National Hospital Discharge Survey to determine the frequency of 186 medical conditions, such as diabetes and liver disease, seen in both inpatient and outpatient settings. They then compared those numbers with the frequency of related questions on Internal Medicine MOC exams administered between 2010 and 2013.
Overall, 69 percent of questions were found to be concordant with conditions seen in practice.
Although 31 percent of questions were determined to be discordant, the investigators note that the study only considered the frequency of certain conditions, and not their importance to patient care.
“Many of the conditions that were found to be discordant on the basis of the formula that we applied were things that physicians might not see very frequently, but that are clearly very important,” Green said. “For example, you don’t see a lot of pericarditis, which is inflammation of the sac around the heart. But does that mean a doctor shouldn’t be asked about it? No, because you still need to know how to diagnose and take care of a patient who comes to you with that condition.”
The study data also preceded a revised Internal Medicine MOC exam, which ABIM administrated in the fall of 2015. The revised exam reflected feedback from a blueprint review process, where physicians were invited to rate exam topics by both their frequency and their importance. These ratings were then used to modify the exam blueprint, incorporating stakeholder input.
Green and collaborators are currently working on a paper describing that blueprint review process.
“The purpose of the maintenance of certification exam is to keep physicians up to date and ensure they are able to apply correct diagnostic reasoning and judgement to the conditions that they may encounter in adult medicine,” said Green, also an associate professor of Medicine in the Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics. “This paper now adds to the validity of the exam.”
The JAMA paper was also co-authored by Bradley Gray, PhD, senior health services researcher at ABIM and Rebecca Lipner, PhD, senior vice president, assessment and research at ABIM.
The study was supported by ABIM. Green previously served as chair of the ABIM’s Internal Medicine Board and is a member of the ABIM Council and chair-elect of its board of directors.
source: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
clinical judgement Internal Medicine Recertification Exam Marianne Green medical knowledge 2017-07-18
Tagged with: clinical judgement Internal Medicine Recertification Exam Marianne Green medical knowledge
Previous: New Berkeley Lab Algorithms Extract 3-D Biological Structure From Limited Data
Next: Henry V – Act 4, SCENE VII. Another part of the field by William Shakespeare
دانلود رایگان آلبوم Bob Wills – The Tiffany Transcriptions CD 1 Free Download : Bob Wills – The Tiffany Transcriptions CD 1
Free Download : Tom Waits – Time + Lyrics
Stanford develops ‘autofocals’ – glasses that track your eyes to focus on what you see
سروده ای ازشیخ فریدالدین عطار نیشابوری : مادری بر خاک دختر میگریست
Chinese medical education rising unevenly from Cultural Revolution rubble
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1666
|
__label__wiki
| 0.550187
| 0.550187
|
US4820377A - Method for cleanup processing chamber and vacuum process module - Google Patents
Method for cleanup processing chamber and vacuum process module Download PDF
US4820377A US07/074,422 US7442287A US4820377A US 4820377 A US4820377 A US 4820377A US 7442287 A US7442287 A US 7442287A US 4820377 A US4820377 A US 4820377A
set forth
Cecil J. Davis
Robert T. Matthews
Rhett B. Jucha
Lee M. Loewenstein
Texas Instruments Inc
1987-07-16 Application filed by Texas Instruments Inc filed Critical Texas Instruments Inc
1987-07-16 Priority to US07/074,422 priority Critical patent/US4820377A/en
1987-07-16 Assigned to TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED reassignment TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: DAVIS, CECIL J., JUCHA, RHETT B., LOEWENSTEIN, LEE M., MATTHEWS, ROBERT T.
C23C16/48—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating by irradiation, e.g. photolysis, radiolysis, particle radiation
C23C16/481—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating by irradiation, e.g. photolysis, radiolysis, particle radiation by radiant heating of the substrate
C23C16/50—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges
C23C16/517—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges using a combination of discharges covered by two or more of groups C23C16/503 - C23C16/515
Y10S438/00—Semiconductor device manufacturing: process
Y10S438/905—Cleaning of reaction chamber
A process module having remote plasma and in situ plasma generators, and a radiant heater, which represent three separate energy sources. The three sources can be used singly or in any combination and can be separately controllable.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application incorporates by reference each of the following applications which are related cases of a common assignee and contain related subject matter:
Ser. No. 060,991, filed 06/12/87, pending, Vacuum Slice Carrier; which is a continuing application of Ser. No. 790,918, filed 10/24/85 by Davis, Cecil and Matthews, Robert; now abandoned;
Ser. No. 060,976 filed 06/12/87, pending, Advanced Vacuum Processor; which is a continuing application of Ser. No. 790,708, filed 10/24/85 by Davis, Cecil; Spencer, John; Wooldridge, Tim; and Carter, Duane; now abandoned;
U.S. Pat. No. 4,687,542, L issued Aug. 18, 1987, entitled Vacuum Processing System by Davis, Cecil; Matthews, Robert; and Hildenbrand, Randall;
Ser. No. 790,707, filed 10/24/85, Pat. No. 4,685,999, entitled Apparatus for Plasma-Assisted Etching by Davis, Cecil; Carter, Duane; and Jucha, Rhett;
Ser. No. 061,017, filed 06/12/87, pending, entitled Integrated Circuit Processing System; which is a continuing application of Ser. No. 824,342, filed 1/30/86 by Davis, Cecil; Bowling, Robert; and Matthews, Robert; and
Ser. No. 915,608, filed 10/06/86, Pat. No. 4,718,975, entitled Movable Particle Shield by Bowling, Robert; Larrabee, Graydon; and Liu, Benjamin;
Ser. No. 074,448, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Davis, Cecil; Matthews, Robert; Loewenstein, Lee; Abernathy, Joe; and Wooldridge, Timothy;
Ser. No. 075,016, filed 7/17/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Davis, Cecil; Loewenstein, Lee; Matthews, Robert; and Jones, John;
Ser. No. 073,943, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Loewenstein, Lee; Rose, Alan; Kennedy, Robert III; Huffman, Craig; and Davis, Cecil;
Ser. No. 073,948, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Loewenstein, Lee;
Ser. No. 073,942, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Jucha, Rhett; and Davis, Cecil;
Ser. No. 074,419, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Davis, Cecil; and Matthews, Robert;
Ser. No. 074,377, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Davis, Cecil; Jucha, Rhett; Hildenbrand, Randall; Schultz, Richard; Loewenstein, Lee; Matthews, Robert; Huffman, Craig; and Jones, John;
Ser. No. 074,398, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Davis, Cecil; Loewenstein, Lee; Jucha, Rhett; Matthews, Robert; Hildenbrand, Randall; Freeman, Dean; and Johes, John;
Ser. No. 074,456, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Davis, Cecil; Jucha, Rhett; Luttmer, Joseph; York, Rudy; Loewenstein, Lee; Matthews, Robert; and Hildenbrand, Randall;
Ser. No. 074,450, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Jucha, Rhett; Davis, Cecil; and Jones, John;
Ser. No. 074,375, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Jucha, Rhett; Carter, D.; Davis, Cecil; and Crank, S.;
Ser. No. 074,411, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Jucha, Rhett; Davis, Cecil; Carter, D.; Crank, S.; and Jones, John;
Ser. No. 074,390, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Jucha, Rhett; Davis, Cecil; and Crank, S.;
Ser. No. 074,114, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Davis, Cecil; Loewenstein, Lee; Freeman, Dean; and Burris, James;
Ser. No. 074,373, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Freeman, Dean; Burris, James; Davis, Cecil; and Loewenstein, Lee;
Ser. No. 074,391, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Freeman, Dean; Burris, James; Davis, Cecil; and Lowenstein, Lee:
Ser. No. 074,415, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Freeman, Dean; Burris, James; Davis, Cecil; Loewenstein, Lee;
Ser. No. 074,451, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Luttmer, Joseph; Davis, Cecil; Smith, Patricia; York, Rudy; Loewenstein, Lee; and Jucha, Rhett;
Ser. No. 074,945, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Luttmer, Joseph, Davis, Cecil; Smith, Patricia; and York, Rudy;
Ser. No. 073,936, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Luttmer, Joseph, Davis, Cecil; Smith, Patricia, and York, Rudy;
Ser. No. 074,111, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Luttmer, Joseph, York, Rudy; Smith Patricia; and Davis, Cecil;
Ser. No. 074,386, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled processing Apparatus and Method; by York, Rudy; Luttmer, Joseph; Smith, Patricia; and Davis, Cecil;
Ser. No. 075,018, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Davis, Cecil; Abernathy, Joe; Matthews, Robert; Hildenbrand, Randall; Simpson, Bruce; Bohlman, James; Loewenstein, Lee; and Jones, John;
Ser. No. 074,112, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Davis, Cecil; Matthews, Robert; York, Rudy; Luttmer, Joseph; Jakubik, Dwain; and Hunter, James;
Ser. No. 074,449, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Davis, Cecil; Smith, Greg; Matthews, Robert; Jones, John; Smith, James; and Schultz, Richard;
Ser. No. 074,406, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Davis, Cecil; Freeman, Dean; Matthews, Robert; Tomlin, Joel;
Ser. No. 073,941, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Davis, Cecil; Loewenstein, Lee; Tipton, Charlotte; Smith, Randee, Pohlmeier, R.; Jones, John; Bowling, Robert; and Russell, I.;
Ser. No. 074,371, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Loewenstein, Lee; and Davis, Cecil;
Ser. No. 074,418, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Fisher, Wayne;
Ser. No. 073,934, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Fisher, Wayne; Bennett, Tommy; Davis, Cecil; and Matthews, Robert;
Ser. No. 074,403, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Davis, Cecil; Matthews, Robert; and Fisher, Wayne;
Ser. No. 075,019, filed 7/17/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Davis, Cecil; Freeman, Dean; Matthews, Robert; and Tomlin, Joel;
Ser. No. 073,939, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Davis, Cecil; Abernathy, Joe; Matthews, Robert, Hildenbrand, Randy; Simpson, Bruce; Bohlman, James; Loewenstein, Lee; and Jones, John;
Ser. No. 073,944, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Cecil, Davis and Jucha, Rhett;
Ser. No. 073,935, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Liu, Jiann; Davis, Cecil; and Loewenstein, Lee;
Ser. No. 074,129, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Appatus and Method; by Loewenstein, Lee; Freeman, Dean; and Davis, Cecil;
Ser. No. 074,455, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Loewenstein, Lee; Freeman, Dean; and Davis, Cecil;
Ser. No. 074,425, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Loewenstein, Lee; Davis, Cecil; and Jucha, Rhett;
Ser. No. 073,947, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Davis, Cecil; Loewenstein, Lee; and Jucha, Rhett;
Ser. No. 074,452, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Jucha, Rhett; Davis, Cecil; and Loewenstein, Lee;
Ser. No. 074,422, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Davis, Cecil; Matthews, Robert; Jucha, Rhett; and Loewenstein, Lee;
Ser. No. 074,113, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Davis, Cecil; Matthews, Robert; Loewenstein, Lee; Jucha, Rhett; Hildenbrand, Randy; and Jones, John;
Ser. No. 073,946, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Davis, Cecil; and Matthews, Robert; and
Ser. No. 073,938, filed 7/16/87, pending, entitled Processing Apparatus and Method; by Davis, Cecil; and Matthews, Robert.
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for manufacturing integrated circuits and other electronic devices.
One of the basic problems in integrated circuit manufacturing is defects caused by the presence of particulates. For example, if photolithography with 0.8 micron minimum geometry is being performed to pattern a conductor layer, the presence of a 0.5 micron particle can narrow the patterned line enough to cause a defect which will prevent the circuit from operating (either immediately due to an open circuit, or eventually due to electromigration). For another example, if a 100 Å particle of silicon adheres to the surface and is included in a 200 Å nitride layer being grown, the dielectric will have greater chances of breaking down at that point, even assuming that no subsequent process step disturbs the silicon particles.
This problem is becoming more and more troublesome because of two trends in integrated circuit processing: First, as device dimensions become smaller and smaller, the size of a "killing defect" becomes smaller, so that it is necessary to avoid the presence of smaller and smaller particles. This makes the job of making sure that a clean room is really clean increasingly difficult. For example, a clean room which is Class 1 (i.e. has an atmosphere with less than one particle per cubic foot) for particles of one micron and larger may well be Class 1000 or worse if particle sizes down to 100 Angstroms are counted.
Second, there is an increased desire to use large size integrated circuits. For example, integrated circuit sizes larger than 50,000 square mils are much more commonly used now than they were five years ago. This means that each fatal defect is likely to destroy a larger area of processed wafer than was previously true. Another way to think of this is that not only has the critical defect size decreased, but the critical defect density has also decreased.
Thus, particulates are not only an extremely important source of loss in integrated circuit manufacturing yields, but their importance will increase very rapidly in the coming years. Thus, it is an object of the present invention to provide generally applicable methods for fabricating integrated circuits which reduce the sensitivity of the process to particulate contamination.
One of the major sources of particulate contamination is human-generated, including both the particles which are released by human bodies and the particles which are stirred up by equipment operators moving around inside a semiconductor processing facility (front end). To reduce the potential for particulate contamination from this major source, the general trend in the industry has been to make more use of automatic transfer operations. Using such operations, for example, a cassette of wafers can be placed into a machine, and then the machine automatically transfers the wafers, one by one, from the cassette through the machine (to effect the processing steps necessary) and back to the cassette, without manual assistance.
However, efforts in the area of automatic transfer operations have served to highlight the importance of a second source of particles, namely particles generated by the wafers and the transfer mechanisms during handling and transport operations. When the surface of the wafer jostles slightly against any other hard surface, some particulate (of silicon, silicon dioxide, or other materials) is likely to be released. The particulate density inside a conventional wafer carrier is typically quite high, due to this source of particulate. Moreover, many of the prior art mechanisms for wafer transport generate substantial quantities of particulate. The general problem is discussed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,439,243 and 4,439,244, which are incorporated by reference hereinto.
Some types of wafer processing are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,293,249 by Whelan issued on Oct. 6, 1981, 4,306,292 by Head issued on Dec. 15, 1981, and 3,765,763 by Nygaard issued on Oct. 16, 1973, which are incorporated by reference hereinto.
The prior applications of common assignee discussed above addressed this facet of the problem by providing a vacuum wafer carrier in which particulate generation due to abrasion of the surface of the wafer during transport is reduced. The teachings of these prior applications enabled not only reduced generation of particulate in the carrier during transport and storage, but also reduced transport of particulate to the wafer's active face during transport and storage, by carrying the wafers face down under a high vacuum. This allowed the rapid settling of both ambient and transport generated particulate on other than the active wafer face.
The wafers can therefore be transported, loaded, unloaded and processed without ever seeing atmospheric or even low vacuum conditions. This is extremely useful, because, at pressures of less than about 10-5 Torr, there will not be enought Brownian motion to support particles of sizes larger than about 100 Å, and these particles will fall out of this low-pressure atmosphere relatively rapidly.
FIG. 2 shows the time required for particles of different sizes to fall one meter under atmospheric pressure. Note that, at a pressure of 10-5 Torr or less, even 100 Å particles will fall one meter per second, and larger particles will fall faster. (Large particles will simply fall ballistically, at the acceleration of gravity.) Thus, an atmosphere with a pressure below 10-5 Torr means that particles one hundred angstroms or larger can only be transported ballistically, and are not likely to be transported onto the critical wafer surface by random air currents or Brownian drift.
The relevance of this curve to the various embodiments described in the present application is that the prior applications were the first known teachings of a way to process wafers so that the wafers are never exposed to airborne particulates, from the time they are loaded into the first vacuum process station (which might well be a scrubbing and pumpdown station) until the time when processing has been completed, except where the processing step itself requires higher pressures (e.g. for conventional photolithography stations or for wet processing steps). This means that the total possibilities for particulate collection on the wafers are vastly reduced.
The prior applications cited above also taught use of the vacuum wafer carrier design together with a load lock and vacuum wafer transport mechanism at more than one process module, to provide a complete low-particulate wafer transfer system. These vacuum load locks can usefully incorporate mechanisms for opening a vacuum wafer carrier after the load lock has been pumped down, for removing wafers from the carrier in whatever random-access order is desired, and for passing the wafers one by one through a port into an adjacent processing chamber. Moreover, the load lock mechanism can close and reseal the vacuum wafer carrier, so that the load lock itself can be brought up to atmospheric pressure and the vacuum wafer carrier removed, without ever breaking the vacuum in the vacuum wafer carrier. This process takes maximum advantage of the settling phenomena illustrated in FIG. 2 and described in more detail below. The wafer can then be moved in a virtually particulate free environment from the carrier to the load lock, into the process chamber and back through the load lock to the carrier for, potentially, an entire manufacturing sequence.
A process station (which may optionally contain one process module or more than one process module) has more than one load lock attached to it. This has several actual and potential advantages. First, processing can continue on wafers transferred in from one load lock while the other load lock is being reloaded, so that throughput is increased. Second, with some types of mechanical malfunction it will be possible to move at least the in-process wafers out of the central module area (into one of the load locks, or even into one of the process modules) to keep them from exposure to ambient if it is necessary to vent the process module to correct the malfunction. This means that even fairly severe faults may be recoverable. Third, if separate transfer arms are provided inside each of the load locks, this provides the further advantage that, if a mechanical problem occurs with one transfer apparatus inside its load lock, the process station can continue in production, using transfer through the other load lock, while maintenance is summoned to correct the mechanical malfunction.
The various process modules disclosed in the present application provide a tremendous improvement in the modularity of processing equipment. That is, a reactor can be changed to any one of a very wide variety of functions by a relatively simple replacement. It may be seen from the detailed descriptions below that most of the different functions available can be installed merely by making replacements in the wafer susceptor and related structures--i.e. in the top piece of the reactor, which bolts on--or in the feed structures, i.e. the structures directly below the wafer. Thus, the basic configuration of the vacuum chamber and wafer transfer interface is changed very little.
This capability confers tremendous advantages. First, the marginal capital cost of adding a new processing capability is greatly descreased. Second, the flexibility of manufacturing space is greatly increased, since machines can be reconfigured with relative ease to perform new functions. Third, the design development time for reactor structures is greatly decreased. Fourth, the time required to train personnel in use of a new reactor is also greatly descreased, since many key functions will be performed identically across a wide variety of reactors. Fifth, the cost of mistakes will be reduced, since operators will less frequently make mistakes due to unfamiliarity or confusion due to variety of equipment. Sixth, the carrying cost of an adequate spare parts inventory will be reduced. Seventh, the delay cost of repair and maintenance functions can be reduced, since many such functions can be performed off-line after an appropriate replacement module is swapped into the production reactor. Eighth, the presence of disused and obsolete machines in manufacturing space can be minimized, because of a machine which had been configured to perform an unneeded function can be reconfigured.
The various classes of modules disclosed herein provide the advantage that the "footprint" required to emplace them is minimal. That is, if one or more process modules like those described is located in a clean room, only a minimum of clean room floor space (which is very expensive) will be required.
The capability for transferring wafers from one process chamber to another without breaking vacuum is enhanced by the modular compatibility of the below described embodiments. In particular, one of the advantages of modular processing units of the kind disclosed herein is that a single process station may advantageously contain several process modules like those described, so that wafers need not even go through the load lock to be transferred between two modules which are in a common station.
One way to think about the advantages of the various module designs discussed below might be to consider that they provide a super-capable reactor, i.e. has more adaptation capability than can ever be used for any single process. Viewed in this light, it may also be seen that their features are advantageous in sequential processing. That is, it has been recognized as desirable to perform more than one process in the same chamber without removing the wafer. The reactor designs disclosed herein are particularly advantageous in doing this, since the "excess" capability of the reactor design means that it is easier to configure it to perform two sequential steps.
Other and further advantages are set forth within and toward the end of the Description of the Preferred Embodiment.
The present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 shows a sample embodiment of a load lock which is compatible with vacuum processing and transport of semiconductor integrated circuit wafers.
FIG. 2 shows a graph of the time required to fall through air at various pressures for particulates of various sizes.
FIG. 3 shows a sample wafer transfer structure, in a process station, wherein the wafer is placed onto three pins by the transfer arm 28 reaching through the inter-chamber transfer port 30 from the adjacent vacuum load lock chamber 12.
FIG. 4 shows a closer view of a sample embodiment of a multi-wafer vacuum wafer carrier 10, docked onto the position registration platform 18 inside a load lock like that of FIG. 1.
FIGS. 5A and 5B show a plan view of a sample process stations including process modules and wafer transfer stages, and a load locks.
FIG. 6 shows a configuration for a process module, which can be used as one of the process modules inside the process station shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B.
FIG. 7 shows the plasma reactor of FIG. 6 in the closed position, as it would be during the actual etch process.
FIG. 8 shows a plan view of the reactor of FIG. 6.
FIG. 9 shows an improved version of the process module of FIG. 6, in a sample embodiment which includes the capability for process enhancement by ultraviolet light generated in situ and also the capability is also provided for providing activated species (generated by gas flows through an additional plasma discharge which is remote from the wafer face) to the wafer face. The module is shown in a process station which includes only one module and one load lock, but can also be used in embodiments like that of FIGS. 5A and 5B.
FIG. 10 shows a physical configuration for a process station which can be used for implementing some of the embodiments described herein.
FIG. 11 shows a flow chart for a load lock control system which provides particulate protection in a vacuum process system.
FIG. 12 is a detailed view of the structure to realize the capability for process enhancement by ultraviolet light generated in situ, in embodiments such as that of FIG. 9.
FIG. 13 shows an alternative version of the structure of FIG. 12, without the isolator window which (in the embodiment of FIG. 12) helps separate the gas flows of the ultraviolet source plasma from the process gas flows near the wafer face.
FIG. 14 shows a further alternative version of the structure of FIG. 12, wherein the plasma which provides the ultraviolet source is generated between electrodes which are approximately cylindrical, and wherein capability is also provided for providing activated species (generated by gas flows through an additional plasma discharge which is remote from the wafer face) to the wafer face.
FIG. 15 shows an example of a structure which generates activated species by gas flows through a plasma discharge which is remote from the wafer face, in embodiments like that of FIG. 14.
FIG. 16 shows an example of a module which provides the combined capabilities of plasma bombardment from a plasma in close proximity to the wafer face, and provision of activated species from a remote discharge, and illumination of the wafer face with intense ultraviolet light.
FIG. 17 shows an example of a process module which provides two separate gas feed distributors, and which is particularly advantageous for chemical vapor deposition operations using two source species.
FIG. 18 shows a portion of a process module which permits rapid thermal processing to be performed with reduced risk of wafer damage, and
FIGS. 19A, 19B and 19C schematically show how the operation of the heat source of FIG. 18 can alter the the distribution of heating across the wafer, and
FIG. 20 shows sample plots of heating across a wafer diameter under the conditions of FIGS. 19B and 19C.
FIGS. 21A and 21B show two structures for reducing coductive heat transfer between a wafer and a transparent vacuum window in rapid thermal processing embodiments, including sample gas flow connections to supply a purge gas to the void between the wafer and the transparent vacuum wall, and
FIG. 21C shows a third way to minimize this conductive heat transfer, and
FIG. 21D shows a sample vacuum seal which may be used with a transparent vacuum wall which is subject to wide temperature variations in a rapid thermal processing environment.
FIG. 22 shows another configuration of a heat source for rapid thermal processing, in which the overall width of the heat source is minimal.
FIG. 23 shows the details of a process module, which provides combined capabilities for high-temperature processing (and cleanup), plasma bombardment, and provision of remotely generated activated species to the wafer face.
FIG. 24 shows a process module, which provides combined capabilities for high-temperature processing (and cleanup), plasma bombardment, provision of remotely generated activated species to the wafer face, and illumination of the wafer face by intense ultraviolet light generated in situ.
FIGS. 25A and 25B show a process module with capability for edge-preferential processing (and specifically for photoresist bake and/or edge bead removal).
FIG. 26A shows a process module which permits cleanup and sputter deposition, and FIGS. 26B and 26C show details of the module of FIG. 26A, including a system for wafer transport within the module.
FIG. 27 shows a process module, compatible with a vacuum processing system, wherein multiple wafers are simultaneously processed under high pressure (or optionally under low pressure).
FIG. 28 shows a sample embodiment of an ion implanter process module which is compatible with a vacuum processing system.
FIGS. 29A through 29G are magnified sectional views of the inner walls of process gas piping, in several sample embodiments which provide advantages in a semiconductor process modules.
FIGS. 30A through 30E show a distributor structure, and show the improved results achieved with this structure in a descum process.
FIG. 31 is a block diagram of a computer control system.
FIG. 32 shows a process module with remote and in situ plasma.
FIGS. 33 and 34 show load lock chamber adapted to transfer wafers between a vacuum carrier and ambient.
FIGS. 35 and 36, which are similar, respectively to FIGS. 33 and 34, a load lock chamber adapted to transfer wafers between a vacuum carrier and a transfer mechanism to a vacuum processing system.
FIGS. 37 through 40 show details of a vacuum processor which has two rings of lamps.
The present invention provides major new concepts in semiconductor process methods and apparatus. The presently preferred embodiments will now be discussed in great detail, but it must be appreciated that the concepts which are included in these embodiments could also be used in many other embodiments, and the scope of the invention is not delimited by the particular examples shown.
FIG. 1 shows a sample embodiment of a vacuum wafer carrier 10 inside a vacuum load lock chamber 12. The vacuum wafer carrier 10 is also shown, in slightly greater detail, in FIG. 4.
The vacuum wafer carrier 10 is shown with its door 14 open. The door 14 is mounted in a pivotal manner to one side (the left side as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4) of the main body of carrier 10 by, for example, hinges (not shown). The door 14 has a vacuum seal 13 (FIG. 4) where it mates with the body of the vacuum wafer carrier, so that the interior of vacuum wafer carrier 10 can be maintained for several days and possibly for several tens of days, without enough leakage to raise the internal pressure above 10-3 Torr, for example, while the exterior of carrier 10 is subjected to the atmosphere.
The vacuum wafer carrier 10 is adapted to dock with a position registration platform 18. The position registration platform 18 is only partially visible in FIG. 1, but is shown in more detail in FIG. 4. When a vacuum wafer carrier 10 is placed inside the vacuum load lock chamber 12, the position of the vacuum wafer carrier 10 will, therefore, be accurately known. The vacuum wafer carrier 10 has ears 16 which engage vertical slots 17 fixed to the position registration platform 18. The vacuum wafer carrier 10 can be slid into these slots until it rests on the position registration platform 18, and thereby assure that the position of the vacuum wafer carrier 10 is definitely known. It is also useful for the position registration platform 18 to include two tapered pins 21. As shown in FIG. 4, the pins 21 are both conical shaped but they can be of different shapes, for example, one conical and one wedge-shaped. The pins 21 are positioned to engage tapered holes 23 in the underside of the vacuum wafer carrier 10 when it is lowered with ears 16 engaged with slots 17. A wide variety of other arrangements could be used to assure mechanical registration. Thus, the use of slots 17, ears 16, and pins 21 bring carrier 10 and chamber 12 into alignment (or mechanical registration).
The vacuum wafer carrier 10 also has a safety catch 15 on it which secures the door 14 from opening due to external forces being accidentally applied. An ear 500 extends from the side of the door 14 away from the hinges (not shown) which attach it to the main body of carrier 10. The safety catch 15 can also be used to hold the door 14 closed if the carrier 10 is used as a non-vacuum carrier. The ear is adapted to engage with a safety catch 15 rotatably mounted on the side (the right side as shown in FIG. 4) of carrier 10. However, under normal conditions of transport, this safety catch is not needed, since atmospheric pressure holds the door 14 shut against the internal vacuum of the vacuum wafer carrier 10. When the vacuum wafer carrier 10 is placed inside the vacuum load lock chamber 12 by engaging ears 16 with slots 17, a fixed finger 19 will engage the safety catch 15 and rotate it (upward as shown in FIG. 4) away from ear 500 to release it, so that the door 14 can be opened. Fixed finger 19 extends upward from platform 18 as shown in FIG. 4.
When the vacuum wafer carrier 10 is docked with the position registration platform 18, the door 14 will also be engaged with the top of door opening shaft 24. The door 14 can be provided with a shallow groove (not shown) in its underside, which mates with a finger and arm 25 on the top of the door opening shaft 24. The arm 25 is located to engage the door 14 near its attachment to the main body of carrier 10 in order to rotate the door 14 as desired. Thus, after the load lock has been pumped down so that differential pressure no longer holds the door 14 closed, the door can be opened by rotating (clockwise as shown in FIG. 4) door opening shaft 24. The door can be closed by rotating shaft 24 counterclockwise as shown in FIG. 4.
After the vacuum wafer carrier 10 is placed in the vacuum load lock chamber 12 (FIG. 1) and closed the load lock lid 20, a purge (with dry nitrogen or other clean gas), which can be at high pressure, is usefully applied through the manifold 22 (FIG. 1) inside the load lock lid 20. The manifold 22 includes holes in lid 20, a connection with a source of the gas into the holes in lid 20, and openings from the holes in the bottom of lid 20. The gas flows from the source through the holes in lid 20 and exits downward from lid 20 through the openings. The gas from the manifold 22 provides vertical flow which tends to transport particles downward. The gas flow from the manifold 22 also helps to remove some of the large particles which may have collected on the vacuum wafer carrier 10 during its exposure to atmospheric conditions.
After this initial purge stage (e.g. for 30 seconds or more), the chamber is then slowly pumped down to 10-3 Torr or less. This stage of the pump down should be relatively slow, in order not to stir up random particulates. That is, while low pressures do permit particles to fall from the air, those particles will still be available on the bottom of the chamber, and must not be stirred up if this can be avoided.
In order to make sure that the airborne particulates have actually fallen out of the chamber air, the interior of the vacuum load lock can then be allowed to stay at 10-3 or 10-4 Torr for a few seconds, to make sure that all of the particles which are able to fall out of the air will do so.
The use of the carrier 10 and chamber 12 in the manner described above greatly reduce the problems of airborne particulates, which have always been the dominant type of particulate transport, so that the problem of ballistically transported particulates can now be usefully addressed.
A sloped bottom and polished sidewalls for the load lock may be used as a modification of chamber 12. This would reduce the population of particulates sticking to the sidewalls and bottom which can be sent disturbed by mechanical vibration.
Note that vacuum gauges 62 (FIG. 1) are connected to the interior of the vacuum load lock chamber 12. The vacuum gauges 62 include a high-pressure gauge (such as a thermocouple), a low pressure gauge (such as an ionization gauge), and a differential sensor which accurately senses when the load lock interior pressure has been equalized with the atmosphere. The door of a vacuum wafer carrier 10 is not opened until these gauges indicate that desired vacuum has been achieved inside the load lock.
After a roughing pump and its isolation valve 702 (FIG. 31) has brought the chamber down to a soft vacuum, the gate or isolation valve 39 can be opened to connect the pump 38 to the interior of the load lock, and the pump 38 can then be operated to bring the pressure down to 10 to the -3 Torr or less.
At this point, the pressures inside the vacuum wafer carrier 10 and the vacuum load lock chamber 12 are more or less equalized, and the door 14 can be opened by activating by an door drive motor 26 (FIG. 4), which is connected to door opening shaft 24 through a vacuum feedthrough 33. Motor 26 rotates shaft 24 in a clockwise direction as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4 to open the door 14 and in a counterclockwise direction to close the door 14. Two sensor switches 708 (FIG. 31) are also included inside the vacuum load lock chamber 12, to ascertain when the door 14 is in its fully opened position, and when the door 14 is fully shut. Thus, after the load lock chamber 12 has been pumped down and allowed to sit for a few seconds, the door opening shaft 24 is rotated in a clockwise direction to open the door 14, until one sensor switch detects that the door is fully open.
During this time, the transfer arm 28 is kept in its home position at an elevation below the bottom of the door, so that the door 14 has clearance to open. After the sensor switch detects that the door 14 is fully open, the transfer arm 28 can begin to operate. In order to close the door 14, shaft 24 is rotated in a counterclockwise direction until the other sensor switch detects that the door 14 is closed.
The transfer arm 28 has two degrees of freedom. The arm is capable of both vertical and horizontal movement. One direction of motion permits the transfer arm 28 to reach into vacuum wafer carrier 10 or through inter-chamber transfer port 30 into the adjacent process module, for example, process module 570 (FIG. 9). The other degree of freedom corresponds to vertical motion of the transfer arm 28, which permits selection of a wafer inside the vacuum wafer carrier 10 to remove, or which slot a wafer is placed into during a transfer operation.
An elevator drive motor 32 provides the elevation of the transfer arm 28, and the arm drive motor 34 provides the extension and retraction of the transfer arm 28. Neither of these motors requires a vacuum feedthrough since they are housed inside the exhaust manifold 36. The manifold 36, as shown in FIG. 1, has a cylindrical shape and extends from the bottom of chamber 12 downward. The manifold also extends through and is attached to the bottom of chamber 12 a short distance into chamber 12. The pump 38 is at the end of manifold 36 away from its attachment to chamber 12. The motor 26 also extends downward from chamber 12. Pump 38 can be, for example, a turbomolecular pump. The exhaust manifold 36 does not open directly into the vacuum load lock chamber 12, but instead has apertures 40 around its top (the end of manifold 36 extending into chamber 12). Thus, the exhaust manifold 36 is configured so that there is not a line of sight path from the elevator drive motor 32, the arm drive motor 34, or from the pump 38 to the vacuum load lock chamber 12. This reduces ballistic transport of particulates from these moving elements into the load lock chamber. The arrangement shown in FIG. 1 has been found useful but other arrangements are possible to provide the necessary transportation of the wafer 48.
The elevator drive motor 32 is connected to drive a sub-platform 42 up and down, and the arm drive motor 34 is mounted on this sub-platform 42 within the manifold 36. Motor 34 is fixed within manifold 36. The drive shaft of motor 32 drives a screw 510. Screw 510 passes through threads in sub-platform 42 to drive sub-platform 42 up or down dependent on the direction of rotation of the drive shaft of motor 32. Three rods 520, 521, and 522 pass through and are capable of sliding engagement with sub-platform 42. The rods are affixed to the top of manifold 36. Also affixed to sub-platform 42 is a tubular support 46. This linkage within the manifold 36 allows the transfer 28 to easily move vertically.
Another linkage is provided inside the rotatable transfer arm support 44 which permits the transfer arm 28 to move very compactly. The tubular support 46 extends form sub-platform 42 up through the top of manifold 36. The rotatable transfer arm support 44 is connected to to be driven by a rotating rod (not shown) within tubular support 46. The tubular support 46 is fixed to arm support 44. Thus, the rotating rod is driven by the arm drive motor 34 and in turn drives arm support 44 and the rotatable transfer arm support 44 is mounted on a tubular support 46 which does not rotate but moves up and down. An internal chain and sprocket linkage is used so that the joint between rotatable transfer arm support 44 and transfer arm 28 moves with twice the angular velocity of the joint between rotatable transfer arm support 44 and tubular support 46. Of course, many other mechanical linkages could alternatively be used to accomplish this. This means that, when the rotatable transfer arm support 44 is in its home position, a wafer 48 will be supported approximately above the tubular support 46, but when the rotatable transfer arm support 44 is rotated 90 degrees with respect to the tubular support 46, the transfer arm 28 will have been rotated 180 degrees with respect to the rotatable transfer arm support 44, so the transfer arm can either extend straight into the vacuum wafer carrier 10 or else straight through the inter-chamber transfer port 30 into the adjacent processing chamber. This linkage is described in greater detail in U.S. Pat. No. 4,659,413 issued to Davis et al on Apr. 21, 1987, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
The transfer arm 28 is a thin piece of spring steel, e.g. 0.030 inch thick. The transfer arm 28 has 3 pins 50 (FIGS. 1 and 3) on it to support the wafer 48. Each of the 3 pins 50 includes a small cone 52 (FIG. 3) on a small shoulder 1900 (FIG. 3). The small cones 52 and small shoulders 1900 can be made of a material which is soft enough to not scratch silicon. For example, these portions, which are the only portions of transfer arm 28 which actually touch the wafers being transported, can be made of a high-temperature plastic (i.e. a plastic with a relatively low propensity to outgas under vacuum) such as Ardel (a thermoplastic phenyl acrylate, made by Union Carbide) or Delrin. Note that the use of a small cone 52 at the center of each of the 3 pins 50 permits very slight misalignments of the wafer to the transfer arm 28 to be corrected. In other words the system of wafer transport described here is a stable mechanical system, wherein small misalignments during successive operations will not accumulate, but will be damped out. The contact with the wafer 48 and the pins 50 are only at the edge of the wafer.
Note that, in the positioning of the wafer 48 as shown, one of the 3 pins 50 rests against the flat portion 56 (FIG. 4) on the circumference 49 (FIG. 4) of wafer 48. This means that, in this embodiment, the 3 pins 50 on the transfer arm 28 do not define a circle of the same diameter as the diameter of the wafer 48 to be handled.
To assure that the flat portion 56 (FIG. 4) of each wafer 48 does not interfere with accurate handling of the wafers, the vacuum wafer carrier 10 has a flat contact surface 29 on its interior back side which the flat portion 56 of each wafer 48 will rest against. Elastic elements 27 (FIG. 4) on the inside surface of the door 14 pushes each wafer against this flat surface when the door 14 is closed, so that relative movement of the wafers and the carrier during transit is minimized, that is the wafers do not rub against the ledges 60. This also assures that, when the door 14 is opened, the location of the flat portion 56 on each wafer 48 is accurately known. That is the wafer is in a known predetermined alignment.
In operation, after the vacuum wafer carrier 10 is in the vacuum load lock chamber 12 with its door 14 open, the elevator drive motor 32 is operated to bring the transfer arm 28 to just below the height of the first wafer 48 which it is desired to remove, and the arm drive motor 34 is then operated to extend the transfer arm 28 into the interior of the carier 10. This is the leftmost position of the three positions of arm 28 shown in FIG. 1. By operating the elevator drive motor 32 briefly, the transfer arm 28 is raised slightly until the 3 pins 50 around its circumference 49 lift the desired wafer off of the ledges 60 (FIG. 4) on which it has been resting inside the vacuum wafer carrier 10.
Note that the ledges 60, as shown in FIG. 4, are tapered surfaces rather than flat surfaces, so that contact between the ledges 60 and the wafer 48 resting on them is a line contact rather than an area contact, and is limited to the edge of the wafer. This prevents contact between carrier and wafer over a substantial area, possibly of many square millimeters, but the "line contact" used is over a much smaller area, typically of a few square millimeters or less. An alternative definition of the "line contact" used in this embodiment is that the wafer support contacts the surface of the wafer only at points which are less than one millimeter from its edge. Thus, by raising the transfer arm 28, a wafer 48 will be picked up, and will be resting on the small cones or small shoulders 1900 of the 3 pins 50 on the transfer arm 28.
The ledges 60 can have a center-to-center spacing of 0.187 inches inside the vacuum wafer carrier 10. This center-to-center spacing, less the thickness of the wafers 48, must allow clearance enough for the height of the transfer arm 28 plus the 3 pins 50, but need not be much more. For example, the transfer arm is about 0.080 inch thick, including the height of the small cones 52 on the 3 pins 50. The wafer 48 can be, for example, about 0.021 inch thick so that about 0.085 inch clearance is available. The thickness and diameters of the wafers can vary widely. Genrally, larger diameter wafers will have greater thicknesses, but vacuum wafer carrier 10 of this kind is suited to use with such larger diameter wafers, since the size of the vacuum wafer carrier 10 and the center spacing of the ledges 60 inside the vacuum wafer carrier 10 can simply be adjusted appropriately. The carrier 10 can also be adapted to carry thinner wafers, for example, GaAs as desired.
After the transfer arm 28 has picked up the wafer 48, the arm drive motor 34 is operated to bring the transfer arm 28 to the home position (which is the middle position as shown in FIG. 1). This is the middle position of arm 28 as shown in FIG. 1. The elevator drive motor 32 is then operated to bring the transfer arm 28 to a height where it can reach through the inter-chamber transfer port 30 (FIG. 3).
The inter-chamber transfer port 30 is covered by an isolation gate 31. Although the gate 31 as shown in FIG. 3 seals the inter-chamber transfer port 30 by making sliding contact. When shaft 580 is rotated (as shown in FIG. 3), the linkage provided drives gate 31 upward (as show in FIG. 3) and covers the port 30. To open the port 30 the shaft 580 is rotated in the opposite direction. If desired the sealing can be performed by a rotated movement. (Again, the absence of sliding contact may be advantageous to reduce internally generated particulates.) The isolation gate 31 over the inter-chamber transfer port 30 can operated by an air cylinder, but a stepper motor could be used in the alternative. Thus, a total of four motors can be used: two which use vacuum feedthroughs, and two which are contained inside the exhaust manifold 36. The arm drive motor is now operated again, to extend the transfer arm 28 through inter-chamber transfer port 30 into the adjacent processing chamber. This is the rightmost position of arm 28 as shown in FIG. 1. The adjacent processing chamber may be any one of many different kinds of process modules, for example, any processing module disclosed herein such as an implanter, a plasma etch, and a deposition module or any other type of process module.
The transfer arm reaching through the inter-chamber transfer port 30 will place the wafer 48 on wafer support pins 53 as shown in FIG. 3, like those used in the transfer arm 28 itself. (Note that the inter-chamber transfer port 30 should have enough vertical height to permit some vertical travel while the transfer arm 28 is extended through inter-chamber transfer port 30, so that transfer arm 28 can move vertically to lift a wafer from or deposit a wafer onto the wafer support, for example, wafer support pins 53 inside the processing chamber.) The wafer 28 is deposited by arm 28 on the tops of pins 53.
Alternatively, the processing chamber may include a fixture having spaced sloped ledges like the ledges 60 inside the transfer box, or may have other mechanical arrangements to receive the wafer. However, in any case, the arrangement used to receive the transferred wafer 48 must have clearance on the underside of the wafer (at least at the time of transfer), so that the transfer arm 28 can reach in on the underside of the wafer to emplace or remove it. If the wafer support pins 53 are used to receive the transferred wafer, it may be desirable to provide a bellows motion or a vacuum feedthrough in order to provide vertical motion of the wafer support pins 53 inside the processing chamber. Thus, for example, where the processing chamber is a plasma etch or RIE (reactive ion etch) module, a bellows may be provided to move the wafer 48 vertically, for example, onto a susceptor after the transfer arm 28 has been withdrawn out of the way of the wafer 48.
Of course, the processing chamber may be an engineering inspection module or deposition module, for example. A vacuum-isolated microscope objective lens will permit inspection of wafers in vacuum and (using an appropriately folded optical path) in a face-down position. This means that heavy use of engineer inspection can be made where appropriate, without the loss of engineer time and clean-room quality which can be caused by heavy traffic through a clean-room. The inspection module could be combined with other modules if desired.
In any case, the transfer arm 28 is withdrawn, and the gate 31 is moved to the closed position to close port 30, if desired. The process of wafer 48 then proceeds. After processing is finished, the isolation gate over the inter-chamber transfer port 30 is opened again, the transfer arm 28 is extended again, the elevator drive motor 32 is operated briefly so that the transfer arm 28 picks up the wafer 48, and the arm drive motor 34 is again operated to bring the transfer arm 28 back into the home position. The elevator drive motor 32 is then operated to bring the transfer arm 28 to the correct height to align the wafer 48 with the desired slot inside the vacuum wafer carrier. The arm drive motor 34 is then operated to extend the transfer arm 28 into the vacuum wafer carrier 10, so that the wafer 48 which has just been processed is sitting above its pair of ledges 60. The elevator drive motor 32 is then briefly operated to lower the transfer arm 28, so that the wafer is resting on its own ledges 60, and the arm drive motor 34 is then operated to retract the transfer arm 28 to home position. The sequence of steps described above is then repeated, and the transfer arm 28 selects another wafer for processing.
Note that, with the mechanical linkage of the transfer arm 28 and rotatable transfer arm support 44 described above, the wafers being transferred will move in exactly a straight line if the center to center lengths of transfer arm 28 and transfer arm support 44 are equal. This is advantageous because it means that the side of the wafer being transferred will not bump or scrape against the sides of the vacuum wafer carrier 10 when the wafer is being pulled out of or pushed into the box. That is, the clearances of the vacuum wafer carrier 10 can be relatively small (which helps to reduce particulate generation by rattling of the wafers during transport in the carrier) without risking particulate generation due to abrasion of the wafers against the metal box sides.
Processing continues in this fashion, wafer by wafer, until all the wafers inside the vacuum wafer carrier 10 (or at least as many of them as desired) have been processed. At that point the transfer arm 28 is returned empty to its home position and lowered below the lower edge of the door 14, and the isolation gate 31 over inter-chamber transfer port 30 is closed. Shaft 24 is rotated to close door 14 and provide initial contact for the vacuum seals between door 14 and the flat front surface of vacuum wafer carrier 10, so that the vacuum wafer carrier 10 is ready to be sealed (by pressure differential) as the pressure inside the load lock is increased. The vacuum load lock chamber 12 can now be pressurized again. When the differential sensor of the vacuum gauges 62 determines that the pressure has come up to atmospheric, the load lock lid 20 can be opened and the vacuum wafer carrier 10 (which is now sealed by differential pressure) can be manually removed. A folding handle 11 is usefully provided on the top side of the carrier, to assist in this manual removal without substantially increasing the volume required for the vacuum wafer carrier 10 inside the load lock.
After the vacuum wafer carrier 10 has been removed, it can be carried around or stored as desired. The vacuum seal 13 will maintain a high vacuum in the vacuum wafer carrier 10 so that particulate transport to the wafer surfaces (and also adsorption of vapor-phase contaminants) is minimized. The surface of wafers within the carrier 10 have the surface which is being processed to construct devices are facing downward to prevent particulates from settling on that surface.
Note that the vacuum wafer carrier 10 also includes elastic elements 27 mounted in its door. These elastic elements 27 exert light pressure against the wafers 48 when the door 14 is closed, and thus restrain them from rattling around and generating particulates. The elastic elements 27 are configured as a set of springs in the embodiment shown, but other mechanical structures (e.g. a protruding bead of an elastic polymer) could alternatively be used to configure this. Where the wafers used have flats, a flat contact surface 29 is provided on the inner back surface of the vacuum wafer carrier 10 for the wafer flats to be pressed against.
Note also that the ledges 60 on the sidewalls of the vacuum wafer carrier 10 are tapered. This helps to assure that contact with the supported surface of the wafer is made over a line only, rather than over any substantial area. This reduces wafer damage and particulate generation during transport. This also assists in damping out the accumulation of positioning errors, as discussed. The load lock lid 20 can have a window (not shown), to permit inspection of any possible mechanical jams.
An advantage of such embodiments is that, in the case of many possible mechanical malfunctions, the door of the vacuum wafer carrier 10 can be closed before attempts are made to correct the problem. For example, if somehow the transfer arm 28 picks up a wafer so that the wafer is not sitting properly on all three of the 3 pins 50, the door drive motor 26 can be operated to close the door 14 before any attempts are made to correct the problem. Similarly, the inter-chamber transfer port 30 can be closed if the transfer arm 28 can be retracted into home position. It may be possible to correct some such mechanical misalignment problems simply by deviating from the normal control sequence. For example, the position of a wafer 48 on the transfer arm 28 may in some cases be adjusted by partially extending the transfer arm 28, so that the edge of the wafer 48 just touches the outside of the door 14, or of the isolation gate over the inter-chamber transfer port 30. If this does not work, the vacuum load lock chamber 12 can be brought back up to atmospheric pressure (with the door 14 of vacuum wafer carrier 10 closed) and the load lock lid 20 opened so that the problem can be manually corrected.
FIGS. 6, 7, and 8 show a single wafer reactor which can be used for reactive ion etching. Many of the process modules described in the present application incorporate at least some of the ideas and advantages of this embodiment, together with additional ideas and additional advantages derived therefrom. (A very similar reactor design can be used for plasma etching, e.g. etching at pressures higher than 100 mTorr. The terms "plasmas etching" and "reactive ion etching" (or "RIE") are sometimes kept distinct in the art, with RIE being used to refer to etching under conditions where plasma bombardment is large, i.e. at lower pressure and with the wafer mounted on the powered electrode. This distinction will not be rigorously observed in the present application. The teachings of the present application are applicable to both plasma and RIE etching as conventionally distinguished, although some of the several features taught by the present application are more advantageous in the context of RIE etching processes.
FIG. 6 shows a process module 104, which can be used in a processing system such as is shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, as discussed below.
FIG. 6 shows a single wafer reactor which can be used for reactive ion etching or for plasma etching. As discussed above, the transfer arm 28 places a wafer onto the wafer support pins 53 (FIG. 4) and then retracts. At this point the whole lower assembly, including the chamber 112, ground electrode 110, process gas distributor 120, base plate 138, and quartz cylinder 114 are moved upward, using, e.g., an air cylinder or a vacuum feed through (not shown). A bellows 124 permits this vertical motion to occur while maintaining a vacuum-tight interface to the interior of the module 104. This vertical motion causes the backside of the wafer resting on the wafer support pins 53 to make contact with the powered electrode 118, and at this point the sliding pin supports 130 which are attached to the underside of the wafer support pins 53 retract slightly against a leaf spring 132. (Other elastic elements could be used in place of leaf spring 132, to assure a small amount of give in the sliding pin supports 130, so that the wafer is not pressed against the powered electrode 118 with too much force.)
The last portion of the upward travel of this assembly causes the seal 135 (FIG. 7) to make closure between the quartz cylinder 114 at the top of the chamber 112 and the quartz piece 116 which surrounds the powered electrode 118. Thus, when the seal is made, the interior of this process chamber is vacuum-sealed from the remainder of the interior of process module 104.
A helium bleed port 134 is provided to connect a helium supply to the back of the wafer. This helium space means that the space between the low points of the powered electrode 118 and the wafer will be filled with helium, rather than vacuum, and this assure a reasonably low-thermal-resistance and highly repeatable thermal contact between the wafer and the powered electrode 118. The powered electrode 118 can include coolant manifold spaces 136, to which coolant can be supplied.
In an alternative embodiment, the pins 53 are not mounted on sliding pin supports 130 supported by leaf spring 132, but are fixed. Since the helium bleed port 134 assures good thermal contact between the back side of the wafer and the surface of the powered electrode 118, a tolerance of several thousandths of an inch will still permit good RF coupling of the powered electrode 118 to the wafer 48, and still permit good thermal contact between the powered electrode 118 and the wafer 48. A tolerance of this magnitude should provide enough allowance for thermal expansions of chamber walls, variation in seal thickness, variation in wafer thickness, etc., to still permit reliable sealing of the lower chamber portion to the upper portion. Note that, in this embodiment, the quartz cylinder 114 and quartz piece 116 would usefully be shaped slightly differently, to minimize the lateral spread of the plasma adjacent to the face of the wafer. However, it has been found that utilizing sliding pin supports 130 permits the quartz cylinder 114 to confine the plasma closely near the wafer face 54 as shown in FIG. 7.
FIG. 7 shows the upper portion of the process module of FIG. 6, in the closed position, with a wafer 48 held therein for processing. After the reactor has been closed, the helium bleed can be started through helium bleed port 134 (FIG. 6). At the same time, desired process gases can be provided through a process gas distributor 120.
The process gas distributor 120 is made of quartz, so that it does not pick up eddy currents from the RF power present. Moreover, since the surface of the quartz is highly insulating, the plasma boundary near the quartz will not have as much voltage nor as much current across it as the plasma boundary near a grounded conductive element would. This means that plasma-assisted reactions near the quartz will not occur at as high a rate as they would near a grounded conductive element, so that deposition is reduced. It should also be noted that quartz is a fairly good thermal insulator, and the temperature of the susceptor may therefore be raised (by radiation from the plasma) to 100 or 200 degrees C. This is advantageous for some processes, since raising the temperature of the distributor will further reduce deposition on it.
Under typical RIE operating conditions (10 to 200 microns of pressure, and 100 to 800 watts of applied power) the generated plasma will fill the chamber between the powered electrode 118 and the ground electrode 110 fairly uniformly. Thus, the process gas distributor 120 protrudes into the densest part of the plasma. The process gas distributor 120 is a ring, of perhaps one-half the diameter of the wafer being processed, with hollow supports which lead down to gas connections 140 (FIG. 6) mounted in the base plate 138. A quick-connect mounting is provided for the quartz process gas distributor 120, so it can rapidly and easily be changed out as desired.
The process gas distributor 120 is usefully spaced away from the surface of the wafer by only four centimeters, for example. This spacing, and the exact shape of the process gas distributor 120, and the spacing of the gas feed ports 122 on the gas distributor, are not critical. These parameters can be changed if desired, but if modified, they should be selected so that diffusion of process gases and process gas products from the gas feed ports 122 in the process gas distributor 120 provides: (1) diffusion-dominated transport of the process gases and process gas products to the plasma boundary at the face of the wafer 48; and (2) a fairly uniform concentration of process gases and process gas products at the plasma boundary next to the face of wafer 48. For example, the spacing of the process gas distributor 120 away from the wafer face could be anywhere in the range from one to fifteen centimeters.
Under these low pressure conditions, and given the high area ratio between the area of the powered electrode 118 in contact with the plasma (which, in this embodiment, is essentially the same as the area of wafer 48), and the grounded electrode area (which in this embodiment is essentially the area of ground electrode 110, plus the interior area of chamber 112 and the exposed upper area of base plate 138), a high density of plasma bombardment will occur at the face wafer face 54. As is well-known to those skilled in the art, this plasma bombardment assists in achieving desirable anisotropy effects during etching.
The ground electrode 110 can be cooled, using coolant lines 150 (FIG. 6) connected to manifold cavities inside the ground electrode 110. If additional cooling is needed, the chamber 112 may also be cooled. Note that coolant lines 150 are flexible hoses, to accommodate the vertical travel of the whole lower etching chamber 138 as described above. The gas suppply tube 152, which supplies process gases through gas connections 140 to the process gas distributor 120, is also flexible for the same reason. If flexure of these hoses is found to generate excess particulates, a gas feed outside the bellows 124, through the side of the base plate 138, could be used instead.
FIG. 8 shows a plan view of the reactor of FIG. 6. The shape of the process gas distributor 120 can be seen more clearly in this plan view. It can also be seen that the base plate 138 includes substantial spaces around the edge of the ground electrode 110, which provide a passage from the gas feed ports 122 (FIG. 6) to a vacuum pump below. The overall gas flow in this reactor is downward, away from the face of the wafer, which assists in reducing particulates. An optional modification is the use of an in situ vacuum particle counter in the chamber 112 so that any increase in particle population in the critical volume can be detected and the opening of chamber 112 delayed until the particle count reaches selected level.
After the desired etching operation is finished, the gas supplied through process gas distributor 120 is cut off, and the process module 104 is pumped down to the same pressure as the rest of the process module (10 to the -3 Torr or less). A holding time may then be interposed, for thermal stabilization of the process module or for release of possible suspended particulates, and then the process module 104 is opened and arm 28 operates as described above to remove the wafer from chamber 12. The position of the arm 28 with the chamber 12 would be the rightmost position of arm 28 shown in FIG. 1.
Note that all of the operations described above can be very easily controlled. No servos or complex negative feedback mechanisms are needed. All the motors described are simple stepper motors, so that multiple modules of this type can be controlled by a single computer control system 206 (FIG. 10). The mechanical stability of the system as a whole--i.e. the inherent correction of minor positioning errors provided by the tapering of the wafer support pins 53, by the slope of the ledges 60 in the wafer carrier, and by the flat contact surface 29 on the backwall of the vacuum wafer carrier 10--helps to prevent accumulation of minor errors, and facilitates easy control.
This advantage of simple control is achieved in part because good control of mechanical registration is achieved. As noted, the docking of the vacuum wafer carrier 10 with position registration platform 18 provides one element of mechanical registration, since the location of the position registration platform 18 with respect to the transfer arm 28 can be accurately and permanently calibrated. Similarly, the vacuum wafer carriers 10 do not need to be controlled on each dimension, but merely need to be controlled so that the location and orientation of the ledges 60 are accurately known with respect to the bottom (or other portion) of the vacuum wafer carrier 10 which mates with position registration platform 18. As described above, this is accomplished by having channels which the vacuum wafer carrier 10 slides into until it rests on the position registration platform 18, but many other mechanical arrangements could be used instead. Various types of electronic and mechanical sensors could provide information about the position and operation of the system for further control and corrective action by the computer control system 206.
Similarly, mechanical registration must be achieved between the home position of the transfer arm 28 and the 3 pins 50 (or other support configuration) which the wafer will be docked to inside the processing chamber. However, this mechanical registration should be a simple one-time setup calibration. Note that angular positioning will be preserved by the vacuum wafer carrier itself, as was noted, whenever the door 14 is closed, spring elements inside it will press each wafer 48 against the flat contact surface 29 of the vacuum wafer carrier 10. Optionally, the vacuum wafer carrier 10 could be provided with a quick-connect vacuum fitting, to permit separate pumpdown on the vacuum wafer carrier 10.
It should be noted that the load lock mechanism described need not be used solely with vacuum wafer carriers 10, although that has been could to be useful. This load lock can also be used with wafer carriers which carry atmospheric pressure inside. Although this is an alternative embodiment, it still carries substantial advantages, as is discussed above, over prior art load lock operations such as that shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,609,103, by Bimer et al. issued on Aug. 27, 1984, which is incorporated by reference hereinto.
It should be noted that a vacuum wafer carrier 10 as described can be made in different sizes, to carry any desired number of wafers. Moreover, a vacuum wafer carrier 10 of this kind can be used to carry or store any desired number of wafers, up to its maximum. This provides additional flexibility in scheduling and process equipment logistics.
FIG. 5A shows a sample further alternative embodiment wherein two load locks, each containing a vacuum wafer carrier 10, are both connected to a process station 102 which contains four process modules one or more of which can be a process module 104 or the other process modules disclosed herein or any other suitable module. Unlike the embodiment described above, when the transfer arm 28 reaches through the inter-chamber transfer port 30 from a vacuum load lock chamber 12 into the process station 102, it places the wafer 48 onto one of two wafer stages 105. These wafer stages 105 can be three pin supports similar to pins 53 or two ledge supports, or may have other mechanical configurations as long as there is space underneath the supported wafer for the transfer arm 28 to lower free of the wafer and retract after it has placed the wafer on the supports. The wafer support used should be such as to make line contact, rather than contact over any substantial area, with the under surface or edge of the wafer.
Another transfer arm assembly 106 is provided inside the process station 102. This transfer arm assembly is generally similar to the transfer arm 28, rotatable transfer arm support 44 and tubular support 46 as used inside the chamber 12, but there are some differences. First, the transfer arm 28 used inside the load lock only needs to move wafers in a straight line. By contrast, the transfer arm assembly 106 must also be able to move radially, to select any one of the process modules 104. Thus, an additional degree of freedom is needed. Second, the reach of the transfer arm assembly 106 need not be the same as the transfer arm 28, the rotatable transfer arm support 44, and tubular support 46 used inside the load lock, and in fact the reach of transfer arm assembly 106 can be larger, to permit adequate spacing of the process modules 104. Third, the transfer arm assembly 106 does not need as much travel in elevation as the transfer arm 28 used in the load locks. Fourth, in the configuration shown, the transfer arm assembly 106 will not have one of its 3 pins 50 resting on a wafer flat, so that the diameter of the circle defined by 3 pins 50 is not the same for transfer arms 28 and 128, even though they are handling wafers of the same diameter.
The tubular support of assembly 106 can be made rotatable and providing a third motor to drive this rotation. Thus, a third degree of freedom for the transfer arm is provided. Similarly, the dimensions of the transfer arm 128 of assembly 106 can simply be scaled as desired. Thus, transfer arm assembly 106 usefully includes a transfer arm rotatably mounted on a transfer arm support 144. The transfer arm support 144 is pivotably mounted to a tubular support (not shown) and an internal shaft, fixed to the transfer arm support 144, extends down through the tubular support. An internal chain drive with two to one gearing translates any differential rotation between tubular support 146 and transfer arm support 144 into a further differential rotation, i.e., over twice as many degrees between transfer arm support 144 and transfer arm 128. An arm drive motor, mounted below the transfer arm assembly 106, is connected to rotate the shaft which is fixed to transfer arm support 144. An arm rotation motor is connected to rotate the tubular support 146. Finally, an elevator mechanism provides vertical motion of the transfer arm assembly 106.
Note that the vertical motion required of transfer arm assembly 106 is not typically as much as that required of the transfer arm 28 in the vacuum load lock chamber 12, since the transfer arm 128 will typically not need to select one of several vertically separated wafer positions like those in the vacuum wafer carrier 10, but will typically merely be used to pick and place wafers from a number of possible wafer modules which are all in approximately the same plane. Thus, optionally the vertical elevation of the transfer 128 could be controlled by an air cylinder rather than by an elevator motor assembly as discussed above.
Thus, by rotating the tubular support of assembly 106 simultaneously with the transfer arm support 144, the transfer arm assembly 106 can be rotated without being extended. After the transfer arm assembly 106 has been rotated to the desired position, the tubular support 146 can be held fixed while the transfer arm support 144 is rotated, and this will cause the transfer arm 128 to extend as described above in connection with arm 28.
Thus, after transfer arm 28 from one of the vacuum load lock chambers 12 has placed a wafer 48 to be processed on one of the wafer stages 105. The transfer arm assembly 106 is rotated, if necessary, extended at a low position so that transfer arm 128 comes underneath the wafer, elevated so that transfer arm 128 picks up the wafer 48, and retracted to its home position. The transfer arm assembly 106 is then rotated again, and the transfer arm 128 is extended, so that the wafer is now located above a wafer support in one of the process modules 104, or above the other wafer stage 105. By lowering the transfer arm assembly 106, the wafer 48 can now be placed on a wafer support within process modules 104 or the wafer stage 105, and the transfer arm 128 can now be retracted.
The process module 104 can now be sealed off from the main process station 102, and separate single-wafer processing of the wafer can begin. Meanwhile, the transfer arms 128 and 28 can perform other operations. When a wafer in the process module 104 has completed processing, that process module 104 can then be pumped down to the same low pressure as the interior of process station 102, and process module 104 can be opened. The transfer arm assembly 106 can now be operated to remove this wafer, and transfer it either to one of the wafer stages 105 or to another one of the process modules 104.
One advantage of such embodiments is that the process modules 104 can all be configured to do the same operation, which will permit wafer transport-limited throughput, even for fairly slow processing operations, if there is a sufficient number of process modules 104 in the process station 102; or, alternatively, different operations can be used in different ones of the process modules 104.
That is, such embodiments facilitate the use of sequential processing, which is increasingly recognized as desirable, since processing variations caused by adsorbed contaminants or by native oxide are eliminated. For example, two of the process modules 104 can be configured for oxide growth, one for nitride deposition, and one for polysilicon deposition, to permit complete in situ fabrication of oxynitride poly-to-poly capacitors. Moreover, the provision of different process steps in the different process modules 104 means that many lot splits and process variations can be performed simply by programming the appropriate operations, without relying on manual identification of which wafers should go to which machines. Thus, the capability to have different operations proceed in different ones of the sample process modules 104 provides additional processing flexibility.
Note also that the overall wafer transfer sequence is completely arbitrary, and may be selected as desired. For example, the wafers from one vacuum wafer carrier 10 could be completely processed and returned to that vacuum wafer carrier 10, and the vacuum load lock chamber 12 containing the just-processed wafers could be sealed off from process station 102, so that the wafers in the other vacuum wafer carrier 10 in the other vacuum load lock chamber 12 could be processed while the vacuum wafer carrier 10 full of processed wafers is removed from the other vacuum load lock chamber 12. Alternatively, the programmability and random access of this arrangement could be used to shuffle and interchange wafers between the two vacuum wafer carriers 10 in whatever fashion desired.
It should also be noted that this arrangement is not at all limited to two vacuum load lock chambers 12 nor to four process modules 104, but the arrangement described can be scaled to other numbers of process modules 104 in a station 102, or other numbers of vacuum load lock chambers 12 attached to a station 102, or to use of more than one transfer arm assembly 106 inside a station, if desired.
Note that this arrangement still preserves wafer orientation. Assuming that wafers are carried in vacuum wafer carrier 10 with their flat portion 56 toward flat contact on the back of carrier vacuum wafer carrier 10, they will be placed on wafer stage 105 with their flat portion 56 toward the center of station 102. Transfer arm assembly 106 will preserve this orientation, so that, when the wafer 48 is replaced in either vacuum wafer carrier 10, it will have its flat portion 56 toward the flat contact surface 29 on the back of the vacuum wafer carrier 10.
FIG. 5B shows a process station 550 which has three process modules 554 which can be any of the process modules shown herein such as process module 104 or another appropriate process module. The process modules 554 can be the same type of process module, each can be different, or two can be same and the other different. The transfer arm assembly 558, which is similar to transfer arm assembly 106 in FIG. 6, is adapted to transfer the wafer between any of the process modules 554 in any order under the control of the computer control system 562. The vacuum load lock chambers 565 and 566 are similar to chamber 12 in FIG. 1. The arm 558 can reach into modules 554 and chambers 565 and 566 to remove or deliver wafers (only wafer 48 is shown in FIG. 5B. The computer control system 562 supplies the necessary control for modules 554, assembly 558, and chambers 565 and 566. The routing of the wafers can be from any chamber 565 and 566 to any process module 554, between any desired process modules 554, and from any process module 554 to any chamber 565 and 566.
A closed loop particle control system is usefully provided to control the operation of the load lock and the process chamber before and after processing operations in any of the chambers 565 and 566, as discussed above in connection with chamber 12 (FIG. 1).
FIG. 9 shows an improved version of the process module of FIG. 6, in an embodiment which includes the capability for process enhancement by ultraviolet light generated in situ and the capability is also provided for providing activated species, generated by gas flows through an additional plasma discharge which is remote from the wafer face to the wafer face. The module is shown in a process station 570 which includes only one module and one vacuum load lock, but can also be used in embodiments like that of FIGS. 5A and 5B, where a central handling chamber is combined with plural process modules 104 and one or more vacuum load lock chambers 12.
Note that a particulate sensor 202 (FIG. 9) is explicitly shown connected to the interior of the vacuum load lock chamber 12. This particulate sensor 202 need not be physically located very close to the docking position of vacuum wafer carrier 10, as long as the signal from particulate sensor 202 does provide an indication of the level of particulates present in the interior of the vacuum load lock chamber 12. The particulate sensor 202 is usefully located downstream from the vacuum load lock 12, in the pump out path (not shown). The particle sensor is a commercially available laser particle counter (which detects individual particles) combined with a counter which provides an output signal showing the number of particles counted over a certain time duration. The ultraviolet plasma space 220 is supplied with a gas useful for the production of ultraviolet light, for example, H2, Ar, or He through ring 576. The frequency of the power utilized to generate the ultraviolet light can be, for example, 100 KHz or 13.56 MHz. The module 570 has a process chamber 218 which can have gas introduced through either a distributor 212 or feed 250. Ozone, for example, could be feed through distributor 212. A transparent vacuum wall 238 allow the radiant heat from a heating module 572 to pass through to wafer 48 below.
The following process can also be used with FIG. 9 and the other process modules which have ultraviolet light and remote plasma capability.
One process which can be used with module 570 is for the deposition of polysilicon utilizing either or both an additional ultraviolet generated in side module 570 (which is directly optically coupled into the process chamber 218) and a remotely generated plasma from remote plasma chamber 254. A silane gas is introduced into the process chamber. If the remote plasma is not used then the silane gas can also be introduced into chamber 218 through distributor 212. The chamber should be maintained at deposition temperature. After the wafer is disposed with chamber 218, a purge can be performed if desired by utilizing an appropriate gas which is non-reactive with the wafer and the exposed layers thereon, for example, N2. An example of this process follows: The wafer is placed in the chamber. The chamber is evacuated and purged with N2 (in general the pressures usable within the chamber are between 0.1 to 750 Torr). A remote plasma is generated within chamber 254 from silane gas. The remote plasma is introduced into the chamber 218 and to the downward facing face 54 of wafer 48. The chamber is heated to the deposition temperature of, for example, 550 to 700 degrees C. Additional ultraviolet energy is coupled into chamber 218 from space 220 by exciting the gas therein, for example, H2, Ar, or He introduced through ring 576 using a power of 300 watts at a frequency of 100 KHz. The reaction is as follows:
SiH.sub.4 >SiH.sub.2 +Si.sub.2 H.sub.6 >Polysilicon+H.sub.2
where the light enhances deposition by increasing the molecular excitation level. The gases and heat is turned off and the chamber is again purged, with an appropriate gas, if desired. The wafer is then removed. A cleaning step can then be performed as desired utilizing a remote plasma formed from a mixture of HCl and HBr.
Another useful process is the deposition of silicon nitride. A source of nitrogen is used to generate a remote plasma. Locally generated ultraviolet energy is coupled into the process chamber, as discussed above. A gas mixture of a source of silicon, for example, dichlorosilane (DCS) is introduced into the process chamber and to the face 54 of the wafer. The remote plasma and the ultraviolet energy in combination allow the deposition rate to be raised to an acceptable level. A sample process follows:
1. Disposing the wafer into the process chamber face down and the chamber closed.
2. Evacuating the process chamber and then purging with an appropriate gas, for example, N2, if desired.
3. Generating a remote plasma from a gas mixture of DCS and a source of nitrogen, for example, N2 or NH3, is introduced into the process chamber.
4. Heating the process chamber to the deposition temperature, for example, between 550 and 800 degrees C.
5. Generating ultraviolet energy coupled into the process chamber which is absorbed by the process gases to increase the molecular excitation level of the DCS.
6. Halting gas flows and heating and purging the chamber with an appropriate gas, for example, N2.
7 Opening the process chamber and removing the wafer from the process chamber.
8. Cleaning the process chamber using a gas mixture of, for example, CF4 and O2.
During the cleaning operations discussed herein the process chamber can be closed.
The process module 570 is capable of sequentially removing organics, removing metallic contaminates, removing native oxides, oxidizing, then depositing a shield over the oxide film formed. An example of such a process follows:
1. Disposing the wafer into the process chamber at low pressure.
2. Removing organic compounds from the wafer utilizing additional ultraviolet light and introducing ozone into the chamber.
3. Removing metallic contaminates using halides and oxygen:
4. Removing the native oxides caused by the prior steps utilizing Fluorine chemistry, for example, anhydrous HF technique.
5. Evacuating and then purging the chamber to a higher pressure, for example, 700 Torr, using an appropriate gas which is non-reactive with the wafer and the exposed layers thereon, for example, N2 or Ar.
6. Forming an oxide film on said wafer, or at least a part thereof, by introducing an oxidizing source, for example, O2 and heating the wafer, for example, by actuating lamps 574 of heating module 572 to provide radiant heat through wall 238.
7. Performing an anneal operation, for example, by turning off the oxidizing source and purging with N2 or Ar, after the anneal operation turning off the heat and allowing the wafer to cool, if desired.
8. Remove the moisture, if desired, by utilizinga purge operation.
9. Evacuating the chamber and purging the chamber with an appropriate gas, for example, N2 or Ar to a lower pressure, for example 750 to 0.1 Torr.
10. Introducing a gas for deposition into the chamber, for example, silane to deposit polysilicon or Silicon Nitride could be utilized.
11. Heating the wafer to a deposition temperature, for example, 550 to 700 degrees.
12. Generating additional ultraviolet light to increase the excitation level.
13. Removing the heat and deposition gas and purging the chamber with an appropriate gas, for example, N2 or Ar and another deposition could be such as Silicon Nitride.
14. After removing the wafer from the process chamber, utilizing remote plasma to clean the chamber prior to the next wafer.
Various of the above steps and/or portions can be omitted if required by the particular process.
Another process, which can be useful for the process module 570 of FIG. 9, is the deposition of silicon dioxide. The wafer is placed into the process chamber. The chamber is evacuated and then purged, if desired, with an appropriate gas, for example, N2. The pressure can vary between 0.1 to 750 Torr. An oxygen source, for example, N2 O or O2, is excited within the chamber 254 to produce a remote plasma. A silicon source, for example, silane or disilane, is introduced into the chamber 218 either from chamber 254 or distributor 212. Ozone is introduced into chamber 218 through distributor 212. The wafer is heated to, for example, between 200 to 500 degrees C. Ultraviolet light is generated with space 220 as discussed above to provide the excitation discussed above. After the deposition is performed, the gas and the heat is turned off and the chamber 218 can be again purged, if desired. After the wafer is removed, the chamber can be cleaned utilizing a remote plasma formed from, for example, CF4 and O2. The pressure can be, for example, 0.1 to 750 Torr and the ratio of SiH4 to O2 can be, for example, 1 to 5.
One class of embodiments disclosed herein provides a deglaze process wherein the activated products of a source gas flow which includes both a fluorine source gas species or, alternatively, anhydrous HF and also a large percentage of oxygen are flowed across a wafer surface downstream from a plasma discharge which is remote from the wafer surface. This embodiment has the advantages that a dry deglaze process which does not selectively erode silicon is provided. This embodiment has the further advantage that a deglaze process is readily combined sequentially with a following process step. For example, an in situ deglaze can be used to remove native oxides, and assure a clean interface for succeeding deposition steps. The process module 570 shown in FIG. 9 can be used without actuating the ultraviolet light or in the alternative another process module could be constructed without the space 220, ring 576, and the other components associated with the production of ultraviolet light in space 220.
A deglaze process has been successfully demonstrated as follows: Process gas flows of 3000 sccm of He plus 2000 sccm of O2 plus 250 sccm of CF4 were passed through a 400 W discharge, and were found to give a selectivity of 3:1 oxide to polysilicon measured using a thermal oxide as compared with polysilicon on oxide (on silicon). The oxide etch rate was only 7 Å/min at room temperature, but this rate can readily be increased by using higher temperatures.
Thus, the teaching of the present application in this respect is that a very high oxygen fraction can advantageously be used to perform deglaze, using a gas flow which has passed through a remote discharge. The introduction of this high fraction of oxygen serves to enhance selectivity by lowering the etch rate of polysilicon. These gas flows would not work as well without the remote plasma, since the additional plasma bombardment would not permit as high a selectivity.
The sample recipes given can be modified in various ways in accordance with the teachings of the present application. For example, to obtain higher (oxide:silicon) selectivity, a higher fraction of O2 can be used. Somewhat higher rates can be obtained by using higher flows of CF4. Higher temperatures will also increase the rates. The 2.5 Torr total pressure can be widely varied.
An attractive alternative embodiment is to use a reactor like that shown in FIG. 23 with process gas flows of (e.g.) 3000 sccm of He plus 3000 sccm of O2 plus 150 sccm of CF4 at a total pressure of (e.g.) 2.5 Torr with (e.g.) 400 Watts of RF power applied to the gas flows to generate activated species at a substrate temperature of (e.g.) 250 C.
FIG. 10 shows an overview of the physical configuration of a sample system using a single process module 204 like that of FIG. 9. The operation of the load lock lid 20 and the process module 204 including the wafer transport mechanisms and the isolation gate 31 (FIG. 4) which separates the vacuum load lock chamber 12 from the process module are all controlled by a computer control system 206 which can be, for example, an 8088-based PC (e.g., a Texas Instruments Professional Computer). The computer control system 206 provides control logic for all of the processes performed at the process station. Process menus can be developed at the keyboard, stored in memory, and carried out automatically by this computer control system 206. For example, therefore, the the number of particles, if any, below which the computer control system allows opening of the vacuum wafer carrier 10 can be programmed.
FIG. 11 shows a flow chart for the operation of such a computer control system. The logic starts in step 800 and proceeds to enter steps 802 and 804. After the vacuum wafer carrier 10 has been loaded and the load lock lid 20 is detected to be closed in step 800, the roughing pump isolation valve 702 is opened in step 804. The nitrogen isolation Valve 703 is opened in step 802 to supply nitrogen into chamber 12 (FIG. 1) to provide a gas purge of the chamber 12 through manifold 22 (FIG. 1) as discussed above.
The logic then proceeds from steps 802 and 804, which do not need to be performed simultaneously, to state 806 and step 808. In step 808 the computer control system 206 will monitor the pressure and throttle the gate or isolation valve 39 to provide the appropriate control. The load lock is pumped down to a moderate vacuum. This is still a higher pressure than the pressure inside the wafer carrier, so that the vaccum wafer carrier door 14 will not open yet. In state 806, the pressure is held at a moderate level until the load lock particle counter 850 which incudes the particulate sensor 202 indicates that the level of particulates is acceptably low. If the count detected by counter is not the appropriate count then the logic loops back to state 806. When the appropriate count is detected, for example, zero, then the logic exits the loop and enter state 810. In state 810, if no particulate is detected for a predetermined period of time, for example 60 seconds, opening (or closing of the vaccum wafer carrier 10 can safely be permitted). Thus, if for some reason an unusually high concentration of particulates is introduced when a vacuum wafer carrier 10 is loaded into the load lock, the system will not expose the wafers 48 to contamination until the danger of particulate contamination has passed under the close loop control system described above.
After the particulate sensors 202 and 208 (FIG. 9) have detected no particulates for the predetermined period of time, the logic exits state 810 and proceeds to steps 812 and 814. The isolation of valve 702 is fully opened in step 812. In step 814, the isolation valve 703 from the nitrogen supply is closed. The logic then proceeds to step 816. While the logic is in step 816 the isolation valve 707 is opened and the pressure within chamber 12 is further reduced. The logic exits step 816 and enters into state 818. The pressure within the chamber 12 is monitored in state 818 and if the pressure has not reached the desired level the logic enters step 820. In step 820, the throttle of isolation valve 707 is adjusted and the logic re-enters state 818. When the pressure, has reached the desired level, the logic exits state 818 and enters step 822. In step 822, door 14 is opened.
Another branch in the control logic may be added to go through another purge cycle if the particulate level has stayed at an unusually high level after a given period of time. Thus, without degrading throughput, this closed loop particle control system advantageously ensures that the risk of particulate introduction during periods of high ambient particulate levels is minimized. This closed loop particle control system also advantageously protects against accidental contamination which could be caused by error in the sequencing of operations in a manually controlled system.
Further, the computer control system 206 allows the pumping system to pump down to working pressure and control the level of particles present when the door 14 (FIG. 1) is opened. The door 14 of the vacuum wafer carrier 10 is opened by rotating shaft 24 as discussed above. Such in situ particle counters, for example, counter 850 in FIG. 31, can be built using a resonant circuit to measure charge transfer in a high-voltage vacuum-gap capacitor, or (for particles sufficiently large) by using a laser-driven optical cavity with a multiply-folded optical path, or by other means.
The isolation gate 31 (FIG. 3) can now be opened to permit passage of arm 28 with the wafer 48 into the process module. This double inhibition logic is useful because neither the vacuum wafer carrier door 14 nor the isolation gate 31 into the process module can be opened until the particulate level in the vacuum load lock chamber 12 has been measured at an acceptably low level. These are separate techniques, and either can be used independently, although synergistic advantages can result if both are used together. The wafer 48 can then be removed from the vacuum wafer carrier 10 by the wafer transfer arm 28. The computer control system 206 (FIG. 10) controls the transfer arm 28 to remove or replace each wafer 48 in any random order which may be programmed. The wafer 48 is transferred with the side which will eventually contain active circuit components facing down.
Optionally, other particle counters (or particulate sensors which better adapted to sensing particulates at higher pressures) can be used to control the nitrogen shower prior to initial pumpdown. That is, instead of doing the nitrogen shower simply for a fixed duration, it may be protracted if the particulate monitor shows that the box was in an unusually dirty environment. It may even be desirable to pump the load lock down to a soft vacuum (using the roughing pump) and then bleed gas through the nitrogen shower ports, to create a downward flow. It may also be desirable to cycle the load lock from a soft vacuum (e.g. 100 milliTorr or so) up to atmospheric again, by initiating another nitrogen shower cycle, if the particulate monitor indicates that that particulate level is still excessive at the time the load lock has reached a given soft vacuum pressure.
The particulate sensor 208 as shown in FIG. 9 is connected to the interior of the process module, and this is used to control another inhibit logic. A large fraction of the particulates which occurs in a vacuum processing system is generated by the actual processes being performed. As an modification, to reduce particulate contamination from these sources, the isolation gate 31 (FIG. 3) to the process module, for example process module 570 (FIG. 9) is not opened after a wafer 48 has been processed until the particulate sensor 208 indicates an acceptably low level of particulates inside the module. Again, this is another feature which can be applied separately from the others just discussed, although synergistic advantages do result if the two are used together.
FIG. 12 shows a detailed view of one modification to a process module, such as the process module 570 shown in FIG. 9, which provides a capability for ultraviolet enhancement of process chemistries. The capabilities of this embodiment can be embodied in more conventional reactor configurations as well, but they will be described in connection with a process module of this type because the features described provide particular advantages in this context.
FIG. 12 shows one embodiment for an ultraviolet enhanced vacuum process module 590. A process gas distributor 212 is supplied by the process piping 216 and generates a downward flow of process gases through openings in the bottom of its ring in the top chamber 218. The distributor 212 provides a downward flow of process gases to the top chamber 218 near the wafer face 54 of wafer 48 which is facing downward above distributor 212 and supported by three support fingers 214 (only one of which is shown). The support fingers 214 are similar to pins 53 in FIG. 3. These three support fingers 214 are usefully made of quartz or other high-purity dielectric material.
The process gas distributor 212 is a ring, of perhaps one half the diameter of the wafer 48 being processed, with hollow supports which lead to the process piping 216. It is situated several, e.g. four, centimeters from the wafer 48. The exact dimensions of the process gas distributor 212 are not critical. These parameters may be changed if desired, but if modified, they should be selected so that a fairly uniform concentration of process gases and process gas products occurs over the entire wafer face 54. For example, the spacing of the process gas distributor 212 away from the wafer 48 could be anywhere in the range from 1 to 15 centimeters. The process gases provided through the process gas distributor 212 may be of several different types, including mixtures which include active species generated by a remote plasma.
The reaction of these process gases with the thin film materials on the wafer face 54 is enhanced by the ultraviolet light emitted by the in ultra-violet plasma space 220 located below top chamber 218. A second flow of process gases is provided from orifices 222 supplied by the piping 230 into the ultraviolet plasma space or lower chamber 220, wherein a plasma is generated by RF power applied to front electrode 224. The gas suppled can be, for exaple, H2, Ar, or He. The front electrode 224 is perforated to permit passage of ultraviolet light, but alternatively it may be made with a composition and thickness to be transparent to ultraviolet. Ground electrodes for this plasma are provided by structural metal elements and by the metal walls 228 of the process module. The frequency of the power applied to the electrodes to produce the ultraviolet light can be, for example, 100 KHz or 13.56 MHz. Quartz baffle 232 which in this embodiment is approximately H-shaped in cross section, and has an approximately cylindrical outer surface, separates the gas flows in the ultraviolet plasma space 220 from those in the top chamber 218. Thus, the two chambers 218 and 220 not only have separate gas flows, with top chamber 218 being exhausted through openings 234 between the top of baffle 232 and wafer 48, and the ultraviolet plasma space 220 being exhausted through openings 236 between the bottom of baffle 232 and quartz plate 592. Chamber 218 and space 220 may optionally even be operated at different pressures as long as the pressure differential does not lead to back-flow in the exhaust space.
After the wafer has been positioned on the three support fingers 214 and the module has been closed, power can be applied to the front electrode 224 to generate a plasma, and a gas appropriate for the generation of a ultraviolet plasma is admitted to the ultraviolet plasma space 220 through piping 230. Appropriate gases include N2, H2, O2, and many other species. The particular gas can be chosen to match the ultraviolet spectrum desired in a particular application. The ultraviolet-source plasma can be generated by using an appropriate gas or mixtures of appropriate gases and appropriate pressures with greater than a minimum power for the particular chamber configuration and structure, for example, 50 watts.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 12, the back side of the wafer 48 is in proximity to a transparent vacuum wall 238, and is supported with a slight spacing away from the vacuum wall. These features relate particularly to embodiments with Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP) capability, which will be discussed in greater detail below.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 12, the quartz baffle 232 includes a member 239, which is shown horizontal and substantially transparent to ultraviolet. Member 239 forms the crossbar in the H shaped cross-section of baffle 232. This ultraviolet transparent window can be fabricated from quartz or sapphire or other similar material.
Optionally, if complete separation of the gas flows is not necessary, and especially if very short wavelength operation is desired, the member 239 can be made perforated rather than solid, or can be omitted entirely. This is shown in FIG. 13. The process module 600 is similar to process module 590 of FIG. 12. The gas distributor 602 is similar to distributor 212 of FIG. 12. The quartz baffle 604 is a cylindrical shape (shown as two rectangles in FIG. 13). The process gas to the top chamber 605 is through gas distributor 602 and the ultraviolet plasma space 607 is through piping 609. The front electrode 612 is similar to front electrode 224 in FIG. 12. However, now the process gas in the space 605 can mingle with the process gas in the chamber 605 because the crossbar in the quartz baffle 232 (FIG. 12) is not present in quartz baffle 604.
FIG. 14 shows a process module 620 somewhat similar to process modules 590 (FIG. 12) and 600 (FIG. 13). In FIG. 14, the plasma in the ultraviolet plasma space 220 is driven by two electrodes 244 and 246 which are shaped approximately as concentric cylinders. In addtion, gas distributor 248 in the ultraviolet plasma space 220 is different form the piping 230 in FIG. 12. The quartz baffle 232 in FIG. 14 is H-spaced. Also process module 620 includes a third gas feed 250, which can be used to provide species generated by a remote plasma, as will be discussed below. The gas feed 250 is in addition to gas distributor 212 which is a ring in the top chamber 212 and feed 256 which provides gas into ultraviolet plasma space 220. Further, a susceptor 252, which is RF powered in place of the transparent vacuum wall 238, so that a plasma can be generated in proximity to the wafer face 54. The electrode 244 forms a slip-fit with the feed 250. This slip-fit is not sealed but merely vented downward.
In this application, when a plasma is referred to as being "in proximity" to a wafer, it is meant that the plasma is sufficiently close to the wafer that the DC bias across the dark space at the edge of the plasma induces significant plasma bombardment of the wafer face. The degree of bombardment will be more or less in accordance with the amount of DC bias, which is controlled by pressure, power levels, and, to some extent gas flow composition.
Thus, FIG. 14 shows a separate feed path being provided for activated species generated by a plasma which is remote from the wafer face 54. in this class of embodiments, a process module is configured so that an integrated circuit wafer 48 can be exposed to activated species generated by a first plasma which is separate from the wafer but is in the process gas flow stream upstream of the wafer 48, and also exposed to plasma bombardment generated by a second plasma which has a dark space which substantially adjoins the surface of the wafer. The in situ plasma is relatively low-power, so that the remote plasma can generate activated species, and therefore the in situ plasma power level and frequency can be adjusted to optimize the plasma bombardment energy.
In particular, the embodiments described derive special advantages from the combination of a remote plasma in the gas feed with a low-power plasma in situ. The use of a remote plasma means that a high density of activated species can be provided at the wafer surface, and the use of the low-power plasma in situ means that sufficient plasma bombardment can be provided to cause anisotropic etching, while limiting the plasma bombardment energy and flux to only that necessary to induce the desired degree of anisotropy. This advantageously permits the damage which can be caused by excessive plasma bombardment energy can be readily avoided. This also advantageously permits the chemistry of the reaction to be fine-tuned. It is desirable to have the plasma bombardment shift the surface chemistry enough to provide anisotropy, but two other primary constraints on any plasma etching process are selectivity and control of extraneous deposition, and the choice of a chemistry to optimize all of these conditions may be very constrained. The ability to independently optimize bombardment conditions provides advantages in developing optimized chemistries, as some of the specific examples discussed below demonstrate. Moreover, the ability to provide a high density of activated species under low-bombardment conditions means that processes can be performed at high throughput under low-bombardment conditions, which was not readily achievable prior to the process modules disclosed herein. Another advantage of using a low-power plasma for the in situ plasma is that wafer heating (which degrades the selectivity to resist) can be minimized.
In a typical usage, the remote plasma will be operated at 300 W or more, and the in situ plasma will be operated at 100 W or less; however, it may be advantages to operate at higher powers, for example, with Aluminum doped with Copper films. Thus, it should be understood that the remote plasma can be operated at four times or more the total power level applied to the in situ plasma. In other alternative versions, the in situ plasma may operated at power levels as low as 25 W. The advantage of reduced plasma bombardment energy is partially independent of the attainment of low power. Thus, the in situ plasma can be operated at a DC bias of 250 V or less, for example, a typical level can be within the 25 to 1000 Volts range.
FIGS. 9 and 32 show an overview of a process module with this capability. In FIG. 9, the remote plasma chamber 254 is connected to the process module by a quartz outlet tube 256.
FIG. 15 shows a remote plasma chamber. A magnetron 264 which, e.g., operates at 2.45 GHz, is directly coupled to a resonant cavity 260 which, e.g., is made of anodized aluminum, and has dimensions of about 1.5 by 3 by 9 inches. A gas input tube 266 is connected to one or more mass flow controllers, to provide a desired flow of process gases, and leads into a gas passage 270 which runs through the resonant cavity 260 and leads into the quartz outlet tube 256. It then passes through a shielded volume which protects against RF leakage out of the cavity. Since the quartz used has an outer diameter of less than a quarter-wavelength, e.g., about 1 inch in this example, which is a shield 268 of the order of one wavelength (or more) long will provide reasonable isolation. The shield 268 extends around the quartz outlet tube 256 and usefully around the whole length of the outlet tube 256, up to the point where it enters the reactor module. A tuning stub 272 permits tuning the cavity to resonance. A nitrogen purge is preferably supplied to the interior of the resonant cavity 260, to prevent ozone generation. Cooling lines (not shown) can also be useful. The outlet tube would be connected to, for example, the gas feed 250 (FIG. 9).
In this embodiment, the gas flow through the gas passage 270 provides a significant fraction of the total loading of the resonant microwave system cavity plus magnetron. Thus, it is useful not to turn on the power until gas flows and presures have been established. In a process where, for example, 400 W of power will be applied, the pressure should be at least 500 mTorr, and the flow rates at least 500 sccm, before the magnetron 264 is powered. These are conservative numbers, but they do serve to prevent arcing in the cavity or magnetron. At higher powers, of course, higher minima would be used. For example, in sample processes where 5000 sccm of total gas flow is used, powers of as much as 1000 W can optionally be used.
Note that the power efficiency of the remote plasma will be affected by the volumetric ratio of the gas passage 270 to the interior of the resonant cavity 260. Thus, the gas flow passage 270 could be made, instead of the roughly cylindrical shape shown, be modified to have a shape which filled up more of the volume of the cavity.
Instead of the magnetron 264 directly abutting the resonant cavity 260, of course, a waveguide or other RF transmission structure could be used to connect them according to the normal principles of microwave engineering. Thus, it may alternatively be advantageous to locate the resonant cavity 260 physically inside the process module to minimize the transit time during which the activated species can relax, recombine, or decay before they reach the wafer face.
In an alternative embodiment, a conventional microwave component known as a three-port circulator can be used to couple both a transmitter and a receiver to the same antenna without coupling the transmitter to the receiver. It could be used to partially de-couple the magnetron 264 from the resonant cavity 260, so that, under conditions where a large reflected power was returned from the cavity, a separate resistive load would assume some of the loading function.
This has the advantage that the sensitivity of the RF system to loading variations caused by changing process conditions is greatly reduced. This has the further advantage that one RF power source can be coupled to more than one remote plasma generation cavity, if desired.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the quartz outlet tube 256 is connected to the third gas feed 250, like that shown in FIG. 14 by a non-contact slip fit joint 258. This loose slip fit will permit some of the gas feed to leak out directly into the exhaust space during processing, but this is only a minor problem. The advantage of using a slip fit here is that it accommodates the vertical motion of the process chamber while still permitting essentially the whole path of the gas flow from the remote plasma chamber 254 to be conducted through quartz tubing. As discussed above, the vertical motion serves to open and close the process chamber for wafer insertion and removal. This has been found to be a useful feature in practice since many of the activated species generated by the remote plasma will be very active. These active species include radicals such as Oxygen, quasi-stable molecular species such as oxy-halogen compounds, molecules in quasi-stable states with high electron energies, and especially close to the plasma, a significant fraction of ionized species. The tube used to carry this flow should be both as inert as possible in order to resist attack and be s pure as possible to minimize contamination of the wafer by species which may be removed from the tube walls by the flow of the activated species. Quartz meets both of these criteria for most sources. If the gas flows to be used include fluorine sources the tubing can be made of sapphire, or sintered alumina or copper. Additionally, depending on the process chemistries used, it may be simpler to use quartz if the erosion of the quartz outlet tube 256 and the modification of the chemistry in the gas flow can be tolerated in the particular process being run.
FIG. 16 shows details of another process module 630 which in many respects is similar to that shown in FIG. 14. A wafer 48 is held against a conductive susceptor 300 which may be of aluminum or optionally of silicon if it is useful to modify the process chemistry (e.g. to create a fluorine-deficient plasma near the wafer face 54. The susceptor 300 is located above the wafer 48 with the top chamber 218 located between the wafer 48. The susceptor 300 is cooled by passages 302. If desired susceptor 300 can be heated through passages 302 or by utilizing heater rods (not shown) passing through susceptor 300. The wafer 48 is held against susceptor 300 by the three support fingers 214 in FIG. 16 with its face 54 facing downward away from susceptor 300.
A process which can be performed in the process modules with ultraviolet light generation and remote plasma capability as disclosed herein, for example, 630 is the deposition of conductive films. Conductive films can be produced by reducing or decomposing metal organic compounds with remote microwave activated species. For example, Zn, Al, In or Pb films can be produced by reacting metal organic compounds such as dimethylzinc, trimethylaluminum, trimethylindium or tetramethyllead, respectively, with radicals such as hydrogen or argon. In a sample embodiment, a silicon or HgCdTe substrate (wafer) is transferred into the process chamber. The chamber is evacuated to a pressure of less than 10-6 Torr. The chamber is then purged with an appropriate gas, for example, hydrogen, which passes into the process chamber through the microwave cavity at, for example, 100 sccm, if desired. The chamber is then brought to a pressure of 0.3 Torr. The substrate is heated to 50 degrees C. Dimethylzinc is introduced into the chamber through distributor 212 at, for example, 6.6 sccm. Active hydrogen radicals are then generated in the remote microwave cavity at, for example, 6 watts, and are introduced into the chamber through feed 250 to mix the dimethylzinc to produce metallic zinc which deposits onto the substrate and methane, which is pumped from the process chamber. Zn films are produced at 60 Angstroms/minute with 25×10-6 Ohm-cm electrical resistivity.
A process which can be used with the process module 630 as well as the other process modules with in situ ultraviolet energy generation capability is to grow native oxides on HgCdTe. After the wafer is disposed in process chamber 218 and the chamber is closed, the chamber is evacuated to a desired low pressure, for example, 0.05 Torr. A purge of the chamber can be performed if desired using an appropriate gas, for example, O2 or an inert gas. A remote plasma generated from a source of oxygen, for example, O2 or N2 O, is introduced into chamber 218 to perform a cleanup if desired. The remote plasma is shut off. The chamber is evacuated and purged with O2 or an inert gas, if desired. Ultraviolet light is generated within space 220 and coupled into chamber 218. The ultraviolet light provides the required excitation of the gases within chamber 2l8. The ultraviolet light is maintained for an appropriate period of time, for example, 1 hour. The chamber is then evacuated and purged with an appropriate gas, for example, N2. The chamber is then opened and the wafer 48 removed.
Another process which can be utilized with the process modules disclosed herein with ultraviolet light and remote plasma capability, for example, module 630. The wafer is transferred into the process chamber and the chamber closed. A purge with an appropriate gas, for example, N2 can be performed. A remote plasma is generated from N2 O and introduced into chamber 218 through feed 250. A silane gas, for example, SiH4 is introduced into the chamber through distributor 212. Ultraviolet light is produced within space 220 and coupled into chamber 218. It will be absorbed in part by the N2 O gas in chamber 218. After the deposition is completed, a cleanup operation can be performed, if desired, by utilizing a remote plasma generated from SF6.
A process gas distributor 212 provides process gases to the top chamber 218 near the wafer face 54. Another process gas distributor 306 provides gases to the ultraviolet plasma space 220 wherein a second plasma, remote from the wafer face 54, is optionally generated by applying RF power to front electrode 224. The species flowed through distributor 306, and the power level applied to front electrode 224, are chosen to illuminate the wafer face with the desired wavelength and intensity of ultraviolet light. The quartz baffle 232 directs the gas flow out of top chamber 218 and ultraviolet plasma space 220 so that the gas flow through the ultraviolet plasma space 220 does not contaminate top chamber 218, which is a similar gas flow to that shown in FIG. 12. The third gas feed 250 provides a gas flow which has been activated by a remote plasma chamber to top chamber 218 near the wafer 48. Voltage for the in situ plasma is applied to susceptor 300.
A process will now be described wherein a compound, such as zinc sulfide, is deposited from a gas phase in a reactor which is compatible with a vacuum processing system which includes vacuum wafer transport. Two gas distributors are used, each connected to a supply of one or more reagent gases, to improve uniformity and/or avoid gas phase nucleation. This process embodiment has the advantage that II-VI films, such as ZnS, can be rapidly deposited with good uniformity and good film quality.
The deposition of sulfide, selenide, and telluride films such as CdS, ZnS, PbS, CdSe, ZnSe, and other II-IV combinations can be produced by utilizing metal organic compounds and sulfide or selenide gases. The organometallic compounds (metal organic) can be, for example, from the group of dimethyltellurium, dimethylzinc, trimethyaluminium, tetraethylead. The sulfide can be, for example, hydrogen sulfide and the selenide gas can be, for example, hydrogen selenide. The required excitation can be provide by either or both a inert gas actuated remote plasma chamber 254 introduced into the process chamber or ultraviolet light generated in space 220 which is coupled into the process chamber. The susceptor 300 can be heated by utilizing heater rods (not shown) passing through the susceptor. It is also possible to dope the deposited film such as ZnS doped with PbS. For example, a mixture of tetraethylead and dimethylzinc is introduced into the chamber through one distributor 310 and hydrogen sulfide is introduced through a second distributor 312 to produce a mixture of ZnS and PbS.
In a sample embodiment, a HgCdTe substrate was used with a very thin passivating dielectric layer already present (in this case, a thin film of sulfides, less than 100 Ångstroms thick). H2 S was flowed at 30 sccm through one gas distributor, and dimethylzinc ((CH3)2 Zn) was flowed at two to three sccm through the other distributor at a substrate temperature of 50 degrees C. and at a total pressure of 150-200 milliTorr. These conditions resulted in growth of a film of good electrical quality at a rate of about 350 Angstroms per minute.
Optionally, the passivating layer can also be formed in the same reactor just before the ZnS deposition is performed. This is especially advantageous for the fabrication of MIS gates on HgCdTe. In a sample embodiment, a HgCdTe substrate has its native oxide removed with dilute HCl, rinsed with DI (deionized) water, dried with nitrogen and transferred to the process chamber under vacuum. The chamber is purged with hydrogen sulfide at, for example, 30 sccm and the chamber is brought to a pressure of 0.2 Torr and the substrate to a temperature of 100 degrees C. The hydrogen sulfide and HgCdTe surface is illuminated by an additional source of ultraviolet light to produce hydrogen-bearing and sulfur-bearing excited state species (atoms and radicals) which chemically reduce residual oxides on the HgCdTe and create a thin, passivating sulfide film. ZnS is then deposited over the passivated HgCdTe by introduction of dimethylzinc at, for example, 2 to 3 sccm.
The ZnS growth rate was found to be very sensitive to temperature, and a higher substrate temperature is probably desirable. While the stability of the HgCdTe material sets the maximum growth temperature at about 120 degrees C. or less, it is believed to be desirable to increase the growth temperature to the range from 90 degrees to 120 degrees, to achieve rapid growth of a high quality film. While gas phase reaction of these gases is not a large problem at 50 degreees C., it becomes much more significant at temperatures of 100-120 degrees C. Another advantage of the process module 640 configured to be used as a reactor is to facilitate the use of these higher temperatures without incurring problems due to reaction in the gas phase.
To achieve a smoothe film, a diluent gas can be mixed in with the reagent gas flow, and/or the reagent gases can be flowed at higher rates. Suitable diluent gases would include hydrogen, helium, and argon.
Growth of a zinc sulfide film under illumination from an in situ ultraviolet source has also been tested, and it has been found that the ultraviolet irradiation provides substantially faster film growth. The additional ultraviolet radiation could be useful in other depositions.
FIG. 17 shows the process module 640 which is used as a reactor. The reactor configuration is useful for the deposition process described above as well as other types of deposition. Distributors 310 and 312 each separately release a flow of a process gas inside a baffle 314, which directs the flow of gases upward to the top chamber 218 near the face 54 of wafer 48 which is held against a conductive susceptor 300 by the three support fingers 214 (only one is shown in FIG. 17 but all three are shown in FIG. 3).
Note that in the embodiment shown, the three support fingers 214 are relatively long, and are supported at their bases, well away from the top chamber 218, by respective flexures 316. Each finger is supported by two (or more) leaf springs (not shown), so that the finger can be deflected vertically, but will always tend to maintain a vertical axis. The advantage of this arrangement is that it helps in providing a reactor wherein nearly every exposed surface which is near the wafer surface 54 and specifically, every surface which is upstream from the wafer surface is made of quartz or, alternatively, another comparably pure and inert material. The species (CH3)2 Zn is quite reactive, and minimizing exposed surfaces other than quartz assists in avoiding deposition (which can lead to particulate contamination). Moreover, in this embodiment a mating pair of Teflon-coated (TM) baffles 318, 320 is used to separate the exhaust gas flow from the bellows 124, to avoid deposition on the bellows which might flake off when the bellows move.
Several of the embodiments described in the present application use a radiant heat source to permit rapid heating of a wafer and provide the advantages of high-temperature processing without the long thermal ramping times normally required. FIG. 18 shows an arrangement for performing rapid thermal processing.
FIG. 18 shows a process module 650 wherein a wafer 48 is held against or in close proximity to a transparent vacuum wall 238. As shown in FIG. 18, a ring of heating elements, for example 18 1-kW high-temperature incandescent lamps 330, is mounted in an upper fixed reflector 334 (FIG. 19A). The upper fixed reflector and a lower fixed reflector 332 help maximize the heating efficiency, i.e. improve the fraction of optical power emitted by the high-temperature incandescent lamps 330 which is optically coupled through the transparent vacuum wall 238 to wafer 48. The control system 206 can use temperature sensors to control altering the shape of the reflector by moving reflector 336 up and down to selected positions.
FIG. 19A shows the geometry of the upper fixed reflector 334 in cross-section. The surface of reflector 334 has three straight lines in proximity to the lamp, i.e. surfaces 338, 340, and 342 with each surface shaped roughly as conic frustum and positioned to reflect light directly from the high-temperature incandescent lamps 330 through the wall 238. The geometric optics of this light path, in this embodiment are shown in FIG. 19A.
It must be appreciated, however, that, while the specific embodiment shown has demonstrated good results and advantages, a wide variety of other reflector geometries could be substituted for that shown, while still retaining the advantages of the concepts described herein. The arrangement of the heating elements and the reflectors forms a heating module. Other types of heating modules are possible with the heat generated being thermally communicated to the wafer 48 with the arrangement of FIG. 18 being one example.
A movable upper reflector 336 (FIG. 18) is controllably movable vertically by drive 344. The reflector 336 is located within a circular opening in the center of upper fixed reflector 334. The movement of reflector 336 permits the area distribution of one component of the radiant heating pattern to be controlled, as shown in FIGS. 19B and 19C, to result in heat flow distributions as shown in FIG. 20. The drive 334 is located above the reflector 336 as shown in FIG. 18.
As shown in FIG. 20, the upper curve 652 shows the distribution of the heat energy from the edge of the wafer 48 in FIGS. 19A, 19B, and 19C (at the left as in FIG. 20) to the center of the wafer 48 (at the right in FIG. 20). The area between the dotted line 654 and solid line 656 is the contribution of the reflector 336 with the area below the solid line 656 being the contribution of the fixed reflectors 332 and 334. This represents the relative distribution of the thermal energy when the reflector 336 is in the up position as shown in FIG. 19C. The curve 659 of FIG. 20 shows the relative distribution of the thermal energy when the reflector 336 is in the down position as shown in FIG. 19B. The area under solid line 657 of curve 659 shows the contribution of the fixed reflectors and the area between solid line 657 and dotted line 658 is the contribution of reflector 336.
When the movable upper reflector 336 (which has a shape at its tip somewhat similar to a cone with a 90 degree tip angle) is in its lower position, as in FIG. 19B additional heating is provided to the edge of the wafer; but when the movable upper reflector 336 is in its up position, as in FIG. 19C, this component of radiation will not be preferentially coupled to the edge of the wafer, so that the center of the wafer receives additional heating. For clarity, FIGS. 19B and 19C trace only the component of optical radiation which is emitted parallel to the lamp filament; but it may be seen, in FIG. 19B, that light emitted over a significant range of angles will be similarly deflected.
Reflectors 332 and 336 are, for exmaple, made of aluminum coated with gold, and can be cooled by water flowing in passages within the reflectors. Reflector 334 could be coated with any suitable reflective material as desired.
The power input to these high-temperature incandescent lamps 330 is controlled by one of the control signals provided by the computer control system 206 (FIG. 31). Generally, power on the lamps is ramped at a high rate to a high power level (e.g. 40% of full power) and held there for some period of time depending on the process (e.g. 15 seconds). Power is then ramped back to a lower steady state level until the process is complete (e.g. to 16% of full power).
As another example, if the particular process being run requires the wafer to be held at a temperature of 600 C. during processing, the lamp power would be turned on at (for example) 30% of full power (i.e. at 5400 Watts total), and held at that level until the wafer reaches approximately the desired processing temperature, at which time the power is ramped back down to a level which will maintain the wafer at the desired processing temperature until the process is complete.
In a sample system where 18 1000 Watt incandescent lamps are position in a ring in a reflector (made of gold-plated aluminum) with a 6 inch diameter which faces a 6 inch quartz plate. The exposed portion of the quartz plate provides the transparent vacuum wall 238 and has an opening just large enough to permit radiant heating of the backside of a 4 inch wafer which is held close to the wall 238.
In a sample process embodiment, with the lamp powers just given, the wafer is held at 600 C. while process gas flows of 40 sccm H2 plus 8 sccm of WF6 are applied to its front side at a total pressure of 500 milliTorr. This chemistry has successfully demonstrated high-quality conformal deposition of thin films of tungsten at 2000 Å per minute.
In one embodiment, a combination of stationary reflectors, and lamps are used to heat the wafers rapidly to approximately 900° C. The wafers heated to approximately 1100° C. at at least 200° C. per second without any slip being introduced into the crystalline structure. The heating device is a dynamic radiant heat source, described in further detail below.
Both the intensity and the radial distribution of the incident radiant energy 22 can be adjusted. The adjustment of the power input to the lamps can be used to adjust the temperature of the wafer. This embodiment utilizes a temperature measuring device (such as an optical permitter) to detect the temperature changes in the wafer bieng processed. In order to achieve the appropriate radiant energy distributions across the wafer during heat-up and cool-down, the movable reflector 336 need only be moved a total distance of approximately 11/2 inches. For example, curve 652 represents the distribution during heat-up and curve 659 represents the distribution during cool-down.
The embodiment shown in FIG. 18 has successfully demonstrated control such that temperature variations across the radius of the wafer were held to less than 1% during ramping of the temperature of the wafer at a rate of, for example, 200° C. per second, to a final temperature of 1100° or greater.
After the desired processing operation has finished, the gas supplies are cut off or optionally switched over to inert species, and a holding time may be optionally interposed for a controlled cool down of the partially fabricated integrated circuit wafer, or for the settling of possible suspended particulates before the process chamber is opened. A gas purge could also be performed if desirable.
FIGS. 21A and 21B depict two modifications which reduce conductive thermal coupling between the wafer 48 and a transparent vacuum wall 238 in a vacuum processing system with rapid thermal processing capability. Note that the reflector configuration shown in these Figures is shaped differently than that shown in FIG. 18.
FIG. 21A shows an example of an embodiment wherein most of the surface area of the wafer 48 does not make contact with the transparent vacuum wall 238. Instead, the transparent vacuum wall 238 is formed to include a downwardly extending ring 350 which makes contact with wafer 48 close to the circumference 49 of the wafer 48 when the wafer 48 is raised by the three support fingers 214. A purge gas line 352 permits a purge gas (e.g. Ar. Argon) to be supplied to the backside of the wafer 48.
FIG. 21B shows an example of an embodiment wherein the wafer 48 does not make direct contact with the transparent vacuum wall 238 at all. Instead, a second transparent plate 358, which is thinner than the vacuum wall 238, contacts the wafer 48 when the it is pushed against it by fingers 214. The plate 358 is located below wall 238. Since the second transparent plate 358 is substantially thinner than the transparent vacuum wall 238, conductive coupling to it exerts less thermal loading on the wafer than full contact with the transparent vacuum wall 238 would. In the sample embodiment, the vacuum wall is 0.5 inches thick, and the second transparent plate 358 is 0.06 inches thick. Again, a purge gas line 352 permits a purge gas (e.g. Ar) to be supplied to the backside of the wafer 48. It is useful to have the second transparent plate 358 is spaced away from the transparent vacuum wall 238.
The purge gas supply used in both these embodiments helps in achieving a uniform temperature distribution across the wafer. In addition, purge gas supply to areas near the transparent vacuum wall helps prevent deposition or etching effects from accumulating to degrade transparency or generate particulates.
FIG. 21C shows yet another technique for reducing conductive thermal coupling between wafer 48 and a transparent vacuum wall 238 in a vacuum processing system with rapid thermal processing capability. The wafer 48 is supported by three support fingers 214 at a height such that, when the top chamber 218 is closed, the wafer is a small distance (e.g. 1 mm) away from the vacuum wall 238.
The techniques for reducing conductive thermal coupling shown in FIGS. 21A, 21B, and 21C are useful for wafer processing they could be applied to other types of work pieces.
Since the transparent vacuum wall 238, which can be made of quartz, experiences large temperature swings and must maintain a vacuum seal to a chamber which is generally fabricated out of metal, which has a quite different coefficient of thermal expansion, it may be advantageous to use a specialized vacuum seal like that shown in FIG. 21D between the transparent vacuum wall 238 and the reactor body. Such seals (which are known commercially as Helicoflex (TM) seals) include an Inconel (TM) helix 660 enclosed in a stainless steel jacket 662, with a soft metal jacket 664 (e.g. aluminum) surrounding the sealing surface of stainless steel jacket 662. When the seal is tightened down, the plastic deformation of the soft metal jacket 664 provides a leak free seal. Elastic deformation is primarily provided by the stiff Inconel helix 660.
Such seals have been suggested for use in ultra high vacuum systems (which are periodically baked out, at temperatures of, e.g. 600 degrees F.) as indicated in: I. Sakai et al., "Sealing Concept of Elastic Metal Gasket `Heliocflex`", 32 Vacuum 33 (1982); Hajime Ishimaru et al., "Bakable Aluminum Vacuum Chamber and Bellows with an Aluminum Flange and Aluminum Seal for Ultra High Vacuum", 226 IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 4000 (1979): R. B. Fleming et al., "Development of Bakable Seals for Large Non-Circular Ports on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor", 17 Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology 337 (1980): Hajime Ishimaru et al., "Bakable Aluminum Vacuum Chamber and Bellows with an Aluminum Flange and Aluminum Seal for Ultra High Vacuum", 15 Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, 1853 (1978); all of which are hereby incorporated by reference. Applicants believe that such seals were originally marketed for their ability to tolerate high pressure differentials at relatively high temperatures (e.g. 600 degrees F.) and still maintain a vacuum seal, but it is not known that such a seal has ever been suggested to provide a vacuum seal between two dissimilar materials in rapidly changing temperature environments, nor specifically for rapid thermal processing in vacuum processing systems.
It should be noted, however, that applicants' experimental results have shown that an elastomer seal will generally serve satisfactorily, as long as the elastomer seal material is not exposed to the radiant heating.
As mentioned above, the radiant heating modules usefully include cooling passages, since the power levels typically used (12-50 kW lamp power) are such as to promptly melt even a gold-coated aluminum reflector. However, FIG. 22 shows an alternative structure, wherein this is achieved indirectly. Part of the reflector 360 does not include cooling passages, and therefore the overall width of this embodiment of the radiant heating module is less than it would otherwise be. Cooling is achieved by choosing a size for the sidewalls of reflector 360 such that the radiant heating module is a slip fit into the inside diameter of housing assembly 362, which includes cooling passages 364. Thus, when the lamp power is turned on, the reflector 360 will heat up and expand until its sidewalls make good contact to the housing assembly 362; but at that point thermal conduction into housing assembly 362 will provide efficient cooling, so that the heating of reflector 360 is inherently self-limiting. The base 366 of the radiant heating module has its own cooling passages (not shown), but these passages and their connections do not increase the overall width of the heating module. Thus, the example shown in FIG. 22 provided a heating module which fit into a standard 10-inch vacuum flange, while providing a radiant heat source almost 10 inches wide. The depth of seating is of course chosen so that efficient radiative coupling through transparent vacuum wall 238, behind which lies top chamber 218. The enhanced vacuum flange compatibility makes this embodiment particularly advantageous for use in combination with an ultra-high vacuum process station (i.e. a process module which operates at pressures of 10-9 Torr or less).
The process module shown in FIG. 22 has separate energy sources for internal remote microwave plasma generation. RF in situ plasma generation, and radiant heat applied to the same process chamber within the module. The energy sources can be separately controlled either singly or in any combination. The process module provides dry in situ cleanup, high temperature native oxide removal, enhanced film deposition utilizing Radiant Heat. It is also capable of low temperature epitaxial film growth with a remote plasma source combined with radiant heat. Furthermore, it is capable of dry etch, including isotropic and anistropic processes, by using in situ RF and remote plasma in combination. Pre-etch, etch, and post etch processes, direct react and/or rapid thermal processes can also be performed. The process module can, therefore, sequentially perform several different process without moving the wafer.
As shown in FIG. 23, a wafer 48 is shown below a transparent vacuum wall 238 which is located above and spaced a short distance away. A purge gas line 352 is provided to supply gas to the face of wafer 48 which is closest to wall 238. The arrangement of the wafer 48, wall 238, and the heating module is similar to that in FIGS. 21A and 21B. However, in FIG. 23 a silicon electrode 670 is provided between wall 238 and wafer 48. It is the silicon electrode which will be heated directly and the wafer will be heated by thermal conduction. The silicon electrode 670 is connected around its edge to a RF conductor ring 672. Voltage for the in situ plasma close to the face 54 of wafer 48 is supplied to silicon electrode 670 through RF conductor ring 672. The wafer 48, silicon electrode 670, and RF conductor ring 672 are all electrically coupled. FIG. 23 shows a process module 675 which can have both remote (supplied by a gas distributor such as feed 250 in FIG. 16) and in situ plasma (through a gas distributor such as distributor 212 in FIG. 16).
FiG. 23 has four separate energy sources, internally generated ultraviolet energy, remote MW (Microwave) plasma generation, RF in situ plasma generation and radiant heat. Each source is separately controllable and can be used singly or in any combination. Process module 675 can provide dry in situ cleanup. Process module 675 can be used for high temperature native oxide removal, enhanced film deposition utilizing ultraviolet light and radiant heat simultaneously, or any other combination of energy sources desired, low temperature epitaxial film growth with remote MW (Microwave) plasma source combined with radiant heat, or any other combination of energy sources desired, dry etch, including isotropic and anisotropic processes by using in situ RF and remote MW (Microwave) plasma in combination, or any other combination of energy sources desired (Pre-etch, etch, and post etch processes, and direct react and/or rapid thermal processes).
The process module 680 shown in FIG. 24 is similar to process module 675 of FIG. 23 but with the inclusion of an additional source of ultraviolet light. The lamp module 682 is located above transparent vacuum wall 238. A wafer 48 is shown located below wall 238. A silicon electrode 670 is located between wall 238 and wafer 48. The silicon electrode 670 is spaced from wall 238 and in contact with wafer 48. A RF conductor ring 672 is in contact with the silicon electrode 670 to supply RF power for the formation of in situ plasma adjacent face 54 of wafer 48 in top chamber 212. Gas purge feed 352 performs the same function as described above. Remote plasma is provided through feed 250. Process gas distributor 212 provides process gas adjacent the face of the wafer 48. Quartz baffle 232 is H-shaped in cross-section. Fingers 214 support the wafer 48 against electrode 670. Gas distributor 248 supplies gas for ultraviolet plasma space 220. Electrodes 684 and 685 provide arranged along the inner and outer vertical walls of space 220 provide the necessary voltage for the formation of plasma within space 220. In general, the lower portion of the module 680 is similar to module 620.
One process which has been successfully demonstrated permits etching copper-doped aluminum (Al:Cu) films, for example, heavily copper-doped aluminum. RF power is used to generate a plasma and provide plasma bombardment at the wafer face, and the feed gas mixture includes BCl3, chlorine, and a hydrocarbon source (e.g., an alkyl, such as methane). Depending on the underlying material, a post-etch stage at lower pressure may be used to remove low-volatility residues.
A sample embodiment of the process discussed has been successfully demonstrated as follows: The starting structure included a 5000 Å thick layer of aluminum doped with 2% copper. Initial gas flows indicated 60 sccm of BCl3, 20 sccm of Cl2, and 5 sccm of CH4, at a total pressure of 100 milliTorr and an applied RF power level of 350 Watts, in a single wafer reactor wherein the wafer is held in a face-down position. In general, the power supplied could be between 300 and 1000 watts. In an example, of how the flow rates can vary, Cl2 could have flow rates with the range of 10 to 100 sccm, BCl3 within the range of 60 to 250 sccm, and CH4 between 0 to 15 sccm. The upper limit of the pressure is about 0.5 Torr.
In a first embodiment, it was found that these conditions would provide clean removal of Al:Cu over oxide. In a second embodiment, it was found that, when a copper-doped aluminum film over tungsten was etched with these conditions, some copper residue would remain. In this second embodiment a post-etch was used in which for 120 seconds, the gas flows were changed to 90 sccm of BCl3 and 15 sccm of Cl2 at a total pressure of 40 milliTorr and an applied RF power level of 250 Watts. The resulting structure showed nearly vertical etched sidewalls, little or no line width erosion, and approximately 2.5 to 1 selectivity to photoresist, and left a clean surface (without any copper residues).
While this embodiment provides tremendous advantages, however, another embodiment provides yet further advantages. The reactor used is one like that shown in FIGS. 23 and 24, which permits both radiant heating and plasma bombardment to be applied to the wafer face. During the etch, the wafer is heated to (e.g.) about 200 C. which prevents copper residues from remaining in place.
A further advantageous use of the radiant heating capability in this embodiment is to enhance removal of residues from the chamber walls. For example, a very efficient chamber cleanup can be performed, after the wafer has been removed, by heating the susceptor to a significantly higher temperature than the processing temperature (e.g. 700 C.). Since the processing chamber is so small, the chamber walls will all be at least somewhat thermally coupled to the susceptor by radiant heat transfer. A feed gas which will produce very active dissociation products in a plasma can be flowed in, and the combination of the high temperature and the active species will remove residues very fast. Suitable feed gases would inlcude a chlorine source such as BCl3, or a fluorine source such as SF6.
In an alternative embodiment, radiant heating is used to heat the wafer to temperatures of, e.g., several hundred degrees during the process. This process can provide rapid etching of heavily copper-doped aluminum (e.g. 2% copper) without leaving copper residues on the wafer. Oxygen would also have to be utilized in the cleanup operation.
FIG. 25A shows an overview of a module for edge-preferential processing for photoresist edge bead removal and for simultaneous photoresist bake, but the concepts described here are also applicable to systems for accomplishing other process steps. FIG. 25A shows a process module 690 which is connected in this embodiment by a quartz outlet tube 256 to a remote plasma chamber 254 which generates activated species in the process gas flow, as discussed above. A conical baffle 400 is used to provide enhanced reaction rates at the edge of the wafer. The baffle 400 and the support 692 for a channel which is V-shaped in cross-section. The gas from feed 250 connected to tube 256 is directed upward and outward by the channel formed between the baffle 400 and support 692. The gas exits the channel near the circumference 49 of wafer 48. The wafer 48 is located between the top of baffle which has its cone pointed downward and a transparent vacuum wall 238. A heating module 694 is located above the wall 238.
FIG. 25B shows a more detailed view of a process module 695 which is somewhat similar to that of FIG. 25A. These two embodiments differ primarily in that the wafer is heated, in FIG. 25A, by a radiant heating module which illuminates the wafer through the transparent vacuum wall 238 or alternatively, which illuminates a silicon susceptor which the wafer is pressed against, whereas in FIG. 25B it is simply a resistively heated susceptor 252.
In FIG. 25B, the gas flow of activated species from remote plasma chamber 254 (FIG. 25A) is connected to a funnel shaped gas distributor 416 by a slip-fit joint 258 (similar to that shown in FIG. 9) between the funnel shaped gas distributor 416 and the feed 250. the slip-fit 258 is provided to accommodate the upward and downward movement of the process module 295 which open and close the process chambers of the various modules disclosed herein. The feed 250, which is an extension of tube 256, can be, as described above, a quartz tube which does not move as the reactor opens and closes. A bellows 414 encloses the slip-fit joint, to make it effectively gas-tight without requiring any sliding joint which might introduce particulates, but alternatively a slip-fit joint like that shown in FIG. 14 which is merely vented to the exhaust space could be used instead.
The generally conical baffle 400 is supported inside the funnel shaped gas distributor 416 by small protrusions (not shown) to define a channel or flow path 408 which is about 1 mm thick. Spring pins 406, mounted on the funnel shaped gas distributor 416 hold the wafer 48 against the heated susceptor 252, which is preferably shaped to include a recess 412 which is about 0.5 inch deep around the circumference 49 of the wafer 48. This recess 412 facilitates removal of the backside bead. When photoresist is spun on (i.e. deposited as a liquid onto a spinning wafer), the resulting edge bead will normally extend around the whole edge of the wafer, front and back, even though resist is not coated onto most of the area of the backside, and removal of this backside bead is a significant difficulty in dry processing methods for edge bead removal. A ring-shaped protrusion 404 surrounding the recess 412 in the susceptor further assists in enhancing the dwell time of activated species near the circumference 49 of the wafer. This edge bead is a source of particles during handling and processing.
The choice of temperature is determined by the type and state (baked or unbaked) of the photoresist. Higher temperatures yield faster rates. Changing the process chemistry can, however, significantly compensate for lower temperature processing. For processing patterned, unbaked resist films of conventional type, it was found that the maximum temperature for operation was 100 C. Above this temperature the resist began to flow, ruining pattern definition.
The flat or base side 420 of the conical baffle 400 is held close to the wafer 48 during the processing operations. The radius of the base side 420 of conical baffle 400 is about 1 mm less than the radius of the wafer 48. The conical baffle 400 is usefully fabricated from aluminum which has been hard anodized over its entire surface except for its flat base side 420. This flat base side 420 is reactive enough to help getter activated species which diffuse in past the edge of the flat base side 420 and which therefore might erode the resist material in more central parts of the wafer 48.
Even with the native oxide present this aluminum face still has substantial ability to scavenge oxidizing species such as ozone or monatomic oxygen which diffuse in past the edge of the distributor, so that the edge-preferential selectivity of the operation is improved.
Edge selectivity is further enhanced by bleeding a purge gas supplied at connection 410 through vent line 402, which runs through the conical baffle 400 to exit in the narrow space (e.g., about 1 mm high) between the base side 420 of the conical baffle 400 and the wafer face 54.
To accelerate the reaction rates, the susceptor 252 is heated to a temperature of at least 100 C. Temperatures of 120°-130° are useful for conventional resist materials, but the choice of temperature will depend on the particular process conditions. For example, resist materials which have a higher reflow temperature will generally permit a higher temperature.
Edge bead removal may also be useful, in some processes, as a step performed after ashing has removed the resist form most of the wafer's face where total removal of resist is the desired end, and a particularly stubborn edge bead remains after the rest of the resist has been removed. The structure of FIG. 25B may optionally be operated at higher temperatures such as 300 C.
A sample process recipe which has successfully demonstrated photoresist edge bead removal is as follows: in a reactor configuration like that shown in FIG. 25B, a process gas flow of 1000 sccm O2 plus 200 sccm H2 and 1 Torr total pressure was activated by a 400 W microwave discharge upstream of the wafer, while the susceptor 252 was held at 100 C. In 120 seconds this sample process embodiment successfully removed the edge bead (estimated to be about 3 microns thick) which resulted from spinning on a 2 microns thick coat of photoresist. The heat applied during this time also accomplished the "soft bake" which is well known as a useful step in photoresist processing.
FIG. 26A shows a sample embodiment for a single wafer sputtering system with in situ cleanup for wafers 48, which includes, unlike any of the embodiments described thus far, not only the top chamber 218 below the wafer 48, but also an upper process space 430. The top chamber 218 is used for in situ cleanup, and the upper process space 430 is used for sputter deposition, but other uses of this system's capability are possible.
This sample embodiment also differs somewhat in the wafer transport used. The wafer transfer arm 28 places the wafer 48 down onto three support fingers 214 (only two of which are shown in FIG. 26B and FIG. 26C) which are mechanically supported from below, such as the three support fingers 214 (FIG. 12). The wafer 48 would have been placed onto fingers 214 by the arm 28 as discussed above. The fingers 214 are then moved upward until the wafer 48 contacts the susceptor 438 and the chamber is sealed. One or more seals 911 is located between the the susceptor 438 and the top of vertical exterior wall 913 (as shown in FIG. 26B) of chamber 218. A process step can then be carried out in the top chamber 218 (FIG. 26A) if desired. Three fingers 440 (only two of which are shown in FIG. 26B and 26C. The fingers 440 extend downward (as shown in FIG. 26B) round the pivotable susceptor 438. The fingers 440 could alternatively extend through the susceptor 438. The fingers 218 and 440 would be spcaed at 120 degree intervals about the same vertical axis although the fingers 218 and 440 would be offset from each other about the axis. When motor or solenoid 910 is actuated the fingers 440 move upward along the vertical axis and engage the wafer 48 at locations adjacent is circumference 49. Face 54 of the wafer 48 is facing downward and the fingers 440 engage the face 54 close to the circumference 49.
A support 912 (FIGS. 26B and C) is attached to susceptor 438 and to another motor 920 (FIG. 26A). The motor 920 is mounted on the outside of the process module 914 and is connected through a vacuum seal 922 (FIG. 26A) to support 912. Thus, support 912 is rotatably attached to the general support structure of process module 914 (FiG. 26A) and rotates about the axis 916 (FIG. 26A). When support 912 rotates about axis 916 in a counterclockwise direction as shown in FIG. 26B it moves the position shown in FIG. 26C which is 90 degrees form the position shown in FIG. 26B. The susceptor 438, solenoid 910, and wafer 48 are also rotated. A shutter 918 is located to selectively cover the sputter target 432. The shutter 918 is shown in the close position in FIG. 26B and in the open position in FIG. 26C and FIG. 26A. The shutter 918 is rotated by a motor 924 (FIG. 26A) between its open and closed positions. Motor 924 is mounted on the outside of process module 914 and is connected through a vacuum seal 926 to the shutter 918.
After the wafer is transferred onto fingers 214 by arm 28 and the arm is retracted, the fingers 214 are moved upward to clamp wafer 48 to susceptor 438. This is the position shown in FIG. 26B. While the wafer is in the horizontal position shown in FIG. 26B, a cleanup operation can be performed, e.g. by flowing a CF4 plus O2 mixture through a remote plasma and also optionally providing ultraviolet illumination in situ from a plasma which is remote from the wafer face as discussed above.
After the above operation, the fingers 440 move upward and clamp wafer to susceptor 438. The fingers 214 are then lowered and the top chamber 218 opened. The susceptor is rotated counterclockwise from the somewhat horizontal position shown in FIG. 26B to the somewhat vertical position shown in FIG. 26C by motor 920 (FIG. 26A). The wafer 48 is transferred to process space 430 by pivoting the susceptor 438 using motor 920. After the wafer is in its upper or vertical position, as shown in FIG. 26C, a shutter 918 which can be pivoted on another axis, at right angles to the axis on which the pivotable susceptor 438, is used to ensure isolation from the top chamber 218.
After the wafer 48 is rotate to the vertical position shown in FIG. 26C, the sputter module 930 can be powered up momentarily to clean the target by sputtering onto the shutter 918, while the shutter 918 is in its closed position as shown in FIG. 26B. The shutter 918 is then retracted to its open position as shown in FIG. 26C. Sputter deposit accomplished under fairly conventional conditions. The upper chamber is then held at a pressure of less than 100 mTorr (e.g. 30 mTorr), the shutter 918 is rotated to uncover the sputter target 432, and a potential of 1000 V is applied between the cathode 436 (FIG. 26A) and the sputter target 432. To enhance deposition efficiency, a smaller bias (e.g. 200 V) can be applied between the wafer 48 and the sputter target 432. After the sputter operation is completed the shutter is closed and the susceptor 438 and wafer 48 are rotated to the position as shown in FIG. 26B.
If it is desired to perform a process in the top chamber 212, the fingers 214 are raised and the top chamber 212 is closed. Then the fingers 440 are lowered. The desired process is performed, for example, a cleanup process. The wafer can then be transferred from the process module 914 by an arm 28 as described above in connection with FIGS. 1, 3, and 4.
In the alternative the wafer can be transferred from the process module 914 transfer arm 28 can enter into the process module 914 after the susceptor 438 is rotated clockwise to the position in FIG. 26B. The arm can after being positioned below the wafer 48, be moved vertically until the pins 50 (FIGS. 1 and 3) are in contact with the wafer 48. The fingers 440 are then lowered and the arm 28 lowers slightly and exits the process module 914. The pressure during the sputter should be less than 200 mTorr.
FIG. 27 shows a process module 940, which has the capability of processing several wafers 942, similar to wafer 48, simultaneously. A chamber 12 and an arm 28 as discussed in FIGS. 1, 3, and 4 transfer the wafers from a carrier shown in FIG. 1 to the process module 940. The process module 940 has a steel outer jacket 944, which is adapted to with stand high pressure, for example, 100 atmospheres. The jacket 944 can be made, for example, of 300 series stainless steel. The wafers 942 are placed into the process module 940 by an arm (not shown) similar to arm 28 (FIGS. 1, 3, and 4). The wafers are places into slots 946 of quartz rods 948. The quartz rods 948 extend vertically through the top chamber 950. Although only two rods 948 are shown in FIG. 27, additional rods can be provided, for example, a rod positioned on the right side of the chamber 950 to engage the wafers 942 as positioned in FIG. 27. The distance between the slots 946 can be sufficient to allow the arm to reach into the stacked wafers 942 to extract. In the alternative, the bottom slot of slots 946 can be a sufficient distance from the bottom 952 of chamber 950 that the arm can place the bottom most wafer. The wafers 942 can then be placed from the top slot into each of the intermediate slots with the bottom slot filled last.
The interior wall 957 of chamber 950 and lower chamber 955 are made of quartz. The space between the jacket 944 and interior wall 957 is equalized with the pressure in chamber 950 during the high pressure operation in order to minimize the stress on the interior wall. Controlled check gas valves 960 and 962 which are connected to the space between the jacket 944 and interior wall 957, and chamber 950, respectively, are used by the computer control system 206 to control the pressure so that the stress of the pressure differential on the interior wall 957 does not become too great by venting excess pressure as required. For example, if the pressure within chamber 950 becomes greater than the pressure in the space between jacket 944 and the interior wall 957, the system 206 operates valve 962 and releases pressure until the pressures are at an appropriate level, for example, about equal.
Bottom 952 has a plurality of holes 965 which allow gas supplied to the lower chamber 955 to move upward into chamber 950 above. The gas to the lower chamber 955 is supplied through pipes 970 thru 972. The pipes 970-972 can be made of any suitable material. Pipes 970 and 971 supply process gases at high pressure (100 atmospheres) to lower chamber 955 which are used within chamber 950 to perform the desired process. Pipe 972 supplies a purge gas to the space betweenn the jacket 944 and interior wall 957. The necessary vacuum is supplied to chamber 12 by pump 975, chamber 955 by pump 976, and chamber 955 by another pump (not shown) through pipe 978. The process chamber 950 of process module 940 unlike the other process modules shown herein does not seal by moving the wafer upward into a top chamber. In module 940 the process chamber 950 is sealed and unsealed by moving a vertical section 980 of the interior wall 957 upward and downward utilizing bellows 981. In the open position the transfer arm 28 similar to arm 28 had access to chamber 950 to transfer wafers 942 through port 30 when gate 31 is open (as shown in FIG. 27). The processing takes place when the chamber 950 is closed. A heater 982 is located on the interior wall 957 within the chamber 950 to apply heat for the process being conducted within chamber 950.
In operation, carrier 10 is opened and the wafers 947 are transferred from carrier 10 into chamber 950 under vacuum (as discussed above with reference to FIGS. 1, 3, and 4). The gate 31 is then closed. Gas is supplied into the space between the jacket 944 and the interior wall 957 and the chambers 950 and 955 from pipes 970 and 971. The chamber 950 is then closed and the processing is performed at high pressure with gas supplied through pipes 970, 971, and 972 which can be, for example, O2, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen, respectively. Heat from heater 982 can be applied as desired. After the processing over and the gas from pipes 970 and 971 is discontinued the chamber 950 is purged by gas from pipe 972, for example, N2. The chamber 950 is then brought to the desired vacuum. A vacuum process can then be performed if desired. The chamber 950 is opened and the wafers transferred through port 30 to carrier 10. The carrier 10 will be closed as discussed above with reference to FIGS. 1, 3 and 4. Although the module 940 is shown as capable of accepting 5 wafers the module can be adapted to provide for more or less. Less thn 5 wafers can be processed at a time, for example, one wafer.
A high pressure process module which is compatible with a system wherein integrated circuit wafers are largely transported and processed under vacuum. The pressure vessel can be extremely small, for example, 2 liters i.e. has a total pressurized volume of which almost all interior points are within one or two centimeters of one of the wafers which may be loaded into the chamber.
The module 940 has other uses such as slow proceses which are reaction limited such as oxide growth where it is useful to have several wafers processed simultaneously. This can be done as desired without the gas being applied from pipes 970-972. Thus this module 940 is adapted to process Application Specific Integrated Circuits.
The mechanical strength constraints of high pressure operation are easier to design for. This also means that pressurization and vent down of the high pressure module can be performed more rapidly. Also, the capability to perform high pressure processing (e.g. high pressure oxidation) in a module compatible with a vacuum processing system, increases throughput and eliminates the need to perform necessary oxidation steps external to a vacuum processing system.
This class of embodiments provides the capabilities of a conventional furnace (which is normally a high-particulate operation), while advantageously allowing compatibility with a low-particulate vacuum processing system. Moreover, this class of embodiments advantageously provides the capabilities of a conventional furnace (which normally requires a relatively large amount of floor space and plumbing) in a very compact area.
In an example of the use of process module 940, HgCdTe can be processed to form passivation layers using gas phase oxidation or sulfidization at high pressure. The HgCdTe substrates are heated to 50 between 150 degrees C. and a thin oxide film formed. A source of sulfur, for example, H2 S, can be supplied from pipe 970 at, for example, 100 sccm at a pressure of 50 to 100 atmospheres. A thin sulfide insulating film would be formed. It is also possible to provide oxidation by using oxygen at, for example, 100 sccm and hydrogen at 40 sccm, for example, to produce a water vapor/oxygen mixture at a pressure of 10 to 100 atmospheres.
FIG. 28 show a process module 1000 which is adapted for use as an implanter. An implanter is utilized to place or implant dopants into the surface of a wafer, for example, wafer 48. The wafer 48 is placed into the module 1000 by an arm (not shown) similar to arm 28 discussed above with reference to FIGS. 1, 3, and 4. The chamber 12 and carrier 10 are utilized above as discussed with reference to FIGS. 1, 3, and 4. A vacuum pump 1002 and a valve 1004 are connected to the interior of module 1004 to provide the required vacuum. Other pumps and valves can be provided as necessary.
The wafer 48 is placed into the top chamber 1006 by the arm (not shown) from carrier 10 through chamber 12 and a port (similar to port 30 in FIG. 3). The wafer is placed onto fingers 214 which can be constructed from hard-anodized aluminum or silicon so that the fingers are conductive. The top chamber 1006 is closed by the upward vertical movement of a bellows 1008. The fingers 214 raise the fingers 214 until the wafer contacts an electrode 1010 in the upper portion of chamber 1006. This is the position of wafer 48 shown in FIG. 28. Gas, which contains the substance to be implanted into the downward face 54 of wafer 48, enters a heating chamber 1012 thru a pipe 1014 from a gas source (not shown), for example, As. Within the heating chamber 1012 the gas from pipe 1014 is heated to the appropriate temperature for the particular dopant, for example, 350 degrees C. for Arsenic and 280 degrees for Phosphorus. The gas then flows upward into a microwave cavity 1020 through a pipe 1022. An additional gas can be introduced into the cavity 1020 through a pipe 1024, for example, He or Ar. Also additional gases, for example, BF3 for use as a p-type dopant can be feed through pipe 1024. The gas is subjected to microwave energy within cavity 1020. The gas becomes free radicals within cavity 1020 with a pressure of, for example, 0.1 Torr. The gas exits the cavity 1020 and passes through a pipe 1026 into a lower chamber 1028 located below top chamber 1006. The pipe 1026 passes through the central portion of a chamber 1030 below lower chamber 1028. The chamber 1028 is partially surrounded along its vertical axis by bellows 1008.
The gas passes upward from the lower chamber 1028 through a quartz shower head 1032 into top chamber 1006. Shower head 1032 extends horizontally between top chamber 1006 and and lower chamber 1028. The shower head has a number of openings 1036 which allows the gas in lower chamber 1028 to pass into chamber 1006. The shower head is a part of a quartz baffle 1040. The baffle 1040 is a cylindrical shape with its axis extending vertically through the central portion of chambers 1006 and 1028 with the shower head 1032 extending horizontally. The shower head 1028 can be of the type shown in FIG. 30C, if desired. Within chamber 1006, the gas is accelerated toward wafer 48 to implant the substance in the gas into the face 54. The ion current must be adjusted according to the pressure within the chamber 1006. Two bias plates 1042 and 1043 are located around the baffle 1040 outside chamber 1006. The plates 1042 and 1043 have negative and positive voltages, respectively, applied. Plate 1042 is located below and is separated from plate 1043. A magnet 1048 is located just above the plate 1043. Generally, the magnetic field needs to be of sufficient strength to repel the free electrons from the wafer surface 54. A positive voltage is applied to electrode 1010, for example, 100 to 10,000 volts. The free radicals are controlled within the chamber 1006 and are accelerated toward and into the wafer 48. The electrode 1010 can be cooled by passing fluid through openings 1034, if necessary.
The process module 1000 which is compatible with a system using vacuum wafer transport in which wafers are generally transported and processed in a face down position under vacuum.
The process gas lines 32 and the other feeds, gas lines, and pipes such as pipes 940 thru 972 shown herein are formed (or coated) to have tiny grooves on their inner surfaces or riblets to reduce particle entrainment at the surface. The use of riblets on the exterior of an air vehicle for reducing drag has been suggested by "Grooves Reduce Aircraft Drag", NASA Technical Briefs 5(2), page 192 (1980), and "Mission Accomplished", NASA Technical briefs 11(3), page 82 (1987). However, in the present invention riblets are used to stabilize a stagnant boundary layer on the walls of the piping, and therefore reduce the chance that the gases flowing through the piping will exert sufficient pressure on a particle adhering to the walls to detach it. For any given degree of cleanliness of process gas source, this advantageously reduces the number of particles which are transported into the process chamber while entrained in the gas.
Several embodiments of the shape and size of these riblets are shown in FIGS. 29A, 29B, 29C, 29D, 29E, 29F and 29G. Although the NASA Technical Briefs cited suggest the use of riblets on the exterior of air vehicles, it is an advantage of the present invention that it utilizes these grooves or riblets to reduce the chance that gases flowing through piping will exert sufficient pressure on a particle adhering to the walls to detach it. The NASA publications indicate that the grooves confine incipient bursts of turbulence so that they cannot expand and disrupt the boundary layer surrounding a moving aircraft. As shown in FIGS. 29A-G, most embodiments of the grooves are generally V-shaped, but they may take a variety of configurations. For example, they may have rounded or sharp peaks in symmetrical or asymmetrical cross sections. Asymmetrical grooves of various cross sectional geometries may be arranged in some regular sequences to optimize the aerodynamic performance. Thus, in the present invention, these grooves or riblets are used to stabilize a stagnant boundary layer on the walls of the piping. For any given degree of cleanliness of process gas source, this advantageously reduces the number of particle which are transported into the process chamber while entrained in the gas. Although only one or two grooves or riblets is shown in each of the drawings 29A-29G, many such grooves or riblets would be included as a part of the interior wall the pipes, feeds, distributors etc. shown in connection with the process modules disclosed herein.
FIG. 29A shows a Y-shaped groove 1100 in the wall of pipe 1102. Only a part of the pipe 1102 is shown in a cross-section taken across a part of the interior wall of the pipe, which is true of the other pipes in FIGS. 29A thru G. The groove 1102 can be 0.010 inches deep and 0.045 inches wide from peak 1104 (on the left in FIG. 29A ) to peak 1006 (on the right in FIG. 29A).
FIG. 29B shows another Y-shaped groove 1110 in the wall of pipe 1112. Groove 1110 is in the range of 0.010 to 0.020 inches wide between peaks 1114 (left) and 1115 (right) and has a depth of about 0.020 inches.
In FIG. 29C, a protrusion 1120 extends from the interior wall of pipe 1122. The protrusion 1120 has a triangular cross-section with a 90 degree angle at the peak 1124 and a 30 degree angle at its base on the left and a 60 degree angle at its base on the right. The distance from the peak 1124 to the base can be, for example, 0.01 inches and the distance across the base can be, for example, 0.023 inches. The grooves or riblets would be formed between the various protrusions. Another protrusion 1150 in a pipe 1152 is shown in FIG. 29F with the same basic shape as protrusion 1120. Protrusion 1150 has the same angles with a distance across its base of 0.046 inches and a height from the base to its peak 1154 of 0.02 inches.
Another triangular protrusion 1130 is shown in FIG. 29D. Protrusion 1130 has a 60 degree angle at its peak 1132 and a 40 degree angle at its base on the left and an 80 degree angle at its base on the right. The protrusion extends from the interior wall of pipe 1134. The distance across the base of the triangular shape can be about 0.028 inches with the distance from the base to the peak 1132 about 0.020 inches. Another protrusion 1160 in a pipe 1162 is shown in FIG. 29F with the same basic shape as protrusion 1130. Prtrusion 1160 has the same angles as protrusion 1130 with a distance across its base of, for example, 0.028 inches and a height from the base to its peak 1164 of, for example, 0.02 inches.
FIG. 29E shows a V-shaped groove 1140 in the interior wall of pipe 1142. The distance between the peaks 1144 (left) and 1145 (right) can be, for example, about 0.010 inches. The peaks 1144 and 1145 are rounded. The groove 1140 can be, for example, 0.020 inches deep.
One class of processes which has shown very significant success in reactors of the kind described above is anisotropic fluorine etches for materials including refractory metals.
It has been found that a combination of a hydrocarbon with a bromine source, for example, HBr or CF3 Br, provides a very potent passivating chemistry for fluorine-based etches. A fluorine source such as SF6, NF3, HF, F2, CF4, C2 F6, BF3 or SiF4 can be used for the fluorine-based etch. For example, one embodiment which has been successfully demonstrated is as follows: The starting structure included a thin film of tungsten. Initial gas flows included 50 sccm of SF6, 5 sccm of CH4, and 15 sccm of HBr at a total pressure of 250 milliTorr and an applied RF power level of 500 Watts. After the pattern had begun to clear, an additional flow of 20 sccm of WF6 was added, as will be further discussed below. The resulting structure showed nearly vertical etched sidewalls, only slight linewidth erosion, and excellent selectivity to resist. In another process, a source of Fluorine with WF6 acting as a load during overetch has been found to reduce line width loss.
By increasing the fraction of CH4 and also that of the bromine source, even more robust passivant action can be achieved. The following conditions produce were found, for example, to produce zero linewidth erosion: 40 sccm of SF6, 15 sccm of CF4, and 25 sccm of HBr, at a total pressure of 470 milliTorr and an applied RF power level of 400 Watts. The use of relatively high total pressure assists in maintaining uniformity.
If the rate of passivant deposition is increased still further, negative etch bias can be achieved. In a sample embodiment, a thin film of tungsten was etched using the following initial gas flows: 50 sccm of SF6, 18 sccm of CF4, and 25 sccm of HBr, at a total pressure of 470 milliTorr and an applied RF power level of 400 Watts. The resist pattern used had 2.7 micron minimum pitch (1.7 micron minimum line width and 1 micron minimum space width). The use of this chemistry was found to produce finally etched space widths of 0.6 to 0.7 microns. Thus, this chemistry provided a "negative etch bias" of approximately 0.15-0.2 micron. As an upper limit, further experiments demonstrated that increasing the flow of methane to 21 sccm, without changing the other conditions, shut down the etch entirely, i.e. the tungsten etch rate went to zero.
It has also been discovered that this class of passivating chemistries provides a highly anisotropic silicon etch. One specific sample embodiment, which was successfully demonstrated by experiment, used an etch chemistry as follows: Initial gas flows included 50 sccm of SF6, 5 sccm of CH4, and 15 sccm of HBr, at a total pressure of 250 milliTorr and an applied RF power level of 500 Watts.
These conditions etched 3 microns deep into silicon in 25 seconds, and produced an approximately vertical silicon sidewall while maintaining excellent selectivity to resist. However, these etch conditions are not particularly selective to oxide. Thus, this etching chemistry is extremely useful for etching trenches. The advantages of trenches in device structures have long been recognized, but they have usually been fabricated by low-pressure etching conditions which are slow and are prone to produce very undesirable etching artifacts such as retrograde bowing, grooving, or asperities on the bottom of the trench. It is also an advantage of the avoiding these difficulties of low-pressure processing.
Another, alternative, family of chemistries for fluoro-etching uses a feed gas mixture which includes a fluorine source such as SF6) plus a bromine source, such as HBr, plus a very weak oxygen source (e.g., carbon monoxide). This chemistry provides anisotropic high rate fluoro-etching with good selectivity to photoresist.
A sample embodiment of the process discussed has been successfully demonstrated as follows: The starting structure included a thin film of tungsten covered by a patterned layer of developed organic photoresist. Initial gas flows included 25 sccm of SF6, 25 sccm of HBr, and 40 sccm of CO at a total pressure of 300 milliTorr and an applied RF power level of 175 Watts. During the overetch period an additional flow of 20 sccm of WF6 is usefully added. The resulting structure showed steeply sloped sidewalls, only moderate linewidth erosion, and approximately 2 to 1 selectivity over photoresist.
This chemistry could be modified by substituting another weak oxygen source for the carbon monoxide. That is, weak oxygen sources such as N2 O or CO2 could be used instead. In fact, it would even be possible to derive some benefit by using an extremely small flow (less than one sccm) of O2 in place of the CO, but such very small flows are difficult to control reproducibly with conventional semiconductor manufacturing equipment.
Another alternative family of chemistries for fluoro-etching uses a feed gas mixture which includes a fluorine source (such as SF6) plus a fluorosilane (e.g., SiF4), plus a bromine source (such as HBr), plus a weak oxygen source such as carbon monoxide. This chemistry provides anisotropic high rate fluoro-etching with good selectivity to photoresist.
A sample embodiment of this process has been successfully demonstrated as follows: The starting structure included a thin film of tungsten, covered by a patterned and developed layer of organic photoresist material. Initial gas flows included 25 sccm of SiF4, 25 sccm of SF6, 25 sccm of HBr, and 30 sccm of CO at a total pressure of 350 milliTorr and an applied RF power level of 175 Watts. During the overetch period an additional flow of 30 sccm of WF6 is added to the other flows described to avoid resist erosion. The resulting structure showed nearly vertical etched sidewalls, only slight linewidth erosion, and approximately 3 to 1 selectivity to the photoresist.
A two-stage showerhead 280 (FIG. 30C) is placed between the end of the third gas feed 250 and the top chamber 218 near the lower face 54 of wafer 48. An example of such a showerhead is shown in FIG. 30C. Two baffles 284 and 286, held horizontally in fixed relationship within a housing 282 with baffle 286 located below baffle 284. Third gas feed 250 is located below baffle 286 and the gas passes upward from the gas feed 250 through holes 290 in baffle 286 and openings 1202 in baffle 284. Both baffles are both placed to block the flow of the process gases from the third gas feed 250 into the wafer top chamber 218, and the two baffles are aligned so that no hole 288 in the second baffle 284 is directly aligned with any hole 290 in the first baffle 286. The shower head 280 can be utilized as desired with the process modules disclosed herein. The housing 282 can have several shapes and can for example have a funnel shape with the narrow portion of the funnel located around the feed 250 and the baffles located above in the cylindrically shaped portion of the funnel.
The two-stage showerhead is, in this embodiment, made of "tuframcoated" (a Teflon-impregnated™ anodized) aluminum, Teflon, or quartz. Successful experiments have demonstrated that some other showerhead geometries also work (e.g., a quartz tube with a circular ring with gas dispersion holes placed away from the wafer), but the two-stage showerhead is more useful due to its high throughput and uniformity.
As remote plasma processing is relatively new, prior methods of dealing with nonuniformity are few. One manufacturer has used a single showerhead with fairly large holes (about 0.25" i.d.) in two concentric circles, with one smaller hole (about 0.15" i.d.) in the center. Although this is an improvement over no showerhead, as another commercial photoresist stripper is set up, significant higher stripping rates still occur at the center of the wafer. The pattern of resist removal visibly copies the pattern of holes in the showerhead. A plot of resist removal across the wafer is shown in FIG. 30A. For comparison, results without any showerhead are shown in FIG. 30B.
The curves in FIG. 30B show that as the distance from the center of the wafer increases the amount (thickness) of the resist removed decreases. The curves in FIG. 30A show that the use of the two stage shower head greatly improves the uniformity of the resist removal.
The failure of the single showerhead is due to the nature of the gas flow in the reactor. The flow is viscous and laminar, resulting in a velocity profile across the tube that goes as
v(r)=2<v>(1-r.sup.2 /R.sup.2)
Near the tube wall (r=R) the gas velocity is very low, while at the center of the tube (r=0) the gas is moving much faster, up to twice the average velocity, <v>. When gas with such a velocity distribution impinges on the wafer, more reactants will be transferred where the velocity is high, rather than where it is low. This causes the observed nonuniformity, but the embodiments disclosed here solve this problem.
The solution lies in reducing the differences in velocity from one prior to another in the gas stream. This must be done downstream of the discharge tube, where the reactor cross section is large, so that the gas flow will not return to the steady state given by Equation 1 before reaching the wafer. Since gas passing directly through a showerhead hole will not have its velocity significantly changed, no gas parcel may be allowed a direct or "line-of-sight" passage from the discharge tube to the wafer. If any line-of-sight passage remain, gas will pass preferentially through them.
To prevent line-of-sight passage, a second showerhead or baffle is required. The essential feature of this baffle is that it block direct flow of gas from the discharge tube through the lower showerhead, as shown in FIG. 30C. By doing so, gas parcels will become sufficiently mixed so that a relatively uniform velocity profile will emerge below the lower baffle. The first showerhead component encountered by the flowing gas may consist of (1) a number of connected baffles to block direct passage of gas through the second showerhead component; or (2) a single solid baffle to completely arrest forward motion, forcing velocity vectors to change from the axial direction to the radial, before encountering the second showerhead component; or (3) a structure intermediate between (1) and (2).
The results of using another shape for the baffles and housing is shown in FIG. 30D. The curves in FIG. 30D shows the improved, but not yet optimized, ashing uniformity that resulted from an implementation of the two-stage showerhead concept, where the first showerhead consisted of a conical baffle just covering the central hole in the second showerhead. This can be compared to FIG. 30A, which was obtained using the second showerhead without the baffle even though the specific chemistry employed was different. This shower head can have a baffle like baffle 284 shown in FIG. 30C. It can also have a lower baffle which is a cone position just above the end of feed 250 with the point of the cone directed upward. The diameter of the cone can be just greater than the diameter of the feed 250. It is also possible to invert the cone. Other two shower head arranges are possible.
The chamber walls need to lie sufficiently far from the showerhead and wafer so that subsequent slowing of gases along the wall does not significantly affect the newly developed gas velocity distribution before the wafer is reached. The effect of this uniform velocity distribution is to create a uniformly thick boundary layer of thickness d over the surface, as shown in FIG. 30E, taken from H. Schlichting, "Boundary-Layer Theory," (7th ed. 1979) which is hereby incorporated by reference. A uniform boundary layer will lead to uniform transport of reactants to the wafer.
The material forming the showerhead may be of ceramic, hard anodized aluminum, stainless steel. Teflon, or quartz--the choice depending on compatibility with process gases. The dimensions can be chosen to fit any wafer size, provided that the reactor wall be far enough from the wafer not to affect the uniform velocity profile. The size of holes should be reasonably large (probably 0.1"-0.25") so as to not significantly impede overall gas throughput or cause loss of reactive species on its surface and to assist in machining. The distance between the two showerhead pieces should be at least as large as the hole diameter. The two showerhead parts may be oriented for face-down processing.
Thus, this class of embodiments provides the following advantages: (1) application to all isotropic processing in fast flowing remote plasma systems, (2) promotion of uniform processing results, (3) maintenance of high reactant throughput for high rate of etching and deposition, (4) flexible materials choice for process compatibility, (5) comprehension of face-down processing.
Some relevant background information may be found in the article by C. I. Howard at vol. 83, J. Phys. Chem., page 6 (1979), which is hereby incorporated by reference.
One process disclosed herein provides a descum process which is a process for removal of polymers and other organic residues. The process uses a remote plasma, supplied through a distributor which includes a two-stage showerhead (FIG. 30C), to achieve improved results.
A general processing requirement when using photoresists is a step referred to as "descum." Normal photoresist processing does not provide a totally clean pattern after the resist has been exposed and developed. There are areas in the pattern which are desired to be cleared and still contain a significant residue of high-molecular-weight polymeric compounds. Normally, these must removed by an aggressive isotropic etch. For example, a layer of photoresist which is 1.4 microns thick in unexposed areas may still contain resist residues of 0.5 micron or more in the areas which need to be cleared. Conventionally, this is done as a wet processing step, but the embodiment disclosed here provides a way to perform this function in a dry process.
In one embodiment of this process, descum of patterned photoresist was successfully demonstrated using a process mixture of 1000 sccm O2, 200 sccm H2 at 100 C and 1 Torr total pressure. The choice of mass flows was set to result in high removal rate, proportional to O2 mass flow, but retaining uniform removal across the wafer which is inversely proportional to mass flow and pressure. The reactor is set up with all gases passing through a remote plasma chamber 254 powdered at 400 W.
The process chemistry can alternatively consist of O2 plus one or more of the species: N2 O, H2 O, H2, CF4, CHF3, HCl, HBr, and Cl2. Of these, H2 is the most useful in some instances additive gas for the following reasons; (a) the N2 O additive does not enhance the rate as much as H2, particularly at lower temperatures; (b) halogen-containing gases present some risk of deleteriously affecting the metals present on the substrate. If this constraint were lifted, CF4 and CHF3 would be very good choices, because they could provide descum rates as much as one order of magnitude faster than H2. The remaining problem with CF4 and CHF3 is reactor materials-compatibility problems due to the presence of F atoms. This could be solved by using a Teflon (TM) showerhead.
The hydrogen species used may be participating advantageously in the reaction by assisting in the opening of unsaturated bonds in the resist material.
Selectivity is not tremendously crucial in descum processes, but in fact the process described does have good selectivity to silicon, which is an advantage.
The resist used was standard positive resist. In the test example specified, Shipley 1813 (TM) resist, which had been developed with an MF-314 developer, was used. Patterning was performed at an i-line wavelength, for about 250 msec, to give "scum" due to underexposure. The resist was on bare Si for the purpose of study, but in actual use the process would be carried out with photoresist on top of a film to be etched, e.g., aluminum. The sample was processed to leave a substantial amount of unexposed photoresist between desired patterns. In fact, it is estimated by measurements of SEM pictures that there was as much as 5000 Angstrom of photoresist remaining between desired resist patterns, which is at least an order of magnitude worse than what would likely be encountered in a real life case. In the present case, the intermediate "scum" was removed in 6 min., according to optical microscopy. Thus, in real case, with more like 500Å of scum typically present, processing should take less than 1 minute.
A general problem with processes which use a remote plasma to generate activated species for etching or deposition applications is poor process uniformity across the surface of the wafer. This is a consequence of gas hydrodynamics which causes the formation of a boundary layer of stagnant gas just over the surface of the wafer. The stagnant gas hampers the transfer of reactants and products to and from the wafer. The problems are exemplified in photoresist ashing, where resist removal is typically several times higher immediately under the discharge tube's entrance to the reaction chamber than at the edge of the wafer. In this instance, the poor uniformity frustrates the use of such equipment for descumming applications. The teaching in the present application of using a specially designed two-stage showerhead will as a gas distributor in remote plasma applications provides the advantage of greatly improved uniformity.
Referring now to FIG. 31, there is depicted a block diagram of the electrical instrumentation and control system 700 for a vacuum processing system. This system can be controlled by a computer control system 206 which could be an 8088-based PC, or specifically, a Texas Instruments Professional Computer. The computer control system can be programmed to perform a specific processing sequence upon demand. Once the process is initiated, the computer control system 206 monitors and controls the process flow.
The system has a number of process monitoring instruments which provide input signals to the control system 206 and based upon those inputs and the preprogrammed process sequence, the control system 206 provides outputs either to controllers or directly to specific components. Each of the inputs and outputs of computer control system 206 will be described below.
After the the vacuum wafer carrier 10 (FIG. 1) has been placed in the vacuum load lock chamber 12 and shut the load lock lid 20, he then begins the automated process sequence. Keyboard interaction with the computer control system including process sequence and start is menu driven. During the initial start up sequence, before the actual processing has begun, the roughing pump, turbo molecular pump, and if necessary a cryogenic vacuum pump are all started.
The purge and pump down functional sequence is shown on FIG. 11 and reference is made to it where appropriate. When the process 800 is started, the computer control system sends a signal to the roughing pump controller for the load lock 701 which as shown in step 804 sends a signal to open the roughing pump load lock isolation valve 702. The roughing pump then begins to draw a vacuum in the vacuum load lock chamber 12.
As shown in step 802, the control system 206 then sends a signal to open the load lock nitrogen purge valve 703. This begins a nitrogen purge of the load lock chamber 12 in order to blow any particulate that has contaminated the external surface of the vacuum wafer carrier 10 off of the surface and allow its removal by the vacuum system. It also allows removal of any particulate that has found its way into the vacuum load lock chamber 12 during the loading sequence.
The control system 206 then provides a pressure set point signal to the load lock pressure controller 704 which provides electrical signals to the load lock pressure control valve 705 during this nitrogen purge as indicated by step 808.
The load lock particulate sensor 202 and particle counter 850 provide an input signal to the computer control system corresponding to the number of particles which it detects during this purge process as shown in step 806. When the particle counter 850 detects no particles for a predetermined time period, as indicated by step 810, the control system 26 sends a signal to shut the load lock nitrogen purge valve 703, as shown in step 814, and to fully open the load lock pressure control valve 705, as shown in step 812, via the load lock pressure controller 704 which completes the purge process.
As indicated in step 816, the control system 206 then sends a signal to the load lock turbo pump controller 706 which opens the load lock turbo pump isolation valve 707.
The turbo molecular pump continues pumping down the load lock until the vacuum in the load lock is equal to or greater than that in the vacuum wafer carrier 10. Vacuum load lock vacuum is provided as an input to the computer control system from load lock vacuum gage 62, as shown in step 818.
After the vacuum has been sufficiently lowered, the control system 206 sends a signal to the vacuum wafer carrier door motor 707 to fully open the vacuum wafer carrier door 14, as shown in step 822. The door 14 normally remains open until the last wafer has completed the processing sequence.
Wafers 48 can then be moved from a wafer carrier 10 to the process chamber in any order desired via the transfer arm 28 which is controlled by the control system 208. Before the control system 206 will allow the transfer arm 28 to move the vacuum wafer carrier door sensors 708 must indicate that the vacuum wafer carrier door 14 is fully open. The control system 206 sends a signal to the transfer arm controller 709 to move the wafer transfer arm 28 from its home position to a position beneath and in close proximity to but not touching the wafer selected for processing, which was input to the control system 206.
When the transfer arm 28 is positioned under the wafer, the wafer arm sensor 710 sends a signal to the control system 206 which indicates whether or not a wafer is present in that location. Wafer transfer arm sensor 710 is a capacitive proximity detector. If a wafer is detected as being present, the control system sends a signal to the transfer arm controller 709 which allows it to continue the transfer sequence. The transfer arm 28 moves vertically upward and lifts the wafer 48 off of the ledges 60.
The transfer arm 28, now carrying the wafer on the three pins 50, as described above with reference to FIGS. 1, 3, and 4 moves horizontally out of the vacuum wafer 10. After the transfer arm 28 has cleared the vacuum wafer carrier 10, the transfer arm controller 709 positions the transfer arm 28 at the appropriate vertical position to be able to pass through the isolation gate 31 (FIG. 3) and placed atop the three tapered pins 53 in the process chamber.
If desired at some time prior to attempting to move the wafer 48 through the isolation gate 31, and generally at the end of the last processing sequence, the process chamber has undergone a similar pump down and purge process as did the load lock chamber as described above. The control system 206 sends a signal to the process chamber pressure controller 711 which in turn sends a signal to open the process chamber roughing pump isolation valve 712. The control system 206 then sends a signal to open the nitrogen purge valve 713 and then it sends a set point signal to the process chamber pressure controller 714 which in turn controls the process chamber throttle valve 715 to maintain the appropriate vacuum in the process chamber during the nitrogen purge process. This purge process continues until the process particle counter 208 detects no particular for a predetermined time period as monitored by the control system 206.
Once that condition is achieved, the control system shuts the process chamber nitrogen purge valve 713 and the process chamber process controller 714 shuts the process chamber isolation valve 715. The control system 206 provides a signal to the process chamber turbo pump controller 716 which then opens the process chamber turbo pump isolation valve 717. The process chamber vacuum sensor 718 provides vacuum information to the control system 206.
Once the vacuum indicated in the process chamber by the input signal from vacuum sensor 718 and the load lock vacuum as indicated by vacuum sensor 62 are less than a predetermined amount, the control system sends a signal to the isolation gate 31 to open.
Returning now to the transfer sequence, transfer arm 28 together with 28 together with wafer 48 move horizontally through the isolation gate 31 and into the process chamber. The transfer arm 28 is then lowered and wafer 48 comes to rest upon the three tapered pins 53 and the process chamber. The transfer arm 28 is lowered sufficiently such that the wafer transfer arm sensor 710 should indicate that the wafer was removed from the arm. If the wafer transfer arm sensor 710 indicates that the wafer 48 is no longer on transfer arm 28 the control system 206 sends a signal to the transfer arm controller 709 which causes the transfer arm 28 to be removed from the process chamber through the isolation gate and back to its home position. Once that sequence is complete, the control system 206 sends a signal to the bellows air cylinder (not shown) that causes its upward motion and closes the process chamber in preparation for the beginning of the process sequence.
The control systm 206 can be programmed to control any of the process operations performed, no matter which configuration of the vacuum processor is used. The control system 206 can establish the desired wafer temperature by one of several methods depending upon the configuration of the vacuum processor. In one case, where the vacuum processor utilizes a resistively heated substrate, the control system 206 is provided with temperature information from the heated substrate temperature sensor 720 and provides a control signal to the heated substrate temperature controller 724 which controls the heated substrated power supply 725. In another embodiment, the control system provides an input to the radiant heat lamp power supply controller 721 which controls the amount of power and the rate of change of power input to the radiant heat lamps from the lamp power supply 722. In another embodiment, the control system 206 provides input to the heat exchanger control valves 723 which control the flow of cooling water to the substrate. In addition, when using a microwave plasma, the control system receives microwave plasma temperature information from the microwave plasma temperature sensor 726 and in turn sends a control signal to the microwave plasma power supply controller 727 which controls the microwave plasma power supply 728 to achieve proper plasma temperature.
In almost all of the processes, one or more process gases are utilized to achieve the desired results. The control system 206 sends a signal to the manifold valve controller 729 which can control which of the manifold valves 730 are used and, consequently which gases and how much flow is allowed to pass through each valve.
In several embodiments in situ ultraviolet energy is provided to enhance wafer processing. The control system 206 to the UV tuner 721 in order to match the UV (as used herein UV is defined as ultraviolet light) chamber impedance. In addition, the control system provides a signal to the UV power supply controller 732 which in turn adjusts the UV transmitter power 733.
In some embodiments, the processor uses low power radio frequency energy to accelerate charged particles to the surface of the wafer 48. The control system 206 provides inputs to an radio frequency tuner 734 so that the impedance of the transmitter can be matched to the impedance of the RF (as used herein RF is defined as radio frequency) electrodes in the process chamber.
When RF energy is used for generating a plasma or heating a substrate in the process chamber, the radio frequency temperature sensor provides a signal to the control system 206 corresponding to the temperature of the RF electrode in the process chamber. The control system provides a signal via the RF power supply controller 736 which in turn provides a signal to the RF power supply 737 that adjusts transmitter output power to achieve proper RF electrode temperature.
When the process is complete, the control system shuts the appropriate manifold valves 730 and shuts off the appropriate power supplies discussed above.
If desired, with the processing complete, the control system 206 initiates a process chamber purge cycle as was described above. This purge cycle can continue for a fixed period of time or until the process chamber particle counter 208 indicates 0 particles for a predetermined time period.
The control systems 206 then shuts the nitrogen purge valve 713 and the pump down process continues as the control system monitors the differential vacuum between the load lock and the process chamber. When the process chamber vacuum sensor and the load lock vacuum sensor input signals to the control system 206 indicate that the vacuum difference between the two chambers is less than the predetermined amount, the control system sends a signal to open process chamber by moving the bellows downward. After the process chamber is open, the control system 206 sends a signal to the transfer arm controller 709 to retrieve the wafer 48 from the process chamber and place it back in the vacuum wafer carrier.
A transfer arm controller 709 causes the transfer arm 28 to move horizontally from its home position through the isolation gate to a point beneath the wafer 48 in the process chamber. The wafer transfer arm sensor 710 will provide a signal to the control system if it senses proximity to the wafer 48. After receipt of this signal, the transfer arm 28 moves up vertically and lifts the wafer 48 off of the tapered pins 53. The transfer arm 28 then moves through the isolation gate 31 into the vacuum load lock chamber 12. The transfer arm controller 709 then causes the transfer arm 28 to move up or down vertically to the vertical position of the slot from which the wafer was originally taken.
Once the transfer arm 28 is at the appropriate vertical position, it moves horizontally into the vacuum wafer carrier 10. At this point, the wafer 48 is positioned just slightly above the ledges 60 which support it inside the vacuum wafer carrier 10. The transfer arm controller 709 then directs transfer arm 28 to move down vertically to a point which allows the wafer to rest on the ledges 60. The transfer arm 28 continues its downward motion, and then stops at a predetermined location beneath the wafer 48. The control system then samples the wafer transfer arm sensor 710 to see if the wafer is any longer in proximity to the transfer arm 28. If it is not, the transfer arm is moved horizontally out of the vacuum wafer carrier to its home position. The transfer arm can then be moved to any other wafer in the vacuum wafer carrier and begin the process of extracting it from the wafer carrier and processing it and replacing it. This evolution can be repeated for whichever wafers the system 206, as programmed desires regardless of their position in the carrier.
In an optional embodiment, for processes that require low humidity in combinations with a high vacuum, the vacuum processor may utilize cryogenic vacuum pumps. These cryogenic pumps are utilized in a manner similar to that utilized for the turbo molecular pumps as described above. Their associated controllers are shown in FIG. 31 as load lock controller 737 and process chamber cryopump controller 738. These controllers control the load lock cryopump isolation valve 739 and the process chamber cryopump isolation valve 740 respectively. The cryopump is utilized to remove moisture from the gas present in the chamber. This is useful for process related to HgCdTe.
When all of the wafers have completed being processed and have been placed back in the vacuum wafer carrier, the control system signals the vacuum wafer door motor 707 to close the door 14. The control system 206 then checks the vacuum wafer carrier door sensors 708 to verify that the door 14 is in fact shut. The control system then shuts the load lock roughing pump isolation valve 702 load lock turbo molecular pump isolation valve 717 or load lock cryogenic pump isolation valve 739 using the corresponding load lock controllers 701, 706, and 737. In addition, the control system shuts the process chamber roughing pump isolation valve turbo molecular pump isolation valve or cryogenic pump isolation valve via the appropriate process chamber controller 711, 716, and 738. It also shuts the isolation gate 31. The control system then sends a signal to open the vent valves 741 which allow the load lock chamber 12 and the process chamber to return to atmospheric pressure. The lid 20 can then open the load lock lid and remove the vacuum wafer carrier 10.
Referring to FIG. 32, a process module 1300 is shown. This process module has remote and in situ plasma. The wafer carrier 10, an arm (like arm 28) and chamber 12 are utilized to transfer the wafer 48 the carrier 10 to the process module 1300 is shown with a gas distributor 1302 attached to a gas distribution ring 1304 which is located in the upper part of top process chamber 1306. The gas distributor 1304 supplies the gas for the in situ plasma through the ring 1304. The ring 1304 is arranged about the vertical axis of the chamber 1306. The exits from ring 1304 through a plurality of openings 1310 in the bottom of ring 1304. The vertical walls of chamber 1306 can be made of quartz and form a cylinder about the vertical axis of chamber 1306. The bottom of chamber 1306 is an electrode 1312. The top of chamber 1306 in the closed position (as shown in FIG. 31) is an electrode 1314. A heat exchanger (not shown) can be provided for electrode 1314, if desired, for example, to maintain an ambient temperature of, for example, 25 degrees C.
The chamber 1306 is opened and closed by a bellows 1316. The bellows 1316 moves the vertical walls of chamber 1306 upward and into contact with the electrode 1314 or an adjacent portion of module 1300 A seal (not shown) can be provided at the location where the vertical wall of chamber 1306 comes into contact. The bellows moves the chamber 1306 upward to close the chamber and downward to open the chamber. In the open position the arm can transfer the wafer 48 from the carrier through chamber 12 and into the chamber 1306 onto fingers or pins 1320. These fingers 1320 are similar fingers 214 (FIG. 12) and pins 53 (FIG. 3). When the chamber 1306 is closed, the fingers 1320 move upward to place the wafer 48 into contact with electrode 1314.
The remote plasma is supplied into the bottom of chamber 1306 along the vertical axis through a pipe 1322. Pipe 1322 extends fom a remote plasma generator 1326 and through electrode 1312 into chamber 1306. The pipe 1322 has a slip fit 1328 with electrode 1312 to accommodate the vertical movement of chamber 1306 including the electrode 1312. Below electrode 1312 is located a chamber 1330 which is connected to pump 1332 and valve 1334. Thus a generally downwardly flow of gas through chambers 1306 and 1330 is provided. The in situ plasma is provided by the application of appropriate voltages between electrodes 1312 and 1314. The voltage would be RF to provide the desired excitation to the gas in chamber 1306. Pump 1332 and valve 1334 provide the desired vacuum within chamber 1306. This the remote plasma from generator 1326 and the in situ plasma generated within the chamber 1306 are joined in acting on face 54. The distributor 1302 also has a slip fit with electrode 1312. Distributor 1302 extends along the vertical wall of chamber 1306. The process module 1300 is adapted to perform various processes.
One process which has been successfully used with the process modules having both remote and in situ plasma is etching of silicon doped aluminum, for example, aluminum doped with 1% of silicon. A synergistic etch rate enhancement of more than double the sum of their individual etch rates was obtained for combined microwave and RF etching under the following conditions: gas flows were 80 sccm BCl3 plus 20 sccm Cl2 plus 1000 sccm He, at 1 Torr total pressure, 225 W RF Power (applied to generate a plasma near the face of the wafer) at a frequency of 13.56 MHz and 400 W microwave power at a frequency of 2450 MHz. The temperature used was an ambient temperature of about 25 degrees C. These results were obtained even though they are based on etch rates which were not very high since the flows had not been optimized for the particular conditions used, but they do show the synergistic advantage of combining these two effects. The gas mixture can all be introduced from pipe 1322 into chamber 1306 or a part of the gas mixture including other gas not mentioned above, can be introduced through ring 1304. Further, a source of hydrocarbon, for example, methane could introduced through ring 1304 or the methane could be a part of the remotely generated plasma.
Another process useful with process module 1300 is for the deposition of Polysilicon. A gas mixture of an inert gas and a source of silicon, for example, SiH4 and/or Si2H6 is used with remote plasma and in situ plasma to produce improved deposition rate over the sum of the rates of in situ and remote plasmas used separately. As an example, the RF power is 100 watts in the process chamber at an 13.56 MHz and the remote plasma generator is operating at 400 watts at 2450 MHz. The gases are Helium at 1000 sccm and SiH4 at 50 sccm. Argon is another example of an inert gas which can be used. The pressure can be 1 Torr and the temperature 25 degrees C. The SiH4 is introduced into the process chamber through ring 1304 and remaining gas passes through the generator 1326. The results were obtained even though they had not been optimized for the particular conditions used, but they do show the synergistic advantage of combining these two effects. Surface damage can be reduced by increasing the pressure to greater than 1 Torr. This process results in improved results because of a synergistic effect between the remote and in situ plasmas. The surface damage is minimized while the deposition rate is improved. The remote and in situ plasmas can be separately controlled. This process can be used with silicon, GaAs, and HgCdTe substrates.
Another process useful with process module 1300 is for the deposition of silicon oxide. A gas mixture of Helium, O2, and SiH4 is used with remote plasma and in situ plasma to produce improved deposition rate over the sum of the rates of in situ and remote plasmas used separately. As an example, the RF power is 100 watts in the process chamber at an 13.56 MHz and the remote plasma generator is operating at 400 watts at 2450 MHz. The gases are Helium at 1000 sccm, O2 at 100 sccm, and SiH4 at 50 sccm. The pressure can be 1 Torr and the temperature 25 degrees C. The SiH4 is introduced into the process chamber through ring 1304 and remaining gas passes through the generator 1326. Surface damage can be reduced by increasing the pressure to greater than 1 Torr. The temperature can be within the range of 25 to 400 degrees C. This process results in improved results because of a synergistic effect between the remote and in situ plasmas. These results were obtained even though they had not been optimized for the particular conditions used, but they do show the synergistic advantage of combining these two effects. The surface damage is minimized while the deposition rate is improved. The remote and in situ plasmas can be separately controlled. This process can be used with silicon, GaAs, and HgCdTe substrates.
Another process useful with process module 1300 is for the deposition of silicon nitride. A gas mixture of Helium, one of a group of N2 and NH3, and one of a group SiH4 or SiH2 Cl2 is used with remote plasma and in situ plasma to produce improved deposition rate over the sum of the rates of in situ and remote plasmas used separately. As an example, the RF power is 100 watts in the process chamber at an 13.56 MHz and the remote plasma generator is operating at 400 watts at 2450 MHz. The gases used were Helium at 1000 sccm, one of a group of N2 and NH3 at 100 sccm, and one of a group SiH4 or SiH2 Cl2 at 50 sccm. The pressure can be 1 Torr and the temperature 25 degrees C. The SiH4 or SiH2 Cl2 is introduced into the process chamber through ring 1304 and remaining gas passes through the generator 1326. Surface damage can be reduced by increasing the pressure to greater than 1 Torr. The temperature can be within the range of 25 to 400 degrees C. This process results in improved results because of a synergistic effect between the remote and in situ plasmas. These results were obtained even though they had not been optimized for the particular conditions used, but they do show the synergistic advantage of combining these two effects. The surface damage is minimized while the deposition rate is improved. The remote and in situ plasmas can be separately controlled. This process can be used with silicon, GaAs, and HgCdTe substrates.
Another process useful with process module 1300 is for the etch of GaAs A gas mixture of Helium, CH4, and one of a group of CF4 or F2 is used with remote plasma and in situ plasma to produce improved etch rate over the sum of the rates of in situ and remote plasmas used separately. As an example, the RF power is 100 watts in the process chamber at an 13.56 MHz and the remote plasma generator is operating at 400 watts at 2450 MHz. The gases used were Helium at 1000 sccm, CH4 at 250 sccm, and CF4 or F2 at 100 sccm. The pressure can be 1 Torr and the temperature 25 degrees C. The CH4 is introduced into the process chamber through ring 1304 and remaining gas passes through the generator 1326. This process results in improved results because of a synergistic effect between the remote and in situ plasmas. These results were obtained even though they had not been optimized for the particular conditions used, but they do show the synergistic advantage of combining these two effects. The surface damage is minimized while the etch rate is improved. The remote and in situ plasmas can be separately controlled. The resultant etch is partially anisotropic. The level of anisotropy can be controlled by the relative RF plasma and microwave power levels, as well as the pressure.
Another process useful with process module 1300 is for the etch of ZnS or HgCdTe which form at least a part of a wafer. A gas mixture of a source of atomic fluorine mixed with a inert carrier such as Helium is utilized to generate a remote plasma. An in situ plasma is generated from at least the products of the remote plasma and an alkyl-bearing species. The powers used to generate the remote plasma and in situ plasma are separately controlled to produce improved etch rates. The remote and in situ plasmas produce an etch rate which is greater than the sum of the rates of in situ and remote plasmas used separately. Relative low power RF is used to generate an in situ plasma in conjunction with the remote plasma to provide an partially anisotropic etch with a relative high etch rate. Since the remote plasma and in situ plasma can be separately controlled, improved profile control and etch selectivities can be achieved. An in situ descum can be performed before the etch and a post-etch ashing utilizing a remote plasma formed from a source of oxygen. The alkyl-bearing process can be, for example, methane, ethane, mehtylfouoride, methylchlorides, methyliodide, or methylbromide. The source of atomic fluorine can be, for example, fluorine, CF4, SF6, NF3, C2 F6 or any other gaseous fluorine compound which releases its fluorine atoms in the presence of a plasma. The power used can be, for example, 250 watts or less for the RF and 400 watts for the MW. The flow rates can be 100 sccm for CF4, 125 sccm for Ch4, and 1000 sccm for Helium. The pressure can be, for example, 0.8 Torr. The surface damage is minimized while the etch rate is improved. The remote and in situ plasmas can be separately controlled. The resultant etch is partially anisotropic. The level of anisotropy can be controlled by the relative RF plasma and microwave power levels, as well as the pressure.
Another process useful with process module 1300 is for the ashing of photoresist. A gas mixture of Oxygen and an ashing enhancement gas, for example, one or more of the group of CF4, CHF3, H2, H2 O, HCl, HBr, Cl2, and N2 O, is used with remote plasma and in situ plasma to produce improved ashing rate over the sum of the rates of in situ and remote plasmas used separately. As an example, the RF power is 225 watts in the process chamber at an 13.56 MHz and the remote plasma generator is operating at 400 watts at 2450 MHz. The gasses used were CF4 at 43 sccm and Oxygen at 996 sccm. The pressure can be 0.63 Torr and the temperature 25 degrees C. All of the gas can be passed through the remote plasma generator 1326. This process results in improved results because of a synergistic effect between the remote and in situ plasmas. These results were obtained even though they had not been optimized for the particular conditions used, but they do show the synergistic advantage of combining these two effects. The surface damage is minimized while the ashing rate is improved. The remote and in situ plasmas can be separately controlled. The resultant ashing is partially anisotropic. The level of anisotropy can be controlled by the relative RF plasma and microwave power levels, as well as the pressure.
Another process useful with process module 1300 is for the etch of Silicon Nitride. A source of Fluorine and Helium were used with remote plasma and in situ plasma to produce improved etch rate over the sum of the rates of in situ and remote plasmas used separately. As an example, the RF power is 225 watts in the process chamber at an 13.56 MHz and the remote plasma generator is operating at 400 watts at 2450 MHz. The gases used were fluorine gas source, for example, CF4 at 200 sccm and Helium at 1000 sccm. Other sources of Fluorine can be F2, CHF3, C2 F6, SF6, or F3, singly or in any combination with CF4. The pressure can be 0.7 Torr and the temperature 25 degrees C. This process results in improved results because of a synergistic effect between the remote and in situ plasmas. These results were obtained even though they had not been optimized for the particular conditions used, but they do show the synergistic advantage of combining these two effects. The surface damage is minimized while the etch rate is improved. The remote and in situ plasmas can be separately controlled. The resultant etch is partially anisotropic. The level of anisotropy can be controlled by the relative RF plasma and microwave power levels, as well as the pressure.
A further process useful with process module 1300 is for the etch of polysilicon. A source of Fluorine and Helium were used with remote plasma and in situ plasma to produce improved etch rates of twice the sum of the remote and in situ plasmas alone. As an example, the RF power is 225 watts in the process chamber at an 13.56 MHz and the remote plasma generator is operating at 400 watts at 2450 MHz. The gases used were fluorine gas source, for example. CF4 at 200 sccm and Helium at 1000 sccm. Other sources of Fluorine can be F2, CHF3, C2 F6, SF6, or NF3 singly or in any combination with CF4. The pressure can be 0.7 Torr and the temperature 25 degrees C. This process results in improved results because of a synergistic effect between the remote and in situ plasmas. These results were obtained even though they had not been optimized for the particular conditions used, but they do show the synergistic advantage of combining these two effects. The surface damage is minimized while the etch rate is improved. The remote and in situ plasmas can be separately controlled. The resultant etch of the polysilicon is partially anisotropic. The level of anisotropy can be controlled by the relative RF plasma and microwave power levels, as well as the pressure.
Another process which utilizes remote and in situ plasmas is the etching of copper doped aluminum films. The process is carried out in, for example, module 1300 or module 680 of FIG. 24. A source of Chlorine, which can be, for example, Cl2, CCl4, or SiCl4, a source of hydrocarbon, for example, CH4, and BCl3 are used. The hydrocarbon can be omitted but a line width loss will occur. As an example, the RF power applied between the electrodes within the process chamber can be about 250 watts at 13.5 MHz. The remote plasma generator can be power at 400 watts with a frequency of 2450 MHz. The pressure with the process chamber, for example, chamber 1306 (FIG. 31) can be 0.15 Torr. The temperature within the process chamber can be at an ambient temperature, for example, about 25 degrees C. The gases used can be BCl3 at 80 sccm, Cl2 (chlorine) at 10 sccm, and a hydrocarbon source, for example, CH4 (methane) at 5 sccm. These results were obtained even though they are based on etch rates which were not very high since the flows had not been optimized for the particular conditions used, but they do show the synergistic advantage of combining these two effects. The gas from the gas distributor 1302 and the pipe 1322 can be the same or different as desired. This process allows the resultant etched surfaces to have reduced residues, for example, Copper Chloride. The etch is enhanced by the use of both remote and in situ plasma. This allows lower RF power to be used which reduces surface damage and maintains the integrity of the photoresist. The pressure should be from less than slightly above 1 Torr to less than one Torr.
Another useful process is an overetch of a tungsten material (a layer) to achieve selectivity to silicon dioxide and the desired anisotropy. A source of Fluorine, which can be, for example, CF4, C2 F6, HF, F2, NF3, or SF6, a source of hydrocarbon, for example, CH4 and HBr are used. The hydrocarbon and HBr can be omitted but an improved etch is provided if they are present. The hydrocarbon performs a side wall passivant during the etch which reduces the line width loss. As an example, first, the bulk of the tungsten layer is etched using, for example, one of the tungsten etch processes discussed herein. After this step, the etching continues utilizing remote and in situ plasma under the following conditions as an example. The RF power is 50 watts in the process chamber at an appropriate frequency and the remote plasma generator is operating at 400 watts. The gases can be a fluorine gas source, for example, SF6, at 40 sccm, a bromine source, for example, HBr at 13 sccm, and a hydrocarbon source, for example, CH4 (methane) at 5 sccm. The pressure can be 0.13 Torr and the temperature 25 degrees C. This process results in improved results because of a synergistic effect between the remote and in situ plasmas which provides an increased selectivity to silicon dioxide and photoresist. The etch is also improved by allowing the separate adjustment of microwave (MW) and radio frequency (RF) power during the plasma generation. The pressure should be from about 0.1 Torr to about 5 Torr.
It has been found that a combination of a hydrocarbon with a bromine source provides a very potent passivating chemistry for fluorine-based etches. For example, one embodiment which has been successfully demonstrated is as follows: The starting structure included a thin film of tungsten. Initial gas flows included 50 sccm of SF6, 5 sccm of CH4, and 15 sccm of HBr, at a total pressure of 250 milliTorr and an applied RF power level of 500 Watts. After the pattern had begun to clear, an additional flow of 20 sccm of WF6 was added, as will be further discussed below. The resulting structure showed nearly vertical etched sidewalls, only slight linewidth erosion, and excellent selectivity to resist.
By increasing the fraction of CH4 and also that of the bromine source, even more robust passivant action can be achieved. The following conditions produce were found, for example, to produce zero linewidth erosion: 40 sccm of SF6, 15 sccm of CF4, and 25 sccm of HBr at a total pressure of 470 milliTorr and an applied RF power level of 400 Watts. The use of relatively high total pressure assists in maintaining uniformity.
If the rate of passivant deposition is increased still further, negative etch bias can be achieved. In a sample embodiment, a thin film of tungsten was etched using the following initial gas flows: 50 sccm of SF6, 18 sccm of CF4, and 25 sccm of HBr, at a total pressure of 470 milliTorr and an applied RF power level of 400 Watts. The resist pattern used had 2.7 micron minimum pitch (1.7 micron minimum line width and 1 micron minimum space width). The use of this chemistry was found to produce finally etched space widths of 0.6 to 0.7 microns. Thus, this chemistry provided a "negative etch bias" of approximately 0.15-0.2 micron. As an upper limit, further experiments demonstrated that increasing the flow of methane to 21 sccm. without changing the other conditions, shut down the etch entirely, i.e. the tungsten etch rate went to zero.
It has also been discovered that this class of passivating chemistries provides a highly anisotropic silicon etch. One specific sample embodiment, which was successfully demonstrated by experiment used an etch chemistry as follows: Initial gas flows included 50 sccm of SF6, 5 sccm of CH4, and 15 sccm of HBr at a total pressure of 250 milliTorr and an applied RF power level of 500 Watts.
Another, alternative, family of chemistries for fluoro-etching uses a feed gas mixture which includes a fluorine source such as SF6), plus a bromine source, such as HBr, plus a very weak oxygen source (e.g., carbon monoxide). This chemistry provides anisotropic high rate fluoro-etching with good selectivity to photoresist.
Another, alternative, family of chemistries for fluoro-etching uses a feed gas mixture which includes a fluorine source (such as SF6) plus a fluorosilane (e.g., SiF4), plus a bromine source (such as HBr), plus a weak oxygen source such as carbon monoxide. This chemistry provides anisotropic high rate fluoro-etching with good selectivity to photoresist.
A sample embodiment of this process has been successfully demonstrated as follows: The starting structure included a thin film of tungsten, covered by a patterned and developed layer of organic photoresist material. Initial gas flows included 25 sccm of SiF4, 25 sccm of SF6, 25 sccm of HBr, and 30 sccm of CO at a total pressure of 350 milliTorr and an applied RF power level of 175 Watts. During the overetch period an additional flow of 30 sccm of WF6 is added to the other flows described, to avoid resist erosion. The resulting structure showed nearly vertical etched sidewalls, only slight linewidth erosion, and approximately 3 to 1 selectivity to the photoresist.
Another process which is adapted for use with process module 1300 is a low pressure silicon nitride etch. This etch utilizes a remote plasma gas mixture of SF6 flowing at 100 sccm and He flowing at 5000 sccm. The substrate has a temperature of 25 degrees C., RF plasma was not generated. The etch rate of the silicon nitride was 37 angstroms per minute. The silicon dioxide was observed not to have etched. An addition source of Fluorine could be used such as F2, CF4, or C2 F6. These additional sources may reduce the selectivity of the etch to silicon oxide. The etch rate can be increase by the additional use of RF in situ plasma. This process is also useful for GaAs and HgCdTe processing.
In another process, after one of the tungsten etches described above has etched most of the tungsten film the present process is utilized to provide an etch which is both anisotropic and selective to silicon dioxide and photoresist by utilizing both remote and in situ plasmas. The gas mixture used was comprised of SF6 at 40 sccm, HBr at 13 sccm, and a source of hydrocarbons, for example, CH4 (methane) at 5 sccm. The pressure and temperature used were 0.13 Torr and 25 degrees (ambient) C., respectively. The RF and W power used to produce the in situ and remote plasmas were 40 and 400 watts, respectively. The in situ and remote plasmas produce a synergistic effect which results in improved etch characteristics, including selectivity and anisotropy. This includes the separate control of the generation of the remote and in situ plasmas.
In FIG. 33, a wafer carrier 10 is shown with its door 14 is open. Transfer arm 28 is shown transferring a wafer 48 between carrier 10 and a platform 1500. The arm 28 acts as discussed above in connection with FIGS. 1, 3, and 4. The arm 28 is located within a load lock chamber 1502, which is similar to chamber 12. The platform 1500 can be hinged to rotate along its bottom side from vertical position to the horizontal position shown in FIG. 33. The platform would form a seal with the chamber 1502. This would allow a vacuum to be formed by pump 1504 within chamber 1502. Alternatively, a door or isolation gate (not shown) can be included to provide an sealable opening through chamber 1502 for arm to extend to platform 1500. The carrier 10 which contains wafers in vacuum is placed into chamber 1502. The chamber 1502 is pumped down to the desired vacuum by pump 1504. A particle counter, similar to counter 850, can be used to monitor the particles within chamber 1502. The door 14 would not be opened until the desired particle conditions are obtained as discussed herein with reference to the various Figures including FIGS. 11 and 31. A purge can be conducted if desired. Once the desired vacuum is established the door 14 is opened. The chamber 1502 is then vented to ambient pressure by introducing a clean gas, for example, N2 (nitrogen). The platform, door, or isolation gate is opened. The arm 28 can reach into carrier 10 under a wafer 48. The arm is raise slightly to lift the wafer. This is the leftmost position in FIG. 33. The arm is the moved out through opening 1510 in chamber 1502. The wafer 48 contacts at its circumference 49 three pins 50 (only two are shown in FIG. 33). The wafer 48 is shown with its face 54, which is to have devices or integrated circuits constructed therein and/or thereon. In the rightmost position in FIG. 33, arm 28 is shown positioned over platform 1500. The platform 1500 has three pins 1512 (only two are shown in FIG. 33) similar to pins 53 in FIGS. 1, 3, and 4. The arm is lower slightly to place wafer 48 onto the pins 1512.
The wafer 48 can then be picked up by another transport mechanism 1520. The transport mechanism 1520 can be another transport arm similar to arm 28 or appropriate mechanism. All of the wafers could be transferred to the platform 1500 one wafer at a time. In the alternative, one wafer could be processed within a non-vacuum processing system (not shown) after transport thereto by mechanism 1520, returned to platform 1500, and then to carrier 10. The next wafer could then be transferred to platform 1500 form carrier 10. When it desired to close carrier 10, it is necessary to close the platform, door, or isolation gate. Vacuum is applied to chamber 1502 and the chamber is again purged using a gas, for example, N2. The particular counter can be monitored by computer control system 206 and the door 14 closed after the desired conditions are met. The wafers can be transferred by arm 28 face down as described herein. The computer control system 206 (FIGS. 10 and 31) would provide the necessary control to arm 28 and chamber 1502.
The general configuration shown in FIG. 34 is similar to that in FIG. 33. However, the wafers, for example, wafer 48 are not placed on a platform but rather are placed into a non-vacuum carrier 1540 by arm 28. One or more wafers (or all) can be placed into carrier 1540. The carrier 1540 is located on a support, for example, extending from chamber 1502. A transport mechanism 1542, which can be a robotic arm, has a hand 1544 and a claw 1546 which is adapted to grip and move carrier 1540 to the non-vacuum processing equipment (not shown) which could be, for example, for photolithography. The carrier 1540 can also be moved and replaced by other means, for example, manually. The pump down sequence and the general operation has been discussed above in connection with FIG. 33.
The transfer mechanisms in FIGS. 35 and 36 are generally similar to those shown in FIGS. 33 and 34, respectively. A wafer carrier 10 is shown with its door 14 is open. A platform 1600 is shown receiving a wafer 48 from arm 28. The arm 28 acts as discussed above in connection with FIGS. 1, 3, and 4. The arm 28 is located within a load lock chamber 1602, which is similar to chamber 12 (shown FIGS. 1, 3 and 4). The platform 1600 is similar to platform 1500 shown FIG. 33 and rotates along its bottom side from vertical position to the horizontal position shown in FIG. 35. The platform would form a seal with the chamber 1602. This would allow a vacuum to be formed by pump 1604 within chamber 1602. Alternatively, a door or isolation gate (not shown) can included to provide an sealable opening through chamber 1602 for arm to extend to platform 1600. The carrier 10 which contains wafers in vacuum is placed into chamber 1602. The chamber 1602 is pumped down to the desired vacuum by pump 1604. A particle counter, similar to counter 850, can be used to monitor the particles within chamber 1602. The door 14 would not be opened until the desired particle conditions are obtained as discussed herein with reference to the various Figures including FIGS. 11 and 31. Once the desired vacuum is established the door 14 is opened. The chamber 1602 can be purged by introducing a clean gas, for example, N2 (nitrogen) as discussed above in connection with the chamber 12 and the process modules. The platform, door, or isolation gate is opened. The arm 28 can reach into carrier 10 under a wafer 48. The arm is raised slightly to lift the wafer. This is the leftmost position in FIG. 35. The arm is the moved out through opening 1610 in chamber 1602. The wafer is resting on three pins 50 (only two are shown in FIG. 35). In the rightmost position in FIG. 35, arm 28 is shown positioned over platform 1600. The platform 1600 has three pins 1612 (only two are shown in FIG. 35) similar to pins 53 in FIGS. 1, 3, and 4. The arm is lower slightly to place wafer 48 onto the pins 1612.
The wafer 48 can then be picked up by another transport mechanism 1620 which is located within vacuum enclosure 1621. This enclosure 1621 is not similar to the standardized modules shown herein, which have basically the same shape, transfer, and closure mechanisms. The transport mechanism 1620 can be another transport arm similar to arm 28 or appropriate mechanism. All of the wafers could be transferred to the platform 1600 one wafer at a time. In the alternative, one wafer could be processed within the non-standard processing module (not shown except for chamber 1621) under vacuum after transport by mechanism 1620, returned to platform 1600, and then to carrier 10. The next wafer could then be transferred to platform 1600 from carrier 10. When it desired to close carrier 10, it is necessary to close the platform, door, or isolation gate. Vacuum is applied to chamber 1602 and the chamber is again purged using a gas, for example, N2. The particular counter can be monitored by computer control system 206 and the door 14 closed after the desired conditions are met. The wafers can be transferred by arm 28 face down as described herein. The computer control system 206 (FIGS. 10 and 31) would provide the necessary control to arm 28 and chamber 1602.
The general configuration shown in FIG. 36 is similar to that in FIG. 35. However, the wafers, for example, wafer 48 are not placed on a platform but rather are placed into a non sealable carrier 1640 by arm 28. One or more wafers (or all) can be placed into carrier 1640. A transport mechanism 1642 has a hand 1644 and a claw 1646 which is adapted to grip and move carrier 1640 to the processing equipment, which is not of the standardized module type as shown herein. The carrier 1640 can also be moved and replaced by other means, for example, manually. The pump down sequence and the general operation has been discussed above in connection with FIG. 35.
A process module 2000 is shown in FIG. 37. Many of the components of process module 2000 as similar to the components of other modules discussed above. The carrier 10 and chamber 12 operate as discussed above in connection with FIGS. 1, 3, and 4 above. The wafer 48 is shown is with in carrier 10 at its leftmost position and in transit within chamber 12 in its middle position. The type of particle control discussed above in connection with FIG. 11 can be used with module 2000 and the other modules disclosed herein. Wafer 48 in its rightmost position is disposed within a process chamber 2002. A remote plasma generator 2010 generates a remote plasma using microwave energy from the gas mixture supplied through pipe 2012. The feed 250 provides the remote plasma from generator 2010 to chamber 2002. Pipes 2020 and 2022 are connected through a vacuum connection to ultraviolet space 2024 and chamber 2002, respectively. Pipes 2020 and 2022 are connected to gas distribution rings 2026 and 2028, respectively. Space 2024 is located below chamber 2002. A quartz baffle 2030 separates spaces 2024 from chamber 2002. The feed 250 has a slip-fit with quartz baffle 2030. The quartz baffle 2030 has a basic H-shape in cross-section with feed 250 passing through the center of the crossbar. Ring 2026 is located with space 2024 and ring 2028 is located within chamber 2002.
The module 2000 has a pump 2040 and a valve 2042. The quartz baffle forms a part of the sides and bottom of chamber 2002. The quartz baffle is shown in FIG. 37 in its upper or closed position. The bellows 2032 provides the vertical movement for quartz baffle 2030. A heat module 2050 is located above chamber 2002. A transparent plate 2052 separates heating module 2050 and chamber 2002. The heat from heating module 2050 is radiantly coupled to wafer 48 through plate 2052. The plate 2052 forms the top of chamber 2002 in the closed position as shown in FIG. 37. The wafer 48 with its face 54 downward is located just below plate 2052.
The heating module 2050 is provided with two rings 2060 and 2062 of heating elements. Ring 2060 is located outside of ring 2062. Each ring is comprised of a plurality of heat lamps, for example, 24 in ring 2060 and 12 in ring 2062. The rings are separately controllable. A reflector 2070 is adapted to directed the heat from the rings 2060 and 2062 through plate 2052. The heating module 2050 will be discussed in detail in connection with FIGS. 38, 39, and 40. FIGS. 38, 39, and 40 show modifications to the basic process module 2000 shown in FIG. 37. Therefore, the discussion of FIGS. 38, 39, and 40 will be primarily focused on the differences between the Figures.
FIG. 38 show process module 2000 with the heating module 2050 and two lamps 2100 and 2102 from ring 2060 and two lamps 2104 and 2106 from ring 2062. Reflector 2070 is also shown in FIG. 38. The power supplies connect to the lamps for ring 2060 and ring 2062 are separately controlled by computer control system 206. This allows a greater variety of heating configurations to be available as required. A heater space 2110 is located between the rings 2060 and 2062 and a portion of reflector 2070, and the plate 2052. The heater space is located above and extends laterally beyond plate 2052. The feed 250 and rings 2026 and 2028 are located as discussed above in connection with FIG. 37. Quartz baffle 2030 is shown in cross-section. A vertical axis 2120 is shown extending through a central portion of module 2000. Feed 250, baffle 2030, rings 2026 and 2028, plate 2052, reflector 2070, and rings 2100 and 2102 are concentric about axis 2120. The baffle 2030 and rings 2026 and 2028 are moved vertically along axis 2120 by bellows 2032. The chamber 2002 is shown in its closed position with the quartz cylinder 2210 against fixed upper support 2212. A seal 2214 as discussed herein can be provided to provide the necessary separation between chamber 2002 and the remainder of the interior of module 2000. A generally downward flow from chamber 2002 is provided by pump 2040 (FIG. 37).
Two electrodes 2230 and 2232 provide the vertical walls for space 2024. Electrodes 2230 and 2232 are cylinders concentric with axis 2120. Electrode 2230 is disposed about electrode 2232. The electrodes 2230 and 2232 provide the necessary power to excite the gas introduced into space 2024 from ring 2026, as discussed above in connection with the other process modules which have ultraviolet light generation capability. Electrical contact to electrodes 2230 and 2232 is through conductors 2240 and 2242. The power supplied would be from a power supply controlled by computer control system 206 as described above. A sensor array 2244 extends upward along the exterior wall of baffle 2030, over the top of the baffle, and horizontally into chamber 2002. A plurality of temperature sensors 2246 (three are shown in FIGS. 38, 39, and 40 although the number can vary) are disposed on the horizontal portion of array 2244. The sensors 2246 are located just below the face 54 of the wafer 48 to measure the temperature at the area where they are disposed. An opening 2250 in plate 2052 extends from the circumference of plate 2052 horizontally to the center and then downward to the lower surface of plate 2052. Opening 2250 will be discussed in detail herebelow. Fingers 2260 (only one of three fingers is shown in FIG. 38) hold the wafer 48 against plate 2052 and are similar to the fingers 53. The array 2244 can be utilized with the other heating modules shown herein, for example, that shown in FIGS. 18 and 19.
The reflector 2070 has a portion with a conic frustum with a flat tip 2272 with a cone shaped surface 2274 extending upward and away from the flat tip 2272. The flat tip 2272. The center of flat tip 2272 is coincident with axis 2120. The surfaces of the reflector 2070 will now be discussed and it should be appreciated that they are shown in cross-section in FIG. 38. Another cone shaped surface 2276 extends upward and away from axis 2120 at greater angle than surface 2274. From surface 2276, a horizontal surface 2278 extends perpendicular to axis 2120 to a cone shaped surface 2280. Surface 2280 extends away from surface 2278 downward and outward from axis 2120 to a horizontal surface 2282. The horizontal surface 2282 extends from surface 2280 outward perpendicular to axis 2120 to another cone shaped surface 2284. From surface 2282, surface 2284 extends downward and outward from axis 2120. The outward most part of surface 2284 is at approximately the same distance along axis 2102 as tip 2272. Surfaces 2274 and 2276 meet at about the same distance along axis 2120 as surface 2282 is located. The tip 2272 and surfaces 2274, 2276, 2278, 2280, 2282, and 2284 form the upper portion of reflector 2070. Tip 2272 is spaced from plate 2052.
The lower portion of reflector 2070 has a cylindrical surface 2290 which is concentric about axis 2120. The lower end of surface 2290 extends below wafer 48 and is separated from chamber 2002 by a ring shaped foot 2292 of plate 2052 which extends downward beyond wafer 48. Foot 2292 extends outside the circumference of wafer 48 and is spaced therefrom. In other words, foot 2292 extends from the main body of plate 2052 downward a distance along axis 2120 greater than wafer 48 as shown in FIG. 38. From surface 2290, the reflector 2070 has a cone shaped surface 2300 which extends upward and away from axis 2120. A horizontal surface 2302 extends outward perpendicular to axis 2120 from its connection to surface 2300. The upper and lower portions of reflector are not connected although each forms a continuous surface. The surface 2284 is at about the same distance along axis 2120 as surface 2274 and the heat elements of lamps 2100 and 2102. Surface 2284 can be at an angle to reflect heat from lamps 2100 and 2102 approximately parallel to surface 2300 and onto the wafer with a greater concentration of the heat directed onto the area adjacent its circumference. The heat elements of lamps 2104 and 2106 are about the same distance along axis 2120 as surfaces 2276 and 2280. The surfaces 2276 and 2280 reflect heat from lamps 2104 and 2106 onto wafer 48 with a greater concentration of the heat from the lamps directed onto the central area of the wafer. Surface 2300 can be angled to reflect heat upward and toward axis 2120 and onto surface 2276. Surface 2302 also directs heat upward for reflection downward. Surface 2290 directs additional heat horizontally toward axis 2120 and onto the edge. In general the surfaces and tip of reflector 2070 direct and redirect heat through space 2110 to provide the maximum amount of heat onto the wafer 48. The particular reflector 2070 shown herein is only one way of implementing a reflector for heating module 2050. Since the wafer 48 is against plate 2052, the upward facing face of wafer 48 is protected during depositions.
The module 2000 is shown in FIGS. 39 and 40 along with heating module 2050 and reflector 2070 are the same as those shown in FIG. 38 and will not be discussed further. The rings 2026 and 2028, baffle 2030, plate 2052, feed 250 and in general the entire configuration of the lower part of the module 2000 are approximately the same and only the modifications will be discussed.
In FIG. 39, an electrode 2310 is located between wafer and plate 2052. The plate 2052 is conductive and can be made of, for example, graphite or silicon. Conductor 2312 is attached to electrode 2310 near its edge. Fingers 2260 bring wafer 48 into contact with electrode 2310 when the chamber 2002 is closed as shown in FIG. 39. It should be noted that the fingers 2260 have a notch 2330 which allows the wafer to lie in the notch with the upper ends of the fingers to rest against plate 2052 with the wafer held against electrode 2310, or as shown in FIG. 38, against plate 2054. However, the pins 53 in FIGS. 1, 3, and 4 could also be used. The heat from module 2050 is directed onto electrode 2310 except at the circumference of wafer 48 by surface 2290 directing heat toward axis 2120. The sensors 2246 also provide the same function of providing the temperature of the wafer at various locations, for example, adjacent the circumference, at about one half of the radius, and adjacent the center. This arrangement allows the use of in situ plasma. The RF power would be applied to electrode 2310 and cylindrical support 2311. This would allow the RF enhanced plasma as discussed above to be utilized for the above described processes and for chamber cleanup as described above.
In FIG. 40, the fingers 2260 have a deeper notch 2332 than notch 2330 which allows the tips of fingers 2260 to rest against plate 2310 while the wafer 48 remains spaced from plate 2310 by a space 2234. The opening 2250 in plate 2052 provides a purge gas, for example, an inert gas such as Helium and H2 to the upward facing face of wafer 48 which prevents deposition on that side of the wafer. The sensors 2246 perform the same function as in FIGS. 38 and 39. The surface 2290 of reflector 2070 extends far enough down to direct heat onto the circumference of wafer 48. The various modifications of module 2000 shown in FIGS. 37, 38, 39, and 40 show the flexibility of the basic module concept with improved heating at the circumference of the wafer.
Unless specifically stated otherwise above the power and frequencies used for RF and MW plasma and ultraviolet light can be widely varied, as can the other process parameters. The term low pressure as used herein indicates a pressure which is less than ambient pressure.
All of the process modules disclosed herein can be utilized with one or more of the chamber 12 and arm 28 as shown in FIGS. 1, 3, 4, 5A, and 5B. Although silicon, GaAs, and HgCdTe examples are shown herein wafers made of other materials such as germanium, etc. can be utilized. The wafers can be comprised of many different configurations, for example, a single piece of crystal material or small crystals located on a larger substrate. The plasma produced as disclosed herein will include free radicals. Although wafers such as wafer 48 are disclosed herein other types of flat workpieces could be used with the techniques disclosed herein.
The result of processing the wafer 48 can be electronic devices, for example, integrated circuits or discrete semiconductor devices. Once the processing is completed the wafers are divided into devices. The circuits and devices are enclosed into packages, for example, as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,465,898 issued to Orcutt et al on Aug. 14, 1984 and 3,439,238 issued to Birchler et al on Apr. 15, 1969, which are incorporated hereinto by reference. These packages are then utilized in the construction of printed circuit boards. The printer circuits boards, which cannot operate without the packaged integrated circuits and devices to perform their intended functions, are the required electrical components within computers, photocopiers, printers, telecommunication equipment, calculators, and all of the other electronic equipment which are an essential ingredients of the electronic and information age. Thus electronic equipment cannot function with the circuits and devices.
The present application describes a processing system and a number of classes of process stations and a number of classes of processing methods, which respectively contain numerous additional features which serve to provide further advantages.
It is an advantage of the present invention to provide a module that has separate energy sources for internal remote MW (Microwave) plasma generation, RF in situ plasma generation, and radiant heat applied to the same process chamber within the module.
It is an advantage of the present invention to provide a module that has separately controllable energy sources for internal remote MW (Microwave) plasma generation, RF in situ plasma generation, and radiant heat.
It is an advantage of the present invention to provide a module that has separate energy sources for internal remote MW (Microwave) plasma generation, RF in situ plasma generation, and radiant heat, which can be used singly or in any combination.
It is an advantage of the present invention to provide a module with a capability of combined deposition, etch, and planarization.
It is an advantage of the present invention to provide dry in situ cleanup with remote and in situ plasma.
It is an advantage of the present invention to provide a process module that is adapted for high temperature native oxide removal.
It is an advantage of the present invention to provide a process module having enhanced film deposition utilizing Radiant Heat.
It is an advantage of the present invention to provide a process module capable of low temperature epitaxial film growth with remote MW (Microwave) plasma source combined with radiant heat.
It is an advantage of the present invention to provide a process module with a quartz plate at one side of the workpiece through which the radiant heat is applied.
It is an advantage of the present invention to provide a process module with higher dry etch rates and higher selectiveness, including isotropic and anisoptropic processes, by using in situ RF and remote MW plasma in combination.
It is an advantage of the present invention to provide a process module which is adapted for pre-etch, etch, and post etch processes.
It is an advantage of the present invention to provide a process module with is adapted for direct react and/or rapid thermal precesses.
It is an advantage of the present invention to provide a process module with higher dry etch rates and higher selectiveness by using in situ RF, remote MW plasma, and radiant head in any combination.
It is an advantage of the present invention to provide a process module which can sequentially perform several different process without moving the wafer.
Having described the invention in connection with certain specific embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that further modifications may now suggest themselves to those skilled in the art, it is intended to cover all such modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims.
1. A vacuum process module capable of receiving a workpiece comprising:
(a) a process chamber;
(b) a remote plasma generator remote from and in fluid communication with said process chamber;
(c) an in situ plasma generator within said process chamber; and
(d) a radiant heater coupled to said process chamber.
2. The module as set forth in claim 1 wherein the workpiece has its face to be process facing downward.
3. The module as set forth in claim 1 wherein said remote generator, said in situ generator, and said heater are separately controlled to operate singly.
4. The module as set forth in claim 1 wherein said remote generator, said in situ generator, and said heater are separately controlled to operate with each other in any combination.
5. The module as set forth in claim 1 wherein said radiant heater is located above said workpiece during processing.
6. The module as set forth in claim 1 wherein said in situ plasma generates a plasma below said workpiece and said in situ plasma generator has electrodes above and below said workpiece.
7. The module as set forth in claim 1 wherein the plasma from said remote plasma generator is introduce to the surface from below said workpiece.
8. The module as set forth in claim 1 wherein the workpiece is a wafer.
(a) a plasma generator generating at least free radicals remote and in fluid communication with the workpiece; and
(b) a heater coupled to said workpiece.
10. The module as set forth in claim 9 wherein the workpiece has its face to be processed facing downward.
11. The module as set forth in claim 9 wherein said remote generator and said heater are separately controlled to operate singly.
12. The module as set forth in claim 9 wherein said remote generator and said heater are separately controlled to operate in any combination.
13. The module as set forth in claim 9 wherein said heater is located above said workpiece during processing.
14. The module as set forth in claim 9 wherein the plasma from said remote plasma generator is introduce to the surface from below said workpiece.
15. The module as set forth in claim 9 wherein the workpiece is a wafer.
16. A vacuum process module capable of receiving a workpiece comprising:
(a) an in-situ plasma generator coupled to said workpiece; and
17. The module as set forth in claim 16 wherein workpiece has its face to be processed facing downward.
18. The module as set forth in claim 16 wherein said in-situ generator and said heater are separately controlled to operate singly.
19. The module as set forth in claim 16 wherein said in-situ generator and said heater are separately controlled to operate in any combination.
20. The module as set forth in claim 16 wherein said heater is located above said workpiece during processing.
21. The module as set forth in claim 16 wherein the workpiece is a wafer.
22. The module as set forth in claim 16 wherein said in situ plasma is generated below said workpiece and said in situ plasma generator has electrodes above and below said workpiece.
(a) a plasma generator for generating free radicals remote from and in fluid communication with said workpiece; and
(b) at least a first energy source coupled to said workpiece.
24. The module as set forth in claim 23 wherein said first energy source is an in situ plasma generator.
25. The module as set forth in claim 23 wherein said first energy source is a heater.
26. The module as set forth in claim 23 wherein said first energy source is a source of ultraviolet light.
28. The module as set forth in clalm 23 wherein said plasma generator and said first energy source are separately controlled to operate singly.
29. The module as set forth in claim 23 wherein said plasma generator and said first energy source are separately controlled to operate in any combination.
33. A vacuum process module comprising:
(b) a plasma generator remote from and in fluid communication with said process chamber; and
(c) at least a first energy source within said process chamber.
37. The module as set forth in claim 33 wherein said plasma generator and said first energy source are separately controlled to operate singly.
(a) a remote plasma generator in fluid communication with said workpiece;
(b) an in situ plasma generator coupled to said workpiece; and
(c) a heater coupled to said workpiece.
40. The module as set forth in claim 39 wherein workpiece as its face to be process facing downward.
41. The module as set forth in claim 39 wherein said remote generator, said in situ generator, and said heater are separately controlled to operate singly.
42. The module as set forth in claim 39 wherein said remote generator, said in situ generator, and said heater are separately controlled to operate in any combination.
43. The module as set forth in claim 39 wherein said heater is a radiant heater.
46. The module as set forth in claim 39 wherein the plasma from said remote plasma generator is introduce to the surface from below said workpiece.
48. A method for cleanup of a processing chamber comprising the steps of:
(a) introducing free radicals to the process chamber; and
(b) removing undesired deposits from the processing chamber.
49. The method of claim 48 further including coupling a second energy source to said chamber.
50. The method of claim 49 wherein said second energy source is radiant energy.
51. The method of claim 49 wherein said second energy source is radio frequency energy.
52. The process as set forth in claim 49 wherein said introducing free radicals and said coupling an energy source occur simultaneously.
US07/074,422 1987-07-16 1987-07-16 Method for cleanup processing chamber and vacuum process module Expired - Lifetime US4820377A (en)
US07/074,422 US4820377A (en) 1987-07-16 1987-07-16 Method for cleanup processing chamber and vacuum process module
DE19883873847 DE3873847D1 (en) 1987-07-16 1988-06-23 Treatment apparatus and method.
EP19880110010 EP0299247B1 (en) 1987-07-16 1988-06-23 Processing apparatus and method
DE19883873847 DE3873847T2 (en) 1987-07-16 1988-06-23 Treatment apparatus and method.
KR88008773A KR970000205B1 (en) 1987-07-16 1988-07-14 Apparatus and method for manufacturing integrated circuit & other electronic equipment
JP63175337A JP2840071B2 (en) 1987-07-16 1988-07-15 Processing apparatus and method
US07/074,422 Expired - Lifetime US4820377A (en) 1987-07-16 1987-07-16 Method for cleanup processing chamber and vacuum process module
DE (2) DE3873847D1 (en)
US5129958A (en) * 1989-09-22 1992-07-14 Applied Materials, Inc. Cleaning method for semiconductor wafer processing apparatus
US5225036A (en) * 1988-03-28 1993-07-06 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Method of manufacturing semiconductor device
US5294320A (en) * 1990-02-09 1994-03-15 Applied Materials, Inc. Apparatus for cleaning a shield in a physical vapor deposition chamber
US5417826A (en) * 1992-06-15 1995-05-23 Micron Technology, Inc. Removal of carbon-based polymer residues with ozone, useful in the cleaning of plasma reactors
US5421957A (en) * 1993-07-30 1995-06-06 Applied Materials, Inc. Low temperature etching in cold-wall CVD systems
US5683173A (en) * 1990-01-19 1997-11-04 Applied Materials, Inc. Cooling chamber for a rapid thermal heating apparatus
US5885356A (en) * 1994-11-30 1999-03-23 Applied Materials, Inc. Method of reducing residue accumulation in CVD chamber using ceramic lining
US5930456A (en) * 1998-05-14 1999-07-27 Ag Associates Heating device for semiconductor wafers
US5928964A (en) * 1995-12-21 1999-07-27 Texas Instruments Incorporated System and method for anisotropic etching of silicon nitride
US5960158A (en) * 1997-07-11 1999-09-28 Ag Associates Apparatus and method for filtering light in a thermal processing chamber
US6016383A (en) * 1990-01-19 2000-01-18 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus and method including an infrared camera to measure substrate temperature
US6015761A (en) * 1996-06-26 2000-01-18 Applied Materials, Inc. Microwave-activated etching of dielectric layers
US6072160A (en) * 1996-06-03 2000-06-06 Applied Materials, Inc. Method and apparatus for enhancing the efficiency of radiant energy sources used in rapid thermal processing of substrates by energy reflection
US6168672B1 (en) * 1998-03-06 2001-01-02 Applied Materials Inc. Method and apparatus for automatically performing cleaning processes in a semiconductor wafer processing system
US6170492B1 (en) * 1998-06-15 2001-01-09 Applied Materials, Inc. Cleaning process end point determination using throttle valve position
US6210484B1 (en) 1998-09-09 2001-04-03 Steag Rtp Systems, Inc. Heating device containing a multi-lamp cone for heating semiconductor wafers
US6254717B1 (en) * 1998-04-23 2001-07-03 Sandia Corporation Method and apparatus for monitoring plasma processing operations
US6310328B1 (en) 1998-12-10 2001-10-30 Mattson Technologies, Inc. Rapid thermal processing chamber for processing multiple wafers
US6397861B1 (en) * 1998-08-11 2002-06-04 Novellus Systems, Inc. Situ plasma clean gas injection
US20020133256A1 (en) * 1996-09-11 2002-09-19 Kouji Nishihata Operating method of vacuum processing system and vacuum processing system
US6467490B1 (en) * 1998-08-31 2002-10-22 Texas Instruments Incorporated Process for using a high nitrogen concentration plasma for fluorine removal from a reactor
US6564810B1 (en) 2000-03-28 2003-05-20 Asm America Cleaning of semiconductor processing chambers
US6569257B1 (en) * 2000-11-09 2003-05-27 Applied Materials Inc. Method for cleaning a process chamber
US6596123B1 (en) * 2000-01-28 2003-07-22 Applied Materials, Inc. Method and apparatus for cleaning a semiconductor wafer processing system
US20030221708A1 (en) * 2002-06-04 2003-12-04 Chun-Hao Ly Method of cleaning a semiconductor process chamber
US20040000321A1 (en) * 2002-07-01 2004-01-01 Applied Materials, Inc. Chamber clean method using remote and in situ plasma cleaning systems
US6717158B1 (en) 1999-01-06 2004-04-06 Mattson Technology, Inc. Heating device for heating semiconductor wafers in thermal processing chambers
US20040077511A1 (en) * 2002-10-17 2004-04-22 Applied Materials, Inc. Method for performing fluorocarbon chamber cleaning to eliminate fluorine memory effect
US6749717B1 (en) 1997-02-04 2004-06-15 Micron Technology, Inc. Device for in-situ cleaning of an inductively-coupled plasma chambers
US20040139983A1 (en) * 2003-01-16 2004-07-22 Applied Materials, Inc. Cleaning of CVD chambers using remote source with CXFYOZ based chemistry
US20040157349A1 (en) * 2003-02-06 2004-08-12 Lam Research Corporation Phase control of megasonic RF generator for optimum operation
US20040154637A1 (en) * 2003-02-06 2004-08-12 Lam Research Corporation Megasonic cleaning efficiency using auto-tuning of an RF generator at constant maximum efficiency
US20040174155A1 (en) * 2003-02-06 2004-09-09 Lam Research Corporation System, method and apparatus for constant voltage control of RF generator for optimum operation
US6852242B2 (en) 2001-02-23 2005-02-08 Zhi-Wen Sun Cleaning of multicompositional etchant residues
US20050109461A1 (en) * 2001-05-24 2005-05-26 Sheng Sun Chamber cleaning via rapid thermal process during a cleaning period
US20050252529A1 (en) * 2004-05-12 2005-11-17 Ridgeway Robert G Low temperature CVD chamber cleaning using dilute NF3
US20060018639A1 (en) * 2003-10-27 2006-01-26 Sundar Ramamurthy Processing multilayer semiconductors with multiple heat sources
US6998349B2 (en) 2003-02-06 2006-02-14 Lam Research Corporation System, method and apparatus for automatic control of an RF generator for maximum efficiency
US20060175014A1 (en) * 2005-02-10 2006-08-10 Michael Cox Specimen surface treatment system
US20070271814A1 (en) * 2004-08-18 2007-11-29 Bae Sun C Apparatus For Automatically Drying And Method For Controlling The Same
US20080035169A1 (en) * 2005-10-17 2008-02-14 Oc Oerlikon Balzers Ag Cleaning means for large area pecvd devices using a remote plasma source
US20080066778A1 (en) * 2006-09-19 2008-03-20 Asm Japan K.K. Method of cleaning uv irradiation chamber
US20080142055A1 (en) * 2006-12-19 2008-06-19 Lam Research, Corp. Megasonic precision cleaning of semiconductor process equipment components and parts
US20080242095A1 (en) * 2007-03-26 2008-10-02 Ky-Hyun Han Method for forming trench in semiconductor device
US20080289650A1 (en) * 2007-05-24 2008-11-27 Asm America, Inc. Low-temperature cleaning of native oxide
US20090042366A1 (en) * 2007-08-07 2009-02-12 Grivna Gordon M Semiconductor die singulation method
US20090139540A1 (en) * 2007-11-30 2009-06-04 Applied Materials, Inc. Repairing surface defects and cleaning residues from plasma chamber components
US20090152459A1 (en) * 2007-11-13 2009-06-18 Carl Zeiss Nts Gmbh System and Method for Processing an Object
US7871937B2 (en) 2008-05-16 2011-01-18 Asm America, Inc. Process and apparatus for treating wafers
US20110175225A1 (en) * 2010-01-18 2011-07-21 Seddon Michael J Method of forming an em protected semiconductor die
US20110177675A1 (en) * 2010-01-18 2011-07-21 Grivna Gordon M Method of forming a semiconductor die
US20140099794A1 (en) * 2012-09-21 2014-04-10 Applied Materials, Inc. Radical chemistry modulation and control using multiple flow pathways
US8962452B2 (en) 2007-08-07 2015-02-24 Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc Semiconductor die singulation apparatus and method
US20150155178A1 (en) * 2013-12-04 2015-06-04 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method of processing a substrate and apparatus for performing the same
US9117855B2 (en) 2013-12-04 2015-08-25 Applied Materials, Inc. Polarity control for remote plasma
US9136273B1 (en) 2014-03-21 2015-09-15 Applied Materials, Inc. Flash gate air gap
US9136173B2 (en) 2012-11-07 2015-09-15 Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc Singulation method for semiconductor die having a layer of material along one major surface
US9132436B2 (en) 2012-09-21 2015-09-15 Applied Materials, Inc. Chemical control features in wafer process equipment
US9153442B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2015-10-06 Applied Materials, Inc. Processing systems and methods for halide scavenging
US9159606B1 (en) 2014-07-31 2015-10-13 Applied Materials, Inc. Metal air gap
US9165786B1 (en) 2014-08-05 2015-10-20 Applied Materials, Inc. Integrated oxide and nitride recess for better channel contact in 3D architectures
US20150311045A1 (en) * 2014-04-28 2015-10-29 Tokyo Electron Limited Dry cleaning method and plasma processing apparatus
US9190293B2 (en) 2013-12-18 2015-11-17 Applied Materials, Inc. Even tungsten etch for high aspect ratio trenches
US9209012B2 (en) 2013-09-16 2015-12-08 Applied Materials, Inc. Selective etch of silicon nitride
US9236265B2 (en) 2013-11-04 2016-01-12 Applied Materials, Inc. Silicon germanium processing
US9236266B2 (en) 2011-08-01 2016-01-12 Applied Materials, Inc. Dry-etch for silicon-and-carbon-containing films
US9245762B2 (en) 2013-12-02 2016-01-26 Applied Materials, Inc. Procedure for etch rate consistency
US9263278B2 (en) 2013-12-17 2016-02-16 Applied Materials, Inc. Dopant etch selectivity control
US9269590B2 (en) 2014-04-07 2016-02-23 Applied Materials, Inc. Spacer formation
US9287134B2 (en) 2014-01-17 2016-03-15 Applied Materials, Inc. Titanium oxide etch
US9287095B2 (en) 2013-12-17 2016-03-15 Applied Materials, Inc. Semiconductor system assemblies and methods of operation
US9293568B2 (en) 2014-01-27 2016-03-22 Applied Materials, Inc. Method of fin patterning
US9299575B2 (en) 2014-03-17 2016-03-29 Applied Materials, Inc. Gas-phase tungsten etch
US9299537B2 (en) 2014-03-20 2016-03-29 Applied Materials, Inc. Radial waveguide systems and methods for post-match control of microwaves
US9299582B2 (en) 2013-11-12 2016-03-29 Applied Materials, Inc. Selective etch for metal-containing materials
US9299557B2 (en) 2014-03-19 2016-03-29 Asm Ip Holding B.V. Plasma pre-clean module and process
US9299583B1 (en) 2014-12-05 2016-03-29 Applied Materials, Inc. Aluminum oxide selective etch
US9309598B2 (en) 2014-05-28 2016-04-12 Applied Materials, Inc. Oxide and metal removal
US9324576B2 (en) 2010-05-27 2016-04-26 Applied Materials, Inc. Selective etch for silicon films
US9343272B1 (en) 2015-01-08 2016-05-17 Applied Materials, Inc. Self-aligned process
US9349605B1 (en) 2015-08-07 2016-05-24 Applied Materials, Inc. Oxide etch selectivity systems and methods
US9355863B2 (en) 2012-12-18 2016-05-31 Applied Materials, Inc. Non-local plasma oxide etch
US9355856B2 (en) 2014-09-12 2016-05-31 Applied Materials, Inc. V trench dry etch
US9355862B2 (en) 2014-09-24 2016-05-31 Applied Materials, Inc. Fluorine-based hardmask removal
US9362130B2 (en) 2013-03-01 2016-06-07 Applied Materials, Inc. Enhanced etching processes using remote plasma sources
US9368364B2 (en) 2014-09-24 2016-06-14 Applied Materials, Inc. Silicon etch process with tunable selectivity to SiO2 and other materials
US9373522B1 (en) 2015-01-22 2016-06-21 Applied Mateials, Inc. Titanium nitride removal
US9373517B2 (en) 2012-08-02 2016-06-21 Applied Materials, Inc. Semiconductor processing with DC assisted RF power for improved control
US9378978B2 (en) 2014-07-31 2016-06-28 Applied Materials, Inc. Integrated oxide recess and floating gate fin trimming
US9378969B2 (en) 2014-06-19 2016-06-28 Applied Materials, Inc. Low temperature gas-phase carbon removal
US9385041B2 (en) 2014-08-26 2016-07-05 Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc Method for insulating singulated electronic die
US9384997B2 (en) 2012-11-20 2016-07-05 Applied Materials, Inc. Dry-etch selectivity
US9385028B2 (en) 2014-02-03 2016-07-05 Applied Materials, Inc. Air gap process
US9390937B2 (en) 2012-09-20 2016-07-12 Applied Materials, Inc. Silicon-carbon-nitride selective etch
US9396989B2 (en) 2014-01-27 2016-07-19 Applied Materials, Inc. Air gaps between copper lines
US9406523B2 (en) 2014-06-19 2016-08-02 Applied Materials, Inc. Highly selective doped oxide removal method
US9412608B2 (en) 2012-11-30 2016-08-09 Applied Materials, Inc. Dry-etch for selective tungsten removal
US9418858B2 (en) 2011-10-07 2016-08-16 Applied Materials, Inc. Selective etch of silicon by way of metastable hydrogen termination
US9418894B2 (en) 2014-03-21 2016-08-16 Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc Electronic die singulation method
US9425058B2 (en) 2014-07-24 2016-08-23 Applied Materials, Inc. Simplified litho-etch-litho-etch process
US9437451B2 (en) 2012-09-18 2016-09-06 Applied Materials, Inc. Radical-component oxide etch
US9449845B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2016-09-20 Applied Materials, Inc. Selective titanium nitride etching
US9449846B2 (en) 2015-01-28 2016-09-20 Applied Materials, Inc. Vertical gate separation
US9474163B2 (en) 2014-12-30 2016-10-18 Asm Ip Holding B.V. Germanium oxide pre-clean module and process
US9478432B2 (en) 2014-09-25 2016-10-25 Applied Materials, Inc. Silicon oxide selective removal
US9484260B2 (en) 2012-11-07 2016-11-01 Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc Heated carrier substrate semiconductor die singulation method
US9496167B2 (en) 2014-07-31 2016-11-15 Applied Materials, Inc. Integrated bit-line airgap formation and gate stack post clean
US9493879B2 (en) 2013-07-12 2016-11-15 Applied Materials, Inc. Selective sputtering for pattern transfer
US9502258B2 (en) 2014-12-23 2016-11-22 Applied Materials, Inc. Anisotropic gap etch
US9499898B2 (en) 2014-03-03 2016-11-22 Applied Materials, Inc. Layered thin film heater and method of fabrication
US9553102B2 (en) 2014-08-19 2017-01-24 Applied Materials, Inc. Tungsten separation
US9576809B2 (en) 2013-11-04 2017-02-21 Applied Materials, Inc. Etch suppression with germanium
US9607856B2 (en) 2013-03-05 2017-03-28 Applied Materials, Inc. Selective titanium nitride removal
US9659753B2 (en) 2014-08-07 2017-05-23 Applied Materials, Inc. Grooved insulator to reduce leakage current
US9691645B2 (en) 2015-08-06 2017-06-27 Applied Materials, Inc. Bolted wafer chuck thermal management systems and methods for wafer processing systems
US9721789B1 (en) 2016-10-04 2017-08-01 Applied Materials, Inc. Saving ion-damaged spacers
US9728437B2 (en) 2015-02-03 2017-08-08 Applied Materials, Inc. High temperature chuck for plasma processing systems
US9741593B2 (en) 2015-08-06 2017-08-22 Applied Materials, Inc. Thermal management systems and methods for wafer processing systems
US9768034B1 (en) 2016-11-11 2017-09-19 Applied Materials, Inc. Removal methods for high aspect ratio structures
US9773648B2 (en) 2013-08-30 2017-09-26 Applied Materials, Inc. Dual discharge modes operation for remote plasma
US9842744B2 (en) 2011-03-14 2017-12-12 Applied Materials, Inc. Methods for etch of SiN films
US9847289B2 (en) 2014-05-30 2017-12-19 Applied Materials, Inc. Protective via cap for improved interconnect performance
US9865484B1 (en) 2016-06-29 2018-01-09 Applied Materials, Inc. Selective etch using material modification and RF pulsing
US9881805B2 (en) 2015-03-02 2018-01-30 Applied Materials, Inc. Silicon selective removal
US9887096B2 (en) 2012-09-17 2018-02-06 Applied Materials, Inc. Differential silicon oxide etch
US9885117B2 (en) 2014-03-31 2018-02-06 Applied Materials, Inc. Conditioned semiconductor system parts
US9934942B1 (en) 2016-10-04 2018-04-03 Applied Materials, Inc. Chamber with flow-through source
US9947549B1 (en) 2016-10-10 2018-04-17 Applied Materials, Inc. Cobalt-containing material removal
US10026621B2 (en) 2016-11-14 2018-07-17 Applied Materials, Inc. SiN spacer profile patterning
US10043684B1 (en) 2017-02-06 2018-08-07 Applied Materials, Inc. Self-limiting atomic thermal etching systems and methods
US10043674B1 (en) 2017-08-04 2018-08-07 Applied Materials, Inc. Germanium etching systems and methods
US10049891B1 (en) 2017-05-31 2018-08-14 Applied Materials, Inc. Selective in situ cobalt residue removal
US10062578B2 (en) 2011-03-14 2018-08-28 Applied Materials, Inc. Methods for etch of metal and metal-oxide films
US10062587B2 (en) 2012-07-18 2018-08-28 Applied Materials, Inc. Pedestal with multi-zone temperature control and multiple purge capabilities
US10062575B2 (en) 2016-09-09 2018-08-28 Applied Materials, Inc. Poly directional etch by oxidation
US10062579B2 (en) 2016-10-07 2018-08-28 Applied Materials, Inc. Selective SiN lateral recess
US10062585B2 (en) 2016-10-04 2018-08-28 Applied Materials, Inc. Oxygen compatible plasma source
US10128086B1 (en) 2017-10-24 2018-11-13 Applied Materials, Inc. Silicon pretreatment for nitride removal
US10163696B2 (en) 2016-11-11 2018-12-25 Applied Materials, Inc. Selective cobalt removal for bottom up gapfill
US10170336B1 (en) 2017-08-04 2019-01-01 Applied Materials, Inc. Methods for anisotropic control of selective silicon removal
US10170282B2 (en) 2013-03-08 2019-01-01 Applied Materials, Inc. Insulated semiconductor faceplate designs
US10224210B2 (en) 2014-12-09 2019-03-05 Applied Materials, Inc. Plasma processing system with direct outlet toroidal plasma source
US10242908B2 (en) 2016-11-14 2019-03-26 Applied Materials, Inc. Airgap formation with damage-free copper
US10256112B1 (en) 2017-12-08 2019-04-09 Applied Materials, Inc. Selective tungsten removal
US10283321B2 (en) 2011-01-18 2019-05-07 Applied Materials, Inc. Semiconductor processing system and methods using capacitively coupled plasma
US10283324B1 (en) 2017-10-24 2019-05-07 Applied Materials, Inc. Oxygen treatment for nitride etching
US10297458B2 (en) 2017-08-07 2019-05-21 Applied Materials, Inc. Process window widening using coated parts in plasma etch processes
US10319739B2 (en) 2017-02-08 2019-06-11 Applied Materials, Inc. Accommodating imperfectly aligned memory holes
US10319600B1 (en) 2018-03-12 2019-06-11 Applied Materials, Inc. Thermal silicon etch
US10319649B2 (en) 2017-04-11 2019-06-11 Applied Materials, Inc. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) for remote plasma monitoring
US10340160B2 (en) 2015-10-16 2019-07-02 Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc Method of forming a semiconductor die cutting tool
US5156820A (en) * 1989-05-15 1992-10-20 Rapro Technology, Inc. Reaction chamber with controlled radiant energy heating and distributed reactant flow
JP2848498B2 (en) * 1989-11-25 1999-01-20 日本特殊陶業株式会社 The method of synthesizing diamond, a method of manufacturing a diamond-coated cutting tool, and a method for manufacturing a diamond coated cutting tool
US5275976A (en) * 1990-12-27 1994-01-04 Texas Instruments Incorporated Process chamber purge module for semiconductor processing equipment
US6021791A (en) 1998-06-29 2000-02-08 Speedfam-Ipec Corporation Method and apparatus for immersion cleaning of semiconductor devices
JP3433392B2 (en) * 1999-01-12 2003-08-04 セントラル硝子株式会社 Cleaning method of the cleaning gas and a vacuum processing apparatus
EP1316388B2 (en) † 2001-10-30 2009-03-04 teamtechnik Maschinen und Anlagen GmbH Processing chamber
JP6481138B2 (en) * 2017-04-28 2019-03-13 アドバンストマテリアルテクノロジーズ株式会社 Method of manufacturing the alignment film substrate, a sputtering apparatus and a multi-chamber apparatus
US3439238A (en) * 1963-12-16 1969-04-15 Texas Instruments Inc Semiconductor devices and process for embedding same in plastic
US3765763A (en) * 1969-07-29 1973-10-16 Texas Instruments Inc Automatic slice processing
US4138306A (en) * 1976-08-31 1979-02-06 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. Apparatus for the treatment of semiconductors
US4250428A (en) * 1979-05-09 1981-02-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Bonded cathode and electrode structure with layered insulation, and method of manufacture
US4293249A (en) * 1980-03-03 1981-10-06 Texas Instruments Incorporated Material handling system and method for manufacturing line
US4306292A (en) * 1971-04-16 1981-12-15 Texas Instruments Incorporated Segmented asynchronous operation of an automated assembly line
US4393095A (en) * 1982-02-01 1983-07-12 Ppg Industries, Inc. Chemical vapor deposition of vanadium oxide coatings
US4439244A (en) * 1982-08-03 1984-03-27 Texas Instruments Incorporated Apparatus and method of material removal having a fluid filled slot
US4439243A (en) * 1982-08-03 1984-03-27 Texas Instruments Incorporated Apparatus and method of material removal with fluid flow within a slot
US4447469A (en) * 1982-06-10 1984-05-08 Hughes Aircraft Company Process for forming sulfide layers by photochemical vapor deposition
US4465898A (en) * 1981-07-27 1984-08-14 Texas Instruments Incorporated Carrier for integrated circuit
US4493977A (en) * 1982-09-30 1985-01-15 Ushio Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Method for heating semiconductor wafers by a light-radiant heating furnace
US4576698A (en) * 1983-06-30 1986-03-18 International Business Machines Corporation Plasma etch cleaning in low pressure chemical vapor deposition systems
US4579609A (en) * 1984-06-08 1986-04-01 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Growth of epitaxial films by chemical vapor deposition utilizing a surface cleaning step immediately before deposition
US4584207A (en) * 1984-09-24 1986-04-22 General Electric Company Method for nucleating and growing tungsten films
US4609103A (en) * 1984-08-27 1986-09-02 Texas Instruments Incorporated Semiconductor slice cassette carrier
US4615756A (en) * 1984-07-11 1986-10-07 Hitachi, Ltd. Dry etching apparatus
US4615905A (en) * 1982-09-24 1986-10-07 Sovonics Solar Systems, Inc. Method of depositing semiconductor films by free radical generation
US4629635A (en) * 1984-03-16 1986-12-16 Genus, Inc. Process for depositing a low resistivity tungsten silicon composite film on a substrate
US4632057A (en) * 1985-08-05 1986-12-30 Spectrum Cvd, Inc. CVD plasma reactor
US4673456A (en) * 1985-09-17 1987-06-16 Machine Technology, Inc. Microwave apparatus for generating plasma afterglows
US4684542A (en) * 1986-08-11 1987-08-04 International Business Machines Corporation Low pressure chemical vapor deposition of tungsten silicide
US4687544A (en) * 1985-05-17 1987-08-18 Emergent Technologies Corporation Method and apparatus for dry processing of substrates
JPS54123599A (en) * 1978-03-17 1979-09-25 Toshiba Corp Forming method for silicon nitride film
US4282267A (en) * 1979-09-20 1981-08-04 Western Electric Co., Inc. Methods and apparatus for generating plasmas
JPS6347141B2 (en) * 1981-03-13 1988-09-20 Fujitsu Ltd
US4440108A (en) * 1982-09-24 1984-04-03 Spire Corporation Ion beam coating apparatus
JPS6156609B2 (en) * 1983-12-23 1986-12-03 Hitachi Ltd
US4664938A (en) * 1985-05-06 1987-05-12 Phillips Petroleum Company Method for deposition of silicon
JPS6227573A (en) * 1985-07-30 1987-02-05 Citizen Watch Co Ltd Photochemical reaction device
US4675089A (en) * 1985-11-25 1987-06-23 At&T Technologies, Inc. Low temperature deposition method for high quality aluminum oxide films
1988-06-23 DE DE19883873847 patent/DE3873847D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
1988-06-23 DE DE19883873847 patent/DE3873847T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
1988-06-23 EP EP19880110010 patent/EP0299247B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
1988-07-14 KR KR88008773A patent/KR970000205B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
1988-07-15 JP JP63175337A patent/JP2840071B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Accomazzo et al., "Ultrahigh Efficiency Membrane Filters for Semiconductor Process Gases", Solid State Technology, 27(3), pp. 141-146, (1984).
Accomazzo et al., Ultrahigh Efficiency Membrane Filters for Semiconductor Process Gases , Solid State Technology, 27(3), pp. 141 146, (1984). *
Fleming et al., "Development of Bakable Seals for Large Non-Circular Ports on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor", 17, Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, 337, (1980).
Fleming et al., Development of Bakable Seals for Large Non Circular Ports on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor , 17, Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, 337, (1980). *
Ishimaru et al., "Bakable Aluminum Vacuum Chamber and Bellows with an Aluminum Flange and Metal Seal for Ultrahigh Vacuum", 26, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 4000, (1979).
Ishimaru et al., Bakable Aluminum Vacuum Chamber and Bellows with an Aluminum Flange and Metal Seal for Ultrahigh Vacuum , 26, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 4000, (1979). *
Kasper et al., "A Gas Filtration System for 105 Particles/cm3 ", Aerosol Science and Technology, 5(2), pp. 167-185, (1986).
Kasper et al., A Gas Filtration System for 10 5 Particles/cm 3 , Aerosol Science and Technology, 5(2), pp. 167 185, (1986). *
Lucovsky et al., "Deposition of Dielectric Films by Remote Plasma Enhanced CVD", Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., vol. 68, 1986, pp. 323-334.
Lucovsky et al., Deposition of Dielectric Films by Remote Plasma Enhanced CVD , Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., vol. 68, 1986, pp. 323 334. *
Sakai et al., "Sealing Concept of Elastic Metal Gasket `Helicoflex`", 32, Vacuum, 33, (1982).
Sakai et al., Sealing Concept of Elastic Metal Gasket Helicoflex , 32, Vacuum, 33, (1982). *
US6434327B1 (en) 1990-01-19 2002-08-13 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus and method including an infrared camera to measure substrate temperature
US6122439A (en) * 1990-01-19 2000-09-19 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus and method
US5689614A (en) * 1990-01-19 1997-11-18 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus and control therefor
US5767486A (en) * 1990-01-19 1998-06-16 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus including a plurality of radiant energy sources and a source of processing gas
US5790751A (en) * 1990-01-19 1998-08-04 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus including a plurality of light pipes and a pyrometer for measuring substrate temperature
US5840125A (en) * 1990-01-19 1998-11-24 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus including a substrate support and an external drive to rotate the same
US6853872B2 (en) * 1996-09-11 2005-02-08 Hitachi, Ltd. Operating method of vacuum processing system and vacuum processing system
US6460550B2 (en) 1998-03-06 2002-10-08 Applied Materials Inc. Apparatus for automatically performing cleaning processes in a semiconductor wafer processing system
US6727474B2 (en) 1998-12-10 2004-04-27 Mattson Technology, Inc. Rapid thermal processing chamber for processing multiple wafers
US20060201927A1 (en) * 1999-01-06 2006-09-14 Arnon Gat Heating device for heating semiconductor wafers in thermal processing chambers
SG116411A1 (en) * 2000-01-28 2005-11-28 Applied Materials Inc Method and apparatus for cleaning a semiconductor wafer processing system.
US6715496B2 (en) 2000-01-28 2004-04-06 Applied Materials Inc. Method and apparatus for cleaning a semiconductor wafer processing system
US7588036B2 (en) * 2002-07-01 2009-09-15 Applied Materials, Inc. Chamber clean method using remote and in situ plasma cleaning systems
US7097716B2 (en) * 2002-10-17 2006-08-29 Applied Materials, Inc. Method for performing fluorocarbon chamber cleaning to eliminate fluorine memory effect
US6923189B2 (en) 2003-01-16 2005-08-02 Applied Materials, Inc. Cleaning of CVD chambers using remote source with cxfyoz based chemistry
US7033845B2 (en) * 2003-02-06 2006-04-25 Lam Research Corporation Phase control of megasonic RF generator for optimum operation
US7053000B2 (en) * 2003-02-06 2006-05-30 Lam Research Corporation System, method and apparatus for constant voltage control of RF generator for optimum operation
US6995067B2 (en) * 2003-02-06 2006-02-07 Lam Research Corporation Megasonic cleaning efficiency using auto-tuning of an RF generator at constant maximum efficiency
US8536492B2 (en) * 2003-10-27 2013-09-17 Applied Materials, Inc. Processing multilayer semiconductors with multiple heat sources
US7900374B2 (en) * 2004-08-18 2011-03-08 Lg Electronics Inc. Apparatus for automatically drying and method for controlling the same
US7789965B2 (en) 2006-09-19 2010-09-07 Asm Japan K.K. Method of cleaning UV irradiation chamber
US8327861B2 (en) 2006-12-19 2012-12-11 Lam Research Corporation Megasonic precision cleaning of semiconductor process equipment components and parts
US7781310B2 (en) * 2007-08-07 2010-08-24 Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc Semiconductor die singulation method
US9012304B2 (en) 2007-08-07 2015-04-21 Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc Semiconductor die singulation method
US9196511B2 (en) 2007-08-07 2015-11-24 Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc Semiconductor die singulation methods
US7923702B2 (en) * 2007-11-13 2011-04-12 Carl Zeiss Nts Gmbh System and method for processing an object
US8118946B2 (en) 2007-11-30 2012-02-21 Wesley George Lau Cleaning process residues from substrate processing chamber components
US9437493B2 (en) 2010-01-18 2016-09-06 Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc Method of forming a semiconductor die
US9299664B2 (en) 2010-01-18 2016-03-29 Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc Method of forming an EM protected semiconductor die
US9275957B2 (en) 2010-01-18 2016-03-01 Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc EM protected semiconductor die
US10032606B2 (en) 2012-08-02 2018-07-24 Applied Materials, Inc. Semiconductor processing with DC assisted RF power for improved control
US9773689B2 (en) 2012-11-07 2017-09-26 Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc Semiconductor die singulation method using varied carrier substrate temperature
US9564365B2 (en) 2012-11-07 2017-02-07 Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc Method of singulating semiconductor wafer having back layer
US10269642B2 (en) 2012-11-07 2019-04-23 Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc Method of singulating semiconductor wafer having a plurality of die and a back layer disposed along a major surface
US9472417B2 (en) 2013-11-12 2016-10-18 Applied Materials, Inc. Plasma-free metal etch
US9520303B2 (en) 2013-11-12 2016-12-13 Applied Materials, Inc. Aluminum selective etch
US9105581B2 (en) * 2013-12-04 2015-08-11 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method of processing a substrate and apparatus for performing the same
US9917013B2 (en) 2014-03-21 2018-03-13 Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc Method of separating electronic devices having a back layer
US9903020B2 (en) 2014-03-31 2018-02-27 Applied Materials, Inc. Generation of compact alumina passivation layers on aluminum plasma equipment components
US9478434B2 (en) 2014-09-24 2016-10-25 Applied Materials, Inc. Chlorine-based hardmask removal
US9613822B2 (en) 2014-09-25 2017-04-04 Applied Materials, Inc. Oxide etch selectivity enhancement
US10147620B2 (en) 2015-08-06 2018-12-04 Applied Materials, Inc. Bolted wafer chuck thermal management systems and methods for wafer processing systems
US10224180B2 (en) 2016-10-04 2019-03-05 Applied Materials, Inc. Chamber with flow-through source
US10186428B2 (en) 2016-11-11 2019-01-22 Applied Materials, Inc. Removal methods for high aspect ratio structures
DE3873847T2 (en) 1993-03-18
JPH028361A (en) 1990-01-11
DE3873847D1 (en) 1992-09-24
US7094442B2 (en) 2006-08-22 Methods for the reduction and elimination of particulate contamination with CVD of amorphous carbon
KR100985953B1 (en) 2010-10-06 Plasma processing method
US8501629B2 (en) 2013-08-06 Smooth SiConi etch for silicon-containing films
CN101170055B (en) 2011-07-20 Integrated method for removal of halogen residues from etched substrates by thermal process
US5507874A (en) 1996-04-16 Method of cleaning of an electrostatic chuck in plasma reactors
US5350480A (en) 1994-09-27 Surface cleaning and conditioning using hot neutral gas beam array
JP4159126B2 (en) 2008-10-01 Lid assembly for high temperature processing chamber
US7456109B2 (en) 2008-11-25 Method for cleaning substrate processing chamber
US4842683A (en) 1989-06-27 Magnetic field-enhanced plasma etch reactor
US7094613B2 (en) 2006-08-22 Method for controlling accuracy and repeatability of an etch process
JP4365459B2 (en) 2009-11-18 A method of forming ultra-shallow doped region with a doped silicon oxide film
US6494959B1 (en) 2002-12-17 Process and apparatus for cleaning a silicon surface
US6624082B2 (en) 2003-09-23 Systems and methods for two-sided etch of a semiconductor substrate
US20040229449A1 (en) 2004-11-18 Method of depositing metal film and metal deposition cluster tool including supercritical drying/cleaning module
US5174881A (en) 1992-12-29 Apparatus for forming a thin film on surface of semiconductor substrate
US20140120733A1 (en) 2014-05-01 Low damage photoresist strip method for low-k dielectrics
JP4833512B2 (en) 2011-12-07 Workpiece processing apparatus, the object to be processed processing method and workpiece transfer method
US6194037B1 (en) 2001-02-27 Method of plasma processing a substrate placed on a substrate table
CN104103478B (en) 2017-05-10 An internal semiconductor manufacturing plasma grid
US6440864B1 (en) 2002-08-27 Substrate cleaning process
US20120285621A1 (en) 2012-11-15 Semiconductor chamber apparatus for dielectric processing
US5028560A (en) 1991-07-02 Method for forming a thin layer on a semiconductor substrate
US7520957B2 (en) 2009-04-21 Lid assembly for front end of line fabrication
US20060051966A1 (en) 2006-03-09 In-situ chamber clean process to remove by-product deposits from chemical vapor etch chamber
Owner name: TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED, TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:DAVIS, CECIL J.;MATTHEWS, ROBERT T.;JUCHA, RHETT B.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:004745/0783
Owner name: TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED, 13500 NORTH CENTRA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:DAVIS, CECIL J.;MATTHEWS, ROBERT T.;JUCHA, RHETT B.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:004745/0783
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1669
|
__label__cc
| 0.553015
| 0.446985
|
CONTINUE SHOPPING AT SELLMYTEES.COM
Free shipping...Orders $100 & more.
Continue Shopping Or Go to Cart
AVAILABLE THROUGH 07/18/2019!
P-51 Mustang (front only)
The Story ~ The P-51 Mustang is undoubtedly one of the most recognized fighter planes to emerge from World War II. A supreme machine, particularly in the matter of high speed and maneuverability, certainly a leading candidate for the best-all-around-fig
The Story ~ The P-51 Mustang is undoubtedly one of the most recognized fighter planes to emerge from World War II. A supreme machine, particularly in the matter of high speed and maneuverability, certainly a leading candidate for the best-all-around-fighter of WWII, and definitely the best long-range escort fighter of its era, its conception and origin alone is an intriguing history.
With the outbreak of WWII, the British RAF approached North American Aviation (NAA) for an emergency order of Curtiss P-40 Warhawks. Since Curtiss had insufficient capacity to meet the urgent requirements for production, NAA was approached to build the P-40 under license for the RAF.
“Dutch” Kindelberger, the head of NAA, convinced the RAF that his company could have a superior fighter in production in less time than it would require to gear up for the P-40. A design team, headed by Chief Designer Edgar Schmued and Chief Engineer Raymond Rice, was able to deliver the prototype NA-73X in a remarkable 102 days. It was first flown on October 26, 1940.
In order to satisfy the RAF, Curtiss had to turn over some of its own early design work, and the wind tunnel test results of its revolutionary new fighter, the P-46, to NAA. To this day, much controversy centers around how much of this preliminary Curtiss design work was incorporated into the final NA-73X prototype. Regardless, NAA was able to design a plane that was extremely advanced in both structure and aerodynamics.
The adoption of a revolutionary laminar flow wing (which provided less drag at high speeds), an underbelly radiator scoop and novel radiator system (that gave it additional thrust and sleek aerodynamic design) made the P-51 performance outstanding in all respects, and its flying qualities superb. It was powered by the 1,110 hp Allison V-1710 engine and a 3-bladed prop, which provided ample power below 15,000 ft.
Yet, it was the adaption by the RAF to the Rolls-Royce Merlin engine that provided an ideal complement to the P-51, and was to bring the Mustang to fruition as an all-around fighter par excellence. At low altitude, the Allison and Merlin were comparable but, at high altitude, the Merlin, with its excellent two-stage, two-speed supercharger allowed an ability to perform well up to 41,900 feet, achieving a speed of 440 mph. This combination of a 4-bladed prop, Merlin engine, a slick aerodynamic design, and six 50-caliber machine guns produced the superior, winning Allied fighter of WWII.
The definitive Mustang was the P-51 D which was powered by the Merlin V-1650-3 or -7, able to produce 1720 hp. In 1941, Packard Motors was licensed to build the Merlin engines for both the US and Britain, and over 55,000 were produced during the war. Also introduced with the D Model was a clear “bubble top” canopy that offered an outstanding field of vision. Of over 15,000 P-51s produced, more than half of these were the P-51D Model.
The Mustang’s extreme range and ability at high altitude made it a natural as a bomber-escort and fighter in the European theater. It eventually replaced both the P-47 Thunderbolt and the P-38 Lightning in this capacity. Its combination of speed, maneuverability and range made it not only the most popular, but also the most effective fighter over Europe in the last two years of the war. In the European Theater alone, the P-51 destroyed over 4,950 enemy aircraft in the air.
In the broad Pacific Theater, the P-51 Mustang’s extreme range made it a natural bomber-fighter escort choice there as well. The 7th Air Force Mustangs based at Iwo Jima were the first fighters to operate over the Japanese home islands, while the 5th Air Force Mustangs scourged the skies over the Philippines. In the Philippines, William Shomo earned the only Medal of Honor given to a Mustang pilot in the Pacific, by downing seven Japanese planes in a single mission.
When the Korean War began, the Mustang was the primary fighter for the United Nations until such fighters as the F-86 assumed this role. Thus, the P-51 Mustang fittingly became one of the final links between the piston-driven engine combat aircraft of the past, and the jet revolution of the future.
Without question, the P-51 Mustang was one of the finest fighters to see service during World War II.
Select Size S M L XL 2X (+$1.00) 3X (+$2.00)
Adult Unisex Fine Jersey Tee Adult Unisex Cotton Tee Adult Unisex Long Sleeve Tee Adult Unisex Tank Top Adult Unisex Crewneck Sweatshirt Womens Fine Jersey Tee Womens Tank Top Youth Cotton Tee Youth Crewneck Sweatshirt Cotton Canvas Tote
Available Shirt Colors:
Click Here to Add Another Shirt Style or Color to Your Order!
Share this Design on:
About Our Printing:
SellMyTees.com is one of the First Companies in the World to print direct to garment (sometimes called DTG). Really, we've been doing it that long and we're that good!
Our Secret: Attention to Detail.
All orders are printed one at a time as they come in. Basically that means first come, first served. We do it this way so that we can ensure you receive only the highest quality products because we want you to be happy. This process usually means that your order will be hitting the mail in about 4-7 working days after you've placed your order.
We understand that sometimes you want it and you want it now. So, we have a way that you can 'jump the line'. Just select the 'Expedited' option when you check out and we will leapfrog your order to the front of the line.
Screen Printing / Bulk Orders:
Did you know that SellMyTees.com also screen prints? Yep - we sure do!
If you are interested in ordering bulk Tshirts for your company, organization or cause contact us to discover the best prices and quality around!
Adult Unisex Fine Jersey Tee
100% ring-spun combed cotton, 30 singles, 4.3 ounce jersey. Set-in collar of 1×1 baby rib knit. Fabric laundered for reduced shrinkage. Tear away label. Heather colors are 50% ring-spun combed cotton/50% polyester, and Heather Gray is 90% ring-spun combed cotton/10% polyester. The softest most comfortable cotton shirt on the market great for high end clothing brands. Fit type: Classic. Primary brands used: District
Sizing Chart: Adult Unisex Fine Jersey Tee
Width 19" 20" 21.5" 23.5" 25.5" 27.5"
Height 28" 29" 30" 31" 32" 32.5"
More Designs by PatentWear
Please Pick T-Shirt Style
Product Details!
Help & Tips
follow PatentWear:
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1670
|
__label__cc
| 0.622841
| 0.377159
|
The term biodiversity is used to describe the variety of all life on earth including all plants and animals, and the ecosystems which sustain them. Peatlands sustain a rich and unique range of habitats and species across the world.
At the level of individual peatland sites the diversity of organisms can be exceptional. For example the alkaline fen at Fenor Bog in County Waterford, Ireland has 118 plants and 214 species of invertebrate, bird and mammal. The presence and abundance of certain peatland species within a peatland habitat can indicate the health of that habitat.
These indicator species include Saxifraga hirculus, Vertigo geyeri, Sphagnum austinii, Lagopus lagopus and Coenonympha tullia. Clear altitudinal gardens can be distinguished in peatland biodiversity. The drivers of peatland biodiversity loss are habitat loss, invasive alien species, over-exploitation for agriculture, forestry and peat, nutrient pollution and climate change.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1675
|
__label__wiki
| 0.75359
| 0.75359
|
Workforce Fairness Institute
The Workforce Fairness Institute (WFI) describes itself as "an organization committed to educating voters, employers, employees and citizens about issues affecting the workplace." [1]
WFI's website lists among its "allied groups" the Coalition for a Democratic Workplace, Rick Berman's Center for Union Facts, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and the National Federation of Independent Business. [2]
1 On the Employee Free Choice Act
2 Funding
3 Personnel
5 Articles and resources
5.1 Related SourceWatch articles
5.3 External resources
5.4 External articles
On the Employee Free Choice Act
WFI claims that the Employee Free Choice Act (EFCA) "does away with a bedrock in our democracy -- the secret ballot -- exposing workers to intimidation and coercion." [3]
In November 2008, the National Journal reported that WFI "has been doing grassroots work in 16 states for about six months," in opposition to EFCA. "The institute, sources say, is looking to raise about $10 million and has the backing of several big retailers." [4]
WFI's Mark McKinnon said of EFCA, "This is a plan to take over American business and pose federal bureaucrats so they can arbitrate contracts, take away the secret ballot -- an American tradition, though it is sacred for us -- so that they can add 20 million people to the labor rolls in America, and jack up the cost of labor, of benefits, of salaries so that we'll be non -- we won't be competitive. We'll lose more jobs, and it will be an incredible burden on American business." [5]
After former Congresswoman Hilda Solis was confirmed as U.S. Labor Secretary, WFI's McKinnon commented, "What is particularly troubling is that Rep. Solis would stand by EFCA, even though ... EFCA is anti-democratic and not what workers and businesses need in these hard economic times." [6]
McKinnon remarked on Glenn Beck's FOX program, "Labor is just an antiquated notion anymore of global economy. It's all about competition. And all the labor does is it drives up the cost. Why do we have American carmakers that are going out of business and foreign carmakers in America that are doing well? ... It costs $1,600 more for car on average to buy an American car. So, in this economy or any economy -- why would anybody buy an American car?" [7]
Neil Golub, CEO of the Golub Corporation, "has raised millions of dollars from the industry for The Workforce Fairness Institute, one of the main coalitions working to defeat" EFCA, reported the States News Service in January 2009. [8] When asked by the New York Times, WFI's Mark McKinnon "would not say which companies are financing the institute, founded by several longtime Republican operatives." [9]
On its website WFI states that it "is funded by and advocates on behalf of business owners who enjoy good working relationships with their employees, and would like to maintain those good relationships without the unfair interference of government bureaucrats, union organizers and special interests." [1]
Katie Packer Executive Director [10]
Mark McKinnon [11]
Barbara Comstock [12]
Danny Diaz
The Workforce Fairness Institute "employs Former Bush ad man Mark McKinnon, former White House Political Director Sara Taylor, Mitt Romney aides Barbara Comstock and Katie Packer, powerhouse conservative PR firm CRC, GOP Web gurus Patrick Ruffini, Mindy Finn and Patrick Hynes and former RNC Communications Director [Danny] Diaz," reported Politico.com. [13]
Barbara Comstock is a founding partner of the Corallo Comstock public relations and lobbying firm [14], which counts the National Association of Broadcasters and -- until January 2009 -- the Hearst Corporation among its clients. [15]
Email: info AT workforcefairness.com
Website: http://www.workforcefairness.com/
Agriculture for a Democratic Workplace
Alliance to Save Main Street Jobs
Center for Union Facts
Coalition for a Democratic Workplace
Employee Free Choice Act
Employee Freedom Action Committee
Front groups
Rick Berman
↑ 1.0 1.1 Workforce Fairness Institute, "About Us", Workforce Fairness Institute website, accessed March 2008.
↑ Workforce Fairness Institute, "About Us: Allied Group", Workforce Fairness Institute website, accessed March 2009.
↑ Holly Rosenkrantz, "Union bills to go before lawmakers: Legislation making it easier to form a union will be introduced in the House and Senate", Denver Post, March 10, 2009.
↑ Peter H. Stone, "Epic Battle Taking Shape Over 'Card Check'," The National Journal, November 22, 2008.
↑ Mark McKinnon on "The Glenn Beck Program," Fox News Network, March 4, 2009.
↑ Kasie Hunt, "Senate Confirms Solis, But Workplace Battles Just Beginning," National Journal's CongressDaily, February 25, 2009.
↑ Mark McKinnon on "The Glenn Beck Program," Fox News Network, February 18, 2009.
↑ "Food Marketing Institute Presents 2009 Glen P. Woodard, Jr., Public Affairs Award to Golub Corp. President and CEO Neil Golub," States News Service, January 12, 2009.
↑ Steven Greenhouse, "Bill Easing Unionizing Is Under Heavy Attack," New York Times, January 8, 2009.
↑ Kara Rowland, "Democrats' bill eases organizing unions", Washington Times, March 11, 2009.
↑ "Beck falsely claimed average UAW worker makes $154 per hour", Media Matters of America, February 19, 2009.
↑ Pete Winn, "Reich's Call for Unionization is 'a 1930s Solution to a 2009 Problem,’ Economists Say", CNSNews.com, February 19, 2009.
↑ Ben Smith, "Union bill creates jobs—for GOP ops", Politico, March 9, 2009.
↑ Barbara Comstock, editorial: "Big Labor Power Grab," Washington Times, October 27, 2008.
↑ "Corallo Comstock," Lobbyists.info (sub req'd), accessed March 2009.
Barbara Comstock, editorial: "Big Labor Power Grab," Washington Times, October 27, 2008.
Ben Smith, "Union bill creates jobs—for GOP ops", Politico, March 9, 2009.
Holly Rosenkrantz, "Union bills to go before lawmakers: Legislation making it easier to form a union will be introduced in the House and Senate", Denver Post, March 10, 2009. (This is a Bloomberg story).
"Fox News allowed Diaz to criticize EFCA without noting his affiliation with group opposing it", Media Matters of America, March 10, 2009.
"Fox's Wilson aired economist's attacks on EFCA without noting her study's industry funding", Media Matters of America, March 10, 2009.
This article is a stub. You can help by expanding it.
Retrieved from "https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Workforce_Fairness_Institute&oldid=410981"
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1680
|
__label__wiki
| 0.757202
| 0.757202
|
Editor's choiceMilitary 10.04.2019 - 1,795 views
‘F-35 Curse’: Another F-35 Crashed During Training Mission, Now In Japan 4.8888888888889 out of 5 based on 9 ratings. 9 user reviews.
‘F-35 Curse’: Another F-35 Crashed During Training Mission, Now In Japan
F-35A joint strike fighter. Click to see full-size image
On April 10th, Japan’s Self-Defense Forces confirmed that one of its F-35A joint strike fighters crashed into the sea off the Aomori Prefecture in the norther of the country.
The Self-Defense Force and Coastguard dispatched vessels to carry out search and rescue operations. A spokesperson confirmed that the wreckage was recovered but the pilot was still missing.
Eight ships and seven aircraft, including a U.S. Navy P-8 Orion maritime patrol plane, are taking part in search and rescue efforts.
It is yet unclear what the reason behind the crash was, since officials said the pilot was accompanied by 3 other F-35A fighter jets on a training mission on April 9th.
Initially officials claimed there were no reports of a problem prior to losing contact.
Later on April 10th, Defense Minister Takeshi Iwaya told reporters that the pilot had signaled that he needed to abort the training mission shortly before communication was lost and the aircraft disappeared from radar.
The aircraft was at the front of a group of four planes out for training maneuvers when it sent an “aborting practice” signal and then disappeared from the radar, Iaway said.
“We’ll need to cooperate with the US forces and I believe arrangements are being made for this,” also adding that the priority was to determine the cause of the accident.
A Japanese Self-Defense Forces spokesperson said that the fighter jet was less than 1 year old and was delivered in May 2018. It was the first to be assembled in Japan and flew for 28 minutes before going down. The plane had logged a total of 280 hours in the air since its first flight.
13 F35As are currently deployed at Misawa Air Base in northern Japan, and it’s set to become the country’s next-generation mainstay fighter. The remaining 12 F-35A fighter jets are grounded while the investigation is being conducted.
The manufacturer, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd was asked by Reuters to provide a comment, but there was no response. The lost aircraft cost 14 billion yen ($125.98 million), several million dollars more than one purchased directly from the United States.
The Japanese F-35A, according to reports was the first ever A variant of the joint strike fighter to crash.
A F-35B fighter jet crashed after a short take off and landing (STOVL) near the Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort in South Carolina in September, prompting a temporary grounding of the aircraft. It’s believed the cause of the crash was the result of a faulty fuel tube.
Lockheed Martin is also currently working on a C variant to operate off carriers.
Following the September incident, the entire F-35 fleet was grounded for inspection. Israel and Australia also grounded their fleets.
Earlier, in 2017 Australia grounded its F-35 fighter jets after a promised fix was not implemented.
Despite “only” 2 F-35s crashing, the most expensive military project ever continues to be plagued by constant issues. The F-35 program is expected to cost most than $1.5 trillion over the course of its 55-year lifespan, although the cost of each aircraft is expected to fall to $80 million by 2020.
A report from January 30th, 2019 obtained by Bloomberg showed that service-life of initial F-35B short-takeoff-vertical landing jets bought by Marine Corps “is well under” expected service life of 8,000 fleet hours; “may be as low as 2,100″ hours Pentagon test office said in 2018 annual report.
US Acting Defense Secretary Patrick Shanahan told reporters that the F-35 fighter jet “has a lot of opportunity for more performance.”
“Interim reliability and field maintenance metrics to meeting planned 80% goal not being met, test office director Robert Behler said in new assessment as improvements “are still not translating into improved availability”
Current fleet performance “well below” that benchmark
Cybersecurity testing of aircraft in 2018 showed some previous vulnerabilities “still have not been remedied,” assessment says
Amount of time needed to repair aircraft and return to flying status “has changed little” in 2018; remains “higher than” rate needed to indicate progress as aircraft fleet numbers and flying hours increase, assessment says
Computerized maintenance tool known as “ALIS” doesn’t “yet perform as intended,” as some data and functions deficiencies “have a significant effect on aircraft availability” and launching flights
Maintenance personnel, pilots “must deal with pervasive problems with data integrity, completeness on a daily basis,” tester says
Testing through September of Air Force model gun intended for air-to-ground attack indicates accuracy “unacceptable,” DoD tester said”
Only 280 hours of flight and it crashed? This is a very bad one.
Concrete Mike
Fuck the plane, pilot is still missing!
Maybe the helmet killed him.
Promitheas Apollonious
nope, is just made in america, expect more of the same.
kill the pilots.
kill the passengers.
keep the shareholders happy.
small wings………… shit happens.
jj from aussie
When you place all of your eggs in one half winged, paper thin skinned, flawed basket case of multi million lines of code to keep it in the air, there is only one resultant conclusion, the pilot is a sure candidate for collateral damage buried by profit.
Even HardOff has a 3 month warranty for every kind of trinket.
Its time for the East to grow some balls, and stop cucking to the new corporate world order.
The Axis should now consider seizing every western asset sitting in Asia. I mean like google amazon facebook starbucks coca cola, all the banks, everything.
Asians are war hardened mofos, and can handle anything. But westerners will cry for sure, and even run to their jew friends for protection.
The west thinks their nukes will protect them, but aucontraire their nukes will spell their end (they are athiest pagans who have no concept of retribution or hell). Its better to punish them now to save them lest we dirty our own hands by letting them exist.
Sephy
It had to crash to show off it’s stealthiness so that it could disappear from the radar.
iosongasingsing
This jet in common with the Sukoi has only the number 35, so the Egyptians want the Russian original.
Alberto Garza
maybe the pilot turned off its transpopnder and landed in russia or china its a stealth aircraft after all
Not a good advert.
Schadenfreude much? :D
This shows what a waste having such an expensive aircraft can be, as most countries can only afford a handful so each inevitable crash represents not only a terrible waste of taxpayer money, each loss will be deeply felt as there are so few of them to begin with. The Netherlands had about 200+ F-16’s at the height of the Cold War, we lost about 20-30 in crashes, that still left a significant force to carry on. We can only afford about 35. You lose one or two per year and that will significantly decrease your fighting strength over time. I reckon that only the US and Israel will not be impacted by this as the US will just print more money to buy more aircraft and Israel will just order the US to give them more aircraft.
Having said that, in all seriousness though, while it is fun to make fun of the flying lemon, so far the number of aircraft that have become permanent garden ornaments is still not out of the ordinary. More will probably start to crash as more will enter service with more and more countries.
Jan Lavicka
the inferiror and under-human terrorists are falling down, nothing but good
Brian Michael Bo Pedersen
“… the aircraft disappeared from radar”
So the JSDF confirms its not a stealth plane/the stealth properties does not work?
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1681
|
__label__cc
| 0.745735
| 0.254265
|
show All ephemera (1) exhibition catalogue (4)
Street Works II
Vito Hannibal Acconci, Terence Anderson, Arakawa, Gregory Battcock, Matthew Benedict, Michael Brownstein, Scott Burton, James Lee Byars, Rosemarie Castoro, Eduardo Costa, Bill Creston, Larry Fagin, Madeline Gins, John Giorno, Bobbi Gormley, Tom Gormley, Dan Graham, Katherine Greef, Stephen Kaltenbach, Joseph Kosuth, Leandro Katz, Alcides Lanzy, Lucy Lippard, Rosemary Mayer, Ben Patterson, John Perreault, Lil Picard, Adrian Piper, H Alexander Roberts, Marjorie Strider, Mr. T., Bernar Venet, Frank Lincoln Viner, Anne Waldman, Lewis Warsh, Luis Wells, Hannah Weiner, Lawrence Weiner
Flyer / announcement published to promote events held between 13th and 14th Streets and 6th and 5th Avenues, New York City, on April 18, 1969. Participating artists include Vito Hannibal Acconci, Terence Anderson, Arakawa, Gregory Battcock, Matthew Benedict, Michael Brownstein, Scott Burton, James Lee Byars, Rosemarie Castoro, Eduardo Costa, Bill Creston, Larry Fagin, Madeline Gins, John Giorno, Bobbi Gormley, Tom Gormley, Dan Graham, Katherine Greef, Stephen Kaltenbach, Joseph Kosuth, Leandro Katz, Alcides Lanzy, Lucy Lippard, Rosemary Mayer, Ben Patterson, John Perreault, Lil Picard, Adrian Piper, H Alexander Roberts, Marjorie Strider, Mr. ... [details]
[New York], [NY]: , 1969
[unpaginated]
The Negro Artist Comes of Age : A National Survey of Contemporary American Artists
John Davis Hatch Jr., Alain Locke, William E. Artis, Henry W. Bannarn, Richmond Barthe, Romare Bearden, Eloise Bishop, Selma Hortense Burke, William Carter, Elizabeth Catlett, Claude Clark, Eldzier Cortor, Ernest Crichlow, Joseph Delaney, Aaron Douglas, Fred C. Flemister, Rex Goreleigh, Palmer Hayden, Sargent C. Johnson, William H. Johnson, Lois Mailou Jones, Ronald Joseph, Jacob Lawrence, Norman Lewis, Edward L. Loper, Archibald J. Motley, Frank W. Neal, Marion Perkins, Horace Pippin, James A. Porter, William Edouard Scott, Charles Sebree, Hughie Lee Smith, Thelma Johnson Streat, James L. Wells, Charles White, Ellis Wilson, John Wilson, Vernon Winslow, Hale Woodruff
Exhibition catalogue published in conjunction with survey held January 3 - February 11, 1945. Text by John Davis Hatch, Jr. and Alain Locke. Artists include: William E. Artis, Henry W. Bannarn, Richmond Barthe, Romare Bearden, Eloise Bishop, Selma Hortense Burke, William Carter, Elizabeth Catlett, Claude Clark, Eldzier Cortor, Ernest Crichlow, Joseph Delaney, Aaron Douglas, Fred C. ... [details]
Albany, NY: Albany Institute of History and Art, 1945
Impressions Expressions : Black American Graphics
Richard J. Powell, David Hammons, James L. Wells, Scipio Moorhead, Patrick Reason, Albert Alexander Smith, Sargeant Johnson, Raymond Steth, Dox Thrash, Elizabeth Catlett, Jay Moon, Mildred Thompson, Nefertiti, Lev Mills, Allan Edmunds, Percy Martin, Winston Kennedy, Stephanie Pogue, Claude Clark, Phillis Thompson, Hale Woodruff, William E. Smith, Samuel Brown
Exhibition catalogue published in conjunction with show held at the Studio Museum in Harlem, New York, October 7, 1979 - January 6, 1980. Traveled to The Gallery of Art, Howard University, Washington, D. ... [details]
New York, NY: Studio Museum of Harlem, 1979
Book & Boookends : Sculptural Approaches
Carol Barton, Henry Barrow, Frances Loyd, Maryline Poole Adams, Dottie Allen, Kathleen Amt, Lynne Avadenka, James Bailey, Pat Baldwin, Michael Bartalos, Carolyn Berry, Carol Chase Bjerke, Nizette Brennan, Franes Butler, Chip Sullivan, Martha Carothers, Suzanne Codi, James Colwell, Don Cook, Laura Davidson, Jane Freeman, Mary Cecile Gee, Susan kae Grant, William Harroff, Martin Hatcher, David Horton, Susan Kiefer Hughes, Edward H. Hutchins, Mary Jane Kidd, Kumi Korf, Hedi Kyle, Monique Lallier, Dara Larson, Helen Lessick, Dan Mayer, Scott L. McCarney, Richard McClintock, Jeanette McGrath, Clifton Meador, Louise Odes Neaderland, Kristin Otte, Marcia Palazzolo, Teresa Pankratz, Anne Patterson, JoAnna Poehlmann, Carl A. Porter, G. Quinn, Marie Ringwald, Marilyn R. Rosenberg, Robert M. Rufsvold, Bill Schmidt, Mike Shaffer, Elena Mary Siff, Diane Stemper, Larry B. Thomas, Carmen Tostado, Edin Velez, Douglas M. Williams, Joan Wolbier, Pamela Zwehl-Burke, Ellen B. Wells
Exhibition catalogue published in conjunction with show held at Strathmore Hall Arts Center, Rockville, Maryland, December 1, 1989 - January 6, 1990. Traveled to Washington County Museum of Fine Arts, Hagerstown, Maryland, July 1 - August 26, 1990; Goucher College, Baltimore, Maryland, September 4 - October 8, 1990; Washington College, October 15 - November 11, 1990; Peninsula Fine Arts Center, Newport News, Virginia, November 17 - December 23, 1990. ... [details]
Bethesda, MD: Popular Kinetics Press, 1990
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1684
|
__label__wiki
| 0.857575
| 0.857575
|
The County Well
About County Well
Music & Videos
Fan Club Store
County Well gets creative and free on the debut release “Future Country”Future Country is an album that embodies the idea of musical collaboration and sonic experimentation within the underground country music scene of Northern California. The project, County Well, is led by musician and recording engineer Don Zimmer with the goal of connecting the talents of both local and traveling musicians. “Being free and creative were the main goals of this project,” says Zimmer. “And the name County Well comes from the idea of growing the well of musical collaborators in the area.”
The genesis of the project was Zimmer connecting with Graham Guest of the Houston, TX based band Moses Guest. “We started writing and collaborating together,” says Zimmer, “and then I would use anyone that came by the studio that had musical talent. We just asked ourselves how much fun we could have trying different things.” The answer to that question seems to be “a lot,” as the album consistently shifts under your feet like a smooth, psychedelic carnival ride.
The album opens with the comforting bluesy swells of a pedal steel guitar, played by Joel Jaffe, on “Alabama,” but quickly shifts into an upbeat tempo as drums and bass play in a near-polyrhythmic groove. The album opener sets the stage with punctuated shifts of beats and sounds that are found throughout the album.
Recording projects that have this much collaboration usually lack in a sense of rhythm and groove as musicians typically overplay parts, making the songs sound crowded–like too many people talking in a room. Future Country never allows that to happen. Zimmer starts with distinctive rhythms and determinedly keeps them to the end. “I would start with a click track and build everything from there,” says Zimmer. “The rhythmic aspect had to be tightened down. I wanted it to sound like a band playing together.”
The second track, “Mrs. Soul” features the talents of Eric Yates from Hot Buttered Rum on flute. Yates, a multi-instrumentalist, is responsible for many of the surprises the album holds. “Eric is so amazing on anything,” says Zimmer. “We could say ‘let’s try a flute’ and it works!”
The third track, “Baby,” drops the drums from the mix and allows the acoustic instruments to pave the way showing that northern California’s history of underground country music is still alive and well. A fun romp with vocal lines and harmonies that could seamlessly transfer to any bluegrass band.
Studio albums can serve as a snapshot of a band’s live sound, or they can be treated as a blank canvas with sounds and instruments layered like brushstrokes. Future Country is every bit of the blank canvas project. Zimmer was not confined by recording costs or time constraints and the end result is much more in line with the recording styles of great experimentalists like the Grateful Dead and Barefoot Jerry, but with the carefree vibe of New Riders of the Purple Sage.
Keep an eye out for County Well performances in Northern California as well as Future Country Vol. 2. “I want to build a sense of community around this project,” says Zimmer. “So many bands go inside themselves and don’t let anyone else in. I want the opposite of that. Some of these musicians have never met each other, I want everyone to meet and be aware of what each other is doing.”
– Brian Swenk
When you shop The County Well Fan Club Store you are directly supporting the artist!
Home Grown Music Network
https://homegrownmusic.net/store/cd/the-county-well-future-country-cd/
Homegrown Music Network
https://homegrownmusic.net/product-reviews/the-county-well-future-country-cd/
Indie Pulse Music
Rocking the Seven Seas: Interview with Floating Records’ Founder, Don Zimmer
County Well Fan Club Sign-up
Join the County Well Fan Club and receive updates and discounts on merchandise.
More Fan Pages
April 8, 2019 /by S067records
Jeffrey Halford And The Healers
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1690
|
__label__cc
| 0.610286
| 0.389714
|
Last updated by Rich Orr on November 04, 2016 11:02
Above the Fold
People always talk about keeping the key content "Above the Fold" but what does that actually mean? Well the section "Above the Fold" means, the part of the message which is visible without scrolling. The material and content in this section of the screen is considered to be more valuable because the recipient/reader will see this first. The term "Above the Fold" was originally used as a printing term but it has transitioned across to the world of Websites, Email and other forms of marketing. Unlike printed forms of marketing, the fold within emails can't always be predictable, as the fold is affected by several things - including screen resolution, the size of the user's preview pane as well as headers and advertising within their email client.
Affiliate programmes are a good way to drive traffic to your website. Essentially you the owner of the website pay other website owners a commission for driving traffic to your site via links they post on their site that either drive traffic to a page, lead to a purchase or other action that you have previously agreed.
An API is an Application Programming Interface. Essentially it is software talking to other software behind the scenes and is complete invisible to the user. It enables actions to happen that require the intervention of more than one piece of software. For instance if you make a purchase online and enter your card details onto the website concerned, an API is used to take send those card details and reference them elsewhere to check they are legitimate and accurate before allowing the transaction to complete. So the API will allow for checks with your bank or card issuer to confirm the details provided are correct. All of this will happen without you having to do or see anything.
As the name suggests an automated response that is sent out via email to a contact who has previously done or requested something. So for instance, when a contact signs up to your newsletter via your website, you can create an autoresponder to be sent to thank them for signing up and confirming you have received their request. You can also schedule autoresponders to be sent at timed intervals, after certain events occur or actions are performed. You only need to create the email in the first place and then specify the times and occasions you want it to be sent. Everything else is magically done for you saving you time and a lot of effort in responding to each email individually.
Batch update/Update Many
A batch update generally applies to the process of updating groups of records rather than a single item. For example, imagine if you wanted to add 100 of your contacts to your shiny new CRM system. Of course you could add them one at a time, but how much easier it would be if you could perform a 'batch update' and add them all at the same time? That’s exactly what Batch Updates allow you to do.
Blacklists come in all shapes and sizes, from Public blacklists to Private blacklists. Essentially, if you get added to a blacklist it means that you have been tagged as a "known" source of spam emails and your emails won't reach people who are using that form of blacklist. Public blacklists are public and you can check to see if you are on them however, private blacklists are kept behind closed doors and are very hard to try and get off them
Bulk Folder
Also referred to as "Junk" or "Spam" folders in some email clients
CAN-SPAM Act
The CAN-SPAM Act is the popular name for the US Law which regulates commercial emails (Full name - Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003)
Click Through
Describes the action of clicking onto a link within an email or advertisement. Typically, most email campaigns will include links that take the reader to a particular page of a website belonging to the company sending out the communication. Click Through Rate (CTR) tracks the frequency of this and analysis of what communications generate higher CTRs can help optimise a company’s marketing effectiveness.
If you access your personal email through either Hotmail, Yahoo or similar, or have maybe performed some online banking, then you have used cloud computing. Essentially it means that you can access certain software and services anywhere you happen to be (through a web based program) and so only need internet access to be able to do so. Although there are many benefits to cloud computing such as remote accessibility, and reducing the need for expensive software, some also believe there are downsides such as an increased security risk or obvious problems if the internet cannot be accessed.
Complaint Rate
The Complaint Rate is the ratio of unique complaints from an email campaign. In essence, a Complaint is where someone clicks the button "This is Junk" or "This is Spam" within email clients such as Hotmail, Yahoo!, Gmail, etc.
Stands for Customer Relationship Management. You’ll see a number of definitions but in simple terms CRM is about better managing the relationship you have with your contacts (prospective customers) and (actual) customers. CRM systems help a business manage, record and track all of their communications with a customer online meaning that anyone within the business can view the most recent transactions, communications and conversations with any customer or contact. The overall effect is created through improved and more targeted communications, better sharing of information within a team and a simpler more effective way to manage customer data.
Comma Separated Values. A meaningless name really to most mere mortals but essentially it’s a file format that contains data in a tabular form, usually numbers and text, where the values are separated by a comma, (for example 12/12/2011, 1234, Mr Smith, £33.99). CSV files are compatible across a variety of programmes and so are often used to transfer data from one programme to another. In the case of CRM, you might be changing from one system to another, and you’d be likely to use a CSV file to transfer your contacts from the existing CRM system to a spreadsheet that you can then upload into the new CRM system.
In simple terms, a way of customising a database, spreadsheet or set of data. Custom fields are used to categorise information using certain criteria that may be unique to a particular organisation. For instance, you could use custom fields within your contacts database to identify contacts who live in a certain area or town, have bought a particular product from you or even their birthday. By creating custom fields you can identify and create more targeted marketing campaigns.
In this sense, not the one you find in your car, but a similar concept in that a dashboard displays a set of information to you. Sometimes also called a user interface, it could be the homepage of your CRM system for instance that you can customise to always show the information you feel most relevant.
Refers to the whole subject area of getting your emails delivered to the right place
Delivered/Successful
Delivered/Successful referes to the successfully delivered emails which have been received by the intended recipients. This is generally thought of as the total number of emails sent minus bounced emails
Double opt in
When a contact has already gone through the single opt in process and now actively confirms for a second time that they wish to receive communications from your business. Usually by clicking on a link you send to them in an email sent in response to their signing up to your newsletter or similar via your website.
An email client is the program which is used to read emails and to send emails. As opposed to an email server, which transports the emails, an email client is what the user interacts with in order to make, send and receive emails. There are many different email clients out there, from Outlook, Hotmail, Yahoo, Gmail and hundreds of others.
Email marketing campaign
An email that is send to a group of recipients to create interest in your business. There are a number of objectives to email marketing campaigns, including increasing sales, generating publicity for your brand, updating customers on events and news, or informing them about aspects of your business.
The feedback loop is the mechanism, process and signal that are looped back to control a system within itself. For Mailbox Providers, a feedback loop provides signals from subscribers to determine what is wanted email versus inwanted. Mailbox providers also offer FBL programes to senders wishing to remove users that complain about emails they receive via the "This is Junk" or "This is Spam" buttons, it is through these processes that we help to keep you safe when sending emails
From Line
The From Line indicates who the sender of the email is. Typically comprised of a Friendly From Address and a Friendly From name, which is usually the sender's name and their company's name
Google needs no introduction we feel but if you have never looked into how Google Analytics may be able to help you evaluate the success of your online marketing, you’re missing out! In essence it helps you track and evaluate the success of your website and online campaigns in attracting site and page visits, traffic from different sources and conversion to certain objectives.
Hard bounce
A term used to describe what happens when an email is undeliverable to the recipient, and does not reach the recipients email server. This is usually because their email address is invalid or incorrect.
Stands for Hyper-Text Markup Language. Essentially the language that web pages are written in by programmers and web creators to ensure a web site’s pages display correctly when viewed.
A piece of online text or image that once clicked takes the reader to another web page or online document. Usually underlined and in a different colour to the rest of the text.
Inactives within an email campaign as normally defined by the fact that they have not registered an open or a click within an email campaign
Internet Service Provider. Essentially the organisation and service provider that enables you to connect to the Internet.
List Fatigue
List Fatigue is a condition of your list which is producing deminished return IE lower open rates over time, etc this can be caused by users sending our the same messages, offers or just generally the same form of messages out all of the time which results in people ignoring/overlooking your emails in the future
You may want to utilise the information you hold on your contacts in your database (such as name and address) in a letter or mailshot that goes through the good old fashioned post. Mailmerge automates this process for you by automatically combining the content (your letter for example) with the contact details and creates a new personalised document for each specified contact. You can also produce address labels via mailmerge too. Most CRM systems enable you to do this quickly and simply.
MTA (Mail Transfer Agent)
Mail Transfer Agent is a server application which accepts email messages for relay or delivery to recipients. Essentially, it is the technology which sends your emails out
Opens/Unique Opens
Simply put this is the measure of how many recipients open or click on an email you send them. The most accurate figure of course to track is Unique Opens which tells you only how many individuals opened the email once rather than also including in the stats the same recipient opening it numerous times.
The Opt Out is where someone no longer wants to receive your emails/communications from you. This can be done via the unsubscribe links that are required to be included in every campaign but also via the complaint process. It also refers to the way that data is collected, the majority of Countries are OPT-IN and not OPT-Out, this means that people have to do an action to say "Yes, I want to receive emails from company X " rather than them having to UNTICK a box and opt out of the the mailings.
Permission based marketing
Quite simply the practice of marketing to contacts that have given you their permission to do so.
A form of identity theft in which scammers/spammers use an authentic looking email to trick recipients into giving out sensitive personal information, such as credit card or bank accounts. It also refers to the technique where people type a web address into an email but then embed a different link behind it.
Preview Pane
The Preview Pane is often referred to when talking about how people view their emails, it refers to the main viewer found within Outlook, Hotmail, etc when you do a single click on an email, rather than a double click which opens it up separately
Software as a Service is the term used to describe software that you access and use but don’t actually purchase outright and then download. So for instance you might pay a monthly subscription to access and use a CRM system but if you stop paying that monthly subscription you will no longer be able to use the software.
Sometimes also called a Sales Funnel, it’s a term used by people within Sales (no prizes for guessing that one) that identifies a series of steps each prospective customer goes through on the journey to (hopefully) becoming an actual customer. Typically starting as a ‘new opportunity’, followed by ‘initial contact’, through to ‘solution evaluation’, ‘negotiation’ and ‘purchase order’. CRM systems are helpful in tracking the sales pipeline process and allowing anyone involved with that prospective customer to see at what stage they are at in the process.
Search Engine Optimisation is the art of ensuring your website appears high up in search engine’s results. Many factors affect SEO but ensuring your site contains the right keywords to describe the content of your site to the search engine is crucial.
Single opt in
When a contact has indicated that they agree for you to contact them, by email or SMS for example. They may have signed up for communications via your website or you may have spoken to them at a tradeshow and taken their details.
Soft bounce
A term used to describe what happens when an email does reach the recipient’s email server but is undelivered to a recipient even though their email address is valid. This might happen if the recipient’s email inbox is full but the message could still be delivered at another time.
Spam is usually associated with email but can also apply to any other forms of communication such as SMS and direct mail. Essentially it is the practice of indiscriminately sending bulk marketing or communications to recipients you do not have a relationship with and who have not given you their permission to do so. Said to be named after the infamous Monty Python spam sketch where the only thing on the menu was…you guessed it, spam.
Spam Traps
Spam Traps are a way that ISPs (Internet Service Providers) can track who is spamming and who isn't. Basically, if an email address hasn't been used in a long time, they take it over and leave it as an active email address so they can monitor the emails that are sent in. If you send an email to a spam trap it normally downgrades your sending score, meaning other emails you send to that email client might not reach their destination
This list contains the email addresses of any contacts or customers who have decide to opt out of receiving communications from you by unsubscribing. CRM systems will hold their email addresses in a suppression list so that each time you send out a new campaign, it actively ‘suppresses’ that address and does not send to it.
Reply To Address
The email address that receives messages sent from users who click "reply" in their email clients. This can be different from the "From" email address which the campaign was sent from.
With all forms of marketing, you should segment your data to become really targetted in what you do. Segmentation is the ability to slice a list of contacts up into smaller, more targetted groups.
Spam is unsolicited email, basically email which you never actually signed up for or opted in to receive. Around 68.8% of the world's email traffic is thought to be spam.
Spam Filters are the gate keepers to the recipient's inboxes, they determine what will and what won't be allowed in based upon different criteria
This is the practice of regulating how many email messages a broadcaster sends to one mailbox provider or mail server at a time. Some mailbox providers bounce email if it receives too many messages.
When a customer decides they no longer want to receive communications from your business they click on the unsubscribe link in the email to notify you and effectively are requesting you to remove them from your mailing list. By law any company engaging with customers or contacts via email must include an unsubscribe link within the email to give recipients the option to unsubscribe at any time. Companies that do not adhere to the legal requirements on unsubscribing not only run the risk of being blacklisted by ISPs (for spamming) but can also be reported to the Information Commissioners Office for the UK who uphold the Data Protection Act and other consumer protection laws.
An online version of a paper form, webforms are built into websites and gather information that a user enters through a series of check boxes and fields. This could include personal and credit card information for a purchase on an e-commerce site, or simply be how someone signs up to your email newsletters.
Whitelists
A list of contacts that the user deems are acceptable to receive email from and should not be filtered or sent to the trash/junk/spam folder
What you See is What you Get. A slightly strange term to describe the way in which you might put together an email campaign or copy and content for a web page. Essentially WYSIWYG means that as you create text and content, say within an email editor, it will be displayed to you exactly as it will appear in its final form – either within the finished email that you will send or on the published web page.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1693
|
__label__cc
| 0.546005
| 0.453995
|
View Obituary Hartford Courant Obituaries
David J. "Grampa Dave" Coons
David J. "Grampa Dave" Coons, 80, of North Granby, beloved husband for 50 years of the late Ruth (Ropiak) Coons, passed away on Monday, May 20, 2019, surrounded by his family at Hartford Hospital. Born in Hartford on March 19, 1939, son of the late Paul and L. Harriett (MacArthur) Coons, he was raised in the Unionville section of Farmington and was a graduate of Farmington High School, Class of 1958. David married his high school sweetheart in 1961 and the young couple moved to Hartford and then to Granby in 1968 where they raised their three children. A retiree of the Cigna Insurance Company, David worked as a copy services manager for 40 years. In his spare time, he enjoyed watching the New York Yankees and NASCAR. Most of all, David enjoyed the simple pleasures in life, watching his grandchildren, helping his family, and sitting out on his deck and relaxing on a nice afternoon. He leaves three children, Michael Bailey Coons and his wife Celine of Windsor, Robert Coons and his wife Whitney of North Granby, and Elizabeth Kellogg and her husband Richard of East Granby; seven grandchildren, Jessica Coons, Jennifer Kellogg, Jason Kellogg, Caleb McMullin, Jacob Coons, Melanie Kellogg, and Logan Coons; a brother, Jonathan Coons of Bethel, VT; a sister, Leanna Harper of Vernon; and many nieces and nephews. His family will receive friends on Monday, May 27, 4-7 p.m., at the Hayes-Huling & Carmon Funeral Home, 364 Salmon Brook St., Granby. Burial will be private in Granby Cemetery. Memorial donations may be made to the Granby Ambulance Association, 1 Pegville Rd., Granby, CT 06035. For online condolences please visit, www.carmonfuneralhome.com .
Hayes-Huling & Carmon Funeral Home
364 Salmon Brook Street
Granby, CT 06035
364 Salmon Brook Street, Granby, CT 06035
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1695
|
__label__cc
| 0.739797
| 0.260203
|
Tag Archive | thanksgiving
in Adolescence, community
Oh There’s No Place Like Homes for Thanksgivingkah
Yes. I know I really botched up the words of that song. But with the odd concurrence of Thanksgiving and the first light of Chanukah falling on the same night, and our first trip back to Rochester since departing for Detroit, my family feels like they are going through some surreal times.
Rochesterians, very well-meaning and sincere, actually said it to me:
“Are you glad to be home?”
The word “home” was not something I expected to hear out of the mouths of my many Rochesterian friends and acquaintances I saw in the weekend leading up to Thanksgiving.
This is a homecoming of a sort. For my kids. Because after I checked off every last detail of what to pack, what to turn off and turn down in our new house. After the kids packed whatever they needed to eat and entertain themselves in the car. After the last seat belt had been clicked and the six-hour trek from Detroit to Rochester lay before us, my children said it:
“We are going home.”
Yes. Rochester is their home. Where they spent the better part of their formative years. It’s where two of three of them took their first steps and all of them lost their first teeth. It’s where their friends live who know them best. Who share some weird private jokes, shared histories, and their own strange way of talking in a fake accent.
For me, Rochester is not home. New York City is home. Or is it? I haven’t lived in the area for almost 20 years.
I am trying to make Detroit home. But it’s tough to make it home when we leave it for holidays. It’s not a home if there are no aromas of turkey and stuffing , and this year, the smell of potato latkes frying in a pan, and the sounds of grandparents, siblings and cousins hanging out in the family room. It’s just a house we live in.
Because home is where you go for the holidays. And if the majority of family do not live in your current city of residence, like the way smaller celestial bodies are drawn to larger ones in the universe, the pull is greater the other way. So home we must go.
Still, Rochester feels a lot like home now that we no longer live here. Yesterday, we spent the day in some old familiar places trying to catch up with as many people as possible. We got hugs everywhere. We are missed. And thought of. I lost track of how many hugs I gave and received. It truly was a homecoming.
But there are places you really cannot return. My youngest wanted to go into his old house. That, we told him, was off limits. He was able to peek into the downstairs family room and said he didn’t like how the new owners painted it blue.
The big kids tried to loiter in visit their old high school. To them, that was home too. They had it all planned out. They would enter the building in the morning, loaded backpacks slung on backs and blend into the stream of hundreds of other teens before the morning homeroom bell. Either in the library or cafeteria they would study and receive friends, and hugs, during their free periods.
But their old principal, who had known them since their elementary school days, apparently never forgets a face. And, knowing that these two faces had moved to Detroit, he kindly but firmly told them that new high school policy forbids non students to visit during school hours. But he gave them a valiant A for effort.
Sometimes, you really can’t go home.
in advice, Family Life, Food
Pareve Pumpkin Pie
photo found on marthastewartliving website
Everyone in my nuclear family loves LOVES pumpkin pie. And for only the second time in 12 years, my pumpkin-pie eating little family of five will not be going over the NY Thruway and through any tunnels or bridges to New York City. Nope, as much as we love seeing the family and sitting in 10 hours of traffic, this year, we are staying put.
When you are Transplantednorth, there are some disadvantages of being a nuclear family in a town where it seems you are surrounded by friends who all have extended family in town. Come holidays like Thanksgiving, you once again become the disappearing transplant.
I’m not complaining, really. This was my choice to stay “home.” But can a place be home where there are no extended family within 300 miles? The rest of the year, Rochester indeed feels like home. Come holidays, without aunts, uncles cousins and grandparents around, it can feel like how the Ingalls family must have felt on the wild, windblown frontier.
But this is a story about pareve pumpkin pie.
One small advantage of staying put (okay my kids will think a big advantage) is that at our Thanksgiving table, we’ll have pumpkin pie.
As much as she has tried to like it, my mom does not like anything pumpkin. My kids, however, can’t get enough of the orange stuff. I put it in breads, waffles and pancakes. I even made a pumpkin challah just so I can make pumpkin challah stuffing.
But, most of you know that pumpkin pie calls for milk, cream, condensed milk, or some other dairy ingredient. This poses a challenge to Jewish families like ours who observe the dietary laws of keeping kosher.
There are ways to get around the dairy dilemma by finding pareve ingredients.
What is pareve? Not many know. It is so esoteric, the word does not appear in the WordPress spellcheck.
It’s a term meaning food that is neither meat or dairy. It’s neutral. Like Switzerland. Does it taste as creamy and delicious as real cream? No. But, I’d rather have an imitation dairy dessert any day than serving a Tofurky at my Thanksgiving feast!
Here is the recipe. I based it on a recipe used from Martha Stewart Living, I just replaced the dairy ingredients with some stuff called Coffee Rich, found in the frozen section of most grocery stores. For those of you in upstate New York, I found this chemical-laden substance at Tops, and not Wegmans this year. But I still love you, Wegmans.
All-purpose flour, for surface
Pate Brisee for Traditional Pumpkin Pie
1 can (15 ounces) solid-pack pumpkin
1/2 teaspoon coarse salt
1/4 teaspoon freshly grated nutmeg
1 Cup Pareve Nondairy Creamer, like Coffee Rich
Ground cloves
Whipped cream, for serving
Preheat oven to 375 degrees. On a lightly floured surface, roll pate brisee disk 1/8 inch thick, then cut into a 16-inch circle. Fit circle into a 9-inch deep-dish pie dish, leaving a 1-inch overhang. Fold edges under.
Shape large, loose half circles at edge of dough, then fold into a wavelike pattern to create a fluted edge. Prick bottom of dough all over with a fork. Freeze for 15 minutes.
Cut a circle of parchment, at least 16 inches wide, and fit into pie shell. Fill with pie weights or dried beans. – Buy a premade Pareve piecrust. Bake until edges of crust begin to turn gold, about 15 minutes. Transfer to a wire rack, and let cool.
Meanwhile, whisk pumpkin, sugar, cornstarch, salt, cinnamon, ginger, nutmeg, vanilla, eggs, creamer, and a pinch of cloves in a large bowl.
Reduce oven temperature to 325 degrees. Transfer pie dish to a rimmed baking sheet, and pour pumpkin mixture into cooled crust. Bake until center is set but still a bit wobbly, 50 to 55 minutes. (If crust browns too quickly, tent edges with a strip of foil folded in half lengthwise.) Let cool in pie dish on a wire rack. Refrigerate until well chilled, at least 6 hours (preferably overnight.
in advice, cars, Culture, Dos and Don'ts, Family Life, Food, Road Trip, Travel
Over the River and Through the Woods: Tips from Thankful Road Warriors
How do you get from here to there?
Thank goodness for Thanksgiving. The long weekend affords most of us a breather from modern life’s breakneck pace. We pause to focus on coming together with family and friends, preparing a meal, tossing a football and sleeping late in your own bed.
But, if you are like my family – transplants – Thanksgiving means hitting the road. Or, heaven forbid, the airports. That is the only way the family-coming-together aspect of the holiday happens for us.
In our case, traveling is not as idyllic as over the river and through the woods. It’s more like Down the Thruway and over the Outerbridge Crossing to Staten Island We Go. Where there are hardly any woods left to go through.
For eleven years now, we have traveled to see our family every Thanksgiving but one. This is another consequence of being Transplantednorth. If you leave the area where one’s family roots are still entrenched, the roads are rarely traversed the other way. It’s just expected. We are the only part of the family “upstate.” We left. Everyone else still lives Home — the New York Metro Area. Or, in a term I only learned when transplantednorth – “downstate.”
And on Thanksgiving, just as the larger planet pulls on its smaller orbiting moons, down the Thruway we go.
One especially hectic year, we stayed in Rochester for Thanksgiving. The weather was beautiful – warm even — and we spent a relaxing weekend feasting and playing into the evening at the Brighton Town Hall playground. I prepared perhaps the only Thanksgiving feast I will ever make. I made the turkey on the barbecue. I made a chestnut stuffing ala Martha Stewart. Everything tasted delicious. But the lonely looks on my childrens’ faces taught me a lesson: Thanksgiving tables are too empty without grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins.
So, after traveling for 11 years with two and then three kids in tow, I have become thankful for a thing or two on what I have learned and would like to share them with you, especially if you are a novice at parenting on the go:
I am thankful that cries for Sippy cup refills and diaper changes have been replaced by three contented souls in the back who can pass snacks to each other, operate the remote to the car DVD player, and participate in family sing downs and games of 20 Questions.
I am thankful for every rest stop we have discovered between here and there, especially to kind workers who have supplied us with buckets, hoses and slop sinks for carsickness cleanups. Really, if you do have a kid that gets sick in the car, find a truck stop like the Flying J Travel Plazas that have showers and washing machines. The folks there are all too kind to help you in your distress.
I am thankful that we finally come “home,” we have relatives who bound down steps and out into driveways to greet us, no matter the lateness of the hour.
In our 11 years of travelling down to New York City, here are my family’s dos and don’ts when traveling the Western New York-to-New York City Route:
DO strap everything down very carefully. On our first trip back to Rochester, on a windy, windy passage of Route 78 in New Jersey, our Peg Perego Stroller came loose and flew off our roof rack. One minute, there it was, and then it was on the side of the road, thankfully killing or injuring no one in its catapulted flight.
If you are traveling with very young children that might become carsick, but may not alert you at the most opportune time that they will become carsick, DO pack a puke kit. This kit includes a roll of paper towels, a bottle of Lysol all-purpose liquid cleaner, and a change of clothes that is easily accessible.
If traveling with those same small children, DO invest in one of those Art Cart on the Go Tables that can be placed over a child’s lap. The Art Cart has legs that double as side pockets that keep paper, crayons and markers handy. Or, in the worst case scenario, those pockets also can come to the aid of the carsick child. I speak from experience.
For a meal break, DO stop in Scranton or Dickson City, Pa. It is exit 191 A or B on Route 81. Home of The Office, it is a great little town to stop for meals. If we hit Scranton for lunch or dinner, we eat at Tonalteca. The place is clean, the decor features hand crafted carved booths from Mexican artisans, and there are plenty of choices for vegetarians. The guacamole is outstanding. And, for those of you who get stir crazy in the car, they play great salsa music in the bathroom. If they have the security camera going by the sinks in the ladies room, they might have footage of me doing some salsa steps I learned in Zumba for all I know. Anything to work off that guacamole.
DON’T stop in the Poconos for any reason. There really is no place to stop. The gas stations for bathrooms have nothing more than outhouses or bathrooms around back that you have to carry in those huge keys for admittance. And, if you see a billboard for The Cheesecake Factory, don’t believe it. No, it isn’t The Cheesecake Factory, the upscale eatery. It’s just – a cheesecake factory. So, unless you want to sit in your car with your family consuming a cheesecake for a meal, ignore the sign and keep driving.
DO find the small village of Whitney Point along Route 81 and stop at Aiellos Italian Restaurant for the best pizza you can find in Western NY. And I am not saying this is good pizza for Western New York. I mean, this is thin-crust Brooklyn Pizza that somehow found its way to Western New York. And, the quaint restaurant in the back will be decked in its Christmas decorations this time of year. You won’t want to miss out on this.
And as for traffic…..
DON’T be anywhere near Binghamton or Syracuse on Sunday afternoon if you can at all avoid it: college kids coming back from Thanksgiving break.
DON’T go near the Delaware Water Gap if you don’t want to get stuck in traffic during peak hours
DON’T go over the George Washington Bridge or traverse the Cross Bronx Expressway. Ever.
Safe travels to you and a very happy Thanksgiving.
in Art, Books, Craft, Family Life, Home & Garden, Literacy, Photography, Preschool
Fall Leaves: Rake Many, Turn a Few into a Turkey
By now, in Western New York, the fall foliage has long reached its peak of yellows and reds.
Now, when I look up at the massive sugar maples in my neighborhood (the ones that are covered with snow in my homepage picture), sadly the branches are mostly bare. The only color they will be covered with over the next four months or so, is white.
Wherever you are living now, I bet you are thinking: how to get rid of all the leaves? Rake them? Mulch them? Sick the leaf blower on them?
But before you rake, blow, or mow every last leaf away and before the snows fall, admire the carpets of red and yellow that lie at your feet.
Then, save a few of nature’s castoffs for craft supplies that can last the whole winter through. Here’s how:
First, find a preschooler to help you with this task. They are low to the ground and can teach you how to appreciate the simple, beautiful perfection that is found in one leaf that is the color of fire.
Then, show that preschooler a telephone book. Theirs will probably the last generation that will actually come in contact with one of these volumes of bound, thin yellow paper volumes. None of them I bet ever had a parent use them as a makeshift booster seat or a stepstool. Show them that these yellow or white clunky books were once used by people to look up numbers for plumbers or dog groomers but now come in handy for pressing leaves.
Next take a few of your leafy treasures and pat them dry with a paper towel, and place them between the pages of the book.
While the leaves are drying and pressing, read to them a wonderful book like Leaf Man, by Lois Ehlert to get inspiration as to what to do with all those pressed leaves.
Our preschool class used leaves to represent the feathers of turkeys in our thanksgiving cards, like this:
Fall leaves are abundant - and free - and make for great crafts like this turkey
Send me your comments and pictures about what you made with your leaves.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1699
|
__label__wiki
| 0.65008
| 0.65008
|
← American Boy by Larry Watson
Go Fish →
Whorled by Ed Bok Lee
Excerpt From “Whorled”
Dear speaker in a future age,
when only a handful of tongues remain
I write this to you as a song,
even as I know it won’t do
Even as I know the words I speak are devastation
I don’t expect you to understand
But I want you to know
there is another language in which I dream
Whorled by Ed Bok Lee (2011, Coffee House Press)
In Whorled, Ed Bok Lee looks toward a global future, one where the dividing lines between state, religion, race, history, and culture have been blurred to the extent that the very idea of difference requires a new understanding. What does it mean to be a Global Citizen in an era of constant war, rampant industrialization, and ever-advancing technology? Whorled strives to give a voice to those left out with words of loss and longing, confrontation and celebration. From gambling Buddhists at a Midwest Native American casino, to a Russian rave, Lee’s ever-wandering cultural and spiritual nomads struggle to make sense of what it means to be a citizen of an increasingly homeless world.
“His poems are alternately devastating and grandstanding, word-drunk and built for speed. . . . There is another other/ in the other of every/ Another,” goes the opening poem, “All Love Is Immigrant.” It’s a beautiful poem charged with a breathtaking idea. Whorled is a book that believes love is like a superior kind of capital: It’s a force that flows into new markets, sensing absences, and fills them, whether it’s a debased kind of space or an ennobling one.” —John Freeman, Minneapolis Star Tribune
“The spirit of Lee’s poetry hovers in the paradoxical space between markers of identification and actual identity. He makes wry and rightly skeptical use of the noun cluster and the adjective train, but does so in service to something elusive, something more precious. It’s as if he glues together shards of glass to make a bottle only to celebrate what that bottle cannot hold. . . .There’s something post-Romantic about this—Lee writes frequently and without irony about love and friendship—but it is not indulgent or salvific. Even at his mooniest, Lee is more than a Matthew Arnold, a figure who cannot help but take the cacophony of the world as a personal insult. If the modern world is a problem, it’s a fascinating one, both despite and because of its crimes, both large and small, and Lee does this truth better than justice. . . .Whorled is not a book of clean lines and sharp corners, a book that’s also a box. It spills and erupts and makes a mess, but its lists expand and grow, as living things do. . . .”—Ray McDaniel, The Constant Critic
“In this book, Lee is the writer and traveler of not only distances but of time. His staccato free-verse style is dynamic as ever, better read aloud than in silence, with a greater maturity, and a discernible global perspective. . . . If Ed Bok Lee still carries the sense of being an immigrant, then language—the power of words is Lee’s turf, his citizenship. . . . Lee is a prolific and diverse writer.”—Korean Quarterly
“Ed Bok Lee‘s worldview is capacious. His poems seek out startlingly insightful perspectives and stories across the globe and on our very doorsteps. At times unexpectedly, his poems help us see the familiar in new ways and the unfamiliar in profoundly identifiable ways.”—Kartika Review
“Whorled is a courageous attempt to portray the intricate human workings at the heart of the dusty underbelly of the American dream. . . . It is a vision of constantly shifting politico-cultural systems where nationality is just one more playing card to keep up your sleeve and even love is “immigrant”—and therefore itinerant, and unsettled. . . . Rather than merely focus on the lack and lapses of “the System” against which the people fight, Ed Bok Lee’s Whorled poses the greater and more horrifying question: what if the absence of which we lament comes from within?”—Phati’tude Literary Magazine
“Bao Phi and Ed Bok Lee . . . comprise a local vanguard of Asian American literature, as poetic in their demolishing of stereotypes as they are determined.”—Minnesota Monthly, Artists We Love in the Fall 2011 Arts Preview
“All of the rawness of South Minneapolis streets enlivens the page. Lee never shies away from uncovering racial hierarchies, offering an uncompromising view of America, contradictions and all. Once again, Lee seeks a large canvas for his poetry. His second book, Whorled, encompasses global issues like the worldwide loss of culture and language.” —Minnesota Daily
“Lee’s exceptional Whorled is . . . a jolting gaze focused on today’s 21st-century global citizen, uprooted and unleashed. . . . Like his 2005 debut Real Karaoke People, Lee again provides searing ‘oh-my-gawd’-moments that will rip through your soul.”
—BookDragon (Smithsonian Asian Pacific American Program)
“Drawing from a well of personal experience, empathy and his fine-tuned imagination, Bok Lee sketches vivid characters caught on the fulcrum of history, where political machinations and cultural currents far outside their control meet. . . [H]is poems offer a reader: naked humanity and sensuous use of language, alluring melancholy and unvarnished insight and undercurrents of tempered fury and compassion that color his every word.”—KnightsArts (The Knight Foundation)
“Sometimes a poem stops you in your tracks. Today I had that experience while reading Ed Bok Lee’s new collection Whorled.”—Marianne Combs, MPR
“Whorled [is] an inquisitive, powerful, global exploration of identity, thrumming with insight and taut phrasing.”—City Pages
“These poems are filled with ‘a certain historical color of light.’ They’re funny, slyly political, and gorgeous. Working with a variety of forms and modes, Ed Bok Lee rocks my socks off. I love this book.” —Sherman Alexie
“These poems work in powerful concert to give body to an entire world of beauty, terror, loss, grief, and joy. The strength and magnetism of Lee’s voice come from his mind’s profound awareness of a person’s embeddedness in a context simultaneously personal and archetypal; social, historical, political, and cosmic. The self that emerges from these poems, sometimes as an archaeological find, sometimes as a mode of being proposed to face the complexity of our present life on earth, is characterized by a serious soul, a great broken heart, and a wild imagination. . . . What a moving read is Whorled.” —Li-Young Lee
“Elias Canetti remarked that a great writer must be for and against everything in the present time. In ways few Americans have attempted, Whorled takes on that challenge, deepening the reader into true soul work, grief and love for our human fragility. In poem after poem, Lee vividly explores knots of intersecting histories that connect the globe’s peoples in ways we have yet to take in and imagine.” —David Mura
“Atavistic arias and hip-hop haiku, memoir and mash-up, poetry and prose, Lee has serious game. Who else works with a lens this wide, this gracefully? Whorled will piss you off, crack you up, and leave you haunted by one of the most soulful love letters to language itself that you’ll ever read. ‘All love is immigrant,’ says this book rich with destinations, each one opening our hearts wider to the miracle of having an entire world to call home.” —Dobby Gibson
Shared via Coffee House Press
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1702
|
__label__cc
| 0.609694
| 0.390306
|
Home : Technical Terms : RDF Definition
Stands for "Resource Description Framework." RDF is a specification that defines how metadata, or descriptive information, should be formatted. The RDF model uses a subject-predicate-object format, which is a standardized way of describing something. For example, an RDF expression may read, "The computer has a hard drive that stores 250GB." "The computer" is the subject, "has a hard drive that stores" is the predicate, and "250GB" is the object.
RDF formatting is used in RSS feeds, which contain short descriptions of Web pages. The RDF standard helps ensure each description contains the subject, predicate, and object necessary to describe the page's content. While humans do not require descriptions to be formatted in such a specific way (we would actually find it rather monotonous), computers benefit from the standard formatting. For example, it makes it easier for computer systems to sort and index RSS feeds based on the RDF descriptions. The end result is more accurate results when people search for articles using keywords.
https://techterms.com/definition/rdf
This page contains a technical definition of RDF. It explains in computing terminology what RDF means and is one of many technical terms in the TechTerms dictionary.
All definitions on the TechTerms website are written to be technically accurate but also easy to understand. If you find this RDF definition to be helpful, you can reference it using the citation links above. If you think a term should be updated or added to the TechTerms dictionary, please email TechTerms!
‹ RDBMS | RDRAM ›
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1706
|
__label__cc
| 0.678719
| 0.321281
|
Corporate Directors to Convene in Geneva for World’s First-Ever Global Cyber Forum
Posted on January 25, 2018 by Asianet Pakistan
NACD to Host Global Boardroom and Cybersecurity Leaders to Elevate Cyber-Risk Oversight Practices
WASHINGTON, Jan. 25, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — The National Association of Corporate Directors (NACD), the authority on boardroom practices representing more than 18,000 corporate board members, today announced its 2018 Global Cyber Forum, which will be held April 17–18 in Geneva, Switzerland. This event recognizes the global nature of cyber threats and gives international scope to NACD’s efforts to drive board members’ greater understanding of, and role in, cybersecurity oversight.
An elite group of nonexecutive directors (NEDs) of multinational corporations, C-suite and managing-director-level executives, cybersecurity experts, global cybersecurity policy and law enforcement officials, and other thought leaders will attend the forum. Participants will examine leading board-level cyber-risk oversight practices and explore key themes that include cross-border law enforcement, the shifting global regulatory landscape, the impact of emerging technologies on cybersecurity, and leading practices in cyber hygiene. The forum will engage attendees in a cyberbreach simulation for interactive learning.
“As new threats arise amid increased global integration and connectivity, corporate boards need to be well-versed in their companies’ vulnerabilities in order to be prepared in the event of a cyberbreach,” said NACD CEO Peter Gleason. “Our primary goal is to provide NEDs and company leaders with practical information they can take back to the boardroom.”
The Right Honorable Baroness Pauline Neville-Jones, DCMG; former top British diplomat and Advisor to Prime Minister David Cameron; Chair of the Bank of England’s Cybersecurity Panel; Senior Advisor to Ridge-Schmidt Cyber; and Council Member of the UK Research Council
Olga Botero, Director and Chair of the Technology and Cyber Security Committee for EVERTEC Inc. and Former Chief Information Officer of Grupo Bancolombia
Greg Bell, Principal, Advisory Services, KPMG LLP
Anastassia Lauterbach, Director and Chair of the Technology and Innovation Committee for Dun & Bradstreet
Sara Grootwassink Lewis, Audit Committee Chair, Sun Life Financial, Weyerhaeuser Co., and PS Business Parks; Director, Leadership Board of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce Center for Capital Markets Competitiveness; and Trustee, Brookings Institution
Richard Spearman, Group Corporate Security Director, Vodafone Group PLC
Akhilesh Tuteja, Global Practice Colead, India Region, KPMG LLP
Jeff Brown, Vice President and Chief Information Security Officer, Raytheon Co.
Maya Bundt, Head, Cyber and Digital Solutions, Swiss Reinsurance Co. Ltd.
Shelley Leibowitz, Director of E*TRADE Financial and Former Group Chief Information Officer for the World Bank
Larry Clinton, President and CEO, Internet Security Alliance
Dani Michaux, Asia Regional Leader, KPMG LLP
Major General Koen Gijsbers (Ret.), Senior Advisor, Network Centric Industry Operations Industry Consortium; Former General Manager, NATO Communications and Information Agency; and Former CIO, Netherlands Ministry of Defence
John Hermans, EMA Regional Leader, KPMG LLP
William McCracken, Director of MDU Resources Group Inc. and NACD, and Former Chair and CEO of CA Technologies
NACD is proud to partner with KPMG for this event. Other partners include the Global Network of Director Institutes (GNDI), the Internet Security Alliance (ISA), and Ridge Global.
For more information about the forum, visit www.NACDonline.org/CyberForum.
About NACD
The National Association of Corporate Directors (NACD) empowers more than 18,000 directors to lead with confidence in the boardroom. As the recognized authority on leading boardroom practices, NACD helps boards strengthen investor trust and public confidence by ensuring that today’s directors are well prepared for tomorrow’s challenges. World-class boards join NACD to elevate performance, gain foresight, and instill confidence. Fostering collaboration among directors, investors, and corporate governance stakeholders, NACD has been setting the standard for responsible board leadership for 40 years. To learn more about NACD, visit www.NACDonline.org.
Susan Oliver
susanboliver@gmail.com
Efinix® Partners with Samsung to Develop Quantum™ eFPGAs on 10nm Silicon Process
Canadian Nuclear Laboratories and TRIUMF to Host 11th Targeted-Alpha-Therapy Symposium
TransAsia Airways shareholders agree to dissolve airline
Ascom will showcase its Digistat suite of healthcare ICT solutions at Arab Health 2018
ผู้บริหารบริษัทยักษ์ใหญ่รวมตัวกันที่กรุงเจนีวาเพื่อเข้าร่วมงานสัมมนา Global Cyber Forum ครั้งแรกของโลก
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1717
|
__label__wiki
| 0.930196
| 0.930196
|
Hurricane Damage Won’t Stop Most F-22s From Flying, Air Force Secretary Says
Senator Reveals That 17 F-22 Raptors Were Damaged By Hurricane Michael
The Decimation Of Tyndall Air Base's F-22 Fleet Couldn't Have Come At Worse Time
This F-22 Raptor Was Grounded After Being Invaded By 20,000 Honey Bees
Jeff Schogol
The damage caused to F-22 Raptors that rode out Hurricane Michael at Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida, will not prevent 80 percent of all Raptors from being flyable by fiscal 2019, Air Force Secretary Heather Wilson said on Friday.
f-22 f-22 raptor f-22 raptors florida Hurricane Michael military tech news Readiness Tyndall Air Force Base U.S. Air Force
A Florida lawmaker has revealed that 17 F-22 Raptors were at Tyndall Air Force Base when Hurricane Michael leveled the installation on Oct. 10 — yet both the Air Force and Pentagon still refuse to say how many Raptors were damaged by the storm.
f-22 raptors Hurricane Michael Tyndall Air Force Base
Jared Keller
Tyndall Air Force Base as we once knew it no longer exists.
analysis f-22 f-22 raptors fifth-generation aircraft Hurricane Michael military tech news Tyndall Air Force Base U.S. Air Force
Johnisa B. Roberts, 192nd Fighter Wing Public Affairs
U.S. Air Force photo
192nd Fighter Wing Aircraft Maintainers were bemused when they found a swarm of honey bees hanging from the exhaust nozzle of an F-22 Raptor engine following flight operations at Joint Base Langley-Eustis, Virginia on June 11, 2016.
192nd Fighter Wing Aircraft Maintainers air force bee f-22 raptors Joint Base Langley-Eustis Virginia
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1724
|
__label__cc
| 0.739349
| 0.260651
|
Windmills Of Your Mind: The Importance Of Neuro-Intelligence For Law Students, Law Profs, And Lawyers
Debra S. Austin (Denver), Windmills of Your Mind: Understanding the Neurobiology of Emotion, 54 Wake Forest L. Rev. ___ (2019):
Intelligence has been parsed into categories including general intelligence (IQ), which is cognitive capacity, and emotional intelligence (EQ), describing social competency. Perhaps the most important new form of intelligence that lawyers can cultivate is neuro-intelligence (NQ), which is an understanding of the most important tool a lawyer must deploy — the brain. NQ can help us understand how emotions that arise in the brain are often experienced in the windmills of the mind as “words that jangle in your head”. Boomers will enjoy the Noel Harrison version of Windmills of your Mind, which won the 1968 Academy Award for Best Original Song, while Millennials should check out the Sting version from the 1999 remake of The Thomas Crowne Affair.
This article describes the importance of developing mental strength, and challenges lawyers to enhance their understanding of the role emotion plays in their relationships with colleagues, clients, employees, and constituents. Brain Literacy defines key components of the emotional and thinking brains. The process of memory formation is illustrated in Learning and Memory. Stress and Cognition outlines the harmful impacts of stress on brain health and mental performance. Recent research results are reviewed in Law Students and Lawyers are at Risk for Impaired Well-being. The brain’s automated response to emotional stimuli is detailed in Emotion. Emotion Regulation explores methods for responding to emotion, and the difference between survival and attachment emotions. Emotion and Decision-Making depicts the process that helps us determine what outfit to wear, what rewards we are strong enough to defer to meet our long-term goals, and how public policy is shaped by emotion. Finally, Interventions to Strengthen the Mind links mental strength to happiness, explains three obstacles to developing mental strength that are commonly experienced by law students and lawyers, and provides ten practices that can promote mental strength.
This article proposes that law students, legal educators, and lawyers will benefit from developing their NQ, as well as their understanding of the impact of emotion and stress on performance, and the how building mental strength can empower their professional and personal lives. With greater NQ, individuals can improve well-being and performance, and organizations can leverage healthy human beings to enhance capacity and innovation.
WIndmills Of Your Mind
Round like a circle in a spiral, like a wheel within a wheel
Never ending or beginning on an ever spinning reel
Like a snowball down a mountain, or a carnival balloon
Like a carousel that's turning running rings around the moon
Like a clock whose hands are sweeping past the minutes of its face
And the world is like an apple whirling silently in space
Like the circles that you find in the windmills of your mind!
Like a tunnel that you follow to a tunnel of its own
Down a hollow to a cavern where the sun has never shone
Like a door that keeps revolving in a half forgotten dream
Or the ripples from a pebble someone tosses in a stream
Keys that jingle in your pocket, words that jangle in your head
Why did summer go so quickly, was it something that you said?
Lovers walking along a shore and leave their footprints in the sand
Is the sound of distant drumming just the fingers of your hand?
Pictures hanging in a hallway and the fragment of a song
Half remembered names and faces, but to whom do they belong?
When you knew that it was over you were suddenly aware
That the autumn leaves were turning to the color of her hair!
Like a circle in a spiral, like a wheel within a wheel
As the images unwind, like the circles that you find
In the windmills of your mind!
https://taxprof.typepad.com/taxprof_blog/2019/04/windmills-of-your-mind-the-importance-of-neuro-intelligence-for-law-students-law-profs-and-lawyers.html
Legal Education, Scholarship | Permalink
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1725
|
__label__wiki
| 0.715884
| 0.715884
|
Tech Issues?
Contact our robots department if you really want a nice long ban.
(switch to...) 'Splain You A Thing Alix Jules Almost Diamonds Ashley F. Miller Beyond Church and State Biodork Black Skeptics Brute Reason Consider the Tea Cosy Dana Hunter's Unconformity En Tequila Es Verdad Godlessness In Theory Greta Christina's Blog Heinous Dealings Literate Perversions Lousy Canuck Metaphorical Penis OrbitCon Scrappy Deviation Seriously?!? The Perfumed Void The Progressive Pub Trans and Godless Zinnia Jones
Ashley F. Miller
Uke Vids
Speaking & Publishing
So someone you like is accused of something bad
Recent Artwork: Beauty, Aurora, and Melisandre
Say No To This
Hello Orbit! See my coloring book!
Reason Rally 2016 Interview with Lyz Liddell
Warrior73 on Racism, homophobia, and how I lost my dad last week
Rick Marazzani on Speaking & Publishing
Dedicated: Creating a New Style From Halloween Hair to 360 Wigs • Broke and Beautiful on How to make that cheap plastic wig look good
Gloria on More hate from racists – Coalburner edition
Ableism/Accessibility
Blogathon
Posts Worth Going Back and Reading
Psychopathology Sum-Up
{advertisement}
Interview with “Supernumerary” Producer Alexandra Creswick
May 2, 2011 Ashley F. Milleralexandra creswick, js mayank, producing, screenwriting, supernumerary, Wake Forest, WritingLeave a comment
Supernumerary, a film that showed recently at the Newport Beach Festival and garnered a great review on TFD News, is a 26 minute long short that was produced by an old friend of mine from High School, Alexandra Creswick. Though I call her Alex, but IMDB tells me it’s Alexandra…
1. A brief description of the film itself?
“Supernumerary” tells the story of Sally Nuart, a projectionist that locked herself in a film booth for four years after the loss of her father and completely immersed herself in cinema. One day, an ‘extra’ in the film comes to life and they begin an unlikely romance.
2. Who is the creative team behind it? Do you have “day jobs”? How did you get together initially?
This film is a production of the Wake Forest University Mafia, LA chapter. Just kidding…kinda. The director, cinematographer, and two producers are all WFU grads, and most of us met through some sort of Wake connection.
JS Mayank and I took a screen writing class together at Wake when I was an undergrad and he was getting his first master’s. (We all assumed he was the TA and it wasn’t until a year or so ago that he told me he was a student.) He’s a full-time screenwriter and an adjunct professor of screen writing at Western State College of Colorado.
George Reasner, the DP, is also a WFU grad and we met through one of our favorite professors. He’s a professional cinematographer.
Alex Saks, the other producer, we met through the same professor; she also started the Reynolda Film Festival in Winston-Salem, NC, where we screened a rough cut of the film. She was working with a company called MPower films at the time.
3. How did you find the rest of the team: actors, cinematographer, editor?
We had a casting director, Luis Selgas, who helped us find our very talented actors. In casting, we saw over 200 actors, and narrowed it down to Mckenzie Cowan for the role of Sally, Chris Fore to play the Supernumerary, and Jeff Coopwood for Frankfurt.
The chemistry between the two leads was instant. What appealed to us most about their look, in that they both seemed as if they were from a different era, i.e. they could have very well been in any one of those classic movies…
The director found our editor, Mark Sult, through a mutual friend of his. Once they looked over the footage together, both realized that they had similar visions for the film. They both understood the importance of paying homage to their shared love for cinema, yet keeping the story personal and intimate.
4. How intense was post-production?
Very intense. Probably more intense than the actual shooting of the film, which was more exhausting than anything. The process was long and very precise.
The visual effects which were done by the extraordinary team at Crash+Sues, were the most time-consuming. That took almost six months, since integrating our actor into the pre-existing movies is painstaking work, and making it seemless was pivotal to the story. They were marvelous, and did an amazing job.
Additionally, we had to work very closely with our lawyer, Michael Donaldson. All of the existing footage (from 28 films) is considered Fair Use, and we had to pass very stringent criteria to make sure we were within the bounds of the law. But Michael and his colleagues were endlessly enthusiastic about our film, and supportive through every step of the way.
There were a couple of instances where we wanted to use bits of soundtracks to movies to introduce the clips, but we couldn’t because of copyright issues. But our composer, Antonio Lepore, stepped in and found ways to marry our original score, the original songs, and the films we pay homage to. If you listen to the original music, you can hear themes that are echoed in the music of the clips that follow, and it’s amazing how much of a difference that makes to the feeling of unity we managed to achieve.
5. When was it made, what was the budget, how long did it take to get out to festivals?
6. What festivals have you tried for? Do you have a festival plan?
I took two years from conception to final cut and print. We completed all the sound mixing and corrections in late 2010 and started submitting to festivals for the 2011 circuit.
We tried to pick festivals that our film would appeal to. Each festival has it’s own brand and personality, and we tried to remain conscious of that because we wanted to find the best places to showcase our work. The film is 26 minutes long, which makes it hard to program for festivals that are trying to pack as many shorts as they can into one program. So we knew going in that that would be a challenge, but we made the film we wanted. We did a lot of research as we narrowed down the field.
7. What is the background to the term “supernumerary”?
“Supernumerary” is an old-fashioned way of saying an extra or background actor. It’s primarily used in operas these days; I’ve actually heard it in use a few times in the past couple of years and every time I do I perk up.
8. Future producing plans? Anything else you’ve produced that we’ll be seeing? Anything you want to pimp here…
The writer/director, JS Mayank, is trying to use the momentum of Supernumerary to try and make his feature directorial debut – “THE DEAD WIVES CLUB”, a quaint ensemble British comedy. He’s also had several screenplays optioned and is working on them.
I work for an executive producer who specialize in independent, foreign-financed films, and we have several projects we’re working on at the moment.
The Orbit is a diverse collective of atheist and nonreligious bloggers committed to social justice, within and outside the secular community. For more information, please see our About Us page.
All content is copyright the authors except where otherwise noted. Contact the authors individually for further information.
Theme is based heavily on Minnow by Automattic
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1728
|
__label__wiki
| 0.992272
| 0.992272
|
ProSportsImages.co.uk
Portsmouth beat Doncaster Rovers in the race for former Blackburn Rovers defender
By James Ray on Jun 22, 2019 0 Comments
Portsmouth have beaten fellow League One side Doncaster Rovers to the signing of 27-year-old centre-back Paul Downing, who heads to Fratton Park on a free transfer upon the expiry of his contract with Blackburn Rovers.
It was confirmed at the end of the season that Paul Downing would not be having his contract with Championship side Blackburn Rovers extended this summer, leaving him free to find a new club on a free transfer.
We reported here on The72 that Doncaster Rovers – who took Downing on loan for the second half of the season – were among the sides interested in the defender before Portsmouth entered the race to try and sign the former West Brom youngster.
IN OTHER NEWS: Brentford ready to rival Luton Town in battle for League One defender
Now, it has been confirmed on Portsmouth’s official club website that Downing has made the move to Fratton Park, putting pen to paper on a three-year deal. Downing’s arrival follows the departure of star man Matt Clarke, who had a move to Premier League side Brighton and Hove Albion also confirmed on Friday afternoon.
Speaking to the club website, Downing gave Pompey a hint of what is to come from him, saying:
“I like to think I can pick a pass and play the ball forward with a bit of quality, although the most important thing as a defender is to keep it out of the net.
“You need to make sure you’re hard to beat and we’ll be looking to keep as many clean sheets as possible.”
Downing was one of two Portsmouth signings to be confirmed on Friday. with striker Ellis Harrison also joining the club from fellow League One side Ipswich Town.
IN OTHER NEWS: Ex-Charlton Athletic, Peterborough United and Swindon Town man on trial at Stevenage
James Ray
Writer for The72 and currently studying at the University of Lincoln. Based in Peterborough/ Lincoln and often writing about Peterborough United amongst other Championship and League One clubs.
Preston fans react as former Leicester striker returns after 12 years
Coventry City receive fresh bid from Championship side for star attacker
Leeds United beat top-tier German and Portuguese sides to star
Sunderland to enquire for Premier League defender
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1729
|
__label__wiki
| 0.693476
| 0.693476
|
Foundation essays US
Rebel Wilson in Melbourne for her defamation trial against Bauer Media. AAP Image/Joe Castro
Bogan in the eye of the beholder: the curious case of Rebel Wilson
May 25, 2017 9.42pm EDT
David Nichols, Victoria Kolankiewicz, University of Melbourne
David Nichols
Senior Lecturer - Urban Planning, University of Melbourne
Victoria Kolankiewicz
PhD Candidate, University of Melbourne
The authors do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
University of Melbourne provides funding as a founding partner of The Conversation AU.
The current legal action between Bauer Media and actress Rebel Wilson has created yet another opportunity for the notion of the “bogan” to rear its head in popular media. Wilson has sued Bauer Media for defamation following the publication of a series of articles that included claims Wilson lied about her age, name, and several aspects of her upbringing.
In response to this, Wilson has detailed her “bogan” childhood in court. She was implored by her barrister to define the term, and responded by surmising that there are “many aspects to being a bogan.”
“I kind of use it very endearingly,” she said. “Right now I’d be a cashed-up bogan.”
This is the perennial problem with the word. Is it abuse? Is it benign descriptor? Or is it even, perhaps, praise?
There would certainly be people who would suggest that law graduate Wilson’s childhood in Sydney’s north-western suburbs – assisting her mother’s passion for beagle breeding, being a high achiever at an elite independent school, taking a gap year in South Africa, even contracting malaria – don’t really tally with the common conception of the bogan.
But there’s a really good reason for that. Bogan is entirely in the mind of the beholder: it is a standard term used to identify and demonise specific sectors of the population.
A slippery word
The word “bogan” may have Aboriginal origins (it appears in a range of central western NSW place names) but its meaning and origin is obscure. The word can describe an individual, choices relating to their consumption, activities, and the places they frequent.
It is the Australian equivalent of “redneck”, “white trash” or “chav”. It was popularised nationally by Mary-Anne Fahey in the guise of schoolgirl Kylie Mole in The Comedy Company starting in late 1988. Here, curiously, Mole – now known internationally as a bogan – used that word against her enemies and never to describe herself.
However minutely we scrutinise the origins of the term, however, it is more likely to be a word that just “works”. No wonder so many people think they know what it means – and apply it to a range of uncultured, poor, backward, uneducated social groups. The flipside to that is, of course, it can also be applied to millionaires (we won’t assume to know how much Rebel Wilson is worth – but bogan was certainly famously used to describe the currently bankrupt Nathan Tinkler).
Wilson made her first big splash co-writing and starring in the 2008 SBS series Bogan Pride. Her character, Jennie Cragg, was similarly a far more motivated, intelligent, creative person than most people’s conception of the bogan.
Rebel Wilson’s foray into boganity with Bogan Pride.
Far from the usual “white trash” stereotype, Cragg’s everyday hang-out is the school library; the third episode of the show revolves around the Maths Olympiad, the highlight of her academic year. Geography and – somehow – genes make Jennie Cragg a bogan in her own estimation, but her nerdiness surely negates it in the minds of many.
Bogan, or just suburban?
Bogans are often seen to live in particular areas, reflecting geographical class distinctions. Photographs of Wilson’s childhood tendered in court have been used to compare boganity with suburbia, and the two occupy a similar space in the imagination of many Australians. Far-flung suburbs of major Australian cities are almost synonymous with the bogan, although the term “suburban” lacks the sting of an acerbic, class-based insult.
To be suburban is to simply possess a certain character and way of life, with a visual motif of brick veneer, eucalypts, and culs-de-sac, the very same which Hugh Stretton countered in his seminal text, Ideas for Australian Cities.
Bogan is far more derisive, and bound up with common markers of taste and consumption: the humble moccasin, flannel shirt, and Ned Kelly’s final utterance of “such is life” (later adopted as the title of a televised series on the career of AFL star Ben Cousins).
The phenomenon of reappropriating a term of abuse as a badge of pride is common enough around the world; “gay” (or “fag”) is a great example. We may now be seeing this happening with the word “bogan”.
Wilson is an unusual talent: that she has been able to carve out a career in Hollywood without compromising her admittedly gentle and self-parodying approach to acting, much less her “Australianness”, is to be admired. There is little doubt that she has as much right to use the word bogan as anyone.
Cashed up bogans
Bogans
Class in Australia
d e z.
Our fascination with ‘bogans’ will be televised
Being a bogan is a numbers game. Steve Kay/flickr
The Boom: They’re cashed up alright. But are they really bogans?
The Bogan Shire council plans to erect a 3.6 metre ‘Bogan’ for tourists to be photographed next to. acb
Big Bogan in little Nyngan – is this the last suck of the sauce bottle?
Tinkler might be considered a has-been, but it seems foolish to write him off. Jane Dempster/AAP image
Review – Boganaire: The Rise and Fall of Nathan Tinkler
In divided Alaska, the choice is between paying for government or giving residents bigger oil wealth checks
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1736
|
__label__cc
| 0.650941
| 0.349059
|
Waste not, want not – the politics of why philosophy matters
September 5, 2013 4.41pm EDT
Patrick Stokes, Deakin University
Patrick Stokes
Lecturer in Philosophy, Deakin University
Patrick Stokes does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
Deakin University provides funding as a member of The Conversation AU.
What place for The Thinker will there be in an Australia under an Abbott government? Steven Fettig
And so now we officially know: philosophy is a waste.
How can we be sure? Because Coalition spokesman for scrutiny of government waste Jamie Briggs has promised an Abbott government would get rid of “those ridiculous research grants that leave taxpayers scratching their heads wondering just what the government was thinking”.
Seriously, don’t bother with philosophy. Don’t bother trying to understand the rules of logic, or what constitutes a good argument, or what makes an action right or wrong. Don’t bother trying to follow humanity’s “great conversation” let alone trying to contribute to it. Waste of time and money.
Briggs cited four projects: one in anthropology, one in public art, and not one, but two in philosophy.
Why pick on philosophy? That’s not hard: we’re an easy target. “Philosopher” has become a byword for “useless and unemployable” (except we’re not), for “abstract and impractical”.
Of course, most disciplines suffer from misconceptions about what they do. Tell someone you’re a scientist and they’ll picture you in a white coat and goggles surrounded by bubbling Erlenmeyer Flasks; tell them you’re an anthropologist and they’ll probably imagine you hacking through jungle with a machete on your way to study some remote tribe.
Tell them you’re a philosopher? They’ll laugh. Or, worse, start quoting Deepak Chopra at you.
Philosophy has a particular vulnerability here because it’s not directly linked to any obvious economic output, it’s hard, and if you aren’t curious about ideas you’ll struggle to see the point of it. If you don’t view knowledge as having intrinsic rather than merely economic value, philosophy will be your go-to example of academic wankery.
And if you have a visceral dislike or suspicion of intellectuals – or want to curry favour with people who do – what could be more satisfying than calling out people who use words like “supererogatory” and “noetic” as useless blowhards?
But it’s not just philosophers who should be worried here. Ordinary taxpayers should be too.
All four of the projects Briggs cited have already run the gamut of the Australian Research Council’s (ARC) expert assessors and secured funding in a very difficult, competitive environment. In other words, people who know what they’re talking about looked at them and decided that they were world-class research.
But apparently Jamie Briggs – who seems to have no qualifications relevant to any of the research topics he attacked – knows better than the ARC’s College of Experts. And note that he wasn’t talking about cutting the overall research budget, just redistributing it so that humanities projects he and his colleagues can’t see the point of miss out. In other words, he’s saying that certain kinds of knowledge just aren’t worth producing, or at least not worth paying for.
We’ve been here before, back when Brendan Nelson was education minister and declared he had to look truck drivers and gasfitters in the eye and tell them he was allocating the ARC’s money properly.
The assumption here is that somehow ministers and truck drivers know better than the ARC’s own College of Experts what counts as a meritorious project. If it leaves you scratching your head then clearly it must be vacuous nonsense, right?
I’m hardly an impartial observer here. I had nothing to do with either of the projects Briggs attacked, but both of them focus on topics I also work on: selfhood and identity, and post-Kantian European philosophy of religion. In fact I’m currently writing a book that combines both these topics, so apparently I’m wasting both my time and your money to an absolutely stunning degree.
Except, no, I’m not. And neither were Paul Redding and Diego Bubbio, whose projects Briggs sneers at. Their work touches on questions that human beings cannot avoid asking: the nature of what we are, what exists, and of our place in the universe. They feed into active and productive literatures, and open up new avenues for exploration.
Projects like this matter. They matter because they advance fundamental avenues of inquiry that have been part of the human inheritance since, at least, the Axial Period. They enhance the scope, size and profile of Australian research and thereby help to attract talent. And having spent several years overseas on a series of postdoc grants, I know how crucial they can be as a mechanism for training researchers and for attracting and retaining people who can enhance Australia’s research profile and culture.
Perhaps most of all, funding a certain amount of basic, even speculative research shows that we are a society serious about knowledge itself, not simply about meeting our material needs. That is what the humanities do: they remind us we are human.
So yes, politicians need to stop attacking fundamental parts of human inquiry they don’t understand and don’t care about. But part of the responsibility here also falls to philosophers ourselves. We need to be much better at explaining what we do and why it matters. Scientists are at least talking about scientific literacy; “philosophical literacy” is hardly even discussed, except as a joke.
Over the last year I’ve done a bit of media work, here and elsewhere, and one thing it’s brought home to me is how philosophically naïve much of our public discourse has become. For instance, I’ve lost count of the number of times people have assured me that morality is obviously all just a matter of personal opinion – as if the last two and a half thousand years of moral philosophy never happened. We expect people to have views on right and wrong without equipping them with even the most basic tools to ask the relevant questions or assess the answers they’re offered.
As philosophers, we need to keep explaining why that’s a problem, why philosophy matters. We need to keep making the case, loudly and often, that our discipline is not simply a fun pastime for people who like to argue or quote Levinas in smoke-filled coffee houses. Rather, philosophy is the condition for all our knowing, all our enquiry. It is the only way we can answer those basic human questions we cannot help but ask: what is there, what do we know, how are we to live?
In making that case, we could do a lot worse than cite this quote from Bertrand Russell (which the Australasian Association of Philosophy recently posted on their Facebook page):
The man who has no tincture of philosophy goes through life imprisoned in the prejudices derived from common sense, from the habitual beliefs of his age or his nation, and from convictions which have grown up in his mind without the co-operation or consent of his deliberate reason. To such a man the world tends to become definite, finite, obvious; common objects rouse no questions, and unfamiliar possibilities are contemptuously rejected.
A nation that mocks philosophy is a nation content to remain “imprisoned in its prejudices”. Where is the minister who will look us in the eye and tell us that?
Earthrise seen from the moon by Apollo 8. NASA
Apollo 11 made us believe we could do anything – the truth is it could hasten our downfall
Two universities are conducting internal reviews of research collaborations linked to the suppression and surveillance of the Uyghur minority in western China. Tracey Nearmy/AAP
Australian universities must wake up to the risks of researchers linked to China’s military
South Korea has grown into a rich country with a per capita GDP of nearly US$30,000 in 2017. www.shutterstock.com
How South Korea and Taiwan grew their economies, while Malaysia and Indonesia trailed behind
Humans have always sought knowledge, all the way back to Eve. Wes Mountain/The Conversation
Freedom of speech: a history from the forbidden fruit to Facebook
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1737
|
__label__wiki
| 0.546161
| 0.546161
|
Become a Critical Movie Critic
Movie Review Archives
Movie Review: Alien: Covenant (2017)
Nguyen Le
Here it is, the comeback the “Alien” franchise sorely needed. “Nothing,” remarked Daniels (Katherine Waterston, “Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them”) on the noise level of her surroundings, a gorgeous planet seemingly teeming with conditions perfect for them, 2,000 in-cryosleep passengers and 1,000-plus embryos to colonize. Little does the character know this, but what…
Movie Review: Sausage Party (2016)
Greg Eichelberger
Like an American sprinter against Usain Bolt, Seth Rogen’s Sausage Party starts off quickly (and humorously), but it fails to win the gold medal due to the actor/writer’s problem of not knowing when to reel in the bizarre comic situations (a trait perhaps caused by his close association with pal Adam Sandler) and not push…
Movie Review: Angry Birds (2016)
No one has been a bigger critic of films based on video games than this author, but on the other hand, no one is as appreciative of a decent product than him, as well. And while Angry Birds (directed by Clay Kaytis and Fergal Reilly, both longtime graphic artists, but each making their directorial debuts)…
Movie Review: Rock the Kasbah (2015)
To be quite honest, the trailers for the newest Bill Murray vehicle, Rock the Kasbah, did not leave me with a very positive vibe, but as a professional, I never (well, ALMOST never) let a preview color my perception of the whole output, the proof being in the pudding, so to speak. However, after viewing…
Movie Review: Aloha (2015)
Dan Gunderman
Cameron Crowe’s latest film, Aloha, his first larger scale project since 2011’s “We Bought a Zoo,” does not, unfortunately, come with the zest and alacrity of it or some of his earlier better works, like “Jerry Maguire.” It is light-hearted, well-intentioned (Hawaiian virtues are espoused) fare tailored to an audience that sees space as something…
Movie Review: This Is the End (2013)
Wow. Who knew the End of Days would be filled with giant sinkholes, oversexed demons, the proliferation of the “F” word and a cameo appearance by the Backstreet Boys bathed in a thick haze of burnt high-grade weed? And who knew how the final judgment would affect a group of young comic actors, including James…
Red Band Movie Trailer: This is the End (2013)
So as to not let all the footage of their upcoming apocalyptic comedy This is the End go to waste, the boys starring in it (and Sony Pictures) have dropped a red-band trailer for it before the expected end of the world. From it we can deduce, the apocalypse affects young Hollywood as much as…
Home » Danny McBride
Privacy Policy | About Us
<\/iframe><\/div>"); } })(); var ABDSettings = { cssSelectors: '', enableIframe: "yes", enableDiv: "yes", enableJsFile: "yes", statsAjaxNonce: "17d9d63383", ajaxUrl: "https://thecriticalcritics.com/review/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" } // Make sure ABDSettings.cssSelectors is an array... might be a string if(typeof ABDSettings.cssSelectors == 'string') { ABDSettings.cssSelectors = [ABDSettings.cssSelectors]; }
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1738
|
__label__wiki
| 0.68395
| 0.68395
|
Home Transportation Planning The official start of the age of carpooling
The official start of the age of carpooling
October 11, 2018 December 24, 2018 Transportation Planning
Today’s Chronicle carried a story on how Google’s Waze is rolling out carpooling on a national scale. TRANSDEF has been writing about the significance of ridematching apps for years, before Waze got interested in this market. The announcement today marks what we believe will become known as the official start of the age of carpooling. What makes the announcement so unusual is its express interest in both the public and private benefits of the venture:
“We want to reduce traffic and take cars off the road,” said Josh Fried, Waze’s head of carpool.
Waze has another goal, too: prepare people to share rides in future self-driving cars, which are being developed by Google sister company Waymo.
“If everyone rides in their own self-driving car, that won’t move the needle on traffic,” Fried said. “We’re seeking behavioral changes to get people super-comfortable with the idea of waking up every day and taking a carpool to work.”
This kind of corporate support has the potential to completely revolutionize the tiny world of carpooling, and send ridematching into orbit as a major new resource in the fight against congestion and motor vehicle GHG emissions.
TRANSDEF extends to Waze its congratulations and best wishes for a successful launch.
Congestion.
Climate change is here!
TAM can’t be trusted with a 30-year sales tax
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1747
|
__label__wiki
| 0.839962
| 0.839962
|
Three friends chat about the goings on in geek news with a focus on Film and television. We're talking about the things you care about. Characters, places and events that aren't real... but are.
Bonus Episode
GoT Breakdown
The ToB Podcast
ToB Games
ToB Interlude
WW Breakdown
Episode 93 - Sour Grapes Over Rotten Tomatoes
Quick Note: It's official, with Julian back in the islands the show is going back to a bi-weekly recording schedule. This means you will see a numbered episode at least two times a month, with the possibility of a ToB Interlude thrown in there every now and then for good measure. As always, thanks for listening!
It's a big show this week and it kicks off with a bang as the guys play a Spider-Man themed version of Nerd Association in honour of the new trailer as well as discuss the news that Spidey might be leaving the MCU sooner than we thought. Julian, Dan and Jeremy then dissect the Justice League, Spider-Man: Homecoming and Mummy trailers before examining Ghost in the Shell's abysmal box office performance. Moving on, and in what is quickly becoming a staple of the ToB Podcast, the Agree or Disagree segment returns, this time asking whether Rotten Tomatoes is truly the "destruction" of the movie business. On the TV front, Buffy celebrates 20 years, followed by briefly talking about several shows that had either their season or series finales including Legion on FX (A show that everyone should be watching) and Star Wars: Rebels (Another show everyone should be watching) and Black Sails. Plus, True Detective season three might happen after all! The show then continues into a bit of gaming news and a discussion on Mass Effect: Andromeda before closing out on a brief discussion on diversity in comics. All this and so much more on this week's Tower of Babble Podcast, which is nothing if not chock-full of nerdy goodness. Enjoy!
Remember to Subscribe and rate us on iTunes to give us your feedback!
Nerd Association
Theme: Spider-Man
Round 1: Green Goblin
Round 2: Peter Parker
Round 3: Rogues Gallery (no word cap)
Trailers:
Ghost in the Shell FLOPPED at the box office with an estimated $19 million at the domestic box office.
$110 million budget
$40 million in international markets
Elsewhere in the box office Boss Baby took in $49 million which dethroned Beauty and the Beast from the top spot.
Variety has reported that Joss Whedon is in talks with Warner Bros. to helm (write/direct/produce) a Batgirl solo film that would centre around Barbara Gordon and star other Gotham-centric characters.
According to Spider-Man: Homecoming producer Amy Pascal the deal between Sony and Marvel seems to have an end date. One that is closer than we might have thought.
More details about the Venom solo film:
The director of Spider-Man: Homecoming, Jon Watts, confirmed in an interview with Fandango that Venom WON’T be apart of the MCU.
It’s due to begin filming this fall and is being billed as a “Action/Horror/Sci-fi” film.
The Tomb Raider movie is filming right now and they’ve released the first official image of Alicia Vikander as Lara Croft.
Hasbro is looking to reboot it’s GI Joe film franchise.
Disney CEO Bob Iger thinks Star Wars will probably continue for some time after Episode IX saying that they have “another decade and a half of Star Wars stories”.
He also said that Carrie Fisher’s performance for Episode VII will remain unchanged after her death and have no plans to digitally recreate her for Episode IX.
Netflix is extending its deal with Adam Sandler, adding 4 more movies more movies to the deal.
Agree or Disagree,
Former X-Men director Brett Ratner has some pretty strong thoughts on Rotten Tomatoes. Speaking to EW he had voiced his displeasure for the movie rating service. Here's an excerpt from that interview: “The worst thing that we have in today’s movie culture is Rotten Tomatoes, I think it’s the destruction of our business."
Buffy is celebrating 20 years!
Finales:
Walking Dead season 7 finale
Legion finale
Black Sails SERIES finale
Star Wars Rebels season 3 finale
Rick and Morty season 3 April Fools day premier.
True Detective S3 has been saved!
According to EW, creator Nic Pizzolatto has already written 2 episodes for the third season and is working with Deadwood creator/writer/producer/Emmy winner David Milch
HBO has yet to officially green-light the third season.
Iron Fist did great numbers for Netflix according to 7Park Data accounting for 14.6% of all streams on the day of its premier.
We got our first look at Cress Williams in cosume for the CW Black Lightning pilot.
Activision is working on putting Assassins Creed on TV.
Bungie announces Destiny 2 and drops a trailer starring Nathan Fillion.
It's set to release this fall.
Blizzard is releasing a remastered version of the original StarCraft in the summer.
Nathan Drake won't appear in Uncharted: Lost Legacy “At All” according to Naughty Dog’s Kurt Margenau.
Call of Duty might be going back to WWII. This comes from what appears to be leaked marketing materials from Sledgehammer Games showing that the next COD instalment is simply called "Call of Duty: WWII".
Super Mario Run didn’t meet Nintendo’s sales expectations but they are still confident in its pricing strategy.
DC has announced the event series that will reunite Scott Snyder and Greg Capullo with Batman. The Masterminds behind the amazing new 52 batman run have been working on Dark Nights: Metal, which will follow Batman as he explores the history of Nth metal and its impact on human history.
Releasing this August
Marvel has gotten itself into some hot water of some comments about diversity. We discuss...
What We've Been Watching/Playing
InThe ToB Podcast TagsJustice League, The Mummy, Spider-man, Ghost in the Shell, Boxoffice, Disney, Joss Whedon, Batgirl, Venom, Tomb Raider, GI Joe, Universal, Sony, Marvel, Star Wars, Netflix, Rotten Tomatoes, Agree or Disagree, Buffy, The Walking Dead, Legion, Black Sails, Rebels, Finale, Rick and Morty, True Detective, HBO, Iron Fist, Black Lightning, CW, DCW, DC, DCEU, Activision, Assassins Creed, Bungie, Destiny, Blizzard, Starcraft, Call of Duty, Uncharted, Mario, Nintendo, Batman, Mass Effect, Nerd Association
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1755
|
__label__cc
| 0.569639
| 0.430361
|
WARNER BROS. STUDIO TOUR WITH COACH
Warner Brothers Studio Tour London provides an amazing opportunity to explore the magic of the Harry Potter™ films – the most successful film series of all time. This unique walking tour takes you behind-the-scenes and showcases a huge array of beautiful sets, costumes and props. It also reveals some closely guarded secrets, including facts about the special effects and animatronics that made these films so hugely popular all over the world.
Showcasing the best in British filmmaking and revealing some closely guarded production secrets, the Warner Bros. Studio Tour London is a wizardly delight for all the family! You can take a stroll through Privet Drive, wander down Diagon Alley and hop on Hagrid’s bike during the tour. Visitors also have the option to buy a famous cup of butterbeer!
Platform 9 ¾ and Hogwarts Express
Warner Bros. Studio Tour now features a recreation of Platform 9 ¾ and the original Hogwarts Express steam engine. This permanent exhibit gives visitors the chance to climb aboard the train’s carriage and pose with a luggage trolley as it disappears through the platform wall. Scenes featuring the working train were shot at the Studios, including the iconic last scene in which grown up Harry, Ron and Hermione wave their own children off to Hogwarts as they leave for school.
The Forbidden Forest
The Forbidden Forest may be strictly off-limits to Hogwarts students, but for the first time this March, visitors to Warner Bros. Studio Tour London – The Making of Harry Potter are invited to defy Professor Dumbledore’s orders and follow the footsteps of Harry, Ron and Hermione deep into the grounds of the Forbidden Forest.
Home to an abundance of creatures, the Forbidden Forest offers shelter and protection to Hippogriffs and Acromantula among many others. It is also well known to beloved half-giant Hagrid in his role as Care of Magical Creatures professor. One of Rubeus Hagrid’s original costumes will be on display, lantern in hand, to welcome visitors through the Hogwarts Gates deep into the forest. Filled with 19 trees each with a diameter of over 12 feet, visitors will walk beneath the giant entwined roots on their journey and will even be able to control the weather using the same techniques created by filmmakers.
Amongst the imposing trees, visitors will encounter a full size model of Buckbeak,which is new to the tour, and have the opportunity to bow to the majestic creature. They will see up close the incredible detail and craftsmanship that went into creating the magnificent Hippogriff. Each feather had to be individually inserted and glued by the Creature Effects team who were busy adding feathers right up until the final moment Buckbeak was needed on set for Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban.
· Step inside the actual Great Hall
· Explore Dumbledore’s Office and discover never before seen treasures
· Step onto the famous cobbles of Diagon Alley, featuring the shop fronts of Ollivanders Wand Shop, Flourish and Blotts, the Weasley’s Wizard Wheezes, Gringotts Wizarding Bank and Eeylops Owl Emporium
· See Iconic props from the films, including Harry’s Nimbus 2000 and Hagrid’s motorcycle
· Learn how creatures were brought to life with green screen effects, animatronics and life-sized models
· Redescover other memorable sets the film series, including the Gryffindor common room, the boy’s dormitory, Hagrid’s hut, Snape’s Potion’s classroom and Professor Umbridge’s office at the Ministry of Magic
· Delve into the Dark Arts: see the Malfoy Manor fireplace and table around Bellatrix Lestrange, the Malfoy family, the Death Eaters and Voldermort sat plus a 20-foot model of Voldermort’s snake Nagini!
The event is finished.
GET 241 OR UP TO 60% OFF TICKETS, ATTRACTIONS AND FOOD
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1760
|
__label__cc
| 0.570234
| 0.429766
|
Watch Trailer For Star Trek: Horizon – Fan Film Set In Enterprise Era Romulan War
| October 16, 2014 | By: Anthony Pascale 50 comments so far
A Star Trek new fan film has released its first full trailer. "Star Trek Horizon" takes us to Star Trek: Enterprise’s the 22nd century and the Romulan War. Watch the trailer and learn more about the show below.
Watch Trailer For Star Trek Horizon
Most fan films have focused on the original series era in the 23rd century, with a few dabbling in the 24th century TNG era, but the upcoming "Star Trek: Horizon" film goes back to Star Trek: Enterprise’s 22nd century. Featuring a new crew of characters and set on board the NX-04 Discovery, the film explore the Romulan War (something Enterprise never got the chance to do). Here is official synopsis:
The Coalition of Planets, a young alliance of worlds led by Earth, is at war with the Romulan Empire. Desperate for a chance to gain the upper hand in the war, the Coalition forms an alliance with T’mar, a Romulan deserter, in the hopes that she can provide valuable intelligence on her former master
Here is the brand new trailer.
For more, you can watch the first six minutes of Horizon.
Horizon is the brain-child of Tommy Kraft, who wrote, directed and is producing the film (but in a change from other fan films, didn’t cast himself as the star). It was shot primarily with green screen and virtual sets in a studio in Detroit with a cast of local actors. Filming began last year, but in April of this year the Horizon team turned to Kickstarter to help fund the final production and post-production (they successfully raised $22,000 from a goal of $10,000).
Behind the scenes on Star Trek Horizon
The trailer promises the movie (which will be around 2 hours in length) will be out by Winter.
To find out more about Horizon, visit the official site or Facebook Page.
Dr Beckett
Wow.. just… Wow!
I am looking forward to this
Doyouwannadance
Whoa, these fan films have stepped up their game! Looking forward to the rest of it.
Best fan film ever…at least in graphics..
Mikey1091
Winter? Winter of, what, 2014, 2015, 2016? Bit vague, wouldn’t you say?
Looks good! I’m seriously slacking on these fan-made productions. That’s the great thing about Trek – there are so many things to enjoy. Don’t like the new movies? You’ve got a host of old episodes, plus fan productions, plus books, etc.
somethoughts
cphl01
Super impressed by the visuals. Acting and dialogue, however… not so much. Empathetic characters drive a story. Too many ST fan series forget that.
Emperor Mike of the Terran Empire
Ok. I am seriously impressed. I so can’t wait for this. Wtg
LOOKS really friggin good. SOUNDS as though they used a shoebox for a sound stage… sadly.
Nice use of green screen.
The make-up seems a little off. Are those scars or gils? Also, the pacing is slow. It’s hard to tell from just this scene, but it seemed long, like it could have been intercut with a space battle. (I know — budget, budget, budget.)
Overall, it looks entertaining. I’d like to see more. I wish you success!
It’ll be curious to see how they include a Romulan deserter and be consistent with canon that most of the Federation had not seen a Romulan until Captain Kirk in Balance of Terror.
The Romulan War novels were careful to stay consistent with that. Only a very few characters knew the Romulan’s true nature, including members of Section 31 (and decided it was better to withhold that info since the Vulcans were very important to the Coalition).
flaming nacelles forever
What Damian said ^^^
But, given the changes to the timeline by JJ’s stuff (Romulan survivors made it to earth during Roman times, as found in archaeological references in the lead up to the release of Star Trek), maybe the timeline was further polluted.
Great looking fan fic. Can’t wait.
When enterprise got cancelled after ‘demons’ and ‘terra prime’ being the season 4 finale, forget ‘these are the voyages’ they should have had a 3 part final episode, = 100 episodes. just skip forward 3 years later and have the Romulan war. plus the crew can play “remember when we did….so and so last year……” like a mini clip show of unseen voyages.
That’s how enterprise should have ended
The sets and visual effects look great, but the acting seems a little iffy, some of the lines in the trailer are pretty campy sounding.
Omegaman
Fantastic! Production values spot on!
inb4 : guna be beta than in2 darknzz lolzzzz
The first episode of Star Trek Continues was pretty good – I still haven’t watched Episodes 2 & 3 yet. And Chris Doohan follows me on Twitter :D
tom vinelli
Looks good ,however as someone else said the acting as always in these fan films are just not up to what were accustom too, However that said ,at least they are trying to avoid where hollywood always goes ,Kirk and Spock.
This fan film however shows you Star Trek can be more then its been. They are not playing it safe,as Hollywood does time after time. We need something new and fresh with Star Trek and this is it, I support it
Snugglepuff
Look visually spectacular. However, the problem with Trek in recent memory is that the military lingo has faded from it, I feel a military advisor should be consulted to help make the naval dialogue believable.
I’ll definitely be keeping my eye on this though.
Love the warp speed effect….definately different.
Jonboc
green screen work looks great, working that depth of field nicely! Not sure the technique won’t wear out its welcome after the first hour, but I’ll be onboard to check it out. looking forward to this.
I’ve never thought too much of most fan films, but this one looks… WOW. It looks amazing.
I’m not sure I’m 100% sold on the guy playing the captain, but all-in-all, it looks really good.
miketen
Just amazing. CBS needs to pick up these fan productions and put them on it’s new website as new content.
Not being critical, but did anyone else think “Babylon 5” watching that?
24. Yes I did.
Son of Captain Garth
#24: I never saw Babble On 5, but I am experiencing deja vu: another ultimate weapon heading towards Earth? Another implausible, causality loop-causing “temporal war”? Graphically and even in terms of acting, this ain’t bad looking, but PLEASE give us a new plot!
smike
WOW! Really great… It’s nice to finally see an ENT follow-up of some sort, not just TOS-related fanstuff… This reminds me of how much I miss ENT…
Sound really interesting!
There have been (pre- and post-ENT) a number of fan-attempts to tell the story of the Romulan War, but the idea to tie in the Iconians is new, at least to my knowledge. I am looking forward to this!!
Wow, more war in Star Trek…
W.Wright
Where did the score for this come from? Who did the effects? Never heard about this to seeing this now. Fantastic job ! Who needs JJ’s $150million dollar overblown re-puke ! This trailer rocked !
Rhett Coates
I like how they are involving the Iconian Empire (noted in TNG’s Season One) as the backstory here; it looks as though the writer(s) have done the homework to get it right. One can hope; this does indeed look VERY promising. ‘Too bad Manny Coto and Company can’t do another Season of ENTERPRISE to fill in the gaps. This will do nicely, I think.
If the Romulan defector passes herself off as a Vulcan (with notable, potential plot threads involving certain doctors and other Section 31 operatives, for instance), she may be accepted as a Vulcan. As for the ‘Trek time line, there are repeated lines of dialogue in “These Are The Voyages” (TATV) in which the characters continually state they have been in space (on the NX-01) or TEN years! ST:ENT went for 4 years, beginning in 2151 – so 2155 would have been their Season 4. If the Earth-Romulan war goes on for 2 years, it stands to reason that Season 5 would have been some sort of “build up” season (with added stand-alone episodes) and Seasons 6 and 7 would have depicted the war years. That leaves ANOTHER 2+ years for the NX-01 and crew to explore “the final frontier” before TATV. There’s a LOT to do in between 2154 and 2160, and with the Federation officially starting in 2161, even more time to for exploration and adventures galore for writers to dream up. For ST: HORIZON, there is AT LEAST that amount of time to film a variety of shows, continuing the 300-year saga that is STAR TREK.
BTW, about “WAR IN STAR TREK”… if it’s done RIGHT, and if there are efforts on everyone’s part (in ALL the ‘Trek incarnations of fan films) to bring GENE RODDENBERRY’S VISION of a positive future into the story narrative, we can all LEARN something about ourselves in the process of seeing how these new stories unfold. THE BOTTOM LINE in all of Star Trek can be summed up (including “war stories”) by reading the text shown at the end of the first movie….
“The human adventure is just beginning.”
If he writers of ALL these new adventures (including the so-called JJ-Verse versions with Chris Pine & Co.) take that as their end-result, it will fit quite well into what Mr. Roddenberry hoped to bring to the world with TOS.
el chup
Meh. All these latest fan films are about fancy effects and production values. But the acting is still questionable and I have to wonder what is Roddenberry-esque about an all white American crew and yet another war storyline.
I don’t care about the SFX. When a fan film tells stories about boldly going, with great stories and quality acting, then I’ll be interested.
I wonder if this movie will reference in characters from Enterprise?
Fubamushu
#33, I agree completely.
As good as special effects may be, I hate green screen sets. It looks so fake.
I am a donor for Prelude to Axanar as well as the Axanar movie, its on a higher level than fan made, its professional grade production. But I am considering more and more to donate to Star Trek Horizon and Star Trek Renegades.
@33. el chup. Then you need to check out Prelude to Axanar…everyone who hasn’t should!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1W1_8IV8uhA
@36 I have seen Prelude to Axanar and I agree that it looks a little more interesting than the usual fan movies. However, I am still slightly put off by it’s war storyline. But, I’d rather have that than JJTrek, so I’ll watch it with interest when the full version comes out.
In contrast, Renegades looks absolutely awful.
Captain Dunsel
Not terribly impressed. As others have noted, the effects are good. But I wouldn’t even say that the acting is “questionable”. It’s BAD. Specifically, I mean the acting in the intro scene.
The introduction to any property sets the tone and expectation for what comes after, and the acting in the opener screams “High School Play”. Even if those two characters are never seen again, they needed to be much more carefully chosen than they were.
Also, I had a real problem with the makeup. I realize that a fan production isn’t going to do Hollywood grade makeup effects. But what they did looked sloppy and confusing. I spent more time trying to figure out if those were wounds or “features” running across the “Iconians” faces than I did following the clunky dialogue.
Danny Lavery (@dannylavery)
There is a lot of interesting Star Trek in the works from the fan world at the moment. This is the latest, which is wonderful.
Enterprise is the series I care least about although yesterday I’ve enjoyed some of the arcs that prequelize some storylines from the later set Trek. The quality of the trailer is impressive considering that Tommy Kraft did most of the work himself – I particualrly love the Romulan and Vulcan costumes and the chroma-key, it is top notch.
There is talk of a Netflix Season 5 campaign but I think that ship has long sailed by. I hate story arcs not being wrapped up – the ideas included Alice Krige in a Borg Queen origin story; the reveal of Future Guy and T’Pol being revealed to have Romulan heritage. What else from that show needed closing up? I know the books have addressed Tucker’s ‘death’.
I notice the Enterprise was mentioned in the trailer and we saw Future Guy so it looks like a bit of series stuff will be liiked at in this film.
Looks pretty good, with bonus points for originality, I don’t think there are many fan films set in the Enterprise era.
MidMoElMarko
I think this looks fine, considering the limited $$$. As for sound issues, I don’t have a problem with 2 people in what appears to be an obviously large space sounding like they’re speaking in an obviously large space. And Star Trek has had its share of up & down acting, these folks will grow into their roles, if given time. Just watch the 1st season of TNG for acting that needed time to “season” (Picard & Riker, I’m speaking to you!)
TJ Trek
I really like the production values, what I can see of the acting, and the script… even though it is another war story
… but did anyone else hear the possible rip off from Star Trek: Into Darkness “…That is the only reason you are still alive..” or was it just me
fansincesixtynine
I really like the look of this, and I never got into Enterprise.
War, war, war…. Seems to be the only idea for “new” Star Trek.
MC1 Doug
I cannot get the youtube videos of either to download.
Sure, I’ll watch this.
Not sure how I missed this article and preview. But this looks great!
I was wondering how the pacing was going to play, especially after watching the frenzied trailer. Opening looks impresive!
I like the “big idea” they showcased. Made me wonder.
Looks great, but would have preferred it if the Horizon had been named the ‘USS Joe Stains’
This looks great, but I feel the visuals are way too advanced for happening long before Kirk’s era. This was one of the problems I had with the series “Enterprise”. However, I am glad to see fans are doing this though. It keeps the shows alive for the *ahem* next generation of fans.
I will pass on this big time! ENT’s failure should of been a major hint to let the past go!
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1773
|
__label__cc
| 0.718476
| 0.281524
|
Reality Makes the Best Fantasy: Traffic and Crowd Control
“Photograph from a Japanese language extra edition newspaper from January 1934, showing the aftermath of the human stampede at the Kyoto Railroad Station. The images show Imperial Japanese Navy personnel trying to help victims. This stampede caused 77 deaths, and 74 injuries.” Image and description aken from Wikipedia
As the temperature rises and the doors of various Convention Centers begin to open the doors, many of us will pile into cars and drive to our meeting areas. Some of us might be taking vacations, visiting family members or getting away from family members, relaxing in nature or surrounding yourself with as much awesome as you can afford.
If you’re driving, there is always the possibility of traffic to deal with. Traffic. *groan* Even our best laid plans can often be waylaid by what is significantly more than a bump in the road. Traffic can be caused by all sorts of things, though any kind of incursion will almost undoubtedly be made more annoying by rubberneckers, people who JUST HAVE TO GET IN FRONT, the person who turns off their car every time traffic stops for more than a few seconds, those who can’t be arsed to read signs. How many times have we had traffic slow down because there was an accident on THE OTHER SIDE OF THE ROAD? Unexpected roadwork cutting multiple lanes down to one, detours that increase the volume of traffic on a highway meant to handle much less. Trying to get lots of things into a single exit. Time to crank up the tunes and try to ignore the fact that everyone’s IQ is steadily dropping, minutes of your life slowly slipping by as you sit there, stranded within a metal and plastic prison.
Getting through, in or around crowded areas can also be problematic. Various social events generally call for throngs of people moving throughout a specified area and making sure everyone gets in and out safely and in a timely fashion can mean the difference between success and a very dangerous situation. Like herds of animals, a cause for panic can lead to people rushing, pushing and crushing each other, a single mob of mass confusion with individuals suffering under the press of their fear. Sometimes the crowds are called together for a religious festival, or an outdoor concert, fervor or fandom causing the people to press in too enthusiastically. During times of distress, such as during wartime attacks people rushing into shelters can cause tragic and unintended casualties. While trampling is a very serious danger, asphyxiation is the common cause of death for those killed by the fear of others. This is not a lurking fear. This is panic in action, pressing in on all sides, squeezing people till they can’t breath and no one noticing or doing anything to stop it. If you look up ‘Stampede’ on Wikipedia, you can find some very sad stories and terrible numbers regarding deaths by human stampede.
Both traffic and crowds can be made to run more smoothly by the implementation of rules, the following of laws and the presence of people and physical objects which can direct people. In the case of traffic, these things can mean getting necessary vehicles to the cause of the trouble issue more quickly, possibly saving lives, property and money, as well as getting other people where they’re going. In the case of crowds, it can save lives.
We’ve had articles about Conventions and Deadlines. Now just through a few hundred people or vehicles in the mix. Ups the CR a bit, doesn’t it?
For GMs
What types of events draw large crowds of people? What type of people are coming to these events?
Where are these events being held? Outdoor areas? Indoors? How many exits are there?
What types of vehicles/modes of transportation do people use? How are the roads maintained?
What is the volume of traffic on the roads and through gates normally like? How does this change for market days, festivals, holidays, etc.?
The people who watch and guard the roads and gates, are they trained to deal with stressful situations? Crowds of people? How do they control the flow of people and things?
Are there any threats around which could send the people into a panic? Recent events causing the roads to become impassable/harder to navigate?
Plot Hooks
A caravan is trying to get through a narrow mountain pass when one of the wagons breaks down, making an already tight fit even tighter. When the PCs come to try and help fix the issue, a threat from behind causes the rest of the caravan to press in. What part of the wagon is broken? What is the threat from behind? Why has no one else tried to help the people in the broken wagon?
The PCs are on security detail for an important religious figure, an individual who is said to have healing powers. Many people gather to see the religious figure speak and it is well known people try to touch them, in order to be healed. This has caused the religious leader to develop agoraphobia. The PCs must escort the religious leader to their speaking arrangement and back to wherever they are staying. Why are these PCs specifically tasked with this? Why does the speaker continue to travel and meet with crowds if they are afraid of them? Does the local church help or hinder their preaching?
During a huge festival, the PCs must transport last minute goods for a business in order to replenish the wares. However, all goods must be transported through a certain gate for inspection for safety reasons. The PCs must get the goods through the queue and the gate in a certain amount of time or risk jeopardizing the company they work for. What are they transporting? How much time do they have? Who else is waiting at the shipping gate? What kind of security is at all the gates? What is the reason for the heightened security?
During a time of war, the PCs are part of a squad meant to facilitate getting people into shelters. They are charged with making sure everyone in their section is alerted and people make their way safely and in an orderly fashion. What tools do the PCs have at their disposal? How is their position regarded by the population at large? What do the people risk by staying in their homes? What kind of people live in the section the PCs have sworn to protect?
Recent storms have made many roads difficult to travel but someone or something seems to be making the issue worse. Trees are falling with greater frequency and roads growing muddier, forcing merchants and travellers to reroute their trips through one area where they are being robbed with greater frequency. The PCs are sent to investigate the robberies and stop the destruction of the roads. Who or what is destroying the roads? Are they the same people who are robbing the travellers? Who has sent to PCs to investigate? Are they required to bring back any missing goods?
How do you feel about crowds?
If you were stuck in traffic, how would you pass the time?
Under what circumstance would you let someone cut in front of you?
Is there anyone/anything you would push through a crowd of people to get to?
Would you rather wait for traffic to pass or would you rather switch back and try to find another route?
In a mob situation, would you tend to follow the mob or try to direct it? Dissipate it?
As a note, I will be getting back from vacation next Friday, recovering from…possibly some traffic and crowds! HA! But also from GeekGirlCon and spending some well deserved down time with family and friends in Portland, OR. I am planning on having a poll/questionnaire about RMtBF here and/or on G+ so please, keep your eyes peeled and be sure to answer. I’m hoping to make RMtBF more helpful and more awesome in the second part of the year.
Reality Makes The Best Fantasy
crowd control, traffic, vehicles, worldbuilding
Across the Pond : Review of Hexcommunicated
Across the Pond : Serenity Forever Convention
One thought on “Reality Makes the Best Fantasy: Traffic and Crowd Control”
Pingback: Nigh-Weekly Assembly: Classics and Freebies | The Gamer Assembly
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1779
|
__label__wiki
| 0.878339
| 0.878339
|
Antonov, A. N. and Gaidarov, M. K. and Ivanov, M. V. and Kadrev, D. N. and Aïche, M. and Barreau, G. and Czajkowski, S. and Jurado, B. and Belier, G. and Chatillon, A. and Granier, T. and Taieb, J. and Doré, D. and Letourneau, A. and Ridikas, D. and Dupont, E. and Berthoumieux, E. and Panebianco, S. and Farget, F. and Schmitt, C. and Audouin, L. and Khan, E. and Tassan-Got, L. and Aumann, T. and Beller, P. and Boretzky, K. and Dolinskii, A. and Egelhof, P. and Emling, H. and Franzke, B. and Geissel, H. and Kelic-Heil, A. and Kester, O. and Kurz, N. and Litvinov, Y. and Münzenberg, G. and Nolden, F. and Schmidt, K.-H. and Scheidenberger, Ch. and Simon, H. and Steck, M. and Weick, H. and Enders, J. and Pietralla, N. and Richter, A. and Schrieder, G. and Zilges, A. and Distler, M. O. and Merkel, H. and Müller, U. and Junghans, A. R. and Lenske, H. and Fujiwara, M. and Suda, T. and Kato, S. and Adachi, T. and Hamieh, S. and Harakeh, M. N. and Kalantar-Nayestanaki, N. and Wörtche, H. and Berg, G. P. A. and Koop, I. A. and Logatchov, P. V. and Otboev, A. V. and Parkhomchuk, V. V. and Shatilov, D. N. and Shatunov, P. Y. and Shatunov, Y. M. and Shiyankov, S. V. and Shvartz, D. I. and Skrinsky, A. N. and Chulkov, L. V. and Danilin, B. V. and Korsheninnikov, A. A. and Kuzmin, E. A. and Ogloblin, A. A. and Volkov, V. A. and Grishkin, Y. and Lisin, V. P. and Mushkarenkov, A. N. and Nedorezov, V. and Polonski, A. L. and Rudnev, N. V. and Turinge, A. A. and Artukh, A. and Avdeichikov, V. and Ershov, S. N. and Fomichev, A. and Golovkov, M. and Gorshkov, A. V. and Grigorenko, L. and Klygin, S. and Krupko, S. and Meshkov, I. N. and Rodin, A. and Sereda, Y. and Seleznev, I. and Sidorchuk, S. and Syresin, E. and Stepantsov, S. and Ter-Akopian, G. and Teterev, Y. and Vorontsov, A. N. and Kamerdzhiev, S. P. and Litvinova, E. V. and Karataglidis, S. and Alvarez Rodriguez, R. and Borge, M. J. G. and Fernandez Ramirez, C. and Garrido, E. and Sarriguren, P. and Vignote, J. R. and Fraile Prieto, L. M. and Lopez Herraiz, J. and Moya de Guerra, E. and Udias-Moinelo, J. and Amaro Soriano, J. E. and Lallena Rojo, A. M. and Caballero, J. A. and Johansson, H. T. and Jonson, B. and Nilsson, T. and Nyman, G. and Zhukov, M. and Golubev, P. and Rudolph, D. and Hencken, K. and Jourdan, J. and Krusche, B. and Rauscher, T. and Kiselev, D. and Trautmann, D. and Al-Khalili, J. and Catford, W. and Johnson, R. and Stevenson, P. D. and Barton, C. and Jenkins, D. and Lemmon, R. and Chartier, M. and Cullen, D. and Bertulani, C. A. and Heinz, A. (2011):
The electron–ion scattering experiment ELISe at the International Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR)—A conceptual design study.
In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, p. 60, 637, (1), ISSN 01689002,
[Online-Edition: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.12.246],
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1781
|
__label__wiki
| 0.699214
| 0.699214
|
Energy Performance Improvement (EPI)
Energy Stewardship
Energy Action Plan 2020
UES Fast Facts
Campus Recycling Locations
Move-In Cardboard Collection
Brazos Valley Earth Day
Recycling Projects
Contact Recycling Services
Community Recycling Locations
Utility and Energy System Improvements
Battle of the Buildings Bootcamp
Battle of the Buildings Competition
Energy Star Certification
Global District Energy Award
Energy Star CHP Award
District Energy Magazine
Retrofit Magazine
UES World Class Service Awards
CHP Project of the Year
Department of Energy Recovery Act Case Study (PDF)
TAMU SIEMENS White Paper (PDF)
TAMU SIEMENS Advertorial Feature (PDF)
TAMU Design Standards
UES Master Plan (PDF)
Campus Utility Data (UtiliSight)
Digging on Campus
Utility Customer Services
UES Newsletter
UES Forms
Energy Cost Saving Tips
TAMU Carbon Footprint
RP49: Annual Energy Management Report (PDF)
Texas A&M Annual Water Report (PDF)
"Producing the Energy to Educate..."
The Utilities & Energy Services (UES) Department at Texas A&M University provides comprehensive utilities and energy management services for the entire University, serving over 750 buildings, over 23 million gross square feet of facilities, and over 60,000 faculty, staff, and students engaged in research and teaching activities. The utility systems at the university have operated continuously longer than any other in the region, with on-site power generation since 1893 to meet Texas A&M University requirements. The utility infrastructure alone at TAMU has an estimated replacement value of $1.25 billion which includes the production, distribution and processing of electricity, water, sanitary sewer collection and treatment, storm drainage, solid waste and recycling services. UES also manages one of the largest and most sophisticated Building Automation Systems in the world, with over 400,000 monitoring and control points to regulate temperatures, humidity, air and water flow, and lighting in campus facilities. When this is combined with its extensive energy management services, UES provides a comprehensive and cost‐effective range of mission‐critical services for the entire campus. From 2002 alone, operational efficiencies, conservation, and management of services have produced a 45 percent reduction in total university energy consumption and Greenhouse Gas output, increased recycling to 65% of solid waste on campus, and resulted in $175 million of total cost avoidance for the University.
Utilities & Energy Services
UES includes over 200 staff members with diverse backgrounds and interests. Our department values, nurtures, and respects all members of its community and ensures an environment of inclusive excellence where all associates are inspired and empowered to achieve their full potential. Texas A&M University is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer dedicated to excellence through diversity.
A world class leader in the production, delivery, and management of utilities and energy services, fostering a culture of excellence in support of the vision and mission of Texas A&M University.
Providing world class service through the production, delivery, and management of safe, reliable, and efficient utility and energy systems, effectively stewarding university resources and the environment.
UES is committed to continuously improve the quality and value of service provided to our customers to not only meet but exceed expectations.
· © 2019 Utilities & Energy Services · Designed by Press Customizr · Powered by ·
• Privacy & Security Policy
- Accessibility Policy
- TAMU Contact Information •
• Compact with Texans
- Campus Construction
- Emergency Preparedness
- Statewide Search •
College Station, Texas 77843
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1782
|
__label__wiki
| 0.843528
| 0.843528
|
JJ Abrams Offers Updates on Portal and Half-Life Movies
JaredJones
1 POSTED: 16 Mar 2016 09:45
The notoriously busy director/producer claims that movie adaptations of both popular Valve games are "still in development."
It's has been three-plus years since J.J. Abrams first announced that he would be teaming with Valve Software's Gabe Newell to bring us not only a movie based on Valve's incredibly popular platformer Portal, but a Half-Life one as well. In the time since...nothing.
While doing the media rounds for 10 Cloverfield Lane, however, Abrams finally broke his silence on the projects, sort of, telling IGN that both films were "Not (done) yet, but they're in development. And we've got writers, and we're working on both those stories. But nothing that would be an exciting update."
Given Abrams' ability to sneak entire movies past us, it's very possible that both Portal and Half-Life movie are already in the can and he's just screwing with us. Then again, given the long and well-documented failure of big studios to bring a "proper" or even "not terrible" video game adaptation to life, it's probably safe to assume that either movie is a couple years away at best.
Though we have no idea who these writers are that Abrams is mentioning, it's worth noting that 10 Cloverfield Lane director Dan Trachtenberg did shoot a short film based on Portal in 2011 that was incredibly well-received by the game's fanbase. With reviewers citing the first-timer's direction as one of the key components of 10 Cloverfield Lane's success, one would have to imagine that he'll be involved in this project in some regard.
As for Half-Life, it might not be so cut and dry. Back in 2010, Valve's CEO and co-founder, Gabe Newell, said that any attempt at a Half-Life movie would be completed in house by Valve themselves, so who knows what the future holds for that picture.
All that being said, I suppose I should close by asking what seems to be the requisite question on these kinds of stories: Could Abrams and/or Valve be the team that finally cracks the video game movie code?
Source: IGN
Nazulu
Please no! I don't want Jar Jar anywhere near those franchises. The guy makes the most shallow focus group sponges imaginable! Isn't there any real directors these days that might be interested in these games?
Dalisclock
So Valve is handling any movies based on their IP in house? We shouldn't expect to see them anytime in the next decade. Got it.
Jandau
Oh, god, no...
I detest his directing style. It was IMO one of the main reasons why Force Awakens was simply "decent" and "fine" instead of "great" and "awesome". That film is good despite Abrams, not because of him. But he has wormed his way into the "geek" section of Holywood, and it just pisses me off. These are franchises I enjoy and would love to see films set in them. Sadly, if he directs them, they won't be very good...
On the bright side, he might end up producing them or something. He seems to be able not to fuck that up, so I'd be fine with that. Just as long as nobody lets him direct...
Soviet Heavy
I actually didn't like that Portal fan film. Both Half Life and Portal have elements of horror to them, but fan production often forget the other elements that make the games work, and double down on the dark, edgy, emotional crud and ignore the stuff that makes the games fun. Horror is an undercurrent in the games, but the fan films make it so overt.
It's why, while I like Black Mesa Source, I hate the soundtrack, because it gets rid of the atmosphere setting synthesizers and replaces them with generic sad piano dreck.
SonOfVoorhees
I would like a Portal movie but it would have to be low budget and one woman trying to escape while the AI is trying to stop her. You know, like the game. I really hope they dont make it all dark and dingy like that fan made movie. In the game everything was bright and clean until you got behind that and its dingy and dark back ares.
Metalix Knightmare
So, how much do you wanna bet that Abrams is gonna make Post Combine Earth look like an Apple store?
Ukomba
-_- why does JJ have to keep touching my favorite things. At this rate, he's going to some how get a hold of Firefly and Red Rising. :P
Ukomba:
Because his movies do well.
You might hate them, but that doesn't mean everyone does.
Olas:
Ya, he's a lot like Michale Bay in that way. He's really good at dumbing things down to the lowest common denominator. But his true genius isn't in story telling it's in marketing. I'd hire him to plan a marketing campaign or cut a trailer but I hate when he has creative control.
Kenjitsuka
"not only a movie based on Valve's incredibly popular platformer Portal, but a Half-Life one as well. In the time since...nothing."
Well, DUH! It's obviously going to be based off of Half-Life 3's story! And everyone knows Portal 3 was the game that THAT movie got most of it's emotional heart from... which you should know is going to be based on the HL3 engine. Which will release in: (oh crap, that's where my PC Magazine December 2024 is missing half a page).
You're worried he's going to "dumb down" Half Life and Portal? Like this is high art he's dealing with? If these movies are even comparable to the worst film he's directed (Mission Impossible 3, 70% on RT), they'd be the best video-game adaptations to date.
Look, I'm a big Valve fan, and I don't really see the need to adapt these games to film AT ALL. But if it's going to happen, Abrams would be on my short list of go-to directors. Obviously some of the people at Valve must like him, they put LOST easter eggs in HL2 Ep2, and included an interactive trailer for Super 8 with the release of Portal 2.
MarsAtlas
Please don't.
That said, a movie based around Apeture Sciences could actually be pretty good as long as its not "Portal: The Videogame: The Movie" and actually uses its license creatively. You know, sort of like the TF2 comics do.
Clearly I'm talking about his earlier movies as he's never done a video game adaptation. e_e
But no, I'm sure he'll do the same thing every other director who tries to do a video game will do. I wouldn't be at all surprised if Shell and Freeman end up as romantic interests of eachother. That or Portal will turn into an Ex Machina clone while Half Life goes the Independence day rout. JJ isn't know for his respect of source material or originality.
Saelune
Can someone stop this guy. I am fucking tired of hearing is pompous self-absorbed name. Hes just a slightly nerdier Michael Bay. Star Trek, Star Wars. Hell even if he wasn't garbage, he is being given too much influence on nerdom in general. What next? A new LOTR or DnD movie?
I'm okay with a Half-Life film, but I would prefer it center around characters other than those from the games. I would rather see an exploration of the story-verse, expanding on the events that take place, than rehashing the story we've already seen.
Soviet Heavy:
Finally! Someone who agrees with me.
I can't stand the BMS soundtrack. It's a well composed bit of music, don't get me wrong, but it just does not fit the atmosphere and aesthetic of the Half-Life universe. It feels so out of place while playing, like I've turned off the in-game music and turned on some generic movie score. It's very off-putting.
I think the best way to put it is: It lacks that distinctive 80's/90's sci-fi flavor the original soundtrack had.
FPLOON
So... If these movies get made, then would Half-Life be the Cloverfield and Portal would be the 10 Cloverfield Lane?
Other than that, he's going to be producing them, right? ...Right?? RIGHT???
cikame
Regardless of how all this pans out i only have one request, Gordon Freeman should never speak.
Johnny Novgorod
I don't like how this guy suddenly has the monopoly on all of geekdom's treasured film rights.
Neurotic Void Melody
What i have learnt from this is that the internet does not like Abrams. Interesting.
Wiggum Esquilax
cikame:
Gordon Freeman should always speak:
Spoiler: Click to ViewPHA+PGRpdiBzdHlsZT0idGV4dC1hbGlnbjogY2VudGVyOyI+PGlmcmFtZSB3aWR0aD0iNDMyIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjI2OCIgc3JjPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnlvdXR1YmUuY29tL2VtYmVkL01pT2N3T2JsRU1VP2F1dG9wbGF5PTAiIHNjcm9sbGluZz0ibm8iIGZyYW1lYm9yZGVyPSIwIiBzdHlsZT0iYm9yZGVyOiAwcHggbm9uZSB0cmFuc3BhcmVudDsiPjwvaWZyYW1lPjwvZGl2PjwvcD4=
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1783
|
__label__wiki
| 0.644262
| 0.644262
|
HOME NEWS WORLD DEMO OUR TEAM PRESS SUBSCRIBE
Vagrus - The Riven Realms coming to Fig in April 2019
21 Mar | 10:00 am
We are proud to announce that Vagrus is coming to Fig in April 2019!
Our campaign is going to follow Fig's new Open Access model which shakes up the rather stale indie game crowdfunding scene by combining an open-ended campaign structure with offering supporters early involvement in development. Sounds like Early Access? Yes, it does have similarities but there are major differences:
Firstly, and this is important: games typically enter Early Access close to a Beta development readiness stage, as opposed to Open Access which - as the name suggest - opens up the game for players much earlier in the process. The upside is that upon pledging, people can see the actual game (in its current form at the time) and see it improving month by month. That gives value in the sense that many times crowdfunding campaigns insinuate a development being already well on the way while in fact many of their images and gifs are only created with after effects, unlike in an Open Access campaign where you can get your hands on the product right away.
Traditional Early Access offers the game only with a variety of frills to treat yourselves with (like having your name added to the Credits, getting the Digital Art book, designing your own enemy character). In our Fig campaign we aim to offer many options to get personally involved in creating Vagrus.
There are no goals to speak of either during an Early Access period; you buy the game and that's it. In Fig's Open Access campaign though, pledges are accumulated and contribute to cover development milestones, like adding a new feature, content, or recording additional voice over. There will be smaller and bigger chunks of work that we add as milestones, showing everyone what we are going to work on and how much that will take.
The campaign will start with a so-called Backstage Pass (BSP) period where only people who signed up (and agreed to keep it confidential) see the campaign page. That serves to 'test the waters' and make improvements to the page, as well as to start the public part of the campaign from an elevated position. In Backstage Pass, we will also be offering special tiers (similar to 'Early bird' tiers in traditional Kickstarters). Should you or your friends be interested to see those offers, you can sign up for BSP on Fig.co at any time.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wanna get the game ready as early as possible with even more content? Please share our pages and posts with your friends through your favorite social media channel(s). It is much appreciated!
Fig.co | Steam Store Page | Game Jolt page | Itch.io page | IndieDB page
Website | Youtube | Twitter | Facebook | Instagram | Patreon | Discord
#2019 #crowdfunding #fig #projectupdate #socialmedia
or find us on
Please consider supporting us on: Follow the development process:
Lost Pilgrims is an indie game development studio working on their dark fantasy strategy RPG for PC - currently under the working title Vagrus - planned to be released in 2020.
We are bootstraping to our limits and beyond. With no publisher behind our backs we rely solely on our savings and good will of our friends & family to keep us going. We are eternally grateful for everyone supporting us in any shape of form; most prominently by becoming our Patron. Your help is key to our success so we can deliver a game we are proud of.
Privacy Policy | Terms of Service | Cookie declaration
©2018 Lost Pilgrims Studio
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1784
|
__label__wiki
| 0.907662
| 0.907662
|
AI startup Clarifai hacked by Russian source while part of Pentagon’s Project Maven
Khari Johnson@kharijohnson June 13, 2018 11:08 AM
Above: Predator drone
Image Credit: U.S. Air Force
Computer vision company Clarifai is being accused of being hacked last year by one or more people in Russia while participating in the Department of Defense’s Project Maven, then failing to report the breach to the Pentagon.
Former Clarifai employee and Air Force captain Amy Liu filed a lawsuit earlier this month in which she accuses the AI startup of being compromised by sources in Russia, then failing to report the breach to the Department of Defense in a timely fashion, Wired reported. Liu claims she was fired days after the breach was discovered for asking the company to report the incident to the Pentagon, while an unnamed former employee says handling of the breach led him to leave the company. Multiple employees left due to the company’s involvement with Maven.
Liu said she joined Clarifai last year to prepare a pitch to the military, and the company was awarded a six-month, $7 million Maven contract. Clarifai was reportedly involved in a similar part of Maven as Google: analyzing drone footage and improving object identification.
Word of Google’s involvement in Maven was first reported in March. In recent weeks the company said it would not renew its contract with the Department of Defense next year, and CEO Sundar Pichai announced a company ban on the use of AI for the creation of weaponry. More than 4,000 employees, including AI chief Jeff Dean, signed letters in opposition to the creation of autonomous weaponry at Google.
An incident report shared with Wired states that in November 2017, all of the company’s code and customer data may have been hacked via malware from Russia.
In response to the story, a Clarifai spokesperson said that last fall an untargeted bot was identified on an isolated research server separate from the infrastructure on which Clarifai customers run. An external assessment found that no customer data, company codes, nor algorithms were compromised.
Clarifai was founded in 2013 by Matt Zeiler following his win at the ImageNet computer vision contest. The startup offers computer vision services to a number of clients. Clarifai has so far raised more than $40 million from investors.
While Google plans to discontinue its role in Maven in 2019 and implemented a company ban on AI for weaponry, in response to Wired’s story, today Zeiler published a blog post titled “Why we’re a part of Project Maven.”
“For this project, we’re using the same widely-available version of the Clarifai technology that any developer or business can access today,” Zeiler wrote. “The capabilities developed here also have important civilian applications such as disaster response and search and rescue. We are a leading AI company and with responsibility being a core value of ours, we believe in putting our resources toward society’s best interests, and that includes America’s security.”
In response to allegations of employee turmoil, Zeiler said two employees requested and were granted reassignment from the Maven project.
The blog post as well as statements shared with VentureBeat and statements reported in Wired’s story make no attempt to specify when the breach was reported to the Pentagon or Clarifai customers.
Updated at 2:17 p.m. Pacific with comment from Clarifai spokesperson in response to Wired’s reporting.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1788
|
__label__wiki
| 0.600182
| 0.600182
|
GOP tax message hits a snag
By Naomi Jagoda and Niv Elis - 03/30/18 06:05 AM EDT
More than three months after the passage of the GOP’s tax-cut law, new surveys suggest that many people don’t think they are getting bigger paychecks, which could cut into support for Republicans in this fall’s midterm elections.
A CNBC poll this week stated that just 32 percent of working adults reported having more take-home pay due to the new law, a problem for Republicans hoping to run on the measure and the health of the economy in November.
The GOP has made the tax-cut law the centerpiece of its campaign message, arguing that Republican control of Congress and the White House led to legislation that is putting more money in people’s pockets and stimulating an economy with low unemployment.
Yet the CNBC poll suggested that many people aren’t noticing much of a change from the law, a sentiment that could feed into Democratic arguments that it is helping the rich while doing little for the middle class.
Conservatives say their problem is about messaging. They say they simply have to do more to deliver the news about the tax bill and its benefits.
“Republicans have to discipline themselves to stay on message,” said Americans for Tax Reform President Grover Norquist. “Somebody says ‘Korea and steel,’ you say ‘tax cuts.’”
Republicans publicly and privately have criticized President Trump Donald John TrumpAmash responds to 'Send her back' chants at Trump rally: 'This is how history's worst episodes begin' McConnell: Trump 'on to something' with attacks on Dem congresswomen Trump blasts 'corrupt' Puerto Rico's leaders amid political crisis MORE for distracting from a party message centered on taxes and the economy.
The CNBC poll wasn’t the first one to show few employed people reporting seeing paycheck boosts due to the tax law. A Politico–Morning Consult poll conducted in mid-February found that 37 percent of employed voters noticed more take-home pay, while 53 percent hadn’t.
And more generally, the GOP is already facing stiff headwinds.
A CNN poll released this week found Democratic voters enjoy a significant enthusiasm gap over Republican voters — although the poll also saw Democrats’ advantage on the generic House ballot narrowing.
Tax experts said there are a number of reasons why people might not be reporting seeing an increase in their take-home pay.
One reason is that many taxpayers won’t end up receiving a particularly large tax cut, especially if the benefit is spread out over the course of the year.
For example, the Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center has estimated that people with incomes between $48,600 and $86,100 will, on average, receive a tax cut of $930 for 2018, which is around $35 per pay period if divided equally among 26 pay periods. The group said that people with income of below $25,000 will, on average, get a tax cut of only $60 over the course of the whole year.
“The tax bill just doesn’t provide much benefit to most people,” said Vanessa Williamson, a fellow in governance studies at the Brookings Institution.
The CNBC survey seemed to confirm that result. It showed that people with higher incomes were more likely to notice an increase in take-home pay than low-income individuals — an outcome that Democrats could use against the GOP in their midterm campaign.
Another reason why people may not be reporting seeing paycheck boosts is that some of the benefits of the new tax law, such as the larger child tax credit, aren’t reflected in the new withholding tables.
“There are benefits of tax reform that aren’t necessarily reflected in the new withholding tables, and this is the last year Americans will have to file their taxes under the old code,” said Julia Slingsby, a spokeswoman for House Ways and Means Committee Chairman Kevin Brady Kevin Patrick BradyBlue states sue Treasury, IRS over rules blocking Trump tax law workarounds Manufacturers group lobbies Congress for new North America trade deal Lawmakers join Nats Park fundraiser for DC kids charity MORE (R-Texas.).
Experts also said that there are other reasons why people may see changes in their paychecks besides the tax cuts, such as larger 401(k) contributions or health insurance premiums.
“There’s just a lot of moving parts to people’s take-home pay,” said Gordon Gray, director of fiscal policy at American Action Forum.
The GOP must also contend with people’s pre-existing political views, which color their perception of whether the tax plan has affected their income for the better.
Among the employed adults in the survey, Trump voters were more than twice as likely to say they had more take-home pay as a result of lower federal taxes (48 percent) than people who voted for Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton Hillary Diane Rodham ClintonHillary Clinton slams Trump rally: 'The time has come again' to fight for democracy Trump blasts minority Democrats, rally crowd chants 'send her back' The Memo: Democrats debate Trump response – 'Being righteous and losing sucks' MORE (22 percent). Nearly twice as many Clinton voters said they didn’t see a wage bump in comparison to Trump voters (62 percent to 35 percent, respectively).
That could indicate that Republicans will have a hard time reaching Clinton voters, even if their paychecks are increasing as a result of the tax overhaul.
Still, polls have shown that support for the tax law has increased since its enactment as companies have announced wage increases, bonuses and new benefits following the law’s passage. According to GOP internal polling, the tax law has a positive image in competitive House districts.
“The Republican-led tax reform plan becomes more popular by the day as people learn about the positive effect it has had on their paychecks, family budgets and our thriving economy,” said Jesse Hunt, a spokesman for the National Republican Congressional Committee.
Only a small subset of adults surveyed by CNBC said that they saw their paychecks go up and it was significantly beneficial.
Of those surveyed in the CNBC poll, only 60 percent were employed to begin with. Among those, only 32 percent said that they noticed their income go up as a result of tax changes.
Breaking that group down further, just 38 percent thought the amount their wages went up helped a fair amount or a great deal. That means only 12 percent of employed adults thought the tax plan helped them in a significant way, which amounts to only 7.2 percent of the overall sample.
The poll comes after employers were supposed to have adopted guidance from the IRS that adjusted the amounts withheld from people’s paychecks for federal taxes in light of the new law.
The withholding guidance took into account three key parts of the tax law: the lower rates, larger standard deduction and repeal of personal exemptions. Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin Steven Terner MnuchinMnuchin says White House, Pelosi have deal on top-line budget numbers The Hill's Morning Report - Trump seizes House impeachment vote to rally GOP Administration pushes back on quick budget deal: 'We have a way to go' MORE said that 90 percent of wage earners would see more take-home pay due to the guidance.
Conservatives said that GOP lawmakers should do more to highlight the tax law’s benefits.
“The amplification needs to go up. If a congressman is only talking about it once a week, he needs to talk about it twice a week,” said Ryan Ellis, senior tax adviser for the Family Business Coalition.
The Republican National Committee is planning a "week of action" during the week of the April 17 filing deadline to tout the benefits of the new law, according to a spokeswoman.
One bright point for Republicans in the CNBC poll is that, despite many people brushing aside the tax bill's positive effect on their income, a large number maintained an overall positive outlook about their wages.
Of the 60 percent of respondents that were currently employed, 41 percent said they expect their wages to increase in the next year — a moderately high level by historical standards.
And the good economic news keeps on coming. On Thursday, the Labor Department announced that jobless claims have fallen to their lowest level since 1973.
Focusing on overall economic satisfaction could be a winning approach for Republicans, even if people aren’t feeling a big effect from the tax cuts.
“People are always skeptical about their getting higher pay and tax or other benefits,” says pollster Mark Penn, a former strategist for President Clinton.
“The key point is how are they feeling about the overall economy. A party should never run on tax cuts but on economic performance, employment and wage gains. Tax cuts by themselves would not be a winning message,” he added.
Tags Hillary Clinton Steven Mnuchin Donald Trump Kevin Brady Tax economy Republican Party Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1789
|
__label__cc
| 0.522047
| 0.477953
|
Fruit invasion at craft breweries blurs lines of traditional beer styles
Great Divide, New Belgium and other brewers see fruit as innovation, despite how it mimics big beer companies
By John Frank Apr 12, 2017, 7:00 am
Great Divide Roadie Grapefruit Radler beer at the Great Divide Barrel Bar April 6, 2017 in Denver. (Andy Cross, The Denver Post)
Bob Malone spent weeks perfecting Great Divide Brewing’s newest beer, the Roadie Grapefruit Radler, but don’t expect to see the veteran brewer drinking it.
“I like beer-flavored beer,” he said.
Made with loads of grapefruit puree, the roadie is a take on a shandy, a beer blended with juice or soda. And the Denver brewery’s concoction is the latest example of how fruit is invading craft beer. The trend is blurring the lines and generating plenty of debate at the bar stools.
Once limited to certain styles, such as wheats and sours, fruit additions are now ubiquitous in the craft beer market, dominating even pale ales and IPAs as the industry strives to capture more consumers’ attention.
The idea of an orange slice on the rim of a glass or a lemon stuffed down the neck of a bottle seems quaint now — and the snide remarks about Bud Light Lime maybe a little insincere.
What you need to know so you can enjoy drinking beer and wine in a Denver park
Denver Day of Rock, “Disgraceland,” Hari Kondabolu comedy and more things to do this weekend
8 drinks with low alcohol so you can sip on them all summer long
12 under-the-radar breweries that you should be drinking at this summer
5 summer adventures crafted around craft beer
“There are certain styles that are always going to have (fruit),” said Ross Koenigs, an innovations brewer at New Belgium in Fort Collins. “But we seem to be whipped up into a bit of a frenzy right now.”
Fruit’s role in beer is steeped in history and it is becoming more sophisticated. Two decades ago, raspberry beer became so popular that it received its own category for the Great American Beer Festival.
Brian Faivre, the brewmaster at Deschutes Brewery in Oregon, recalled at a recent Breckenridge beer event how “it was a little gimmicky and overwhelming” at the time. Now, he said, “a lot of brewers are taking it as an opportunity to find … a way to blend all these ingredients and flavors to get that touch of special-ness.”
The most dominant fruit flavors are tropical — oranges, mangoes and papayas — while other popular additions include peaches, strawberries and cherries. Many fruit notes are easy to pull from the luscious modern hops, but the addition of whole fruits, puree and extracts to the brewing process only amplifies the flavor.
Renegade Brewing in Denver recently debuted a grapefruit version of its Endpoint Triple IPA. The beer “is single-hopped with Summit hops, which have a notable grapefruit characteristic to them. So, with the popularity of fruit IPAs, it was a natural choice to add grapefruit to that beer to accentuate the characteristic of the hop,” said brewer Brian O’Connell.
For many brewers, fruit beers are a logical extension of the craft industry’s focus on innovation.
“It’s part of the endless pursuit of new and endless flavors,” Koenigs said.
New Belgium just released its Juicy Watermelon Lime Ale for the summer season, and this year debuted a new version of its Citradelic featuring Persian lime and fresh coriander.
“No one is trying to do really anything interesting with lime,” Koenigs explained of Citradelic Exotic Lime Ale, adding that the brewery wanted to put “a craft flag in the ground on lime.”
The “craft flag” moniker is no accident. Fruit is a ticklish topic after Budweiser mocked craft beer in a 2015 Super Bowl advertisement for “their pumpkin peach ale” — only to later buy more craft breweries.
Jason Wilson pours a Great Divide Roadie Grapefruit Radler beer at the Great Divide Barrel Bar April 6, 2017 in Denver. (Andy Cross, The Denver Post)
The mega beer companies are not shy about using fruit but often draw criticism for watering down or masking beer with these flavors. If the craft beer industry is pushing close to that line, Koenigs doesn’t mind.
“We are borrowing a bit from the big brewers as well, and I see nothing wrong with that,” he said.
He sees the fruit beers as a way to recruit new consumers to craft beer, and New Belgium has asked stores to position some of its brews next to the Budweisers of the world.
“I think we are trying to provide a credible path for them to come into craft,” he said of the brewery’s fruit beers. “They are curious, but with all the variety and all of the styles, they don’t quite want to engage on that nerdy craft level. So providing a ladder for them on a very tangible flavor … helps to broaden the tent, so to speak.”
Great Divide’s new Roadie Radler is not the only example of where craft breweries and macro-beer players are seeing overlap. So far, Malone said, consumers are enjoying the new beer.
His personal opinion is that some fruit beers can be “almost an abomination,” but at the same time, he said the experimentation is part of the craft culture.
“I love that people are willing to put anything into any style, it’s so fun,” he said. “It’s never going to work if you don’t try something new.”
This story was first published on DenverPost.com
Post tags: craft beer
Last hit: Rocky Mountain Fur Con scratched in Denver over fears of violence Up next: Colorado Dines Out for the Arts hits Denver today
New brew fest in Denver will feature beers of Colorado’s yesteryear
Great Divide opens in DIA, WeldWerks expands to the Springs and more Colorado beer news
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1791
|
__label__cc
| 0.699759
| 0.300241
|
Angela Bowie and Mark Bego Co-Host Beverly Hills Party For DVD Release of Film By Sergio Kardenas
Samuel Paugh, Angela Bowie, Sergio Kardenas, Shelia Redgate, Gina Virto, and Mark Bego at Nic’s Martini Lounge in Beverly Hills
Angela Bowie and Mark Bego, two of the stars of the new film, “La Funcionaria Asesina (a/k/a The Bureaucrat Assassin),” hosted a gala cocktail party for the director / filmmaker Sergio Kardenas, at Nic’s Martini Lounge in Beverly Hills, November 18, 2010. The party guests included music producer Kim Fowley (Joan Jett & The Runaways), event planner John Botticella, folk musician Raspin Stuwart, and nightclub owner Luke Nicola. Also present were Bowie and Bego’s co-stars in the film, Gina Virto, Allison Kyler, Samuel Paugh, Rob Patterson, and Sheila Redgate. The party was to salute the DVD release of “La Funcionaria Asesina (a/k/a The Bureaucrat Assassin),” which is a high-camp homage to classic “slasher” films, and was the winner of the “Audience Favorite” award at The Arizona Underground Film Festival. According to Mark Bego, “Angela and I are so excited about being in this film. We play the parents of an axe murderess, and what can I say, except: ‘We are so proud! The family that slays together, stays together!’ We both loved working with Sergio, and we had such a great time that we are both in his next film, which is entitled ‘Cafe A Go Go.'” Sergio Kardenas’ new film, “Cafe A Go Go” is currently filming in Tucson, Arizona. It is a high-camp film based on William Shakespeare’s classic play about power and revenge, “Titus Andronicus.” It will also feature Randy Jones of The Village People. Angela Bowie’s newest recordings are featured on the charity album “AIDS Be Gone,” and Mark Bego’s latest book is “Paperback Writer: A Memoir.”
Posted in Angela Bowie, Mark Bego on November 23, 2010 by macwriter1. Leave a comment
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1793
|
__label__cc
| 0.671507
| 0.328493
|
Tag Archives: beetle
National Writing Day – This Is My Story…
Writing. A wonderful form of art. I discovered it when I was very young and I have loved it ever since. I used to enjoy reading fiction books and tried my hand at writing one myself. That’s when I discovered that there was more behind writing. In fact, there was a whole world of writing! I could turn anything, absolutely anything, into a story written down on paper! Cockroach-shark cross breeds and magical pixies could be real, with a little help of pen and paper. Writing was a way of expressing my thoughts and feelings. I kept on writing and writing whenever I found the time, during break times, at home, on the way to school and made great improvement. I enjoyed the writing time thoroughly. Many years passed and I grew up. And here I am now, writing this story. I’m going to tell it to you.
It all started on the 12th of September, a fine autumn day. The leaves on the trees were a brilliant shade of orangey-red, swaying in the gentle breeze like flames in a fireplace. I was at school for afternoon lessons when I asked to be excused. I stepped out into the empty corridor and closed the door behind me. That’s when I looked to my left and saw Mr Thorpington, the school caretaker, coming towards me. Instead of his usual grey jumper and black trousers, he was wearing some sort of dark purple cloak and oddly shaped brown leather boots.
“Oh, hello, Mr Thorpington. What are you doing here?” I asked him.
“Mr What? My name’s Morpmagagus!” he replied, a surprised look on his face.
“Mor..Morph…Mop..Mo…What?”
“Morpmagagus. But do stop being silly. We must get going!”
“Going where?” I questioned him.
“You’ll find out soon enough, Jack Dillion. Come on!”
“I want – Wait a second. How do you know my full name?” I said.
“Oh, I know more than that, Jack.” he told me, an air of mystery wafting around in his voice. Then he walked down the corridor. I followed.
At last we stopped in front of a large wooden door I had never seen before. It had a copper-coloured handle and shiny hinges.
“What’s this?” I asked the so-called Morpmagagus.
“The door to the space between the past, the present and the future.” he informed me. “Beyond that is a strange alternate universe where spirits roam free and creatures you would not have even imagined to have existed reside. These beings are kind, but I must warn that there is also evil and danger there. So long as you listen to me, no harm will come to you.”
He opened the door to reveal a swirl of bright colours shining in my face.
“Wait, you don’t mean-wha-?”
I didn’t have time to finish speaking as I was pushed through the doorway. After that, there was black.
When I came to, I was lying on the ground facing a bright blue sky. Slowly, I rose up and examined my surroundings. Morpmagagus was standing beside me.
“Well, don’t just stand there!” he cried. “There’s no time to mess about!” And he hurried off, with me trying to catch up behind him.
“Mr…um…Mr Morpy. May I just ask, where are we?” I asked him.
“Arator” he replied calmly. “The alternate universe.”
“Looks the same as Earth to me.” I said.
Morpmagagus (or rather Mr Morpy now) sighed and said “My dear Jack, just because this is an alternate universe doesn’t mean that the grass has to be blue and the sun has to be made of purple spinach! In Arator, only the animals are strange.”
This statement was soon proved true. Later on in the walk, we encountered shark-headed humans, a singing dog, a tweeting crocodile and at one point, I think I even spotted a two-hoofed camel riding on a screaming beetle who appeared to be wearing a party hat. After what seemed like 1 and a half hours (which, in actual fact, was only 20 minutes – evidence that time does not fly, unless you are referring to the clock-winged birds that I also sighted), I asked Mr Morpy something.
“Mr Morpy, why are we even here?”
“We are here because of you and the evil of Horatio Thymebundle.”
“Horatio is a man that lives on the edge of Arator, residing in the shadows. There used to be good in him but now he’s turned evil. He plans to extract the happiness from Earth.”
“But why?” I said.
“Well, you see, Horatio had his happiness drained out of him from a very young age. His parents died and he had no one else to look after him. From then on, he spent a life of misery and sadness. But then he found Arator and was given great power that only the first human in Arator could possess. He wants to use this power to get revenge on the humans. He thinks it wasn’t fair that he couldn’t be happy. Only you can stop him.”
“By using this.” Mr Morpy pulled out a dazzling diamond from under his cloak. “This,” he announced, “is the Jewel of Latos. The jewel of peace! If you restore it to it’s rightful place, Horatio will be defeated. But you must be the one that does this, because of your magnificent mind, your imagination, your creativity and most importantly, your pure heart.”
“Right,” I said, after a brief silence. “But if I’m going to do it, then don’t put so much pressure on me!”
“OK.” said Mr Morpy.
After a few more minutes walking, we reached a large patch of open grass. It was much darker here.
“We have arrived.” whispered Mr Morpy. “Now, when I tell you to go, run towards the tree stump in the middle of the field and put the jewel in there. Understood?”
I nodded. Suddenly, there was a snap behind us.
“Horatio knows we are here. Get ready!” said Mr Morpy. I could sense a hint of panic in his voice. CRASH! A huge tree fell down behind us.
“Go!” Mr Morpy shouted at me. I ran and ran as fast as I could towards the tree stump. Everything was a blur after that. I remember being grabbed by what seemed like the air and I dropped the jewel and fell down. I could hardly breathe as I tried to find the jewel. Finally, my hands touched the smooth surface of the diamond. I picked it up and touched the stump with it. There was the sound of wood cracking and then I saw black.
I opened my eyes and found myself standing in the school corridor. I was right outside my classroom. Automatically, I turned left and saw Mr Thorpington walking down the corridor with Mr Swithinbanks, the headteacher. He was babbling about important repairs for the school to Mr Thorpington.
“Oh, hello there, Jack!” he said when he passed me.
“Hello, Mr Swithinbanks!” I said back to him.
They both disappeared round the corner. And, in that split-second of passing me, I could have sworn that Mr Thorpington winked at me.
Pretty crazy story, huh? Well, it’s still a story. It’s my story. All 1222 words of it. And it’s real. What about yours?
Written by Omar Mukhtar, The Pawsome Lion
10 years old blogger from Birmingham, UK
To support National Writing Day, 21st June 2017
#TellYourStory
Posted on June 21, 2017 by The Pawsome Lion in A Piece of Cake, June 2017 • Tagged 10 years old, A Piece of Cake, alternate universe, arator, art, autumn, beetle, camel, creativity, diamond, earth, evil, fiction, Genius-Free Zone, horatio thymebundle, imagination, jack dillion, jewel, jewel of latos, magnificent mind, morpmagagus, mr morpy, mr swithinbanks, mr thorpington, national writing day, paper, party hat, pawsome, peace, pen, pixies, power, pure heart, shark headed humans, singing dog, tell your story, the pawsome lion, time does not fly, time flies, tweeting crocodiles, writing • 8 Comments
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1797
|
__label__cc
| 0.655247
| 0.344753
|
The Raven King by Maggie Stiefvater (The Raven Cycle #4)
June 9, 2017 December 2, 2018 / The Shameful Narcissist
The Raven Cycle
<–Blue Lily, Lily Blue (TRC #3) Opal (TRC #4.5)–>
Title: The Raven King
Series Title: The Raven Cycle
Author: Maggie Stiefvater
Date Added: April 4, 2017
Date Started: April 8, 2017
Genre: Fantasy, Paranormal/Supernatural, Young Adult (YA), Romance
Media: eBook/Kindle
Shares Paradigms With: The Wizard in the Tree, Welsh Mythology, Final Fantasy X, Inception
The fourth and final installment in the spellbinding series from the irrepressible, #1 New York Times bestselling author Maggie Stiefvater.
All her life, Blue has been warned that she will cause her true love’s death. She doesn’t believe in true love and never thought this would be a problem, but as her life becomes caught up in the strange and sinister world of the Raven Boys, she’s not so sure anymore.
The finale of Maggie Stiefvater’s illustrious YA series (which I didn’t even realize was YA until I realized it was YA) has both the love and loss that’s expected of the genre without the cliche. The reason for Noah’s existence and draw to Gansey’s court is made abundantly clear, and more than one relationship therein is resolved. Ms. Stiefvater not only manages to introduce another member this late in the game, though he was mentioned/seen briefly before so not entirely novel, but she also gave us more unexpected relationships. So unexpected I had to leave a potential genre out of my list as just the mention of such would be too much of a clue, and it is so uncontrived, perfect, and pure that giving it away would be a sin. If you’ve read the final book or are curious, I’ll talk about it in the spoiler markers below. It doesn’t give away the main plot, but it does give away one of the major relationships.
*spoiler* So Ronan and Adam. Can I tell you how fucking happy I am that Maggie Stiefvater included a gay relationship and IT WASN’T A BIG DEAL? Like no one in Gansey’s court gave a shit about it. The only thing Gansey said to Adam was “Don’t hurt him.” He didn’t care that they were together; he only cared about Ronan’s well-being because he understood that Ronan’s acerbic attitude was a veneer.
Now I know some people might think Maggie S. made him like that in order to imply he was an “angry gay,” but Ronan has so many more valid reasons to be angry than that, and I think Ms. Stiefvater is a good enough author that she’d never offer that as an excuse. I also loved that Adam was totally okay with it. He’d initially liked Blue and was pretty damn upset when he found out her and Gansey had been hiding their relationship from him, and the move onto Ronan was natural without being over the top.
The author doesn’t make Adam’s bisexuality a big deal, and there’s a definite hint to Ronan’s homosexuality in the second book where he doesn’t react at all to Kavinsky’s cruel mockery that he’s having a relationship with Gansey. He doesn’t react, because he doesn’t see it out of the realm of possibility, and even if he wasn’t gay, he wouldn’t be ashamed of having those feelings.
I obviously can’t speak for gay/lesbian teens, but I’d like to say that Adam and Ronan’s relationship is a positive if subtle point in YA LGBT literature, and it’s that subtle, seamless nature of it that ironically makes it stick. *end spoiler*
The author gets so many nuances of teenage emotion right without being over the top or overbearing with it. They don’t act like stereotypical teens; they act naturally even in the face of supernatural events. And even with this as a backdrop, emotions still exist. Relationships still exist. Parties still exist. College planning and all of the tribulations around that still exist, but they’re part of two worlds: the tangible one that everyone else who’s not a Fox Way psychic or a member of Gansey’s court sees and the other.
Perhaps because I just finished reading and reviewing The Mabinogion Tetralogy not long ago, but even without the Welsh King Glendower, I picked up quite a few more references to the mythology.
The Gray Man is another name for Arawn, the god of death in that pantheon. It is more than a fitting title for Maura’s beloved assassin/Hitman With a Heart. Ronan’s mother Aurora has shades of Bloddeuwedd to her, though she is *spoiler* a woman not crafted from flowers, but of dreams. *end spoiler* Then there’s Aretemus whom I want to say is like “the wizard in the tree,” but that’s apparently only the title of a Lloyd Alexander book and not a known paradigm. However, Alexander’s Prydain Chronicles are based on Welsh Mythology, and “the wizard in the tree” paradigm is seen elsewhere in literature: ASOIAF has Bloodraven, and if we want to look at it from a mythological/theological standpoint then the “god hung on a tree” might be relevant and includes the likes of Odin from Norse Mythology and of course Jesus Christ, the latter of course tying nicely into the idea of the sleeping king to be awakened.
As for Glendower himself, there is a conclusion to Gansey’s quest, though the author doesn’t make it easy for either him nor the reader, and, to be honest, I had to reread the climax quite a few times and look at some reviews before I “got” it, though I’m still not entirely sure, and might need to look up some other interpretations so I can make sure I have it right.
I’m a bit torn between whether or not this is me being obtuse or if the author made it too subtle. She has a gift for ending a chapter or even book on a gut-wrenching cliffhanger, and while the implications may need to matriculate, it was still obvious what occurred. She may have wanted to really let this final punch resonate though, and I’d be quite the hypocrite for lowering the rating on something for being ambiguous or confusing. The one critique I do have is about a warning presenting in the prior novel about what would happen if a particular character were removed from the picture. That occurred, but the foretold disaster never did (or maybe it did, but they were able to handle it without much fuss; now I’m not sure).
I truly hope the rumblings about a TV series are true, and I hope whomever casts, writes, and directs such does it right by taking the author’s counsel. There are some awesome artist depictions of what the characters look like. I discovered this while perusing reviews on Goodreads and seeing a beautiful portrait of exactly how I pictured Ronan (the flower crown is just a bonus).
He looks so grumpy and adorable and I love it.
I’d also recommend having a Bilingual Bonus in Latin or Google Translate handy as you’re going to need it throughout every book.
Are there love triangles in this series? Yes, it mimics most YA in that, but I’ll tell you true: I didn’t even notice it. Since Blue is destined to kiss and kill her true love, and since she goes from Adam to Gansey, the former has some bitter emotions about that, but it doesn’t override the main narrative, which is ironic since the catalyst for the series is Blue’s poisonous lips. The Raven Cycle is much more than that. What starts and ends with a kiss is the entrance to a cycle where the past and future blend and psychics don’t really predict the future; they just know time always comes back around.
fantasy, FF10, FFX, Final Fantasy X, Inception, Lloyd Alexander, Maggie Stiefvater, Paranormal, Prydain Chronicles, Supernatural, The Raven Cycle, The Raven King, The Wizard in the Tree, YA, Young Adult
← Final Fantasy Friday: Someone Grab a Cane
30 Day Video Game Challenge: Day 10 →
6 thoughts on “The Raven King by Maggie Stiefvater (The Raven Cycle #4)”
Pingback: Blue Lily, Lily Blue by Maggie Stiefvater (The Raven Cycle #3) | The Shameful Narcissist Speaks
Great review! I just started reading Book 1 and finished the sample. I’m deciding if I want to cough up the cash for the full version. I like it but it hasn’t really grabbed me. I also had no idea it was YA and a there’s going to be a love triangle? *grumbles* You make it sound like quite the series though! I think I’ll give it a chance. 🙂
Do you have a Kindle? I could lend it to you! Shoot me your email address on Twitter or email and I’ll do just that. That way you don’t have to spend money on a book you may or may not like. It doesn’t have a love triangle per se, but they’re teenagers and their relationships are a bit messy. I didn’t really notice it, because it’s really seamlessly woven into the story, but if it’s a pet peeve of yours you might and it could impede your enjoyment. There are things that bug me about books that others don’t bat an eye at so no judgment from my end (shocker right lol?)
I have the Kindle app on my phone. I think that counts. I had no idea you can lend books digitally. I’ll send ya my email via some social media platform soon. Thanks! If the awful triangle isn’t that noticeable, I should be okay wit it. I just found a minor love triangle in HZD and it didn’t bother me, haha.
Got it! Let me try to do it now before I forget lol.
Pingback: Opal by Maggie Stiefvater (The Raven Cycle #4.5) | The Shameful Narcissist Speaks
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1803
|
__label__cc
| 0.722076
| 0.277924
|
O Come, O Come Emanuel
Posted by victoriaperpetua in Advent, Christmas, Death's Dark Shadows, Hallowed Treasures Saga, In Lonely Exile, O Come Emanuel, The Path to Misery
Hallowed Treasures Saga, Hymns
It is Advent, and the time when we sing one of my favorite hymns as Christmas approaches. But O Come, O Come, Emmanuel is not just one of my favorite Christmas hymns (O Holy Night and What Child Is This? are high on the list as well), but it is also the song from which I picked the titles of the three books in the Hallowed Treasures Saga.
Here is a video my husband, Frank, made of O Come, O Come Emanuel:
The song came first. The first two books had several working titles before I decided on The Path to Misery for the first book in the trilogy. But the song appeared early in the first book when the Princess Eluned, Jabberwock, and Bonpo finally make it through the snowstorm in the Mountains of Misericord, and Eluned sings: O come, Thou Key of David, come and open wide our heav’nly home; make safe the way that leads on high, and close the path to misery.
Once I decided on The Path to Misery for the first book, it made it easy to incorporate lyrics from other verses into the next two books and to choose In Lonely Exile and Death’s Dark Shadows at their titles.
The hymn is a translation of a Latin hymn, Veni, Veni, Emmanuel, which is a metrical paraphrase of the O Antiphons, a series of plainchant antiphons attached to the Magnificat at Vespers over the final days before Christmas. The 1861 translation, which I used to choose the titles, is from Hymns Ancient and Modern, and is the most used, by far, in the English-speaking world. Because the original song is in Latin, though, you will find many versions with different lyrics by artists who wished to copyright their version.
Each antiphon is a name of Christ, relating one of his attributes mentioned in Scripture. They are:
December 17: O Sapientia (O Wisdom)
December 18: O Adonai (O Lord)
December 19: O Radix Jesse (O Root of Jesse)
December 20: O Clavis David (O Key of David)
December 21: O Oriens (O Dayspring)
December 22: O Rex Gentium (O King of the nations)
December 23: O Emmanuel (O With Us is God)
According to Fr. William P. Saunders, “The exact origin of the O Antiphons is not known. Boethius (480–524) made a slight reference to them, thereby suggesting their presence at that time [the sixth century]. At the [Benedictine Abbey of Fleury] these antiphons were recited by the abbot and other abbey leaders in descending rank, and then a gift was given to each member of the community. By the eighth century, they are in use in the liturgical celebrations in Rome. The usage of the O Antiphons was so prevalent in monasteries that the phrases, Keep your O and The Great O Antiphons were common parlance. One may thereby conclude that in some fashion the O Antiphons have been part of our liturgical tradition since the very early Church.”
While the hymn is often linked with the 12th century, the earliest surviving evidence of the hymn’s text is in the seventh edition of Psalteriolum Cantionum Catholicarum, which was published in Cologne in 1710. The familiar tune called Veni Emmanuel was first linked to this hymn in 1851, when it appeared in the Hymnal Noted, paired with an early revision of the English translation of the text. In 1966, British musicologist Mary Berry (also an Augustinian canoness and noted choral conductor) discovered a 15th-century French manuscript containing the melody. Most versions are sung to this tune today.
Here is the version from:
Hymns Ancient and Modern (1861)
O come, O come, Emmanuel,
And ransom captive Israel,
That mourns in lonely exile here,
Until the Son of God appear.
Rejoice! Rejoice! Emmanuel
Shall come to thee, O Israel.
O come, Thou Rod of Jesse, free
Thine own from Satan’s tyranny;
From depths of hell Thy people save,
And give them victory o’er the grave.
O come, Thou Dayspring, from on high,
And cheer us by Thy drawing nigh;
Disperse the gloomy clouds of night,
And death’s dark shadows put to flight.
O come, Thou Key of David, come
And open wide our heav’nly home;
Make safe the way that leads on high,
And close the path to misery.
O come, Adonai, Lord of might,
Who to Thy tribes, on Sinai’s height,
In ancient times didst give the law
In cloud and majesty and awe.
And here is Punk version Frank created:
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1807
|
__label__cc
| 0.576378
| 0.423622
|
UnionSignUp.com
Easy online membership and political action enrollment tools for the labor movement
Union Administrator Account
UnionSignUp.com (“us”, “we”, or “our”) operates the https://unionsignup.com website (the “Service”).
This page informs you of our policies regarding the collection, use, and disclosure of personal data when you use our Service and the choices you have associated with that data. This Privacy Policy for UnionSignUp.com is powered by PrivacyPolicies.com.
We use your data to provide and improve the Service. By using the Service, you agree to the collection and use of information in accordance with this policy. Unless otherwise defined in this Privacy Policy, terms used in this Privacy Policy have the same meanings as in our Terms and Conditions, accessible from https://unionsignup.com
UnionSignUp.com uses the collected data for various purposes:
UnionSignUp.com will take all steps reasonably necessary to ensure that your data is treated securely and in accordance with this Privacy Policy and no transfer of your Personal Data will take place to an organization or a country unless there are adequate controls in place including the security of your data and other personal information.
We may disclose your personal information to third parties in a good faith belief that such disclosure is reasonably necessary to (a) take action regarding suspected illegal activities; (b) enforce or apply our Master Terms and this Privacy Policy; (c) enforce our Charter, including the Code of Conduct and policies contained and incorporated therein, or (d) comply with legal process, such as a search warrant, subpoena, statute, or court order.
By visiting this page on our website: https://unionsignup.com/contact-us/
Written Information Security Program
Copyright 2018 UnionSignUp.com
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1814
|
__label__cc
| 0.70086
| 0.29914
|
Smuggled failed; 70,000 cans of beer retained at Singapore Customs
Shirree February 23, 2018
Almost 70,000 cans of duty-unpaid beer – declared as fruit punch – have been uncovered by the Immigration and Checkpoints Authority (ICA) on Monday (Feb 19).
In a Facebook post on Thursday, ICA stated that officers detected the 69,048 cans of duty-unpaid beer in a consignment whereas it was passing via the Pasir Panjang Scanning Station.
The unpaid duty and goods and services tax (GST) amounted to $86,580 and $20,140 respectively.
The Singapore Customs is investigating the case, the post stated.
ICA added that such a way of concealment poses a cause for concern, “as it could be utilized by individuals with the bad intent to smuggle security items into Singapore”.
Newest figures from ICA launched earlier this month confirmed a rise in contraband smuggling, with 90,327 cases in the past 12 months, or a daily average of 247 attempts.
This was up 2.6 percent from the 88,050 the past 1 year. There have been 95,677 such cases in 2015.
#Beer#GST#ICA#investigation#retain#Singapore#Singapore Customs#Smuggle
Man attacks 7-Eleven staff when he was not allowed to purchase beer
27 shares7,445 views
Things to Look for When Contacting an Online Mortgage Consultancy
Shirree - May 29, 2019
Purchasing a mortgage is arguably one of the most important life decisions that you will ever have to make. This…
44 shares616 views
The punishment for NUS student who filmed girl in shower
Ho Zhi Hui - April 22, 2019
On Nov. 25, 2018, at around 1:20am, National University of Singapore (NUS) undergraduate Monica Baey was taking a shower at…
Girl, 6, dies in hospital after being found submerged, unattended in pool
Assuming that his six-year-old grandniece could swim without a float, a man left her unattended in a hotel swimming pool…
69-year-old pedestrian dies after being hit by car
Ho Zhi Hui - April 4, 2019
Primary school employee jailed for misappropriating pupils’ money
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1817
|
__label__cc
| 0.693752
| 0.306248
|
Mainly sunny to start, then a few afternoon clouds. A stray severe thunderstorm is possible. High around 95F. Winds SW at 10 to 20 mph..
Some clouds this evening will give way to mainly clear skies overnight. A stray severe thunderstorm is possible. Low 78F. Winds SSW at 10 to 15 mph.
Lil’ Ed & The Blues Imperials will headline the BBQ'Loo and Blues Too! event in downtown Waterloo.
Photo BY PAUL NATKIN
BBQ-Loo and Blues Too! details released
WATERLOO — Main Street Waterloo will host the 18th Annual BBQ’Loo and Blues Too! two-day event takes place July 19 from 5:30 to 9:30 p.m. and July 20 from 11 a.m. to 9:30 p.m. at Lincoln Park, downtown Waterloo.
The blues performances are free. A variety of barbecue and other food and beverage vendors will be available for purchase. This Kansas City Barbeque Society-sanctioned barbecue contest features nearly 40 contestants competing in the categories of pork, brisket, chicken, and ribs with awards given Saturday at 3:45 p.m.
On July 19, the 2018 Iowa Blues Challenge Winners, Scotty and the Wingtips take the stage. This band was formed in 1989 to host a jam session and has been together ever since playing challenges and festivals around the state. “Ain’t got a thing if you ain’t got that swing.”
Also on Friday, the annual Steak Cook-off competition starts at 5 p.m., followed by the annual Kid’s Q starting at 5:30 p.m. The Kid’s Q features children ages 6 through 15 showing their culinary skills in chicken and ground beef categories.
The free Kids Korner will be open Friday 5:30 to 9 p.m., and Saturday noon to 4 p.m. with free children’s activities.
On Saturday, the celebrity rib eating contest starts at 5:30 p.m. Three blues bands will perform on Saturday. Taking the stage at 11 a.m. is blues legend Rob Lumbard with Tina Haase Findlay. Rob and Tina won the 2018 Iowa Blues Challenge in the solo/duo category and represented Iowa at the 2019 International Blues Challenge. This duo is folk blues based and can cover jazz or blues standards, or do a set of original tunes.
At 2 p.m. Saturday, it’s the Avey Grouws Band. This band hits hard with a soul for blues, rock and roots/Americana. They are the winners of the 2017 Iowa Blues Challenge and represented Iowa in the semi finals at the International Blues Challenge in Memphis.
Headlining the BBQ’Loo and Blues Too on Saturday evening at 6:30 p.m. is Lil’ Ed and the Blues Imperials. From Chicago, world-renowned Lil’ Ed & The Blues Imperials have been standing tall for over 30 years.
Register to win one of four, 50-pound pork bundles. The drawing will be Saturday at 7:30 p.m. You do not need to be present to win.
For more information, call the Main Street Waterloo office at 291-2038 or go to www.mainstreetwaterloo.org.
Get the latest local news delivered daily directly to your inbox!
Bbq 'loo
2017 Prep Football Preview
Social Worker 4
State Training School
3211 Edgington Ave, Eldora, IA 50627
Ad Vault
Patio Furniture Sale
McGowan's Furniture
3754 W Airline Hwy, Waterloo, IA 50703
Skilled & Nursing Home Care ad - Celebra
Denver Sunet Home
235 N. Mill St, Denver, IA 50622
Stillwater Greenhouse
3110 Shadow Ave, Orchard, IA 50460
Oakridge Realtors
3313 Terrace Dr, Cedar Falls, IA 50613
Waterloo Community Playhouse
225 Commercial St. , Waterloo, IA 50701
Fuerstenberg Painting help wanted
Modern Builders Inc
201 Main St, Janesville, IA 50647
Fair Schedule with Photos
Bremer County Fair
2771 150th Street, Sumner, IA 50674
164969-1.pdf
Steimel Tree Service, LLC.
Trees can Quickly Become a Liability during Strong Winds and Storms. Call Steimel Tree Services Today, and Get Some Piece of Mind (319) 215-7067
Ye Olde Strippery
Restoring your furniture doesn't have to be complicated! Ye Olde Strippery is the name to trust! Call us today about your project! 319-277-8137
Dutton, Braun, Staack & Hellman, P.L.C.
Don't hesitate! If you've been in a car accident, call DBSH about your personal injury claim! 319-234-4471
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1823
|
__label__cc
| 0.64449
| 0.35551
|
The Webster County Genealogical Society
This is the official website of the Webster County (Iowa) Genealogical Society. The society’s library is located in Room 134 inside the Fort Dodge Public Library, 424 Central Avenue, Fort Dodge, IA 50501. Our hours are noon to 3 p.m. Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursdays. We are closed on holidays and other days the library is closed. We can open by appointment during hours the Fort Dodge Public Library is open. Our phone number is 515-302-9854.
Officers for 2016-2017
From left: Secretary/treasurer Carol Foltz, Vice President Susan Lieske, President Susan M. Olson.
President: Susan M. Olson
Vice President: Sue Lieske
Secretary/Treasurer: Carol Foltz
Obituary only requests are $5. For all other requests the fee is $15 per hour, plus copying costs. All research is done by volunteers. We will do research on items within our library, the Fort Dodge Public Library, Webster County Courthouse and other local and county resources. Our email address is webcoiagenies@gmail.com. Our phone number is 515-302-9854.
Checks should be made payable to the Webster County Genealogical Society and sent to:
Our email address is webcoiagenies@gmail.com
The monthly business meetings are held at 1 p.m. on the first Monday of the month at our library within the public library, except on holidays.
The goals of our society are to promote an interest in genealogy, to preserve Webster County records of cemeteries, churches, schools, courthouse documents, maps, family histories, and to maintain a genealogical library.
Meetings are held at the Webster County Genealogical Society room at 1 p.m. on the first Monday of the month from April to December, unless that Monday is a holiday.
What is in our library?
Visitors to our library will find a large collection of Webster County books, including histories, city directories, atlases, school, church, funeral home, cemetery records, obits which are indexed, newspaper indexes, family genealogies and more.
We have a collection of Iowa records as well as books and periodicals from other states, DAR and SAR books, and may reference and “how to” books.
Copies of all our publications through the Iowa Genealogical Society are on the library shelves.
We have a copy machine, microfilm reader/printer, microfiche reader and computer and printer, as well as many CD-ROMs of genealogical information.
We have indexed most of Webster County federal and state census records.
Microfilm records for Webster County
Dayton Review, Gowrie, Lehigh and Fort Dodge newspapers (some are also available at www.fortdodge.advantage-preservation.com)
1925 state census
Dayton Swedish church
World War I draft registrations
Iowa births 1880 to 1936
Iowa death records 1914 to 1924
Old Age Assistance
Microfiche records
Iowa delayed birth records 1852 to 1916 index
Iowa death index 1904 to 1916
Native Americans IGI
Canada IGI
Ireland IGI
Wales IGI
Family registry from Salt Lake City
Sanborn fire maps for Dayton, Gowrie, Lehigh, Fort Dodge, from 1885 to 1907
Visit Webster County Genealogical Society's profile on Pinterest.
*The graphic used in the header was designed by Saxon Holt of A Saxon Creation. It is part of the My Heritage Kit at MyMemories.com.
Eleanor S. Sullivan (daughter of Frank Dale Fessler) on October 26, 2018 at 7:46 am said:
I have a collection of photos from the estate of Frank “Dale” Fessler b. 1899,
son of Otto G. and Ethel Andres Fessler. The Fessler’s were residents of Fort Dodge. Otto was the son of David and Elise Kolb Fessler. David was one of the founders of Fort Dodge. Dale and his brothers, Harold and Donald, were raised in FD, and the pics are of Dale’s early years up until age 20. The photos are of his friends including Adrianne Wolcott and others. Would you be interested in having them? I would be happy to donate them. Eleanor Sullivan,1504 Woodridge Drive, Salisbury, Maryland 21804
CaySedai on October 26, 2018 at 9:03 am said:
We would be happy to accept them. Please send to:
Charles P Helsell on December 14, 2018 at 9:27 pm said:
OBITUARY REQUESTED FOR DR. X HOOVER, ORTHODONTIST, ABOUT 1948-1960? CONTACT ME FOR INFORMATION, I WAS A PATIENT C. 1952-1956. I DON’T KNOW HIS FIRST NAME OR HOW TO GET IT. THANKS. I WILL PAY. CHARLES HELSELL, CEDAR RAPIDS IA.
Susan M. Olson on June 20, 2019 at 3:13 pm said:
I sent you an email today.
Susan M. Olson, President
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1824
|
__label__wiki
| 0.990224
| 0.990224
|
Figo among legends to back teqball as sport continues promotion push at SPORTELMonaco
By Liam Morgan at the Grimaldi Forum in Monte Carlo
Former international footballers Luis Figo and Christian Karembeu were among the players to promote the sport of teqball, a table tennis-football hybrid which was demonstrated at the SPORTELMonaco convention here today.
Figo and Karembeu, both of whom used to play for Spanish giants Real Madrid, were on opposite sides during an exhibition match between Portugal and France.
Karembeu teamed up with William Gallas, an ex-France international who had spells with Chelsea and Arsenal during his career, while Figo played alongside compatriot and former Barcelona star Simão Sabrosa.
The match was held as part of a campaign from the International Teqball Federation (FITEQ) to promote and develop the newly-established sport.
The game is played on a specialist table, which the business branch of the FITEQ manufacture themselves.
Under the rules of the game, the ball must be returned to the opponent by touching it a maximum of three times.
The same body part cannot touch the ball in succession.
Matches are played in either singles or doubles format.
There are now tables in more than 35 countries, FITEQ claimed, while 20 nations participated at the inaugural Teqball World Cup in Budapest in July.
⚽️🏆TEQBALL REMATCH🏆⚽️ @LuisFigo and @simao20sabrosa VS Christian Karembeu and @wgallas13 🏆 24 of October, 14:30 😊Monaco 😊 pic.twitter.com/iE9kl4mTRN
— FITEQ (@fiteqball) October 23, 2017
It has been endorsed by a raft of former and current footballers, including German World Cup winner Lothar Matthäus, ex-Barcelona captain Carles Puyol and Brazilian Neymar, who moved from Barcelona to French club Paris Saint-German for a world record fee of €222 million (£198 million/$261 million) earlier this year.
The Lausanne-based FITEQ hope to establish competition at both the amateur and professional level, while President Gábor Borsányi ambitiously targeted a place on the Olympic programme in the distant future.
Another aim is to introduce the tables into more academies in football clubs all over the world in a bid to develop footballing technique and skill.
"It is a new and exciting sport," Figo, who played for both Barcelona and Real Madrid and was capped 127 times for Portugal before retiring in 2009, said here.
"In our generation we did not have the chance to have the quality of these tables.
"We used to have to use makeshift pitches in dressing rooms, but now teqball exists.
"I think it can be used not only in the dressing room but you can do it in the park and around schools and I think it will stay in the market.
"I am happy to try the sport and help its development."
Back to Teqball Home
October 2017: Social media among key themes at 2017 SPORTELMonaco convention
July 2017: Top footballers Gallas and Kanu attend inaugural Teqball World Cup
Liam Morgan Senior chief reporter
Follow @LMorgan21
Since joining insidethegames.biz, in 2015 Liam Morgan has covered a variety of international multi-sport events and conferences, including the Pyeongchang 2018 Winter Olympics, the Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games and the Lillehammer 2016 Winter Youth Olympics. He also reported from the 2017 IOC Session in Lima and three editions of the FIFA Congress. He graduated from Southampton Solent University in 2014 with a BA First Class honours degree in Sports Journalism.
Contact Liam
Read more of Liam's articles
Follow @LMorgan21 on Twitter
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1827
|
__label__wiki
| 0.948989
| 0.948989
|
Los Angeles 2028 Paralympics
IPC holds workshops in Los Angeles and New York City as preparations begin for 2028 Paralympics
By Matthew Smith
The International Paralympic Committee (IPC) has kick-started preparations for the Los Angeles 2028 Paralympics by holding workshops with the Organising Committee and stakeholders.
Course to host triathlon at Los Angeles 2028 to stage United States Paratriathlon National Championships
By James Diamond
The 2019 USA Triathlon Paratriathlon National Championships will take place on July 20 in Long Beach in California, it has been announced.
IPC President discusses inclusion of standing beach ParaVolley at Los Angeles 2028
Standing beach ParaVolley wants to be included on the programme at the 2028 Paralympic Games in Los Angeles, it has been revealed by World ParaVolley (WPV) President Barry Couzner.
IPC President sees Los Angeles 2028 as opportunity for Paralympic Movement
International Paralympic Committee (IPC) President Andrew Parsons has said the organisation sees Los Angeles 2028 as an opportunity for the Paralympic Movement because of the Organising Committee’s desire to "make a difference".
IPC President hopes Los Angeles 2028 will help Paralympic Movement grow in United States
International Paralympic Committee (IPC) President Sir Philip Craven hopes the 2028 Paralympic Games in Los Angeles will provide a platform for his Movement to experience a period of growth in the United States.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1828
|
__label__wiki
| 0.526315
| 0.526315
|
Saving Our Blue Future
The human race and our planet need a new water ethic. Preserving water supplies will require more collaborative and sustainable ways of growing food, producing energy, and trading across borders. It will demand robust democratic governance.
By Maude Barlow | Via OtherWords
China’s Yangtze River. Since 1990, half the rivers in China have disappeared. (Photo by cindyt7070, Creative Commons License)
Have you heard? The world is running out of accessible clean water.
Humanity is polluting, mismanaging, and displacing our finite freshwater sources at an alarming rate. Since 1990, half the rivers in China have disappeared. The Ogallala Aquifer that supplies the U.S. breadbasket will be gone “in our lifetime,” the U.S. Department of Agriculture says.
By 2030, global demand for water will outstrip supply by 40 percent, a surefire recipe for great suffering. Five hundred scientists recently told UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon that our collective abuse of water has caused the planet to enter “a new geologic age” and that the majority of the planet’s population lives within 31 miles of an endangered water source.
Yet in election after election the world over, no one’s paying attention to this urgent issue.
That’s why I’m calling for a new water ethic that places water and its protection at the heart of all policy and practice. This may strike you as far-fetched, but we must do it now. The future of the planet and the human race both depend on it.
And taking our water crisis seriously will change everything.
What would farm policy look like if we understood that the global food system is depleting local watersheds through the export of a torrent of “virtual water”? Vast quantities of water are embedded in apples, corn, and other crops.
How would trade policy change if we understood that global trade deals give global firms the right to claim “ownership” of the water they use in other countries?
Would our energy policies change if we realized that water-guzzling biofuels may be more environmentally dangerous than the fossil fuels they’re supposed to replace?
This new water ethic should honor four principles.
First, water is a human right and must be more equitably shared. The United Nations has recognized that drinking water and sanitation are fundamental rights and that governments have obligations not only to supply these services to their people but also to prevent harm to source water. This provides an important tool to local communities as they confront dangerous mines, dams, and fossil-fuel extraction operations around the world.
Second, water is a common heritage of humanity and of future generations and must be protected as a public trust in law and practice. Water must never be bought, hoarded, sold, or traded as a commodity on the open market and governments must maintain the water commons for the public good, not private gain. While private businesses have a role in helping find solutions to our water crisis, they shouldn’t be allowed to determine access to this basic public service. The public good trumps the corporate drive to make profits when it comes to water.
Third, water has rights too, outside its usefulness to humans. Water belongs to the Earth and other species. Our belief in “unlimited growth” and our treatment of water as a tool for industrial development have put the earth’s watersheds in jeopardy. Water isn’t merely a resource for our convenience, pleasure, and profit. It’s the essential element in a living ecosystem. We need to adapt our laws and practices to ensure the protection of water and the restoration of watersheds — a crucial antidote to global warming.
Finally, I deeply believe that water can teach us how to live together if only we will let it. There is enormous potential for water conflict in a world of rising demand and diminishing supply. But just as water can be a source of disputes, conflict, and violence, water can bring people, communities, and nations together in the shared search for solutions.
Preserving water supplies will require more collaborative and sustainable ways of growing food, producing energy, and trading across borders. It will demand robust democratic governance.
It is my deepest hope that water can become nature’s gift to humanity and teach us how to tread more lightly on the earth — in peace and respect with one another.
Maude Barlow, author of the new book Blue Future, Protecting Water for People and the Planet Forever, chairs the board of the Council of Canadians and Food & Water Watch. Canadians.org
Don’t forget to like ViewsWeek on Facebook and follow on Twitter @ViewsWeek
Ban Ki Moon China Ogallala aquifer water security 2014-03-01
Previous Nepal Learns from the Negev Desert
Next Obama’s Double Game on Turkey
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1832
|
__label__cc
| 0.537232
| 0.462768
|
Vitamin D and Vitamin K together fight CVD Part 1- Pizzorno
Vitamin D and Vitamin K Team Up to Lower CVD Risk: Part I
by Lara Pizzorno
Vitamin K, Cardiovascular and interactions with Vitamin D and Vitamin A – Pizzorno July 2018
Vitamin D and Vitamin K Team Up to Lower CVD Risk: Part II
Part I : Vitamin D Deficiency – a Non-Traditional Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease
Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease
Hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy
Association with other CVD risk factors
TNFα
Natriuretic peptide
Mechanisms: How Vitamin D Supports Cardiovascular Health
Decreases cell proliferation and cardiac hypertrophy
Decreases rennin expression
Decreases C-peptide
Lowers C-reactive protein and metalloproteinases
Statin’s Widespread Benefits Due to Increased Levels of Vitamin D3?
Cholesterol, Vitamin D, Statin Connection - chart
Vitamin D3 Dosage Considerations
In overweight / obese individuals
In black individuals
In older individuals
Vitamin D Safety Issues: Upper Tolerable Limit
About Lara Pizzorno
Strong correlations have been noted between cardiovascular diseases and low bone density / osteoporosis—connections so strong that the presence of one type of pathology is considered a likely predictor of the other. This potentially causal relationship has led to the hypothesis that these conditions share core mechanisms. Recent advances in our understanding of the complimentary roles played by vitamin D3 and vitamin K2 in vascular and bone health provide support for this hypothesis, along with insight into key metabolic dysfunctions underlying cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis.
Part I of this review summarizes current research linking vitamin D deficiency to cardiovascular disease, the physiological mechanisms underlying vitamin D’s cardiovascular effects, and leading vitamin D researchers’ recommendations for significantly higher supplemental doses of the pro-hormone. Part II reviews the vitamin K connection to cardiovascular disease; the ways in which vitamin D and vitamin K pair up to prevent inflammation, vascular calcification and osteoporosis; and the necessity of providing vitamin K along with vitamin D to preclude adverse effects associated with hypervitaminosis D, which include vascular and other soft tissue calcification.
Risk for both cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis significantly increases with age. Even after adjustment for age, strong correlations have been noted between cardiovascular diseases (including atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, hypertension, myocardial infarction and peripheral artery disease) and low bone density and osteoporosis—connections so strong that the presence of one type of pathology is considered a likely predictor of the other. This apparently causal relationship has led to the hypothesis that these conditions share core mechanisms. Recent advances in our understanding of the complimentary roles played by vitamin D3 and vitamin K2 in vascular and bone health provide support for this hypothesis, along with insight into key metabolic dysfunctions underlying cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis.1 2 3 4 5 6 This article focuses on the effects of vitamin D deficiency on cardiovascular disease and the mechanisms through which vitamin D sufficiency promotes cardiovascular health.
Technically, vitamin D is not a “vitamin”. Its metabolic product, calcitriol, is a secosteroid hormone that affects more than 2,000 genes in the body (about 10% of the human genome). Current research implicates vitamin D deficiency as a major factor in the pathology of not only cardiovascular disease (CVD)—the focus of this review—but at least 17 varieties of cancer, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, chronic pain, periodontal disease, sarcopenia, depression and more.7 A rapidly growing number of recently published studies link vitamin D deficiency with virtually all forms of CVD, including arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, peripheral artery disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke.8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Serum 25(OH)D (25-hydroxyvitamin D or calcidiol, the pre-hormone produced by hydroxylation of cholecalciferol in the liver and the form measured in blood to assess vitamin D status) has recently been shown to be an independent predictor of CVD morbidity and mortality. A prospective study involving 18,225 men, aged 40-75 years at baseline (April 1993) and followed for 10 years, found that men deficient in 25(OH)D (serum levels ≤15 ng/mL or 37.5 nmol/L [to convert ng/mL to nmol/L, multiply by 2.496]) were at significantly increased risk for myocardial infarction (relative risk 2.09) compared with those considered to be sufficient in 25(OH)D (≥30 ng/mL [75 nmol/L]). Even men with intermediate 25(OH)D levels (22.6-29.9 ng/mL [or 56.4-74.6 nmol/L]) were at elevated risk (RR, 1.60) compared to those with sufficient 25(OH)D levels.14
Other NHANES III-related research indicates an inverse relationship between 25(OH)D serum levels and prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), which is associated with a 2-fold increase in incidence of heart failure.19 In this analysis of nationally representative data from 4,839 participants including white, black and Hispanic ethnicities, the prevalence ratio of PAD for the lowest, compared to the highest 25(OH)D quartile (<17.8 and ≥29.2 ng/mL [44.4 and 72.8 nmol/L], respectively) was 8.1% compared to 3.7%.20
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with cardiac hypertrophy and hypertension in animal and human studies. Vitamin D receptor expression is increased in the myocytes, fibroblasts and intact ventricular myocardium of the hypertrophic heart, and 1-α hydroxylase and 24-hydroxylase, the two enzymes involved in the synthesis and metabolism of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D), are also present in the heart, allowing for local production of bioactive D3 from 25(OH)D.13
In animal studies, vitamin D deficiency leads to both hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy, while treatment with the vitamin D analogue, paricalcitol, reverses cardiac hypertrophy. The VDR knockout mouse exhibits hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. In humans, low circulating levels of vitamin D3 in patients with chronic renal failure on dialysis are associated with ventricular hypertrophy, and treatment with supplemental vitamin D3 results in amelioration of the hypertrophy. All of the above suggests that the key components required for a functional 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D-dependent signaling system are present in the human heart and that it provides an anti-hypertrophic system, which is protectively amplified in cardiac hypertrophy.13
Low vitamin D levels have also been associated with prevalence of a number of key risk factors for CVD. Analysis of data collected by the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) found that individuals in the lowest quartile of serum 25(OH)D levels had a significantly higher odds ratio for obesity (OR 2.29), diabetes (OR, 1.98), and high serum triglyceride levels (OR 1.47), as well as hypertension (OR 1.30).21
Another cross-sectional analysis of NHANES III data involving a large sample representative of the U.S. adult population (16,603 men and women, ≥18 years) found a strong correlation between low levels of 25(OH)D and CVD that was independent of traditional CVD risk factors.. Even after adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, season of measurement, physical activity, body mass index, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, elevated LDL cholesterol, low HDL, hypertriglyceridemia, and chronic kidney disease, vitamin D3-deficient participants had a 1.20 increased risk of CVD.10
Low 25(OH)D concentrations (<15 ng/mL [37.5 nmol/L]) have been clearly associated with a steep increase in incidence of cardiovascular disease in the Framingham Offspring Study22; with heart failure, sudden cardiac death, and fatal stroke in patients routinely referred for coronary angiography23,24; and with increased risk for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.25 A recent meta-analysis of studies reviewing 18 independent randomized controlled trials (n= 57,311 participants) suggests that low vitamin D status is associated with higher risk of mortality (from cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and cancer) that accounts for 60% to 70% of the total mortality in high-income countries!26
Obesity is a well recognized contributing factor to CVD via its associations with risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, decreased glucose tolerance, metabolic syndrome and diabetes, and elevations in levels of markers of inflammation—all of which contribute to CVD pathology. Prevalence of overweight (BMI ≥ 25) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30) has dramatically increased during the last several decades. According to World Health Organization estimates, 1.6 billion adults were overweight, and 400 million adults were obese worldwide in 2006.27 In the U.S., 2 in 3 adults have a BMI >25.28 29
A recent double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial involving 200 healthy overweight subjects with mean 25(OH)D concentrations of 30 nmol/L (12 ng/mL), who received vitamin D (83 microg [3,320 IU]/day) or placebo for 12 months while in a weight-reduction program, revealed several beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation at this dosage. Pronounced decreases in parathyroid hormone levels (-26.5%), triglycerides (-13.5%), and the inflammation marker tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFα ] (-10.2%) were seen in the vitamin D group compared to the placebo group, in which results were -18.7%, +3.0%, and -3.2%, respectively.30
As noted in the discussion of the results of this clinical trial, elevated levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) are a non-traditional risk factor for CVD.30 Primary hyperparathyroidism is associated with hypertension, coronary atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases. Elevated PTH concentrations due to hyperparathyroidism have been correlated with significantly higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.31Elevated serum PTH has been found to be an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in a study of frail elderly subjects, among whom 50% of deaths were cardiovascular-related32. And in the Tromsø Study, in subjects with calcium levels within the normal reference range, the rate of coronary heart disease (CHD) was higher in subjects with serum PTH > 6.8 pmol/l than in those with normal or low serum PTH levels (relative risk 1.67). The highest PTH quartile (> 3.50 pmol/l in men and > 3.30 pmol/l in women) predicted CHD, with mean odds ratios of 1.70 for men and 1.73 for women.33
As mentioned above, concentrations of TNFα were also significantly lessened (-10.2%) in overweight subjects supplemented with vitamin D3, confirming the suppressive effects of vitamin D3 on TNFα concentrations in an earlier study conducted by the same researchers in patients with congestive heart failure.34
High TNFα concentrations (> 2.8 pg/mL) are recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease35. Studies have confirmed a significant association between high levels of TNFα, congestive heart failure and coronary heart disease mortality.36 37 Accumulating evidence suggests that TNFα plays a pivotal role in disruption of endothelial function and macrovascular and microvascular circulation, thus contributing to atherosclerosis.38
As noted by Zitterman A et al.8, high levels of TNFα have been shown to suppress circulating calcitriol concentrations by inhibiting 1α-hydroxylation of 25(OH)D (calcidiol) to 1,25-(OH2)D3 (calcitriol).39 Concentrations of vitamin 25 (OH)D of at least 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L)—which were not achieved in all patients in the above study even with daily vitamin D supplementation of 3,320 IU—may be necessary to achieve calcitriol concentrations sufficient to prevent a vicious cycle of low calcitriol and high TNFα in the majority of patients. Individuals with genetic polymorphisms associated with increased TNFα production or impaired VDR binding activity (e.g., the BsmI BB SNP) may need considerably more (4,600 IU – 5,000 IU/day).40 41
The natriuretic peptide family is a group of peptide hormones that play a major role in cardiovascular, endocrine, and renal homoeostasis. B-type natriuretic peptide and its N-terminal counterpart (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide or NT-proBNP) are secreted from cardiomyocytes in response to increased wall tension. Both natriuretic peptides have been comprehensively studied in heart failure and are considered major prognostic factors for high risk of death or serious complications across the whole spectrum of acute coronary syndromes and beyond traditional risk markers.42 In studies of patients with renal disease, circulating levels of 25(OH)D have been shown to correlate inversely with both BNP and NP-proBNP.43 44 In patients with congestive heart failure, levels of 25 (OH)D and calcitriol have also been found to correlate inversely with another natriuretic peptide, N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (NT-proANP), which is a strong predictor of congestive heart failure severity.45
Endogenous production of vitamin D begins when the sun’s ultraviolet light acts upon 7-dehydrocholesterol (a precursor of cholesterol) in the skin, converting it to pre-vitamin D3, which then spontaneously isomerizes to vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). Whether made in the skin or ingested, cholecalciferol is then hydroxylated in the liver by the enzyme 25-hydroxylase, to form 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D]or calcidiol, the metabolite that reflects bodily vitamin D stores. Calcidiol is further hydroxylated in the kidneys by 1α-hydroxylase into 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D] or calcitriol—the biologically active form of D3. Although calcitriol is primarily produced in the kidneys, a number of other tissues, including vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiac myocytes, also express 1α-hydroxylase and can locally produce the activated form of vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D].1
Local 1α-hydroxylase activity and consequent production of 1,25(OH)2D within endothelial cells and the myocytes of the heart provides an autocrine/paracrine link for control of hypertrophic activity within the myocardial wall.46 Specifically, 1,25(OH)2D increases expression of myotrophin (a factor that stimulates myocyte growth), but balances this action by decreasing expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (a powerful vasodilator) and c-myc (a transcription factor that upregulates expression of numerous genes that drive cell proliferation). In addition, 1,25(OH)2D increases expression of the VDR in cardiac myocytes. The combined effect of these actions is a decrease in cell proliferation and prevention of cardiac hypertrophy.47
Vitamin D3 has been shown to control genes affecting coagulation at the level of transcription, leading one group of researchers to propose that “vitamin D derivatives may develop as new types of antithrombotic and anti-atherosclerotic agents which change the character of cells.”48 In human peripheral monocytes, 1,25(OH)2D has been shown to exert anticoagulant effects by upregulating expression of an anticoagulant glycoprotein, thrombomodulin, while also downregulating expression of a critical coagulation factor, tissue factor.49
Vitamin D decreases rennin expression and thus lessens activation of the rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which regulates blood pressure and fluid balance. Renin, secreted by the kidneys when blood volume is low, stimulates production of angiotensin, which causes blood vessels to constrict, increasing blood pressure, and also stimulates secretion of aldosterone, which causes the tubules of the kidneys to retain sodium and water, increasing the volume of fluid in the body and further increasing blood pressure. Studies using VDR and 1α-hydroxylase knockout or genetically modified mouse models, in which the vitamin D system has been inactivated, show that its ablation leads to increased renin expression, resulting in increased angiotensin II and aldosterone concentrations, abnormal sodium handling, hypertension, and left-ventricular hypertrophy.1 50 51 52 In contrast, high levels of calcitriol have been shown to decrease plasma renin activity, producing a decrease in angiotensin II levels.53
By lessening RAAS activation, vitamin D not only decreases blood pressure, but also decreases the inflammation in the vascular endothelium that results from angiotensin activation, thus lessening progression of atherosclerosis. RAAS inhibition has also been shown to reduce common carotid and femoral artery intima-media thickness.54
Low levels of vitamin D have been correlated with higher levels of C-peptide, a surrogate marker for insulin resistance that has recently been identified as a key mediator of atherosclerotic lesion development in individuals with type 2 diabetes. C-peptide facilitates the recruitment of inflammatory cells into early lesions and promotes lesion progression by inducing smooth muscle cell proliferation.55
Data gathered from two large cross-sectional studies among men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study and women from the Nurses’ Health Study revealed that individuals with the highest calcium intake and plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D had significantly lower fasting C-peptide concentrations (35% lower in men, 12% lower in women) than individuals with the lowest levels of the two nutrients. Levels of C-peptide have also been found to be especially high in hypertensive individuals with inadequate calcium intake and low vitamin D levels.56
Diabetes is associated with a 3-fold higher CVD mortality risk, and metabolic syndrome is a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes.57 58Vitamin D’s protective effects against the development of metabolic syndrome were apparent in an analysis of data on 10,066 women participating in the Women’s Health Study. Women in the highest, compared to the lowest, quintile of vitamin D intake had an age- and calorie-adjusted relative risk of 0.77 for the metabolic syndrome.59
Vitamin D supplementation lowers levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a well-documented marker of inflammation associated with CVD pathology} 60 and improves the balance between anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In patients with congestive heart failure, supplementation with vitamin D decreases the activity of pro-inflammatory nuclear factor-kappaB (NFκB), thus decreasing levels of pro-inflammatory interleukin-6, interleukin-1, interferon-γ, and TNFα; and also increases production of anti-inflammatory interleukin-10.34 61
Vitamin D levels also correlate inversely with levels of tissue matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which control remodeling in the vascular wall, myocardium and other tissues. Plasma levels of MMPs increase in unstable angina and acute infarction. High levels of CRP and MMPs predict atheromatous vulnerability; both are considered indicative of increased risk of acute cardiovascular events. An elevated CRP level is a marker of inflammatory vascular damage to which the body responds by increasing circulating levels of MMPs. Calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D), the activated hormonal form of vitamin D3, modulates tissue MMP expression, plus vitamin D receptors are expressed in the vascular wall and in arterial plaque macrophages, which allows for MMP regulation by both circulating calcitriol and that which is produced locally in vascular tissues. These mechanisms underlying vitamin D’s protective effects against CVD also help to explain why vitamin D reduces disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis, another disease in which increased expression of MMP contributes to pathogenesis. 62
Perhaps the most intriguing insight into the mechanisms underlying vitamin D’s protective cardiovascular effects is to be found in very recent developments in our understanding of the pharmacology of statin drugs.
Not only do the benefits of statin drugs extend well beyond their powerful cholesterol-lowering effects, but these agents appear to mimic so many of the actions of vitamin D that they have recently been hypothesized to be vitamin D analogues.63
Statins have been found to not only lower LDL cholesterol concentrations, but to raise concentrations of HDL cholesterol, lower serum triglycerides, reduce rejection of heart and kidney transplants, lessen symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, improve bone mass, reduce hip fracture, and greatly reduce the risk of several cancers including lung, prostate and, especially, colorectal cancer. The latter two effects seem paradoxical in light of research indicating that high serum cholesterol concentrations are associated with higher bone mineral density in postmenopausal women64 and are protective against colon cancer.65
These unexpected and apparently contradictory benefits of statins indicate that these drugs are doing more than blocking cholesterol production by inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCoA reducatse). So, how can a drug that lowers serum cholesterol levels increase bone density and lower risk of colon cancer, conditions for which high serum cholesterol concentrations have been shown to be protective?63 The explanation may lie with vitamin D.
Insight into the mechanism underlying statin’s wonder drug persona has recently been provided by a study that revealed treatment with atorvastatin raised serum 25(OH)D levels in patients with acute ischemic heart disease. After diagnosis, 83 patients (52 men, 31 women) with acute coronary syndrome (75 with acute myocardial infarction and 8 with unstable angina.) were given atorvastatin as secondary prevention. Serum vitamin D was measured at baseline and 12 months later. Atorvastatin treatment significantly decreased cholesterol and triglyceride levels and increased vitamin D levels (41+/-19 vs 47+/-19 nmol/L.). At baseline, 75% of patients had vitamin D deficiency (≤50 nmol/L [≤20 ng/mL]), which was decreased by 75% at 12 months. Results did not differ according to gender or dose of atorvastatin used.66 Further analysis of the same patients revealed another benefit of the atorvastatin-induced 33% increase in vitamin D: bone mineral density increased in the spine (1.31%) in male patients whose severely low baseline vitamin D levels had risen to >30 nmol/L (>12 ng/mL).67
How do statins increase vitamin D levels? Cholesterol and vitamin D share the same metabolic pathway. Cholesterol is synthesized from 7-dehydrocholesterol, which is also the precursor for vitamin D3. Statins are known to lower cholesterol by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, but this enzyme is 10 steps upstream from the production of 7-dehydrocholesterol in the cholesterol synthesis pathway, so blocking HMG Co-A reductase should lessen production of not only cholesterol, but also vitamin D.68 Since atorvastatin treatment increases vitamin D levels, the following two statements must be true: (1) statins do not completely block HMG Co-A reductase, but allow some activity of this enzyme, and (2) statins also inhibit the final enzyme in the production of cholesterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase, preventing its conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol and increasing the amount of 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin, which can then be energized by ultraviolet (specifically, UV-B) radiation to form 25(OH)D. Thus, it is statins’ inhibition of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase that results in increased levels of 7-dehydrocholesterol, enabling increased synthesis of 25(OH)D, thereby increasing vitamin D levels.66 69
In addition, 25(OH)D has itself been shown in vitro to inhibit HMG-CoA enzyme reductase activity in mouse epithelial and human skin and liver cells.70 Thus, a statin-induced increase in vitamin D concentrations could further increase inhibition of HMGCoA. Vitamin D may be acting synergistically with statins to decrease total cholesterol levels.66
Using 28 ng/ml (69.8 nmol/L) as a cut-off, it has been estimated that approximately 41% of men and 53% of women in the U.S. have insufficient levels of 25(OH)D.1
Dose-response curves observed in a recent 6-month, prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study of vitamin D3 supplementation suggest that the intake of vitamin D3 needed to raise serum 25(OH)D levels to >30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L) varies depending upon the individual’s baseline levels of vitamin D. In one study, a daily dose of 3,800 IU appeared to be adequate for individuals whose baseline vitamin D levels were above 55 nmol/L (22 ng/mL); for individuals whose baseline levels of vitamin D fall below this threshold, the researchers suggest a dose of 5,000 IU/day may be required.71
However, the optimal serum level of 25(OH)D may be 40 ng/mL or even higher, not 30 ng/mL. A number of other studies reviewed by Heaney suggest 25(OH)D levels of ≥40 ng/ml are needed for full vitamin D efficacy.72 These include:
Meta-analyses of controlled trials in which vitamin D supplementation has been shown to reduce osteoporotic fracture show no benefit unless serum 25(OH)D reaches at least 75 nmol/L (30 ng/mL).73
Studies looking at the risk of falling in the elderly, which is also significantly related to serum 25(OH)D and has been shown to lessen all the way up to serum 25(OH)D values of 75 nmol/L (30 ng/mL). The researchers note that risk may be further reduced at higher levels, but there were too few individuals with higher values to assess an association at levels higher than 75 nmol/L.72
Studies analyzing the inverse relationship between serum 25(OH)D and cancers in humans from which the evidence indicates a dose-related, linear decrease in risk as serum 25(OH)D rises to levels of ≥80 nmol/L (32 ng/mL).74 One recent 4-year, randomized, controlled trial showed that raising serum 25(OH)D from a mean of 71 nmol/L (28 ng/mL) to one of 96 nmol/L (38 ng/mL) decreased all-cancer risk in 1,169 postmenopausal women by approximately 60%.75
NHANES III data on fasting blood sugar and response to a standard glucose challenge that indicates response plateaued at 25(OH)D values between 100 and 120 nmol/L (40 and 48 ng/mL).76
Leading vitamin D experts presented a paper at the 2008 American Public Health Association meeting in which they noted, “Observational and randomized controlled trial studies have found that it takes at least 1000-2000 IU of vitamin D3 [per day] and serum levels of 40-60 ng/mL for substantial benefits … 1100 IU/day can raise [vitamin D blood levels] by ~10 ng/mL.”77
Hollis et al. analyzed the relationship between cholecalciferol (the parent compound) and 25(OH)D (which reflects bodily vitamin D stores). They found that optimal nutritional vitamin D status did not occur until circulating 25(OH)D exceeded 40 ng/mL (100 nmol/L). Not until this level was the Vmax, of the 25-hydroxylase enzyme achieved (i.e., all enzyme sites were saturated). In other words, the body’s ability to utilize cholecalciferol in the numerous roles played by the vitamin D endocrine system is not reached until 25(OH)D levels are ≥40 ng/ml. Below this level, chronic substrate deficiency prevents full actualization of the myriad benefits of vitamin D.78
Body composition may affect vitamin D requirements. Suggested mechanisms include that 1) low vitamin D3, may impair insulin action, glucose metabolism and various other metabolic processes in adipose and lean tissue,79 2) fat soluble-vitamin D3 is sequestered in adipose tissue,80and 3) obese individuals may minimize skin sun exposure due to embarrassment about their body shape.81
Results of two studies recently conducted on women in sunny Spain, one in Barcelona and the other in Madrid, confirm that overweight/obese persons usually have inadequate vitamin D levels. In the Barcelona study, 51% of the morbidly obese were vitamin D deficient (25(OH)D <38 nmol/L [15 ng/mL]) compared to 22% of the non-obese women.82 The women in Madrid were divided into two groups depending on their serum vitamin D concentrations: a low-D group (<90 nmol/L [<36 ng/mL]) and a high-D group (>90 nmol/L [>36 ng/mL]). Although intakes of vitamin D, calcium and supplements were similar in both groups, a BMI of >27.7 kg/m(2) was associated with serum vitamin D concentrations of ≤ 90 nmol/L.83
A study conducted in Auckland, New Zealand, another area of the world in which access to sunshine is not an issue, tested how vitamin D3 levels related to fat mass, markers of metabolic syndrome, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in 250 overweight and obese adults of different ethnicities. Multivariable regression carried out separately for BMI and waist showed a decrease of 0.74 nmol/L in vitamin D3 per 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI, and a decrease of 0.29 nmol/L per 1 cm increase in waist, with each explaining approximately 3% of the variation in vitamin D3 over and above gender, age, ethnicity and season.81
In the U.S., a comparison of NHANES data on serum 25(OH)D in the population in 1988-1994 versus 2000-2004 revealed a significant drop (by 5-20 nmol/L [2-8 ng/L]) in 2000-2004 vitamin D levels, which researchers suggest is explained by increases in BMI, decreases in milk intake, and sun protection.84
Black individuals, particularly those living in northern latitudes, typically need 5–10 times longer sun exposure to generate vitamin D than Caucasians, and therefore are likely to need higher doses of supplemental vitamin D. Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse association between blood pressure and vitamin D levels, and a direct association between blood pressure and increasing latitude (a surrogate of lower vitamin D levels).85 86 87
Hypertension is more common among blacks living in the U.S. or U.K. than whites. NHANES III data showed mean serum levels of 25(OH)D were lowest in non-Hispanic blacks (49 nmol/L [19.6 ng/mL]), intermediate in Mexican-Americans (68 nmol/L [27.2 ng/mL]), and highest in whites (79 nmol/L [31.6 ng/mL]). When participants were divided into 25(OH)D quintiles, mean systolic BP was 3.0 mm/Hg lower, and diastolic BP was 1.6 mm/Hg lower in subjects in the highest quintile (25(OH)D ≥ 85.7 nmol/L [≥34.3 ng/mL]) compared with the lowest (25(OH)D ≤ 40.4 nmol/L [≤16 ng/mL]). The inverse association between 25(OH)D and systolic BP was strongest in participants aged ≥50 years. Ethnic differences in 25(OH)D explained ~50% of the increased prevalence of hypertension seen in blacks compared to whites.88
In the aging patient, an additional factor to consider is that older individuals are more prone to low vitamin D concentrations, both because the skin’s capacity to produce vitamin D decreases with age, and because many elders do not get adequate sun exposure.89 Worldwide, almost 50% of the elderly are estimated to be vitamin D-deficient. Indication that older individuals are at increased risk for vitamin D deficiency-related CVD is provided by a recent 6.2 year prospective trial, initiated in 2000-2001 that involved 614 older Austrian men and women participating in the Hoorn Study. Risk for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in individuals in the lowest quartile of serum vitamin D3 levels, compared to those in the upper three quartiles, were 1.97 and 5.38, respectively.90
John Cannell, MD, Executive Director and founder in 2003 of the non-profit Vitamin D Council (www.vitamindcouncil.org), a consortium of the world’s leading vitamin D scientists, offers the following as “conservative” recommendations for vitamin D supplementation: Healthy adults and adolescents between 80 pounds and 130 pounds should start with 3,000 IU per day; over 130 pounds but less than 170 pounds, 4,000 IU per day; over 170 pounds, 5,000 IU per day. After two months, test serum levels of 25(OH)D3 [calcidiol]. Adjust dose to reach and maintain 25(OH)D [calcidiol] levels between 50 and 70 ng/mL [124.8 nmol/L and 174.72 nmol/L], summer and winter.91
A recently published review of the evidence regarding the risk-related consequences of vitamin D supplementation in adults concluded: “Evidence from clinical trials shows, with a wide margin of confidence, that a prolonged intake of 10,000 IU per day of vitamin D3 poses no risk of adverse effects for adults, even if this is added to a rather high physiologic background level [sun exposure, dietary intake] of vitamin D.92
This is not surprising since in an adult with white skin, one minimum erythema dose of total body solar exposure, such as typically achieved in 15 to 20 minutes on a summer day while wearing a bathing suit, generates ~10,000 – 20,000 IU of vitamin D3 in 15 to 20 minutes.92
In humans, the physiologic limit for serum 25(OH)D concentrations is ~220 nmol/L (88 ng/mL), a level that approximates the top of the range of values reported for humans well exposed to ultraviolet light. The fact that humans evolved in a tropical climate with regular skin exposure to sunshine implies that the upper end of the physiological concentration range for 25(OH)D is not only safe, but optimal.92
People with abundant exposure to sunlight can easily exhibit a serum 25(OH)D greater than 150 nmol/L (60 ng/mL). Such 25(OH)D concentrations reflect a pre-supplement oral intake or biosynthesis of vitamin D equivalent to more than 4,000 IU per day. An additional oral intake of 4,000 IU per day of vitamin D would still be far less than the dose of 50,000 IU per day reported to be non-hypercalcemic in clinical trials.92
While the safe upper limit for serum 25(OH)D appears to be 200 nmol/L (80 ng/L),93 the published evidence regarding vitamin D toxicity shows that the lowest 25(OH)D concentration causing hypercalcemia is greater than 500 nmol/L (200 ng/mL). Those patients reported in the literature as exhibiting hypercalcemia with a 25(OH)D concentration less than 500 nmol/L were taking vitamin D in infrequent but extreme doses (e.g., 600,000 IU once weekly). Very strong evidence indicates no hypercalcemia or hypercalcinuria is associated with supplementary vitamin D intakes of at least 10,000 IU per day, in addition to the vitamin D that healthy North American adults acquire in the normal course of modern life.92
Vitamin D exerts numerous protective actions on the cardiovascular system, and a plethora of current studies demonstrate that deficiency of this pro-hormone is a highly significant, if non-traditonal, risk factor for cardiovascular disease. All patients, but particularly those at increased cardiovascular risk, should be screened for vitamin D deficiency. Treatment with physiological doses of vitamin D3 (between 4,000 to as high as 10,000 IU/day from all sources, i.e., intelligent sun exposure, food and supplements) combined with periodic monitoring of serum 25(OH)D calcidiol and calcium levels should be standard medical practice.
1. Michos ED, Melamed ML. Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease risk. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2008 Jan;11(1):7-12. Review. ↑
2. Samelson EJ, Kiel DP, Broe KE, et al. Metacarpal cortical area and risk of coronary heart disease: the Framingham Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2004 Mar 15;159(6):589-95. ↑
3. von der Recke P, Hansen MA, Hassager C. The association between low bone mass at the menopause and cardiovascular mortality. Am J Med. 1999 Mar;106(3):273-8. ↑
4. Tankó LB, Christiansen C, Cox DA, et al. Relationship between osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res. 2005 Nov;20(11):1912-20. ↑
5. Wu-Wong JR. Potential for vitamin D receptor agonists in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Apr 9. ↑
6. Hofbauer LC, Brueck CC, Shanahan CM, et al. Vascular calcification and osteoporosis–from clinical observation towards molecular understanding. Osteoporos Int. 2007 Mar;18(3):251-9. Epub 2006 Dec 7. ↑
7. www.vitamindcouncil.org ↑
8. Zittermann A, Schleithoff SS, Frisch S, et al. Circulating Calcitriol Concentrations and Total Mortality. Clin Chem. 2009 Apr 9. ↑
9. Martins D, Wolf M, Pan D, Zadshir A, et al. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the United States: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arch Intern Med. 2007 Jun 11;167(11):1159-65. ↑
10. Kendrick J, Targher G, Smits G, et al. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D deficiency is independently associated with cardiovascular disease in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Atherosclerosis. 2008 Nov 11. ↑
11. McCarty MF. Poor vitamin D status may contribute to high risk for insulin resistance, obesity, and cardiovascular disease in Asian Indians. Med Hypotheses. 2009 Jun;72(6):647-51. ↑
12. Lee JH, O’Keefe JH, Bell D, et al. Vitamin D deficiency an important, common, and easily treatable cardiovascular risk factor?. Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 Dec 9;52(24):1949-56. ↑
13. Chen S, Glenn DJ, Ni W, Grigsby CL, et al. Expression of the vitamin d receptor is increased in the hypertrophic heart. Hypertension. 2008 Dec;52(6):1106-12. ↑
14. Giovannucci E, Liu Y, Hollis BW, et al. 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of myocardial infarction in men: a prospective study. Arch Intern Med. 2008 Jun 9;168(11):1174-80. ↑
15. Linhartová K, Veselka J, Sterbáková G, et al. Parathyroid hormone and vitamin D levels are independently associated with calcific aortic stenosis. Circ J. 2008 Feb;72(2):245-50. ↑
16. Michos ED, Melamed ML. Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease risk. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2008 Jan;11(1):7-12. ↑
17. Wu-Wong JR. Potential for vitamin D receptor agonists in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Apr 9. ↑
18. Chonchol M, Cigolini M, Targher G. Association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetic patients with mild kidney dysfunction. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008 Jan;23(1):269-74. ↑
19. Anand RG, Ventura HO, Mehra MR. Is heart failure more prevalent in patients with peripheral arterial disease? A meta-analysis. Congest Heart Fail. 2007 Nov-Dec;13(6):319-22. ↑
20. Melamed ML, Muntner P, Michos ED, et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease: results from NHANES 2001 to 2004. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008 Jun;28(6):1179-85. ↑
21. Martins D, Wolf M, Pan D, et al. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the United States: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arch Intern Med. 2007 Jun 11;167(11):1159-65. ↑
22. Wang TJ, Pencina MJ, Booth SL, et al. Vitamin D deficiency and risk of cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2008 Jan 29;117(4):503-11. ↑
23. Pilz S, März W, Wellnitz B, et al. Association of vitamin D deficiency with heart failure and sudden cardiac death in a large cross-sectional study of patients referred for coronary angiography. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Oct;93(10):3927-35. ↑
24. Pilz S, Dobnig H, Fischer JE, et al. Low vitamin d levels predict stroke in patients referred to coronary angiography. Stroke. 2008 Sep;39(9):2611-3. ↑
25. Dobnig H, Pilz S, Scharnagl H, et al. Independent association of low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Arch Intern Med. 2008 Jun 23;168(12):1340-9. ↑
26. Autier P, Gandini S. Vitamin D supplementation and total mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. 2007 Sep 10;167(16):1730-7. ↑
27. World Health Organization (WHO). Obesity and overweight. September 2006. WHO data is currently being updated; current statistics should be available shortly at. ↑
http://www.who.int/bmi/index.jsp
28. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999-2004. JAMA. 2006 Apr 5;295(13):1549-55. ↑
29. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, McDowell MA, et al. Obesity among adults in the United States—no statistically significant chance since 2003-2004. NCHS Data Brief. 2007 Nov;(1):1-8. ↑
30. Zittermann A, Frisch S, Berthold HK, et al. Vitamin D supplementation enhances the beneficial effects of weight loss on cardiovascular disease risk markers. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 May;89(5):1321-7. Epub 2009 Mar 25. ↑
31. Andersson P, Rydberg E, Willenheimer R. Primary hyperparathyroidism and heart disease—a review. Eur Heart J. 2004 Oct;25(20):1776-87. ↑
32. Sambrook PN, Chen JS, March LM, et al. Serum parathyroid hormone is associated with increased mortality independent of 25-hydroxy vitamin d status, bone mass, and renal function in the frail and very old: a cohort study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Nov;89(11):5477-81. ↑
33. Kamycheva E, Sundsfjord J, Jorde R. Serum parathyroid hormone levels predict coronary heart disease: the Tromsø Study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2004 Feb;11(1):69-74. ↑
34. Schleithoff SS, Zittermann A, Tenderich G, et al. Vitamin D supplementation improves cytokine profiles in patients with congestive heart failure: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Apr;83(4):754-9. ↑
35. Woodward M, Welsh P, Rumley A, et al. Do inflammatory biomarkers add to the discrimination of cardiovascular disease after allowing for social deprivation? Results from a 10 year cohort study in Glasgow, Scotland. Eur Heart J. 2009 Apr 10. ↑
36. Dunlay SM, Weston SA, Redfield MM, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and mortality in heart failure: a community study. Circulation. 2008 Aug 5;118(6):625-31. ↑
37. Tuomisto K, Jousilahti P, Sundvall J, et al. C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha as predictors of incident coronary and cardiovascular events and total mortality. A population-based, prospective study. Thromb Haemost. 2006 Mar;95(3):511-8. ↑
38. Zhang H, Park Y, Wu J, Chen X, et al. Role of TNF-alpha in vascular dysfunction. Clin Sci (Lond). 2009 Feb;116(3):219-30. ↑
39. Haug CJ, Aukrust P, Haug E, et al. Severe deficiency of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in human immunodeficiency virus infection: association with immunological hyperactivity and only minor changes in calcium homeostasis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Nov;83(11):3832-8. ↑
40. Buraczynska M, Mierzicki P, Buraczynska K, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene polymorphism correlates with cardiovascular disease in patients with end-stage renal disease. Mol Diagn Ther. 2007;11(4):257-63. ↑
41. Olivieri F, Antonicelli R, Cardelli M, et al. Genetic polymorphisms of inflammatory cytokines and myocardial infarction in the elderly. Mech Ageing Dev. 2006 Jun;127(6):552-9. Epub 2006 Mar 6. ↑
42. Lorgis L, Zeller M, Dentan G, et al. Prognostic value of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in elderly people with acute myocardial infarction: prospective observational study. BMJ. 2009 May 6;338:b1605. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b1605. ↑
43. Obineche EN, Saadi H, Benedict S, et al. Interrelationships between B-type natriuretic peptides and vitamin D in patients on maintenance peritoneal dialysis. Perit Dial Int. 2008 Nov-Dec;28(6):617-21. ↑
44. Matias PJ, Ferreira C, Jorge C, et al. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3, arterial calcifications and cardiovascular risk markers in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2009 Feb;24(2):611-8. Epub 2008 Sep 4. ↑
45. Zittermann A, Schleithoff SS, Tenderich G, et al. Low vitamin D status: a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of congestive heart failure?. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003 Jan 1;41(1):105-12. ↑
46. Chen S, Nakamura K, Gardner DG. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D inhibits human ANP gene promoter activity. Regul Pept. 2005 Jun 30;128(3):197-202. ↑
47. Nibbelink KA, Tishkoff DX, Hershey SD, et al. 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 actions on cell proliferation, size, gene expression, and receptor localization, in the HL-1 cardiac myocyte. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2007 Mar;103(3-5):533-7. ↑
48. Koyama T, Hirosawa S. Anticoagulant effects of synthetic retinoids and activated vitamin D3. Semin Thromb Hemost. 1998;24(3):217-26. ↑
49. Ohsawa M, Koyama T, Yamamoto K, et al. 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) and its potent synthetic analogs downregulate tissue factor and upregulate thrombomodulin expression in monocytic cells, counteracting the effects of tumor necrosis factor and oxidized LDL. Circulation. 2000 Dec 5;102(23):2867-72. ↑
50. Hiemstra TF. Are statins analogues of vitamin D?. Lancet. 2006 Oct 7;368(9543):1233. ↑
51. Bouillon R, Carmeliet G, Verlinden L, van Etten E, et al. Vitamin D and human health: lessons from vitamin D receptor null mice. Endocr Rev. 2008 Oct;29(6):726-76. ↑
52. Zhou C, Lu F, Cao K, Xu D, et al. Calcium-independent and 1,25(OH)2D3-dependent regulation of the renin-angiotensin system in 1alpha-hydroxylase knockout mice. Kidney Int. 2008 Jul;74(2):170-9. Epub 2008 Apr 2. ↑
53. Li YC. Vitamin D regulation of the renin-angiotensin system. J Cell Biochem. 2003;88:327–331. ↑
54. Ferrario CM, Strawn WB. Role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and proinflammatory mediators in cardiovascular disease. Am J Cardiol. 2006 Jul 1;98(1):121-8. ↑
55. Marx N, Walcher D. C-Peptide and atherogenesis: C-Peptide as a mediator of lesion development in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus?.Exp Diabetes Res. 2008;2008:385108. ↑
56. Wu T, Willett WC, Giovannucci E. Plasma C-peptide is inversely associated with calcium intake in women and with plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D in men. J Nutr. 2009 Mar;139(3):547-54. Epub 2009 Jan 13. ↑
57. Church TS, Thompson AM, Katzmarzyk PT, et al. Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes, Alone and in Combination as Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease Mortality among Men. Diabetes Care. 2009 Apr 14. ↑
58. Huang PL. A comprehensive definition for metabolic syndrome. Dis Model Mech. 2009 May-Jun;2(5-6):231-7. ↑
59. Liu S, Song Y, Ford ES, et al. Dietary calcium, vitamin D, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older U.S. women. Diabetes Care. 2005 Dec;28(12):2926-32. ↑
60. Jialal I, Devaraj S, Venugopal SK. C-reactive protein: risk factor or mediator in atherothrombosis. Hypertension. 2004; 44:6–11. ↑
61. Zittermann A, Scheleithoff SS, Koerfer R. Vitamin D insufficiency in congestive heart failure: why and what to do about it?. Heart Fail Rev. 2006 Mar;11(1):25-33. ↑
62. Timms PM, Mannan N, Hitman GA, et al. Circulating MMP9, vitamin D and variation in the TIMP-1 response with VDR genotype: mechanisms for inflammatory damage in chronic disorders?. QJM. 2002 Dec;95(12):787-96. ↑
63. Grimes D. Are statins analogues of vitamin D?. Lancet. 2006 Jul 1;368(9529):83-6. ↑
64. Brownbill RA, Ilich JZ. Lipid profile and bone paradox: higher serum lipids are associated with higher bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2006 Apr;15(3):261-70. ↑
65. Delahaye F, Bruckert E, Thomas D, et al. [Serum cholesterol and cancer. Is there a causal relationship?]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 1992 Oct;85 Spec No 3:37-45. ↑
66. Pérez-Castrillón JL, Vega G, Abad L, et al. Effects of Atorvastatin on vitamin D levels in patients with acute ischemic heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 2007 Apr 1;99(7):903-5. ↑
67. Pérez-Castrillón JL, Abad L, Vega G, et al. Effect of atorvastatin on bone mineral density in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2008 Mar-Apr;12(2):83-8. ↑
68. Michal G. Biochemical Pathways: an Atlas of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York: 1999.p. 86; p. 120. ↑
69. Analysis of the implications of cholesterol synthesis, conversations and emails from Dr. Joseph Pizzorno, CEO, SaluGenecists, Inc., 5-12-09. ↑
70. Gupta AK, Sexton RC, Rudney H. Effects of vitamin D3 derivatives on cholesterol synthesis and HMG-CoA reductase activity in cultured cells. J Lipid Res. 1989;30:379 –386. ↑
71. Aloia JF, Patel M, Dimaano R, et al. Vitamin D intake to attain a desired serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jun;87(6):1952-8. ↑
72. Heaney RP. Vitamin D: criteria for safety and efficacy. Nutr Rev. 2008 Oct;66(10 Suppl 2):S178-81. ↑
73. Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Willett WC, Wong JB, et al. Fracture prevention with vitamin D supplementation. JAMA. 2005 May 11;293(18):2257-64. ↑
74. Giovannucci E. The epidemiology of vitamin D and cancer incidence and mortality: a review (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 2005 Mar;16(2):83-95. ↑
75. Lappe JM, Travers-Gustafson D, Davies KM, et al. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation reduces cancer risk. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Jun;85(6):1586-91. ↑
76. Scragg R, Holdaway I, Singh V, et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels decreased in impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus.Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1995 Mar;27(3):181-8. ↑
77. Grant WB, Garland CF, Gorham ED, Mohr SB. Paper 179061, presented Monday, October 27, 2008: 5:10 PM: How to reduce the burden of disease in the United States through increased vitamin D3. 136th APHA Annual Meeting & Exposition (October 25-29, 2008), San Diego, CA. Accessed online at. ↑
http://apha.confex.com/apha/136am/webprogram/Paper179061.html
78. Hollis BW, Wagner CL, Drezner MK, et al. Circulating vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in humans: An important tool to define adequate nutritional vitamin D statusCirculating vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in humans: An important tool to define adequate nutritional vitamin D status. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2007 Mar;103(3-5):631-4. ↑
79. Chowdhury TA, Boucher BJ, Hitman GA. Vitamin D and type 2 diabetes Is there a link?. Prim Care Diabetes. 2009 Apr 21. ↑
80. Blum M, Dolnikowski G, Seyoum E, et al. Vitamin D(3) in fat tissue. Endocrine. 2008 Feb;33(1):90-4. ↑
81. McGill AT, Stewart JM, Lithander FE, et al. Relationships of low serum vitamin D3 with anthropometry and markers of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes in overweight and obesity. Nutr J. 008 Jan 28;7:4. ↑
82. Vilarrasa N, Maravall J, Estepa A, et al. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in obese women: their clinical significance and relationship with anthropometric and body composition variables. J Endocrinol Invest. 2007 Sep;30(8):653-8. ↑
83. Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Navia B, López-Sobaler AM, et al. Vitamin d in overweight/obese women and its relationship with dietetic and anthropometric variables. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009 Apr;17(4):778-82. ↑
84. Looker AC, Pfeiffer CM, Lacher DA, et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status of the US population: 1988-1994 compared with 2000-2004. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Dec;88(6):1519-27. ↑
85. Dawson-Hughes B. Racial/ethnic considerations in making recommendations for vitamin D for adult and elderly men and women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Dec;80(6 Suppl):1763S-6S. ↑
86. Harris SS. Vitamin D and African Americans. J Nutr. 2006 Apr;136(4):1126-9. ↑
87. Rostand SG. Ultraviolet light may contribute to geographic and racial blood pressure differences. Hypertension. 1997 Aug;30(2 Pt 1):150-6. ↑
88. Scragg R, Sowers M, Bell C. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, ethnicity, and blood pressure in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Hypertens. 2007 Jul;20(7):713-9. ↑
89. Mosekilde L. Vitamin D and the elderly. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2005 Mar;62(3):265-81. ↑
90. Pilz S, Dobnig H, Nijpels G, et a. Vitamin D and mortality in older men and women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2009 Feb 18. ↑
91. Cannell JJ. Am I Vitamin D Deficient?. Accessed online May 5, 2009. ↑
http://www.vitamindcouncil.org/health/deficiency/am-i-vitamin-d-deficient.shtml
92. Vieth R. Vitamin D and Cancer Mini-Symposium: The Risk of Additional Vitamin D. Ann Epidemiol. 2009 Apr 11. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19364661. ↑
93. Kimball SM, Ursell MR, O’Connor P, Vieth R. Safety of vitamin D3 in adults with multiple sclerosis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007; 86(3):645-51. ↑
Lara Pizzorno, MDiv, MA, LMT A member of the American Medical Writers Association with 25+ years of experience writing for physicians and the public, Lara is Editor of Longevity Medicine Review as well as Senior Medical Editor for SaluGenecists, Inc. Recent publications include: Your Bones (Praktikos, April 2011), contributing author to the Textbook of Functional Medicine, (IFM, 2006), articles for Integrative Medicine: A Clinician's Journal (Innovisions Communications, Inc., 2005 through present), and Textbook of Natural Medicine (Elsevier, 2005, e-dition through present); lead author of Natural Medicine Instructions for Patients (Elsevier, 2002); co-author of The Encyclopedia of Healing Foods (Scribner’s, 2005); and editor, The World's Healthiest Foods Essential Guide for the healthiest way of eating (George Mateljan Foundation, 2006 through present). In addition to reviewing the latest in longevity research for clinicians, Lara summarizes health & nutrition research for the Textbook of Natural Medicine e-dition, The World's Healthiest Foods (www.whfoods.org), and Dr. Joseph Pizzorno's blog as WebMD's Integrative Medicine & Wellness Expert. Lara graduated Phi Beta Kappa, magna cum laude from Wheaton College (Norton, MA, 1970), received her Master's in Religious Studies with Honors from Yale Divinity School (New Haven, CT, 1973), Master's in Literature from the University of Washington (Seattle, 1986), and has been a licensed massage therapist since 1986. Avocations include Pilates, motorcycling, organic gardening, healthy cooking.
Created by admin. Last Modification: Tuesday August 28, 2018 01:58:15 GMT-0000 by admin. (Version 4)
543 visitors, last modified 28 Aug, 2018, URL:
Vitamin K, Cardiovascular and interactions with Vitamin D and Vitamin A – Pizzorno July 2018 Vitamin D 2000-5,000 IU and Vitamin K2 320 microgram – June 2018 Should increase Vitamin K when increasing Vitamin D – RCT Jan 2019
Vitamin D and Vitamin K
Edit Comments Files 1
10430 Cardio Piz.jpg admin 28 Aug, 2018 01:48 31.63 Kb 152
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1839
|
__label__wiki
| 0.792191
| 0.792191
|
‘It’s Always Sunny’ Team Brings ‘Project Badass’ to VR
by Presley West
Fans of It’s Always Sunny in Philadelphia can now jump right into the crazy world of The Gang thanks to the show’s brand-new, fully scripted VR experience, Project Badass.
Using never before seen footage, Project Badass gives viewers a chance to attempt a daredevil stunt with fan favorite character, Mac, as part of one of his infamous videos featured on the show. The stunt gets off to a rough start for Mac as his friends try to kill his vibe. Dennis and Dee plead for Mac’s partner in crime–you, the viewer– to consider your own safety and hop off while you still have the chance. Meanwhile, Frank brings along a bikini clad babe who struts around on the pier before take off. However, Mac doesn’t let his friends’ antics get him down. Soon enough, the two of you are deep within a billow of smoke as you speed directly toward the Atlantic Ocean. Will you and Mac survive? Fans will have to watch to find out; but they can be sure that they’ll be left gasping for breath by the time the crazy, hilarious four-minute experience comes to a close.
Project Badass was cleverly released in correlation with last night’s all new episode, “PTSDee” (Wednesday, February 15 at 10 PM ET/PT on FXX,) featuring its very own VR storyline as well. Sure to be full of laughs, the episode, written by Charlie Day, Glenn Howerton and Rob McElhenney and directed by Jamie Babbit, finds Dee on an epic mission to prove she’s the best thing to ever happen to a male stripper while Mac and Frank end up getting sucked into a virtual reality war game that leaves Mac with a very real version of PTSD.
Now in its twelfth season, It’s Always Sunny is enjoying some of its very best ratings yet. The first five episodes hold the title for the five most watched telecasts in FXX history, and total viewership between Adults 18-49 is at a 21 percent increase from season eleven.
Fans interested in going on the ride of their lives with Mac can check out www.fxnetworks.com/projectbadass to watch a 360-degree experience and to find out more information on how to watch the full immersion version through the Jaunt VR app, available for download for use on every major phone and VR headset, including Google cardboard devices.
It’s Always Sunny has always done humor well, and now it’s doing VR well, too. The joint release of a VR Scripted Immersion Experience with Jaunt and a VR storyline woven into its comedic, award winning episodic format will expose millions of viewers to the world of virtual reality, and will likely draw quite a few curious VR nerds to the show’s well established humor as well.
And in case you wanted to see Glenn Howerton battle it out in VR, for your viewing pleasure, we dropped him into Space Pirate Trainer when he stopped by VRScout Studios.
Glenn Howerton of It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia stopped by the office to defend us from waves of droids #MixedReality
A post shared by VRScout (@vrscout) on Feb 3, 2017 at 5:32pm PST
360 Video Entertainment FXX Television
Feel Wind and Heat in VR With This Headset Add-On
Exercising Becomes A Little Easier With This Augmented Climbing Wall
About the Scout
Presley West
Emory University student, VRScout Writer, Storyteller, and Amateur Dog Walker.
This Psychedelic AR Book Cover Is Turning Heads Online
Vader Immortal & Wolves In The Walls Nominated...
FaceApp’s Old-Age Filter Is Back, Should I Be Worried...
DUSTNET Is A PC, VR, AR Deathmatch Experience Set...
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1841
|
__label__wiki
| 0.939197
| 0.939197
|
Home Lifestyle Trouble as Stella Oduah’s Son’s Dad Requests for Corpse of His Son
Trouble as Stella Oduah’s Son’s Dad Requests for Corpse of His Son
When it rains, it pours as they say. Bereaved Senator Stella Oduah, who lost her son at the weekend, seems to have more trouble on her plate.
News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) reports that Lt. Colonel Satchie Etoromi, her former husband and father of her son, Maxwell Etoromi, has requested for the corpse for burial in Warri, Delta.
Etoromi, who hails from Delta, told newsmen on Wednesday in Warri that he wanted his son to be buried in Warri.
Maxwell died on Aug. 26, 2016 after a brief illness at the age of 28.
“I have sent a delegation to his royal majesty, the Igwe of Akili Ozizor, Ogbaru, in Anambra to express my sadness over the death of my son and how I was treated by Stella.
“I read about the death of my son in the newspaper, I was not informed by Stella that my son that was delivered on 14th March, 1988, in St. Mary`s Hospital, Ugboroke, Warri, is dead.
“So, I have sent a letter calling Stella, my ex-wife, to bring my son, who was under her custody, to me for burial in Warri.
“His Royal Highness Igwe Oduah I, betrothed Stella Oduah to me on 18th November, 1984, in Akili Ozizor.
“We married on the 16th of December, 1984, in His Highness Palace in Akili Ozizor, after the payment of dowry and exchange of gifts.
“We were taken to Nde-Mili where we performed the final rites.
“Till now, Stella has not told me my son in her custody is dead.
“There is rumour that my son will be buried in Akili Ozizor and that is unacceptable.
“My son must be brought to me in Warri for internment,” he said.
Stella Oduah, former aviation minister, represents Anambra North in the senate.
Previous articleOndo Guber: Electoral Panel Arrives Akure for APC Primaries
Next articleAPC Relieves Gombe State Chairman of Position, Appoints Caretaker Officers
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1846
|
__label__wiki
| 0.756107
| 0.756107
|
Kirkstall: Eight express interest in developing Abbey Mills
Campaigners are hoping to take historic Abbey Mills into community ownership. Here, CHRIS HILL from the Kirkstall Valley Development Trust provides a pre-Christmas update on plans for the site.
The council’s ‘soft marketing’ finished on Friday, 15th December. Eight businesses have expressed an interest in developing Abbey Mills – four of those have been in touch with the Trust.
Of those who have discussed their ideas with the trust, three want to create flats and one a wedding venue.
We know at least one of the developers would support us in developing the community block along Abbey Road and the land to the south of it along the lines discussed at our recent public meeting (see here for proposed layout). This is the whole of Lot 1 in the Council’s marketing exercise
We would like to spend the next few weeks creating a partnership with the most suitable developer, introducing them to Trust members and making our case to the Council.
Important aspects for us:
a) Ability to create a viable community hub in the Abbey Road block on a long lease with additional land to expand our provision in later years
b) Minimum car use on site and no new road
c) Compatibility with uses of the rest of the mill
d) Building a footbridge into the retail park
Plans: Abbey Mills in Kirkstall. Image: Kirkstall Valley Development Trust
Work on St Anns Mill to create our centre for sustainability (working title Sustain) goes on.
We have now talked to over 60 lecturers at the University of Leeds involved in research in energy, cities, food, water, climate change, building etc and all show an enthusiasm to use Sustain for practical and demonstration activity, working with the Centre for Alternative Technology (CAT) and the community.
This week we had a positive discussion with the facilities director of the University of Leeds and we will be taking our case to the Council to support us to develop a business plan for the site over 2018.
Meanwhile, the students and staff at Leeds Beckett University continue to work on the site, throwing up solutions to the buildings and flooding.
By the spring we hope a member of staff jointly sponsored by CAT and the University of Leeds will begin development work on the project.
Kirkstall: Community hub at Abbey Mills moves closer
Campaigners are hoping a bid to take historic Abbey Mills into community ownership has moved…
Kirkstall: Lottery boost for Listed Abbey Mills campaigners
Ambitious plans to transform a Kirkstall mill into a community hub have moved a step…
Kirkstall: Launch of 'Centre for Future Cities' bid for Abbey Mills
A community group fundraising to turn Kirkstall's Abbey Mills into flats and a community hub…
Abbey Road · Kirkstall · Kirkstall Valley Development Trust · St Anns Mills
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1847
|
__label__wiki
| 0.922516
| 0.922516
|
New hoops offer hope for Wilmington neighborhood
Mark Eichmann
(Mark Eichmann/WHYY)
Wilmington’s Eastside has a reputation as one of the toughest places in the city, plagued with poverty and violence. But city leaders are hoping a new outlet for young people in the Eastside could help change that.
From abandoned, boarded up homes to reports of shootings and violence, Wilmington’s Eastside is a tough neighborhood. It’s even tougher for young people who needed a place to play.
But now there is a great place to play at the nearby Kirkwood Street Park- a pair of pristine basketball courts paid for with $50,000. “This is a major investment in this community,” Mayor Dennis Williams said last month at the ribbon cutting ceremony. “We care about our children, so much…We want to commit ourselves back to doing things for people in the 3rd District and the entire city.”
Williams was raised in the 3rd District as was City Councilman Darius Brown who currently represents the district. “We believe in building better neighborhoods and improving the quality of life of our residents,” Brown said.
The new courts have a slick surface and pro-style hoops. Wilmington teen Duron Timmon was shooting hoops at the courts while city leaders cut the ribbon. He was impressed by the quality. “This one is more like an NBA official court,” Timmon said. “It has glass backboards, like you expect glass backboards to be inside a gym.”
Councilman Brown is optimistic that the new courts will not only help kids like Duron improve their play, but also improve their future outlook on life. “We firmly believe in helping strong, good, young people. So basketball court is a place for where many of us, including myself learn life lessons.”
Those life lessons are being taught to a new generation of Wilmington residents, mainly through the SILK Basketball League, which will call the new courts home. The league was founded in part by Jaron “Droop” Johnson in honor of his lifelong friend Terry “Silk” Alls, who died in a car crash.
The SILK league now includes 300 young players, but it’s about much more than just teaching basketball.
“Our volunteer coaches, we go beyond basketball once our season ends,” Johnson said. “We’ve been on parent-teacher conferences, field trips, talked to kids in general life discussions. Just take them under your wing to show that it ain’t just about basketball with us, we’re family, we try to bridge some gaps”
With new courts, and mentorship from the SILK league volunteers, Johnson sees big changes on the horizon. “The road was looking like it was rough at times, but the patience and diligence and conversation, it finally got done. And I know that’s why the sun is shining bright, Silk is shining down on it like, ‘mission accomplished.’”
Delaware Bay’s spring sex party
Horseshoe crabs breed along North America’s eastern coast, from Maine to Mexico. And every year, tens of thousands of them hook up on the beaches of Delaware and New Jersey.
Lawyer stabbed by ex-client in downtown Wilmington but city mum on attack
Public defender Timothy Weiler was en route to the Grand Opera House when a man stabbed him in the back. The suspect, a former client, said, “That’s from me to you.”
Cancer deaths drop in Delaware, but new cases remain high
In the 1990s, the state had the second highest cancer mortality rate in the nation. The latest numbers show Delaware’s rate dropped to 18th highest.
About Mark Eichmann
@markeichmann meichmann@whyy.org
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1852
|
__label__cc
| 0.622997
| 0.377003
|
Report calls for better health coverage of Pa.’s undocumented kids
Bill Hangley
Photo via ShutterStock) " title="shutterstock_107995007" width="640" height="360"/>
The Public Citizens for Children and Youth report found that the majority of Pennsylvania's 24,000 undocumented children don't see doctors because of a lack of insurance. Their parents often wait until problems have grown complex and expensive before seeking care.(Photo via ShutterStock)
A new report finds that the children of undocumented immigrants frequently go without medical care because they lack insurance, and it calls for lifting the ban on insuring them through Pennsylvania’s health insurance program for children, CHIP.
Based on a survey of 53 families, the report from the advocacy group Public Citizens for Children and Youth found that the majority of Pennsylvania’s 24,000 undocumented children don’t see doctors because of a lack of insurance. Their parents often wait until problems have grown complex and expensive before seeking care.
The cost of reimbursing hospitals for this uncompensated care is ultimately more expensive than insuring the children, said Colleen McCauley, PCCY’s health director and the author of the report.
“We can pay up front before small problems turn into big problems, or we can pay on the back end,” said McCauley in a conference call with reporters.
She was joined by physicians who described the challenge of treating uninsured children.
“I’ve seen things like dental infections that have turned into bone infections with permanent bone and tooth damage, ear infections that have caused permanent damage to the tympanic membrane,” said Dr.Katherine Yun of the Children’s Hospital of Pennsylvania. “Something that could have been taken care of with a $4 antibiotic becomes something that might need repeated surgeries.”
Insuring the children would help set them up for more productive lives, she said.
“We see this as a real opportunity to help children … for making children be happy, productive, and thriving without having any treatable health conditions holding them back,” said Yun.
The alternative, McCauley said, is for taxpayers and hospitals to keep covering the cost of uncompensated care, through Medicaid reimbursements and other means. She estimates it costs about twice as much to cover a child’s uncompensated care as to insure that child for a year.
But she knows that getting children into the CHIP program will be an uphill battle. The Pennsylvania House has already passed legislation reauthorizing the program, and the ban on covering undocumented children remains in place. It now awaits a vote in the Senate, where advocates hope to convince legislators to rewrite the language to match that of California, New York and Massachusetts, where undocumented children are eligible.
“At least 202,000 children have gained access this way,” McCauley said. “Pennsylvania ought to follow the example of other states and offer coverage.”
About Bill Hangley
BHangley@whyy.org
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1853
|
__label__wiki
| 0.742381
| 0.742381
|
Sanctuary cities come under fire from Toomey, Pa. legislature
Eleanor Klibanoff, WPSU
Corrections Officer Gregory Kulp monitors inmates at Lehigh County Jail in Allentown
Honoring or ignoring ICE detainer requests is a hot topic in Pennsylvania this election season.
When an immigrant living in the United States illegally gets arrested, the federal Immigration and Customs Enforcement Agency may issue a detainer request for that person. Detainers ask that the local jail hold that person for up to 48 hours until ICE has a chance to come pick them up.
Sanctuary cities — or counties, since counties run the jails in Pennsylvania — are places where officials refuse to detain immigrants after they have made bail or their charges are dropped. For Senator Pat Toomey, this is a problem.
He recently held a press conference on the issue in Philadelphia, saying, “this is not about immigration, it’s not about the politics of immigration. It’s about public safety. It’s about common sense. It’s about all of our security.”
Criminals on the loose?
Toomey has some pretty horrifying examples of ignored ICE detainers gone wrong. The latest is the case of Ramon Aguirre-Ochoa, who had been deported in 2009 but was arrested in Philadelphia in 2014 on charges of domestic violence. The charges were dropped and Philadelphia released Aguirre-Ochoa, despite an ICE detainer request in his name.
Then, this summer, Aguirre-Ochoa was charged with raping a 13-year-old girl. He’s currently sitting in jail awaiting trial.
“This is one of the most heinous crimes that it is possible to commit,” said Toomey, not accounting for the fact that Aguirre-Ochoa was charged, not found guilty. “It should not have been possible, and it would not have been possible, but for the fact that Philadelphia is a sanctuary city.”
Toomey’s “Stop Dangerous Sanctuary Cities” bill failed in the U.S. Senate in July. But now the Pennsylvania legislature has picked up the issue. The House passed a bill this week that would provide disincentives to being sanctuary counties by making them liable for the cost of crimes committed by immigrants here illegally.
“The sanctuary municipality is to be held liable for damages due to an injury to persons or property as a result of criminal activity by unauthorized aliens,” said Martina White, a Republican from Philadelphia and the author of the bill.
The senate will be considering the bill this week.
Sen. Pat Toomey, R-Pa., arrives for a news conference, Monday, May 9, 2016, in Philadelphia. Toomey called on Philadelphia to end its sanctuary city policy and to begin cooperating with federal law enforcement officers in helping them find immigrants in the country illegally who are suspected of violent crimes. (AP Photo/Matt Rourke)
Philadelphia and beyond
Both Toomey and White focus on Philadelphia when going after sanctuary cities. One of Mayor Jim Kenney’s first actions in office was making Philadelphia a sanctuary city, a title he’s very proud of.
Philadelphia is a sanctuary city in the most traditional sense. Though there is nothing a city can do to stop ICE from arresting people within city limits, sanctuary cities don’t do anything to help achieve those ends. City officials do not honor ICE detainer requests unless they come attached to an arrest warrant, and won’t notify ICE if they find out someone they have in custody is in the country illegally.
But all of this legislative activity aimed at Philadelphia may catch other Pennsylvania counties in its wake, like any of the 32 counties sitting in a sort of sanctuary county middle ground.
Look at Lehigh County, which director of corrections Ed Sweeney says is “nowhere near what a sanctuary city is.”
They send fingerprints of all inmates to ICE and will notify the agency when they are preparing to release a prisoner. They’ll even help ICE pick that person up at the door to the jail. They’ll do everything they can to help ICE … almost.
“We will not detain somebody for any period of time if there is not a supporting judicial order,” says Sweeney.
Ed Sweeney, director of corrections for Lehigh County, at the Lehigh County Jail in Allentown, Pennsylvania on October, 20, 2016. (Jessica Kourkounis for Keystone Crossroads)
Good for the taxpayer
Sweeney says this policy has nothing to do with protecting illegal immigrants and everything to do with protecting the taxpayer. Which is a lesson Lehigh County learned the hard way, when Ernesto Galarza was arrested in 2008 on drug-related charges.
Galarza made bail, but based on an ICE detainer, was kept in jail for an entire weekend. As it turns out, though, Galarza was not an illegal immigrant. He was an Allentown resident born in New Jersey. He sued ICE for issuing the detainer request and also sued Lehigh County, even though, as Sweeney says, they thought they were just following orders.
“If that immigration agent has made a mistake, then the county or city is therefore on the hook for any associated costs or litigations,” said Sweeney.
In 2014, a third circuit court judge ruled on Galarza v. Lehigh County. This ruling set national precedent that ICE detainers should always be treated as requests, not orders. Counties can honor them, ignore them or require further documentation, such as an arrest warrant or a judicial order.
Ernesto Galarza, an American citizen, sued ICE and Lehigh County after he was held in jail based on an ICE detainer in 2008. He was arrested on related charges and had made bail. (Image by Marco Calderon/ACLU-PA)
A melting of the ICE
As a result of that lawsuit, ICE began changing its policies as well. In 2008, when Galarza was arrested, detainer forms used words like “required” to indicate a county’s responsibility when it came to detaining people on behalf of ICE. Now, those forms stress that this is “voluntary action” on the part of the county.
In 2014, ICE changed it’s detainment program to an initiative called the “Priority Enforcement Program,” or PEP. PEP splits ICE requests into two categories — request for notification and request for detainment.
ICE officials say in most cases, they just want to be notified when jails are preparing to release someone they want to pick up, keeping counties out of the business of detaining people after charges are dropped or bail is met. PEP is also supposed to narrow ICE’s focus to go after only those people who are proven to be a criminal threat. Just being in the country illegally is not enough to have a detainer issued against you.
“So if someone is just here illegally and they commit a crime and they’re inside a jail, because they don’t have a conviction, I’m not able to place a notification or detainer on that person,” said Pennsylvania Field Office director Thomas Decker.
For example, ICE would not have been able to issue a detainer for Ramon Aguirre-Ochoa in Philadelphia, because the charges were dropped. No conviction. But that’s not to say they wouldn’t have tried.
“One of the issues with ICE is what happens on the ground and what is said on the national level are often not the same thing,” said Sundrop Carter, of the Pennsylvania Immigration and Citizenship Coalition.
A 2016 Syracuse University study found that PEP was not living up to the hype. ICE is still issuing detainers on immigrants without criminal convictions as often as they were before that rule went into place. And despite the notification option, four out of every five requests from ICE are detainers, the more extreme option.
A fork in the road
All of that to say, counties in Pennsylvania don’t have much motivation to change their ICE hold policies just yet. But that could change if Pennsylvania’s sanctuary cities bill becomes law.
If they continue to not honor ICE detainers right off the bat, counties could run the risk of being sued by victims of crimes committed by illegal immigrants. But if they do honor those detainers without requiring an additional judicial order, they could be sued for improperly detaining a legal resident.
For 32 counties in Pennsylvania, walking a middle road may not be an option much longer.
Brought to you by Keystone Crossroads
About Eleanor Klibanoff, WPSU
@eklib eleanor@psu.edu
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1854
|
__label__wiki
| 0.611153
| 0.611153
|
Read the latest auto news, updates from motorsport, motorcycles world and tuning. Moreover, you can check lifestyle, gaming and gadgets news. Get the latest press releases as well as the full set of details, photo galleries and videos.
Trilulilu Mp3 zosi - accesorii dama, bijuterii Bratari barbati, bratari bile
Vw plans to sell 164 million euros ‘Dim Sum’ bonds in Hong Kong
Volkswagen AG intends to sell five-year bonds in as much as 1.5 billion yuan (164 million euros) as soon as today in Hong Kong, becoming the first foreign vehicle company...
by Christian A. - May 25, 2011
2011 Vw Jetta gets a $500 price bump, now available at $16,495
Enthusiasts have come to take notice of Volkswagen’s marketing line that its 2011 Jetta is “great for the price of good.” Volkswagen had gleefully announced that its compact sedan has...
Vw to introduce a series of plug-in hybrids starting in 2013
Sometime in 2013 or 2014, the Volkswagen Group will present several significant models that make use of plug-in hybrid technology, according to its Chairman Martin Winterkorn. Volkswagen is aiming to...
Vw gets access to exFAT file technology thanks to new partnership with Microsoft
Microsoft Corp. has inked a patent licensing agreement with e.solutions, the software supplier for Volkswagen Group, that will allow the carmaker to gain access to Microsoft’s latest-generation file system -...
2011 Kia Soul Hamstar Edition priced at $20,295
Watch out for the Hamstar Soul at the Kia dealership near you. This is the special edition Kia Soul that was featured in a hit commercial last year that had...
2011 Lexus CT 200h achieves five-star rating at the Euro NCAP crash testing
The latest Euro NCAP test results give the Lexus CT 200h the top marks when it comes to safety. In several fields, the Lexus hybrid topped its class, with a...
2012 Bmw 1-Series M Coupe to be produced only for one year
BMW’s 1M, which has only recently started to arrive at U.S. showrooms, will be a one-year car and will end production in December 2011 at the latest. BMW plans for...
Southeast Toyota announces some impressive incentives to boost sales
After Toyota Motor Corp. announced that its production in North America will recover quicker than expected, Southeast Toyota Distributors unleashed an array of improved consumer APR and dealer cash incentives. ...
Ford applies Hollywood-style animation technology to improve car quality
Ford Motor Co. wants to make the workplace less physically stressful and to enhance its vehicles’ quality in one interesting move -- the application of animation technology (also known as...
Ford working on a seat that checks a driver’s heart rate
Ford Motor Co. recently revealed that it is developing a seat that checks a driver's heart rate. This is one of the products that are part of Ford’s aim to...
Hyundai wants to sell at least 11,000 units of the Sonata Hybrid this year
Hyundai Motor has set a target for Sonata Hybrid sales in South Korea this year to reach at least 11,000 units. Hyundai anticipates that its first gasoline-electric hybrid model will...
Porsche China celebrates its tenth anniversary in 2011
Porsche wants to celebrate its tenth year in the Chinese market with a series of events. Porsche will open three centers located in Taizhou, Zhengzhou, Haikou and Chengdu Airport. Porsche...
Hyundai expects to increase its U.S. market share this year
Hyundai expects its market share in the U.S. to break the 8% magic figure this year. Automakers believe that those that have gone over this level are considered to have...
Audi Q7 will lose the V12 and V8 TDI engines! More potent V6 on its way!
Audi has decided to throw out its V12 TDI version of the Q7. It wasn’t such a good idea in the first place since gas prices have been rising and...
2012 Toyota Prius V: full details and specs revealed
Despite the problems that Toyota faces in Japan, it has decided to stick to its launch schedule. Last Monday, the Prius v was fully revealed. Aimed at the decision-makers in...
Carlos Tavares is the top candidate to replace Renault’s current chief operating officer
Carlos Tavares, currently the head of the Americas unit at Nissan Motor Co., is currently the top candidate to replace Renault’s current chief operating officer, Patrick Pelata, as part of...
Chrysler’s loan payoffs could save it $300 million in annual interest payments
Chrysler Group LLC’s chief executive officer Sergio Marchionne disclosed on Tuesday that the company is ready to repay its loans from the governments of Canada and the United States, allowing...
Think has lost an important investor: Ener1
Norway-based Think, a manufacturer of electric cars, has lost a major investor -- the battery manufacturer Ener1 Inc. Ener1 is not the first investor that Think has lost though. In...
Sources: Mercedes-Benz SLC coming in 2014, will take on the Porsche 911
Mercedes-Benz officials said that its plans for a front-engined sports car that’s slotted under the SLS have gone on to a decisive phase. In an Autocar interview, the officials said...
Volvo planning to test car trains in Sweden
Volvo will be testing road trains in the field in Sweden by the end of the year and expects that these will be a main fixture in Europe before the...
united states bmw sales ford concept mercedes-benz toyota sports car vw gm sedan coupe
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1857
|
__label__cc
| 0.506599
| 0.493401
|
88.3 The Journey
On Air Manager's Memo Concerts Tab Programs You Hear Business Partners
Events Concerts Events Calendar Submit an Event
Community Facebook Ministry Partners Prayer Requests Volunteer
About Us Finances Meet the Staff Contact Us Public File Online
Support The Ministry Donate to The Journey Become a Business Partner Volunteer
On Air/
Manager's Memo
Concerts Tab
Programs You Hear
Community/
Public File Online
Support The Ministry/
Donate to The Journey
Listen Live!/
We're Never Alone
July 19, 2015 / Michael Agee
“My husband and I have been laid off work since October. Just last week, he started back and hopefully it will now be full time again. On Friday, he came home and said the Lord told him to send a donation to The Journey. So, please find enclosed a check in that amount. This is a gift from God, to you, through us.
May God bless you richly as you keep His word, through music, flowing into the hearts and minds of your listening audience. Thank you for being there and uplifting us in our temporary season of lack.”
Some days, opening the mail can be a test of our faith, as the bills and demands pile up. And then, on days like today, we’re reminded we are never alone on this faith journey. Thank you for standing with us, whether you’ve been able to contribute or not. Your prayers, kind letters and emails, and sharing your time and resources with us, all testify to the Kingdom work we’re doing, together. To God be all of the glory and praise.
For the Journey, I’m a very thankful General Manager Mike Agee.
July 19, 2015 / Michael Agee/ Comment
I'm Sorry, Mr Agee.
June 10, 2015 / Michael Agee
“I’m sorry, Mr. Agee, that’s not a leaky water pipe in your ceiling. It’s condensation from the AC line. I’m a plumber. You’ll have to call an HVAC company to fix that. That will be $75.”
“I’m sorry, Mr. Agee, you really should replace those tires before you leave on your trip. That will be $652.”
“I’m sorry, honey, but the roof in the shed is leaking in not one place but two. We have to call the insurance agent.”
“I’m sorry, Mike, but I need those assessment reports and faculty rosters before you leave.”
“I’m sorry, Mike, but I need you at this meeting Wednesday and Thursday. It’s really important you be there.”
“I’m sorry to bother you Mr. Agee, but can you talk with a prospective student and his parents? Right now? Can I send them over?”
Sound familiar to you? Paul comforts the Philippians towards the end of his letter to them, and to me, when he said “I have learned the secret of being content in any and every situation, whether well fed or hungry, whether living in plenty or in want. I can do all this through him who gives me strength.” If you life sounds like my, let’s hang on to that today.
I’m really looking forward to being on the road the next several days, to see friends and see our youngest son marry the love of his life. God’s got this and I’m just along for the ride.
For 88.3 The Journey, I’m General Manager Mike Agee.
June 10, 2015 / Michael Agee/ Comment
November 02, 2012 / Michael Agee
It seems to me the trip from trick or treat to Christmas wish list, straight from give me or else to I want, I want, I want is much to fast. Somewhere in here, there used to be time set aside for some thanksgiving. So in a spirit of resisting cultural pressure, I want to express some heartfelt thanksgiving.
I’m thankful for a warm home to live in this morning, as the nights grow chilly. I’m thankful for a wife who loves me unconditionally and two precious sons, who still seek their father’s advice and friendship even though they’re all grown up and on their own. I’m thankful for the opportunity to rise this morning and work at a job that challenges and fulfills me every day. I’m thankful for colleagues who are excited about their work and are dedicated to making a difference every day in the lives of our listeners.
And I’m also thankful for thousands of people committed to the same mission of making a difference on The Journey. Thank you for allowing us the opportunity to serve. Thank you for your prayers and involvement with the Journey. What an amazing two years it has been!
For 88.3 The Journey, I’m an extremely thankful General Manager Mike Agee.
November 02, 2012 / Michael Agee/ Comment
Amen Prayer App
Cast your cares on the LORD and he will sustain you
— Psalm 55:22
Listen online to 88.3 The Journey® live! Just click here!
Music Opinion Panel
Have the survey conveniently emailed to you
Is your church, civic or community group planning an event? Let us help promote it. Submit an event!
Looking for ideas of things to do with your kids this summer? Check out these random acts of kindness ideas. https://t.co/QrSZUb34vF
https://t.co/nSNhnxhysF
support the journey®
88.3 The Journey® is a listener supported radio ministry, focused on sharing God's love and caring for others. Thank you for your gifts.
NEW WAY TO LISTEN
88.3 The Journey® now has an Alexa app. Click here to enable the app in your Amazon account. Then say "Alexa, open the Journey®" and you're listening.
Would your business like to support 88.3 The Journey®? Learn how to become a Business Partner.
MOP Survey Winner
Like a Teenager
And We're In!!
Just a Little Silly
Listener Line: 817-556-4788 Toll-Free 877-533-0883
88.3 The Journey® 213 W. Hillcrest, Keene, TX 76059
Copyright © 2010-2019, KJRN. All rights reserved.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1858
|
__label__wiki
| 0.731648
| 0.731648
|
HomeUlefoneUlefone Future Pros and Cons of a Galaxy Edge clone
Ulefone Future Pros and Cons of a Galaxy Edge clone
There's no doubt that Ulefone has made quite a splash with its latest launch; the Ulefone Future. But is this phone really the future? Priced above the $200 mark, the Ulefone Future carries out the specs of a high end smartphone delivered at a low end price. That said, it's hard to criticize a phone that offers so much for so little but that's exactly what we're gonna do today.
With a bezel-less display, a curiously placed fingerprint sensor, and enough RAM to power and entry level laptop, today we're gonna take a crack at reviewing the pros and cons of the Ulefone Future and see if it holds up or if it's mostly just another hyped-out product.
Buy the Ulefone Future
Ulefone Future Pros and Cons you can't miss
The Cons of the Ulefone Future
Limited Storage or Limited SIM cards
As it so happens with most new smartphones that come from China, the Ulefone Future is a dual-SIM smartphone. However, there's a catch; if you use both SIM slots you can't expand storage. In-house storage on the Ulefone Future is 32 GB so perhaps this won't pose much of a problem for many users but the more media-intensive group could find 32 GB to be a bit limiting and if they also want to carry around two numbers they'll be forced to make a choice.
To be fair, this issue is hardly new and in fact it's present in most new smartphones. Is it really that hard to build a separate SD card slot? We'll chalk it up to our list of Ulefone Future cons but it could be extended to a very wide array of smartphones.
Again, this is a tendency in the market that isn't specific to Ulefone's new flagship. As a device with a more "premium-build", the Ulefone Future has a unibody design that forbids the user from manually removing the battery whenever it suits him best.
The problem arrives when you consider that this phone has a 3000 mAh battery that has to power up a gorgeous 5.5 inch Full HD display. This means that you'll get about a day's worth of battery but don't expect much beyond that.
No native NFC support
NFC is quickly becoming the standard for mobile payments all over the world. However, some manufacturers still don't feel it's a must and launch their phones sans an NFC chip. This sucks because NFC isn't limited to mobile payments, you can also use it to transfer data between NFC phones in a much quicker fashion than you could through Bluetooth.
Overall, we're not gonna crucify Ulefone for not placing an NFC chip but it does go to show that the company doesn't really have plans for its phone to be used for payments.
USB Type-C is hardly convenient
It seems odd that in one point we state the lack of advance as a con and on the second we state the progress as a con as well but sometimes that's simply the way things work out in consumer tech. To my point, while having a USB Type-C port might seem like a good idea you should probably remember that USB type-C still isn't a standard so buying compatible accessories for the Ulefone Future might prove challenging.
Accessories aside, you should also consider the fact that you're going to need a USB Type-C charger to charge the phone and chances are you don't have many of those lying around your house, do you? Sure, this is mostly a hassle more than a con of the Ulefone Future but it's still something worth noting.
Ulefone Future Pros
Breathtaking design
You can't get into the advantages of the Ulefone Future and not mention it's exquisite design. Hell, if it wasn't for it's beautiful design most of us wouldn't even care about the phone (no that it's bad). However, its display is surely one of the most attractive displays on a low cost smartphone.
With a 5.5 inch diagonal and a bezel-less form factor, Ulefone's latest launch takes a page out of Samsung's book and presents us with what could very well be a clone to the Galaxy Edge with a more realistic price. It's simply beautiful in all it's Full HD glory.
Aside from the display, we've also gotta congratulate Ulefone on the placement of the fingerprint sensor which is very conveniently placed on the right side of the phone. Sure, this alienates roughly 10% of the world's population (left-handed people) but for the remaining 90% of the population it's awfully convenient.
Enough Power to run a laptop
As if presenting itself with a stunning design wasn't enough, the Ulefone Future also packs quite a punch. With 4 GB of RAM multitasking will be a breeze and if you also consider the fact that it's packing a Helio P10 octa core processor working at 1.95 GHz, it's clear that this phone is up and ready for everything we can throw at it.
Couple that with the latest version of Android, 32 GB of in-house storage and the possibility to upgrade storage with another 128 GB and you're looking at a phone that's ready not just for the challenges of today but also for the challenges of tomorrow.
Get a Full charge in an hour
While we mentioned the non-removable battery as a con, there's also good things to be said in regards to its supercharger which delivers a full charge in just one hour connected to a power outlet. Battery life stops being a big issue once you're able to charge the phone up to 50% in 30 minutes. This is definitely a pro of the Ulefone Future that should be more widely extended amongst manufacturers.
An extremely competitive price
Finally, the biggest advantage of this phone has got to be its price. Let's not forget that these are the pros and cons of a phone that costs just about as much as a low-level smartphone made by any big name brand. Having it priced at a little over $200 means this is a viciously competitive phone that should not be taken lightly since it stands to take over the market without much trouble.
Hell, give Ulefone a little bit of a marketing budget and I can see this smartphone being an international smash hit that would leave the Moto G and other similar smartphones to bite the dust.
In closing: Is this smartphone worth it?
Sure, it has its drawbacks but overall, after reviewing the Ulefone Future pros and cons we can honestly say that the benefits greatly exceed its minor faults. The USB type-C thing could be an issue but it's mostly just a hassle if you lose your charger and the lack of NFC support will be irrelevant to most users who don't feel all that comfortable with mobile payments to begin with.
All in all, as we stated previously, we believe this to be an awesome smartphone and one that would surely make it to be an international bestseller if Ulefone had the budget to really market it like it deserves.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1859
|
__label__cc
| 0.749214
| 0.250786
|
Homehp laptop[Review] HP 15-ay018nr the Next Step in the laptop evolution
[Review] HP 15-ay018nr the Next Step in the laptop evolution
HP has been doing an excellent job at giving people what they want in the laptop market. The company launched the immensely popular HP 15-ay013nr a couple of months ago and today we're here to talk to you guys about a more high-end version of that same laptop under the name HP 15-ay018nr.
This new laptop features a Full HD display, Core i7 processor, SSD storage and quite a bit more at a very convenient price. Overall, we're talking about a laptop with high end specs that's within the mid-range price bracket. Without further ado, let's get to know this model in depth in our review of the HP 15-ay018nr.
Pros: Full HD 15 inch display, 8GB of RAM, 256GB of SSD storage, Core i7 CPU.
Cons: Roughly 5 hours of battery life, only 1 USB 3.0 port.
HP 15-ay018nr The future of laptops has arrived
Display and design
As with the more "modest" variant of the 15-ay variant, the HP 15-ay018nr comes with a polished metal design that simply exudes "premium laptop design". The brushed metal design in the front of the laptop and the straight lines in the back cover set the tone for a laptop that's clearly meant to do more than stream cat videos.
The screen is formed by a 15.6 inch Full HD IPS LED backlit display. It's not a touchscreen but honestly we couldn't care less about this feature since it still seems a bit "gimmicky" without much actual usage in real-world scenarios. Unless we're talking about a convertible laptop in which case it's a whole other ball game entirely.
In terms of weight and size, HP's high end model weighs in at a relatively tight 4.7 pounds and the thickness is also pretty tamed at just 0.95 inches, average numbers within the 15 inch laptop segment.
Performance that goes above and beyond
Leaving the design aside, what truly makes this laptop remarkable are its internals. Specifically, performance on the HP 15-ay018nr is trusted on the latest generation Intel Core i7-6500U processor.
This is a dual core, Skylake generation CPU, with 4 MB of Intel's smart cache and a very high base speed of 2.5 GHz that can stretch all the way towards 3.1 GHz when we're in need of some more power.
Couple that with 8GB of DDR3L SDRAM and you've got yourself a powerhouse laptop that won't disappoint. Whether you're in the mood to edit your family album, create the next big app to hit the Play Store or develop resource-hungry programs, the HP 15-ay018nr's got you covered. Overall, there's little this set of specs can't get away with.
Add to all of this a high speed 256GB SSD storage unit and you've got the perfect storm in terms of performance. You'll be able to open apps in the blink of an eye and booting up as well as shutting the laptop down won't take much more than a few seconds of your time.
What's even better is that while most laptops that have made the transition to SSD storage still place their bets on more restricted 128GB modules, 256GB deliver you the freedom of not having to make much of a compromise between speed and storage capacity.
What's the word on gaming? Is this a gaming laptop?
As with most laptops that feature an integrated graphics chip, the HP 15-ay018nr is not meant for gaming. Specifically, it houses an Intel HD 520 graphics chip which, while it's great for editing videos and streaming high definition video, it's not your ideal graphics card if you wanna do some serious gaming.
Battery life and connectivity options
As we approach the end of the HP 15-ay018nr review, it's time to take a quick look at the connectivity and battery life. In this regard, HP promises up to 6 hours of battery life on this model.
Honestly, I'm not big on trusting company claims when it comes down to battery life so I believe it would be wise to expect roughly 5 hours instead of 6. That said, 5 hours is still pretty good for a high performance laptop such as this one.
As far as connectivity is concerned, HP has covered all its bases with a couple of USB 2.0 ports, a single USB 3.0 port for fast data transfers, an HDMI output to plug your laptop onto an external monitor, an ethernet port for wired connectivity, SD card reader and HP's even thrown in a DVD reader which is not all that common in this day and age.
Final thoughts and opinions...
Overall, there's not that much left to say in this review of the HP 15-ay018nr. HP's new laptop is quite simply great, delivering a high end performance for a mid range price. The latest generation i7 coupled with 8GB of RAM and 256GB of SSD storage are all very impressive features for a mid range laptop but when you also throw in a Full HD display and an abundance of connectivity options, there's really not much left to say.
So to sum it up; if your budget allows for it we would very much recommend you buying this laptop. Sure, gamers and graphic designers should abstain and find a laptop with a dedicated graphics chip but pretty much anyone else looking for a fast high performing laptop won't be disappointed when they get this model.
Buy this laptop now
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1860
|
__label__cc
| 0.512737
| 0.487263
|
Home News New year, new leaks: OnePlus 7 shows up without a notch or...
New year, new leaks: OnePlus 7 shows up without a notch or hole punch
No notch, no punch, and no big bezels in sight begs the question: where the heck is the OnePlus 7’s front camera?
The OnePlus 6T has been out for three months and we’re three or four months from the release of the next OnePlus flagship, the OnePlus 7, and so it’s time to call a plumber: it’s leak season. There’s not a whole lot we know about what features the 7 will have — though we’ve made quite the wish list of what we want it to have — but we do know that the OnePlus 7 will not be OnePlus’s first 5G headset, as OnePlus officials have announced that honor will go to a third device released in 2019 with the usual OnePlus 7 and OnePlus 7T.
The OnePlus 7 will need something else to draw the eyes of consumers, and if this new image /LEAKS found is legitimate, it certainly has my attention.
This image allegedly shows the top section of the OnePlus 7 alongside its predecessor the OnePlus 6T, with only the screen visible as tan cases obscure the edges of the phone outside the holes for various ports and sensors. There’s a lot to unpack in this image, and the first one you may notice is that there is no notch, no hole punch, no obstruction or intrusion into the screen of any kind. There’s a larger grill above that beautiful, unblemished screen than the one over the 6T, but if you look at those ugly tan cases hiding the possible prototype’s frame, you’ll notice something odd about the top of the OnePlus 7.
The case on the 6T stops almost immediately after the top speaker bracket, marking the top of the phone and the edge of the device, but the case on the OnePlus 7 extends a fair distance higher. You can see a gap between the top of the frame and the top of the case through the large circular port that looks an awful lot like a camera port, and sitting over to the right is another pill-shaped hole about the size of a notification LED and ambient light sensor.
Given that we can see the frame through the camera hole, it’s possible that OnePlus will use a slider for the front cameras and light/iris sensors like the Oppo Find X did last year. Such a configuration could avoid unsightly notches and even uglier, light bleed-prone hold punches, but it could also make features such as Face Unlock and Adaptive brightness. The sliding camera could also be a benefit to privacy-minded users, as the camera would be covered up most of the time you’re using the phone.
If the OnePlus 7 does go the slider route, I can only hope that OnePlus skips the motorized approach and goes with a manual slider. There’s such an intense tactile satisfaction when clicking out a manual slider, and even six years later I still remember how gratifying it felt to slide the keyboard on my Samsung Captivate Glide in and out. It complicates the hunt for accessories, sure, but motors break down and motors can be slow.
Or this could be completely fake. It’s too early to really tell, but it’s certainly enough to get the gears going in my mechanical imagination.
Previous articleLaptop stands, mouse pads, light strips, and more are all discounted today
Next articleNew research could allow fast diagnosis of viruses like Ebola and Zika
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1864
|
__label__wiki
| 0.632855
| 0.632855
|
Loestrin 24 Fe Antitrust Litigation, AARP Everywhere Seeks to Expand C...
Social Connectedness
AARP Seeks to Expand Competition for Prescription Drugs
by Andrew Strickland, Attorney, AARP Foundation Litigation
Read AARP's Amicus Brief (PDF)
AARP continues its fight to expand access to and availability of generic competition in the prescription drug marketplace.
Purchasers of prescription drugs challenged an agreement between the name brand and generic manufacturers of Loestrin 24, arguing that they had entered into an agreement that kept competitors of the name brand drug off the market, in violation of antitrust laws.
Loestrin 24 is an oral contraceptive pill produced by Warner Chilcott (“Warner”). In 2006, Watson Pharmaceuticals (“Watson”) filed an application to produce a generic version of Loestrin 24. Litigation between Warner and Watson ensued, and as part of the settlement of the patent litigation, the two entered into an agreement wherein Watson agreed to delay entering the market until January 2014. No cash was exchanged, but the agreement included a number of clauses valuable to each party. In October 2010, another generic competitor – Lupin – entered the fray and again Warner entered into an agreement with non-cash consideration.
Without the two agreements, a generic competitor to Loestrin 24 would have entered the market as early as September 2009, when Watson received its initial approval from the federal Food and Drug Administration. Loestrin 24 has been an extremely valuable asset to Warner, accounting for approximately $1.75 billion in total sales between 2006 and 2012.
In 2013, the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision FTC v. Actavis (a case in which AARP Foundation Litigation attorneys filed AARP’s friend-of-the-court brief) held that “pay for delay” agreements may violate federal antitrust laws. The key factual difference between Actavis and the Loestrin litigation is that no cash was actually exchanged between the parties in the latter case.
AARP filed a friend-of-the-court brief in the Loestrin litigation, emphasizing that regardless of the form of compensation, pay-for-delay agreements impose significant harm to consumers through heightened costs and reduced access to medications. The brief also explains how the various forms of “payment” in the agreement were of value to the parties, and therefore qualified as an inducement to engage in anticompetitive conduct.
Agreements that keep competitors off the market are lucrative for brand name manufacturers, and devastating for consumers. By restricting competition, these agreements limit choices consumers have, and artificially inflate prices paid by individuals, insurance providers, and government health programs. Forcing people to choose among high-priced medications and other necessities of life endangers life and health; artificially inflating prices paid by wholesale purchasers contributes to the spiraling cost of federal and state health programs, as well as the costs to purchase private insurance.
In re. Loestrin 24 Fe Antitrust Litigation is before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit.
Get Involved See More
Volunteer with Experience Corps
Volunteer with Tax Aide
Find Help See More
Senior Community Employment Program
Local Assistance Directory
Public Benefits Guides
Charity Rating
Make a Tax-Deductible Gift
Help AARP Foundation increase economic opportunity and social connectedness that can prevent and reduce senior poverty.
Back to Work 50+
Connect2Affect
Fresh Savings
Tax-Aide
Work for Yourself@50+
Twitter: Follow AARP Foundation
YouTube: AARP Foundation Channel
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1868
|
__label__wiki
| 0.790531
| 0.790531
|
Share market loses $30b, slumps below 5,000 points on weak Chinese factory data
By business reporter Michael Janda
Updated September 23, 2015 16:51:40
Photo: The Australian share market has dropped around 2 per cent on weak Chinese manufacturing data. (AAP: Dan Himbrechts)
Related Story: China manufacturing index falls to financial crisis levels
Related Story: Housing boom has peaked, recession risk mounts: Morgan Stanley
Related Story: Wall St falls amid fears over China, US interest rates
The Australian share market has slumped more than 2 per cent, dropping back below the 5,000-point level, on very weak Chinese manufacturing data.
By the close the benchmark ASX 200 was down 105 points, or 2.1 per cent, to 4,998, while the broader All Ordinaries index was off 98 points to 5,033.
The fall in the All Ordinaries means that around $30 billion was wiped off the value of Australian listed companies today.
The market extended morning falls of just over 1 per cent after a leading private sector gauge of Chinese manufacturing showed the sector shrinking for the seventh straight month.
More worryingly for analysts and investors, the pace of Chinese manufacturing decline was the fastest since the country was struggling to emerge from the global financial crisis in March 2009.
That Chinese industrial weakness saw most sectors of the Australian share market hit hard, but none harder than resources stocks.
The big Australian, BHP Billiton, became quite a bit smaller with a 4.4 per cent slump to $22.80, its lowest share price since November 2008 and rapidly approaching its financial crisis closing low of $21.10.
Major rival Rio Tinto was hit with a 2.4 per cent slide, while Fortescue was down 5.5 per cent.
BHP Billiton spin-off South32 was slammed, plummeting 5.7 per cent to $1.415, only just off its record low of $1.395 and around 40 per cent off its high of $2.45 soon after being spun-off from its parent earlier this year.
Banks are some of the best bellwethers for investor perception on the Australian economy, and the drubbing they took today does not bode well for the outlook.
Angus Nicholson, IG market analyst
Oil and gas prices are came under further downward pressure from weaker Chinese demand, causing steep falls in the energy sector.
Woodside was off 2.9 per cent to $28.80, while previously harder hit smaller rivals Santos (2.8 per cent), Origin (2.8 per cent) and Oil Search ( 1 per cent) all had slightly more modest declines today.
Commodities were not the only sector in the firing line, however, with the big four banks suffering a steep sell-off.
Westpac, heavily exposed to Australian home loans, slumped 3.7 per cent to $29.97.
Asia-exposed ANZ dropped 3 per cent, as did home loan heavy CBA which closed at $71.58, while NAB dropped 2.3 per cent.
IG market analyst Angus Nicholson said the big four were hit by concerns about the impact of China's slowdown on Australia's economic growth.
"Banks are some of the best bellwethers for investor perception on the Australian economy, and the drubbing they took today does not bode well for the outlook," he wrote in a note.
Retailers were also hit by similar concerns around Australia's economic growth, employment and consumer spending outlook.
Wesfarmers dropped 2.2 per cent to $38.18, Woolworths 1.7 per cent to a fresh three-year low of $24.38, Harvey Norman 4.3 per cent and Myer another 2.3 per cent to just 85 cents.
Telstra was down 0.9 per cent to $5.62, despite being considered a 'defensive' stock.
However, a couple of companies were bucking the trend: Qantas was up 0.3 per cent to $3.69 on the positive impact of lower oil, and therefore jet fuel, prices.
Medibank Private was also 0.9 per cent higher at $2.36.
Australia's market was far from alone in being sold down: Hong Kong's Hang Seng was off an even steeper 2.8 per cent late in its trading session, with Shanghai's main index down 1.5 per cent. Tokyo was closed for a holiday.
The Australian dollar was hit by the Chinese data as well, falling to 70.4 US cents by 4:50pm (AEST).
Topics: stockmarket, currency, futures, economic-trends, markets, international-financial-crisis, australia, china
First posted September 23, 2015 14:57:02
China market turmoil
Follow our complete coverage of the upheaval in China's share markets.
Why our living standards are now in China's hands
I took the FaceApp challenge. Have I handed Russia the keys to my life?
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1869
|
__label__wiki
| 0.89153
| 0.89153
|
Crews working on L.A.'s subway lines keep finding prehistoric fossils
Posted: Jul 19, 2017 4:13 AM EST
The crews working on expanding Los Angeles\' subway line keep running into a roadblock: 10,000-year-old fossils. Crews are seen here unearthing a skull and tusks. Photo courtesy Dave Sotero
By Danielle Hart
(CNN) -- The crews working on expanding Los Angeles' subway line keep running into a roadblock: 10,000-year-old fossils.
They just keep popping up. Mammoths, mastodons, bison.
Dave Sotero, the spokesman for the city's Metropolitan Transit Authority's (MTA), summed it up best:
"The prehistoric past is leading the subway future."
The MTA's Purple Line extension project is meant, according to its website, to be a "high-capacity, high-speed, dependable alternative" for commuters to and from places like Beverly Hills.
The fact that crews are finding fossils isn't surprising.
The "project goes through the most interesting parts of L.A. where previous fossils have been discovered," Sotero told CNN.
In November, crews found a 3-foot section of tusk from an adult mammoth; teeth of a mastodon; and a nearly intact skull of a young mammoth. All within days of each other around Thanksgiving.
Later, in mid-April, a fossilized forearm from an extinct camel was unearthed. Then came a 36-inch long femur or thigh bone from either a mastodon or mammoth.
In May, they found a leg bone from a bison and a hip joint from a sloth. The sloth is suspected to be a Harlan's Ground Sloth, the largest sloth found at the La Brea Tar Pits.
Although ancient camels were once native to Southern California, their fossilized remains are rarely found around this area. The last ice age over 10,000 years ago resulted in the extinction of many large mammals across North America, including each of the species mentioned.
Throughout the life of the project, a paleontological team has been assigned to every subway station extension site. "The team is on staff at every excavation to monitor and stop any needed excavation work," Sotero said.
The fossils will more than likely be sent to the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County.
The-CNN-Wire
™ & © 2017 Cable News Network, Inc., a Time Warner Company. All rights reserved.
Major economies raise red flags over Facebook's Libra
Cooling centers opening up throughout Michiana
Hollywood celebrities open wallets to Buttigieg's campaign
St. Joseph County Police seeking info in package thefts
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1870
|
__label__wiki
| 0.9756
| 0.9756
|
2018/19 Season Programme
Granite City Colts (S1 – U18)
Aberdeen Rugby TV
Kit Shop
Home / Rugby / Cartha Queens Park 19 Aberdeen Rugby 26
Cartha Queens Park 19 Aberdeen Rugby 26
Aberdeen Grammar kept their top six aspirations in National League 1 alive in Glasgow where in a less than convincing performance in an untidy sometimes chaotic game, the Rubislaw side toughed it out to land maximum points for their four try haul, and now look bound to be safely ensconced in the top half of the league with only one game left.
Head coach, Ali O’Connor was delighted with the five points, but said: ”This was not one of our better performances, but we came through and can now look forward to a break during in which we will be aiming to get to the final of the National League Cup when we play Kelso in the semi-final in the Borders before we play Dundee High in our last league game of the season. We had one or two key players missing, but I thought Ben Inglis had a good game in his first start in the back row, while Centre Tom Aplin had a good day with the boot, kicking three conversions to keep the scoreboard ticking over.
We are pretty near our target of getting into the top six, while still chasing some silverware. It’s been a generally good season, but with three possible games to play it’s by no means over.”
Grammar had the best of the first half, leading 14-7, although in their anxiety to avoid relegation, Cartha squandered a number of opportunities in the mayhem of the 40 minutes. Grammar’s points came from regular scorer No 8 Greig Ryan and hooker Andrew Cook, both converted by Aplin. The Drumbreck side’s lone effort being scant reward for their efforts.
Grammar showed displayed better organisation in the second period, cutting down on the error count, but not totally able to shake off the challenge of the stubborn Glasgow side, who managed a further 12 points to equal the second half tally of the visitors.
The Grammar tries came from Flanker Chris Jollands and new boy Inglis, one of which was converted by Aplin, giving the Aberdeen side a narrow 26-19 win to the relief of club captain and winger Doug Russell who said: ”We knew it was going to be tough, but we managed to grind out a win. We beat them up front where we have been strong all season. It’s was great preparation for next week’s cup tie.”
© Jack Nixon
2019-20 Sponsorship Opportunities
2019-20 Season 1XV Fixtures
2019 Awards Dinner
Graham Barron Funeral
Graham Barron 1939-2019
Joint Sponsors
Web Design & Development by Citrus:Mix 2013
© 2019 Aberdeen Grammar Rugby.
All photographs copyright Howard Moles unless otherwise stated.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1871
|
__label__cc
| 0.746184
| 0.253816
|
Every month across the United States, thousands of vehicles are seized by different Government agencies (IRS, DEA, FBI) and Police departments and auctioned off to the public at incredible deals. Due to certain laws these vehicles are listed and sold at up to 95% OFF their original value. Many auctions start as low as $100. Government pre-owned/surplus vehicles are well maintained and are usually only 2-3 yrs old. We provide you with immediate access to 4,000+ updated auctions nationwide, NOT searchable elsewhere on the Internet and with guaranteed listings in every state. If you are looking for quality cheap cars then check out US government auctions today.
This is Jeff Calder from Calder's Auto and have been buying cars here for 20 some years and have nothing but outstanding car buying business here. Everyone has always been friendly to me and have never ever seen anyone smoking Marijuana. Scotty, Matt and all the rest of the crew are very respectful and always been great to work with and have never had any problems. They have had the same staff members since i've been associated with the Auction. We will continue to be doing business with Loveland Auto Auction....
Sitting on the couch, craft beer in hand, we salivate over the parade of shining classic cars rolling across the auction block at Barrett-Jackson, changing hands for ungodly globs of cold, hard cash. It’s places like this where you can pick up cars like custom built Singer Porsches, old-school hot rods, vintage Ferraris, and soon to be released, serial #001 supercars, and as the drinks get stronger, so too does the bidding.
Auction included over 1,100 items from State and Federal agencies, abandoned safe deposit boxes, unredeemed pledged assets from various Financial Institutions, several business inventory liquidations, several estates and other consignors. Auction featured collectible coins & currency, rare art, fine jewelry, luxury watches, sports memorabilia, rugs, electronics, all types of collectibles & much more!
We are a premier full-service private auction company liquidating property seized by police and federal agencies, property from abandoned safe deposit boxes, seized bank assets, bankruptcies, financial institutions, business inventory liquidations, and other consignors. Our firm conducts traditional live auctions throughout the year at various locations across the country, as well as auctions on the Internet. Please see our schedule of upcoming auctions for further details.
You could tell that most people knew each other. It felt like these few dozen bidders were part of an exclusive network of junkyard owners and flip-artists who have been bidding on cars against each other for years. Every now and then, when one guy outbid another, you’d see the losing bidder lean over to a friend and talk shit on the winner. “He just buys cars for the sake of buying them. He probably makes no money,” I heard one guy whisper. Police auctions are full of mysteries and secrets.
A well-maintained car will always have a clean dipstick when you check the oil or transmission fluid, so if it’s anything other than light and transparent, be careful. Also be sure to inspect the coolant overflow tank and shine a flashlight inside the radiator. If it looks like someone accidentally dumped chocolate milk in there it’s time to walk away, because that’s the sign of a blown head gasket.
But that doesn’t mean there still aren’t good deals to be had at local auctions, because as intimidating as it may sound, there’s a reason dedicated bidders still show up to these things every week. You just have to remain skeptical and attentive if you want to take home the right ride, because you never know what might show up, and by using these 10 tips, you might land a gem.
The majority of the vehicles found at local auctions will need some work done to them in order to be deemed “road-worthy.” Knowing this before you ever set foot on the grounds is a major part of deciding if this is the right way for you to source an automobile. A low bid on a crappy car has the potential to leave you stranded on the side of the road, so if you aren’t a savvy DIY wrencher, you’d better have one hell of a trustworthy mechanic.
After nearly 30 years operating in the rolled and welded pipe manufacturing industry Pipe Industries has shut down operations and is offering the remaining assets at public auction. Auction Includes: JLG Telescopic Forklift, Taylor 36klb. Heavy Duty Forklift, Plasma Table, Bucyrus Crawler Crane, Overhead Bridge Crane, Power Pipe Rolls, Welding Equipment, Shop Equipment and Tools, Air Compressor, Office Furniture and More.
Seized property disputes can sometimes arise for various reasons. For instance, financing and mortgage issues can still arise, as the buyer still needs to find their own financing for the home purchase. Less common are other issues such as title defects and other concerns with the title. Since the sale is usually due to a judicial intervention, quiet title proceedings are usually not involved. However, a quiet title proceeding can be necessary in instances where the buyer discovers a defect with the title.
Depending on the agency, the government may use revenue from auctioned items to support crime-prevention programs, pay restitution to crime victims or purchase new equipment the department needs. "By providing agencies with the ability to dispose of excess assets, GSA benefits taxpayers by eliminating the need to maintain and store the unneeded property while also raising more than $300 million in revenue in just the last two years," a GSA spokesperson said.
GET WHAT YOU NEED From Our J&S Cafeteria commercial Kitchen Equipment Auction Which Features Atosa Stainless Steel Commercial Natural Gas Charbroiler, Southbend Stainless Steel Commercial Double Stack Natural Gas Convection Oven, Stainless Steel Commercial Tilt Skillet / Braising Pan, Stainless Steel Commercial 6-Foot Exhaust Hood Vent, Stainless Steel Commercial Natural Gas Flat Top [ View Full Listing ]
Lot: 1000 - Numismatic Related Books & Auction Catalogs 7 Books & Auction Catalogs, Numismatics related. Private & Fractional Gold 1) California Coiners and Assayers 2)California Gold, Dollars,Half Dollars,Quarter Dollars 3)Adams' Official Premium List of U.S. Private and Territorial Gold Coins Lot: 1001 - Carson City Mint History Group (63959) 2 VHS tapes, 2 Gold Coins [ View Full Listing ]
Go to a centralized U.S. government online auction site that allows you to find listings for thousands of auctions that are updated daily. You can find one by using a search engine. Most auctions run for seven days. Once on a site, you can browse between categories, or you can search for specific items. When you see an item that interests you, select it. You will be taken to the seller’s page for more information about the item.
Fair In Jacksonville Fl 2018 Jacksonville Fairgrounds, Jacksonville, Florida. Discount advance Admission Tickets and Mega Passes for the 2018 #JaxFair are now on sale! By purchasing the advance Admission Tickets, your family will save 50% on the every day cost of admission to the Greater Jacksonville Agricultural Fair… Lunch & Learn: Revenue Recognition for the Construction Industry – Pensacola, FL
Government auctions are a great way to snag a retiring cop cruiser on the cheap, and being owned and run by the feds, you better believe it’s going to have records of every oil change, spark plug, and water pump that went into the damn thing. Nevertheless, it’s always best to remain objective, because even though it’s being sold by the United States government, that doesn’t mean it hasn’t been thrashed. The competition at these things can also be pretty fierce at times (cab companies love old Crown Vics), so if cop cruisers and confiscated drug trafficking cars aren’t your thing, there are probably other options out there for you, like public auctions.
This site advertises auctions of seized Real Property for sale throughout the United States and Puerto Rico and includes single and multi-family residences; commercial and residential land; commercial buildings and warehouses; and operating businesses. These properties have been seized and forfeited due to violations of federal laws enforced by the U.S. Department of the Treasury. Participating enforcement agencies include: IRS-Criminal Investigations Division, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and the U.S. Secret Service. All proceeds from the sale of property are deposited in the U.S. Treasury Asset Forfeiture Fund. This fund helps support continued law enforcement efforts and provide restitution to crime victims.
Online Now! Bidding is Open Worldwide Shipping Available This is the final auction of the massive King estate. This wonderful finale includes: *Dolls-Large collection of vintage antique to modern including Armand Marseille, Effanbee, Barbie, Madame Alexander, vintage German bisque dolls, Folk dolls, Black Americana, Topsy Turvy dolls, Shirley Temple, late 19th to early 20th [ View Full Listing ]
After 4 Years as a Tilted Kilt franchise the owner has sold the property, closed the location and selling all assets in a public online auction. This auction to include: Chill-Rite Draught System, 60" and 52" Plasma TVs, Projectors, Projection Screens, Audio and Video Equipment, Bottle Coolers, Bar Equipment, Mixer, Cooking Equipment, Double Deck Convection Oven, Point of Sale Touch Screens, Signage, Tables, Chairs and much more.
Going, going, gone! Live auctions are always exciting and entertaining whether you're the bidder or not, and government auctions are no exception. Make sure you don't miss your cue to bid. If you're not clear on how bidding progresses, ask one of the auction company officials. Some items will have an undisclosed set minimum bid (reserve), while most items will be offered without reserve. Most auctions will also accept in-absence, written bids if the bidder follows special procedures and the bid is received more than a day before the auction.
Dealers Auto Auction of Memphis is stocked and ready for the tax time rush! Join us in the lanes this Thursday morning with in-ops kicking off at 8:00 am and Fleet/Lease gearing up at 9:00 am! The Element Loyalty program is offering pay-outs through the entire month of March, and don’t forget… you can use the transportation assistance on all new purchases! Get ready for some FREE...
LARGE ESTATE & CONSIGNMENT AUCTION SATURDAY MARCH 9TH 2019 AT 3 PM 435 PEACE ST AUXVASSE MO AT FARLEY'S AUCTION CENTER STARTING AT 3 PM INSIDE HEATED FARLEY'S AUCTION CENTER WE ACCEPT CONSIGNMENTS ON MONDAYS & TUESDAYS 8 TILL NOON EACH DAY. PLEASE CALL BEFORE YOU COME BECAUSE WE FILL UP FAST. WE HAVE AUCTIONS EVERY WEEK AT FARLEY'S AUCTION CENTER. THANKS [ View Full Listing ]
We created a solution for law enforcement agencies nationwide. We pick-up all those seized, stolen, abandoned and surplus goods out of their Property Room, open up their public auctions nationwide and send back proceeds to the local communities. That’s also where we got our name – the Property & Evidence Room is where all these goods are stored at your local law enforcement agencies. We just shortened it to just PropertyRoom.com.
Selling police evidence and surplus computers and office equipment for Colorado Cities, Counties and Police Departments. Over 500 Items of Assorted Police Evidence from Local Police Departments Consisting of: Tools, Jewelry, Car Stereos, Cell Phones, Televisions, Cameras, Watches, Toys, Etc. Surplus office equipment including: Computers, Printers, Office Copiers, Wood & Metal Desks, Bookcases, 2 & 4-Drawer File Cabinets, Lateral File Cabinets, Metal Shelving, Executive & Secretarial Chairs, Office Side Chairs, More!
Our state-of-the-art data management system is fueled by industry-leading technology that seamlessly integrates with AutoIMS.com. This capability truly allows Tallahassee Auto Auction to provide the best of both worlds – superior, local customer service backed by the most powerful and reliable auction systems in existence. You will be amazed with the ease of use and ability to remotely purchase vehicles without leaving your office. Contact us for more information about our auto auctions in Tallahassee.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1873
|
__label__wiki
| 0.621504
| 0.621504
|
The Employee HR Policy for Conducting Investigations in the Workplace
by Ruth Mayhew
HR listens to employees' complaints and devises a strategy to resolve the issues.
Digital Vision./Photodisc/Getty Images
1 Conduct Workplace Investigations Training
2 What Is a Termination Investigatory Interview?
3 Can an Employer Speak to Other Employees About Other Coworkers?
4 Can an Employee Be Fired for Not Participating in an Investigative Interview?
One of the primary responsibilities that human resources has is to provide a safe working environment for the company's employees. HR does this by developing a process for addressing and resolving employee concerns. Employers describe the precise steps in their handbooks for employees, beginning with the employee talking to his supervisor or manager. If he doesn't feel comfortable doing that, he can report his concerns to the HR department. HR then develops an investigative plan and determines the actions necessary to resolve the matter.
Reporting Steps
When an employee contacts HR with her complaint, an HR staff member takes the employee's statement, reviews the details of the employee's complaint and asks her to sign the written statement. During the meeting, HR provides the employee with a summary of the next steps. Importantly, the HR staff member tells the employee to refrain from discussing her issues with coworkers and to report additional information to the HR department. The HR staff member explains to the employee that HR will maintain confidentiality to the extent possible.
HR's first step is to determine whether the matter requires an investigation. Some employee matters don't need to be investigated, such as an employee complaint that a co-worker hasn't been cordial or that the company doesn't have suggestion boxes posted throughout the workplace. However, when a full investigation is warranted, HR begins the investigation by identifying employees, supervisors or managers with knowledge of the circumstances that form the basis of the employee's complaint. HR records the witnesses' statements and obtains signatures to attest to the veracity of the information they provide.
When HR receives an employee complaint that could potentially expose the company to liability -- for example, an employee's documented proof that a supervisor has engaged in improper behavior or actions -- HR contacts legal counsel. The company's legal counsel will advise what steps are prudent to resolve the employee's issues and mitigate the company's risk of liability for unfair employment practices. In some cases, HR engages the services of legal counsel or an outside consultant to investigate the matter. HR departments also may assign extremely sensitive and high-profile matters to a lawyer or an outside investigator. Impartiality is crucial to a fair, unbiased investigation, according to Matt Kelly, an expert in corporate governance and risk management, in an April 27, 2010, "Inc." magazine article titled, "How to Handle Employee Complaints."
Recommended Action
Once the investigation is complete, it's HR's responsibility to arrive at a conclusion and recommend action for resolving the matter. Legal research may be required to establish a justification for effecting certain actions, or consulting technical guidance materials from the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) may be another alternative for employers. The latter is an effective and reliable course, based on EEOC regulations that suggest that employers conduct an investigation to resolve informal complaints. In fact, the EEOC strongly recommends that employers should address employee concerns and take "immediate and appropriate action when an employee complains."
The civil rights laws that govern employer actions and employment-related decisions, such as hiring, training, retaining and firing employees, are the same for U.S. companies because they are federal laws. Policies for HR workplace investigations vary from one company to the next. Individual employers establish their own workplace procedures, which include handling employee concerns and investigating complaints. The EEOC only provides guidance -- not processes or policies -- for employers' investigative policies and processes for handling matters that could potentially violate federal employment laws. Specific steps that employers use in investigating workplace issues are left to the employer's discretion and aren't mandated by civil rights laws or other employment laws.
Inc.: How to Handle Employee Complaints
Inside Counsel: Labor - No Liability for Pre-EEOC Investigations
U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission: Harassment
Ruth Mayhew has been writing since the mid-1980s, and she has been an HR subject matter expert since 1995. Her work appears in "The Multi-Generational Workforce in the Health Care Industry," and she has been cited in numerous publications, including journals and textbooks that focus on human resources management practices. She holds a Master of Arts in sociology from the University of Missouri-Kansas City. Ruth resides in the nation's capital, Washington, D.C.
Mayhew, Ruth. "The Employee HR Policy for Conducting Investigations in the Workplace." Work - Chron.com, http://work.chron.com/employee-hr-policy-conducting-investigations-workplace-11125.html. Accessed 18 July 2019.
Mayhew, Ruth. (n.d.). The Employee HR Policy for Conducting Investigations in the Workplace. Work - Chron.com. Retrieved from http://work.chron.com/employee-hr-policy-conducting-investigations-workplace-11125.html
Mayhew, Ruth. "The Employee HR Policy for Conducting Investigations in the Workplace" accessed July 18, 2019. http://work.chron.com/employee-hr-policy-conducting-investigations-workplace-11125.html
Can an Employer Add to a Personnel File After Termination?
Investigate a Claim of Racial Discrimination in the Workplace
Can a Union Employee File a Charge of Wrongful Termination?
Job Description of an Investigative Analyst
Handle HR Complaint Questions
Where I Can Make a Claim for Harassment on My Job?
How Can Progressive Discipline Be Used in the Workplace?
Report Drug Abuse in the Workplace
Stop Conflict in the Workplace Before It Happens
Write a Letter Explaining Employee Confrontation
HR Steps to Take If an Employee Appeals Termination
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1877
|
__label__wiki
| 0.910602
| 0.910602
|
Pence acknowledges ‘tough stuff’ at border detention center
National news from the Associated Press
WASHINGTON (AP) — Acknowledging “this is tough stuff,” Vice President Mike Pence says he was not surprised by what he saw Friday as he toured a Texas Border Patrol station, where hundreds of men were being kept in cages with no cots amid sweltering heat.
Pence said later, “I knew we’d see a system that was overwhelmed.”
The vice president visited the McAllen Border Patrol station Friday. When detainees saw reporters arrive, many began shouting, saying they had been there for 40 days or more and they were hungry and wanted to brush their teeth. Agents guarding the cages were wearing face masks.
The press pool covering the vice president was pulled out within 90 seconds.
Pence says he has pushed for more federal spending to deal with the situation.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1880
|
__label__wiki
| 0.81142
| 0.81142
|
02SNS
Westworld isn't your typical amusement park. Intended for rich vacationers, the futuristic park allows its visitors to live out their most primal fantasies with the robotic hosts. However, the robotic hosts have evolved an artificial consciousness that is similar to, yet diverges from, human consciousness. No matter how illicit the fantasy may be, there are no consequences for the park's guests, allowing for any wish to be indulged; but there is a price to be paid.
Genre: Drama, Mystery, Sci-Fi, Western,
Based on the IDW Comic, Wynonna Earp follows Wyatt Earp's great granddaughter as she battles demons and other creatures. With her unique abilities, and a posse of dysfunctional allies, she's the only thing that can bring the paranormal to justice. Written by Sydney Thomas
Country: Canada | USA
Genre: Action, Drama, Fantasy, Mystery, Thriller, Western,
Genre: Drama, Western,
The town of Deadwood, South Dakota in the weeks following the Custer massacre is a lawless sinkhole of crime and corruption. Into this uncivilized outpost ride a disillusioned and bitter ex-lawman, Wild Bill Hickok, and Seth Bullock, a man hoping to find a new start for himself. Both men find themselves quickly on opposite sides of the legal and moral fence from Al Swearengen, saloon owner, hotel operator, and incipient boss of Deadwood. The lives of these three intertwine with many others, the high-minded and the low-lifes who populate Deadwood in 1876. Written by Jim Beaver [email protected]
Genre: Crime, Drama, History, Western,
60 min | 45 min (210 episodes) | 60 min (203 episodes)
A long-running drama based upon the Little House series of books by Laura Ingalls Wilder, Little House on the Prairie follows the lives of the simple, farming Ingalls family: Charles, Caroline, Mary, Laura, Carrie and then Grace and the later adopted Albert, James and Cassandra, who settle into a quaint little house on the banks of Plum Creek near the small town of Walnut Grove during the late 1800s. Often narrated by Laura, the series follows her simple farm upbringing from her childhood until her adulthood with Almanzo Wilder with whom she starts a family of her own. While the series is based upon the Little House books (and thus the real life of author Laura Ingalls Wilder), it is a very loose adaptation, with mostly only key events and elements of fact surviving the transition from book to TV series, the most important being Mary's eventual blindness, and Laura's future. Several other fictitious (some factual) characters make up the friendly community of Walnut Grove, ... Written by Ondre Lombard [email protected]
Genre: Drama, Family, Romance, Western,
A multi-generational epic telling of the story of America's birth as a superpower through the bloody rise and fall of one Texas oil empire.
Cullen Bohannon, a former soldier and slaveholder, follows the track of a band of Union soldiers, the killers of his wife. This brings him to the middle of one of the biggest projects in US history, the building of the transcontinental railroad. After the war years in the 1860s, this undertaking connected the prospering east with the still wild west. Written by cc ardbeg
Country: Canada | UK
60 min | 60 min (147 episodes)
The fifth daughter of a wealthy Boston physician, Michaela Quinn defies the conventions of post-Civil War society by following in her father's footsteps. After his death, 'Dr. Mike' leaves Boston and moves to the frontier town of Colorado Springs, where she finds the citizens less than thrilled by the concept of a woman doctor. While she struggles to earn their trust, Mike's life is complicated by a growing relationship with mountain man Byron Sully, and the unexpected responsibility of raising three orphaned children. Written by Marg Baskin [email protected]
Genre: Drama, Family, Western,
Walt Longmire is the charismatic, dedicated and unflappable sheriff of Absaroka County. Widowed only a year, Longmire is a man in psychic repair that buries his pain behind a brave face and dry wit. Struggling since his wife's death and at the urging of his daughter, Cady, Longmire knows that the time has come to turn his life around. With the help of Vic, a female deputy new to the department, he becomes reinvigorated about his job and committed to running for re-election. When Branch, an ambitious, young deputy decides to run against him for sheriff, Longmire feels betrayed but remains steadfast in his dedication to the community. Longmire often turns to close friend and confidant Henry Standing Bear for support as he sets out to rebuild both his personal and professional life, one step at a time. Written by AandE TV
Genre: Action, Crime, Drama, Western,
50 min (217 episodes)
Gil Favor is trail boss of a continuous cattle drive; he is assisted by Rowdy Yates. The crew runs into characters and adventures along the way.
Genre: Western,
Frank Griffin, an outlaw terrorizing the 1880s American West, hunts down Roy Goode, his partner turned enemy. Roy hides out at a ranch as Frank's chase leads him to La Belle, New Mexico - a town mysteriously made up entirely of women.
30 min | 60 min
Marshal Matt Dillon is in charge of Dodge City, a town in the wild west where people often have no respect for the law. He deals on a daily basis with the problems associated with frontier life: cattle rustling, gunfights, brawls, standover tactics, and land fraud. Such situations call for sound judgement and brave actions: of which Marshal Dillon has plenty. Written by Murray Chapman [email protected]
Episodes revolving around the Macahan family as they try to fulfill their dream of going to Oregon. They run into many setbacks along the way and are forced to delay their move many times as a result. Common wild west themes and characters abound, such as Native Americans and crazy mountain men. Written by Anonymous
23 min (original release)
When city-turned-country girl Lucky meets a wild mustang named Spirit, she feels an instant connection to the untamable horse. A courageous and natural-born leader, Lucky navigates this new world with her two new best friends, Pru and Abigail by her side. The trio embark on thrilling adventures, find genuine friendship, and discover what it means to be free!
Genre: Animation, Adventure, Family, Western,
The Big Valley
Victoria Barkley heads her adult brood on the Barkley Ranch in California's San Joaquin Valley, near Stockton, in the 1870s. Heath is the illegitimate son of Victoria's husband, Tom (who is dead at the time of the series). Bank robbers, horse thieves, revolutionaries, and land grabbers keep the Barkleys hopping. Written by Ed Stephan [email protected]
274 min (3 parts)
The lives of two childhood best friends, Bill and Epstein, in the late 1890s as they flock to the gold rush capital in the untamed Yukon Territory. This man-versus-nature tale places our heroes in a land full of undiscovered wealth, but ravaged by harsh conditions, unpredictable weather and desperate, dangerous characters including greedy businessmen, seductive courtesans and native tribes witnessing the destruction of their people and land by opportunistic entrepreneurs. Written by Discovery Channel
Country: USA | Canada
Genre: Adventure, Drama, Western,
A depiction of the rise of Texas from the Battle of the Alamo to San Jacinto. A story told through the lives of the men who gave everything up to defend an infant country from a ruthless Dictator and savage Native Americans, and paved the way for the Republic of Texas to emerge. Written by jblueboy
Cowboys & Outlaws
Genre: Documentary, Biography, History, Western,
Centers on Molly Parker, one of only two women in the notoriously male Texas Rangers, a ballsy, beautiful badass who knows how to get to the truth and isn't afraid to ruffle a few feathers on her way there.
Seth Davenport appears to be a small town Iowa preacher, but he harbors ambitions of starting a full-blown insurrection against the status quo. But he is unaware that an industrialist tycoon has hired a deadly professional strikebreaker named Creeley Turner to stop that insurrection by any means necessary. And unknown to those around them, these two men share a secret bloody past.
Genre: Crime, Drama, Western,
This series will provide unprecedented access to the wilderness, frontier lawlessness, and bloodshed of the 40 years between the end of the American Civil War and after the turn of the 20th Century, when the west was won. From Jesse James and Crazy Horse, to Wyatt Earp and Buffalo Bill, the characters at the center of this violent, blood-soaked period in American history are explored as each episode follows the stories and struggles of the West's most infamous outlaws as they fight for their land and identity. Written by Tarra
Genre: History, Western,
The Wild Wild West season 1
60 min | 50 min (DVD)
West arrives to meet an informant. Before he can, an attempt is made on his life and the informant is blown up! The man's dying word, Flory, is West's only clue to a plot that just might rewrite the map south of the Mexican border, and threaten the future of the United States... Written by CommanderBalok
Genre: Action, Adventure, Sci-Fi, Thriller, Western,
F Troop
Becoming a hero by accidentally leading a cavalry charge the wrong way, Captain Wilton Parmenter is given command of Fort Courage. The Fort's crafty Sgt. O'Rourke has a deal with the local Hekawi Indians to market their wares to the tourists. They must sometimes pretend to be enemies (and the Shugs really are enemies). Jane is out to marry the innocent Parmenter. Written by Ed Stephan [email protected]
Genre: Comedy, Western,
West and Gordon are sent to escort a horse, a gift from President Grant, to the Mexican government. The horse is stolen, however, and the two work to recover the lost gift before a diplomatic incident occurs.
50 min (DVD) | 60 min
Investigating a series of mysterious tidal waves, West and Gordon find a fanatical marine environmentalist.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1882
|
__label__wiki
| 0.684111
| 0.684111
|
Ram Chander & Ors. Vs. State of Haryana
[Criminal Appeal Nos. 658-659 of 2010]
Abhay Manohar Sapre, J.
1. These appeals are filed against the common final judgment and order dated 12.08.2008 passed by the High Court of Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh in Criminal Appeal Nos. 448-DB and 395-DB of 1998 whereby the Division Bench of the High Court dismissed the appeals filed by the appellants herein and upheld the judgments/orders of conviction and sentence rendered by the Trial Court.
2. The case of the prosecution is as under: One Hari Singh (since dead) was married to Messo (deceased). Out of this wedlock, the couple was blessed with three daughters, namely, Dholi alias Krishna, Sumitra and Raj Bala. Raj Bala was aged around 15 years and the youngest amongst the three daughters. Both Dholi and Sumitra were married at a place (village) called Kagdana whereas Rajbala was unmarried.
3. Hari Singh has two brothers, namely, Sohan Lal (accused - since dead) and Bhoop Singh. Sohan Lal has four sons, namely, Ram Chander, Ranbir alias Randhir, Ram Kumar and Om Parkash (accused - appellants herein). Messo has one sister Guddi (PW- 9) who is married to Bhoop Singh.
4. Messo and Raj Bala (mother and daughter) were living in one house at village Arnianwali. Guddi was their next-door neighbour. Messo was in search of a boy for Raj Bala and had selected one boy from a place called Manak Dewan for which talks had been going on for the last one month or so from the date of incident. The engagement ceremony was accordingly fixed for 22.09.1996 at Arnianwali. Dholi alias Krishna (married daughter of Messo) had, therefore, come to her mother's place at Arnianwali on 19.09.1996 to help her mother and sister-Raj Bala for the ceremony.
5. On 20.09.1996, around 3 p.m. Sohan Lal along with his four sons, namely, Ranbir, Ram Chander, Ram Kumar and Om Parkash, came to the house of Messo and told her to desist from settling the marriage of Raj Bala with a boy from Manak Dewan. Sohan Lal said that they could settle it according to their own choice. Sohan Lal, who was not happy with the marriage proposal, expressed his total unhappiness and did not want the marriage proposal to fructify. He then threatened Messo that in case she did not agree to his proposal then both (Messo and Raj Bala) would not see the sun the next day. After giving this threat, Sohan Lal along with his sons (appellants herein) left the place. Dholi and Guddi were present along with Messo and Raj Bala when Sohan Lal and his four sons had come.
6. Messo fearing with the threat of Sohan Lal asked her daughter Dholi to go immediately to her brother, Ram Sarup at village Dhigtania which was around 20 KM away from her house and inform him about happening of such incident with her. Dholi, accordingly, went there and narrated the incident to Ram Sarup-her maternal uncle. She then stayed overnight with Ram Sarup.
7. On 21.09.1996, in the early hours, when Dholi and Ram Sarup accompanied by one Om Prakash-Sarpanch of Village Dhigtania reached to the house of Messo, they found both, Messo and Raj Bala, missing from the house. They, therefore, went to the house of Guddi (PW-9), who was living next to the house of Messo. They noted that Guddi was weeping and was in the state of shock.
8. When they inquired from her about the whereabouts of Messo and Raj Bala, Guddi told them that Sohan Lal and his four sons had come in the night and murdered Messo and Raj Bala, burnt their bodies in house and carried the remains of the dead bodies and ashes in a cart driven by the tractor from her house to an unknown place.
9. This led to the registration of FIR bearing No.197 (Ex-PA-1) dated 21.09.1996 by Dholi at Police Station Nathusari Chopta naming Sohan Lal and his four sons (appellants herein) as accused persons for committing the murder of her mother-Messo and sister-Raj Bala. The police authorities then started investigation, visited the spot, recorded the statements of the witnesses, prepared the spot map, recovered several articles from the spot and arrested the accused persons. On being interrogated, the accused made disclosure statements about the manner in which ashes/bones of both the deceased were disposed of in a nearby Canal known as-Sheranwali Canal and also disclosed the place where the weapons used in commission of the offence and tractor with cart were kept. On such disclosure being made, the police made recoveries of the articles at the instance of the accused.
10. After completion of the investigation, the case was committed to the Court of Sessions and the accused persons were charged for commission of the offences punishable under Sections 148, 302 read with Section 149 and 201 of the Indian Penal Code,1860 (for short 'IPC').
11. On 07.08.1997, Om Parkash-one of the accused escaped from police custody from Civil Hospital Sirsa. Proceedings under Sections 82 and 83 of the Criminal Procedure Code,1973 (for short 'the Code') were initiated against him. He was declared 'Proclaimed Offender' and proceedings under Section 299 of the Code were ordered to be taken up against him. The trial of other accused, however, proceeded on merits.
12. The prosecution, in support of his case, examined as many as 11 witnesses whereas the defence did not choose to lead any evidence. Proceedings under Section 313 of the Code were carried out. After completion of the trial, the Trial Court (Additional Sessions Judge, Sirsa), vide judgment dated 27.07.1998, convicted Sohan Lal, Ranbir @ Randhir, Ram Chander and Ram Kumar for the offences punishable under Sections 148, 302/149 and 201/149 IPC and sentenced them to undergo rigorous imprisonment for a period of one year each under Section 148 IPC.
Ram Chander and Ranbir @ Randhir to undergo imprisonment for life under Section 302 IPC and to pay a fine of Rs.5000/- each, in default of payment, further to undergo rigorous imprisonment for a period of one year each. Sohan Lal and Ram Kumar were sentenced to imprisonment for life under Section 302/149 IPC and to pay a fine of Rs.5000/- each, in default of payment of fine, further to undergo rigorous imprisonment for a period of one year each. All the four accused were sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for a period of two years each for the offences punishable under Section 201/149 IPC. All the sentences were ordered to run concurrently.
13. After arrest of Om Parkash on 22.02.1999, a separate trial was conducted against him and after its completion, the Trial Court, by a separate judgment dated 7/8.08.2000, convicted him for the offences punishable under Sections 148, 302/149 and 201/149 IPC and sentenced him to undergo rigorous imprisonment for one year under Section 148 IPC imprisonment for life and fine of Rs.5000/- with default clause under Section 302/149 IPC and rigorous imprisonment for two years under Section 201/149 IPC. All the substantive sentences were ordered to run concurrently.
14. Against the judgment of conviction and order of sentence dated 27.07.1998, Sohan Lal, Ram Chander, Ram Kumar and Ranbir @ Randhir filed Criminal Appeal No. 448-DB of 1998 before the High Court.
15. Against the judgment of conviction and order of sentence dated 7/8.9.2000, Om Parkash filed separate Criminal Appeal No. 395-DB of 2000 before the High Court.
16. The appeals were heard together. By impugned judgment dated 12.08.2008, the High Court dismissed both the appeals. During the pendency of the appeals before the High Court, Sohan Lal died, therefore, appeal against him stood abated.
17. Aggrieved by the said judgment, all the accused have filed these appeals by special leave before this Court questioning the legality and correctness of their conviction and sentence.
18. Heard Mr. Naresh Kaushik, learned counsel for the appellants (accused) and Mr. Sanjay Kumar Visen learned counsel for the respondent- State. We also perused the written submissions submitted by the learned counsel for the parties.
19. Learned counsel for the appellants (accused) while assailing the legality and correctness of the impugned order, reiterated the same submissions which were pressed in service though unsuccessfully by the appellants before the two courts below resulting in their conviction.
20. In substance, the submissions were that firstly, the appellants were falsely implicated in the incident inasmuch as none of the appellants were connected with the commission of the offence in question in any way so also their complicity in the commission of the offence could not be established by the prosecution for want of evidence against any of them.
21. The second submission was that neither the motive for commission of the offence and nor the presence of any of the appellants either jointly and individually was proved at the time of the commission of the offence by the prosecution and the evidence adduced by the prosecution is not sufficient to implicate the appellants for commission of the offence.
22. The third submission was that the two Courts below erred in placing reliance on the evidence of the so-called eye-witness-Guddi (PW-9) as according to the learned counsel, her testimony, if scanned properly would neither inspire confidence and nor will command creditability due to her close relationship with the deceased family.
23. The fourth submission was that apart from the evidence of Guddi (PW- 9), no independent eye-witness to the incident was examined by the prosecution, therefore, it is not safe to rely on the uncorroborated testimony of Guddi (PW-9) for sustaining the appellants' conviction.
24. The fifth submission was that when the prosecution claimed that on the strength of disclosure statement of one accused, they recovered "Ashes and Bones" from the canal, this itself renders the case of the prosecution wholly unacceptable because ashes could never be recovered from canal.
25. The sixth submission was that it looked highly improbable that no villager could witness the incident except Guddi(PW-9). This, according to learned counsel, is sufficient to hold that the prosecution failed to establish the complicity of the appellants in commission of the crime.
26. The seventh submission was that no expert opinion was obtained to find out as to whether bones recovered were human bones or animal bones?
27. It is basically these submissions, which were elaborated by the learned counsel for the appellants with reference to the evidence on record.
28. In reply, learned counsel for the respondent supported the impugned order and contended that since both the Courts below, on proper appreciation of evidence, have held that the appellants were involved in the commission of the offence in question and committed brutal murder of two innocent ladies, mother and daughter, and further both the Courts have given cogent reasons while rejecting their submissions and hence there arises no reason to interfere in the impugned order.
29. Having heard the learned counsel for the parties and on perusal of the record of the case, we find no merit in the appeals.
30. At the outset, we may take note of one legal principle consistently reiterated by this Court since inception that it is not the function of this Court to re-assess evidence and an argument on a point of fact which did not prevail with the Courts below cannot avail the appellants in this Court (see observation of learned Judge - Saiyid Fazl Ali, J. while speaking for the Bench in the case of Lachhman Singh and others vs State (AIR 1952 SC 167).
31. Here is a case where the Trial Court and the High Court, on appreciating the entire oral evidence, recorded categorical concurrent findings of fact against the appellants (accused) about their complicity in commission of crime in question which resulted in killing of mother and her unmarried daughter.
32. Both the Courts below held that firstly, it were the appellants who had come to the house of Messo (mother) and threatened her that she (Messo) should not pursue her daughter, Raj Bala's marriage with the boy from Manak Diwan, otherwise both will not see the sun the next day.
Secondly, noticing that both did not pay any heed to the threat, the appellants came to Messo's house in the midnight with a pre-determined mind to eliminate Messo and Raj Bala.
Thirdly, the appellants accomplished their plan by mercilessly killing Messo and Raj Bala with the use of gandasa when both were in fast asleep.
Fourthly, the appellants first caught hold of Messo and chopped her head with Gandasa and then did the same to Raj Bala and then put them on a cot and put mattresses and wood sticks over their bodies and poured kerosene/diesel and set their bodies to fire.
Fifthly, the appellants then removed the ashes and bones from the place of occurrence in a tractor and all this was witnessed by Guddi (PW-9) who was living as next door neighbour of the deceased.
Sixthly, Guddi (PW-9) was a reliable eye- witness whose evidence did not suffer from any infirmities or/and inconsistencies.
Seventhly, the ashes, human bones, plastic bags, Gandasa used in execution of the offence were recovered from the canal and house at the instance of the respective appellants on the strength of individual disclosure statements made during their interrogation.
Eighthly, the defence did not adduce any evidence to demolish the case of the prosecution and nor statements of the accused made under Section 313 of the Code, in any manner, could demolish the case of the prosecution on any material points.
Ninthly, the case set up by the prosecution was proved with the aid of evidence adduced by witnesses, namely, PW-1 to PW-11.
33. As observed supra, the aforementioned nine main findings of the Sessions Court were affirmed by the High Court after appreciating the oral evidence. These findings of fact being concurrent in nature are usually binding on this Court. This Court, being the last Court of appeal, does not re-visit and re-appreciate the entire oral evidence de novo in its jurisdiction under Article 136 of the Constitution unless there are strong and prima facie reasons to do so pointing out therein any apparent legal and jurisdictional error prejudicing any rights of the accused.
34. However, since this Court granted leave to file appeal to the appellants against the impugned order of the High Court and hence we considered it just and proper to have a re-look to the evidence of material witnesses with a view to find out whether the concurrent findings of the two Courts below are based on proper appreciation of evidence or any of these findings call for any interference.
35. As mentioned above, the only eye-witness to the incident in question is Guddi (PW-9). Both the Courts below found her testimony to be natural, credible and consistent.
36. Guddi (PW-9) is the real sister of the deceased Messo and she was living next to the house of Messo. She, in her evidence, narrated in detail her family tree and their inter se relations including her relation with the accused family.
37. She stated that Sohan Lal-one of the accused (since dead) was her husband's (Bhoop Singh's) real elder brother and the accused are Sohan Lal and his sons. She stated that Sohan Lal and his sons (appellants) had come to Messo's house in the afternoon on the date of incident (incident had occurred in midnight the same day) and held out a threat to her and Raj Bala that marriage proposal of her daughter with the boy from Manak Diwan should not be materialized and if it is not cancelled then she and her daughter will not see the sun the next day. She stated that Sohan Lal gave this threat to Messo in her presence and in presence of Dholi (PW-8) who had come to Messo to extend help for engagement ceremony of Raj Bala.
38. She stated that Messo on hearing the threat asked Dholi-her daughter to go to her maternal uncle (Ram Sarup) - who was the resident of nearby village and bring him with her, if possible.
39. She stated that Dholi immediately left to the house of Ram Sarup and on reaching there she told him about the incident. Dholi stayed back overnight with Ram Sarup.
40. She then stated that during mid-night hours, she heard some noise in the house of Messo. She, therefore, woke up and came out to find out the cause of noice. She stated that between her house and the house of Messo, there is one common wall with sufficient space, which enables anyone to peep through easily in both the houses.
41. She stated that she came near to the joint wall and through space in the wall saw that Ram Chander (accused) and Randhir (accused) were holding Gandasas in their hands whereas Sohan Lal (accused) and Om Prakash (accused) had caught hold of Masso's hand and legs and Ram Chander (accused) with his gandasa gave blow on Messo's neck, which completely severed Messo's neck from her body.
42. She stated that Ram Kumar (accused) then caught hold of Raj Bala who was on a separate cot and Ranbir (accused) with his gandasa gave blow on Raj Bala's throat due to which her neck was completely severed from her body. The accused persons then put both the bodies on one cot along with their severed heads and put mattresses on the dead bodies. Sohan Lal then put some wood sticks by the side of the cot and poured two tins of diesel/kerosene on the cot and set the cot ablaze with matchstick.
43. She stated that Ranbir (accused) then came to her (Guddi's) house and took their tractor and camel cart to Messo's house. He dumped ashes, bones and other burnt material in the tractor and proceeded with the tractor to an unknown place. She stated that before leaving, Ram Chander plastered the place of occurrence with mud and cow-dung and cleaned the place. She stated that she told about this incident to Bhoop Singh but on hearing it, he ran away out of fear.
44. She stated that next morning when Ram Sarup, Dholi and Om Prakash- Sarpanch came, she narrated the entire incident to them, which eventually led to filing of FIR by Dholi immediately in the concerned nearby Police Station naming therein the appellants as the culprits of commission of the offence.
45. Dholi (PW-8) corroborated the evidence of Guddi (PW-9) on material points such as
(1) all the accused visiting Messo's house and giving threat in her presence to Messo and Raj Bala,
(2) Raj Bala's marriage proposal with a boy from Manik Dewan
(3) She having left to her uncle's place at the request of her mother Messo to inform him about the incident
(4) her family relations with the accused and with other family members and lastly, what Guddi (PW-9) told her about the entire incident and the manner in which it was accomplished by the accused on her reaching the house next day morning with Ram Sarup and Om Prakash.
46. Ram Sarup (PW-10) also corroborated the version of Guddi (PW-9) and Dholi (PW-8) on all material points. He stated that when he along with Dholi and Om Prakash went to Guddi, she was weeping and frightened. On being consoled, she narrated the entire incident (mentioned above) to them.
47. The evidence of the Investigating Officer Hardawari Lal (PW-11) and Kiran Kumar (PW-7) who was the Scientific Assistant (Forensic Science Laboratory) proved that the blood stains were found on the walls and earth and also fresh mud and cow-dung was found on the walls and when it was removed, blood stains were noticed on the bricks of the wall. Kiran Kumar (PW-7) also corroborated the existence of joint wall with sufficient space available in the common wall as stated by Guddi (PW- 9).
48. The evidence of Investigating Officer (PW-11) also proved the recoveries of articles on the basis of disclosure statements made by respective appellants (accused). The seized articles were proved and exhibited.
49. It is with this evidence, the question arises as to whether the two Courts below were justified in placing reliance on the evidence of Guddi (PW-9) for resting the appellant's conviction?
50. On scanning the aforementioned evidence, we are of the considered opinion that both the Courts below were justified in accepting the evidence of Guddi (PW-9) for resting the appellants' conviction upon it. We, while concurring with the reasoning and the conclusion of both the Courts below, give our reasons infra. In our view, the following facts are proved with the aid of evidence.
51. First, Guddi (PW-9) was next-door neighbour to the house of both the deceased where the incident took place.
Second, she was closely related to the deceased family and the family of the accused.
Third, she knew the accused persons and the family members of the deceased very well much prior to the date of incident being a part of the same families. Fourth, she was fully aware of the marriage issue of Raj Bala.
Fifth, she was present at the time of threat given by Sohan Lal and his sons (accused) to Messo.
Sixth, she was able to see the incident graphically due to sufficient space available in the common wall.
Seventh, Scientific Assistant, Kiran Kumar (PW-7) on inspection of the place of occurrence proved that the common wall has space. He said "there was open space between this wall and the room".
Eighth, it also corroborates with the evidence of Hardawari Lal(PW-11) and the spot map (EX-PU) of the place of incidence that the wall and the open space therein did exist;
Ninth, Guddi's narration of entire incident is so graphic that it looks natural. It also shows how confidently she was able to narrate the role of every accused in commission of the offence.
Tenth, the existence of blood stains on wall and earth coupled with fresh mud and cow dung put on the walls/earth duly proved by Hardawari Lal, Investigating Officer(PW-11) and Kiran Kumar (PW-7) corroborates Guddi's statement that "Ram Chander - one of the accused before leaving the place of occurrence cleaned the place with mud and cow-dung".
Eleventh, it is not possible to give description of an incident in such graphic manner and that too by a middle aged illiterate housewife unless she had actually seen such incident and why should Guddi (PW-9) give evidence against the appellants and falsely implicate them when there is no evidence to prove their previous animosity;
Twelfth, motive to eliminate the two deceased was proved by Guddi against the appellants and lastly, nothing could be brought out to shake her testimony in cross-examination.
52. The submission of learned counsel for the appellants that since Guddi (PW-9) was in close relation with the deceased persons, she should not be believed for want of evidence of any independent witness, deserves to be rejected in the light of the law laid down by this Court in Dalbir Kaur and Ors. vs. State of Punjab, (1976) 4 SCC 158, and Harbans Kaur and Anr. vs. State of Haryana, (2005) 9 SCC 195, which lays down the following proposition: "There is no proposition in law that relatives are to be treated as untruthful witnesses. On the contrary, reason has to be shown when a plea of partiality is raised to show that the witnesses had reason to shield actual culprit and falsely implicate the accused."
53. In Namdeo?Vs.?State of Maharashtra, (2007) 14 SCC150, this Court further held: "38. .......... it is clear that a close relative cannot be characterised as an "interested" witness. He is a "natural" witness. His evidence, however, must be scrutinised carefully. If on such scrutiny, his evidence is found to be intrinsically reliable, inherently probable and wholly trustworthy, conviction can be based on the "sole" testimony of such witness. Close relationship of witness with the deceased or victim is no ground to reject his evidence. On the contrary, close relative of the deceased would normally be most reluctant to spare the real culprit and falsely implicate an innocent one."
54. We follow and apply this well settled principle of law for rejecting the submissions of learned counsel for the appellants.
55. In the light of aforementioned twelve reasons, we are of the view that Guddi (PW-9) was rightly held to be an eye-witness and the two Courts rightly relied upon her sworn testimony for sustaining the appellants' conviction.
56. This takes us to the next argument of learned counsel for the appellants. It was urged that the alleged recovery of articles on the strength of disclosure statement of the accused and in particular the "ashes and the bones" from the canal is not possible. We do not agree.
57. In our view, there is no evidence to prove the fact as to whether the canal from where the recovery of ashes and bones was made had any water therein or not at the relevant time. We do not find that any question was put to any witness on this issue and secondly, no independent evidence was brought on record to prove as to whether the canal was full of water or had no water therein. In any event, one could not dispute that bones were recovered from the canal. In the absence of any evidence, which could otherwise be led in any form, this submission at this stage is, therefore, not acceptable.
58. This takes us to the next argument of learned counsel for the appellants. Learned Counsel urged that why the prosecution did not examine any independent witness from the village other then Guddi (PW-9).
59. We find no merit in this submission for more than one reason. First, no such argument was advanced before the two courts below. Second, the incident had taken place during midnight when all the villagers were fast asleep. Third, no evidence was adduced to prove that near the place of incident, there were many houses and lastly, had the injury been caused by the Gun Shot, it would have created some noise in the nearby locality and attract the attention of the villagers. Such was, however, not the case because the weapon used in commission of the offence was 'Gandasa'.
60. In our considered opinion, the disclosure statements made by the accused during their interrogation on the basis of which the recoveries of articles were made such as - gandasa, bones, ashes, blood stained bricks and earth, tractor with cart, two plastic cans smelling diesel oil, which were duly proved by the Investigating Officer are sufficient to sustain the conviction when it is examined in the context of oral evidence. Merely because no expert opinion was obtained to prove as to whether bones recovered were human or animal bones, in our view, would not weaken the case of prosecution in the light of overwhelming evidence available on record to prove the complicity of the appellants.
61. It is the consistent view of this Court that minor discrepancies, even if noticed, would not affect the prosecution case, if there is a sufficient independent evidence to sustain the conviction. (See - Vijay @ Chinee vs. State of Madhya Pradesh, (2010) 8 SCC 191, Paras 23 & 23). In this case, the evidence adduced was found sufficient to sustain the conviction and we find no good ground to take a different view from the one taken by the two Courts below and concur with their findings and views by giving our own reasons mentioned supra.
62. In view of foregoing discussion, the appeals are found to be devoid of any merit. The appeals thus fail and are accordingly dismissed. In case if any of the appellants is on bail, his bail bond stands cancelled and he is directed to be taken into custody forthwith to undergo remaining period of sentence awarded to him by the Sessions Court.
..................................J. [A.K. SIKRI]
..................................J. [ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE]
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1884
|
__label__wiki
| 0.621292
| 0.621292
|
Collected by adriana paramo , AFAR Local Expert
Qatar's cuisine is a melange of Indian, Middle Eastern, the Levant, and North African gastronomic influences. As such, the country is home to a flurry of restaurants serving foods from, not only, all these regions, but also from countries all over the world. Whether you are in the mood for Japanese sushi, or Lebanese shawarmas, or Indian curry, or a good old Italian pizza, rest assure Qatar has it all. Not just in kind, but also in quality.
Photo by Shirine Clements
New York Steak House at Marriott Marquis Hotel
Omar Al Mukhtar Street, Area 61, Al Dafna, Street #850, Doha, Qatar
New York Steak House, located at the Marriot Marquis Hotel, has been chosen by local food critics as the best steak house of 2015. New York Steak House offers the best cuts from the United States, Argentina and Australia, as well as fresh seafood,...
Saffron Lounge at Katara Art Center
Katara Cultural Village, building 5، Doha, Qatar
Saffron Lounge at Katara Village is the place to eat if in the mood for Indian cuisine. With a mouth-watering menu, a tea lounge, and unobstructed sea view from both its indoor dinning salon and the terrace seating, Saffron has consistently won...
Lo Spaghetto
Al Sadd, Al Kinana St P.O.Box 39075، Doha, Qatar
Lo Spaghetto, located in Al Sadd, behind Royal Plaza Mall and away from the swank of the five-star hotels, caters to those who love real home-made style Italian dishes the way pop and mom do it in any Italian “Trattoria.” The four Italian chefs,...
Photo by Maria Antonia Thompson
Al Jasra Boutique Hotel, Souq Waqif
Souq Waqif, Souq Asiri, Doha 23095, Qatar
Argan in Al Jasra Boutique Hotel in Souq Waqif. This Moroccan restaurant, named after a flower is beautifully furnished in true Moroccan tradition and has an inner majlis—a traditional place of gathering for men. A wide variety of couscous are...
Al-Dana Restaurant at Sharq Village & Spa
Ras Abu Abboud St, Doha, Qatar
Al-Dana's coastal cuisine menu is a balanced combination of French, Mediterranean and Asian cuisine, which can be enjoyed either inside or alfresco. The pan fried fois gras is a favorite and their selection of fresh fish and variety of seafood all...
Megu at The Pearl
Via Marsa Arabia, Doha, Qatar
Megu, located in Porto Arabia, The Pearl, is according to some “One of the best Japanese restaurants in the World”. It serves signature dishes such as the original Crispy Asparagus, Yellowtail Carpaccio, Salmon Tartare, and Wagyu Kobe...
Photo by Linda Swainson
Maxim at Radisson Blu Hotel
Salwa Road, Intersection of, C Ring Rd, Doha, Qatar
Maxim at Radisson Blu Hotel, in Al-Saad area, is tucked away in a corner of the hotel on a floor that can be reached only via a private lift. The restaurant, with its red velvet walls, waiters dressed in tailcoats, candlelight atmosphere, and a...
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1885
|
__label__cc
| 0.655796
| 0.344204
|
Collected by Ronald Lee
Photo courtesy of Tartine Bakery
600 Guerrero St, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
With no sign above its unassuming storefront, Tartine is most easily recognized by the line that snakes out its door and down Guerrero Street. People patiently wait for flaky pains au chocolat (the best outside Paris, in my opinion), decadent...
431 Balboa St, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
I may move to San Francisco, for the sole reason of being close to Sushi Bistro. Just a few blocks from Golden Gate Park on Balboa Street, the restaurant looks unassuming from the outside. But, once you open the menu, you'll enter a world of...
Bi-Rite Creamery
3692 18th St, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
It's no wonder that on any given weekday afternoon, the line for ice cream at this legendary San Francisco establishment goes out the door and wraps around the block. Once you try it for yourself, you'll understand: it's just that good. With...
Photo by Deborah Miller, Edge of Wonder Travels Unlimited
Baker Beach
Gibson Rd, San Francisco, CA 94129, USA
Every once in a while, the sun shines bright in San Francisco and every city residents flocks to the nearest park or beach to soak up the sun and day drink. Baker Beach, in the confines of SF, seems worlds away from city life. The view of the...
University of California Botanical Garden
200 Centennial Dr, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
I had heard that the botanical garden at UC Berkeley in Berkeley, California, was worth visiting, but I didn't expect it to be so beautiful. Set among the hills that rise above the city, the botanical garden seems to go on and on, one beautiful...
Treasure Island, San Francisco, CA, USA
Treasure Island is still technically located in the city of San Francisco, but you probably wouldn't venture to the island unless you're making a trip over to Oakland and the east bay. I have often noticed the great views of SF from the bay...
Point Reyes Lighthouse
Point Reyes Lighthouse, Inverness, CA 94937, USA
I practically got "blown away" at the Point Reyes Lighthouse because it was so incredibly windy the day I visited. In fact, this is the windiest place on the Pacific Coast and the second foggiest place in North America, making it very dangerous...
Marin Headlands, California, USA
Darn. I'm driving up Conzelman Road in Sausolito, California to the Marin Headlands to overlook the city of San Francisco and the Golden Gate Bridge, and all the parking spaces are occupied. Keep driving, turn the bend. 2nd Overlook. Darn! Taken...
Iz It Fresh Grill Food Truck
333 Fulton St, San Francisco, CA 94102, USA
This San Francisco food truck is known for its street tacos, fried chicken, and SPAM musubis which you can have all together in one of their combo plates! The recipes come from the owners grandparents who opened a deli in the Richmond district and...
Acme Bread Co
1601 San Pablo Ave, Berkeley, CA 94702, USA
I've lived in New York and Los Angeles, and tasted world class breads in those cities, but I return again and again to my favorite boulangerie, Acme Bread Company, in Berkeley. Steve Sullivan, Acme's owner, started out baking breads for Chez...
Point Lobos
Point Lobos, California 93923, USA
This state natural reserve is a perfect highlight of Northern California's coast. Trails meander through trees, along the craggy coastline and down to tide pools. With California poppy's blooming, cypress trees clinging to rocks and aquamarine...
Saigon Sandwich
560 Larkin St, San Francisco, CA 94102, USA
I crave this caramel-y roasted pork Banh Mi at Saigon Sandwich. The classic Vietnamese sandwich is on a fresh French baguette that is perfectly soft yet crispy, accompanied by fresh carrots, cucumbers, cilantro, and peppers, plus the most...
There's nothing more San Fransisco (or hipster) than buying a margharita (with pepperoni) and taking it to Dolores Park for some prime people watching. It may be easier than getting a seat in the restaurant. Don't forget the chilli flakes! How I...
Cavalli Cafe
1441 Stockton St, San Francisco, CA 94133, USA
Italian cafés abound in San Francisco’s North Beach neighborhood, but few match the quality of A. Cavalli & Co. Tucked away on Stockton Street, the former Italian bookstore serves a short list of housemade desserts: tiramisu, panna cotta,...
Glaze Teriyaki Grill
1946 Fillmore St, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
The former home to the iconic Johnny Rockets on Fillmore Street has a new resident—the hipper, healthier Glaze Teriyaki Grill. While natives may be sad to part with their go-to for late night grease and ice cream, Glaze more than makes up for the...
Photo by Molly DeCoudreaux
Dandelion Chocolate
740 Valencia St, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
When you think of a chocolate factory, a hip and airy space in the heart of one of the city's hottest neighborhoods may not spring to mind. But therein lies the surprise that is Dandelion Chocolate: part factory, part café, part...
FuseBox
2311 Magnolia St A, Oakland, CA 94607, USA
I'm one of those people that falls in love with a song and plays it on repeat until I'm sick of it. I do the same thing with dishes, but I'm nowhere near tired of FuseBox's chicken wings yet. This is a Korean "fusion" restaurant on a quiet street...
Napa Valley Balloons, Inc
4086 Byway E, Napa, CA 94558, USA
If you really want to get a feel for the beauty of Napa, take to the air. We spent a glorious hour or so floating above the valley of the vines, after being picked up from our hotel, taken to the venue and given coffee and something to snack on...
Tokyo Fish Market
Husband and wife Isamu and Tazuye Fujita opened up Tokyo Fish Market in 1963. Since 1971 it's been an extended family affair and the fish market, grocery store and gift shop (two different buildings on San Pablo Avenue) are fabulous places to head...
Photo by Rachel Weill, AFAR Media
Andaz Napa
1450 1st St, Napa, CA 94559, USA
With dark walls, natural wood accents, and red curtains in front of the elevators, the trend-setting Andaz hotel feels like more of a scene than any other property in downtown Napa. In the center of downtown Napa, the hotel is mere steps from...
Koi Palace
365 Gellert Blvd, Daly City, CA 94015, USA
Koi Palace is a large teahouse inspired by ones found in Southern China and serves dim sum that draws a crowd. Get there early, or be prepared to wait. In addition to the standard dim sum offerings, you'll find my favorite item, which is unique to...
Tahoe City Kayak
521 N Lake Blvd, Tahoe City, CA 96145, USA
"Brunch Kayaking?" I almost gasped, and then ran straight into the kayak rental at Tahoe City to make sure I had read the board correctly. It turns out that Tahoe City Kayak, the best-known (and reasonable) kayaking outfit in the area does brunch...
McArthur-Burney Falls Memorial State Park
24898 Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway, Burney, CA 96013, USA
The Mount Shasta and McCloud area is a great destination for a weekend getaway from the Bay Area. Home to several quaint bed and breakfasts, you will feel like you've stepped back in time at the cozy Victorian-themed McCloud River Inn. We stayed...
2 Travel News This Bistro Was Just Voted the Best New Restaurant in the United States
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1886
|
__label__wiki
| 0.502113
| 0.502113
|
by country & category
news by category: North Africa
Found 23 articles.
Displaying 1-10 out of 23 results.
A new flag in North Africa
After capturing areas to rule over in Iraq and Syria, IS finds jihadist groups flocking to its banner, including in the Maghreb and Sinai
New Islamist groups in the Maghreb are now joining those which have already declared their affiliation to 'Islamic State' (IS or Da'ish). The governments in conflict with the jihad...
Vol 55 No 21 |
Comrades in arms deals
Ever more visits by European and US military officials to North African capitals suggest old connections are back on course
The global news agenda has moved on since the attack on the Tiguentourine gas plant near In Amenas in Algeria in January 2013 and the ousting of Egyptian President Mohamed Mursi th...
Brothers unbound
From Cairo to Casablanca, the Muslim Brotherhood is giving shape to the Islamist parties that are profiting from the Arab Spring
In North Africa, only the rulers of Algeria and Morocco have survived the Arab Spring: in Morocco, because the King has now allowed Islamists to form a government and in Algeria, b...
Revolts change regional alliances
Incumbent regimes are reshaping their strategies to address the democracy wave and to maintain their anti-terror posture
As the ‘Arab Spring’ plays out across North Africa and the Middle East, the national uprisings are not only arousing new fear among ruling elites but also changing the shape of reg...
Winners of the wave
With two autocrats felled in less than a month, the big winner in North Africa’s democracy wave is clearly people power, previously a rarity on the streets of Tunis and Cairo, and ...
Playing dominoes
The autocratic regimes in Algeria and Libya are making concessions in the hope of resisting the democracy movement that started in Tunisia
For now, Algiers is what locals call 'normal', a condition in which roadblocks and tight security prevail, mixed with spiralling living costs, massive overcrowding and poor publi...
Crisis on the Nile
The confrontation over the Nile waters, which pits Egypt and Sudan against the five downstream countries, is escalating into a major regional crisis following the collapse of a min...
Whiskey doubles all round
All of North Africa’s leaders will have something to celebrate in 2009, even if the majority of their populations won’t
North Africa’s leaders are among the longest-serving in the world and the most immune to democratic impulses. In comparison, Africa south of the Sahara with its multiparty election...
Vol 2 (AAC) No 9 |
Al Qaida may target Chinese in Africa
More signs are emerging that China is being drawn inexorably into Africa's internal politics and is being compelled to take sides in wider geopolitical disputes. This time, the t...
Elite and underground politics
Islamist militants vie with ageing autocrats for political supremacy while the region’s voters look for jobs and security
Algeria starts 2008 haunted by the threat of a return to wide-ranging Islamist terrorism and political inertia as President Abdelaziz Bouteflika looks set to change the constitutio...
Become a subscriber today to read our articles in full.
Not yet ready to subscribe to Africa Confidential? Then why not register for our free email alerts.
Every two weeks you get a concise snapshot of the latest issue so you're made aware of which issues we cover each fortnight.
HYPREP’s checkered rep
False starts for the clean-up
Asmara and Amhara
Roads, rails, pots and kettles
Lobbying pays off for Bourita
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1888
|
__label__cc
| 0.712233
| 0.287767
|
October's Pinhal de Leiria fire was planned a month beforehand
The fire that broke out last October in the famous and much loved Pinhal de Leiria forest was planned a month in advance, according to a report by TVI 24.
Involved in planning the blaze were owners of at least four of the largest timber companies in the region and owners of the factories that buy and sell lumber.
This unholy alliance met in secret to agree on the details and the resulting price of the timber.
The trees, when burned, can be bought up at a discounted rate as the State is obliged almost to give away the timber.
Special incendiary devices were used in the arson attack, according to journalist, Ana Leal from TVI 24, whose report will be a severe embarrassment to the Leiria police who, as late as January 2018, confirmed that the two fires on October 15th, 2017 were set deliberately but has failed to make arrests.
The fires destroyed more than 80% of the Pinhal do Leiria forest, on what is considered as the worst day of 2017 for fires with firefighters already stretched to the limit. The fires of October 2017 killed 49 and injured 70, destroying nearly 1,500 houses.
TVI 24 states that details of the Pinhal de Leiria fire were planned and prices were decided for timber at a secret meeting in the basement of a restaurant. As if this was not bad enough, on the day the forest fire was set, the chances of it being put out by exhausted Bombeiros crews were at an all time low.
Ana Leal's source said that "if this gets out, I will get shot in the head."
As one blogger on dn.pt commented,
We all know that most of the fires have always been a business in Portugal, whether from the lumber sector, aircraft owners and companies that buy timber at derisory prices after the fires. Only those who do not want to see this do not believe it. Why is it only now that we are discussing using the air force and the army in protecting and fighting fires?"
+2 #4 Verjinie 2018-04-17 11:41
Quoting Maximillian:
That surely leaves one speechless! Very painful to read and see that some newspapers (like Público) avoid to write about it. Ana Leal is courageous. I hope there will be some action.
We can also sympathise with Amanda's rightly-emotional reaction.
May we pray for the safety of those who brought this to the attention of community-minded media.
Is there still hope for ethical business, banking and political practices?
+3 #3 Amanda Walker 2018-04-16 09:47
The owners of these timber companies should b shot, or better still, burned alive in their fires! This might stop any further attempts to create fires of this kind.
+4 #2 Dennis.P 2018-04-15 15:59
It is a well known fact and repeatedly pointed out here: fire damaged wood is bought at a substantially discounted rate when sold on to the lumber extractors, who have the specialist gear to work it. But each tree is obviously still at near enough its full weight for weighing at the pulp mills. The landowner isn't too bothered as they can re-plant with Brussels grants, or if sufficiently heavy get development permission. So build on the land. When will this scam ever end?
+11 #1 Maximillian 2018-04-14 15:45
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1896
|
__label__wiki
| 0.662558
| 0.662558
|
IBM Core Java Interview Questions
Explain pass by reference and pass by value?
Difference between an argument and a parameter?
Difference between String & StringBuffer
Howmany address lines are required to addressing 1 MB memory?
How are this and super used?
Explain Public static void main?
What are the common problems you have faced while implementing Java?
What is the difference between Trusted and Untrusted Applet ?
What is the difference between panel and frame ?
What is the difference between throw and throws?
What is the root class for all Java classes?
what do you meant by Runtime Polymorphism?
what are the differences between final,finally,finalize methods?
what are class,constructor and primitive data types?
what is a thread?
Post New IBM Core Java Interview Questions
What are generators in Python?
Explain the use of SN.exe
is goods in transit will be liable for entry tax ?
Case let 1 Trust them with knee-jerk reactions," said Vikram Koshy, CEO, Delta Software India, as he looked at the quarterly report of Top Line Securities, a well-known equity research firm. The firm had announced a downgrade of Delta, a company listed both on Indian bourses and the NASDAQ. The reason? "One out of every six development engineers in the company is likely to be benched during the remaining part of the year." Three analysts from Top Line had spent some time at Delta three weeks ago. Koshy and his team had explained how benching was no different from the problems of excess inventory, idle time, and surplus capacity that firms in the manufacturing sector face on a regular basis, "Delta has witnessed a scorching pace of 30 per cent growth during the last five years in a row," Koshy had said, "What is happening is a corrective phase." But, evidently, the analysts were unconvinced. Why Bench? Clients suddenly decide to cut back on IT spends Project mix gets skewed, affecting work allocation Employee productivity is set to fall, creating slack working conditions. High degree of job specialization leads to redundancy What are the options? Quickly cut costs in areas which are non-core look for learning’s from the manufacturing sector Focus on alternative markets like Europe and Japan Move into products, where margins are better. Of course, the Top Line report went on to cite several other "signals," as it said: the rate of annual hike in salaries at Delta would come down to 5 per cent (from between 20 and 30 per cent last year); the entry-level intake of engineers from campuses in June 2001, would decline to 5 per cent (unlike the traditional 30 per cent addition to manpower every year); and earnings for the next two years could dip by between 10 and 12 per cent. And the loftiest of them all: "The meltdown at Nasdaq is unlikely to reverse in the near future." "Some of the signals are no doubt valid. And ominous," said Koshy, addressing his A-Team, which had assembled for the routine morning meeting. "But, clearly, everyone is reading too much into this business of benching. In fact, benching is one of the many options that our principals in the US have been pursuing as part of cutting costs right since September, 2000. They are also expanding the share of off-shore jobs. Five of our principals have confirmed that they would outsource more from Delta in India-which is likely to hike their billings by about 30 per cent. At one level, this is an opportunity for us. At another, of course, I am not sure if we should be jubilant, because they have asked for a 25-30 per cent cut in billing rates. Our margins will take a hit, unless we cut costs and improve productivity." "Productivity is clearly a matter of priority now," said Vivek Varadan, Vice-President (Operations). "If you consider benching as a non-earning mode, we do have large patches of it at Delta. As you are aware, it has not been easy to secure 70 per cent utilization of our manpower, even in normal times. I think we need to look at why we have 30 per cent bench before examining how to turn it into an asset." "There are several reasons," remarked Achyut Patwardhan, Vice-President (HR). "And a lot of it has to do with the nature of our business, which is more project-driven than product-driven. When you are managing a number of overseas and domestic projects simultaneously, as we do at Delta, people tend to go on the bench. They wait, as they complete one project, and are assigned the next. There are problems of coordination between projects, related to the logistics of moving people and resources from one customer to another. In fact, I am fine-tuning our monthly manpower utilization report to provide a breakup of bench costs into Examination Paper Semester I: Human Resource Management IIBM Institute of Business Management specifics-leave period, training programmes, travel time, buffers, acclimatization period et al." "It would be worthwhile following the business model used by US principal Techno Inc," said Aveek Mohanty, Director (Finance). "The company has a pipeline of projects, but it does not manage project by project. What it does is to slice each project into what it calls 'activities'. For example, communication networking; user interface development; scheduling of processes are activities common to all projects. People move from one project to another. It is somewhat like the Activity Based Costing. It throws up the bench time straightaway, which helps us control costs and revenue better." "I also think we should reduce our dependence on projects and move into products," said Praveen Kumar, Director (Marketing). "That is where the opportunity for brand building lies. In fact, now is the time to get our technology guys involved in marketing. Multiskilling helps reduce the bench time." "Benching has an analogy in the manufacturing sector," said Girish Shahane, Vice-President (Services). "We could look for learning's there. Many firms have adopted Just-In-Time (JIT) inventory as part of eliminating idle time. It would be worthwhile exploring the possibility of JIT. But the real learning lies in standardization of work. It is linked to what Mohanty said about managing by activities." "At a broader level, I see several other opportunities," said Koshy, "We can fill in the space vacated by US firms and move up the value chain. But before we do so, Delta should consolidate its position as the premier outsourcing centre. Since there are only two ways in which we can generate revenue-sell expertise or sell products-we should move towards a mix of both. Tie-ups with global majors will help. Now is the time to look beyond the US and strike alliances with firms in Europe- and also Japan-as part of developing new products for global markets." Questions 1. Should benching be a matter of concern at Delta? 2. What are the risks involved in moving from a project- centric mode to a mix of projects and products?
How soon would you be able to relocate to Gurgaon?
1. I want to create an installment method payment term whereby my customer pays 50% as Advance Payment & 50% Net 45 days. How to configure the 50% advance payment term in OBB8 as system does not take negative days say -1 . I have created Z100 as 50% Advance Payment & 50% Net 45 days, Z101 as 50% Adv Pyt and Z102 as 50% Net 45 days in OBB8 and then assigned the same in OBB9 to Z100, 1, 50%, Z101 and Z100, 2, 50%, Z102. But the payment terms Z101 should be having -1 days instead of 0 days. How to configure this or achieve the payment term of advance payment? 2. My purpose is that during FB70, I should get a warning message that advance payment has not yet been received for this customer having this installment payment term Z100. It should not let me post the invoice unless 50% adv pyt has been received. At present we are not using Down Payment functionality. But I assume that without the Down Payment functionality the same cannot be achieved. Please confirm this. How can I achieve the above requirements? 3.Dear Group - Our Purchasing Dept has asked me to create a new payment term with the following terms: "Payable 90% upon delivery, 60 days net, 10% upon acceptance, 60 days net". So when we receive the invoice, we get a 10% discount off the total price, due within 60 days. The balance is due 60 days after that. Any ideas on how I would configure this using transaction OBB8. IT IS VERY URGENT FOR ME KINDLY SEND ME THE ANSWER ON MY E.ID-sahu.suryakanta@hotmail.com.
memorable call
If I want to check compability of software in a MAC OS then which steps shold I follow?
What are the main features and Characteristics of Hadoop which makes it the most popular and powerful Big Data tool?
sir,this is sudheer.just now idone my sap crm training.could u please send me faq.pls feel as u r brother.i would like to know one question.how many std quotation could u find in crm? pls send answer for this questions as well as faq's for my career.pls pls pls...... pls send to this E-mail: sudheer_mba7@yahoo.com.
Why didn't the Department set the salary threshold at a lower amount?
How will you suspend a running process and put it in the background?
How many File System Controls are there ? Explain.
1)Explain why the cradle guard is used on railway crossing in overhead line construction?
Power factor =1.000 at factory in supply. However, PF = 0.8 at motor end. Current = 100 Amp, Voltage = 400 V. What is the power distribution loss? Can I reduce it by adding capacitor at the load feeder?
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1897
|
__label__wiki
| 0.818165
| 0.818165
|
You Are Here: Home → Cowboys Release Receiver Dez Bryant
Cowboys Release Receiver Dez Bryant
als admin 04/13/2018
Cowboys wide receiver Dez Bryant went in for a touchdown against Packers cornerback LaDarius Gunter in the N.F.L. playoffs in January 2017.
Kevin Jairaj/USA Today Sports, via Reuters
Dez Bryant, the Dallas Cowboys’ fiery star receiver, was released on Friday.
“This was not an easy decision,” the team’s owner, Jerry Jones, said in a statement with few specifics. “It was made based upon doing what we believe is in the best interest of the Dallas Cowboys.
“Ultimately, we determined it was time to go in a new direction.”
Bryant, 29, is a passionate player known for highlight-reel catches. He was active on Twitter in the aftermath of the decision, saying: “Cowboy Nation, I need you to know this wasn’t my decision. I will always love y’all. Forever Dallas in my heart.”
Cowboy nation I need you to know this wasn’t my decision.. I will always love y’all… forever Dallas in my heart
Dez Bryant (@DezBryant)
If I didn’t have my edge I got it now… I’m sorry they got to feel me it’s personal… it’s very personal
He also implied that he might be looking to sign as a free agent with an N.F.L. team in the N.F.C. East, saying he hoped to play against the Cowboys twice a season.
The decision was announced after a meeting between Bryant and Jones on Friday.
Bryant’s release will save Dallas $8 million in valuable salary cap room. He was due to make a base salary of $12 million for the 2018 season.
A first-round draft pick out of Oklahoma State, Bryant is a three-time Pro Bowl player who spent eight seasons in Dallas. He led the league in receiving touchdowns in 2014. After a season in which he was limited by injuries, he bounced back in 2016, and last season he played every game and finished with 838 yards and six touchdowns, both team bests. But he also was among the league leaders in drops, with six.
Video of Dez Bryant making a juggling touchdown catch.Video by NFL
He was at the center of a controversy in the 2014 playoffs against the Green Bay Packers when he appeared to catch a fourth-down pass near the end zone late in the close game. But after a review, it was ruled that he failed to control the ball after he landed on the ground, part of the N.F.L.’s long disputed catch rule. The Cowboys lost the game and were eliminated.
Bryant was also known for occasionally making his feelings known hotly on the sideline. He had been faulted over the years for missing some team events.
The Cowboys’ remaining receiving corps also includes Cole Beasley and the Pro Bowl tight end Jason Witten. The team signed Allen Hurns from the Jacksonville Jaguars in free agency last month.
“To me, Dez Bryant is a Dallas Cowboy and should always be a Dallas Cowboy,” quarterback Dak Prescott told The Dallas Morning News in December.
Published at Fri, 13 Apr 2018 18:05:04 +0000
Browns Take Baker Mayfield at No. 1 Amid a Quarterback Frenzy
‘Divisive’ and ‘Disastrous’: The Most Biting Comments N.F.L. Owners Made About Trump
Saquon Barkley Tries to Bring Running Backs Into the Draft Spotlight
On Pro Football: Jets and Giants Share Something Else: High Stakes at the Draft
Estrella Burgos wins again at Ecuador Open
Vladimir Tarasenko, Blues tie up series with Predators in Game 2
With Serious Implications Set Aside, All-Star Game Loosens Its Collar
Leicester salvages FA Cup draw to avoid humbling at Derby
Chyna Thomas, Sister of Celtics’ Isaiah Thomas, Is Killed in a Car Crash
Bill Murray kisses camera at Pebble Beach Pro-Am
A Golfer Aiming to Save More Than Strokes on a Scorecard
Braden Holtby will be starter for Capitals against Penguins in Game 3
Mets 5, Braves 1: Robert Gsellman’s Strong Outing Gives Mets a Rare Road Win
China swings back at golf, shutting down 111 courses
Errani edges Bencic at Miami Open in former top-10 matchup
Blazers beat Nuggets to take 1-game lead for 8th seed
NBA asks State Department for clarity on Trump immigration order
Serving Up the Past and the Future at Orange Lawn
Review Finds ‘Tsunami’ of Fixed Matches in Lower Levels of Tennis
The Forgotten Home of Tennis’s Open Era
5 Black Women Were Told to Golf Faster. Then the Club Called the Police.
Patrick Reed Wins the Masters in a Breakthrough Performance
On Golf: Jordan Spieth Misses a Victory, but Gains Another Masters Memory
© Copyright 2017 AllSportsStream.com · Designed by Theme Junkie
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1898
|
__label__wiki
| 0.758616
| 0.758616
|
Democrats cheer Doug Jones’ victory
Democrats cheer Doug Jones' victory
By Brandon Moseley
The voters of Alabama went to the polls Tuesday and elected Doug Jones to be their next U.S. senator. The shocking come-from-behind victory was met with nationwide jubilation by Democrats and their allies.
Alabama Democratic Party Chair Nancy Worley said in a statement, “Tonight, the people of Alabama elected Doug Jones, a man of intelligence and character, to the United States Senate. Doug’s hard work, crisscrossing the state for weeks on end, paid off in a great victory for working families and the “kitchen table” issues that voters care about. He will continue to work hard to protect jobs for Alabamians, good schools, affordable health care and justice for everyone in our state.”
This is the first time that the Democrats have won a statewide race under Worley’s leadership.
Chairwoman Worley said, “This is a great victory for all Alabamians, and a clear signal that Alabama Democrats will be on the offensive and ready to win in 2018.
National Democratic Committee Chairman Tom Perez said, “We did it! Doug Jones has won Alabama’s special Senate election and is headed to Washington to become the state’s next U.S. Senator.”
“This is a victory for hardworking Alabama families and for Democrats nationwide,” Perez said. “Hundreds of thousands of supporters from all over the country rallied to make phone calls, send text messages, share social media posts, and donate whatever they could to help Doug get out the vote today. And we got the job done. Together.
“We’ve proven all year long that we can win anywhere when we invest in our state parties, mobilize the grassroots, and employ all of our best practices, tools, and technologies to help our candidates win,” Perez added. “We have all of the momentum heading into the new year — but we know that Trump and his Republicans are going to fight tooth and nail to keep control of Congress.”
“Tonight, we proved yet again that we can beat the GOP — with your help, we can take the fight to them in all 50 states,” Perez declared.
Staci Fox, President and CEO, Planned Parenthood Southeast Advocates said, “A victory for Doug Jones is a victory for Alabama and for women everywhere! On this day, Alabama elected a leader who has proven that he will fight for women, children, and families – no matter what. And on this day, Alabama took a stand for what is right. They took a stand for survivors of sexual assault and they trusted women. They made it clear that they will not tolerate this pervasive abuse of power – not in Alabama, and certainly not in the US Senate. Instead, Alabama elected a leader who embodies compassion, inclusivity, and integrity. We are honored to serve the people of Alabama and we look forward to working with Doug Jones to fight for access to reproductive health care for all.”
The Executive Vice Price President of the Planned Parenthood Action Fund Dawn Laguens said, “Today, Alabama voters sent a clear message: there is no place in the U.S. Senate for sexual predators, sexism, intolerance, or bigotry. Roy Moore tried to make this race about criminalizing abortion, and that failed. We applaud Alabama voters for choosing a champion that will fight to protect access to birth control, cancer screenings, and reproductive health care across the state and country. We will proudly support Doug Jones as he upholds a woman’s right to make her own healthcare decisions without politicians interfering.”
House Majority PAC Executive Director Charlie Kelly said, “Congratulations to Senator-Elect Doug Jones on a tremendous victory in Alabama. In what was deemed an improbable win, voters across Alabama sent a loud and clear message that will resonate across the country—the politics of progress and solutions defeated the politics of hate and division. Moreover, it’s clear that voters are tired of the failed policies pushed by Paul Ryan, Mitch McConnell and Donald Trump. While Doug Jones put forward a thoughtful, results-oriented agenda focused on lifting up hardworking Alabama families, Roy Moore ran a negative, dishonest, scandal ridden campaign focused on bitterness and stoking cultural divides. This victory proves that voters won’t stand for the toxic policies and divisive rhetoric pushed by a candidate like Roy Moore and a Republican party that supported his appalling campaign.”
Conservation Alabama congratulates Doug Jones on his election to the United States Senate.
“The people of Alabama have chosen a senator that will stand up for our shared conservation values in Washington,” Conservation Alabama Executive Director Tammy Herrington said. “We look forward to working with Doug Jones to protect our state’s lands and water and the people and communities that rely on them.”
The League of Conservation Voters Action Fund endorsed Doug Jones for U.S. Senate in October.
“Jones’ election means that Alabama has a champion in our corner for federal policies like the Clean Water Act and the Land and Water Conservation Fund,” said Herrington. “These protections make our state safer every day and preserve our natural resources for future generations of Alabamians to enjoy.”
Jones is expected to be sworn in some time in January.
Related Topics:2018 electionCharlie KellyConservation AlabamaDemocratic PartyDon LagoonsDoug JonesPlanned ParenthoodRoy MooreSenateSpecial ElectionStaci FoxTammy HerringtonTom Perez
A change in Alabama
Shelby praises SEC appointment of William Duhnke to be PCAOB chairman
Brandon Moseley is a senior reporter with six and a half years at Alabama Political Reporter. You can email him at [email protected] or follow him on Facebook.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1900
|
__label__cc
| 0.70542
| 0.29458
|
The Future of TWHL Created 8 years ago2011-01-31 06:49:13 UTC by AJ
Created 8 years ago2011-01-31 06:49:13 UTC by AJ
Posted 8 years ago2011-02-02 03:17:36 UTC Post #289935
Yea something that catches game/ computer technology development and growth in general. GamersExpansion.com
Gamersdevelopmentrealm.com too broad?
compconstruct.com
Goldenresources.com
Goldengamersourse.com / Goldengameresources.com
Thewholegamer.com
Rimrook
I give up. :<
RimrookGoldsource Guru
Soup Miner
Without knowing exactly what audience this new community will cater to, it's nigh impossible to come up with that perfect name. We know that it'll support more engines. Will it be a select few engines or will it be ANY engine that is or will be? Which other aspects of game modding will be supported aside from mapping? Will it support entirely new game creation? If these aren't even hammered out yet, the name can wait, IMHO.
I'm not really sure what you mean by "same content, same community" now, because the others posts seem to suggest that the content will be vastly expanded upon, but it's completely unknown as to what extent.
Edit: I have no idea what's going on anymore, I'm out of this thread.
So essentially you want to STEAL Atom's site and want us to come up with a new name for your operation, while you pretend to cater to an unknown new audience. I'm not sure this will work.
I'd REALLY try to contact Atom in any way possible. He can't just vanish from existence.
What if we don't like this new audience, what if they go against our belief system by not wearing hats?
No decisions have been made at this point, it's only a discussion at the moment. I want to create a new TWHL site, but I'm not going to if I only have my current limited access to the hosting. There's also the fact that I have no control at all over the hosting, and because of this, it's possible that TWHL could disappear overnight at any time.
We have had some contact with atom and he was supportive of the idea to transfer the website onto hosting that we control. Halfway through organising the details, we stopped getting any email replies from him. The last message we got from him was over three months ago.
At this point we have to assume that atom either cant or wont talk to us. In either case, the only way the site can improve is to move the site to a host that we can control. We can't redirect the domain, because we can't contact atom. We can't get another TWHL domain, because none are available. We want to open the site up to other games and engines, but the site name almost forbids this.
Stu claims that we are trying to "steal" TWHL from atom. You really think this? I think if atom had any feeling of ownership of TWHL, he would log in once in a while. I feel that ownership of TWHL has been passed down from atom to Seventh, and then to Ant and myself. Each of us have improved TWHL in our own way, making it unique, making it ours. In my opinion, this is the next logical step.
As for scope, theoretically, the site would still focus mainly on the creation of maps for any engine that provides a map editor of some sort. We wouldn't try to compete with a site like ModDB (which is mainly for mods), it would be more like the same style of site content, and so on.
There would be a much bigger focus on MOTM and various other 'featured map' kind of things. All the tutorials would be put into a less-restrictive wiki type thing. Basically, imagine TWHL except with more engines enabled in the vault, as well as an improved, more polished, more modern website.
Hosting the site ourselves would also mean we don't have to worry about storage formats, file sizes, file limits, and so on. We could increase the maximum size of uploads allowed to the vault. We could allow texture packs, models, sounds, screenshots, and so on to be uploaded without having to worry about running out of space. There's a ton of other nice improvements that we could add to the site if we had proper control over the hosting.
I only want to help the website evolve and improve. I like the TWHL name, and would miss it if it went away, but sometimes changes are necessary to move on. I hope that helps you understand why we are thinking about this.
We want to open the site up to other games and engines, but the site name almost forbids this.
This is will probably destroy the community's original character and will bring lots of spammers. That being said, you're not building up this community to a higher level. You are destroying it and creating another.
Sure, it will be almost the same, until there will be lots of newcomers.
We can't assume it's going to be famous, but I bet none of us wants our community to become something like facepunch, where a shitstorm is born everyday.
I am not against this, evolution is part of our lives. But damn it, I'll shed a tear when TWHL will be gone.
StrikerI seriously doubt myself
TheGrimReafer
"I bet none of us wants our community to become something like facepunch
Ill personally assure that wont happen.
TheGrimReaferADMININATOR
Just like growing up.
JessieLadytype
I'm not entirely sure why you're all against newcomers. New people bring fresh ideas, more creativity and more friends. Yes, we will get out fair share of spam like any site does, but there's nothing that can be done about that.
Think of it this way: if you arrived at what looked like a fantastic site with great learning resources, a stock pile of excellent maps and a friendly community and was then shunned by that same community, how would you feel?
There's literally about 30-40 people who actively visit the site at the moment. That's visit, not contribute. That number will keep on declining, as it has been for a good while now.
Shitstorms are built by the community. It's your job, as the regulars and lovers of this site, to ensure that if the community grows, it grows in a friendly, helpful and entertaining manner. Acting hostile to new blood is what causes shitstorms in the first place. When I originally joined, the people here treated me incredibly well (even with my lack of knowledge of proper forum protocol). I was never publicly spoken down to or ignored. Everyone joined in and contributed possible solutions to problems and new ideas sprang forward often. Believe you me, I'm far more rosy-eyed about TWHL than most of you.
TWHL won't ever be gone unless you all start thinking that way. Have some optimism,remember what brought you all together and then embrace the fact that you're shaping a bigger, potentially greater community.
AJGlorious Overlord
Personally, I think it's time for a change anyway. I'm not a very sentimental person, I'll miss the name but I won't stop it leaving.
As long as all the awesome people who are here now head into the fray of a new face for TWHL as well... The only way to go is up.
Stojke
EnginePlanet?
TheMinistryOfMapping TMOM
MappersUnite
I think it needs to be something that represents mapping in general, for all games...
StojkeOPL - 3
ninja defuse
never ever @#!@#!@ planet in domain name
my vote goes to goldandsource
The Whole Mapping Life
JeffMOD
I like TWHL the way it is. True, newcomers would be nice, if they were decent people, but I don't want the site to be crowded. Honestly, I like knowing all the regulars, I like being familiar with the people I talk to.
As for increasing file size limits, more download sections, and maybe even that project vault idea Pengiunboy proposed a while ago with the project forums, info, etc, for individual mods (hint hint) I'm all for it. But I don't want TWHL to lose it's focus on Source and Goldsource. I wouldn't mind having maps/mods on other engines uploaded occasionally, as long as they were labeled with the correct engine. But nothing would bother me more than clicking on the latest map by someone, with a really good screenshot, then find I can't play it because it's for Cryengine. Perhaps things for other engines would have the engine on one of these underneath the screenshot?
When I originally joined, the people here treated me incredibly well (even with my lack of knowledge of proper forum protocol)
That's one of the things I loved about this community from the start. But I feel that if TWHL were to grow too large, this would be lost. The small size contributes, at least in part, to the closeness of the community, and the kindness everyone feels towards each other.
Anyway, that's my 2 cents. Oh, and we need more source tutorials.
JeffMODCall 141.12
Oh, and we need more source tutorials.
I applied for one but nobody responded.
Suparsonik
maps4all.com?
themaptrap.com?
Suparsonik#fartbag
RabidMonkey
it's a trap!
RabidMonkeymapmapmapfapmap
kdunivan
@everyone: and please don't take this the wrong way....
I don't think any of you realize how dire the situation is. If you could read and possibly read between the lines then you WOULD realize what is being said.
it's possible that TWHL could disappear overnight at any time.
Are you reading this and have you all figured out that this could very well happen and if it did then we would ALL be left in the void without any idea of how to reconnect with anyone.
I think we need to get our heads out of our arshes and think of a good name cause it has been made very clear that TWHL is NOT going to be in the new name. Get over it people, you act like you are loosing your girlfriend.
It's a freakin website, not your personal platform to be an ass; although I am quite good at that myself. I know we are all comfortable here. I don't like the crap any more than any of you but I am willing to change.
Call the site whatever you want. It is NOT the name that makes the site necessarily. It's the people, and we have a great group here.
And Ant is right, why are you all so afraid of new people? It's taken me awhile to fit in here and I have been here forever. You people are harsh sometimes, and you know it. And personally, 30-40 people is not enough people to keep a website running. You might as well just have a blog.
Stop being selfish!
WorldCrafters.com and we make Soup an Administrator, of course.
I like ya Soup, even if you don't like me.
There are other platforms of communication other than a forum y'know
ANYWAY! If this site could go down overnight, STOP TRYING TO PICK A NAME START DEVELOPING!
I suggest everyone get into the TWHL Steam group or Twitter or some other non-TWHL way of getting info about developments, admins organize something and let us know. If I may suggest, Grim has some amazing web dev talents that could add to the work force.
So get going!
Stu claims that we are trying to "steal" TWHL from atom. You really think this?
To be honest, I was just kidding. Some things one can't express correctly using text.
There's a counter point to your plan, however. Assume you finally give up on Atom and move everything to a new server. But Atom doesn't know that, so now he's paying for an empty server. Or worse, a server that holds the old TWHL as it was the day the new site was launched, confusing the situation even further. New users will come across the "old", abandoned TWHL and will leave disappointed in a few days seeing it's deserted, or stick around and interact with other new clueless members, forming a sub-community.
Perhaps it needs more thought.
Out of all suggestions for a new name, I liked the "Map Vault" one the most.
Change is inevitable, we must adapt to survive. If that means changing the name, or supporting more engines, I'm fine with that.
If the need for a programmer arises, I would love to help!
New users will come across the "old", abandoned TWHL and will leave disappointed in a few days seeing it's deserted
We have enough control over the site to throw in a redirect at least.
There is another reason why we're proposing a such a bold move. As mentioned in my first post, the Admin team have full-time jobs and various other commitments. Rebuilding a website takes a lot of time. If we decide to keep things the same when we do the rebuild, we'd be putting in all this time and effort for the 40 people that visit the site.
As for the issue raised concerning the confusion surrounding 'what engine a map is for', the design would obviously make it clear. This version of TWHL was designed to not branch away from the previous version, so there's a lot of problems with the interface. I've done enough web design to know how to properly separate content (part of my real job is web designing), so there's no need to worry about that. Frankly, it's not exactly a reason not to pursue more engines.
Then it's settled. Map Vault it is.
Stu: I'm almost 100% sure that the only reason TWHL is still hosted right now is because atom hosts all his other websites on the same hosting plan. What we'd be doing is removing TWHL's bandwidth use on his servers. And we are able to put in a .htaccess redirect or something similar.
But, meantime, if he hasn't paid for any of it then the whole kit and kaboodle could go down at any minute. Does anyone know if he has been cut off from the rest of the world with Egypt cutting 90% of their internet?
Anyone have a web route map of the world?
I am fully aware that most people would be in the direct loop and would be advised if something major happened and the site went down for a month or two. Not everyone on the site has that direct communication though.
All I am saying is I would hate for the site to just blank out. It has been said already that this probably would not be the case.
@Penguinboy: Couldn't most or all of the content be simply moved without being recoded? Don't know much about PHP. All I know is that it creates the pages on the fly. Is there some sort of PHP Engine that you can't get to?I know you want to remake the site but you could move it temporarily until you get the newer code. Then you could take more time. And it would appease the people more if they made a slower transition to a newer site format. I remember the old site and it was a litle bit of a shock to move to TWHL2. I liked it once I was on for a couple of weeks. Whichever, just a suggestion.
WORLDCRAFTERS.COM is the best I can come up with. lol
We can move it without changing it. Thing is though, it's a great chance for us to redesign it properly and rebuild it: I know PB is itching to do it. We can certainly move it to a new server in the interim and have a basic redirect setup.
In the short term, it would save you alot of hassle, and like I said, give you more time to design it the way you want. And possibly give me time for needed input from the community itself.
I know we speak of the 40 but really there are far more people that stop in and possibly never come back. I really like the idea of opening up to other engines and possible other ways of thinking about things. This is all I have ever really pushed for on this site.
We all love Half Life 1 and it's ultimate ease of use. It will always be there and we should not turn our back on our benefactors. Without it, we wouldn't all be here having this discussion. Change is good though.
It will be sad to see the name changed...
What can you do? lol
hlife_hotdog
You know, I only just got back and couldn't be bummed reading what everyone wrote, but I would kinda be sad if it got changed. It would feel like when they change the name of a popular stadium to some commercial name, like Crazy John's Statium. I understand why though, but I would greatly miss the old domain (not to mention the mysterious free domain we got here, who would pay for the new hosting?)
hlife_hotdogForever
PB and I would be paying.
Captain Terror
Maptown?
zeeba: i rather like "TheWholeGamer" =)
Captain Terrorwhen a man loves a woman
. It would feel like when they change the name of a popular stadium to some commercial name, like Crazy John's Statium
Agree with that. Changing the name to something like MapVault would be almost like changing Coca-Cola to "The black beverage".
Or McDonalds to Fatland.
saw1833
I think the opposite of that. Our name kind of sucks really. The Whole Half-Life. Kay... so we have a whole... half-life. So this like changing "The Dark Brown Soft Drink (because Coke isn't black)" into Coca-Cola.
I think the first step that should be made is moving THIS TWHL to a new server, THEN designing it so that if we do lose hosting, we'll already be gone, leaving no confusion.
(because Coke isn't black)
And the water isn't blue...
If you understand me.
Technically, no kind of matter is ANY color. Only light has color, which is reflected off of matter
Don Punch
1 thing i have to add to this conversation is;
In my experience in hosting servers is, that when rumors or talks begin about changing the host, that it causes instability within your population.
I agree that not knowing the future of the hosting situation calls for action by those who have a vested interest in the site, but unless you already have the means and plans to start this new site, you should not be discussing it in an open forum like this.
A name is useless without the workload behind it to make it happen.
On another note, there are countless links on various places that would be broken. I know this was covered, but I find this to be a primary source for new members.
Also, with a current active population of 30-50, I wouldnt worry about that too much, I would work on building a new community using your current members are promoters.
Last I would like to add, that by spending about 5 mins on the web, I have 'Atoms' real name, address, email, and phone number. I don't think it would be impossible to contact him concerning such an important issue.
If one of the admins wants that info, just pm me, since I dont want to post his private info here.(if you cant find it yourself that is)
What ever happens, I will continue to support this and any new community who's focus is on the modding community.
Don Punch: We have already been in contact with atom, as PB mentioned earlier in this thread. He has, for the last few months, not returned any of our emails. We did the exact same thing you did to get this information.
Links are easy to rebuild.
This thread was not to primarily come up with new names. It was to communicate future plans and for others to contribute to them.
That's the general idea, but it seems that a lot here are against an influx of newcomers.
Given newcomers come with SOME prior knowledge of what they are doing, then yeah. If we launch and they come here looking for Unreal help and we don't have it, it might be difficult to keep new members for other engines. So anyone who knows anything about other engines besides gold/source will have to keep on their toes.
More like Lazytown yuk yuk.
MapVault.net
It might not be the rarest idea, but I wonder if you guys gave any thought to what Don said: Did you try using the phone? That he can't escape from
Crollo
Unless it's his work number that he no longer works in, or his home phone and he doesn't answer\strangers, or it could just be a dead number period.
There's also little need to bother someone over the phone for such a thing, although desperate times I'm sure he would mind it interrupting his personal life.
CrolloTrollo
I'm going to back up all of the stuff I uploaded to the site since I don't exactly have all of it. :>
Dunno about you guys, but I'm not exactly going to call South Africa from Australia.
gimme his number i can do it.
i dont think i can either.
Guys, this isnt 1982.
Long distance is like 10 cents a min. Give me your paypal. I'll send you a quater and you guys can sort out the details.
but all joking aside, someone should try a phone call. I'm sure it would all turn out nicely.
Change for the "better" is good. Its time to up grade. I still use the goldsource because compiles are fast but it can't handle most of my ideas... I got a buddy from school that uses udk I just met. Maybe he'll teach me a thing or two and I can intro. him to the good old quick and basic gold. Either way changing is fine. But have a plan "what engines it will incorporate according to current tech." and what it will expand to......
@captain, agreed; that was a good name.
I also liked compconstruct.com
Given newcomers come with SOME prior knowledge of what they are doing, then yeah.
This is why I wouldn't support a site for 30-40 people. You might as well swap steam id's and have a big chat party everyday.
I thought we were supposed to be supporting...
Skals
Stealing is bad, Mkay?
SkalsGame / Level Designer
Processed in an annoyingly delicious 1189 milliseconds.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1902
|
__label__wiki
| 0.572063
| 0.572063
|
Teneketzis K., Margaritoulis D. 2001
Fisheries interaction on marine turtles (Caretta caretta and Chelonia mydas) in Lakonikos Bay, southern Peloponnesus. Pages 321-324 in Proceedings of the 10th Panhellenic Conference of Ichthyologists, Chania, 18-20 October 2001 (in Greek with abstract in English).
Irvine C., Margaritoulis D., Arapis T. 2000.
The role of a non-governmental organization in sea turtle conservation and management planning in Greece. Pages 49-52 in Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Conservation and Biology (compilers: H. Kalb, T. Wibbels). South Padre Island, Texas, USA. 2-6 March 1999. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-443. National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Miami, USA.
Katselidis K., Dimopoulos D. 2000.
The impact of tourist development on loggerhead nesting activity at Daphni beach, Zakynthos, Greece. Pages 75-77 in Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Sea Turtle Symposium (compilers: F. A. Abreu-Grobois, R. Briseño-Dueñas, R. Márquez-Millán, L. Sarti-Martinez). Mazatlán, Mexico, 3-7 March 1998. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-436. National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Miami, USA.
Creation of talented animators for environmental education. Pages 85-87 in Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Sea Turtle Symposium (compilers: F. A. Abreu-Grobois, R. Briseño-Dueñas, R. Márquez-Millán, L. Sarti-Martinez). Mazatlán, Mexico, 3-7 March 1998. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-436. National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Miami, USA.
Portable environmental education kits in Greece: Their philosophy, design and use. Page 203 in Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Conservation and Biology (compilers: H. Kalb, T. Wibbels). South Padre Island, Texas, USA. 2-6 March 1999. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-443. National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Miami, USA.
Lazar B., Margaritoulis D., Tvrtkovic N. 2000.
Migrations of the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) into the Adriatic sea. Pages 101-102 in Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Sea Turtle Symposium (compilers: F. A. Abreu-Grobois, R. Briseño-Dueñas, R. Márquez-Millán, L. Sarti-Martinez). Mazatlán, Mexico, 3-7 March 1998. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-436. National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Miami, USA.
An estimation of the overall nesting activity of the loggerhead turtle in Greece. Pages 48-50 in Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Sea Turtle Symposium (compilers: F. A. Abreu-Grobois, R. Briseño-Dueñas, R. Márquez-Millán, L. Sarti-Martinez). Mazatlán, Mexico, 3-7 March 1998. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-436. National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Miami, USA.
Marine turtles in the Mediterranean: Population status and conservation. Pages 262-280 in Proceedings of the Fifth Medmaravis Symposium “Monitoring and conservation of birds, mammals and sea turtles of the Mediterranean and Black Seas”(editors: P. Yésou, J. Sultana). Gozo, Malta, 29 September-3 October 1998. Environment Protection Department, Floriana, Malta.
Margaritoulis D., Arapis T. 2000.
Mediterranean sea turtles in need of a regional conservation strategy. Pages 52-53 in Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Conservation and Biology (compilers: H. Kalb, T. Wibbels). South Padre Island, Texas, USA. 2-6 March 1999. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-443. National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Miami, USA.
Rees A., Michalopoulos M., Margaritoulis D. 2000.
Monitoring and nest protection of the loggerhead colony in Kyparissia Bay, Greece, during 1997. Page 209 in Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Sea Turtle Symposium (compilers: F. A. Abreu-Grobois, R. Briseño-Dueñas, R. Márquez-Millán, L. Sarti-Martinez). Mazatlán, Mexico, 3-7 March 1998. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-436. National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Miami, USA.
Schofield G., Kopsida H. 2000.
Head injury rehabilitation of sea turtles - The positive side of a negative conundrum. Pages 41-43 in Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Conservation and Biology (compilers: H. Kalb, T. Wibbels). South Padre Island, Texas, USA. 2-6 March 1999. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-443. National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Miami, USA.
Schofield G., Kopsida H., Dimopoulos D., Margaritoulis D. 2000.
Necrotic limbs: Amputation and treatment. Pages 274-276 in Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Sea Turtle Symposium (compilers: F. A. Abreu-Grobois, R. Briseño-Dueñas, R. Márquez-Millán, L. Sarti-Martinez). Mazatlán, Mexico, 3-7 March 1998. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-436. National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Miami, USA.
Sioris J., Teneketzis K., Sarasitis S., Margaritoulis D. 2000.
A strategy for raising public awareness and inviting local participation : the example of Stavros, the green turtle in Lakonikos Bay, Greece. Page 208 in Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Conservation and Biology (compilers: H. Kalb, T. Wibbels). South Padre Island, Texas, USA. 2-6 March 1999. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-443. National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Miami, USA.
Teneketzis K., Margaritoulis D. 2000.
. Incidental capture of marine turtles (Caretta caretta and Chelonia mydas) by trawling fishing gear in Lakonikos Bay, southern Peloponnesus. Pages 85-88 in Proceedings of the 9th Panhellenic Conference of Ichthyologists, Mesologhi, 20-23 January 2000 (in Greek with abstract in English).
Margaritoulis D., Teneketzis K., Sioris I. 1999
Indications for permanent presence of the green turtle Chelonia mydas in Lakonikos Bay, southern Greece. Page 93 in Abstracts of the 8th International Congress on the Zoogeography and Ecology of Greece and Adjacent Regions. Kavala, Greece, 17-21 May 1999. The Hellenic Zoological Society, Greece.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1907
|
__label__wiki
| 0.925273
| 0.925273
|
People who make places for people
Partnership & Performance
Work-experience
Conformity is the enemy of progressive design - Argent have the vision to see past the predictable, to see the whole and to see it done well.
Fiona Naylor Johnson Naylor
Argent was founded in 1981 by Michael and Peter Freeman. Both remain engaged with the business, which has now been ‘developing well’ for over 30 years.
Argent is founded by Michael and Peter Freeman.
Argent carries out more than 20 projects, mainly office and warehouse developments around the M25, with institutional, venture capital and contractor partners.
David Partridge, Roger Madelin and Tony Giddings, now (respectively) managing partner and former partners, join.
Argent disposes of most of its holdings before the market crash.
Argent re-enters development with the purchase of the 17 acre Brindleyplace site in central Birmingham. Gary Taylor joins Argent.
During the downturn, Argent builds a large commercial property investment portfolio in partnership with US private equity house, Warburg Pincus.
Argent floats on London Stock Exchange for £150 million. Stephen Tillman joins Argent.
Argent Development Consortium Limited – a joint venture with BT Pension Scheme (“BTPS”) and Citigroup – is formed to carry out several hundred million pound development programme at Brindleyplace, Thames Valley Park, Reading and in the City of London.
Argent wins Developer of the Year and Financial Innovation of the Year. Freeman brothers jointly win Property Personality of the Year.
BTPS purchases Argent at Net Asset Value of £240 million and takes the company private. Later in the year, Argent’s £400 million gross investment portfolio is transferred to BTPS, managed by Hermes. Argent’s development projects are transferred to Argent Projects Partnerships (“APP”), a new partnership between Argent and the Freeman brothers. Roger Madelin becomes chief executive.
Jim Prower (former partner) and André Gibbs, now partner, join. David Partridge, Tony Giddings and Jim Prower are appointed board directors.
Through APP, Argent carries out major office and mixed use projects in central London, the Thames Valley, central Manchester and central Birmingham, including headquarters buildings for Bank of New York, BT, Deloitte, Lloyds Bank, Logica, Prudential and RBS. A further APP undertakes a major long-term project in South Wales in partnership with Miller Group.
James Heather, (former partner), joins.
Argent is selected as the developer of 67 acres at King’s Cross. The agreement with the landowners, London & Continental Railways and the DHL Supply Chain, provides for a long-term 50:50 development partnership. Stephen Tillman and Gary Taylor become directors of Argent.
Peter Hazell becomes chairman. Robert Evans, now a partner, joins.
Richard Meier, (former partner), joins.
Robert Evans and André Gibbs become board directors.
The London Borough of Camden grants outline planning permission for 8 million sq ft of development at King’s Cross. David Partridge becomes joint chief executive of Argent with Roger Madelin.
Mike Lightbound, now a partner, joins.
The King’s Cross Central Limited Partnership (‘KCCLP’) is formed and Sir David Clementi is appointed Non-Executive Chairman.
Infrastructure work commences and KCCLP agrees its first major deal at King’s Cross. Work starts on the conversion of the Granary Complex for Central Saint Martins new campus – part of University of the Arts London.
In Manchester, Argent (via an APP) and the Greater Manchester Property Venture Fund join forces to develop the 285,000 sq ft One St. Peter’s Square. The building is part pre-let to KPMG.
Nick Searl, now a partner, joins.
£340 million of infrastructure work is completed or committed at King’s Cross. Major pre-lettings to Aga Khan Development Network (five buildings), 185,000 sq ft headquarter building for Camden Council, a 340,000 sq ft office pre-let to BNP Paribas Real Estate and 1,000,000 sq ft deal with Google for their UK headquarters. 180,000 sq ft of speculative office development starts construction. Over 500 homes are completed and occupied with hundreds more under construction.
Argent undergoes internal reorganisation to establish an LLP, to carry on its development and asset management services role.
Argent moves its London office to King’s Cross. In all three Argent locations, we can now call one of the buildings we have developed a home.
The King’s Cross development is proceeding at pace: One, Two, Five and Seven Pancras Square complete, all fully-let to commercial tenants; the historic German Gymnasium is taken by restaurant group D+D London; and the site wins in nine categories at New London Architecture’s annual awards. Paradise Circus appoints Eric Parry Architects for its first building, and announces the start of construction for 2015.
Ffos-y-fran Land Reclamation Scheme Merthyr Tydfil
A joint venture with The Miller Group Limited, reclaiming 1,000 acres of derelict land, extracting coal in the process using surface mining methods.
Argent sold its interest in the reclamation scheme in January 2016.
In March, Argent forms a joint venture with US developer Related, to pursue the development of urban projects of scale in London and the UK. Argent Related is the vehicle through which Argent and Related will exclusively pursue all future projects in the UK.
Also in March, Argent Related is selected as the preferred partner for Barnet Council in the development of Brent Cross South, London – a project which will provide 7,000 new homes and 4.2 million sq ft of commercial space.
The London Borough of Haringey in March announces plans for a new joint venture at Tottenham Hale, a London Housing Zone. Argent starts working with the Borough and Hermes Investment Management on the creation of 2,000 new homes and 400 new jobs.
In April, James Wates CBE is appointed as a Non-Executive to the Argent Board.
In January, the UK government announced the sale of its investment in the King’s Cross redevelopment to Australian Super, Australia’s biggest superannuation/pension funds run only to profit members. The Fund manages more than $AUD91 billion of members’ assets on behalf of more than two million members from across 210,000 businesses. King’s Cross is its first direct London investment and only its second in the UK. Anna Strongman and Will Colthorpe become Partners. Phil Sullivan, Phil Tait, Rob Groves and Steve Alderson become Directors.
Argent and joint investor Tameside have completed on the sale of the Elisabeth House structure holding One St Peter’s Square to Deka.
An ambitious new programme to transform Tottenham Hale was announced in July 2016, as Haringey Council confirmed it will enter a strategic partnership with Argent Related. The regeneration of Tottenham Hale represents the first phase of London’s largest Housing Zone in Tottenham. The partnership with Argent Related will deliver a range of around 800 homes (including market sale, build to rent and affordable) around the Tottenham Hale transport hub, with Victoria line, National Rail and future Crossrail 2 services.
Argent Related submit proposals for its major redevelopment of central Tottenham Hale. The London Borough of Haringey resolved to grant permission for the scheme to go ahead. The development encompasses five pieces of land earmarked for change, supporting Haringey Council’s vision of a new ‘district centre’ for the area.
© 2019 Argent (Property Development) Services LLP
Argent (Property Development) Services LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in England (No. OC370009).
A list of members is available for inspection at our registered office: 4 Stable Street, London N1C 4AB.
Any reference to a partner in relation to Argent (Property Development) Services LLP is a reference to a member of that LLP.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1908
|
__label__wiki
| 0.607454
| 0.607454
|
Battles Magazine Back Issues Now in PDF
Battles Magazine #12 Preview
RIP Don Dehm ~ Gamer, Podcaster, and Beer Nerd
Riding to battle in style!
Armchair Dragoons Upcoming Expeditions
Origins Game Fair 2020:
in 10 months, 29 days, 4 hours
After-Action Reports
Wargame Night
Professional Wargaming: Game Design at the Command & General Staff College
Brant Guillory, 1 December 2018
The US Army Command & General Staff College (CGSC) recently launched a new program for students there to pursue an interest in game and sims for training purposes, and end up with a Masters Degree at the end of it all. We’ve got a more detailed conversation coming up with Dr James Sterrett, who oversees the program, but for now, we thought we’d have a chat with a few of the students who recently completed their degrees and are now back in circulation in the Army, equipped with a wider toolbox of gaming experience.
Justin Williamson is a member of the US State Department who was attending some advanced schooling alongside the military.
MAJ David Clayton is an artillery officer currently assigned to a digital liaison attachment in Korea.
What’s your gaming background (if any)? Was there much exposure to professional military wargaming beyond the usual MDMP / training exercises?
Mr Williamson: I have been wargaming since childhood with the only American Heritage series, a multi-level submarine game, a cool tank game, the great Carrier Strike and others.
For board wargames, my first experience was my dad getting us to play Avalon Hill’s Luftwaffe. Then in 1978 or 1979, I became engrossed in the original Squad Leader, Third Reich, and Bismark and numerous others. Then in the mid-80s the Milton Bradley Axis and Allies and the like started to take up more time. In the 90s it was the computer wargames (actually it started in 80 or 81 with Cris Crawford’s Eastern Front).
Then, as with everyone life gets in the way from the late 90s until about 2015 when I went into a game store in the DC area and saw ASL Starter Kit 1. I thought, “What in the world? Is this still being published? Are people still playing old wargames?” And next thing you know I was hooked back into it. VASSAL became very important as my assignment took me to different countries where finding wargamers wasn’t going to be easy.
MAJ Clayton: I am not what you consider a “gamer.” I came into the MMAS program from MCTP (Mission Command Training Program), operating as a commander for they Hybrid Threat Divisions. I see the MMAS wargaming less as a hobby and a resource to apply to our military wargaming development. It can be apply to change an individual or groups cognitive thinking. Or applied to a scenario in order to develop creative thinking and move away from the standard manual tactical and operational moves.
What inspired you to tackle this program?
Mr Williamson: Well, with my long history, I thought it would be fun to get into the nitty-gritty of designing one from start to finish. Everyone who plays games modifies the rules of all games from time to time, but I had never designed one from scratch.
MAJ Clayton: My time with MCTP, Canadian Army, and NATO-France. Armies that lack resources conduct scenario design training and it provides considerable value that cannot be attained through NTC tactical training. Analog scenarios can provide the same value but with minimal resources.
What was the biggest misconception you had going in that got shattered? How quickly did it happen?
MAJ Clayton: Scenarios do not provide absolute answers. Too many realistic variables to obtain resolution. Using realistic current scenarios may be as harmful as it is helpful. The subject immediately associates answers because the simulation represents and equation. This may be a cognitive perception trap and has to be addressed to each player.
Mr Williamson: How easy it would be. There’s just a staggering number of variables that need to be considered when designing a game. Everything from who the target audience is to mechanics to the graphics requires a great deal of work and each influences the other.
What was the most enjoyable part of the curriculum and what made it fun?
Mr Williamson: Seeing what each person came up with and how they brought their experiences into the game. There are two that stick out to me: a neat Civil War game where logistics played a very important role in the game, more so than any other game I have played, and this intelligence operating game that was to teach players how to integrate all sorts of intelligence assets on the battlefield. I don’t think the intelligence game designer stayed with the program, but I think his game in its final form would have been great.
MAJ Clayton: Developing new simulation techniques. I develop my games from a standard, minimal base and build upon them. Some mechanics work well as a stand along, but may not fit into the entire game design. As you conduct game plays you are constantly trying to achieve a healthy balance with the mechanisms; as well as with entertainment. Entertainment facilitates though process.
What did your peers in other programs think of you taking courses about games & simulations?
Mr Williamson: Nobody ever said anything different than any other program. It was just another program that peers didn’t care one way or the other.
MAJ Clayton: At first they thought the program was easy, but quickly realized the work associated with the program. Many enjoyed listening to our game systems and the mechanisms used to conduct simulations. In the end, almost all were impressed with the possible applications of our game designs.
What was the toughest part of the program for you, and why?
MAJ Clayton: Finding an end point. The game system can always be built upon. As a creator you are always striving for perception. You will never achieve it. I wanted to expand the logistical mechanics of the simulation, but could not achieve a happy medium. I needed an outside perspective to tell me to stop and be happy with the current design.
Mr Williamson: Two aspects: On the technical side, I’m not a computer graphics person or anything, so designing components and maps and all that was very painful for me consumed far too much of my time because I was not only designing a game but also having to learn how to use basic computer graphics programs that others were naturals at.
On the design side: the toughest part was taking my subject, the current conflict in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, and the thousands of variables that influence the battle and reducing them all to a manageable size that gives a game that captures what is going on, but is still playable. Not easy.
For example, out of all the armed groups, which ones do you use in the game? How do you simulate poaching? How do you model the importance of mineral mines on the conflict? How do you simulate confusion over chain of command and joint operations? What about weather? Diseases? Air assets? Natural disasters? funding cuts? Political efforts? Economics? etc etc
Any subject can be modeled as a game once you figure out who your audience is and what you want to simulate.
What’s the biggest takeaway from the overall program, and how do you intend to apply it to your career going forward?
Mr Williamson: Any subject can be modeled as a game once you figure out who your audience is and what you want to simulate. In the future, rather than my staff relying on countless briefing papers and the like to get an idea of what is happening, I want to design simple simulators they can manipulate the variables and other factors influencing whatever we are working on.
Many educational books and articles will tell you simulations will greatly enhance their understanding and knowledge.
MAJ Clayton: My biggest overall takeaway from the program was the same I came in with; the application of analog game simulations to wargaming. The simulations may not provide solutions, but the mechanics provide increased accuracy to wargaming. If properly applied will increase the though-process during MDMP.
Special thanks to MAJ Clayton and Mr Williamson for taking the time to discuss their experiences with us. Look for more inside information about this program to come from Armchair Dragoons.
Thanks for reading! We’d love to have your feedback either in the comment area below, or in our discussion forum. You can also find us on Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube…
← Classic Reviews: Runebound 2nd Ed (FFG) Battle Lab: Integrating Tactical Intelligence into Board Wargaming →
Armchair Dragoons © 2019
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1909
|
__label__wiki
| 0.844588
| 0.844588
|
Home / politics / JUST IN: Donald Duke Leaves PDP, Joins SDP To Actualise Presidential Ambition
JUST IN: Donald Duke Leaves PDP, Joins SDP To Actualise Presidential Ambition
Tuesday, September 04, 2018 politics
Donald Duke, a former governor of Cross River state, on Tuesday, September 4, said he had dumped the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) and had pitched tents with the Social Democratic Party (SDP) under which he hopes to actualise his presidential aspiration.
Premium Times reports that Duke, who governed Cross River for eight years, was expected to contest for presidency on the platform of the PDP.
The report said Duke announced his decision to quit the PDP at the national secretariat of the SDP in the afternoon of Tuesday, September 4.
He was received by the national secretary of the SDP, Shehu Gabam, the publicity secretary, Alfa Mohammed, and other top party members.
Duke reportedly said he dumped the PDP after about 20 years because it had derailed and lost its values.
He said the PDP was not the same party he joined back then.
JUST IN: Donald Duke Leaves PDP, Joins SDP To Actualise Presidential Ambition Reviewed by Amina Alake on Tuesday, September 04, 2018 Rating: 5
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1912
|
__label__wiki
| 0.87875
| 0.87875
|
Burridge Family History
Burridge Name Meaning
habitational name from any of three places in Devon named Burridge, from Old English burh ‘fort’ (see Burke) + hrycg ‘ridge’. from the Middle English personal name Burrich, Old English Burgric, composed of the elements burh, burg ‘fortress’, ‘stronghold’ + ric ‘power’.
Similar surnames: Surridge, Herridge, Bridge, Gutridge, Burritt, Guttridge, Burbridge
Burridge Family Origin
Where is the Burridge family from?
You can see how Burridge families moved over time by selecting different census years. The Burridge family name was found in the USA, the UK, Canada, and Scotland between 1840 and 1920. The most Burridge families were found in the UK in 1891. In 1840 there were 3 Burridge families living in Massachusetts. This was about 38% of all the recorded Burridge's in the USA. Massachusetts and 1 other state had the highest population of Burridge families in 1840.
Use census records and voter lists to see where families with the Burridge surname lived. Within census records, you can often find information like name of household members, ages, birthplaces, residences, and occupations.
View Census Data for Burridge
Burridge Family Occupations
What did your Burridge ancestors do for a living?
In 1880, Keeping House, Farmer and Laborer were the top 3 reported jobs worked by Burridge. A less common occupation for the Burridge family was Painter. The most common Burridge occupation in the USA was Keeping House. 19% of Burridge's were Keeping Houses.
View Census data for Burridge | Data not to scale
Keeping House
Census records can tell you a lot of little known facts about your Burridge ancestors, such as occupation. Occupation can tell you about your ancestor's social and economic status.
Burridge Historical Records
What Burridge family records will you find?
There are 53,000 census records available for the last name Burridge. Like a window into their day-to-day life, Burridge census records can tell you where and how your ancestors worked, their level of education, veteran status, and more.
Search 1940's US census records for Burridge
There are 4,000 immigration records available for the last name Burridge. Passenger lists are your ticket to knowing when your ancestors arrived in the USA, and how they made the journey - from the ship name to ports of arrival and departure.
View all Burridge immigration records
There are 3,000 military records available for the last name Burridge. For the veterans among your Burridge ancestors, military collections provide insights into where and when they served, and even physical descriptions.
View all Burridge military records
You've only scratched the surface of Burridge family history.
Burridge Life Expectancy
What is the average Burridge lifespan?
Between 1957 and 2004, in the United States, Burridge life expectancy was at its lowest point in 1959, and highest in 2000. The average life expectancy for Burridge in 1957 was 52, and 69 in 2004.
View Social Security Death Index (SSDI) for Burridge
An unusually short lifespan might indicate that your Burridge ancestors lived in harsh conditions. A short lifespan might also indicate health problems that were once prevalent in your family. The SSDI is a searchable database of more than 70 million names. You can find birthdates, death dates, addresses and more.
Famous Burridge Family Ancestors
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1914
|
__label__wiki
| 0.678766
| 0.678766
|
Google Lists 10 Selling Points Of Pixel 2 Android Flagships
By Dominik Bosnjak October 20, 2017, 5:40am
Google celebrated the official release of the Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL by listing ten selling points of its new Android-powered flagships. The company's Thursday communication sought to summarize some unique features of the newly available devices and convince consumers seeking a new smartphone that they should look no further than the Pixel 2 series. The imaging capabilities of the two handsets were one of the first major features Google wanted to bring attention to, being quick to point out that DxOMark found the Pixel 2 camera to be the best mobile setup to date, awarding it its highest-ever score of 98 on its absolute scale. Apart from boasting about the combination of OIS and EIS that allows the Pixel 2 devices to deliver perfectly stable shots and recordings in a variety of situations, Google also wanted to remind consumers that its new handsets come with robust Portrait capabilities meant to automatically process your subjects in a manner that makes them pop out from the background.
The Alphabet-owned company said that switching to the Pixel 2 or Pixel 2 XL from any other phone takes less than ten minutes as far as data transfers are concerned, adding that consumers who have trouble setting up their new device can take advantage of a 24/7 customer support line. Google Lens is another major selling point of the new flagships allowing everyone to benefit from the latest and greatest advancements in the field of computer vision and machine learning, Google said, adding that photography enthusiasts will also be pleased to know that they're entitled to unlimited Google Drive storage for creating photo and video backups. This particular offer comes with a provision that says you won't be able to back up original-quality content after January 15th, 2021, but even the "high-quality" format offered from that point on should be enough to satisfy most users, Google previously suggested.
The tech giant also boasted about the Pixel 2 lineup's Active Edge, a pressure-sensitive frame that allows you to physically squeeze your phone to perform customizable actions, in addition to emphasising the front-facing stereo speakers found on both devices, as well as their Always-On Display technology that plays well with the new music ID service which users can enable to always see info about any songs playing in their surroundings on their lock screen, with this particular feature even working offline. Finally, Google said that the Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL are fully integrated into its existing product ecosystem and a great choice for anyone who already owns devices like the Google Home or uses services such as Android TV.
October 20, 2017, 5:40am
Source: Google Blog
Android NewsGoogle PixelAndroid Phones
Dominik Bosnjak
Dominik started at AndroidHeadlines in 2016. He’s approaching his first full decade in the media industry, with his background being primarily in technology, gaming, and entertainment. These days, his focus is more on the political side of the tech game, as well as data privacy issues, with him looking at both of those through the prism of Android. Contact him at [email protected]
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1916
|
__label__cc
| 0.727809
| 0.272191
|
Save to My Library / Lists
Would you like to rate and review this book?
Since you have finished reading , would you like to leave a review, letting us and anyone else know what you think of this book?
Tenth Anniversary Edition
Get information about new releases for these contributors straight to your inbox. Your alerts can be managed through your account.
Paperback / softback Publication Date: 17/04/2019
RRP $29.50 $28.95
In stock in our Sydney warehouse.
Delivered in 2-4 working days for most Australian capitals with online tracking.
Please allow additional time for WA, NT or regional areas.
See the Delivery tab below for more details.
Award-winning author Gretchen Rubin is back with a bang, with The Happiness Project.
The author of the bestselling 40 Ways to Look at Winston Churchill has produced a work that is “a cross between the Dalai Lama's The Art of Happiness and Elizabeth Gilbert's Eat, Pray, Love.” (Sonya Lyubomirsky, author of The How of Happiness: A Scientific Approach to Getting the Life You Want) In the vein of Julie and Julia, The Happiness Project describes one person's year-long attempt to discover what leads to true contentment.
Drawing at once on cutting-edge science, classical philosophy, and real-world applicability, Rubin has written an engaging, eminently relatable chronicle of transformation.
HarperCollins Publishers Inc
"This book made me happy in the first five pages."
AJ Jacobs, author of The Year of Living Biblically: One Man's Humble Quest to Follow the Bible as Literally as Possible
Gretchen Rubin is one of the most influential writers on the linked subjects of habits, happiness, and human nature.
She's the author of many books, including the New York Times bestsellers, Better Than Before and The Happiness Project.
A member of Oprah's SuperSoul 100, Rubin has an enormous following, in print and online; her books have sold more than 2 million copies worldwide, in more than 35 languages; and on her popular daily blog, gretchenrubin, she reports on her adventures in pursuit of habits and happiness.
She also has an award-winning podcast, Happier with Gretchen Rubin. She lives in New York City with her husband and two daughters.
This item is in stock in our Sydney warehouse and typically delivered to you within 4 working days for most Australian capitals.
Once despatched we will send you a Shipping Notification which includes online tracking.
An overall delivery time for this item to your address is:
NSW Metro: 2 - 4 working days.
NSW Regional: 3 - 5 working days.
VIC & SA Metro: 2 - 4 working days.
VIC & SA Regional: 3 - 5 working days.
QLD Metro: 3 - 5 working days.
QLD Regional: 8 - 14 working days.
TAS: 3 - 5 working days.
WA Metro: 5 - 7 working days.
WA Regional: 6 - 9 working days.
NT Metro: 6 - 8 working days.
NT Regional: 8 - 14 working days.
Express Post is available if ALL items in your Shopping Cart are listed as 'In Stock 2-4 days'. Express Post orders are delivered in two business days to the following locations:
NSW - Sydney, Gosford, Newcastle, Wollongong.
VIC - Melbourne, Geelong, Ballarat, Bendigo.
ACT - Canberra.
SA - Adelaide.
QLD - Brisbane, Gold Coast, Sunshine Coast.
TAS - Hobart, Launceston.
WA - Perth CBD postcode 6000 only.
NT - Express Post is not available.
Did you know that you can save books into your library to create gift lists, reading lists, etc?
You can also mark books that you're reading, or want to read.
Let's Try No, Thanks
Click on Save to My Library / Lists
Select the List you'd like to categorise as, or add your own
Here you can mark if you have read this book, reading it or want to read
Awesome! You added your first item into your Library
Great! The fun begins.
Click on My Library / My Lists and I will take you there
Be the first to review The Happiness Project.
You can find this item in:
Memoirs Popular psychology Psychology: emotions Self-help & personal development
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1917
|
__label__cc
| 0.606226
| 0.393774
|
Answerman - Setting Fire To Your Dreams Since 2013
normajean19
I was just thinking earlier today I should ask what's up with simulcast delays, since Kill la Kill has been delayed in English every week for a long time now. But someone beat me to it!
Cecilthedarkknight_234
Hmm when it comes to bad bluray players I've had a horrible experience with an RCA. Not only was the display out horrible compared to my ps3 that I have now, the apps took forever to start and crashed horribly. Luckily I was able to get a refund on the shitty blu-ray players and put the money towards a ps3 which I ended up buying in 2009.
Ji-L87
Location: SE, STHLM area
That opening story made me worry a little, as I just bought an LG BP220 player from eBay to watch region 1 releases* over here in PAL-country. So far it's been great (and I like the interface compared to my region 2 Panasonic) but it was cheap, it feels cheap and I am now worried it might start throwing a tantrum
*(Curse you, Crunchyroll deal of the day!)
Last edited by Ji-L87 on Fri Mar 07, 2014 12:59 pm; edited 2 times in total
"Most anime is shown late at night, during hours rented out by the producers, and the programs are shown as infomercials. The TV networks don't really care how many people watch, and since the airing is really just meant to advertise the home video release (where the money REALLY comes from), having low or high ratings doesn't really affect the producers much either. It's mostly just used as a metric to see how well the show is connecting with an audience."
QFT. This also dovetails nicely with a point made in a previous column about shows that don't continue.
We fans here in the U.S. are, for better or worse, a secondary market for anime, and as such, too many of us have a very skewed perception of what the thing really is.
Justin deserves all the kudos in the world for using the word "infomercial" here, because it's arguably the most accurate way to describe what a lot of anime really is (certainly the early-A.M. shows, as he specifies). It's paid for by the networks and book publishers, simply to get people to go out and buy discs and books and other merchandise. That's not to totally devalue a given show, but it's not like everything deserves to be on a pedestal either.
Yet for better or worse, that's where anime ends up when it comes Stateside, simply as a function of the fact that that's pretty much all we get. Manga and novels, to say nothing of other merchandise like CDs and figures, often exist in a vacuum here, and don't sell anywhere close to as well as they do in Japan. That's neither good nor bad, exactly, because everything is working independently of everything else here; anime occupies a space as a primary product. But anime can't be viewed through that same lens when fans start asking why a second season of something hasn't been made in Japan, because the dynamics are totally different.
Levitz9
Sakura Shinguji wrote:
*snip*
It doesn't help that fans in the U.S. tend to view themselves as the center of the world. "We're big on Schoolgirl Milky Crisis, and if Big O can get a second season for us, then so can SMC!"
Blanchimont
...The TV networks don't really care how many people watch, and since the airing is really just meant to advertise the home video release (where the money REALLY comes from), having low or high ratings doesn't really affect the producers much either.
I'd disagree and rather say it depends...
Sometimes the REAL money is in merchandise (figures, towels, whatever).
Some other times the effects on the numbers of the source(manga, lightnovel, games) is enough to justify even a low-sell anime (Chihayafuru).
There are titles that churn craploads of money, and plenty of those churning enough to support themselves, I give that.
But of those that turn positive figures once everything's counted, all of them? No. Not even sure a majority of them are...
ActionJacksin
Don't know if I should be surprised or sad to see there are still kids who have delusions of grandeur on being a dub voice actor or some other low paying non-Japanese anime industry position they think they can make a living on.
At this point, I think acting classes (or hell, any class concentrating on the arts and creative expression) should have some part of the curriculum covering "blue collar Hollywood" as well as the business side of breaking into the entertainment industry. It might be discouraging for some, but it might also help prevent a lot more broken dreams.
dtm42
Location: currently stalking my waifu
Justin, it sounds like your Blu Ray drive is haunted by a poltergeist. He's probably named "Steve" or something. Leave a plate of shortbread biscuits out and he'll be more compliant.
mgosdin
Location: Kissimmee, Florida, USA
There's a saying that goes something like this; " To make a small fortune in <Whatever> you need to start with a large one. " That saying seems to apply to the Anime industry worldwide.
I've stuck to SONY for Blu-Ray players and it has worked well so far. I do have an LG DVD/CD play from 5 years ago and it is a solid machine.
Mark Gosdin
Penguin_Factory
Justin, your Blu-Ray player is haunted. It's the only explanation.
My only real electronics horror story involves the Xbox 360 (because of course). I took the bus into Dublin about a year after it came out (a not-insubstantial cost for me then) to buy a second hand one. When I unboxed it at home the memory card slot covers were broken or missing, it was smeared with what appeared to be lipstick and it smelled very strongly of strawberries for some reason. Then it red-ringed after about half an hour.
The next day I went back into town and swapped it out for a new one, which did not smell like strawberries. This one lasted several hours before also spontaneously breaking. So I went in again and the baffled guy in the shop gave me a third one. It almost outlasted the warranty before that one broke too. So I replaced it, and a year or so later the fourth one broke. This time I didn't bother getting a new one.
Oh also, my very first DVD player- which I got specifically to play anime DVDs from the US- would sometimes just spontaneously stop working with certain discs, even if I had played them successfully before. I looked it up and it apparently had something to do with dual-layering interfering with the laser. It was super cheap though so I wasn't really surprised.
SpacemanHardy
Off topic, but Mark Gosdin, your avatar scared me a little bit just there. I thought at first Shiratori had come back.
PingSoni
Location: Lansing MI
I had an Avayon DXP1000 DVD player that went through a somewhat similar process of degradation. I bought it in 2007 as an all-region player, and at first it was fine. Then the remote died, which I replaced. Then it began doing weird things with subtitles. Occasionally it would lock up. I replaced it with a Phillips DVP5140 (which has been fine for years) and demoted the Avayon to duty as a CD player in the space by my kotatsu where I sit and read.
Last year it began occasionally freezing while playing a CD. Then one day the music just stopped and it could no longer find tracks. So I ran a long cable to the Marantz PMD330 in my audio rack (which has been running fine for a decade). Can't justify buying a new CD player in this day and age.
I'm always reluctant to get rid of old electronics. I have a PowerMac G5 chassis that now does nothing but serve as a shelf off the floor for my Hello Kitty humidifier.
Rederoin
Blanchimont wrote:
I think that everybody who is interested in this, should just read this.
http://www.someanithing.com/?page_id=104
But yes, where the profit comes from varies from series to series, be source sales, merch, music or even tourism.
I only have a few minor electronics horror stories.
One is that while I wasn't home my Mother put in my Beauty and the Beast VHS tape (this was like '06) for my step-niece. Well, the 20 year old VCR took a crap. What did they do? CUT IT OUT! They could have unscrewed the lid and removed the tape and it would have been fine. Which I was super pissed because at the time you could no longer by Beauty and the Beast.
It hasn't crapped out on my but the whole time I've own my second hand (I bought it off a friend) Xbox 360 it makes a loud whirring/buzzing sound the whole time it is on. I've gotten used to it. It is kind annoying when I have friends over though because they are freaked out from it. Still, I've had it a few years and it still works.
TypicalUsername
I've got a Samsung Blu-Ray player and I worry about the same things your LG one just went through. I just flashed it to the newest update, and sure enough, I got Netflix's new UI, but now it locks up after 30 minutes.
I think the rule of thumb should be never update unless your player specifically has a problem. Otherwise just more crap is going to get broken.
Also, I love to see people in the Industry break the dreams of the young. Granted, it was the truth, but to put it bluntly telling them "You'll never amount to anything in Anime!" is hilarious.
cloudflare ray# 4f86d242164fc189-IAD
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1920
|
__label__cc
| 0.668739
| 0.331261
|
About Anjali
About kathak
Kids' Book Club
Contact and mailing list
Anjali Mitter Duva
Anjali Mitter Duva is an Indian American writer raised in France. She is the author of the bestselling historical novel FAINT PROMISE OF RAIN. She is also a co-founder of Chhandika, a non-profit organization that teaches and presents India's classical storytelling kathak dance. Educated at Brown University and MIT, Anjali is a frequent speaker at conferences, festivals, libraries, schools and other cultural institutions. She was a finalist for a 2018 Artist Fellowship from the Massachusetts Cultural Council, and is a teaching scholar for Grub Street Writers. In her spare time, she runs a book club for teens and the Arlington Author Salon, a quarterly literary series. She lives in the Boston area with her husband and two daughters, and is currently at work on her second novel.
More of the story
There's always more, isn't there? In this Q&A for the wonderful website Bloom, I cover some of the questions that are most often asked of me, such as:
Your education and early career are in urban planning. How did you decide to leave your established career and pursue writing?
You have a multicultural background—familial ties to India, growing up in France, and now living near Boston. How does having multiple cultural touch-points clarify or complicate the storytelling and writing process?
Tell us more about the history of kathak dance, and how it became one of the inspirations behind your new novel, Faint Promise of Rain.
You run a book club for children; do you find that children have a different way of reading than adults do?
What inspired you to write historical fiction? Did you find unexpected things while conducting your research?
You are planning a quartet of novels based on your study of kathak dance—can you give us a preview of what you are planning? How did you decide to write four separate novels?
On your blog, there is a lovely, entertaining, and very practical guide to designing your own writer’s retreat. You share that picking the right company is key—how did you meet your other fellow writers, and how does writing as a group compare to the stereotypical image of writers as working alone?
Who are the authors who inspired you early in your writing career, and who are you reading now?
An interview with India New England.
Links to Some things I care about
Diversity in children's and YA literature
#WeNeedDiverseBooks
Mixed Remixed
South Asian arts, culture and history
Tasveer Journal
The Caravan Magazine
The Indian Memory Project
The 1947 Partition Archive
Sahapedia
Wild Films India
Vintage photos of India (19th cent.)
Boston literary scene
Grub Street Writers
Boston Literary District
Porter Square Books and Belmont Books
Boston Book Blog
Women's National Book Association
Arlington Author Salon
Misc. research resources
Soundsnap (sound effects)
TimesMachine (150 years of NYTimes)
Food Timeline
Children and Youth in History
MET Museum publications (free)
Find the book at the following stores:
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1921
|
__label__wiki
| 0.605815
| 0.605815
|
Press Release | Argonne National Laboratory
Argonne develops computer model to explore fuel octane number
Jo Napolitano
Researchers at Argonne have developed a virtual cooperative fuel research engine that will help probe how a fuel’s chemical kinetics translates into its octane rating.
This large eddy simulation captures the start of knocking combustion in the CFR engine. The green iso-surface represents the corrugated turbulent flame front. Blue regions depict end-gas auto-ignition ahead of the flame. Velocity contours are shown on the horizontal cut plane. (Image by Argonne National Laboratory.)
The fuel and engine community has been using Cooperative Fuel Research (CFR) engines for nearly a century to quantify a fuel’s “knocking” propensity, or the likelihood that it will autoignite in the engine under typical operating conditions. But there is a lot behind this standardized test method for internal combustion engines that scientists don’t yet understand.
That could soon change now that researchers at the Department of Energy’s (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory have developed a virtual model of the actual “hardware” CFR engine.
This new, three-dimensional engine simulation tool can help researchers probe how a fuel’s chemical kinetics translate into its octane rating.
Principal Computational Scientist Sibendu Som of Argonne’s Energy Systems division, along with postdoctoral appointee Pinaki Pal, have been collaborating with combustion research engineers Christopher Kolodziej and Toby Rockstroh, on the project for two years. This past April, they presented their work at the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) World Congress in Detroit, shortly after their findings were published by the SAE as a technical paper titled “Development of a virtual CFR engine model for knocking combustion analysis.”
Their project is part of a broader DOE initiative called the Co-Optimization of Fuels and Engines, or Co-Optima, which is co-funded by the Bioenergy Technologies Office and the Vehicle Technologies Office of the DOE’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.
Co-Optima aims to simultaneously transform both transportation fuels and vehicles, helping researchers identify and develop engines designed to run more efficiently on affordable, scalable and sustainable fuels.
Pinaki Pal’s modeling work and the experimental campaign led by Christopher Kolodziej, highlight the value of both hardware and virtual experimentation — and how each is augmented by the other.
Engine “knocking” signals abnormal combustion, caused by violent chemical reactions and pressure dynamics that can damage critical engine components such as the cylinder head and pistons.
A fuel’s knock resistance is reflected in its octane rating, characterized at local gasoline stations by a pump octane number of 87, 89 or 91-93. If the number is high, the fuel is less likely to autoignite or knock during combustion, but these values are becoming less predictive for modern downsized boosted spark-ignition engines.
“There is a lot that needs to be better understood about how the physical and chemical properties of fuel affect the actual operating conditions and combustion characteristics of the CFR engine during octane testing,” Kolodziej said. “You can have fuels with the same octane rating but different knock characteristics. Advanced simulations give us the capability to model parameters simply not possible to measure in the real engine without affecting what’s being measured.”
With the new model, researchers can begin computerized experiments using any fuel they like.
“We can come up with new fuel formulations and readily assess their performance using simulations,” Pal said.
Now is the time to take action, he added. A better understanding of fuel octane rating, Pal said, “is crucial to improving the efficiency of modern boosted engines and designing novel fuels to reduce petroleum consumption and emissions.” Improved fuel efficiency benefits national security, domestic competitiveness and eases the burden on the household wallet.
The researchers used Argonne’s Laboratory Computing Resource Center and the HPC center at the DOE’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
The Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy supports early-stage research and development of energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies to strengthen U.S. economic growth, energy security, and environmental quality.
Argonne National Laboratory seeks solutions to pressing national problems in science and technology. The nation’s first national laboratory, Argonne conducts leading-edge basic and applied scientific research in virtually every scientific discipline. Argonne researchers work closely with researchers from hundreds of companies, universities, and federal, state and municipal agencies to help them solve their specific problems, advance America’s scientific leadership and prepare the nation for a better future. With employees from more than 60 nations, Argonne is managed by UChicago Argonne, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science.
The U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. For more information, visit https://energy.gov/science.
Tags: Computational Science, Modeling and Simulation, Mechanical Engineering, Heat Transfer and Combustion, Transportation, Advanced Engines and Fuels, vehicle engine modeling
For More Information or Media-Related Inquiries
+1-630-252-5580 media@anl.gov
For Partnership Inquiries or Commercializing Argonne Science and Technology
+1-800-627-2596 partners@anl.gov
Pinaki Pal
Sibendu Som
Section Manager, Multi-Physics Computation
Center for Transportation Research
Engine Research
Using Argonne’s world-class supercomputer to ease congestion
The Ohio State takes honors in The EcoCAR Mobility Challenge
A breakthrough view of electric avenue
Argonne’s world-class X-ray facility measures fuel injection spray with extreme accuracy
New tool simulating freight movement quantifies impacts of e-commerce and tech on transportation
E-commerce, fast internet and disruptive technologies are ushering the U.S. into an age of great convenience and speed. Citizens can order products from wherever, whenever, and receive them in a matter of days or even hours.
March 18, 2019 | Transportation, mobility simulation, mobility
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1922
|
__label__cc
| 0.738585
| 0.261415
|
The Demon-Haunted World Essay
2596 WordsFeb 27, 200811 Pages
I. Identify and discuss the primary theme of the book. Be Specific. Identify the point(s) that Sagan is attempting to make? What is the purpose of the book? “Science is more than a body of knowledge, it is a way of thinking,” according to Sagan (Sagan, 1996). Sagan is attempting to inform the world of the limited knowledge we, the world, have because everyone seeks certainty as partisans of certain religions do, rather than to question in search of truth. Through out the book, Sagan provides examples of the publics’ conforming ignorance with many examples such as with Atlantis, superstition, UFO’s, The Face from Mars, horoscopes and so on. He encourages critical thinking as an alternative to accepting hearsay. Newspapers, magazines, and television programs inform the world inaccurately. In fact, much of what is reported is twisted to be conveyed in the manner most advantageous to the source in gaining attention, not necessarily because they inform the truth causing a societal effect of advertising and national propaganda. The media expects the viewers to be an indefinite susceptible audience, ready to believe and discuss outrageous stories that will rid them momentarily of their daily dullness. They tend to follow fallacies that are more exciting rather than to inquire about true facts. When we feel uncomfortable we tend to search for our comfort zone and accept any theory to regain comfort. Thinking of Martians walking amongst us causes much discomfort so we tend to dismiss any types of uncomfortable theories. We will never know truth until we experiment and research. “Avoidable human misery is more often caused not so much by stupidity as by ignorance, particularly our ignorance about ourselves,” (Sagan, 1996). The most important aspect leading to success according to Sagan is the scientific way of thinking at once with imagination and discipline. One of the
Demons Essay
Our Demons By: AJ Jenkins “Even the best of us aren’t without our flaws or failures. We all have our sins and vices, our virtues and integrities. You cannot have one without the other so when you try and suppress one and hide it, it will always find a way out.” The ravens squawked as twilight rapidly approached a trio of young men, guards armored in a combination of mail and plate coupled with sword and shield, patrolled down the lantern lit streets of Ala-dou. One stepped ahead, Captain
The Demon Haunted World Essay
27). On the other hand, Galileo was the first person to discover that the earth revolves around the sun and was able to proof or give the evidences by use of telescope (Haven 37). His discoveries were factual and they will always be. Nobody in the world can doubt his discoveries. His research work is perfect. Another example is Thomas Graham. Thomas came up with an ingenious development and technique of separating crystalloids from colloids, referred as dialysis, which cleanses human blood. If it
The Haunted Palace Essay
Heather Warren Period 4 Edgar Allan Poe Poems The Haunted Palace Analysis The rhyme scheme to most of the poem was ABABCDCD. The syllable pattern wasn’t repetitive much but the first stanza stayed only in an 8 syllable pattern minus 1 line. The rest of the poem was in a 7-9 syllable pattern for the most part give or take a few lines. This poem is called The Haunted Palace and throughout the poem it talks about a palace that used to be great but then the king died and the palace was overrun
The Haunted Man Essay
THE HAUNTED MAN AND THE GHOST’S BARGAIN by CHARLES DICKENS (1848) CHARACTERS PLOT SUMMARY REVIEW HISTORICAL CONTEXT In the Victorian Age there was a change in the paradigm of memory from a positive process that used to strength identity into a negative process close to involuntary activity that can become something pathological * In the story remembering and forgetting in a excessive way risks to gets Redlaw into a crisis The successful publication of Christmas carols with
Haunted Essay
That horrible, shrill ringing. It was all that she could hear, piercing the house with its terrible shriek. She knew who was calling, the monstrous voice that would grate at her from the earpiece. The sickening, heavy breath that she could almost smell curdling her blood. She clawed at her ears to no avail; It was inside of her head, demanding to be heard. Agony overwhelmed her, and she fell to the floor, writhing, waiting for it to end. Eons passed before the screaming finally ceased, and silence
Draft The piece I chose for my essay is a song called “Demons” performed by Imagine Dragons. The reason I picked this particular song is because we all have demons we battle. For some people it is the typical substances like drugs, alcohol, or food. For others is greed, sex, or just plain struggling with what their beliefs are. In this song, I believe the writer is speaking to his/her child. In his song he is telling us how his life is sad and he feels like giving up. He says that life is tuff
On the Haunted Mind Essay
Josh Lotkowictz FWS Essay 2 Nathanial Hawthorne’s The Haunted Mind is an in depth look at the moment in the night when sleep has just been broken, but wakefulness has yet to settle in. It is in these moments that many of our truths are revealed. In this context of a fleeting moment of truth, the fifth paragraph is especially powerful. In this paragraph, a combination of figurative language and imagery emphasizes the emotional vulnerability of the moment. The figurative language used in
Haunted House Essay
Our Guarantee Popular Essays Excellent Essays Free Essays A-F Free Essays G-L Free Essays M-Q Free Essays R-Z Essay Topics Plagiarism Donate a Paper View Cart / Checkout Related Essays - Click here for more Descriptive Essays The Haunted House Rate This Paper: 1 2 3 4 5 Submit Length: 695 words (2 double-spaced pages) Rating: Red (FREE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Pushing the heavy gates open the touch of the
"Demons" (with Sam Tsui) (originally by Imagine Dragons) When the days are cold And the cards all fold And the saints we see Are all made of gold When your dreams all fail And the ones we hail Are the worst of all And the blood's run stale I wanna hide the truth I wanna shelter you But with the beast inside There's nowhere we can hide No matter what we breed We still are made of greed This is my kingdom come This is my kingdom come When you feel my heat Look into my
Haunted River Essay
“Haunted River” Many have noticed that when something horrible happens in a place, that place is never seen the same again; for example, a death occurs in a house, and the people affected see only this death whenever they enter the house. To the same effect, in his poem “Rhine Boat Trip,” Irving Layton suggests that a place is forever affected by the events that occurred in its past. He does this effectively through allusion to the Holocaust, through contrasting imagery, and through the structure
More about The Demon-Haunted World Essay
social influenes Essay
THe Zoo story Essay
Raymond Carver "Cathedral" summary
Freud'S Thory Essay
Plato Essay
Optics Essay
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1923
|
__label__wiki
| 0.606471
| 0.606471
|
» SEO Is Not Dead. Yet.
SEO Is Not Dead. Yet.
by Anvil on December 16, 2013SEO
ICYMI, Hummingbird was the SEOsphere’s latest occasion to trot out the shopworn “SEO Is Dead” and “Is SEO Dead?” and “SEO Is So Not Dead, You Guys” articles that make their rounds once or twice a year. To bring you up to speed, the consensus that emerged when the smoke cleared this time—just like every other time—was that SEO Is Not Dead, which is a convenient consensus for a bunch of professional SEO specialists to reach, given how much we enjoy getting paid to do SEO in between getting paid to write articles about whether or not it’s dead. It’s a good line of work; I mean, I certainly enjoy it.
Of course, it’s easy to laugh at the apocalyptic pronouncements that touch off these fevered discussions, but as rash, alarmist, and clickbait-y as they typically are, I have to admit that my experience of reading this latest round was a little less amusing than usual. For one thing, I noticed something that I hadn’t before. The first wave of backlash that these doomsday articles usually provoke, which initiates the whole discursive process that ultimately leads us back to our self-soothing and resolving to carry on, typically takes the form of a few sage, seasoned voices admonishing the rest of us—in a tone always more exasperated than it was last time—to remember that SEO has weathered a million storms since the dawn of search and has always managed to remain relevant and needed. This is unassailably true and a perfectly understandable perspective to take in looking for a little comfort when something comes along and quakes the landscape like this, but the message carries an oddly confident subtext: that SEO will never die, that sites will always need help getting found, and that the discipline’s relevancy and necessity, therefore, are forever. For reasons I didn’t really understand right away, the hubris of this observation jumped out and gave me pause this time. Sure, it was clear that Hummingbird wasn’t transformative enough to be capable of murdering our entire line of work outright in its first month of life, but can we really pretend to act like nothing ever could? Is there no possible future for search without some form of site-side optimization playing a role? Just the awareness of such a possibility was new and unsettling for me.
It only got more unsettling from there. The closer I looked at Hummingbird, the more clearly I could see that a future without SEO is more or less exactly what it promises. Remember, Hummingbird didn’t come out of nowhere; it’s merely the latest and largest step that Google has yet to take on its path to advance the semantic web. But it’s a large enough step to indicate that Google is quite a bit more serious and more deliberate about this transformation than I realized. They’re not waiting around to watch the semantic web slowly expand to take over search; they’re sweating to bring the day about as quickly as they can, and to make it happen on their terms.
Consider how essential a facet of SEO the geomodifier was until suddenly, one day, it wasn’t anymore. My first job in SEO was a copywriting gig in which I had to research the names of the largest suburbs of a major American metropolis and carefully shoehorn them into a bunch of content describing the services that the company I worked for provided to people in that metro area, so that they would be found by people searching for the service in conjunction with as many suburb names as possible. Making your content keyword-relevant to the geographical locations you served was once as unquestionably essential to proper content optimization as anything, because Google needed to be told these things. Then, one day, we woke up to discover that things had changed; with Google’s Location Services and new local results pages with Maps integration, it was clear that they already knew both where you were searching from and exactly what relevant service providers were nearby. Seemingly overnight, searchers no longer had to formally query location to get pertinent local results, and consequently, companies no longer had to state their location(s) in every piece of content they published. As Google got better at learning, there was less we needed to tell it.
Remember when the Knowledge Graph burst on the scene? That was arguably even more of a shake-up. Suddenly, there were all kinds of things that Google itself just knew and could tell you, no third-party site required. Granted, it was as often as not flying in its Knowledge Graph content from trusted sources (Wikipedia perhaps foremost), but that wasn’t the point: the point was that Google knew where to find something like a trustworthy and satisfying answer to a question, and it could supply that answer to users so efficiently that they didn’t even need to click anything to get it.
So, first, businesses no longer had to tell Google what locations they served in every paragraph they published about themselves, because Google was capable of finding that out on its own. That was kind of a relief and a luxury. But then, a site no longer had to tell Google that it was an authoritative resource on, say, salamanders, and this time it wasn’t because Google already knew that about that specific site and was going to send scads of search traffic to our site specifically without the site’s webmaster having to lift a finger; rather, it was, as we discovered, because Google already had a trusted resource for information on salamanders that they felt pretty confident would deliver to most users the basic information that they’re looking for without demanding any click-through of them. That wasn’t so reassuring. If you were the SEO specialist for a site on salamanders, there likely were optimization efforts you could pursue to rank ahead of some of your competition in the organic results, but there wasn’t a thing you could do to displace or even influence the content of that Knowledge Graph box, and every user satisfied by that box was a user for whom the organic results were simply not needed. If you’re among the sites trying to appeal to that audience, a #1 ranking is still too low.
That’s the semantic web. Rather than asking Google to point you somewhere for information, you’re asking Google for the information directly. And rather than algorithmically choosing which third-party resource is most likely to have the information you seek in its most accurate form, Google is just up and answering your question. In transactions like these, Google is not a conduit to a searcher’s final destination; Google is the destination.
A future featuring a lot more of that kind of thing is where I think we’re headed, and Hummingbird—which, remember, was reported to affect over 90% of searches—is going to get us there sooner than we realize. The day SEO dies will be the day when there is simply nothing that a site can teach Google, using keyword placement and markup, that Google can’t learn by itself, and faster, simply by crawling the thing. What does this day look like? Informational searches answered by a single, monolithic, Google-approved source in detail (i.e. a Knowledge Graph that’s interactive and rich), local restaurant searches where the results have been ranked inviolably according to each place’s average Google+ rating, product queries that zip you instantaneously to a Google Shopping walled garden, and brand searches where Google simply redirects the searcher to the brand site in one go via the link on the brand’s verified Google+ page.
So, what do you think? Am I off my rocker? Is there anything to be done to keep SEO viable after Hummingbird has extended its reach to 100% of searches? And if not, and especially if the web will be a better place for the loss, what do we do next? How can we continue to participate in the web’s betterment? Will Google ever be able to do truly everything for itself? Talk to me in the comments. I would love to be wrong.
Ranking Videos in Google Search [Video SEO Series: Part 1 of 2]
Organic SEO and Conversion Rate Optimization
App Store Optimization – SEO for Apple’s App Store & Google Play
As the leader in allergy-friendly snack foods, Enjoy Life is experiencing tremendous growth. Partnering with Anvil was critical to our ...
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1924
|
__label__wiki
| 0.614625
| 0.614625
|
Menu sub-tier
News::
Museum entry fees do not affect visitor diversity, research suggests
Overall visitor numbers typically fall when entry fees are introduced, but donations and secondary spend are not affected.
Derby Museums Trust
Introducing an admissions fee does not affect the diversity of museum visitors, but can lead overall visitor numbers to fall, according to research released this week by the Association of Independent Museums (AIM).
Its survey of museum workers found that admission fees were not seen to discourage visitors from making donations or spending in museum cafes and shops, with these habits being more influenced by the quality of the retail and catering offer and the museum’s fundraising strategy.
The research, which was commissioned by AIM, Arts Council England (ACE) and the Welsh Government, and produced by DC Research, aimed to understand the experience of museums that have changed their pricing strategies and to discover any subsequent impact on visitor numbers, diversity, satisfaction, spend, and the museum’s reputation.
Using a sector-wide survey, a literature review and one-to-one consultations, the research found that 57% of museums currently charge for some form of admission.
It found no ‘typical’ charging or free-entry museum, with one in three independent museums providing free admission, and one in three of local authority museums charging. 43% of respondents from museums that do not currently charge said they had considered introducing admission fees.
Effect of charging
58% of those surveyed who work for museums that do charge an admission fee said this had no impact on the diversity of their visitors. Although 68% of respondents from free-entry museums felt this policy had a positive impact on the mix of their visitors.
AIM Chair Richard Evans described this finding as “really important”. “Museums that charge are sometimes seen as providing less benefit to the public,” he said. “Cost is sometimes understood to be a barrier to access – but the research highlights that this is not the case.”
However, responses suggest that overall visitor numbers usually fall if an entrance fee is introduced, with some reporting ‘notable decreases’ in the number of local visitors.
This corresponds with the experiences of York Art Gallery, which last week revealed that its visitor numbers have fallen well below expectations following the introduction of an entry charge last year.
The research suggests that visitors tend to stay longer at museums that charge admissions. Some evidence suggests they are also more likely to visit the shop or used on-site catering, than visitors to free-entry museums.
AIM has also produced a practical guide for museums to help them decide whether to introduce, remove, or increase charges.
The guide includes advice on understanding a museum’s audience and its ‘offer’, what questions to ask trustees, and which pricing strategies to consider. It also presents case studies from museums and galleries that have changed price models.
Christy Romer
Get our weekly News & Good reads emails
Please review our T&Cs
Dance partnership expands to include more galleries
A new initiative to commission dances with UK galleries will improve the profile and practice of this developing field, its founders say...
Louvre allegedly removes Sackler name
The Paris museum has taped over or taken down plaques dedicated to the philanthropist family, an activist group has claimed. The institution's President, Jean-Luc Martinez, said no gallery rooms are... read more
(The Art Newspaper)
Google suspends Viagogo ads
The ticket reseller is now unable to pay to appear at the top of global search rankings, Google has announced. The decision follows pressure from politicians and industry organisations including UK... read more
(IQ Magazine)
Arts Officer (Programming & Commissioning)
Salary: £30,507 - £32,878 (per annum)
Head of Culture and Tourism
Director of Communications & Sales
Venue Manager
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1931
|
__label__wiki
| 0.967007
| 0.967007
|
Aspen officials propose ‘mobility lab’ to alleviate traffic issues
News | June 27, 2017
Jason Auslander
jauslander@aspentimes.com
Traffic at the S-curves on Highway 82 in Aspen of cars headed down valley at rush hour on Tuesday.
Anna Stonehouse/The Aspen Times |
Instead of building a new Entrance to Aspen, members of the Aspen City Council want to take a different, experimental tack to try to get people out of their cars.
“We’re drowning in automobiles,” Aspen Mayor Steve Skadron said Tuesday at a council work session. “We’re looking for options other than building four lanes across the Marolt Open Space.”
To that end, Skadron, the council and city staff members want to implement a “mobility lab” in May and June 2018, and it would offer a multitude of transportation options for the area between the Intercept Lot and the downtown core and within the boundaries of the city, said Ashley Perl, the city’s climate-action manager.
“We want to provide options, and people can make the choice to be part of the solution,” Perl said. “We need to start rethinking the problem of traffic.”
The main idea is to offer options that will realistically compete with people’s private cars, she said. That means expanding the city’s existing modes of transportation as well as utilizing technology to offer new modes of transportation, Perl said.
That could mean providing a fleet of electric bikes and buses with space for people to bring gear and dogs aboard, she said. It also could mean offering a fleet of ride-share mopeds, a network of on-demand electric vehicle shuttles or self-driving vans, according to a statement announcing the mobility lab.
It might also mean reconfiguring downtown streets for a better traffic flow and eliminating parking to make streets more people-oriented, according to city officials.
In order to make the mobility lab happen, the city must find people, companies and organizations to fund it, she said. That will likely include reaching out to technology companies like Tesla and Google, “Who might be interested in bringing a fleet of electric cars or autonomous vehicles to Aspen,” the statement says. Another option is Bloomberg Philanthropies, which has pledged to help cities figure out what is possible with transportation, officials said.
The lab likely will cost about $1 million, which the city cannot afford, Perl said.
The idea also is to engage the community and local businesses to find a solution to the traffic congestion options that plague Aspen.
At a recent meeting of the Elected Officials Transportation Committee, Skadron said there is no support on the Aspen City Council for building four lanes across the Marolt Open Space to try to alleviate the traffic backups at the S-curves.
Skadron reiterated that stance Tuesday, saying that nothing he’s ever seen about a four-lane road across Marolt indicates it would ensure free-flowing traffic in and out of the city.
“It will just attract more cars,” he said. “I continue to stand up for the S-curves.”
The mobility lab plan will, in essence, force residents, commuters and visitors to make a choice, Skadron said.
“We’re asking, ‘Who are you?’” he said. “Are you part of the solution or are you part of the problem?”
Skadron said the idea for the mobility lab came about a year ago during a conversation with a representative of the Rocky Mountain Institute.
“I said I want to bring to the people of Aspen what the future of transportation looks like,” he said.
The council — minus Councilman Adam Frisch, who was out of town — supported the mobility lab idea.
Councilman Bert Myrin said he’d like to see the main focus of the study concentrate on the area between the Intercept Lot and Aspen. He said he supported using city funds for the project and felt that the $60,000 the city paid for new grass at Wagner Park after the recent Food & Wine Classic would have been better spent on the mobility lab.
Perl said city staff will need as much as $125,000 to fund phase one of implementing the mobility study.
Councilor Ward Hauenstein suggested enlisting psychologists instead of transportation consultants to figure out how to get people out of their cars.
“I’m really excited about this,” Hauenstein said. “For me, the ultimate goal is to get cars out of downtown Aspen.”
Aspen wilderness rangers report ‘a lot of snow’ on trails above 11,000 feet
There is a lot of pent up energy among hikers and bikers to get into the high country, but snow fields, avalanche debris and high stream crossings are presenting challenges later than usual. Forest rangers with the Aspen-Sopris District provide trail condition reports that are updated each week so hikers and backpackers aren’t caught unaware.
Rifle resident and former Kennedy Space Center engineer Tom Collins commemorates his space program career on 50th anniversary of Apollo 11
Inside the making of artist Sung Jang’s temporary Anderson Ranch installation
Review: Theatre Aspen’s ‘Little Shop’ is bloody good fun
Bear euthanized in Steamboat Springs after breaking into garages, vehicles
Ecologists’ encounter with snowmobilers in Aspen wilderness on July 3 raises broader concern
Guns found in Snowmass Village home of alleged armed robber
Jason Santo named new athletic director at Basalt High School
Proposed solar farm near Aspen draws full house for county’s plan and zoning meeting
Where's the best place to catch a concert?
Snowmass/Fanny Hill
Wheeler Opera House
Belly Up
Benedict Music Tent
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1935
|
__label__wiki
| 0.654888
| 0.654888
|
March 30, 2018 | in Dispatches, News, Weekly Roundup | by José García Escobar, Julia Sherwood, Kelsey Woodburn, and Paul Worley
Our weekly roundup of literary news brings us to Guatemala, Mexico, and Poland.
Wondering what is going on around the literary globe? You are in luck! This week we have reports from our amazing Editors at Large from Guatemala, Mexico, and Poland. Keep on reading!
José García Escobar, Editor-at-Large, reporting from Guatemala:
We’ve got new winners and new publications coming from Guatemala!
F&G Editores just announced the latest winner of their biannual short-story collection award, BAM Letras, Marlon Meza with his book Coreografía del desencanto. Additionally, the jury suggested the publication of Hijos del pedernal y la brea by Gerardo José Sandoval and Voices aisladas by Mario Alejandro Chavarría. Sadly, the BAM Letras award, which has recognized the work of great writers such as Arnoldo Gálvez Suárez and Valeria Cerezo has come to an end, according to F&G Editores’ director, Raul Figueroa Sarti.
Additionally, last week, Guatemala’s Editorial Cultural reissued Verdad del agua y del viento by legendary Costa Rican writer, Fabián Dobles. F&G also recently presented Ita by Mónica Albizúres and El lamento de El Zopilote by Braulio Salazar Zelada—you can read a fragment of his novel here. And also, earlier this month, one of F&G’s most popular books, Marta Casaús’ Guatemala: linaje y racismo, was reissued for the fifth time. Marta’s book is considered one of the cornerstones of Guatemalan anthropology.
And finally beloved Guatemalan author Eduardo Halfon just published Biblioteca Bizarra. Edited by Spanish press Jekyll & Hyde, Halfon’s new book is a collection of several essays about his relationship with his environment, country of birth, language, and literature. Keep an eye on Eduardo’s new translation, Mourning (Bellevue Press) coming out in May.
Paul Worley and Kelsey Woodburn, Editors-at-Large, reporting from Mexico:
Tsotsil Maya poet Ruperta Bautista Vásquez’s essay “Breviary of Indigenous Revolt and Resistance in Chiapas” appeared in English translation by Marc DelAl in The Funambulist 15. This important essay is one of the few critical works by a Latin American indigenous poet and intellectual to be available in English translation.
On March 2 in México City, Pluralia Ediciones held a book presentation for Mè’phàà writer Hubert Malina’s latest work, Cicatriz que te mira (Scars Watching You). Winner of the 2017 Indigenous Literary Prize of the Américas, Malina’s poem “Earthen Skin” appeared in translation in Asymptote’s Winter 2018 edition.
The seventh edition of the International Reading Festival de Yucatán (FILEY) took place from March 10 to the 18 in Mérida, Yucatán, México. This year’s invited country of honor was Russia.
On March 20 in México City, Tsotsil poet Manuel Bolom held a book presentation for his latest work, Festival of the Chicharra: a Ceremonial Wedding Discourse. The collection won México’s prestigious Indigenous literary award, the Nezahualcóyotl, in 2016.
From March 31 to April 2, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, México, will host the first Encounter of Writers from Chiapas-Central América, which will bring together writers from throughout Chiapas and Guatemala. Authors include Chary Gumeta, Alejandro Aldana, Mike Ruiz, Lyz Sáenz, Negma Coy, and Pablo Fuentes.
Julia Sherwood, Editor-at-Large, reporting from Poland:
This decade has brought a slew of highly acclaimed Polish literary biographies. Following the monumental Miłosz. Biografia (2011; the abridged English version, translated and edited by Aleksandra and Michael Parker, 2017), critic Andrzej Franaszek has turned to another great Polish poet, Zbigniew Herbert. His two-volume biography: Herbert: Biografia I. Niepokój (Unrest) and Herbert: Biografia II. Pan Cogito (Mr. Cogito), is due to appear in May. 2017 saw the publication of Klementyna Suchanów’s two-part Gombrowicz. Ja, Geniusz (I, the Genius), reviewed by past Asymptote contributor Tul’si Bhambry, as well as Wojciech Orliński’s fascinating Lem. Życie nie z tej ziemi (Lem. A Life Out of this World). The latter sheds light on little-known aspects of the author’s life, including his Jewish background, which the prolific science fiction writer was reluctant to talk about (read Mikołaj Gliński’s article on whether Lem’s sci-fi world was shaped by the Holocaust).
Poland’s literary community was outraged by the news last year that the flat in Warsaw where writer, film director, and scriptwriter Tadeusz Konwicki lived from 1956 until his death in 2015, had been put up for sale. In January, the Polish Book Institute announced that it had bought the flat: it will be preserved in its original state and used for translators‘ residencies.
And finally, a roundup of literary festivals and prizes: from March 24 to 25 the city of Kraków hosted the 7th comic book festival, featuring exhibitions, workshops for children, animated film screenings, and meetings with Polish authors, as well as Swedish cartoonists Max Andersson and Lars Sjunnesson. The theme of this year’s Miłosz Festival, to be held in Kraków from June 7 to 10, will be The Year of the Hunter. The 2018 Passport, the prestigous prize awarded by the weekly Polityka, went to Marcin Wicha for his essay Rzeczy, których nie wyrzuciłem (Things I Didn’t Throw Out). On March 21 Adam Zagajewski received the Golden Wreath Award at Macedonia’s Struga Poetry festival (previous winners include Charles Simic and Margaret Atwood). And fingers crossed for Olga Tokarczuk, whose novel Flights (trans. Jennifer Croft) has been longlisted for the Man Booker International Prize.
For more literary news, check out these past blog posts:
The Man Booker International 2018 Longlist: At the Boundaries of Fiction
What’s New in Translation: March 2018
indigenous literature
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1936
|
__label__wiki
| 0.951724
| 0.951724
|
Arizona voters reject clean-energy measure Proposition 127 by large margin
Prop. 127, to change Arizona's energy mandate, was backed by California billionaire Tom Steyer and opposed by APS parent company Pinnacle West.
Arizona voters reject clean-energy measure Proposition 127 by large margin Prop. 127, to change Arizona's energy mandate, was backed by California billionaire Tom Steyer and opposed by APS parent company Pinnacle West. Check out this story on azcentral.com: https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/politics/elections/2018/11/06/arizona-prop-127-election-results-voters-decide-energy-mandate-rules/1809288002/
Ryan Randazzo, Arizona Republic Published 5:00 a.m. MT Nov. 6, 2018 | Updated 9:39 p.m. MT Nov. 6, 2018
California customers should save about $80 a month in heating, cooling and lighting, or about $19,000 over the usual 20-year life of solar panels. Isabel Greenblatt, The Republic | azcentral.com
Proposition 127 would dramatically boost Arizona's renewable-energy requirements.(Photo: urfinguss, Getty Images/iStockphoto)
Voters overwhelmingly rejected Proposition 127, a ballot measure that would force electric companies to get half of their energy from renewable sources by 2030, the Associated Press projected Tuesday night.
California billionaire activist Tom Steyer's political group NextGen America spent heavily to get the measure on the ballot and win over voters, but Steyer was outspent by Arizona Public Service Co. and other opponents of the measure.
"Arizonans support clean energy, but not costly, politically driven mandates," said Matthew Benson, chairman of the opposition group funded by APS' parent company.
"Arizonans support solar power and renewable technology, but not at the expense of an affordable, reliable energy supply. Arizonans prefer to choose our own energy future rather than have it dictated to us by out-of-state special interests."
Supporters of the measure said they take some victory in damaging the reputation of APS.
“The biggest thing we wanted in the cycle we already got, which is doing significant damage to APS’ stranglehold on our politics,” said Eric Hyers, campaign manager for the ballot measure. “We’ve changed the dynamic against them. Being seen as cozy with them is seen as a liability.”
APS responded to the election results with a statement from President/CEO Don Brandt, who said the company will seek public input regarding its plans for renewable energy.
“The campaign is over, but we want to continue the conversation with Arizonans about clean energy and identify specific opportunities for APS to build energy infrastructure that will position Arizona for the future,” Brandt said.
It easily was the most expensive ballot measure in state history.
Opponents said the measure would increase electric bills by forcing companies such as APS to build new solar and wind facilities, which would mean the early closure of coal and even the state's lone nuclear plant.
Supporters said that because the cost of renewable energy is competitive with fossil-fuel-burning plants, even with battery backup to provide steady electricity throughout the night, the claims of increased utility bills are unfounded. They also doubt the Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station would close.
Polls showed the measure was deeply unpopular heading into the election.
Election Day in Arizona: Ballots are processed
Ballots are processed on Nov. 7, 2018, at the Maricopa County Tabulation and Election Center, 510 S. Third Ave., Phoenix. Mark Henle/The Republic
Gary Ramirez processes ballots on Nov. 7, 2018, at the Maricopa County Tabulation and Election Center, 510 S. 3rd Ave., Phoenix. Mark Henle/The Republic
Steven Borth processes ballots on Nov. 7, 2018, at the Maricopa County Tabulation and Election Center, 510 S. 3rd Ave., Phoenix. Mark Henle/The Republic
Gary Ramirez (right) processes ballots on Nov. 7, 2018, at the Maricopa County Tabulation and Election Center, 510 S. 3rd Ave., Phoenix. Mark Henle/The Republic
Ballots are processed on Nov. 7, 2018, at the Maricopa County Tabulation and Election Center, on 510 S. Third Ave., Phoenix. Mark Henle/The Republic
Gary Ramirez processes ballots on Nov. 7, 2018, at the Maricopa County Tabulation and Election Center, on 510 S. 3rd Ave., Phoenix. Mark Henle/The Republic
Ballots are processed on Nov. 7, 2018, at the Maricopa County Tabulation and Election Center, on 510 S. 3rd Ave., Phoenix. Mark Henle/The Republic
Kimberly Yee makes her victory speech for State Treasurer during the Republican watch party at the DoubleTree Resort in Scottsdale on Nov. 6, 2018. David Wallace/The Republic
Phoenix mayoral candidate Kate Gallego talks to a crowd of supporters at the Hilton Garden Inn in Phoenix on Nov. 6, 2018. Darryl Webb/Special for The Republic
Former Phoenix Mayor Terry Goddard supports Phoenix mayoral candidate Kate Gallego at the Hilton Garden Inn in Phoenix on Nov. 6, 2018. Darryl Webb/Special for The Republic
Former Phoenix Mayor Terry Goddard introduces Phoenix mayoral candidate Kate Gallego at the Hilton Garden Inn in Phoenix on Nov. 6, 2018. Darryl Webb/Special for The Republic
Democrat supporters cheer after national results are shown on CNN at an election party on the Renaissance Phoenix Downtown Hotel on Nov. 6, 2018. Nick Oza, Nick Oza/The Republic
Democratic supporter Audrey Bell Jenkins cheers at the an election party at the Renaissance Phoenix Downtown Hotel on Nov. 6, 2018. Nick Oza, Nick Oza/The Republic
Jevin Hodge, vice chairman of Arizona Democratic Party, speaks at the Renaissance Phoenix Downtown Hotel on Nov. 6, 2018. Nick Oza, Nick Oza/The Republic
Democrat supporter Frank Portera cheers after national results are shown on CNN at an election party on the Renaissance Phoenix Downtown Hotel on Nov. 6, 2018. Nick Oza, Nick Oza/The Republic
Arizona Attorney General Mark Brnovich speaks with supporters after making his victory speech during the Republican watch party at the DoubleTree Resort in Scottsdale on Nov. 6, 2018. David Wallace/The Republic
Attorney General Mark Brnovich pumps his fist after speaking to supporters during the Arizona Republican election night party in Scottsdale on Nov. 6, 2018. Michael Chow/The Republic
Attorney General Mark Brnovich throws out beer koozies to supporters during the Arizona Republican watch party in Scottsdale on Nov. 6, 2018. Michael Chow/The Republic
Attorney General Mark Brnovich speaks to supporters during the Arizona Republican election night party in Scottsdale on Nov. 6, 2018. Michael Chow/The Republic
David Garcia, Democratic candidate for Arizona governor, hugs his children as he exits the stage at the election night watch party on Nov. 6, 2018, at the Renaissance Hotel in Phoenix. Rob Schumacher/The Republic
David Garcia, Democratic candidate for Arizona governor, addresses the crowd at the election night watch party on Nov. 6, 2018, at the Renaissance Hotel in Phoenix. Rob Schumacher/The Republic
Greg Stanton, Democratic candidate for U.S. Representative of Arizona's 9th Congressional District gives, his victory speech along with his family at the Renaissance Phoenix Downtown Hotel on Nov. 6, 2018. Nick Oza/The Republic
Greg Stanton, Democratic candidate for U.S. Representative of Arizona's 9th Congressional District gives, his victory speech along with his family at the Renaissance Phoenix Downtown Hotel on Nov. 6, 2018. Nick Oza, Nick Oza/The Republic
Governor Doug Ducey speaks alongside his wife, Angela, during the Republican watch party at the DoubleTree Resort in Scottsdale on Nov. 6, 2018. David Wallace/The Republic
Gov. Doug Ducey supporters take a selfie before Ducey speaks at the Republican watch party at the DoubleTree Resort in Scottsdale on Nov. 6, 2018. David Wallace/The Republic
Gov. Doug Ducey speaks hugs his wife, Angela, during the Republican watch party at the DoubleTree Resort in Scottsdale on Nov. 6, 2018. David Wallace/The Republic
Gov. Doug Ducey speaks as Cindy McCain, the wife of the late Senator John McCain looks on during the Republican watch party at the DoubleTree Resort in Scottsdale on Nov. 6, 2018. David Wallace/The Republic
Greg Stanton, Democratic candidate for 9th District District, addresses the crowd at the election night watch party on Nov. 6, 2018 at the Renaissance Hotel in Phoenix. Rob Schumacher/The Republic
Phoenix mayoral candidate Kate Gallego is all smiles as she talks on the phone at the Hilton Garden Inn in Phoenix on Nov. 6, 2018. Darryl Webb/Special for The Republic
Phoenix mayoral candidate Kate Gallego gets a hug from a friend at the Hilton Garden Inn in Phoenix on Nov. 6, 2018. Darryl Webb/Special for The Republic
Phoenix mayoral candidate Kate Gallego talks to constituents at the Hilton Garden Inn in Phoenix on Nov. 6, 2018. Darryl Webb/Special for The Republic
Phoenix mayoral candidate Kate Gallego gets a round of applause from constituents at the Hilton Garden Inn in Phoenix on Nov. 6, 2018. Darryl Webb/Special for The Republic
Gov. Doug Ducey speaks to supporters Nov. 6, 2018, during the Arizona Republican Party Election Night party in Scottsdale. Ducey won his re-election against Democratic challenger David Garcia. Michael Chow/The Republic
Gov. Doug Ducey speaks as Cindy McCain, the wife of the late Sen. John McCain looks on during the Republican watch party at the DoubleTree Resort in Scottsdale on Nov. 6, 2018. David Wallace/The Republic
Gov. Doug Ducey speaks to supporters Nov. 6, 2018, during the Arizona Republican Party Election Night party in Scottsdale, Ariz. Ducey won his re-election against Democratic challenger David Garcia. Michael Chow/The Republic
Republicans watch the results roll in on Fox News early in the night at the DoubleTree Resort in Scottsdale on Nov. 6, 2018. Patrick Breen/The Republic
Congressional District 2 candidate Ann Kirkpatrick gives a victory speech Nov. 6, 2018, at the DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel in Tucson. Mike Christy/Arizona Daily Star
Democrat supporter Joey Czajkowski cheer to national results on CNN at the Renaissance Phoenix Downtown Hotel on Nov. 6, 2018. Nick Oza/The Republic
Democrat supporter Dale Dedrick cheers after hearing national results on CNN at the Renaissance Phoenix Downtown Hotel on Nov. 6, 2018. Nick Oza/The Republic
Democrat supporters wait in line to see candidates at the Renaissance Phoenix Downtown Hotel on Nov. 6, 2018. Nick Oza/The Republic
Democrat supporter Douglas Capitan checks his tweets at the Renaissance Phoenix Downtown Hotel on Nov. 6, 2018. Nick Oza/The Republic
Democrat supporters cheer after hearing national results on CNN at the Renaissance Phoenix Downtown Hotel on Nov. 6, 2018. Nick Oza/The Republic
Democrat supporters Olivia Scott talks to her daughter Talon Watchman, 11, while others watch the national results on CNN at the Renaissance Phoenix Downtown Hotel on Nov. 6, 2018. Nick Oza/The Republic
Democrat supporters watch national results on CNN at the Renaissance Phoenix Downtown Hotel on Nov. 6, 2018. Nick Oza/The Republic
Pinal County Sheriff Mark Lamb (left) talks to fellow Republicans at the Republican watch party at the DoubleTree Resort in Scottsdale on Election Day for the midterms on Tuesday, November 6, 2018. David Wallace/The Republic
Conservative television host Josh Bernstein and Laurie Gonzalez watch early election results at the Republican watch party at the DoubleTree Resort in Scottsdale on Election Day for the midterms on Tuesday, November 6, 2018. David Wallace/The Republic
Republican James Murr of Scottsdale watches early results during the Republican watch party at the DoubleTree Resort in Scottsdale on Election Day for the midterms on Tuesday, November 6, 2018. David Wallace/The Republic
Republicans Michael Jabri of Phoenix (left) of Phoenix and Ashur Warda of Peoria watch early results during the Republican watch party at the DoubleTree Resort in Scottsdale on Election Day for the midterms on Tuesday, November 6, 2018. David Wallace/The Republic
Republican Ashur Warda (center) of Peoria watches early results during the Republican watch party at the DoubleTree Resort in Scottsdale on Election Day for the midterms on Tuesday, November 6, 2018. David Wallace/The Republic
Republican Stephen Fischer of Surprise watches early results during the Republican watch party at the DoubleTree Resort in Scottsdale on Election Day for the midterms on Tuesday, November 6, 2018. David Wallace/The Republic
Rep. Andy Biggs speaks during the Republican watch party at the DoubleTree Resort in Scottsdale on Election Day for the midterms on Tuesday, November 6, 2018. David Wallace/The Republic
Congressman Andy Biggs speaks during the Arizona Republican Party Election Night party in Scottsdale Nov. 6, 2018. Michael Chow/The Republic
U.S. Representative David Schweikert speaks during the Republican watch party at the DoubleTree Resort in Scottsdale on Election Day for the midterms on Tuesday, November 6, 2018. David Wallace/The Republic
U.S. Representative David Schweikert speaks as his wife, Joyce, kisses their daughter, Olivia, during the Republican watch party at the DoubleTree Resort in Scottsdale on Election Day for the midterms on Nov. 6, 2018. David Wallace/The Republic
Larry Hagan watches election returns at the Arizona Republican Party Election Night party in Scottsdale Nov. 6, 2018. Michael Chow/The Republic
Angie Peterson (left) and Teresa Lariviere watch early returns on a screen during the Arizona Republican Party Election Night party in Scottsdale Nov. 6, 2018. Michael Chow/The Republic
Supporters celebrate after a Fox News projects Republicans retain control of the Senate during the Arizona Republican Party Election Night party in Scottsdale Nov. 6, 2018. Michael Chow/The Republic
Rep. Debbie Lesko speaks to supporters during the Arizona Republican Party Election Night party in Scottsdale Nov. 6, 2018. The Republican incumbent is facing Democratic challenger Hiral Tipirneni for Arizona's 8th Congressional District. Michael Chow/The Republic
Arizona voters cast their ballots at Burton Barr Central Library, one of the polling places on Nov. 6, 2018 Nick Oza, Nick Oza/The Republic
Arizona voters cast their ballots at Burton Barr Central Library polling place on Nov. 6, 2018. Nick Oza/The Republic
Rudy Rangel (left) and Bryan Mulloy help themselves to pizza while waiting in line to vote at the Tempe History Museum in Ariz. Nov. 6, 2018. An anonymous person bought pizza for people in line. Michael Chow/The Republic
Voters wait in line to to cast their ballots at a polling station at the Tempe History Museum in Ariz. Nov. 6, 2018. Michael Chow/The Republic
Arizona State University students wait in line for up to 2 1/2 hours to vote at the polling place on the ASU Tempe campus on Nov. 6, 2018. David Wallace/The Republic
Arizona State University students wait in line to vote at the polling place at ASU's Tempe campus on Nov. 6, 2018. David Wallace/The Republic
Arizona State University student Alex Riordan (left) and other ASU students wait in line to vote at the polling place at ASU's Tempe campus on Nov. 6, 2018. Riordan is a first time voter. David Wallace/The Republic
Greg Stanton, a Democrat running for U.S. Congress in Arizona's 9th Congressional District, shakes hands with Arizona State University students as they wait in line to vote at the polling place at ASU's Tempe campus on Nov. 6, 2018. David Wallace/The Republic
Arizona State University student Urban Stewart (center right) high fives other ASU students as they wait in line to vote at the polling place at ASU's Tempe campus on Nov. 6, 2018. David Wallace/The Republic
Voters wait in line to vote at the Tempe History Museum in Arizona on Nov. 6, 2018. Michael Chow/The Republic
Eve Beresford, 18, gets help filling out her early ballot from her mom, Celia, outside a polling station at the Tempe History Museum in Arizona on Nov. 6, 2018. Michael Chow/The Republic
Students at Arizona State University's Tempe campus were sent free pizza from Twitter users and the Arizona Democratic Party while waiting in line to vote on Election Day, Nov. 6, 2018. Lily Altavena/The Republic
The line at the polling location around 1 p.m. on the Arizona State University campus on Election Day, Nov. 6, 2018. Lily Altavena/The Republic
The line on the ASU main campus in Tempe at Palo Verde West dorm polling location was an hour long as of 12 p.m., according to a poll worker, Nov. 6, 2018. Jen Fifield/The Republic
Bill Pierce, candidate for state mine inspector, was talking to voters outside a polling place at the ASU main campus in Tempe, Nov. 6, 2018. Jen Fifield/The Republic
Voters wait in line near the Gila polling site in Chandler. The poll workers were locked out of the site after the tenant did not pay their rent. Workers moved the polling site to the south side of the building in an empty suite, Nov. 6, 2018. Cheryl Evans/The Republic
Rep. Kyrsten Sinema, D-Ariz., the Democratic candidate for Arizona's U.S. Senate seat greets Leanna Huerta and her children Xavier and Alexandreia outside a polling center on Nov. 6, 2018 at the Burton Barr Central Library in Phoenix. Rob Schumacher/The Republic
Rep. Kyrsten Sinema, D-Ariz., the Democratic candidate for Arizona's U.S. Senate seat, talks to the media outside a polling center on Nov. 6, 2018 at the Burton Barr Central Library in Phoenix. Rob Schumacher/The Republic
Rep. Kyrsten Sinema, D-Ariz., the Democratic candidate for Arizona's U.S. Senate seat, thanks a couple for voting outside a polling center on Nov. 6, 2018 at the Burton Barr Central Library in Phoenix. Rob Schumacher/The Republic
Rep. Kyrsten Sinema, D-Ariz., the Democratic candidate for Arizona's U.S. Senate seat, stops at America's Taco Shop on Nov. 6, 2018 in Phoenix. Rob Schumacher/The Republic
Rep. Kyrsten Sinema, D-Ariz., the Democratic candidate for the Arizona's U.S. Senate seat, talks to the media at America's Taco Shop on Nov. 6, 2018 in Phoenix. Rob Schumacher/The Republic
Skip Chase owner of Chase's Diner in Chandler and his daughter Jennifer, right, visits with Rep. Martha McSally on Election Day, Nov. 6, 2018. Cheryl Evans/The Republic
Rep. Martha McSally makes a stop at Chase's Diner in Chandler on Election Day, Nov. 6, 2018. Cheryl Evans/The Republic
Luke Mosiman, 17, of Mesa, shakes hands with Rep. Martha McSally on Election Day at Chase's Diner in Chandler, Nov. 6, 2018. Cheryl Evans/The Republic
Terry (right) and Betty O'Donnell leave the polling place after casting their ballots, Nov. 6, 2018, at Lakeview Rec Center, 10626 W. Thunderbird Blvd. in Sun City. Mark Henle/The Republic
Jim Carper leaves the polling place after casting his ballot, Nov. 6, 2018, at Lakeview Rec Center, 10626 W. Thunderbird Blvd. in Sun City. Mark Henle, Mark Henle/The Republic
Voting sign, Nov. 6, 2018, at Lakeview Rec Center, 10626 W. Thunderbird Blvd. in Sun City. Mark Henle, Mark Henle/The Republic
A portrait of Don Johne after he voted, Nov. 6, 2018, at Lakeview Rec Center, 10626 W. Thunderbird Blvd. in Sun City. Mark Henle/The Republic
Kurt Goeing arrives to drop off his ballot, Nov. 6, 2018, at Glendale Elementary School District, 7301 N. 58th Ave. in Glendale. Mark Henle/The Republic
Michael Abril takes a selfie with his daughter, Hazel Abril, 3, before they go in for him to vote, Nov. 6, 2018, Glendale Elementary School District, 7301 N. 58th Ave. in Glendale. Mark Henle/The Republic
Terri Bailey arrives to drop off her ballot, Nov. 6, 2018, at the Burton Barr Library, 1221 N. Central Ave. in Phoenix. Mark Henle/The Republic
Gov. Doug Ducey heads to his polling place in Paradise Valley to drop off his ballot around 8:40 a.m., Nov. 6, 2018. Maria Polletta/The Republic
Jonathan Maldonado (left) and his sister, Yolanda Medina count voters as they arrive, Nov. 6, 2018, at Glendale Elementary School District, 7301 N. 58th Ave. in Glendale. Over 60 votes were cast at this poll before 9 a.m. Mark Henle/The Republic
A voter leaves the polling place after casting his ballot, Nov. 6, 2018 at the Burton Barr Library, 1221 N. Central Ave. in Phoenix. Mark Henle/The Republic
Voters wait in line near the Gila polling site in Chandler. The poll workers were locked out of the site after the tenant did not pay their rent. Poll workers set up a temporary location in front of a nearby store, Nov. 6, 2018. Cheryl Evans/The Republic
Offline printers created long lines for voters at Chandler City Hall on Election Day, Nov. 6, 2018. Cheryl Evans/The Republic
Voters leave the polling place after casting his ballot, Nov. 6, 2018, at the Burton Barr Library, 1221 N. Central Ave. in Phoenix. Mark Henle/The Republic
Workers scramble to set up a new polling site after being locked out of the Gila polling site in Chandler due to the tenants' failure to pay rent, Nov. 6, 2018. Cheryl Evans/The Republic
Voters wait for the polls to open, Nov. 6, 2018, at the Burton Barr Library, 1221 N. Central Ave. in Phoenix. Mark Henle/The Republic
Voters wait for the polls to open, Nov. 6, 2018, at the Burton Barr Library, 1221 N. Central Ave. in Phoenix. Mark Henle, Mark Henle/The Republic
Due to the failure to pay rent the landlord changed the locks on the door preventing access to the Gila polling place in Chandler, Nov. 6, 2018. Cheryl Evans/The Republic
Inspector Eileen Wendt looks at a sign from the landlord that says the tenant did not pay rent and the locks have been changed preventing access to the Gila polling place in Chandler, Nov. 6, 2018. Cheryl Evans/The Republic
Due to the failure to pay rent the landlord changed the locks on the door preventing access to the Gila polling place in Chandler. Cheryl Evans/The Republic
Voters arrive at a polling place on Arizona Avenue in Chandler to find the doors padlocked, Nov. 6, 2018. Maddie Johnson/The Republic
The Arizona Corporation Commission, five elected officials who regulate utility rates and policies, has its own mandate that electric companies get 15 percent of their power from renewables by 2025. They are considering an increase in that standard to get 80 percent of the state's electricity from renewables and nuclear energy by 2050.
Opponents of Prop. 127 said that such measures are best implemented by the Corporation Commission, which can amend the plan over time. Prop. 127 would change the state constitution and not give utility regulators much wiggle room in how the plan is implemented.
The total spent by various committees on the measure reached $54.7 million as of Oct. 20, and continued to increase through Election Day. That includes:
$29.9 million from Arizonans for Affordable Electricity, funded by APS' parent company opposing the measure.
$23.2 million from Clean Energy for a Healthy Arizona, funded by NextGen to promote the measure.
$785,000 from Save Native American Families, funded by the Navajo Nation opposing the measure.
$734,000 from Vote No Arizona, funded by rural electric companies opposing the measure.
$97,000 from Southern Arizonans for Responsible Energy, funded by Unisource Energy Corp. and the Tucson Metro Chamber opposing the measure.
$16,000 from Responsible Energy for Mohave County, funded by Unisource Energy Corp. opposing the measure.
The spending easily tops the 2002 tribal gaming issue that drew three competing ballot measures, with a combined $39 million spent on those campaigns.
VOTING PROBLEMS? We’re part of ProPublica's Electionland project, a collaboration of newsrooms across the country tracking voting problems on Election Day. You can help us by signing up now. Text VOTE to 81380. You can also use WhatsApp to contact us at +1 850 909-8683 or reach us through Facebook Messenger here: http://m.me/electionland.
Read or Share this story: https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/politics/elections/2018/11/06/arizona-prop-127-election-results-voters-decide-energy-mandate-rules/1809288002/
Family Dollar operating without AC for weeks as workers suffer
Arizona pension boss fired for sexual harassing, spying on staff
What happened to the flags on the moon? AZ prof has the answer
How a Phoenix cop survived a shooting and the decades after
Brittany Zamora arrives at Perryville Prison for 20-year sentence
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1938
|
__label__cc
| 0.588501
| 0.411499
|
Where did that Verde River water wheel come from?
It powered a miner's hopes during the Great Depression.
Where did that Verde River water wheel come from? It powered a miner's hopes during the Great Depression. Check out this story on azcentral.com: http://azc.cc/1IMIiYn
Clay Thompson, The Republic | azcentral.com Published 10:45 a.m. MT July 9, 2015
Melissa Brooks, left, sits with her dogs as, left to right, Emily Daniels, 13, Delaney Brooks, 8, Dylan Brooks, 12, and Caden Bowman, 12, lay out on the rocks near some rapids at Water Wheel recreational area on Houston Mesa Road just north of Payson in Tonto National Forest on July 6, 2015.(Photo: Isaac Hale/The Republic)
There is an old water wheel on the East Verde River along Houston Mesa Road north of Payson. I know there once was mining activity in the area, as well as some farming downstream at Beaver Valley. Do you know or can you find out who built the water wheel and what it was used for originally?
This is your lucky day. Actually, it's my lucky day because this isn't going to require much work on my part.
That's because there recently was a very helpful article by the very helpful Stan Brown in the very helpful Payson Roundup about this very subject.
According to Brown, the water wheel was installed by James "Dave" Greer to power a mining claim during the Great Depression.
Apparently the Depression sent a lot of people along the Mogollon Rim in search of mineral wealth.
MORE: Clay Thompson columns
Greer's water wheel was built by a metal-working class in Phoenix. To the wheel he attached cut-down milk cans that dipped into a creek, according to my new best friend Brown. The cans were lifted to the top of the wheel, where they emptied into a funnel pipe to an iron tank to a sluice box.
To crush the ore, Greer used the water wheel to power a crusher.
Greer sold his claim in the 1940s. The gold eventually petered out and the wheel was abandoned for lack of production.
Today, the area is popular place to swim and hike.
RELATED: Recreation abounds on Payson's Houston Mesa Road
E-mail Clay at clay.thompson@arizonarepublic.com.
Read or Share this story: http://azc.cc/1IMIiYn
Frontier launches 4 new flights including San Diego
How Beyonce's 'Lion King' shoot shut down Havasu Falls
Aerial images of Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge show light crowds
Luxury resort in Scottsdale upgrading 1 pool, posh suites
Is Universal's new Jurassic World ride better than the old one?
Why was Beyoncé in Arizona?
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1939
|
__label__wiki
| 0.638692
| 0.638692
|
Baltimore's Esperanza Center nonprofit opens in temporary location three weeks after fire
By Thalia Juarez |
| The Baltimore Sun |
Catholic Charities’ Esperanza Center has reopened in a temporary location three weeks after a nearby fire damaged its building in the 400 block of S. Broadway.
A staple in the immigrant community for its health, education and legal services, the nonprofit began serving clients Monday around the corner from its longtime home, at the Assisi House, located behind St. Patrick’s Church at 1728 E. Bank St.
Leer en español »
The center was forced to close after suffering extensive damage from a Sept. 7 fire at Budeke's Paints.
“We were very lucky our building didn’t burn, but the entire building was damaged by water and smoke,” said Valerie Twanmoh, the center’s director.
From the temporary location, the Esperanza Center is offering client services, including referrals and English as a second language classes. It expects its health clinic to reopen next week. In the meantime, clients can still renew prescriptions and get answers to basic health questions.
Since the fire, the center’s lawyers have continued to provide immigration legal services to existing clients, operating out of other offices in the community, but haven’t determined when they’ll be able to begin taking new clients.
Family reunification and assistance to immigrant victims of human trafficking have not been interrupted.
Latest Baltimore City
Elijah Cummings faced hate when integrating a Baltimore pool. Decades later, Trump’s tweets reopen old wounds.
New Baltimore Police crime plan calls for 10-minute response time to serious calls
Here are 5 main takeaways from Baltimore Police commissioner Harrison’s new crime plan
Woman dies in Southwest Baltimore shooting
Twanmoh said the center’s 37 employees have been busy since the fire ordering supplies, getting equipment and setting up to provide services at the temporary location, where the center could remain for as long as six months.
“It's more important than ever for us to be here … and meet the needs of our clients, support them, make sure they’re armed with accurate information about what’s going on so we’re very grateful to be able to start doing that again this week,” Twanmoh said.
150-year-old paint shop in Fells Point damaged in four-alarm fire
By Sarah Meehan
Most Read • Baltimore City
Baltimore’s ‘traffic nightmare’: Artscape, sinkhole and Orioles combine to cause major road issues
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1942
|
__label__cc
| 0.633999
| 0.366001
|
La Biennale di Venezia
Venice Biennale media kit 2019
International Media Contact:
Alison Buchbinder, alison.buchbinder@finnpartners.com, +1 646 688 7826
National Media Contact:
Katrina Hall, kathall@ozemail.com.au +61 421 153 046
Australia Council Media contact:
Brianna Roberts, Media Manager
Australia Council for the Arts
Email: b.roberts@australiacouncil.gov.au
8 May 2019: Angelica Mesiti’s ASSEMBLY officially opened in the Australian Pavilion at the 58th International Art Exhibition of La Biennale di Venezia.
8 May 2019: Padiglione Australia presenta ASSEMBLY una mostra personale di Angelica Mesiti
8 May 2019: Australian Pavilion to present Angelica Mesiti’s solo exhibition ASSEMBLY
19 March 2019: New details announced for ASSEMBLY, Angelica Mesiti's exhibition at the Biennale Arte 2019
1 February 2019: Ambitious Australian arts professionals to assemble in Venice
11 December 2018: ASSEMBLY Angelica Mesiti’s Exhibition for the Australian Pavilion at the 2019 Biennale di Venezia
9 March 2018: Announcing Australian artist for Venice Biennale 2019
Images may be used only by media in coverage of Angelica Mesiti’s ASSEMBLY. Images will be downloaded with the full caption and conditions of use guidelines. By downloading these images, you agree to accept these conditions. For additional image requests, please contact Katrina Hall.
Images - Print Resolution
Images - Screen Resolution
Venice team Biographies
Biennale Arte 2021: applications open
Biennale News
Art Guide Australia: Ensemble Piece
When Angelica Mesiti debuted her acclaimed 2012 video work Citizen Band at the Australian Centre for Contemporary Art, then-director Juliana Engberg told her quietly at the opening, “I’m going to take you to Venice.” It took a few years, but Engberg was true to her word. Selecting from almost 70 proposals, the Australia Council for the Arts commissioned Mesiti and Engberg as the artist-curator team for the 2019 Venice Biennale.
Frieze’s Guide to Venice: What To See at This Year’s Biennale
Your guide to the best on view in Venice – from national pavilions to collateral events and museum shows, from the Giardini to Giudecca
Artlyst: Twenty Unmissable Pavilions at 58th Venice Biennale – Artlyst
Australian Pavilion – ASSEMBLY: Angelica Mesiti The exhibition features a multi-screen installation titled “ASSEMBLY”, in which artist Angelica Mesiti experiments through various figures of polyphony, cacophony, dissonance and harmony. The artist explores the potentialities of the translation from a mean of expression to another, with a particular interest in the movement from verbal languages to non-verbal and musical ones.
ABC: Australian Pavilion at Venice Biennale will house poetic vision of pluralist, democratic society
With the Venice Biennale kicking off in less than two months, Australian artist Angelica Mesiti and curator Juliana Engberg have revealed details of the artwork taking over the Australian Pavilion.
Artistic Team 2019 - Angelica Mesiti
Angelica Mesiti (b. 1976) lives and works between Paris and Sydney. She is currently presenting a solo exhibition at the Palais de Tokyo Paris, and has previously held solo exhibitions at MAXXI Rome, Musée d’Art Contemporain de Montréal, O Space, Aarhus, Williams College Museum of Art Massachusetts, and Nikolaj Kunsthal Copenhagen. Her work is held in national and international collections including the National Gallery of Australia, Museum of Contemporary Art Australia, Art Gallery of New South Wales, Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art, FRAC Franche-Compté France, and Kadist Art Foundation Paris/San Francisco.
Angelica Mesiti is represented in Australia by Anna Schwartz Gallery and in Paris by Galerie Allen.
Credit: Zan Wimberley
Artist's Work
Artistic Team 2019 - Juliana Engberg
Juliana Engberg is a curator, writer and cultural producer. Her recent projects include being programme director and commissioner of the European Capital of Culture Aarhus 2017; artistic director of the 19th Biennale of Sydney: You Imagine What You Desire; artistic director at the Australian Centre for Contemporary Art; curator of the visual arts programmes of the Edinburgh, Melbourne and Adelaide International Festivals; and artistic director of the Melbourne International Biennial: Signs of Life.
Her book En Route is published by MUP. She is a fellow of Goodenough College, London; adjunct professor at RMIT University, Melbourne and a professional fellow at Monash University, Melbourne in the faculties of Architecture, Art and Design.
Image Credit: Zan Wimberley
Kerry Gardner AM, Chair of the Venice Council
Kerry Gardner is a documentary film maker with a deep background in the arts, philanthropy and non-profit leadership, and is a champion of public/ private partnership.
She has served as Deputy Chair on the boards of the Heide Museum of Modern Art and the Malthouse Theatre, and as a Director of the Museum of Contemporary Art Australia, the Australian Chamber Orchestra and the Great Barrier Reef Foundation.
In February 2018 she was appointed Chair of the Venice Council, successfully helming the Australia Council’s fundraising for the Biennale Arte 2019, as well as redesigning the donor experience program for patrons and establishing an International Patrons’ Program based in London.
CO-INVESTING TO DELIVER AUSTRALIA'S REPRESENTATION AT La Biennale di Venezia
Australia has been represented at La Biennale di Venezia since 1954 by 39 distinguished contemporary visual artists. Reserve your place as a Champion or discuss other ways you would like to be part of ‘Australia at Venice'
International Strategic Initiatives
Sotheby's, 9 May 2019
Studio International, 8 May 2019
Sydney Morning Herald, 8 May 2019
Art Guide Australia, 8 May 2019
Frieze, 6 May 2019
Artlyst, 2 May 2019
Christie's, 30 April 2019
ABC News, 20 March 2019
Australian Financial Review, 19 March 2019
Sydney Morning Herald, 19 March 2019
UNSW Newsroom, 19 March 2019
The Age, 19 March 2019
The Canberra Times, 19 March 2019
WAtoday, 19 March 2019
e-flux, 19 March 2019
ArtsHub, 19 March 2019
Blouinartinfo, 31 January 2019
Latte Luxury News, 18 January 2019
Sydney Morning Herald, 22 January 2019
ArtsHub, 4 January 2019
The Age, 21 December 2018
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1943
|
__label__cc
| 0.656539
| 0.343461
|
Diplomat, Expat & NATO Sales
by A.V.U.S.-Automobile | serving the international community since 1979
Military / NATO
Pricing / Models
Leasing, Financing & Insurance
Factory Delivery Experience
Bundeswehr / NATO
Diplomaten
Modelle & Basispreise
Special offers for staff of diplomatic missions (embassies / consulates) as well as employees of EU institutions (ECB, ESA, EIOPA, etc.) and other intergovernmental organizations
Moving to Germany? Find your best car deal while living abroad! Our program ensures mobility for expats looking for a car to drive in Germany. Safe and hassle-free purchase.
We are proud to serve those who serve us: Exclusive benefits for servicemembers or civilian employees of NATO member countries’ armed forces who are stationed abroad.
S80 Luxury Edition (U.S. spec)
03-Nov-2015 22-Apr-2016 avusteam
The S80 is the perfect embodiment of elegance and driving pleasure and with the launch of model year 2016 we can conclude that it has never been better. Our new offer for U.S. military personell / diplomats / expats overseas includes a fully loaded S80 at a very attractive fixed price: $35,995
Volvo XC90 awarded top safety rating by IIHS
02-Oct-2015 02-Oct-2015 avusteam
Volvo Cars’ XC90 has been awarded the highest possible safety rating from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), underscoring its position as one of the safest cars on the road today.
The seven seat SUV was awarded a Top Safety Pick+ rating, which is only given to cars that achieve full scores in all crashworthiness and front crash prevention tests and which excel in both preventive and protective safety performance. Read more →
Turned your computer off?
14-Jul-2015 avusteam
Turned your computer off? Good.
Now get out and play. Let’s face it. Life in the city can only take you so far, and that’s not very far. When it comes to experiences on a grand scale, you need to leave it all behind. You also need a car to take you to wherever that place might be. The Volvo V60 Cross Country with AWD will take you to roads with the most demanding conditions. And to have the least possible impact on nature, our V60 Cross Country with Drive-E engines combine high performance with low fuel consumption and reduced emissions. So, get out there and play. There’s really no excuse not to, is there?
To complete the outdoor family, the V60 Cross Country is joined by the new Volvo S60 Cross Country.
Volvo City Safety cuts accident claims by 28%
11-Jun-2015 11-Jun-2015 avusteam
One of the most comprehensive scientific studies performed on collision avoidance systems in cars reveals that Volvo Cars’ standard City Safety technology reduces insurance claims for rear-end frontal collisions by 28 per cent.
Based on real-life accumulated insurance claims data from the Swedish insurers If and Volvia, the study of City Safety performance conclusively reveals the real-life value of auto braking collision avoidance systems.
The main benefit of City Safety is its ability to reduce the incidence of whiplash and other neck-related injuries caused by low-speed traffic accidents. The secondary benefit to Volvo car drivers is a reduction in accident damage to their cars and the costs that this incurs.
Volvo XC90 Excellence unveiled
06-May-2015 07-May-2015 avusteam
Volvo Cars unveiled the most luxurious vehicle ever built by the Swedish company in its 88 year history at the Shanghai International Automobile Show – an elegant and refined four-seat version of its recently launched XC90.
The XC90 Excellence has been crafted by Volvo’s designers and engineers to offer customers a distinct and individual automotive experience that incorporates the latest Scandinavian innovations in design, refinement, comfort and style.
Vintersaga – Made By Sweden
02-Mar-2015 02-Mar-2015 avusteam
fun, lifestyle
03-Feb-2015 03-Feb-2015 avusteam
general, lifestyle
Everything we do starts with People
29-Jan-2015 29-Jan-2015 avusteam
Volvo takes Cross Country brand into sedan territory
Volvo Cars is stepping up to meet the demands of its core customers with the unveiling of the exciting S60 Cross Country at the Detroit Auto Show.
Back in 1997, when Volvo was the first premium brand to introduce an all-road capable variant of its successful wagons, no one could predict the future success of the crossover concept. Today, the crossover is ubiquitous and has helped to define a whole new category of lifestyle vehicle. Volvo is once again taking a bold step forward – this time in the luxury sedan segment – with the unveiling of the S60 Cross Country – the first premium sedan with the same level of capability and rugged design cues of the renowned Cross Country wagons.
Volvo V60 Cross Country – The Descent
09-Dec-2014 avusteam
lifestyle, product news
Affiliation Diplomat Military Expat
We will use the information you provide on this form to send you our periodic newsletter. We use MailChimp as our marketing automation platform. By clicking below to submit this form, you acknowledge that the information you provide will be used in accordance with our Privacy Policy and will be transferred to MailChimp for processing in accordance with their Privacy Policy and Terms.
How to unsubscribe:
You can change your mind at any time by clicking the unsubscribe link in the footer of any email you receive from us, or by contacting us at info@avus-automobile.com.
Archives Select Month June 2019 May 2019 March 2019 February 2019 January 2019 December 2018 September 2018 July 2018 June 2018 May 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 December 2017 September 2017 June 2017 March 2017 December 2016 September 2016 August 2016 June 2016 May 2016 March 2016 February 2016 December 2015 November 2015 October 2015 July 2015 June 2015 May 2015 March 2015 February 2015 January 2015 December 2014 November 2014 October 2014 September 2014 August 2014 July 2014
Categories Select Category fun general lifestyle product news promotions
Copyright © 1997 - 2019 A.V.U.S.-Automobile e.K.
Legal Notice / Agency Disclosure | Impressum & rechtliche Hinweise
Privacy Policy | Datenschutzerklärung
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1946
|
__label__cc
| 0.698872
| 0.301128
|
Contacts Maps My Bangor Site Search Cymraeg
College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering
How to prepare a draft Impact Case Study
Documentation from Meetings
Research with Impact
A World of Hepaticas by John Massey VMH
Len Beer Memorial Lecture (Treborth Botanic Garden)
Main Arts Lecture Theatre, Bangor University, College Road, Bangor LL57 2DG
Thursday 28 March 2019, 19:30–22:00
Treborth Botanic Garden
Hazel Cave (Secretary)
For this year’s Len Beer Memorial lecture the Friends of Treborth Botanic Garden and the Alpine Garden Society we welcome John Massey VHM to present a lecture on one of his many passions, Hepaticas.
John has spent many years growing these beautiful, delicate early spring flowering plants (relatives of Anemones and Buttercups) and has travelled around the world to find each separate species in its natural habitat, to study it and subsequently bring that knowledge back to the garden to improve their cultivations. He has also spent many years carefully producing and nurturing hybrids, exploring the range of form available while always looking for new good garden plants. All of this knowledge and passion he will bring together in his lecture to wow us with these beautiful plants.
John is the owner of Ashwood Nursery in the West Midlands which is famous for its award winning Hellebores along with extensive collections of Lewisias, Cyclamen, Hepaticas and many other unusual and interesting plants. Last year John and Ashwood won a Gold Medal and the President’s Award for a display of Hellebores in flower at the Chelsea Flower show, a fitting follow up to a Gold Medal and The Diamond Jubilee award in 2016 for a wonderful display of Hepaticas also in flower at Chelsea.
Email: marketing@bangor.ac.uk
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1952
|
__label__wiki
| 0.728012
| 0.728012
|
Cotuit tops Barnstable, clinches 4th straight Patriot Cup title
By Mike Richard news@barnstablepatriot.com
Jul 9, 2019 at 7:15 AM Jul 9, 2019 at 7:15 AM
The prized Patriot Cup, emblematic of the Barnstable-based rivalry between villages, will reside in Cotuit for the fourth consecutive year. The Kettleers made sure of it with a convincing 16-4 victory over Hyannis on July 5.
Matthew Mervis (Duke) got the 15-hit attack started in the first with a two-run homer, and Cotuit never looked back, scoring in seven of the nine innings.
The Kettleers led 4-0 in the fourth, but the home Hyannis squad grabbed a three-spot in their half of the inning to close it to 4-3 as Jordan Westburg (Mississippi State) belted a three-run homer.
From there, the Kettleers scored 10 runs over the next three innings to put the game away.
Marvis led the Cotuit onslaught with four hits, including a double and home run. Casey Schmitt (San Diego State) had three hits, while Cam Hill (Kentucky) and Christian Robinson (Stanford) had two each. Nick Gonzales (New Mexico State) and Allbry Major (Xavier) both doubled, and Parker Chavers (Coastal Carolina) added a home run.
For the Harbor Hawks, who actually had 12 hits for the game, Westburg had another hit to with his home run, and Edouard Julien (Auburn) had two hits including a double.
Kyle Nicholas (Ball State) pitched 2.2 innings and struck out two for the Cotuit victory.
This was the fourth consecutive season victory by Cotuit over Hyannis, winning them the Patriot Cup trophy, sponsored by The Barnstable Patriot.
It also marks a record fourth consecutive season a team has dominated the cup. The previous best was three consecutive seasons between 2012-14, also won by Cotuit.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0083.json.gz/line1956
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.