pred_label
stringclasses 2
values | pred_label_prob
float64 0.5
1
| wiki_prob
float64 0.25
1
| text
stringlengths 134
1.01M
| source
stringlengths 39
45
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
__label__cc
| 0.649433
| 0.350567
|
CCW holder confronts man who just fatally stabbed a woman (VIDEO)
An employee at a food court in Seattle’s busy Center Armory last week sprang into action to help contain a man who had just violently stabbed a woman in public.
The exchange, shown in the above video from King 5 News, shows the employee — concealed carrier Scott Brown — holding his handgun on David Lee Morris just moments after the man allegedly stabbed Gabrielle Maria Garcia in the throat. Brown can be seen maintaining a gap between himself and Morris, holding his attention as the man continues to walk towards him through the crowded urban center. The subject shrugs off pepper spray from a bystander and resumes his interaction with Brown.
Finally, police arrive and authorities move in to taser Morris, taking him into custody.
Garcia, 28, was the mother of Morris’s five-year-old child, over which the two were arguing about custody. She was rushed to an area hospital but later died of her injuries, reports The Seattle Times. She had sought a temporary protection order against Morris last month, who is now under investigation for first-degree murder.
Brown and co-worker Mike Carter had heard the commotion which caused the gun owner and carry permit holder to respond.
“I think about Scott’s heroism,” Carter said. “Do you want someone who just potentially tried to kill his girlfriend and wife — do you want that man’s attention on you?”
Morris is being held in the King County Jail in lieu of $2 million bail and, reports KATU, is expected to be formally charged this week.
The post CCW holder confronts man who just fatally stabbed a woman (VIDEO) appeared first on Guns.com.
Vanguard Vesta Compact 21 Binoculars Offer Clear Affordability
6 Best EOTech Holographic Sight Models [2018 Hands-On]
Concealed Carry on Summer Road Trips
Eric Jezierski July 13, 2019
Summer Vacation: Carrying While Beating the Heat (PHOTOS)
Jacki Billings July 12, 2019
Ed Brown releases new model in EVO series, EVO-KC9-LW
Jacki Billings July 3, 2019
https://slickgunsnews.com/ccw-holder-confronts-man-who-just-fatally-stabbed-a-woman-video">
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1746
|
__label__cc
| 0.709099
| 0.290901
|
Home livechat Freshdesk.Com Livechat Logo LiveChat Chat Software Review – 2019
Freshdesk.Com Livechat Logo LiveChat Chat Software Review – 2019
by newadmin July 14, 2017
Intro Freshdesk.Com Livechat Logo
Giving your applications the name of a whole Category of applications is rather a bold move. Their title”LiveChat” clearly sends a message out:”we would like to shape the market.” We’ll figure out whether that’s true. Freshdesk.Com Livechat Logo
It’s worth noting that unlike other providers in this space, LiveChat invoices you per concurrent user. That means one seat can be used by numerous agents, which can be particularly advantageous if your staff works in shifts.
You will find five different pricing tiers to choose from: the most affordable bundle”Starter” is priced at $16 a month. Should you want more than just four themes and a complete chat history, you should take a look at the”Team” ($33) program. The”Business” ($50) grade is designed for bigger teams and provides a staffing forecast in Addition to a job scheduler module.” Enterprise” gives you a dedicated account manager at a cost of $149 a month.
We know that when you create a decision to Purchase Live Chat Software it’s important not only to observe how pros assess it in their reviews, but also to discover whether the actual people and businesses which purchase it are really satisfied with the product. That is why we’ve created our behavior-based Client Satisfaction Algorithm”¢ that gathers customer reviews, opinions and LiveChat testimonials across a wide selection of social networking sites. The information is then presented in an easy to digest form showing how many people had positive and negative encounter with LiveChat. With that information at hand you ought to be equipped to make an informed buying decision that you won’t repent.
LiveChat is a chat and help desk application Meant for your service and support teams. It comes with tools that you could use for your online sales and promotion, web analytics, and live customer support or support requirements. The platform enables you and your team to converse to customers and possible customers directly on your sites and in real time.
There are 3 main components of LiveChat — a Online chat window, online control panel, and operator program. The operator application has cross platform capacities that enable logging in and chatting with people via desktop and mobile devices.
LiveChat offers a wide range of attributes and Abilities, and probably the greatest number of tools among the live chat options that we have reviewed. You get value for your money with functions and tools that include not only chat but additionally ticketing, customer participation, third party integration, file sharing, work scheduling, advanced reporting, multiple branding, information protection, geo-tagging, co-browsing, conversation surveys, and much more.
Additionally, it provides real-time Site traffic Tracking, dashboards and data, efficiency evaluation, and custom/standard or interactive reports. Aside from English, It’s also available in Many Significant languages such as Dutch, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, and Thai.
For more than a decade now, LiveChat has grown to Become among the most outstanding enterprise chat alternatives relied upon by leading global brands such as Tesla, Ikea, PayPal, and McDonalds, amongst others. It functions and integrates with heaps of different applications and platforms, extending the program’s functionality to add ecommerce, sales, CRM, email marketing, content management, accounting, and analytics, to mention some.
Overview of LiveChat Benefits
With LiveChat, you can also easily monitor your traffic in real time. You are able to check if they’re using shopping cart, or even abandoning an arrangement –and invite them to chat in case they do. Your helpdesk team agent can talk to more people in less time compared with a phone agent. The software can quickly generate reports for each of your helpdesk team representative, analyzing their amount of chats, time spent with a customer, or chat invitations. You get to assess the speed of your group’s answers and evaluate how to improve the ceremony. Freshdesk.Com Livechat Logo
While other comparable systems provide only basic live Chat with a couple extras, Live Chat provides full help desk performance with its own ticketing system built into the platform. For this alone, you gain a substantial advantage over the competition, allowing you to quickly resolve customer problems. It does the heavy lifting, which email and telephone can’t handle, and lets you remove lengthy queues while engaging customers with your fast replies. Its ticket management capability allows to source tickets from chat and emails, label tickets, and accept automatic follow-ups.
LiveChat Delivers a Wide Selection of chat and ticket Reports which may be used to spot areas which can be improved and optimized. It is possible to quantify chat duration, first response times, and queued visitors. These reports, together with staffing forecast, can enable you to adjust the number of agents to cover all chats. Customers can also see the number of chats, attained goals, and customer satisfaction levels. With complete visibility over your conversation history and performance metrics enable you to fine tune your workflows and operation to be more responsive to your client’s needs.
With LiveChat, you get a full suite of Customization options such as two chat window kinds (embedded or pop-up ), six pre-made themes for minimized or maximized chat window, custom chat window emblem, and customizable chat buttons. It also has its own custom CSS editor that provides you greater flexibility and control such as readily altering any portion of the chat window, both regarding looks in addition to behavior. You could even add your own social networking buttons so that your clients can reach your lover page straight from chat, and also customize agent profiles not only with titles and names but also with real photographs to get the best outcomes. Further, you get to use engagement images — eye-popping graphics and custom greetings and buttons — to enable an even more compelling experience for customers.
Efficiency is the name of this game for LiveChat. As Such, it’s an ideal online chat software tool for e-commerce sales and support that provides not just an efficient and reliable communications platform along with your clients, but also goals and sales tracker. Embedding a couple lines of code on your websites and you’re good to go, permitting a real-time instrument to engage and interact with your visitors or clients, and quantifying the outcomes of those participation. With support for more than 30 languages, compatibility with most browsers, and using native iOS and Android apps, you get anyplace, anytime worldwide access and functionality for your internet business. Freshdesk.Com Livechat Logo
Dave chats with Samantha And Kevin if he receives a chat from Jane. He sees in the history that she had been asking for a return policy. As he expects — she would like to return her shoes. As it is Simon who deals with returns, Dave transports Jane into Simon. Dave also tags the chat because”yield”.
Features: discussion history, transfer, tags
Problem: Customers left in their to wonder
Thanks to LiveChat Software, customer support representative, Dave, checks customers’ action on the site. He notices that John Parker spends some time on a specific merchandise page and decides to approach him to offer you some help. It turns out that John was unsure whether shoes were watertight or not. Dave informs John that these shoes are indeed waterproof, so John decides to make a purchase. John leaves a favorable feedback about business’s customer service.
Characteristics: visitors Tracking, post-chat survey, private greetings
Jane wants to Buy New shoes but she would like to understand what’s store’s return policy. She wants an answer to her question when possible but she doesn’t like making calls. Luckily, she can begin a conversation with a live chat representative. Jane types in her question oblivious that Dave can already see what she is writing. As her question is rather a common one, Dave enters a previously saved material, so he does not need to write it on. Jane sends her message and within a second she gets a link to the return policy along with a full explanation of steps she should take. She completes the chat and speeds it as good.
Characteristics: live chat, Message sneak-peek, canned responses, representative rating
LiveChat provides the following SMB and business pricing packages for users to pick from. A 30-day free trial is also available. Give the details that a look, and choose the best strategy for your business.
Starter Plan: $16 each seat/month billed annually (or $19 Billed monthly) Ideal for small office/home office
Team Plan: $33 a seat/month billed yearly (roughly $39 billed yearly ) Ideal for full-time assistance team
Company Plan: $50 per seat/month billed annually (or $59 billed monthly) Ideal for customer support department
Enterprise Plan: $149 Per seat/month billed just per year Ideal for Fortune 500 companies
LiveChat is one of those products we thoroughly enjoyed reviewing. It just works extremely well and is enjoyable to use. We’re also surprised that compared to ClickDesk, which we had on our site before, the number of chat requests skyrocketed. Though we used the exact same setup (automatic trigger after 3 minutes).
A feature that sets them apart from their competition is the new ticketing system. Offline messages go into this channel and can be managed more easily by your group with various statuses (open, pending, solved).
It’s not the cheapest live chat software but certainly among the best. Their service is top notch and, at the risk of repeating myself: the user-experience by using their applications is just fantastic. If Apple were thinking of acquiring a live chat software, I believe that they would need to look no more. Freshdesk.Com Livechat Logo
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1751
|
__label__cc
| 0.590332
| 0.409668
|
Sue Reynolds set to line up and achieve World Triathlon dream on the Gold Coast
by Courtney Akrigg on 06 Sep, 2018 02:07 • Español
Sue Reynolds was unhealthily obese, she was unable to tie her own shoe laces and had no idea about the impact that sport would have on her life.
Now 64 years of age, Sue has lost 90kg of body weight over the past five years.
“In 2012, I was morbidly obese. I couldn’t even tie my own shoes and had no idea that I liked sports. Over a five-year period, I lost 200 pounds through sound nutrition and exercise, fell in love with triathlon and ended up placing sixth in the draft-legal sprint event at the 2017 ITU World Triathlon Championship in Rotterdam.”
Why triathlon?
“When I first started exercising, triathlon became my secret daydream. However, I never thought I’d actually do one.”
“For my first “workout” I walked to the neighbour’s driveway and back (about 300 meters) and was close to red-lining! I walked a little farther each day until I could walk a 5k without stopping.. Next, I focussed on swimming. I enrolled in a water aerobics class and started swimming a few laps. Finally, I took a spin class and began riding my bike around the neighbourhood.”
“I didn’t know any triathletes and had never been to a triathlon. I found a book called When Big Boys Tri about an overweight man who did sprint triathlons and read it cover to cover. I figured if he did it, I could do it. I registered for my first sprint triathlon. I kept everything a secret. The only one who I was attempting a triathlon was my husband.”
“On the morning of my first triathlon, I was terrified. I had no idea what I was doing. In my first transition, I put on clothes over my bathing suit, brushed my hair and ate a sandwich! I finished dead last, but I felt like I had won the Olympics! I was hooked!”
Reynolds is now hooked on the sport and thrives across all disciplines but especially loves the power on the bike.
“I love the bike. There’s just something about riding with the wind in my face that makes me feel like I’m ten years old again. I love powering a finely tuned machine with my muscles and feeling how the bike responds as I corner. I just love everything about bikes.”
The 64-year-old attests that the triathlon community are supportive and have been an influential and inspiring part of her journey to today.
“The triathlon community is truly unique. When I’m in transition before a race with all the other triathletes, I always feel like I’m in the happiest place on earth. I love witnessing how everyone encourages, helps and supports one another. I love how we all celebrate each other’s dreams and accomplishments.”
“The kindness of the triathlon community was immensely helpful as I strived to transform my life.”
“They gave me hope. They kept me going when I started and still keep me going today. I’ve never experienced any community like the triathlon community.”
In 2018 Sue Reynolds will once again line up to contest on an honourable world stage, as a team USA representative, at the 2018 World Triathlon Grand Final Gold Coast, to represent Triathlon USA with honour.
“There is no bigger race than the World Championship. I am motivated to reach each of my process goals so I come to Worlds ready to perform on race day.”
“My husband, Brian, will be in Gold Coast to support me before and on race day. My family, friends, and work colleagues will follow my race progress on the internet and cheer from afar.”
“I look forward to being surrounded by people from around the world whose love for triathlon is just like mine. The experience at Worlds always reminds me that while our countries may be vastly different, in our hearts, we are all pretty much the same. I love seeing AUS, MEX, CAN, GBR and other country codes on triathlete’s uniforms. I’m touched as people from different countries shout encouragement to me as I run. The kindness found within the triathlon community is worldwide.”
“I am inspired in different ways by different people. The kindness found within the triathlon community is worldwide.”
“Externally, my coach inspires me. When I first started doing triathlon as a morbidly obese person, he saw things in me that I didn’t see in myself and then helped me see those things too. My original goal was to be an alternate for Team USA and Worlds. My coach said, “Let’s not be an alternate. let’s make the team!” I trust his training plan and love the challenge of following the workouts he writes. No excuses, whatever it takes. His belief in me inspires me to reach his expectations.”
“Internally, I’m inspired by curiosity. I see something difficult and wonder if I could do it. I ask myself, “If I work really hard, pay attention to every detail and take no short-cuts, could I do that?” I am inspired by setting goals, working hard, and seeing progress.,” Reynolds said.
“During races, I am inspired by friends and family members who face physical challenges every day with courage and grace. While I choose to suffer the temporary pain that I feel during a race, they did not choose to endure the constant pain they feel on a daily basis. When I think of the grit they demonstrate on a daily basis, I am inspired to keep going when things get tough during a race. I write their names on the palm of my hand prior to each race.”
“On race morning, I am always very calm. I figure at this point, the work is done. I know the course. I know my race plan. I am ready.”
“I am living the dream.”
The highly ambitious and motivated triathlete concluded by highlighting these main points as part of her journey to the start line:
1. People can transform your life at any age.
2. People can lose 100+ pounds without surgery or drugs.
3. People can reach big goals by making a series of sound choices or time.
4. Kindness can change a life.
5. Triathlon is for everyone!
It’s time to gear up for World Triathlon action in Queensland, Australia, as triathletes, sports fans and the wider community ride the wave to the World Triathlon Grand Final start line.
TRIATHLON LIVE
AG, Junior, U23, and Para races will be streamed for free to triathlonlive.tv/goldcoast and to the World Triathlon Facebook page.
The Elite races will be streamed to members with a subscription to triathlonlive.tv/live
ITU World Triathlon Series Rankings 2018
ITU World Triathlon Grand Final, Gold Coast, Event Schedule
ITU World Triathlon Grand Final, Gold Coast, Course Maps
ITU World Triathlon Grand Final Gold Coast is supported by the Queensland Government through Tourism and Events Queensland as part of the It’s Live! in Queensland events calendar. Queensland, just the place to experience Australia’s best live events.
Article tags gold coast grand final triathlon age-group world triathlon triathletes grand final 2018 queensland
Related Event: 2018 ITU World Triathlon Grand Final Gold Coast
12 - 16 Sep, 2018 • event page • all results
1. Vincent Luis FRA 01:44:34
2. Mario Mola ESP 01:44:48
3. Richard Murray RSA 01:44:56
5. Kristian Blummenfelt NOR 01:45:04
1. Ashleigh Gentle AUS 01:52:00
2. Vicky Holland GBR 01:52:02
3. Katie Zaferes USA 01:52:33
5. Kirsten Kasper USA 01:53:15
Results: U23 Men
1. Tayler Reid NZL 01:44:08
2. Samuel Dickinson GBR 01:44:20
3. Bence Bicsák HUN 01:44:31
4. Léo Bergere FRA 01:44:39
5. Jørgen Gundersen NOR 01:44:44
Results: U23 Women
1. Taylor Knibb USA 01:53:47
3. Angelica Olmo ITA 01:56:39
4. Nicole Van Der Kaay NZL 01:57:02
5. Erika Ackerlund USA 01:57:18
Results: Junior Men
1. Csongor Lehmann HUN 00:52:49
2. Paul Georgenthum FRA 00:53:12
3. Philipp Wiewald GER 00:53:14
4. Boris Pierre FRA 00:53:20
5. Lorcan Redmond AUS 00:53:22
Results: Junior Women
1. Cecilia Sayuri Ramirez Alavez MEX 00:59:11
2. Erin Wallace GBR 00:59:23
3. Kate Waugh GBR 00:59:34
4. Pauline Landron FRA 00:59:46
5. Romy Wolstencroft AUS 00:59:51
Results: PTWC Men
1. Jetze Plat H2 NED 00:57:03
2. Geert Schipper H2 NED 00:59:02
3. Joseph Townsend H2 GBR 01:00:27
4. Giovanni Achenza H1 ITA 01:01:04
5. Ahmed Andaloussi H1 FRA 01:01:31
Results: PTWC Women
1. Emily Tapp H1 AUS 01:08:58
2. Wakako Tsuchida H1 JPN 01:09:51
3. Lauren Parker H1 AUS 01:12:44
4. Mona Francis H2 FRA 01:14:55
5. Ahalya Lettenberger H2 USA 01:15:14
Results: PTS2 Men
1. Mark Barr USA 01:06:35
2. Andrew Lewis GBR 01:07:17
3. Jules Ribstein FRA 01:08:23
4. Mohamed Lahna ITU 01:09:18
5. Maurits Morsink NED 01:09:57
Results: PTS2 Women
1. Allysa Seely USA 01:17:54
2. Fran Brown GBR 01:19:44
3. Hailey Danz USA 01:20:44
4. Liisa Lilja FIN 01:23:30
5. Rakel Mateo Uriarte ESP 01:25:23
Top elite athletes ready to kick off the Gold Coast Grand Final
02:05 - 10 Sep, 2018
Who are World Triathletes?
It’s always been about sport, Leigh Gunn, Grand Final AG athlete
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1753
|
__label__wiki
| 0.578332
| 0.578332
|
Psychic Nikki likes Leafs chances of beating Bruins ... and winning Stanley Cup
Dave PollardMore from Dave Pollard
Updated: April 6, 2019 6:37 PM EDT
Blue and White mania took over Maple Leaf Square for Game 4 of the first-round playoff matchup between the Toronto Maple Leafs and Boston Bruins on Wednesday May 8, 2013. (Jack Boland / Toronto Sun)
Get ready, Maple Leafs fans, to party like it’s 1999.
Or, more accurately, 1967.
With the Leafs set to start their first-round playoff series against the big bad Boston Bruins, the Sun decided to get the skinny on which team would be hoisting Lord Stanley’s mug on a coming warm June evening.
So of course, we hit up Nikki, psychic to the stars, to pick her brain on who would win the Leafs-Bruins series — remember folks, Toronto hasn’t beaten Boston in the playoffs since 1959 when George (Chief) Armstrong, Bob Baun and Johnny Bower wore the blue and white — and eventually capture the Stanley Cup.
And she had some damn good news for long-suffering Leafs fans, many of whom weren’t born when Toronto last won the Cup in 1967.
George Armstrong with the 1967 Leafs after they won the Stanley Cup. (CanWest)
“They (the Leafs) haven’t been playing that great but I see something happening,” Nikki said. “It will be a big celebration. I feel good about June. I really think they have a good chance.”
“I had a dream there was going to be a parade. Everybody dressed up in blue and white. People wearing blue wigs. I can see that party in a vision and Mayor (John) Tory is there. I see people going crazy in the streets. I see that really strong.”
Then again, Nikki said, adding a bit of a proviso to her prediction, the parade and party might not happen until next summer.
Psychic Nikki (Facebook)
“I know they have a good chance in 2020, for sure,” she said. “They have a good chance. (But) I like Tampa Bay, too. What colour are they?”
Uh, blue and white, same as the Leafs. Was that the psychic version of waffling?
C’mon, Leafs fans are saying, how about some clarity here.
Well, for clairvoyants like Nikki, it doesn’t really work that way. It’s all about the visions and sometimes getting the timing of an event pinned down just doesn’t happen.
The Bruins, winners of the last five playoff meetings with the Leafs, including The Beantown Meltdown in 2013 and last spring’s seven-game banishment, head into the best-of-seven series as the favourite but that doesn’t seem to faze Nikki much.
“I’m getting Tampa Bay, the Leafs and … Boston,” she admitted. “Honestly, I think (it could be in) 2020. I think Toronto has a good chance. I’m getting a negativity around Boston.”
dpollard@postmedia.com
McCartney writing songs for 'It's a Wonderful Life' musical
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1757
|
__label__wiki
| 0.87811
| 0.87811
|
Why Ziegler Has No Opponent
Overwhelming dark money advantage and Democratic fatigue are factors.
By Steven Walters - Jan 9th, 2017 11:11 am
Annette Ziegler
There are numerous reasons why Supreme Court Justice Annette Ziegler, a member of the court’s five-justice conservative majority, will not be challenged in the April 4 election for a second 10-year term. She will be the first justice in 11 years to be unopposed.
If you look only at the vote totals from the last four Supreme Court elections, it would appear that a moderate lawyer could have a chance against Ziegler: Conservatives won three of the last four Supreme Court elections, but with just 50.9 percent of all votes cast.
But campaign-spending totals in the last four elections tell a much different story — and go a long way toward explaining why Ziegler won’t be challenged on April 4.
According to Wisconsin Democracy Campaign totals, conservative candidates for the Supreme Court and independent groups that ran ads, and backed them in other ways, spent a total of $8.59 million in the last four elections.
Three of those elections were won by now-retired Justice David Prosser (2011), Chief Justice Pat Roggensack (2013) and Justice Rebecca Bradley (2016). The only conservative to lose was Rock County Circuit Judge James Daley in 2015.
In those four elections, moderate Supreme Court candidates and groups supporting them spent $5.16 million — $3.43 million less than their conservative opponents and their big-spending friends, according to the Democracy Campaign. The only moderate winner in those four elections was incumbent Justice Ann Walsh Bradley in 2015.
In low-turnout spring elections, the $3.43 million more spent by conservative candidates and third-party groups had a major impact.
Put another way, conservative Supreme Court candidates and outside groups supporting them – including the Republican State Leadership Committee last year, which spent $114,000 to help elect Justice Rebecca Bradley – accounted for 62-cents of every $1 spent in the last four elections.
Democrats and others who might otherwise be encouraging veteran lawyers to challenge Ziegler are weary, reeling and regrouping from Nov. 8 losses, and unwilling to – for now – make campaign donations. They also know they will soon be asked to write checks for the party’s nominee against Republican Gov. Scott Walker and to re-elect Democratic U.S. Sen. Tammy Baldwin in 2018.
Republican President-elect Donald Trump not only carried Wisconsin on Nov. 8, but Republicans also won bigger majorities in the Legislature.
Former Justice Janine Geske said there are several reasons why respected, experienced lawyers who should run for the Supreme Court won’t consider it now. Geske served on the court from 1993-’98.
“Judges and lawyers, who are highly talented and, under other circumstances, would have been interested in serving on the Supreme Court, do not want to endure the nasty, expensive and ‘reputation ruining’ process of a race,” Geske said, adding:
“With all the ‘dark money’ being poured into these elections, a justice will face ethical attacks when he/she sits on a politically charged case.
“Unfortunately the Supreme Court has exacerbated the problem by enacting a broad judicial ethics provision that sets no limits or guidelines on contributions that would create a conflict.”
UW-Milwaukee Professor Mordecai Lee, who served as a Democratic legislator from 1976 until 1990, offers a more blunt assessment: “Money makes the world go around. Republicans have it. Democrats don’t.”
“Partly related to money is a factor that is rarely discussed,” Lee adds. “The lesson of the last Supreme Court and attorney general races was that no matter what the Democratic nominees’ credentials were, the GOP’s attack ads (including heavy media buys) have always succeeded in making the Democratic candidate look soft on crime and pro-criminal rights.”
Lee also said the “many reasons” Democrats are outspent by Republican candidates and third-party groups include:
*”Before Act 10, Wisconsin Manufacturers & Commerce versus public labor unions were roughly balanced. Act 10 removed labor money, organization and effort from the Democratic Party.”
*The 2012 retirement of former U.S. Sen. Herb Kohl, the millionaire who for about 25 years kept the Democratic Party “well-organized and well-financed.”
*The 2011 redistricting plan, which federal judges have ruled unfairly helped Republicans keep control of the Capitol, is a “self-sustaining” help for Republicans, Lee says. “Being out of power repels financial – and other – support.”
*”More upper income people give to GOP than to Democrats,” Lee says. “It’s a built-in advantage.”
Overall, he adds, Republicans “are simply better at tough politics than Democrats – a kind of scorched-earth approach.”
Steven Walters is a senior producer with the nonprofit WisconsinEye public affairs channel. Contact him at stevenscwalters@gmail.com
State Program Looks to Hire Veterans
Jul 15th, 2019 by Steven Walters
Healthy Economy Buys New State Spending
7 Reasons Evers Won’t Veto Entire Budget
Jul 1st, 2019 by Steven Walters
Categories: Politics, The State of Politics
One thought on “The State of Politics: Why Ziegler Has No Opponent”
Debra Kamps says:
When we vote to take away peoples rights no matter what their occupation, such as the Public Workers, you vote to take away everyones rights. People in Wisconsin will soon learn what it really meant to destroy the incomes and benefits of Public Workers because it will trickle down the line to all workers in the state. High paying Manufacturers closed up and/or left the state leaving thousands to work for minimum wage which is about the only thing we have left here. They have alos taken away benefits of those that have worked for years and fired them for lower paid workers that wont be given benefits. Longer work hours without breaks/lunches and mandatory overtime without extra pay (time and a half) all because the people in this state thought public workers made to much for what they do. They make less than the same worker in the private sector with less benefits and have more responsibility but the idiots of Wisconsin believed the devil they elected to run the state instead of checking into it. Walker has stolen more money from the state since he started his work in any position for the state than anyone will ever know. He still has yet to pay back the money he owes for campaigning for President $407,000 and that was only after he announced he was running and after he spent thousands to campaign all over the world before he announced his campaign. Wisconsin Idiots, just like the other states that elect these Republican pukes will soon be made aware of all the bullshit, lies and corruption that follows this moron and the likes of him. It’s a terrible shame when teachers, engineers that watch over the companies that build your roads, consultants doing the same work as public workers and workers in factorys/assembly lines doing one job, a job you don’t need a brain to do are making more and receiving more in benefits than an engineer or a teacher or someone doing a job for the people of this state because of the lies and shit that flow out of Walkers mouth on a daily basis. How about the DNR cuts so hunters and fisherman don’t have to register their catch anymore, they can take a picture of it and submit it and if they want to get more than they are licensed to have, no one is going to know because there is no one watching over any of it. That’s the start of privatization and how they will destroy the food supply, etc and people will starve. Who is being given the money for the lottery we spend millions on in this state, where is the money going for all the program cuts including education? All in the pockets of the politicians and the dark money investors, I can almost assure you of this. It’s not going to get better until people wake up. Walker is a piece of crap and his followers don’t have a brain in their head to be allowing this garbage to continue to run this state.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1762
|
__label__cc
| 0.683416
| 0.316584
|
UOP profile
UOP mission
Deputy Directors General
UOP reports
UOP enterprises
Product catalogue 2016-2017
Civilian & dual-use products
Textbooks for Ukrainian Army
The State Concern "Ukroboronprom" was created in 2010 for management of the enterprises of the military-industrial complex.
Today, SC "Ukroboronprom" unites more than 100 enterprises-participants in 5 major defence industry sectors, particularly in armament and military equipment development and manufacture, scientific research and export-import operations.
"Ukroboronprom" has more than 10 design bureaus, engaged in development, design and research, enabling State Concern to implement new solutions and innovations.
State Concern employs approximately 80,000 highly skilled people. Many employees have high academic degrees in engineering, applied mathematics, physics, etc. Realizing the fact, that innovation requires skilled, educated specialists, State Concern management has initiated long-term cooperation with leading educational institutions of the country, the list of which is constantly increasing.
The State Concern deepens cooperation with Ukrainian enterprises, strengthening internal cooperation of domestic manufacturers, and expands the range of foreign partners. "Ukroboronprom" has exporters, authorized by the state to supply Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations with armament and military equipment.
Leaders of the State Concern have developed a promising model of industrial clusters with a clear specialization and a closed cycle of production to the final product.
Ukroboronprom © 2015-2019
Be first to know the latest
news of "Ukroboronprom"!
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1771
|
__label__cc
| 0.613555
| 0.386445
|
2,137 Matching Results
in place name: "United States - Texas - Hidalgo County - Mercedes"
prev Results: 49 - 72 of 2,137 next
Partners 7 Collections 11 Serial/Series Titles 17 Resource Types 5 Countries 1 Counties 7 Decades 10 Years 56 Months 12 Days 31 Languages 3
Country: United States Clear All Filters
The Mercedes Enterprise (Mercedes, Tex.), Vol. 68, No. 25, Ed. 1 Wednesday, June 18, 1980
Description: Weekly newspaper from Mercedes, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Partner: Dr. Hector P. Garcia Memorial Library
The Mercedes Enterprise (Mercedes, Tex.), Vol. 65, No. 7, Ed. 1 Thursday, February 14, 1980
The Mercedes News (Mercedes, Tex.), Vol. 6, No. 5, Ed. 1 Friday, December 14, 1928
Description: Semi-weekly newspaper from Mercedes, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
The Mercedes Enterprise (Mercedes, Tex.), Vol. 65, No. 4, Ed. 1 Thursday, January 24, 1980
The Mercedes Enterprise (Mercedes, Tex.), Vol. 65, No. 22, Ed. 1 Wednesday, May 28, 1980
The Mercedes News (Mercedes, Tex.), Vol. 5, No. 105, Ed. 1 Friday, November 23, 1928
The Mercedes Enterprise (Mercedes, Tex.), Vol. 65, No. 11, Ed. 1 Thursday, March 13, 1980
The Mercedes News (Mercedes, Tex.), Vol. 6, No. 3, Ed. 1 Friday, December 7, 1928
The Mercedes Enterprise (Mercedes, Tex.), Vol. 65, No. 1, Ed. 1 Thursday, January 3, 1980
The Mercedes Enterprise (Mercedes, Tex.), Vol. 65, No. 16, Ed. 1 Thursday, April 17, 1980
The Mercedes News (Mercedes, Tex.), Vol. 6, No. 8, Ed. 1 Tuesday, December 25, 1928
The Mercedes News (Mercedes, Tex.), Vol. 5, No. 106, Ed. 1 Tuesday, November 27, 1928
The Mercedes News (Mercedes, Tex.), Vol. 6, No. 2, Ed. 1 Tuesday, December 4, 1928
The Mercedes News (Mercedes, Tex.), Vol. 6, No. 1, Ed. 1 Thursday, November 29, 1928
Serial/Series Titles 17
Decades 10
This dialog allows you to filter your current search. Each of the Partners listed note their name and the number of records that will be limited down to if you choose that option. The list can be sorted by name or the count.
Sort Partners
Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary 12 12 The Dolph Briscoe Center for American History 3 3 Dr. Hector P. Garcia Memorial Library 2,088 2088 The University of Texas – Rio Grande Valley 2 2 TCU Mary Couts Burnett Library 2 2 Texas Historical Commission 4 4 UNT Libraries Government Documents Department 26 26
Civil Rights in Black and Brown 2 2 Ladd & Katherine Hancher Library Foundation 2,088 2088 Mercedes Area Newspapers 2,088 2088 Recorded Texas Historic Landmark Files 3 3 Sanborn Map Collection 3 3 Rescuing Texas History, 2006 2 2 Texas Cultures Online 12 12 Texas Digital Newspaper Program 2,088 2088 THC National Register Collection 1 1 United States Census Map Collection 14 14 USGS Topographic Map Collection 12 12
Having trouble finding an option within the list of Serial/Series Titles? Start typing and we'll update the list to show only those items that match your needs. Try limiting with other filters first or use this comprehensive list of titles as an alternative starting point.
The Mercedes Enterprise 861 861 The Enterprise 623 623 Mercedes Tribune 480 480 The Mercedes News 102 102 News-Tribune 22 22 7.5 Minute Series (Topographic) 4 4 Tropical Heritage Region 4 4 Western United States 1:250,000 4 4 1990 Census County Block Map 3 3 2000 Census County Block Map 3 3 2000 Census County Subdivision Block Map 3 3 2010 Census County Block Map 2 2 2010 Census P.L. 94-171 County Block Map 2 2 Digital US Topo Maps: 7.5 Minute Series (Topographic) 2 2 2007 Economic Census Map 1 1 30 x 60 Minute Series (Topographic) 1 1 Digital Raster Graphic Topographic Maps: 7.5 Minute Series (Topographic) 1 1
Map 29 29 Photograph 16 16 Text 2 2 Newspaper 2,088 2088 Video 2 2
Filter: Countries
This dialog allows you to filter your current search. Each of the Countries listed note their name and the number of records that will be limited down to if you choose that option.
Mexico 1 1
This dialog allows you to filter your current search. Each of the Counties listed note their name and the number of records that will be limited down to if you choose that option. The list can be sorted by name or the count.
Sort Counties
Brooks County, TX 5 5 Cameron County, TX 14 14 Hidalgo County, TX 2,137 2137 Jim Hogg County, TX 4 4 Kenedy County, TX 5 5 Starr County, TX 5 5 Willacy County, TX 10 10
2010-2019 8 8 2000-2009 8 8 1990-1999 5 5 1980-1989 57 57 1970-1979 147 147 1960-1969 492 492 1950-1959 468 468 1940-1949 357 357 1920-1929 407 407 1910-1919 179 179
1914 44 44 1915 4 4 1916 21 21 1917 54 54 1918 47 47 1919 9 9 1920 51 51 1921 49 49 1922 52 52 1923 53 53 1924 53 53 1926 47 47 1928 102 102 1941 49 49 1942 49 49 1943 52 52 1944 52 52 1945 52 52 1946 52 52 1947 51 51 1950 52 52 1951 52 52 1952 6 6 1953 53 53 1954 52 52 1955 52 52 1956 52 52 1957 49 49 1958 52 52 1959 48 48 1960 51 51 1961 42 42 1962 53 53 1963 51 51 1964 53 53 1965 51 51 1966 52 52 1967 41 41 1968 47 47 1969 51 51 1970 52 52 1971 44 44 1972 51 51 1980 54 54 1981 1 1 1983 1 1 1984 1 1 1990 3 3 1992 1 1 1996 1 1 2000 6 6 2003 1 1 2007 1 1 2010 5 5 2013 1 1 2015 2 2
January 160 160 February 148 148 March 175 175 April 177 177 May 179 179 June 171 171 July 186 186 August 179 179 September 168 168 October 182 182 November 182 182 December 187 187
1st 69 69 2nd 69 69 3rd 67 67 4th 67 67 5th 72 72 6th 65 65 7th 74 74 8th 63 63 9th 66 66 10th 69 69 11th 68 68 12th 70 70 13th 66 66 14th 73 73 15th 64 64 16th 71 71 17th 66 66 18th 68 68 19th 71 71 20th 68 68 21st 75 75 22nd 64 64 23rd 73 73 24th 67 67 25th 71 71 26th 72 72 27th 68 68 28th 72 72 29th 62 62 30th 65 65 31st 39 39
English 2,124 2124 No Language 12 12 Spanish 76 76
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1787
|
__label__cc
| 0.72226
| 0.27774
|
Overnight Squall Line Timing & Severe Threat Update
Posted by David Reimer | March 28, 2017 10:14 pm | Severe Weather, Texas's Weather |
We now have a nearly solid line of thunderstorms extending from Vernon south to Abilene to Sonora to west of Del Rio. Looks like San Angelo ended up in one of the line’s breaks, so I’ll go ahead and apologize for the lack of rainfall there. The line is moving east at 30 to 45 MPH. Some portions of this line currently severe with damaging straight-line winds over 60 MPH and hail up to the size of ping-pong balls. We expect the eastward progression to continue into the late night hours – along with some risk of severe weather.
We have a severe thunderstorm watch in effect through 4 AM along and west of Interstate 35 from San Antonio north through Dallas up to Sherman. Locations west of that watch line and along and east of the squall line are in the severe watch. This watch did replace the tornado watch previously in effect for this afternoon’s storms. The strongest sections of the squall line could produce damaging straight-line winds up to 70 MPH along with hail up to the size of ping-pong balls. Brief tornadoes and localized flooding are secondary concerns.
Here’s a simulated radar loop through the night from the High Resolution Rapid Refresh. It has the squall line approaching Interstate 35 from San Antonio to Dallas between 2 AM and 5 AM. Some parts of the line may be producing damaging straight-line winds and some ‘coin’ size hail. A brief tornado can’t be ruled out, but the primary tornado threat was earlier on when storms were discrete. Remember – have a way to receive severe weather warnings overnight. We’ll be here to keep an eye on things.
PreviousEarly Afternoon Severe Weather Update
NextSevere Weather Risk Later Today in East and Southeast Texas
A weather weenie since early childhood, David began storm chasing in his junior year of high school in 2008. He’s been hooked ever since! His vision helped Texas Storm Chasers become the social media powerhouse and information hub TSC followers have come to expect during high-impact events. While he moved to Oklahoma in 2013 with his better half [Paige] he remains passionate about Texas weather and continues storm chasing to this day across the United States.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1788
|
__label__wiki
| 0.721604
| 0.721604
|
The Free Library > Literature > William Makepeace Thackeray > Vanity Fair > Chapter XLIII: In Which the Reader Has to Double the Cape
Chapter XLIII: In Which the Reader Has to Double the Cape
The astonished reader must be called upon to transport himself ten thousand miles to the military station of Bundlegunge, in the Madras division of our Indian empire, where our gallant old friends of the --th regiment are quartered under the command of the brave Colonel, Sir Michael O'Dowd. Time has dealt kindly with that stout officer, as it does ordinarily with men who have good stomachs and good tempers and are not perplexed over much by fatigue of the brain. The Colonel plays a good knife and fork at tiffin and resumes those weapons with great success at dinner. He smokes his hookah after both meals and puffs as quietly while his wife scolds him as he did under the fire of the French at Waterloo. Age and heat have not diminished the activity or the eloquence of the descendant of the Malonys and the Molloys. Her Ladyship, our old acquaintance, is as much at home at Madras as at Brussels in the cantonment as under the tents. On the march you saw her at the head of the regiment seated on a royal elephant, a noble sight. Mounted on that beast, she has been into action with tigers in the jungle, she has been received by native princes, who have welcomed her and Glorvina into the recesses of their zenanas and offered her shawls and jewels which it went to her heart to refuse. The sentries of all arms salute her wherever she makes her appearance, and she touches her hat gravely to their salutation. Lady O'Dowd is one of the greatest ladies in the Presidency of Madras--her quarrel with Lady Smith, wife of Sir Minos Smith the puisne judge, is still remembered by some at Madras, when the Colonel's lady snapped her fingers in the Judge's lady's face and said SHE'D never walk behind ever a beggarly civilian. Even now, though it is five-and-twenty years ago, people remember Lady O'Dowd performing a jig at Government House, where she danced down two Aides-de-Camp, a Major of Madras cavalry, and two gentlemen of the Civil Service; and, persuaded by Major Dobbin, C.B., second in command of the --th, to retire to the supper-room, lassata nondum satiata recessit.
Peggy O'Dowd is indeed the same as ever, kind in act and thought; impetuous in temper; eager to command; a tyrant over her Michael; a dragon amongst all the ladies of the regiment; a mother to all the young men, whom she tends in their sickness, defends in all their scrapes, and with whom Lady Peggy is immensely popular. But the Subalterns' and Captains' ladies (the Major is unmarried) cabal against her a good deal. They say that Glorvina gives herself airs and that Peggy herself is ill tolerably domineering. She interfered with a little congregation which Mrs. Kirk had got up and laughed the young men away from her sermons, stating that a soldier's wife had no business to be a parson--that Mrs. Kirk would be much better mending her husband's clothes; and, if the regiment wanted sermons, that she had the finest in the world, those of her uncle, the Dean. She abruptly put a termination to a flirtation which Lieutenant Stubble of the regiment had commenced with the Surgeon's wife, threatening to come down upon Stubble for the money which he had borrowed from her (for the young fellow was still of an extravagant turn) unless he broke off at once and went to the Cape on sick leave. On the other hand, she housed and sheltered Mrs. Posky, who fled from her bungalow one night, pursued by her infuriate husband, wielding his second brandy bottle, and actually carried Posky through the delirium tremens and broke him of the habit of drinking, which had grown upon that officer, as all evil habits will grow upon men. In a word, in adversity she was the best of comforters, in good fortune the most troublesome of friends, having a perfectly good opinion of herself always and an indomitable resolution to have her own way.
Among other points, she had made up her mind that Glorvina should marry our old friend Dobbin. Mrs. O'Dowd knew the Major's expectations and appreciated his good qualities and the high character which he enjoyed in his profession. Glorvina, a very handsome, fresh-coloured, black-haired, blue-eyed young lady, who could ride a horse, or play a sonata with any girl out of the County Cork, seemed to be the very person destined to insure Dobbin's happiness--much more than that poor good little weak-spur'ted Amelia, about whom he used to take on so.--"Look at Glorvina enter a room," Mrs. O'Dowd would say, "and compare her with that poor Mrs. Osborne, who couldn't say boo to a goose. She'd be worthy of you, Major--you're a quiet man yourself, and want some one to talk for ye. And though she does not come of such good blood as the Malonys or Molloys, let me tell ye, she's of an ancient family that any nobleman might be proud to marry into."
But before she had come to such a resolution and determined to subjugate Major Dobbin by her endearments, it must be owned that Glorvina had practised them a good deal elsewhere. She had had a season in Dublin, and who knows how many in Cork, Killarney, and Mallow? She had flirted with all the marriageable officers whom the depots of her country afforded, and all the bachelor squires who seemed eligible. She had been engaged to be married a half-score times in Ireland, besides the clergyman at Bath who used her so ill. She had flirted all the way to Madras with the Captain and chief mate of the Ramchunder East Indiaman, and had a season at the Presidency with her brother and Mrs. O'Dowd, who was staying there, while the Major of the regiment was in command at the station. Everybody admired her there; everybody danced with her; but no one proposed who was worth the marrying--one or two exceedingly young subalterns sighed after her, and a beardless civilian or two, but she rejected these as beneath her pretensions--and other and younger virgins than Glorvina were married before her. There are women, and handsome women too, who have this fortune in life. They fall in love with the utmost generosity; they ride and walk with half the Army-list, though they draw near to forty, and yet the Misses O'Grady are the Misses O'Grady still: Glorvina persisted that but for Lady O'Dowd's unlucky quarrel with the Judge's lady, she would have made a good match at Madras, where old Mr. Chutney, who was at the head of the civil service (and who afterwards married Miss Dolby, a young lady only thirteen years of age who had just arrived from school in Europe), was just at the point of proposing to her.
Well, although Lady O'Dowd and Glorvina quarrelled a great number of times every day, and upon almost every conceivable subject--indeed, if Mick O'Dowd had not possessed the temper of an angel two such women constantly about his ears would have driven him out of his senses--yet they agreed between themselves on this point, that Glorvina should marry Major Dobbin, and were determined that the Major should have no rest until the arrangement was brought about. Undismayed by forty or fifty previous defeats, Glorvina laid siege to him. She sang Irish melodies at him unceasingly. She asked him so frequently and pathetically, Will ye come to the bower? that it is a wonder how any man of feeling could have resisted the invitation. She was never tired of inquiring, if Sorrow had his young days faded, and was ready to listen and weep like Desdemona at the stories of his dangers and his campaigns. It has been said that our honest and dear old friend used to perform on the flute in private; Glorvina insisted upon having duets with him, and Lady O'Dowd would rise and artlessly quit the room when the young couple were so engaged. Glorvina forced the Major to ride with her of mornings. The whole cantonment saw them set out and return. She was constantly writing notes over to him at his house, borrowing his books, and scoring with her great pencil-marks such passages of sentiment or humour as awakened her sympathy. She borrowed his horses, his servants, his spoons, and palanquin--no wonder that public rumour assigned her to him, and that the Major's sisters in England should fancy they were about to have a sister-in-law.
Dobbin, who was thus vigorously besieged, was in the meanwhile in a state of the most odious tranquillity. He used to laugh when the young fellows of the regiment joked him about Glorvina's manifest attentions to him. "Bah!" said he, "she is only keeping her hand in-- she practises upon me as she does upon Mrs. Tozer's piano, because it's the most handy instrument in the station. I am much too battered and old for such a fine young lady as Glorvina." And so he went on riding with her, and copying music and verses into her albums, and playing at chess with her very submissively; for it is with these simple amusements that some officers in India are accustomed to while away their leisure moments, while others of a less domestic turn hunt hogs, and shoot snipes, or gamble and smoke cheroots, and betake themselves to brandy-and-water. As for Sir Michael O'Dowd, though his lady and her sister both urged him to call upon the Major to explain himself and not keep on torturing a poor innocent girl in that shameful way, the old soldier refused point-blank to have anything to do with the conspiracy. "Faith, the Major's big enough to choose for himself," Sir Michael said; "he'll ask ye when he wants ye"; or else he would turn the matter off jocularly, declaring that "Dobbin was too young to keep house, and had written home to ask lave of his mamma." Nay, he went farther, and in private communications with his Major would caution and rally him, crying, "Mind your oi, Dob, my boy, them girls is bent on mischief--me Lady has just got a box of gowns from Europe, and there's a pink satin for Glorvina, which will finish ye, Dob, if it's in the power of woman or satin to move ye."
But the truth is, neither beauty nor fashion could conquer him. Our honest friend had but one idea of a woman in his head, and that one did not in the least resemble Miss Glorvina O'Dowd in pink satin. A gentle little woman in black, with large eyes and brown hair, seldom speaking, save when spoken to, and then in a voice not the least resembling Miss Glorvina's--a soft young mother tending an infant and beckoning the Major up with a smile to look at him--a rosy- cheeked lass coming singing into the room in Russell Square or hanging on George Osborne's arm, happy and loving--there was but this image that filled our honest Major's mind, by day and by night, and reigned over it always. Very likely Amelia was not like the portrait the Major had formed of her: there was a figure in a book of fashions which his sisters had in England, and with which William had made away privately, pasting it into the lid of his desk, and fancying he saw some resemblance to Mrs. Osborne in the print, whereas I have seen it, and can vouch that it is but the picture of a high-waisted gown with an impossible doll's face simpering over it--and, perhaps, Mr. Dobbin's sentimental Amelia was no more like the real one than this absurd little print which he cherished. But what man in love, of us, is better informed?--or is he much happier when he sees and owns his delusion? Dobbin was under this spell. He did not bother his friends and the public much about his feelings, or indeed lose his natural rest or appetite on account of them. His head has grizzled since we saw him last, and a line or two of silver may be seen in the soft brown hair likewise. But his feelings are not in the least changed or oldened, and his love remains as fresh as a man's recollections of boyhood are.
We have said how the two Misses Dobbin and Amelia, the Major's correspondents in Europe, wrote him letters from England, Mrs. Osborne congratulating him with great candour and cordiality upon his approaching nuptials with Miss O'Dowd. "Your sister has just kindly visited me," Amelia wrote in her letter, "and informed me of an INTERESTING EVENT, upon which I beg to offer my MOST SINCERE CONGRATULATIONS. I hope the young lady to whom I hear you are to be UNITED will in every respect prove worthy of one who is himself all kindness and goodness. The poor widow has only her prayers to offer and her cordial cordial wishes for YOUR PROSPERITY! Georgy sends his love to HIS DEAR GODPAPA and hopes that you will not forget him. I tell him that you are about to form OTHER TIES, with one who I am sure merits ALL YOUR AFFECTION, but that, although such ties must of course be the strongest and most sacred, and supersede ALL OTHERS, yet that I am sure the widow and the child whom you have ever protected and loved will always HAVE A CORNER IN YOUR HEART" The letter, which has been before alluded to, went on in this strain, protesting throughout as to the extreme satisfaction of the writer.
This letter, .which arrived by the very same ship which brought out Lady O'Dowd's box of millinery from London (and which you may be sure Dobbin opened before any one of the other packets which the mail brought him), put the receiver into such a state of mind that Glorvina, and her pink satin, and everything belonging to her became perfectly odious to him. The Major cursed the talk of women, and the sex in general. Everything annoyed him that day--the parade was insufferably hot and wearisome. Good heavens! was a man of intellect to waste his life, day after day, inspecting cross-belts and putting fools through their manoeuvres? The senseless chatter of the young men at mess was more than ever jarring. What cared he, a man on the high road to forty, to know how many snipes Lieutenant Smith had shot, or what were the performances of Ensign Brown's mare? The jokes about the table filled him with shame. He was too old to listen to the banter of the assistant surgeon and the slang of the youngsters, at which old O'Dowd, with his bald head and red face, laughed quite easily. The old man had listened to those jokes any time these thirty years--Dobbin himself had been fifteen years hearing them. And after the boisterous dulness of the mess-table, the quarrels and scandal of the ladies of the regiment! It was unbearable, shameful. "O Amelia, Amelia," he thought, "you to whom I have been so faithful--you reproach me! It is because you cannot feel for me that I drag on this wearisome life. And you reward me after years of devotion by giving me your blessing upon my marriage, forsooth, with this flaunting Irish girl!" Sick and sorry felt poor William; more than ever wretched and lonely. He would like to have done with life and its vanity altogether--so bootless and unsatisfactory the struggle, so cheerless and dreary the prospect seemed to him. He lay all that night sleepless, and yearning to go home. Amelia's letter had fallen as a blank upon him. No fidelity, no constant truth and passion, could move her into warmth. She would not see that he loved her. Tossing in his bed, he spoke out to her. "Good God, Amelia!" he said, "don't you know that I only love you in the world--you, who are a stone to me--you, whom I tended through months and months of illness and grief, and who bade me farewell with a smile on your face, and forgot me before the door shut between us!" The native servants lying outside his verandas beheld with wonder the Major, so cold and quiet ordinarily, at present so passionately moved and cast down. Would she have pitied him had she seen him? He read over and over all the letters which he ever had from her--letters of business relative to the little property which he had made her believe her husband had left to her-- brief notes of invitation--every scrap of writing that she had ever sent to him--how cold, how kind, how hopeless, how selfish they were!
Had there been some kind gentle soul near at hand who could read and appreciate this silent generous heart, who knows but that the reign of Amelia might have been over, and that friend William's love might have flowed into a kinder channel? But there was only Glorvina of the jetty ringlets with whom his intercourse was familiar, and this dashing young woman was not bent upon loving the Major, but rather on making the Major admire HER--a most vain and hopeless task, too, at least considering the means that the poor girl possessed to carry it out. She curled her hair and showed her shoulders at him, as much as to say, did ye ever see such jet ringlets and such a complexion? She grinned at him so that he might see that every tooth in her head was sound--and he never heeded all these charms. Very soon after the arrival of the box of millinery, and perhaps indeed in honour of it, Lady O'Dowd and the ladies of the King's Regiment gave a ball to the Company's Regiments and the civilians at the station. Glorvina sported the killing pink frock, and the Major, who attended the party and walked very ruefully up and down the rooms, never so much as perceived the pink garment. Glorvina danced past him in a fury with all the young subalterns of the station, and the Major was not in the least jealous of her performance, or angry because Captain Bangles of the Cavalry handed her to supper. It was not jealousy, or frocks, or shoulders that could move him, and Glorvina had nothing more.
So these two were each exemplifying the Vanity of this life, and each longing for what he or she could not get. Glorvina cried with rage at the failure. She had set her mind on the Major "more than on any of the others," she owned, sobbing. "He'll break my heart, he will, Peggy," she would whimper to her sister-in-law when they were good friends; "sure every one of me frocks must be taken in-- it's such a skeleton I'm growing." Fat or thin, laughing or melancholy, on horseback or the music-stool, it was all the same to the Major. And the Colonel, puffing his pipe and listening to these complaints, would suggest that Glory should have some black frocks out in the next box from London, and told a mysterious story of a lady in Ireland who died of grief for the loss of her husband before she got ere a one.
While the Major was going on in this tantalizing way, not proposing, and declining to fall in love, there came another ship from Europe bringing letters on board, and amongst them some more for the heartless man. These were home letters bearing an earlier postmark than that of the former packets, and as Major Dobbin recognized among his the handwriting of his sister, who always crossed and recrossed her letters to her brother--gathered together all the possible bad news which she could collect, abused him and read him lectures with sisterly frankness, and always left him miserable for the day after "dearest William" had achieved the perusal of one of her epistles--the truth must be told that dearest William did not hurry himself to break the seal of Miss Dobbin's letter, but waited for a particularly favourable day and mood for doing so. A fortnight before, moreover, he had written to scold her for telling those absurd stories to Mrs. Osborne, and had despatched a letter in reply to that lady, undeceiving her with respect to the reports concerning him and assuring her that "he had no sort of present intention of altering his condition."
Two or three nights after the arrival of the second package of letters, the Major had passed the evening pretty cheerfully at Lady O'Dowd's house, where Glorvina thought that he listened with rather more attention than usual to the Meeting of the Wathers, the Minsthrel Boy, and one or two other specimens of song with which she favoured him (the truth is, he was no more listening to Glorvina than to the howling of the jackals in the moonlight outside, and the delusion was hers as usual), and having played his game at chess with her (cribbage with the surgeon was Lady O'Dowd's favourite evening pastime), Major Dobbin took leave of the Colonel's family at his usual hour and retired to his own house.
There on his table, his sister's letter lay reproaching him. He took it up, ashamed rather of his negligence regarding it, and prepared himself for a disagreeable hour's communing with that crabbed-handed absent relative. . . . It may have been an hour after the Major's departure from the Colonel's house--Sir Michael was sleeping the sleep of the just; Glorvina had arranged her black ringlets in the innumerable little bits of paper, in which it was her habit to confine them; Lady O'Dowd, too, had gone to her bed in the nuptial chamber, on the ground-floor, and had tucked her musquito curtains round her fair form, when the guard at the gates of the Commanding-Officer's compound beheld Major Dobbin, in the moonlight, rushing towards the house with a swift step and a very agitated countenance, and he passed the sentinel and went up to the windows of the Colonel's bedchamber.
"O'Dowd--Colonel!" said Dobbin and kept up a great shouting.
"Heavens, Meejor!" said Glorvina of the curl-papers, putting out her head too, from her window.
"What is it, Dob, me boy?" said the Colonel, expecting there was a fire in the station, or that the route had come from headquarters.
"I--I must have leave of absence. I must go to England--on the most urgent private affairs," Dobbin said.
"Good heavens, what has happened!" thought Glorvina, trembling with all the papillotes.
"I want to be off--now--to-night," Dobbin continued; and the Colonel getting up, came out to parley with him.
In the postscript of Miss Dobbin's cross-letter, the Major had just come upon a paragraph, to the following effect:--"I drove yesterday to see your old ACQUAINTANCE, Mrs. Osborne. The wretched place they live at, since they were bankrupts, you know--Mr. S., to judge from a BRASS PLATE on the door of his hut (it is little better) is a coal-merchant. The little boy, your godson, is certainly a fine child, though forward, and inclined to be saucy and self-willed. But we have taken notice of him as you wish it, and have introduced him to his aunt, Miss O., who was rather pleased with him. Perhaps his grandpapa, not the bankrupt one, who is almost doting, but Mr. Osborne, of Russell Square, may be induced to relent towards the child of your friend, HIS ERRING AND SELF-WILLED SON. And Amelia will not be ill-disposed to give him up. The widow is CONSOLED, and is about to marry a reverend gentleman, the Rev. Mr. Binny, one of the curates of Brompton. A poor match. But Mrs. O. is getting old, and I saw a great deal of grey in her hair--she was in very good spirits: and your little godson overate himself at our house. Mamma sends her love with that of your affectionate, Ann Dobbin."
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1790
|
__label__wiki
| 0.669932
| 0.669932
|
By: Julia Migné 19 Jun 2017 28 Apr 2019
Chase That Passionart, germany, mental health, mental illness, Mexico, Social media, The Artidote, well-being
The Artidote: We’re in this together
Using artworks combined with quotes to propagate love and self-awareness, Jovanny Varela-Ferreyra started something more powerful that he imagined: The Artidote.
by Julia Migne
Jovanny Varela Ferreyra, Founder and Curator of The Artidote. Photo Courtesy of Jovanny V. Ferreyra
The Internet can be a place where people can express their hopes, fears, or deepest secrets. Putting anything personal out there easily results in harsh judgment or demotivating comments. However, if you are lucky enough, you can stumble upon little gems of empathy and understanding shaped as Facebook pages.
Defined as “a space where to story-tell, empathize, bond and heal through art,” The Artidote is one of these gems. Founded and curated by Jovanny Varela-Ferreyra, the page was made unique by its content: an artwork associated with a quote usually tackling issues around mental health and self-awareness.
“The thing that has been working on my favour is that not only did I study art in university, which made me well versed in the symbolism of art and the feel for an artwork whether it might be colours or the content, but I’m also a very empathetic person,” explains Jovanny.
“So what happens when I see an artwork is that I feel something and then when I read a text, I feel something else and I try to find a text and an artwork where those feelings match. It’s a very visceral process!”
This association of both text and art offers the opportunity to the viewer to start a conversation around the text. By attaching feelings to the artwork, it also allows that person to feel something beyond what the text would have been alone.
Born in Mexico, Jovanny’s family moved to Chicago when he was 10. Unable to speak English and struggling with the cultural difference, Jovanny had a hard time growing up in that new environment where he ended up being bullied by other kids. “I always grew up being too Mexican for the Americans and too American for the Mexicans and so what also happens was that because I wasn’t prepared for this culture and language I became extremely introverted.”
Years later, while studying art at university, he decided it was time for a change and challenged himself to do everything he was afraid of for 30 days. For an entire month, Jovanny acted on something only when he is fearful of it, so every time he would feel stressed or anxious he would take it as a cue to take action.
Once done with that month, he challenged himself to tackle his biggest fear: being in a brand new place where he didn’t know neither the language nor the culture. After considering going to China, Jovanny finally decided to head to Berlin, the European capital of art, and bought a one way ticket to the German city.
“I got the opportunity to work as a writer for an art magazine [ArtParasites] in Berlin where I was fusing all of my passions,” explains Jovanny. “It had the art, it had the writing, which I’m very passionate about as well, and it gave me the possibility to be interacting with people from the world I wanted to be a part of. ”
However, after the entire team started falling apart, Jovanny stayed behind with one task: to keep the Facebook page of the magazine alive. Given 100% creative control over the page, the Mexican artist began experimenting with the way he presented artwork online.
“I combined visual artwork with literature — artwork with quotes, ” says Jovanny. “What got me really excited was to somehow hack the newsfeed with content that would make you stop, that would make you question your sense of self, your self-awareness, who you are in the world, your place, what you are thinking right now and to just make you present for a little moment.”
With the posts going viral and the page growing from 13,000 followers to a million a year later, ArtParasites became the most unique art page on Facebook but that success created some friction with the magazine and Jovanny decided to venture on his own.
“I realised that ArtParasites was just the vessel but what I had beginning to build could be transported and built elsewhere,” adds Jovanny. “So that was the initial seed. Eventually, what was given a direction and a mission would become The Artidote.”
Initially named Artidote 360 and having a unicorn as a logo, the concept quickly grew in Jovanny’s mind and after a week of reflection, the artist settled for The Artidote. “The thing that I was trying to create about healing and mental health fused beautifully with the word artidote, an antidote with art.”
Replacing the unicorn by a bull was no random decision as well. Found in the prehistorical Lascaux caves, this giant bull came from a cave that only shamans could access. By drawing bulls on the walls, the shamans would attract more bulls in the prairie, allowing their communities to hunt them.
“To me, the shaman always represented the archetype for the artist, the person that goes between the spiritual emotional world and brings back from it these creations, these artistic representations of emotions or feelings.
We are still sharing our stories, we are still connecting with each other through our stories and our experiences. And before they were healing with the black bull on the wall, and now I still want people to heal with this black bull on this Facebook wall.”
Social media is a great tool for gathering attention around specific topics or ideas and Jovanny decided to use this tool to spread love and gave people a safe platform to share their feelings.
“I always felt naively when growing up as a teenager that I wanted to change the world with art. Later I began to fuse the art, the mental health, and the power of shared experience for reasons that I’m still trying to understand.”
Strongly believing that the past doesn’t have to shape someone’s future, the artist explains that “there is a moment when you develop a certain awareness and you can choose how you want to live your life for the better. I think that’s what I want to eventually bring forth whether it is through art, through social media, or just through a conversation with someone.”
Taking this project to a whole new level, Jovanny started the Snap Thoughts initiative last summer, inviting people to send him Snapchat messages answering the following question “what time is it there and what are you thinking?” The platform provides people from across the globe with a safe space to express their deepest fears and secrets.
“A week after the launch of the Snap Thoughts project, I got the first story that became symbolic of the project,” explains Jovanny. “That was a girl from Bolivia that sent in a SnapThought saying that she’d been saving up her medication and she wanted to overdose the next day. ”
The community responded in an incredible way sending messages of love and support to the Bolivian girl who ended up overwhelmed by the amazing response she had gotten from complete strangers.
Receiving these messages with their enormous emotional charge is no easy task and Jovanny makes sure his own mental health is in check before replying to anyone. By checking on himself daily, being mindful of his own environment, and carefully choosing the people he surrounds himself with, he can keep track of his mental health.
“Then no matter if someone approaches me with the worst thing that has ever happened to them, I am mentally stable and I can help or I can at least take that information and not internalise it,” he adds.
“There are some days where I feel I won’t be able to give the Snap Thoughts project the attention that it deserves. Maybe I don’t feel like opening up the channel because I’m feeling sensitive or nostalgic or not in the right proper mental emotional state and I just don’t open them until I’m ready.”
But why are all these people sharing their deepest secrets with The Artidote’s founder? The key element is the community he created.
“I think that the people sending Snap Thoughts are people who really feel a part of this community, they know that they’re not gonna be judged, they know that instead of dismissal they gonna find not necessarily acceptance but understanding and support.”
Julia Migné
Julia Migné is a multimedia journalist and wildlife photographer specialising in environmental issues and odd hobbies. She has written for Africa Geographic and BBC Wildlife among others. An endless traveller, she swears that she would visit one country for each letter of the alphabet.
First all-female animation summit fights gender bias
UNICEF names 19 -year-old Syrian refugee as goodwill ambassador
3 replies to The Artidote: We’re in this together
Pingback: How to Overcome Writer’s Block – INKLINE
Pingback: Putting the spotlight on mental health – INKLINE
Evesters says:
11 Apr 2019 at 4:00 am
This is amazing! This page is life changing for me and the people who read this. Do NOT stop! Keep providing hope. You are awesome, you are epic, you are worth it! Boom!
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1791
|
__label__wiki
| 0.945667
| 0.945667
|
Ola Elvestuen is Norwegian Minister of Climate and Environment. Photo: Thomas Nilsen
«There is no reason for any state to have a nuclear-powered missile»
Russia’s missing reactor-powered cruise missile in the Barents Sea obviously causes concerns, says Norway’s Environment Minister, Ola Elvestuen.
Thomas Nilsen
«We have to take this seriously. From an environmental point of view this obviously causes concern,» Minister Elvestuen says to the Barents Observer.
Norway and Russia share the stocks of cod in the Barents Sea, a multi-billion business and important for tens of thousands of dinner-tables across Europe every day. A missing reactor-powered missile is no good news.
On Wednesday, Minister Ola Elvestuen met with the Barents Observer at the Fram Center in Tromsø, a Arctic climate and research center where also Norway’s High North section of the Radiation Protection Authority opened its new offices and lab.
«A possible missing nuclear-powered missile in important fishing grounds of the Barents Sea shows the importance of having a radiation emergency preparedness unit in Tromsø,» Elvestuen says.
First made public by President Vladimir Putin in March this year, the existence of a nuclear-powered cruise-missile was shown in a defense ministry video of the test-launching. Putin told that during the flight, the missile reached its design capacity and provided necessary propulsion. That would mean a start of the reactor, although the reactor going critical is not confirmed. During initial launch, the missile lifts off with regular fuel as can be seen in the video.
In his speech, Putin said «At the end of 2017, a successful launch of the newest Russian cruise-missile with a nuclear-power plant took place at Russia’s Central Range.»
The Central Range for nuclear weapons tests is located at Novaya Zemlya.
As reported by the Barents Observer earlier this week, the launch site is by Russian bloggers discovered to be at Pankovo, an old observation post some few tens of kilometers south of the nuclear weapons polygon at the Matochkin Shar on Novaya Zemlya.
From Pankovo, the missile was launched in a northern direction along the coastline towards the Barents Sea.
The American news channel CNBC has previously reported that Russia’s new nuclear-powered cruise-missile has been tested four times in the Arctic in the period from November last year till February this year.
Mysterious radiation
A source from within Russia’s military industrial complex interviewed by Vedomosti assures the radiation safety during the test was ensured. However, at the time, tiny little radioactivity was measured at Svanhovd on Norway’s border to Russia in the north as reported by the Barents Observer and speculations raised about possible links to testing of the reactor-powered missile. Also in January and February, small traces of radioactive iodine-131 were measured in Scandinavia and other parts of Europe.
In Tromsø, Head of the High North Section of the Radiation Protection Authority (NRPA), Inger Margrethe Eikelmann, says no radioactivity has been measured in the Barents Sea that can be linked to a crashed nuclear-powered missile.
Inger Margrethe Eikelmann is Head of section High North with the Norwegian Radiation Protection Authorities in Tromsø. Photo: Thomas Nilsen
«We have been working to obtain information about this for a while,» Eikelmann informs. «Its needed to get knowledge about what kind of reactor this is and whereabout it is.»
NRPA’s Tromsø laboratory along with the unit at Svanhovd in the Pasvik valley have advanced equipment for measuring radioactivity, as well as mobile measuring instruments for ise in the field.
«We are cooperating with both the Coast Guard and the Coastal Administration. Continuously updating threat-scenarios are important,» Inger Margrethe Eikelmann says.
Good cooperation wiht Russia
Today, researcher Louise Kiel Jensen is testing mussels and different spices of fish for radioactivity in the laboratory. Levels of different radionuclides are very low for all seafood along the coast of Norway and in the Barents Sea.
For the radiation watchdog, cooperation- and information exchange with counterparts in northern Russia is essential. «Our last joint expedition to measure radioactivity was in 2014 to the sunken nuclear-powered submarine K-159,» Ekelmann tells. The wreak submarine, with two reactors onboard, sank just off the coast of the Kola Peninsula in August 15 years ago.
«Expeditions are expensive, but we do have a continuously very good exchange of information on measurements of radioactivity at sea with our Russian colleagues,» she says.
Researcher Louise Kiel Jensen preparing mussels and other seafood for radiation laboratory testing. Photo: Thomas Nilsen
Attention to possible incidents or accidents involving nuclear reactors are raising in Norway, not least because of the increasing number of nuclear powered submarines sailing in Arctic waters. Both Northern Fleet submarines from bases on the Kola Peninsula and U.S. or British submarines making port calls to Northern Norway.
For the nuclear experts at NRPA in Tromsø though, the news about testing of reactor-powered missile and crashes are worrying. From Russia, little information about what’s going on is available. The missile program is surrounded by secrecy by the military.
Nuclear meeting in Murmansk
Spokesperson with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Oslo, Kari Eken Wollebæk, says in an e-mail that the ministry has received no notification from Russia in regards to the missile tests.
«Our priority now is to obtain sufficient factual basis for the further handling of the case,» Eken Wollebæk says. She tells that all questions relevant for Norway’s nuclear emergency preparedness are discussed at the annual meetings of the joint nuclear safety commission with Russia
The commission will meet in Murmansk in September.
Since the early 1990s, Norway has contributed with more than 2 billion kroner (€207 million) for nuclear safety projects in Northwest Russia.
Inger Eikelmann (left) and Louise Jensen with Norwegian Radiation Protection Authorities Tromsø department. Photo: Thomas Nilsen
Meanwhile, Russia is launching a search- and rescue mission to the Barents Sea to recover the crashed missile, CNBC reported on Tuesday.
Intelligence service confirms crashes
Norway’s military intelligence confirms to the Barents Observer their knowledge about two of the tested missiles failing during flight.
«The intelligence service confirms that Russia in November 2017 conducted two failed test-shootings of a new land-based cruise-missile from a temporarily test range at Novaya Zemlya. The first failed shortly after launch and fell down on the island. The other had a longer flightpath before failing or the test was aborted. That missile fell down in the sea near the shores on the west coast of Novaya Zemlya,» says Major Brynjar Stordal, spokesperson with the Joint Headquarters.
He says the intelligence service connects the tests to the new weapon President Putin described earlier this year. «It is indicated that the new missile is using a reactor-propulsion system. The intelligence service can not confirm that the missiles tested in November 2017 had such propulsion system,» Stordal says.
Also, the intelligence service has so far not registered, or received any information about, unormal levels of radiation from this area that is located some 800 kilometers from Norway.
The distance from Norway’s north-easternmost town of Vardø to the launch site believed to be Pankovo south of the Matotchkin Shar at Novaya Zemlya is 830 kilometers across the Barents Sea.
Major Brynjar Stordal elaborates and says the Joint Headquarters has not initiated any preparedness measures towards this area.
«IF,» Stordal says with capitalized letters, «we had reasons to believe there were any danger of radiation or other harm we would of course been reporting this immediately.»
The Norwegian military are, as normally, working in close cooperation with the NRPA and other civilian institutions, the spokesperson tells.
Crane ship KIL-143 is regularly sailing to Novaya Zemlya and on voyages that could be linked to weapons testing. Here at port in Severomorsk. Photo: Thomas Nilsen
Small reactor, little radiation
In July, the Russian online Popular Mechanics published a longer article about the new missile powered by a small reactor. The article argues that the reactor could be a fast neutron reactor like the largest space reactors used by the Soviet Union. Also, the core may consist of Americium-242.
The reactor is very small in size, maybe less than half a meter.
Nils Bøhmer, nuclear physicist with Bellona says such reactor core might be possible. «It would then need less fissionable material to reach critical mass and consequently it would be less radioactivity compared with amore traditional reactor with uranium fuel,» Bøhmer says.
He underlines that there are many unanswered questions and a lot of uncertainty regarding such untested technology.
Testing a missile with a small nuclear reactor will, whatever, involve a calculated radiation risk. Any missile launched will have to come down, whether it is by accident or it hits its designated target.
Radiation danger sign. Photo: Thomas Nilsen
We can, with your help, continue free and independent journalism in the borderland to Russia in the north. Support the Barents Observer.
Military expedition continues across Novaya Zemlya
Development of new seaport starts in Novaya Zemlya
With a nuclear submarine in centre, Northern Fleet flotilla sails home
To the memory of the submarine commanders who fired nuclear torpedoes at Novaya Zemlya
Loading of nuclear fuel begins at floating power plant in Murmansk
170 recruits sent to Novaya Zemlya
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1792
|
__label__cc
| 0.668527
| 0.331473
|
Javier’s Story by Dr. Gregory Bartha
Javier’s Story
by Dr. Gregory Bartha
Javier was educated in Belize. He got an associate degree in biology and chemistry after high school and then applied to the Latin American Medical School in Cuba. He was interviewed and accepted at this school. All training, housing, food and textbooks are free for the students. The first two to three years are spent in Havana, where Spanish and basic sciences are taught. The students then go to the provinces for clinical training. The period of study lasts for seven years, and then there is a final exam. Students who pass (about 90%) return to their home countries and must work there in medicine for at least seven years.
At any one time, about 5000 students are studying in the Havana campus. It really is a self-contained small city with all services available. The compound is fenced, and students are allowed out only on weekends. The students come mainly from Latin America, but Africa is also represented. Several hundred are from Mexico, Belize, Venezuela, Brazil, Guatemala and Honduras. About 50% are women. Minorities are actively recruited. All lecturers are Cuban, and Javier states that the quality of teaching is very good. The students take their courses in groups of 50. They sleep in dormitory style housing, 16 to a room.
Javier finished medical school and did one year of internship at the Karl Heusner Memorial Hospital in Belize City. In whatever free time he had, he worked with Dr. Beatriz Thompson, who heads the Belize Hospice and Palliative Care Foundation. She also trained in Cuba and did additional work in pain management in Mexico. She is an anesthesiologist at the Heusner Memorial Hospital. She runs the hospice and palliative care program with only volunteers assisting her. Now Javier has received a six-month government grant to pay his salary while he works with Dr. Thompson.
I worked alongside Javier and the volunteers for two weeks. We visited patients in their homes, changed dressings, debrided pressure sores, provided pain medication, including morphine, and gave out adult diapers, absorbent pads, hospital beds and oxygen concentrators. Most clients are cancer patients, the majority suffering from advanced ovarian, colon and breast tumors. The team also emphasizes spiritual care. Members pray for the patients and sing hymns. The visits are really acts of love and faith.
Javier is a most dedicated and compassionate physician. He is an eager learner and has recently returned from a palliative care conference in Barbados. He hopes to pursue additional training in palliative care and oncology in the UK.
By Gregory Bartha|November 29th, 2015|Health|0 Comments
About the Author: Gregory Bartha
Elderly physician embarks on a new journey in life serving God and the people of Uganda. My goal is to move from living a good life to living a great life.
Information on the Sequoia and Yosemite National Parks
Geoffrey and Michael
Common Medical Problems Seen in the Cross Emergency Medical Clinic Dr. Gregory Bartha
Kelly’s Story by Dr. Gregory Bartha
The John Charity Foundation
Trip to London and Denmark
Quick Ride to Kenya
Cross Clinic Update
Kidepo
Lexi Haest
Mission to South Sudan Refugees
Ronald’s Story
A New Son
Two Churches
A Visit with Jaz Karim
Trip to Ibanda
Report on Recent Activities
John Robert Opio - Pastor says:
Comment...Dr. Gregory not only does medical healing services, he also supports...
Judy Davis says:
I was interested in seeing where God has lead you. Keep posting....
Ruth (Buck) Holley says:
Dr Bartha so nice to read about what you are doing -...
John Robert Opio - Pastor on Kelly’s Story by Dr. Gregory Bartha
Judy Davis on Common Medical Problems Seen in the Cross Emergency Medical Clinic Dr. Gregory Bartha
Ruth (Buck) Holley on Common Medical Problems Seen in the Cross Emergency Medical Clinic Dr. Gregory Bartha
Luz rodriguez on Common Medical Problems Seen in the Cross Emergency Medical Clinic Dr. Gregory Bartha
Linda Pitkin on Common Medical Problems Seen in the Cross Emergency Medical Clinic Dr. Gregory Bartha
The information presented on this website is only for entertainment and informational purpose, and it is not be construed as medical advise, diagnosis or treatment.
© The Formula Vita, [2014]. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this blog’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts, photos and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to the author, photographer and The Formula Vita with appropriate and specific direction to the original content.
© The Formula Vita, [2014] | All Rights Reserved. Terms & Conditions :: Privacy Policy :: Disclaimer :: Design by 7DA
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1795
|
__label__wiki
| 0.87292
| 0.87292
|
SEC updates guidance on disclosing cyber breaches
By Morgan Chalfant - 02/21/18 03:33 PM EST
© Victoria Sarno Jordan
Wall Street’s top regulator on Wednesday released updated guidance on how public companies should go about disclosing cybersecurity breaches and "risks" to the public.
The Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) new guidance says companies should inform investors about cybersecurity risks, even if they have not yet been targeted by hackers in a cyberattack.
It also stresses that companies publicly disclose breaches in a timely fashion, and instructs firms to take steps to prevent executives and others with previous knowledge of a breach from trading in its securities before the information is made public.
The new guidance comes after credit reporting firm Equifax attracted massive scrutiny in Washington and across the country for a breach that impacted more than 145 million American consumers. Equifax discovered the breach internally at the end of July but did not publicly disclose it until September.
The company has also been scrutinized over reports that top executives sold shares in the company in the days after the breach was discovered. The company has cleared the employees of wrongdoing, saying that an internal investigation revealed they had no knowledge of the breach when they made the trades.
SEC Chairman Jay Clayton said Wednesday he hopes the updated guidance “will promote clearer and more robust disclosure by companies about cybersecurity risks and incidents, resulting in more complete information being available to investors.”
“In particular, I urge public companies to examine their controls and procedures, with not only their securities law disclosure obligations in mind, but also reputational considerations around sales of securities by executives,” Clayton said.
The so-called interpretive guidance released Wednesday states that it is “critical that public companies take all required actions to inform investors about material cybersecurity risks and incidents in a timely fashion, including those companies that are subject to material cybersecurity risks but may not yet have been the target of a cyber-attack.”
“Where a company has become aware of a cybersecurity incident or risk that would be material to its investors, we would expect it to make appropriate disclosure timely and sufficiently prior to the offer and sale of securities and to take steps to prevent directors and officers (and other corporate insiders who were aware of these matters) from trading its securities until investors have been appropriately informed about the incident or risk,” the updated guidance states.
The SEC voted to approve the guidance on Tuesday, according to the statement.
The commission attracted its own scrutiny on Capitol Hill in late September, after Clayton revealed that hackers breached the SEC’s corporate filing system known as EDGAR in 2016 by exploiting a software vulnerability.
Clayton, who was confirmed last May to lead the SEC under the Trump administration, has pledged to make cybersecurity a top issue.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1800
|
__label__cc
| 0.743861
| 0.256139
|
Vernier Software & Technology Releases Renewable Energy Lab Books for Middle School Science
Collection of hands-on investigations using Vernier data-collection technology helps students understand renewable energy and practice engineering concepts
BEAVERTON, Oregon, May 14, 2019 — Vernier Software & Technology has released two new digital lab books for middle school science. Wind Energy Explorations and Solar Energy Explorations both utilize a variety of Vernier data-collection technology and software to engage students in hands-on scientific discovery.
“Our latest lab books provide a collection of experiments and engineering projects,” said John Wheeler, CEO of Vernier Software & Technology. “These experiments strengthen critical thinking skills by introducing students to alternative energy solutions to real-world problems while helping them explore and analyze key concepts included in the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS).”
Wind Energy Explorations introduces students to renewable energy, wind power, and engineering design. The nine experiments included in the lab book utilize Go Direct® Energy, the KidWind Basic Wind Experiment Kit, and the Vernier Resistor Board.
Solar Energy Explorations teaches students about renewable energy, solar power, and engineering design. It features eight experiments that use Go Direct Energy, Go Direct Temperature, the Solar Energy Exploration Kit, and the Vernier Resistor Board.
Teachers can access the most up-to-date versions of the experiments with these digital lab books, which include word-processing files that teachers can edit to match their teaching styles. Each lab book includes helpful teaching tips, important discussion points, and sample data and graphs.
To learn more about Wind Energy Explorations, visit www.vernier.com/msb-wind-e. To learn more about Solar Energy Explorations, visit www.vernier.com/msb-solar-e.
About Vernier Software & Technology
Vernier Software & Technology has led the innovation of scientific data-collection technology for 38 years. Vernier was founded by a former physics teacher and employs educators at all levels of the organization. The company is committed to teachers and to developing creative ways to teach and learn science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) using hands-on science. Vernier creates easy-to-use and affordable science interfaces, sensors, and graphing/analysis software. With worldwide distribution to over 150 countries, Vernier data loggers are used by educators and students from elementary school to university. Vernier technology-based solutions enhance STEM education, increase learning, build students' critical thinking skills, and support the science and engineering practices detailed in the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). The Vernier business culture is grounded in Earth-friendly policies and practices, and the company provides a family-friendly workplace. For more information, visit http://www.vernier.com.
Lisa Datka Christine Lynch
Vernier Software & Technology KEH Communications
ldatka@vernier.com christine@kehcomm.com
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1804
|
__label__wiki
| 0.907716
| 0.907716
|
The Militia Group
BOOKING: Ron Opaleski, William Morris Agency – ro@wma.com
MANAGEMENT: chrisblack@donetodeathrepresents.com
PUBLICITY: brandon@themilitiagroup.com
Cartel sees themselves as minstrels of their day, offering songs about life and love that have always captured the human soul. Issuing a challenge to their cohorts, Will Pugh calls out pop punk today isn’t going anywhere- let’s make some moves. With their new album “Chroma,” Cartel definitely makes some big moves in the right direction. Having toured across the US multiple times, with a widely enjoyed, self-released EP Cartel quickly garnered a devoted and noticeably growing fan base with a reputation for being one of the most fun, genuine, talented bands around. When Alternative Press compiled their 2005 list of “Bands You Need to Know,” you bet your boots that Cartel was on that list. The band’s “Ranson” EP was a hit with fans everywhere, and what the band has achieved with “Chroma” is the result of hard work, intuition, and great synergy between old friends. Cartel has only been a band for a few short years, but the band’s members have known each other for well over a decade. This record sounds like an inspired band who are unafraid to be inquisitive in their song craft and recording. It doesn’t stray far from their true sound, but at the very same time soars much higher and drags along with it noticeable influences from the band’s love for bands their parents listened to. In the song “Answer” Will Pugh found out where a lot of his inspiration came from and tips his hat to Brian Wilson. “Chroma” reflects the band’s ability and desire to write timeless songs with genuine subject matter and classic nature in the modern world of the benign and cold. The band attempts to take a step into the same ballpark as the staid records of their parent’s generation that inspire for generations to come. While “Chroma” is not a concept album, the album was built as a cohesive piece. Honestly, Settle Down, and If I Fail are specific examples among many of songs inspired by a common, fervent search for love and truth with beckoning lyrics and a pop tinge. Settle Down contains the darker undertones of the three, and the angst of young love with hope of lessons learned. It’s not so much pop punk anymore for the Atlanta boys, but more pop rock, now laden with more alt rock tinges and twists. Where bands in the sixties brought rock ‘n roll out of the drab singles format- Cartel has a new direction and vision for their music, bringing surprise and intrigue. “Chroma” offers plenty of surprises while remaining culturally relevant and fresh. Cartel has opened their minds to new musical possibilities that challenge their peers to achieve something more. The band brings the best of both worlds in accessibility and artistry. “Chroma” also reveals Will Pugh’s deep thoughts and philosophical questioning through bright melodies that stay in your head all day long. Their compelling guitar arrangements, driving drums, and youthful energy rival more seasoned artists and naturally invoke attention. Cartel mesh loud, bombastic guitars with pretty melodies and rock arrangements with an acute sense of pop songwriting. The band started out as a guilty pleasure for many- who are now demanding more and more. Their LP is evidence of a creative connection that transcends the band’s relatively short life.
©2019 The Militia Group - Powered by Simpleasy
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1808
|
__label__cc
| 0.626488
| 0.373512
|
Film Festival / film reviews / Sudance London 2019
Sundance London 2019 Film Review – Animals (2019)
May 30, 2019 May 30, 2019 - by Scott J.Davis - Leave a Comment
And so it’s that time of year again: the heat is slowly unleashing its power upon us and now begins four months of moaning Brits complaining about sweaty tubes and buses (granted, we have much bigger things to complaining about right now, but there we are). But with the slowly rising temperatures settling in, it’s time for a slice of Utah coldness with the Sundance Film Festival returning to London. There’s much to see, too much in fact, so let’s not waste any time.
Sophie Hyde’s Animals, based on the novel of the same name by Emma Jane Unsworth and who also pens the screenplay, was hailed as one of the big “must-sees” after its debut back in January and it’s not difficult to see just why it make such a splash across the pond back then. The story of two best friends, Laura (Holliday Grainger) and Tyler (Alia Shawkat), who have been by each other’s side for over a decade and are on the cusp of 30-something without much to show for it – Laura dreams of being a writer but has been blocked for years, whilst Tyler is living vicariously due to leaving her family in the US. Their care-free, responsibility-lite friendship changes when Laura meets and subsequently gets engaged to a local Irish piano player.
It’s a universal life crossroads is the big 3-0, made even more colossal when life hasn’t gone the way you hoped it would a decade earlier: when dreams where big and broad while the reality is small and dark with those alternate versions of what could have been overtaking you like sports cars on an endless motorway, and Hyde beautifully illustrates such coming-of-age growing pains with deftness and a real flair. There is a jarring nature to proceedings as we get our heads around the sheer volume of time and experiences the two ladies have been on together but it’s never to the detriment of them or the film itself, instead only adding to the weight of this undeniable love between the duo and gives the film a defiant edge.
And what a duo it is with both our leads performing wonderfully throughout with Grainger stealing the show with an absolute powerhouse of a performance that is as thunderous as it is heartbreaking. Anyone that has ever felt like a stifled creative will feel and see so much in Laura’s life that could quite easily be your own, feeling like ones worst enemy and having friends who don’t quite understand that passion, and Grainger’s melancholic, poignant portrayal is easily one of the best of the year. Shawkat, meanwhile, has always been a deft, insightful performer and here she follows on from countless other noteworthy performances with another that’s as ferocious yet ultimately heartbreaking as anything she has done.
With its sharp edges, brutal honesty and explicitness, Animals may not be for everybody but the rewards are abundant for a film that oozes wit and honesty in spades and headlined by two absolutely dynamite central performances which are worth the price of admission alone.
Scott J.Davies | ★★★★★
Comedy, Drama | USA, 2019 | 15 | 2019 Sundance London | 31 st May / 2nd June, 2nd August (UK Cinema) | Picturehouse Entertainment | Dir.Sophie Hyde | Holliday Grainger , Alia Shawkat
Tagged20192019 Sundance London Film FestivalAlia Shawkatanimalsholliday graingerSophie Hyde
Previous Article First Trailer For The Goldfinch Starring Ansel Elgort And Nicole Kidman
Next Article Where to Begin with Yakuza Movies
About Scott J.Davis
View all posts by Scott J.Davis →
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1810
|
__label__cc
| 0.68733
| 0.31267
|
PrevDragon Ball Episode 81
NextDragon Ball Episode 83
Dragon Ball Episode 82
The Rampage of InoShikaCho
Goku finds some people running away from their village. They say that a monster named InoShikaCho is terrorizing their village. Goku goes to the village and finds two men, one of whom has a third eye, who defeated Inoshikacho. The villagers pay them 100,000 zeni for their services. Later, Goku finds them in the woods with InoShikaCho around a campfire. Goku realizes that they only pretended to kill the monster to get money. The three-eyed stranger fights Goku. He chops down a tree, which falls on Goku. A girl wakes him up, saying that she found him unconscious in the woods. Goku goes to the next village and finds the two strangers pulling the same trick. Goku says that they’re friends with InoShikaCho, but they trick the villagers into believing Goku is friends with them. Goku picks up InoShikaCho and runs off, but the villagers catch him. The girl who saved him appears and clears Goku’s name.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1817
|
__label__wiki
| 0.969945
| 0.969945
|
Hulu will use the $750 million to cover growing programming costs
In a statement, the media giants said they would retain their ownership positions and would infuse Hulu with $750 million in cash to "propel future growth." Wholesale Jewelry Accessories, Factory Outlet, No MOQ! Though Comcast was not allowed to be part of the decision-making because of the regulatory conditions of its acquisition of NBCUniversal, it is investing an equal share of the $750 million so that the stakes remain the same. The parent companies would not elaborate beyond the statment. None of the bidders—DirecTV , the Chernin Group with AT&T, Guggenheim Digital Media and Time Warner Cable, which wanted to buy a minority stake—would comment. Hulu will use the $750 million to cover growing programming costs, including developing deeper libraries and more original content, an area of particular interest to Hulu interim CEO Andy Forssell. Both will help the company compete against Netflix. (Read More: Malone Calls for Cable Consolidation) What happened? Sources tell me that as Disney and Fox went through the bids this week, they overcame their differences with a renewed understanding of the value of Wholesale Necklaces Hulu Plus, the $8-a-month subscription service, which has more than 4 million subscribers after more than doubling last year. Hulu's parents had said it wasn't just a sale process but a "review of the business" to look at the best growth prospect. But Disney and Fox traditionally had different priorities: The former favored a free, ad-supported Hulu option; the latter preferred the subscription model. But in reviewing bids from subscription services DirecTV, AT&T and Time Warner Cable, the owners saw that their primary interest was in that subscription model. It appears profitable in its own right, as well as a potentially key way to let pay-TV subscribers log in to access more streaming content—delivering more online content to boost the value of the subscription and prevent cord-cutting. One sticking point for all the bidders was that Disney and Fox didn't want to give content rights for Hulu Plus for more than two years. Wholesale Fashion Daisy Ring Flowers Rings 2013.
2013-7-14 上午10:03:36 | Current Affairs
I thought she had come from the terminal AP adds "Lee herself worked to put out fires and usher passengers to safety despite a broken tailbone that kept her standing throughout www.754shop.com a news briefing with mostly South Korean reporters at a San Francisco hotel. She said she didn't know how badly she was hurt until a doctor...
Activists called not for an end to protests About 10 representatives from local activist organizations gathered with www.754shop.com law enforcement and political officials to broadcast their united message: “Let’s honor Trayvon Martin’s legacy by not breaking the law. Let’s keep it peaceful,” said Najee Ali, a local activist who spoke first on the group’s behalf. Activists called not...
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1818
|
__label__wiki
| 0.57012
| 0.57012
|
Jim Beam Latest Target in Bourbon Class-Action Lawsuits
February 21, 2015 – A California law firm is doubling down in its legal fight against Beam Suntory over claims that two of the company’s Bourbons are “hand-made.” Costa Mesa-based Kazerouni Law Group has filed a class-action lawsuit in US District Court in San Diego on behalf of a consumer who claims he was misled by the “hand-crafted” label on Jim Beam Bourbon. The lawsuit seeks to include all California consumers who purchased Jim Beam over the previous four years, and asks for at least five million dollars in damages in addition to legal fees.
Kazerouni Law Group filed a similar suit against Beam Suntory-owned Maker’s Mark in December on the same grounds. Both lawsuits accuse the whisky brands of violating California state laws on false advertising and unfair competition, and allege that consumers paid more for the two whiskies than they would have because of the labels’ claims that they were hand-made. Both suits rely on images, video, and documents from the brands’ web sites showing the various steps in the distilling process.
Lawyers for Beam Suntory have already filed a motion seeking to dismiss the lawsuit against Maker’s Mark. The company issued a statement after the suit against Jim Beam to the Lexington Herald-Leader that nearly matches the one provided to WhiskyCast in December following the Maker’s Mark lawsuit word for word:
“This claim is frivolous. We will defend our case vigorously and we are confident that we will prevail. Beyond that, as a matter of company policy, we don’t comment on the details of matters in litigation.”
No hearing date has been set, and lawyers for Beam Suntory have not yet filed their response to the second lawsuit. This story will be updated as more information becomes available.
Editor’s note: Court filings in civil cases present only one side of a story, and any claims made in a filing are not proven as factual until subject to cross-examination and rebuttal during a trial. A complete copy of this lawsuit is available to review at the WhiskyCast web site.
4 years ago 1 Comment
4 years ago · Log in to Reply
CarltonW said…
I would really like to see Beam Suntory fight this tooth and nail. If they settle, it just encourages more of these cases to be filed.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1828
|
__label__wiki
| 0.708069
| 0.708069
|
View source for Staffing in School Library Media Centers
From Professionaltips
← Staffing in School Library Media Centers
The action you have requested is limited to users in one of the groups: Users, emailconfirmed.
ALA's school librarian division, the [http://www.ala.org/aasl American Association of School Librarians] (AASL, a division of ALA <http://www.ala.org/aasl>) has provided a [http://www.ala.org/ala/mgrps/divs/aasl/aaslissues/positionstatements/appropriatestaffing.cfm Position Statement on Appropriate Staffing for School Library Media Centers], Revised 09/01/2010 ALA no longer has prescriptive, formula-based standards for school library staffing based on the number of students. However, we do recommend your benchmarking your library against current national school library surveys, including -- * Annual (previously biennial) survey which appears in the magazine, ''School Library Journal''; the newest installment of the survey appears in the March 2012 issue, titled, [http://www.schoollibraryjournal.com/slj/newsletters/newsletterbucketextrahelping2/893538-477/brace_yourself_sljs_school_library.html.csp Brace Yourself: SLJ's school library spending survey shows the hard times aren't over, and better advocacy is needed], by Lesley Farmer, in the section with the heading, '''The staffing situation'''. <blockquote> The March 2011 edition was titled [http://www.libraryjournal.com/slj/home/889109-312/sljs_spending_survey_as_the.html.csp SLJ's Spending Survey: As the economy limps along and federal dollars dwindle, school librarians are turning into resourceful survivors] by Lesley Farmer; scroll down to the section with the heading, '''The state of things'''. <p></p> The April 2009 edition, titled [http://www.schoollibraryjournal.com/article/CA6648082.html "School Library Journal's Spending Survey,"] by Lesley Farmer and Marilyn Shontz, had its staffing information in the first section, labeled [http://www.schoollibraryjournal.com/article/CA6648082.html#Staffing%20cuts%20to%20the%20bone '''Staffing cuts to the bone''']; view [http://www.schoollibraryjournal.com/articles/images/SLJ/20090401/Table_01.jpg Table 1]. </blockquote> * [http://www.ala.org/aasl/researchandstatistics/slcsurvey/slcsurvey School Libraries Count!] which is a longitudinal survey by AASL that asks questions about staffing levels. The report on the results does not say what staffing levels should be, but it does show what school library media programs in the United States are reporting in the survey. See the [http://www.ala.org/aasl/researchandstatistics/slcsurvey/2011/slc2011#hours Hours and Staffing] section of [http://www.ala.org/aasl/researchandstatistics/slcsurvey/2011/slc2011 School Libraries Count! 2011 Full Report]. * The U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), [http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=20093223 Characteristics of Public and Bureau of Indian Education Elementary and Secondary School Library Media Centers in the United States: Results from the 2007-08 Schools and Staffing Survey]. From "Selected Findings" summary, page 3 (11 of 53): <blockquote> The majority of all public school library media centers had at least one full-time, paid, state-certified library media center specialist (62 percent). Additionally, 11 percent had no full-time and at least one part-time, paid, state-certified library media center specialist and 27 percent had no full-time or part-time, paid, state-certified library media center specialists (table 2). </blockquote> [http://aasl.ala.org/essentiallinks/index.php?title=Facts_and_Figures Facts and Figures] page at the [http://aasl.ala.org/essentiallinks/index.php?title=Welcome! AASL Essential Links: Resources for School Library Media Program Development] has links to more national school library surveys. [[Category:Administration and Management]]
Return to Staffing in School Library Media Centers.
Retrieved from "https://wikis.ala.org/professionaltips/index.php?title=Staffing_in_School_Library_Media_Centers"
Ask the Librarian
About Professionaltips
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1832
|
__label__cc
| 0.708362
| 0.291638
|
Immigrants: A View from The Bronx
Immigrants didn't red line the
Bronx,
Or burn its apartments
Or close its firehouses
Or shut down
the great music programs
in Bronx schools
to neighborhoods
had given up on
And rented apartments
Opened stores
Built churches and Islamic Centers
And produced valedictorians
and new forms of music
which changed the world
When you attack
You plunge a knife
into the heart of the
Bronx.
Posted by Mark Naison at 4:56 PM 4 comments:
A Message to Young People on Confronting Unexpected Hardships
During the course of my long life, I have had to cope with three completely unexpected tragedies- the Vietnam War, the burning of the Bronx, and the crack epidemic. In each of these instances, immense suffering ensued that required years, if not decades to recover from, while millions of people suffered injuries from which no recovery was possible
I put the Trump Presidency in the same category. Two years ago, no one could have predicted that someone with his character traits or background could have ascended to the Presidency. But he is here and here to stay and the damage to our social fabric he is inflicting is deep and lasting.
If is a very difficult thing to realize that the kind of tragedy that you have only read about in history books has entered your life and experience. You may have to do things you never dreamed of doing. But those who aren't crushed by the experience do ultimately adapt, and try to either live around the destruction or minimize the damage.
For better or worse, you are going to have to play the hand you're dealt. And try to survive with some semblance of self respect, along with compassion for those going through this with you.
I have done this three times. And am busy working on a fourth.
You can do it once.
Posted by Mark Naison at 10:44 AM 1 comment:
Street Renaming for the Chantels- Pioneering Bronx Music Group
It is with the greatest pleasure that I offer the enthusiastic support of the scholars and community partners of the Bronx African American History Project for a street sign on 166 Street and Prospect Avenue honoring the pioneering Bronx music group, the Chantels. When the Chantels recorded "Maybe" in 1957, they changed the course of music history. Prior to that time, all of the urban harmonic groups who sold a million records were male. "Maybe" broke the mold. Sung by five 8th graders at St Anthony of Padua Elementary School, the song not only sold a million records, it set in motion the phenomenon of the "Girl Groups," which swept through popular music in the late Fifties and Early Sixties. The Shirelles, the Crystals, the Chiffons, even the Supremes, all followed in a path that the Chantels walked first, Honoring the Chantels with a street sign not only gives this remarkable group the respect they deserve, it will inspire future generations of young people in the Bronx to learn how young people from their community transformed popular music in the US and around the world. Community Board 3 and the City Council have the opportunity to do something extremely important for the Bronx and its people. Naming a street sign after the Chantels will not only honor an important group, it will help secure Morrisania's reputation as a community which produced as many varieties of popular music as any place in the world in the 1940's, 1950's and 1960's
Founder and Director, Bronx African American History Project
Posted by Mark Naison at 11:48 AM 4 comments:
Why I Won't Miss Al Franken
When it came to education policy, Al Franken symbolized everything wrong with the Democratic Party. He was a tireless advocate for charter schools, Teach for America, and test based evaluation of schools and teachers- someone who persistently ignored the voice of public school teachers in his own state. I am not in the least bit sorry to see him go. The only way the Democratic Party can become a credible opposition party, and eventually lead the country out of the deep hole trump and the republicans are digging, is by repudiating the neo-liberalism that most of its leaders espouse, and presenting a vision of a future where the voice of ordinary people counts more than that of billionaires. And that means a break with cynicism and the discovery of a genuine moral compass that not only rejects sexual harassment but refuses to countenance demonization of teachers and other important sections of the nation’s work force. Al Franken showed no capacity to do that. I won’t miss him at all
Posted by Mark Naison at 1:54 PM 1 comment:
Young People and the US Political Crisis- A Commentary by Dr Brian Purnell
Personally, I think we frame the issues incorrectly. We are, for the most part, reactionary. The other side is winning because it unifies around single issues - anti-choice, homophobia, guns, and low taxes. It paints its supporters as victims. And it dismisses all opposition as fake and contrived.
What is the counter narrative? I don't think our students have one.
They have an analysis. And it angers them. And they have positions. But being "woke," like the post-60s growth of "consciousness," does not give people a narrative to support, or a story to believe in.
The targets are too amorphous and disconnected: privilege, systemic injustice, inequality, power. They know more about the macro-systems and micro-aggressions, but less about weaving a unified vision of justice, peace, and yes, love.
I have no doubt that individuals and some resistance movements push those greater goods, but as far as advancing a broader agenda that can mobilize, energize, and focus a powerful opposition capable of mounting an effective attack against the neo-fascism taking over our country and Europe -- we have failed to advance a vision that brings people together to do that.
Obama used "Hope and Change," but he was too beholden to the aggressiveness of global capitalism to deal with so many people excluded from the economy.
Bernie and Occupy used "We are the 99%" but it fails to deal with the reality of our culture: we don't want to be like everyone else; we want to be special and different, even when we fight for the collective.
We have "Black Lives Matter," but it has not moved the needle enough on the legal and procedural protections that enable corruption in municipal politics, especially policing.
We have "Me Too" and the pelts of some major sex predators to hang on the wall, but a Predator-in-Chief as our national leader, and a soon-to-be Senator accused of serially preying upon teenagers.
These frameworks are not working. They inform. They inspire self-reflection. But they do not really inspire.
That is why our students do not seem determined. Determined for what, and why, and how?
That is why the other side is hungrier. It fights for its vision of civilization and nation and family.
Until we tell our story in the same types of ways, we will keep losing.
My Three Goals for the Next Year
1. To tell the truth about what is happening in this country- and explain what we look like to the rest of the world- no matter how much it scares people and how much it hurts.
2. To get in the best shape I have been in for 30 years by sustaining a healthy eating regimen that reduces pain as well as takes off pounds.
3 To show love for the people I live with and work with, to be there for people who need me, and to never turn my back on people in pain.
Toughest Year of My Life
The year since the election of Donald Trump has been one of the toughest times in my life. Not only did Trump's election represent a rejection of many of the principles I have spent my life fighting for, it left may of the people that surrounded me traumatized, depressed and fearful. Never in my life have I felt more pressure to comfort, reassure and defend people who felt vulnerable, whether they were my students, my colleagues, or people I worked with in the Bronx community, And I had to do so in uncharted territory. How much of an immediate threat to people's personal safety were the racists and white nationalists who saw the election as a license to attack? How much of a long term threat were the policies Trump planned to implement, be it the travel ban, mass deportations, the construction of a wall or the destruction of Obamacare and changes in tax law?
All I knew was that people around me needed me to be strong and steady because I had been through crises before and because I was not afraid to take unpopular stands.
But how could i do that when I was filled with rage? Losing my temper, I realized, was a luxury I could not afford. Not only could it get me in trouble, but it could potentially incite the kind of communal violence I desperately wanted to avoid. As much as I wanted to beat up Nazis and white supremacists, I realized that it was more important to calm people down and prepare them for a long hard battle for causes they believed in than to stir them up for actions that might be emotionally satisfying but could land them in jail
And herein lay the challenge. I not only had to organize meetings and forums and private gatherings which brought people together in ways that made them feel stronger and less alone, i had to remake myself into a person capable of being a positive leader in dark times.
I tried everything that would help me do that. I listened to music, both live and recorded, that gave me courage and inspiration. I reached out to people whose activism inspired me and made a large group of new friends. But I also turned to a time honored method I had of dealing with adversity-- getting in shape. Starting in June, I dramatically changed my eating habits in a way that significantly reduced the amount of pain I dealt with on a daily basis, either from playing tennis, or walking long distances. By the fall, pounds were peeling off and i was feeling better than I had in years
. And the confidence from that experience peeled off into my political life. As the pounds came off, I started to become confident that I had to power to outlast Trump and his supporters and make sure they could not undermine all the things i was doing to strengthen schools and communities and build partnerships between Fordham an the Bronx. All of a sudden, living and being active for the next 20 years no longer seemed improbable. I was fitter and in less pain than I had been in many many years
So, with this year under my belt, I not only see my self as a Resistor, I see myself as a Survivor. I will outwit, out maneuver and outlast this malevolent group of leaders that seeks to turn back the clock.
And will do so knowing that many people in this contry support what I am doing.so long as I keep my activities on a higher moral ground than the people I am fighting.
What I Would Do If I Were President
1. Try to create thousands of community schools modeled on PS 55 in the Bronx with in school health clinics, indoor and outdoor agriculture programs, and great arts and sports programs
2. Produce tweets and press releases every day that say "Climate Change is Real" and invest in solar and wind power on a massive scale
3. Make it a National Mission to rebuild Puerto Rico and every other part of the country devastated by recent storms
4. Make healthy eating a National Priority and use the Presidency as a "Bully Pulpit" to discourage meat consumption and urge people to reduce reliance on fast food.
5. Make immigrants of every race and nationality feel at home in the US, halt deportations of children, and refuse to deport heads of households unless they are found guilty of violent crimes in a court of law
6. Rebuild highways, bridges, subways and rail lines and invest in all forms of transportation which reduce reliance on private automobiles.
I will never be President, but I wanted to put these ideas out there as someone may choose to run with them..
Things I Am Thankful For
1. That I am married to Liz, my hero as well as my partner in life.
2. That I have amazing children, who are married to great people, and amazing grandchildren.
3. That I love my job and have great students and colleagues.
4. That I have friends all over the country and all over the world who represent many races, religions and nationalities.
5. That i work in the Bronx, a place which challenges me and inspires me every day.
6. That i survived situations of great danger in my youth and as a result go through life with very little fear.
7. That I wake up every morning filled with joy and anticipation and remain optimistic no matter how bad things may seem.
8 That no matter how well life treats me, I always feel compassion for those who are suffering, and will make time to support them
Notorious Phd’s 3 Keys to surviving the Trump Presidency
1. Do something every day to support the causes you believe in and defend vulnerable people under duress.
2. Make a concerted effort to take care of your mental and physical health. Eat healthier, get plenty of exercise, and find constructive ways to relieve stress.
3. Love and support the people around you at school, at home and at work. Never let rage and disappointment prevent you from being a good neighbor, a good friend and a good person
Growing Up in Morrisania in the Fifties: Oral History Reflections
Spending time with Charlotte Watson Manus and Paul Himmelstein and listening to them talk about their youth in Morrisania brought back vivid memories of growing up in New York working class neighborhoods where your block and your building were the most important communities you were part of, where fighting was a part of life, but when you could come home by public transportation at 2 AM without worrying about what would happen to you, and when the sounds of music were everywhere, coming out of stores and apartments and portable radios and, performed live, were something you and your friends aspired to do and in a few instances, did well enough to make a record. That was New York in the Fifties for young people growing up working class. whether you were Black, Puerto Rican, Jewish, Irish or Italian. There was poverty, there was crowding, there was violence, there was tracking in schools, and there was racism, which kept people out of neighborhoods where they weren't welcome, but there was also camaraderie, community and hope. And great great music being produced in YOUR neighborhood., Which is why there is so much nostalgia for those days among those of us still alive.
The Genius of Luis Torres: How PS 55 Responded to the Charter Challenge
One of the most brilliant and important achievements of PS 55’s visionary Principal, Luis E Torres, is that through innovative programming and a relentless public relations campaign, he has totally overshadowed the Success Academy Charter School co-located in his building! Normally, Success Academy tries to humiliate and stigmatize the public schools it is co-located by pointing out how much better it’s performance is! Not at PS 55! Here, the action, innovation and excitement is all with the public school, whether it is the scientific and pedagogical innovations of the Green Bronx Machine, the school based agriculture program housed at the School; the full service Medical clinic Principal Torres has created; or the school’s championship step team and basketball team! People from all over the city and the nation come to see what Principal Torres has done; while Success Academy stays in the background.
This is what should happen all over!! Principals and teachers should not just roll over when a charter comes into their building; they should show everyone what public education at its Best can do, which is draw on the resources of entire communities! And what I mean by community resources is not only the cultural capital of the neighborhood the school is located, but the skills and resources of everyone in the city and the country who supports public education. Principal Torres has done this brilliantly
Everyone seeking to defend public education against the relentless charter attack needs to visit his school and draw upon his innovative and inspiring strategies not only in programming, but in public relations!
Posted by Mark Naison at 4:12 AM 16 comments:
Affordable Eating in the Bronx- Notorious Phd's Favorite Spots
Here are some of my favorite affordable eating spots in the Bronx. I have "field tested" all of them and can give assurance for their quality.
1. Johnson BBQ. 790 E 163rd St, Bronx, NY 10456 between Union and Tinton Avenues. Been in the same spot for over 50 years. GREAT ribs, chicken, mac and cheese, candied yams, rice and peas. Take out only- no drinks sold. Closed Monday. Say "the professor sent you" and you will get larger portions
2. Premium Sweets 2104 Starling Ave, Bronx, NY 10462 Excellent South Asian food in the Parkchester section of the Bronx, the site of the Bronx's largest Benjali community. It is actually a neighborhood where you can find a parking space
3. Pio Pio 264 Cypress Ave, Bronx, NY 10454 Great Peruvian food in a classy atmosphere is a once dangerous, now fully redeveloped section of the South Bronx. The roast chicken, seviche, plantanos, and empanadas are amazing. Also a neighborhood where parking is possible.
4. The Crab Shanty 361 City Island Ave, Bronx, NY 10464. The best lunch special on City Island. Has its own parking lot. Excellent garlic bread served with every meal. Excellent broiled fish cooked in many styles and terrific King Crab legs. Friendly atmosphere and a real Bronx crowd
5 Com Tam Ninh Kieu 2641 Jerome Ave, Bronx, NY 10468 Great Vietnamese food at affordable prices on Jerome Avenue near Kingsbridge Road. You know the food is good because most of the people eating there are either Vietnamese Bronxites or doctors from the Veterans Hospital. I love their Pho!
6. Papeye 2300 Grand Concourse, Bronx, NY 10458. A Ghanaian Restaurant at Grand Concourse and 183rd Street with great food for those who like their eating on the spicy side. II love their goat kabobs, but everything is tasty. Just make sure you have lots of water with you if you do take out
7. 3 Way 384 E, 188th St, Bronx, NY 10458. Great Dominican food within walking distance of Fordham. My favorites are the roaster chicken with rice and beans, maduros, tostones, bacala ( codfish) pernil ( roast pork) and mafungo.
8. Venice Restaurant 772 E 149th St, Bronx, NY 10455. A South Bronx fixture for 50 years which is half the price of Arthur Avenue. Huge portions, friendly service. They do an excellent job with shrimp and calamari. And also have some great hot hero sandwiches
9. Randazzo's Seafood.2327 Arthur Ave, Bronx NY 10458 - If you love clams on the half shell, this is the place to get them. Strictly take out, but incredibly delicious!
10. Estrellita Publana III : 2328 Arthur Ave, Bronx, NY 10458. It may seem odd to recommend a Mexican restaurant in Arthur Avenue, but this place is a slam dunk. Excellent food, big portions, reasonable prices. Passed over by most of the tourists, but not by eaters in the know!
11. Bronx Beer Hall 2344 Arthur Ave, Bronx, NY 10458 in the Arthur Avenue Market. Surprising good food, as well as excellent beer because they order from the legendary Mike's Deli. An excellent place to hold a party, a seminar or a discussion group!
12..The G Bar 150th Street just West of the Grand Concourse. Live Jazz, terrific happy hour, big drinks and excellent Italian food. This is where Bronx professionals gather after work. A fun spot which also has a great Sunday Brunch
13 Liebman's Kosher Delicatessan 552 W 235th St, Bronx, NY 10463. The best old fashioned Jewish delicatessen in the Bronx. Hug stuffed sandwiches, matzo ball soup, chopped liver. i grew up on this stuff! Maybe that's why I am still teaching at age 71!
Thoughts on Harvey Weinstein and Male Socialization
Any man who has not been shook up by the Harvey Weinstein revelations or think his actions have nothing to do with you is engaging in a certain amount of self-deception or wishful thinking. Virtually every man in this society- and for all I know in most other societies- has been socialized to judge his masculinity on his ability to attract and exert power over women. To be sure, not every man acts on those pressures by engaging in acts of violence toward or overt harassment of women, but every man felt them growing up, and quite likely feels them now.
As a teenager, my major goals, other than keeping my parents at bay, were gaining the respect of other men and attracting female attention and the latter two were often hopelessly confused.
I fretted endlessly over my appearance, thinking that wearing glasses was a fatal flaw in my attractiveness to the opposite sex, but that only added to my fanaticism in trying to excel as an athlete, thinking that charisma on the ball field, or tennis court, would compensate for my lack of it off it. It also made me work hard on my dance moves, and even my singing, hoping that those skills would gain me the female attention i craved
But what did I want this attention for?. I was hopelessly confused about that. There was sex, such as it was in the 1950's, there was love, which I longed for, but didn't really expect to find. And there was prestige, which was probably the only clear motivation. In short, i was a confused mess, pulled in many different directions, with women as objects of my attention without their subjectivity having much impact. And in that state, it is easy to turn mean.
I didn't. Thank God. And to this day I can't figure out why. Maybe it was that, when it came to sex, i needed love more than power-since I had ample access to power through sports, and even academics. Maybe it was that I was so scared that women would reject me that i couldn't be aggressive. Maybe it was that somewhere along the line, i had morals. Or really craved women to talk to since I couldn't really talk to men
So I kind of stumbled through my teenage and college years with lots of dates, most of which didn't turn out all that well, until two things happened- not exactly at the same time- I fell head over heels in love and was exposed to the Women's Liberation movement. The former taught me that being loved was the best thing ever; the latter gave me a moral and political commitment to women's empowerment that i could use to fight off more destructive elements of my male socialization, launching a lifelong battle between how I was brought up, and what I knew was right.
But early socialization never goes away. Through my entire life, I have never been immune to how other men judged me based on my relations with women. And that can be a pretty destructive impulse.
From a woman's point of view, the situation has to suck. Knowing that even the most respectful, sensitive men-- not that i would put myself in that category- are fighting off pressure to make women extensions of their own quest for power, prestige and recognition.
I have no solutions to offer. Being a decent person requires constant struggle, and a firm moral compass, because what is inside us, emotionally, is anything but firm and trustworthy
Partnership Between the Bronx and the City of Cape Coast in Ghana
For Immediate Release: The Emerging Partnership Between The Bronx and the City of Cape Coast in Ghana
Yesterday, the Bronx African American History Project and my Bronx class were host to a distinguished group of public officials from the Central Region of Ghana including the Regional Administrator, the Mayor of Cape Coast, and the Paramount Chief of the Cape Coast Region. As a result of this meeting, a Partnership Agreement was signed linking the City of Cape Coast to the Bronx for tourism, cultural exchange and educational collaboration. The first fruits of this Agreement will be the arrival of a Ghanaian Dance Troupe at Fordham in February 23, 2018, where they will perform for my Rock and Roll to Hip Hop Class at an event open to the University and the Community, We will also be opening up internship opportunities for Fordham students in the City of Cape Coast and planning for a big Ghanaian Festival at Fordham for Black History Month 2019
It is hard to put in words how thrilled I was to meet such a distinguished group of public officials with such a powerful message. I want to thank Kojo Ampah Sahara for setting up the visit, and my graduate assistant Lisa Bettyfor working on the details of their arrival at Fordham. I also want to thank the students in my Bronx class and my colleague Dr Jane Edward for being such great hosts, my students Siobhan Loughran and Julia D'Ambrosio for taking the group on a tour of the Fordham campus, and principal Jamaal Bowman of CASA Middle School for sending a representative to sign the Partnership Agreement
So many great things can come out of this emerging relationship between the Bronx and one of African's great cities Cape Coast is a city on the move, with exciting development projects and arts festivals, as well as some of the most important historic sites in West Africa.
How I Have Dealt With An Increasingly Common Condition- Rage At Trump! ( R.A.T.)
Anger is one of those things that can motivate you to heights of accomplishment. It can also destroy you and poison your personal relationships.
Ever since Donald Trump was elected, I have been in a perpetual state of rage, not only at Mr Trump himself, who gets more outrageous every day, but at those who supported him, and those who look the other way in the face of the racially divisive rhetoric that is his trademark
Given how explosive my emotions are, I made a few decisions: First, I would make sure that this anger never spilled over into my teaching, and my relations with students and Second, I would not let it spill over into my face to face relationships. I am very proud that I have never, since the election, lost my temper with a Trump supporter in face to face conversations, of which I have had many.
But at the same time, I realized that I couldn't suppress the level of anger I had without putting myself under intolerable levels of stress so I decided to direct the anger in two ways
First, by posting my opinions about the Trump Presidency on social media on a daily basis, and welcoming interviews about the subject on broadcast or print media. I have used whatever forum available to me to say what I think, using scholarship and experience to support my arguments, but letting the rage come through
Secondly, I have used the anger to motivate me to launch a diet and conditioning program more radical than any I have attempted in the last 40 years, and to actually succeed in sticking to it!
All in all, I feel very positive about how I have handled the challenge of Trump Rage. I have lost some friends on social media and gotten a lot of hate mail, but have not lost a single friend that I have made through face to face encounters.
Plus I am leaner and in better shape than I have been in many years. And the best is yet to come!
Why I Will NEVER Stop Challenging the Trump Presidency
Donald Trump's drive to the Presidency began with a demagogic appropriation of the most paranoid symbol of White Resentment of Barack Obama- the Birther Movement- and marched to success, first in the Republican primaries and then in the general election by stoking fears of conservative whites that they were losing "their" country. As a result, whenever Donald Trump feels embattled or under attack, he tries to rekindle the racialized resentments of the whites who supported him by flamboyantly attacking Black or Latino public figures or highlighting policies which target Latino or Muslim immigrants. The damage this is doing to our social fabric is lasting and profound. The targets of Trump's demagoguery are taking it to heart and looking at their white neighbors, co workers and fellow students with suspicion, disappointment and in some instances rage. In this political tinderbox, it is critically important that some whites take a stand against Trump's demagoguery so fiercely that they become targets of his followers wrath. That is the role that I will be playing. I will not let my Black Latinx or Muslim family members, friends, colleagues, students and community partners stand alone. That is what Friendship and Solidarity means.
Trump's Culture War on Black America
Trump’s Culture War on Black AmericaIn the last month, The Trump White House has launched a culture war against Black NFL players, a Black ESPN commentator and now a Black Congressperson who have dared to speak out on issues of the day in ways it finds offensive. This is hardly coincidental. It’s Trump’s version of base building and political hardball. It also puts Mr Trump in the company of some of the worst demagogues in US History and some of the worst dictators the world has seen. Attacking members of the most stigmatized group in a society has always been an invitation to violence, be it by state action or the hands of private citizens. People who have signed off on this bear a fearful level of responsibility for the consequences. The whole world is watching. And historians of the future-some of whom are my students- are taking notes.
An Inspiring Bronx Immigration Story
Just had an amazing experience in my office. The delivery man who brought me my lunch from the Webster Cafe looked around my office and said " Man, you have a lot of books." He then want on to say " I only had four years of education in my country, but I love to read." I looked at him with admiration, gave him a big tip and then said "Here, I have a present for you." And I gave him a copy of a great book I helped write called "The Rat That Got Away: A Bronx Memoir."
Oh yes, one other thing he said. "Some people who graduate from college, they have trouble finding jobs. And some people who don't have an education can find a way to make money, maybe create their own business."
I wished him luck with a big smile on my face. This is why I love the Bronx!
And why I abhor those who think deporting undocumented immigrants will "Make America Great"
The Face of America to the World
When Donald Trump's face is contorted by hate and rage- which is often- that is the official face of the United States of America to the world. It is also, whether people want to admit it or not, the face of everyone who elected him and still supports him. No President in our recent history, no matter what they did with their power, has ever allowed themselves to look like that in public- not Jimmy Carter, not Ronald Reagan, not Bill Clinton, not either George Bush, not Barack Obama. In our last Presidential election, voters selected someone whose facial expressions resemble Hitler and Mussolini, or a Southern demagogue from the Jim Crow era, more than any American President. And that face will be forever be preserved in our history books as symbols of a time when America lost its bearings and embraced some of the worst impulses in its history.
A Toast to the Bridge Builders Among Us
It's been a brutal week, a time when many people have lost faith in the decency of the nation they live in, or at least those leading it. It has led to disillusionment, despair and rage among many who have spent their lives working for justice.
In this difficult and challenging time, I want to raise a glass- of Jack Daniels to be specific- to everyone who has spent this week crossing barriers, building bridges, disregarding gates and creating ties of community with people who differ from them in race, religion, nationality or economic status. In particular, I want to toast my students at Fordham, who were incredible hosts to two student groups from the Bronx, one from PS 140, one from CASA Middle School, as well as the teachers and principals who arranged for their visit. You showed Fordham, the Bronx and the nation what real unity is about and set an example that all of us need to follow.
Peace!!
To A Better Future!!!
Posted by Mark Naison at 10:07 PM 1 comment:
What Many Trump Supporters Are Thnking and Not Always Saying
What Many Trump Supporters Are Thinking And Not Always Saying
"Get real liberals! As long as you keep attacking Columbus Day and tearing down Confederate statues; desecrating the flag and the anthem; attacking our police and ruining The NFL, and denouncing everyone who disagrees with you as “racists,” we are going to keep electing assholes tough enough to keep you in your place- which is down, out and on the defensive. This is war and Trump is our warrior. If he wasn’t cruel ruthless and crazy, we wouldn’t have elected him. And yes, liberals, we are making war on you!"
This is so realistic that some of you are worried that I am a secret Trump supporter, right? Don’t worry, this is me summarizing the arguments in the hate mail I get as well as what I overhear in random conversations
When Trump goes there will be others to take his place. Trump MARKETED white rage, he didn’t invent it.
This war for the soul of our country -and yes, it is war- won’t be ending any time soon
The President and Race
The President is someone born to a wealthy family, privileged even by white standards, the recipient of the kind of “ affirmative action for the rich” at top colleges that dwarfs admissions advantages given to Blacks or Latinos. It is utterly astonishing to watch him try to intimidate Black players in the NFL who not only have both the lived experience and historic memory of multiple forms of discrimination, but who for the most part grew up in far harsher circumstances than the President did. That he is doing this for temporary political gain makes it all the more reprehensible. His actions will be seared into the memory of this generation of African Americans and of all people who care about Racial Justice. Mr Trump will not be treated kindly by historians of the future; his racially provocative actions assure that result. We are living through a shameful period in US History.
The way I see it, Donald Trump is boxing a lot of good people into a corner where they find themselves defending things in their heart of hearts they know is wrong. It is very sad to see this. Because it not only divides friends and family members, it leads the nation down a moral precipice where unacceptable behavior becomes normalized.
I have tried to convince people that they had to stop this juggernaut of racialized nationalism before it swallowed them up and took them to places they really didn't want to go, but few listened
I just don't have time for those conversations any more. I am just going to say what I have to say and do what I have to do and let others figure things out for themselves.
Children Are Listening: Boy Culture in the Era of a Boy President by CarolynJohnson Ed.D.
This analysis is more anecdotal than scientific, but as an educator and mother of teens, I am concerned about the deteriorating boy culture I see in the New York/New Jersey suburbs. The Don Draper “Mad Men” vision of manhood my teen students, daughters and neighbors have shared with me is no longer a passing phase, but has taken root and is flourishing in our current climate. It is no longer entertaining.
In the two-year election campaign cycle, and in the wake of the election, many middle and high school aged girls who dared sport Hillary pins or SWAG, or voice divergent opinions in class or online, were publicly ridiculed by loud individuals or mobs of pro-Trump boys.
This taunting and teasing has been relentless and exhausting: it sucks the life, enthusiasm and creativity from hearers. I know a self-possessed young woman who gave up a beloved extra-curricular activity in her last year of high school because of the harassing taunts of a few boys about her support of Hillary and feminist issues. Even at her progressive private high school, the Sanders and Trump supporters bullied Hillary supporters loudly, and used misogynist, foul language, e.g. “choke on a (male body part).” It is pervasive: in the classroom, lunchroom, gym, hallways, buses, social media, forced small workgroups, football games, and Main Street, boys can be seen chanting with an in-your-face loudness that diminishes anyone who disagrees and threatens their voices at a critical developmental age. These young boys march in the town parades in their “Make America Great Again” hats and sweatshirts, and are seen stealing dozens of opposing lawn signs from neighbors after school. They are emboldened daily by their role model world leader. He bullies immigrants, people of color, and women; they follow like toddlers in parallel play.
On November 9, boys chanted at Hispanic students in their school during lunch, "Trump won. You are getting deported, you are going back to Mexico." These matters are taken seriously in many well-run high schools filled with mostly well-meaning people. Yet, how do we learn to be respectful humans, citizens, friends, and partners?
This boy culture appears to be fostering a greater divide between the sexes ... a phenomenon of less dating, romance, intimacy, and love in a country where campus rape is normalized, as is racism and sexism, and other biases. I know of a brown-skinned boy who reads Breitbart, shaved his black hair, and tries to blend in with the white skinned boys at school. Otherwise he'd likely be scapegoated, or alone, which is death to a high schooler. A girl of Palestinian descent was called a terrorist as she rode the bus to school. To counter this daily onslaught of toxicity, a group of girls asked a teacher to start a club to support each other. They're looking to create a safe space for themselves and their voices.
Politics is dividing people by gender because many girls don’t feel comfortable being with boys who are so pro-Trump and its associated “grab her by the pussy” behavior. Many boys don't seem to know how to coexist with empowered women, so they end up diminishing girls to enhance themselves and hide their own insecurities. How do feminist and other boys navigate this terrain?
I asked a few large closed Facebook groups I belong to if they noticed this trend. A teacher responded:
“Absolutely. Last year, I heard an 8th-grade boy shout at an 8th-grade girl, ‘Feminism is a cancer.’ I'd never heard any boy in my school say anything like that before, and I've been there 13 years now. I was also told by a group of girls that when they made and wore shirts that read, ‘Girl Power,’ they were mocked by some boys and called (among other things) 'feminazis.' This is an affluent, left-leaning town. Please don't use my name.”
Other women who had shared similar stories declined to comment publicly. If adult women are forced into hiding in secret Facebook groups, imagine how hard it is to speak up if you are a teen.
The media is covering this President 24/7 because he is Commander in Chief yet his behavior befits more the Spoiled Boy in Chief. The ubiquitous coverage of his every tweet and rant has made him a role model for our youth whether we like it or not. Before we disregard his behavior as the fleeting attention-grabbing antics of an entertainer as president, perhaps we should pay mind to the words of Stephen Sondheim from “Into the Woods:”
“How do you say to your child in the night?
Nothing's all black, but then nothing's all white
How do you say it will all be all right?
When you know that it might not be true? What do you do?
Careful the things you say
Careful the things you do
Children will see and learn
Children may not obey, but children will listen
Children will look to you for which way to turn
To learn what to be
Careful before you say, "Listen to me"
Careful the wish you make
Wishes are children
Careful the path they take
Wishes come true, not free
Careful the spell you cast
Not just on children
Sometimes the spell may last
Past what you can see
And turn against you” Into the Woods soundtrack
Carolyn Johnson Ed.D. is a graduate of Fordham University and the Founder of Not So Common Application https://notsocommonapplication.org/
A Message to Young People on Confronting Unexpecte...
Street Renaming for the Chantels- Pioneering Bronx...
Young People and the US Political Crisis- A Commen...
Notorious Phd’s 3 Keys to surviving the Trump Pres...
Growing Up in Morrisania in the Fifties: Oral Hist...
The Genius of Luis Torres: How PS 55 Responded to ...
Affordable Eating in the Bronx- Notorious Phd's Fa...
Thoughts on Harvey Weinstein and Male Socializatio...
Partnership Between the Bronx and the City of Cape...
How I Have Dealt With An Increasingly Common Condi...
Why I Will NEVER Stop Challenging the Trump Presid...
What Many Trump Supporters Are Thnking and Not Alw...
Children Are Listening: Boy Culture in the Era of ...
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1833
|
__label__wiki
| 0.619275
| 0.619275
|
Tag: aviator
AF Week in Photos
This week's photos feature Airmen from around the globe involved in activities supporting expeditionary operations and defending America. This weekly feature showcases the men and women of the Air Force.
New direction for female-specific flight equipment
The Air Force is working to redesign the gear used by female pilots across the force after facing challenges with current flight equipment.
Air Force sharpens competitive edge with roadmap to reform
The Air Force released its first business operations plan, March 4, establishing a roadmap for reform and improvement in its practices and processes.
Application window opens for Air Force undergraduate flying training
Application packages for the next Undergraduate Flying Training selection board are due to the Rated Officer Assignments branch of the Air Force Personnel Center by Nov. 17, 2017. The board, set for Jan. 22-25, 2018, will consider active-duty officer applicants to attend training as early as spring 2018. Those interested in becoming a pilot, combat
C-130 pilot receives 60th Koren Kolligian Jr. Trophy
Air Force Vice Chief of Staff Gen. Stephen Wilson presented the 2016 Koren Kolligian Jr. Trophy to Maj. John Hourigan, a 123rd Operations Support Squadron C-130 Hercules pilot, at the Pentagon, May 17, 2017, for not only saving the lives of five crewmembers, but also identifying a worldwide C-130 propeller issue.
AFSVA offers aviation, space camps for teens
Thanks to the Air Force Services Activity, teens are getting the opportunity to explore careers as aviators or astronauts through 2017 summer camps.
Hazel Ying Lee: Showcased Asian-American involvement in war effort
Hazel Ying Lee, the first Chinese-American woman aviator, was also the first Chinese-American woman to fly for the United States military.
Aviator helps pilots fly in Big Sky Country
Tech. Sgt. Michelle Bresson, a 40th Helicopter Squadron special missions aviator, has been assisting helicopter pilots at Malmstrom Air Force Base for nearly five years. Her responsibilities typically include keeping the pilots advised of anything that is going on with the aircraft. If there are any malfunctions with the aircraft, special missions aviators are the system experts. They are the ones that are going to be giving pilots advice on what could possibly be going wrong.
Born to wave the flag
Blaine Yelton was born Aug. 12, 1915, when World War I was in its second bloody year.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1836
|
__label__wiki
| 0.715847
| 0.715847
|
Independent crop input dealers form support group
Posted Sep. 13th, 2010 by Игорь Лещенко
Eleven independent crop supply dealerships across the Prairies are pooling their resources for work such as product research and employee development.
Launched itself publicly last week with a promotional campaign, the group, dubbed the Grow Community of Independents, said it “formed out of a need for the independent retailers to be strengthened as the most important support structure for high-yielding crop production.”
The group also cited its members’ “deep dedication to individual farm businesses and rural communities.”
“Our customers tell us quite regularly that they wouldn’t stay farming if it wasn’t for independents; they’re just not interested in dealing with some huge corporate entity that doesn’t even understand them, let alone know who they are,” said Kevin Blair, CEO of Blair’s Fertilizer at Lanigan, Sask., one of seven founding companies in the Grow Community, in a release.
The group said it plans to create a “standard of service” for its members and is “committed to increasing overall crop production field by field, grower by grower across Western Canada.”
To that end, the Grow Community said it has set up Grow Total Acre, a product development initiative “to ensure the products we recommend suit the conditions and situations in our specific trading areas.”
The group also expects to operate “What’s Possible” demonstration sites where it will stage annual events for producers and industry “to be able to see the products and what we add to them, in action.”
As well, it has set up a professional development program, Grow Academy, with which it plans to “provide the highest level of agronomic education” for member dealers’ employees.
Managing the group’s joint operations is Greg McDonald, who has been building the partnership’s framework since February, including its product supplier strategy, brand and positioning, marketing and dealership staff development.
McDonald last week officially announced the hiring of Layne Erickson as the group’s director of business agronomy, tasked with developing the Grow Academy and Grow Total Acre programs since starting work in July. Both managers are based in Saskatoon.
The group’s seven founders alone operate in 62 locations across the Prairies, including:
Blair’s Fertilizer, operating at Lanigan and in four other eastern Saskatchewan communities;
Andrukow Group Solutions of Camrose, Alta., operating at eight communities in the province’s northeast and in partnership with other independents including Providence Grain, Agro Guys, Edberg Crop Management, Webb’s, Flatlander, VIP and Sturgeon Valley Fertilizer;
Double Diamond Farm Supply of Elgin, Man., with five sites in western Manitoba;
G-Mac’s Ag Team of Kindersley, Sask., with five sites in west-central Saskatchewan;
North Star Fertilizers of Prairie River, Sask., with four sites in the province’s northeast;
Shur-Gro Farm Services/Munro Farm Supplies of Brandon, Man., with 11 branches across the province from Waskada to Elie; and
Wendland Ag Services of Waldheim, Sask., operating in six communities from Saskatoon north.
The group on Sept. 8 also announced four additional partners in the Grow Community, including:
Cavalier Agrow of Meadow Lake, Sask., with four sites in the province’s northwest;
Weyburn Inland Terminal, a farmer-owned terminal and ag retail operation operating in three Saskatchewan communities;
G J Chemical Co., based at Arnaud, Man., with a second site at Altona, Man.; and
Parkland Fertilizers of Wetaskawin, Alta.
“We are delighted that all four of the dealers we approached have agreed to sign on,” McDonald said in a release.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1839
|
__label__wiki
| 0.907943
| 0.907943
|
Home » Articles » Book Reviews
Tony Allen: An Autobiography Of The Master Drummer Of Afrobeat
By CHRIS BECKER
Michael Veal
First of all, drummers are going to love this book. With so few autobiographies of drummers in print, the publication of Tony Allen: An Autobiography of the Master Drummer of Afrobeat is a cause for celebration. Co-author Michael Veal, author of Fela: The Life and Times of a Musical Icon and an accomplished musician himself, brings to life the rhythm and emotional timbre of Tony Allen's speaking voice and the complex story of this singular, Lagos-born-now-expatriate musician in a first-person narrative that takes the reader through a particularly transformative time in West Africa's post-colonial history. Most importantly, the book is a hell of a lot of fun to read, although Allen's first-hand accounts of his struggles with shamanistic bandleader and Nigeria's adopted "black president" Fela Anikulapo-Kuti will piss off any musician who has had to fight to get paid for playing a gig. And Allen's chillingly matter-of-fact recollection of the aftermath of the 1977 military raid on Fela's "Kalakuta Republic" compound, a raid that involved beatings, rape, mutilation, and nearly burning the compound to the ground, is truly terrifying.
Swinging Like Hell!
Afrobeat, a musical genre that Veal describes as Nigeria's "sonic signature," was born out of Allen's mastery of what he describes as "a fusion of beats and patterns," including highlife, rumba, mambo, waltz-time, traditional music from Nigeria and Ghana, American R&B and funk and, not surprisingly, jazz. On Allen's first U.S. tour with Fela's band Koola Lobitos, a band that would be renamed Africa 70 upon its return to Nigeria, Allen heard and met drummer Frank Butler, who played drums with such musicians as Duke Ellington, Miles Davis, and John Coltrane. Allen cites the drumming techniques he learned directly from Butler as "the final piece of the puzzle that just made everything catch on fire."
And catch on fire it did. In his vivid description of Allen's drumming on the track "Fefe Naa Efe" from Fela and Africa 70's 1973 album Gentlemen, Veal writes: "Like the great jazz drummers, (Allen) keeps a steady conversation with the other instruments, particularly the soloists...Like a great boxer, he knows when to jab with his bass drum in order to punctuate a soloist's line, when to momentarily scatter and reconsolidate the flow with a hi-hat flourish, when to stoke the tension by laying deeply into the groove, and when to break and restart that tension by interjecting a crackling snare accent on the downbeat."
The book not only reveals Allen's methodical, years-long development of a new way to play the drum kit and propel Fela's compositional and political vision, it also shows Allen never stopped developing his technique post-Fela and continues to bring "the vitality of Yoruba artistic creativity" into new and innovative creative contexts. Allen negotiated the "world beat" market of the 1980s and 90s and experimented, like many African musicians recorded during those years, with heavily electronic and dub production techniques. In recent years, Allen has recorded and performed with American, French, and British musicians from genres that may seem light years away from his highlife roots. He saves some of his highest praise in the book for Damon Albarn, formerly the lead singer and bandleader of the wildly popular British band Blur and who has collaborated with Allen on several projects. "The way Damon came into my life," says Allen, "it was kind of like it had been written...not only did this guy make a big difference in my career, but we are also very good friends."
After many years of being underpaid and under appreciated for his innovations, Allen is currently enjoying a creative renaissance. One of the most moving passages in the book comes toward the end when Allen, now in his 70s, describes how busy he is "touring all over" Europe and what drives his creative work ethic. "I still want to play something impossible," Allen writes, "something that I never played before."
Tony Allen Book Reviews Chris Becker United States New York New York City Tony Allen Fela Anikulapo-Kuti Frank Butler duke ellington Miles Davis John Coltrane
About Tony Allen
Tony Allen, Jeff Mills and Jean Philippe Dary at Cologne Philharmonie
Udin&Jazz 2018
The Source by Mark Sullivan
A Tribute to Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers by Mark Sullivan
Secret Agent by AAJ Italy Staff
African Jazz
Tony Allen: Secret Agent
Lagos No Shaking by Chris May
I Remember Front Street by Paul Lewis
Black Voices by Derrick A. Smith
A Tribute to Art...
Curly Music Productions
Losun / One Tree / Ole
Lagos No Shaking
Honest Jons Records
Moyege
Nothing's Bad Luck: The Lives of Warren Zevon
By Doug Collette
Up Jumped the Devil: The Real Life of Robert Johnson by Bruce Conforth & Gayle Dean Wardlow
By C. Michael Bailey
6 Steps To Big Band Writing
Can't Give It Away On Seventh Avenue: The Rolling Stones And New York City
The Routledge Companion To Jazz Studies
By Ian Patterson
Begin the Begin: R.E.M.'s Early Years
Sounds: Inside Stories of Jazz Studio Sessions By Famed Recording Engineer Max Bolleman
By C. Andrew Hovan
Jazz In New York City
Jakob Sørensen
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1840
|
__label__wiki
| 0.69392
| 0.69392
|
Seaworld is Going to Stop Breeding Orcas
Seaworld Entertainment, the chain of famous marine mammal parks, has announced that they will stop their Orca breeding program immediately. The shows with Orcas will be phased out gradually as there will be no new Killer Whales as replacements. The organization is compelled to take this decision due to the ever increasing pressure from the environment protection groups.
There are three marine parks named “Seaworld” under the company of the same name. These parks are in Orange County, Florida; San Diego, California; San Antonio, Texas of United States. There are Beluga Whales, Dolphins, Sea Lions but the main attraction of these parks is the Orcas or Killer Whales.
Seaworld is famous for its “Shamu” shows. Shamu was the name of the first orca that was bought into the Seaworld San Diego from Seattle Marine Aquarium. The Killer Whale shows with its trainer become very popular in USA from the 1960s. After that, many orcas are bought and trained for such shows. All these shows are called “Shamu shows” to use the brand name.
An accident in 2010 and a film made after that brought much pressure upon Seaworld to stop its orca shows and release these whales immediately. After the completion of a successful show, Dawn Brancheau, an experienced female orca trainer was killed by an orca named Tilikum. That incident brought bad publicity upon Seaworld.
A film named Blackfish in 2012 directed by Gabriela Cowperthwaite documented the life story of that killer whale Tilikum. It depicts the pathetic conditions of these sea mammals at captivity. The film gave much exposure to the wildlife activists and environmental protection groups demand to put an end of Shamu shows and release all that orcas.
According to Joel Manby, CEO of Seaworld, the killer whale shows will be gradually phased out from their marine parks. There is also a timeline to end these shows: San Diego in 2017, the San Antonio and Orlando parks by 2019. But still the orcas will live there for many years, as these are now incompatible with the natural environments of the oceans. They will not survive long out there.
For an image makeover, the company has planned to join hand with one of its most vehement critic organization “Humane Society of the United States”. There partnership will work to rescue distressed animals and combat shark-finning and commercial whale hunting.
There is a debate among people about the impact of the decision of Seaworld in their future business prospects. The orca shows have made the company famous and gave it revenue for decades. There is a concern that ending these shows will have negative financial impact.
But according to some the overall result will be positive. The awareness about animal life and welfare is growing day by day among the people. The negative publicity regarding its treatment of captive orcas is making Seaworld’s image darker day by day. There was ever increasing protests and law suits which will end the “Shamu” shows eventually with much more defame and loss. So, it is actually a smart move which will save the company in the future.
Number of Orcas Living in Seaworld Facilities
Seaworld San Diego (California): 11
Seaworld San Antonio (Texas): 5
Seaworld Orlando (Florida): 7
Seaworld at a Glance
Moto: “The Voyage Begins...”
Number of Theme Parks: 3 (California, Texas and Florida)
Average Visitors per annum: 11 million
Quick Facts about Orcas
Popular Names: Killer Whale, Orca, Blackfish, Grampus
Scientific Name: Ornicus Orca
Habitation: all five oceans of the world
Food: Fishes, Seals and Dolphins
Size: Up to 9 m (30ft) [Males] and females 8 m (26 ft)
Weight: about 6 tonnes
Speed: 30 knots (56 km/h)
If you like to read more stories from us then why not follow us in social media?
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1841
|
__label__wiki
| 0.712724
| 0.712724
|
Please Sign In | Register
Multimedia Image Text
Atharraich gu Gàidhlig
Content Highlights
Collections & Contributors
How To Learn Gaelic
Rephotography
Soldier's service and pay book
Z_PC_WGORDON3_004_006
DATE OF IMAGE
W Gordon
pay book
This image shows pages 4 and 4a of a soldier's service and pay book. Army book 64, the service and pay book, was issued to every soldier who enlisted with the British Army. The book contained 20 pages and recorded details such as the soldier's army number, employment history, medical history, training records, personal identification, next of kin information and last will and testament forms. The book was legally required to be kept with the soldier at all times and was to be shown for identification purposes during all Pay Parades.
This book belonged to John Cameron Gordon of the Royal Signals and pages 4 and 4a show his training record. The first entry dated records a swimming test, taken on the 2nd September 1936.
You can easily find other resources by selecting any combination of the following attributes:
Please select the attributes you wish to search for. Fields are empty where there is no data.
Old County/Parish
Winnie Gordon (documents)
Privacy Policy | Partners | Terms of Use | About Us | Contact Us
For guidance on the use of images and other content, please see the Terms and Conditions page.
High Life Highland is a company limited by guarantee registered in Scotland No. SC407011 and is a registered Scottish charity No. SC042593
service book; pay book; British Army
This image shows pages 4 and 4a of a soldier's service and pay book. Army book 64, the service and pay book, was issued to every soldier who enlisted with the British Army. The book contained 20 pages and recorded details such as the soldier's army number, employment history, medical history, training records, personal identification, next of kin information and last will and testament forms. The book was legally required to be kept with the soldier at all times and was to be shown for identification purposes during all Pay Parades.<br /> <br /> This book belonged to John Cameron Gordon of the Royal Signals and pages 4 and 4a show his training record. The first entry dated records a swimming test, taken on the 2nd September 1936.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1845
|
__label__wiki
| 0.805408
| 0.805408
|
This page uses cookies for its best performance. Do you allow this page to install cookies on your computer?
Allow cookie usage on this page More info
[Home] [Site map] [ RSS] [ Slovenian]
About AKOS Legislation Contact us
800 MHz+
1800 MHz and 2100 MHz
Analog Radio
Digital Radio Networks
Digital TV Networks
Amateur Radio Call Signs
Radios on vessels and aircrafts
Fixed and satellite links
Radio Equipment (RED)
Radio Frequency Spectrum Supervision
Signpost > AKOS > Radio > 4G > 800 MHz+
This section contains all the documents regarding the award of frequencies for public mobile services in the 800 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 2100 MHz and 2600 MHz frequency bands.
Agency for communication networks and services of the Republic of Slovenia successfully concluded first spectrum auction in Slovenia in which frequencies in the 800 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 2100 MHz and 2600 MHz bands were offered. All frequency bands are available for providing mobile services and are technologically neutral.
News published under the 800 MHz+ section are archived in the following categories:
Public tender
Verifying the fulfilment of coverage obligations in accordance with the public tender
Documents and comments
FWBA
The results of the first spectrum auction in Slovenia
The following mobile operators are the winners:
Simobil d.d.
Telekom Slovenije d.d.
Tušmobil d.o.o.
The figures below present the results in each frequency band:
Tušmobil d.o.o
Si.mobil d.d.
Si.mobil d.d
Simobil d.d. won spectrum with special coverage obligation.
BC01
1,710-1,715MHz
Nedodeljen
2100 MHz FDD
Unallocated
2100 MHz TDD
2615-2620 MHz N/A
Contribution to goals of Digital Agenda for Europe and to Strategic Guidelines of the competent Ministry
Simobil d.d. who won spectrum with special coverage obligation shall have to:
provide mobile broadband services at a bitrate of at least 10 Mbps downlink (outdoor) to at least 95% of the population of the Republic of Slovenia within 3 years of the date on which, it shall receive radio frequencies in the this frequency band for use (it can fulfil this obligation by using any of the frequency bands assigned),
provide coverage from the list of 300 locations – settlements or connected groups of settlements - to 75 locations after the first year, another 75 after the second year (150 total), and another 75 after the third year (225 total), all selected at the operator’s discretion, and it shall have to provide it to at least 75% population coverage in each of the selected settlements or groups of settlements (selected locations),
to provide the service substituting for fixed wireless broadband access (FWBA) by installing appropriate internal or external customer-premises equipment (CPE) with a suitable antenna, providing a transfer speed for a user experience of at least 10 Mbps downlink and with a minimum data transfer rate of at least 2 Mbps, and terminally assured uplink speeds of at least 1 Mbps if user will require (only for those addresses of permanent residences and businesses, as well as institutions registered with the Agency of the Republic of Slovenia for Public Legal Records and Related Services (AJPES), which do not have the option of receiving a suitable alternative broadband connection with a bitrate of at least 10 Mbps, and which are within the area of coverage for individual settled locations, even if they are not a part of a settlement or a contiguous group of settlements from the list of locations).
The image below shows the areas where the settlements from the list of locations are located:
You can find more details regarding preparation and conduction of public tender with public auction on the 4G website.
Top of the page Print
Agency for communication networks and services of the Republic of Slovenia
Stegne 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
WED - 13:00 - 14:00
Office hours by phone:
© 2014 AKOS. All rights reserved.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1851
|
__label__wiki
| 0.581862
| 0.581862
|
Privatizing Libraries
Jane JerrardNancy BoltKaren Strege
8 1⁄2"
This timely special report from ALA Editions provides a succinct but comprehensive overview of the "privatization" of public libraries. It provides a history of the trend of local and state governments privatizing public services and assets, and then examines the history of public library privatization right up to the California legislation introduced earlier this year to restrict cities in the state from privatizing library services.
The book also examines what happens when a private, for-profit organization takes over essential management tasks and decisions of a public library, including the effects this can have on services, patron satisfaction and staff, as well as legal issues. It provides in-depth recommendations for librarians who want to retain control of their own institutions. Complete with case studies, statistics, and a valuable checklist of to-dos for libraries that are facing partial or complete privatization.
Patricia A. Tumulty, Chair, ALA Committee on Library Advocacy and ALA Task Force on Privatization
Marci Merola, Director, ALA Office for Library Advocacy
1 Privatization of Public Libraries: An Overview
2 How Privatization Works: RFPs, Contracts, and Data Analysis
3 A Closer Look at Privatization: Five Case Studies
4 Key Issues for Libraries Facing Privatization
Appendix: ALA Checklists
Jane Jerrard
Jane Jerrard is an independent author and editor based in Chicago. She has written books for consumers, children, and librarians, including the ALA Special Report Crisis in Employment: A Librarian's Guide to Helping Job Seekers.
Nancy Bolt
Nancy Bolt was State Librarian in Colorado for eighteen years, leaving in 2005 to form her own library consulting company, Nancy Bolt & Associates. Since 2006 she has been Project Co-Director for the ALA's Library Support Staff Certification Program. This book is her second project involving privatization of public libraries. She assisted in the development of Keeping Public Libraries Public: A Checklist for Communities Considering Privatization of Public Libraries. Bolt has a Master of Library Science from the University of Missouri and is certified as an advanced strategic planner from the Association of Strategic Planning.
Karen Strege
Karen Strege is a co-director of ALA's Library Support Staff Certification Program and a private library consultant, specializing in evaluation. This is her second project on the privatization of public libraries; she assisted in the development of the Checklist on Privatization for Public Libraries. Strege was the State Librarian in Montana for nine years. She has a Master of Library Science from the University of Washington and a PhD from Gonzaga University in Spokane.
Privatizing Libraries--eEditions e-book
Privatizing Libraries--print/e-book Bundle
Crisis in Employment: A Librarian's Guide to Helping Job Seekers
Denise Davis
Office for Research and Statistics (ORS)
Crisis in Employment: A Librarian's Guide to Helping Job Seekers—print/e-book Bundle
The Successful Library Trustee Handbook, Second Edition
Mary Y. Moore
Winning Library Grants: A Game Plan
Herbert B. Landau
A Strong Future for Public Library Use and Employment
Jose-Marie Griffiths
Donald W. King
Cost Control for Nonprofits in Crisis
G. Stevenson Smith
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1852
|
__label__wiki
| 0.59196
| 0.59196
|
Loses on sunday will probably turn around choose
12, for eighth time of season, Davis led the Jets in tackles with 14.The Blue Jackets Larry Csonka Authentic Jersey have heavily scouted both teams this season and vice versa.�?Has eight siblings.Most people would say that the chances are slim.The Isles are headed in the right direction in the post-Tavares era, but the Maple Leafs have the Cup edge right now.
Gregory said in an email.A lot http://www.washingtonredskinslockerroom.com/matt-ioannidis-jersey-wholesale of people look at it differently, but I just go with my stomach.Yes, the Steelers signed Donte Moncrief and there are expectations that James Washington takes a big step forward, but come on.Rush chances and lateral plays: Jones up 54 of his past 100 goals on rush chances, well above the 39 percent average over the past three seasons.To search for players who were born on a certain date, for example all players born on December 25, choose the month, day and year with the drop down boxes and then choose the ‘Full Date Search’ option.
It was just the right fit.The national profile of four football program has improved immediately and dramatically today, Long said, but more importantly, we have a leader that loves the game of football, believes in what the game does to build character in young men and prepares men for what happens after football.Further off-message: Volvo’s Pilot Assist semi-autonomous safety is left off the standard features list.The Indians said Clevinger has a teres major muscle strain in his right upper back.
�?I think that is a sign of commitment from us as an organization to the players, and it’s also a way of keeping guys that have earned that right to stay in that locker room and keep http://www.miamidolphinsauthorizedshops.com/larry-csonka-jersey-elite working.�?That’s sad and unfair to a lot of the innocent people that want to make the city better.He was a fitting hero, and his nine points in 19 playoff games signalled that his is not finished.
But the modern-day Coyotes have highlighted their location with complete disregard to their team’s nickname; you know, the thing people actually care about.Still, until there is reason not to, we should give coach Chris Petersen the benefit of the doubt.He’s the leading active playmaker in the League and eighth in history with 1 assists.I am doing this because I feel that from a development standpoint, this is the right move for me at this time in order to play against the highest level of competition possible.Jamar Akoh added 11 points and nine rebounds, and Sayeed Pridgett chipped in 10 points.
If you beat me in a game, I always had to run it back.Speaking of the Patriots’ backs, the trio of Burkhead, James White and Sony Michel played eight games together from Week 13 on last season .The recession slowed the growth of condo and home sales in Tampa.He did not register a strikeout.Kovalchuk: It was great.You’ve got to play the full 60 minutes against this guy Matt Ioannidis Jersey and this team.
Den.: Contributed on special teams…Fabiani produced and communicated the legal, legislative, and political responses to inquiries from the media, Capitol Hill and investigative agencies.Jennings hauled in three passes for the second consecutive game, doubling his receiving output from the first 15 contests of the season.
Posted in Larry Csonka Jersey
Tagged: Larry Csonka Authentic Jersey, Matt Ioannidis Jersey.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1853
|
__label__cc
| 0.5071
| 0.4929
|
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander art
The man Nimbawah
All Details About Place Exhibition history Bibliography Other works
One of the creators, a man called Nimbawah, accompanied by his two dogs, gungarik, travelled to a large swamp and waterhole, Gudjamandi, near which they camped for the night. Next morning they set out again, going northward until early evening, when they reached a place in the hilly country called Maduluk.
Leaving his two dogs at Maduluk, Nimbawah continued his journey but became so confused among the many hills and trees that he lost himself. After much thought he cut a path through the undergrowth until he came to another lagoon, Gunjudruk, on whose shore, unknown to Nimbawah, lived a mythical man, Diundu, his wife, Glara-manduik, and their many children.
Seeing a pigeon-hawk sitting on a tree, Nimbawah started to talk to him. In the course of the conversation Nimbawah told the hawk that he was tired of being a man and, as the ater looked cool and pleasant, he had decided to change himself into a barramundi and, when necessary, into a rainbow man.
Just as Nimbawah had transformed himself into a barramundi, Glara-munduik came along, and seeing a large fish lying on the top of the water, threw hew digging stick at it but missed. The barramundi, Nimbawah, swam away for a short distance and, while still resting on the surface, caused the water in the lagoon to increase greatly.
The woman, not suspecting that anything was wrong made a second unsuccessful attempt to kill the fish. By that time, unbeknown to her, the water was overflowing the banks of the Gunjudruk lagoon. But Glara-manduik, still intent on the capture of so large a fish, made the third attempt to kill it.
Nimbawah created so much water that the woman was forced to swim. Turning himself into a rainbow man, he pulled her under the water, then, coming to the bank, put her on his shoulder and ran away with her.
Later Nimbawah transformed himself into a large pillar of rock, now called Nimbawah, and the woman, Glara-munduik, into a boulder which just out from the side.The children of the woman, seeing the flood coming toward the, tried to keep it back with stones. But the water overwhelmed them just as their father, Diundu, returned from the hunt, carrying many goannas.
Diundu, who was a noted magician, took his stone axe and set out to kill the man Nimbawah. But he was too late, for Nimbawah had already transformed himself and Glara-munduik into the pillars of rock at the hill Nimbawah of the present day.
In desperation Diundu endeavoured to decapitate Nimbawah with his stone axe, but the rock was too hard. He then tried to cut Nimbawah's throat, but again was unsuccessful because his stone axe broke into many pieces. Disgusted at his failure, Diundu changed himself into another pillar of rock, east of Nimbawah, but the children, who drowned in the flood are nowhere to be seen.
[The man Nimbawah] deals with the legend of Nimbawah. On the left is the tall rock of Nimbawah, with a constriction near the top where Diundu tried to cut off the head of the ancestral man. On the top upper left is the woman, Glara-munduik, a large boulder projecting from the main mass. The human figure is Diundu who, with his stone axe (shown on left) tried to decapitate Nimbawah. To the right is a spear thrower and six spears; the central multi-pronged one is used for spearing fish.
[Charles P. Mountford, 'Records of the American-Australian scientific expedition to Arnhem Land vol. 1: Art, myth and symbolism']
Gunbalanya (Oenpelli) → Western Arnhem Land → Northern Territory → Australia
natural pigments on paper
45.0 x 58.5 cm image/sheet; 63.1 x 76.0 x 3.6 cm frame
Gift of the Commonwealth Government 1956
Gunbalanya (Oenpelli)
Mountford Gifts: Works from the American Australian scientific expedition to Arnhem Land 1948, Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, 21 Mar 2009–03 Jun 2009
Jonathan Jones, Mountford Gifts: Works from the American-Australian scientific expedition to Arnhem Land 1948 , 'Mountford Gifts: Works from the American-Australian scientific expedition to Arnhem Land 1948', pg. 1-5, Sydney, 2009, 3, 4.
Purchases and Acquisitions for 1956 National Art Gallery of N.S.W. , Sydney, 1956, 23. cat.no. 62; titled 'The man Nimbawah'
Records of the American-Australian scientific expedition to Arnhem Land 1: Art, myth and symbolism , Melbourne, 1956, 220, 221 (illus.). plate no. 65B
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1855
|
__label__wiki
| 0.630876
| 0.630876
|
Audio: Fernando Lugo, President of Paraguay
President of Paraguay Fernando Lugo, who assumed office in August and represents a switch from the political party that ruled for more than six decades, described the historic nature of his administration. “Paraguay has changed and we are inviting you all to be part of this new enterprise,” said Lugo, joined by his finance and foreign affairs ministers.
Listen to the English translation:
Download this mp3.
Listen to the original en español:
Related: Paraguay, Democracy & Elections | More In: Podcasts
Countries/ Paraguay
Five Takeaways from Paraguay's Presidential Election
The ruling party held the presidency, but a close race and poor turnout suggest challenges ahead.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1858
|
__label__cc
| 0.557631
| 0.442369
|
Tara & Rama (together): Greetings!
Tara: Hello. So much Love is in the air, Everyone, and there are just magnificent new energies coming in every single solitary moment. And living right now is to be living alive in these energies of the High Heart.
And in terms of a report, there is a bit of story from Monday, so we’ll start there and we'll proceed. On April 24th it has been announced that Dr.Steven Greer’s premier movie "Unacknowledged" will be premiered and tell of our true presence here on planet Earth, always. And it's also about the presence of our Galactic Beings.
Tara: And then Sam Seder also talked to Rama back then and said that he doesn't give any dates yet he also stated (remember, he’s a Faction Three White Knight; not just a talk show person, you know, on the news networks) yet he said he got a strong hit that full disclosure could be happening by Easter, which is April 17th.
Rama: No dates.
Yeah, no dates; but he has strong feelings about that. We can focus on that.
And many in Hollywood know about full disclosure and also, those who are following that crooked road to nowhere, may attempt, between now and then, to fake an alien invasion to distract from that situation. And they will use the black budget money that tax payers provide along with undisclosed amounts of fake money to cover it. And as they try to do this, the 20 million sovereign world militia forces along with Ashtar will be all over them.
Rama: Yes.
Tara: It just will not be allowed.
Rama: Yeah.
Tara: That’s the story. We've also heard that Donald Trump and his family are very frightened right now because the encroachment on the truth is a little bit much for all of them. And ‘We the People’ stopped the erasure of Obamacare. And this is why it is so important to realize that we are the movers; we are the movers and shakers; we are the changers and the changed. And in order that the divine plan of humanity to work out, it's required for humanity to participate. So that’s who we are.
Also, there was a secret presidential memorandum that Michael Salla put out in an email. He said in there, that that memorandum was signed by Donald Trump. It was supposed to be signed for the reason that it was meant to declassify anti-aging technologies, the first 1 thousand of over 5 thousand, of 60 thousand technologies that have been completely classified for over 60 years now. And Rama asked Tom The Cat last Monday about that, and Tom The Cat said that Donald Trump never did sign anything of the sort. And what he did say is that what it implies is that Michael Salla has been fully compromised and that we need to send and surround him with Love. And we don't know the circumstances of whose gun was up to his head or what money he was going to have to take unless he wanted to be where that gun was going to put him. So, judge not.
Yet, Tom The Cat then also said that there are so many governments across this planet that Donald owes money to that, and to remember that Mister Putin has a price on Donald Trump's head. And The Donald thinks that, as he were to lift the sanctions on Russia that President Obama put in place, (and remember that's the double agency that President Obama along with President Putin along with President Xi are playing double agents; in other words, President Obama did that sanction on Russia because Hillary Clinton, representing the 13 families, ordered him to, under penalty of that same gun) Donald Trump believes that Putin will lift the price on Donald's head, meaning that Donald knows all about that price on his head. Yet Tom The Cat said, no, that's not going to happen.
And another story is that on Sunday on AM Joy, David Corn and others that were on that panel about, you know, Mr Devin Nunes being compromised and that he needs to step down and that what we need is a special prosecutor. And so Rama on my behalf on having that question pop into my head, asked Tom the big question. Rama said, well where is Patrick Fitzgerald? Isn’t he the special prosecutor that's been all along around here somewhere and cannot be fired? And Tom The Cat said that Patrick Fitzgerald is in a very safe place right now, because some criminal gangs hired by the Yakuza of Japan, their CIA, and others hired by the Bush-Clinton crime family are presently out looking for Patrick Fitzgerald to assassinate him.
And then Tom The Cat made it very clear that Mr Devin Nunes is a stool pigeon for all of the Trump gangsters. He is a middleman for the Trump crime family and he will get his medicine. And then Tom The Cat told Rama everything is going to come out right now, so Namaste, he said on that.
Tara: And then today, Rama got to go to Rana Mu's place with Natasha. And Rana Mu's place is part of the DOE, so they have warp fields and all kinds of Galactic things going on in there. So, Rama Mu and Natasha went into the next room all of them together. And there is like a Galactic setting there, like virtual reality where everybody could see the King of Swords and Tom The Cat and Larry and Curly and Moe, on various locations of Mother Gaia. And, then as everybody came into that room and gathered, Lady Di and Dodi showed up in this holographic virtual reality image along with the rest of gang, and so they showed up in their location in the Wesak Valley.
Then they all said, as we are approaching this Easter time, which is April 17th next month, and actually the return of the Wesak full moon, Buddha's birthday which is May 10, more and more visual experiences - meaning lucid dreaming and actual physical Galactic contact will be being experienced by many, many more people, both individually as well as collectively. Both Lady Di and Dodi, as well as the King of Swords said that Michael Isikoff, the investigative reporter for Faction 3 is about to start telling the real stories about Antarctica. And he will have Sean Stone, Oliver Stone's son, with him. Oliver Stone's son Sean spoke to Rama last weekend about this and said, ‘I can’t say what you are saying; keep on going Rama and keep on telling this and spreading the word, and have the people that you tell to pass the word on further, because it will make a setting where we can be more protected and we can come out with things that have not been broken before in the news.’
So, Sean Stone being with Michael Isikoff could be already that time. So they will share untold parts of Earth’s history that bridges the gaps in Earth’s story, that go from before the flood 6,000+ years ago, all the way to the first Golden Age, which was 7 Yugas ago, meaning almost 200,000 years ago. So, Michael Isikoff and Sean Stone will indeed share that these Beings had technologies equal to Star Trek and beyond, in Star Trek Next Generation and beyond. Also they said that the Wise Councils of Elders are in conclave and have been ongoing in conclave speaking to the Native American Council of Elders, the 13 Grandmothers, to open up the ancient records, and tell the story of the Spider Clan, also known as the 13th Moon Cycle based on the constellation of Ariadne/Arachne, or presently known as the constellation of Ophiuchus.
Rama: Yes..
Tara: So, those are 3 names that go all the way back to those hundreds of thousands of years ago for the same constellation. I just want to say one more thing about Ophiuchus. Ophiuchus depicts a man by the symbol of a man with one foot below the horizon, and the other foot above the horizon. And that man is holding the head of the snake in one hand and the tail of the snake in the other. And that man is Ascended Master St Germain. So that's very important because it’s relating to him being the son of Queen Elizabeth the First and that has to do with the story that has been kind of hairy. We don't know the true story of that history, so they’ll be relating all of these things. All of these things are coming forth from now on, to the next little while.
Please be in Peace and Joy. Send more Love to all situations. Reach for your High Heart chamber and stay in your High Heart chamber. Love is all there is and everything else will be neutralized, as it is said in the Great Invocation which I will read right now. It states:
Let light stream forth into the minds of men.
Let love stream forth into the hearts of men.
May Christ return to Earth.
From the center where the
Will of God is known
Let purpose guide the little
wills of men,
From the center which we call the race of men
Let the Plan of Love and Light work out
Let Light and Love and Power restore the Plan on Earth.
Tara: And the ones on the crooked path to nowhere and all of that baggage will be neutralized by the human race in that invocation. Sat Nam.
Rama: I've just wanted to say that we really need help right now...
Tara: Yes, we have more bills that are due no later than the end of this month and ascyou could assist is, it will be so gratefully received. Thank you so much. Namaste!
Rama: Namaste!
Transcribed by Adriana. Edited by Fran.
https://www.ashtarontheroad.com/tara-rama-report-3-28-17.html
http://2013rainbowroundtable.ning.com/
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1860
|
__label__wiki
| 0.731402
| 0.731402
|
Carroll: Well-heeled Aspen and its high-heeled dilemma
Opinion | August 16, 2014
Rick Carroll
rcarroll@aspentimes.com
Last week might go down as one of the more bizarre ones in recent Aspen memory — let’s just conveniently blame it on the opening of the Aspen Art Museum — but the upside is that it shone the spotlight on just how opinionated this town is.
We often lament change in this town, but the day I relish that Aspen’s residents stop being outspoken will be the day to look for another job.
It’s not all fun and games, though. On Monday, a reader barged into our offices and wagged her finger in my face, yelling, “Shame on you!” for a syndicated cartoon that we ran in Sunday’s paper, deeming me partly culpable for some of the misinformation being spread in the Middle East’s propaganda wars.
That’s how the cookie crumbles in this business sometimes, but earlier in the day, I spent some time with Rebecca Driscoll, who didn’t get in my face at all but instead took me on an abbreviated tour of the downtown pedestrian malls.
Rebecca has lived in Aspen since she was a young girl and was once an Aspen Times reporter under the reign of Editor Loren Jenkins.
Last week, she picked up the pen again and wrote a letter to the Times as well as Aspen’s elected officials. We titled the letter “Downtown not high-heel friendly,” which essentially captured the essence of Rebecca’s gripe.
If you didn’t know Rebecca — I didn’t until I met her Monday — you’d peg her as one of those bitter Aspenites who is dreaming up yet something else to complain about.
Rebecca’s letter noted that the brick pavers in the malls of Hyman, Cooper and Mill pose a challenge to any woman walking through them in high heels.
“I would challenge you to make it one block in stilettos or even a chunky pump without losing a shoe or a pertinent ligament,” she wrote.
I initially dismissed the letter as yet another garden-variety Aspen complaint with no substance, one that cements this town’s stereotype as the epicenter of First World problems. I even posted it on Facebook, just to point out the sheer ridiculousness of such a claim, especially when you look at where much of the rest of the world is headed.
But after Rebecca showed me the areas of the mall that give her issues on those rare occasions when she does wear high heels, I got it. It’s not a world emergency, mind you, but she does have a point.
Two members of the Aspen City Council — Ann Mullins and Adam Frisch — responded personally to her letter. And according to them both, giving a critical look at the outdoor malls is one of the top 10 goals for the city this year.
In 1976, the city laid 315,000 bricks in the town core, making it pedestrian friendly (unless you’re wearing high heels). And locals and tourists have been stumbling and bumbling through them ever since.
“My take is that the mall, it’s (more than 40) years old, and it’s over loved, and we need to go back and fix a bunch of the infrastructure,” Mullins said. That it’s not high-heel friendly, Mullins said, “That’s an issue we’ve been talking about for 40 years.”
Frisch said that there’s a chance the bricks could be removed one day, “which will open up a can of worms.”
But it’s possible.
“I wish I could give her (Rebecca) credit for that, but we’ve been looking at this for a while,” he said. “And I assume that anything will be more friendly to people walking in high heels.”
Yet losing the bricks could make the walking experience — for most people, at least — in the malls less enjoyable, Frisch said.
“There needs to be an upgrade, but we need to honor the historic nature of the malls,” he said, adding that the malls’ more pressing issues include lighting, safety and power usage.
Also, “One of the bigger discussions that we want to have is the outdoor dining scene and what that will look like,” Frisch said.
To Driscoll’s credit, her letter was funny and entertaining — whether you thought it was intended to be serious or not.
But if the city actually decides to remove those bricks and pave the mall instead, expect to see rioting in the malls — just don’t wear your high heels.
Rick Carroll is editor of The Aspen Times. He takes comments, complaints, questions and news tips at rcarroll@aspentimes.com.
Aspen Princess: Trying not to follow the herd
Sean Beckwith: The long shadow of Aspen’s beauty
Judson Haims: Combating dementia helped by recalling memories, emotions through music
John Colson: Oscar Mayer, globalization, small-town troubles
Giving Thought: Putting people first in solving problems
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1861
|
__label__cc
| 0.651622
| 0.348378
|
Correct a mistake
Correct (amend) an income tax return
If you've made a mistake on an income tax return you've already lodged, or you think we've made a mistake processing it, you can request an amendment.
Correct excise and FBT returns, non-BAS fuel scheme claims and PAYGW payment summaries
How to correct non-BAS fuel tax credit claims and other fuel scheme claims, and mistakes on excise and fringe benefits tax (FBT) returns and pay as you go (PAYG) withholding payment summaries.
Once you’ve lodged your tax return, we will issue you a notice of assessment. This tells you whether you're entitled to a refund or that you have a tax debt to pay. If you think you made a mistake on your tax return, you can lodge an amended return online.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1866
|
__label__wiki
| 0.553104
| 0.553104
|
Smart Card Update: Two Months to PIV II
Just two months before the Oct. 27 deadline for the implementation of the federal government's new smart card ID and access control system, federal agencies are racing to test and tweak the technology underlying their applications.
Written by Michael Fickes
Just two months before the Oct. 27 deadline for the implementation of the federal government’s new smart card ID and access control system, federal agencies are racing to test and tweak the technology underlying their applications.
The Department of Defense (DoD), for example, is right now conducting pilot tests at 10 sites. “Each of the services and some defense agencies are collecting data for us,” says Lynne Prince, acting director of the DoD Access Card Office in Washington, D.C. “We’re testing the technology at different kinds of sites, some doors, some gates, some computers. We want the test sites to answer questions. How hard is it to bring physical access systems into compliance? What do they have to do? How do the contactless cards work? Will vendor cards work with the system?”
DoD is different than many other federal departments and agencies in that it has been using smart access control cards and technologies across its department for years.
About three years ago, President Bush issued Homeland Security Presidential Directive 12 (HSPD-12), which ordered federal agencies to come up with a common identification card for all federal employees and vendors. Under the Federal Information Processing Standard or FIPS 201, which set the technical standards for HSPD-12, the new identification and access cards must display the cardholder’s name, photograph, organization, serial number, expiration date and other information related to the cardholder’s agency and department.
The cards must also work with both physical and logical access control systems, carry two fingerprints for biometric authentication, contain both contact and contactless interfaces, and interoperate across federal agencies when necessary.
The smart card chip must store a personal identification number (PIN), a Card Holder Unique identifier (CHUID) and an authentication key. Oct. 27 is the deadline for 1,000-plus departments and agencies to be ready to issue these smart cards to more than 2.5 million federal employees and another 2 million or so military personnel, whether on active duty, in the Reserves, or in the National Guard.
Employees of vendors that regularly visit federal departments and agencies must also carry the new cards. No one is quite sure how many people work for the hundreds of thousand vendors that serve the federal government, but the defense department numbers its outside contractors at 300,000.
Thanks to its existing card access program, DoD has become something of a model for other departments and agencies that are installing the technology for the first time or upgrading existing systems.
For the past two years, federal departments and private vendors have been ironing out the details related to the new system. Two deadlines have controlled FIPS 201 implementation: Personal Identification Verification I and Personal Identification Verification II or PIV I and PIV II.
Largely completed in October of last year, PIV I described what kind of information federal agencies would need to collect from employees, appropriate background checking procedures and required documentation prior to card issuance, as well as privacy guidelines. “Essentially, PIV I focused on infrastructure, enrollment, identity proofing and identity vetting,” Prince says. “It required us to acquire and install the technology and the infrastructure to check backgrounds and to capture fingerprints. We had to submit our plans for this to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), and they approved the plan. We were in compliance with the PIV I deadline as of last year.
“This year, one year later, on Oct. 27, we must comply with PIV II, which means issuing our first PIV-compliant card,” Price adds.
As the implementation stage of the program, PIV II requirements are more technical. They require finding and configuring readers that can talk to smart cards with public key infrastructure (PKI) credentials that allow cryptographic log-ons, carry personal data, photo and fingerprint biometric data, and a cardholder unique identifier (CHUID). Most importantly, the readers must interoperate from department to department and agency to agency throughout the federal government.
Since DoD is already using a smart card, it is receiving different treatment than other agencies in PIV II. “We have a legacy card out there,” Prince says. “So we’re entering a transitional phase from one card to another rather than the end point (of an initial installation). This plan has been approved by OMB, which is approving plans made by all federal government agencies and departments.”
The DoD’s 10 pilot tests are key to the transitional strategy. Despite its experience with large card access systems, DoD had never used contactless technology, and FIPS 201 requires cards equipped with both contact and contactless technology. Moreover, FIPS 201 permits the use of two types of contactless technology. One employs two chips, one for contact operations and the other for contactless. The second is a dual-interface chip, in which a single chip handles both contact and contactless reader interfaces. DoD elected to use the dual-interface technology. The pilot tests are trying out various technical configurations of dual interface systems, as well as systems provided by different vendors.
“As we issued new cards, we asked the services to participate in pilot tests,” Prince says. “We’re doing this at 10 sites now throughout DoD, at each of the services and some of the defense agencies.” Pilot test applications include doors, gates and other physical access barriers. When the tests are completed, Prince says the office hopes to have a better understanding of how to educate their constituencies about card features.”
But implementing PIV II of FIPS 201 won’t be the end. “The challenges will continue,” Prince says. “We will have to come to terms with costs, sizes and interoperability between departments at both the physical and logical levels.”
The next challenge will be turning the system on across the federal government.
A healthy community starts with a healthy public workforce
Health insurance plans for local governments are typically thousands of dollars more expensive than those in the private sector. Consequently, providing quality healthcare for the many specialized employees within municipal workforces requires a unique solution. The cities of Plantation, Fla. and Rockford, Ill. are two examples of municipal governments that are going beyond the traditional […]
Mayors react to news of ICE raids
As news of Immigrations and Customs Enforcement (ICE) raids in major cities emerges, mayors of those cities are reiterating their support for undocumented immigrants in their communities. The New York Times reported on July 11 that ICE will commence raids in as many as 10 major cities that following Sunday to arrest thousands of undocumented […]
Florence-battered communities face other dangers besides weather-borne destruction
As Hurricane Florence has battered parts of the southeast coast of the U.S., officials across multiple states have reported damage to their communities and ongoing dangers they face. “Our city has suffered obviously one of the most devastating storms in its 308 year history,” New Bern, N.C. city manager Mark Stephens said at a Sept. […]
Michigan attorney general dismisses all remaining Flint water crisis criminal charges
The Michigan Department of Attorney General has dismissed all criminal charges related to the Flint, Mich., water crisis. The office announced the charges against eight defendants were dismissed in a statement on June 13, according to MLive. The office has instead started fresh with an expanded investigation. “Legitimate criminal prosecutions require complete investigations,” the statement reads, […]
How public and private partnerships can empower resilient communities
As tensions mount in Oregon, lawmakers close down capitol in response to militia threats
Baltimore mayor hopes new police leadership can curb violent crime
Why forensic DNA software is a major advantage to crime solving
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1874
|
__label__wiki
| 0.94867
| 0.94867
|
Brigham Young’s Entrepreneur Factory
In an effort to attract dollars, prestige, and top-notch staff, universities have long pushed to commercialize faculty research. That has he
Vanessa Wong (BusinessWeek)
In an effort to attract dollars, prestige, and top-notch staff, universities have long pushed to commercialize faculty research. That has helped institutions from Massachusetts Institute of Technology to Stanford become hotbeds of entrepreneurialism. The most surprising success, though, may be Brigham Young University.
The Provo (Utah) University now ranks first in the country in the number of startups, licenses, and patent applications per research dollar spent, according to the Association of University Technology Managers. BYU-licensed technology led to the creation of nine new companies last year on a research budget of roughly $30 million. Stanford, with a budget of $1.1 billion, spawned the same number of startups.
The private Mormon university set out to beef up its technology transfer department three years ago. It hired Mike Alder, an Alabama venture capitalist, to head the department, as well as Dee Anderson, a lifelong entrepreneur and BYU grad, to be his No. 2. They have tapped BYU’s vast alumni network to generate interest in licensing everything from bacteria that consume carcinogens to cutting-edge hearing aid technologies.
When Alder came on board, BYU was issuing around seven licenses a year. The 10-person team (seven of whom are student interns) expects to issue up to 40 licenses this year. “We’ve stepped up our game, and that’s had positive impact,” says Anderson.
Alder and Anderson have put much of their energy into building better relationships. They hold weekly meetings with different departments to discuss research in core areas such as chemistry, computer science, and engineering. In September, Anderson set up a LinkedIn group of BYU grads who want to hear about new technologies. That has resulted in several phone calls a week from people interested in using BYU research. The school also started an Entrepreneur in Residence program earlier this year that recruits alumni and business leaders to help evaluate technologies and identify opportunities for startups. It has so far recruited 28 entrepreneurs. While all are unpaid, they can invest in the business ventures they help put together. One entrepreneur is Eliot Jacobsen, a partner at a venture fund called RocketFuel in Salt Lake City. He plans to license an e-mail encryption technology that he discovered through the program. “Mike and Dee are doing [tech transfer] more disruptively,” says Jacobsen.
Other universities have set up alumni networks to help commercialize research. The University of Akron in Ohio, which ranked eighth in patents per research dollar, recruits retirees as unpaid senior fellows to help structure licensing deals. At MIT, tapping alumni has long been the norm. As Lita Nelsen, director of MIT’s Technology Licensing Office, says: “A lot of the people we work with have [MIT] degrees.” What distinguishes BYU, says Diane L. Palmintera, president of Innovation Associates, a consultancy in Reston, Va., is that it’s adopting an approach used by institutions with a much greater focus on research.
BYU has less of a financial cushion than big schools. Alder faces a hiring freeze. And some at the university don’t think turning research into business ventures should be a top priority. To a large extent, Alder admits, they’re right. “It’s not our main mission to be in tech transfer; it’s an extra for the faculty.” In this environment, though, keeping faculty happy is important. “They can go other places,” says Alder. “This is an incentive to stay.
Reprinted from the December 7 issue of BusinessWeek by special permission, copyright © 2009 by Bloomberg L.P.
For more small business articles from BusinessWeek, please visit www.businessweek.com/smallbiz.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1875
|
__label__wiki
| 0.937879
| 0.937879
|
Navy football's new crop of strikers ready to take on new-look version of hybrid position
By Bill Wagner
| bwagner@capgaznews.com |
Spalding product Evan Fochtman talks about being moved to the outside linebacker position known as Striker.
After two seasons of competition in the American Athletic Conference, Navy made a significant change in its defensive structure.
Most of the teams in the AAC employ high-powered passing offenses featuring four receiver sets. Navy’s outside linebacker constantly had to cover a speedy slot receiver, usually resulting in a mismatch.
Head coach Ken Niumatalolo and defensive coordinator Dale Pehrson decided to go in a different direction following the 2016 campaign. They felt the outside linebacker spot known as “striker” needed to be filled by a player with strong coverage skills. They also altered the job description of the position and devised schemes to make it more of a defensive weapon.
Jerry Thompson and Justin Norton were asked to usher in the new era of Navy strikers. Those two seniors combined to record 65 tackles (7 for loss) and 3 ½ sacks. Now Navy is developing a new crop of strikers led by junior Elan Nash, who appeared in 10 games a year ago and contributed 11 tackles.
Senior Mike Martin hopes to help Navy rebuild depth at fullback
“Last year, Jerry and Justin really started the position. They were the first guys to play in the new striker system,” Nash said. “They did a really good job of taking us under their wings and showing us how the position was supposed to be played. We learned a lot from those guys.”
[More from sports] One year after Manny Machado trade, Orioles prospect Yusniel Diaz finding his form at Double-A Bowie »
Thompson started nine games before sustaining a broken forearm against Notre Dame. Norton took over and wound up making four starts with Nash elevating into the backup role.
“That was the first time I was thrown into a game and got meaningful reps with the defense,” Nash said of replacing the injured Norton at Notre Dame Stadium. “I think it will help me a lot this year, just knowing that I have game experience under my belt.”
“MISFIT TOYS”
Having redefined the striker role, the Navy coaching staff needed to identify players suited to manning the hybrid position. It requires a multi-talented defender capable of running stride-for-stride with a slot receiver while also possessing the size and strength required to hold up against the run.
“This position has kind of evolved the last couple years from being a true outside linebacker into more of a nickel back,” said assistant coach Napoleon Sykes, who oversees the strikers. “We have not recruited to the new-look striker position so we’ve kind of been misfit toys.”
[More from sports] AFC North position rankings: Steelers, Browns will challenge Ravens for defensive supremacy »
Sykes said the program’s first batch of striker 2.0 recruits are currently attending the Naval Academy Prep School. In the meantime, the staff has been forced to find defensive backs big and aggressive enough to move up to the second level.
Navy is developing a new crop of strikers led by junior Elan Nash, who appeared in 10 games a year ago and contributed 11 tackles. (Phil Hoffmann / HANDOUT)
Nash played cornerback at Unionville High in Glen Mills, Pennsylvania, and as a freshman member of the scout team at Navy.
“I think the experience playing corner has really helped me with being an outside linebacker that can really cover,” Nash said. “I feel like the coaching staff can trust me to cover that curl flat or be the underneath guy in zone coverage. I understand the defensive back role in pass coverage.”
Nash moved to striker prior to spring practice as a plebe and spent the summer working hard to add weight and strength. He now carries 196 pounds on his 5-foot-11 frame and no longer physically resembles the player who arrived in Annapolis.
Jarid Ryan returns to cornerback with greater knowledge of defense
“I definitely had to adapt to being in the box and banging with the big guys. No matter what I do, I’m not going to be able to post up a tackle who is 300 pounds,” Nash said. “Coach Sykes does a good job of teaching us how to use speed and quickness to our advantage so we can get the job done as the undersized guys that we are.”
[More from sports] Mike Mussina’s departure from Orioles still rankles some, but decision might have paved his way to Cooperstown »
Nash is the only current member of the striker unit to have appeared in a game at that position. Junior Walter Little was slated to see action in 2017, but sat out his entire sophomore season with an injury.
Evan Fochtman (USNA / HANDOUT)
Sophomore Evan Fochtman entered August training camp as the backup behind Nash even though he is brand new to the position. Forrest Forte, who was listed No. 3 on the preseason depth chart, left the team this summer. Sophomore Austin Talbert-Loving, a Bowie resident, is now battling with Fochtman and Little for playing time behind Nash.
“I’m pretty excited about this group. Nash is a smart kid and a real steady Eddie. Walter would have been in the rotation if he had been healthy last season,” Sykes said. “ATL is a young guy who is coming along, a really physical kid. Evan has come over and brought good insight from being a quarterback.”
Sykes said he does not post a depth chart in the striker meeting room and doles out practice repetitions evenly to the top four players at the position.
“During my coaching career, I have always felt that you have to play multiple guys. By the nature of that position, guys are going to get banged up or hurt,” he said.
[More from sports] Ravens 2019 training camp preview: Wide receiver »
Sykes, who played outside linebacker at Wake Forest, believes in rotating as many players as possible at his position group.
“I preached that to Nash last season when he wasn’t getting a lot of reps. I said ‘Someone is going to get hurt and you will have to be ready to go.’ One week you might be running down on kickoff coverage and the next thing you know you’re turn is up on defense,” Sykes recalled. “We try to get all of them as many reps as we can so they’re ready in case we need to call on them.”
Added Nash: It’s a really competitive room. Everyone at the position can really play so it’s been good that everyone has been able to get a lot of reps and really improve.”
GETTING TESTED
Opponents still targeted the Navy striker last season, testing to see if he could cover a slot receiver out in space. Norton and Thompson, who had both bulked up to play striker in its previous iteration, struggled at times.
[More from sports] Former soccer prodigy Freddy Adu helping coach Anne Arundel youth team while looking to play again »
“Last season, we had some trouble with isolation on that position and weren’t as good in man-to-man coverage as we needed to be,” Sykes admitted. “This group is a little bit better in man-to-man so I’m not as worried about them.”
Navy has countered by shifting the striker around and often utilizing him in a variety of blitz packages.
“We do a lot with that guy so it’s really hard to figure out what he is doing from play-to-play,” Sykes said. “The way that player is built into our defense, he’s trying to destroy the pre-snap read of the quarterback all the time. That is because so many offenses read that guy’s overhang. So we do a lot of different stuff with that guy to make him hard to read.”
Nash welcomes opponents going after the striker in pass coverage and said it’s important for those playing the position to make quarterbacks pay for that strategy.
“In our league we go against some of the most dangerous slot receivers you’ll see anywhere in the country. So it is a challenge,” he said. “I think teams will be very surprised that every one of Navy’s strikers is a good athlete who can cover. Everyone in the room has come from defensive back so no one is afraid of any challenge we get in man-to-man coverage against the slot.”
Fochtman was named Capital Gazette Newspapers Player of the Year after accounting for 2,867 yards of total offense as a senior at Archbishop Spalding. The Columbia resident, who was co-winner of the Jim Rhodes Trophy as Anne Arundel County’s best football player, passed for 1,747 yards and rushed for another 1,120 yards.
Fochtman toiled on the scout team last season and probably would have done so again as a sophomore had he not been moved to defense.
“Honestly, I’m not too disappointed that it happened. I’m just trying to get on the field and help the team in any way I can,” he said. “I liked playing quarterback here, but honestly I was pretty far down the depth chart. I jumped at the chance to move to another position that would get me on the field faster. I definitely would not be traveling this season if I was still at quarterback.”
Fochtman turned heads almost immediately after moving to safety, delivering some bone-jarring hits during spring camp. The 6-foot-1, 194-pounder was so physical he prompted the coaching staff to push him up to the second level of the defense.
“Evan has been awesome. For a guy that has never really played defense, he is picking things up a lot faster than we thought he would,” Sykes said. “We knew Evan could do it athletically, but the mental part has been the surprise that he’s picked it up that quickly. I think seeing the game from the quarterback perspective has helped with his transition.”
Fochtman last played defense for an entire season as a safety on the freshman team at Spalding. Now the youngster is vying for the backup job at hybrid position that is part linebacker and part cornerback.
Latest College Football
Big Ten’s Delany says old mistakes to blame for college woes
Funeral services for former City, Morgan State football star John Sykes to be held this weekend
John Sykes, former City, Morgan State football star, dies at 70
UConn football heads toward independence; 11 enough for AAC
Morgan State's 2019 football schedule includes five home games
“Striker is a pretty complicated position, but I’m learning every day. I’m nowhere close to being where I need to be in order to play in a game, but I’ll get there soon,” Fochtman said. “Coach Sykes is a great mentor and so are Elan Nash and Walter Little. I’m getting more and more comfortable and feel I can do the job at striker.”
Ken Niumatalolo
Most Read • College Football
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1884
|
__label__cc
| 0.71788
| 0.28212
|
About Bone Thugs-n-Harmony
Hip Hop, Hip-hop, Rap
Krayzie Bone, Layzie Bone, Wish Bone, Flesh-n-Bone, Bizzy Bone
Bone Thugs-n-Harmony is an American hip hop group from the Glenville section of Cleveland, Ohio. They are best known for their fast-paced rapping style and harmonizing vo...
The Canyon at the Rose
The Fillmore Silver Spring presented by Cricket Wireless
Ballpark Village St. Louis
Canyon Club
The Cowan
Live Photos of Bone Thugs-n-Harmony
Saskatoon, Canada@Sasktel Centre
Seeing “Bone Thugs-n-Harmony” was more then a dream come true. I’ve grew up listening to them and then actually seeing them in real life was crazy. I can’t believe I seen them. They were so good. Love😻🥰😍😘love them, Yo
Berkeley, CA@Cornerstone Craft Beer & Live Music
Wish all of them where there and they performed more. The DJ played for almost 2hrs and then their DJ came on after for nearly half an hour then some other folks and then finally the main folks. Great to see them though having grown up listening to them. Wish they regulated smoking inside the venue too, not everyone smokes or finds it enjoyable to have it blown in their face or the smell around when you're trying to enjoy a performance. Great bartenders. Great signing along with them and the energy was cool. Layzie and Flesh were there for the fans hi fiving and interacting with the crowd, Krayzie had good energy and Wish was the only one I was like damn, it felt like he was just there and just promoting big time. Krayzie and Wish really didn't interact with the crowd like Layzie and Flesh. Once again, good to see them though. Looking forward to hearing that everyone will be together and performing and hopefully and hopefully they'll perform more and it's just them, not a lot fill.
Las Vegas, NV@Orleans Showroom
October 22nd 2018
Dope show! Everybody was lit! Love seeing Bone Thugs they always play the jams. FYI: if you don’t want smoke in your face, this show is not for you.
Bloomington, IN@
Bluebird Nightclub
March 23rd 2018
Had to wait for them to take stage for a while but I would have stayed as long as it took to see such a great show. A 24 year dream fulfilled & so glad I finally got that opportunity. This Super fan had the time of my life. A bucket list check-off ☑️
Louisville, KY@
Great show, great venue...they were awesome...but I was there way too early and they got there way too late ...I am their age so I have no idea how they can be so lively, so late! Haha...bc I was STRUGGLING! However, I worked their concert in 1996 (Charleston, WV) and hung out with them all night listening to Tupac and eating & drinking in the hospitality room. Seeing them all together that night was the best reunion ever! I know their superstars but it was like seeing some of my old friends that I had a great night with 20 years ago! You guys still got it! Love y'all ❤️
House of Blues Houston
Great concert. They did songs they usually don't do in concert. Still no Bizzy but that's fine the rest if the group was there and did there thing.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1885
|
__label__wiki
| 0.629074
| 0.629074
|
Jason Franks Jason Franks i(A140038 works by) (a.k.a. Jason Morris Franks)
Born: Established:
Southern Africa, Africa, ;
AUTHORORGANISATION
Works By (A140038)
Works About AuthorOrganisation (A140038)
Works About Their Works (A140038)
This Author in Trove
BiographyHistory
Bio changes summary
Jason Franks has written comics, prose, and source code. His family moved to Australia when he was ten years old. He lived in Florida in the United States for five years before returning to Melbourne. In 2010, he was also working as a software engineer.
His first novel, Bloody Waters, was published in 2012 and was shortlisted for the Aurealis Award for best horror novel. He has also published a number of short stories set in the same universe. It was followed by a second novel, Faerie Apocalypse, in 2018. His graphic novels, including The Sixsmiths, a limited-issue series about a family of suburban Satanists, have been shortlisted for Aurealis and Ledge Awards.
Most Referenced Works
VIEW ALL WORKS BY (A140038)
Awards for Works
y Faerie Apocalypse Victoria : IFWG Publishing Inc , 2018 12791190 2018 single work novel fantasy Abstract
'Over the centuries the Faerie Realms have drifted away from the mortal world. But for some, the Doors will open. For some, there is a Way to travel there, if they want it badly enough. If they dream it hard enough. In this era, only lovers, poets, and madmen can access the Realms of the Land—and for good reason. A succession of mortals travel to Faerie: a veteran seeking beauty; a magus seeking power; an urchin seeking his wayward father; an engineer seeking meaning. These mortals bring the horrors of our age to the Land, and the Folk who live there respond in kind.'
Source: Publisher's blurb.
2019 shortlisted Ditmar Awards — Best Novel
y Left Hand Path Sydney : Winter City Productions , 2014 8368048 2014 single work graphic novel Abstract
' Detectives of the Unconventional Incidents Unit (UIU) are called in to investigate a bloody massacre perpetrated by a demon who is loose on the streets of Los Angeles.
'Their only clue: a missing barrel of Rainbow Peach Swirl ice cream.'
2014 shortlisted Aurealis Awards for Excellence in Australian Speculative Fiction — Best Illustrated Book / Graphic Novel
y Bloody Waters Daylesford : Johannes Scherpenhuizen , 2012 Z1909000 2012 single work novel fantasy horror Abstract
'Can the Devil be any less trustworthy than a record executive?
'Young guitar virtuoso Clarice Marnier is on the verge of success when she crosses the wrong A&R man. Suddenly, instead of being signed to the major label that has been courting her, she finds herself blacklisted across the industry.
'So Clarice makes a different kind of deal with the Devil; one that will give her a second chance at the expense of the enemy who cost her the first one.
'Soon Clarice and her band, Bloody Waters, are on their way to stardom... but it's not an easy road. Clarice feuds with a disgruntled diva; busybody Wiccans lay a curse on the band; a has-been guitar hero wants to compete for the 'Guitar Mojo'; a succubus popstar wants Clarice to play on her record. And then things really start to get dangerous.
'Cracking the Top 10 is one thing; gunfights with the Vatican Mafia and magical duels with a killer DJ are quite another.
'Sooner or later Clarice is going to have to confront the Devil himself - the only question is whether she'll be alive or dead when it happens.' (Publisher's blurb)
2012 shortlisted Aurealis Awards for Excellence in Australian Speculative Fiction — Horror Division — Best Novel
Last amended 18 Jan 2019 09:49:57
Other mentions of "" in AustLit:
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1887
|
__label__cc
| 0.587414
| 0.412586
|
Managing Your Writing Life
Education and Craft How Incorporating Foreign Language and Cultures Can Enhance a Story
by Sam Staley
How Incorporating Foreign Language and Cultures Can Enhance a Story
Today, intercultural and multicultural stories are trending—whether the story is being told on television, in a movie, or in a book. There are some easy methods to enrich your story by incorporating different cultures into setting and characters. Other methods require a considerable amount of knowledge—such as understanding a foreign language. Sam Staley (SR Staley), award-winning author, film critic, and educator, says that foreign language is an untapped storytelling device. Foreign languages are containers for culture, so their existence in a story can immediately open access into another world. Introducing a new language also creates opportunities for tension and plot advancement. While it would certainly help a writer to be fluent in the language he or she is using, it isn’t entirely necessary. Staley elaborates on a few rules that allow authors to incorporate languages they don’t understand. In the clip below, learn how using a foreign language can engage your readers and open new markets in which to sell your book!
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1889
|
__label__wiki
| 0.720853
| 0.720853
|
A Cable Propelled Transit system for the Metro?
Rising to the occasion; beating traffic via cable cars
Wikimedia Commons - Mike Gonzales, Øyvind Holmstad, Maksym Kozlenko, Tagaytay Highlands/SMDC February 04, 2019 13:30
Ford unleashes the rally-inspired MS-RT Transit Van
Fixing the sins of the past
Building the Metro subway and BRT: How hard can it be?
2012, Our EDSA moment
9 ways to solve the Metro's traffic woes
Metro driving: The past, present and future
E-PASS blind, Tweeting, Traffic, BRT, and the August sales drop
Metro-Manila aerial tramways
Has it been more than two years already? With I-ACT up and running, Danny Lim running the MMDA and another Orbos in the Cabinet, this season of traffic jams and Manila flash floods may just as well be a good time to revive one of the many novel and what some consider as absurd proposals to solve the traffic mess.
Recall that one of the many ideas proffered to solve the Metro's congealing traffic that the new administration is studying is the cable car. This out-of-the-box proposal from DOTr Sec. Tugade was welcomed Sen. Grace Poe, the Senate's committee in charge for traffic solutions, which was then studying the grant of emergency powers. At that time, Sec. Tugade's example was the Bolivian city of La Paz, where it's 10.0km long "Telefericos" is its primary public urban transport network to which several other cable car lines, underground rail [subways] and surface transport [buses] integrate to, instead of the other way around.
Now we, of these 7,107 islands, may find cable car mass transit a joke considering we are not worthily possessed of the mountain peaks of La Paz, much less an alpine landscape like Switzerland. Our heaving population mega cities are founded on river deltas and coastal keys and not on steep sided mountains, making zig-zag highways or steep climbing cog and rack railways near impossible to build. Moreover, the popular Swiss stereotype impression of cable cars is that of gondolas that take tourists or skiers to the summit for sport or scenery gazing, thanks to memories of the tourist funicular railway in the isle of Capri or Ocean Park Hong Kong.
Zip lines with Gondolas?
But we are no strangers to cable cars, thanks to out-of-favor oligarch Bobby Ongpin who insisted on a funicular for the first phase of Tagaytay Highlands back in the FVR-era nineties. And if memory serves us right, a rather appropriate aerial tram was part of the package of plans proposed by a Taiwanese investor that was to take over and link John Hay Air Base in Baguio, Mountain Province to Poro Point in La Union by the sea. The latest proposals using funiculars are from some LGU that proposed man-made islands resorts reclaimed from Laguna de Bay to reach the hillsides of the Sierra Madre.
Up in the air, and quick
The cable car as mass transit is catching on in Latin America and China's populous cities more so than in other parts of the world. They are built far faster than BRT [Bus Rapid Transit] or railways and operate at a tenth of the cost. For the 2012 London Olympics, Emirates Airlines took 10 months to build a funicular connecting North Greenwich to the Royal Docks over the River Thames. Funicular railways require far less right of way private property expropriation than road or rail expansion, though the question of "air" rights has to be tackled in applying such to our local urban areas.
Slow, quiet, serene and over the city
The capacity of the gondola's in the rather extensive network in La Paz Bolivia are at 3,000 pax per hour per direction, equivalent to the full capacity of a hundred stretch Jeepneys. Though their languid pace of 16.0km/h limits their turn around frequency, cable cars are one of the most quiet, flood free and arguably the most scenic means of safe public transport. In Rio, the cable cars hover in safety over the more dangerous favelas, communities that have been known to have random and frequent drug gang gunfights. Rio's middle class "Cariocas" , dependent on local hire domestic help who commute to the classier parts of Rio, live in the favelas. So just like their counterparts in other Central and Southern American cities, cable cars are the favored means of cheap and reliable transportation.
Condo to hillside direct transport
Beyond the obvious applications of funiculars in cities like Cebu, Cagayan de Oro and Davao, cities that have sea shore and mountainside communities, funiculars can have an application in the Antipolo elevations of Metro Manila. Contrary to popular opinion, cable cars are not necessarily just for hilly or mountainous regions.
Since funiculars have the advantage of less construction on the ground as cables are far lighter than beams or girders so pylons can be installed far apart - aerial trams can serve as efficient medium capacity cross Metro commuter transport. Access to stations can be elevated by being co-hosted in the many upcoming mixed used high rises going up in the Metro, like those ubiquitous condos built by SMDC [Shoe Mart Development Corp.].
Moreover, the cable pylons or towers have a foot print the size of a NGCP [National Grid Corporation of the Philippines] High Power line pylon and the great distance between pylons reduce the need to buy real estate, though there may have to be a compensation mechanism to owners of "air" rights over private property.
Go West or East
A first "MetroCable", "Aerotram" or "FuniculaMLA" could begin in the Folks Art Theater/Cultural Center of Philippines reclamation area and terminate in the vicinity of the Antipolo Basilica of Our Lady of Good Voyage. Several reasons favor this route. For one, the West-to-East Metro commuter only has scattered and dissonant PUV routes to choose from. LRT-2 serves a radial route for the North East quadrant of the City while the proposed LRT-4 is only a short stretch from EDSA to Rosario via Ortigas Ave.
Straight path over the crowded and the crooked
Moreover, FuniculaMLA's 1st route passes through zones where an LRT or BRT line would have to kink and curve at many areas in order to follow a mishmash of narrow radial avenues that can afford a reasonable amount of existing public road right of way to minimize expropriating private property over densely populated communities. Besides, there is hardly anymore available at-grade road space on the proposed route along Quirino Ave., Pedro Gil and the narrow streets of San Andres and Pasig City. Air rights will also have to be tackled at some point along the way.
Sunset boulevard to hill top
From FAT/CCP, the cableway route will cross Roxas Boulevard, pass between the Yacht Club and Bangko Sentral to proceed to Quirino Ave. The funicular railway will cross over LRT-1, providing an interchange station in the Taft Ave. area. The route then crosses over MMSS3 [Metro Manila Skyway Stage3], then curves to align over Pedro Gil. As the route approaches the Santa Ana Church and Plaza Calderon, the route then curves over the San Andres area to align on the banks of the Pasig River.
It would be ideal that the funicular railway stations also have access to the Pasig River Ferry system. This Pasig River alignment follows former MMDA Chairman Francis Tolentino's Pasig River Skyway all the way up to EDSA-MRT station and C-5/Bagong Ilog at which point the route now leaves the Pasig river to cable over flood prone Pasig and the end of R-5/Ortigas Ave. in Cainta. Then the cable route begins its hillside ascent to terminate at the Antipolo Basilica's plaza.
The "high" way home
It doesn't take much to imagine that such an aerial journey would take in scenic spots like the Manila Bay sunset and the hills of Antipolo. At night, the view of the city's pin-lit residences and monstrous billboards will be a sight to ease commuter's woes. Moreover, commuters riding the high capacity gondolas are spared from road noise and stench. The gondolas should be air conditioned and provide seats for both seated and standing passengers.
The Swiss, German or Japanese manufacturers and designers should ensure that the gondolas are stabilized against high winds and from gusts and thunderstorms. We don't expect the gondolas to be typhoon proof as public transport systems are grounded the moment storm winds hit Signal No. 4 anyway. Emergency protocols should be established in cases of earthquake or if there is a fire along the route.
SkyTrip
For the first stage of the Metro's first "AeroTram", "MetroCable" or "FuniculaMLA", fares should be set to be on par with the per kilometer charge of the MRT/LRT so that it will be affordable. Ticketing should follow existing practice using load anywhere AF Payments Bep Card fare collection system. We should be so lucky if this idea takes off.
All hail the new “G”
After forty years with only one major upgrade in 1990, Mercedes Benz finally evolves the G-Wagen... and it looks the same
With public transport in dire need of expansion, which way should we go, road or rail?
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1891
|
__label__wiki
| 0.52072
| 0.52072
|
Billericay Community Archive
Preserving memories of an Essex town
You are here: HomenextTopicsnextPeoplenextThe First Taxi in Billericay
The First Taxi in Billericay
.... and how things have changed
During the late 90s I discovered that the very first petrol taxi in Billericay came into town in 1910. 2010 is the 100th year since the introduction of the very first taxi in Billericay and I celebrated by actually locating a copy of the picture and having it positioned in the local pub, the Coach and Horses, which is some 150 yards away from where the original picture was taken.
From my research into the original picture – the guy who is actually sitting in his cab was a Mr Edward Ball and the actual taxi itself was 12/14 horse power with a top speed of something like 30 miles an hour max. In fact when I actually looked in to research the taxis called the ‘Unique Taxi’ it is a French taxi which ironically some 100 years later is exactly what I drive. I drive a Peugeot which is in fact also French.
Having researched on the internet one of those taxis was still up for sale, probably about 2009; and there was also an item on Pathé news which had been shot somewhere in the 60s of one being renovated. The interesting thing about the taxi was that in the back of it was a set of compasses on the bulkhead so that when the passenger got in and said ‘I would like to go to…. North West London’ and the taxi driver started going via the South East to get to the North West of London, the compasses would show that he was going in the wrong direction and would allow the passenger to get quite irate with the taxi driver and say ‘you’re going the wrong way my man!’ Which I thought was quiet amusing, but to find out that there was actually a taxi still around last year – 2009!
Taxi driving today
I think the most famous person I have taken is the rugby player who played locally originally for Barking - Jason Leonard.
Another story which did happen to me a couple of years into being a cab driver – I’ve been a cab driver 12 years, was I was working in Basildon at the time, going down a residential street and I was flagged down by two guys in a car. I looked at them closely and they went ‘yes, it’s right, it is us we are Chas and Dave’ and it turned out that Chas and Dave couldn’t find a particular venue they were appearing at and I finished up actually taking them up to the venue. I said ‘follow me, I’ll take you up there’ and one of them said could you also direct us to the nearest hostelry so I went and had a Coca-Cola with them in one of the local pubs.
Within recent years, when I initially started in the cab business, it was just me, myself and I, working as what they call a lease driver where you rent someone else’s vehicle. But gradually over a period of time I set the target of getting my own vehicle which I did, and then we moved on to the next stage. The next stage was actually to get involved with the formation of a co-operative, because these days the taxi industry technology has advanced so much. Gone is the need for the use of radios and we have things called GPS systems but in fact our service is based off the back of a call centre via the internet which is very, very economical to run and efficient.
The connection with the Ivory Rooms (I believe it was Quilters school; originally it was actually turned into the Quilters nightclub with a school theme, then after that it went through to be changed to the Ivory Rooms) is that they were looking for branding with their products throughout the town, which they have been very successful at, but also, more importantly, to keep the local residents happy with regards to the fact that their club is based in a residential area. They wanted to quickly remove revellers from their club with the minimum of disturbance away from local houses and we’ve successfully managed to put that in place and long may that continue.
By Mark Waller
Page added:
Mr Edward Bull was my great great Uncle on my mother’s side. Nice to see him remembered here. His Father George Bull was a fly carrier (with a one horse cart) and Edward followed in his footsteps. Edwards sisters (Nelly and Nancy Bull) ran the tobacconist at 114 High street.
By Vince Lee (07/10/2018)
Add a comment about this page
I consent to my name and e-mail address being stored along with this comment, and to the website editors communicating with me by e-mail about the comment if necessary. My name may be published alongside the comment on the website, but my e-mail address will not be published. My information will not be shared with any third party (see our Privacy Statement - opens in a new window). *
"A Chapter of my life in Billericay"
(Herbert) Rathbone Dunnico JP, DL, LL.D.
3rd Billericay Cubs and 4th Billericay Scouts
A Billericay Optician
A Billericay schoolboy
A Famous Billericay Boy
A notorious Essex murder.
A schoolboy in 1950
Anthony Taylor
Audrey and Ernie Hale
Billericay Welcomes Circus Rosaire
Boy Editor
Cap guns and Tree swings.
Collected Memories from Members of the Billericay Society
Coming to the Chantry Estate
Coronation Pageant 1953
Cyril Giachardi
Do you know this woman?
Evelyn Lockhart (nee Cullis) 1917-2006
Famous Billericay Families
First Memories of Billericay and choosing a Church
Four Gables, Crays Hill
George Saner & the Rhubarb Sheds
Growing up in Billericay
Harrington, Peter
Harry Houghtons of South Green
How I became Town Crier
How I nearly lost my life
Jack Bartlett's Life in Billericay
Joan Shirmer Interview
June Smith
Katie and David Pearce Move to Billericay
Looking for a New Life
Major Spitty
Martin Family Tree
Mary Scott
Memories of Billericay During the Twenties
Memories of Billericay Pubs in the 1960's
Memories of Billericay School
Memories of Kathleen Walden (nee Martin)
Miss Archer's Tea Urn
Moving to Billericay
My journey to school and cross country running
My Memories of Billericay
My Youth in Billericay
Queen's Coronation
Random Recollections of Billericay
Recollections of Daphne Timmis
Shopping Outing
South Green Memories
Strictly Billericay
The Lovells of Highland Grove
The Pools Man
Uplands Cottage
Working life in the 1930's
Youth Club Recollections
Youth Club's Sponsored Walk 1967
Audio Memories
Events in the Town
Famous Billericay Residents
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1899
|
__label__wiki
| 0.568526
| 0.568526
|
All (561,401)
Topic (538,740)
Industry (53,798)
Hotbed/Location (522,695)
Career Advice (3,254)
MD-Staff, CAQH Work Together to Make Sharing Provider Data Easier and More Accurate for Groups
WASHINGTON and TEMECULA, Calif., /PRNewswire/ -- Applied Statistics & Management Inc. (ASM) and CAQH® today announced that they are working together to make it easier for large provider groups to share credentials and other information with health plans. MD-Staff, the ASM flagship credentialing system, now automatically generates rosters that may be uploaded directly into CAQH ProView for Groups, enabling provider organizations to submit information about their providers accurately and efficiently with multiple health plans at once.
"This simplified data collection process has the potential to save hospitals and group practices countless hours and needless frustration while improving the accuracy and completeness of provider information," said Steve Slaton, Director, Product Management at CAQH. "We are taking a significant step forward in addressing the provider data challenges that plague our nation's healthcare system."
CAQH ProView for Groups is a new feature of CAQH ProView, the industry standard solution used by more than 1.4 million providers to self-report data. This new functionality replaces the current highly manual, fragmented process for maintaining and sharing provider rosters. Delegated groups no longer need to maintain a separate file for each contracted plan. Instead, they can submit one standardized file through a centralized portal, which automatically checks for errors. Participating plans then receive high quality provider data that can be easily uploaded into their systems and online directories.
MD-Staff, a powerful, user friendly enterprise-level credentialing system used by over 1,200 facilities has added a new feature that enables groups to automatically download rosters in a CAQH-ready format.
"Managing different roster requirements and formats for each plan is an operational headache," said Nick Phan, Executive Vice President of ASM. "We are excited to be the first vendor to support CAQH ProView for Groups."
"Offering a streamlined process and standardized format for provider data collection, CAQH ProView for Groups is eliminating many major pain points," said Slaton. "The new integration with MD-Staff now makes it even easier for groups to share information with plans and sets a new standard for provider data management systems."
To learn more about how this solution is revolutionizing the way health plans and provider groups share data, visit the CAQH website here.
About CAQH
CAQH is the leader in creating initiatives to streamline the business of healthcare. Through collaboration and innovation, CAQH accelerates the transformation of business processes, delivering value to providers, patients and health plans. Visit www.caqh.org and follow us on Twitter: @caqh.
Applied Statistics & Management Inc. (ASM) empowers healthcare organizations to advance patient safety and quality objectives using cloud-based, AI-enabled software solutions. Over 1,200 facilities worldwide use our products, MD-Staff and MD-Stat, to automate and manage their credentialing, privileging, OPPE, FPPE and peer review processes.
View original content to download multimedia:http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/md-staff-caqh-work-together-to-make-sharing-provider-data-easier-and-more-accurate-for-groups-300803605.html
SOURCE CAQH
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1901
|
__label__wiki
| 0.934421
| 0.934421
|
Science selected
A68: World's biggest iceberg is on the move
By Jonathan Amos BBC Science Correspondent
Media captionThis movie shows A68's progress from January 2018 to July 2019
It's two years since the monster block of ice known as A68 broke free from Antarctica.
Satellites show the world's biggest berg has spun around in the waters of the Weddell Sea and is now moving north along the White Continent's peninsula.
For a while, it seemed like the 160km-long frozen mass had become stuck on a section of shallow seafloor. A68 was in danger of becoming the world's biggest "ice island".
But it's since picked up the pace.
"For an object weighing around one trillion tonnes, Iceberg A68 appears to be quite nimble," says Prof Adrian Luckman.
"Following a year of staying close to its parent ice shelf, in mid-2018 A68 became caught in the Weddell Gyre, a clockwise ocean current, which spun it through 270 degrees and carried it 250km north," he told BBC News.
"The iceberg is 160km in length yet only 200m thick - a similar ratio to a credit card - so it is surprising how little damage it has sustained in its journey so far."
A68 calved from the edge of the Larsen C Ice Shelf in July 2017. Swansea University's Prof Luckman has followed its progress ever since, using Europe's Sentinel-1 satellites.
There are two of these spacecraft and they fly over the berg every few days.
Shackleton ship search called off
Antarctic Peninsula 'can avoid irreversible change'
Glaciers to honour 'satellite heroes'
The satellites are equipped with radar sensors that are able to see the Earth's surface, regardless of the weather and light conditions. Currently, the Antarctic is in the grip of winter darkness.
Although A68 has broadly held together, it has lost some sizeable chunks of ice. A segment fell off one end soon after the berg was born. This was even large enough to be given its own designation - A68b.
Measuring roughly 13km by 5km, this daughter block is now about 110km further north along the peninsula.
Like most icebergs from the Weddell Sea sector of the continent, A68a and b will eventually be ejected into the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, which will throw them towards the South Atlantic on a path that has become known as "iceberg alley".
Media captionAntarctic scientist Ella Gilbert flew in a small plane over A68
This is the same movement of water - and accompanying winds - that the famous explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton exploited in 1916 to make his escape from Antarctica following the loss of his ship, the Endurance, in crushing sea-ice.
Shackleton aimed for South Georgia, and it's at this island that you will frequently see big tabular icebergs sitting offshore. The blocks' deep keels mean they have a tendency to get pinned on the British Overseas Territory's shallow continental shelf.
Is this A68's ultimate fate, to anchor off South Georgia and melt away in its "iceberg graveyard"?
Image copyright BAS/P.Bucktrout
Image caption Big icebergs will often get caught in the shallow waters around South Georgia
Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1905
|
__label__wiki
| 0.986199
| 0.986199
|
Home › Sport › Football › Premier League
Guardiola has revolutionised football in England – Summerbee
The former Manchester City player also hopes the Spaniard will remain at the Etihad Stadium ‘forever’.
Manchester City boss Pep Guardiola
Mike Summerbee believes Pep Guardiola has transformed football in England and hopes he can stay at Manchester City “forever”.
https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/guardiola-has-revolutionised-football-in-england-summerbee-36875062.html
https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/article36875061.ece/5e7cd/AUTOCROP/h342/bpanews_43beafc3-c5a4-4ace-8401-6f41ea48ca72_1
Summerbee, one of the stars of the City side that won the First Division in 1968, believes the club could be at the start of a golden dynasty following their latest, Guardiola-inspired title success.
Guardiola’s team won the Premier League with a record-equalling five games to spare last month and celebrations will continue as they are presented with the trophy after Sunday’s game against Huddersfield at the Etihad Stadium.
“I think you’re looking at an era,” said Summerbee, 75. “He’s created something that you know is long-standing. I think that they can go from here. I think they’ll get even better.
“I think they’ve got a big chance (of winning back-to-back titles). I’m getting old but I hope to be around to see a few more trophies at this club.
“Pep has a certain way. I watch them train occasionally and I think he has revolutionised football in this country. I’d like to see him stay forever.”
Summerbee can see similarities between Guardiola and Malcolm Allison, the forward-thinking coach who, alongside manager Joe Mercer, masterminded the 1968 success. He feels the Spaniard, however, has taken things to a new level.
He said: “We were physically a very, very strong side. Malcolm was way beyond his time.
“In our day, you probably had four players who were really top-notch skilful players who could open the game up.
“But nowadays everyone from the goalkeeper to the full-backs, to two wing-halves, can all play, all can control and pass the ball. It’s rare you see a misplaced pass.
“They play in a small area where you have to think on your feet. They do that until they see a gap, and then it’s like opening the lock on a safe. Every player is so skilful.
“But conditions today suit the way it’s played. You cannot compare the side I played in with the side playing now – it’s impossible.”
City will be in party mood on Sunday with the trophy presentation coinciding with events to mark the 50th anniversary of the success of Summerbee’s team.
Summerbee will play his part as he and other revered figures from the club form a guard of honour to greet the current team onto the field.
“It’s a great honour and privilege to be able to do it,” Summerbee said.
Manchester City left-back Benjamin Mendy is set to miss the start of next season as he continues his recovery from knee problems.
Brighton defender Leo Ostigard joins St Pauli on loan
Brighton defender Leo Ostigard has joined 2. Bundesliga side FC St Pauli on loan.
Newcastle boss Bruce vows to win over doubters
New Newcastle head coach Steve Bruce has vowed to win over the doubters after admitting he has always regretted turning down the job the first time he was offered it.
Liverpool boss Klopp anticipating modest summer on transfer front
Jurgen Klopp insisted he is happy with his Liverpool squad even if the club do not make any big summer signings.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1916
|
__label__cc
| 0.547835
| 0.452165
|
Feminism: The advocacy of equal rights for women. Or, if you prefer, the social, political and economic equality of the sexes, that definition was coined by novelist Chimananda Ngozi Adichie, as famous nowadays for being a feminist as a writer. Referenced by Beyonce on her recent album and by Dior, their 2017 spring/summer white t-shirt displaying the words We Should All Be Feminists is commercialising the matter, but it is also creating a mass movement of support for gender equality. Equality: an eight letter word that seems reasonable, achievable and simple enough, but why isn’t it? Because it’s not simple. It involves changing the world as we know it, the hetero-normative, patriarchal, intolerant, capitalist world. Until that happens, for most of us, equity is a castle in the sky.
Some men I know love to quote Plato: At the touch of love everyone becomes a poet. Wise men talk because they have something to say; fools, because they have to say something. Only the dead have seen the end of war. But I never hear them quote from Book V of The Republic: Plato’s philosophical dialogue with Socrates where, in his ideal state, he says women should work alongside men, receive equal education and share equally in all aspects of the state. This was ancient Greece. BC! In Islam, Matrilineality – that’s the tracing of descent through the female line – existed before Muhammad. Even in 12th century Islam, women in business were the norm, they studied and were equal to men in all respects.
Men and women were created equally. However, throughout history, decisions about whether women will be revered in this century or reviled in the next have been taken by men. Why?
Biology aside, the differences between men and women are cultural and societal. And if people create society and culture then it must mean that there is capacity for change. That is, if we use our reason and logic and not blindly submit to the way things have always been. We’ve been traversing this uneven pathway of injustice and inequality for hundreds of years. In 15th century Europe, there began what was called The Quarrel About Women and smart men like the Italian diplomat Baldassare Castiglione wrote that everything a man can understand, a woman can too. Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, the German scholar and theologian said that God endowed both male and female with the same soul, the woman with no less faculties of mind, reason and speech than the man. Female voices such as French princess Marguerite de Navarre and Marie de Gournay, writer and editor of Montaigne added to The Quarrel and before them, Catherine of Aragon, the queen of England, commissioned the controversial book, The Education of Christian Women by Juan Luis Vives. Claiming that women had the right to an education, Catherine fought for that during her time as Henry VIII’s wife, earning much admiration from subject and enemy alike.
Last year, I wanted to write a poem for my mother. I’d planned to trace her strength, grace, courage and selflessness through all the great women of history and before I knew it I’d written two pages of names! From Sappho, the poet who pretty much founded western literature to Simone de Beauvoir, the French philosopher whose 1949 book The Second Sex, highlighted women’s oppression and was banned by the Vatican for doing so. Cleopatra, the last pharaoh of ancient Egypt; Harriet Beecher-Stowe, anti-slavery campaigner; Amelia Earhart, pioneering aviator; Benazir Bhutto, Rosa Parks, Indira Gandhi, Nina Simone, Mary Robinson, Malala Yousafzai – we are inventors, scientists, scholars, theologians, presidents, activists, aviators, philosophers, women count for 52% of the worlds population – why are we still being treated like a minority group? And why is it necessary to conduct research to find out who all these incredible women are? Women are either written out of history or are ineffectually recorded in it. For example: after the death of former deputy first Minister of Northern Ireland, Martin McGuinness, all the powers that be praised him and his colleagues Tony Blair, Bertie Ahern, Gerry Adams, David Trimble, Bill Clinton, John Hume, George Mitchell for brokering peace, but no mention of the contribution made by British Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, Mo Mowlam, who continued in politics until 2001 despite being diagnosed with a brain tumour in 1997. It’s as if she never existed. And she’s not the first woman to be overlooked. I could fill a
Mary Jackson – Aeronautical engineer
library, but what about NASA’s mathematicians? The hundreds of African/American women employed as computers at the Langley Research Centre whose calculations sent man to the moon! William Wordsworth’s sister Dorothy, whose journal entries were the inspiration for much of his poetry! Out of all the roads in Paris named after public figures, only 2.6% are named after women. One night in 2015 a feminist group known as Osez Le Feminisme (Dare to be Feminist) decided to celebrate all ignored women by covering all the blue plaques with their own versions which included Rue Simone de Beauvoir & Quai de Nina Simone!
Even with the gains made by first, second and third wave feminists, women are still struggling for recognition in every sphere. Equality, respect, or the full humanity of women: this is what feminism is all about. Basically, fairness. It’s not about misandry and it’s not about bringing men down; it’s about bringing women up. And feminists, I think, would like men to help them. At its heart it’s that simple. But equality challenges patriarchy (mechanisms that exert male dominance over women) and is dismissed as radical. Nobody wants to be cast out as a radical, so hence the negative sounding F word. And this is where I’m taking you today people! We’re venturing into the minefield that is Feminism. Protectively clothed in poetry we’ll be finding out why this loaded word, embroiled in so much controversy is more necessary now than ever. We’ll be making our voices heard with Radmilla Lazic and Carlyn Kizer; re-writing history with Anne Sexton and Adrienne Rich; celebrating womanhood with Lucille Clifton and throwing a light on the Irish situation with Eavan Boland.
Mary Wollstonecraft’s groundbreaking book A vindication of the Rights of Women published in 1792, proposed that women were the equal of men. Years ahead of her time, it was one of the first pieces of feminist writing and preceded the first wave suffrage movements of the mid 19th century, which sought access to education, property rights, suffrage, reproductive and economic rights for women. The second wave feminists of the 60’s were more concerned with ending gender discrimination, the third wave began to consider race related subjectivities, because not every woman is white and middleclass and we are now in what some would call forth wave feminism, propelled by technology and inclusive of diverse voices whose goal is a society unrestricted by gender. Whatever wave we’re riding, it’s about having a voice and we can hear that voice loud and clear in the feminist poetry of Serbian poet Radmilla Lazic, in particular A Woman’s Letter from her collection A Wake For The Living. Lazić, a respected editor, critic and activist is the founder and managing editor of a Serbian journal of women’s studies, ProFemina. As a feminist with a sense of humour, her honesty is compelling. Rather than fit into patriarchy’s idea of what a woman should be, the speaker here wants to make her own choices, express her femininity and live her life according to her own rules. Translated from the Serbian by Charles Simic, Lazic first tells us what she doesn’t want and then what she does:
I don’t want to be obedient and tame.
Coddled like a cat. Faithful like a dog.
With a belly to my teeth, hands in the dough,
Face covered with flour, my heart a cinder
And his hand on my ass.
I don’t want to be a welcome flag at his door,
Nor the guardian snake under his threshold,
Neither the snake nor Eve from Genesis.
I don’t want to pace between the door and the window,
To listen hard and be able to distinguish
Footsteps from night-sounds.
I don’t want to follow the leaden movement of the watch-hands,
Nor see falling stars
For him to gore me drunkenly like an elephant.
I don’t want to be sewn with needlepoint
To the family portrait
Next to the fireplace with balled up children,
In the garden with puppy children,
And I the shade tree,
And I the winter landscape,
A statue under the snow.
In a pleated wedding dress
I’ll fly to heaven.
Alleluia! Alleluia!
I don’t want a bridegroom.
I want gray hair, a hump and a basket
To go roaming in the woods,
Picking strawberries and dry twigs.
With my whole life behind me,
The smile of that boy,
So dear and irreplaceable.
Feminism has tried to make a space for women in a world that has always privileged men and masculinity. Women are underrepresented in politics, science, architecture and the arts. During the French renaissance period, Salons were unwelcoming to women. By the 17th century, they began running their own cultural gatherings and though their writing went unpublished they were, according to writer and philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau, considered a threat to the natural dominance of men. In her 1929 essay A Room Of Ones Own, Virgina Woolf argues for a space for women in a literary world dominated by men. A woman must have money and a room of her own to write fiction. In other words, the same civil liberties as men. In the mid 19th century women used male pen names in order to see their work published. The Bronte sisters became Currer, Ellis & Acton Bell, Mary Ann Evans was George Elliot and how much has changed? JK Rowling, since her Harry Potter series, has published as Robert Galbraith. Women in the arts are continually overlooked. In Ireland, a grassroots campaign, Waking the Feminists, calling for equality for women across the Irish theatre sector, ran from November 2015 to 2016. Plays by women generally have shorter runs, smaller venues and are less reviewed and publicised. We never hear about the success of playwrights such as Stacy Gregg, Ailis Ni Rian, Stella Feehily or Nancy Harris, playwright in residence at The Bush theatre in London and whose plays No Romance & Love in a Glass Jar are highly acclaimed, running in Dublin, London and New York. American poet Carolyn Kizer studied with Theodore Roethke, the only woman in a class that included poets James Wright and Jack Gilbert. According to her, they were all chauvinists and treated her like wallpaper. Being a highly gifted academic her poetry eclipsed theirs, but she still felt ignored. A Muse On Water is her response to an incident with one of her fellow poets who suggested one night, that women ought not to try to be artists and should stick to the kitchen:
We who must act as handmaidens
To our own goddess, turn too fast,
Trip on our hems, to glimpse the muse
Gliding below her lake or sea,
Are left, long-staring after her,
Narcissists by necessity;
Or water-carriers of our young
Till waters burst, and white streams flow
Artesian, from the lifted breast:
Cupbearers then, to tiny gods,
Imperious table-pounders, who
Are final arbiters of thirst.
This abridged version of the poem is from the collection Cool, Calm and Collected and in it she connects women to water and man’s abuse of it and her. He pollutes it, diverts its course, seeks to impede a woman’s progress in every way. He tunnels her underground out of sight, dries up what could have brimmed and in realising she is necessary to life, still doesn’t deign himself to recognise her:
And yet these buccaneers still kneel
Trembling at the water’s verge:
“Cool River-Goddess, sweet ravine,
Spirit of pool and shade, inspire!”
So he needs poultice for his flesh.
So he needs water for his fire.
We rose in mists and died in clouds
Or sank below the trammelled soil
To silent conduits underground,
Joining the blindfish, and the mole.
A gleam of silver in the shale:
Lost murmur! Subterranean moan!
So flows in dark caves, dries away,
What would have brimmed from bank to bank,
Kissing the fields you turned to stone,
Under the boughs your axes broke.
And you blame streams for thinning out,
plundered by man’s insatiate want?
You know, Kizer had a difficult relationship with her father, he was remote, indifferent and demanded academic excellence. She was radicalised to feminism by her highly educated mother, who turned down a job with Eleanor Roosevelt saying ’who would get your fathers breakfast?’ As it turned out, after she died, he got his own breakfast for the next thirty years! Outspoken against injustice throughout her life and in her work, her most famous poem is a five part prose piece Profemina, in which she addresses all women, highlighting their vulnerabilities and strengths – many encouraged by men and often reinforced by women themselves. It’s a call for women to do better. I guess feminism is something that must keep happening, it must be a constant process of renewal. The final stanza from part three reads:
But we’re emerging from all that, more or less,
Except for some ladylike laggards and Quarterly priestesses
Who flog men for fun, and kick women to maim competition.
Now, if we struggle abnormally, we may almost seem normal;
If we submerge our self-pity in disciplined industry;
If we stand up and be hated, and swear not to sleep with editors;
If we regard ourselves formally, respecting our true limitations
Without making an unseemly show of trying to unfreeze our assets;
Keeping our heads and our pride while remaining unmarried;
And if wedded, kill guilt in its tracks when we stack up the dishes
And defect to the typewriter. And if mothers, believe in the luck of our children,
Whom we forbid to devour us, whom we shall not devour,
And the luck of our husbands and lovers, who keep free women.
Adrienne Rich was another intelligent and influential poet active in feminism and movements for LGBT rights and reproductive freedom. Her poem Diving Into The Wreck, seeks to explore the truth behind the myths of difference and inequality. To write the future we must first read the past, so Rich is taking the plunge on our behalf; diving into the patriarchal sea to better understand what has happened to the men and women submerged by it – our assigned gender stereotypes and specifics; how men are raised to be aggressive and women are taught to submit to that hostility:
First having read the book of myths,
and loaded the camera,
and checked the edge of the knife-blade,
I put on
the body-armour of black rubber
the absurd flippers
the grave and awkward mask.
I am having to do this
not like Cousteau with his
assiduous team
aboard the sun-flooded schooner
but here alone.
There is a ladder.
The ladder is always there
hanging innocently
close to the side of the schooner.
We know what it is for,
we who have used it.
it is a piece of maritime floss
some sundry equipment.
I go down.
Rung after rung and still
the oxygen immerses me
the blue light
the clear atoms
of our human air.
My flippers cripple me,
I crawl like an insect down the ladder
and there is no one
to tell me when the ocean
will begin.
First the air is blue and then
it is bluer and then green and then
black I am blacking out and yet
my mask is powerful
it pumps my blood with power
the sea is another story
the sea is not a question of power
I have to learn alone
to turn my body without force
in the deep element.
And now: it is easy to forget
what I came for
among so many who have always
lived here
swaying their crenellated fans
between the reefs
and besides
you breathe differently down here.
I came to explore the wreck.
The words are purposes.
The words are maps.
I came to see the damage that was done
and the treasures that prevail.
I stroke the beam of my lamp
slowly along the flank
of something more permanent
than fish or weed
the thing I came for:
the wreck and not the story of the wreck
the thing itself and not the myth
the drowned face always staring
toward the sun
the evidence of damage
worn by salt and sway into this threadbare beauty
the ribs of the disaster
curving their assertion
among the tentative haunters.
Rich’s own personal conflict and sexual alienation (first as a wife and later a gay woman with three children) were mirrored in the wider social and political events of the 1960’s and she developed a poetic voice that spoke for all women; the same way she collected her National Book Award – on behalf of all women. In the poem she manages to achieve a degree of equality, albeit of the poetic sort, in the form of an androgynous being who circles the depths of history searching for answers, tasked with salvaging what remains of a disappearing, water-eaten book of mythology. The idea of androgyny is interesting. Not only does patriarchy serve to subordinate women, it defines masculinity in narrow ways too. A man must be hard, fearless and invulnerable, when really, men and women should be free to be both strong and sensitive. English actress Emma Watson, in her capacity as UN global goodwill ambassador is heading up a campaign called #HeforShe which is about freedom from the prejudice of gender; because gender is unjust – we are all imprisoned by it. Maybe we need to stop linking education, career, salary and position with masculinity and femininity and align them more with intelligence, aptitude and creativity. The poem concludes:
This is the place.
And I am here, the mermaid whose dark hair
streams black, the merman in his armoured body.
We circle silently
about the wreck
we dive into the hold.
I am she: I am he
whose drowned face sleeps with open eyes
whose breasts still bear the stress
whose silver, copper, vermeil cargo lies
obscurely inside barrels
half-wedged and left to rot
we are the half-destroyed instruments
that once held to a course
the water-eaten log
the fouled compass
We are, I am, you are
by cowardice or courage
the one who find our way
back to this scene
carrying a knife, a camera
a book of myths
in which
our names do not appear.
I recently posted a topic for discussion on a facebook book-club page. It was an article about publishers hiring sensitivity readers to flag offensive content before going to print. It kind of sounded like censorship to me, so I put the question to the group. Within minutes, I was under attack, there was a barrage of posts about: minority groups being misrepresented/abused/vilified in fiction; the value of sensitivity readers; that thinly veiled homophobia must be highlighted; that it’s not censorship, it’s about protecting people’s feelings. Everything from size to age seemed to be an issue; everything that is, except for how women and children are written about. It would appear that it’s okay to rape, murder, torture and abuse women and children, but people draw the line at a homophobic remark or the misrepresentation of a small person. (Fault finders will find fault in paradise – Thoreau) Before taking her own life, the American poet Anne Sexton pretty much gave convention the two fingers. As a 1960’s suburban housewife, a mother, a woman battling depression and a poet, she was out of sync with what society expected of her and felt the pain of the disapproval and isolation that ensued. In her poem, Her Kind, from the collection To Bedlam and Partway Back, apropos her experiences of madness, she speaks on behalf of the marginalised about what it’s like to be ostracised by society. There’s a puritanical strain in society that sees a woman as either a slut or saint; this isn’t right, a woman needs to be everything. Maybe for some women, marriage and kids is not the fairytale they were expecting and that should be okay. But in an oppressive society, Sexton feels condemned, a witch:.
I have gone out, a possessed witch,
haunting the black air, braver at night;
dreaming evil, I have done my hitch
over the plain houses, light by light:
lonely thing, twelve-fingered, out of mind.
A woman like that is not a woman, quite.
I have been her kind.
In the middle ages, women who spoke out about religion or challenged the patriarchal order were burned as witches. It was a form of societal regulation. But despite her vilification, Sexton’s speaker is not giving up on what she believes, she’s creating a new place in the woods, where everyone is welcome. She’s riding the cart to the pyre affronting society with her nude arms waving. Like Rich, in the previous poem, had to search unfathomable depths, Sexton embarks on some kind of night-time reconnaissance mission above the houses, in order to first, express her true nature and second, find some definition of womanhood she can relate to; because reality isn’t reflective of her truth:
I have found the warm caves in the woods,
filled them with skillets, carvings, shelves,
closets, silks, innumerable goods;
fixed the suppers for the worms and the elves:
whining, rearranging the disaligned.
A woman like that is misunderstood.
I have ridden in your cart, driver,
waved my nude arms at villages going by,
learning the last bright routes, survivor
where your flames still bite my thigh
and my ribs crack where your wheels wind.
A woman like that is not ashamed to die.
Feminism has evolved over the years to encompass not just women’s rights but rights for all marginalised groups, the disabled, LGBT, ethnic minorities and minority religions but I’m not certain that the intersectional nature of the movement is working. It’s proven difficult to establish a feminist world view to suit everyone. Feminists of course acknowledge the discrimination faced by others and can offer support, advice and share information but can feminism successfully advocate for the rights of all without risking taking the focus off women’s issues specifically? Gender discrimination applies to all genders of which there are many. Cis, bi, Non-binary, Trans, and the fifty-four other gender options recognised by some social media sites. Gender diversity is new ground for many of us, and incorporating the language into mainstream vocabulary will take time, we‘re all learning. American poet Rebecca Foust in Abeyance, a letter to my transgender daughter is a poem about a parents love for a child. A child who happens to be transgender. Not a pariah, just someone whose gender identity differs from the sex assigned to them at birth. TENI, the Transgender Equality Network Ireland seeks to advance the rights and equality of trans people and their families, who often feel isolated, misunderstood and excluded from society. In the same way the speaker in Anne Sexton’s poem feels like an outcast, transgender people too, live on the periphery of society, at risk of violence and discrimination:
letter to my transgender daughter
I made soup tonight, with cabbage, chard
and thyme picked outside our back door.
For this moment the room is warm and light,
and I can presume you safe somewhere.
I know the night lives inside you. I know grave,
sad errors were made, dividing you, and hiding
you from you inside. I know a girl like you
was knifed last week, another set aflame.
It’s normal for parents to blame themselves when something about their child is considered an issue: ill-health, mental/physical disability, behavioural problems, learning difficulties. The same is true for parents of non gender-conforming children. Some parents learn the hard way that doing what they think is best, may not be the best option. In 1970 the mother of Kirk Murphy took her 4yr old to a gender identity clinic where doctors claimed they could cure pre-homosexuality. After years of invasive treatment to correct his effeminate nature, he remained gay, ashamed, mentally damaged and died by suicide at 38. David Remer, born male but reassigned after a bungled circumcision also took his life at the age of 38, prompting transgender advocates to suggest you either accept a child, or lose them. Why is difference always seen as dangerous? Will there ever be a time when every human being is understood, accepted, respected and welcome to participate fully in all aspects of society?
Rebecca Foust might not have the words but she wants her daughter to know how much she was/is and will always be loved. In her own notes on the poem she recalls watching cabbages in her garden nearly turn themselves inside out to take in as much sun as possible and she compares this to the love a parent has for a child; it goes deep:
I know I lack the words, or all the words I say
are wrong. I know I’ll call and you won’t answer,
and still I’ll call. I want to tell you
you were loved with all I had, recklessly,
and with abandon, loved the way the cabbage
in my garden near-inverts itself, splayed
to catch each last ray of sun. And how
the feeling furling-in only makes the heart
more dense and green. Tonight it seems like
something one could bear.
When parents feel a child may be disadvantaged in some way they automatically fear for their future. In a article I was reading, the mother of one transgender teen who transitioned from female-to-male, said the fear she felt dissipated because her son was so joyful after the breasts that tortured him had been removed. The most important lesson she learned was hope – knowing her child could be happy and productive. And hope is what Foust leaves us with also. Parents brought together by mutual love for their daughter. Hope fills the air and their hearts, because parents love heart and soul, not gender:
Guess what, Dad and I finally figured out Pandora,
and after all those years of silence, our old music
fills the air. It fills the air, and somehow, here,
at this instant and for this instant only
—perhaps three bars—what I recall
equals all I feel, and I remember all the words.
So how do women in Ireland fair and what’s the gender situation here? Well, not great to be honest. Notwithstanding the gender pay gap which sees women earn at least a quarter less than men; patriarchy in Ireland has ensured the following: that women are underrepresented on boards (about 36%), in politics (35 dail seats out of 158!), academia and the arts; that 1 in 5 women experience domestic violence; that access to basic healthcare for women is denied, forcing thousands to travel overseas to obtain an abortion. Women don’t have autonomy over their own bodies. Ireland was the last country in the world to legalise contraception and is the only country affording equal rights to life to both woman and foetus. The UN has repeatedly criticised Ireland for failing short of its obligations under international law to protect the human rights of women. The state and church have consistently blocked the advancement of women. For forty years there was a marriage ban for female teachers! Up until the 1960’s the church considered that childbirth made women unholy or unclean because it resulted from sexual activity and they were often ostracised and forbidden from going to mass until they had been ‘churched’, that is: had the sin of childbirth washed away! Thousands of unmarried pregnant women, vilified and banished from their families and communities, were sent to live and die in secret, in state funded mother-and-baby homes or laundries. The gruesome and harrowing truth of one such place came to light recently with the discovery of the remains of hundreds of babies in a disused septic tank on the site of the Bons Secour sisters home in Tuam, Co. Galway. Child trafficking and illegal adoption were state policy and the government, according to Susan Lohan of the Adoption Rights Alliance, are terrified of opening an investigation, fearing it will dwarf anything that has gone before. At Mary Robinsons inauguration speech in 1990, she called for an open, tolerant and inclusive Ireland, and with the strains of Mna Na H’eireann ringing in the countries hopeful ears, the poet Eavan Boland read her poem The Singers:
The women who were singers in the West
lived on an unforgiving coast.
I want to ask was there ever one
moment when all of it relented–
when rain and ocean and their own
sense of home were revealed to them
as one and the same?
After which
every day was still shaped by weather,
but every night their mouths filled with
Atlantic storms and clouded-over stars
and exhausted birds?
And only when the danger
was plain in the music could you know
their true measure of rejoicing in
finding a voice where they found a vision.
Eavan Boland, like many Irish women, has struggled to find her place in a society hell-bent on silencing the voices of women. Over the years she has located herself centre stage in a habitually male dominated poetic tradition. Myth is a huge feature in her poetry, myth and the lost history of women. Her work focuses on the troubled role of women in times past and like Adrienne Rich diving into the wreck to find our names were never written, Boland combines domesticity and myth and focuses on the exclusion of women from the history books. What we read/have been told is at odds with what actually happened. For example, this years centenary celebrations acknowledged for the first time in decades, the roles played by over three hundred women in the Easter Rising. Boland’s poem Domestic Violence reflects the social and political shifts in Ireland as she equates the disharmony between a couple with that of a country:
It was winter, lunar, wet. At dusk
Pewter seedlings became moonlight orphans.
Pleased to meet you meat to please you
said the butcher’s sign in the window in the village.
Everything changed the year that we got married.
And after that we moved out to the suburbs.
How young we were, how ignorant, how ready
to think the only history was our own.
And there was a couple who quarrelled into the night,
Their voices high, sharp:
nothing is ever entirely
right in the lives of those who love each other.
In that season suddenly our island
Broke out its old sores for all to see.
We saw them too.
We stood there wondering how
the salt horizons and the Dublin hills,
the rivers, table mountains, Viking marshes
we thought we knew
had been made to shiver
into our ancient twelve by fifteen television
which gave them back as gray and grayer tears
and killings, killings, killings,
then moonlight-coloured funerals:
nothing we said
not then, not later,
fathomed what it is
is wrong in the lives of those who hate each other.
It’s a poem about conflict: within a country and within a relationship. Thinking again about the misrepresentation of women in history, it’s not surprising that she’s the victim here because that’s how women have always been portrayed. I mentioned Mo Mowlam’s disappearance from the roll-call of names associated with 1998 Good Friday Agreement (Why? Because she was brave, clever?) but why do politicians make constant referrals to the disappeared mothers of Northern Ireland (Because they were victims?) In Domestic Violence, we hear the silent voices of ordinary people howled down, by a country tearing itself apart:
And if the provenance of memory is
only that—remember, not atone—
and if I can be safe in
the weak spring light in that kitchen, then
why is there another kitchen, spring light
always darkening in it and
a woman whispering to a man
over and over what else could we have done?
We failed our moment or our moment failed us.
The times were grand in size and we were small.
Why do I write that
when I don’t believe it?
We lived our lives, were happy, stayed as one.
Children were born and raised here
and are gone,
including ours.
As for that couple did we ever
find out who they were
and did we want to?
I think we know. I think we always knew.
Our final three poems today are a celebration of womanhood or two aspects, at least, of womanhood that are rarely praised – menstruation and menopause. Lucille Clifton was born in New York. The first in her family to graduate, she was poet laureate of Maryland in the 1980’s. Like Rich and Sexton, her poetry reflects the upheavals of the 60’s and 70’s, and she writes about relationships, child abuse, black heritage and slavery. In her Poem in Praise of Menstruation she compares the menstrual flow to a river, the river of life. Traditional odes to women compliment their eyes, hair, lips, etc., here Clifton sings the praises of the fertility of women, the monthly cycle that is beautiful and faithful and ancient and female and brave:
if there is a river
more beautiful than this
bright as the blood
red edge of the moon if
there is a river
more faithful than this
returning each month
to the same delta if there
is a river
braver than this
coming and coming in a surge
of passion, of pain if there is
a river
more ancient than this
daughter of eve
mother of cain and of abel if there is in
the universe such a river if
there is some where water
more powerful than this wild
pray that it flows also
through animals
beautiful and faithful and ancient
and female and brave
It’s such a liberating poem about the truth and beauty of menstruation. Fertility is something to be celebrated not condemned as it has been in patriarchal societies. Menstruation gives rise to gender inequality and is a taboo in many cultures and religions. In Asian countries menstruating women are considered unclean and are forbidden from cooking, praying or even sitting with the family at mealtimes. A haemorrhaging woman is seen as a pollutant. Organisations such as Binti UK, work to empower women in disadvantaged communities, by promoting awareness about menstrual health and providing dignity and practical guidance. In her collection Quilting, published in 1991, Clifton offers two companion poems that address the menopause. That wonderful time when, as the Chinese say, the body’s energy moves from the womb to the heart, to a place of wisdom and self discovery, away from caring for others and into, to use Virginia Woolf’s phrase, a room of her own. To My Last Period is both a tribute and a measured goodbye, not to womanhood but to the girl who never arrived:
well, girl, goodbye,
after thirty-eight years.
thirty-eight years and you
never arrived
splendid in your red dress
without trouble for me
somewhere, somehow.
now it is done,
and i feel just like
the grandmothers who,
after the hussy has gone,
sit holding her photograph
and sighing, wasn’t she
beautiful? wasn’t she beautiful?
Clifton’s poems are clean as bones. Insightful and unflinching, her language is casual as she most sincerely addresses her womb in Poem to my Uterus and wonders where she can go without it, her black bag of desire. You know, the way something is described to you can have a huge impact on how you perceive it. Women have always been fed the same line – that once they enter menopause it’s game over, they are no longer of any use to society, they become undesirable, invisible. This is another one of those myths Adrienne Rich was talking about; we perceive menopause as bad. Clifton doesn’t view the loss of her uterus as the end; she might not know yet where she’s going but she’s going somewhere, she’s still a woman. Her femininity will be changed but not lost. Echoing Rich who alone, dove into the wreck of womanhood and Sexton, who alone rode into the fires of ignorance, Clifton must now walk alone and barefoot into a new future beyond roles and stereotypes and without her old girl – beyond sexuality:
you uterus
you have been patient
as a sock
while i have slippered into you
my dead and living children
they want to cut you out
stocking i will not need
where i am going
old girl
my bloody print
my oestrogen kitchen
my black bag of desire
where can i go
where can you go
So there you have it, a whistle-stop tour of feminism! When I was younger, anytime any woman appeared on TV talking about women’s rights, the males in my household would roll their eyes and change the channel and being an impressionable child, I found myself doing the same thing! But the lonely voices for gender equality: Bell Hooks, Coreta Scott King (wife of Martin Luther who devoted her life to civil rights work), Betty Friedan, Yoko Ono, Gloria Steinham and Germaine Greer have now become a symphony of millions of men and women fighting to change our oppressive society from the inside. Members of the Men’s Rights Movement, which originated as a backlash against feminism have become the Pro-Feminist Men’s Rights Movement, because they too see that patriarchy reinforces unequal gender relations. Pro-feminist men are involved in anti-violence work with boys; counselling male perpetuators of violence and supporting anti-pornography legislation. Social media, has been instrumental in highlighting the sexism, discrimination and injustice faced by women on a daily basis. #yesallwomen was set up in response to #notallmen (asserting not all men are sexist) because all women are subject to sexism, and it’s used by women throughout social media to share experiences of sexism and harassment. Sexism and misogyny are so normalised, so insidious in our society that we sometimes fail to notice it or we question, when we feel uncomfortable about something, whether it‘s really happening. The everyday feminism project, set up by feminist writer Laura Bates, raises awareness of women’s experiences by cataloguing instances of sexism faced by women around the world on a daily basis. Notwithstanding the over-sexualisation of women in music and cinema; the fact that Women’s fiction is a sub-genre (Men’s fiction is simply fiction); the gender pay-gap; educational, occupational, political and social inequalities; there are thankfully, a plethora of groups out there empowering young women today. The National Women’s Council Of Ireland provide workshops for young women on leadership, public speaking, media training, body image, self-esteem building. Free To Run is a charity that uses outdoor activities to empower women. Girls Brigade Scotland challenges patriarchal traditions and Hockey Club teaches girls to get up when they fall down, to play fair, to push themselves but help their team-mates. The girls themselves found playing team sports with other girls to be more inclusive, whereas the boys were too aggressive and never passed the ball! We could take that as a clear metaphor for inequality – men refusing to pass the ball.
Our lives aren’t one-dimensional and being a woman isn’t the only identity she possesses. She may be black, Asian, disabled, Islamic, Christian, short, etc and so face many forms of discrimination. Intersectional feminism seeks to understand how sexism relates to race, religion, size, age, appearance. So for example, as well as advocating for the white woman who makes 77c to the man’s Euro, intersectional feminism includes the black woman’s 60c and Hispanic woman’s 54c! But is intersectional feminism broadening the movement too much? Is it creating more labels, separating, classifying, perpetuating the idea of ‘other’, ‘difference’ – which are patriarchal constructs – and creating more confusion and room for disagreement? Actually, this is the problem I have with feminism. It’s become so fractured leaving many women afraid to identify as feminist for fear of being scorned by whichever brand of feminism they are not aligned with. For instance, are you a liberal feminist or a radical one? Do you want a seat at the patriarchal table or would you rather smash it to pieces? Are you an eco-feminist or a theological one? Do you believe pornography is exploitative or see it as a way for women to express themselves sexually? Do you believe that transgender women, having enjoyed the privileges of men, should now be recognised as female? There are over 100million women living with the consequences of Female Genital Mutilation (cutting of female genitalia) does feminism fight this human rights abuse or would that be an attack on cultural identity? The latter, according to Germaine Greer who has always been critical of the imposition of Western attitudes on the rest of the world.
Can feminism advocate for all marginalised groups? If the answer is yes, then I believe that women will always be seen as a sub-category, a minority group and will always experience sexism. Maybe I’m wrong, but feminism started out as advocating for the equal rights of women, ALL women. We’re not there yet. Just look at how much ground has been lost since the recent Trump presidency. His Global Gag Rule –that’s the withdrawing of funding for NGO’s providing information, counselling or abortion services – will wipe out any assistance to women in countries like India where the US invests $16m in health programmes, or Latin American where 13% of maternal deaths are the result of botched back-street abortions. On a more positive note, before I conclude, on International Women’s day last month, Iceland announced it will be the first country in the world to make employers prove they offer equal pay regardless of gender, ethnicity, sexuality or nationality. You have to hand it to Social Affairs Minister Thorsteinn Viglundsson who said ‘you have to be bold in the fight against injustice.’
I think feminism, as a movement, needs to stick to the plan. Then, going forward as equals, men and women can work together on securing a greater equality for all of humanity, through another movement, something akin to Humanism. Is it foolish to envisage a world within which every gender, race, religion, physicality is equal, a world without minorities, where markers of difference are opportunities for unity? Is humanism a castle in the sky? If it is, then maybe feminism could be the foundation we put underneath it.
You might enjoy reading work from other feminist poets such as: Alice Walker, Carol Ann Duffy, Margaret Atwood, Susan Howe, Muriel Rukeyser, Medbh McGuckian and Louise Gluck.
Music today from: Nina Simone, Kate Bush, Patti Smith, Anthony & The Johnsons, The Gloaming, Aretha Franklin, Caged Bird Sings, John Spillane & Eric Serra.
https://etudesirlandaises.revues.org/3183http://d.lib.rochester.edu/teams/text/shuffelton-codex-ashmole-61-how-the-good-wife-taught-her-daughter-introductionhttp://wordsnquotes.com/post/99722793438/carolyn-kizer-a-pioneer-in-feminist-poetry-dieshttp://www.boxturtlebulletin.com/tag/kirk-murphyhttps://www.morganmckinley.ie/article/irish-gender-pay-gap-stands-20-according-morgan-mckinley-studyhttp://www.thejournal.ie/women-talent-bank-gender-balance-state-boards-1588110-Jul2014/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-life/11830018/French-feminists-hijack-Paris-street-signs-to-celebrate-women.html
The Guardian – Jessa Crispin 2017
http://www.biography.com/news/hidden-figures-movie-real-women
http://www.ecstatic-awakenings.com/womb-awakening/
Posted in 2017, activism, adrienne rich, alice walker, america, arts, Audre Lorde, castles, charles simic, culture, eavan boland, equal rights, equality, feminism, frida kahlo, gender equality, heritage, history, homosexuality, hope, inspirational, irish literature, irish poets, kate bush, liberation, literature, love, lucille clifton, meaningful, media, music, patriarchy, poems, poetry, poetry on air, poets, politics, radmila lazic, radmilla lazic, reading, soul, soulful, spoken word, suffrage, tracy gaughan, westwords, women, words, writing and tagged activism, adrienne rich, alice walker, anne sexton, body, books, carolyn kizer, chimananda ngozi adichie, creative writing, culture, eavan boland, equal rights, equality, female, femininity, feminism, gender, history, intersectional feminism, ireland, irish poetry, liberal, liberation, literature, lucille clifton, music, nature, patriarchy, poem, poems, poetry, politics, radical, radmila lazic, reading, tracy gaughan, women, women's rights, writing on 2017-03-29 by wordsfm. Leave a comment
Poetry and Politics
So where does dreamy poetry meet gritty politics? Well according to English poet Percy Shelley in his essay In Defence Of Poetry ’Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world’ , what does he mean? That poets have some sort of moral power or influence? I think what he means is that poets are not just writing poems, just like politicians are not just making laws, but they’re both engaged in imagining new ways of perceiving and being in this world of ours.
So in this way, passion and emotion run deep in both poetry and politics, appealing to the sense that things could be otherwise. Both are concerned with values, rights and nationhood. Rhetoric is a big deal, the basic purpose of political rhetoric is to move men to action or alliance, poetry moves us in emotional, individualistic and immeasurable ways.
Poets are in the business of communication and expression, and have always invoked controversy for their social and political commentary. Politicians use poetry to their advantage too, in terms of speech-writing say. A little bit of flair can make any speech artistic and create lines that will be remembered for generations. Think of JFK’s inaugural speech “Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country”. Style is substance in political speech writing and poetry with it’s imagery and rhythm can strike the right chord. Poetry has always been read at Presidential inaugurations, JFK had Robert Frost; Bill Clinton had Maya Angelou and Obama had Elizabeth Alexander and here in Ireland we went a step further, and got a two-for-one offer in our poet-president Michael D Higgins!
Political poetry is a poetry of social concern and conscience, a way to exercise ones right to freedom of expression, which is what today’s poets have done.
In his poem Negro, Langston Hughes gives us a gripping account of the African-American experience through history. Hughes confronted racial stereotypes and his African-American themes made him a primary contributor to the Harlem renaissance of the 1920’s. He wrote the poem around the time of the birth of the civil rights movement, a time of racial pride. It is a direct and comprehensible lesson in black history, violent and oppressive yes, but this is a vital culture, central to the development of the world as we know it, the sense of pride is palpable, I am a negro, black like the depths of my Africa, powerful, there’s a huge freedom there and still a hope for that oft elusive future.
From his prison cell, the romantic communist poet Nazim Hikmet urges us to live life as if there’s nothing named death. Hikmet was a Turkish poet, playwright, novelist and memoirist. He was repeatedly arrested for his political beliefs and spent much of his adult life either in prison or in exile in Russia. Why did I choose him? Well he was a rebel, a romantic and he stood up for his beliefs, whatever the consequence – which was usually incarceration. His poem On Living, informed in part by his communist leanings, and the length of time he spent behind bars, is concerned with the politics of living; working at ones life as one would an occupation; making it as passionate and fulfilling as possible – living is no laughing matter he says, whatever our circumstances we must live as if we will never die.
Jean-Paul Satre once said ‘Everything has been figured out, except how to live’, but here Hikmet urges us to be happy, achieve our potential, never let our fears or societal expectations hold us back. Our purpose, as is sees it, is to live life, not just look for the meaning in it. For one day this world will grow cold.
We also read The Mother, today, recollecting the emotions aroused by the Easter rising, from Irish revolutionary poet Patrick Pearse. The Rising was an insurrection in Dublin of about 1,200 men and women from the Irish Volunteers, Irish Citizen Army and the women’s group, Cuman na mBan. They were fighting for independence from the UK and although the rebellion failed, it did pave the way for the creation of a free state six years later. The rising was led by intellectuals and artists – sixteen of them were executed including the teacher & poet Patrick Pearse whose poem The Mother, written the night before he died, describes a mother’s thoughts on the death of her two sons (both Patrick and his younger brother Willie were executed). Why this poem above other rebel poems of the rising? Well it’s intensely emotional, it’s the Irish the mother thing, we all know they live for their children.
Political poetry does more than just arouse feeling, it can take us right into the heart of society, it will always be there to remind us where we are, who we are, to move us, to offer solace, to carry news, sometimes that news inspires, sometimes it enrages – ‘Mad Ireland hurt you into poetry’ Auden wrote in his elegy for Yeats and as we’ve seen from Hikmet and communism to Chinese revolution and Irish rebellion, from Shelley after Peterloo in 1819 who said ‘ye are many and they are few’, Gil Scot Heron ‘the revolution will not be televised’ it seems that politics has hurt a lot of poets into poetical response.
One of the penalties for refusing to participate in politics, is that you end up being governed by your inferiors.
Also on the show: Adrienne Rich, Li Young Lee, Muriel Rukeyser along with music from The WaterBoys, Sam Cooke, Billie Holiday & John Grant.
Posted in 2016, adrienne rich, america, arts, civil war, community radio, culture, dublin, equality, exile, fear, feminism, fiction, writing,, heritage, history, hope, immigration, irish literature, langston hughes, Li Young Lee, literature, longing, love, meaningful, mise eire, muriel rukeyser, music, nazim hikmet, patrick pearse, poems, poetry, poetry on air, poets, poets revolution, politics, radio, soul, soulful, spoken word, tracy gaughan, Uncategorized, war, westwords, wh auden, words, writing and tagged 1916, adrienne rich, art, arts, bill withers, billie holiday, cat stevens, crosby stills nash and young, culture, easter rising, john grant, katie kim, langston hughes, Li Young Lee, literature, living with war, meeropol, mise eire, muriel rukeyser, music, nazim hikmet, on living, patrick cassidy, patrick pearse, peace train, poems, poetry, poets, poets revolution, radio, sam cooke, sibeal, the mother, the waterboys, tracy gaughan, Trees, turkey, westwords, words, wordsfm, writing, yeats on 2016-09-12 by wordsfm. Leave a comment
Hope Floats
There is surely a future hope for you, and your hope will not be cut off. – Proverbs 23:18
Our show today is all about HOPE. A salv to last weeks poetry of FEAR we’ll take a slightly more optimistic attitude of mind to look at what role hope plays in our lives. The things we hope for in people, politics, health and in society. Puritan American poet Emily Dickinson famously called HOPE
The thing with feathers
That perches in the soul
And sings the tune without the words
And never stops at all
Creating a beautiful metaphorical description of hope as a bird singing in the soul. And it’s interesting she does that because two symbols of hope that come to mind are the Dove and the Swallow, the swallow being the first bird to appear at the end of Winter, heralding the beginning of Spring. She goes on:
And sweetest – in the Gale – is heard –
And sore must be the storm –
That could abash the little Bird
That kept so many warm –
I’ve heard it in the chillest land –
And on the strangest Sea –
Yet – never – in Extremity,
It asked a crumb – of me.
Meaning that nothing, not even the worst hardship or storm could weaken the strength and resolve of the human spirit of HOPE. So with the help of our featured poets we’ll be looking at the places we might expect to find hope, or where we may be surprised to find it with Lisel Mueller. It is spiritual and physical we are surrounded by it. ‘It hovers in the dark corners’ she says, it’s hope that’s in the earthworm segment, the dogs tail, ‘it drops’ she says ‘from the mushroom gills.’ Sometimes it hides in these places making it difficult for us to maintain hope in tough times, but it is there, inventing our future, inspiring us, it is she says ‘the singular gift we cannot destroy in ourselves’. Meaning hope is intrinsic to life. It is our survival mechanism.
Khaled Mattawa reminds us that it was the hope of a better future that kick-started the Arab Spring five years ago. Young people in the Middle East and North Africa led a major uprising demanding political, economic and social change. In the early days of the revolution, Mattawa wrote ‘Now that we have tasted hope, we would sooner die than seek any other taste to life’. Hope in the sense of it being a provocative day-dream as opposed to a passive one, people were not content to just accept the bad that exists. It’s true that many cities involved in the uprisings were left traumatised and beleaguered, and fatal mistakes were made, but there were victories, not just ends, but beginnings, evidence that sometimes we can win, hope and encouragement to keep going.
Irish poet Derek Mahon reconciles the shadow and the light to reassure us that despite the worst that is certain to happen, everything is going to be alright.
You know hope can an have impact on everything from health to work to personal meaning. And as we’ve learned from our poets today, the hard times are going to come but as Emily Dickinson said, it would take some sore storm to abash the bird of hope. But when I think of Ernest Dowson’s poem on how fleeting life and everything in it is, I just wonder how much it really matters whether we choose hope or despair, neither are wrong, they each reflect human feeling. Story-teller Maria Kallman says We hope. We despair. We hope. We despair. This is what governs us. We have a bipolar system. And I suppose, at the end of the day, we do whatever we can to get ourselves through situations. I know for me anyway I can’t be positive everyday, but on those days, when I can’t be hopeful that everything is getting better I try, at least, to hope that everything is not getting any worse.
Hope is important, because it can make the present moment, less difficult to bear. If we believe that tomorrow will be better, then we can bear a hardship today.
Music today from Glen Hansard, Foy Vance, India Arie and more ….
Posted in arts, community radio, culture, fiction, writing,, heart, hope, inspirational, irish literature, irish poets, literature, love, meaningful, music, poems, poetry, poets, radio, soul, soulful, tracy gaughan, westwords, words, writing and tagged arts, culture, derek mahon, devotchka, emily dickinson, ernest dowson, foy vance, glen hansard, india arie, josh ritter, khaled mattawa, lisel mueller, literature, love, music, paulo nutini, poems, poetry, poets, radio, randall jarrell, seasick steve, selima hill, thich nhat hahn, thievery corporation, tracy gaughan, westwords, words, wordsfm, writing on 2016-07-18 by wordsfm. Leave a comment
Life’s A Birch!
Cong (c) TG
The poetry & music of the Trees with Linda Pastan, Lloyd Schwartz, Ben Howard & Paulo Nutini.
Posted in arts, culture, fiction, writing,, heart, inspirational, irish literature, irish poets, literature, love, meaningful, music, poems, poetry, poets, radio, richard hawley, soul, soulful, tracy gaughan, Trees, westwords, winter, words, writing and tagged autumn leaves, ben howard, faiz ahmed faiz, heart of oak, howard moss, john farragher, john grant, leaves, linda pastan, lloyd schwartz, michael davitt, paulo nutini, the staves, Trees, yves montand on 2016-04-09 by wordsfm. Leave a comment
The Poetry & Music of Men
Today we’re looking at the theme of Men so we’ll be doing man stuff like taking out the trash with Charles Bukowski, a bit of carpentry with Carl Denis and reading about the softer side of a man’s nature with Adam Waterhouse and Cecil Day-Lewis. Music today comes from Leonard Cohen, Josh Ritter and Mark Knopfler.
photo credit: <a href=”http://www.flickr.com/photos/75750266@N08/9030416059″>PEM-EBA-GP00251 Fire unge menn på Storgatbakken (?), Tromsø</a> via <a href=”http://photopin.com”>photopin</a> <a href=”https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/”>(license)</a>
Posted in Andrew Waterhouse, art, arts, Carl Dennis, Cecil Day Lewis, charles bukowski, community radio, culture, dorianne laux, fiction, writing,, heart, irish literature, irish poets, leonard cohen, Li Young Lee, literature, meaningful, music, poems, poetry, poets, radio, soul, soulful, tracy gaughan, westwords, words, writing and tagged Andrew Waterhouse, Carl Dennis, Cecil Day Lewis, charles bukowski, charlie winston, dorianne laux, josh ritter, leonard cohen, Li Young Lee, literature, mark knopfler, monteleone, poetry, poets, the flaming lips, words, writing on 2016-03-19 by wordsfm. Leave a comment
WestWords Perfect Christmas Pair
Contemporary Irish Poet, Paul Durcan was born in 1944 in Dublin, he grew up both there, and in Turlough, Co. Mayo. He studied Law at UCD and Archaeology at UCC and has been publishing his poetry since the late 1960s. Durcan won the Whitbred Poetry Prize in 1990 and has collaborated with musicians Michael O’Suilleabhain and Van Morrison. He is also a member of Aosdana, an honorary membership of living artists established by the Arts Council in 1981. A winter favourite, its:
GOING HOME TO MAYO, WINTER 1949
By Paul Durcan
Leaving behind us the alien, foreign city of Dublin
My father drove through the night in an old Ford Anglia,
His five-year-old son in the seat beside him,
The rexine seat of red leatherette,
And a yellow moon peered in through the windscreen.
‘Daddy, Daddy,’ I cried, ‘Pass out the moon,’
But no matter how hard he drove he could not pass out the moon.
Each town we passed through was another milestone
And their names were magic passwords into eternity:
Kilcock, Kinnegad, Strokestown, Elphin,
Tarmonbarry, Tulsk, Ballaghaderreen, Ballavarry;
Now we were in Mayo and the next stop was Turlough,
The village of Turlough in the heartland of Mayo,
And my father’s mother’s house, all oil-lamps and women,
And my bedroom over the public bar below,
And in the morning cattle-cries and cock-crows:
Life’s seemingly seamless garment and gorgeously rent
By their screeches and bellowings. And in the evenings
I walked with my father in the high grass down by the river
Talking with him – an unheard of thing in the city.
But home was not home and the moon could be no more outflanked
than the daylight nightmare of Dublin city:
Back down along the canal we chugged into the city
And each lock-gate tolled our mutual doom;
And railings and palings and asphalt and traffic-lights,
And blocks after blocks of so-called ‘new’ tenements –
Thousands of crosses of loneliness’s planted
In the narrowing grave of the life of the father;
In the wide, wide cemetery of the boy’s childhood.
HAPPY CHRISTMAS EVERYBODY!
Posted in art, arts, childhood, community radio, culture, irish literature, irish poets, literature, music, paul durcan, poems, poetry, poets, radio, soulful, tracy gaughan, winter, words, writing and tagged childhood, christmas, december song, george michael, going home to mayo, memories, tracy gaughan on 2015-12-24 by wordsfm. Leave a comment
Yes: Molly Bloom And The Female Word
Tomorrow is June 16th, the day in 1904 that the events of James Joyce’s novel Ulysses take place and when Joycean’s all over the world will be celebrating Bloomsday! Joyce was an Irish novelist and poet, born in Dublin in 1882. He earned a BA from UCD with a focus on modern languages (he was conversant in 17 including Arabic and Norwegian!); met and married Galway woman Nora Barnacle with whom he left Ireland in 1904 for Europe – where they lived until Joyce’s death in Switzerland in 1941. His best known works are the early short story collection Dubliners; A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man; the play Exiles and poetry collections Chamber Music, Gas From A Burner and Ecce Puer.
Despite Ulysses, being banned for many years in the UK and US due to it’s explicit prose, it was Joyce’s landmark novel, published in Paris in 1922. A modern retelling of Homer’s Odyssey the story recounts a single day in Dublin: June 16, 1904 and sets the characters and incidents of the Odyssey in modern Dublin, representing Ulysses, Penelope and Telemachus in the characters of Leopold Bloom, his wife Molly Bloom and Stephen Dedalus. The final episode is the most notorious and Molly has the last word. In her closing soliloquy, she muses, in graphic detail, on love and life and sex. She closes with Yes – a word that Joyce described as the female word, that he said indicated acquiescence, self-abandon, relaxation and the end of all resistance. A passionate sexual woman – go Molly! Here’s an abridged version with a musical interpretation by English singer/songwriter Kate Bush:
…I love flowers I’d love to have the whole place swimming in roses God of heaven there’s nothing like nature the wild mountains then the sea and the waves rushing then the beautiful country with fields of oats and wheat and all kinds of things and all the fine cattle going about that would do your heart good to see rivers and lakes and flowers all sorts of shapes and smells and colours springing up even out of the ditches primroses and violets nature it is as for them saying there’s no God I wouldn’t give a snap of my two fingers for all their learning why don’t they go and create something I often asked him atheists or whatever they call themselves go and wash the cobbles off themselves first then they go howling for the priest and they dying and why why because they’re afraid of hell on account of their bad conscience ah yes I know them well who was the first person in the universe before there was anybody that made it all who ah that they don’t know neither do I so there you are they might as well try to stop the sun from rising tomorrow the sun shines for you he said the day we were lying among the rhododendrons on Howth head in the grey tweed suit and his straw hat the day I got him to propose to me yes first I gave him the bit of seedcake out of my mouth and it was leapyear like now yes 16 years ago my God after that long kiss I near lost my breath yes he said I was a flower of the mountain yes so we are flowers all a womans body yes that was one true thing he said in his life and the sun shines for you today yes that was why I liked him because I saw he understood or felt what a woman is and I knew I could always get round him and I gave him all the pleasure I could leading him on till he asked me to say yes and I wouldnt answer first only looked out over the sea and the sky I was thinking of so many things he didnt know of Mulvey and Mr Stanhope and Hester and father and old captain Groves and the sailors playing all birds fly and I say stoop and washing up dishes they called it on the pier and the sentry in front of the governors house with the thing round his white helmet poor devil half roasted and the Spanish girls laughing in their shawls and their tall combs and the auctions in the morning the Greeks and the jews and the Arabs and the devil knows who else from all the ends of Europe and Duke street and the fowl market all clucking outside Larby Sharons and the poor donkeys slipping half asleep and the vague fellows in the cloaks asleep in the shade on the steps and the big wheels of the carts of the bulls and the old castle thousands of years old yes and those handsome Moors all in white and turbans like kings asking you to sit down in their little bit of a shop and Ronda with the old windows of the posadas 2 glancing eyes a lattice hid for her lover to kiss the iron and the wineshops half open at night and the castanets and the night we missed the boat at Algeciras the watchman going about serene with his lamp and O that awful deepdown torrent O and the sea the sea crimson sometimes like fire and the glorious sunsets and the figtrees in the Alameda gardens yes and all the queer little streets and the pink and blue and yellow houses and the rosegardens and the jessamine and geraniums and cactuses and Gibraltar as a girl where I was a Flower of the mountain yes when I put the rose in my hair like the Andalusian girls used or shall I wear a red yes and how he kissed me under the Moorish wall and I thought well as well him as another and then I asked him with my eyes to ask again yes and then he asked me would I yes to say yes my mountain flower and first I put my arms around him yes and drew him down to me so he could feel my breasts all perfume yes and his heart was going like mad and yes I said yes I will Yes.
Posted in arts, bloomsday, chamber music, culture, dedalus, dublin, dubliners, flower, homer, irish literature, james joyce, kate bush, molly bloom, odyssey, portrait of the artist as a young man, sensual world, soliloquy, ulysses, writing and tagged arts, bloomsday, culture, dublin, homer's odyssey, irish literature, james joyce, kate bush, literature, molly bloom, penelope, prose, sensual world, ulysses, writing on 2015-06-15 by wordsfm. Leave a comment
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1927
|
__label__cc
| 0.520591
| 0.479409
|
Sample records for alkaline treatment conditions
Optimization of Saccharification Conditions of Lignocellulosic Biomass under Alkaline Pre-Treatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis
Rafał �ukajtis
Full Text Available Pre-treatment is a significant step in the production of second-generation biofuels from waste lignocellulosic materials. Obtaining biofuels as a result of fermentation processes requires appropriate pre-treatment conditions ensuring the highest possible degree of saccharification of the feed material. An influence of the following process parameters were investigated for alkaline pre-treatment of Salix viminalis L.: catalyst concentration (NaOH, temperature, pre-treatment time and granulation. For this purpose, experiments were carried out in accordance to the Box-Behnken design for four factors. In the saccharification process of the pre-treated biomass, cellulolytic enzymes immobilized on diatomaceous earth were used. Based on the obtained results, a mathematical model for the optimal conditions of alkaline pre-treatment prediction is proposed. The optimal conditions of alkaline pre-treatment are established as follows: granulation 0.75 mm, catalyst concentration 7%, pre-treatment time 6 h and temperature 65 °C if the saccharification efficiency and cost analysis are considered. An influence of the optimized pre-treatment on both the chemical composition and structural changes for six various lignocellulosic materials (energetic willow, energetic poplar, beech, triticale, meadow grass, corncobs was investigated. SEM images of raw and pre-treated biomass samples are included in order to follow the changes in the biomass structure during hydrolysis.
Biological treatment of refinery spent caustics under halo-alkaline conditions.
de Graaff, Marco; Bijmans, Martijn F M; Abbas, Ben; Euverink, Gert-J W; Muyzer, Gerard; Janssen, Albert J H
The present research demonstrates the biological treatment of refinery sulfidic spent caustics in a continuously fed system under halo-alkaline conditions (i.e. pH 9.5; Na(+)= 0.8M). Experiments were performed in identical gas-lift bioreactors operated under aerobic conditions (80-90% saturation) at 35°C. Sulfide loading rates up to 27 mmol L(-1)day(-1) were successfully applied at a HRT of 3.5 days. Sulfide was completely converted into sulfate by the haloalkaliphilic sulfide-oxidizing bacteria belonging to the genus Thioalkalivibrio. Influent benzene concentrations ranged from 100 to 600 μM. At steady state, benzene was removed by 93% due to high stripping efficiencies and biodegradation. Microbial community analysis revealed the presence of haloalkaliphilic heterotrophic bacteria belonging to the genera Marinobacter, Halomonas and Idiomarina which might have been involved in the observed benzene removal. The work shows the potential of halo-alkaliphilic bacteria in mitigating environmental problems caused by alkaline waste. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Ability of possible DMS precursors to release DMS during wine aging and in the conditions of heat-alkaline treatment.
Segurel, Marie A; Razungles, Alain J; Riou, Christophe; Trigueiro, Mafalda G L; Baumes, Raymond L
The origin of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) produced during wine aging was examined through different assays. The production of DMS during the model aging of a wine and the concomitant decrease of residual potential DMS (PDMS), as DMS released by heat-alkaline treatment in 0.5 M sodium hydroxide at 100 degrees C for 1 h, were demonstrated. Then, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), methionine sulfoxide (MSO), S-methylmethionine (SMM), and dimethylsulfonium propanoic acid (DMSPA), reported previously as possible DMS precursors, were investigated for their ability to be DMS precursors in wine in the conditions of this model aging and of the heat-alkaline treatment. The results showed that DMSO, MSO, and DMSPA could hardly be DMS precursors in the conditions used, whereas SMM appeared to be a good candidate. Finally, the use of [(2)H(6)]-DMSPA as an internal standard for PDMS determination was proposed, because it provided better reproducibility than [(2)H(6)]-DMS used as an external standard.
Arsenic in an alkaline AMD treatment sludge: Characterization and stability under prolonged anoxic conditions
Beauchemin, Suzanne; Fiset, Jean-Francois; Poirier, Glenn; Ablett, James
Lime treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) generates large volumes of neutralization sludge that are often stored under water covers. The sludge consists mainly of calcite, gypsum and a widespread ferrihydrite-like Fe phase with several associated species of metal(loid) contaminants. The long-term stability of metal(loid)s in this chemically ill-defined material remains unknown. In this study, the stability and speciation of As in AMD sludge subjected to prolonged anoxic conditions is determined. The total As concentration in the sludge is 300 mg kg -1 . In the laboratory, three distinct water cover treatments were imposed on the sludge to induce different redox conditions (100%N 2 , 100%N 2 + glucose, 95%N 2 :5%H 2 ). These treatments were compared against a control of oxidized, water-saturated sludge. Electron micro-probe (EMP) analysis and spatially resolved synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SXRF) results indicate that As is dominantly associated with Fe in the sludge. In all treatments and throughout the experiment, measured concentrations of dissolved As were less than 5 μg L -1 . Dissolved Mn concentration in the N 2 + glucose treatment increased significantly compared to other treatments. Manganese and As K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) analyses showed that Mn was the redox-active element in the solid-phase, while As was stable. Arsenic(V) was still the dominant species in all water-covered sludges after 9 months of anoxic treatments. In contrast, Mn(IV) in the original sludge was partially reduced into Mn(II) in all water-covered sludges. The effect was most pronounced in the N 2 + glucose treatment, suggesting microbial reduction. Micro-scale SXRF and XANES analysis of the treated sludge showed that Mn(II) accumulated in areas already enriched in Fe and As. Overall, the study shows that AMD sludges remain stable under prolonged anoxic conditions. External sources of chemical reductants or soluble C were needed to induce
Effect of heat treatment conditions on the passivation behavior of WE43C Mg–Y–Nd alloy in chloride containing alkaline environments
Jakraphan Ninlachart
Full Text Available Mg–Y–Nd alloy (WE43C or Elektron 43 is a heat treatable magnesium wrought alloy that can be used up to 250 °C for aerospace application. This alloy has excellent mechanical properties (UTS: up to 345 MPa at room temperature and improved corrosion resistance. Electrochemical passivation studies were conducted on this alloy under different heat treatment conditions in 0.1 M NaOH solution with the addition of chloride from 0 to 1000 ppm. The passive potential range typically extended to more than 1.5 VAg/AgCl. The transpassive potential was not dependent on the heat treatment condition of the alloy when the chloride concentration increased up to 500 ppm. However, pitting protection potential varied with the heat treatment condition when the chloride addition was 500 ppm or more. The specimen surface was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, and Raman spectroscopy to understand the passivation behavior of this alloy. The passivated surface of the WE43C specimens indicated that the surface layer consisted of MgO, Mg(OH2, and rare earth oxide phases, and the heat treatment conditions did not significantly affect the composition of the surface film.
Metal Distribution and Mobility under alkaline conditions
Dario, Maarten
The adsorption of an element, expressed as its distribution between liquid (aquatic) and solid phases in the bio geosphere, largely determines its mobility and transport properties. This is of fundamental importance in the assessment of the performance of e.g. geologic repositories for hazardous elements like radionuclides. Geologic repositories for low and intermediate level nuclear waste will most likely be based on concrete constructions in a suitable bedrock, leading to a local chemical environment with pH well above 12. At this pH metal adsorption is very high, and thus the mobility is hindered. Organic complexing agents, such as natural humic matter from the ground and in the groundwater, as well as components in the waste (cleaning agents, degradation products from ion exchange resins and cellulose, cement additives etc.) would affect the sorption properties of the various elements in the waste. Trace element migration from a cementitious repository through the pH- and salinity gradient created around the repository would be affected by the presence and creation of particulate matter (colloids) that may serve as carriers that enhance the mobility. The objective of this thesis was to describe and quantify the sorption of some selected elements representative of spent nuclear fuel (Eu, Am) and other heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Hg) in a clay/cement environment (pH 10-13) and in the pH-gradient outside this environment. The potential of organic complexing agents and colloids to enhance metal migration was also investigated. It was shown that many organic ligands are able to reduce trace metal sorption under these conditions. It was not possible to calculate the effect of well-defined organic ligands on the metal sorption in a cement environment by using stability constants from the literature. A simple method for comparing the effect of different complexing agents on metal sorption is, however, suggested. The stability in terms of the particle size of suspended
Application conditions for ester cured alkaline phenolic resin sand
Ren-he Huang
Full Text Available Five organic esters with different curing speeds: propylene carbonate (i.e. high-speed ester A; 1, 4-butyrolactone; glycerol triacetate (i.e. medium-speed ester B; glycerol diacetate; dibasic ester (DBE (i.e. low-speed ester C, were chosen to react with alkaline phenolic resin to analyze the application conditions of ester cured alkaline phenolic resin. The relationships between the curing performances of the resin (including pH value, gel pH value, gel time of resin solution, heat release rate of the curing reaction and tensile strength of the resin sand and the amount of added organic ester and curing temperature were investigated. The results indicated the following: (1 The optimal added amount of organic ester should be 25wt.%-30wt.% of alkaline phenolic resin and it must be above 20wt.%-50 wt.% of the organic ester hydrolysis amount. (2 High-speed ester A (propylene carbonate has a higher curing speed than 1, 4-butyrolactone, and they were both used as high-speed esters. Glycerol diacetate is not a high-speed ester in alkaline phenolic resin although it was used as a high-speed ester in ester cured sodium silicate sand; glycerol diacetate and glycerol triacetate can be used as medium-speed esters in alkaline phenolic resin. (3 High-speed ester A, medium-speed ester B (glycerol triacetate and low-speed ester C (dibasic ester, i.e., DBE should be used below 15 ìC, 35 ìC and 50 ìC, respectively. High-speed ester A or low-speed ester C should not be used alone but mixed with medium-speed ester B to improve the strength of the resin sand. (4 There should be a suitable solid content (generally 45wt.%-65wt.% of resin, alkali content (generally 10wt.%-15wt.% of resin and viscosity of alkaline phenolic resin (generally 50-300 mPa≤s in the preparation of alkaline phenolic resin. Finally, the technique conditions of alkaline phenolic resin preparation and the application principles of organic ester were discussed.
Growth of microbial mixed cultures under anaerobic, alkaline conditions
Wenk, M.
Cement and concrete are the most important engineered barrier materials in a repository for low- and intermediate-level waste and thus represent the most significant component of the total disposal inventory. Based on the chemical composition of the concrete used in the repository and the groundwater fluxes in the modelled host rock, it is to be expected that the pH in the near vicinity of the repository could exceed a value of 10.5 for more than a million years. The groundwater in the repository environment also has a limited carbon concentration. Since microorganisms will be present in a repository and can even find suitable living conditions within the waste itself, investigations were carried out in order to establish the extent to which microbial activity is possible under the extreme conditions of the repository near-field. For the investigations, alkalophilic cultures were enriched from samples from alkaline habitats and from Valanginian Marl. Anaerobic bacteria with fermentative, sulfate-reducing and methanogenic metabolism were selected. The growth and activity of the mixed cultures were studied under alkaline conditions and the dependence on pH and carbon concentration determined. All the mixed cultures investigated are alkalophilic. The optimum growth range for the cultures is between pH 9.0 and pH 10.0. The activity limit for the fermentative mixed culture is at pH 12, for the sulfate-reducers at pH 11 and for the methanogens at pH 10.5. Given the limited supply of carbon, the mixed cultures can only grow under slightly alkaline conditions. Only the fermentative cultures are capable of surviving with limited carbon supply at pH 13. (author) 24 figs., 18 tabs., 101 refs
Feasibility study of an alkaline-based chemical treatment for the purification of polyhydroxybutyrate produced by a mixed enriched culture
Jiang, Y.; Mikova, G.; Kleerebezem, R.; van der Wielen, L.A.M.; Cuellar, M.C.
This study focused on investigating the feasibility of purifying polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from mixed culture biomass by alkaline-based chemical treatment. The PHB-containing biomass was enriched on acetate under non-sterile conditions. Alkaline treatment (0.2Â M NaOH) together with surfactant SDS
Jiang, Y.; Mikova, G.; Kleerebezem, R.; Van der Wielen, L.A.M.; Cuellar Soares, M.C.
This study focused on investigating the feasibility of purifying polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from mixed culture biomass by alkaline-based chemical treatment. The PHB-containing biomass was enriched on acetate under non-sterile conditions. Alkaline treatment (0.2 M NaOH) together with surfactant SDS
Osteomalacia with low alkaline phosphatase: a not so rare condition with important consequences.
Belkhouribchia, Jamal; Bravenboer, Bert; Meuwissen, Marije; Velkeniers, Brigitte
Hypophosphatasia is a genetic disorder, characterised by a dysfunctional tissue-non-specific isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase that impacts bone metabolism and predisposes to osteomalacia or rickets. The clinical presentation is very diverse, depending on the age of onset and the severity of the disease. Several forms of hypophosphatasia are recognised. We present a case of a 50-year-old woman with low impact fractures and loss of teeth at a young age. She also had a low alkaline phosphatase and was diagnosed with adult hypophosphatasia. Although the severe forms of hypophosphatasia are rather rare, the adult form is thought to occur quite frequently. As this condition is not well known by healthcare professionals, the time to diagnosis and initiation of adequate treatment is often postponed. When encountering a patient with low alkaline phosphatase, low bone density or a history of bone fractures, the possibility of hypophosphatasia should be considered. 2016 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
Evaluation of hydraulic conductivities of bentonite and rock under hyper alkaline and nitrate conditions
Iriya, K.; Fujii, K.; Kubo, H.
The chemical conditions of TRU waste repository were estimated as alkaline conditions effected by cementitious materials. And, some TRU wastes include soluble nitrate salt, we have to consider the repository conditions might be high ionic strength condition leaching of nitrate salt. In this study, experimental studies were carried out to evaluate hydraulic conductivities of bentonite and rock under hyper alkaline and nitrate conditions. The followings results were obtained for bentonite. 1) In the immersion experiments of bentonite in hyper alkaline fluids with and without nitrate, the disappearance of montmorillonite of bentonite was observed and CSH formation was found after 30 days. In hyper alkaline fluid with nitrate, minerals at θ=37 nm by XRD was identified. 2) Significant effects of hyper alkaline on hydraulic conductivity of compacted bentonite were not observed. However, hydraulic conductivities of hyper alkaline fluid with nitrate and ion exchanged bentonite increased. In hyper alkaline with nitrate, more higher hydraulic conductivities of exchanged bentonite were measured. The followings results were obtained for rock. 1) In the immersion experiments of crushed tuff in hyper alkaline fluids with and without nitrate, CSH and CASH phases were observed. 2) The hydraulic conductivity of tuff in hyper alkaline fluids decreased gradually. Finally, hyper alkaline flow in tuff stopped after 2 months and hyper alkaline flow with nitrate stopped shorter than without nitrate. In the results of analysis of tuff after experiment, we could identified secondary minerals, but we couldn't find the clogging evidence of pores in tuff by secondary minerals. (author)
Metal mobilization under alkaline conditions in ash-covered tailings.
Lu, Jinmei; Alakangas, Lena; Wanhainen, Christina
The aim of this study was to determine element mobilization and accumulation in mill tailings under alkaline conditions. The tailings were covered with 50 cm of fly ash, and above a sludge layer. The tailings were geochemically and mineralogically investigated. Sulfides, such as pyrrhotite, sphalerite and galena along with gangue minerals such as dolomite, calcite, micas, chlorite, epidote, Mn-pyroxene and rhodonite were identified in the unoxidized tailings. The dissolution of the fly ash layer resulted in a high pH (close to 12) in the underlying tailings. This, together with the presence of organic matter, increased the weathering of the tailings and mobilization of elements in the uppermost 47 cm of the tailings. All primary minerals were depleted, except quartz and feldspar which were covered by blurry secondary carbonates. Sulfide-associated elements such as Cd, Fe, Pb, S and Zn and silicate-associated elements such as Fe, Mg and Mn were released from the depletion zone and accumulated deeper down in the tailings where the pH decreased to circum-neutral. Sequential extraction suggests that Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, S and Zn were retained deeper down in the tailings and were mainly associated with the sulfide phase. Calcium, Cr, K and Ni released from the ash layer were accumulated in the uppermost depletion zone of the tailings. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Treatment of Alkaline Stripped Effluent in Aerated Constructed Wetlands: Feasibility Evaluation and Performance Enhancement
Keli He
Full Text Available Ammonium stripping has gained increasing interest for nitrogen recovery in anaerobically digested effluents. However, the stripped effluents often still do not meet discharge standards, having high pH and residual pollutants. Constructed wetlands (CWs are an easy to operate ecosystem and have a long history of application in treatment of wastewaters with extreme pH, such as acid mine drainage. However, knowledge of the mechanistic details involved in the use of CWs to treat high alkaline drainage, such as stripped effluent, is insufficient. This study explored the feasibility and effectiveness of using three sub-surface horizontal flow CWs to treat high alkaline stripped effluent (pH > 10. Two intensification strategies—intermittent aeration and effluent recirculation—were evaluated to enhance nitrogen depuration performance. The results show that the treatment of alkaline stripped effluent is feasible due to the high buffering capacity of the wetlands. Effluent recirculation combined with intermittent artificial aeration improves nitrogen removal, with 71% total nitrogen (TN removal. Ammonia volatilization from the surface of the wetlands in high alkaline conditions only contributed to 3% of the total removed ammonium. The microbial abundance and activity had significant diversity for the various enhancement strategies used in the constructed wetland systems. Anammox is an important process for nitrogen removal in CWs treating alkaline stripped effluent, and possible enhancements of this process should be investigated further.
Anditalea andensis ANESC-ST--An Alkaliphilic Halotolerant Bacterium Capable of Electricity Generation under Alkaline-Saline Conditions.
Wei Shi
Full Text Available A great challenge in wastewater bioremediation is the sustained activity of viable microorganisms, which can contribute to the breakdown of waste contaminants, especially in alkaline pH conditions. Identification of extremophiles with bioremediation capability can improve the efficiency of wastewater treatment. Here, we report the discovery of an electrochemically active alkaliphilic halotolerant bacterium, Anditalea andensis ANESC-ST (=CICC10485T=NCCB 100412T, which is capable of generating bioelectricity in alkaline-saline conditions. A. andensis ANESC-ST was shown to grow in alkaline conditions between pH 7.0-11.0 and also under high salt condition (up to 4 wt% NaCl. Electrical output was further demonstrated in microbial fuel cells (MFCs with an average current density of ~0.5 µA/cm2, even under the harsh condition of 4 wt% NaCl and pH 9.0. Subsequent introduction of secreted extracellular metabolites into MFCs inoculated with Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa yielded enhanced electrical output. The ability of A. andensis ANESC-ST to generate energy under alkaline-saline conditions points towards a solution for bioelectricity recovery from alkaline-saline wastewater. This is the first report of A.andensis ANESC-ST producing bioelectricity at high salt concentration and pH.
Tooth enamel sample preparation using alkaline treatment in ESR dosimetry
Yongzeng, Zhou; Jiadong, Wang; Xiaomei, Jia; Ke, Wu; Jianbo, Cong
Tooth enamel sample preparation using alkaline treatment was studied and compared with traditional mechanical method in this paper. 20 adult teeth were used. Samples were placed into NaOH solution. This method requires 4-5 weeks and the enamel was separated from dentin. Experimental results show that 8M NaOH was appropriate for separating enamel from dentin and that there is no difference in background signal relative intensity between samples prepared by mechanical and by chemical methods. There is also no difference in radiosensitivity between samples prepared by two methods mentioned above. Dose response curve for tooth enamel samples isolated by 8M NaOH solution was obtained
Alkaline treatment on piassava (Attalea funifera martius) fiber
Santos, E.B.C.; Moreno, C.G.; Barros, J.J.P.; Moura, D.A.; Fim, F.C.; Wellen, R.M.R.; Silva, L.B.
Alkaline treatment on piassava fiber with size inferior to 270 mesh was performed to remove impurities. The treatments took place under magnetic stirring and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution with 2, 4, 6 and 8% of concentration; processing time ranged between 100 and 400 minutes, with intervals of 25 minutes; the main object was to reach the optimum concentration and time. The concentration 2% was used to remove efficiently the impurities without damaging excessively the fiber. The fibers were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical microscopy (OM). Fibers presented XRD diffraction peak around 22 deg, due to the crystalline structure of cellulose. By optical microscopy was observed the treatment efficacy of the 2% NaOH solution in removing surface impurities. (author)
Evaluation of hydraulic conductivities of bentonite and rock under hyper alkaline and nitrate conditions. 2
Iriya, Keishiro; Fujii, Kensuke; Kubo, Hiroshi
Circumstance of TRU waste repository shows alkaline condition due to leaching of cementitious materials. The waste containing significant soluble nitrate may changes ground water chemistry to high ion strength. Several experimental studies have been carried out in this study in order to assess quantitatively water conductivity of bentonite which is altered by hyper alkaline and nitrate. Modeling for previous results is carried out and several requirements to be defined are proposed. The conclusion of this study is summarized as below. Secondary minerals of bentonite alteration due to hyper alkaline with nitrate: 1) CSH and CAH were observed corresponding to solving montmorillonite in AWN solution. 2) Na 2 O Al 2 O 3 1.68SiO 2 generated from 90 days in batch experiment and it was observed in 360 days. Assessment of swelling and water conductivity changing by hyper alkaline with nitrate: 1) Little changing of water conductivity of bentonite was observed by saturated Ca(OH) 2 solution and hyper alkaline solution. The conductivity significantly increased by penetrating sodium nitrate solution. 2) Water conductivity of ion exchanged bentonite by hyper alkaline solution significantly increased. It increased more by penetrating AWN solution. Modeling of tuff alteration by hyper alkaline solution: 1) Flow through test is proposed since soluble velocity to hyper alkaline solution should be defined. (author)
Hydrothermal liquefaction of cellulose to bio-oil under acidic, neutral and alkaline conditions
Yin, Sudong; Tan, Zhongchao
Highlights: ► Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) at acidic, neutral and alkaline conditions. ► Bio-oil compositions varied with acidic, neutral and alkaline conditions. ► Reaction mechanisms varied with acidic, neutral and alkaline conditions. ► HTL should be classified to acidic, neutral and alkaline processes. -- Abstract: Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass to bio-oil under alkaline or neutral conditions has been widely reported in literature. However, there has been limited data available in literature on comparing HTL of biomass to bio-oil under acidic, neutral, and alkaline in terms of chemical compositions and yields by using the same reaction conditions and reactor. Using cellulose as a feedstock we conducted the comparative studies for pH = 3, 7 and 14 at temperatures of 275–320 °C with reaction residence times of 0–30 min. Results showed that the chemical compositions of the bio-oils were different for acidic, neutral and alkaline conditions. Under acidic and neutral conditions, the main composition of HTL bio-oil was 5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF). Under alkaline conditions, the main compounds became C 2–5 carboxylic acids. For bio-oil yields, it was observed that high temperatures and long residence times had negative effects, regardless of the pH levels. However, the corresponding reaction mechanisms are different. Under acidic conditions, the decrease in the bio-oil yields was mainly caused by polymerization of 5-HMF to solids. Under neutral conditions, the bio-oil yields decreased because 5-HMF was converted to both solid and gaseous products. Under alkaline conditions, the bio-oil decomposed to gases through the formation of short chain acids and aldehydes. Therefore, although they were all referred to as HTL bio-oil in literature, they were formed by different reaction pathways and had different properties due to their different chemical compositions. Given these differences, different strategies are recommended in this study to
M4FT-15OR03100421: Status Report on Alkaline Conditioning Studies
Tsouris, Costas [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Brown, Suree [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Janke, Christopher James [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Mayes, Richard T. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Dai, Sheng [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Kuo, Li-Jung [Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Gill, Gary [Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Significant progress in understanding the role of alkaline conditioning of polyethylene-fiber adsorbent, developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), is demonstrated in this report, which is essentially a manuscript prepared for publication in the journal Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research of the American Chemical Society. The manuscript describes the influence of various parameters involved in adsorbent alkaline conditioning, including base concentration and duration and temperature of conditioning, on the uranium uptake history by the adsorbent. Various solutions have been used to determine the influence of conditioning parameters including (i) a screening solution containing uranyl nitrate at approximately 8 ppm and sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride at concentrations similar to those found in seawater, (ii) seawater spiked with approximately 75 ppb uranium, and (iii) natural seawater. In addition to concentration measurements by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy to determine the uranium uptake capacity and kinetics, spectroscopic methods such as Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were employed to investigate the effect of base treatment on the various chemical bonds of the adsorbent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has also been employed to determine structural effects of the alkali on the adsorbent. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Alkali conditioning is necessary to prepare the adsorbent for uranium uptake. ICP analysis showed that without alkali conditioning, no appreciable uranium adsorption occurs. 2. FTIR showed that the base converts amidoxime to carboxylate groups. 3. FTIR showed that formation of carboxylate groups is irreversible and reduces the selectivity of the adsorbent toward uranium. 4. NMR showed that alkali conditioning leads also to the formation of cyclic imidedioxime, which is suspected to bind uranium, vanadium, iron, copper, and
Alkaline chemistry of transuranium elements and technetium and the treatment of alkaline radioactive wastes
Delegard, C.H.; Peretrukhin, V.F.; Shilov, V.P.; Pikaev, A.K.
Goal of this survey is to generalize the known data on fundamental physical-chemical properties of TRUs and Tc, methods for their isolation, and to provide recommendations that will be useful for partitioning them from alkaline high-level wastes
Delegard, C.H. [Westinghouse Hanford Co., Richland, WA (United States); Peretrukhin, V.F.; Shilov, V.P.; Pikaev, A.K. [Russian Academy of Sciences (Russian Federation). Inst. of Physical Chemistry
Goal of this survey is to generalize the known data on fundamental physical-chemical properties of TRUs and Tc, methods for their isolation, and to provide recommendations that will be useful for partitioning them from alkaline high-level wastes.
Properties of whey protein isolates extruded under acidic and alkaline conditions.
Onwulata, C I; Isobe, S; Tomasula, P M; Cooke, P H
Whey proteins have wide acceptance and use in many products due to their beneficial nutritional properties. To further increase the amount of whey protein isolates (WPI) that may be added to products such as extruded snacks and meats, texturization of WPI is necessary. Texturization changes the folding of globular proteins to improve interaction with other ingredients and create new functional ingredients. In this study, WPI pastes (60% solids) were extruded in a twin-screw extruder at 100 degrees C with 4 pH-adjusted water streams: acidic (pH 2.0 +/- 0.2) and alkaline (pH 12.4 +/- 0.4) streams from 2 N HCl and 2 N NaOH, respectively, and acidic (pH 2.5 +/- 0.2) and alkaline (pH 11.5 +/- 0.4) electrolyzed water streams; these were compared with WPI extruded with deionized water. The effects of water acidity on WPI solubility at pH 7, color, microstructure, Rapid Visco Analyzer pasting properties, and physical structure were determined. Alkaline conditions increased insolubility caused yellowing and increased pasting properties significantly. Acidic conditions increased solubility and decreased WPI pasting properties. Subtle structural changes occurred under acidic conditions, but were more pronounced under alkaline conditions. Overall, alkaline conditions increased denaturation in the extruded WPI resulting in stringy texturized WPI products, which could be used in meat applications.
Sewage sludge disintegration by combined treatment of alkaline+high pressure homogenization.
Zhang, Yuxuan; Zhang, Panyue; Zhang, Guangming; Ma, Weifang; Wu, Hao; Ma, Boqiang
Alkaline pretreatment combined with high pressure homogenization (HPH) was applied to promote sewage sludge disintegration. For sewage sludge with a total solid content of 1.82%, sludge disintegration degree (DD(COD)) with combined treatment was higher than the sum of DD(COD) with single alkaline and single HPH treatment. NaOH dosage ⩽0.04mol/L, homogenization pressure ⩽60MPa and a single homogenization cycle were the suitable conditions for combined sludge treatment. The combined sludge treatment showed a maximum DD(COD) of 59.26%. By regression analysis, the combined sludge disintegration model was established as 11-DD(COD)=0.713C(0.334)P(0.234)N(0.119), showing that the effect of operating parameters on sludge disintegration followed the order: NaOH dosage>homogenization pressure>number of homogenization cycle. The energy efficiency with combined sludge treatment significantly increased compared with that with single HPH treatment, and the high energy efficiency was achieved at low homogenization pressure with a single homogenization cycle. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Alkaline degradation of organic materials contained in TRU wastes under repository conditions
Otsuka, Yoshiki; Banba, Tsunetaka
Alkaline degradation tests for 9 organic materials were conducted under the conditions of TRU waste disposal: anaerobic alkaline conditions. The tests were carried out at 90degC for 91 days. The sample materials for the tests were selected from the standpoint of constituent organic materials of TRU wastes. It has been found that cellulose and plastic solidified products are degraded relatively easily and that rubbers are difficult to degrade. It could be presumed that the alkaline degradation of organic materials occurs starting from the functional group in the material. Therefore, the degree of degradation difficulty is expected to be dependent on the kinds of functional group contained in the organic material. (author)
Effect of clay content in rock on oil extraction under alkaline seam conditions
Vezirov, D Sh; Gorbunov, A T; Kasimov, Sh A; Kashchavtsev, V E; Tairov, N D
When oil beds are flooded with alkaline solutions, the alkaline concentration in the solution can be significantly reduced as a result of the interaction between clay and alkali. Large losses of alkali in the bed can render the flooding method ineffective. Experimental studies were conducted on porous media containing up to 25% clay at a constant permeability of 1 D in order to determine the oil extraction indices for clay-containing rock. Constant permeability is maintained by using clays, marshalite, and quartz sand in various proportions. Oil having a viscosity of 99.17 sP, and containing a large amount of surfactants, including 1.1% naphthenic acid, was extracted by fresh water and a 0.25% solution of NaOH. The extraction of oil by fresh water and NaOH solution from quartz sand indicated the advantage of using alkaline solutions. The extraction coefficient increased by 11% with the use of this method. As clay is added to the sand, the extraction coefficient decreases, and is reduced to 12.7% when the clay content reaches 25%. Nevertheless, a comparison of data obtained for quartz sand with fresh water on a porous medium containing 25% clay with an alkaline solution, indicates that the extraction coefficient is just 1.5% lower even in the presence of such a large amount of clay. Consequently, alkaline flooding should still be given preference over the usual methods under specific conditions and where the rock has a comparatively large amount of clay, in view of all the basic factors that influence the extraction process. The results obtained can be used for selecting alkaline concentration in evaluating the efficiency of flooding oil beds with alkaline solutions. 2 figures, 2 tables.
Behavior of ellagitannins, gallic acid, and ellagic acid under alkaline conditions
Richard W. Hemingway; W.E. Hillis
Examination of the rates of hydrolysis of different ellagitannins under conditions comparable with cold soda and alkaline-groundwood pulping processes showed that some ellagitannins are notably resistant to hydrolysis. The rate of hydrolysis was dependent upon the pH and tempemture of the solution and particularly upon the structure of the compound. Decarboxylation of...
Evaluation of hydraulic conductivities of bentonite and rock under hyper alkaline and nitrate conditions (3) (Summary)
Iriya, Keishiro; Kubo, Hiroshi
This report is the summary of JNC-TJ--8400-2005-002. 1) Circumstance of TRU waste repository shows alkaline condition due to leaching of cementitious materials. The waste containing significant soluble nitrate may changes ground water chemistry to high ion strength. Consolidation test and permeability test are carried out in order to as. exchanged with nitrate. It is noted that permeability of bentonite increased at from 40 to 200 times by cation exchange. 2) Permeability of hyper alkaline solution is almost same to water. Permeability of hyper alkaline solution with nitrates increased corresponding to rising ion strength. 3) The results of batch of column test were simulated. The model can explain clearly the results in short period. This can estimate leaching ratio and secondary minerals. The model can simulate the experimental results by two types of velocity theory on altering bentonite. (author)
Growth and Tissue Elemental Composition Response of Butterhead Lettuce (Lactuca sativa, cv. Flandria to Hydroponic Conditions at Different pH and Alkalinity
Tyler S. Anderson
Full Text Available Biomass and tissue elemental differences were quantified for lettuce grown in deep-water conventional hydroponic conditions at two pH and alkalinity conditions. Nutrient solutions were created using inorganic salts and either reverse osmosis (RO water or municipal water with high alkalinity. Three treatments were evaluated: (a nutrient solution created with reverse osmosis (RO water and maintained at pH 5.8 (H5; (b same as H5 but maintained at pH 7.0 (H7; and (c nutrient solution created using municipal water and maintained at pH 7.0, referred to as HA7. Averaged across three trials, the HA7 and H7 treatments produced 26% less shoot fresh weight (FW than the H5 treatment with an 18% reduction in dry weight (DW. The H5 treatment had the least biomass in root FW and DW. In tissue elemental analyses, both the pH 7.0 treatments showed lower concentrations than H5 in Cu, N, Mo, and Sr, and increased concentrations in Ba, Mg, Na, and Zn. There were no differences in Al, C, Ca, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, P, S, and Si concentrations among treatments (p = 0.05. The results from this experiment can be used to isolate the effects of pH and alkalinity in aquaponic conditions where pH and alkalinity will mimic HA7 conditions.
Summary technical report on the electrochemical treatment of alkaline nuclear wastes
Hobbs, D.T.
This report summarizes the laboratory studies investigating the electrolytic treatment of alkaline solutions carried out under the direction of the Savannah River Technology Center from 1985-1992. Electrolytic treatment has been demonstrated at the laboratory scale to be feasible for the destruction of nitrate and nitrite and the removal of radioactive species such as 99 Tc and 106 Ru from Savannah River Site (SRS) decontaminated salt solution and other alkaline wastes. The reaction rate and current efficiency for the removal of these species are dependent on cell configuration, electrode material, nature of electrode surface, waste composition, current density, and temperature. Nitrogen, ammonia, and nitrous oxide have been identified as the nitrogen-containing reaction products from the electrochemical reduction of nitrate and nitrite under alkaline conditions. The reaction mechanism for the reduction is very complex. Voltammetric studies indicated that the electrode reactions involve surface phenomena and are not necessarily mass transfer controlled. In an undivided cell, results suggest an electrocatalytic role for oxygen via the generation of the superoxide anion. In general, more efficient reduction of nitrite and nitrate occurs at cathode materials with higher overpotentials for hydrogen evolution. Nitrate and nitrite destruction has also been demonstrated in engineering-scale flow reactors. In flow reactors, the nitrate/nitrite destruction efficiency is improved with an increase in the current density, temperature, and when the cell is operated in a divided cell configuration. Nafion reg-sign cation exchange membranes have exhibited good stability and consistent performance as separators in the divided-cell tests. The membranes were also shown to be unaffected by radiation at doses approximating four years of cell operation in treating decontaminated salt solution
Evaluation of hydraulic conductivities of bentonite and rock under hyper alkaline and nitrate conditions (3)
Circumstance of TRU waste repository shows alkaline condition due to leaching of cementitious materials. The waste containing significant soluble nitrate may changes ground water chemistry to high ion strength. Consolidation test and permeability test are carried out in order to assess quantitatively permeability of bentonite altered by hyper alkaline and nitrate. Modeling is progressed based on experimental results. The following results are obtained. 1) Consolidation test was carried out in 3 types of bentonite and 30 % sand mixture in which cation exchanged with nitrate. It is noted that permeability of bentonite increased at from 40 to 200 times by cation exchange. 2) Permeability of hyper alkaline solution is almost same to water. Permeability of hyper alkaline solution with nitrates increased corresponding to rising ion strength. 3) The results of batch of column test were simulated. The model can explain clearly the results in short period. This can estimate leaching ratio and secondary minerals. The model can simulate the experimental results by two types of velocity theory on altering bentonite. (author)
Microbial reduction of 99Tc (as TcO4-) in anaerobic alkaline conditions
Khizhnyak, T.; Simonoff, M.; Sergeant, C.; Simonoff, G.; Medvedeva-Lyalikova, N.N.
The ability of bacteria to reduce pertechnetate in alkaline conditions was investigated using halophilic bacteria isolated from soda-lakes environments. Anaerobic halophilic bacteria were able to reduce as much as 0.25 mM pertechnetate, whereas no reduction took place without bacteria or in the presence of heat-killed bacteria. The results obtained showed reduction of Tc(VII)O 4 - to the Tc(V) and Tc(IV) at pH 10 in the carbonate-bicarbonate medium. About 57% of the total technetium was determined to be Tc(IV), 1-3% as a Tc(V) and 17-20% as a Tc(VII) after 1-3 days of incubation with bacteria. The microbial reduction of Tc(VII) in alkaline conditions has been suggested as a potential mechanism for the removal of Tc from contaminated environments or waste streams. (author)
Influence of alkalinity and VFAs on the performance of an UASB reactor with recirculation for the treatment of Tequila vinasses.
López-López, Alberto; León-Becerril, Elizabeth; Rosales-Contreras, MarÃa Elena; Villegas-GarcÃa, Edgardo
The main problem linked to the stability of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors during the treatment of Tequila vinasse is the high acidity and the null alkalinity present in this effluent. This research evaluates the effect of alkalinity and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentration on the performance of an UASB reactor with recirculation of the effluent for removing organic matter and biogas production from Tequila vinasses. Recirculation of the effluent reduces the impact of VFAs and organic matter concentration present in the influent, inducing the stability of the reactor. The UASB reactor was operated during 235 days at organic loading rates from 2.5 to 20.0 kg m(-3) d(-1), attaining a removal efficiency of COD greater than 75% with a methane yield of 335 ml CH4 g(-1) COD at SPT, maintaining a ratio of VFAs/Alk ≤ 0.5. Therefore, an optimal ratio of VFAs/Alk was established for the system operating in stable conditions for the treatment of Tequila vinasses. Under these conditions, the alkalinity was recuperated by the system itself, without the addition of external alkalinity.
Facile synthesis of water-soluble carbon nano-onions under alkaline conditions
Gaber Hashem Gaber Ahmed
Full Text Available Carbonization of tomatoes at 240 °C using 30% (w/v NaOH as catalyst produced carbon onions (C-onions, while solely carbon dots (C-dots were obtained at the same temperature in the absence of the catalyst. Other natural materials, such as carrots and tree leaves (acer saccharum, under the same temperature and alkaline conditions did not produce carbon onions. XRD, FTIR, HRTEM, UV–vis spectroscopy, and photoluminescence analyses were performed to characterize the as-synthesized carbon nanomaterials. Preliminary tests demonstrate a capability of the versatile materials for chemical sensing of metal ions. The high content of lycopene in tomatoes may explain the formation of C-onions in alkaline media and a possible formation mechanism for such structures was outlined.
Alkaline hydrolysis process for treatment and disposal of Purex solvent waste
Srinivas, C.; Venkatesh, K.A.; Wattal, P.K.; Theyyunni, T.K.; Kartha, P.K.S.; Tripathi, S.C.
Treatment of spent Purex solvent (30% TBP-70% n-dodecane mixture) from reprocessing plants by alkaline hydrolysis process was investigated using inactive 30% TBP solvent as well as actual radioactive spent solvent. Complete conversion of TBP to water-soluble reaction products was achieved in 7 hours reaction time at 130 deg C using 50%(w/v) NaOH solution at NaOH to TBP mole ratio of 3:2. Addition of water to the product mixture resulted in the complete separation of diluent containing less than 2 and 8 Bg./ml. of α and β activity respectively. Silica gel and alumina were found effective for purification of the separated diluent. Aqueous phase containing most of the original radioactivity was found compatible with cement matrix for further conditioning and disposal. (author). 17 refs., 10 tabs., 1 fig
Exposure to the proton scavenger glycine under alkaline conditions induces Escherichia coli viability loss.
Donna Vanhauteghem
Full Text Available Our previous work described a clear loss of Escherichia coli (E. coli membrane integrity after incubation with glycine or its N-methylated derivatives N-methylglycine (sarcosine and N,N-dimethylglycine (DMG, but not N,N,N-trimethylglycine (betaine, under alkaline stress conditions. The current study offers a thorough viability analysis, based on a combination of real-time physiological techniques, of E. coli exposed to glycine and its N-methylated derivatives at alkaline pH. Flow cytometry was applied to assess various physiological parameters such as membrane permeability, esterase activity, respiratory activity and membrane potential. ATP and inorganic phosphate concentrations were also determined. Membrane damage was confirmed through the measurement of nucleic acid leakage. Results further showed no loss of esterase or respiratory activity, while an instant and significant decrease in the ATP concentration occurred upon exposure to either glycine, sarcosine or DMG, but not betaine. There was a clear membrane hyperpolarization as well as a significant increase in cellular inorganic phosphate concentration. Based on these results, we suggest that the inability to sustain an adequate level of ATP combined with a decrease in membrane functionality leads to the loss of bacterial viability when exposed to the proton scavengers glycine, sarcosine and DMG at alkaline pH.
Exposure to the Proton Scavenger Glycine under Alkaline Conditions Induces Escherichia coli Viability Loss
Vanhauteghem, Donna; Janssens, Geert Paul Jules; Lauwaerts, Angelo; Sys, Stanislas; Boyen, Filip; Cox, Eric; Meyer, Evelyne
Our previous work described a clear loss of Escherichia coli (E. coli) membrane integrity after incubation with glycine or its N-methylated derivatives N-methylglycine (sarcosine) and N,N-dimethylglycine (DMG), but not N,N,N-trimethylglycine (betaine), under alkaline stress conditions. The current study offers a thorough viability analysis, based on a combination of real-time physiological techniques, of E. coli exposed to glycine and its N-methylated derivatives at alkaline pH. Flow cytometry was applied to assess various physiological parameters such as membrane permeability, esterase activity, respiratory activity and membrane potential. ATP and inorganic phosphate concentrations were also determined. Membrane damage was confirmed through the measurement of nucleic acid leakage. Results further showed no loss of esterase or respiratory activity, while an instant and significant decrease in the ATP concentration occurred upon exposure to either glycine, sarcosine or DMG, but not betaine. There was a clear membrane hyperpolarization as well as a significant increase in cellular inorganic phosphate concentration. Based on these results, we suggest that the inability to sustain an adequate level of ATP combined with a decrease in membrane functionality leads to the loss of bacterial viability when exposed to the proton scavengers glycine, sarcosine and DMG at alkaline pH. PMID:23544135
Experimental data developed to support the selection of a treatment process for West Valley alkaline supernatant
Bray, L.A.; Holton, L.K.; Myers, T.R.; Richardson, G.M.; Wise, B.M.
At the request of West Valley Nuclear Services Co., Inc., the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) has studied alternative treatment processes for the alkaline PUREX waste presently being stored in Tank 8D2 at West Valley, New York. Five tasks were completed during FY 1983: (1) simulation and characterization of the alkaline supernatant and sludge from the tank. The radiochemical and chemical distributions between the aqueous and solid phase were determined, and the efficiency of washing sludge with water to remove ions such as Na/sup +/ and SO/sub 4//sup 2 -/ was investigated; (2) evaluation of a sodium tetraphenylboron (Na-TPB) precipitation process to recover cesium (Cs) and a sodium titanate (Na-TiA) sorption process to recover strontium (Sr) and plutonium (Pu) from the West Valley Alkaline supernatant. These processes were previously developed and tested at the US Department of Energy's Savannah River Plant; (3) evaluation of an organic cation-exchange resin (Duolite CS-100) to recover Cs and Pu from the alkaline supernatant followed by an organic macroreticular cation exchange resin (Amberlite IRC-718) to recover Sr; (4) evaluation of an inorganic ion exchanger (Linde Ionsiv IE-95) to recover Cs, Sr, and Pu from the alkaline supernatant; and (5) evaluation of Dowex-1,X8 organic anion exchange resin to recover technetium (Tc) from alkaline supernatant. The findings of these tasks are reported. 21 references, 36 figures, 34 tables.
One-step process of hydrothermal and alkaline treatment of wheat straw for improving the enzymatic saccharification.
Sun, Shaolong; Zhang, Lidan; Liu, Fang; Fan, Xiaolin; Sun, Run-Cang
To increase the production of bioethanol, a two-step process based on hydrothermal and dilute alkaline treatment was applied to reduce the natural resistance of biomass. However, the process required a large amount of water and a long operation time due to the solid/liquid separation before the alkaline treatment, which led to decrease the pure economic profit for production of bioethanol. Therefore, four one-step processes based on order of hydrothermal and alkaline treatment have been developed to enhance concentration of glucose of wheat straw by enzymatic saccharification. The aim of the present study was to systematically evaluated effect for different one-step processes by analyzing the physicochemical properties (composition, structural change, crystallinity, surface morphology, and BET surface area) and enzymatic saccharification of the treated substrates. In this study, hemicelluloses and lignins were removed from wheat straw and the morphologic structures were destroyed to various extents during the four one-step processes, which were favorable for cellulase absorption on cellulose. A positive correlation was also observed between the crystallinity and enzymatic saccharification rate of the substrate under the conditions given. The surface area of the substrate was positively related to the concentration of glucose in this study. As compared to the control (3.0Â g/L) and treated substrates (11.2-14.6Â g/L) obtained by the other three one-step processes, the substrate treated by one-step process based on successively hydrothermal and alkaline treatment had a maximum glucose concentration of 18.6Â g/L, which was due to the high cellulose concentration and surface area for the substrate, accompanying with removal of large amounts of lignins and hemicelluloses. The present study demonstrated that the order of hydrothermal and alkaline treatment had significant effects on the physicochemical properties and enzymatic saccharification of wheat straw. The one
Siloxane removal and sludge disintegration using thermo-alkaline treatments with air stripping prior to anaerobic sludge digestion
Oshita, Kazuyuki; Fujime, Motochika; Takaoka, Masaki; Fujimori, Takashi; Appels, Lise; Dewil, Raf
Highlights: • Siloxanes hamper the energy-use of anaerobic digestion biogas. • D5 siloxane was considered as target compound in this study. • The treatment removed 80% of D5 in sewage sludge at 55 °C and 135 g-NaOH kg −1 -VTS. • D5 removal and the disintegration of VSS in the sludge were correlated. • At the optimal conditions, the costs of anaerobic digestion were notably diminished. - Abstract: A thermo-alkaline treatment with air stripping was applied before anaerobic sludge digestion for both siloxane removal and sludge disintegration. The treatment was expected to increase the amount of biogas produced and to reduce the amount of siloxane in the gas. Adding sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to the sludge improved the removal of siloxane from the sludge, with approximately 90% of the siloxane removed to the gas phase using a thermo-alkaline treatment. Over 80% of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) could be removed under the following conditions: 55 °C treatment temperature, 135 g-NaOH kg −1 volatile total solids (VTS), and 0.5 L min −1 air-stripping rate. The disintegration ratio of volatile suspended solids (VSS) in the sludge was correlated with the D5 removal ratio. Because most of the siloxane was adsorbed to, or was contained in the VSS, the siloxane removal ratio increased with VSS disintegration. Finally, the energy consumption and operational costs of this system were evaluated for several scenarios. Thermo-alkaline treatment at the indicated operational conditions had the lowest operating costs for a 400 m 3 day −1 anaerobic sludge digestion system
Reactivity of bacterial and fungal laccases with lignin under alkaline conditions.
Moya, Raquel; Saastamoinen, Päivi; Hernández, Manuel; Suurnäkki, Anna; Arias, Enriqueta; Mattinen, Maija-Liisa
The ability of Streptomyces ipomoea laccase to polymerize secoisolariciresinol lignan and technical lignins was assessed. The reactivity of S. ipomoea laccase was also compared to that of low redox fungal laccase from Melanocarpus albomyces using low molecular mass p-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic acid as well as natural (acetosyringone) and synthetic 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO) mediators as substrates. Oxygen consumption measurement, MALDI-TOF MS and SEC were used to follow the enzymatic reactions at pH 7, 8, 9 and 10 at 30°C and 50°C. Polymerization of lignins and lignan by S. ipomoea laccase under alkaline reaction conditions was observed, and was enhanced in the presence of acetosyringone almost to the level obtained with M. albomyces laccase without mediator. Reactivities of the enzymes towards acetosyringone and TEMPO were similar, suggesting exploitation of the compounds and low redox laccase in lignin valorization under alkaline conditions. The results have scientific impact on basic research of laccases. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Combined chemical and EIS study of the reaction of zinc coatings under alkaline conditions
Walkner, Sarah; Hassel, Achim Walter
Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • An electrochemical unit for automatic EIS and pH modulation is used. • ZnMg2Al2 and ZnAl53 are studied in alkaline solutions. • Amount of consumed sodium hydroxide allows following hydroxide formation and film thickness. • Cross sections of 13 μm show excellent agreement with consumed hydroxide. • ZnAl53 consumes more hydroxide due to soluble aluminate formation. - Abstract: Two different zinc coatings of composition ZnMg2Al2 (Zn + 2 wt.% Mg + 2 wt.% Al) and ZnAl53 (Zn + 53 wt.% Al) were investigated in aqueous solution at pH 12.0 with a novel setup, the so-called impedance titrator. This device is able to perform electrochemical measurements including, but not limited to, impedance spectroscopy in dependency of different pH-values. The setup allows holding the pH-value with a precision of at least 0.05 by dosing the required amount of titrating agent to the system. If the alkaline pH region is investigated, hydroxide ions are consumed in the course of passive layer formation. The amount of consumed hydroxide allows to quantitatively follow the formation of the hydroxide film and its thickness. Cross section SEM shows an excellent agreement of 13 μm after 7 h for ZnMg2Al2. At a constant pH value, the hydroxide concentration is constant and film formation is well defined and kinetically characterised. The consumption of hydroxide by the ZnAl53 coating is higher resulting from the solubility of the Al as aluminate under alkaline conditions. The composition of the precipitates contains less than 3 wt.% of Al. The observed processes and the formation of corrosion products are recorded and differences in the behaviour of the two coatings are discussed
Anaerobic digestion of the microalga Spirulina at extreme alkaline conditions: biogas production, metagenome, and metatranscriptome
Nolla-Ardèvol, VÃmac; Strous, Marc; Tegetmeyer, Halina E.
A haloalkaline anaerobic microbial community obtained from soda lake sediments was used to inoculate anaerobic reactors for the production of methane rich biogas. The microalga Spirulina was successfully digested by the haloalkaline microbial consortium at alkaline conditions (pH 10, 2.0 M Na+). Continuous biogas production was observed and the obtained biogas was rich in methane, up to 96%. Alkaline medium acted as a CO2 scrubber which resulted in low amounts of CO2 and no traces of H2S in the produced biogas. A hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 15 days and 0.25 g Spirulina L−1 day−1 organic loading rate (OLR) were identified as the optimal operational parameters. Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analysis showed that the hydrolysis of the supplied substrate was mainly carried out by Bacteroidetes of the “ML635J-40 aquatic group� while the hydrogenotrophic pathway was the main producer of methane in a methanogenic community dominated by Methanocalculus. PMID:26157422
Unique picoeukaryotic algal community under multiple environmental stress conditions in a shallow, alkaline pan.
Pálffy, Károly; Felföldi, Tamás; Mentes, Anikó; Horváth, Hajnalka; Márialigeti, Károly; Boros, Emil; Vörös, Lajos; Somogyi, Boglárka
Winter phytoplankton communities in the shallow alkaline pans of Hungary are frequently dominated by picoeukaryotes, sometimes in particularly high abundance. In winter 2012, the ice-covered alkaline Zab-szék pan was found to be extraordinarily rich in picoeukaryotic green algae (42-82 × 10(6) cells ml(-1)) despite the simultaneous presence of multiple stressors (low temperature and light intensity with high pH and salinity). The maximum photosynthetic rate of the picoeukaryote community was 1.4 μg C μg chlorophyll a (-1) h(-1) at 125 μmol m(-2) s(-1). The assimilation rates compared with the available light intensity measured on the field show that the community was considerably light-limited. Estimated areal primary production was 180 mg C m(-2) d(-1). On the basis of the 18S rRNA gene analysis (cloning and DGGE), the community was phylogenetically heterogeneous with several previously undescribed chlorophyte lineages, which indicates the ability of picoeukaryotic communities to maintain high genetic diversity under extreme conditions.
Chemical modification of straw by alkaline treatment. [Trolmen process
In straw from 9 Swedish cereal cultivars of barley, oats, wheat, and rye, low molecular weight carbohydrates constituted only 0.3-1.4% of the straw with sucrose, glucose, fructose, and the sugar alcohols arabinitol and mannitol as main constituents. Hemicellulose (18-24%), cellulose (27-37%) and Klason-lignin (19-24%) were the main constituents. The ash (3-12%) and silica (0.5-3%) values showed rather high variations. After the Trolmen process, a wet closed NaOH treatment method, there was a slight enrichment of carbohydrates and ash and a decrease of Klason-lignin in the treated straw. About 1% of phenolic acids, mainly alpha ..beta.. -dihydro-p-coumatic, trans-p-coumaric, alpha ..beta.. -dihydroferulic and trans-ferulic acids, were quantified in the black liquid from the Trolmen process. These acids were probably ester-linked to the hemicellulose in the native straw and released during alkali treatment.HOAc, probably from Ac groups in xylan, and some of the silica were also released during the process. Although the amount of dissolved lignin was small, linkages between lignin and hemicellulosic polymers, perhaps also to cellulose, may be broken during the treatment. Linkages of these types may block the carbohydrates from enzymic action and reduce the digestibility. The higher digestibility of alkali-treated straw is probably due both to breaking of such linkages and to swelling of the polysaccharides rather than removal of any large amounts of undigestible components as lignin and silica.
Modification of the Selectivity Properties of Tubular Ceramic Membranes after Alkaline Treatment
Patrick Dutournié
Full Text Available This work focuses on the selectivity modification of ceramic membranes after a mild alkaline treatment. Filtration of pure salt-water solutions was carried out with commercial titania membranes before and after the treatment. After treatment, the rejection of NaF significantly decreased, while the rejection of NaCl and NaBr increased. Additionally, NaI and Na2SO4 remained close to zero. Pore size and electrical charge being almost unchanged, only significant modifications in the dielectric effects can explain this modification of selectivity. Therefore, the surface chemistry and the interaction (nature and magnitude with the solvent and with the species present in the solution appear to be modified by the alkaline treatment. This trend is also illustrated by discussing the electric and the dielectric properties that were numerically identified before and after treatment. The alkaline treatment significantly decreased the apparent dielectric constant of NaCl-water solution in the pore, highlighting the rejection of sodium chloride. Contrariwise, the modification of the surface chemistry increased the apparent dielectric constant of NaF-water solution by promoting fluoride transmission.
Post-cholecystectomy alkaline reactive gastritis: a randomized trial comparing sucralfate versus rabeprazole or no treatment.
Santarelli, Luca; Gabrielli, Maurizio; Candelli, Marcello; Cremonini, Filippo; Nista, Enrico C; Cammarota, Giovanni; Gasbarrini, Giovanni; Gasbarrini, Antonio
At present there are no well-established pharmacological approaches in the management of post-cholecystectomy alkaline reactive gastritis. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of sucralfate versus rabeprazole or no treatment on dyspeptic symptoms and endoscopic/histological signs in a population of patients with a history of cholecystectomy and evidence of alkaline reactive gastritis. Sixty dyspeptic patients fulfilling the following criteria of inclusion took part in this study: (1) a history of cholecystectomy; (2) no use of anti-inflammatory steroidal and non-steroidal drugs, or abuse of alcohol; (3) evidence of abundant gastric bile reflux at endoscopy; (4) endoscopic signs of chronic gastritis; (5) histological signs of chronic gastritis; and (6) absence of Helicobacter pylori infection. Dyspeptic symptoms were evaluated by means of a self-administered validated questionnaire. Patients included in the study were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups for 3 months: sucralfate, rabeprazole, observation. Patients were re-evaluated at the end of the treatment. Sucralfate and rabeprazole therapies were both able to significantly reduce epigastric pain, heartburn, bloating and halitosis. Endoscopic/histological signs were lower in both treatment groups compared to the observation group. Both sucralfate and rabeprazole therapies are effective treatment options in the patients with alkaline gastritis when compared with observation.
Comparison and Optimization of Saccharification Conditions of Alkaline Pre-Treated Triticale Straw for Acid and Enzymatic Hydrolysis Followed by Ethanol Fermentation
Full Text Available This paper concerns the comparison of the efficiency of two-stage hydrolysis processes, i.e., alkaline pre-treatment and acid hydrolysis, as well as alkaline pre-treatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis, carried out in order to obtain reducing sugars from triticale straw. For each of the analyzed systems, the optimization of the processing conditions was carried out with respect to the glucose yield. For the alkaline pre-treatment, an optimal catalyst concentration was selected for constant values of temperature and pre-treatment time. For enzymatic hydrolysis, optimal process time and concentration of the enzyme preparation were determined. For the acidic hydrolysis, performed with 85% phosphoric acid, the optimum temperature and hydrolysis time were determined. In the hydrolysates obtained after the two-stage treatment, the concentration of reducing sugars was determined using HPLC. The obtained hydrolysates were subjected to ethanol fermentation. The concentrations of fermentation inhibitors are given and their effects on the alcoholic fermentation efficiency are discussed.
Density of alkaline magmas at crustal and upper mantle conditions by X-ray absorption
Seifert, R.; Malfait, W.; Petitgirard, S.; Sanchez-Valle, C.
Silicate melts are essential components of igneous processes and are directly involved in differentiation processes and heat transfer within the Earth. Studies of the physical properties of magmas (e.g., density, viscosity, conductivity, etc) are however challenging and experimental data at geologically relevant pressure and temperature conditions remain scarce. For example, there is virtually no data on the density at high pressure of alkaline magmas (e.g., phonolites) typically found in continental rift zone settings. We present in situ density measurements of alkaline magmas at crustal and upper mantle conditions using synchrotron X-ray absorption. Measurements were conducted on ID27 beamline at ESRF using a panoramic Paris-Edinburgh Press (PE Press). The starting material is a synthetic haplo-phonolite glass similar in composition to the Plateau flood phonolites from the Kenya rift [1]. The glass was synthesized at 1673 K and 2.0 GPa in a piston-cylinder apparatus at ETH Zurich and characterized using EPMA, FTIR and density measurements. The sample contains less than 200 ppm water and is free of CO2. Single-crystal diamond cylinders (Øin = 0.5 mm, height = 1 mm) were used as sample containers and placed in an assembly formed by hBN spacers, a graphite heater and a boron epoxy gasket [2]. The density was determined as a function of pressure (1.0 to 3.1 GPa) and temperature (1630-1860 K) from the X-ray absorption contrast at 20 keV between the sample and the diamond capsule. The molten state of the sample during the data collection was confirmed by X-ray diffraction measurements. Pressure and temperature were determined simultaneously from the equation of state of hBN and platinum using the the double isochor method [3].The results are combined with available density data at room conditions to derive the first experimental equation of state (EOS) of phonolitic liquids at crustal and upper mantle conditions. We will compare our results with recent reports of the
Combination of Successive Alkalinity Producing System (SAPS) and Aeration for Passive Treatment of Highly Acidic Mine Drainage
Oh, C.; Ji, S.
Passive treatment system has been widely used for remediation of mine drainage since its advantage of low installation and maintenance cost. The system, however, has also a disadvantage in assuring remediation and management efficiency if the drainage is highly acidic mine drainage. To remediate acid mine drainage (AMD) especially showing high acidity, passive treatment system which consists of successive alkalinity producing system (SAPS) and subsequent aeration pond was proposed and its mechanisms and efficiency was evaluated in this research. Target AMD was obtained from Waryong coal mine and showed typical characteristics of AMD having high metal concentration and low pH (acidity > 300 mg/L as CaCO3). Four experimental cases were conducted; untreated, treated with SAPS, treated with aeration, treated with SAPS and aeration to compare role and mechanism of each unit. Between organic matter and limestone layer which constitute SAPS, the former eliminated most of Fe(III) and Al in the AMD so that the latter was kept from being clogged by precipitates. Net acidity of the AMD rapidly decreased by supplement of alkalinity at the limestone layer. A primary function of SAPS, producing alkalinity constantly without clogging, was attained due to addition a portion of limestone particle into the organic matter layer. The discharge from SAPS had low ORP and DO values because of an anaerobic environment formed at the organic matter layer although its alkalinity was increased. This water quality was unfavorable for Fe(II) to be oxidized. Installation of aeration pond after SAPS, therefore, could be effective way of enhancing oxidation rate of Fe(II). Among the experimental cases, the combination of SAPS and aeration pond was only able to remediate the AMD. This concluded that to remediate highly acidic mine drainage with passive treatment system, three critical conditions were required; pre-precipitation of Fe(III) and Al at organic matter layer in SAPS, constant alkalinity
Cellulose Degradation at Alkaline Conditions: Long-Term Experiments at Elevated Temperatures
Glaus, M.A.; Van Loon, L.R.
The degradation of pure cellulose (Aldrich cellulose) and cotton cellulose at the conditions of an artificial cement pore water (pH 13.3) has been measured at 60 o and 90 o C for reaction times between 1 and 2 years. The purpose of the experiments is to establish a reliable relationship between the reaction rate constant for the alkaline hydrolysis of cellulose (mid-chain scission), which is a slow reaction, and temperature. The reaction products formed in solution are analysed for the presence of the two diastereomers of isosaccharinic acid using high performance anion exchange chromatography combined with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD), other low-molecular weight aliphatic carboxylic acids using high performance ion exclusion chromatography (HPIEC) and for total organic carbon. The remaining cellulose solids are analysed for dry weight and degree of polymerisation. The degree of cellulose degradation as a function of reaction time is calculated based on total organic carbon and on the dry weight of the cellulose remaining. The degradation of cellulose observed as a function of time can be divided in three reaction phases observed in the experiments: (i) an initial fast reaction phase taking a couple of days, (ii) a slow further reaction taking - 100 days and (iii) a complete stopping of cellulose degradation levelling-off at -60 % of cellulose degraded. The experimental findings are unexpected in several respects: (i) The degree of cellulose degradation as a function of reaction time is almost identical for the experiments carried out at 60 o C and 90 o C, and (ii) the degree of cellulose degradation as a function of reaction time is almost identical for both pure cellulose and cotton cellulose. It can be concluded that the reaction behaviour of the materials tested cannot be explained within the classical frame of a combination of the fast endwise clipping of monomeric glucose units (peeling-off process) and the slow alkaline hydrolysis at the
Glaus, M.A.; Van Loon, L.R
The degradation of pure cellulose (Aldrich cellulose) and cotton cellulose at the conditions of an artificial cement pore water (pH 13.3) has been measured at 60{sup o} and 90{sup o}C for reaction times between 1 and 2 years. The purpose of the experiments is to establish a reliable relationship between the reaction rate constant for the alkaline hydrolysis of cellulose (mid-chain scission), which is a slow reaction, and temperature. The reaction products formed in solution are analysed for the presence of the two diastereomers of isosaccharinic acid using high performance anion exchange chromatography combined with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD), other low-molecular weight aliphatic carboxylic acids using high performance ion exclusion chromatography (HPIEC) and for total organic carbon. The remaining cellulose solids are analysed for dry weight and degree of polymerisation. The degree of cellulose degradation as a function of reaction time is calculated based on total organic carbon and on the dry weight of the cellulose remaining. The degradation of cellulose observed as a function of time can be divided in three reaction phases observed in the experiments: (i) an initial fast reaction phase taking a couple of days, (ii) a slow further reaction taking - 100 days and (iii) a complete stopping of cellulose degradation levelling-off at -60 % of cellulose degraded. The experimental findings are unexpected in several respects: (i) The degree of cellulose degradation as a function of reaction time is almost identical for the experiments carried out at 60 {sup o}C and 90 {sup o}C, and (ii) the degree of cellulose degradation as a function of reaction time is almost identical for both pure cellulose and cotton cellulose. It can be concluded that the reaction behaviour of the materials tested cannot be explained within the classical frame of a combination of the fast endwise clipping of monomeric glucose units (peeling-off process) and the slow alkaline
Novel Extraction Process Of Rare Earth Elements From NdFeB Powders Via Alkaline Treatment
Chung K.W.
Full Text Available The alkaline treatment of NdFeB powders in NaOH solution at various equivalent amounts of NaOH at 100°C was performed. The resultant powders were then leached in 0.5M H2SO4 solution at 25°C for 2 minutes. At 5 equivalents of NaOH, neodymium in NdFeB powders was partially transformed to neodymium hydroxide. The transformation of neodymium to neodymium hydroxide actually occurred at 10 equivalents of NaOH and was facilitated by increasing the equivalent of NaOH from 10 to 30. In addition, iron was partially transformed to magnetite during the alkaline treatment, which was also promoted at a higher equivalent of NaOH. The leaching yield of neodymium from alkaline-treated powders was increased with an increasing equivalent of NaOH up to 10; however, it slightly decreased with the equivalent NaOH of over 10. The leaching yield of iron was inversely proportional to that of rare earth elements. NdFeB powders treated at 10 equivalents of NaOH showed a maximum leaching yield of neodymium and dysprosium of 91.6% and 94.6%, respectively, and the lowest leaching yield of iron of 24.2%, resulting in the highest selective leaching efficiency of 69.4%.
Porcine skin as a source of biodegradable matrices: alkaline treatment and glutaraldehyde crosslinking
Fabiana T. Rodrigues
Full Text Available In this work, the modifications promoted by alkaline hydrolysis and glutaraldehyde (GA crosslinking on type I collagen found in porcine skin have been studied. Collagen matrices were obtained from the alkaline hydrolysis of porcine skin, with subsequent GA crosslinking in different concentrations and reaction times. The elastin content determination showed that independent of the treatment, elastin was present in the matrices. Results obtained from in vitro trypsin degradation indicated that with the increase of GA concentration and reaction time, the degradation rate decreased. From thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry analysis it can be observed that the collagen in the matrices becomes more resistant to thermal degradation as a consequence of the increasing crosslink degree. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that after the GA crosslinking, collagen fibers become more organized and well-defined. Therefore, the preparations of porcine skin matrices with different degradation rates, which can be used in soft tissue reconstruction, are viable.
Selection of a reference process for treatment of the West Valley alkaline waste
Holton, L.K.; Wise, B.M.; Bray, L.A.; Pope, J.M.; Carl, D.E.
As part of the West Valley Demonstration Project (WVDP) the alkaline PUREX supernatant stored in Tank 8D2 will be partially decontaminated by the removal of radiocesium. Four processes for removal of radiocesium from the alkaline supernatant were studied through experimentation and engineering analysis to identify a reference approach for the WVDP. These processes included the use of a zeolite inorganic ion-exchanger (Linde Ionsiv IE-95), an organic ion exchange resin (Duolite CS-100), and two precipitation processes; one using sodium tetraphenylboron (NaTPB) and the other using phosphotungstic acid (PTA). Based upon process performance, safety and environmental considerations, process and equipment complexity and impacts to the waste vitrification system, the zeolite ion-exchange process has been selected by West Valley Nuclear Services, Inc., as the reference supernatant treatment process for the WVDP. This paper will summarize the technical basis for the selection of the zeolite ion-exchange process. 4 figures, 2 tables
Influence of Alkaline-Peroxide Treatment of Fiber on the Mechanical Properties of Oil Palm Mesocarp Fiber/Poly(butylene succinate Biocomposite
Yoon Yee Then
Full Text Available In this work, the surface of oil palm mesocarp fiber (OPMF was modified via alkaline-peroxide treatment with hydrogen peroxide under alkaline conditions. The effect of the treatment on the chemical composition and microstructure of the fiber was examined using chemical analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM, and X-ray diffraction (XRD analysis. The treatment resulted in the removal of lignin, hemicellulose, and waxy substances from the fiber and increased its surface roughness and crystallinity. The eco-friendly biocomposite was made from poly(butylene succinate (PBS and chemically treated fiber at a weight ratio of 30:70, and was fabricated via a melt-blending technique followed by hot-pressed moulding. The results indicated that alkaline-peroxide treatment of the fiber improved the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation at break of the OPMF/PBS biocomposite by 54, 830, and 43%, respectively. The SEM analysis revealed improvement of the interfacial adhesion between the chemically treated fiber and the PBS. This work demonstrates that alkaline-peroxide treatment of fiber is beneficial prior to its use in fabricating biocomposites.
Physicochemical Properties of Defatted Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) Seed Flour after Alkaline Treatment.
Eiamwat, Jirawat; Wanlapa, Sorada; Kampruengdet, Sukit
Rambutan seeds were subjected to SC-CO₂ extraction at 35 MPa, 45 °C to obtain defatted rambutan seed flour. Its physicochemical properties before and after treatment with alkali solution using 0.075 N NaOH were investigated. Alkali-treated flour had a significant increment in bulk density, swelling power, water adsorption capacity, emulsion capacity and stability but a reduction in turbidity, solubility and oil absorption capacity. Pasting measurements showed peak viscosity, breakdown, setback and final viscosity increased significantly for the alkali-treated flour, while pasting temperature decreased. The alkaline treatment decreased the least gelation concentration, but increased the apparent viscosity.
Physicochemical Properties of Defatted Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum Seed Flour after Alkaline Treatment
Jirawat Eiamwat
Full Text Available Rambutan seeds were subjected to SC-CO2 extraction at 35 MPa, 45 °C to obtain defatted rambutan seed flour. Its physicochemical properties before and after treatment with alakali solution using 0.075 N NaOH were investigated. Alkali-treated flour had a significant increment in bulk density, swelling power, water adsorption capacity, emulsion capacity and stability but a reduction in turbidity, solubility and oil absorption capacity. Pasting measurements showed peak viscosity, breakdown, setback and final viscosity increased significantly for the alkali-treated flour, while pasting temperature decreased. The alkaline treatment decreased the least gelation concentration, but increased the apparent viscosity.
Process optimization of ultrasound-assisted alcoholic-alkaline treatment for granular cold water swelling starches.
Zhu, Bo; Liu, Jianli; Gao, Weidong
This paper reports on the process optimization of ultrasonic assisted alcoholic-alkaline treatment to prepare granular cold water swelling (GCWS) starches. In this work, three statistical approaches such as Plackett-Burman, steepest ascent path analysis and Box-Behnken design were successfully combined to investigate the effects of major treatment process variables including starch concentration, ethanol volume fraction, sodium hydroxide dosage, ultrasonic power and treatment time, and drying operation, that is, vacuum degree and drying time on cold-water solubility. Results revealed that ethanol volume fraction, sodium hydroxide dosage, applied power and ultrasonic treatment time were significant factors that affected the cold-water solubility of GCWS starches. The maximum cold-water solubility was obtained when treated at 400W of applied power for 27.38min. Optimum volume fraction of ethanol and sodium hydroxide dosage were 66.85% and 53.76mL, respectively. The theoretical values (93.87%) and the observed values (93.87%) were in reasonably good agreement and the deviation was less than 1%. Verification and repeated trial results indicated that the ultrasound-assisted alcoholic-alkaline treatment could be successfully used for the preparation of granular cold water swelling starches at room temperatures and had excellent improvement on the cold-water solubility of GCWS starches. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.
The effect of alkaline treatment on tensile properties of sugar palm fibre reinforced epoxy composites
Bachtiar, D.; Sapuan, S.M.; Hamdan, M.M.
A study on the effect of alkaline treatment on tensile properties of sugar palm fibre reinforced epoxy composites is presented in this paper. The treatment was carried out using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions at two different concentrations and three different soaking times. The hydrophilic nature of sugar palm fibre makes it difficult to adhere to hydrophobic epoxy and therefore posed the problem of interfacial bonding between fibre and matrix and such treatment was needed to alleviate such problem. The composite specimens were tested for tensile property determination. Some fractured specimens were examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM) to study the microstructure of the materials. Inconsistent results were obtained for tensile strengths, which indicate that the treatment is not very effective yet to improve the interfacial bonding. However, for tensile modulus, the results are much higher than untreated fibre composite specimens, which proved the effectiveness of the treatment
Formation of secondary minerals and uptake of various anions under naturally-occurring hyper-alkaline conditions in Oman - 16344
Anraku, Sohtaro; Sato, Tsutomu; Yoneda, Tetsuro; Morimoto, Kazuya
In Japanese transuranic (TRU) waste disposal facilities, 129 I is the most important key nuclide for the long-term safety assessment. Thus, the K d values of I to natural minerals are important factor in the safety assessment. However, the degradation of cement materials in the repositories can produce high pH pore fluid which can affect the anion transport behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the behavior of anions such as I- under the hyper-alkaline conditions. The natural hyper-alkaline spring water (pH>11) in the Oman ophiolite is known to be generated from the partly serpentinized peridotites. The spring water is characteristically hyper-alkaline, reducing, low-Mg, Si and HCO 3 - , and high-Ca, while the river water is moderately alkaline, oxidizing, high-Mg and HCO 3 - . The mixing of these spring and river water resulted in the formation of secondary minerals. In the present study, the naturally occurring hyper-alkaline conditions near the springs in Oman were used as natural analogue for the interaction between cement pore fluid and natural Mg-HCO 3 - groundwater. The present aim of this paper is to examine the conditions of secondary mineral formation and the anion uptake capacity of these mineral in this system. Water and precipitate samples were collected from the different locations around the spring vent to identify the effect of mixing ratios between spring and river water on mineral composition and water-mineral distribution coefficient of various anions. On-site synthesis was also carried out to support these data quantitatively. Aragonite was observed in all precipitates, while calcite, brucite and Mg-Al hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTlc) were also determined in some samples. Calcite was observed only closed to the springs. At locations far from the springs, calcite formation was inhibited due to high-Mg fluid from river water. Brucite was observed from the springs with relatively low-Al concentration and HTlc was the opposite. During
Fibrillation of Aspen by Alkaline Cold Pre-treatment and Vibration Milling
Kärt KÄRNER
Full Text Available In this article an attempt to fibrillate aspen bleached chemi-thermo mechanical pulp (BCTMP fibre in an environmentally friendly way is reported. The effects of various NaOH, KOH, urea and ethanol aqueous solutions at lowered temperature were tested for pre-treatment. The pre-treatment was followed by vibration milling aiming to peel off outer cell wall layers and to fibrillate S2 layer of the aspen wood fibre. The effects of the treatments were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM. The results show that it is possible to fibrillate BCTMP aspen fibres by using alkaline aqueous solutions at low temperatures followed by a mechanical treatment. A strong dependence on fibrillation of cellulose on temperature, time and alkali concentration was established.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.22.3.7412
In-situ interferometric measurements of compacted smectite under hyper-alkaline condition - 59124
Satoh, Hisao; Kurosawa, Susumu; Ishii, Tomoko; Owada, Hitoshi
Document available in abstract form only. Full text of publication follows: Alteration of bentonite buffer at the repository for radioactive waste is an unavoidable phenomenon. However, precise kinetic data is useful for evaluation of the endurance for long-term safety. Alkaline attack to bentonite by cement-leachates may enhance alteration of smectite into the other phase such as zeolite. Until recently, there are a number of detailed dissolution studies (e.g., Cama et al., 2000; Yokoyama et al., 2005; Rozalen et al., 2008) for suspended smectite, using high precision measurements by ICPMS and AFM analyses. In contrast, dissolution study of compacted smectite is very limited (e.g., Nakayama et al., 2003). In order to verify the previous data, the dissolution rate of compacted smectite with realistic density needs to be confirmed experimentally. We have, for the first time, applied in-situ vertical scanning interferometry (VSI) along with the auto-compaction cell for measuring dissolution rates of smectite compacted at 0.04-20.0 MPa and 70 deg. C in 0.3 M NaOH (pH 12.1). At less-compaction (0.04 MPa), Kunipia-P smectite initially showed a relatively fast dissolution of ∼2E-11 mol/m 2 /s which is comparable to the rate for suspended smectite under same pH-T condition. At high-compaction ( 2 /s, but at higher compaction (>5 MPa), smectite dissolution was enhanced again to ∼5E-13 mol/ m 2 /s
New alternative processes for the treatment of the alkaline solvent wash waste
Cecille, L.; Cumming, I.W.; Gasparini, G.; Dozol, J.F.
The separate treatment of the solvent wash alkaline waste (ASWW) from the other low and medium level liquid wastes generated during reprocessing operations has been investigated through the development of three alternative processes dealing with solvent extraction, chemical precipitation combined with ultrafiltration and inorganic ion exchange. On the basis of lab-scale experiments performed on the same genuine ASWW sample, a comparison has been made between the respective performances of each of these processes in terms of selectivity, decontamination and volume reduction factors. From this assessment, it evolved that solvent extraction and chemical precipitation combined with utrafiltration processes are good competitors for implementing such kind of treatment although for the alpha DF, solvent extraction appears more flexible. To be really attractive, inorganic ion exchange should exhibit better VRF and DF possibly by pretreating the ASWW. 10 refs
Comparison of the chemical properties of wheat straw and beech fibers following alkaline wet oxidation and laccase treatments
Schmidt, A. S.; Mallon, S.; Thomsen, Anne Belinda
Wheat straw (Triticum aestivum) and beech (Fagus sylvatica), were used to evaluate the effects of two pre-treatment processes (alkaline wet oxidation and enzyme treatment with laccase) on lignocellulosic materials for applications in particleboards and fiberboards. Wheat straw and beech fibers...... treatment gave a more reactive surface than alkaline wet oxidation for wheat straw, whereas the opposite was observed for beech. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy showed an almost complete loss of the ester carbonyl stretching signal and the corresponding C-C-O stretching in wet...
Bray, L.A.; Holton, L.K.; Wise, B.M.; Carl, D.E.; Pope, J.M.
As part of the West Valley Demonstration Project (WVDP) the alkaline PUREX supernatant stored in Tank 8D2 will be partially decontaminated by the removal of radiocesium. Four processes for removal of radiocesium from the alkaline supernatant were studied through experimentation and engineering analysis to identify a reference approach for the WVDP. These processes included the use of a zeolite inorganic ion-exchanger (Linde Ionsiv IE-95, Ionsiv is a trademark of Union Carbide Company), an organic ion exchange resin (Duolite CS-100, Duolite is a registered trademark of Diamond Shamrock Co) and two precipitation processes; one using sodium tetraphenylboron (NaTPB) and the other using phosphotungsthC acid (PTA). Based upon process performance, safety and environmental considerations, process and equipment complexity and impacts to the waste vitrification system, the zeolite ion-exchange process has been selected by West Valley Nuclear Services, Inc., as the reference supernatant treatment process for the WVDP. This paper summarizes the technical basis for the selection of the zeolite ion-exchange process
Rapid Formation of 1D Titanate Nanotubes Using Alkaline Hydrothermal Treatment and Its Photocatalytic Performance
Chin Wei Lai
Full Text Available One-dimensional (1D titanate nanotubes (TNT were successfully synthesized using alkaline hydrothermal treatment of commercial TiO2 nanopowders in a Teflon lined stainless steel autoclave at 150°C. The minimum time required for the formation of the titanate nanotubes was 9 h significantly. After the hydrothermal processing, the layered titanate was washed with acid and water in order to control the amount of Na+ ions remaining in the sample solutions. In this study, the effect of different reaction durations in a range of 3 h to 24 h on the formation of nanotubes was carried out. As the reaction duration is extended, the changes in structure from particle to tubular shapes of alkaline treated TiO2 were obtained via scanning electron microscope (SEM. Also, the significant impact on the phase transformation and crystal structure of TNT was characterized through XRD and Raman analysis. Indeed, the photocatalytic activity of TNT was investigated through the degradation of methyl orange aqueous solution under the ultraviolet light irradiation. As a result, TNT with reaction duration at 6 h has a better photocatalytic performance than other samples which was correlated to the higher crystallinity of the samples as shown in XRD patterns.
In Situ Infrared Spectroscopy of Oligoaniline Intermediates Created under Alkaline Conditions.
Šeděnková, Ivana; Stejskal, Jaroslav; Trchová, Miroslava
The progress of the oxidation of aniline with ammonium peroxydisulfate in an alkaline aqueous medium has been monitored in situ by attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The growth of the microspheres and of the film at the ATR crystal surface, as well as the changes proceeding in the surrounding aqueous medium, are reflected in the spectra. The evolution of the spectra and the changes in the molecular structure occurring during aniline oxidation in alkaline medium are discussed with the help of differential spectra. Several processes connected with the various stages of aniline oxidation were distinguished. The progress of hydrolysis of the aniline in water and further an oxidation of aminophenol to benzoquinone imines in the presence of peroxydisulfate in alkaline medium have been detected in the spectra in real time. The precipitated solid oxidation product was analyzed by mass spectrometry. It is composed of oligomers, mainly trimers to octamers, of various molecular structures incorporating in addition to aniline constitutional units also p-benzoquinone or p-benzoquinoneimine moieties.
Dissolution characteristics of chalcedony under alkaline condition. Study for changes in mineral composition of engineered barrier composed by bentonite
Watanabe, Yasutaka; Yokoyama, Shingo
In the engineered barrier of radioactive waste disposal facilities, it is expected that bentonite is exposed to alkaline groundwater which arise from leaching of cementations materials. Minerals contained in the bentonite will be dissolved by reactions of the alkaline groundwater. Some bentonite contains silica such as quartz and chalcedony. Chalcedony is categorized in intermediate silica which is microcrystalline. It is known that dissolution of silica influences to the dissolution of smectite by means of solubility. However, dissolution kinetics of chalcedony in the alkaline condition has not been investigated, which is an uncertainty in geochemical simulations to evaluate a long-term stability of the engineered barrier. Therefore, this study performed flow-through experiments in alkaline conditions using chalcedony in order to obtain the dissolution rate of the chalcedony. The flow-through experiments was performed using NaOH-NaCl solution adjusted to 0.3 mol/L of ionic strength. Initial pH of the solution was from 8.9 to 13.5. As a result, higher pH and higher temperature showed higher Si ion concentrations of reacted solutions. The dissolution rate of the samples was calculated using Si ion concentrations at steady state of the experiment. Note that, the dissolution rate of the chalcedony was almost same as that of quartz at same temperature. After the experiments, SEM observation showed that rough surface of the chalcedony partly changed to smooth surface like quartz. It is supposed that rough surface of chalcedony was rapidly dissolved because of low degree of crystallization. The dissolution rate obtained is supposedly applicable to highly crystalline SiO 2 of chalcedony. (author)
Impact of 6-month frozen storage of cervical specimens in alkaline buffer conditions on human papillomavirus genotyping.
LaMere, Brandon J; Howell, Renee; Fetterman, Barbara; Shieh, Jen; Castle, Philip E
The impact of 6-month storage of cervical specimens under alkaline conditions that occurs as the result of Hybrid Capture 2 testing on human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping is not well documented. To examine this issue, 143 frozen hc2-positive specimens in specimen transport medium were selected at random from each of the following groups: specimens stored for 6 months, 4 months, and 2.5 months under alkaline pH (pH 12-13) and specimens stored 1 month at neutral pH (pH 6-7) as controls. Specimens were tested in a masked fashion for 20 HPV genotypes (HPV6, 11, 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 73, and 82) using a prototype, research-use-only GP5+/6+ L1 consensus PCR method and multiplex hybridization using Luminex xMAP for detection of specific HPV genotypes One control specimen had missing test results. There were no statistical differences in the number of HPV genotypes detected, number of carcinogenic HPV genotypes detected, or in the signal strength among HPV-positive results across groups. Six-month frozen storage of cervical specimens at alkaline pH had little impact on testing for HPV genotypes among hc2-positive women using this HPV genotyping method.
Oxidative dissolution of chromium from Hanford tank sludges under alkaline conditions
Rapko, B.M.; Delegard, C.H.; Wagner, M.J.
Alkaline oxidative leaching has been performed on caustic leached sludges from the three following Hanford waste tanks: BY-110, S-107, and SX-108. These samples were chosen because they represent types of waste where significant amounts of Cr are located and show relatively poor dissolution of Cr during standard caustic leaching. The experiments involved tests with three chemical oxidants, permanganate, ozone and oxygen, and a blank, argon. The effects of varying the hydroxide concentration of the leachate (from 0.1 M to 3 M) and of time and temperature (from room temperature to 80 degrees C) were also examined
Experimentale Study of Alkaline Precipitation on Thermal Process SeaWater Desalination Condition
Sumijanto
The experiment of alkaline precipitation by separated method has beencarry out. Experiment took please by heating sea water simulation with eachother consist of a).142 ppm bicarbonate and 400 ppm calcium ion b). 142 ppmbicarbonate and magnesium ion at temperature 40,50,60,70,80,90,100,110 and120 o C respectively by using autoclave. Sampling has been done periodicalfor 30 minute in interval 300 minute for each temperature. The calculation ofalkaline precipitation on each step calculated through the decreasing ofcalcium and magnesium concentration with analysis by AAS. From experimentdata have the information that alkaline precipitation have been formed since40 o C. From time variable have been the information that the precipitationformed at 30 th minute rapidly. Whether at further time the increasing ofprecipitation are not significant. This phenomena can explained that at eachheating step from 40 o C bicarbonate ion be come decomposition with theresult carbonate and hydroxide ion and react with calcium and magnesium formcalcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide. From this information could beimplemented as base for avoiding using chemical material in desalinationthermal process. (author)
Efficacy of Alkaline Hydrolysis as an Alternative Method for Treatment and Disposal of Infectious Animal Waste.
Kaye, Gordon; Weber, Peter; Evans, Ann; Venezia, Richard
The efficacy of alkaline hydrolysis as an alternative for incineration or autoclaving during treatment and disposal of infectious waste was evaluated by testing for the destruction of samples of pure cultures of selected infectious microorganisms during digestion of 114 to 136-kg loads of animal carcasses in an animal tissue digestor at the Albany Medical College. Ten milliliter samples of pure cultures of each microorganism were divided among 3 dialysis bags made from narrow diameter dialysis tubing, and each of these bags was placed inside another dialysis bag made from larger diameter dialysis tubing. Each double-bagged sample was suspended from the cover of the carcass basket of the tissue digestor so that it was completely covered by hot alkaline digestion solution during the carcass digestion process. The following organisms were required by the New York State Department of Health as representative pathogens for testing sterilization capabilities of the procedure: Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Candida albicans, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus fumigatus, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, MS-2 bacteriophage, and Giardia muris. Animal carcasses included pigs, sheep, rabbits, dogs, rats, mice, and guinea pigs. The tissue digestor was operated at 110 to 120 C and approximately 15 lb/in2 (gauge) for 18 h before the system was allowed to cool to 50 C and dialysis bags were retrieved and submitted for microbial culture. None of the samples obtained from the dialysis bags after the digestion process yielded indicator bacteria or yeast. Giardia cysts were completely destroyed; only small fragments of what appeared to be cyst wall could be recognized with light microscopic examination. No plaque-forming units were detected with MS-2 bacteriophage after digestion. Samples of the hydrolyzate also did not yield growth on culture media. Animal carcasses were completely solubilized and digested, with only the inorganic components of the bones
Decontamination of metals, pentachlorophenol, and polychlorined dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans polluted soil in alkaline conditions using an amphoteric biosurfactant.
Reynier, Nicolas; Blais, Jean-François; Mercier, Guy; Besner, Simon
In this paper, flotation in acidic conditions and alkaline leaching soil washing processes were compared to decontaminate four soils with variable contamination with metals, pentachlorophenol (PCP), and polychlorodibenzo dioxins and furans (PCDD/F). The measured concentrations of the four soils prior treatment were between 50 and 250 mg/kg for As, 35 and 220mg/kg for Cr, 80 and 350mg/kg for Cu, and 2.5 and 30mg/kg for PCP. PCDD/F concentrations reached 1394, 1375, 3730, and 6289ng/kg for F1, S1, S2, and S3 soils, respectively. The tests were carried out with masses of 100g of soil (fraction 0-2 mm) in a 2 L beaker or in a 1 L flotation cell. Soil flotation in sulphuric acid for 1 h at 60 degreeC with three flotation cycles using the surfactant cocamidopropyl betaine (BW) at 1% allows the solubilization of metals and PCP with average removal yields of 85%, 51%, 90%, and 62% for As, Cr, Cu, and PCP, respectively. The alkaline leaching for 2 h at 80 degreeC solubilizes As, Cr, Cu, and PCP with average removal yields of 60%, 32%, 77%, and 87%, respectively. Tests on PCDD/F solubilization with different surfactants were carried out in combination with the alkaline leaching process. PCDD/F removal yields of 25%, 72%, 70%, and 74% for F1, S1, S2, and S3 soils, respectively, were obtained using the optimized conditions.
A XPS study of the Mo effect on passivation behaviors for highly controlled stainless steels in neutral and alkaline conditions
Mesquita, Thiago J.; Chauveau, Eric; Mantel, Marc; Nogueira, Ricardo P.
The objective of this work is to study the effect of Mo additions on film passive properties of three different stainless steels (SS) types (austenitic, ferritic and duplex alloys). A comparison between Mo containing (3 wt% Mo) and free Mo (0 wt% Mo) grades of highly controlled laboratory heats was done considering their passive film formed in different aggressive conditions, from neutral to alkaline pH. The presence of oxidized Mo on the passive layer was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The presence of Mo within the passive film improved the passivity breakdown potential for the duplex and ferritic SS, but seemed to have no effect for austenitic SS.
Mesquita, Thiago J., E-mail: thiago.mesquita@ugitech.com [Ugitech Research Center, Avenue Paul Girod, 73403 Ugine Cedex (France); Chauveau, Eric; Mantel, Marc [Ugitech Research Center, Avenue Paul Girod, 73403 Ugine Cedex (France); Nogueira, Ricardo P. [LEPMI UMR 5279 CNRS – Grenoble INP–Université de Savoie–Université Joseph Fourier BP 75, 38402 St Martin d’Hères (France)
Prebiotic Peptide (Amide) Bond Synthesis Accelerated by Glycerol and Bicarbonate Under Neutral to Alkaline Dry-Down Conditions
Forsythe, J. G.; Weber, A. L.
Past studies of prebiotic peptide bond synthesis have generally been carried out in the acidic to neutral pH range [1, 2]. Here we report a new process for peptide bond (amide) synthesis in the neutral to alkaline pH range that involves simple dry-down heating of amino acids in the presence of glycerol and bicarbonate. Glycerol was included in the reaction mixture as a solvent and to provide hydroxyl groups for possible formation of ester intermediates previously implicated in peptide bond synthesis under acidic to neutral conditions [1]. Bicarbonate was added to raise the reaction pH to 8-9.
Optimal Surface Amino-Functionalization Following Thermo-Alkaline Treatment of Nanostructured Silica Adsorbents for Enhanced CO2 Adsorption
Obdulia Medina-Juárez
Full Text Available Special preparation of Santa Barbara Amorphous (SBA-15, mesoporous silica with highly hexagonal ordered, these materials have been carried out for creating adsorbents exhibiting an enhanced and partially selective adsorption toward CO2. This creation starts from an adequate conditioning of the silica surface, via a thermo-alkaline treatment to increase the population of silanol species on it. CO2 adsorption is only reasonably achieved when the SiO2 surface becomes aminated after put in contact with a solution of an amino alkoxide compound in the right solvent. Unfunctionalized and amine-functionalized substrates were characterized through X-ray diffraction, N2 sorption, Raman spectroscopy, electron microscopy, 29Si solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR, and NH3 thermal programmed desorption. These analyses proved that the thermo-alkaline procedure desilicates the substrate and eliminates the micropores (without affecting the SBA-15 capillaries, present in the original solid. NMR analysis confirms that the hydroxylated solid anchors more amino functionalizing molecules than the unhydroxylated material. The SBA-15 sample subjected to hydroxylation and amino-functionalization displays a high enthalpy of interaction, a reason why this solid is suitable for a strong deposition of CO2 but with the possibility of observing a low-pressure hysteresis phenomenon. Contrastingly, CH4 adsorption on amino-functionalized, hydroxylated SBA-15 substrates becomes almost five times lower than the CO2 one, thus giving proof of their selectivity toward CO2. Although the amount of retained CO2 is not yet similar to or higher than those determined in other investigations, the methodology herein described is still susceptible to optimization.
Presence and patterns of alkaline phosphatase activity and phosphorus cycling in natural riparian zones under changing nutrient conditions
Peifang Wang
Full Text Available Phosphorus (P is an important limiting nutrient in aquatic ecosystems and knowledge of P cycling is fundamental for reducing harmful algae blooms and other negative effects in water. Despite their importance, the characteristics of P cycling under changing nutrient conditions in shallow lakes were poorly investigated. In this study, in situ incubation experiments were conducted in a natural riparian zone in the main diversion channel used for water transfer into Lake Taihu (Wangyu River. Variations in microbial biomass, dissolved P fractions (organic and inorganic, and alkaline phosphatase activity (bulk APA and specific APA were determined after incubation with and without the addition of P and nitrogen (N (4 total water treatments: +P, +N, +NP, and control. Experiments were conducted during two seasons (late spring and early fall to account for natural differences in nutrient levels that may occur in situ. Our results demonstrated that low levels of DRP may not necessarily indicate P limitation. Phytoplankton exhibited “serial N limitation with P stress� in May, such that chlorophyll a (Chl a increased significantly with N addition, while the limiting nutrient shifted to P in October and phytoplankton biomass increased with P addition. Phytoplankton contributed greatly to APA production and was significantly influenced by P bioavailability, yet high levels of bulk APA were also not necessarily indicative of P limitation. In contrast to phytoplankton, bacteria were less P stressed. As a consequence of enhanced utilization of dissolved reactive P (DRP and dissolved organic P (DOP, +N treatment elevated APA significantly. By contrast, APA could be repressed to low values and phytoplankton converted a large portion of DRP to DOP with P addition. But this was not consistent with bacteria APA (bact-APA in the absence or presence of abundant phytoplankton biomass. The correlation between bulk APA and DRP was good at separate sites and discrepant
Uranium(VI) retention by Ca-bentonite under (hyper)alkaline conditions
Philipp, Thimo; Schmeide, Katja [Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Dresden (Germany). Surface Processes
The sorption behavior of U(VI) on Ca-bentonite was studied in saline, (hyper)alkaline solution via batch experiments. At pH 8.5-9.5 sorption is low in the presence of CO{sub 2} due to the formation of weakly sorbing uranyl carbonate species, which have been observed to dominate speciation up to pH 10 by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS). In the pH region 10-12, U(VI) retention is almost complete. The retention can either be attributed to strongly sorbing uranyl hydroxo complexes or to a partial precipitation of uranium due to an altered solubility of U(VI) induced by ions leached out of the bentonite.
Sulfur-oxidizing autotrophic and mixotrophic denitrification processes for drinking water treatment: elimination of excess sulfate production and alkalinity requirement.
Sahinkaya, Erkan; Dursun, Nesrin
This study evaluated the elimination of alkalinity need and excess sulfate generation of sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification process by stimulating simultaneous autotrophic and heterotrophic (mixotrophic) denitrification process in a column bioreactor by methanol supplementation. Also, denitrification performances of sulfur-based autotrophic and mixotrophic processes were compared. In autotrophic process, acidity produced by denitrifying sulfur-oxidizing bacteria was neutralized by the external NaHCO(3) supplementation. After stimulating mixotrophic denitrification process, the alkalinity need of the autotrophic process was satisfied by the alkalinity produced by heterotrophic denitrifiers. Decreasing and lastly eliminating the external alkalinity supplementation did not adversely affect the process performance. Complete denitrification of 75 mg L(-1) NO(3)-N under mixotrophic conditions at 4 h hydraulic retention time was achieved without external alkalinity supplementation and with effluent sulfate concentration lower than the drinking water guideline value of 250 mg L(-1). The denitrification rate of mixotrophic process (0.45 g NO(3)-N L(-1) d(-1)) was higher than that of autotrophic one (0.3 g NO(3)-N L(-1) d(-1)). Batch studies showed that the sulfur-based autotrophic nitrate reduction rate increased with increasing initial nitrate concentration and transient accumulation of nitrite was observed. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Microbial impacts on 99mTc migration through sandstone under highly alkaline conditions relevant to radioactive waste disposal.
Smith, Sarah L; Boothman, Christopher; Williams, Heather A; Ellis, Beverly L; Wragg, Joanna; West, Julia M; Lloyd, Jonathan R
Geological disposal of intermediate level radioactive waste in the UK is planned to involve the use of cementitious materials, facilitating the formation of an alkali-disturbed zone within the host rock. The biogeochemical processes that will occur in this environment, and the extent to which they will impact on radionuclide migration, are currently poorly understood. This study investigates the impact of biogeochemical processes on the mobility of the radionuclide technetium, in column experiments designed to be representative of aspects of the alkali-disturbed zone. Results indicate that microbial processes were capable of inhibiting 99m Tc migration through columns, and X-ray radiography demonstrated that extensive physical changes had occurred to the material within columns where microbiological activity had been stimulated. The utilisation of organic acids under highly alkaline conditions, generating H 2 and CO 2 , may represent a mechanism by which microbial processes may alter the hydraulic conductivity of a geological environment. Column sediments were dominated by obligately alkaliphilic H 2 -oxidising bacteria, suggesting that the enrichment of these bacteria may have occurred as a result of H 2 generation during organic acid metabolism. The results from these experiments show that microorganisms are able to carry out a number of processes under highly alkaline conditions that could potentially impact on the properties of the host rock surrounding a geological disposal facility for intermediate level radioactive waste. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Reduction of hexavalent chromium by Pannonibacter phragmitetus LSSE-09 stimulated with external electron donors under alkaline conditions
Xu Lin; Luo Mingfang; Li Wangliang; Wei Xuetuan; Xie Keng; Liu Lijun; Jiang Chengying; Liu Huizhou
Research highlights: → Growing cells have high Cr (VI) resistant and reducing ability aerobically. → Resting cells show strong anaerobic-reduction potential. → Acetate can highly stimulate both aerobic and anaerobic reduction process. - Abstract: A novel Cr (VI) resistant bacterial strain LSSE-09, identified as Pannonibacter phragmitetus, was isolated from industrial sludge. It has strong aerobic and anaerobic Cr (VI)-reduction potential under alkaline conditions. At 37 o C and pH 9.0, growing cells of strain LSSE-09 could completely reduce 100 and 1000 mg L -1 Cr (VI)-Cr (III) within 9 and 24 h, respectively under aerobic condition. Resting cells showed higher anaerobic reduction potential with the rate of 1.46 mg g -1 (dryweight) min -1 , comparing with their aerobic reduction rate, 0.21 mg g -1 min -1 . External electron donors, such as lactate, acetate, formate, pyruvate, citrate and glucose could highly increase the reduction rate, especially for aerobic reduction. The presence of 3000 mg L -1 acetate enhanced anaerobic and aerobic Cr (VI)-reduction rates up to 9.47 mg g -1 min -1 and 4.42 mg g -1 min -1 , respectively, which were 5 and 20 times faster than those without it. Strain LSSE-09 retained high activities over six batch cycles and NO 3 - and SO 4 2- had slightly negative effects on Cr (VI)-reduction rates. The results suggest that strain LSSE-09 has potential application for Cr (VI) detoxification in alkaline wastewater.
Binary Solvent Extraction of Tocols, γ-Oryzanol, and Ferulic Acid from Rice Bran Using Alkaline Treatment Combined with Ultrasonication.
Truong, Hoa Thi; Luu, Phuong Duc; Imamura, Kiyoshi; Matsubara, Takeo; Takahashi, Hideki; Takenaka, Norimichi; Boi, Luu Van; Maeda, Yasuaki
Alkaline treatment (Alk) combined with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) (Alk+UAE) was examined as a means of extracting tocols and γ-oryzanol from rice bran into an organic phase while simultaneously recovering ferulic acid into an aqueous phase. The tocols and γ-oryzanol/ferulic acid yields were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence and UV detection. The effects of extraction conditions were evaluated by varying the Alk treatment temperature and extraction duration. The maximum yields of tocols and γ-oryzanol were obtained at 25 °C over a time span of 30 min. When the temperature was increased to 80 °C, the yield of ferulic acid increased dramatically, whereas the recovery of γ-oryzanol slightly decreased. Employing the Alk+UAE procedure, the recovered concentrations of tocols, γ-oryzanol, and ferulic acid were in the ranges of 146-518, 1591-3629, and 352-970 μg/g, respectively. These results are in good agreement with those reported for rice bran samples from Thailand.
Alkaline Treatment of Oil Palm Frond Fibers by Using Extract of Oil Palm EFB Ash for Better Adhesion toward Polymeric Matrix
Warman Fatra
Full Text Available In Indonesia, 187 million tons of biomass were produced from 8.11 million ha of oil palm plantation in 2009. This massive amount of biomass mainly consists of oil palm fronds (OPF and oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB, which are normally categorized as waste. The properties of OPF fibers compared to those of synthetic fibers, such as low density, low cost, less abrasion of equipment, and safer production, makes them an attractive reinforcement for composite materials. In this work, the utilization of oil palm empty fruit bunch ash for OPF fiber-polyester resin composite and the effect of process conditions were studied. Water absorption, tensile and flexural strength were used to characterize the effects of alkaline treatment on modified OPF fibers in polyester resin. The investigation focused on the effect of alkaline treatment time. Treatment temperature and liquid to solid ratio were analyzed using Response Surface Method-Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD. The highest tensile strength (44.87 MPa was achieved at 12 hours soaking time, at 40°C treatment temperature and 5:1 water to ash ratio. The highest flexural strength (120.50 MPa was obtained at 1.3 hours soaking time, 4 dissolving ratio and 35°C treatment temperature. The lowest water absorption of composite (3.00% was achieved at the longest soaking time (14.7 hours, 4 dissolving ratio and 35°C treatment temperature. Variance of soaking time, dissolving ratio and temperature in the alkaline treatment process using extract of oil palm empty fruit bunch ash significantly affected the mechanical and physical properties of the oil palm frond fibers reinforced composite.
Structural analysis of alkaline β-mannanase from alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. N16-5: implications for adaptation to alkaline conditions.
Yueju Zhao
Full Text Available Significant progress has been made in isolating novel alkaline β-mannanases, however, there is a paucity of information concerning the structural basis for alkaline tolerance displayed by these β-mannanases. We report the catalytic domain structure of an industrially important β-mannanase from the alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. N16-5 (BSP165 MAN at a resolution of 1.6 Å. This enzyme, classified into subfamily 8 in glycosyl hydrolase family 5 (GH5, has a pH optimum of enzymatic activity at pH 9.5 and folds into a classic (β/α(8-barrel. In order to gain insight into molecular features for alkaline adaptation, we compared BSP165 MAN with previously reported GH5 β-mannanases. It was revealed that BSP165 MAN and other subfamily 8 β-mannanases have significantly increased hydrophobic and Arg residues content and decreased polar residues, comparing to β-mannanases of subfamily 7 or 10 in GH5 which display optimum activities at lower pH. Further, extensive structural comparisons show alkaline β-mannanases possess a set of distinctive features. Position and length of some helices, strands and loops of the TIM barrel structures are changed, which contributes, to a certain degree, to the distinctly different shaped (β/α(8-barrels, thus affecting the catalytic environment of these enzymes. The number of negatively charged residues is increased on the molecular surface, and fewer polar residues are exposed to the solvent. Two amino acid substitutions in the vicinity of the acid/base catalyst were proposed to be possibly responsible for the variation in pH optimum of these homologous enzymes in subfamily 8 of GH5, identified by sequence homology analysis and pK(a calculations of the active site residues. Mutational analysis has proved that Gln91 and Glu226 are important for BSP165 MAN to function at high pH. These findings are proposed to be possible factors implicated in the alkaline adaptation of GH5 β-mannanases and will help to further
Uranium Anodic Dissolution under Slightly Alkaline Conditions Progress Report Full-Scale Demonstration with DU Foil
Gelis, A. [Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Brown, M. A. [Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Wiedmeyer, S. [Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Vandegrift, G. F. [Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) is developing an alternative method for digesting irradiated low enriched uranium (LEU) foil targets to produce 99Mo in neutral/alkaline media. This method consists of the electrolytic dissolution of irradiated uranium foil in sodium bicarbonate solution, followed by precipitation of base-insoluble fission and activation products, and uranyl-carbonate species with CaO. The addition of CaO is vital for the effective anion exchange separation of 99MoO42- from the fission products, since most of the interfering anions (e.g., CO32-) are removed from the solution, while molybdate remains in solution. An anion exchange is used to retain and to purify the 99Mo from the filtrate. The electrochemical dissolver has been designed and fabricated in 304 stainless-steel (SS), and tested for the dissolution of a full-size depleted uranium (DU) target, wrapped in Al foil. Future work will include testing with low-burn-up DU foil at Argonne and later with high-burn-up LEU foils at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
Effect of alkaline treatment on the sulfate content and quality of semi ...
May 6, 2015 ... quality of semi-refined carrageenan prepared from seaweed Kappaphycus ... importance for industry to deliver a standard product and to develop new ..... alkaline extraction media (compared to pure water) have also been ...
Experimental investigation of activities and tolerance of denitrifying bacteria under alkaline and reducing condition
Mine, Tatsuya; Mihara, Morihiro; Ooi, Takao
In the geological disposal system of TRU wastes, nitrogen generation by denitrifying bacteria could provide significant impact on the assessment of this system, because nitrate contained in process concentrated liquid waste might be electron acceptor for denitrifying bacteria. In this study, the activities and tolerance of denitrifying under disposal condition were investigated. Pseudomonas denitrificans as denitrifying bacteria was used. The results showed that Pseudomonas denitrificans had activity under reducing condition, but under high pH condition (pH>9.5), the activity of Pseudomonas denitrificans was not detected. It is possible that the activity of Pseudomonas denitrificans would be low under disposal condition. (author)
Alkaline conditions stimulate the production of 1,3-propanediol in Lactobacillus panis PM1 through shifting metabolic pathways.
Grahame, Douglas A S; Kang, Tae Sun; Khan, Nurul H; Tanaka, Takuji
A novel Lactobacillus panis PM1 isolate was found to be capable of converting glycerol to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO), an increasingly valuable commodity chemical. In this study the effects of various process parameters, including glucose and glycerol concentrations, inoculum size, temperature, aeration, pH, and carbon source were examined to determine the optimal conditions for the production of 1,3-PDO using a culture method simulating late log to early stationary phases. Inoculum size did not influence the production of 1,3-PDO, and temperature variance showed similar 1,3-PDO production between 25 and 37 °C under the examined conditions. Glycerol concentration and pH played a primary role in the final concentration of 1,3-PDO. The highest production occurred at 150-250 mM glycerol when 50 mM glucose was available. Alkaline initial conditions (pH 9-10) stimulated the production of 1,3-PDO which concurrently occurred with increased acetic acid production. Under these conditions, 213.6 mM of 1,3-PDO were produced from 300 mM glycerol (conversion efficiency was 71 %). These observations indicated that the production of 1,3-PDO was associated with the shift of the metabolic end-product ethanol to acetic acid, and that this shift resulted in an excess concentration of NADH available for the processing of glycerol to 1,3-PDO.
Alkalinity to calcium flux ratios for corals and coral reef communities: variances between isolated and community conditions
Liana J.A. Murillo
Full Text Available Calcification in reef corals and coral reefs is widely measured using the alkalinity depletion method which is based on the fact that two protons are produced for every mole of CaCO3 precipitated. This assumption was tested by measuring the total alkalinity (TA flux and Ca2+ flux of isolated components (corals, alga, sediment and plankton in reference to that of a mixed-community. Experiments were conducted in a flume under natural conditions of sunlight, nutrients, plankton and organic matter. A realistic hydrodynamic regime was provided. Groups of corals were run separately and in conjunction with the other reef components in a mixed-community. The TA flux to Ca2+ flux ratio (ΔTA: ΔCa2+ was consistently higher in the coral-only run (2.06 ± 0.19 than in the mixed-community run (1.60 ± 0.14, p-value = 0.011. The pH was higher and more stable in the mixed-community run (7.94 ± 0.03 vs. 7.52 ± 0.07, p-value = 3 × 10−5. Aragonite saturation state (Ωarag was also higher in the mixed-community run (2.51 ± 0.2 vs. 1.12 ± 0.14, p-value = 2 × 10−6. The sediment-only run revealed that sediment is the source of TA that can account for the lower ΔTA: ΔCa2+ ratio in the mixed-community run. The macroalgae-only run showed that algae were responsible for the increased pH in the mixed-community run. Corals growing in a mixed-community will experience an environment that is more favorable to calcification (higher daytime pH due to algae photosynthesis, additional TA and inorganic carbon from sediments, higher Ωarag. A paradox is that the alkalinity depletion method will yield a lower net calcification for a mixed-community versus a coral-only community due to TA recycling, even though the corals may be calcifying at a higher rate due to a more optimal environment.
Eichrom's ABEC trademark resins: Alkaline radioactive waste treatment, radiopharmaceutical, and potential hydrometallurgical applications
Bond, A.H.; Gula, M.J.; Chang, F.; Rogers, R.D.
Eichrom's ABEC trademark resins selectivity extract certain anions from high ionic strength acidic, neutral, or strongly alkaline media, and solute stripping can be accomplished by eluting with water. ABEC resins are stable to pH extreme and radiolysis and operate in high ionic strength and/or alkaline solutions where anion-exchange is often ineffective. Potential applications of the ABEC materials include heavy metal and ReO 4 - separations in hydrometallurgy and purification of perrhenate iodide, and iodate in radiopharmaceutical production. Separation of 99m TcO 4 - from its 99 MoO 4 2- parent and stripping with water or physiological saline solution have been demonstrated for radiopharmaceutical applications. Removal of 99 TcO 4 - and 129 I - from alkaline tank wastes has also been successfully demonstrated. The authors will discuss the scale-up studies, process-scale testing, and market development of this new extraction material
Non-polluting treatment of alkaline uranium effluents contaning SO42- ions
Berger, Bernard.
New non-polluting process for treating uranium effluents from the alkaline digestion of an uranium ore containing sulfur, which makes it possible, on the one hand, to extract uranium and SO 4 2- contained in these effluents allowing the recycling of the sole alkaline carbonates and/or bicarbonates involved, towards the digestion of the ore and on the other hand the separation of the mixture uranium and SO 4 2- ions extracted simultaneously to obtain relatively pure uranium in oxide form [fr
Monitoring of corrosion rates of Fe-Cu alloys under wet/dry condition in weakly alkaline environments
Kim, Je Kyoung; Nishikata, Atsushi; Tsuru, Tooru
When the steel, containing scrap elements like copper, is used as reinforcing steel bars for concrete, the steel is exposed to alkaline environments. in this study, AC impedance technique has been applied to the monitoring of corrosion rates of iron and several Fe-Cu (0.4, 10wt%) alloys in a wet-dry cycle condition. The wet-dry cycle was conducted by exposure to alternate conditions of 1 hour-immersion in a simulated pH10 concrete solution (Ca(OH) 2 ) containing 0.01M NaCl and 3 hour-drying at 298K and 50%RH. The corrosion rate of the iron is greatly accelerated by the wet-dry cycles. Because the active FeOOH species, which are produced by the oxidation of Fe(II, III)oxide in air during drying, act as very strong oxidants to the corrosion in the wet condition. As the drying progresses, iron shows a large increase in the corrosion rate and a small shift of the corrosion potential to the positive values. This can be explained by acceleration of oxygen transport through the thin electrolyte layer In contrast to iron, the Fe-Cu alloys show low corrosion rates and the high corrosion potentials in whole cycles
Removal of toxic and alkali/alkaline earth metals during co-thermal treatment of two types of MSWI fly ashes in China.
Yu, Jie; Qiao, Yu; Jin, Limei; Ma, Chuan; Paterson, Nigel; Sun, Lushi
This study aims to vaporize heavy metals and alkali/alkaline earth metals from two different types of fly ashes by thermal treatment method. Fly ash from a fluidized bed incinerator (HK fly ash) was mixed with one from a grate incinerator (HS fly ash) in various proportions and thermally treated under different temperatures. The melting of HS fly ash was avoided when treated with HK fly ash. Alkali/alkaline earth metals in HS fly ash served as Cl-donors to promote the vaporization of heavy metals during thermal treatment. With temperature increasing from 800 to 900°C, significant amounts of Cl, Na and K were vaporized. Up to 1000°C in air, less than 3% of Cl and Na and less than 5% of K were retained in ash. Under all conditions, Cd can be vaporized effectively. The vaporization of Pb was mildly improved when treated with HS fly ash, while the effect became less pronounced above 900°C. Alkali/alkaline earth metals can promote Cu vaporization by forming copper chlorides. Comparatively, Zn vaporization was low and only slightly improved by HS fly ash. The low vaporization of Zn could be caused by the formation of Zn2SiO4, ZnFe2O4 and ZnAl2O4. Under all conditions, less than 20% of Cr was vaporized. In a reductive atmosphere, the vaporization of Cd and Pb were as high as that in oxidative atmosphere. However, the vaporization of Zn was accelerated and that of Cu was hindered because the formation of Zn2SiO4, ZnFe2O4 and ZnAl2O4 and copper chloride was depressed in reductive atmosphere. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Controlling the Molecular Weight of Lignosulfonates by an Alkaline Oxidative Treatment at Moderate Temperatures and Atmospheric Pressure: A Size-Exclusion and Reverse-Phase Chromatography Study
Chamseddine Guizani
Full Text Available The molecular weights of lignosulfonates (LSs are modified by a rather simple process involving an alkaline oxidative treatment at moderate temperatures (70–90 °C and atmospheric pressure. Starting from LSs with an average molecular weight of 90,000 Da, and using such a treatment, one can prepare controlled molecular weight LSs in the range of 30,000 to 3500 Da based on the average mass molecular weight. The LS depolymerisation was monitored via reverse-phase and size-exclusion chromatography. It has been shown that the combination of O2, H2O2 and Cu as a catalyst in alkaline conditions at 80 °C induces a high LS depolymerisation. The depolymerisation was systemically accompanied by a vanillin production, the yields of which reached 1.4 wt % (weight percentage on LS raw basis in such conditions. Also, the average molecular weight and vanillin concentration were correlated and depended linearly on the temperature and reaction duration.
Multi-technique approach for qualitative and quantitative characterization of furazidin degradation kinetics under alkaline conditions.
Bērziņš, K�rlis; Kons, Artis; Grante, Ilze; Dzabijeva, Diana; Nakurte, Ilva; Actiņš, Andris
Degradation of drug furazidin was studied under different conditions of environmental pH (11-13) and temperature (30-60°C). The novel approach of hybrid hard- and soft-multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (HS-MCR-ALS) method was applied to UV-vis spectral data to determine a valid kinetic model and kinetic parameters of the degradation process. The system was found to be comprised of three main species and best characterized by two consecutive first-order reactions. Furazidin degradation rate was found to be highly dependent on the applied environmental conditions, showing more prominent differences between both degradation steps towards higher pH and temperature. Complimentary qualitative analysis of the degradation process was carried out using HPLC-DAD-TOF-MS. Based on the obtained chromatographic and mass spectrometric results, as well as additional computational analysis of the species (theoretical UV-vis spectra calculations utilizing TD-DFT methodology), the operating degradation mechanism was proposed to include formation of a 5-hydroxyfuran derivative, followed by complete hydrolysis of furazidin hydantoin ring. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A Comparison of Alkaline Water and Mediterranean Diet vs Proton Pump Inhibition for Treatment of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux.
Zalvan, Craig H; Hu, Shirley; Greenberg, Barbara; Geliebter, Jan
Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a common disorder with protean manifestations in the head and neck. In this retrospective study, we report the efficacy of a wholly dietary approach using alkaline water, a plant-based, Mediterranean-style diet, and standard reflux precautions compared with that of the traditional treatment approach of proton pump inhibition (PPI) and standard reflux precautions. To determine whether treatment with a diet-based approach with standard reflux precautions alone can improve symptoms of LPR compared with treatment with PPI and standard reflux precautions. This was a retrospective medical chart review of 2 treatment cohorts. From 2010 to 2012, 85 patients with LPR that were treated with PPI and standard reflux precautions (PS) were identified. From 2013 to 2015, 99 patients treated with alkaline water (pH >8.0), 90% plant-based, Mediterranean-style diet, and standard reflux precautions (AMS) were identified. The outcome was based on change in Reflux Symptom Index (RSI). Recorded change in the RSI after 6 weeks of treatment. Of the 184 patients identified in the PS and AMS cohorts, the median age of participants in each cohort was 60 years (95% CI, 18-82) and 57 years (95% CI, 18-93), respectively (47 [56.3%] and 61 [61.7%] were women, respectively). The percentage of patients achieving a clinically meaningful (≥6 points) reduction in RSI was 54.1% in PS-treated patients and 62.6% in AMS-treated patients (difference between the groups, 8.05; 95% CI, -5.74 to 22.76). The mean reduction in RSI was 27.2% for the PS group and 39.8% in the AMS group (difference, 12.10; 95% CI, 1.53 to 22.68). Our data suggest that the effect of PPI on the RSI based on proportion reaching a 6-point reduction in RSI is not significantly better than that of alkaline water, a plant-based, Mediterranean-style diet, and standard reflux precautions, although the difference in the 2 treatments could be clinically meaningful in favor of the dietary approach. The
Classical conditioning in the treatment of psoriasis.
Ader, R
It has been argued that the placebo effect represents a learned response. Research is suggested to address the utility of applying principles derived from classical (Pavlovian) conditioning to the design of drug treatment protocols. In the present instance, it is hypothesized that, by capitalizing on conditioned pharmacotherapeutic responses, it may be possible to reduce the cumulative amount of corticosteroid medication used in the treatment of psoriasis.
Membrane treatment of alkaline bleaching effluents from elementary chlorine free kraft softwood cellulose production.
Oñate, Elizabeth; RodrÃguez, Edgard; Bórquez, Rodrigo; Zaror, Claudio
This paper reports experimental results on the sequential use of ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) to fractionate alkaline extraction bleaching effluents from kraft cellulose production. The aim was to unveil the way key pollutants are distributed when subjected to sequential UF/NF/RO membrane separation processes. Alkaline bleaching effluents were obtained from a local pinewood-based mill, featuring elementary chlorine free bleaching to produce high-brightness cellulose. The experimental system was based on a laboratory-scale membrane system, DSS LabStak® M20 Alfa Laval, using Alfa Laval UF and NF/RO membranes, operated at a constant transmembrane pressure (6 bar for UF membranes and 32 bar for NF/RO membranes), at 25°C. Results show that 78% chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phenols, 82% adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) and 98% colour were retained by UF membranes which have molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) above 10 kDa. In all, 16% of original COD, total phenols and AOX, and the remaining 2% colour were retained by UF membranes within the 1 to 10 kDa MWCO range. Chloride ions were significantly present in all UF permeates, and RO was required to obtain a high-quality permeate with a view to water reuse. It is concluded that UF/NF/RO membranes offer a feasible option for water and chemicals recovery from alkaline bleaching effluents in kraft pulp production.
Volatile Fatty Acids Production from Codigestion of Food Waste and Sewage Sludge Based on β-Cyclodextrins and Alkaline Treatments.
Yang, Xue; Liu, Xiang; Chen, Si; Liu, Guangmin; Wu, Shuyan; Wan, Chunli
Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are preferred valuable resources, which can be produced from anaerobic digestion process. This study presents a novel technology using β -cyclodextrins ( β -CD) pretreatment integrated alkaline method to enhance VFAs production from codigestion of food waste and sewage sludge. Experiment results showed that optimized ratio of food waste to sewage sludge was 3 : 2 because it provided adequate organic substance and seed microorganisms. Based on this optimized ratio, the integrated treatment of alkaline pH 10 and β -CD addition (0.2 g/g TS) performed the best enhancement on VFAs production, and the maximum VFAs production was 8631.7 mg/L which was 6.13, 1.38, and 1.57 times higher than that of control, initial pH 10, and 0.2 g β -CD/g TS treatment, respectively. Furthermore, the hydrolysis rate of protein and polysaccharides was greatly improved in integration treatment, which was 1.18-3.45 times higher than that of other tests. Though the VFAs production and hydrolysis of polymeric organics were highly enhanced, the primary bacterial communities with different treatments did not show substantial differences.
Modification of chemical reactivity of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin by ultrasound treatment in dilute alkaline solutions.
Ma, Zhuoming; Li, Shujun; Fang, Guizhen; Patil, Nikhil; Yan, Ning
In this study, we have explored various ultrasound treatment conditions for structural modification of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) for enhanced chemical reactivity. The key structural modifications were characterized by using a combination of analytical methods, including, Fourier Transform-Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( 1 H NMR), Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) method. Chemical reactivity of the modified EHL samples was determined by both 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and their reactivity towards formaldehyde. It was observed that the modified EHL had a higher phenolic hydroxyl group content, a lower molecular weight, a higher reactivity towards formaldehyde, and a greater antioxidant property. The higher reactivity demonstrated by the samples after treatment suggesting that ultrasound is a promising method for modifying enzymatic hydrolysis lignin for value-added applications. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Localization of Alkaline Phosphatase and Cathepsin D during Cell Restoration after Colchicine Treatment in Primary Cultures of Fetal Rat Hepatocytes
Chida, Kohsuke; Taguchi, Meiko
Localization of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and cathepsin D (CAPD) in primary cultures of fetal rat hepatocytes was examined using double immunofluorescent staining in order to investigate the relationship between lysosome movement and the fate of ALP during cell restoration after microtubule disruption by colchicine. At 3 hr and 24 hr after colchicine treatment, numerous coarse dots containing ALP were observed throughout the cytoplasm, and some of these showed colocalization with CAPD. At 48 hr and 72 hr after colchicine treatment, although most of the dots containing ALP in the cytoplasm disappeared, dots containing CAPD remained. The present results suggest that the denatured ALP proteins remaining in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes during cell restoration after colchicine treatment are digested by lysosomes
Combination treatment of alkaline electrolyzed water and citric acid with mild heat to ensure microbial safety, shelf-life and sensory quality of shredded carrots.
Rahman, S M E; Jin, Yong-Guo; Oh, Deog-Hwan
The objective of this study was to determine the synergistic effect of alkaline electrolyzed water and citric acid with mild heat against background and pathogenic microorganisms on carrots. Shredded carrots were inoculated with approximately 6-7 log CFU/g of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (932, and 933) and Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19116, and 19111) and then dip treated with alkaline electrolyzed water (AlEW), acidic electrolyzed water (AcEW), 100 ppm sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), deionized water (DaIW), or 1% citric acid (CA) alone or with combinations of AlEW and 1% CA (AlEW + CA). The populations of spoilage bacteria on the carrots were investigated after various exposure times (1, 3, and 5 min) and treatment at different dipping temperatures (1, 20, 40, and 50 °C) and then optimal condition (3 min at 50 °C) was applied against foodborne pathogens on the carrots. When compared to the untreated control, treatment AcEW most effectively reduced the numbers of total bacteria, yeast and fungi, followed by AlEW and 100 ppm NaOCl. Exposure to all treatments for 3 min significantly reduced the numbers of total bacteria, yeast and fungi on the carrots. As the dipping temperature increased from 1 °C to 50 °C, the reductions of total bacteria, yeast and fungi increased significantly from 0.22 to 2.67 log CFU/g during the wash treatment (p ≤ 0.05). The combined 1% citric acid and AlEW treatment at 50 °C showed a reduction of the total bacterial count and the yeast and fungi of around 3.7 log CFU/g, as well as effective reduction of L. monocytogenes (3.97 log CFU/g), and E. Coli O157:H7 (4 log CFU/g). Combinations of alkaline electrolyzed water and citric acid better maintained the sensory and microbial quality of the fresh-cut carrots and enhanced the overall shelf-life of the produce. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Aeration to degas CO2, increase pH, and increase iron oxidation rates for efficient treatment of net alkaline mine drainage
Kirby, C.S.; Dennis, A.; Kahler, A.
, and initial Fe(II) concentration. The maximum oxidation rate was 1.3 x 10 -4 mol L -1 s -1 . The model was modified to predict alkalinity, P CO2 , dissolved O 2 , and pH changes based on initial conditions and aeration rate. This more complex model also fits the data well, is more predictive than the first model, and should serve as a tool for predicting pond size needed for aerated Fe(II) oxidation at the field scale without the need for field pilot studies. Iron(II) oxidation modeling of actively aerated systems predicted that a 1-m deep pond with 10 times less area than estimated for passive treatment would lower Fe(II) concentrations to less than 1 mg L -1 at summer and winter temperatures for both sites. The use of active aeration for treatment of CO 2 -rich, net-alkaline discharges (including partially treated effluent from anoxic limestone drains) can result in considerably reduced treatment area for oxidation and may lower treatment costs, but settling of Fe hydroxides was not considered in this study. The reduced capital cost for earthmoving will need to be compared to energy and maintenance costs for aeration.
Plasma Membranes Modified by Plasma Treatment or Deposition as Solid Electrolytes for Potential Application in Solid Alkaline Fuel Cells
Reinholdt, Marc; Ilie, Alina; Roualdès, Stéphanie; Frugier, Jérémy; Schieda, Mauricio; Coutanceau, Christophe; Martemianov, Serguei; Flaud, Valérie; Beche, Eric; Durand, Jean
In the highly competitive market of fuel cells, solid alkaline fuel cells using liquid fuel (such as cheap, non-toxic and non-valorized glycerol) and not requiring noble metal as catalyst seem quite promising. One of the main hurdles for emergence of such a technology is the development of a hydroxide-conducting membrane characterized by both high conductivity and low fuel permeability. Plasma treatments can enable to positively tune the main fuel cell membrane requirements. In this work, commercial ADP-Morgane® fluorinated polymer membranes and a new brand of cross-linked poly(aryl-ether) polymer membranes, named AMELI-32®, both containing quaternary ammonium functionalities, have been modified by argon plasma treatment or triallylamine-based plasma deposit. Under the concomitant etching/cross-linking/oxidation effects inherent to the plasma modification, transport properties (ionic exchange capacity, water uptake, ionic conductivity and fuel retention) of membranes have been improved. Consequently, using plasma modified ADP-Morgane® membrane as electrolyte in a solid alkaline fuel cell operating with glycerol as fuel has allowed increasing the maximum power density by a factor 3 when compared to the untreated membrane. PMID:24958295
Plasma membranes modified by plasma treatment or deposition as solid electrolytes for potential application in solid alkaline fuel cells.
In the highly competitive market of fuel cells, solid alkaline fuel cells using liquid fuel (such as cheap, non-toxic and non-valorized glycerol) and not requiring noble metal as catalyst seem quite promising. One of the main hurdles for emergence of such a technology is the development of a hydroxide-conducting membrane characterized by both high conductivity and low fuel permeability. Plasma treatments can enable to positively tune the main fuel cell membrane requirements. In this work, commercial ADP-Morgane® fluorinated polymer membranes and a new brand of cross-linked poly(aryl-ether) polymer membranes, named AMELI-32®, both containing quaternary ammonium functionalities, have been modified by argon plasma treatment or triallylamine-based plasma deposit. Under the concomitant etching/cross-linking/oxidation effects inherent to the plasma modification, transport properties (ionic exchange capacity, water uptake, ionic conductivity and fuel retention) of membranes have been improved. Consequently, using plasma modified ADP-Morgane® membrane as electrolyte in a solid alkaline fuel cell operating with glycerol as fuel has allowed increasing the maximum power density by a factor 3 when compared to the untreated membrane.
Radiation treatment of painful degenerative skeletal conditions
Schaefer, U.; Micke, O.; Willich, N.
The study reported was intended to present own experience with irradiation for treatment of painful degenerative skeletal conditions and examine the long-term effects of this treatment. A retrospective study was performed covering the period from 1985 until 1991, examining 157 patients suffering from painful degenerative skeletal conditions who entered information on the success of their radiation treatment in a questionnaire. 94 of the questionnaires could be used for evaluation. Pain anamnesis revealed periods of more than one year in 45% of the cases. 74% of the patients had been treated without success with drug or orthopedic therapy. Immediately after termination of the radiotherapy, 38% of the patients said to be free of pain or to feel essentially relieved, while at the time the questionnaire was distributed, the percentage was 76%. Thus in our patient material, radiotherapy for treatment of painful degenerative skeletal lesions was successful in 76% of the cases and for long post-treatment periods, including those cases whith long pain anamnesis and unsuccessful conventional pre-treatment. (orig./MG) [de
Alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment for TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles with superior water-dispersibility and visible-light photocatalytic activity
Wu, Chung-Yi; Tu, Kuan-Ju; Lo, Yu-Shiu [Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, College of Nuclear Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (China); Pang, Yean Ling [Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Selangor (Malaysia); Wu, Chien-Hou, E-mail: chwu@mx.nthu.edu.tw [Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, College of Nuclear Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (China)
Alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment was proposed as a simple and green way to improve the performance of commercial TiO{sub 2} powder for water-dispersibility and visible-light photocatalytic activity on the degradation of dye pollutants. The performance of treated TiO{sub 2} was evaluated as a function of NaOH concentration, H{sub 2}O{sub 2} concentration, and treatment time. The optimal conditions were determined to be 24 h in 100 mM H{sub 2}O{sub 2} and 8 M NaOH. The treated samples were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry. The analysis revealed that the crystal structure, morphology, and absorption band gap were retained, but the surface of the treated TiO{sub 2} was dramatically changed. The treated TiO{sub 2} was highly dispersible with a uniform hydrodynamic size of 41 ± 12 nm and stable over months in water at pH 3 without any stabilizing ligand and could significantly enhance the visible-light photodegradation of dye pollutants. The superior performance might be attributed to the formation of abundant surface hydroxyl groups. This treatment paves the way for developing water-dispersible TiO{sub 2} with superior visible-light induced photocatalytic degradation of dye pollutants without any complicated and expensive surface modification. - Highlights: • Alkaline hydrogen peroxide is proposed to treat commercial TiO{sub 2} powder. • The treated TiO{sub 2} powder exhibits superior water-dispersibility with a uniform size distribution. • The treated TiO{sub 2} powder can significantly enhance the visible-light photodegradation of dyes.
Alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment for TiO_2 nanoparticles with superior water-dispersibility and visible-light photocatalytic activity
Wu, Chung-Yi; Tu, Kuan-Ju; Lo, Yu-Shiu; Pang, Yean Ling; Wu, Chien-Hou
Alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment was proposed as a simple and green way to improve the performance of commercial TiO_2 powder for water-dispersibility and visible-light photocatalytic activity on the degradation of dye pollutants. The performance of treated TiO_2 was evaluated as a function of NaOH concentration, H_2O_2 concentration, and treatment time. The optimal conditions were determined to be 24 h in 100 mM H_2O_2 and 8 M NaOH. The treated samples were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry. The analysis revealed that the crystal structure, morphology, and absorption band gap were retained, but the surface of the treated TiO_2 was dramatically changed. The treated TiO_2 was highly dispersible with a uniform hydrodynamic size of 41 ± 12 nm and stable over months in water at pH 3 without any stabilizing ligand and could significantly enhance the visible-light photodegradation of dye pollutants. The superior performance might be attributed to the formation of abundant surface hydroxyl groups. This treatment paves the way for developing water-dispersible TiO_2 with superior visible-light induced photocatalytic degradation of dye pollutants without any complicated and expensive surface modification. - Highlights: • Alkaline hydrogen peroxide is proposed to treat commercial TiO_2 powder. • The treated TiO_2 powder exhibits superior water-dispersibility with a uniform size distribution. • The treated TiO_2 powder can significantly enhance the visible-light photodegradation of dyes.
The impact of pH on floc structure characteristic of polyferric chloride in a low DOC and high alkalinity surface water treatment.
Cao, Baichuan; Gao, Baoyu; Liu, Xin; Wang, Mengmeng; Yang, Zhonglian; Yue, Qinyan
The adjustment of pH is an important way to enhance removal efficiency in coagulation units, and in this process, the floc size, strength and structure can be changed, influencing the subsequent solid/liquid separation effect. In this study, an inorganic polymer coagulant, polyferric chloride (PFC) was used in a low dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and high alkalinity surface water treatment. The influence of coagulation pH on removal efficiency, floc growth, strength, re-growth capability and fractal dimension was examined. The optimum dosage was predetermined as 0.150 mmol/L, and excellent particle and organic matter removal appeared in the pH range of 5.50-5.75. The structure characteristics of flocs formed under four pH conditions were investigated through the analysis of floc size, effect of shear and particle scattering properties by a laser scattering instrument. The results indicated that flocs formed at neutral pH condition gave the largest floc size and the highest growth rate. During the coagulation period, the fractal dimension of floc aggregates increased in the first minutes and then decreased and larger flocs generally had smaller fractal dimensions. The floc strength, which was assessed by the relationship of floc diameter and velocity gradient, decreased with the increase of coagulation pH. Flocs formed at pH 4.00 had better recovery capability when exposed to lower shear forces, while flocs formed at neutral and alkaline conditions had better performance under higher shear forces. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Preparation by alkaline treatment and detailed characterisation of empty hepatitis B virus core particles for vaccine and gene therapy applications
Strods, Arnis; Ose, Velta; Bogans, Janis; Cielens, Indulis; Kalnins, Gints; Radovica, Ilze; Kazaks, Andris; Pumpens, Paul; Renhofa, Regina
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) core (HBc) virus-like particles (VLPs) are one of the most powerful protein engineering tools utilised to expose immunological epitopes and/or cell-targeting signals and for the packaging of genetic material and immune stimulatory sequences. Although HBc VLPs and their numerous derivatives are produced in highly efficient bacterial and yeast expression systems, the existing purification and packaging protocols are not sufficiently optimised and standardised. Here, a simple alkaline treatment method was employed for the complete removal of internal RNA from bacteria- and yeast-produced HBc VLPs and for the conversion of these VLPs into empty particles, without any damage to the VLP structure. The empty HBc VLPs were able to effectively package the added DNA and RNA sequences. Furthermore, the alkaline hydrolysis technology appeared efficient for the purification and packaging of four different HBc variants carrying lysine residues on the HBc VLP spikes. Utilising the introduced lysine residues and the intrinsic aspartic and glutamic acid residues exposed on the tips of the HBc spikes for chemical coupling of the chosen peptide and/or nucleic acid sequences ensured a standard and easy protocol for the further development of versatile HBc VLP-based vaccine and gene therapy applications.
Charge-Discharge Properties of the Surface-Modified ZrNi Alloy Electrode with Different Degrees of Boiling Alkaline Treatment
Akihiro Matsuyama
Full Text Available Charge-discharge properties of the surface-modified ZrNi negative electrodes with different degrees of boiling alkaline treatment were investigated. The boiling alkaline treatment was performed by immersing the ZrNi electrode in a boiling 6 M KOH aqueous solution for 2 h or 4 h. The initial discharge capacity for the untreated ZrNi negative electrode was 21 mAh·g−1, but it was increased to 114 mAh·g−1 and 308 mAh·g−1 after the boiling alkaline treatments for 2 h and 4 h, respectively. The discharge capacity for the ZrNi negative electrode after the treatment for 2 h steadily increased with repeating charge-discharge cycles as well as that of the untreated electrode, whereas that for the ZrNi negative electrode after the 4 h treatment greatly decreased. The high rate of dischargeability was improved with an increase in the treatment period of time, and the charge-transfer resistance was drastically decreased. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM and electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy demonstrated the ZrO2 passive layer on the ZrNi alloy surface was removed by the boiling alkaline treatment to form a porous morphology containing Ni(OH2, which can be reduced to Ni during charging, leading to the reduction of a barrier for the charge-discharge reactions.
Production of class a biosolids with anoxic low dose alkaline treatment and odor management
Abu-Orf, M.M.; Brewster, J.; Oleszkiewicz, J.; Reimers, R.S.; Lagasse, P.; Amy, B.; Glindemann, D.
The feasibility of full-scale anoxic disinfection of dewatered and digested sludge from Winnipeg, Manitoba with low lime doses and lagoon fly ash was investigated to determine if a class A product could be produced. Lime doses of 50g, 100g, and 200g per kg of biosolids (dry) were used along with fly ash doses of 500g. 1000g. and 1500g per kg of biosolids (dry). The mixed product was buried in eight-10 cubic meter trenches at the West End Water Pollution Control Center In Winnipeg. The trenches were backfilled with dirt and trapped to simulate anoxic conditions. Sampling cages were packed with the mixed product and pathogens non-indigenous to Winnipeg's biosolids. The cages were buried amongst the mixed biosolids in the trench. The non-indigenous pathogens spiked in the laboratory were the helminth Ascaris suum and the enteric virus reovirus. Samples were removed at days 12, 40, 69, 291, and 356 and were tested for the presence of fecal Coliform, Clostridium perfringens spores, Ascaris suum eggs, and reovirus. The pH, total solids, and free ammonia content of the mixed product were also determined for each sample. Odor was quantified for samples at both 291 and 356 days. Fecal Coliform bacteria and reovirus were completely inactivated for doses as low as 100g lime per kg biosolids (dry) and 50g lime + 500g fly ash per kg biosolids (dry). Spores of the bacteria C. perfringens experienced a 4-log reduction when treated with 100g lime per kg biosolids and a 5-log reduction when treated with doses as low as 50g lime + 500g fly ash per kg biosolids (dry) after 69 days. Ascaris eggs were completely inactivated in 5 gram packets for all treatments involving 100g lime per kg biosolids (dry) after 69 days. Class A pathogen requirements were met for all treatments involving a lime dose of at least 100g per kg biosolids. The odor potential from the produced biosolids is also assessed. (author)
Determination of cobalt in biological samples by line-source and high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry using solid sampling or alkaline treatment
Ribeiro, Anderson Schwingel; Vieira, Mariana Antunes; Furtado da Silva, Alessandra; Borges, Daniel L. Gallindo; Welz, Bernhard; Heitmann, Uwe; Curtius, Adilson Jose
Two procedures for the determination of Co in biological samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS) were compared: solid sampling (SS) and alkaline treatment with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) using two different instruments for the investigation: a conventional line-source (LS) atomic absorption spectrometer and a prototype high-resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometer. For the direct introduction of the solid samples, certified reference materials (CRM) were ground to a particle size ≤50 μm. Alkaline treatment was carried out by placing about 250 mg of the sample in polypropylene flasks, adding 2 mL of 25% m/v tetramethylammonium hydroxide and de-ionized water. Due to its unique capacity of providing a 3-D spectral plot, a high-resolution continuum source (HR-CS) graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was used as a tool to evaluate potential spectral interferences, including background absorption for both sample introduction procedures, revealing that a continuous background preceded the atomic signal for pyrolysis temperatures lower than 700 deg. C. Molecular absorption bands with pronounced rotational fine structure appeared for atomization temperatures >1800 deg. C probably as a consequence of the formation of PO. After optimization had been carried out using high resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry, the optimized conditions were adopted also for line-source atomic absorption spectrometry. Six biological certified reference materials were analyzed, with calibration against aqueous standards, resulting in agreement with the certified values (according to the t-test for a 95% confidence level) and in detection limits as low as 5 ng g -1
Mode of de-esterification of alkaline and acidic pectin methyl esterases at different pH conditions.
Duvetter, Thomas; Fraeye, Ilse; Sila, Daniel N; Verlent, Isabel; Smout, Chantal; Hendrickx, Marc; Van Loey, Ann
Highly esterified citrus pectin was de-esterified at pH 4.5 and 8.0 by a fungal pectin methyl esterase (PME) that was shown to have an acidic isoelectric pH (pI) and an acidic pH optimum and by a plant PME that was characterized by an alkaline pI and an alkaline pH optimum. Interchain and intrachain de-esterification patterns were studied by digestion of the pectin products with endo-polygalacturonase and subsequent analysis using size exclusion and anion-exchange chromatography. No effect of pH was observed on the de-esterification mode of either of the two enzymes. Acidic, fungal PME converted pectin according to a multiple-chain mechanism, with a limited degree of multiple attack at the intrachain level, both at pH 4.5 and at pH 8.0. A multiple-attack mechanism, with a high degree of multiple attack, was more appropriate to describe the action mode of alkaline, plant PME, both at pH 4.5 and at pH 8.0.
Passive aerobic treatment of net-alkaline, iron-laden drainage from a flooded underground anthracite mine, Pennsylvania, USA
Cravotta, C.A.
This report evaluates the results of a continuous 4.5-day laboratory aeration experiment and the first year of passive, aerobic treatment of abandoned mine drainage (AMD) from a typical flooded underground anthracite mine in eastern Pennsylvania, USA. During 1991-2006, the AMD source, locally known as the Otto Discharge, had flows from 20 to 270 L/s (median 92 L/s) and water quality that was consistently suboxic (median 0.9 mg/L O2) and circumneutral (pH ??? 6.0; net alkalinity >10) with moderate concentrations of dissolved iron and manganese and low concentrations of dissolved aluminum (medians of 11, 2.2, and treatment system was conceptualized consisting of a 2 m deep pond with innovative aeration and recirculation to promote rapid oxidation of Fe2+, two 0.3 m deep wetlands to facilitate iron solids removal, and a supplemental oxic limestone drain for dissolved manganese and trace-metal removal. The system was constructed, but without the aeration mechanism, and began operation in June 2005. During the first 12 months of operation, estimated detention times in the treatment system ranged from 9 to 38 h. However, in contrast with 80-100% removal of Fe2+ over similar elapsed times during the laboratory aeration experiment, the treatment system typically removed less than 35% of the influent Fe2+. Although concentrations of dissolved CO2 decreased progressively within the treatment system, the PCO2 values for treated effluent remained elevated (10-2.4 to 10-1.7atm). The elevated PCO 2 maintained the pH within the system at values less than 7 and hence slowed the rate of Fe2+ oxidation compared to the aeration experiment. Kinetic models of Fe2+ oxidation that consider effects of pH and dissolved O2 were incorporated in the geochemical computer program PHREEQC to evaluate the effects of detention time, pH, and other variables on Fe2+ oxidation and removal rates. These models and the laboratory aeration experiment indicate that performance of this and other aerobic
The surgical treatment of chronic gastric atony following Roux-Y diversion for alkaline reflux gastritis
Vogel, S.B.; Woodward, E.R.
Symptoms of severe nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and frequent bezoars, as well as objective gastric retention, can occur following Roux-Y biliary diversion for alkaline reflux gastritis. Medical therapy and prokinetic drugs have proven ineffective. This review evaluates 37 patients who underwent further gastric resection from 1979 to 1987 to improve gastric emptying and resolve symptoms. Fifteen patients underwent perioperative radionuclide solid-food gastric emptying studies. Seventy-three per cent (27 of 37 patients) of the patients who underwent further gastric resection (70% to 95%) had a satisfactory postoperative response. Twenty patients were graded Visick 1 or 2 and 7 Visick-3 patients, although much improved, still had some symptoms of gastroparesis. Twenty-seven per cent (10 of 37 patients) failed to improve and underwent completion total gastrectomy. Overall, 70% of this group had almost complete resolution of their symptoms. Three of 10 patients were considered ''failures'' due to postprandial pain in 1 and early vasomotor dumping in 2. Of the 10 patients who failed initial revisional surgery, 7 underwent a 70% to 80% subtotal gastric resection (STG) and 3 patients underwent 85% to 95% extensive resection (EXT.G.). Of the 15 patients who underwent perioperative radionuclide evaluation, a mean two-hour gastric retention of 61.4% +/- 4% (SEM) decreased to 25% +/- 4% following further gastric resection. Eight patients were in the STG group and seven patients were in the EXT.G group. Following STG, mean two-hour gastric retention of 58.2% +/- 3.5% decreased to 38% +/- 3% (p less than 0.05). In seven patients who underwent EXT.G, mean two-hour retention of 65% +/- 4% decreased to 10% +/- 2.5% (p less than 0.005). EXT.G resulted in normal gastric emptying and few late failures
Metal complexation in near field conditions of nuclear waste repository - stability constant of copper complexation with cellulose degradation products, in alkaline conditions
Guede, Kipre Bertin
Copper is a stable element and spent fuel component which constitutes the radioactive waste. The reaction of Copper with cellulose degradation products in alkaline conditions was performed to mimic what occurs in near field conditions of nuclear waste repository. From the characteristics of Cu (II), this thesis aims at inferring the behaviour of radionuclides vis a vis the degradation products of cellulose. The contribution of the present work is therefore the assessment of the stability of the major cellulose degradation product, its affinity for Copper and the extent of the complexation function 13 between Cu (II) and the organic moieties. The formation of cellulose degradation products was followed by measurement of p11, Conductivity, Angle of rotation, relative abundance of aliphatics and aromatics (E4/E6 ) aid by UV-visible spectroscopy. The TOC was determined using the Walkley and Black titration after respectively 31 weeks and 13 weeks of degradation for the reaction mixtures T and A, N. The stability of the major degradation products gave the following figures: ISA(A): - 13 43.39 < -9103.6. The study of the characteristics of Gluconic Acid, as a model compound, was carried out in an attempt to give a general picture of the roper ties of cellulose degradation products. The Complexation between Cu (II) and the organic ligand (Cellulose degradation products) was performed using UV-visible spectroscopy and Ion Distribution technique. The Log B value obtained from the complexation studies at 336 nm for 1 = 0. I Ni NaClO4 and I = 0.01 M NaClO4, falls within a range of 3.48 to 3.74 for the standard reference material (Gluconic Acid), and within I .87 to 2.3 I, and I .6 to 2.01, respectively for the degradation Products ISA (A) and ISA(N). The ion distribution studies showed that: • In (he absence of the degradation product ISA and at pH = 3.68. 56. 17 % of Cu (II) was bound to the resin. • In the presence of ISA and at 2
Carbon-encapsulated nickel-cobalt alloys nanoparticles fabricated via new post-treatment strategy for hydrogen evolution in alkaline media
Guo, Hailing; Youliwasi, Nuerguli; Zhao, Lei; Chai, Yongming; Liu, Chenguang
This paper addresses a new post-treatment strategy for the formation of carbon-encapsulated nickel-cobalt alloys nanoparticles, which is easily controlled the performance of target products via changing precursor composition, calcination conditions (e.g., temperature and atmosphere) and post-treatment condition. Glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified by the as-obtained carbon-encapsulated mono- and bi-transition metal nanoparticles exhibit excellent electro-catalytic activity for hydrogen production in alkaline water electrolysis. Especially, Ni0.4Co0.6@N-Cs800-b catalyst prepared at 800 °C under an argon flow exhibited the best electrocatalytic performance towards HER. The high HER activity of the Ni0.4Co0.6@N-Cs800-b modified electrode is related to the appropriate nickel-cobalt metal ratio with high crystallinity, complete and homogeneous carbon layers outside of the nickel-cobalt with high conductivity and the synergistic effect of nickel-cobalt alloys that also accelerate electron transfer process.
This report evaluates the results of a continuous 4.5-day laboratory aeration experiment and the first year of passive, aerobic treatment of abandoned mine drainage (AMD) from a typical flooded underground anthracite mine in eastern Pennsylvania, USA. During 1991-2006, the AMD source, locally known as the Otto Discharge, had flows from 20 to 270 L/s (median 92 L/s) and water quality that was consistently suboxic (median 0.9 mg/L O2) and circumneutral (pH ??? 6.0; net alkalinity >10) with moderate concentrations of dissolved iron and manganese and low concentrations of dissolved aluminum (medians of 11, 2.2, and aeration experiment demonstrated rapid oxidation of ferrous iron (Fe 2+) without supplemental alkalinity; the initial Fe2+ concentration of 16.4 mg/L decreased to less than 0.5 mg/L within 24 h; pH values increased rapidly from 5.8 to 7.2, ultimately attaining a steady-state value of 7.5. The increased pH coincided with a rapid decrease in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) from an initial value of 10 -1.1atm to a steady-state value of 10-3.1atm. From these results, a staged aerobic treatment system was conceptualized consisting of a 2 m deep pond with innovative aeration and recirculation to promote rapid oxidation of Fe2+, two 0.3 m deep wetlands to facilitate iron solids removal, and a supplemental oxic limestone drain for dissolved manganese and trace-metal removal. The system was constructed, but without the aeration mechanism, and began operation in June 2005. During the first 12 months of operation, estimated detention times in the treatment system ranged from 9 to 38 h. However, in contrast with 80-100% removal of Fe2+ over similar elapsed times during the laboratory aeration experiment, the treatment system typically removed less than 35% of the influent Fe2+. Although concentrations of dissolved CO2 decreased progressively within the treatment system, the PCO2 values for treated effluent remained elevated (10-2.4 to 10-1.7atm). The
Lignin preparation from oil palm empty fruit bunches by sequential acid/alkaline treatment--A biorefinery approach.
Medina, Jesus David Coral; Woiciechowski, Adenise; Zandona Filho, Arion; Noseda, Miguel D; Kaur, Brar Satinder; Soccol, Carlos Ricardo
Lignin is an important raw material for the sustainable biorefineries and also the forerunner of high-value added products, such as biocomposite for chemical, pharmaceutical and cement industries. Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) were used for lignin preparation by successive treatment with 1% (w/w) H2SO4 at 121°C for 60 min and 2.5% NaOH at 121°C for 80 min resulting in the high lignin yield of 28.89%, corresponding to 68.82% of the original lignin. The lignin obtained was characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results indicated a lignin with molecular masses ramping from 4500 kDa to 12,580 kDa. FTIR and NMR of these lignins showed more syringyl and p-hydroxyphenyl than guaiacyl units. Moderate acid/alkaline treatment provided lignin with high industrial potential and acid hydrolyzates rich in fermentable sugars and highly porous cellulosic fibers. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
From the present investigation, it was observed that sulfate removal and quality improvement with increasing concentration of KOH for cooking seaweed is not statistically significant; therefore, seaweed can be subjected to lower concentration of KOH treatment (6 to 12%) to produce semi-refined carrageenan on commercial ...
Induction of rat alkaline phosphatase isozymes bearing a glycan-phosphatidylinositol anchor modified by in vivo treatment with a benzimidazole derivative linked to ethylbenzene.
Harada, T; Koyama, I; Sato, K; Komoda, T
Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is detected in soluble-form as a result of translocation from the membrane site by cleavage at the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol moiety (GPI anchor). It is known that membrane-bound ALP (mALP) can be detected in serum in certain pathological and physiological conditions, and that it can be solubilized in vitro to soluble-ALP (sALP) by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PIPLC), phospholipase D, bile salt, detergent, etc. We observed a marked increase in ALP activity in the serum of rats given a benzimidazole derivative by gavage, and detected it as slow-migrating ALPs (SM-ALPs), which were mALP-like but resistant to PIPLC and n-butanol treatment on disc PAGE. On the other hand, ficin treatment made SM-ALPs shift to the sALP position. The molecular size of the SM-ALPs was smaller than that of sALP on sodium dodecyl sulphide-polyacrylamide slab-gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and immunoreactivity revealed the intestinal type. SM-ALPs were also detected in the duodenum and jejunum. The main sugar chain structure of SM-ALPs was the biantennary complex-type, which was coincided with intestinal sALP sugar chain. These results suggest that intestinal ALPs induced by the benzimidazole derivative were modified in their C-terminus or GPI anchor region and modification of this region may also participate in translocation into the bloodstream.
Treatment and conditioning of historical radioactive waste
Dogaru, Ghe.; Dragolici, F.; Ionascu, L.; Rotarescu, Ghe.
The paper describes the management of historical radioactive waste from the storage facility of Radioactive Waste Treatment Plant. The historical waste stored into storage facility of IFIN-HH consists of spent sealed radioactive sources, empty contaminated containers, wooden radioactive waste, low specific activity radioactive waste, contaminated waste as well as radioactive waste from operation of WWR-S research reactor. After decommissioning of temporary storage facility about 5000 packages with radioactive waste were produced and transferred to the disposal facility. A large amount of packages have been transferred and disposed of to repository but at the end of 2000 there were still about 800 packages containing cement conditioned radioactive waste in an advanced state of degradation declared by authorities as 'historical waste'. During the management of historical waste campaign there were identified: radium spent radioactive sources, containers containing other spent sealed radioactive sources, packages containing low specific activity waste consist of thorium scrap allow, 30 larger packages (316 L), packages with activity lower than activity limit for disposal, packages with activity higher than activity limit for disposal. At the end of 2008, the whole amount of historical waste which met the waste acceptance criteria has been conditioned and transferred to disposal facility. (authors)
Backscatter Correction Algorithm for TBI Treatment Conditions
Sanchez-Nieto, B.; Sanchez-Doblado, F.; Arrans, R.; Terron, J.A. [Dpto. FisiologÃa Médica y BiofÃsica, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Sánchez Pizjuán, 4. E-41009, Sevilla (Spain); Errazquin, L. [Servicio OncologÃa Radioterápica, Hospital Univ.V. Macarena. Dr. Fedriani, s/n. E-41009, Sevilla (Spain)
The accuracy requirements in target dose delivery is, according to ICRU, ±5%. This is so not only in standard radiotherapy but also in total body irradiation (TBI). Physical dosimetry plays an important role in achieving this recommended level. The semi-infinite phantoms, customarily used for dosimetry purposes, give scatter conditions different to those of the finite thickness of the patient. So dose calculated in patient’s points close to beam exit surface may be overestimated. It is then necessary to quantify the backscatter factor in order to decrease the uncertainty in this dose calculation. The backward scatter has been well studied at standard distances. The present work intends to evaluate the backscatter phenomenon under our particular TBI treatment conditions. As a consequence of this study, a semi-empirical expression has been derived to calculate (within 0.3% uncertainty) the backscatter factor. This factor depends lineally on the depth and exponentially on the underlying tissue. Differences found in the qualitative behavior with respect to standard distances are due to scatter in the bunker wall close to the measurement point.
Enhancement of electrocatalytic properties of carbonized polyaniline nanoparticles upon a hydrothermal treatment in alkaline medium
Gavrilov, Nemanja; Vujkovic, Milica; Pasti, Igor A.; Ciric-Marjanovic, Gordana; Mentus, Slavko V.
Highlights: → Carbonized polyaniline nanoparticles were treated hydrothermally in 1 M KOH. → Hydrothermal treatment improved the electrocatalytic activity towards ORR. → Significant effect of catalyst loading was evidenced too. → At the loading 0.5 mg cm -2 the 4e - reaction path was achieved. - Abstract: The electrocatalytic activity of carbonized polyaniline nanostructures (Carb-nanoPANI) towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), estimated in 0.1 mol dm -3 KOH solution, was significantly improved upon a hydrothermal treatment in 1 mol dm -3 KOH solution. Namely, the onset of ORR was shifted by ∼70 mV to more positive potentials, and the number of electrons consumed per O 2 molecule was enhanced in comparison to the original material. The number of electrons involved in ORR depended on loading, and with a loading of 0.5 mg cm -2 , for the potentials lower than -0.5 V vs SCE, the number of electrons approached 4. For this material, high stability of electrochemical behavior and resistance to the poisoning by ethanol was evidenced by potentiodynamic cycling.
Gavrilov, Nemanja; Vujkovic, Milica; Pasti, Igor A.; Ciric-Marjanovic, Gordana [University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade (Serbia); Mentus, Slavko V., E-mail: slavko@ffh.bg.ac.rs [University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade (Serbia); Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihajlova 35, 11158 Belgrade (Serbia)
Highlights: > Carbonized polyaniline nanoparticles were treated hydrothermally in 1 M KOH. > Hydrothermal treatment improved the electrocatalytic activity towards ORR. > Significant effect of catalyst loading was evidenced too. > At the loading 0.5 mg cm{sup -2} the 4e{sup -} reaction path was achieved. - Abstract: The electrocatalytic activity of carbonized polyaniline nanostructures (Carb-nanoPANI) towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), estimated in 0.1 mol dm{sup -3} KOH solution, was significantly improved upon a hydrothermal treatment in 1 mol dm{sup -3} KOH solution. Namely, the onset of ORR was shifted by {approx}70 mV to more positive potentials, and the number of electrons consumed per O{sub 2} molecule was enhanced in comparison to the original material. The number of electrons involved in ORR depended on loading, and with a loading of 0.5 mg cm{sup -2}, for the potentials lower than -0.5 V vs SCE, the number of electrons approached 4. For this material, high stability of electrochemical behavior and resistance to the poisoning by ethanol was evidenced by potentiodynamic cycling.
Selection of the treatment method for the West Valley alkaline supernatant
Carl, D.E.; Leonard, I.M.
As part of the West Valley Demonstration Project (WVDP), th PUREX supernatant stored in Tank 8d-2 will be partially decontaminated before encapsulation in the final glass form. This report discusses selection of a method for removing Cs-137, the major radioactive ion in the supernatant. Methods considered were: (1) electrodialysis; (2) hyperfiltration; (3) precipitation with ferrocyanide, NaTPB, or PTA; (4) organic ion exchange using Cs-100 or a biologically derived media; (5) chelation using DeVoe/Holbein compostions; and (6) inorganic ion exchange using Durasil, natural zeolities, IE-95 or IE-96 media. Several different methods of using inorganic ion exchange media were also reviewed including (1) four columns with elution, and (2) two, three, or four columns without elution. After the careful evaluation of experimental data with all process constraints taken into account, the inorganic exchange media IE-96 (Linde Ionsiv IE-96 synthetic zeolite) was chosen for WVDP cesium recovery. IE-96 was chosen for the following reasons: high sorption rate, a decontamination factor (DF) over 1000, excellent exchange capacity at WVDP conditions, compatability with the glass formers used for borosilicate glass in direct melter feed applications, and a history of successful application in radio chemical seperation for waste streams. 34 refs., 29 figs., 27 tabs
Treatment and conditioning of radioactive organic liquids
Liquid organic radioactive wastes are generated from the use of radioisotopes in nuclear research centres and in medical and industrial applications. The volume of these wastes is small by comparison with aqueous radioactive wastes, for example; nevertheless, a strategy for the effective management of these wastes is necessary in order to ensure their safe handling, processing, storage and disposal. A aqueous radioactive wastes may be discharged to the environment after the radioactivity has decayed or been removed. By contrast, organic radioactive wastes require management steps that not only take account of their radioactivity, but also of their chemical content. This is because both the radioactivity and the organic chemical nature can have detrimental effects on health and the environment. Liquid radioactive wastes from these applications typically include vacuum pump oil, lubricating oil and hydraulic fluids, scintillation cocktails from analytical laboratories, solvents from solvent extraction research and uranium refining, and miscellaneous organic solvents. The report describes the factors which should be considered in the development of appropriate strategies for managing this class of wastes from generation to final disposal. Waste sources and characterization, treatment and conditioning processes, packaging, interim storage and the required quality assurance are all discussed. The report is intended to provide guidance to developing Member States which do not have nuclear power generation. A range of processes and procedures is presented, though emphasis is given to simple, easy-to-operate processes requiring less sophisticated and relatively inexpensive equipment. 31 refs, 16 figs, 3 tabs
Application of alkaline leaching to the extraction of uranium from shale of the Vosges
Mouret, P.; Pottier, P.; Le Bris, J.
Description of chemical treatment of Vosges shales to obtain uranium by alkaline leaching. Mineralogy aspects of ore, physical and chemical conditions of leaching, solid/liquid separation, uranium recovery by either ion exchange process or electrolytic precipitation. (author) [fr
Optical molecular fluorescence determination of ultra-trace beryllium in occupational and environmental samples using highly alkaline conditions.
Adams, Lori; Agrawal, Anoop; Cronin, John P; Ashley, Kevin
Exposures to beryllium (Be), even at extremely low levels, can cause severe health effects in a percentage of those exposed; consequently, occupational exposure limits (OELs) promulgated for this element are the lowest established for any element. This work describes the advantages of using highly alkaline dye solutions for determination of Be in occupational hygiene and environmental samples by means of an optical molecular fluorescence technique after sample extraction in 1-3% (wË–w -1 ) aqueous ammonium bifluoride (NH 4 HF 2 ). Improved attributes include the ability to further enhance the detection limits of Be in extraction solutions of high acidity with minimal dilution, which is particularly beneficial when NH 4 HF 2 solutions of higher concentration are used for extraction of Be from soil samples. Significant improvements in Be method detection limits (MDLs) are obtained at levels many-fold below those reported previously for this methodology. Notably, MDLs for Be of health organizations and regulatory agencies in the USA and internationally. Applications of enhanced Be measurements to air filter samples, surface wipe samples, soils and newly-designed occupational air sampler inserts are illustrated.
determining treatment levels of comorbid psychiatric conditions
SITWALA COMPUTERS
This low treatment rate may contribute to poor treatment outcomes. INTRODUCTION ... significance was set at p ≤ 0.05 for all statistical analyses. All confidence .... psychotropic effects , it is strongly associated with birth defects when used in ...
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic investigation of the role of alkaline pre-treatment in corrosion resistance of a silane coating on magnesium alloy, ZE41
Chakraborty Banerjee, P. [Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC-3800 (Australia); CAST Cooperative Research Centre, Hawthorn, VIC-3122 (Australia); Singh Raman, R.K., E-mail: raman.singh@eng.monash.edu.a [Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC-3800 (Australia); Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC-3800 (Australia)
The protective performance of the coatings of bis-1,2-(triethoxysilyl) ethane (BTSE) on ZE41 magnesium alloy with different surface pre-treatments were evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 0.1 M sodium chloride solution. Electrical equivalent circuits were developed based upon hypothetical corrosion mechanisms and simulated to correspond to the experimental data. The morphology and cross section of the alloy subjected to different pre-treatments and coatings were characterized using scanning electron microscope. A specific alkaline pre-treatment of the substrate prior to the coating has been found to improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy.
Chakraborty Banerjee, P.; Singh Raman, R.K.
Preliminary investigation of microbiological effect for radioactive waste disposal system. 1. Experimental investigation of tolerance of some bacterias under alkaline and reducing condition
Yoshikawa, Hideki; Yui, Mikazu; Mihara, Morihiro; Fukunaga, Sakae; Asano, Hidekazu.
Activities and tolerance of some bacteria were investigated under alkaline and reducing conditions for geological disposal. A fermenter was used to control pH and Eh with a liquid culture inoculated with sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB), methane-producing bacteria (MPB) and sulphur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB). Growth of SRB was obtained at maximum pH 8.6 (Eh -340 mV) or maximum Eh -100 mV (pH 7). Ranges of Eh for the growth of MPB and SOB were estimated to be less than -210 mV at pH8, and more than +240 mV at pH 7.5, respectively. Activity for SOB was not observed in the pH range more than 8. (author)
Non-polluting treatment of uranium effluents from the alkaline digestion of an uranium ore containing sulfur
New non-polluting process for treating uranium effluents from the alkaline digestion of an uranium ore containing sulphur, which makes it possible (a) to extract and obtain relatively pure uranium and (b) to process the digestion liquor freed from the uranium and containing in an aqueous solution a mixture of alkaline carbonate and/or bicarbonate and sodium sulphate, consisting in the selective extraction of the sodium sulphate present and the recycling of the liquor free of SO 4 = ions, containing in solution the sole carbonates and/or bicarbonates involved, towards the digestion of the ore [fr
Toward stable nickel catalysts for aqueous phase reforming of biomass-derived feedstock under reducing and alkaline conditions
Haasterecht, van T.; Ludding, C.C.I.; Jong, de K.P.; Bitter, J.H.
Nickel nanoparticles supported on carbon nanofibers (CNF) can be stabilized in aqueous phase processes at elevated temperatures and pressures by tuning the reaction conditions to control Ni oxidation and leaching. As a showcase, Ni/CNF was used for the production of hydrogen via aqueous phase
Peifang Wang; Lingxiao Ren; Chao Wang; Jin Qian; Jun Hou
Phosphorus (P) is an important limiting nutrient in aquatic ecosystems and knowledge of P cycling is fundamental for reducing harmful algae blooms and other negative effects in water. Despite their importance, the characteristics of P cycling under changing nutrient conditions in shallow lakes were poorly investigated. In this study, in situ incubation experiments were conducted in a natural riparian zone in the main diversion channel used for water transfer into Lake Taihu (Wangyu River). Va...
The dissolution rate of UO2 in the alkaline regime under oxidizing conditions using a simplified ground water analog
Leider, H.R.; Nguyen, S.N.; Weed, H.C.; Steward, S.A.
The major factor controlling the long term release of radionuclides from spent fuel in a geologic repository is the leaching/dissolution by groundwater of the UO 2 matrix, since more than 90% of the radionuclide waste is contained in the fuel matrix. The objective of this investigation is to provide experimental dissolution rates for UO 2 samples which can be used to develop a mechanistic release model (or models) for UO 2+x (x≥0) under repository conditions. Several types of data will be obtained from this study: (1) the dissolution rates of UO 2 as a function of pI-L temperature, carbonate and oxygen fugacity; (2) the comparison of the steady state dissolution rates of ''not-reduced'' versus ''reduced'' UO 2 samples and of single crystal versus polycrystalline UO 2 under identical experimental conditions; (3) the pre- and post-test surface analyses of the samples to provide information on the surface phases that may be formed under experimental conditions
Analysis of alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells performance at different operating conditions using DC and AC methods
Reshetenko, Tatyana; Odgaard, Madeleine; Schlueter, Debbie; Serov, Alexey
Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) for anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) were manufactured from commercial materials: Pt/C catalyst, A201 AEM and AS4 ionomer by using an industrial mass-production digital printing method. The MEA designs selected are close to those recommended by US Department of Energy, including low loading of platinum on the cathode side (0.2 mg cm-2). Polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were applied for MEA evaluation in fuel cell conditions with variation of gas humidification and oxygen partial pressure (air vs oxygen). The typical impedance curves recorded at H2/O2 gas configuration consist of high- and medium-frequency arcs responsible for hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction, respectively. Operation with air as a cathode feed gas resulted in a decrease in AEMFC performance due to possible CO2 poisoning and mass transfer losses. At the same time, EIS demonstrated formation of a low frequency loop due to diffusion limitations. Despite the low loading of platinum on the cathode (0.2 mg cm-2), a peak power density of ∼330 mW cm-2 was achieved (at 50/50% of RH on anode and cathode), which is substantially higher performance than for AEMFC MEAs tested at similar conditions.
Alkaline DNA fragmentation, DNA disentanglement evaluated viscosimetrically and sister chromatid exchanges, after treatment in vivo with nitrofurantoin.
Parodi, S; Pala, M; Russo, P; Balbi, C; Abelmoschi, M L; Taningher, M; Zunino, A; Ottaggio, L; de Ferrari, M; Carbone, A; Santi, L
Nitrofurantoin was not positive as a carcinogen in long term assays. In vitro it was positive in some short term tests and negative in others. We have examined Nitrofurantoin for its capability of inducing DNA damage in vivo. With the alkaline elution technique, Nitrofurantoin appeared clearly positive in all the tissues examined (liver, kidney, lung, spleen and bone marrow). In the liver we also observed some cross-linking effect. In bone marrow cells Nitrofurantoin was also clearly positive in terms of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) induction. DNA damage in vivo was also examined with a viscosimetric method, more sensitive than alkaline elution. With this method the results were essentially negative, suggesting that the two methods detect different types of damage. In view of its positivity in many organs and in two short term tests in vivo, the carcinogenic potential of Nitrofurantoin should be reconsidered.
Aeration to degas CO{sub 2}, increase pH, and increase iron oxidation rates for efficient treatment of net alkaline mine drainage
Kirby, C.S.; Dennis, A.; Kahler, A. [Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA (United States). Dept. of Geology
Passive treatment systems for mine drainage use no energy other than gravity, but they require greater area than active treatment systems. Researchers are considering 'hybrid' systems that have passive and active components for increased efficiency, especially where space limitations render passive-only technology ineffective. Flow-through reactor field experiments were conducted at two large net-alkaline anthracite mine discharges in central Pennsylvania. Assuming an Fe removal rate of 20 g m{sup -2} day{sup -1} and Fe loading from field data, 3.6 x 10{sup 3} and 3.0 x 10{sup 4} m{sup 2} oxidation ponds would be required for the passive treatment of Site 21 and Packer 5 discharges, respectively. However, only a small area is available at each site. This paper demonstrates aeration to drive off CO{sub 2}, increase pH, and increase Fe(II) oxidation rates, enabling treatment within a small area compared to passive treatment methods, and introduces a geochemical model to accurately predict these rates as well as semi-passive treatment system sizing parameters. Iron(II) oxidation modeling of actively aerated systems predicted that a 1-m deep pond with 10 times less area than estimated for passive treatment would lower Fe(II) concentrations to less than 1 mg L-1 at summer and winter temperatures for both sites. The use of active aeration for treatment Of CO{sub 2}-rich, net-alkaline discharges (including partially treated effluent from anoxic limestone drains) can result in considerably reduced treatment area for oxidation and may lower treatment costs, but settling of Fe hydroxides was not considered in this study. The reduced capital cost for earthmoving will need to be compared to energy and maintenance costs for aeration.
Investigation with slow traction conditions of the stress corrosion of carbon steels in alkaline media. Role of passivating inhibitors
Miroud, Lakhdar
The stress corrosion cracking (S.C.C.) sensitivity of carbon steels in basic media, such as carbonates, is well known. A constant strain-rate test have allowed to observe two steels (A42 [E26] and XC38) behaviour in such conditions at pH 9. The S.C.C. potentials susceptibility range has been found. Inter and Trans-granular cracking have been revealed and measured with micrographic methods. A crack growth rate has been studied as a function of strain rate: an experimental rate has been compared to calculated values from methods which have proposed previously, and methods which have been elaborated in this work. These last permit a best approach of cracking in our case. The chromates use, as inhibitor ions, has permit to decrease the corrosive attack and to cancel the crack growth rate. (author) [fr
The radiolytic and chemical degradation of organic ion exchange resins under alkaline conditions: effect on radionuclide speciation
Loon, L. van; Hummel, W.
The formation of water soluble organic ligands by the radiolytic and chemical degradation of several ion exchange resins was investigated under conditions close to those of the near field of a cementitious repository. The most important degradation products were characterised and their role on radionuclide speciation evaluated thoroughly. Irradiation of strong acidic cation exchange resins (Powdex PCH and Lewatite S-100) resulted in the formation of mainly sulphate and dissolved organic carbon. A small part of the carbon (10-20%) could be identified as oxalate. The identity of the remainder is unknown. Complexation studies with Cu 2+ and Ni 2+ showed the presence of two ligands: oxalate and ligand X. Although ligand X could not be identified, it could be characterised by its concentration, a deprotonation constant and a complexation constant for the NiX complex. The influence of oxalate and ligand X on the speciation of radionuclides is examined in detail. For oxalate no significant influence on the speciation of radionuclides is expected. The stronger complexing ligand X may exert some influence depending on its concentration and the values of other parameters. These critical parameters are discussed and limiting values are evaluated. In absence of irradiation, no evidence for the formation of ligands was found. Irradiation of strong basic anion exchange resins (Powdex PAO and Lewatite M-500) resulted in the formation of mainly ammonia, amines and dissolved organic carbon. Up to 50% of the carbon could be identified as methyl-, dimethyl- and trimethylamine. Complexation studies with Eu 3+ showed that the complexing capacity under near field conditions was negligible. The speciation of cations such as Ag, Ni, Cu and Pd can be influenced by the presence of amins. The strongest amine-complexes are formed with Pd and therefore, as an example, the aqueous Pd-ammonia system is examined in great detail. (author) 30 figs., 10 tabs., refs
Loon, L. van; Hummel, W. [Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland)
The formation of water soluble organic ligands by the radiolytic and chemical degradation of several ion exchange resins was investigated under conditions close to those of the near field of a cementitious repository. The most important degradation products were characterised and their role on radionuclide speciation evaluated thoroughly. Irradiation of strong acidic cation exchange resins (Powdex PCH and Lewatite S-100) resulted in the formation of mainly sulphate and dissolved organic carbon. A small part of the carbon (10-20%) could be identified as oxalate. The identity of the remainder is unknown. Complexation studies with Cu{sup 2+} and Ni{sup 2+} showed the presence of two ligands: oxalate and ligand X. Although ligand X could not be identified, it could be characterised by its concentration, a deprotonation constant and a complexation constant for the NiX complex. The influence of oxalate and ligand X on the speciation of radionuclides is examined in detail. For oxalate no significant influence on the speciation of radionuclides is expected. The stronger complexing ligand X may exert some influence depending on its concentration and the values of other parameters. These critical parameters are discussed and limiting values are evaluated. In absence of irradiation, no evidence for the formation of ligands was found. Irradiation of strong basic anion exchange resins (Powdex PAO and Lewatite M-500) resulted in the formation of mainly ammonia, amines and dissolved organic carbon. Up to 50% of the carbon could be identified as methyl-, dimethyl- and trimethylamine. Complexation studies with Eu{sup 3+} showed that the complexing capacity under near field conditions was negligible. The speciation of cations such as Ag, Ni, Cu and Pd can be influenced by the presence of amins. The strongest amine-complexes are formed with Pd and therefore, as an example, the aqueous Pd-ammonia system is examined in great detail. (author) 30 figs., 10 tabs., refs.
Recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus from alkaline fermentation liquid of waste activated sludge and application of the fermentation liquid to promote biological municipal wastewater treatment.
Tong, Juan; Chen, Yinguang
In previous publications we reported that by controlling the pH at 10.0 the accumulation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) during waste activated sludge (WAS) fermentation was remarkably improved [Yuan, H., Chen, Y., Zhang, H., Jiang, S., Zhou, Q., Gu, G., 2006. Improved bioproduction of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from excess sludge under alkaline conditions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40, 2025-2029], but significant ammonium nitrogen (NH(4)-N) and soluble ortho-phosphorus (SOP) were released [Chen, Y., Jiang, S., Yuan, H., Zhou, Q., Gu, G., 2007. Hydrolysis and acidification of waste activated sludge at different pHs. Water Res. 41, 683-689]. This paper investigated the simultaneous recovery of NH(4)-N and SOP from WAS alkaline fermentation liquid and the application of the fermentation liquid as an additional carbon source for municipal wastewater biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The central composite design (CCD) of the response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize and model the simultaneous NH(4)-N and SOP recovery from WAS alkaline fermentation liquid. Under the optimum conditions, the predicted and experimental recovery efficiency was respectively 73.4 and 75.7% with NH(4)-N, and 82.0 and 83.2% with SOP, which suggested that the developed models described the experiments well. After NH(4)-N and SOP recovery, the alkaline fermentation liquid was added to municipal wastewater, and the influence of volume ratio of fermentation liquid to municipal wastewater (FL/MW) on biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal was investigated. The addition of fermentation liquid didn't significantly affect nitrification. Both SOP and total nitrogen (TN) removal were increased with fermentation liquid, but there was no significant increase at FL/MW greater than 1/35. Compared to the blank test, the removal efficiency of SOP and TN at FL/MW=1/35 was improved from 44.0 to 92.9%, and 63.3 to 83.2%, respectively. The enhancement of phosphorus and nitrogen
Effects of alkaline or liquid-ammonia treatment on crystalline cellulose: changes in crystalline structure and effects on enzymatic digestibility
Himmel Michael E
Full Text Available Abstract Background In converting biomass to bioethanol, pretreatment is a key step intended to render cellulose more amenable and accessible to cellulase enzymes and thus increase glucose yields. In this study, four cellulose samples with different degrees of polymerization and crystallinity indexes were subjected to aqueous sodium hydroxide and anhydrous liquid ammonia treatments. The effects of the treatments on cellulose crystalline structure were studied, in addition to the effects on the digestibility of the celluloses by a cellulase complex. Results From X-ray diffractograms and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, it was revealed that treatment with liquid ammonia produced the cellulose IIII allomorph; however, crystallinity depended on treatment conditions. Treatment at a low temperature (25°C resulted in a less crystalline product, whereas treatment at elevated temperatures (130°C or 140°C gave a more crystalline product. Treatment of cellulose I with aqueous sodium hydroxide (16.5 percent by weight resulted in formation of cellulose II, but also produced a much less crystalline cellulose. The relative digestibilities of the different cellulose allomorphs were tested by exposing the treated and untreated cellulose samples to a commercial enzyme mixture (Genencor-Danisco; GC 220. The digestibility results showed that the starting cellulose I samples were the least digestible (except for corn stover cellulose, which had a high amorphous content. Treatment with sodium hydroxide produced the most digestible cellulose, followed by treatment with liquid ammonia at a low temperature. Factor analysis indicated that initial rates of digestion (up to 24 hours were most strongly correlated with amorphous content. Correlation of allomorph type with digestibility was weak, but was strongest with cellulose conversion at later times. The cellulose IIII samples produced at higher temperatures had comparable crystallinities to the initial cellulose I
Influence of the redox state on the neptunium sorption under alkaline conditions. Batch sorption studies on titanium dioxide and calcium silicate hydrates
Tits, Jan; Laube, Andreas; Wieland, Erich; Gaona, Xavier
Wet chemistry experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of the redox state and aqueous speciation on the uptake of neptunium by titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and by calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) under alkaline conditions. TiO 2 was chosen as a reference sorbent to determine the surface complexation behaviour of neptunium under alkaline conditions. C-S-H phases are important constituents of cement and concrete. They may contribute significantly to radionuclide retention due to their high recrystallization rates making incorporation the dominating sorption mechanism for many radionuclides (e.g. the actinides) on these materials. The sorption of neptunium on both solids was found to depend strongly on the degree of hydrolysis. On TiO 2 R d values for Np(IV), Np(V) and Np(VI) are identical at pH = 10 and decrease with progressing hydrolysis in case of Np(V) and Np(VI). On C-S-H phases, R d values for the three redox states are also identical at pH = 10. While the R d values for Np(VI) sorption on C-S-H phases decrease with progressing hydrolysis, the R d values for Np(IV) and Np(V) sorption are not affected by the pH. In addition to the effect of hydrolysis, the presence of Ca is found to promote Np(V) and Np(VI) sorption on TiO 2 whereas on C-S-H phases, the present wet chemistry data do not give unambiguous evidence. Thus, the aqueous speciation appears to have a similar influence on the sorption of the actinides on both types of solids despite the different sorption mechanism. The similar R d values for Np(IV,V,VI) sorption at pH = 10 can be explained qualitatively by invoking inter-ligand electrostatic repulsion between OH groups in the coordination sphere of Np(V) and Np(VI). This mechanism was proposed earlier in the literature for the prediction of actinide complexation constants with inorganic ligands. A limiting coordination number for each Np redox state, resulting from the inter-ligand electrostatic repulsion, allows the weaker sorption of the
Treatment and conditioning of radioactive solid wastes
Radioactive materials are extensively used in industrial and research activities mainly related to medical, agricultural, environmental and other studies and applications. During the application and production of radioisotopes, significant amounts of radioactive wastes will inevitably arise, which must be managed (i.e. handled, treated, conditioned, intermediately stored and finally disposed of) with particular care. Serious efforts to minimize and appropriately segregate the waste arisings during the application of radioisotopes are the most important first step in waste management. The essential objective of the management of radioactive waste is the protection of mankind, the biosphere and the environment from the detrimental effects of nuclear radiation both now and in the future. This report deals with radioactive wastes outside the nuclear fuel cycle and it is directed primarily to countries without nuclear power programmes, e.g. countries belonging to the Groups A, B and C. Group A includes Member States which utilize radioisotopes at a few hospital locations, universities and industries. Group B includes Member States which have multi-use of radioisotopes in hospitals and other institutional areas and need a central collection and processing system. Group C includes Member States which have multi-use of radioisotopes and a nuclear research centre which is capable of indigenous production of several radioisotopes. When developing a waste management strategy, consideration should be given to the entire sequence of waste management operations from waste sources to disposal and all the related issues: every aspect of waste generation, processing, transportation, storage and disposal, including regulatory, socio-political and economic issues. The interaction of all these aspects must be analysed and understood before the entire waste management system can be properly built up and safely managed. 16 refs, 13 figs, 5 tabs
Utilization of pineapple stem juice to enhance enzyme-hydrolytic efficiency for sugarcane bagasse after an optimized pre-treatment with alkaline peroxide
Monte, J.R.; Brienzo, M.; Milagres, A.M.F. [Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering of Lorena, University of Sao Paulo - USP Estrada Municipal do Campinho, s/no - CP 116, 12602-810 Lorena, SP (Brazil)
The enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse was investigated by treating a peroxide-alkaline bagasse with a pineapple stem juice, xylanase and cellulase. Pre-treatment procedures of sugarcane bagasse with alkaline hydrogen peroxide were evaluated and compared. Analyses were performed using 2{sup 4} factorial designs, with pre-treatment time, temperature, magnesium sulfate and hydrogen peroxide concentration as factors. The responses evaluated were the yield of cellobiose and glucose released from pretreated bagasse after enzymatic hydrolysis. The results show that the highest enzymatic conversion was obtained for bagasse using 2% hydrogen peroxide at 60 C for 16 h in the presence of 0.5% magnesium sulfate. Bagasse (5%) was treated with pineapple stem extract, which contains mixtures of protease and esterase, in combination with xylanase and cellulase. It was observed that the amount of glucose and cellobiose released from bagasse increased with the mixture of enzymes. It is believed that the enzymes present in pineapple extracts are capable of hydrolyze specific linkages that would facilitate the action of digesting plant cell walls enzymes. This increases the amount of glucose and other hexoses that are released during the enzymatic treatment and also reduces the amount of cellulase necessary in a typical hydrolysis. (author)
Partial characterization and response under hyperregulating conditions of Na+-K+ ATPase and levamisole-sensitive alkaline phosphatase activities in chela muscle of the euryhaline crab Cyrtograpsus angulatus
Silvina Andrea Pinoni
Full Text Available The occurrence, characteristics and response to changes in environmental salinity of Na+-K+ ATPase and levamisole-sensitive alkaline phosphatase (AP activities were studied in chela muscle of the euryhaline crab Cyrtograpsus angulatus. Chela muscle exhibited an Na+-K+ ATPase activity which was strongly dependent on ATP concentration, pH and temperature of the reaction mixture. Maximal activity was found at 1 mM ATP, 30-37°C and pH 7.4. Levamisole-sensitive AP activity was characterised at physiological pH 7.4 and at pH 8.0. I50 for levamisole-sensitive AP activity was 8.8 mM and 8.0 mM at pH 7.4 and 8.0, respectively. At both pH levels, levamisole-sensitive AP activity exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics (Km=3.451 mM and 6.906 mM at pH 7.4 and 8.0, respectively. Levamisole-sensitive AP activities were strongly affected by temperature, exhibiting a peak at 37ºC. In crabs acclimated to low salinity (10; hyperegulating conditions, Na+-K+ ATPase activity and levamisole-sensitive AP activity at the physiological pH were higher than in 35 psu (osmoconforming conditions. The response to low salinity suggests that both activities could be components of muscle regulatory mechanisms at the biochemical level secondary to hyperegulation of C. angulatus. The study of these activities under hyperegulating conditions contributes to a better understanding of the complexity of biochemical mechanisms underlying the adaptive process of euryhaline crabs.
Effects of an acid/alkaline treatment on the release of antioxidants and cellulose from different agro-food wastes.
Vadivel, Vellingiri; Moncalvo, Alessandro; Dordoni, Roberta; Spigno, Giorgia
The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the release of both antioxidants and cellulosic fibre from different agro-food wastes. Cost-effective and easily available agro-food residues (brewers' spent grains, hazelnut shells, orange peels and wheat straw) were selected and submitted to a double-step acid/alkaline fractionation process. The obtained acid and alkaline liquors were analysed for total phenols content and antioxidant capacity. The final fibre residue was analysed for the cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose content. The total phenols content and antioxidant capacity of the acid liquors were higher than the alkaline hydrolysates. Orange peels and wheat straw gave, respectively, the highest (19.70±0.68mg/g dm ) and the lowest (4.70±0.29mg/g dm ) total phenols release. Correlation between antioxidant capacity of the liquors and their origin depended on the analytical assay used to evaluate it. All the acid liquors were also rich in sugar degradation products (mainly furfural). HPLC analysis revealed that the most abundant phenolic compound in the acid liquors was vanillin for brewers' spent grains, hazelnut shells and wheat straw, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid for orange peels. Wheat straw served as the best raw material for cellulose isolation, providing a final residue with a high cellulose content (84%) which corresponded to 45% of the original cellulose. The applied process removed more than 90% of the hemicellulose fraction in all the samples, while delignification degree ranged from 67% (in hazelnut shells), to 93% (in brewers' spent grains). It was not possible to select a unique raw material for the release of highest levels of both total phenols and cellulose. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Assimilation and Translocation of Dry Matter and Phosphorus in Rice Genotypes Affected by Salt-Alkaline Stress
Zhijie Tian
Full Text Available Salt-alkaline stress generally leads to soil compaction and fertility decline. It also restricts rice growth and phosphorus acquisition. In this pot experiment, two relatively salt-alkaline tolerant (Dongdao-4 and Changbai-9 and sensitive (Changbai-25 and Tongyu-315 rice genotypes were planted in sandy (control and salt-alkaline soil to evaluate the characteristics of dry matter and phosphorus assimilation and translocation in rice. The results showed that dry matter and phosphorus assimilation in rice greatly decreased under salt-alkaline stress as the plants grew. The translocation and contribution of dry matter and phosphorus to the grains also increased markedly; different performances were observed between genotypes under salt-alkaline stress. D4 and C9 showed higher dry matter translocation, translocation efficiency and contribution of dry matter assimilation to panicles than those of C25 and T315. These changes in D4 and C9 indexes occurred at low levels of salt-alkaline treatment. Higher phosphorus acquisition efficiency of D4 and C9 were also found under salt-alkaline conditions. Additionally, the phosphorus translocation significantly decreased in C25 and T315 in the stress treatment. In conclusion, the results indicated that salt-alkaline-tolerant rice genotypes may have stronger abilities to assimilate and transfer biomass and phosphorus than sensitive genotypes, especially in salt-alkaline conditions.
MILD ALKALINE TREATMENT ACTIVATES SPRUCE WOOD FOR ENZYMATIC PROCESSING: A POSSIBLE STAGE IN BIO-REFINERY PROCESSES
Yan Wang
Full Text Available The structure of wood is so compact that enzymes are too large to penetrate into the structure and thereby attack the wood components for modifications that can be valuable for various purposes. Here we present a pretreatment method based on traditional kraft pulping, which opens the wood structure, so that enzymes are able to attack the wood components. To study this kind of chemical pretreatment, spruce wood samples were treated at similar conditions used in kraft cooking at varying intensities (H-factors. To verify if the structure was “opened� for enzymes, the pretreated wood samples were incubated with a cellulolytic culture filtrate, and the released reducing sugar concentration after the enzymatic hydrolysis was measured. The results indicated that un-pretreated wood fibers could not be attacked by the enzymes, but already relatively mild pretreatment was sufficient for letting the culture filtrate attack wood polysaccharides, and more intensive treatments opened the structure further. The mildest treatments did not cause any significant yield losses of lignin (Klason lignin. Some galactogluco-mannans were however lost during the pretreatments. The mechanisms behind the effect and the technical significance of the method are discussed.
Characterization of the products attained from a thermal treatment of a mix of zinc-carbon and alkaline batteries.
Kuo, Yi-Ming; Lin, Chitsan; Wang, Jian-Wen; Huang, Kuo-Lin; Tsai, Cheng-Hsien; Wang, Chih-Ta
This study applies a thermal separation process (TSP) to recover Fe, Mn, and Zn from hazardous spent zinc-carbon and alkaline batteries. In the TSP, the batteries were heated together with a reducing additive and the metals in batteries, according to their boiling points and densities, were found to move into three major output materials: slag, ingot (mainly Fe and Mn), and particulate (particularly Zn). The slag well encapsulated the heavy metals of interest and can be recycled for road pavement or building materials. The ingot had high levels of Fe (522,000 mg/kg) and Mn (253,000 mg/kg) and can serve as an additive for stainless steel-making processes. The particulate phase had a Zn level of 694,000 mg/kg which is high enough to be directly sold for refinement. Overall, the TSP effectively recovered valuable metals from the hazardous batteries.
Soil aquifer treatment of artificial wastewater under saturated conditions
Essandoh, H. M K; Tizaoui, Chedly; Mohamed, Mostafa H A; Amy, Gary L.; Brdjanovic, Damir
A 2000 mm long saturated laboratory soil column was used to simulate soil aquifer treatment under saturated conditions to assess the removal of chemical and biochemical oxygen demand (COD and BOD), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen
Effects of certain burning treatments on veld condition in Giant's ...
Effects of certain burning treatments on veld condition in Giant's Castle Game Reserve. ... Keywords: above-ground standing crop; basal cover; burning; composition change; giant's castle game reserve; natal ... AJOL African Journals Online.
Comparison of the suitability of alkaline or enzymatic sample pre-treatment for characterization of silver nanoparticles in human tissue by single particle ICP-MS
Vidmar, Janja; Buerki-Thurnherr, Tina; Löschner, Katrin
and their size are required for studying NP accumulation in placental tissue. In the present study, we applied and compared two sample preparation techniques, alkaline and enzymatic treatment, followed by single particle ICP-MS (spICP-MS) analysis, for characterizing AgNPs spiked to human placental tissue. Both...... sample preparation approaches are currently used for AgNPs in biological tissues but have not been directly compared yet. We showed that the method using enzymatic tissue treatment followed by spICP-MS is efficient for determination of mass and number concentration and size distribution of AgNPs in human...... placental tissues. Properties of the AgNPs were preserved during enzymatic digestion and comparable with the primary particles. The matrix effect on the determination of Ag sensitivity and transport efficiency in spICP-MS analysis was systematically evaluated as well. The method was applied to human...
Treatment and conditioning of solid and liquid raw
Jakubec, R.
Jadrova a vyradovacia spolocnost, a.s. (JAVYS) implements activities within the processes of treatment and conditioning of radioactive waste (RAW) at two nuclear facilities, one of them located in Bohunice - Technologies for treatment and conditioning of RAW. This nuclear facility includes: Bohunice RAW treatment centre, bituminization lines, waste water purification station and technologies for sorting, fragmentation and decontamination of metallic RAW. The Bohunice RAW treatment centre (BRTC) in Bohunice processes and conditions liquid and solid radioactive waste produced during the A1 NPP and V1 NPP decommissioning, waste from the operation of V2 NPP in Bohunice as well as from the operation of NPP EMO 1,2 in Mochovce. The BRTC includes the following technological facilities: sorting, high-pressure compaction, incineration, concentration and cementation. Treatment of radioactive wastes in the BRTC is described. (authors)
Deletion of intragenic tandem repeats in unit C of FLO1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae increases the conformational stability of flocculin under acidic and alkaline conditions.
Ee Li
Full Text Available Flocculation is an attractive property for Saccaromyces cerevisiae, which plays important roles in fermentation industry and environmental remediation. The process of flocculation is mediated by a family of cell surface flocculins. As one member of flocculins, Flo1 is characterized by four families of repeats (designated as repeat units A, B, C and D in the central domain. It is generally accepted that variation of repeat unit A in length in Flo1 influences the degree of flocculation or specificity for sugar recognization. However, no reports were observed for other repeat units. Here, we compared the flocculation ability and its sensitivity to environmental factors between yeast strain YSF1 carrying the intact FLO1 gene and yeast strains carrying the derived forms of FLO1 with partial or complete deletion of repeats in unit C. No obvious differences in flocculation ability and specificity of carbohydrate recognition were observed among these yeast strains, which indicates the truncated flocculins can stride across the cell wall and cluster the N-terminal domain on the surface of yeast cells as the intact Flo1 thereby improving intercellular binding. However, yeast strains with the truncated flocculins required more mannose to inhibit completely the flocculation, displayed broad tolerance of flocculation to pH fluctuation, and the fewer the repeats in unit C, the stronger adaptability of flocculation to pH change, which was not relevant to the position of deletion. This suggests that more stable active conformation is obtained for flocculin by deletion the repeat unit C in the central domain of Flo1, which was validated further by the higher hydrophobicity on the surface of cells of YSF1c with complete deletion of unit C under neutral and alkaline conditions and the stabilization of GFP conformation by fusion with flocculin with complete deletion of unit C in the central domain.
Structural and optical properties of AgCl-sensitized TiO2 (TiO2 @AgCl prepared by a reflux technique under alkaline condition
V. A. Mu’izayanti
Full Text Available Abstract The AgCl-sensitized TiO2 (TiO2@AgCl has been prepared from the precursor of TiO2-rutile type which on its surface adsorb chloride anion (Cl- and various amounts of silver using AgNO3 as starting material: AgNO3/(AgNO3+TiO2 mass ratio of 0.00, 1.14, 3.25, 6.38 and 10.32%. Reflux under alkaline condition was the employed technique. All samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD and diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy. The sample without the addition of AgNO3 was analyzed by scanning electron microscope and surface area analyzer. The morphology of the sample showed a distribution of microspheres of approximately 0.5 to 1.0 µm and the specific surface area was 68 m2/g. XRD patterns indicated that the sample without the addition of AgNO3 contained two types of TiO2: rutile (major and anatase (minor, whereas the samples with the addition of AgNO3 consisted of one phase of AgCl and two types of TiO2: rutile and anatase. The bandgaps of the samples were in the range of 2.97 to 3.24 eV, which were very close to the bandgap of intrinsic TiO2 powder. The presence of 0.8, 2.6 and 4.4 wt% of AgCl in each sample resulted in an additional bandgap in visible light region of 1.90, 1.94 and 2.26 eV, respectively, whereas the presence of 9.4 wt% of AgCl in the sample resulted in two bandgaps in visible light region of 1.98 and 1.88 eV.
Styrene-spaced copolymers including anthraquinone and β-O-4 lignin model units: synthesis, characterization and reactivity under alkaline pulping conditions.
Megiatto, Jackson D; Cazeils, Emmanuel; Ham-Pichavant, Frédérique; Grelier, Stéphane; Gardrat, Christian; Castellan, Alain
A series of random copoly(styrene)s has been synthesized via radical polymerization of functionalized anthraquinone (AQ) and β-O-4 lignin model monomers. The copolymers were designed to have a different number of styrene spacer groups between the AQ and β-O-4 lignin side chains aiming at investigating the distance effects on AQ/β-O-4 electron transfer mechanisms. A detailed molecular characterization, including techniques such as size exclusion chromatography, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and (1)H, (13)C, (31)P NMR and UV-vis spectroscopies, afforded quantitative information about the composition of the copolymers as well as the average distribution of the AQ and β-O-4 groups in the macromolecular structures. TGA and DSC thermal analysis have indicated that the copolymers were thermally stable under regular pulping conditions, revealing the inertness of the styrene polymer backbone in the investigation of electron transfer mechanisms. Alkaline pulping experiments showed that close contact between the redox active side chains in the copolymers was fundamental for an efficient degradation of the β-O-4 lignin model units, highlighting the importance of electron transfer reactions in the lignin degradation mechanisms catalyzed by AQ. In the absence of glucose, AQ units oxidized phenolic β-O-4 lignin model parts, mainly by electron transfer leading to vanillin as major product. By contrast, in presence of glucose, anthrahydroquinone units (formed by reduction of AQ) reduced the quinone-methide units (issued by dehydration of phenolic β-O-4 lignin model part) mainly by electron transfer leading to guaiacol as major product. Both processes were distance dependent.
Nuclear graphite waste's behaviour under disposal conditions: Study of the release and repartition of organic and inorganic forms of carbon 14 and tritium in alkaline media
Vende, L.
23000 tons of graphite wastes will be generated during dismantling of the first generation of French reactors (9 gas cooled reactors). These wastes are classified as Long Lived Low Level wastes (LLW-LL). As requested by the law, the French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency (Andra) is studying concepts of low-depth disposals.In this work we focus on carbon 14, the main long-lived radionuclide in graphite waste (5730 y), but also on tritium, which is the main contributor to the radioactivity in the short term. Carbon 14 and tritium may be released from graphite waste in many forms in gaseous phase ( 14 CO 2 , HT...) or in solution ( 14 CO 3 2- , HTO...). Their speciation will strongly affect their migration from the disposal site to the environment. Leaching experiments, in alkaline solution (0.1 M NaOH simulating repository conditions) have been performed on irradiated graphite, from Saint-Laurent A2 and G2 reactors, in order to quantify their release and characterize their speciation. The studies show that carbon 14 exists in both gaseous and aqueous phases. In the gaseous phase, release is weak (≤0.1%) and corresponds to oxidizable species. Carbon 14 is mainly released into liquid phase, as both inorganic and organic species. 65% of released fraction is inorganic and 35% organic carbon. Two tritiated species have been identified in gaseous phase: HTO and HT/Organically Bond Tritium. More than 90% of tritium in that phase corresponds to HT/OBT. But release is weak (≤0.1%). HTO is mainly in the liquid phase. (author)
Electro-oxidation of methanol in alkaline conditions using Pd–Ni nanoparticles prepared from organometallic precursors and supported on carbon vulcan
Manzo-Robledo, A., E-mail: amanzor@ipn.mx [UPALM, Laboratorio de ElectroquÃmica y Corrosión, Escuela Superior de IngenierÃa QuÃmica e Industrias Extractivas-IPN (Mexico); Costa, Natália J. S. [Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de QuÃmica (Brazil); Philippot, K. [CNRS, LCC, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (France); Rossi, Liane M. [Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de QuÃmica (Brazil); RamÃrez-Meneses, E. [Universidad Iberoamericana, Departamento de IngenierÃa y Ciencias QuÃmicas (Mexico); Guerrero-Ortega, L. P. A. [UPALM, Laboratorio de ElectroquÃmica y Corrosión, Escuela Superior de IngenierÃa QuÃmica e Industrias Extractivas-IPN (Mexico); Ezquerra-Quiroga, S. [Universidad Iberoamericana, Departamento de IngenierÃa y Ciencias QuÃmicas (Mexico)
Oxidation of low-molecular weight alcohols as energy sources using metal nanoparticles has attracted considerable interest for use as a power source in portable electronic devices. In this work, a series of mono- and bimetallic nanoparticles based on palladium and nickel (Pd, Pd{sub 90}Ni{sub 10}, Pd{sub 50}Ni{sub 50}, Pd{sub 10}Ni{sub 90}, and Ni) have been synthesized from organometallic precursors, namely tris(dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium(0), Pd{sub 2}(dba){sub 3}, and bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0), Ni(cod){sub 2}. Well-defined metal particles in the nanometric scale from 4.2 to 6.3 nm were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The as-prepared nanoparticles were mixed with a carbon Vulcan matrix (10 % wt. of the catalyst in turn) for investigation as electrocatalysts in methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in alkaline conditions. The i–E profiles from cyclic voltammetry for the monometallic systems indicated a redox process attributed only to palladium or nickel, as expected. With the bimetallic nanomaterials, the redox process and the i–E characteristics are functions of the amount of nickel associated to palladium. From a fundamental point of view, it has been established that the OH ions’ interfacial interaction and the MOR kinetics are affected by the presence of nickel (decreasing the faradic current) as supported by the current versus potential profiles obtained as a function of methanol concentration and with temperature variation.
Histopathological and Reproductive Evaluation in Male Rats Fed Jatropha curcas Seed Cake with or without Alkaline Hydrolysis and Subjected to Heat Treatment
Laiane Teixeira Sousa Moura
Full Text Available Jatropha curcas cake, a by-product of biodiesel production, is rich in protein and has potential to be used in livestock feed; however, the presence of antinutritional factors and phorbol esters limits its use. Thus, this study investigated toxicological and reproductive effects in male Wistar rats after subchronic exposure to J. curcas cake subjected to detoxification procedures. Rats were divided into seven groups (n=10 and treated for 60 days. The control group received commercial feed, while experimental groups received a diet containing 5% J. curcas cake nonhydrolyzed or hydrolyzed with 5 M NaOH. The cakes were unwashed or washed with ethanol or water and were autoclaved at 121°C for 30 minutes. Alkaline hydrolysis combined with ethanol washing decreased the phorbol ester concentration in the cake by 98%. Histopathological findings included diffuse degeneration of the liver and edema around the pulmonary vessels in the nonhydrolyzed groups. In addition, nontreated females mated with males of nonhydrolyzed unwashed group showed a decreased number of live fetuses and an increased placental weight. There were no signs of toxicity in rats given hydrolyzed cakes washed and unwashed, indicating that alkaline hydrolysis associated with heat treatment is an efficient method for detoxification of the J. curcas cake.
Histopathological and Reproductive Evaluation in Male Rats Fed Jatropha curcas Seed Cake with or without Alkaline Hydrolysis and Subjected to Heat Treatment.
Teixeira Sousa Moura, Laiane; Palomaris Mariano Souza, Domenica; Mendonça, Simone; de Aquino Ribeiro, José Antônio; Fernandes Sousa, Luciano; Tony Ramos, Adriano; Maiorka, Paulo César; de Araújo, Vera Lúcia; Mayumi Maruo, Viviane
Jatropha curcas cake, a by-product of biodiesel production, is rich in protein and has potential to be used in livestock feed; however, the presence of antinutritional factors and phorbol esters limits its use. Thus, this study investigated toxicological and reproductive effects in male Wistar rats after subchronic exposure to J. curcas cake subjected to detoxification procedures. Rats were divided into seven groups ( n = 10) and treated for 60 days. The control group received commercial feed, while experimental groups received a diet containing 5% J . curcas cake nonhydrolyzed or hydrolyzed with 5 M NaOH. The cakes were unwashed or washed with ethanol or water and were autoclaved at 121°C for 30 minutes. Alkaline hydrolysis combined with ethanol washing decreased the phorbol ester concentration in the cake by 98%. Histopathological findings included diffuse degeneration of the liver and edema around the pulmonary vessels in the nonhydrolyzed groups. In addition, nontreated females mated with males of nonhydrolyzed unwashed group showed a decreased number of live fetuses and an increased placental weight. There were no signs of toxicity in rats given hydrolyzed cakes washed and unwashed, indicating that alkaline hydrolysis associated with heat treatment is an efficient method for detoxification of the J. curcas cake.
Treatment of PCR products with exonuclease I and heat-labile alkaline phosphatase improves the visibility of combined bisulfite restriction analysis
Watanabe, Kousuke; Emoto, Noriko; Sunohara, Mitsuhiro; Kawakami, Masanori; Kage, Hidenori; Nagase, Takahide; Ohishi, Nobuya; Takai, Daiya
Research highlights: → Incubating PCR products at a high temperature causes smears in gel electrophoresis. → Smears interfere with the interpretation of methylation analysis using COBRA. → Treatment with exonuclease I and heat-labile alkaline phosphatase eliminates smears. → The elimination of smears improves the visibility of COBRA. -- Abstract: DNA methylation plays a vital role in the regulation of gene expression. Abnormal promoter hypermethylation is an important mechanism of inactivating tumor suppressor genes in human cancers. Combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA) is a widely used method for identifying the DNA methylation of specific CpG sites. Here, we report that exonuclease I and heat-labile alkaline phosphatase can be used for PCR purification for COBRA, improving the visibility of gel electrophoresis after restriction digestion. This improvement is observed when restriction digestion is performed at a high temperature, such as 60 o C or 65 o C, with BstUI and TaqI, respectively. This simple method can be applied instead of DNA purification using spin columns or phenol/chloroform extraction. It can also be applied to other situations when PCR products are digested by thermophile-derived restriction enzymes, such as PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis.
Effect of alkaline microwaving pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and biogas production of swine manure
Tao Yu; Yihuan Deng; Hongyu Liu; Chunping Yang; Bingwen Wu; Guangming Zeng; Li Lu; Fumitake Nishimura
Microwave assisted with alkaline (MW-A) condition was applied in the pretreatment of swine manure, and the effect of the pretreatment on anaerobic treatment and biogas production was evaluated in this study. The two main microwaving (MW) parameters, microwaving power and reaction time, were optimized for the pretreatment. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effect of alkaline microwaving process for manure pretreatment at various values of pH and energy input. Resul...
Acetate biostimulation as an effective treatment for cleaning up alkaline soil highly contaminated with Cr(VI).
Lara, Paloma; Morett, Enrique; Juárez, Katy
Stimulation of microbial reduction of Cr(VI) to the less toxic and less soluble Cr(III) through electron donor addition has been regarded as a promising approach for the remediation of chromium-contaminated soil and groundwater sites. However, each site presents different challenges; local physicochemical characteristics and indigenous microbial communities influence the effectiveness of the biostimulation processes. Here, we show microcosm assays stimulation of microbial reduction of Cr(VI) in highly alkaline and saline soil samples from a long-term contaminated site in Guanajuato, Mexico. Acetate was effective promoting anaerobic microbial reduction of 15Â mM of Cr(VI) in 25Â days accompanied by an increase in pH from 9 to 10. Our analyses showed the presence of Halomonas, Herbaspirillum, Nesterenkonia/Arthrobacter, and Bacillus species in the soil sample collected. Moreover, from biostimulated soil samples, it was possible to isolate Halomonas spp. strains able to grow at 32Â mM of Cr(VI). Additionally, we found that polluted groundwater has bacterial species different to those found in soil samples with the ability to resist and reduce chromate using acetate and yeast extract as electron donors.
Kinetics of Fe3+ mineral crystallization from ferrihydrite in the presence of Si at alkaline conditions and implications for nuclear waste disposal
Franciscco, Paul Clarence M.; Sato, Tsutomu; Otake, Tsubasa
Fe3+ minerals are ubiquitous in diverse near-surface environments, where they exert important controls on trace species transport. In alkaline environments such as the glass-steel interface in geological high-level radioactive waste disposal sites that use cement for plugging and grouting, Fe...
Overview of Treatment and Conditioning Practices in Goesgen NPP
Aebi, Patrick
Radioactive waste of the Goesgen Nuclear Power Plant is collected and stored in an appropriate form for external conditioning or for direct in-house conditioning procedures. Different waste treatment and conditioning technologies have been used since plant start up in 1979. The main conditioning technology used in-house is bituminization. Reactor internal components, contaminated filter elements of cooling circuits or radioactive sludge from the liquid waste tanks have been treated by dedicated equipment and methods. These methods are under water cutting and manipulation of core components, remote dismantling and compressing of filter elements into cartridges or filtration of sludge with a one-chamber filtration system. (authors)
Efficient visible-light photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous NO with graphitic carbon nitride (g–C_3N_4) activated by the alkaline hydrothermal treatment and mechanism analysis
Nie, Haoyu; Ou, Man; Zhong, Qin; Zhang, Shule; Yu, Lemeng
Highlights: • Various porous g–C_3N_4 samples were obtained by the alkaline hydrothermal treatment. • 0.12CN possesses the largest BET specific surface area and pore volume. • The NO conversion in the presence of 0.12CN reaches 40.4%. • Reasons for the enhanced PCO performance with treated g–C_3N_4 was analyzed. • Further mechanism of the PCO of NO relevant with active species was investigated. - Abstract: In this paper, an enhanced visible-light photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of NO (∼400 ppm) in the presence of the graphitic carbon nitride (g–C_3N_4) treated by the alkaline hydrothermal treatment is evaluated. Various g–C_3N_4 samples were treated in different concentrations of NaOH solutions and the sample treated in 0.12 mol L"−"1 of NaOH solution possesses the largest BET specific surface area as well as the optimal ability of the PCO of NO. UV–vis diffuse reflection spectra (DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra were also conducted, and the highly improved photocatalytic performance is ascribed to the large specific surface area and high pore volume, which provides more adsorption and active sites, the wide visible-light adsorption edge and the narrow band gap, which is favorable for visible-light activation, as well as the decreased recombination rate of photo-generated electrons and holes, which could contribute to the production of active species. Fluorescence spectra and a trapping experiment were conducted to further the mechanism analysis of the PCO of NO, illustrating that superoxide radicals (·O_2"−) play the dominant role among active species in the PCO of NO.
The effect of alkaline treatment and fiber orientation on impact resistant of bio-composites Sansevieria trifasciata fiber/polypropylene as automotive components material
Shieddieque, Apang Djafar; Mardiyati, Suratman, Rochim; Widyanto, Bambang
The increasing amount of car usage is causing an escalated amount of fuel consumption and CO2 emission. It implicates demand for the automotive industry to increase the efficiency of their products, One of the most effective ways to solve the issue is to find green weight light material for the interior automotive component. The Aim of this research was to investigate the effect of alkaline treatment and fiber orientation on the impact resistant of material bio- composite sansevieiria trifasciata fiber/Polypropylene. In this research, bio-composites sansevieria trifasciata fiber/Polypropylene was prepared with random fiber orientation and unidirectional orientation by using a hot press method with pressure 140 Bar and temperature 240°C. Fiber was taken from Sansevieria trifasciata by using mechanical retting. In this study, Sansevieria fiber was given alkaline treatment (mercerization) with NaOH 3% (w/w) solution at temperature 100°C for an hour. The fraction of fiber volume that were used in this experiment are 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. The impact test was conducted based on ASTM D 6110 - 04, and the fracture analysis was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The best result of impact toughness and fracture analysis were achieved by bio composite untreated and unidirectional sansevieria trifasciata fiber/Polypropylene with fiber volume fraction of 15%, which was 48.092kJ/m2 for impact resistant. As compared to the impact toughness standard, which needed for interior automotive component, the impact toughness of sansevieria trifasciata fiber/Polypropylene has fulfilled the standard of the interior material automotive industry. Therefore, this material can be potentially used as materials on the car exterior component.
Acidity and alkalinity in mine drainage: Theoretical considerations
Kirby, Carl S.; Cravotta,, Charles A.
Acidity, net acidity, and net alkalinity are widely used parameters for the characterization of mine drainage, but these terms are not well defined and are often misunderstood. Incorrect interpretation of acidity, alkalinity, and derivative terms can lead to inadequate treatment design or poor regulatory decisions. We briefly explain derivations of theoretical expressions of three types of alkalinities (caustic, phenolphthalein, and total) and acidities (mineral, CO2, and total). Theoretically defined total alkalinity is closely analogous to measured alkalinity and presents few practical interpretation problems. Theoretically defined “CO2- acidity� is closely related to most standard titration methods used for mine drainage with an endpoint pH of 8.3, but it presents numerous interpretation problems, and it is unfortunately named because CO2 is intentionally driven off during titration of mine-drainage samples. Using the proton condition/massaction approach and employing graphs for visualization, we explore the concept of principal components and how to assign acidity contributions to solution species, including aqueous complexes, commonly found in mine drainage. We define a comprehensive theoretical definition of acidity in mine drainage on the basis of aqueous speciation at the sample pH and the capacity of these species to undergo hydrolysis to pH 8.3. This definition indicates the computed acidity in milligrams per liter (mg L-1 ) as CaCO3 (based on pH and analytical concentrations of dissolved FeIII , FeII , Mn, and Al in mg L-1 ): Aciditycomputed = 50. (10(3-pH) + 3.CFeIII/55.8 + 2.CFeII/55.8 + 2.CMn/54.9 + 3.CAl/27.0) underestimates contributions from HSO4 - and H+ , but overestimates the acidity due to Fe3+. These errors tend to approximately cancel each other. We demonstrate that “net alkalinity� is a valid mathematical construction based on theoretical definitions of alkalinity and acidity. We demonstrate that, for most mine-drainage solutions, a
Overview of treatment and conditioning of low-level wastes
Trevorrow, L.
The consideration of alternative technologies in low-level waste management is assumed to be partly a response to current demands for lower risk in waste disposal. One of the determinants of risk in waste disposal is the set of characteristics of the materials placed into disposal cells, i.e., the products of treatment and conditioning operations. The treatment and conditioning operations that have been applied to waste streams are briefly examined. Three operations are the most important determinants of the stability that will contribute to reducing risk at the disposal cell: compaction, high-integrity containers, and solidification. The status of these three operations is reviewed
Valorization of lignin and cellulose in acid-steam-exploded corn stover by a moderate alkaline ethanol post-treatment based on an integrated biorefinery concept.
Yang, Sheng; Zhang, Yue; Yue, Wen; Wang, Wei; Wang, Yun-Yan; Yuan, Tong-Qi; Sun, Run-Cang
Due to the unsustainable consumption of fossil resources, great efforts have been made to convert lignocellulose into bioethanol and commodity organic compounds through biological methods. The conversion of cellulose is impeded by the compactness of plant cell wall matrix and crystalline structure of the native cellulose. Therefore, appropriate pretreatment and even post-treatment are indispensable to overcome this problem. Additionally, an adequate utilization of coproduct lignin will be important for improving the economic viability of modern biorefinery industries. The effectiveness of moderate alkaline ethanol post-treatment on the bioconversion efficiency of cellulose in the acid-steam-exploded corn stover was investigated in this study. Results showed that an increase of the alcoholic sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration from 0.05 to 4% led to a decrease in the lignin content in the post-treated samples from 32.8 to 10.7%, while the cellulose digestibility consequently increased. The cellulose conversion of the 4% alcoholic NaOH integrally treated corn stover reached up to 99.3% after 72Â h, which was significantly higher than that of the acid steam exploded corn stover without post-treatment (57.3%). In addition to the decrease in lignin content, an expansion of cellulose I lattice induced by the 4% alcoholic NaOH post-treatment played a significant role in promoting the enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover. More importantly, the lignin fraction (AL) released during the 4% alcoholic NaOH post-treatment and the lignin-rich residue (EHR) remained after the enzymatic hydrolysis of the 4% alcoholic NaOH post-treated acid-steam-exploded corn stover were employed to synthesize lignin-phenol-formaldehyde (LPF) resins. The plywoods prepared with the resins exhibit satisfactory performances. An alkaline ethanol system with an appropriate NaOH concentration could improve the removal of lignin and modification of the crystalline structure of cellulose in acid
Sample preparation in alkaline media
Nobrega, Joaquim A.; Santos, Mirian C.; Sousa, Rafael A. de; Cadore, Solange; Barnes, Ramon M.; Tatro, Mark
The use of tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tertiary amines and strongly alkaline reagents for sample treatment involving extraction and digestion procedures is discussed in this review. The preparation of slurries is also discussed. Based on literature data, alkaline media offer a good alternative for sample preparation involving an appreciable group of analytes in different types of samples. These reagents are also successfully employed in tailored speciation procedures wherein there is a critical dependence on maintenance of chemical forms. The effects of these reagents on measurements performed using spectroanalytical techniques are discussed. Several undesirable effects on transport and atomization processes necessitate use of the method of standard additions to obtain accurate results. It is also evident that alkaline media can improve the performance of techniques such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and accessories, such as autosamplers coupled to graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometers
Polymer anion-selective membranes for electrolytic splitting of water. Part II: enhancement of ionic conductivity and performance under conditions of alkaline water electrolysis
Hnát, J.; Paidar, M.; Schauer, Jan; Žitka, Jan; Bouzek, K.
Ro�. 42, �. 8 (2012), s. 545-554 ISSN 0021-891X R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) 7E08005 EU Projects: European Commission(XE) 212903 - WELTEMP Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40500505 Keywords : water electrolysis * alkaline environment * polymer electrolyte Subject RIV: CF - Physical ; Theoretical Chemistry Impact factor: 1.836, year: 2012
A laboratory assessment of various treatment conditions affecting ...
conditions affecting the ammoniation of wheat straw by urea. 1. The effect of temperature, moisture level ... levels of 250 and 375 g/kg wheat straw and treatment periods of 0;. 1; 2; 4; 6 and 8 weeks. Dependent variables .... chloride solution containing 5 mg phenyl mercury acetate per litre. In vitro organic matter digestibility ...
Osteoarthritis treatment using autologous conditioned serum after placebo
Rutgers, Marijn; Creemers, Laura B; Auw Yang, Kiem Gie; Raijmakers, Natasja J H; Dhert, Wouter J A; Saris, Daniel B F
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Autologous conditioned serum (ACS) is a disease-modifying drug for treatment of knee osteoarthritis, and modest superiority over placebo was reported in an earlier randomized controlled trial (RCT). We hypothesized that when given the opportunity, placebo-treated patients
Aggregation capability of a fluidised layer of granular material during treatment of water with high DOC and low alkalinity
Pivokonský, Martin; Pivokonská, Lenka; Tomášková, Hana
Ro�. 8, �. 1 (2008), s. 9-17 ISSN 1606-9749 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA103/07/1016 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z20600510 Keywords : water treatment * aggregation * fluidised layer * agitation Subject RIV: BK - Fluid Dynamics
Shelf life of donkey milk subjected to different treatment and storage conditions.
Giacometti, Federica; Bardasi, Lia; Merialdi, Giuseppe; Morbarigazzi, Michele; Federici, Simone; Piva, Silvia; Serraino, Andrea
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different treatment conditions on microbiological indicators of donkey milk hygiene and their evolution during shelf life at 4 and 12°C from 3 to 30d, simulating a farm-scale pasteurization and packing system. Four treatment conditions were tested: no treatment (raw milk), pasteurization (65°C × 30 min), high-pressure processing (HPP), and pasteurization plus HPP. The microbiological quality of the raw donkey milk investigated was not optimal; our results highlight the importance of raw milk management with the need for animal hygiene management and good dairy farming practices on donkey farms to improve handling procedures. The raw milk treated with HPP alone showed visible alterations with flocks, making the milk unfit for sale. The microbiological risk posed by consumption of raw donkey milk was significantly reduced by heat treatment but farm-scale packing systems cannot guarantee an extended shelf life. In contrast, the pasteurization plus HPP treatment was the most effective method to maintain microbiological milk quality. Microflora growth had little effect on pH in donkey milk: pH values were significantly different only between raw milk and pasteurized and pasteurized plus HPP milk stored at 12°C for 3d. Alkaline phosphatase activity and furosine could be used as indicators of proper pasteurization and thermal processing in donkey milk. Moreover, the presence and growth of Bacillus cereus in the case of thermal abuse hamper the wide-scale marketing of donkey milk due to the potential consequences for sensitive consumers and therefore further tests with time/temperature/high-pressure protocols associated with B. cereus are needed. Finally, our study shows that an HPP treatment of pasteurized milk after packing extends the shelf life of donkey milk and assures its microbial criteria up to 30d if properly stored at 4°C until opening; therefore, combined heat treatment and storage strategies are
Optimization of wet lay-up conditions for steam generators hydrazine chemical treatment
Long, A.; Organista, M.; Brun, C.; Combrade, P.
Since a long time, hydrazine is used as a chemical agent to prevent corrosion of unalloyed steels. This is a conventional treatment widely used by nuclear power plant operators. But its application in SG lay-up at French nuclear power plants has, however, lead to some drawbacks. Effluent releases: Due to regulation relative to release of hydrazine and alkaline chemical compounds, some plant operators limit the concentrations of reagents to levels that could lead to insufficient protection of materials. Safety hazards associated with SG nitrogen blanketing: Prohibiting use of nitrogen blankets for SG wet lay-up due to associated safety hazards could likewise jeopardize corrosion protection at normally specified hydrazine levels. As the exact limits of hydrazine action against corrosion during SG lay-up are not well known, it is sometimes difficult to evaluate the risk associated to low dosage of N 2 H 4 . In order to answer to these problems, Framatome ANP (France) decided to carry out a test program aimed to determine the limit conditions for use of hydrazine in a wet lay-up environment. (authors)
Radioactive sodium waste treatment and conditioning. Review of main aspects
This publication reviews the main aspects relating to the treatment and conditioning of radioactive sodium waste. This waste arises from the operation of liquid metal fast reactors (LMFRs). In this type of reactor, sodium (Na) or sodium-potassium alloys (NaK) are used as a low-effect neutron moderating coolant medium for extracting and transferring thermal energy from the core and they represent a significant technical and safety challenge during operation and decommissioning. This publication provides the reader with technologically oriented information on the present status of sodium waste management approaches and recent achievements related to treatment and conditioning, with the objective of facilitating planning and preparatory work for the decommissioning of LMFRs. This publication provides a comprehensive review of the hazards associated with sodium waste management. Given the large quantities of sodium waste arising during decommissioning or reactor refurbishment, as well as the challenges and varied techniques associated with removal of 100% of all sodium and NaK bulk quantities and residues during decommissioning, a hazards review and analysis is a critical component in planning the dismantling and waste management activities. Roughly half of this publication focuses on sodium waste generating, handling and treatment processes. This includes draining sodium and NaK from plant systems; in situ treatment of residual sodium; cutting techniques for pumps, valves, piping and other components; cleaning of components; potential reuse of sodium; and removal of selected radionuclides from sodium waste with the objective of reducing the waste classification or converting it to exempt waste. The focus is on proven techniques and technologies, and each discussed method includes a review of the associated principle or theory, practical applications, advantages and disadvantages, limitations, industry experience, and final waste products. A review is provided of final
Petrogenetic processes, crystallization conditions and nature of the Lower-Oligocene calc-alkaline spessartitic lamprophyres from Kal-e-kafi area (East of Anarak, Isfahan province
Gholam Hossain Nazari
Full Text Available Introduction Lamprophyres are mesocratic to melanocratic igneous rocks, usually hypabyssal, with a panidiomorphic texture and abundant mafic phenocrysts of dark mica or amphibole (or both with or without pyroxene, with or without olivine, set in a matrix of the same minerals, and with alkali-feldspar restricted to the groundmass (Woolley et al., 1996. Lamprophyres are frequently associated with orogenic settings and a mantle modified by dehydration of subducted slab (Gibson et al., 1995. Small outcrops of lamprophyres with Paleozoic to Oligocene age are reported from the central parts of Iran (Torabi 2009 and 2010. The primary magmas of these lamprophyres were derived from decompression melting of the mantle induced by a tensional regime of continental crust (Torabi, 2010. Bayat and Torabi (2011 called the western part of the CEIM (Central-East Iranian Microcontinent (Anarak to Bayazeh a “Paleozoic lamprophyric province� and suggested that the lamprophyre magmas were formed by subduction of Paleo-Tethys oceanic crust from the Early to late Paleozoic which resulted in the mantle metasomatism and enrichment. Lamprophyric dykes and stocks of the Kal-e-kafi area (Central Iran, Northern part of Yazd Block cross-cut the Eocene volcanic rocks and other older rock units such as Cretaceous limestone. These lamprophyres are mainly composed of hornblende (magnesio-hastingsite, clinopyroxene (diopside and plagioclase (labradorite to bytownite as phenocryst, in a matrix of fine to medium grained of the same minerals and orthoclase, apatite, magnetite, chlorite and epidote. In this paper that is a report on the first study on the calc-alkaline lamprophyres of Central Iran, the petrography and mineral chemistry of calc-alkaline lamprophyric dykes of the Kal-e-kafi area are discussed. Materials and methods Chemical composition of minerals were conducted at Kanazawa University (Kanazawa, Japan using the wavelength-dispersive electron probe microanalyzer
Mega-solubility of quartz resulting from highly alkaline fluids produced by dissolved albite in H2O at deep crustal conditions
Makhluf, A. R.; Manning, C. E.
Models of H2O-rich fluids equilibrated with rocks at high P and T fail to predict the high solubilities observed experimentally, chiefly because thermodynamic data for the most abundant solutes is lacking. We investigated the effects of dissolved albite (Ab) on the solubility of quartz (Qz) at 1.0 GPa and 675-900 °C using a piston-cylinder apparatus to quantify possible mineral buffering or enhancement effects. We found a very large enhancement effect on the solubility of Qz when dissolved in dilute aqueous Ab solutions. SiO2 concentrations are similar to Qz solubility in strongly alkaline KOH solutions. At the highest temperature of 900 °C, we found that the solubility of Qz in 1.0 molal Ab solution increases by of factor of 4.5 over that in pure H2O, which corresponds to 10.7 molal SiO2. The nearly identical solubility of Qz in KOH(aq) and Ab solutions of the same concentration, P, and T, strongly suggest that NaOH(aq) liberated from NaAlSi3O8 in H2O fluids effects SiO2 solubility in a similar manner to that of KOH(aq). The deprotonated silica dimer was found to be a key species responsible for the high solubility of Qz in KOH(aq) and is likely responsible for the high solubility of Qz in Ab solutions. While the binaries Qz-H2O, Ab-H2O, and Qz-Ab are well known at 1.0 GPa, little data exists on the ternary system. The new results help quantify the ternary relations in the Ab-Qz-H2O system, which can be used as a simple model for liquid-vapor immiscibility granitic magmas. In addition, these highly alkaline solute-rich aqueous fluids suggest a mechanism for Ab-Qz metasomatism in subduction zones, such as in the Catalina schist (Bebout and Barton 1993), which provides an alternative to high P-T magmas. Our results show that subduction zone and metasomatic fluids may be much more alkaline and have significantly higher dissolving power than previously thought.
The effect of moisture content on the corrosion of fasteners embedded in wood subjected to alkaline copper quaternary treatment
Zelinka, Samuel L.; Glass, Samuel V.; Derome, Dominique
Highlights: • We examine the dependence of metal corrosion on wood moisture content. • Corrosion of steel and galvanized steel in treated wood were measured. • Corrosion products were analyzed across moisture contents using X-ray diffraction. • The corrosion rate has a sigmoidal dependence on moisture content. • The data herein can be used to improve combined hygrothermal–corrosion models. - Abstract: This paper characterizes the corrosion rate of embedded fasteners as a function of wood moisture content using gravimetric and electrochemical measurements. The results indicated that the corrosion rate increased with moisture content before reaching a plateau. The phases present in the corrosion products, as analyzed using X-ray diffraction, are generally consistent with previous work. Uniform corrosion was observed for all fasteners and all conditions except steel fasteners embedded in water-saturated wood. Data of dependence of corrosion rate on moisture content, presented herein, are necessary to ensure the accuracy of combined hygrothermal/corrosion models used to predict durability of wood structures
Hybrid protocols plus natural treatments for inflammatory conditions.
Hybrid protocols combine one, two, or three pharmaceutical drugs with several nutritional or immune-based therapies. These protocols are not limited solely to FDA-approved drugs or strictly to alternative therapies. The rationale for using a hybrid protocol is to find an effective antiviral regimen that also restores immune function. The goal is to obtain the benefits of protease inhibitors without viral resistance and side effects which include problems with fat metabolism and cholesterol levels. Natural treatments for inflammatory conditions are also described. Options include licorice root, ginger root, and slippery elm.
Treatment and final conditioning of solid radioactive wastes
Cerre, J.
The storage of solid radioactive wastes on a site is so cumbersome and dangerous that we have developed a method of treatment and conditioning by means of which the volume of waste is considerably reduced and very long-lasting shielding can be provided. This paper describes the techniques adopted at Saclay, where the wastes are sheared, compressed and enveloped in concrete of variable thickness. The main part of the report is devoted to a description of the corresponding remote handling installation. (author) [fr
Use of the ion exchange method for the determination of stability constants of trivalent metal complexes with humic and fulvic acids II. Tb3+, Yb3+ and Gd3+ complexes in weakly alkaline conditions
Dong Wenming; Li Weijuan; Tao Zuyi
The conditional stability constants for tracer concentrations of Tb(III), Yb(III), and Gd(III) with three soil humic acids, three soil fulvic acids and a fulvic acid from weathered coal were determined at pH 9.0-9.1 (these values are similar to those in calcareous soils) in the presence of NaHCO 3 by using the anion exchange method. It was found that 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 complexes were simultaneously formed in the weakly alkaline conditions. The conditional stability constants of these 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 complexes were calculated from the distribution coefficients of rare earth elements at various concentrations of humate or fulvate. The stability constants indicate the very high stability of trivalent Tb 3+ , Yb 3+ and Gd 3+ complexes with humic substances in weakly alkaline conditions. The key parameters necessary for the experimental determination of the conditional stability constants of metal ions with humic substances in the presence of NaHCO 3 by using an anion exchange method were discussed. The conditional stability constants of these 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 complexes were compared in this paper. It was found that stabilities of Tb 3+ 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 complexes with humic acid are greater than the corresponding ones with fulvic acid from the same soil. In addition, the effect of the presence of Ca 2+ as a competitor on the stabilities of 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 complexes of Yb was examined and no pronounced change of stabilities of 1 : 1 complex was found, even though Ca 2+ is in a 10 3 excess to Yb 3+
Multiscale Alterations in Sugar Cane Bagasse and Straw Submitted to Alkaline Deacetylation
Lima, Cleilton S. [Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory (CTBE), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biotechnology, Engineering College of Lorena, University of São Paulo, 12602-810 Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil; Rabelo, Sarita C. [Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory (CTBE), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Ciesielski, Peter N. [Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States; Roberto, Inês C. [Department of Biotechnology, Engineering College of Lorena, University of São Paulo, 12602-810 Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil; Rocha, George J. M. [Department of Biotechnology, Engineering College of Lorena, University of São Paulo, 12602-810 Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil; Driemeier, Carlos [Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory (CTBE), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
Alkaline deacetylation has emerged as a promising chemistry for pretreatments performed prior to enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass. This process avoids complex pressurized reactors and opens new opportunities for lignin covalorization. In this work, we evaluate the chemical and morphological response of sugar cane bagasse and straw submitted to alkaline treatments. Alkaline solutions for deacetylation (0.4% w/w NaOH, 70 degrees C, 3 h) as well as proximal conditions (0.1-0.7% NaOH, 55-85 degrees C, 1-5 h) chosen by 23 experimental design were evaluated. The deacetylation treatment removes ~90% of the acetyl groups and 20-30% of the lignin from both bagasse and straw, while removal of ~20% of the xylan and glucan is observed in straw, but not in bagasse. Considering nanoscale structural alterations, neither cellulose cocrystallization (evaluated by X-ray diffraction) nor formation of lignin aggregates (evaluated by thermoporometric signature) are observed after the alkaline conditions, in contrast to observations after hydrothermal treatments. Furthermore, calorimetric thermoporometry as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopies show substantial introduction of nanoscale porosity and loosening of the tissue and cell wall structures, indicating desirable mechanical weakening and gains in enzyme accessibility. These results provide fundamental and practical knowledge for biorefineries based on alkaline deacetylation of sugar cane bagasse and straw.
Treatment and conditioning of metallic intermediate level waste
Lidar, Per; Larsson, Arne; Huutoniemi, Tommi; Blank, Eva; Elfwing, Mattias
In 2011 SKB started an R and D program for evaluating different disposal concepts for LL-LILW. The purpose was to develop alternative repository concepts and conditioning methods for LL-LILW and to evaluate and compare them from a range of parameters. The goal is to present a comparison between identified repository concepts by 2013. The material should be of such a quality that SKB can make decisions of which concepts that are to be further investigated in a safety analysis. As a part of the R and D program for the LL-LILW disposal facility, Studsvik was assigned to investigate whether melting of metallic LL-LILW is technically feasible and, if so, what the requirements are to build and operate such a facility. Specific concern was given to the following metallic components: - Core components and reactor internals from both boiling water reactors (BWRs) and pressurized water reactors (PWRs). - Reactor pressure vessels from PWRs. The paper presents a feasibility study of a melting facility for core components and reactor internals. An overview is given of how such a facility for treatment of intermediate level waste might be designed, constructed and operated and highlights both the possibilities and challenges. A cost estimate and a risk analysis are presented in order to make a conclusion of the technical feasibility of such a facility. Based on the Studsvik authors' experience in operating a low level waste melting facility, their conclusion is presented in the paper, considering cost of constructing and operating such a facility, in conjunction with the radio-logical risks associated with operation and the benefits to disposal and long term safety. Studsvik also investigated alternative techniques for embedding of metallic ILW components. Embedding of radioactive metallic ILW components protects the component from corrosion and leakage of radionuclides from repository to biosphere can thereby be both delayed and decreased. Conditioning by embedding has
Influence of alkaline treatment and fiber loading on the physical and mechanical properties of kenaf/polypropylene composites for variety of applications☆
Majid Niaz Akhtar; Abu Bakar Sulong; M.K. Fadzly Radzi; N.F. Ismail; M.R. Raza; Norhamidi Muhamad; Muhammad Azhar Khan
Due to current trend and increasing interest towards natural based fiber products, Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) fibers have been used for the developments of many products. Therefore, Kenaf fiber-reinforced composites have been widely used in engineering and industrial applications. The present work deals with the fabricating and characterization of untreated and treated kenaf/polypropylene (PP)-reinforced composites. Composites of PP reinforced with treated and untreated kenaf fibers were fabricated using the injection molding technique. Different fiber loadings of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 wt%treated and untreated kenaf composites were also prepared. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed on the treated, untreated kenaf fibers and kenaf/PP composites. Moreover, the alkaline-treated kenaf composites exhibit better physical, morphological, and mechanical properties because of the compatibility of kenaf with PP. However, variations in tensile and flexural properties depend on treatment and kenaf fiber contents. The percentage increase in the mechanical properties of the treated kenaf/PP composites relative to that of PP was also measured. In addition, 40 wt%kenaf fiber loading resulted in higher mechanical properties. By contrast, kenaf/PP composite with 50%fiber loading was not successfully prepared because of improper mixing and the burning of kenaf fibers in the PP matrix. To conclude, 40%kenaf/PP composites with superior physical and mechanical properties may be used in variety of applications such as automotive, sports, construction, animal bedding, and mass production industries.
Influence of alkaline treatment and fiber loading on the physical and mechanical properties of kenaf/polypropylene composites for variety of applications
Majid Niaz Akhtar; Abu Bakar Sulong; M.K.Fadzly Radzi; N.F.Ismail; M.R.Raza; Norhamidi Muhamad; Muhammad Azhar Khan
Due to current trend and increasing interest towards natural based fiber products,Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) fibers have been used for the developments of many products.Therefore,Kenaf fiber-reinforced composites have been widely used in engineering and industrial applications.The present work deals with the fabricating and characterization of untreated and treated kenaf/polypropylene (PP)-reinforced composites.Composites of PP reinforced with treated and untreated kenaf fibers were fabricated using the injection molding technique.Different fiber loadings of 10,20,30,40,50 wtï¼… treated and untreated kenaf composites were also prepared.Xray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM),Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed on the treated,untreated kenaf fibers and kenaf/PP composites.Moreover,the alkaline-treated kenaf composites exhibit better physical,morphological,and mechanical properties because of the compatibility of kenaf with PP.However,variations in tensile and flexural properties depend on treatment and kenaf fiber contents.The percentage increase in the mechanical properties of the treated kenaf/PP composites relative to that of PP was also measured.In addition,40 wtï¼…kenaf fiber loading resulted in higher mechanical properties.By contrast,kenaf/PP composite with 50ï¼… fiber loading was not successfully prepared because of improper mixing and the burning of kenaf fibers in the PP matrix.To conclude,40ï¼… kenaf/PP composites with superior physical and mechanical properties may be used in variety of applications such as automotive,sports,construction,animal bedding,and mass production industries.
Majid Niaz Akhtar
Full Text Available Due to current trend and increasing interest towards natural based fiber products, Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus fibers have been used for the developments of many products. Therefore, Kenaf fiber-reinforced composites have been widely used in engineering and industrial applications. The present work deals with the fabricating and characterization of untreated and treated kenaf/polypropylene (PP-reinforced composites. Composites of PP reinforced with treated and untreated kenaf fibers were fabricated using the injection molding technique. Different fiber loadings of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50Â wt% treated and untreated kenaf composites were also prepared. X-ray diffraction (XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR spectroscopy and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA were performed on the treated, untreated kenaf fibers and kenaf/PP composites. Moreover, the alkaline-treated kenaf composites exhibit better physical, morphological, and mechanical properties because of the compatibility of kenaf with PP. However, variations in tensile and flexural properties depend on treatment and kenaf fiber contents. The percentage increase in the mechanical properties of the treated kenaf/PP composites relative to that of PP was also measured. In addition, 40Â wt% kenaf fiber loading resulted in higher mechanical properties. By contrast, kenaf/PP composite with 50% fiber loading was not successfully prepared because of improper mixing and the burning of kenaf fibers in the PP matrix. To conclude, 40% kenaf/PP composites with superior physical and mechanical properties may be used in variety of applications such as automotive, sports, construction, animal bedding, and mass production industries.
Interaction of NO during cathodic polarization in alkaline conditions at the interface of Pt-nanostructures supported on C and TiO2-C
Estudillo-Wong, L.A.; Arce-Estrada, E.M.; Manzo-Robledo, A.
The electroreduction of nitric oxide (NO) in alkaline media was carried out on Pt nanoparticles (5 wt.% Pt), which were synthesized by the carbonyl route. The as-prepared materials were supported on Carbon Black (XC-72R, C) and TiO 2 -C composite (10 wt.% TiO 2 ) and deposited on glassy carbon (GC) electrode. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), CO-stripping and hydrogen adsorption-desorption (H upd ) analysis were employed to characterize the structure and electrochemical properties. According to XRD patterns, the particle size increases from 3.95 to 8.98 nm due to the interaction of Pt with TiO 2 in the carbon matrix. This modification promotes a better performance during CO-oxidation and proton adsorption-desorption. As a consequence, the performance toward NO-reduction was more important in TiO 2 -C composite, linked with the electrochemical active-surface area and chemical surface area relationship (ECSA/CSA). It was found that the mechanism for the reduction of nitric oxide toward nitrogen is a bi-functional process with coupled chemical and electrochemical interfacial-reactions with NH 2 specie as intermediate, as demonstrated by the induced reduction reaction of NO 2 − and NO 2 − + NO, and UV-vis spectrometry
Innovative waste treatment and conditioning technologies at nuclear power plants
The objective of this publication is to provide Member States with information on the most innovative technologies and strategies used in waste treatment and conditioning. At present, some of those technologies and strategies might not be widely implemented at nuclear power plants (NPP), but they have an important potential for their use as part of the long range NPP, utility, or national strategy. Thus, the target audience is those decision makers at the national and organizational level responsible for selecting waste processing technologies and strategies over a period of three to ten years. Countries and individual nuclear plants have limited financial resources which can be applied toward radioactive waste processing (treatment and conditioning). They are challenged to determine which of the many available technologies and strategies are best suited to meet national or local needs. This publication reduces the selection of processes for wastes generated by nuclear power plants to those technologies and strategies which are considered innovative. The report further identifies the key benefits which may derive from the adoption of those technologies, the different waste streams to which each technology is relevant, and the limitations of the technologies. The technologies and strategies identified have been evaluated to differentiate between (1) predominant technologies (those that are widely practiced in multiple countries or a large number of nuclear plants), and (2) innovative technologies (those which are not so widely used but are considered to offer benefits which make them suitable for broader application across the industry). Those which fall into the second category are the primary focus of this report. Many IAEA publications address the technical aspects of treatment and conditioning for radioactive wastes, covering research, technological advances, and safety issues. These studies and reports primarily target the research and technical staff of a
Influence of Reaction Conditions on Lignin Hydrothermal Treatment
Erdocia, Xabier; Prado, Raquel; Corcuera, M. �ngeles; Labidi, Jalel, E-mail: jalel.labidi@ehu.es [Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country, San Seabastian (Spain)
Organosolv lignin, obtained from olive tree pruning under optimized conditions, was subjected to a hydrothermal depolymerization process catalyzed by sodium hydroxide. The depolymerization of lignin was carried out at 300°C using different reaction times (20, 40, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 min) in order to study the influence of this parameter on lignin depolymerization. The resulting products (oil and residual lignin) were measured and analyzed by different techniques (GC/MS, high-performance size-exclusion chromatography, and pyrolysis–GC/MS) in order to determine their nature and composition. Coke was also formed, at a lower quantity, uncompetitive repolymerization reactions during the lignin hydrothermal treatment. The maximum oil yield and concentration of monomeric phenolic compounds was obtained after 80 min of reaction time. The highest reaction time studied (100 min) had the worst results with the lowest oil yield and highest coke production.
Uranium in alkaline rocks
Murphy, M.; Wollenberg, H.; Strisower, B.; Bowman, H.; Flexser, S.; Carmichael, I.
Geologic and geochemical criteria were developed for the occurrence of economic uranium deposits in alkaline igneous rocks. A literature search, a limited chemical analytical program, and visits to three prominent alkaline-rock localities (Ilimaussaq, Greenland; Pocos de Caldas, Brazil; and Powderhorn, Colorado) were made to establish criteria to determine if a site had some uranium resource potential. From the literature, four alkaline-intrusive occurrences of differing character were identified as type-localities for uranium mineralization, and the important aspects of these localities were described. These characteristics were used to categorize and evaluate U.S. occurrences. The literature search disclosed 69 U.S. sites, encompassing nepheline syenite, alkaline granite, and carbonatite. It was possible to compare two-thirds of these sites to the type localities. A ranking system identified ten of the sites as most likely to have uranium resource potential
Geologic and geochemical criteria were developed for the occurrence of economic uranium deposits in alkaline igneous rocks. A literature search, a limited chemical analytical program, and visits to three prominent alkaline-rock localities (Ilimaussaq, Greenland; Pocos de Caldas, Brazil; and Powderhorn, Colorado) were made to establish criteria to determine if a site had some uranium resource potential. From the literature, four alkaline-intrusive occurrences of differing character were identified as type-localities for uranium mineralization, and the important aspects of these localities were described. These characteristics were used to categorize and evaluate U.S. occurrences. The literature search disclosed 69 U.S. sites, encompassing nepheline syenite, alkaline granite, and carbonatite. It was possible to compare two-thirds of these sites to the type localities. A ranking system identified ten of the sites as most likely to have uranium resource potential.
Remote ischemic conditioning: A treatment for vascular cognitive impairment
David C Hess
Full Text Available There is a strong link between hypoperfusion and white matter (WM damage in patients with leukoaraiosis and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI. Other than management of vascular risk factors, there is no treatment for WM damage and VCI that delays progression of the disease process to dementia. Observational studies suggest that exercise may prevent or slow down the progression of Alzheimer′s disease (AD and VCI. However, getting patients to exercise is challenging, especially with advancing age and disability. Remote ischemic conditioning, an "exercise equivalent," allows exercise to be given with a "device" at home for long periods of time. Since remote ischemic conditioning (RIC increases cerebral blood flow (CBF in preclinical studies and in humans, RIC may be an ideal therapy to treat VCI and WM disease and perhaps even sporadic AD. By using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI imaging of WM progression, a sample size in the range of about 100 subjects per group could determine if RIC has activity in WM disease and VCI.
Essandoh, H. M K
A 2000 mm long saturated laboratory soil column was used to simulate soil aquifer treatment under saturated conditions to assess the removal of chemical and biochemical oxygen demand (COD and BOD), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen and phosphate, using high strength artificial wastewater. The removal rates were determined under a combination of constant hydraulic loading rates (HLR) and variable COD concentrations as well as variable HLR under a constant COD. Within the range of COD concentrations considered (42 mg L-1-135 mg L-1) it was found that at fixed hydraulic loading rate, a decrease in the influent concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen and phosphate improved their removal efficiencies. At the high COD concentrations applied residence times influenced the redox conditions in the soil column. Long residence times were detrimental to the removal process for COD, BOD and DOC as anoxic processes and sulphate reduction played an important role as electron acceptors. It was found that total COD mass loading within the range of 911 mg d-1-1780 mg d-1 applied as low COD wastewater infiltrated coupled with short residence times would provide better effluent quality than the same mass applied as a COD with higher concentration at long residence times. The opposite was true for organic nitrogen where relatively high concentrations coupled with long residence time gave better removal efficiency. © 2011.
Processing Methods of Alkaline Hydrolysate from Rice Husk
Olga D. Arefieva
Full Text Available This paper devoted to finding processing methods of alkaline hydrolysate produced from rice husk pre-extraction, and discusses alkaline hydrolysate processing schemed and disengagement of some products: amorphous silica of various quality, alkaline lignin, and water and alkaline extraction polysaccharides. Silica samples were characterized: crude (air-dried, burnt (no preliminary water treatment, washed in distilled water, and washed in distilled water and burnt. Waste water parameters upon the extraction of solids from alkaline hydrolysate dropped a few dozens or thousand times depending on the applied processing method. Color decreased a few thousand times, turbidity was virtually eliminated, chemical oxygen demanded about 20–136 times; polyphenols content might decrease 50% or be virtually eliminated. The most prospective scheme obtained the two following solid products from rice husk alkaline hydrolysate: amorphous silica and alkaline extraction polysaccharide. Chemical oxygen demand of the remaining waste water decreased about 140 times compared to the silica-free solution.
Alkaline peroxide treatment of ECF bleached softwood kraft pulps: part 2. effect of increased fiber charge on refining, wet-end application, and hornification
Zheng Dang; Thomas Elder; Jeffery S. Hsieh; Arthur J. Ragauskas
The effect of increased fiber charge on refining, cationic starch adsorption, and hornification was examined. Two pulps were investigated: (1) a softwood (SW) kraft pulp (KP) which was bleached elementally chlorine-free (ECF) and sewed as control; and (2) a control pulp treated with alkaline peroxide, which had a higher fiber charge. It was shown that increased fiber...
Efecto del secado térmico y el tratamiento alcalino en las caracterÃsticas microbiológicas y quÃmicas de biosólidos de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales domésticas Effect of thermal drying and alkaline treatment on the microbiological and chemical characteristics of biosolids from domestic wastewater treatment plants
Jorge Silva-Leal
Full Text Available We evaluated the effect of thermal drying (60 to 75 ºC and times from 0 to 12.58 h and alkaline treatment (Ca(OH2 and CaO at doses from 8 to 10%. on the microbiological and chemical characteristics of biosolids from the Cañaveralejo WWTP. The results showed that in thermal drying all temperatures studied were sufficient to achieve the sanitation of biosolids. In the alkaline treatment the two types of lime showed the total elimination of fecal coliforms, E. coli and helminth eggs, however, the process of alkalization of biosolids had significant influences on organic carbon and calcium.
Growth hormone (GH) treatment increases serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, bone isoenzyme alkaline phosphatase and forearm bone mineral content in young adults with GH deficiency of childhood onset
Juul, A; Pedersen, S A; Sørensen, S
Recent studies have demonstrated that growth hormone (GH)-deficient adults have a markedly decreased bone mineral content compared to healthy adults. However, there are conflicting results regarding the effects of GH treatment on bone mineral content in GH-deficient adults. Therefore, we evaluated...... the effect of GH treatment on a marker of bone formation (bone alkaline phosphatase), hepatic excretory function and distal forearm bone mineral content in GH-deficient adults. Growth hormone was administered subcutaneously in 21 adults (13 males and 8 females) with GH deficiency of childhood onset for 4...
Net alkalinity and net acidity 2: Practical considerations
Kirby, C.S.; Cravotta, C.A.
The pH, alkalinity, and acidity of mine drainage and associated waters can be misinterpreted because of the chemical instability of samples and possible misunderstandings of standard analytical method results. Synthetic and field samples of mine drainage having various initial pH values and concentrations of dissolved metals and alkalinity were titrated by several methods, and the results were compared to alkalinity and acidity calculated based on dissolved solutes. The pH, alkalinity, and acidity were compared between fresh, unoxidized and aged, oxidized samples. Data for Pennsylvania coal mine drainage indicates that the pH of fresh samples was predominantly acidic (pH 2.5-4) or near neutral (pH 6-7); ??? 25% of the samples had pH values between 5 and 6. Following oxidation, no samples had pH values between 5 and 6. The Standard Method Alkalinity titration is constrained to yield values >0. Most calculated and measured alkalinities for samples with positive alkalinities were in close agreement. However, for low-pH samples, the calculated alkalinity can be negative due to negative contributions by dissolved metals that may oxidize and hydrolyze. The Standard Method hot peroxide treatment titration for acidity determination (Hot Acidity) accurately indicates the potential for pH to decrease to acidic values after complete degassing of CO2 and oxidation of Fe and Mn, and it indicates either the excess alkalinity or that required for neutralization of the sample. The Hot Acidity directly measures net acidity (= -net alkalinity). Samples that had near-neutral pH after oxidation had negative Hot Acidity; samples that had pH mine drainage treatment can lead to systems with insufficient Alkalinity to neutralize metal and H+ acidity and is not recommended. The use of net alkalinity = -Hot Acidity titration is recommended for the planning of mine drainage treatment. The use of net alkalinity = (Alkalinitymeasured - Aciditycalculated) is recommended with some cautions
Analysis of contamination conditions of the Joyo Waste Treatment Facility
Yoshizawa, S.; Ishijima, N.; Tanimoto, K.
Decontamination methods have been studied for decommissioning of Joyo Waste Treatment Facility whose operation has been stopped in 1994. In this study, we analyzed samples of its system piping, whose dose rate was relatively low, to determine conditions of contamination. We also study appropriate decontamination methods for them. Results are as follows. 1. The inner surfaces of piping were covered with a very thin clad that was less than 1 micrometer in thickness and had many vacancies, looked like particle detachment, which were about 20 micrometers in depth. Something like corrosion product was observed near the surface and it was 440 micrometers in depth. 2. Radioactive contamination was considered to settle on a lower part of the piping and to be buried in the clad. A kind of dominant contamination nuclide was 60 Co. 3. Hot nitric acid process will be suitable for system decontamination to reduce dose rate before dismantling. But its feasibility tests are indispensable using samples of main system components that have high dose rate. Rubber lining tanks requires another methods because of its difficulty of decontamination. 4. Analyses and decontamination tests using main system are required to decide through decontamination methods according to the clearance level. (author)
Systemic and local effects of long-term exposure to alkaline drinking water in rats.
Merne, M E; Syrjänen, K J; Syrjänen, S M
Alkaline conditions in the oral cavity may be caused by a variety of stimuli, including tobacco products, antacids, alkaline drinking water or bicarbonate toothpaste. The effects of alkaline pH on oral mucosa have not been systematically studied. To assess the systemic (organ) and local (oral mucosal) effects of alkalinity, drinking water supplemented with Ca(OH)2 or NaOH, with pH 11.2 or 12 was administered to rats (n = 36) for 52 weeks. Tissues were subjected to histopathological examination; oral mucosal biopsy samples were also subjected to immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses for pankeratin, CK19, CK5, CK4, PCNA, ICAM-1, CD44, CD68, S-100, HSP 60, HSP70, and HSP90. At completion of the study, animals in the study groups had lower body weights (up to 29% less) than controls despite equal food and water intake, suggesting a systemic response to the alkaline treatment. The lowest body weight was found in rats exposed to water with the highest pH value and starting the experiment when young (6 weeks). No histological changes attributable to alkaline exposure occurred in the oral mucosa or other tissues studied. Alkaline exposure did not affect cell proliferation in the oral epithelium, as shown by the equal expression of PCNA in groups. The up-regulation of HSP70 protein expression in the oral mucosa of rats exposed to alkaline water, especially Ca(OH)2 treated rats, may indicate a protective response. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) positivity was lost in 6/12 rats treated with Ca(OH)2 with pH 11.2, and loss of CD44 expression was seen in 3/6 rats in both study groups exposed to alkaline water with pH 12. The results suggest that the oral mucosa in rats is resistant to the effects of highly alkaline drinking water. However, high alkalinity may have some unknown systemic effects leading to growth retardation, the cause of which remains to be determined.
Redistribution of wastewater alkalinity with a microbial fuel cell to support nitrification of reject water.
Modin, Oskar; Fukushi, Kensuke; Rabaey, Korneel; Rozendal, René A; Yamamoto, Kazuo
In wastewater treatment plants, the reject water from the sludge treatment processes typically contains high ammonium concentrations, which constitute a significant internal nitrogen load in the plant. Often, a separate nitrification reactor is used to treat the reject water before it is fed back into the plant. The nitrification reaction consumes alkalinity, which has to be replenished by dosing e.g. NaOH or Ca(OH)(2). In this study, we investigated the use of a two-compartment microbial fuel cell (MFC) to redistribute alkalinity from influent wastewater to support nitrification of reject water. In an MFC, alkalinity is consumed in the anode compartment and produced in the cathode compartment. We use this phenomenon and the fact that the influent wastewater flow is many times larger than the reject water flow to transfer alkalinity from the influent wastewater to the reject water. In a laboratory-scale system, ammonium oxidation of synthetic reject water passed through the cathode chamber of an MFC, increased from 73.8 ± 8.9 mgN/L under open-circuit conditions to 160.1 ± 4.8 mgN/L when a current of 1.96 ± 0.37 mA (15.1 mA/L total MFC liquid volume) was flowing through the MFC. These results demonstrated the positive effect of an MFC on ammonium oxidation of alkalinity-limited reject water. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Advanced alkaline water electrolysis
Marini, Stefania; Salvi, Paolo; Nelli, Paolo; Pesenti, Rachele; Villa, Marco; Berrettoni, Mario; Zangari, Giovanni; Kiros, Yohannes
A short review on the fundamental and technological issues relevant to water electrolysis in alkaline and proton exchange membrane (PEM) devices is given. Due to price and limited availability of the platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts they currently employ, PEM electrolyzers have scant possibilities of being employed in large-scale hydrogen production. The importance and recent advancements in the development of catalysts without PGMs are poised to benefit more the field of alkaline electrolysis rather than that of PEM devices. This paper presents our original data which demonstrate that an advanced alkaline electrolyzer with performances rivaling those of PEM electrolyzers can be made without PGM and with catalysts of high stability and durability. Studies on the advantages/limitations of electrolyzers with different architectures do show how a judicious application of pressure differentials in a recirculating electrolyte scheme helps reduce mass transport limitations, increasing efficiency and power density.
Acid transformation of bauxite residue: Conversion of its alkaline characteristics
Kong, X.; Li, M.; Xue, S.; Hartley, W.; Chen, C.; Wu, C.; Li, X.; Li, Y.
Bauxite residue (BR) is a highly alkaline solid hazardous waste produced from bauxite processing for alumina production. Alkaline transformation appears to reduce the environmental risk of bauxite residue disposal areas (BRDAs) whilst potentially providing opportunities for the sustainable reuse and on-going management of BR. Mineral acids, a novel citric acid and a hybrid combination of acid-gypsum treatments were investigated for their potential to reduce residue pH and total alkalinity and...
Economic impact of antidepressant treatment duration in naturalistic conditions.
Tournier, M; Crott, R; Gaudron, Y; Verdoux, H
To assess the economic impact of the duration of antidepressant drug treatment in a real-life setting. A historical fixed cohort study included 27 917 patients aged 18 and over with a new antidepressant treatment registered in the national insurance database. The economic impact concerned healthcare expenditure in the first 3 months after treatment discontinuation. Generalized linear models were used to compare two groups of treatment duration: adjustment for care costs before and during treatment episode, gender, age, chronic diseases, welfare and prescriber specialty, total healthcare costs (in log) [-0.06 (-0.14;0.01) P = 0.11] and psychiatric care costs (in square root) [-0.08 (-0.41;0.25) P = 0.6] were similar in both groups. Non-psychiatric care costs were significantly lower in the 'long treatment duration' group compared with the 'short treatment duration' group [-11.4 (-15.8; -7.0) P costs over the antidepressant treatment episode were larger in the 'long treatment duration' group compared with the 'short treatment duration' group. With regard to healthcare costs and global health, antidepressant drug treatments of short duration appear less effective than treatment of recommended duration. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Selective arsenical purification of substances during an alkaline treatment process of an uranium and/or molybdenum bearing ore by means of a magnesium compound
Maurel, Pierre; Lamerant, J.M.; Pallez, Francois.
The ores is digested by means of an aqueous liquor of sodium or potassium carbonate and/or bicarbonate, the digestion being carried out under conditions of concentrations, temperatures and pressures bringing about the solubilization of the uranium and/or molybdenum and the arsenic present in the core. A solid phase suspension is lifted from a liquid phase and the phases are separated. The arsenic solubilized during the digestion is extracted as magnesium arsenate by treatment of the medium containing the arsenic by means of a magnesium compound [fr
Effects of source, water conditioning and thermal treatment on ...
at 15 % moisture content amounting to 61.3 MJ was the optimum thermal treatment for achieving germination of 69 %. R. heudelotii seeds soaked in water for 15 days at moisture content of 24 % over dry weight followed by thermal treatment improved germination by 22 %. The highest germination of 79 % was obtained for ...
Determining treatment levels of comorbid psychiatric conditions in ...
Background: Psychiatric co-morbidities occur more frequently in patients with epilepsy but are usually undertreated. Treatment of these disorders is key to reducing mortality via suicide and other causes. This study determined the levels of treatment of psychiatric comorbidities at clinics in Lusaka, Zambia. Methodology: This ...
Production of alkaline protease by Teredinobacter turnirae cells ...
The conditions for immobilizing the new alkaline protease-producing bacteria strain Teredinobacter turnirae by entrapment in calcium alginate gel were investigated. The influence of alginate concentration (20, 25 and 30 g/l) and initial cell loading (ICL) on enzyme production were studied. The production of alkaline ...
Periodontal Condition and Treatment Needs of Some Pregnant ...
been reported to have effects on periodontal health include ... hormonal imbalance as seen during pregnancy, which if that is the case, should resolve following childbirth .... tissue destruction, which will require a chronic inflammatory condition ...
General treatment of a non-linear gauge condition
Malleville, C.
A non linear gauge condition is presented in the frame of a non abelian gauge theory broken with the Higgs mechanism. It is shown that this condition already introduced for the standard SU(2) x U(1) model can be generalized for any gauge model with the same type of simplification, namely the suppression of any coupling of the form: massless gauge boson, massive gauge boson, unphysical Higgs [fr
Coupling the Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer Technology and The Gelation Technology to Maximize Oil Production
Malcolm Pitts; Jie Qi; Dan Wilson; Phil Dowling; David Stewart; Bill Jones
Gelation technologies have been developed to provide more efficient vertical sweep efficiencies for flooding naturally fractured oil reservoirs or reservoirs with different sand lenses with high permeability contrast. The field proven alkaline-surfactant-polymer technology economically recovers 15% to 25% OOIP more crude oil than waterflooding from swept pore space of an oil reservoir. However, alkaline-surfactant-polymer technology is not amenable to naturally fractured reservoirs or reservoirs with high permeability contrast zones because much of injected solution bypasses target pore space containing oil. This work investigates whether combining these two technologies could broaden applicability of alkaline-surfactant-polymer flooding into these reservoirs. Fluid-fluid interaction with different gel chemical compositions and alkaline-surfactant-polymer solution with pH values ranging from 9.2 to 12.9 have been tested. Aluminum-polyacrylamide gels are not stable to alkaline-surfactant-polymer solutions at any pH. Chromium-polyacrylamide gels with polymer to chromium ion ratios of 25 or greater were stable to alkaline-surfactant-polymer solutions if solution pH was 10.6 or less. When the polymer to chromium ion was 15 or less, chromium-polyacrylamide gels were stable to alkaline-surfactant-polymer solutions with pH values up to 12.9. Chromium-xanthan gum gels were stable to alkaline-surfactant-polymer solutions with pH values of 12.9 at the polymer to chromium ion ratios tested. Silicate-polyacrylamide, resorcinol-formaldehyde, and sulfomethylated resorcinol-formaldehyde gels were also stable to alkaline-surfactant-polymer solutions with pH values ranging from 9.2 to 12.9. Iron-polyacrylamide gels were immediately destroyed when contacted with any of the alkaline-surfactant-polymer solutions with pH values ranging from 9.2 to 12.9. Gel solutions under dynamic conditions of linear corefloods showed similar stability to alkaline-surfactant-polymer solutions as in
Experimental condition in the preparation of catalysts for Hydro treatment
Gomez P, Alvaro
In this work, by means of an exhaustive bibliographical revision and in a methodical way, they seek to settle down, the characteristics of the catalysts for Hydro treatment (HDT) on those that it is necessary to act with the purpose of obtaining more active, selective and resistant catalysts to the deactivation
Effects Of Desensitization Treatment On Core-Condition Training
Fry, P. S.
Pre- and posttest ratings on measures of helping skills such as empathy, respect, concreteness, and genuineness were obtained in the preliminary and advanced training. A significant training effect was obtained for both groups. Desensitization treatment was a significant source of variance for the experimental subjects in training. (Author/LA)
The effect of surface pre-conditioning treatments on the local composition of Zr-based conversion coatings formed on aluminium alloys
Cerezo, J.; Vandendael, I.; Posner, R.; de Wit, J. H. W.; Mol, J. M. C.; Terryn, H.
This study investigates the effect of different alkaline, acidic and thermal pre-conditioning treatments applied to different Al alloy surfaces. The obtained results are compared to the characteristics of Zr-based conversion coatings that were subsequently generated on top of these substrates. Focus is laid on typical elemental distributions on the sample surfaces, in particular on the amount of precipitated functional additives such as Cu species that are present in the substrate matrix as well as in the conversion bath solutions. To this aim, Field Emission Auger Electron spectra, depth profiles and surface maps with superior local resolution were acquired and compared to scanning electron microscopy images of the sample. The results show how de-alloying processes, which occur at and around intermetallic particles in the Al matrix during typical industrial alkaline or acidic cleaning procedures, provide a significant source of crystallization cores for any following coating processes. This is in particular due for Cu-species, as the resulting local Cu structures on the surface strongly affect the film formation and compositions of state-of-the-art Zr-based films. The findings are highly relevant for industrial treatments of aluminium surfaces, especially for those that undergo corrosion protection and painting process steps prior to usage.
Tanezumab in the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal conditions.
Jayabalan, Prakash; Schnitzer, Thomas J
The management of pain associated with chronic musculoskeletal conditions represents a significant challenge for the clinician. There remains a need for novel medications that have a significant analgesic benefit and are also safe and well tolerated. Both pre-clinical and clinical data have provided evidence of the role of nerve growth factor (NGF) in a multitude of pain eliciting conditions. Therefore, the development of monoclonal antibodies to NGF for chronic painful musculoskeletal conditions has generated interest. Areas covered: This manuscript is a review that examines both the pharmacological properties and clinical studies of tanezumab, the most widely studied antibody to NGF, for management of osteoarthritis (OA) and low back pain. In addition, the safety and tolerability profile and development history of tanezumab are also discussed. Expert opinion: Most studies provide strong support for the ability of tanezumab to provide clinically meaningful pain relief in individuals with these conditions, with longer-term studies suggesting durability of effect. The adverse event profile appears favorable, assuming the risk mitigation strategies are effective at reducing the incidence of joint-related side effects. Further data are being collected to define the optimal dose and dosing strategy in both OA and chronic low back pain.
Systematic Review of Nondrug, Nonsurgical Treatment of Shoulder Conditions.
Hawk, Cheryl; Minkalis, Amy L; Khorsan, Raheleh; Daniels, Clinton J; Homack, Dennis; Gliedt, Jordan A; Hartman, Julie A; Bhalerao, Shireesh
The purpose of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of conservative nondrug, nonsurgical interventions, either alone or in combination, for conditions of the shoulder. The review was conducted from March 2016 to November 2016 in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), and was registered with PROSPERO. Eligibility criteria included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, or meta-analyses studying adult patients with a shoulder diagnosis. Interventions qualified if they did not involve prescription medication or surgical procedures, although these could be used in the comparison group or groups. At least 2 independent reviewers assessed the quality of each study using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network checklists. Shoulder conditions addressed were shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS), rotator cuff-associated disorders (RCs), adhesive capsulitis (AC), and nonspecific shoulder pain. Twenty-five systematic reviews and 44 RCTs met inclusion criteria. Low- to moderate-quality evidence supported the use of manual therapies for all 4 shoulder conditions. Exercise, particularly combined with physical therapy protocols, was beneficial for SIS and AC. For SIS, moderate evidence supported several passive modalities. For RC, physical therapy protocols were found beneficial but not superior to surgery in the long term. Moderate evidence supported extracorporeal shockwave therapy for calcific tendinitis RC. Low-level laser was the only modality for which there was moderate evidence supporting its use for all 4 conditions. The findings of this literature review may help inform practitioners who use conservative methods (eg, doctors of chiropractic, physical therapists, and other manual therapists) regarding the levels of evidence for modalities used for common shoulder conditions. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Treatment conditions for the removal of contaminants from road runoff
Hallberg, Magnus
The pollutant load in road runoff is related to traffic densities and road maintenance activities. Inurbanised areas treatment of road runoff is common and often considered necessary. The pollutantsare partitioned between the particulate and dissolved matter. However, the contaminantstend to have an affinity to the particulate material. Sedimentation, the predominant treatmentmethod for road runoff uses various types of ponds. Design tools used for stormwater treatmentsystems are based on ext...
The treatment and conditioning of solid radioactive waste (1962)
Cerre, P.; Mestre, E.
Previous studies, the results of which have been confirmed by experiments, have led us to build a semi-industrial plant for the treatment and coating of solid radioactive waste. This report details the means at our disposal in a pilot plant which, apart from being used for tests, was also routine-operated. It is thus possible to give also an appreciation of its operation in this report. (authors) [fr
Recent studies have demonstrated that growth hormone (GH)-deficient adults have a markedly decreased bone mineral content compared to healthy adults. However, there are conflicting results regarding the effects of GH treatment on bone mineral content in GH-deficient adults. Therefore, we evaluated...... the effect of GH treatment on a marker of bone formation (bone alkaline phosphatase), hepatic excretory function and distal forearm bone mineral content in GH-deficient adults. Growth hormone was administered subcutaneously in 21 adults (13 males and 8 females) with GH deficiency of childhood onset for 4...... months in a double-blind, placebo-controlled GH trial, while 13 of the patients then received further GH for an additional 14 months. Serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) increased significantly from 100 to 279 micrograms/l and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) from 1930 to 3355 micrograms/l after 4...
Evaluation of carbon diffusion in heat treatment of H13 tool steel under different atmospheric conditions
Ramezani, Maziar; Pasang, Timotius; Chen, Zhan; Neitzert, Thomas; Au, Dominique
Although the cost of the heat treatment process is only a minor portion of the total production cost, it is arguably the most important and crucial stage on the determination of material quality. In the study of the carbon diffusion in H13 steel during austenitization, a series of heat treatment experiments had been conducted under different atmospheric conditions and length of treatment. Four austenitization atmospheric conditions were studied, i.e., heat treatment without atmospheric contro...
Alkaline azide mutagenicity in cowpea
Mahna, S K; Bhargava, Anubha; Mohan, Lalit [Cytogenetics and Mycology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Government College, Ajmer (India)
Sodium azide is known as a potent mutagen in cereals and legumes. It is very effective in acidic medium in barley. Here an attempt is made to measure the effectiveness of sodium azide in alkaline medium (pH 7.4) on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., variety FS-68). Seeds pre-soaked in distilled water for 5 hours were treated with different concentrations (10{sup -6}, 10{sup -5}, 10{sup -4} and 10{sup -3}M) of sodium azide (NaN{sub 3}) for 4 hours at 28{+-} 2 deg. C. Bottles were intermittently shaken, then the seeds were thoroughly washed in running tap water and subsequently planted in pots. The treatment caused significant biological damage such as reduction in seed germination, length of root and shoot, number of nodules and pods per plant and morphological leaf variations. Morphological, as well as chlorophyll mutants, were detected in M{sub 2}.
Mahna, S.K.; Bhargava, Anubha; Mohan, Lalit
Sodium azide is known as a potent mutagen in cereals and legumes. It is very effective in acidic medium in barley. Here an attempt is made to measure the effectiveness of sodium azide in alkaline medium (pH 7.4) on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., variety FS-68). Seeds pre-soaked in distilled water for 5 hours were treated with different concentrations (10 -6 , 10 -5 , 10 -4 and 10 -3 M) of sodium azide (NaN 3 ) for 4 hours at 28± 2 deg. C. Bottles were intermittently shaken, then the seeds were thoroughly washed in running tap water and subsequently planted in pots. The treatment caused significant biological damage such as reduction in seed germination, length of root and shoot, number of nodules and pods per plant and morphological leaf variations. Morphological, as well as chlorophyll mutants, were detected in M 2
Assessing ocean alkalinity for carbon sequestration
Renforth, Phil; Henderson, Gideon
Over the coming century humanity may need to find reservoirs to store several trillions of tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from fossil fuel combustion, which would otherwise cause dangerous climate change if it were left in the atmosphere. Carbon storage in the ocean as bicarbonate ions (by increasing ocean alkalinity) has received very little attention. Yet recent work suggests sufficient capacity to sequester copious quantities of CO2. It may be possible to sequester hundreds of billions to trillions of tons of C without surpassing postindustrial average carbonate saturation states in the surface ocean. When globally distributed, the impact of elevated alkalinity is potentially small and may help ameliorate the effects of ocean acidification. However, the local impact around addition sites may be more acute but is specific to the mineral and technology. The alkalinity of the ocean increases naturally because of rock weathering in which >1.5 mol of carbon are removed from the atmosphere for every mole of magnesium or calcium dissolved from silicate minerals (e.g., wollastonite, olivine, and anorthite) and 0.5 mol for carbonate minerals (e.g., calcite and dolomite). These processes are responsible for naturally sequestering 0.5 billion tons of CO2 per year. Alkalinity is reduced in the ocean through carbonate mineral precipitation, which is almost exclusively formed from biological activity. Most of the previous work on the biological response to changes in carbonate chemistry have focused on acidifying conditions. More research is required to understand carbonate precipitation at elevated alkalinity to constrain the longevity of carbon storage. A range of technologies have been proposed to increase ocean alkalinity (accelerated weathering of limestone, enhanced weathering, electrochemical promoted weathering, and ocean liming), the cost of which may be comparable to alternative carbon sequestration proposals (e.g., $20-100 tCO2-1). There are still many
Alkalinity of the Mediterranean Sea
Schneider, Anke; Wallace, Douglas W.R.; Körtzinger, Arne
Total alkalinity (AT) was measured during the Meteor 51/2 cruise, crossing the Mediterranean Sea from west to east. AT concentrations were high (∼2600 μmol kg−1) and alkalinity-salinity-correlations had negative intercepts. These results are explained by evaporation coupled with high freshwater AT inputs into coastal areas. Salinity adjustment of AT revealed excess alkalinity throughout the water column compared to mid-basin surface waters. Since Mediterranean waters are supersaturated with r...
Treatment of waste salt from the advanced spent fuel conditioning process (II) : optimum immobilization condition
Kim, Jeong Guk; Lee, Jae Hee; Yoo, Jae Hyung; Kim, Joon Hyung
Since zeolite is known to be stable at a high temperature, it has been reported as a promising immobilization matrix for waste salt. The crystal structure of dehydrated zeolite A breaks down above 1060 K, resulting in the formation of an amorphous solid and re-crystallization to beta-Cristobalite. This structural degradation depends on the existence of chlorides. When contacted to HCl, zeolite 4A is not stable even at 473 K. The optimum consolidation condition for LiCl salt waste from the oxide fuel reduction process based on the electrochemical method (Advanced spent fuel Conditioning Process; ACP) has been studied using zeolite A since 2001. Actually the constituents of waste salt are water-soluble. And, alkali halides are known to be readily radiolyzed to yield interstitial halogens and metal colloids. For disposal in a geological repository, the waste salt must meet the acceptance criteria. For a waste form containing chloride salt, two of the more important criteria are leach resistance and waste form durability. In this work, we prepared some samples with different mixing ratios of LiCl salt to zeolite A, and then compared some characteristics such as thermal stability, salt occlusion, free chloride content, leach resistance, mixing effect, etc
Alkaline fuel cells applications
Kordesch, Karl; Hacker, Viktor; Gsellmann, Josef; Cifrain, Martin; Faleschini, Gottfried; Enzinger, Peter; Fankhauser, Robert; Ortner, Markus; Muhr, Michael; Aronson, Robert R.
On the world-wide automobile market technical developments are increasingly determined by the dramatic restriction on emissions as well as the regimentation of fuel consumption by legislation. Therefore there is an increasing chance of a completely new technology breakthrough if it offers new opportunities, meeting the requirements of resource preservation and emission restrictions. Fuel cell technology offers the possibility to excel in today's motive power techniques in terms of environmental compatibility, consumer's profit, costs of maintenance and efficiency. The key question is economy. This will be decided by the costs of fuel cell systems if they are to be used as power generators for future electric vehicles. The alkaline hydrogen-air fuel cell system with circulating KOH electrolyte and low-cost catalysed carbon electrodes could be a promising alternative. Based on the experiences of Kordesch [K. Kordesch, Brennstoffbatterien, Springer, Wien, 1984, ISBN 3-387-81819-7; K. Kordesch, City car with H 2-air fuel cell and lead-battery, SAE Paper No. 719015, 6th IECEC, 1971], who operated a city car hybrid vehicle on public roads for 3 years in the early 1970s, improved air electrodes plus new variations of the bipolar stack assembly developed in Graz are investigated. Primary fuel choice will be a major issue until such time as cost-effective, on-board hydrogen storage is developed. Ammonia is an interesting option. The whole system, ammonia dissociator plus alkaline fuel cell (AFC), is characterised by a simple design and high efficiency.
Formation of ternary CaUO2(CO3)3(2-) and Ca2UO2(CO3)3(aq) complexes under neutral to weakly alkaline conditions.
Lee, Jun-Yeop; Yun, Jong-Il
The chemical behavior of ternary Ca-UO2-CO3 complexes was investigated by using time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) in combination with EDTA complexation at pH 7-9. A novel TRLFS revealed two distinct fluorescence lifetimes of 12.7 ± 0.2 ns and 29.2 ± 0.4 ns for uranyl complexes which were formed increasingly dependent upon the calcium ion concentration, even though nearly indistinguishable fluorescence peak shapes and positions were measured for both Ca-UO2-CO3 complexes. For identifying the stoichiometric number of complexed calcium ions, slope analysis in terms of relative fluorescence intensity versus calcium concentration was employed in a combination with the complexation reaction of CaEDTA(2-) by adding EDTA. The formation of CaUO2(CO3)3(2-) and Ca2UO2(CO3)3(aq) was identified under given conditions and their formation constants were determined at I = 0.1 M Na/HClO4 medium, and extrapolated to infinitely dilute solution using specific ion interaction theory (SIT). As a result, the formation constants for CaUO2(CO3)3(2-) and Ca2UO2(CO3)3(aq) were found to be log β113(0) = 27.27 ± 0.14 and log β213(0) = 29.81 ± 0.19, respectively, providing that the ternary Ca-UO2-CO3 complexes were predominant uranium(vi) species at neutral to weakly alkaline pH in the presence of Ca(2+) and CO3(2-) ions.
Defluoridation of drinking water by combined electrocoagulation: effects of the molar ratio of alkalinity and fluoride to Al(III).
Zhao, Hua-Zhang; Yang, Wei; Zhu, Jun; Ni, Jin-Ren
The defluoridation efficiency (epsilon(F)) of electrocoagulation (EC) is closely related to the pH level of the F(-)-containing solution. The pH level usually needs to be adjusted by adding acid in order to obtain the highest epsilon(F) for the F(-)-containing groundwater. The use of combined EC (CEC), which is the combination of chemical coagulation with EC, was proposed to remove fluoride from drinking water for the first time in this study. The optimal scheme for the design and operation of CEC were obtained through experiments on the treatment of F(-)-containing groundwater. It was found, with OH(-) being the only alkalinity of the raw water, that the highest efficiency would be obtained when the molar ratio of alkalinity and fluoride to Al(III) (gamma(Alkalinity+F)) was controlled at 3.0. However, when the raw water contained HCO(3)(-) alkalinity, a correction coefficient was needed to correct the concentration of HCO(3)(-) to obtain the optimal defluoridation condition of gamma(Alkalinity+F)=3.0 for CEC. The correction coefficient of HCO(3)(-) concentration was concluded as 0.60 from the experiment. For the practical F(-)-containing groundwater treatment, CEC can achieve similar epsilon(F) as an acid-adding EC process. The consumption of aluminum electrode was decreased in CEC. The energy consumption also declined greatly in CEC, which is less than one third of that in the acid-adding EC process.
Rapid changes in water hardness and alkalinity: Calcite formation is lethal to Daphnia magna.
Bogart, Sarah J; Woodman, Samuel; Steinkey, Dylan; Meays, Cindy; Pyle, Greg G
There is growing concern that freshwater ecosystems may be negatively affected by ever-increasing anthropogenic inputs of extremely hard, highly alkaline effluent containing large quantities of Ca(2+), Mg(2+), CO3(2-), and HCO3(-) ions. In this study, the toxicity of rapid and extreme shifts in water hardness (38-600mg/L as CaCO3) and alkalinity (30-420mg/L as CaCO3) to Daphnia magna was tested, both independently and in combination. Within these ranges, where no precipitation event occurred, shifts in water hardness and/or alkalinity were not toxic to D. magna. In contrast, 98-100% of D. magna died within 96h after exposure to 600mg/L as CaCO3 water hardness and 420mg/L as CaCO3 alkalinity (LT50 of 60h with a 95% CI of 54.2-66.0h). In this treatment, a CaCO3 (calcite) precipitate formed in the water column which was ingested by and thoroughly coated the D. magna. Calcite collected from a mining impacted stream contained embedded organisms, suggesting field streams may also experience similar conditions and possibly increased mortality as observed in the lab tests. Although further investigation is required to determine the exact fate of aquatic organisms exposed to rapid calcite precipitation in the field, we caution that negative effects may occur more quickly or at lower concentrations of water hardness and alkalinity in which we observed effects in D. magna, because some species, such as aquatic insects, are more sensitive than cladocerans to changes in ionic strength. Our results provide evidence that both calcite precipitation and the major ion balance of waters should be managed in industrially affected ecosystems and we support the development of a hardness+alkalinity guideline for the protection of aquatic life. Crown Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Application of alkaline waterflooding to a high acidity crude oil
Sayyouh, M.H. (King Sand Univ., Riyadh (SA). Petroleum Engineering Dept.); Abdel-Waly, A.; Osman, A. (Cairo Univ. (EG). Petroleum Engineering Dept.); Awara, A.Z. (Geisum Oil Company, Cairo (EG))
The enhanced recovery of a high acidity crude oil (South Geisum crude) by alkaline solutions is studied. Acidity, interfacial tension, and contact angle, were investigated. Displacement tests were carried out to study the effect of alkaline slug concentration, slug size, oil alkali type, temperature and viscosity on recovery. The interfacial tension between crude oil and formation water decreases with increasing alkaline concentration until a minimum, after which it increases again. Contact angle measurements indicated oil-wetting conditions that increase by the addition of alkaline solutions. At the early stages of displacement, oil recovery increases with increasing alkaline concentration until a maximum at 4% by weight NaOH concentration. Also, at such early stages, an excessive increase in alkaline concentration results in lower oil recovery. On the other hand, after the injection of many pore volumes of water, oil recovery is almost the same regardless of the alkaline concentration. Oil recovery increases with increasing alkaline slug size until a maximum at 15% PV. Sodium hydroxide slugs produce more oil recovery than sodium carbonate slugs. Oil recovery increases with increasing temperature (from 25 to 55{sup 0}C) and decreasing oil viscosity.
Comparative Detection of Alkaline Protease Production in Exiguobacterium acetylicum
Gomaa, O.M.; EI Shafey, H.M.
Alkaline protease is one of the most important enzymes in industry, medicine, and research. In the present work, a comparative detection for alkaline protease activity was established for instant detection of enzyme activity. Eight different alkalophilic bacterial isolates were compared based on the clear zone they produced on skim milk agar. One strain gave an absolute clear zone in 16 hours and was used for alkaline protease detection. The result of Phenotypic identification using Biology Microlog 3 identified the isolate as Exiguobacterium acetylicum. The isolate under study showed slightly different characteristics from a known Exiguobacterium acetylicum strain. The isolate tolerated alkaline conditions up to ph 11, while good growth was evident at ph 7, the maximum alkaline protease activity was observed at ph 9 which reached up to 109.01 U/ml. The alkaline activity assay using alkaline protease enzyme assay were coordinating with those obtained by conductivity; there was a relevant decrease in conductivity at the maximum increase in enzyme activity, which proved the cell membrane conductivity has a close relation to alkaline protease production. This isolate has tolerated gamma radiation, the increase in dose (up to 4 Gy) gave wider clear zones in terms of diameter and this was relevant to the conductivity measurements
Maziar Ramezani
Full Text Available Although the cost of the heat treatment process is only a minor portion of the total production cost, it is arguably the most important and crucial stage on the determination of material quality. In the study of the carbon diffusion in H13 steel during austenitization, a series of heat treatment experiments had been conducted under different atmospheric conditions and length of treatment. Four austenitization atmospheric conditions were studied, i.e., heat treatment without atmospheric control, heat treatment with stainless steel foil wrapping, pack carburization heat treatment and vacuum heat treatment. The results showed that stainless steel foil wrapping could restrict decarburization process, resulting in a constant hardness profile as vacuum heat treatment does. However, the tempering characteristic between these two heat treatment methods is different. Results from the gas nitrided samples showed that the thickness and the hardness of the nitrided layer is independent of the carbon content in H13 steel.
Hydrolysis of alkaline pretreated banana peel
Fatmawati, A.; Gunawan, K. Y.; Hadiwijaya, F. A.
Banana peel is one of food wastes that are rich in carbohydrate. This shows its potential as fermentation substrate including bio-ethanol. This paper presented banana peel alkaline pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. The pretreatment was intended to prepare banana peel in order to increase hydrolysis performance. The alkaline pretreatment used 10, 20, and 30% w/v NaOH solution and was done at 60, 70 and 80°C for 1 hour. The hydrolysis reaction was conducted using two commercial cellulose enzymes. The reaction time was varied for 3, 5, and 7 days. The best condition for pretreatment process was one conducted using 30% NaOH solution and at 80°C. This condition resulted in cellulose content of 90.27% and acid insoluble lignin content of 2.88%. Seven-day hydrolysis time had exhibited the highest reducing sugar concentration, which was7.2869 g/L.
Role of Sleep Deprivation in Fear Conditioning and Extinction: Implications for Treatment of PTSD
mechanism underlying the most successful treatment for PTSD, Prolonged Exposure. In animal models, sleep deprivation has been shown to impair extinction ...2. 3. 9 +Sleep and Extinction Learning � Animal models show fear conditioning: � Disrupts sleep � Disrupted sleep, in turn � Impairs extinction ...Award Number: W81XWH-11-2-0001 TITLE: “Role of Sleep Deprivation in Fear Conditioning and Extinction : Implications for Treatment of PTSD
1 Award Number: W81XWH-11-2-0001 TITLE: Role of Sleep Deprivation in Fear Conditioning and Extinction: Implications for Treatment of PTSD...REPORT TYPE Final 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) 1 Oct 2010 – 30 Sep 2015 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Role of Sleep Deprivation in Fear Conditioning and...especially adequate REM during exposure therapy may enhance efficacy and reduce remission after treatment. 15. SUBJECT TERMS PTSD, sleep deprivation , fear
Changes in contaminant composition at landfill sites. (9). ; Application of soil covering to treatment of alkaline seepage water. Umetate ni okeru odaku seibun no doko. (9). ; Alkali sei shinsutsueki no gaido shori
Ono, Y; Sugai, T; Masuda, T; Watanabe, Y; Kobayashi, S [Saitama Institute of Environmental Pollution, Saitama (Japan)
Recently, alkaline seepage water has been found in many landfill sites. Strong alkaline seepage water results from the use of alkaline agents, such as quicklime and slaked lime, for water removal from waste. In the present report, the neutralizing ability of different types of soil is studied to provide a method to neutralize seepage water by using soil covering at landfill sites. Results show that clay contained in soil is playing a major role in neutralizing alkaline seepage penetrating the soil. Clay generally has negative electric charges, suggesting that positive ions in alkaline water is neutralized after being replaced by hydrogen ions. Another major factor is the carbonate ion and carbon dioxide existing in soil, which precipitate and solidify calcium hydroxide as calcium carbonate to achieve neutralization. Investigations indicate that top soil comprising volcanic ash is useful as material for soil covering. 2 figs., 5 tabs.
Oral Health Condition and Treatment Needs of a Group of Nigerian Individuals with Down Syndrome
Oredugba, Folakemi A.
Objective: This study was carried out to determine the oral health condition and treatment needs of a group of individuals with Down syndrome in Nigeria. Method: Participants were examined for oral hygiene status, dental caries, malocclusion, hypoplasia, missing teeth, crowding and treatment needs. Findings were compared with controls across age…
Evaluation of treatment effects in obese children with co-morbid medical or psychiatric conditions
The need for effective treatments for pediatric overweight is well known. We evaluated the applicability of an evidence-based treatment in an applied clinic setting that includes children with severe obesity and comorbid medical or psychiatric conditions. Forty-eight overweight children and their fa...
Metallurgical treatment of Waelz oxides by alkaline leaching using ammonium carbonate; Tratamiento metalurgico de los oxidos Waelz mediante lixiviacion alcalina utilizando carbonato amonico
Meseguer, V.; Lozano, L.J.; Juan, D. de [Dpto. Ingenieria Quimica Cartagena. Universidad de Murcia, Murcia (Spain)
A method to carry out the treatment of the Waelz oxides is proposed, and the principal stages implicated are studied laboratory-scale. The process consists of the oxides leaching with an ammonium carbonate/ammonia solution, followed the recovery of the zinc leached by means of its precipitation as zinc basic carbonate. The process stages that have been studied are: Waelz oxides leaching, loaded leach purification, zinc precipitation, zinc basic carbonate washing and zinc basic carbonate transformation. The designed treatment presents a null environmental impact, and more than 90% of the zinc contained in the Waelz oxides, as well as 80% of the copper and cadmium contents could be recovered. Also, the process presents great flexibility as soon as zinc could be recovered in the most convenient form (zinc metal, oxide or salt). (Author) 14 refs.
Valorization of lignin and cellulose in acid-steam-exploded corn stover by a moderate alkaline ethanol post-treatment based on an integrated biorefinery concept
Background Due to the unsustainable consumption of fossil resources, great efforts have been made to convert lignocellulose into bioethanol and commodity organic compounds through biological methods. The conversion of cellulose is impeded by the compactness of plant cell wall matrix and crystalline structure of the native cellulose. Therefore, appropriate pretreatment and even post-treatment are indispensable to overcome this problem. Additionally, an adequate utilization of coproduct lignin ...
Characterization of Alkaline Treatment and Fiber Content on the Physical, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Ground Coffee Waste/Oxobiodegradable HDPE Biocomposites
Ming Yee Tan
Full Text Available Effect of alkali treatment on ground coffee waste/oxobiodegradable HDPE (GCW/oxo-HDPE composites was evaluated using 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% volume fraction of GCW. The composites were characterized using structural (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM, thermal (thermogravimetric analysis (TGA and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC, mechanical (tensile and impact test properties, and water absorption. FTIR spectrum indicated the eradication of lipids, hemicellulose, lignin, and impurities after the treatments lead to an improvement of the filler/matrix interface adhesion. This is confirmed by SEM results. Degree of crystallinity index was increased by 5% after the treatment. Thermal stability for both untreated and treated GCW composites was alike. Optimum tensile result was achieved when using 10% volume fraction with enhancement of 25% for tensile strength and 24% for tensile modulus compared to untreated composite. Specific tensile strength and modulus had improved as the composite has lower density. The highest impact properties were achieved when using 15% volume fraction that lead to an improvement of 6%. Treated GCW composites show better water resistance with 57% improvement compared to the untreated ones. This lightweight and ecofriendly biocomposite has the potential in packaging, internal automotive parts, lightweight furniture, and other composite engineering applications.
Estimating the average treatment effect on survival based on observational data and using partly conditional modeling.
Gong, Qi; Schaubel, Douglas E
Treatments are frequently evaluated in terms of their effect on patient survival. In settings where randomization of treatment is not feasible, observational data are employed, necessitating correction for covariate imbalances. Treatments are usually compared using a hazard ratio. Most existing methods which quantify the treatment effect through the survival function are applicable to treatments assigned at time 0. In the data structure of our interest, subjects typically begin follow-up untreated; time-until-treatment, and the pretreatment death hazard are both heavily influenced by longitudinal covariates; and subjects may experience periods of treatment ineligibility. We propose semiparametric methods for estimating the average difference in restricted mean survival time attributable to a time-dependent treatment, the average effect of treatment among the treated, under current treatment assignment patterns. The pre- and posttreatment models are partly conditional, in that they use the covariate history up to the time of treatment. The pre-treatment model is estimated through recently developed landmark analysis methods. For each treated patient, fitted pre- and posttreatment survival curves are projected out, then averaged in a manner which accounts for the censoring of treatment times. Asymptotic properties are derived and evaluated through simulation. The proposed methods are applied to liver transplant data in order to estimate the effect of liver transplantation on survival among transplant recipients under current practice patterns. © 2016, The International Biometric Society.
Alkaline corrosion properties of laser-clad aluminum/titanium coatings
Aggerbeck, Martin; Herbreteau, Alexis; Rombouts, Marleen
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to study the use of titanium as a protecting element for aluminum in alkaline conditions. Design/methodology/approach - Aluminum coatings containing up to 20 weight per cent Ti6Al4V were produced using laser cladding and were investigated using light optical...... microscope, scanning electron microscope - energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction, together with alkaline exposure tests and potentiodynamic measurements at pH 13.5. Findings - Cladding resulted in a heterogeneous solidification microstructure containing an aluminum matrix...... with supersaturated titanium ( (1 weight per cent), Al3Ti intermetallics and large partially undissolved Ti6Al4V particles. Heat treatment lowered the titanium concentration in the aluminum matrix, changed the shape of the Al3Ti precipitates and increased the degree of dissolution of the Ti6Al4V particles. Corrosion...
Acid transformation of bauxite residue: Conversion of its alkaline characteristics.
Kong, Xiangfeng; Li, Meng; Xue, Shengguo; Hartley, William; Chen, Chengrong; Wu, Chuan; Li, Xiaofei; Li, Yiwei
Bauxite residue (BR) is a highly alkaline solid hazardous waste produced from bauxite processing for alumina production. Alkaline transformation appears to reduce the environmental risk of bauxite residue disposal areas (BRDAs) whilst potentially providing opportunities for the sustainable reuse and on-going management of BR. Mineral acids, a novel citric acid and a hybrid combination of acid-gypsum treatments were investigated for their potential to reduce residue pH and total alkalinity and transform the alkaline mineral phase. XRD results revealed that with the exception of andradite, the primary alkaline solid phases of cancrinite, grossular and calcite were transformed into discriminative products based on the transformation used. Supernatants separated from BR and transformed bauxite residue (TBR) displayed distinct changes in soluble Na, Ca and Al, and a reduction in pH and total alkalinity. SEM images suggest that mineral acid transformations promote macro-aggregate formation, and the positive promotion of citric acid, confirming the removal or reduction in soluble and exchangeable Na. NEXAFS analysis of Na K-edge revealed that the chemical speciation of Na in TBRs was consistent with BR. Three acid treatments and gypsum combination had no effect on Na speciation, which affects the distribution of Na revealed by sodium STXM imaging. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Intensive Sleep Retraining (ISR): A Brief Conditioning Treatment for Chronic Insomnia
Harris, Jodie; Lack, Leon; Kemp, Kristyn; Wright, Helen; Bootzin, Richard
Study Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of intensive sleep retraining in comparison and combination with traditional behavioral intervention for chronic primary insomnia. Participants: Seventy-nine volunteers with chronic sleep-onset insomnia (with or without sleep maintenance difficulties) were randomly assigned either to intensive sleep retraining (ISR), stimulus control therapy (SCT), ISR plus SCT, or the control (sleep hygiene) treatment condition. Intervention: ISR treatment consisted of 50 sleep onset trials over a 25-h sleep deprivation period. Measurements and Results: Treatment response was assessed with sleep diary, activity monitoring, and questionnaire measures. The active treatment groups (ISR, SCT, ISR+SCT) all resulted in significant improvements in sleep onset latency and sleep efficiency, with moderate to large effect sizes from pre- to post-treatment. Wake time after sleep onset decreased significantly in the SCT and ISR+SCT groups. Total sleep time increased significantly in the ISR and ISR+SCT treatment groups. Participants receiving ISR (ISR, ISR+SCT) experienced rapidly improved SOL and TST during treatment, suggesting an advantage of rapid improvements in sleep in response to ISR. Although there were few statistically significant differences between groups on individual variables, ISR+SCT resulted in consistently larger effect sizes of change than other treatments, including questionnaire measures of sleep quality, sleep self-efficacy, and daytime functioning. The combination treatment group (ISR+SCT) showed trends to outperform other active treatment groups with fewer treatment dropouts, and a greater proportion of treatment responders with 61% reaching “good sleeper� status. Treatment gains achieved at post-treatment in the active treatment groups were largely maintained throughout follow-up periods to 6 months. Conclusion: This 25-hour intensive conditioning treatment for chronic insomnia can produce rapid improvements in
Natural light-micro aerobic condition for PSB wastewater treatment: a flexible, simple, and effective resource recovery wastewater treatment process.
Lu, Haifeng; Han, Ting; Zhang, Guangming; Ma, Shanshan; Zhang, Yuanhui; Li, Baoming; Cao, Wei
Photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) have two sets of metabolic pathways. They can degrade pollutants through light metabolic under light-anaerobic or oxygen metabolic pathways under dark-aerobic conditions. Both metabolisms function under natural light-microaerobic condition, which demands less energy input. This work investigated the characteristics of PSB wastewater treatment process under that condition. Results showed that PSB had very strong adaptability to chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration; with F/M of 5.2-248.5 mg-COD/mg-biomass, the biomass increased three times and COD removal reached above 91.5%. PSB had both advantages of oxygen metabolism in COD removal and light metabolism in resource recovery under natural light-microaerobic condition. For pollutants' degradation, COD, total organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus removal reached 96.2%, 91.0%, 70.5%, and 92.7%, respectively. For resource recovery, 74.2% of C in wastewater was transformed into biomass. Especially, coexistence of light and oxygen promote N recovery ratio to 70.9%, higher than with the other two conditions. Further, 93.7% of N-removed was synthesized into biomass. Finally, CO 2 emission reduced by 62.6% compared with the traditional process. PSB wastewater treatment under this condition is energy-saving, highly effective, and environment friendly, and can achieve pollution control and resource recovery.
A Transdiagnostic Minority Stress Treatment Approach for Gay and Bisexual Men’s Syndemic Health Conditions
Pachankis, John E.
Developing and deploying separate treatments for separate conditions seems ill-suited to intervening upon the co-occurring, and possibly functionally similar, psychosocial conditions facing gay and bisexual men. This article argues for the need to create transdiagnostic interventions that reduce multiple syndemic conditions facing gay and bisexual men at the level of their shared source in minority stress pathways. This article first reviews psychosocial syndemic conditions affecting gay and bisexual men, then suggests pathways that might link minority stress to psychosocial syndemics based on recent advancements in emotion science, psychiatric nosology, and cognitive-affective neuroscience, and finally suggests cross-cutting psychosocial treatment principles to reduce minority stress–syndemic pathways among gay and bisexual men. Because minority stress serves as a common basis of all psychosocial syndemic conditions reviewed here, locating the pathways through which minority stress generates psychosocial syndemics and employing overarching treatment principles capable of simultaneously alleviating these pathways will ultimately create a transdiagnostic approach to improving gay and bisexual men’s health. Clinical research and training approaches are suggested to further validate the pathways suggested here, establish the efficacy of treatment approaches tied to those pathways, and generate effective methods for disseminating a transdiagnostic minority stress treatment approach for gay and bisexual men’s psychosocial syndemic health. PMID:26123065
Job Burnout, Work Engagement and Self-reported Treatment for Health Conditions in South Africa.
de Beer, Leon T; Pienaar, Jaco; Rothmann, Sebastiaan
The purpose of the study being reported here was to investigate the relationship of job burnout and work engagement with self-reported received treatment for health conditions (cardiovascular condition, high cholesterol, depression, diabetes, hypertension and irritable bowel syndrome), while controlling for age, gender, smoking and alcohol use. The sample comprised 7895 employees from a broad range of economic sectors in the South African working population. A cross-sectional survey design was used for the study. Structural equation modelling methods were implemented with a weighted least squares approach. The results showed that job burnout had a positive relationship with self-reported received treatment for depression, diabetes, hypertension and irritable bowel syndrome. Work engagement did not have any significant negative or positive relationships with the treatment for these health conditions. The results of this study make stakeholders aware of the relationship between job burnout, work engagement and self-reported treatment for health conditions. Evidence for increased reporting of treatment for ill-health conditions due to burnout was found. Therefore, attempts should be made to manage job burnout to prevent ill-health outcomes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of redox conditions on pharmaceutical loss during biological wastewater treatment using sequencing batch reactors
Stadler, Lauren B., E-mail: lstadler@umich.edu [Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 1351 Beal Avenue, EWRE, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (United States); Su, Lijuan, E-mail: lijuansu@buffalo.edu [Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 (United States); Moline, Christopher J., E-mail: christopher.moline@hdrinc.com [Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 1351 Beal Avenue, EWRE, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (United States); Ernstoff, Alexi S., E-mail: alexer@dtu.dk [Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 1351 Beal Avenue, EWRE, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (United States); Aga, Diana S., E-mail: dianaaga@buffalo.edu [Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 (United States); Love, Nancy G., E-mail: nglove@umich.edu [Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 1351 Beal Avenue, EWRE, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (United States)
Highlights: • Pharmaceutical fate was studied in SBRs operated at different redox conditions. • Stable carbon oxidation and nitrification occurred under microaerobic conditions. • Losses of atenolol and trimethoprim were highest under fully aerobic conditions. • Loss of sulfamethoxazole was highest under microaerobic conditions. • Deconjugation occurred during treatment to form sulfamethoxazole and desvenlafaxine. - Abstract: We lack a clear understanding of how wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) process parameters, such as redox environment, impact pharmaceutical fate. WWTPs increasingly install more advanced aeration control systems to save energy and achieve better nutrient removal performance. The impact of redox condition, and specifically the use of microaerobic (low dissolved oxygen) treatment, is poorly understood. In this study, the fate of a mixture of pharmaceuticals and several of their transformation products present in the primary effluent of a local WWTP was assessed in sequencing batch reactors operated under different redox conditions: fully aerobic, anoxic/aerobic, and microaerobic (DO concentration ≈0.3 mg/L). Among the pharmaceuticals that were tracked during this study (atenolol, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, desvenlafaxine, venlafaxine, and phenytoin), overall loss varied between them and between redox environments. Losses of atenolol and trimethoprim were highest in the aerobic reactor; sulfamethoxazole loss was highest in the microaerobic reactors; and phenytoin was recalcitrant in all reactors. Transformation products of sulfamethoxazole and desvenlafaxine resulted in the reformation of their parent compounds during treatment. The results suggest that transformation products must be accounted for when assessing removal efficiencies and that redox environment influences the degree of pharmaceutical loss.
Stadler, Lauren B.; Su, Lijuan; Moline, Christopher J.; Ernstoff, Alexi S.; Aga, Diana S.; Love, Nancy G.
Highlights: • Pharmaceutical fate was studied in SBRs operated at different redox conditions. • Stable carbon oxidation and nitrification occurred under microaerobic conditions. • Losses of atenolol and trimethoprim were highest under fully aerobic conditions. • Loss of sulfamethoxazole was highest under microaerobic conditions. • Deconjugation occurred during treatment to form sulfamethoxazole and desvenlafaxine. - Abstract: We lack a clear understanding of how wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) process parameters, such as redox environment, impact pharmaceutical fate. WWTPs increasingly install more advanced aeration control systems to save energy and achieve better nutrient removal performance. The impact of redox condition, and specifically the use of microaerobic (low dissolved oxygen) treatment, is poorly understood. In this study, the fate of a mixture of pharmaceuticals and several of their transformation products present in the primary effluent of a local WWTP was assessed in sequencing batch reactors operated under different redox conditions: fully aerobic, anoxic/aerobic, and microaerobic (DO concentration ≈0.3 mg/L). Among the pharmaceuticals that were tracked during this study (atenolol, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, desvenlafaxine, venlafaxine, and phenytoin), overall loss varied between them and between redox environments. Losses of atenolol and trimethoprim were highest in the aerobic reactor; sulfamethoxazole loss was highest in the microaerobic reactors; and phenytoin was recalcitrant in all reactors. Transformation products of sulfamethoxazole and desvenlafaxine resulted in the reformation of their parent compounds during treatment. The results suggest that transformation products must be accounted for when assessing removal efficiencies and that redox environment influences the degree of pharmaceutical loss
2nd Generation alkaline electrolysis. Final report
Yde, L. [Aarhus Univ. Business and Social Science - Centre for Energy Technologies (CET), Aarhus (Denmark); Kjartansdottir, C.K. [Technical Univ. of Denmark. DTU Mechanical Engineering, Kgs. Lyngby (Denmark); Allebrod, F. [Technical Univ. of Denmark. DTU Energy Conversion, DTU Risoe Campus, Roskilde (Denmark)] [and others
conditions and the degradation mechanism was examined. One of the strong visions for the 2{sup nd} generation electrolyser concept has been to develop a modular system with several standardized components. The following modules have been designed: 1) Electrolyser module; 2) Deoxer Module; 3) Dryer Module; 4) Water Treatment Module; 5) Power supply and Control unit; 6) Rack mount. The developed 2{sup nd} generation rack-mounted alkaline electrolyser system has been installed and demonstrated for 18 month in a college (H2College) with 66 apartments. A number of measurements were performed on the system installed in H2College. No measurements on the overall system efficiency were conducted. However measurement on the stack showed a stack efficiency of 86.5% at a current density of 177mA/cm{sup 2} and a temperature of 74.4 deg. C at the hydrogen outlet. The system is estimated to have run roughly 2000h during the demonstration period. The demonstration of the 2{sup nd} generation alkaline electrolyser is considered a success for several reasons. While not all technical goals were reached, the research and development in the project have resulted in some very good solutions for most of the challenges in high pressure alkaline electrolysis. The concept of a rack mounted electrolyser was proven viable, and all critical aspects of the modularisation have been covered. (LN)
Treatment of different parts of corn stover for high yield and lower polydispersity lignin extraction with high-boiling alkaline solvent.
Yang, Mengyao; Rehman, Muhammad Saif Ur; Yan, Tingxuan; Khan, Asad Ullah; Oleskowicz-Popiel, Piotr; Xu, Xia; Cui, Ping; Xu, Jian
The influence of different parts of corn stover on lignin extraction was investigated. Five kinds of lignin were isolated by the high boiling point solvent extraction from the whole corn stover and four different parts including leaf, husk, bark and pith. The optimal condition was obtained: 6.25 g/L NaOH, 140 °C, 1 h and 60% (v/v) 1,4-butanediol. The extracted lignins were then characterized. FT-IR analysis revealed that all of the lignins were typically herbaceous. The lignin extracted from husk contained more S unit. Gel permeation chromatography analysis showed that it was necessary to separate corn stover into different parts to obtain low polydispersity lignin. The SEM and FT-IR analysis proved that the lignin dissolution was related to the tightness structure presenting a positive correlation with hydrogen bond index. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effect of alkaline microwaving pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and biogas production of swine manure.
Yu, Tao; Deng, Yihuan; Liu, Hongyu; Yang, Chunping; Wu, Bingwen; Zeng, Guangming; Lu, Li; Nishimura, Fumitake
Microwave assisted with alkaline (MW-A) condition was applied in the pretreatment of swine manure, and the effect of the pretreatment on anaerobic treatment and biogas production was evaluated in this study. The two main microwaving (MW) parameters, microwaving power and reaction time, were optimized for the pretreatment. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effect of alkaline microwaving process for manure pretreatment at various values of pH and energy input. Results showed that the manure disintegration degree was maximized of 63.91% at energy input of 54 J/g and pH of 12.0, and variance analysis indicated that pH value played a more important role in the pretreatment than in energy input. Anaerobic digestion results demonstrated that MW-A pretreatment not only significantly increased cumulative biogas production, but also shortened the duration for a stable biogas production rate. Therefore, the alkaline microwaving pretreatment could become an alternative process for effective treatment of swine manure.
Ash behavior during hydrothermal treatment for solid fuel applications. Part 2: Effects of treatment conditions on industrial waste biomass
Mäkelä, Mikko; Yoshikawa, Kunio
Highlights: • Effect of treatment conditions on composition and solubility of ash. • Ash dissolution and yield governed by liquid pH and calcium carbonate solubility. • Dissolution of calcium carbonate decreases ash fusion temperature during combustion. • Decreasing the ash content of sludge can weaken ash properties for combustion. - Abstract: This second half of our work on ash behavior concentrates on the effects of hydrothermal treatment conditions on paper sludge. Ash composition and solubility were determined based on treatment temperature, reactor solid load and liquid pH using experimental design and univariate regression methods. In addition, ash properties for combustion were evaluated based on recent developments on ash classification. Based on the results, all experimental variables had a statistically significant effect on ash yields. Only reactor solid load was statistically insignificant for char ash content, which increased based on increasing treatment temperature due to the decomposition of organic components. Ash dissolution and ash yield were governed by liquid pH and the generation of acids mainly due to the solubility of calcium carbonate identified as the main mineral species of paper sludge. Dissolution of calcium carbonate however decreased ash fusion temperatures more likely causing problems during char incineration. This indicated that decreasing the ash content of sludge during hydrothermal treatment can actually weaken ash properties for solid fuel applications.
CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTINIDES IN SIMULATED ALKALINE TANK WASTE SLUDGES AND LEACHATES
Nash, Kenneth L.
In this project, both the fundamental chemistry of actinides in alkaline solutions (relevant to those present in Hanford-style waste storage tanks), and their dissolution from sludge simulants (and interactions with supernatants) have been investigated under representative sludge leaching procedures. The leaching protocols were designed to go beyond conventional alkaline sludge leaching limits, including the application of acidic leachants, oxidants and complexing agents. The simulant leaching studies confirm in most cases the basic premise that actinides will remain in the sludge during leaching with 2-3 M NaOH caustic leach solutions. However, they also confirm significant chances for increased mobility of actinides under oxidative leaching conditions. Thermodynamic data generated improves the general level of experiemental information available to predict actinide speciation in leach solutions. Additional information indicates that improved Al removal can be achieved with even dilute acid leaching and that acidic Al(NO3)3 solutions can be decontaminated of co-mobilized actinides using conventional separations methods. Both complexing agents and acidic leaching solutions have significant potential to improve the effectiveness of conventional alkaline leaching protocols. The prime objective of this program was to provide adequate insight into actinide behavior under these conditions to enable prudent decision making as tank waste treatment protocols develop.
Systemic conditions and treatments as risk for therapy with dental implants
Arguedas Vega, Natalia; Alfaro Mayorga, Erika
The possible risks for osseointegration are described in patients with specific systemic conditions, medical treatment such as radiation, cardiovascular diseases, HIV and smoking habit. The principal complications for osseointegration of diseases and systemic treatments are exposed. The review and search of the available literature are realized in databases. The scientific literature obtained from human studies has reported the survival of patients with dental implants. The implants are placed in patients with at least one of the conditions studied. The risks of the surgical procedures required for the placement of implants are analyzed in systemically compromised patients. Comparisons of patients with and without systemic conditions in controlled form have remained without analyzing. The level of evidence of absolute and relative contraindications has been low for the therapy with implants in patients with systemic diseases. The revised information is detailed according the systemic conditions, and each of them are evaluated separately [es
Development of optimum conditions for modification of Kpautagi clay for application in petroleum refinery wastewater treatment
Matthew A. ONU
Full Text Available Kautagi clay is a kaolin type deposit that is abundantly available in Niger State, Nigeria with potential for application in pollution control such as wastewater treatment. This study investigates the optimum conditions for modification of Kpautagi clay for application in refinery wastewater treatment. Sulphuric acid was used in the modification of the clay and the modification variables considered were acid concentration, activation time and temperature. To develop the optimum conditions for the modification variables, the sulphuric acid modified Kpautagi clay was applied in the treatment of refinery wastewater in column mode at a fixed flow rate and mass of adsorbent. The results obtained indicate that the optimum conditions for modification of Kpautagi clay for application in the treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater are: acid concentration of 4M; activation time of 120min and activation temperature of 100°C. Therefore, the optimum conditions developed in this study for modification of Kpautagi clay could be applied for improved performance in the treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater.
Irradiation combined with Bleomycin treatment of synchronized cells in culture under oxic and hypoxic conditions
Midander, J.; Littbrand, B.; Edsmyr, F.
Bleomycin-treated cells are sensitized to radiation delivered under oxic conditions both in the early S and G 2 phases of the cycle, irradiated under hypoxic conditions, sensitization occurs only in the early S phase. This difference in the sensitizing effect of the drug is discussed in regard to the possible clinical advantages of a combined treatment of tumours with irradiation and Bleomycin. (Auth.)
The response of substance use disorder treatment providers to changes in macroeconomic conditions.
Cantor, Jonathan; Stoller, Kenneth B; Saloner, Brendan
To study how substance use disorder (SUD) treatment providers respond to changes in economic conditions. 2000-2012 National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS) which contains detailed information on specialty SUD facilities in the United States. We use fixed-effects regression to study how changes in economic conditions, proxied by state unemployment rates, impact treatment setting, accepted payment forms, charity care, offered services, special programs, and use of pharmacotherapies by specialty SUD treatment providers. Secondary data analysis in the N-SSATS. Our findings suggest a one percentage point increase in the state unemployment rate is associated with a 2.5% reduction in outpatient clients by non-profit providers and a 1.8% increase in the acceptance of private insurance as a form of payment overall. We find no evidence that inpatient treatment, the provision of charity care, offered services, or special programs are impacted by changes in the state unemployment rate. However, a one percentage point increase in the state unemployment rate leads to a 2.5% increase in the probability that a provider uses pharmacotherapies to treat addiction. Deteriorating economic conditions may increase financial pressures on treatment providers, prompting them to seek new sources of revenue or to change their care delivery models. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Plasma electrolytic oxidation of A1050 aluminium alloy in homogeneous silicate-alkaline electrolytes with edta{sup 4−} complexes of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, La and Ba under alternating polarization conditions
Rogov, A.B., E-mail: alex-lab@bk.ru [Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090 (Russian Federation); Scientific and Technical Centre “Pokrytie-A� (OOO), 15, Dzerzhinskogo Ave., Novosibirsk, 630015 (Russian Federation)
This work is devoted to the synthesis of coatings containing a number of transition elements by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) on aluminium A1050 alloy. The paper discusses PEO coatings obtained in silicate-alkaline electrolytes containing complexes of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, La and Ba with ethylenediaminetetraacetic anion edta{sup 4−}. It is also focused on the chemical basis of the electrolyte components choice and their role in the process of PEO. Possible mechanism of coating formation process is also discussed. Alternating current mode (symmetrical sinusoidal current pulses, initial average current density - 100 mA cm{sup −2}) was used to produce the coatings. The PEO process was characterized by behaviours of the anodic and cathodic peak voltage curves. Coating surfaces and cross sections are studied by optical dark field microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray and energy dispersive analysis. - Highlights: • Alkaline homogeneous electrolyte with transition metal-edta{sup 4-} complexes. • Coatings contain Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, La, Ba elements in alumina-silica matrix. • Alternating symmetric sinusoidal current of 100 mA cm{sup −2} was applied. • Borax buffer solution and silicate passivating agent were used.
[Exposure to addictogenic substances, conditioned response and treatment of the exposure with response prevention].
Khazaal, Y; Frésard, E; Zullino, D
Exposure to drugs or related cues is associated with psycho-physiological reactivity. These responses are conditioned during periods of active consumption. Exposure with response prevention (EPR) is a treatment established for anxiety disorder and aims to reduce anxiety by an extinction of previously conditioned responses. The conditioning recognized in additive processes has led to research into EPR's therapeutic potential for treating addiction. This paper is a review of the main studies on reactivity to cues, and EPR, particularly with respect to addiction to alcohol, opiates, cocaine and tobacco. This review is based on information from the Medline database, dealing with cue reactivity, attentional bias during exposure to cues and exposure treatment for addiction in general and, in particular, for each of the aforementioned substances. Exposure to drug-related cues is clearly associated with psycho-physiological reactivity and with attentional bias. Those phenomena are associated with craving and more difficulty in maintaining abstinence. The subject's attention is thus held by a large number of drug-related environmental stimuli. These observations are linked with conditioning phenomena and suggest the possibility of treatment by EPR conditioning extinction procedures. EPR has been most widely studied for abuse and alcohol addiction. Case reports give favourable outcomes. Results from controlled studies are less clear. Studies on patients addicted to cocaine or heroine are still limited and not conclusive. Different controlled studies on EPR for nicotine addiction have not produced conclusions in favour of this treatment. Generally, the EPR procedures used vary among studies. Studies focussing particularly on the evolution of physiological responses in a laboratory setting after EPR have demonstrated reduced autonomic nervous system activity. These results do not consistently lead to a reduction in consumption behaviour and in craving when the patient is in
Overexpression of Human Bone Alkaline Phosphatase in Pichia Pastoris
Karr, Laurel; Malone, Christine, C.; Rose, M. Franklin (Technical Monitor)
The Pichiapastoris expression system was utilized to produce functionally active human bone alkaline phosphatase in gram quantities. Bone alkaline phosphatase is a key enzyme in bone formation and biomineralization, yet important questions about its structural chemistry and interactions with other cellular enzymes in mineralizing tissues remain unanswered. A soluble form of human bone alkaline phosphatase was constructed by deletion of the 25 amino acid hydrophobic C-terminal region of the encoding cDNA and inserted into the X-33 Pichiapastoris strain. An overexpression system was developed in shake flasks and converted to large-scale fermentation. Alkaline phosphatase was secreted into the medium to a level of 32mgAL when cultured in shake flasks. Enzyme activity was 12U/mg measured by a spectrophotometric assay. Fermentation yielded 880mgAL with enzymatic activity of 968U/mg. Gel electrophoresis analysis indicates that greater than 50% of the total protein in the fermentation is alkaline phosphatase. A purification scheme has been developed using ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. We are currently screening crystallization conditions of the purified recombinant protein for subsequent X-ray diffraction analyses. Structural data should provide additional information on the role of alkaline phosphatase in normal bone mineralization and in certain bone mineralization anomalies.
Alkaline Extraction of DNA from Pathogenic Fungi for PCR-RFLP Analysis
Matsumoto, Masaru; Mishima, Shinobu; Matsuyama, Nobuaki; �元, 賢; �山, 宣明
For the preparation of DNA samples from fungal mycelia alkaline extraction method was applied and assessed its usefulness for PCR-RFLP analysis. Using alkaline treatment protocols, 18S ribosomal DNAs (rDNA) derived from fungal genomic DNA of Pyricularia oryzae, P. zingiberi, Rhizoctonia solani and R. oryzae were PCR-amplified and digested with Hha I, Msp I and Hae ill. RFLP analysis with HhaI showed the divergent polymorphism between genus Pyricularia and Rhizoctonia. The alkaline DNA extract...
Comparison of steam sterilization conditions efficiency in the treatment of Infectious Health Care Waste.
Maamari, Olivia; Mouaffak, Lara; Kamel, Ramza; Brandam, Cedric; Lteif, Roger; Salameh, Dominique
Many studies show that the treatment of Infectious Health Care Waste (IHCW) in steam sterilization devices at usual operating standards does not allow for proper treatment of Infectious Health Care Waste (IHCW). Including a grinding component before sterilization allows better waste sterilization, but any hard metal object in the waste can damage the shredder. The first objective of the study is to verify that efficient IHCW treatment can occur at standard operating parameters defined by the contact time-temperature couple in steam treatment systems without a pre-mixing/fragmenting or pre-shredding step. The second objective is to establish scientifically whether the standard operation conditions for a steam treatment system including a step of pre-mixing/fragmenting were sufficient to destroy the bacterial spores in IHCW known to be the most difficult to treat. Results show that for efficient sterilization of dialysis cartridges in a pilot 60L steam treatment system, the process would require more than 20 min at 144°C without a pre-mixing/fragmenting step. In a 720L steam treatment system including pre-mixing/fragmenting paddles, only 10 min at 144°C are required to sterilize IHCW proved to be sterilization challenges such as dialysis cartridges and diapers in normal conditions of rolling. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Net alkalinity and net acidity 1: Theoretical considerations
Kirby, Carl S.; Cravotta, Charles A.
Net acidity and net alkalinity are widely used, poorly defined, and commonly misunderstood parameters for the characterization of mine drainage. The authors explain theoretical expressions of 3 types of alkalinity (caustic, phenolphthalein, and total) and acidity (mineral, CO 2 , and total). Except for rarely-invoked negative alkalinity, theoretically defined total alkalinity is closely analogous to measured alkalinity and presents few practical interpretation problems. Theoretically defined 'CO 2 -acidity' is closely related to most standard titration methods with an endpoint pH of 8.3 used for determining acidity in mine drainage, but it is unfortunately named because CO 2 is intentionally driven off during titration of mine-drainage samples. Using the proton condition/mass-action approach and employing graphs to illustrate speciation with changes in pH, the authors explore the concept of principal components and how to assign acidity contributions to aqueous species commonly present in mine drainage. Acidity is defined in mine drainage based on aqueous speciation at the sample pH and on the capacity of these species to undergo hydrolysis to pH 8.3. Application of this definition shows that the computed acidity in mgL -1 as CaCO 3 (based on pH and analytical concentrations of dissolved Fe II , Fe III , Mn, and Al in mgL -1 ):acidity calculated =50{1000(10 -pH )+[2(Fe II )+3(Fe III )]/56+2(Mn) /55+3(Al)/27}underestimates contributions from HSO 4 - and H + , but overestimates the acidity due to Fe 3+ and Al 3+ . However, these errors tend to approximately cancel each other. It is demonstrated that 'net alkalinity' is a valid mathematical construction based on theoretical definitions of alkalinity and acidity. Further, it is shown that, for most mine-drainage solutions, a useful net alkalinity value can be derived from: (1) alkalinity and acidity values based on aqueous speciation (2) measured alkalinity minus calculated acidity, or (3) taking the negative of the
Net acidity and net alkalinity are widely used, poorly defined, and commonly misunderstood parameters for the characterization of mine drainage. The authors explain theoretical expressions of 3 types of alkalinity (caustic, phenolphthalein, and total) and acidity (mineral, CO2, and total). Except for rarely-invoked negative alkalinity, theoretically defined total alkalinity is closely analogous to measured alkalinity and presents few practical interpretation problems. Theoretically defined "CO 2-acidity" is closely related to most standard titration methods with an endpoint pH of 8.3 used for determining acidity in mine drainage, but it is unfortunately named because CO2 is intentionally driven off during titration of mine-drainage samples. Using the proton condition/mass- action approach and employing graphs to illustrate speciation with changes in pH, the authors explore the concept of principal components and how to assign acidity contributions to aqueous species commonly present in mine drainage. Acidity is defined in mine drainage based on aqueous speciation at the sample pH and on the capacity of these species to undergo hydrolysis to pH 8.3. Application of this definition shows that the computed acidity in mg L -1 as CaCO3 (based on pH and analytical concentrations of dissolved FeII, FeIII, Mn, and Al in mg L -1):aciditycalculated=50{1000(10-pH)+[2(FeII)+3(FeIII)]/56+2(Mn)/ 55+3(Al)/27}underestimates contributions from HSO4- and H+, but overestimates the acidity due to Fe3+ and Al3+. However, these errors tend to approximately cancel each other. It is demonstrated that "net alkalinity" is a valid mathematical construction based on theoretical definitions of alkalinity and acidity. Further, it is shown that, for most mine-drainage solutions, a useful net alkalinity value can be derived from: (1) alkalinity and acidity values based on aqueous speciation, (2) measured alkalinity minus calculated acidity, or (3) taking the negative of the value obtained in a
Mass spectra of alkaline earth salts with a FAB source. Complexation with crown ethers
Ulrich, J.
With a liquid desorption FAB source it is possible to obtain alkaline earth metal ions complexed by a crown ether. Conditions for formation of these complexes ions are examined for selection of the complexing agent in function of cation size. Behaviour of alkaline and alkaline earth compounds are compared allowing the differentiation of ion extraction phenomena by liquid desorption ion source and solvent extraction [fr
After Some Breast Cancer Treatments, Risk for Other Health Conditions May Rise
... Skin Care Dining & Beverage Personal Care Services Sports & Outdoors Frequently Asked Questions 25th Anniversary Campaign Donors Share ... did not track how severe the co-existing health conditions were. What ... cases, the benefit of taking these treatments outweighs the potential risk ...
Influence of long-term treatment with glyceryl trinitrate on remote ischemic conditioning
Hauerslev, Marie; Mørk, Sivagowry Rasalingam; Pryds, Kasper
Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) protects against sustained myocardial ischemia. Due to overlapping mechanisms this protection may be altered by glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), which is commonly used in the treatment of patients with chronic ischemic heart disease. We investigated whether long-term ...
Techniques of treatment or conditioning for waste arising from 131I production
Dellamono, J.C.
Distillation, evaporation/crystallization, direct immobilization and some chemical like precipitation and reduction were studied as techniques of treatment or conditioning for waste arising from 131 I production. The description of all techniques studied, as well as evaluation and discussion of the results are presented. (author) [pt
Fear less : Individual differences in fear conditioning and their relation to treatment outcome in anxiety disorders
Duits, P.|info:eu-repo/dai/nl/412437694
Findings from animal and human experimental studies highlight the importance of fear conditioning processes in the development and treatment of anxiety disorders. The work reported in this thesis was focused on potential abnormalities in the acquisition and extinction of fear in patients with
Effect of different seed treatments on maize seed germination parameters under optimal and suboptimal temperature conditions
Vujošević Bojana
Full Text Available The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different seed treatments on germination parameters of three maize genotypes under optimal and suboptimal temperature conditions. Seed was treated with recommended doses of three commercial pesticide formulations: metalaxyl-m 10 g/L + fludioxonil 25 g/L, metalaxyl 20 g/kg + prothioconazole 100 g/kg and thiacloprid 400 g/L. Testing was conducted at 25°C and 15°C. Results of the study indicate that there are differences in response of maize genotypes to applied seed treatments, as well as to a specific treatment at optimal and suboptimal temperatures. Some treatments, depending on the mixing partner and temperature conditions, can affect final germination. In other cases, germination rate can be accelerated or prolonged, but with no effect on final germination. In order to provide fast and uniform emergence under different temperature conditions, further examination of the response of maize genotypes to specific seed treatments would be beneficial.
[Affective bipolar disorder and ambivalence in relation to the drug treatment: analyzing the causal conditions].
Miasso, Adriana Inocenti; Cassiani, Silvia Helena De Bortoli; Pedrão, Luiz Jorge
This study was performed with an aim to understand the conditions causing the ambivalence of the person with bipolar affective disorder (BAD) regarding following the drug treatment. A qualitative approach was used, with the Grounded Theory as the methodology framework, under the light of Symbolic Interactionism. Participants were 14 individuals with BAD who were being followed at an Outpatient Clinic for Mood Disorders of a university hospital and 14 relatives they indicated. Interviews and observation were the main forms of obtaining data. Results revealed three categories that described the referred causal conditions: experiencing the crises of the disorder; needing the drug; and living with the side effects of the drugs. It was found that there is a need to change the attitude of some health professionals from blaming the patient for interrupting the treatment to one of listening, valuing their symbolic and affective universe as well as the partnership in the treatment.
Patient Perception of Treatment Burden is High in Celiac Disease Compared to Other Common Conditions
Shah, Sveta; Akbari, Mona; Vanga, Rohini; Kelly, Ciaran P.; Hansen, Joshua; Theethira, Thimmaiah; Tariq, Sohaib; Dennis, Melinda; Leffler, Daniel A.
Introduction The only treatment for celiac disease (CD) is life-long adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). Noncompliance is associated with signs and symptoms of celiac disease, yet long-term adherence rates are poor. It is not known how the burden of the GFD compares to other medical treatments, and there are limited data on the socio-economic factors influencing treatment adherence. In this study we compared treatment burden and health state in CD compared with other chronic illnesses and evaluated the relationship between treatment burden and adherence. Methods A survey was mailed to participants with: CD, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), congestive heart failure (CHF), and end stage renal disease on dialysis (ESRD). Surveys included demographic information and visual analog scales measuring treatment burden, importance of treatment, disease-specific and overall health status. Results We collected surveys from 341 celiac and 368 non-celiac participants. Celiac participants reported high treatment burden, greater than participants with GERD or HTN and comparable to ESRD. Conversely, patients with CD reported the highest health state of all groups. Factors associated with high treatment burden in CD included poor adherence, concern regarding food cost, eating outside the home, higher income, lack of college education and time limitations in preparing food. Poor adherence in CD was associated with increased symptoms, income, and low perceived importance of treatment. Discussion Participants with CD have high treatment burden but also excellent overall health status in comparison with other chronic medical conditions. The significant burden of dietary therapy for celiac disease argues for the need for safe adjuvant treatment as well as interventions designed to lower the perceived burden of the GFD. PMID:24980880
Vitamin D for the treatment of chronic painful conditions in adults.
Straube, Sebastian; Derry, Sheena; Straube, Carmen; Moore, R Andrew
This review is an update of a previously published review in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Issue 1, 2010) on 'Vitamin D for the treatment of chronic painful conditions in adults'.Vitamin D is produced in the skin after exposure to sunlight and can be obtained through food. Vitamin D deficiency has been linked with a range of conditions, including chronic pain. Observational and circumstantial evidence suggests that there may be a role for vitamin D deficiency in the aetiology of chronic painful conditions. To assess the efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation in chronic painful conditions when tested against placebo or against active comparators. For this update, we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, and EMBASE to February 2015. This was supplemented by searching the reference lists of retrieved articles, reviews in the field, and online trial registries. We included studies if they were randomised double-blind trials of vitamin D supplementation compared with placebo or with active comparators for the treatment of chronic painful conditions in adults. Two review authors independently selected the studies for inclusion, assessed methodological quality, and extracted data. We did not undertake pooled analysis due to the heterogeneity of the data. Primary outcomes of interest were pain responder outcomes, and secondary outcomes were treatment group average pain outcomes and adverse events. We included six new studies (517 participants) in this review update, bringing the total of included studies to 10 (811 participants). The studies were heterogeneous with regard to study quality, the chronic painful conditions that were investigated, the dose of vitamin D given, co-interventions, and the outcome measures reported. Only two studies reported responder pain outcomes; the other studies reported treatment group average outcomes only. Overall, there was no consistent pattern that vitamin D treatment was
Degradation of cellulosic materials under the alkaline conditions of a cementitious repository for low- and intermediate level radioactive waste. Pt. III. Effect of degradation products on the sorption of radionuclides on feldspar
Loon, L.R. van; Glaus, M.A.; Laube, A.; Stallone, S.
The effect of degradation products of different cellulosic materials on the sorption behaviour of Th(IV), Eu(III) and Ni(II) on feldspar at pH 13.3 was studied. For all three metals, a decrease in sorption could be observed with increasing concentration of organics in solution. For Th(IV), α-ISA is the effective ligand present in the solutions of degraded cellulose, independent on the type of cellulose studied. For Eu(III), α-ISA is the effective ligand in the case of pure cellulose degradation. In the case of other cellulosic materials, unknown ligands cause the sorption reduction. For Ni(II), also unknown ligands cause sorption reduction, independent on the type of cellulose studied. These unknown ligands are not formed during alkaline degradation of cellulose, but are present as impurities in certain cellulosic materials. (orig.)
Effect of tillage fertilizer treatments on maize fodder yield under rainfed conditions of Pakistan
Khaliq, P.; Cheema, N.M.; Malik, M.A.
The effect of deep and shallow tillage and fertilizer treatments i.e., recommended dose of fertilizer (RF), farm yard manure (FYM) and recommended dose of fertilizer plus farmyard manure (RF+FYM) on maize fodder yield was studied under rainfed conditions of Pakistan. It was observed that the emergence count m-2, maize fodder biomass, plant height, number of leaves per plant and maize fodder yield enhanced, with the application of RF+FYM. However, the effect of FYM+RF and recommended dose of fertilizer was statistically non-significant and on average basis RF+FYM treatment produced higher green fodder (19971.5 kg ha/sup -1/) than fodder yield of 18349.1 kg ha/sup -1/ produced by applying recommended dose of fertilizer. However, green fodder yield produced with these two fertilizer treatments were significantly higher than that of the FYM and control treatments. The FYM treatment gave lowest fodder yield (16997 kg ha/sup -1/) and was significantly lower than the fodder yield (17278.7 kg ha/sup -1/) obtained in control treatment. The nutrient availability in RF+FYM treatment significantly increased the biomass production, however, application of FYM promoted the weed infestation that reduced the green fodder yield of maize, but it improved the overall forage yield as recorded in RF+FYM treatment. The effect of deep tillage on maize fodder yield was non-significant. (author)
Treatment of Household Waste in Small Towns of China: Status, Basic Conditions and Appropriate Modes
HE Pin-jing
Full Text Available Small town is the gateway of population migrating from rural areas to urban areas in the process of urbanization. The level of its household solid waste treatment is pivotal to the environmental and sanitary quality of surrounding rural areas. Furthermore, small town is the primary administrative center for rural districts, and will impose important influences on the solid waste management in villages. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effects of treatment modes on the household solid waste treatment in towns and surrounding villages. Based on the waste generation in small towns, this study analyzed the current status and existing problems for solid waste treatment, and discussed the related administrative management and financial supporting conditions in small towns. By summarizing the characteristics of the existing modes and comparing the costs for different treatment modes, the present study proposed that the most appropriate mode was“diversion in villages-diversion, transportation or treatment in towns-treatment and disposal in counties�, in which the town was the core node for the treatment of rural solid waste, so that the administrative and financial advantages of small towns could be highlighted and consequentially promoted the management of rural solid waste.
Changes of serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in fasted rats.
Wada, H; Niwa, N; Hayakawa, T; Tsuge, H
Changes of serum alkaline phosphatase (sALP) isoenzymes under fasting conditions were examined using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), amino-acids (L-phenylalanine (L-Phe), L-homoarginine (L-HArg)) inhibition and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) treatment. The sALP of non-fasted rats was separated into three bands (S1, S2, S3) by PAGE. The molecular weight (M.W.) of S1 corresponded to that of an isoenzyme found in the ileum. By the addition of L-Phe, the staining intensity of S1 was weakened, S2 and S3 remained unchanged and the total activity of the isoenzymes extracted from intestine decreased. On the other hand, the activity of isoenzymes extracted from kidney and bone decreased by the addition of L-HArg. Therefore, S1 was judged to be derived from intestine. The activities of total sALP and S1 decreased from 16 h of fasting. Total sALP activity and sALP activity of the supernatant prepared by WGA treatment decreased, whereas the ALP activity of the precipitate (difference between total sALP activity and supernatant sALP activity) did not change. The activity band of the precipitate corresponded to that of S3 by PAGE. Therefore, S3 was judged to be derived from bone. In conclusion, under fasting conditions, the activity of S1 decreased while the activities of S2 and S3 remained unchanged.
Treatment outcomes for isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis under program conditions in British Columbia, Canada.
Romanowski, Kamila; Chiang, Leslie Y; Roth, David Z; Krajden, Mel; Tang, Patrick; Cook, Victoria J; Johnston, James C
Every year, over 1 million people develop isoniazid (INH) resistant tuberculosis (TB). Yet, the optimal treatment regimen remains unclear. Given increasing prevalence, the clinical efficacy of regimens used by physicians is of interest. This study aims to examine treatment outcomes of INH resistant TB patients, treated under programmatic conditions in British Columbia, Canada. Medical charts were retrospectively reviewed for cases of culture-confirmed INH mono-resistant TB reported to the BC Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) from 2002 to 2014. Treatment regimens, patient and strain characteristics, and clinical outcomes were analysed. One hundred sixty five cases of INH mono-resistant TB were included in analysis and over 30 different treatment regimens were prescribed. Median treatment duration was 10.5 months (IQR 9-12 months) and treatment was extended beyond 12 months for 26 patients (15.8%). Fifty six patients (22.6%) experienced an adverse event that resulted in a drug regimen modification. Overall, 140 patients (84.8%) had a successful treatment outcome while 12 (7.2%) had an unsuccessful treatment outcome of failure (n = 2; 1.2%), relapse (n = 4; 2.4%) or all cause mortality (n = 6; 3.6%). Our treatment outcomes, while consistent with findings reported from other studies in high resource settings, raise concerns about current recommendations for INH resistant TB treatment. Only a small proportion of patients completed the recommended treatment regimens. High quality studies to confirm the effectiveness of standardized regimens are urgently needed, with special consideration given to trials utilizing fluoroquinolones.
PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF ALKALINE ...
Prof. Adipala Ekwamu
There was no clear decrease in the yield seen in the bands and the loss of enzyme was not observed with the gel analysis. It may ... The native gel results show clear distinct bands for the 3 alkaline phosphotase isoenzymes ..... British Medical.
French practice and trends in the treatment and conditioning of PWR liquid effluents and solid wastes
Celeri, J.J.; Pottier, P.; Sousselier, Y.
From the early stages of the development of the nuclear industry in France, it has been decided to avoid radioactive effluent release by treatment, conditioning and storage of the wastes. It was not possible, when choosing this option, to reach the optimum from the beginning for the whole management system. The selection of a treatment process requires a precise knowledge of the nature, the composition and the arisings of radioactive wastes and these data are only available when commercial size reactors are in operation. To solve this problem, a close collaboration has been developed between the nuclear station operators and the R and D laboratories in charge of studying new treatment methods. This cooperation is a fruitful permanent exchange giving precise data about the waste, results of treatment operation on the industrial units, allowing modification in the installations to improve their efficiency and sometimes, resulting in new trends for the research program
Alkaline resistant ceramics; Alkalimotstaandskraftiga keramer
Westberg, Stig-Bjoern [Vattenfall Utveckling AB, Aelvkarleby (Sweden)
Despite durability in several environments, ceramics and refractories can not endure alkaline environments at high temperature. An example of such an environment is when burning biofuel in modern heat and power plants in which the demand for increasing efficiency results in higher combustion temperatures and content of alkaline substances in the flue gas. Some experiences of these environments has been gained from such vastly different equipment as regenerator chambers in the glass industry and MHD-generators. The grains of a ceramic material are usually bonded together by a glassy phase which despite it frequently being a minor constituent render the materials properties and limits its use at elevated temperature. The damage is usually caused by alkaline containing low-melting phases and the decrease of the viscosity of the bonding glass phase which is caused by the alkaline. The surfaces which are exposed to the flue gas in a modern power plant are not only exposed to the high temperature but also a corroding and eroding, particle containing, gas flow of high velocity. The use of conventional refractory products is limited to 1300-1350 deg C. Higher strength and fracture toughness as well as durability against gases, slag and melts at temperatures exceeding 1700 deg C are expected of the materials of the future. Continuous transport of corrosive compounds to the surface and corrosion products from the surface as well as a suitable environment for the corrosion to occur in are prerequisites for extensive corrosion to come about. The highest corrosion rate is therefore found in a temperature interval between the dew point and the melting point of the alkaline-constituent containing compound. It is therefore important that the corrosion resistance is sufficient in the environment in which alkaline containing melts or slag may appear. In environments such as these, even under normal circumstances durable ceramics, such as alumina and silicon carbide, are attacked
Chronic treatment with fluoxetine prevents the return of extinguished auditory-cued conditioned fear.
Deschaux, Olivier; Spennato, Guillaume; Moreau, Jean-Luc; Garcia, René
We have recently shown that post-extinction exposure of rats to a sub-threshold reminder shock can reactivate extinguished context-related freezing and found that chronic treatment with fluoxetine before fear extinction prevents this phenomenon. In the present study, we examined whether these findings would be confirmed with auditory fear conditioning. Rats were initially submitted to a session of five tone-shock pairings with either a 0.7- or 0.1-mA shock and underwent, 3 days later, a session of 20 tone-alone trials. At the beginning of this latter session, we observed cue-conditioned freezing in rats that received the strong, but not the weak, shock. At the end, both groups (strong and weak shocks) displayed similar low levels of freezing, indicating fear extinction in rats exposed to the strong shock. These rats exhibited again high levels of cue-evoked freezing when exposed to three tone-shock pairings with 0.1-mA shock. This reemergence of cue-conditioned fear was completely abolished by chronic (over a 21-day period) fluoxetine treatment which spared, when administered before the initial fear conditioning, the original tone-shock association. These data extend our previous findings and suggest that chronic fluoxetine treatment favor extinction memory by dampening the reactivation of the original tone-shock association.
Experimental Simulation of Long Term Weathering in Alkaline Bauxite Residue Tailings
Talitha C. Santini
Full Text Available Bauxite residue is an alkaline, saline tailings material generated as a byproduct of the Bayer process used for alumina refining. Developing effective plans for the long term management of potential environmental impacts associated with storage of these tailings is dependent on understanding how the chemical and mineralogical properties of the tailings will change during weathering and transformation into a soil-like material. Hydrothermal treatment of bauxite residue was used to compress geological weathering timescales and examine potential mineral transformations during weathering. Gibbsite was rapidly converted to boehmite; this transformation was examined with in situ synchrotron XRD. Goethite, hematite, and calcite all precipitated over longer weathering timeframes, while tricalcium aluminate dissolved. pH, total alkalinity, and salinity (electrical conductivity all decreased during weathering despite these experiments being performed under “closed� conditions (i.e., no leaching. This indicates the potential for auto-attenuation of the high alkalinity and salinity that presents challenges for long term environmental management, and suggests that management requirements will decrease during weathering as a result of these mineral transformations.
Optical properties of alkaline earth borate glasses
... devices; radiation shields, surgical lasers and their glass ceramic counter ... Alkaline earth oxides improve glass forming capability while heavy metal ... reports on optical properties of MO-B2O3 glasses containing alkaline earth oxides.
Qualitative Carbohydrate Analysis using Alkaline Potassium ...
IAS Admin
CLASSROOM. 285. RESONANCE | March 2016. Qualitative Carbohydrate Analysis using Alkaline. Potassium Ferricyanide. Keywords. Alkaline potassium ferricyanide, qualitative ... Carbohydrates form a distinct class of organic compounds often .... Laboratory Techniques: A contemporary Approach, W B Saunders Com-.
Impact of the environmental conditions and substrate pre-treatment on whey protein hydrolysis: A review.
Cheison, Seronei Chelulei; Kulozik, Ulrich
Proteins in solution are subject to myriad forces stemming from interactions with each other as well as with the solvent media. The role of the environmental conditions, namely pH, temperature, ionic strength remains under-estimated yet it impacts protein conformations and consequently its interaction with, and susceptibility to, the enzyme. Enzymes, being proteins are also amenable to the environmental conditions because they are either activated or denatured depending on the choice of the conditions. Furthermore, enzyme specificity is restricted to a narrow regime of optimal conditions while opportunities outside the optimum conditions remain untapped. In addition, the composition of protein substrate (whether mixed or single purified) have been underestimated in previous studies. In addition, protein pre-treatment methods like heat denaturation prior to hydrolysis is a complex phenomenon whose progression is influenced by the environmental conditions including the presence or absence of sugars like lactose, ionic strength, purity of the protein, and the molecular structure of the mixed proteins particularly presence of free thiol groups. In this review, we revisit protein hydrolysis with a focus on the impact of the hydrolysis environment and show that preference of peptide bonds and/or one protein over another during hydrolysis is driven by the environmental conditions. Likewise, heat-denaturing is a process which is dependent on not only the environment but the presence or absence of other proteins.
The dominance of thermocicling treatments conditions on microplastic of spheral ground up powder beryllium
Ivantsov, V.I.
The dominance of thermocicling treatments conditions on structure,electrical resistance,microplastic characteristics and behavior in the microdeformation area of beryllium was investigated. It is established, that TC causes considerable structural changes in beryllium at the upper thermocicling temperature exceeding 523 K. Attached to upper TC temperature less then 523 K it is observed hardening of metal, conditioned by processes of twining and relaxation of micro stresses in overstrained micro volumes. The temperature range of TC determinate the stage evolution of the flow and the deformation hardening at different stages defined by changes in the beryllium structure caused by processing
Combined heat and gamma-irradiation treatments for the control of strawberry diseases under market conditions
Brodrick, H.T.; Thomas, A.C.; Van Tonder, A.J.; Terblanche, J.C.
The spoilage of strawberries under local market conditions was investigated. It was confirmed that the major losses are due to 'leak' disease caused by Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehr. ex Fr.) Lind. It was also established that further fruit losses in summer are due to anthracnose caused by the fungus Colletotrichum acutatum Simmonds. This is the first time that the latter pathogen has been isolated and identified and recognised as a problem on strawberries in South Africa. Studies with R. stolonifer in culture showed that 46 degrees Celsius for 20 min (the previous international standard heat treatment for fruit) was disappointing, while a treatment at 50 degrees Celsius for 10 min effectively inhibited spore germination. Irradiation studies with cultures of R. stolonifer and C. acutatum showed that a dose of 200 and 100 krad, respectively, resulted in excellent inhibition of spore germination. However, irradiating in nitrogen gas resulted in a tenfold reduction in the effectiveness of the irradiation treatments. The use of nitrogen during irradiation, therefore, cannot be considered, especially where an effective control of the fungal pathogens is desired. Investigations with different cultivars clearly demonstrated the synergistic effect on disease control obtained when combining heat and irradiation treatments. The combination treatment (moist heat at 50-52 degrees Celsius for 10 min plus 200 krad), besides effectively controlling both diseases in strawberries, did not adversely affect berry quality. In simulated transport tests it was shown that a minimal amount of berry softening did occur with this treatment, but this adverse effect was negligible compared with the beneficial effect obtained from disease control. In semi-commercial experiments it was shown that the combination heat and irradiation treatment effectively controlled spoilage diseases for a period of several days from picking, thus allowing sufficient time to market the fruit under local market
Systematic review of the association between dietary acid load, alkaline water and cancer.
Fenton, Tanis R; Huang, Tian
To evaluate the evidence for a causal relationship between dietary acid/alkaline and alkaline water for the aetiology and treatment of cancer. A systematic review was conducted on published and grey literature separately for randomised intervention and observational studies with either varying acid-base dietary intakes and/or alkaline water with any cancer outcome or for cancer treatment. Incidence of cancer and outcomes of cancer treatment. 8278 citations were identified, and 252 abstracts were reviewed; 1 study met the inclusion criteria and was included in this systematic review. No randomised trials were located. No studies were located that examined dietary acid or alkaline or alkaline water for cancer treatment. The included study was a cohort study with a low risk of bias. This study revealed no association between the diet acid load with bladder cancer (OR=1.15: 95% CI 0.86 to 1.55, p=0.36). No association was found even among long-term smokers (OR=1.72: 95% CI 0.96 to 3.10, p=0.08). Despite the promotion of the alkaline diet and alkaline water by the media and salespeople, there is almost no actual research to either support or disprove these ideas. This systematic review of the literature revealed a lack of evidence for or against diet acid load and/or alkaline water for the initiation or treatment of cancer. Promotion of alkaline diet and alkaline water to the public for cancer prevention or treatment is not justified. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/
Ethanol production from bamboo using mild alkaline pre-extraction followed by alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment.
Yuan, Zhaoyang; Wen, Yangbing; Kapu, Nuwan Sella
A sequential two-stage pretreatment process comprising alkaline pre-extraction and alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment (AHP) was investigated to convert bamboo carbohydrates into bioethanol. The results showed that mild alkaline pre-extraction using 8% (w/w) sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 100°C for 180min followed by AHP pretreatment with 4% (w/w) hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) was sufficient to generate a substrate that could be efficiently digested with low enzyme loadings. Moreover, alkali pre-extraction enabled the use of lower H 2 O 2 charges in AHP treatment. Two-stage pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with only 9FPU/g cellulose led to the recovery of 87% of the original sugars in the raw feedstock. The use of the pentose-hexose fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae SR8u strain enabled the utilization of 95.7% sugars in the hydrolysate to reach 4.6%w/v ethanol titer. The overall process also enabled the recovery of 62.9% lignin and 93.8% silica at high levels of purity. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Production of thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant alkaline ...
An alkaliphilic bacterium producing organic solvent-tolerant and thermostable alkaline protease was isolated from poultry litter site and identified as Bacillus coagulans PSB-07. Protease production under different submerged fermentation conditions were investigated with the aim of optimizing yield of enzyme. B. coagulans ...
Defining treatment conditions for pulsed electric field pasteurization of apple juice.
Saldaña, G; Puértolas, E; Monfort, S; Raso, J; Alvarez, I
The influence of temperature and the presence of N(α)-lauroyl ethylester (ethyl lauroyl arginate, LAE) on the inactivation caused by continuous pulsed electric field treatments (PEF) in Escherichia coli O157:H7 suspended in apple juice have been investigated to define treatment conditions applicable at industrial scale that promote an equivalent safety level when compared with thermal processing. In the range of experimental conditions investigated (outlet temperature: 20-40 °C, electric field strength: 20-30 kV, treatment time: 5-125 μs) at outlet temperatures equal or lower than 55±1 °C, the inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 treated in apple juice ranged from 0.4 to 3.6 Log�₀ cycles reduction and treated in apple juice supplemented with LAE (50 ppm) ranged from 0.9 to 6.7 Log�₀ cycles reduction. An empirical mathematical model was developed to estimate the treatment time and total specific energy input to obtain 5 Log�₀ cycles reduction in the population of E. coli O157:H7 suspended in apple juice supplemented with 50 ppm of LAE at different electric field strengths and inlet temperatures. Treatment conditions established for E. coli O157:H7 were validated with other PEF resistant Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium) strains. When the treatment was applied to the apple juice, a treatment of 25 kV/cm for 63 μs corresponding with an outlet temperature of 65 °C and input energy of 125 kJ/kg was required to achieve more than 5 Log�₀ cycles in the four strains investigated. The addition of LAE reduced the treatment time required to obtain an equivalent inactivation (>5 Log�₀ cycles) in the four microorganisms to 38.4 μs, the outlet temperature to 55 °C, and the input energy to 83.2 kJ/kg. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Optimisation of treatment, storage and disposal strategies for (unconditioned and conditioned) radioactive waste
Bealby, J.
This study examines the trade-offs involved between unconditioned and conditioned waste storage, by investigating the effects of different cost and environmental minimisation strategies on radioactive waste treatment and disposal strategies. The costs and environmental impacts from storage (unconditioned and conditioned), conditioning, transport and disposal are examined. A single generic mixed Magnox/AGR site is investigated, assuming a moderate nuclear power growth scenario over the period 1986 to 2030. Assessments have been performed for four weighting sets which cover the range of views perceived to exist about the relative importance of cost and environmental impact reduction. The base case conditioning option considers the availability of a LLW low force compaction plant in 1986 and two ILW conditioning plants (cement encapsulation and dissolution) in 1990. A base case set of disposal options considers the options of disposal to shallow land and burial facility and deep cavity facilities. The study investigates the effect of deferring the opening dates of the conditioning plants. A set of sensitivity studies show that the assessments are robust to the assumptions and impact parameters used. (author)
Emotional benefit of cosmetic camouflage in the treatment of facial skin conditions: personal experience and review.
Levy, Lauren L; Emer, Jason J
Recent studies highlighting the psychological benefits of medical treatment for dermatological skin conditions have demonstrated a clear role for medical therapy in psychological health. Skin conditions, particularly those that are overtly visible, such as those located on the face, neck, and hands, often have a profound effect on the daily functioning of those affected. The literature documents significant emotional benefits using medical therapy in conditions such as acne, psoriasis, vitiligo, and rosacea, but there is little evidence documenting similar results with the use of cosmetic camouflage. Here we present a review highlighting the practical use of cosmetic camouflage makeup in patients with facial skin conditions and review its implications for psychological health. A search of the Medline and Scopus databases was performed to identify articles documenting the emotional benefit of cosmetic camouflage. Cosmetic camouflage provides a significant emotional benefit for patients with facial skin conditions, and this is substantiated by a literature review and personal experience. More clinical studies are needed to assess and validate the findings reported here. Patients with visible skin conditions have increased rates of depression, anxiety, and decreased self-esteem. It is prudent for us to consider therapies that can offer rapid and dramatic results, such as cosmetic camouflage.
Selection of hydrothermal pre-treatment conditions of waste sludge destruction using multicriteria decision-making.
Al-Shiekh Khalil, Wael; Shanableh, Abdullah; Rigby, Portia; Kokot, Serge
The effectiveness of hydrothermal treatment for the destruction of the organic content of sludge waste was investigated. The sludge sampled in this study contained approximately 2% solids. The experimental program consisted of hydrothermal treatment experiments conducted in a batch reactor at temperatures between 100 and 250 degrees C, with the addition of an oxidant (hydrogen peroxide) in the range of 0-150% with reference to TCOD, and reaction times of up to 60 min. The results suggested that the availability of oxidant, reaction temperature and reaction time were the determining factors for COD removal. A significant fraction of the COD remaining after treatment consisted of the dissolved COD. The results confirmed that hydrothermal treatment proceeds through hydrolysis resulting in the production of dissolved organic products followed by COD removal through oxidation. Two MCDM chemometrics methods, PROMETHEE and GAIA, were applied to process the large data matrix so as to facilitate the selection of the most suitable hydrothermal conditions for sludge destruction. Two possible scenarios were produced from this analysis-one depended on the use of high temperatures and no oxidant, while the second offered a choice of compromise solutions at lower temperatures but with the use of at least some oxidant. Thus, for the final choice of operating conditions, the decision maker needs local knowledge of the costs and available infrastructure. In principle, such information could be added as further criteria to the data matrix and new rankings obtained.
Studies on cement matrix materials used at the Radioactive Waste Treatment Plant for radwaste conditioning
Dragolici, Felicia; Lungu, Laura; Nicu, Mihaela; Rotarescu, Gheorghe; Turcanu, Corneliu
The research activities performed by Department of Radioactive Waste Management is focused on the treatment of LLAW products obtained by chemical precipitation and on the conditioning of these products by cementation. The individual mechanisms implied in the chemical precipitation processes are directly dependent on the precipitate properties and structure, which in turn are connected with the initial system composition and the precipitation procedure, i.e. reagent concentration, rate and orders of chemical addition, mixing rate and time and ageing conditions. In case of conditioning by cementation, the chemical nature and proportion of the sludges or concentrates affect both the hydrolysis of the initial cement components and the reactions of metastable hydration constituents, as well as the mechanical strength and chemical resistance of the hardened cemented matrix.Generally, the study of the precipitation products and their behaviour during cementation and the long-term disposal is extremely difficult because of the system complexity (phase composition and structure) and the lack of the non-destructive analytical methods. The experience accumulated by the countries who advanced nuclear programmes in military and socio-economic fields and which produced important volumes of radioactive wastes, leads us to study some of mineral additives to be used in the conditioning and disposal technology. Is well known that some mineral additives can diminish the leaching rate of the radionuclides in the disposal environment.The studies have the purpose to obtain the most propitious mixture of cement-bentonite and cement-volcanic tuff, which have the mechanical properties similar to the cement paste used for the conditioning of radioactive waste.Taking into account the characteristics of these mineral binders, namely a very good plasticity and capacity of adsorption, which lead at the decrease of porosity, the mixture is planned to be used in the future, at the Radioactive
Investigating Mechanisms of Alkalinization for Reducing Primary Breast Tumor Invasion
Ian F. Robey
Full Text Available The extracellular pH (pHe of many solid tumors is acidic as a result of glycolytic metabolism and poor perfusion. Acidity promotes invasion and enhances metastatic potential. Tumor acidity can be buffered by systemic administration of an alkaline agent such as sodium bicarbonate. Tumor-bearing mice maintained on sodium bicarbonate drinking water exhibit fewer metastases and survive longer than untreated controls. We predict this effect is due to inhibition of tumor invasion. Reducing tumor invasion should result in fewer circulating tumor cells (CTCs. We report that bicarbonate-treated MDA-MB-231 tumor-bearing mice exhibited significantly lower numbers of CTCs than untreated mice (. Tumor pHe buffering may reduce optimal conditions for enzymes involved in tumor invasion such as cathepsins and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs. To address this, we tested the effect of transient alkalinization on cathepsin and MMP activity using enzyme activatable fluorescence agents in mice bearing MDA-MB-231 mammary xenografts. Transient alkalinization significantly reduced the fluorescent signal of protease-specific activatable agents in vivo (. Alkalinization, however, did not affect expression of carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX. The findings suggest a possible mechanism in a live model system for breast cancer where systemic alkalinization slows the rate of invasion.
Development of alkaline fuel cells.
Hibbs, Michael R.; Jenkins, Janelle E.; Alam, Todd Michael; Janarthanan, Rajeswari; Horan, James L.; Caire, Benjamin R.; Ziegler, Zachary C.; Herring, Andrew M.; Yang, Yuan; Zuo, Xiaobing; Robson, Michael H.; Artyushkova, Kateryna; Patterson, Wendy; Atanassov, Plamen Borissov
This project focuses on the development and demonstration of anion exchange membrane (AEM) fuel cells for portable power applications. Novel polymeric anion exchange membranes and ionomers with high chemical stabilities were prepared characterized by researchers at Sandia National Laboratories. Durable, non-precious metal catalysts were prepared by Dr. Plamen Atanassovs research group at the University of New Mexico by utilizing an aerosol-based process to prepare templated nano-structures. Dr. Andy Herrings group at the Colorado School of Mines combined all of these materials to fabricate and test membrane electrode assemblies for single cell testing in a methanol-fueled alkaline system. The highest power density achieved in this study was 54 mW/cm2 which was 90% of the project target and the highest reported power density for a direct methanol alkaline fuel cell.
Alkaline Comet Assay for Assessing DNA Damage in Individual Cells.
Pu, Xinzhu; Wang, Zemin; Klaunig, James E
Single-cell gel electrophoresis, commonly called a comet assay, is a simple and sensitive method for assessing DNA damage at the single-cell level. It is an important technique in genetic toxicological studies. The comet assay performed under alkaline conditions (pH >13) is considered the optimal version for identifying agents with genotoxic activity. The alkaline comet assay is capable of detecting DNA double-strand breaks, single-strand breaks, alkali-labile sites, DNA-DNA/DNA-protein cross-linking, and incomplete excision repair sites. The inclusion of digestion of lesion-specific DNA repair enzymes in the procedure allows the detection of various DNA base alterations, such as oxidative base damage. This unit describes alkaline comet assay procedures for assessing DNA strand breaks and oxidative base alterations. These methods can be applied in a variety of cells from in vitro and in vivo experiments, as well as human studies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Activation of Alkaline Irrigation Fluids in Endodontics
Laurence J. Walsh
Full Text Available In conventional endodontic treatment, alkaline solutions of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA are used in combination to disinfect the root canal system and to eliminate debris and smear layers. An important concept that has emerged over recent years is the use of active physical methods for agitating these fluids to improve their penetration within areas that are not reached by endodontic instruments and to accelerate the chemical actions of these alkaline fluids against planktonic microorganisms, biofilms, soft tissue remnants and smear layers. Ultrasonic agitation and more recently pulsed lasers have emerged as two promising methods for activating endodontic irrigation fluids. Ultrasonic agitation with piezoelectric devices employs a moving tip, while laser agitation uses a stationary tip. Both methods cause cavitation, followed by implosions and shear forces which assist with debridement. Fluid streaming further enhances the activity of the fluids. While agitation enhances performance of irrigants, extrusion of fluids from the root canal during activation is a hazard that must be controlled.
Apomorphine conditioning and sensitization: the paired/unpaired treatment order as a new major determinant of drug conditioned and sensitization effects.
de Matos, Liana Wermelinger; Carey, Robert J; Carrera, Marinete Pinheiro
Repeated treatments with psychostimulant drugs generate behavioral sensitization. In the present study we employed a paired/unpaired protocol to assess the effects of repeated apomorphine (2.0 mg/kg) treatments upon locomotion behavior. In the first experiment we assessed the effects of conditioning upon apomorphine sensitization. Neither the extinction of the conditioned response nor a counter-conditioning procedure in which we paired an inhibitory treatment (apomorphine 0.05 mg/kg) with the previously established conditioned stimulus modified the sensitization response. In the second experiment, we administered the paired/unpaired protocol in two phases. In the second phase, we reversed the paired/unpaired protocol. Following the first phase, the paired group alone exhibited conditioned locomotion in the vehicle test and a sensitization response. In the second phase, the initial unpaired group which received 5 paired apomorphine trials during the reversal phase did not develop a conditioned response but developed a potentiated sensitization response. This disassociation of the conditioned response from the sensitization response is attributed to an apomorphine anti-habituation effect that can generate a false positive Pavlovian conditioned response effect. The potentiated sensitization response induced by the treatment reversal protocol points to an important role for the sequential experience of the paired/unpaired protocol in behavioral sensitization. 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
IMPORTANCE OF STORAGE CONDITIONS AND SEED TREATMENT FOR SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS SEEDS GERMINATION
Goran Krizmanić
Full Text Available In this research we have determined germination energy and germination of seeds of sunflower hybrids ‘Luka’ and ‘Apolon’, at the beginning of storage and 6, 12 and 18 months after of storage period (2011-2012 in the floor concrete storage at two different air temperatures and humidity (S-1: air temperature 15-18°C and relative air humidity 65-70% as well as in climate chamber (S-2: air temperature 10-12°C and relative air humidity 60-65%, stored in four treatments (Control: processed-untreated seed; T-1: treated with A.I. metalaxyl-M; T-2: treated with A.I. metalaxyl-M + A.I. imidacloprid and T-3: treated with A.I. metalaxyl-M + A.I. clothianidin. Based on the obtained results we have determined that sunflower hybrid ‘Luka’, compared to hybrid ‘Apolon’, in the given storage conditions and with the same seed treatment has 5-8% higher germination energy and seed germination and that in climate chamber both hybrids have 5-7% higher germination energy. Seed treatment of both sunflower hybrids with A.I. imidacloprid maximally reduced initial germination energy and seed germination in all tested periods and conditions of storage. On the average, natural seed, after 18 months of storage did not have better seed quality compared to seed treated with A.I. metalaxyl-M while other treatments had more significant influence on reduction of germination energy and seed germination, 6-15%. On the average, compared to other variants, seeds treated with A.I. metalaxyl-M after 18 months of storage in both storage conditions had higher germination energy by 4-15%, and seed germination by 2-12%.
Alkaline Materials and Regenerative Endodontics: A Review
Bill Kahler
Full Text Available Periapical health is the primary goal of endodontic treatment in mature and immature teeth. In addition, the goals of treatment of immature teeth with arrested root development include root growth to length and maturation of the apex, as well as thickening of the canal wall. These goals are valid for immature teeth that have been subjected to trauma and dental caries or that are the result of developmental anomalies that expose the tooth to the risk of pulp necrosis and consequently result in the cessation of root maturation. Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs have been described as a “paradigm shift� in the treatment of immature teeth with pulp necrosis and underdeveloped roots, as there is the potential for further root maturation and return of vitality. Treatment with REPs is advocated as the treatment of choice for immature teeth with pulp necrosis. REP protocols involve the use of alkaline biomaterials, primarily sodium hypochlorite, calcium hydroxide, mineral trioxide aggregates and Biodentine, and are the essential components of a successful treatment regimen.
Corrosion of copper in alkaline chloride environments
King, F.
The available literature information on the corrosion and electrochemical behaviour of copper in alkaline environments has been reviewed. The purpose of the review was to assess the impact of an alkaline plume from cementitious material on the corrosion behaviour of a copper canister in an SKB-3 type repository. The effect of the evolution of the environmental conditions within the repository have been considered, including the effects of temperature, redox conditions, pore-water salinity and pH. If the pore-water pH increases prior to the establishment of anoxic conditions, the canister surface will passivate as the pore-water pH exceeds a value of ∼ pH 9. Passivation will result from the formation of a duplex Cu 2 O/Cu(OH) 2 film. The corrosion potential will be determined by the equilibrium potential for the Cu 2 O/Cu(OH) 2 couple under oxic conditions, or by the Cu/Cu 2 O redox couple under anoxic conditions (in the absence of sulphide). Pitting corrosion is only likely to occur early in the evolution of the repository environment, whilst the canister is still relatively cool ( 2 available to support localised corrosion, and prior to the increase in pore-water pH and salinity. The subsequent increase in canister surface temperature, pore-water pH and salinity, and decrease in O 2 will make pit initiation less likely, although the canister will remain passive provided the pore-water pH is maintained above pH 9. The higher the pore-water pH, the more strongly the canister is passivated and the less likely the surface is to undergo localised attack. If the pore-water salinity increases prior to the increase in pH, there could be a period of active canister corrosion before passivation occurs.Under these circumstances, the corrosion potential will be a true mixed potential, determine by the relative kinetics of Cu dissolution as CuCl 2 - and of the reduction of O 2 . The development of anoxic conditions and an increase in pore-water sulphide concentration will
King, F. [Integrity Corrosion Consulting Ltd., Calgary (Canada)
The available literature information on the corrosion and electrochemical behaviour of copper in alkaline environments has been reviewed. The purpose of the review was to assess the impact of an alkaline plume from cementitious material on the corrosion behaviour of a copper canister in an SKB-3 type repository. The effect of the evolution of the environmental conditions within the repository have been considered, including the effects of temperature, redox conditions, pore-water salinity and pH. If the pore-water pH increases prior to the establishment of anoxic conditions, the canister surface will passivate as the pore-water pH exceeds a value of {approx} pH 9. Passivation will result from the formation of a duplex Cu{sub 2}O/Cu(OH){sub 2} film. The corrosion potential will be determined by the equilibrium potential for the Cu{sub 2}O/Cu(OH){sub 2} couple under oxic conditions, or by the Cu/Cu{sub 2}O redox couple under anoxic conditions (in the absence of sulphide). Pitting corrosion is only likely to occur early in the evolution of the repository environment, whilst the canister is still relatively cool (<40 deg C), whilst there is still O{sub 2} available to support localised corrosion, and prior to the increase in pore-water pH and salinity. The subsequent increase in canister surface temperature, pore-water pH and salinity, and decrease in O{sub 2} will make pit initiation less likely, although the canister will remain passive provided the pore-water pH is maintained above pH 9. The higher the pore-water pH, the more strongly the canister is passivated and the less likely the surface is to undergo localised attack. If the pore-water salinity increases prior to the increase in pH, there could be a period of active canister corrosion before passivation occurs.Under these circumstances, the corrosion potential will be a true mixed potential, determine by the relative kinetics of Cu dissolution as CuCl{sub 2} - and of the reduction of O{sub 2}. The development
[Multistep surgery for spondylosyndesis. Treatment concept of destructive spondylodiscitis in patients with reduced general condition].
Isenberg, J; Jubel, A; Hahn, U; Seifert, H; Prokop, A
Retrospective assessment of multistage surgery in the treatment of progressive spondylodiscitis in patients with critical physical status. A total of 34 patients (mean age 58.6 years) with 37 progressive spondylodiscitis foci and destruction of one to three vertebral segments (1.9 mean) were recorded within an 8-year period. Time between first complaints and operative treatment was 3 months (mean). Preoperative health status was critically reduced in 11 patients (ASA IV) and poor general condition (ASA III) was seen in 23 patients when vital indication was seen preoperatively. Considerable systemic disease (n=31), further infection focus (n=18), and nosocomial trauma (n=5) were causally related. Spondylodiscitis was seen more frequently in the lumbar (n=20) and thoracolumbar than in the thoracic (n=10) and cervical spine (n=1). Staphylococcus aureus was detectable from operative specimens and hemoculture in 15 cases, MRSA in 6 of these. In cases of monosegmentary involvement (n=7) ventral debridement, biopsy, and application of antibiotic chains were followed by autologous interbody bone grafting in a second stage operation. In 29 cases with destruction of two (n=27) and three (n=3) segments, posterior instrumentation including laminectomy in 4 patients was completed by anterior debridement and application of antibiotic chains during a first surgical intervention. After stabilization of physical condition and having reached a macroscopically indisputable implant bed, the ventral fusion with autologous interbody bone grafting or cage in combination with a plate or internal fixation system was performed as the last of several surgical steps. No case of perioperative mortality was observed. Intensive care continued 9.1 days and hospitalization 49.5 days (mean). During a 37.6-month follow-up two late recurrences were observed. A multistep surgical procedure under protection of dorsal instrumentation can limit perioperative mortality in patients in critical general
Experience and projects concerning treatment, conditioning and storage of all radioactive wastes from Tokai reprocessing plant
Fukuda, G.; Matsumoto, K.; Miyahara, K.
The active operation of Tokai reprocessing plant started in September 1977, and about 170 t U of spent fuel were reprocessed between then and December 1982. During this period, the low-level waste processing plant reduced the amount of radioactivity discharged into the environment. For radioactive liquid waste, the treatment procedures consist mainly of evaporation to keep the discharge into the sea at a low level. For combustible low-level solid waste and the solvent waste, which is of low tributyl phosphate content, incineration has been used successfully (burned: about 150 t of combined LLSW, about 50 m 3 of solvent waste, i.e. diluent waste). Most of the past R and D work was devoted to reducing the activity discharged into the environment. Current R and D work is concerned with the treatment of solvent waste, the conditioning of solid wastes, the bituminization of low-level liquid waste and the vitrification of high-level liquid waste. The paper describes present practices, R and D work and future aspects of the treatment, conditioning and storage of all radioactive wastes from Tokai reprocessing plant. (author)
Natural healers: a review of animal assisted therapy and activities as complementary treatment for chronic conditions.
Reed, Reiley; Ferrer, Lilian; Villegas, Natalia
The primary objective of this review is to synthesize the existing literature on the use of animal-assisted therapy and activity (AAT/A) as complementary treatment among people living with chronic disease and to discuss the possible application of this practice among children living with HIV. Relevant databases were searched between March 10 and April 11, 2011, using the words: animal assisted therapy or treatment and chronic conditions or diseases. Thirty-one articles were found and 18 followed the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Research suggests that AAT/A is effective for different patient profiles, particularly children. Interaction with dogs has been found to increase positive behaviors, such as sensitivity and focus, in children with social disabilities. Decreased levels of pain have also been reported among child patients as a result of AAT/A. More research should be done in the area of children living with chronic diseases that require strict adherence to treatment, such as HIV, and on AAT/A's prospective use as an educational tool to teach children about the importance of self-care for their medical conditions.
Ventilation and air conditioning system in waste treatment and storage facilities
Kinoshita, Hirotsugu; Sugawara, Kazushige.
So far, the measures concerning the facilities for treating and storing radioactive wastes in nuclear fuel cycle in Japan were in the state which cannot be said to be sufficient. In order to cope with this situation, electric power companies constructed and operated radioactive waste concentration and volume reduction facilities, solid waste storing facilities for drums, high level solid waste storing facilities, spent fuel cask preserving facilities and so on successively in the premises of nuclear power stations, and for the wastes expected in future, the research and the construction plan of the facilities for treating and storing low, medium and high level wastes have been advanced. The ventilation and air conditioning system for these facilities is the important auxiliary system which has the mission of maintaining safe and pleasant environment in the facilities and lowering as far as possible the release of radioactive substances to outside. The outline of waste treatment and storage facilities is explained. The design condition, ventilation and air conditioning method, the features of respective waste treatment and storage facilities, and the problems for the future are described. Hereafter, mechanical ventilation system continues to be the main system, and filters become waste, while the exchange of filters is accompanied by the radiation exposure of workers. (Kako, I.)
Radium, uranium and metals in acidic or alkaline uranium mill
Somot, St.
Uranium mill study sites have been chosen in function of their different characteristics: deposits age, treatment nature (alkaline or acid), mill origin. The realization of specific drilling allowed the simultaneous study of the interstitial water and the solid fraction of samples, cut at determined deep. A radiation imbalance between 230 Th and 226 Ra is observed in the acid treatment residues. The trace elements concentration spectrum is directly bound to the nature of the ore. Diamagnetic evolutions are observed in residues. The uranium concentrations are higher in carbonated waters than in calcic sulfated waters. The selective sequential lixiviation showed that the 226 Ra activity of the interstitial water is controlled by the Gypsum in acid treatment residues. In other hand in the alkaline treatment waters, the carbonates occur. The Ra retention is largely bound to the Fe and Mn oxy-hydroxides. (A.L.B.)
Management of Purex spent solvents by the alkaline hydrolysis process
Srinivas, C.; Manohar, Smitha; Vincent, Tessy; Wattal, P.K.; Theyyunni, T.K.
Various treatment processes were evaluated on a laboratory scale for the management of the spent solvent from the extraction of nuclear materials. Based on the lab scale evaluation it is proposed to adopt the alkaline hydrolysis process as the treatment mode for the spent solvent. The process has advantages over the other processes in terms of simplicity, low cost and ease of disposal of the secondary waste generated. (author)
Production, secretion, and stability of human secreted alkaline phosphatase in tobacco NT1 cell suspension cultures.
Becerra-Arteaga, Alejandro; Mason, Hugh S; Shuler, Michael L
Tobacco NT1 cell suspension cultures secreting active human secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) were generated for the first time as a model system to study recombinant protein production, secretion, and stability in plant cell cultures. The SEAP gene encodes a secreted form of the human placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP). During batch culture, the highest level of active SEAP in the culture medium (0.4 U/mL, corresponding to approximately 27 mg/L) was observed at the end of the exponential growth phase. Although the level of active SEAP decreased during the stationary phase, the activity loss did not appear to be due to SEAP degradation (based on Western blots) but due to SEAP denaturation. The protein-stabilizing agents polyvinylpirrolidone (PVP) and bacitracin were added extracellularly to test for their ability to reduce the loss of SEAP activity during the stationary phase. Bacitracin (100 mg/L) was the most effective treatment at sustaining activity levels for up to 17 days post-subculture. Commercially available human placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) was used to probe the mechanism of SEAP deactivation. Experiments with PLAP in sterile and conditioned medium corroborated the denaturation of SEAP by factors generated by cell growth and not due to simple proteolysis. We also show for the first time that the factors promoting activity loss are heat labile at 95 degrees C but not at 70 degrees C, and they are not inactivated after a 5 day incubation period under normal culture conditions (27 degrees C). In addition, there were no significant changes in pH or redox potential when comparing sterile and cell-free conditioned medium during PLAP incubation, indicating that these factors were unimportant.
Effect of solution treatment conditions on the sensitization of austenitic stainless steel
XIAOFEI YU
Full Text Available In this study, the impact of the conditions of solution treatment on the degree of sensitization (DOS of austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304 was investigated in detail. The results derived from the electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (EPR test indicated that the DOS decreased as the solution treatment temperature and time increased. The reason for this was studied via the SEM morphologies and EDS results, which indicated that the grain size influenced the DOS. Furthermore, cellular automaton (CA was utilized to simulate grain growth, the precipitation of Cr-rich carbides and the three dimensional distribution of the chromium concentration, which vividly illuminated the effect of the grain size on the DOS and was in accordance with the experiment results.
Using condition and usefulness of dental cone-beam CT in endodontic treatment
Kimura, Yuichi; Araki, Kazuyuki; Yamada, Yoshishige; Tagaya, Atsuko; Seki, Kenji; Okano, Tomohiro; Endo, Atsushi
This study evaluated the condition and usefulness of the dental cone-beam CT (3DX) in clinical endodontic treatments. Images from 55 examinations of 49 patients obtained using 3DX during an 11-month period were evaluated retrospectively to identify the usefulness of this modality compared with periapical or panoramic radiographs. The main indication for using of 3DX was diagnosis of root fracture in 65% of the examinations, second was the presence and expansion of periapical lesion in 22%, and third was to detect the canal system or root abnormality in 13%. The 3DX visualizes bony anatomical structures precisely and detects the presence and expansion of periapical lesions and the canal system of each root of mulirooted teeth that cannot easily be observed by intraoral radiography or panoramic radiography. The results of this study suggest that 3DX is a useful and reliable tool for endodontic treatments. (author)
Sufficient conditions for optimality for a mathematical model of drug treatment with pharmacodynamics
Maciej Leszczyński
Full Text Available We consider an optimal control problem for a general mathematical model of drug treatment with a single agent. The control represents the concentration of the agent and its effect (pharmacodynamics is modelled by a Hill function (i.e., Michaelis-Menten type kinetics. The aim is to minimize a cost functional consisting of a weighted average related to the state of the system (both at the end and during a fixed therapy horizon and to the total amount of drugs given. The latter is an indirect measure for the side effects of treatment. It is shown that optimal controls are continuous functions of time that change between full or no dose segments with connecting pieces that take values in the interior of the control set. Sufficient conditions for the strong local optimality of an extremal controlled trajectory in terms of the existence of a solution to a piecewise defined Riccati differential equation are given.
Binge-Eating Disorder and Comorbid Conditions: Differential Diagnosis and Implications for Treatment.
Citrome, Leslie
Many patients with symptoms of binge-eating disorder (BED) are not diagnosed. Perhaps the biggest obstacles are the failure of physicians to recognize BED as a distinct disorder and the lack of awareness among patients that binge-eating is a well-studied abnormal behavior that is amenable to treatment. In addition, patients may avoid seeking treatment because they feel a general sense of shame over their eating habits and do not want to bring up these symptoms during visits with their physicians. In general, negative attitudes and biases regarding overweight and obesity are common. The presence of medical and psychiatric comorbidities also contributes to the challenge of diagnosis, as many doctors focus on treating those comorbidities, thereby delaying treatment for the BED and leading to suboptimal care. Once BED is diagnosed along with any comorbid conditions, medications for the treatment of the comorbidities must be carefully considered so that BED symptoms are not exacerbated. © Copyright 2017 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.
Vertical flow constructed wetlands for domestic wastewater treatment on tropical conditions: effect of several design parameters
Bohorquez, Eliana; Paredes, Diego; Arias, Carlos Alberto
Vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFWC) design and operation takes into account several variables which affect performance its performance. These aspects had been evaluated and documented among others in countries like USA, Denmark, Austria. In contrast, VFCW had not been studied in tropical...... countries and, specifically in Colombia, design and operation parameters are not defined yet. The objective of this study was evaluate the effects of filter medium, the feeding frequency and Heliconia psittacorum presence, a typical local plant, on the domestic wastewater treatment in tropical conditions....
Rheological and fractal characteristics of unconditioned and conditioned water treatment residuals.
Dong, Y J; Wang, Y L; Feng, J
The rheological and fractal characteristics of raw (unconditioned) and conditioned water treatment residuals (WTRs) were investigated in this study. Variations in morphology, size, and image fractal dimensions of the flocs/aggregates in these WTR systems with increasing polymer doses were analyzed. The results showed that when the raw WTRs were conditioned with the polymer CZ8688, the optimum polymer dosage was observed at 24 kg/ton dry sludge. The average diameter of irregularly shaped flocs/aggregates in the WTR suspensions increased from 42.54 μm to several hundred micrometers with increasing polymer doses. Furthermore, the aggregates in the conditioned WTR system displayed boundary/surface and mass fractals. At the optimum polymer dosage, the aggregates formed had a volumetric average diameter of about 820.7 μm, with a one-dimensional fractal dimension of 1.01 and a mass fractal dimension of 2.74 on the basis of the image analysis. Rheological tests indicated that the conditioned WTRs at the optimum polymer dosage showed higher levels of shear-thinning behavior than the raw WTRs. Variations in the limiting viscosity (η(∞)) of conditioned WTRs with sludge content could be described by a linear equation, which were different from the often-observed empirical exponential relationship for most municipal sludge. With increasing temperature, the η(∞) of the raw WTRs decreased more rapidly than that of the raw WTRs. Good fitting results for the relationships between lgη(∞)∼T using the Arrhenius equation indicate that the WTRs had a much higher activation energy for viscosity of about 17.86-26.91 J/mol compared with that of anaerobic granular sludge (2.51 J/mol) (Mu and Yu, 2006). In addition, the Bingham plastic model adequately described the rheological behavior of the conditioned WTRs, whereas the rheology of the raw WTRs fit the Herschel-Bulkley model well at only certain sludge contents. Considering the good power-law relationships between the
Evaluation of the effect of sulfate, alkalinity and disinfector on iron release of iron pipe and iron corrosion scale characteristics under water quality changing condition using response surface methodology
Yang, Fan; Shi, Baoyou; Zhang, Weiyu; Guo, Jianbo; Wu, Nana; Liu, Xinyuan
The response surface methodology (RSM), particularly Box-Behnken design model, was used in this study to evaluate the sulfate, alkalinity and free chlorine on iron release of pipe with groundwater supply history and its iron corrosion scale characteristics under water quality changing experiment. The RSM results together with response surface contour plots indicated that the iron release of pipe section reactors was positively related with Larson Ratio and free chlorine. The thin Corrosion scales with groundwater supply history upon collection site contained Fe3O4 (18%), α-FeOOH (64%), FeCO3 (9%), β-FeOOH (8%) and γ-FeOOH (5%), besides their averaged amorphous iron oxide content was 13.6%. After the RSM water quality changing experiment, Fe3O4, amorphous iron oxide and intermediate iron products (FeCO3, Green Rust (GR)) content on scale of Cl2Rs increased, while their α-FeOOH contents decreased and β-FeOOH disappeared. The high iron released Cl2Rs receiving higher LR water (1.40-2.04) contained highest FeCO3 (20%) and amorphous iron oxide (42%), while the low iron release Cl2Rs receiving lower LR water (0.52-0.73) had higher GR(6.5%) and the amorphous iron oxide (23.7%). In high LR water (>0.73), the thin and non-protective corrosion scale containing higher amorphous iron oxide, Fe(II) derived from new produced Fe3O4 or FeCO3 or GR was easy for oxidants and sulfate ions penetration, and had higher iron release. However the same unstable corrosion scale didn’t have much iron release in low LR water (≤0.73). RSM experiment indicated that iron release of these unstable corrosion scales had close relationship with water quality (Larson Ratio and disinfectant). Optimizing the water quality of new source water and using reasonable water purification measures can help to eliminate the red water case.
Alkaline lixiviation of uranium in granitic pegmatite
Jambor, S.
The work described herein concerns the determination of the experimental optimum conditions for the alkaline lixiviation of uranium based on the following parameters: time, pH, temperature, density and grane size. The samples were obtained from the Supamo complex, near the Currupia river in the Piar District of the Bolivar State in Venezuela. They have a granitic composition and graphitic texture. The uranium was found in them as a secondary oxidized mineral of green-yellow colour localized in fractures fissures, intergranular spaces and also in the mica as. Secondary uranitite. The lixiviation process was carried out using Na 2 CO 3 /NaHCO 3 buffer solution and for 100 gr. samples the best values for an efficient process were found by using 170 mesh grane size and 500 ml of pH buffer at 70 0 C for a 24 hour time period. (author)
Ethylenediaminetetraacetates of neodymium and alkaline earth metals
Barinov, A.V.; Pechurova, L.I.; Martynenko, K.I.; Popov, K.I.; Spitsyn, V.I.
The possibilities have been studied of the formation of polynuclear complexonates of alkaline-earth metals (Ca, Sr, and Ba) based on neodymium derivatives EDTA of the composition NdA - . By pH-metry, electron spectroscopy, and derivatography it has been shown that the structure of complexes M 2 (NdA) 2 (where M- Ca, Sr, or Ba; A- EDTA) in the solution is not polynuclear. Hydroxopolynuclear complexes do not form under conditions studied. The data obtained agree with an assumption about polynuclear structure of the solid complex Ca(NdA) 2 x17 H 2 O and gradual weakening of the polynuclear nature upon substitution of Ca 2+ with Sr 2+ and Ba 2+
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Alkaline Pretreated Coconut Coir
Akbarningrum Fatmawati
Full Text Available The purpose of this research is to study the effect of concentration and temperature on the cellulose and lignin content, and the reducing sugars produced in the enzymatic hydrolysis of coconut coir. In this research, the coconut coir is pretreated using 3%, 7%, and 11% NaOH solution at 60oC, 80oC, and 100oC. The pretreated coir were assayed by measuring the amount of cellulose and lignin and then hydrolysed using Celluclast and Novozyme 188 under various temperature (30oC, 40oC, 50oC and pH (3, 4, 5. The hydrolysis results were assayed for the reducing sugar content. The results showed that the alkaline delignification was effective to reduce lignin and to increase the cellulose content of the coir. The best delignification condition was observed at 11% NaOH solution and 100oC which removed 14,53% of lignin and increased the cellulose content up to 50,23%. The best condition of the enzymatic hydrolysis was obtained at 50oC and pH 4 which produced 7,57 gr/L reducing sugar. © 2013 BCREC UNDIP. All rights reservedReceived: 2nd October 2012; Revised: 31st January 2013; Accepted: 6th February 2013[How to Cite: Fatmawati, A., Agustriyanto, R., Liasari, Y. (2013. Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Alkaline Pre-treated Coconut Coir. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 8 (1: 34-39 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.8.1.4048.34-39[Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.8.1.4048.34-39] | View in |
Comparison of mine water neutralisation efficiencies of different alkaline generating agents
Full Text Available effluent requires a prudent management and an effective treatment option prior release to different receiving compartments of the environment. The present study was therefore designed with the aim of evaluating the efficiencies of different alkaline...
Protozoa and metazoa relations to technological conditions of non-woven textile filters for wastewater treatment.
Spychała, Marcin; Sowińska, Aleksandra; Starzyk, Justyna; Masłowski, Adam
The objective of this study was a preliminary identification of basic groups of micro-organisms in the cross-sectional profile of geotextile filters for septic tank effluent (STE) treatment and their relations to technological conditions. Reactors with textile filters treating wastewater were investigated on a semi-technical scale. Filters were vertically situated and STE was filtered through them under hydrostatic pressure at a wastewater surface height of 7-20 cm. Filters were made of four layers of non-woven TS 20 geotextile of 0.9 mm thickness. Various groups of organisms were observed; the most abundant group comprised free-swimming and crawling ciliates, less abundant were stalked ciliates and the least numerous were nematodes. The individual counts of all groups of micro-organisms investigated during the study were variable according to time and space. The high abundance of Opercularia, a commonly observed genus of stalked ciliates, was related to the high efficiency of wastewater treatment and dissolved oxygen concentration of about 1.0 g/m3. Numbers of free-swimming and crawling ciliates had a tendency to decrease in relation to the depth of filter cross-sectional profile. The variability in counts of particular groups of organisms could be related to the local stress conditions. No correlation between identified organism count and total mass concentration in the cross-sectional filter profile was found.
Exercise as a Time-conditioning Effector in Chronic Disease: a Complementary Treatment Strategy
Luis F. B. P. Costa Rosa
Full Text Available Exercise has been widely believed to be a preventive and therapeutic aid in the treatment of various pathophysiological conditions such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. A common problem associated with such pathologies is cachexia, characterized by progressive weight loss and depletion of lean and fat body mass, and is linked to poor prognosis. As this syndrome comprises changes in many physiological systems, it is tempting to assume that the modulation of the psychoneuroimmunoendocrine axis could attenuate or even prevent cachexia progression in cancer patients. Cancer cachexia is characterized by a disruption in the rhythmic secretion of melatonin, an important time-conditioning effector. This hormone, secreted by the pineal gland, transmits circadian and seasonal information to all organs and cells of the body, synchronizing the organism with the photoperiod. Considering that exercise modulates the immune response through at least two different mechanisms—metabolic and neuroendocrine—we propose that the adoption of a regular exercise program as a complementary strategy in the treatment of cancer patients, with the exercise bouts regularly performed at the same time of the day, will ameliorate cachexia symptoms and increase survival and quality of life.
Chronic Pain: How Challenging Are DDIs in the Analgesic Treatment of Inpatients with Multiple Chronic Conditions?
Siebenhuener, Klarissa; Eschmann, Emmanuel; Kienast, Alexander; Schneider, Dominik; Minder, Christoph E.; Saller, Reinhard; Zimmerli, Lukas; Blaser, Jürg; Battegay, Edouard
Background Chronic pain is common in multimorbid patients. However, little is known about the implications of chronic pain and analgesic treatment on multimorbid patients. This study aimed to assess chronic pain therapy with regard to the interaction potential in a sample of inpatients with multiple chronic conditions. Methods and Findings We conducted a retrospective study with all multimorbid inpatients aged ≥18 years admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine of University Hospital Zurich in 2011 (n = 1,039 patients). Data were extracted from the electronic health records and reviewed. We identified 433 hospitalizations of patients with chronic pain and analyzed their combinations of chronic conditions (multimorbidity). We then classified all analgesic prescriptions according to the World Health Organization (WHO) analgesic ladder. Furthermore, we used a Swiss drug-drug interactions knowledge base to identify potential interactions between opioids and other drug classes, in particular coanalgesics and other concomitant drugs. Chronic pain was present in 38% of patients with multimorbidity. On average, patients with chronic pain were aged 65.7 years and had a mean number of 6.6 diagnoses. Hypertension was the most common chronic condition. Chronic back pain was the most common painful condition. Almost 90% of patients were exposed to polypharmacotherapy. Of the chronic pain patients, 71.1% received opioids for moderate to severe pain, 43.4% received coanalgesics. We identified 3,186 potential drug-drug interactions, with 17% classified between analgesics (without coanalgesics). Conclusions Analgesic drugs-related DDIs, in particular opioids, in multimorbid patients are often complex and difficult to assess by using DDI knowledge bases alone. Drug-multimorbidity interactions are not sufficiently investigated and understood. Today, the scientific literature is scarce for chronic pain in combination with multiple coexisting medical conditions and medication
Genome-wide identification of genes involved in polyamine biosynthesis and the role of exogenous polyamines in Malus hupehensis Rehd. under alkaline stress.
Gong, Xiaoqing; Dou, Fangfang; Cheng, Xi; Zhou, Jing; Zou, Yangjun; Ma, Fengwang
Polyamines (PAs) in plants are growth substrates with functions similar to phytohormones. Although they contribute to diverse processes, little is known about their role in stress responses, especially for perennial woody plants. We conducted a genome-wide investigation of 18 sequences involved in PA biosynthesis in the genome of apple (Malus domestica). Further analysis was performed to construct a phylogenetic tree, analyze their protein motifs and gene structures. In addition, we developed their expression profiles in response to stressed conditions. Both MDP0000171041 (MdSAMDC1) and MDP0000198590 (MdSPDS1) were induced by alkaline, salt, ABA, cold, and dehydration stress treatments, suggesting that these genes are the main contributors to activities of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.50) and spermidine synthase (EC 2.5.1.16) in apple. Changes in PA biosynthesis under stress conditions indicated that spermidine and spermine are more essential than putrescine for apple, especially when responding to alkaline or salt stress. When seedlings of M. hupehensis Rehd. were supplied with exogenous PAs, their leaves showed less chlorosis under alkaline stress when compared with untreated plants. This application also inhibited the decline in SPAD levels and reduced relative electrolyte leakage in those stressed seedlings, while increasing their concentration of active iron. These results suggest that the alteration in PA biosynthesis confers enhanced tolerance to alkaline stress in M. hupehensis Rehd. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Investigation of heat treatment conditions of structural material for blanket fabrication process
Hirose, Takanori; Suzuki, Satoshi; Akiba, Masato; Shiba, Kiyoyuki; Sawai, Tomotsugu; Jitsukawa, Shiro
This paper presents recent results of thermal hysteresis effects on ceramic breeder blanket structural material. Reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAF) steel is the leading candidates for the first wall structural materials of breeding blankets. RAF steel demonstrates superior resistance to high dose neutron irradiation, because the steel has tempered martensite structure which contains the number of sink site for radiation defects. This microstructure obtained by two-step heat treatment, first is normalizing at temperature above 1200 K and the second is tempering at temperature below 1100 K. Recent study revealed the thermal hysteresis has significant impacts on the post-irradiation mechanical properties. The breeding blanket has complicated structure, which consists of tungsten armor and thin first wall with cooling pipe. The blanket fabrication requires some high temperature joining processes. Especially hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is examined as a near-net-shape fabrication process for this structure. The process consists of heating above 1300 K and isostatic pressing at the pressure above 150 MPa followed by tempering. Moreover ceramics pebbles are packed into blanket module and the module is to be seamed by welding followed by post weld heat treatment in the final assemble process. Therefore the final microstructural features of RAFs strongly depend on the blanket fabrication process. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effects of thermal hysteresis corresponding to blanket fabrication process on RAFs microstructure in order to establish appropriate blanket fabrication process. Japanese RAFs F82H (Fe-0.1C-8Cr-2W-0.2V-0.05Ta) was investigated by metallurgical method after isochronal heat treatment up to 1473 K simulating high temperature bonding process. Although F82H showed significant grain growth after conventional solid HIP conditions (1313 K x 2 hr.), this coarse grained microstructure was refined by the post HIP normalizing at
Melatonin treatment in spring and reproductive recovery in sheep with different body condition score and age.
Luridiana, S; Mura, M C; Daga, C; Farci, F; Di Stefano, M V; Zidda, F; Carcangiu, V
With the aim to evaluate the effect of melatonin treatment on the advanced reproductive recovery in sheep with different body condition score (BCS) and age, 800 ewes were selected from two farms. These ewes (3-6 years old, multiparous and with BCS 2.5-4.0) were subdivided into two Groups (200 M and 200 C), balanced on their BCS and age. On 20 March, Group M was treated with one melatonin implant (18 mg). Group C was untreated. Males were introduced to the groups 35 days after treatment. Gestation was diagnosed between day 45 and 90 after mating by transabdominal ultrasonography. From day 150 to 190 after rams introduction, lambing date and newborns' number were recorded. The average time in days between male introduction and lambing resulted shorter in treated than in control ewes (166.4 ± 0.48 vs. 172.5 ± 0.50) (P scored 2.5-3.0 (166.1 ± 0.48 vs. 174.8 ± 0.51) (P < 0.05). We concluded that the ewes with BCS 3.5-4.0 and aged 5-6 years showed a better response to melatonin treatment in spring. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Approach of describing dynamic production of volatile fatty acids from sludge alkaline fermentation.
Wang, Dongbo; Liu, Yiwen; Ngo, Huu Hao; Zhang, Chang; Yang, Qi; Peng, Lai; He, Dandan; Zeng, Guangming; Li, Xiaoming; Ni, Bing-Jie
In this work, a mathematical model was developed to describe the dynamics of fermentation products in sludge alkaline fermentation systems for the first time. In this model, the impacts of alkaline fermentation on sludge disintegration, hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis processes are specifically considered for describing the high-level formation of fermentation products. The model proposed successfully reproduced the experimental data obtained from five independent sludge alkaline fermentation studies. The modeling results showed that alkaline fermentation largely facilitated the disintegration, acidogenesis, and acetogenesis processes and severely inhibited methanogenesis process. With the pH increase from 7.0 to 10.0, the disintegration, acidogenesis, and acetogenesis processes respectively increased by 53%, 1030%, and 30% while methane production decreased by 3800%. However, no substantial effect on hydrolysis process was found. The model also indicated that the pathway of acetoclastic methanogenesis was more severely inhibited by alkaline condition than that of hydrogentrophic methanogenesis. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Sclerotial formation of Polyporus umbellatus by low temperature treatment under artificial conditions.
Xing, Yong-Mei; Zhang, Li-Chun; Liang, Han-Qiao; Lv, Jing; Song, Chao; Guo, Shun-Xing; Wang, Chun-Lan; Lee, Tae-Soo; Lee, Min-Woong
Polyporus umbellatus sclerotia have been used as a diuretic agent in China for over two thousand years. A shortage of the natural P. umbellatus has prompted researchers to induce sclerotial formation in the laboratory. P. umbellatus cultivation in a sawdust-based substrate was investigated to evaluate the effect of low temperature conditions on sclerotial formation. A phenol-sulfuric acid method was employed to determine the polysaccharide content of wild P. umbellatus sclerotia and mycelia and sclerotia grown in low-temperature treatments. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, expressed as the fluorescence intensity of mycelia during sclerotial differentiation was determined. Analysis of ROS generation and sclerotial formation in mycelia after treatment with the antioxidants such as diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI), apocynin (Apo), or vitamin C were studied. Furthermore, macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of sclerotial differentiation were observed. Sclerotia were not induced by continuous cultivation at 25°C. The polysaccharide content of the artificial sclerotia is 78% of that of wild sclerotia. In the low-temperature treatment group, the fluorescent intensity of ROS was higher than that of the room temperature (25°C) group which did not induce sclerotial formation all through the cultivation. The antioxidants DPI and Apo reduced ROS levels and did not induce sclerotial formation. Although the concentration-dependent effects of vitamin C (5-15 mg mL(-1)) also reduced ROS generation and inhibited sclerotial formation, using a low concentration of vitamin C (1 mg mL(-1)) successfully induced sclerotial differentiation and increased ROS production. Exposure to low temperatures induced P. umbellatus sclerotial morphogenesis during cultivation. Low temperature treatment enhanced ROS in mycelia, which may be important in triggering sclerotial differentiation in P. umbellatus. Moreover, the application of antioxidants impaired ROS generation
Biomechanical paradigm and interpretation of female pelvic floor conditions before a treatment
Lucente V
Full Text Available Vincent Lucente,1 Heather van Raalte,2 Miles Murphy,1 Vladimir Egorov3 1The Institute for Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Allentown, PA, USA; 2Princeton Urogynecology, Princeton, NJ, USA; 3Artann Laboratories, Trenton, NJ, USA Background: Further progress in restoring a woman’s health may be possible if a patient with a damaged pelvic floor could undergo medical imaging and biomechanical diagnostic tests. The results of such tests could contribute to the analysis of multiple treatment options and suggest the optimal one for that patient.Aim: To develop a new approach for the biomechanical characterization of vaginal conditions, muscles, and connective tissues in the female pelvic floor.Methods: Vaginal tactile imaging (VTI allows biomechanical assessment of the soft tissue along the entire length of the anterior, posterior, and lateral vaginal walls at rest, with manually applied deflection pressures and with muscle contraction, muscle relaxation, and Valsalva maneuver. VTI allows a large body of measurements to evaluate individual variations in tissue elasticity, support defects, as well as pelvic muscle function. Presuming that 1 the female pelvic floor organs are suspended by ligaments against which muscles contract to open or close the outlets and 2 damaged ligaments weaken the support and may reduce the force of muscle contraction, we made an attempt to characterize multiple pelvic floor structures from VTI data.Results: All of the 138 women enrolled in the study were successfully examined with the VTI. The study subjects have had normal pelvic support or pelvic organ prolapse (stages I–IV. The average age of this group of subjects was 60±15 years. We transposed a set of 31 VTI parameters into a quantitative characterization of pelvic muscles and ligamentous structures. Interpretation of the acquired VTI data for normal pelvic floor support and prolapse conditions is proposed based on biomechanical assessment of the
Optimization and evaluation of alkaline potassium permanganate pretreatment of corncob.
Ma, Lijuan; Cui, Youzhi; Cai, Rui; Liu, Xueqiang; Zhang, Cuiying; Xiao, Dongguang
Alkaline potassium permanganate solution (APP) was applied to the pretreatment of corncob with a simple and effective optimization of APP concentration, reaction time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio (SLR). The optimized pretreatment conditions were at 2% (w/v) potassium permanganate with SLR of 1:10 treating for 6h at 50°C. This simple one-step treatment resulted in significant 94.56% of the cellulose and 81.47% of the hemicellulose recoveries and 46.79% of the lignin removal of corncob. The reducing sugar in the hydrolysate from APP-pretreated corncob was 8.39g/L after 12h enzymatic hydrolysis, which was 1.44 and 1.29 folds higher than those from raw and acid pretreated corncobs. Physical characteristics, crystallinity and structure of the pretreated corncob were analyzed and assessed by SEM, XRD and FTIR. The APP pretreatment process was novel and enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose by affecting composition and structural features. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Performance and produced polymer evaluation of four alkaline-surfactant-polymer projects concluded that only one of the projects could have benefited from combining the alkaline-surfactant-polymer and gelation technologies. Cambridge, the 1993 Daqing, Mellott Ranch, and the Wardlaw alkaline-surfacant-polymer floods were studied. An initial gel treatment followed by an alkaline-surfactant-polymer flood in the Wardlaw field would have been a benefit due to reduction of fracture flow. Numerical simulation demonstrated that reducing the permeability of a high permeability zone of a reservoir with gel improved both waterflood and alkaline-surfactant-polymer flood oil recovery. A Minnelusa reservoir with both A and B sand production was simulated. A and B sands are separated by a shale layer. A sand and B sand waterflood oil recovery was improved by 196,000 bbls or 3.3% OOIP when a gel was placed in the B sand. Alkaline-surfactant-polymer flood oil recovery improvement over a waterflood was 392,000 bbls or 6.5% OOIP. Placing a gel into the B sand prior to an alkaline-surfactant-polymer flood resulted in 989,000 bbl or 16.4% OOIP more oil than only water injection. A sand and B sand alkaline-surfactant-polymer flood oil recovery was improved by 596,000 bbls or 9.9% OOIP when a gel was placed in the B sand.
When can ocean acidification impacts be detected from decadal alkalinity measurements?
Carter, B. R.; Frölicher, T. L.; Dunne, J. P.; Rodgers, K. B.; Slater, R. D.; Sarmiento, J. L.
We use a large initial condition suite of simulations (30 runs) with an Earth system model to assess the detectability of biogeochemical impacts of ocean acidification (OA) on the marine alkalinity distribution from decadally repeated hydrographic measurements such as those produced by the Global Ship-Based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GO-SHIP). Detection of these impacts is complicated by alkalinity changes from variability and long-term trends in freshwater and organic matter cycling and ocean circulation. In our ensemble simulation, variability in freshwater cycling generates large changes in alkalinity that obscure the changes of interest and prevent the attribution of observed alkalinity redistribution to OA. These complications from freshwater cycling can be mostly avoided through salinity normalization of alkalinity. With the salinity-normalized alkalinity, modeled OA impacts are broadly detectable in the surface of the subtropical gyres by 2030. Discrepancies between this finding and the finding of an earlier analysis suggest that these estimates are strongly sensitive to the patterns of calcium carbonate export simulated by the model. OA impacts are detectable later in the subpolar and equatorial regions due to slower responses of alkalinity to OA in these regions and greater seasonal equatorial alkalinity variability. OA impacts are detectable later at depth despite lower variability due to smaller rates of change and consistent measurement uncertainty.
Stadler, Lauren B.; Su, Lijuan; Moline, Christopher J.
We lack a clear understanding of how wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) process parameters, such as redox environment, impact pharmaceutical fate. WWTPs increasingly install more advanced aeration control systems to save energy and achieve better nutrient removal performance. The impact of redox...... under different redox conditions: fully aerobic, anoxic/aerobic, and microaerobic (DO concentration ≈0.3 mg/L). Among the pharmaceuticals that were tracked during this study (atenolol, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, desvenlafaxine, venlafaxine, and phenytoin), overall loss varied between them...... and between redox environments. Losses of atenolol and trimethoprim were highest in the aerobic reactor; sulfamethoxazole loss was highest in the microaerobic reactors; and phenytoin was recalcitrant in all reactors. Transformation products of sulfamethoxazole and desvenlafaxine resulted in the reformation...
Autoradiography of DNA from Hela cells under normal conditions and after treatment with hydroxyurea
Martinova, Y.S.; Angelova, P.A.; Roeva, I.G.
The results are presented of the first stage of the elaboration of the novel autoradiographic technique for studying the replication of DNA fibers from nonsynchronized Hela cell cultures under normal conditions and after treatment with hydroxyurea. The preparations were covered with liquid nuclear emulsion Ilford L 4 . Exposure was carried out for 3 months at 4 deg C. After development, the autoradiograms were recorded quantitatively, and the length of the individual replicative segments was measured by means of an object micrometers. For each group (control and experimental) 100 segments from different cells were recorded. The results obtained were subjected to mathematical-statistical processing for determining the standard deviation. The application of hidroxyurea highly reduces the replicative elements, i.e. it actually inhibits DNA synthesis. This inhibition is due to reduction in the production of the four endogenous deoxynucleotides and affects the length of growth of the DNA chain, but the interreplicative distance as well
Conditioned pain modulation: a predictor for development and treatment of neuropathic pain.
Granovsky, Yelena
Psychophysical evaluation of endogenous pain inhibition via conditioned pain modulation (CPM) represents a new generation of laboratory tests for pain assessment. In this review we discuss recent findings on CPM in neuropathic pain and refer to psychophysical, neurophysiological, and methodological aspects of its clinical implications. Typically, chronic neuropathic pain patients express less efficient CPM, to the extent that incidence of acquiring neuropathic pain (e.g. post-surgery) and its intensity can be predicted by a pre-surgery CPM assessment. Moreover, pre-treatment CPM evaluation may assist in the correct choice of serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor analgesic agents for individual patients. Evaluation of pain modulation capabilities can serve as a step forward in individualizing pain medicine.
Risk for haematological malignancies after radiation treatment of painful benign conditions in the skeleton
Johansson, L.; Larsson, L.G.; Damber, L.
X-ray therapy of painful and inflammatory changes in joints and adjacent structures was very common in Sweden during the period from 1940 until the beginning of the 1960:s. These patients comprise a comprehensive material pertinent for epidemiological studies. The present study deals with a cohort of c. 27,400 patients from 3 hospitals in northern Sweden, who 1950 - 1964 received x-ray treatment for benign painful conditions. The distribution of the absorbed dose in the red marrow was estimated. The average mean absorbed dose in red bone marrow was 0.4 Gy for the total cohort. The number of leukaemia cases observed in the cohort was obtained from the Swedish Cancer Register for the period 1958 - 1995. The study indicates a slightly increased leukaemia risk with borderline statistical significance in the highest dose group. (au)
Study of secondary recrystallization in grain-oriented steel treated under dynamical heat treatment conditions
V. Stoyka
Full Text Available The present study was made to investigate secondary recrystallization in grain-oriented steels annealed at short time temperature exposures with application of dynamical heating. The investigated GO steels for experiments were taken from one industrial line after final cold rolling reduction and subsequent box annealing. It was shown that application of short time heat treatment conditions could lead to complete abnormal grain growth in the investigated GO steel. The texture and microstructure obtained in the laboratory treated material is similar to that observed in the same GO steel taken after industrial final box-annealing. However, some “parasitic� grains were observed in the secondary recrystallized matrix of the laboratory treated GO steel. These “parasitic� grains possess the unwanted from magnetic properties point of view {111} orientation components.
Effects of reaction conditions on nuclear laundry water treatment in Fenton process
Vilve, Miia; Hirvonen, Arja; Sillanpaeae, Mika
This study presents the efficiency of Fenton process in the degradation of organic compounds of nuclear laundry water. The influence of Fe 2+ and hydrogen peroxide ratio, hydrogen peroxide dose, pH and treatment time were investigated. The degradation of non-ionic surfactant and other organic compounds was analysed as COD, TOC and molecular weight distribution (MWD). The most cost-effective degradation conditions were at H 2 O 2 /Fe 2+ stoichiometric molar ratio of 2 with 5 min mixing and H 2 O 2 dose of 1000 mg l -1 . With the initial pH of 6, the reductions of COD and TOC were 85% and 69%, respectively. However, the removal of the organic compounds was mainly carried out by Fenton-based Fe 3+ coagulation rather than Fenton oxidation. Fenton process proved to be much more efficient than previously performed ozone-based oxidation processes.
Hydrothermal Testing of K Basin Sludge and N Reactor Fuel at Sludge Treatment Project Operating Conditions
Delegard, Calvin H.; Schmidt, Andrew J.; Thornton, Brenda M.
The Sludge Treatment Project (STP), managed for the U. S. DOE by Fluor Hanford (FH), was created to design and operate a process to eliminate uranium metal from K Basin sludge prior to packaging for Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). The STP process uses high temperature liquid water to accelerate the reaction, produce uranium dioxide from the uranium metal, and safely discharge the hydrogen. Under nominal process conditions, the sludge will be heated in pressurized water at 185°C for as long as 72 hours to assure the complete reaction (corrosion) of up to 0.25-inch diameter uranium metal pieces. Under contract to FH, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) conducted bench-scale testing of the STP hydrothermal process in November and December 2006. Five tests (~50 ml each) were conducted in sealed, un-agitated reaction vessels under the hydrothermal conditions (e.g., 7 to 72 h at 185°C) of the STP corrosion process using radioactive sludge samples collected from the K East Basin and particles/coupons of N Reactor fuel also taken from the K Basins. The tests were designed to evaluate and understand the chemical changes that may be occurring and the effects that any changes would have on sludge rheological properties. The tests were not designed to evaluate engineering aspects of the process. The hydrothermal treatment affected the chemical and physical properties of the sludge. In each test, significant uranium compound phase changes were identified, resulting from dehydration and chemical reduction reactions. Physical properties of the sludge were significantly altered from their initial, as-settled sludge values, including, shear strength, settled density, weight percent water, and gas retention.
Optimization of Electrochemical Treatment Process Conditions for Distillery Effluent Using Response Surface Methodology
P. Arulmathi
Full Text Available Distillery industry is recognized as one of the most polluting industries in India with a large amount of annual effluent production. In this present study, the optimization of electrochemical treatment process variables was reported to treat the color and COD of distillery spent wash using Ti/Pt as an anode in a batch mode. Process variables such as pH, current density, electrolysis time, and electrolyte dose were selected as operation variables and chemical oxygen demand (COD and color removal efficiency were considered as response variable for optimization using response surface methodology. Indirect electrochemical-oxidation process variables were optimized using Box-Behnken response surface design (BBD. The results showed that electrochemical treatment process effectively removed the COD (89.5% and color (95.1% of the distillery industry spent wash under the optimum conditions: pH of 4.12, current density of 25.02 mA/cm2, electrolysis time of 103.27 min, and electrolyte (NaCl concentration of 1.67 g/L, respectively.
Effects of heat treatments of coal on coke destruction under blast furnace conditions
Shkoller, M.B.; Dinel' t, V.M.; Korchuganova, G.S.; Petrov, V.B.
This paper discusses results of investigations on effects of chemical reactions in a blast furnace on coke disintegration and destruction. The investigations were carried out by the VUKhIN Institute branch in Kuznetsk. Effects of silicates and carbonates of sodium, potassium and zinc on mechanical coke properties were investigated under laboratory conditions. Coke samples were placed in a reactor and were treated by vapors of metal compounds. Coke produced from a coal mixture with conventional moisture content and from preheated coal mixture was used. Coal properties are given in a table. Design of laboratory equipment used for tests is shown in 2 schemes. Heat treatments influenced coke porosity and its structural strength. Proportion of large pores accessible to sodium and potassium in coke from preheated coal was 4.5 times lower than in coke from a conventional mixture. Adsorption of sodium and potassium on coke from preheated charge was lower (from 0.22% to 0.24%) than on coke from a conventional mixture (from 2.5% to 2.9%). Adsorption of alkali metals on coke reduced its structural strength and increased coke oxidation rate by carbon dioxide. Use of heat treatments of coal for coking reduced adsorption of alkali metals on coke in a blast furnace, increased coke structural strength and reduced coke oxidation rate by carbon dioxide. (16 refs.) (In Russian)
Resveratrol in prevention and treatment of common clinical conditions of aging
M Andrea Markus
Full Text Available M Andrea Markus, Brian J MorrisSchool of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaAbstract: Resveratrol is a potent member of the class of natural, plant-derived chemicals known as polyphenols. These help explain in part why a diet high in fruit and vegetables confers health benefits and are associated with reduced risk of common complex conditions such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease. We present the latest molecular findings that account for the beneficial actions of resveratrol. The intracellular pathways activated are crucial for anti-oxidant defence, regulation of the cell cycle, mitochondrial energy production, vascular tone, oncogene suppression, and many other phenomena which if unchecked lead to morbidity and mortality from onset and progression of these various diseases. While a healthy diet and lifestyle is strongly recommended in prevention of such conditions, the future bodes well for the use of resveratrol and analogues of higher potency than the natural form for treatment of diseases that afflict humans, particularly as they age.Keywords: resveratrol, longevity, SIRT, wine, aging, cancer
Thermodynamic analysis of the conditions of deoxidation and secondary treatment of low-silicon steel grade
Євген �натолійович Чичкарьов
Full Text Available This article is concerned with analysis and production testing of technological solutions aimed at reducing the consumption of aluminium for steel deoxidation and reducing level of metal contamination by oxide non-metal inclusions, as well as preventing silicon reduction during out-of-furnace treatment. The conditions of low-silicon steel deoxidation and out-of-furnace treatment have been analysed. It has been found that the scope of oxygen activity variation in the converter before tapping increases while the mass fraction of carbon in the metal decreases. For the converter meltings with a mass fraction of carbon over the range 0,05-0,07Â % [C] before tapping the real range of variation was 150-300 ppm. The effect of meltings carburizing on aluminium consumption and the degree of aluminium assimilation have been analysed. It has been shown that in fact the same specific consumption of ferromanganese and comparable changes within the metal oxidation change range before tapping (400-1100Â ppm the addition of the carburizer decreases the consumption of aluminium by 0,15Â kg/t (in amounts of pure aluminium. The variation interval of assimilation degree of aluminium, consumed for binding the dissolved oxygen in metal and for dissolution in metal has been found. It has been shown that in the melting of low-silicon steel with out- of-furnace treatment but without the use of furnace-ladle unit the rational limit of variation of mass fraction of magnesium oxide variation in the ladle slag is equal to- 6-8Â % by weight
COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE AND PEROXIDASE DETECTION IN MILK
felipe Nael Seixas
Full Text Available This study evaluated the performance of strips for colorimetric detection of alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase in milk, comparing them with a kit of reagents for alkaline phosphatase and the official methodology for peroxidase. The samples were analyzed at the Laboratory Inspection of Products of Animal Origin, State University of Londrina. For the comparison tests for the detection of alkaline phosphatase four treatments were made by adding different percentages of raw milk (1%, 2%, 5% and 10% in the pasteurized milk, plus two control treatments. Thirty-eight samples triplicate for each treatment were analyzed. To compare the performance of tests for peroxidase 80 pasteurized milk samples were evaluated simultaneously by official methodology and by colorimetric strips. The performance of the alkaline phosphatase were different for the treatments with 1% and 2% of raw milk which had all the strips change color as the reagent kit showed the presence of phosphatase in just 2.63% and 5.26% the cases, respectively for each treatment. The colorimetric strips for alkaline phosphatase are more sensitive for the identification of small quantities compared to the reagent kit. The performance of tests for peroxidase showed no difference. The strips for the detection of peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase were effective and can replace traditional methods.
Water Vapor Adsorption on Biomass Based Carbons under Post-Combustion CO2 Capture Conditions: Effect of Post-Treatment
Nausika Querejeta
Full Text Available The effect of post-treatment upon the H2O adsorption performance of biomass-based carbons was studied under post-combustion CO2 capture conditions. Oxygen surface functionalities were partially replaced through heat treatment, acid washing, and wet impregnation with amines. The surface chemistry of the final carbon is strongly affected by the type of post-treatment: acid treatment introduces a greater amount of oxygen whereas it is substantially reduced after thermal treatment. The porous texture of the carbons is also influenced by post-treatment: the wider pore volume is somewhat reduced, while narrow microporosity remains unaltered only after acid treatment. Despite heat treatment leading to a reduction in the number of oxygen surface groups, water vapor adsorption was enhanced in the higher pressure range. On the other hand acid treatment and wet impregnation with amines reduce the total water vapor uptake thus being more suitable for post-combustion CO2 capture applications.
Assessment of the effect of innovation on the costs of a uranium ore concentration plant by means of a technical and economic model. Examples of applications: direct precipitation of the peroxide UO4 xH2O high temperature and high concentration alkaline treatment
Boutonnet, G.; Roullier, J.P.
Uranium Pechiney Ugine Kuhlmann has developed an economic model for uranium ore treatment plants. In this model, the basic economic data for a given plant, such as capital expenditures, operating costs, etc. are derived from parameters based partly on the size of the plant and the production progamme considered, and partly on the cost and specifications of the ore to be treated. In addition to numerous macro-economic applications (not considered here), the model can be used for making coherent comparisons of the economy of a plant designed for an innovative production process with that of the same plant designed for a conventional process of acid treatment followed by solvent extraction. The model shows that two new processes are highly competitive with the conventional process. They are: 1. Direct precipitation of the peroxide UO 4 xH 2 O in the pregnant liquor without concentration or purification by solvents or exchangers, and 2. High temperature and high concentration alkaline treatment
catalysed oxidation of atenolol by alkaline permanganate
Abstract. Kinetics of ruthenium (III) catalyzed oxidation of atenolol by permanganate in alkaline medium at constant ionic strength of 0â‹…30 mol dm3 has been studied spectrophotometrically using a rapid kinetic accessory. Reaction between permanganate and atenolol in alkaline medium exhibits 1 : 8 stoichiometry.
Increased liver alkaline phosphatase and aminotransferase ...
The effect of daily, oral administration of ethanolic extract of Khaya senegalensis stem bark (2mg/kg body weight) for 18days on the alkaline phosphatase, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities of rat liver and serum were investigated. Compared with the control, the activities of liver alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ...
Factors that lessen the burden of treatment in complex patients with chronic conditions: a qualitative study
Ridgeway JL
Full Text Available Jennifer L Ridgeway,1,2 Jason S Egginton,1,2 Kristina Tiedje,3 Mark Linzer,4,5 Deborah Boehm,4 Sara Poplau,6 Djenane Ramalho de Oliveira,7 Laura Odell,8 Victor M Montori,2,9 David T Eton1,2 1The Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, 2Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; 3Department of Anthropology, Université Lumière Lyon 2, Lyon, France; 4Division of General Internal Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, 5University of Minnesota Medical School, 6Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA; 7Department of Social Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; 8Pharmacy Services, 9Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA Purpose: Patients with multiple chronic conditions (multimorbidity often require ongoing treatment and complex self-care. This workload and its impact on patient functioning and well-being are, together, known as treatment burden. This study reports on factors that patients with multimorbidity draw on to lessen perceptions of treatment burden. Patients and methods: Interviews (n=50 and focus groups (n=4 groups, five to eight participants per group were conducted with patients receiving care in a large academic medical center or an urban safety-net hospital. Interview data were analyzed using qualitative framework analysis methods, and themes and subthemes were used to identify factors that mitigate burden. Focus groups were held to confirm these findings and clarify any new issues. This study was part of a larger program to develop a patient-reported measure of treatment burden. Results: Five major themes emerged from the interview data. These included: 1 problem-focused strategies, like routinizing self-care, enlisting support of others, planning for the future, and using technology; 2 emotion-focused coping strategies, like
Alkaline pH sensor molecules.
Murayama, Takashi; Maruyama, Ichiro N
Animals can survive only within a narrow pH range. This requires continual monitoring of environmental and body-fluid pH. Although a variety of acidic pH sensor molecules have been reported, alkaline pH sensor function is not well understood. This Review describes neuronal alkaline pH sensors, grouped according to whether they monitor extracellular or intracellular alkaline pH. Extracellular sensors include the receptor-type guanylyl cyclase, the insulin receptor-related receptor, ligand-gated Cl- channels, connexin hemichannels, two-pore-domain K+ channels, and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Intracellular sensors include TRP channels and gap junction channels. Identification of molecular mechanisms underlying alkaline pH sensing is crucial for understanding how animals respond to environmental alkaline pH and how body-fluid pH is maintained within a narrow range. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Short-Term Effect of Vermicompost Application on Biological Properties of an Alkaline Soil with High Lime Content from Mediterranean Region of Turkey
Uz, Ilker; Tavali, Ismail Emrah
This study was conducted to investigate direct short-term impact of vermicompost on some soil biological properties by monitoring changes after addition of vermicompost as compared to farmyard manure in an alkaline soil with high lime content from semiarid Mediterranean region of Turkey. For this purpose, mixtures of soil and organic fertilizers in different doses were incubated under greenhouse condition. Soil samples collected in regular intervals were analyzed for biological parameters including dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase, urease, alkaline phosphatase activities, and total number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria. Even though soil dehydrogenase activity appeared to be dose-independent based on overall evaluation, organic amendments were found to elevate dehydrogenase activity when sampling periods are evaluated individually. β-glucosidase, urease, alkaline phosphatase activity, and aerobic mesophilic bacterial numbers in vermicompost treatments fluctuated but remained significantly above the control. A slight but statistically significant difference was detected between organic amendments in terms of urease activity. Vermicompost appeared to more significantly increase bacterial number in soil. Clearly, vermicompost has a potential to be used as an alternative to farmyard manure to improve and maintain soil biological activity in alkaline calcareous soils from the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Further studies are needed to assess its full potential for these soils. PMID:25254238
Molasses wastewater treatment and lipid production at low temperature conditions by a microalgal mutant Scenedesmus sp. Z-4
Ma, Chao; Wen, Hanquan; Xing, Defeng; Pei, Xuanyuan; Zhu, Jiani; Ren, Nanqi; Liu, Bingfeng
Background Simultaneous wastewater treatment and lipid production by oleaginous microalgae show great potential to alleviate energy shortage and environmental pollution, because they exhibit tremendous advantages over traditional activated sludge. Currently, most research on wastewater treatment by microalgal are carried out at optimized temperature conditions (25?35??C), but no information about simultaneous wastewater treatment and lipid production by microalgae at low temperatures has been...
[Outcome-quality of treatment for headache on primary care conditions].
Lang, E; Eisele, R; Jankowsky, H; Kastner, S; Bickel, A; Martus, P; Neundörfer, B
Little is known about the outcome-quality of treatment for headache on primary care conditions in Germany. All physicians (2100) of middle franconia, a bavarian greater district with 1,6 Mio. inhabitants, involved in outpatient management were asked to include consecutively patients in the study which suffer from migraine (at least 2 attacks/month) and/or tension type headache (at least 8 days/month) of at least 4 weeks duration. Before and after a 6 months interval patients documented the following outcome data in a questionnaire: pain intensity during the last attack (numeric rating scale), pain dependent disability (Brief Pain Inventory, German version), health related quality of life (SF-36, German version) and depressivity (Allgemeine Depressionsskala). The pain chronification state (Mainz Pain Staging System) has been assessed by the physician. Therapy was not standardized and included the natural spectrum of medicamental and non-medicamental therapy of headache. Agreement of therapy with recommendations of the "Arzneimittelkommission der Deutschen Aerzteschaft" has been assessed. 24 physicians participated in the study. Pre-post-data of 80 patients (46+/-14 y) could be analysed. Initially 67% were classified in pain chronification state I, 27% in state II and 6% in state III. Medicamental therapy agreed with recommendations in approximately 50% of patients, non-medicamental therapy has been used rarely. The pain intensity, pain dependent disability, depression and quality of life improved significantly. 45% and 55% of patients improved in at least 2 of 6 outcome-parameters by 30% of baseline value or by half standard deviation of the corresponding pre-post-differences, respectively. The latter outcome-measure reflects a medium effect size. On primary care conditions about 50% of patients suffering from migraine and/or tension type headache (predominantly low chronification stae) perceive a therapy effect that corresponds to a medium effect size.
Condition-specific Quality of Life Assessment at Each Stage of Class III Surgical Orthodontic Treatment -A Prospective Study.
Tachiki, Chie; Nishii, Yasushi; Takaki, Takashi; Sueishi, Kenji
Surgical orthodontic treatment has been reported to improve oral health-related quality of life (OHRQL). Such treatment comprises three stages: pre-surgical orthodontic treatment; orthognathic surgery; and post-surgical orthodontic treatment. Most studies have focused on change in OHRQL between before and after surgery. However, it is also necessary to evaluate OHRQL at the pre-surgical orthodontic treatment stage, as it may be negatively affected by dental decompensation compared with at pre-treatment. The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate the influence of surgical orthodontic treatment on QOL by assessing change in condition-specific QOL at each stage of treatment in skeletal class III cases. Twenty skeletal class III patients requiring surgical orthodontic treatment were enrolled in the study. Each patient completed the Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ), which was developed for patients with dentofacial deformity. Its items are grouped into 4 domains: "social aspects of dentofacial deformity"; "facial esthetics"; "oral function"; and "awareness of dentofacial esthetics". The questionnaire was completed at the pre-treatment, pre-surgical orthodontic treatment, and post-surgical orthodontic treatment stages. The results revealed a significant worsening in scores between at pre-treatment and pre-surgical orthodontic treatment in the domains of facial esthetics and oral function (ppre-surgical orthodontic and post-surgical orthodontic treatment in all domains except awareness of dentofacial esthetics (ppre-surgical orthodontic treatment stage. Significant correlations were also observed between improvement in upper and lower lip difference, soft tissue pogonion protrusion, and ANB angle and improvement in OQLQ scores at the post-surgical orthodontic treatment stage. These results indicate that morphologic change influences OHRQL in patients undergoing surgical orthodontic treatment not only after surgery, but also during pre
Effect of Diabetes Condition on Topical Treatment of Binahong Leaf Fraction in Wound Healing Process
Kintoko Kintoko
Full Text Available Diabetes mellitus (DM is a metabolic disease which is becoming the first number of health problem in Indonesia, based on the results of the Basic Health Research of Ministry of Health in 2013. One of the diabetes complications affected by high levels of blood glucose is diabetic ulcers wich 85% the number of cases was overed by amputation as the result of improper handling. Herbal treatments could be an alternative treatment of diabetic ulcers, one of them is binahong plant. The results of previous studies have shown the ability of ethanolic extract of binahong leaf in accelerating wound healing in diabetic rats. This study would be a continued study to test five kinds of binahong leaf fractions (FDB with gradual solvent polarity in accelerating wound healing in diabetic ulcer. Wound healing parameters observed were percentage of wound healing from the wound diameter contraction. The test begins with ethanolic extract of binahong leaf fractionation to produce fractions of hexane (FHDB, chloroform (FKDB, ethyl acetate (FEADB, and ethanol (FEDB. Water fraction (FADB was obtained from ethanolic leaf extract residues of binahong leaf extraction. Each fraction activity was tested topically twice daily on dorsal of test animals that created wounds using a punch biopsy 5 mm diameters. Grouping of test animals were divided into 13 groups with normal control group (non diabetes, negative control (diabetes + topical application of biocream®, positive control (diabetes + topical application of madecassol, and 10 diabetes groups with topical application of 5 kinds of binahong leaf fractions with each fractions consist of a concentrations of 5% and 10% with biocream® as a vehicle. Diabetic parameters measured include blood glucose levels (KGD and weight lost percentage (PB% in day 1 and 10 during a 10-day treatment. The results showed the influence of KGD in the condition of diabetes on wound healing rats diabetic ulcers which topically treated with
Treatment of Dermatological Conditions Associated with HIV/AIDS: The Scarcity of Guidance on a Global Scale
Suchismita Paul
Full Text Available Background. Skin diseases associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV infection are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In resource-limited settings, nondermatologists and lay health care providers on the front line of HIV care provide much of the treatment for these conditions. Objective. To evaluate guidelines for treatment of HIV-related skin conditions and assess their accessibility, comprehensiveness, and quality of evidence employed. Methods. A review was undertaken of all national and society guidelines which included treatment information on the ten highest burden HIV-related skin conditions. The search strategy included gray and peer-reviewed literature. Results. Of 430 potential guidelines, 86 met inclusion criteria, and only 2 were written specifically to address HIV-related skin diseases as a whole. Treatment information for HIV-related skin conditions was embedded within guidelines written for other purposes, primarily HIV/AIDs treatment guidelines (49%. Development of guidelines relied either partially or completely on expert opinion (62%. Only 16% of guidelines used gradation of evidence quality and these were primarily from high-income countries (p=0.001. Limitations. Due to the nature of gray literature, not all guidelines may have been identified. Conclusion. This review highlights the need for evidence-based summary guidelines that address treatment for HIV-related skin conditions in an accessible format.
Finalizing a measurement framework for the burden of treatment in complex patients with chronic conditions
Eton DT
% were coping with multiple chronic conditions. A preliminary conceptual framework using data from the first 32 interviews was evaluated and was modified using narrative data from 18 additional interviews with a racially and socioeconomically diverse sample of patients. The final framework features three overarching themes with associated subthemes. These themes included: 1 work patients must do to care for their health (eg, taking medications, keeping medical appointments, monitoring health; 2 challenges/stressors that exacerbate perceived burden (eg, financial, interpersonal, provider obstacles; and 3 impacts of burden (eg, role limitations, mental exhaustion. All themes and subthemes were subsequently confirmed in focus groups. Conclusion: The final conceptual framework can be used as a foundation for building a patient self-report measure to systematically study treatment burden for research and analytical purposes, as well as to promote meaningful clinic-based dialogue between patients and providers about the challenges inherent in maintaining complex self-management of health. Keywords: treatment burden, conceptual framework, adherence, questionnaire, self-management, multi-morbidity
Conditional Order-m Efficiency of Wastewater Treatment Plants: The Role of Environmental Factors
Ramón Fuentes
Full Text Available The growing economic and environmental importance of managing water resources at a global level also entails greater efforts and interest in improving the functioning and efficiency of the increasingly more numerous wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs. In this context, this study analyzes the efficiency of a uniform sample of plants of this type located in the region of Valencia (Spain. The type of efficiency measure used for this (conditional order-m efficiency allows continuous and discrete contextual variables to be directly involved in the analysis and enables the assessment of their statistical significance and effect (positive or negative. The main findings of the study showed that the quality of the influent water and also the size and age of the plants had a significant influence on their efficiency levels. In particular, as regards the effect of such variables, the findings pointed to the existence of an inverse relationship between the quality of the influent water and the efficiency of the WWTPs. Also, a lower annual volume of treated water and more modern installations showed a positive influence. Additionally, the average efficiency levels observed turned out to be higher than those reported in previous studies.
Treatment and final conditioning of solid radioactive wastes; Traitement et conditionnement definitif des dechets radioactifs solides
Cerre, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires
The storage of solid radioactive wastes on a site is so cumbersome and dangerous that we have developed a method of treatment and conditioning by means of which the volume of waste is considerably reduced and very long-lasting shielding can be provided. This paper describes the techniques adopted at Saclay, where the wastes are sheared, compressed and enveloped in concrete of variable thickness. The main part of the report is devoted to a description of the corresponding remote handling installation. (author) [French] L'encombrement et le danger que presentent sur un site le stockage de dechets radioactifs solides nous ont amenes a etudier un mode de traitement et de conditionnement permettant une sensible reduction du volume des dechets et une protection de tres longue duree. La presente communication expose les techniques adoptees a Saclay ou les dechets sont cisailles, comprimes et enrobes dans du beton d'epaisseur variable. La description de l'installation telecommandee correspondante fait l'objet principal de cette communication. (auteur)
Influence of Thermal Treatment Conditions on the Properties of Dental Silicate Cements
Georgeta Voicu
Full Text Available In this study the sol-gel process was used to synthesize a precursor mixture for the preparation of silicate cement, also called mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA cement. This mixture was thermally treated under two different conditions (1400 °C/2 h and 1450 °C/3 h followed by rapid cooling in air. The resulted material (clinker was ground for one hour in a laboratory planetary mill (v = 150 rot/min, in order to obtain the MTA cements. The setting time and mechanical properties, in vitro induction of apatite formation by soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF and cytocompatibility of the MTA cements were assessed in this study. The hardening processes, nature of the reaction products and the microstructural characteristics were also investigated. The anhydrous and hydrated cements were characterized by different techniques e.g., X-ray diffraction (XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM, infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR and thermal analysis (DTA-DTG-TG. The setting time of the MTA cement obtained by thermal treatment at 1400 °C/2 h (MTA1 was 55 min and 15 min for the MTA cement obtained at 1450 °C/3 h (MTA2. The compressive strength values were 18.5 MPa (MTA1 and 22.9 MPa (MTA2. Both MTA cements showed good bioactivity (assessed by an in vitro test, good cytocompatibility and stimulatory effect on the proliferation of cells.
Quantitative estimation of the extent of alkylation of DNA following treatment of mammalian cells with non-radioactive alkylating agents
Snyder, R.D. (Univ. of Tennessee, Oak Ridge); Regan, J.D.
Alkaline sucrose sedimentation has been used to quantitate phosphotriester formation following treatment of human cells with the monofunctional alkylating agents methyl and ethyl methanesulfonate. These persistent alkaline-labile lesions are not repaired during short-term culture conditions and thus serve as a useful and precise index of the total alkylation of the DNA.Estimates of alkylation by this procedure compare favorably with direct estimates by use of labeled alkylating agents.
Uranium prospecting in alkaline mountain chimneys of Serra Negra and Salitre - Minas Gerais, Brasil
Souza Filho, J.G.C.
The occurence of radioactive minerals such as apatite and pyrochlore, in the alkaline chimneys of Serra Negra and Salitre (Minas Gerais, Brazil), is discussed. Also mentioned are other minerals of interest associated with the alkaline magma such as columbite, fluorite, monazite, zircon, baddeleyite, etc, which in favourable conditions may occur in deposits of great economical value, and which may present high contents of rare earths, thorium and uranium
Alkaline pretreatment of Mexican pine residues for bioethanol ...
Alkaline pretreatment of Mexican pine residues for bioethanol production. ... Keywords: Lignocellulosic biomass, alkaline pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentable sugars, fermentation. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(31), pp.
Plutonium(IV) precipitates formed in alkaline media in the presence of various anions
Krot, N.N.; Shilov, V.P.; Yusov, A.B.; Tananaev, I.G.; Grigoriev, M.S.; Garnov, A.Yu.; Perminov, V.P.; Astafurova, L.N.
The tendency of Pu(IV) to hydrolyze and form true solutions, colloid solutions, or insoluble precipitates has been known since the Manhattan Project. Since then, specific studies have been performed to examine in detail the equilibria of Pu(IV) hydrolytic reactions in various media. Great attention also has been paid to the preparation, structure, and properties of Pu(IV) polymers or colloids. These compounds found an important application in sol-gel technology for the preparation of nuclear fuel materials. A most important result of these works was the conclusion that Pu(IV) hydroxide, after some aging, consists of very small PuO{sub 2} crystallites and should therefore be considered to be Pu(IV) hydrous oxide. However, studies of the properties and behavior of solid Pu(IV) hydroxide in complex heterogeneous systems are rare. The primary goal of this investigation was to obtain data on the composition and properties of Pu(IV) hydrous oxide or other compounds formed in alkaline media under different conditions. Such information is important to understand Pu(IV) behavior and the forms of its existence in the Hanford Site alkaline tank waste sludge. This knowledge then may be applied in assessing plutonium criticality hazards in the storage, retrieval, and treatment of Hanford Site tank wastes as well as in understanding its contribution to the transuranic waste inventory (threshold at 100 nCi/g or about 5 {times} 10{sup {minus}6} M) of the separate solution and solid phases.
The tendency of Pu(IV) to hydrolyze and form true solutions, colloid solutions, or insoluble precipitates has been known since the Manhattan Project. Since then, specific studies have been performed to examine in detail the equilibria of Pu(IV) hydrolytic reactions in various media. Great attention also has been paid to the preparation, structure, and properties of Pu(IV) polymers or colloids. These compounds found an important application in sol-gel technology for the preparation of nuclear fuel materials. A most important result of these works was the conclusion that Pu(IV) hydroxide, after some aging, consists of very small PuO 2 crystallites and should therefore be considered to be Pu(IV) hydrous oxide. However, studies of the properties and behavior of solid Pu(IV) hydroxide in complex heterogeneous systems are rare. The primary goal of this investigation was to obtain data on the composition and properties of Pu(IV) hydrous oxide or other compounds formed in alkaline media under different conditions. Such information is important to understand Pu(IV) behavior and the forms of its existence in the Hanford Site alkaline tank waste sludge. This knowledge then may be applied in assessing plutonium criticality hazards in the storage, retrieval, and treatment of Hanford Site tank wastes as well as in understanding its contribution to the transuranic waste inventory (threshold at 100 nCi/g or about 5 x 10 -6 M) of the separate solution and solid phases
Alkaline sorbent injection for mercury control
Madden, Deborah A.; Holmes, Michael J.
A mercury removal system for removing mercury from combustion flue gases is provided in which alkaline sorbents at generally extremely low stoichiometric molar ratios of alkaline earth or an alkali metal to sulfur of less than 1.0 are injected into a power plant system at one or more locations to remove at least between about 40% and 60% of the mercury content from combustion flue gases. Small amounts of alkaline sorbents are injected into the flue gas stream at a relatively low rate. A particulate filter is used to remove mercury-containing particles downstream of each injection point used in the power plant system.
Alkaline rocks and the occurrence of uranium
Hambleton-Jones, B.B.; Toens, P.D.
Many alkaline complexes contain uranium and other minerals in low concentrations and are regarded as constituting valuable potential reserves. Certain complex metallurgical problems, however, remain to be solved. Alkaline rocks occur in a number of forms and environments and it is noted that they are generated during periods of geological quiescence emplaced mainly in stable aseismic areas. Many occur along the extensions of oceanic transform faults beneath the continental crust and the application of this concept to areas not currently known to host alkaline complexes may prove useful in identifying potential target areas for prospecting operations [af
Alteration of MX-80 by hydrothermal treatment under high salt content conditions
Pusch, R. [Geodevelopment AB, Lund (Sweden); Kasbohm, J. [Greifswald Univ. (Germany). Geological Dep.
If brammalit, i.e. sodium illite, is formed from smectite in Na-rich salt water at high temperature such conversion can also take place in the buffer clay that surrounds the canisters in a KBS-3 repository. The present study comprised two laboratory test series with MX-80 clay, one with compacted clay powder with a dry density of 1200 to 1300 kg/m{sup 3} and saturation with 10% and 20% NaCl solutions followed by heating to 110 deg C under closed conditions for 30 days. In the second series air-dry compacted clay powder in a cell was heated at 110 deg C for the same period of time and connected to vessels with 10% and 20% NaCl solutions. The first series represents the conditions in the buffer clay after saturation with Na-rich salt water while the second one corresponds to the conditions in the course of saturation with such water. All laboratory tests were made after short-term percolation with distilled water for making sure that the hydro-thermally treated samples were fully fluid-saturated. The results from the physical testing showed that the hydraulic conductivity and swelling pressure of the hydrothermally treated clay samples were on the same order of magnitude as for untreated clay. Comparison with illitic clays shows that the latter are at least a hundred times more permeable than the hydrothermally treated salt clays in the present study, which hence indicates that conversion to illite was insignificant. This is obvious also from the fact that while illitic clays have very low swelling pressures the hydrothermally treated clays exhibited swelling pressures on the same order of magnitude as untreated MX-80. XRD analysis showed a clear difference in mineral constitution between the two test series. Thus, while no significant change from the typical mineralogy of untreated MX-80 was found for hydrothermal treatment of clay saturated with 10 and 20% NaCl solution, except for some very slight neoformation of illite-smectite mixed layers or irreversible
Alkylation of imidazole under ultrasound irradiation over alkaline carbons
Costarrosa, L.; Calvino-Casilda, V.; Ferrera-Escudero, S.; Duran-Valle, C.J.; Martin-Aranda, R.M.
N-Alkyl-imidazole has been synthesized by sonochemical irradiation of imidazole and 1-bromobutane using alkaline-promoted carbons (exchanged with the binary combinations of Na, K and Cs). The catalysts were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermal analysis and N 2 adsorption isotherms. Under the experimental conditions, N-alkyl-imidazoles can be prepared with a high activity and selectivity. It is observed that imidazole conversion increases in parallel with increasing the basicity of the catalyst. The influence of the alkaline promoter, the reaction temperature, and the amount of catalyst on the catalytic activity has been studied. For comparison, the alkylation of imidazole has also been performed in a batch reactor system under thermal activation
Radiolysis of actinides and technetium in alkaline media
Delegard, C.H., Westinghouse Hanford
The {gamma}-radiolysis of aerated alkaline aqueous solutions of Np(V), Np(VI), Pu(VI), Tc(IV), Tc(V), and TC(VII) was studied in the absence of additives and in the presence of CO{sub 3}{sup 2-}, NO{sub 3}{sup -}, NO{sub 2}{sup -}, EDTA, formate, and other organic compounds. The radiolytic reduction of Np(V), Np(VI), Pu(VI), and TC(VII) under different experimental conditions was examined in detail. The addition of EDTA, formate, and alcohols was found to considerably increase the radiation-chemical reduction yields. The formation of the Np(V) peroxo complex was observed in the {gamma}-radiolysis of alkaline aqueous solutions of Np (VI) in the presence of nitrate.
Chemical degradation mechanisms of membranes for alkaline membrane fuel cells
Choe, Yoong-Kee [National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba (Japan); Henson, Neil J.; Kim, Yu Seung [Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Chemical degradation mechanisms of membranes for alkaline membrane fuel cells have been investigated using density functional theory (DFT). We have elucidated that the aryl-ether moiety of membranes is one of the weakest site against attack of hydroxide ions. The results of DFT calculations for hydroxide initiated aryl-ether cleavage indicated that the aryl-ether cleavage occurred prior to degradation of cationic functional group. Such a weak nature of the aryl-ether group arises from the electron deficiency of the aryl group as well as the low bond dissociation energy. The DFT results suggests that removal of the aryl-ether group in the membrane should enhance the stability of membranes under alkaline conditions. In fact, an ether fee poly(phenylene) membrane exhibits excellent stability against the attack from hydroxide ions.
Comparison of oxidants in alkaline leaching of uranium ore
Sreenivas, T.; Rajan, K.C.; Srinivas, K.; Anand Rao, K.; Manmadha Rao, M.; Venkatakrishnan, R.R.; Padmanabhan, N.P.H.
The uranium minerals occurring in various ore deposits consists of predominantly uranous ion (U +4 ), necessitating use of an oxidant and other lixiviants for efficient dissolution during leaching. Unlike acid leaching route, where uranium minerals dissolution could be achieved efficiently with cheaper lixiviants, processing of ores by alkaline leaching route involve expensive lixiviants and drastic leaching conditions. Alkaline leaching of uranium ores becomes economical only upon using cheaper and efficient oxidants and conservation of other reagents by their recycle. The present paper gives efficacy of various oxidants - KMnO 4 , NaOCl, Cu - NH 3 , air and oxygen, in the leaching of uranium from a low-grade dolostone hosted uranium ore of India. A comparison based on technical merits and cost of the oxidant chemicals is discussed. (author)
Classical conditioning for preserving the effects of short melatonin treatment in children with delayed sleep: a pilot study
van Maanen A
Full Text Available Annette van Maanen,1 Anne Marie Meijer,1 Marcel G Smits,2 Frans J Oort1 1Research Institute Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 2Centre for Sleep-Wake Disorders and Chronobiology, Hospital Gelderse Vallei, Ede, the Netherlands Abstract: Melatonin treatment is effective in treating sleep onset problems in children with delayed melatonin onset, but effects usually disappear when treatment is discontinued. In this pilot study, we investigated whether classical conditioning might help in preserving treatment effects of melatonin in children with sleep onset problems, with and without comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD or autism. After a baseline week, 16 children (mean age: 9.92 years, 31% ADHD/autism received melatonin treatment for 3 weeks and then gradually discontinued the treatment. Classical conditioning was applied by having children drink organic lemonade while taking melatonin and by using a dim red light lamp that was turned on when children went to bed. Results were compared with a group of 41 children (mean age: 9.43 years, 34% ADHD/autism who received melatonin without classical conditioning. Melatonin treatment was effective in advancing dim light melatonin onset and reducing sleep onset problems, and positive effects were found on health and behavior problems. After stopping melatonin, sleep returned to baseline levels. We found that for children without comorbidity in the experimental group, sleep latency and sleep start delayed less in the stop week, which suggests an effect of classical conditioning. However, classical conditioning seems counterproductive in children with ADHD or autism. Further research is needed to establish these results and to examine other ways to preserve melatonin treatment effects, for example, by applying morning light. Keywords: melatonin, classical conditioning, children, delayed sleep
Taxonomy of the burden of treatment: a multi-country web-based qualitative study of patients with chronic conditions.
Tran, Viet-Thi; Barnes, Caroline; Montori, Victor M; Falissard, Bruno; Ravaud, Philippe
Management strategies for patients with chronic conditions are becoming increasingly complex, which may result in a burden of treatment for patients. To develop a Minimally Disruptive Medicine designed to reduce the burden of treatment, clinicians need to understand which healthcare tasks and aggravating factors may be responsible for this burden. The objective of the present study was to describe and classify the components of the burden of treatment for patients with chronic conditions from the patient's perspective. We performed a multi-country qualitative study using an online survey and a purposive sampling strategy to select English-, French-, and Spanish-speaking participants with different chronic conditions. Participants were recruited by physicians, patients' associations, advertisement on social media, and 'snowballing'. The answers were analyzed by i) manual content analysis with a grounded theory approach, coded by two researchers, and ii) automatic textual analysis by Reinert's method. Between 2013 and 2014, 1,053 participants from 34 different countries completed the online survey using 408,625 words. Results from both analyses were synthesized in a taxonomy of the burden of treatment, which described i) the tasks imposed on patients by their diseases and by their healthcare system (e.g., medication management, lifestyle changes, follow-up, etc.); ii) the structural (e.g., access to healthcare resources, coordination between care providers), personal, situational, and financial factors that aggravated the burden of treatment; and iii) patient-reported consequences of the burden (e.g., poor adherence to treatments, financial burden, impact on professional, family, and social life, etc.). Our findings may not be applicable to patients with chronic conditions who differ from those who responded to our survey. Our taxonomy of the burden of treatment, provided by patients with chronic conditions from different countries and settings, supports the
Living with, managing and minimising treatment burden in long term conditions: a systematic review of qualitative research.
Demain, Sara; Gonçalves, Ana-Carolina; Areia, Carlos; Oliveira, Rúben; Marcos, Ana Jorge; Marques, Alda; Parmar, Ranj; Hunt, Katherine
'Treatment burden', defined as both the workload and impact of treatment regimens on function and well-being, has been associated with poor adherence and unfavourable outcomes. Previous research focused on treatment workload but our understanding of treatment impact is limited. This research aimed to systematically review qualitative research to identify: 1) what are the treatment generated disruptions experienced by patients across all chronic conditions and treatments? 2) what strategies do patients employ to minimise these treatment generated disruptions? The search strategy centred on: treatment burden and qualitative methods. Medline, CINAHL, Embase, and PsychINFO were searched electronically from inception to Dec 2013. No language limitations were set. Teams of two reviewers independently conducted paper screening, data extraction, and data analysis. Data were analysed using framework synthesis informed by Cumulative Complexity Model. Eleven papers reporting data from 294 patients, across a range of conditions, age groups and nationalities were included. Treatment burdens were experienced as a series of disruptions: biographical disruptions involved loss of freedom and independence, restriction of meaningful activities, negative emotions and stigma; relational disruptions included strained family and social relationships and feeling isolated; and, biological disruptions involved physical side-effects. Patients employed "adaptive treatment work" and "rationalised non-adherence" to minimise treatment disruptions. Rationalised non-adherence was sanctioned by health professionals at end of life; at other times it was a "secret-act" which generated feelings of guilt and impacted on family and clinical relationships. Treatments generate negative emotions and physical side effects, strain relationships and affect identity. Patients minimise these disruptions through additional adaptive work and/or by non-adherence. This affects physical outcomes and care
Sara Demain
Full Text Available 'Treatment burden', defined as both the workload and impact of treatment regimens on function and well-being, has been associated with poor adherence and unfavourable outcomes. Previous research focused on treatment workload but our understanding of treatment impact is limited. This research aimed to systematically review qualitative research to identify: 1 what are the treatment generated disruptions experienced by patients across all chronic conditions and treatments? 2 what strategies do patients employ to minimise these treatment generated disruptions?The search strategy centred on: treatment burden and qualitative methods. Medline, CINAHL, Embase, and PsychINFO were searched electronically from inception to Dec 2013. No language limitations were set. Teams of two reviewers independently conducted paper screening, data extraction, and data analysis. Data were analysed using framework synthesis informed by Cumulative Complexity Model. Eleven papers reporting data from 294 patients, across a range of conditions, age groups and nationalities were included. Treatment burdens were experienced as a series of disruptions: biographical disruptions involved loss of freedom and independence, restriction of meaningful activities, negative emotions and stigma; relational disruptions included strained family and social relationships and feeling isolated; and, biological disruptions involved physical side-effects. Patients employed "adaptive treatment work" and "rationalised non-adherence" to minimise treatment disruptions. Rationalised non-adherence was sanctioned by health professionals at end of life; at other times it was a "secret-act" which generated feelings of guilt and impacted on family and clinical relationships.Treatments generate negative emotions and physical side effects, strain relationships and affect identity. Patients minimise these disruptions through additional adaptive work and/or by non-adherence. This affects physical outcomes and
Exploring the Limits and Utility of Operant Conditioning in the Treatment of Drug Addiction
Silverman, Kenneth
This article describes a research program to develop an operant treatment for cocaine addiction in low-income, treatment-resistant methadone patients. The treatment's central feature is an abstinence reinforcement contingency in which patients earn monetary reinforcement for providing cocaine-free urine samples. Success and failure of this…
Ocean Acidification: Coccolithophore's Light Controlled Effect on Alkalinity
Dobbins, W.
Coccolithophorids, which play a significant role in the flux of calcite and organic carbon from the photic region to deeper pelagic and benthic zones, are potentially far more useful than siliceous phytoplankton for ocean fertilization projects designed to sequester CO2. However, the production of H+ ions during calcification (HCO3 + Ca+ —> CaCO3 + H+) has resulted in localized acidification around coccolithophore blooms. It has been hypothesized that under the correct light conditions photosynthesis could proceed at a rate such that CO2 is removed in amounts equimolar or greater than the H+ produced by calcification, allowing stable or increasing alkalinity despite ongoing calcification. Previously, this effect had not been demonstrated under laboratory conditions. Fifteen Emiliania huxleyi cultures were separated into equal groups with each receiving: 0, 6, 12, 18, or 24 hours of light each day for 24 days. Daily pH, cell density, and temperature measurements revealed a strong positive correlation between light exposure and pH, and no significant decline in pH in any of the cultures. Alkalinity increases were temperature independent and not strongly correlated with cell density, implying photosynthetic removal of carbon dioxide as the root cause. The average pH across living cultures increased from 7.9 to 8.3 over the first week and changed little for the reminder of the 24-day period. The results demonstrate coccolithophorids can increase alkalinity across a broad range of cell densities, despite the acidification inherent to the calcification process. If the light-alkalinity effect reported here proves scalable to larger cultures, Emiliania huxleyi are a strong candidate for carbon sequestration via targeted ocean fertilization.
Treatment of Ligament Constructs with Exercise-conditioned Serum: A Translational Tissue Engineering Model.
Lee-Barthel, Ann; Baar, Keith; West, Daniel W D
In vitro experiments are essential to understand biological mechanisms; however, the gap between monolayer tissue culture and human physiology is large, and translation of findings is often poor. Thus, there is ample opportunity for alternative experimental approaches. Here we present an approach in which human cells are isolated from human anterior cruciate ligament tissue remnants, expanded in culture, and used to form engineered ligaments. Exercise alters the biochemical milieu in the blood such that the function of many tissues, organs and bodily processes are improved. In this experiment, ligament construct culture media was supplemented with experimental human serum that has been 'conditioned' by exercise. Thus the intervention is more biologically relevant since an experimental tissue is exposed to the full endogenous biochemical milieu, including binding proteins and adjunct compounds that may be altered in tandem with the activity of an unknown agent of interest. After treatment, engineered ligaments can be analyzed for mechanical function, collagen content, morphology, and cellular biochemistry. Overall, there are four major advantages versus traditional monolayer culture and animal models, of the physiological model of ligament tissue that is presented here. First, ligament constructs are three-dimensional, allowing for mechanical properties (i.e., function) such as ultimate tensile stress, maximal tensile load, and modulus, to be quantified. Second, the enthesis, the interface between boney and sinew elements, can be examined in detail and within functional context. Third, preparing media with post-exercise serum allows for the effects of the exercise-induced biochemical milieu, which is responsible for the wide range of health benefits of exercise, to be investigated in an unbiased manner. Finally, this experimental model advances scientific research in a humane and ethical manner by replacing the use of animals, a core mandate of the National
Safety and feasibility of platelet rich fibrin matrix injections for treatment of common urologic conditions
Ethan L Matz
Full Text Available Purpose: Autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP is used increasingly in a variety of settings. PRP injections have been used for decades to improve angiogenesis and wound healing. They have also been offered commercially in urology with little to no data on safety or efficacy. PRP could theoretically improve multiple urologic conditions, such as erectile dysfunction (ED, Peyronie's disease (PD, and stress urinary incontinence (SUI. A concern with PRP, however, is early washout, a situation potentially avoided by conversion to platelet rich fibrin matrix (PRFM. Before clinical trials can be performed, safety analysis is desirable. We reviewed an initial series of patients receiving PRFM for urologic pathology to assess safety and feasibility. Materials and Methods: Data were reviewed for patients treated with PRFM at our center from November 2012 to July 2017. Patients were observed immediately post-injection and at follow-up for complications and tolerability. Where applicable, International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5 scores were reviewed before and after injections for ED and/or PD. Pad use data was collected pre/post injection for SUI. Results: Seventeen patients were identified, with a mean receipt of 2.1 injections per patient. Post-procedural minor adverse events were seen in 3 men, consisting of mild pain at injection site and mild penile bruising. No patients experienced complications at follow-up. No decline was observed in men completing pre/post IIEF-5 evaluations. Conclusions: PRFM appears to be a safe and feasible treatment modality in patients with urologic disease. Further placebo-controlled trials are warranted.
Lead particle size and its association with firing conditions and range maintenance: implications for treatment.
Dermatas, Dimitris; Chrysochoou, Maria
Six firing range soils were analyzed, representing different environments, firing conditions, and maintenance practices. The particle size distribution and lead (Pb) concentration in each soil fraction were determined for samples obtained from the backstop berms. The main factors that were found to influence Pb fragment size were the type of soil used to construct the berms and the type of weapon fired. The firing of high velocity weapons, i.e., rifles, onto highly angular soils induced significant fragmentation of the bullets and/or pulverization of the soil itself. This resulted in the accumulation of Pb in the finer soil fractions and the spread of Pb contamination beyond the vicinity of the backstop berm. Conversely, the use of clay as backstop and the use of low velocity pistols proved to be favorable for soil clean-up and range maintenance, since Pb was mainly present as large metallic fragments that can be recovered by a simple screening process. Other factors that played important roles in Pb particle size distribution were soil chemistry, firing distance, and maintenance practices, such as the use of water spray for dust suppression and deflectors prior to impact. Overall, coarse Pb particles provide much easier and more cost-effective maintenance, soil clean-up, and remediation via physical separation. Fine Pb particles release Pb more easily, pose an airborne Pb hazard, and require the application of stabilization/solidification treatment methods. Thus, to ensure sustainable firing range operations by means of cost-effective design, maintenance, and clean-up, especially when high velocity weapons are used, the above mentioned factors should be carefully considered.
and thus PTSD, is fear condition - ing. Fear conditioning is a Pavlovian response whereby a neutral stimulus is paired with an aversive stimulus until...for drug use, sleep disorders, and psychiatric and medical conditions via structured interview and laboratory tests. Inclu- sion criteria included the...Annual 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Role of Sleep Deprivation in Fear Conditioning and Extinction: Implications for
Alkalinity in oil field waters - what alkalinity is and how it is measured
Kaasa, B.; Oestvold, T.
The alkalinity is an important parameter in the description of pH-behaviour, buffer capacity and scaling potentials in oil field waters. Although the alkalinity is widely used, it seems to be considerable confusion in connection with the concept. It is often used incorrectly and different authors define the concept in different ways. Several different methods for the determination of alkalinity can be found in the literature. This paper discusses the definition of alkalinity and how to use alkalinity in oil field waters to obtain data of importance for scale and pH predictions. There is also shown how a simple titration of oil field waters can give both the alkalinity and the content of organic acids in these waters. It is obvious from these findings that most of the methods used to day may give considerable errors when applied to oil field waters with high contents of organic acids. 8 refs., 8 figs., 5 tabs
The alkaline earth borate glasses containing heavy metal oxides show good solubility of rare-earth ions. Glasses containing PbO exhibit low glass transition temperature (Tg) and high ..... These oxygen ions carry a partial negative charge and.
Malcolm Pitts; Jie Qi; Dan Wilson
Gelation technologies have been developed to provide more efficient vertical sweep efficiencies for flooding naturally fractured oil reservoirs or more efficient areal sweep efficiency for those with high permeability contrast ''thief zones''. The field proven alkaline-surfactant-polymer technology economically recovers 15% to 25% OOIP more oil than waterflooding from swept pore space of an oil reservoir. However, alkaline-surfactant-polymer technology is not amenable to naturally fractured reservoirs or those with thief zones because much of injected solution bypasses target pore space containing oil. This work investigates whether combining these two technologies could broaden applicability of alkaline-surfactant-polymer flooding into these reservoirs. A prior fluid-fluid report discussed interaction of different gel chemical compositions and alkaline-surfactant-polymer solutions. Gel solutions under dynamic conditions of linear corefloods showed similar stability to alkaline-surfactant-polymer solutions as in the fluid-fluid analyses. Aluminum-polyacrylamide, flowing gels are not stable to alkaline-surfactant-polymer solutions of either pH 10.5 or 12.9. Chromium acetate-polyacrylamide flowing and rigid flowing gels are stable to subsequent alkaline-surfactant-polymer solution injection. Rigid flowing chromium acetate-polyacrylamide gels maintained permeability reduction better than flowing chromium acetate-polyacrylamide gels. Silicate-polyacrylamide gels are not stable with subsequent injection of either a pH 10.5 or a 12.9 alkaline-surfactant-polymer solution. Neither aluminum citrate-polyacrylamide nor silicate-polyacrylamide gel systems produced significant incremental oil in linear corefloods. Both flowing and rigid flowing chromium acetate-polyacrylamide gels produced incremental oil with the rigid flowing gel producing the greatest amount. Higher oil recovery could have been due to higher differential pressures across cores. None of
Effect of thermal treatment conditions on properties of vanadium molybdenum oxide catalyst in acrolein oxidation reaction to acrylic acid
Gorshkova, T.P.; Tarasova, D.V.; Olen'kova, I.P.; Andrushkevich, T.V.; Nikoro, T.A.
The effect of thermal treatment conditions (temperature and gas medium) on properties of vanadium molybdenum oxide catalyst in acrolein oxidation reaction to acrylic acid is investigated. It is shown that active and selective catalysts are formed in the course of thermal decomposition of the drying product of ammonium metavanadate and paramolybdate under the conditions ensuring the vanadium ion reduction up to tetravalent state with conservation of molybdenum oxidation degree equal to 6. It is possible to realize it either by treatment of the catalyst calcinated in the air flow at 300 deg by the reaction mixture at the activation stage or by gas-reducer flow treatment at 280 deg. Thermal treatment in the reducing medium of the oxidized catalyst does not lead to complete regeneration of its properties
Alkaline hydrothermal stabilization of Cr(VI) in soil using glass and aluminum from recycled municipal solid wastes.
Gattullo, Concetta Eliana; D'Alessandro, Caterina; Allegretta, Ignazio; Porfido, Carlo; Spagnuolo, Matteo; Terzano, Roberto
Hexavalent chromium was stabilized in soil by using a mixture of glass and aluminum recovered from municipal solid wastes under alkaline hydrothermal conditions. Cr(VI) concentration was reduced by 94-98% already after 7days of treatment. After the same period, more than 90% of total Cr was stabilized in highly recalcitrant and scarcely mobile chemical forms, with 50% in the residual fraction (when the samples were treated at 1/10w/w mixture/soil ratio). Longer treatments increased Cr stabilization. X-ray microanalyses revealed that Cr was stabilized in geopolymeric structures within large aluminosilicate mineral aggregates (containing both amorphous and crystalline phases). 3D microstructural analyses showed a limited compaction of the soil with still a 20% internal porosity in the neoformed aggregates. Increased pH and salinity after the treatment can be restored by simple soil amendments and washing. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Enhanced biogas production from penicillin bacterial residue by thermal-alkaline pretreatment
Zhong, Weizhang; Li, Guixia; Gao, Yan; Li, Zaixing; Geng, Xiaoling; Li, Yubing; Yang, Jingliang; Zhou, Chonghui
In this study, the orthogonal experimental design was used to determine the optimum conditions for the effect of thermal alkaline; pretreatment on the anaerobic digestion of penicillin bacterial residue. The biodegradability of the penicillin; bacterial residue was evaluated by biochemical methane potential tests in laboratory. The optimum values of temperature,; alkali concentration, pretreatment time and moisture content for the thermal-alkaline pretreatment were determined as; 70 °C, 6% (w/v), 30 min, and 85%, respectively. Thermal-alkaline pretreatment could significantly enhance the soluble; chemical oxygen demand solubilization, the suspended solid solubilization and the biodegradability. Biogas production; was enhanced by the thermal-alkaline pretreatment, probably as a result of the breakdown of cell walls and membranes of; micro-organisms, which may facilitate the contact between organic molecules and anaerobic microorganisms.; Keywords: penicillin bacterial residue; anaerobic digestion; biochemical methane potential tests; pretreatment
The application of extraction chromatography for analysis of alkali and alkaline earth uranates
Tomazic, B.; Cukovic, M.
A method for rapid analysis of alkali and alkaline earth uranates is proposed. The method is based on the use of an HDEHP extraction chromatographic column, which makes possible quantitative separations of alkaline earth ions from macroamounts of uranium(VI). Composition of alkaline earth uranates, based on regression analysis, are presented. The results, which show that under the given experimental conditions alkaline earth triuranates precipitate, are in good agreement with previous data from same laboratory. In addition the HDEHP extraction chromatographic column can be suggested as a tool for separation of representative fission products from irradiated uranium for the purpose of determination of the burn-up factor of nuclear reactor materials. (T.G.)
EFFECTS OF ALKALINE SANDY LOAM ON SULFURIC SOIL ACIDITY AND SULFIDIC SOIL OXIDATION
Patrick S. Michael
Full Text Available  In poor soils, addition of alkaline sandy loam containing an adequate proportion of sand, silt and clay would add value by improving the texture, structure and organic matter (OM for general use of the soils. In acid sulfate soils (ASS, addition of alkaline sandy would improve the texture and leach out salts as well as add a sufficient proportion of OM for vegetation establishment. In this study, addition of alkaline sandy loam into sulfuric soil effectively increased the pH, lowered the redox and reduced the sulfate content, the magnitude of the effects dependent on moisture content. Addition of alkaline sandy loam in combination with OM was highly effective than the effects of the lone alkaline sandy loam. When alkaline sandy was added alone or in combination with OM into sulfidic soil, the effects on pH and the redox were similar as in the sulfuric soil but the effect on sulfate content was variable. The effects under aerobic conditions were higher than under anaerobic conditions. The findings of this study have important implications for the general management of ASS where lime availability is a concern and its application is limited.International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-3, June-August 2015Page: 42-54
Full scale treatment of phenolic coke coking waste water under unsteady conditions
Suschka, Jan [Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, Katowice (Poland); Morel, Jacek; Mierzwinski, Stanislaw; Januszek, Ryszard [Coke Plant Przyjazn, Dabrowa Gornicza (Poland)
Phenolic waste water from the largest coke coking plant in Poland is treated at a full technical scale. From the very beginning it became evident that very high qualitative variations in short and long periods were to be expected. For this purpose, the biological treatment plant based on activated sludge is protected through preliminary physical-chemical treatment and the results are secured by a final chemical stage of treatment. Nevertheless, improvements in the performance of the treatment plant have been found necessary to introduce. In this work, the experience gained over the last five years is described and developed improvements were presented. 3 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.
Economic evaluation of therapeutic sequences in the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and coexisting conditions
Antonio Cuneo
Full Text Available Economic evaluation of therapeutic sequences in the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and coexisting conditionsIntroductionChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL is a chronic lymphoproliferative syndrome and it is the most common hematological malignancy in Western countries. It has a tendency to develop subsequent relapses, so affected patients are likely to undergo more than one line of treatment.MethodsRather than evaluating the cost-effectiveness of individual therapeutic agents, it becomes therefore recommendable for decision-makers to identify an optimal sequencing of such agents. A four-year cost-consequence analysis was conducted, comparing three alternative strategies for the first-line treatment of patients with previously untreated CLL and coexisting conditions: i obinutuzumab with chlorambucil (Obi-Clb, ii rituximab with chlorambucil (Rtx-Clb, and iii ofatumumab with chlorambucil (Ofa-Clb. Only drug costs were considered in the analysis.ResultsIn two trials, median time to next treatment (TTNT was longer in Obi-Clb (51.1 months as compared to Rtx-Clb (38.2 months or to Ofa-Clb (39.8 months. Therefore, during a 48-month time horizon, patients treated with Obi-Clb would maintain on average the first line treatment; on the contrary, patients treated with Rtx-Clb or with Ofa-Clb would receive on average a second line treatment consisting in the majority of cases of ibrutinib monotherapy, or rituximab with idelalisib or rituximab with bendamustine. The sequence using Obi-Clb regimen in first line showed the lower mean cost of treatment: €22,958 over the 48-month time horizon. Sensitivity analyses on a couple of scenarios provided similar conclusions in terms of overall costs.ConclusionObi-Clb as first-line treatment appears a recommendable strategy in terms of drug costs in the treatment of patients with previously untreated CLL and coexisting conditions.
Improved electrodes and gas impurity investigations on alkaline electrolysers
Reissner, R.; Schiller, G.; Knoeri, T.
Alkaline water electrolysis for hydrogenproduction is a well-established techniquebut some technological issues regarding thecoupling of alkaline water electrolysis andRenewable Energy Sources (RES) remain tobe improved.......Alkaline water electrolysis for hydrogenproduction is a well-established techniquebut some technological issues regarding thecoupling of alkaline water electrolysis andRenewable Energy Sources (RES) remain tobe improved....
Fabrication of hydrogels with elasticity changed by alkaline phosphatase for stem cell culture.
Toda, Hiroyuki; Yamamoto, Masaya; Uyama, Hiroshi; Tabata, Yasuhiko
The objective of this study is to design hydrogels whose elasticity can be changed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in cell culture and evaluate the effect of hydrogel elasticity on an osteogenic gene expression of cells. Hydrogels were prepared by the radical polymerization of acrylamide (AAm), N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS), and Phosmer™M containing phosphate groups (PE-PAAm hydrogels). The storage modulus of PE-PAAm hydrogels prepared was changed by the preparation conditions. When human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) were cultured on the ALP-responsive PE-PAAm hydrogels in the presence or absence of ALP, the morphology of hMSC was observed and one of the osteogenic differentiation markers, Runx2, was evaluated. By ALP addition into the culture medium, the morphology of hMSC was changed into an elongated shape without cell damage. ALP addition modified the level of Runx2 gene expression, which was influenced by the modulus of PE-PAAm hydrogels. It is concluded that the elasticity change of hydrogel substrates in cell culture had an influence on the Runx2 gene expression of hMSC. Stem cells sense the surface elasticity of culture substrates, and their differentiation fate is biologically modified by substrate properties. Most of experiments have been performed in static conditions during cell culture, while the in vivo microenvironment is dynamically changed. In this study, we established to design an enzyme-responsive hydrogel whose elasticity can be changed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in cell culture to mimic in vivo conditions. As a result, the cells were deformed and the gene expression level of an osteogenic maker, Runx2, was modified by ALP treatment. This is the novel report describing to demonstrate that the dynamic alteration of hydrogel substrate elasticity could modulate the osteoblastic gene expression of human MSC in vitro. Copyright © 2015 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effect of operating conditions in soil aquifer treatment on the removals of pharmaceuticals and personal care products
He, Kai, E-mail: hekai@urban.env.kyoto-u.ac.jp; Echigo, Shinya; Itoh, Sadahiko
Soil aquifer treatment (SAT) is an alternative advanced treatment for wastewater reclamation, and it has the potential to control micropollutants including pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). However, the relationship of operating conditions in SAT and removals of micropollutants was not clear. In this study, the effects of operating conditions on the removals of PPCPs were evaluated by using lab-scale columns and plant pilot-scale reactors under different operating conditions. Firstly, weathered granite soil (WGS), standard sand (SAND) and Toyoura standard sand (TS) have different soil characteristics such as total organic carbon (TOC) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). In the columns with these packing materials, the removals of carboxylic analgesics and antilipidemics were effective regardless packing materials. The removals of antibiotics were more effective in WGS than in TS and SAND, indicating high TOC and CEC enhance the sorption in SAT. Secondly, with the extension of hydraulic retention time (HRT), the removals of sulfamethoxazole, acetaminophen, crotamiton, and antipyrine were improved in WGS columns, and adaptable biodegradation for moderately removable PPCPs was formed. Thirdly, the removal efficiencies of sulfamethoxazole and crotamiton were higher in the WGS column under vadose condition than in the WGS column under saturated condition, because of aerobic condition in WGS column under vadose condition. Though long HRT and vadose condition had positive influence on the removals of several PPCPs such as sulfamethoxazole, WGS column with an HRT of 7 days under saturated condition removed most PPCPs. - Highlights: • Soil organic matter and cation exchange capacity enhanced the removals of antibiotics in SAT. • A hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 7 days was sufficient for the removals of most PPCPs. • The removals of most selected PPCPs were similar under vadose and saturated conditions. • Vadose condition contributed to the
Theoretical analysis of municipal solid waste treatment by leachate recirculation under anaerobic and aerobic conditions
van Turnhout, A.G.; Brandstätter, Christian; Kleerebezem, R.; Fellner, Johann; Heimovaara, T.J.
Long-term emissions of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) landfills are a burden for future generations because of the required long-term aftercare. To shorten aftercare, treatment methods have to be developed that reduce long-term emissions. A treatment method that reduces emissions at a lysimeter
Analysis of longitudinal variations in North Pacific alkalinity
Fry, C.; Tyrrell, T.; Achterberg, E. P.
Carbon measurements in the ocean lack the coverage of physical measurements, so approximate alkalinity is predicted where data is unavailable. Surface alkalinity in the North Pacific is poorly characterised by predictive algorithms. Understanding the processes affecting alkalinity in this area can improve the equations. We investigated the causes of regional variations in alkalinity using GLODAPv2. We tested different hypotheses for the causes of three longitudinal phenomena in surface ocean values of Alk*, a tracer of calcium carbonate cycling. These phenomena are: (a) an increase in Alk* from east to west at 50°N, (b) an increase in Alk* from west to east at 30°N, and (c) a lack of a strong increase in Alk* from west to east in the equatorial upwelling area. We found that the most likely cause of higher Alk* on the western side of the subpolar North Pacific (at 50°N) is that denser isopycnals with higher Alk* lie at shallower depths on the western side than the eastern side. At 30°N, the main cause of higher Alk* on the eastern side of the basin is upwelling along the continental shelf of southwestern North America. Along the equator, our analyses suggest that the absence of a strong east-west trend is because the more intense upwelling on the eastern side of the basin does not, under normal conditions, lead to strong elevation of Alk*. However, surface Alk* is more strongly elevated in the eastern Equatorial Pacific during negative phases of the El-Nino-Southern Oscillation, probably because the upwelled water comes from greater depth at these times.
Proposal of conditioning of the not-in-use sealed sources which are stored in the Radioactive Wastes Treatment Facility
Jova, L.; Garcia, N.; Benitez, J.C.; Salgado, M.; Hernandez, A.
There is a considerable number of sealed sources which are no longer in use at the radioactive wastes treatment facility. In the present work a methodology is proposed for the final conditioning of these sources, based on their immobilization in a cement matrix. This cementation is accomplished within a 200-liter tank
Robust and predictive fuzzy key performance indicators for condition-based treatment of squats in railway infrastructures
Jamshidi, A.; Nunez Vicencio, Alfredo; Dollevoet, R.P.B.J.; Li, Z.
This paper presents a condition-based treatment methodology for a type of rail surface defect called squat. The proposed methodology is based on a set of robust and predictive fuzzy key performance indicators. A fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno interval model is used to predict squat evolution for different
Two-step upflow anaerobic sludge bed system for sewage treatment under subtropical conditions with posttreatment in waste stabilization ponds
Seghezzo, L.; Trupiano, A.P.; Liberal, V.; Todd, P.G.; Figueroa, M.E.; Gutierrez, M.A.; Silva Wilches, Da A.C.; Iribarnegaray, M.; Guerra, R.G.; Arena, A.; Cuevas, C.M.; Zeeman, G.; Lettinga, G.
A pilot-scale sewage treatment system consisting of two upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactors followed by five waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) in series was studied under subtropical conditions. The first UASB reactor started up in only 1 mo (stable operation, high chemical oxygen demand
The alkaline pre-filming process of the RWCU piping surface
Kao, D-Y.; Wen, T-J., E-mail: dahyukao@iner.gov.tw [Atomic Energy Council, Inst. of Nuclear Energy Research, Lungtan Taoyuan, Taiwan (China); Fong, C., E-mail: clinton@itri.org.tw [Industrial Technology Research Inst., Chutung, Hsinchu (China); Lu, J-H., E-mail: u879864@taipower.com.tw [Taiwan Power Co., Lungmen Nuclear Power Plant, Gongliao Township, Taipei County (China)
The radiation dose rate on a BWR can cause great damage to operators and their maintenances working quality, so it is very important to lower it. The RWCU of a BWR primary system has the highest radiation dose rate and deposition of an active corrosion product because of: continually cleaning the reactor water and the repeated, acute change of temperature. The Lungmen NPP was built as an advanced BWR (ABWR) system. All new ABWRs in Japan, such as Kashiwazaki-Kariwa NPP units K6 and K7, Hamaoka NPP unit H5, and Shika NPP unit2, were given in passivation treatment in the stage of nuclear heating or flow-induced vibration (FIV) testing before each plant's initial start up. The conditions of alkaline pre-filming process include: pH, dissolve oxygen (DO) and temperature. This project had been decided by the results of earlier water loop testing. Three kinds of specimens including stainless steel AISI SS316L and carbon steel SA106 GrB, SA333 Gr6 were put into the autoclave located at a bypass system during the process of passivation treatment. The materials of these specimens have been used in RWCU piping, and during the alkaline pre-filming process they were monitored by AC impedances and electrochemical corrosion potential (ECP). Their surface analyses including SEM, EDS, ESCA and SIMS data were obtained from the initial test, and obtained every six months thereafter. From the SEM plot of first issue it was found that the specimens' surface of all three different materials presented excellent levels of oxidized pellets. They are almost completely packed, for both large and small granules, and the porosity is less than 40%. The deposition tests of cobalt ion were also completed. The material of stainless steel was nearly not affected through the passive process. However, carbon steel could reduce about 30% to 50% of deposited cobalt ion. This result follows the conclusion of Hatch Company. Based on the nominal cost of radiation protection, i.e. 10000 USD
Organic Control of Dioctahedral and Trioctahedral Clay Formation in an Alkaline Soil System in the Pantanal Wetland of Nhecolândia, Brazil.
Barbiero, Laurent; Berger, Gilles; Rezende Filho, Ary T; Meunier, Jean-François; Martins-Silva, Elisângela R; Furian, Sonia
Recent studies have focused on the formation of authigenic clays in an alkaline soil system surrounding lakes of the Nhecolândia region, Pantanal wetland. The presence of trioctahedral Mg-smectites (stevensite and saponite types), which requires low Al and Fe contents in the soil solution for its formation, contrasts with the neoformation of dioctahedral Fe-mica (glauconite, and Fe-illite), which instead requires solutions relatively enriched in Al and Fe. This study aims to understand the conditions of co-existence of both, Mg-smectite and Fe-mica a common clay association in former or modern alkaline soil systems and sediments. The study was carried out along an alkaline soil catena representative of the region. The soil organization revealed that Mg-smectite occur in top soil close to the lake, whereas Fe-mica dominate in the clay fraction of deeper greenish horizons a few meters apart. We propose here that this spatial distribution is controlled by the lateral transfer of Fe and Al with organic ligands. Alkaline organic rich solutions (DOC up to 738 mg L-1) collected in the watertable were centrifuged and filtered through membranes of decreasing pore size (0.45 μm, 0.2 μm, 30 KDa, 10 KDa, 3 KDa) to separate colloidal and dissolved fractions. Fe, Al, Si, Mg and K were analysed for each fraction. Although the filtration had no influence on Si and K contents, almost 90% of Fe (up to 2.3 mg L-1) and Al (up to 7 mg L-1) are retained at the first cutoff threshold of 0.45μm. The treatment of the same solutions by oxygen peroxide before filtration shows that a large proportion of Fe and Al were bonded to organic colloids in alkaline soil solution at the immediate lake border, allowing Mg-smectite precipitation. The fast mineralization of the organic matter a few meters apart from the lake favors the release of Fe and Al necessary for Fe-mica neoformation. In comparison with chemical and mineralogical characteristics of alkaline environments described in the
Laurent Barbiero
Full Text Available Recent studies have focused on the formation of authigenic clays in an alkaline soil system surrounding lakes of the Nhecolândia region, Pantanal wetland. The presence of trioctahedral Mg-smectites (stevensite and saponite types, which requires low Al and Fe contents in the soil solution for its formation, contrasts with the neoformation of dioctahedral Fe-mica (glauconite, and Fe-illite, which instead requires solutions relatively enriched in Al and Fe. This study aims to understand the conditions of co-existence of both, Mg-smectite and Fe-mica a common clay association in former or modern alkaline soil systems and sediments. The study was carried out along an alkaline soil catena representative of the region. The soil organization revealed that Mg-smectite occur in top soil close to the lake, whereas Fe-mica dominate in the clay fraction of deeper greenish horizons a few meters apart. We propose here that this spatial distribution is controlled by the lateral transfer of Fe and Al with organic ligands. Alkaline organic rich solutions (DOC up to 738 mg L-1 collected in the watertable were centrifuged and filtered through membranes of decreasing pore size (0.45 μm, 0.2 μm, 30 KDa, 10 KDa, 3 KDa to separate colloidal and dissolved fractions. Fe, Al, Si, Mg and K were analysed for each fraction. Although the filtration had no influence on Si and K contents, almost 90% of Fe (up to 2.3 mg L-1 and Al (up to 7 mg L-1 are retained at the first cutoff threshold of 0.45μm. The treatment of the same solutions by oxygen peroxide before filtration shows that a large proportion of Fe and Al were bonded to organic colloids in alkaline soil solution at the immediate lake border, allowing Mg-smectite precipitation. The fast mineralization of the organic matter a few meters apart from the lake favors the release of Fe and Al necessary for Fe-mica neoformation. In comparison with chemical and mineralogical characteristics of alkaline environments described
Organic Control of Dioctahedral and Trioctahedral Clay Formation in an Alkaline Soil System in the Pantanal Wetland of Nhecolândia, Brazil
Meunier, Jean-François; Martins-Silva, Elisângela R.; Furian, Sonia
Oral conditions, periodontal status and periodontal treatment need of chronic kidney disease patients
Modupeoluwa Omotunde Soroye
Conclusion: Majority of the CKD patients reviewed had poor periodontal status with code 2 TN. We, therefore, recommend nonsurgical periodontal treatment for all CKD patients to improve their oral health and forestall the systemic effects of periodontal pathology.
Nitrate removal from alkaline high nitrate effluent by in situ generation of hydrogen using zinc dust
Rajagopal, S.; Chitra, S.; Paul, Biplob
Alkaline radioactive low level waste generated in Nuclear Fuel Cycle contains substantial amount of nitrate and needs to be treated to meet Central Pollution Control Board discharge limits of 90 mg/L in marine coastal area. Several denitrification methods like chemical treatment, electrochemical reduction, biological denitrification, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, photochemical reduction etc are followed for removal of nitrate. In effluent treatment plants where chemical treatment is carried out, chemical denitrification can be easily adapted without any additional set up. Reducing agents like zinc and aluminum are suitable for reducing nitrate in alkaline solution. Study on denitrification with zinc dust was taken up in this work. Not much work has been done with zinc dust on reduction of nitrate to nitrogen in alkaline waste with high nitrate content. In the present work, nitrate is reduced by nascent hydrogen generated in situ, caused by reaction between zinc dust and sodium hydroxide
Operant Conditioning Principles in the Treatment of Learning and Behavior Problems with Delinquent Boys
Bednar, Richard L.; And Others
This study on operant conditioning showed that both groups showed significant improvement in reading skills from pretest to posttest, but that the reinforced group showed significantly more improvement than the nonreinforced group. (Author)
Development of methods for treatment and conditioning of biological radioactive waste in the Czech Republic
Holub, J [NYCOM, Prague (Czech Republic)
Incineration of biological radioactive waste was performed in a facility manufactured in the Czech Republic for combustion of burnable, radioactive and non-radioactive residues. The equipment has shown an adequate capability for combustion of biological waste. Basic technical parameters of the incinerator SP-603 can guarantee combustion of majority of wastes from different radionuclide users in the country. To ensure proper further handling with the resulting ash, three conditioning options were studied, the bituminization process, incorporation into cement, and embedding of ash into a mixture of bituminous and cementitious materials. Mechanical properties of the conditioned ash were in good compliance with those published elsewhere. Bituminized ash exhibits lowest leachibility, followed by the ash conditioned by means of the mixed process. Potential abnormal operation conditions were evaluated and their consequences assessed. The evaluation encompassed sensitivity analysis of the consequences potentially affecting the operating staff, nearby population and the environment. Cost estimate was carried out using a national approach for the calculation. From the results it can be seen that there are no large differences between the conditioning and disposal of wastes resulting from different conditioning processes. (author). 16 refs, 4 figs, 15 tabs.
Holub, J.
Incineration of biological radioactive waste was performed in a facility manufactured in the Czech Republic for combustion of burnable, radioactive and non-radioactive residues. The equipment has shown an adequate capability for combustion of biological waste. Basic technical parameters of the incinerator SP-603 can guarantee combustion of majority of wastes from different radionuclide users in the country. To ensure proper further handling with the resulting ash, three conditioning options were studied, the bituminization process, incorporation into cement, and embedding of ash into a mixture of bituminous and cementitious materials. Mechanical properties of the conditioned ash were in good compliance with those published elsewhere. Bituminized ash exhibits lowest leachibility, followed by the ash conditioned by means of the mixed process. Potential abnormal operation conditions were evaluated and their consequences assessed. The evaluation encompassed sensitivity analysis of the consequences potentially affecting the operating staff, nearby population and the environment. Cost estimate was carried out using a national approach for the calculation. From the results it can be seen that there are no large differences between the conditioning and disposal of wastes resulting from different conditioning processes. (author). 16 refs, 4 figs, 15 tabs
Silicon Priming Created an Enhanced Tolerance in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Seedlings in Response to High Alkaline Stress.
Liu, Duo; Liu, Miao; Liu, Xiao-Long; Cheng, Xian-Guo; Liang, Zheng-Wei
Alkaline stress as a result of higher pH usually triggers more severe physiological damage to plants than that of saline stress with a neutral pH. In the present study, we demonstrated that silicon (Si) priming of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) seedlings increased their tolerance to high alkaline stress situations. Gongnong No. 1 seedlings were subjected to alkaline stress simulated by 25 mM Na 2 CO 3 (pH 11.2). Alkaline stress greatly decreased the biomass and caused severe lodging or wilting of alfalfa seedlings. In contrast, the application of Si to alfalfa seedlings 36 h prior to the alkaline treatment significantly alleviated the damage symptoms and greatly increased the biomass and chlorophyll content. Because of being concomitant with increasing photosynthesis and water use efficiency, decreasing membrane injury and malondialdehyde content, and increasing peroxidase and catalase ascorbate activities in alfalfa leaves, thereby alleviating the triggered oxidative damage by alkaline stress to the plant. Furthermore, Si priming significantly decreased the accumulation of protein and proline content in alfalfa, thus reducing photosynthetic feedback repression. Si priming significantly accumulated more Na in the roots, but led to a decrease of Na accumulation and an increase of K accumulation in the leaves under alkaline stress. Meanwhile, Si priming decreased the accumulation of metal ions such as Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn in the roots of alfalfa seedlings under alkaline stress. Collectively, these results suggested that Si is involved in the metabolic or physiological changes and has a potent priming effect on the alkaline tolerance of alfalfa seedlings. The present study indicated that Si priming is a new approach to improve the alkaline tolerance in alfalfa and provides increasing information for further exploration of the alkaline stress response at the molecular level in alfalfa.
Basic study of alkaline water electrolysis
Manabe, A.; Kashiwase, M.; Hashimoto, T.; Hayashida, T.; Kato, A.; Hirao, K.; Shimomura, I.; Nagashima, I.
In order to realize future hydrogen society, hydrogen production systems must meet the large demand of hydrogen usage. Alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) would be one of the candidate technologies to produce hydrogen on a large scale from renewable energy. We have conducted basic research into AWE, trying to reveal technical issues under zero gap system in new cell technology. The zero gap system contributes lower cell voltage without causing any major operating problems compared with conventional finite gap cell. However, it was observed that Ni base electrodes showed corrosion phenomena in a number of test trials including steady operating conditions and several shut-downs. Activated Raney Ni alloy coating for anode material had an advantage for oxygen overvoltage. It showed a saving of around 100 mV at 40 A/dm 2 (0.4 A/cm 2 ) against Ni bare anodes. In the Chlor–Alkali (C/A) industry, thermal decomposition coating of mixed noble metal on Ni substrate is commonly used for advanced activated cathodes. It showed very low hydrogen over-potential of around 100 mV in AWE. To achieve better cell performance, separator selection is very important. We evaluated several separators including ion exchange membrane (IEM) to understand the basic function in AWE. IEM for C/A electrolysis showed high cell voltage (over 2.2 V) but low O 2 impurity in H 2 gas. Hydrogen purity was over 99.95%. Porous separators made of polypropylene showed 1.76 V at 40 A/dm 2 (0.4 A/cm 2 ), 80 °C. But there was a weakness on the durability for continuous operation. Proper selection of separator is important in an actual plant for effective and safe cell operation. The concept of safety operation is referred to by diffusion coefficient of hydrogen
Effect of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment condition on adhesion of ramie fibers to polypropylene for composite
Li, Ying [College of Material and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314033 (China); Center for Plasma-Aided Manufacturing, Madison, WI 53706 (United States); School of Human Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 (United States); Manolache, Sorin [Center for Plasma-Aided Manufacturing, Madison, WI 53706 (United States); US Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53726 (United States); Qiu, Yiping, E-mail: ypqiu@dhu.edu.cn [College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620 (China); Sarmadi, Majid, E-mail: majidsar@wisc.edu [Center for Plasma-Aided Manufacturing, Madison, WI 53706 (United States); School of Human Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 (United States); Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 (United States)
Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • The continuous ethanol flow technique can successfully modify ramie fiber surface with an increase in IFSS value up to 50%. • Response surface methodology was applied to design the plasma treatment parameters for ramie fiber modification. • The ethanol flow rate was the most influential treatment parameter in plasma modification process. - Abstract: In order to improve the interfacial adhesion between hydrophilic ramie fibers and hydrophobic polypropylene (PP) matrices, ramie fibers are modified by atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma with our continuous ethanol flow technique in helium environment. A central composite design of experiments with different plasma processing parameter combinations (treatment current, treatment time and ethanol flow rate) is applied to find the most influential parameter and to obtain the best modification effect. Field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows the roughened surfaces of ramie fibers from the treated groups due to plasma etching effect. Dynamic contact angle analysis (DCAA) demonstrates that the wettability of the treated fibers drastically decreases. Microbond pullout test shows that the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) between treated ramie fibers and PP matrices increases significantly. Residual gas analysis (RGA) confirms the creation of ethyl groups during plasma treatment. This study shows that our continuous ethanol flow technique is effective in the plasma modification process, during which the ethanol flow rate is the most influential parameter but all parameters have simultaneous influence on plasma modification effect of ramie fibers.
Low-heat, mild alkaline pretreatment of switchgrass for anaerobic digestion.
Jin, Guang; Bierma, Tom; Walker, Paul M
This study examines the effectiveness of alkaline pretreatment under mild heat conditions (100°C or 212°F) on the anaerobic co-digestion of switchgrass. The effects of alkaline concentration, types of alkaline, heating time and rinsing were evaluated. In addition to batch studies, continuous-feed studies were performed in triplicate to identify potential digester operational problems caused by switchgrass co-digestion while accounting for uncertainty due to digester variability. Few studies have examined anaerobic digestion of switchgrass or the effects of mild heating to enhance alkaline pretreatment prior to biomass digestion. Results indicate that pretreatment can significantly enhance digestion of coarse-ground (≤ 0.78 cm particle size) switchgrass. Energy conversion efficiency as high as 63% was observed, and was comparable or superior to fine-grinding as a pretreatment method. The optimal NaOH concentration was found to be 5.5% (wt/wt alkaline/biomass) with a 91.7% moisture level. No evidence of operational problems such as solids build-up, poor mixing, or floating materials were observed. These results suggest the use of waste heat from a generator could reduce the concentration of alkaline required to adequately pretreat lignocellulosic feedstock prior to anaerobic digestion.
Pinus Pinaster surface treatment realized in spatial and temporal afterglow DBD conditions
Lecoq, E.; Clément, F.; Panousis, E.; Loiseau, J.-F.; Held, B.; Castetbon, A.; Guimon, C.
This experimental work deals with the exposition of Pinus Pinaster wood samples to a DBD afterglow. Electrical parameters like duty cycle and injected energy in the gas are being varied and the modifications induced by the afterglow on the wood are analysed by several macroscopic and microscopic ways like wettability, XPS analyses and also soaking tests of treated wood in a commercial fungicide solution. Soaking tests show that plasma treatment could enhance the absorption of fungicide into the wood. The wettability results point out that the plasma treatment can inflict on the wood different surface properties, making it hydrophilic or hydrophobic, when varying electrical parameters. XPS analyses reveal several chemical modifications like an increase of the O/C ratio and the presence of carboxyl groups on the surface after plasma treatments.
Effect of design and operational conditions on the performance of subsurface flow treatment wetlands: Emerging organic contaminants as indicators.
Kahl, Stefanie; Nivala, Jaime; van Afferden, Manfred; Müller, Roland A; Reemtsma, Thorsten
Six pilot-scale subsurface flow treatment wetlands loaded with primary treated municipal wastewater were monitored over one year for classical wastewater parameters and a set of emerging organic compounds (EOCs) serving as process indicators for biodegradation: caffeine, ibuprofen, naproxen, benzotriazole, diclofenac, acesulfame, and carbamazepine. The wetland technologies investigated included conventional horizontal flow, unsaturated vertical flow (single and two-stage), horizontal flow with aeration, vertical flow with aeration, and reciprocating. Treatment efficiency for classical wastewater parameters and EOCs generally increased with increasing design complexity and dissolved oxygen concentrations. The two aerated wetlands and the two-stage vertical flow system showed the highest EOC removal, and the best performance in warm season and most robust performance in the cold season. These three systems performed better than the adjacent conventional WWTP with respect to EOC removal. Acesulfame was observed to be removed (>90%) by intensified wetland systems and with use of a tertiary treatment sand filter during the warm season. Elevated temperature and high oxygen content (aerobic conditions) proved beneficial for EOC removal. For EOCs of moderate to low biodegradability, the co-occurrence of aerobic conditions and low content of readily available carbon appears essential for efficient removal. Such conditions occurred in the aerated systems and with use of a tertiary treatment sand filter. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Assessing effects of aerobic and anaerobic conditions on phosphorus sorption and retention capacity of water treatment residuals.
Oliver, Ian W; Grant, Cameron D; Murray, Robert S
Water treatment residuals (WTRs) are the by-products of drinking water clarification processes, whereby chemical flocculants such as alum or ferric chloride are added to raw water to remove suspended clay particles, organic matter and other materials and impurities. Previous studies have identified a strong phosphorus (P) fixing capacity of WTRs which has led to experimentation with their use as P-sorbing materials for controlling P discharges from agricultural and forestry land. However, the P-fixing capacity of WTRs and its capacity to retain sorbed P under anaerobic conditions have yet to be fully demonstrated, which is an issue that must be addressed for WTR field applications. This study therefore examined the capacity of WTRs to retain sorbed P and sorb further additional P from aqueous solution under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. An innovative, low cost apparatus was constructed and successfully used to rapidly establish anoxic conditions in anaerobic treatments. The results showed that even in treatments with initial solution P concentrations set at 100 mg l(-1), soluble reactive P concentrations rapidly fell to negligible levels (due to sorption by WTRs), while total P (i.e. dissolved + particulate and colloidal P) was less than 3 mg l(-1). This equated to an added P retention rate of >98% regardless of anaerobic or aerobic status, indicating that WTRs are able to sorb and retain P in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Idiopathic burning mouth syndrome: a common treatment-refractory somatoform condition responsive to ECT.
McGirr, Alexander; Davis, Lindsay; Vila-Rodriguez, Fidel
Somatic symptom disorders are common causes of disability and suffering, and can pose significant management challenges. Idiopathic burning mouth syndrome is a challenging somatic symptom disorder with relatively high prevalence, particularly among post-menopausal women. Here, we present the case of a woman with severe treatment refractory idiopathic burning mouth syndrome and comorbid major depressive disorder, who was successfully treated with bitemporal electroconvulsive therapy. This case highlights the potential effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy in idiopathic burning mouth syndrome when other treatment options have been exhausted. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Practical Fluid Therapy and Treatment Modalities for Field Conditions for Horses and Foals with Gastrointestinal Problems.
Fielding, C Langdon
With advances in technology and owner education, field management in equine veterinary medicine continues to evolve. Equine gastrointestinal disease is one of the most common types of emergencies evaluated by equine practitioners, and many of these patients can be effectively managed in the field. Although the equine veterinarian must make numerous decisions, fluid therapy, pain management, and antimicrobial use are 3 of the major choices that must be addressed when initiating field treatment of equine gastrointestinal disease. This article addresses the practical use of these 3 treatment categories that are essential to field practice. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Mechanistic studies of the alkaline degradation of cellulose in cement
Greenfield, B.F.; Robertson, G.P.; Spindler, M.W.; Harrison, W.N.; Somers, P.J.
The alkaline degradation of cellulose-based materials under conditions simulating those of a deep underground radioactive waste repository has been investigated. A number of key degradation products, of which 2-C-(hydroxymethyl)-3-deoxy-D-pentonic acid (isosaccharinic acid) is the most important, have been synthesised, and the solubilities of their plutonium complexes have been determined. Analysis of leachates of anaerobically degraded cellulose has shown concentrations of organic acids which are broadly consistent with the enhanced plutonium solubilities found in these leachates. Reaction mechanisms have been identified that can lead to isosaccharinic acid production by non-oxidative transformations, which may be catalysed by some divalent cations. (Author)
Expression and Characterization of Coprothermobacter proteolyticus Alkaline Serine Protease
Tanveer Majeed
Full Text Available A putative protease gene (aprE from the thermophilic bacterium Coprothermobacter proteolyticus was cloned and expressed in Bacillus subtilis. The enzyme was determined to be a serine protease based on inhibition by PMSF. Biochemical characterization demonstrated that the enzyme had optimal activity under alkaline conditions (pH 8–10. In addition, the enzyme had an elevated optimum temperature (60°C. The protease was also stable in the presence of many surfactants and oxidant. Thus, the C. proteolyticus protease has potential applications in industries such as the detergent market.
Alkaline pH activates the transport activity of GLUT1 in L929 fibroblast cells.
Gunnink, Stephen M; Kerk, Samuel A; Kuiper, Benjamin D; Alabi, Ola D; Kuipers, David P; Praamsma, Riemer C; Wrobel, Kathryn E; Louters, Larry L
The widely expressed mammalian glucose transporter, GLUT1, can be acutely activated in L929 fibroblast cells by a variety of conditions, including glucose deprivation, or treatment with various respiration inhibitors. Known thiol reactive compounds including phenylarsine oxide and nitroxyl are the fastest acting stimulators of glucose uptake, implicating cysteine biochemistry as critical to the acute activation of GLUT1. In this study, we report that in L929 cells glucose uptake increases 6-fold as the pH of the uptake solution is increased from 6 to 9 with the half-maximal activation at pH 7.5; consistent with the pKa of cysteine residues. This pH effect is essentially blocked by the pretreatment of the cells with either iodoacetamide or cinnamaldehyde, compounds that form covalent adducts with reduced cysteine residues. In addition, the activation by alkaline pH is not additive at pH 8 with known thiol reactive activators such as phenylarsine oxide or hydroxylamine. Kinetic analysis in L929 cells at pH 7 and 8 indicate that alkaline conditions both increases the Vmax and decreases the Km of transport. This is consistent with the observation that pH activation is additive to methylene blue, which activates uptake by increasing the Vmax, as well as to berberine, which activates uptake by decreasing the Km. This suggests that cysteine biochemistry is utilized in both methylene blue and berberine activation of glucose uptake. In contrast a pH increase from 7 to 8 in HCLE cells does not further activate glucose uptake. HCLE cells have a 25-fold higher basal glucose uptake rate than L929 cells and the lack of a pH effect suggests that the cysteine biochemistry has already occurred in HCLE cells. The data are consistent with pH having a complex mechanism of action, but one likely mediated by cysteine biochemistry. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Power ultrasound irradiation during the alkaline etching process of the 2024 aluminum alloy
Moutarlier, V.; Viennet, R.; Rolet, J.; Gigandet, M. P.; Hihn, J. Y.
Prior to any surface treatment on an aluminum alloy, a surface preparation is necessary. This commonly consists in performing an alkaline etching followed by acid deoxidizing. In this work, the use of power ultrasound irradiation during the etching step on the 2024 aluminum alloy was studied. The etching rate was estimated by weight loss, and the alkaline film formed during the etching step was characterized by glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GDOES) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The benefit of power ultrasound during the etching step was confirmed by pitting potential measurement in NaCl solution after a post-treatment (anodizing).
Explicit treatment for Dirichlet, Neumann and Cauchy boundary conditions in POD-based reduction of groundwater models
Gosses, Moritz; Nowak, Wolfgang; Wöhling, Thomas
In recent years, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) has become a popular model reduction method in the field of groundwater modeling. It is used to mitigate the problem of long run times that are often associated with physically-based modeling of natural systems, especially for parameter estimation and uncertainty analysis. POD-based techniques reproduce groundwater head fields sufficiently accurate for a variety of applications. However, no study has investigated how POD techniques affect the accuracy of different boundary conditions found in groundwater models. We show that the current treatment of boundary conditions in POD causes inaccuracies for these boundaries in the reduced models. We provide an improved method that splits the POD projection space into a subspace orthogonal to the boundary conditions and a separate subspace that enforces the boundary conditions. To test the method for Dirichlet, Neumann and Cauchy boundary conditions, four simple transient 1D-groundwater models, as well as a more complex 3D model, are set up and reduced both by standard POD and POD with the new extension. We show that, in contrast to standard POD, the new method satisfies both Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. It can also be applied to Cauchy boundaries, where the flux error of standard POD is reduced by its head-independent contribution. The extension essentially shifts the focus of the projection towards the boundary conditions. Therefore, we see a slight trade-off between errors at model boundaries and overall accuracy of the reduced model. The proposed POD extension is recommended where exact treatment of boundary conditions is required.
Acidic Attack Resistance of Cement Mortar Treated with Alkaline
Nadia Nazhat Sabeeh
Full Text Available The negative effect of acidic attack on the properties of concrete and cement mortar is a topic of increasing significance in the recent years. Many attempts has occurred to mitigate this negative impact by improving the properties of concrete and increase resistance to acids by using additives. The present study includes treatment of sand by alkaline material and examine the effect of treatment on cement mortar resistance towards hydrochloric and sulfuric acid. Results show that sand treatment by alkaline material significantly enhance mortar ability to resist acids. In terms of loss weight, the maximum weight rate gain was 25.54% for specimens immersed in Hydrochloric acid with water cement ratio 40%. For specimens immersed in HCl, the average gain in compressive strength is (20.15-19.433% for w/c (40-45% respectively. The average gain in modulus of rupture toward the influence of H2SO4 is (18.37–17.99% for w/c (40-45%, respectively.
38 CFR 3.381 - Service connection of dental conditions for treatment purposes.
... treatment purposes. (a) Treatable carious teeth, replaceable missing teeth, dental or alveolar abscesses, and periodontal disease will be considered service-connected solely for the purpose of establishing... will consider each defective or missing tooth and each disease of the teeth and periodontal tissues...
Biological treatment of sulfidic spent caustics under haloalkaline conditions using soda lake bacteria
Graaff, de C.M.
In this thesis, the development of a newbiotechnological process for the treatment of undiluted sulfidic spent caustics (SSC’s) using soda lake bacteria is described. SSC’s are waste solutions that are formed in the oil and gas industry due to the caustic (NaOH) scrubbing of hydrocarbon streams
Maprotiline treatment differentially influences cardiac β-adrenoreceptors expression under normal and stress conditions
Natasa Spasojevic
Full Text Available Alterations in cardiac function were observed in antidepressants treated patients and published in several clinical reports. These detected changes could be either a consequence of the treatment or of depression itself, which has already been proved to be a risk factor in heart diseases. In order to determine a possible influence of chronic treatment with norepinephrinergic reuptake inhibitor, maprotiline, on the heart, we investigated gene expression of cardiac β-adrenoceptors both in controls and in animals with signs of depression. The rats were divided into two groups, unstressed controls and those exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS. The groups were further divided into two subgroups, one receiving daily intraperitoneal injections of vehicle (sterile water and another one maprotiline (10 mg/kg for four weeks. Tissue samples were collected after the last application. Gene expression of cardiac β1- and β2-adrenoceptor was determined using Real-time RT-PCR analysis. Our results show that in control animals expression of both adrenoreceptors was decreased in the right atria after 4 weeks of maprotiline application. Contrary, the same treatment led to a significant increase in expression of cardiac β1-adrenoceptor in the stressed rats, with no change in the characteristics of β2-adrenoceptor. Our findings might reflect the that molecular mechanisms are underlying factors involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases linked with antidepressant treatment.
Performance of crossbred calves raised on different dietary treatments under smallholder dairy farm conditions
Lyimo, H L N; Laswai, G H; Mtenga, L A
and was formulated using locally available feed resources. Twenty-seven (27) male calves, with birth weight 32 ± 1.5 kg were randomly allocated to three treatments, whereby Treatment 1 (DC) calves were fed the developed concentrate, Treatment 2 (FC) calves were fed a common home made dairy cow concentrate (CP 130 g......An on-farm study was carried out in Tanzania to assess the performance of crossbred (Frisian/Ayrshire x Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu) dairy calves fed on a concentrate, previously developed and tested on-station. The developed concentrate contained 189 g crude protein (CP) and 13 ME MJ per kg DM...... and ME 13 MJ per kg DM) used by farmers in the study area. Treatment 3 (FP) was a control, where farmers followed their normal calf rearing practice with no interference. Restricted suckling, ad libitum feeding of forages and up to 1 kg concentrate were used for the calves on DC and FC. Weaning was at 12...
An audit of thiopurine methyltransferase genotyping and phenotyping before intended azathioprine treatment for dermatological conditions
Vestergaard, T; Bygum, A
, and (iii) duration of treatment. Secondary outcome measures were the effect of the drug, any reported side-effects and reasons for not starting azathioprine. Results. TPMT assays were undertaken in 212 patients, of whom 90.6% were TPMT wild type and the remaining 9.4% were TPMT heterozygous. None...
The Structure Characteristics and Air Permeability of PA and PES Plain and Plated Knits Influenced of Antimicrobial Treatment Conditions
Agne MICKEVIÄŒIENÄ–
Full Text Available Textile materials are usually exposed to thermal, physical and mechanical effects during treatment processes. These influence the changes of material dimensions. Designing knitted products it is important to predict direction and rate of dimensions change, because this can affect physical properties such as air permeability of knits. The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of antimicrobial treatment conditions on the structure characteristics, thickness and air permeability of plain and plaited knits. The investigations were carried out with two groups of plain and plated single jersey knits. The face yarns of these groups were cotton, bamboo viscose yarn and polyester (Dacron® thread. 10 tex × 2 textured polyamide (PA and 20 tex textured polyester (PES threads were used as the base threads in plated knits. Knitted samples were treated with antimicrobial material Isys AG and organic-inorganic binder Isys MTX (CHT, Germany. It was established that blank and antimicrobial treated knits changed structure parameters, thickness and air permeability. The changes of structure parameters, thickness and air permeability were more associated with conditions of treatment (temperature, treatment in solution, mechanical action rather than with antimicrobial and sol-gel substances used in treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.20.3.3196
Posttranslational heterogeneity of bone alkaline phosphatase in metabolic bone disease.
Langlois, M R; Delanghe, J R; Kaufman, J M; De Buyzere, M L; Van Hoecke, M J; Leroux-Roels, G G
Bone alkaline phosphatase is a marker of osteoblast activity. In order to study the posttranscriptional modification (glycosylation) of bone alkaline phosphatase in bone disease, we investigated the relationship between mass and catalytic activity of bone alkaline phosphatase in patients with osteoporosis and hyperthyroidism. Serum bone alkaline phosphatase activity was measured after lectin precipitation using the Iso-ALP test kit. Mass concentration of bone alkaline phosphatase was determined with an immunoradiometric assay (Tandem-R Ostase). In general, serum bone alkaline phosphatase mass and activity concentration correlated well. The activity : mass ratio of bone alkaline phosphatase was low in hyperthyroidism. Activation energy of the reaction catalysed by bone alkaline phosphatase was high in osteoporosis and in hyperthyroidism. Experiments with neuraminidase digestion further demonstrated that the thermodynamic heterogeneity of bone alkaline phosphatase can be explained by a different glycosylation of the enzyme.
Tolerability and Healthcare Utilization in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients Undergoing Treatment for Tuberculosis-Related Conditions.
Hamadah, Abdurrahman M; Beaulieu, Lynn M; Wilson, John W; Aksamit, Timothy R; Gregoire, James R; Williams, Amy W; Dillon, John J; Albright, Robert C; Onuigbo, Macaulay; Iyer, Venkateshwaran K; Hickson, LaTonya J
The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in end-stage renal disease is significantly higher than that in the general population. Among those with kidney dysfunction, anti-TB treatment is associated with increased side effects, but the effect on healthcare utilization is unknown. Methods/Aim: To assess patient-reported symptoms, adverse effects and describe changes in healthcare utilization patterns during treatment for TB, we conducted a case series (n = 12) of patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (HD) from Mayo Clinic Dialysis Services and concurrent drug therapy for TB from January 2002 through May 2014. Healthcare utilization (hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits independent of hospital admission) was compared before and during treatment. Patients were treated for latent (n = 7) or active (n = 5) TB. The majority of patients with latent disease were treated with isoniazid (n = 5, 71%), while active-disease patients received a 4-drug regimen. Adverse effects were reported in 83% of patients. Compared to measurements prior to drug initiation, serum albumin and dialysis weights were similar at 3 months. Commonly reported anti-TB drug toxicities were described. More than half (58%) of the patients were hospitalized at least once. No ED or hospital admissions occurred in the period prior to drug therapy, but healthcare utilization increased during treatment in the latent disease group (hospitalization rate per person-month: pre 0 vs. post 1). Among HD patients, anti-TB therapy is associated with frequently reported symptoms and increased healthcare utilization. Among this subset, patients receiving treatment for latent disease may be those with greatest increase in healthcare use. Careful monitoring and early complication detection may help optimize medication adherence and minimize hospitalizations. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.
Investigation on the co-precipitation of transuranium elements from alkaline solutions by the method of appearing reagents
Krot, N.; Shilov, V.; Bessonov, A.; Budantseva, N.; Charushnikova, I.; Perminov, V.; Astafurova, L.
Highly alkaline radioactive waste solutions originating from production of plutonium for military purposes are stored in underground tanks at the U.S. Department of Energy Hanford Site. The purification of alkaline solutions from neptunium and plutonium is important in the treatment and disposal of these wastes. This report describes scoping tests with sodium hydroxide solutions, where precipitation techniques were investigated to perform the separation. Hydroxides of iron (III), manganese (II), cobalt (II, III), and chromium (III); manganese (IV) oxide, and sodium uranate were investigated as carriers. The report describes the optimum conditions that were identified to precipitate these carriers homogeneously throughout the solution by reductive, hydrolytic, or catalytic decomposition of alkali-soluble precursor compounds by a technique called the Method of Appearing Reagents. The coprecipitation of pentavalent and hexavalent neptunium and plutonium was investigated for the candidate agents under optimum conditions and is described in this report along with the following results. Plutonium coprecipitated well with all tested materials except manganese (IV) oxide. Neptunium only coprecipitated well with uranate. The report presents a hypothesis to explain these behaviors. Further tests with more complex solution matrices must be performed
Krot, N.; Shilov, V.; Bessonov, A.; Budantseva, N.; Charushnikova, I.; Perminov, V.; Astafurova, L. [Russian Academy of Science (Russian Federation). Inst. of Physical Chemistry
Highly alkaline radioactive waste solutions originating from production of plutonium for military purposes are stored in underground tanks at the U.S. Department of Energy Hanford Site. The purification of alkaline solutions from neptunium and plutonium is important in the treatment and disposal of these wastes. This report describes scoping tests with sodium hydroxide solutions, where precipitation techniques were investigated to perform the separation. Hydroxides of iron (III), manganese (II), cobalt (II, III), and chromium (III); manganese (IV) oxide, and sodium uranate were investigated as carriers. The report describes the optimum conditions that were identified to precipitate these carriers homogeneously throughout the solution by reductive, hydrolytic, or catalytic decomposition of alkali-soluble precursor compounds by a technique called the Method of Appearing Reagents. The coprecipitation of pentavalent and hexavalent neptunium and plutonium was investigated for the candidate agents under optimum conditions and is described in this report along with the following results. Plutonium coprecipitated well with all tested materials except manganese (IV) oxide. Neptunium only coprecipitated well with uranate. The report presents a hypothesis to explain these behaviors. Further tests with more complex solution matrices must be performed.
40 CFR 266.220 - What does a storage and treatment conditional exemption do?
... (CONTINUED) SOLID WASTES (CONTINUED) STANDARDS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF SPECIFIC HAZARDOUS WASTES AND SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES Conditional Exemption for Low-Level Mixed Waste Storage... exemption exempts your low-level mixed waste from the regulatory definition of hazardous waste in 40 CFR 261...
Conditioned Side Effects Induced by Cancer Chemotherapy: Prevention Through Behavioral Treatment.
Burish, Thomas G.; And Others
Studied cancer patients (N=24) in order to determine whether conditioned nausea and vomiting could be delayed or prevented. Indicated that patients receiving progressive muscle relaxation training and guided imagery had significantly less nausea and vomiting and significanty lower blood pressures, pulse rates, and dysphoria, especially anxiety,…
Comparison of two long acting pre-lambing anthelmintic treatments on the productivity of ewes in low body condition.
Bingham, C; Hodge, A; Mariadass, B
To determine if there was a benefit from treating ewes with a low body condition score (BCS) with long acting anthelmintic products pre-lambing and to compare the effects of two commonly used treatment options. The study was conducted on a single commercial hill country sheep and beef property in the central North Island of New Zealand. Mixed age twin-bearing ewes were preselected by the farmer as being in poor condition 4 weeks before the planned start of lambing, and were sequentially drafted into three equal groups identified with coloured ear tags. The negative control group (n=199) received no anthelmintic treatment; the other two groups received either a controlled release capsule (CRC) containing abamectin, albendazole, Se and Co (n=200) or a long-acting injection of moxidectin (n=200). All ewes were body condition scored (1-5 scale) and weighed at pre-lambing, docking (65 days after treatment) and at weaning (127 days after treatment). Faecal nematode egg counts (FEC) were carried out on 10 ewes from each group at these three times. Most lambs were matched to the ewe treatment groups at weaning, and weighed. At weaning the mean body weight of ewes treated with moxidectin was 3.2 (95% CI=2.3-4.3) kg heavier than controls, and of ewes treated with CRC was 3.6 (95% CI=2.5-4.5) kg heavier than control ewes (pewes had a BCS≥3. At weaning, more ewes treated with CRC (140/194; 72%) or moxidectin (122/187; 65%) had a BCS≥3 than control ewes (55/179 (31%); pewes from the treatment groups, the mean weight at weaning of lambs from ewes treated with moxidectin was 2.6 (95% CI=1.9-3.3) kg heavier, and from ewes treated with CRC was 2.6 (95% CI=1.9-3.4) kg heavier than lambs from control ewes (pewes with low BCS pre-lambing with long acting anthelmintic treatments (moxidectin long acting injection or CRC) resulted in an increase in mean body weight of the ewes and lambs at weaning. There were no significant differences between the two pre-lambing treatments used
High temperature and pressure alkaline electrolysis
Allebrod, Frank; Chatzichristodoulou, Christodoulos; Mogensen, Mogens Bjerg
Alkaline electrolyzers have proven to operate reliable for decades on a large scale, but in order to become commercially attractive and compete against conventional technologies for hydrogen production, the production and investment costs have to be reduced. This may occur by increasing the opera......Alkaline electrolyzers have proven to operate reliable for decades on a large scale, but in order to become commercially attractive and compete against conventional technologies for hydrogen production, the production and investment costs have to be reduced. This may occur by increasing...
Catalytic oxidation of soot over alkaline niobates
Pecchi, G.; Cabrera, B.; Buljan, A.; Delgado, E.J.; Gordon, A.L.; Jimenez, R.
Highlights: ► No previous reported studies about alkaline niobates as catalysts for soot oxidation. ► NaNbO 3 and KNbO 3 perovskite-type oxides show lower activation energy than other lanthanoid perovskite-type oxides. ► The alkaline niobate does not show deactivation by metal loss. - Abstract: The lack of studies in the current literature about the assessment of alkaline niobates as catalysts for soot oxidation has motivated this research. In this study, the synthesis, characterization and assessment of alkaline metal niobates as catalysts for soot combustion are reported. The solids MNbO 3 (M = Li, Na, K, Rb) are synthesized by a citrate method, calcined at 450 °C, 550 °C, 650 °C, 750 °C, and characterized by AAS, N 2 adsorption, XRD, O 2 -TPD, FTIR and SEM. All the alkaline niobates show catalytic activity for soot combustion, and the activity depends basically on the nature of the alkaline metal and the calcination temperature. The highest catalytic activity, expressed as the temperature at which combustion of carbon black occurs at the maximum rate, is shown by KNbO 3 calcined at 650 °C. At this calcination temperature, the catalytic activity follows an order dependent on the atomic number, namely: KNbO 3 > NaNbO 3 > LiNbO 3 . The RbNbO 3 solid do not follow this trend presumably due to the perovskite structure was not reached. The highest catalytic activity shown by of KNbO 3 , despite the lower apparent activation energy of NaNbO 3 , stress the importance of the metal nature and suggests the hypothesis that K + ions are the active sites for soot combustion. It must be pointed out that alkaline niobate subjected to consecutive soot combustion cycles does not show deactivation by metal loss, due to the stabilization of the alkaline metal inside the perovskite structure.
Alkaline earth filled nickel skutterudite antimonide thermoelectrics
Singh, David Joseph
A thermoelectric material including a body centered cubic filled skutterudite having the formula A.sub.xFe.sub.yNi.sub.zSb.sub.12, where A is an alkaline earth element, x is no more than approximately 1.0, and the sum of y and z is approximately equal to 4.0. The alkaline earth element includes guest atoms selected from the group consisting of Be, Mb, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra and combinations thereof. The filled skutterudite is shown to have properties suitable for a wide variety of thermoelectric applications.
The non-condition logistic regression analysis of the reason of hypothyroidism after hyperthyroidism with 131I treatment
Dang Yaping; Hu Guoying; Meng Xianwen
There are many opinions on the reason of hypothyroidism after hyperthyroidism with 131 I treatment. In this respect, there are a few scientific analyses and reports. The non-condition logistic regression solved this problem successfully. It has a higher scientific value and confidence in the risk factor analysis. 748 follow-up patients' data were analysed by the non-condition logistic regression. The results shown that the half-life and 131 I dose were the main causes of the incidence of hypothyroidism. The degree of confidence is 92.4%
Sintering-alkaline processing of borosilicate ores of Tajikistan
Nazarov, F.A.
The aim of the work is to study the processes of decomposition of boron-containing ore by sintering with NaOH, finding the optimal parameters of the decomposition process, studying the kinetics of processes and developing the technological foundations for ore processing. The processes of borosilicate ore processing were studied by sintering with NaOH. Possible mechanisms of chemical reactions of the process of sintering-alkaline decomposition of boron-containing ore are established, the results of which are substantiated by physicochemical methods of analysis. A principal technological scheme for processing of borosilicate ores by a sintering-alkaline method has been developed. In the first chapter, data on alkaline and caking processes for processing boron-containing and aluminium comprising raw materials are available in the literature. Based on this, the directions of our own research are outlined. The second chapter is devoted to the study of the chemical and mineralogical compositions of borosilicate ores and their concentrates with the help of X-ray phase and chemical analysis methods, the stoichiometric calculation of the formation of aluminum, iron, and boron salts has been carried out, and a thermodynamic analysis of the processes of sintering borosilicate ores with alkali has been considered. The third chapter presents the results of a study of sintering-alkaline method of processing of initial borosilicate ore of the Ak-Arkhar Deposit and its concentrate without calcination and after calcination. The kinetics of sintering of borosilicate ores with sodium hydroxide was studied. The optimal conditions of borosilicate ore sintering before and after the preliminary calcination with alkali were determined. Optimal parameters of the sintering process have been found: sintering temperature 800-8500 deg C, duration of the process - 60 minutes, mass ratio of NaOH to raw materials 2: 1. The conditions for sintering of borosilicate concentrate with alkali have been
Mineralogical, petrological and geochemical aspects of alkaline and alkaline-carbonatite associations from Brazil
Morbidelli, L.; Gomes, C. B.; Beccaluva, L.; Brotzu, P.; Conte, A. M.; Ruberti, E.; Traversa, G.
A general description of Mesozoic and Tertiary (Fortaleza) Brazilian alkaline and alkaline-carbonatite districts is presented with reference to mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry and geochronology. It mainly refers to scientific results obtained during the last decade by an Italo-Brazilian research team. Alkaline occurrences are distributed across Brazilian territory from the southern (Piratini, Rio Grande do Sul State) to the northeastern (Fortaleza, Ceará State) regions and are mainly concentrated along the borders of the Paraná Basin generally coinciding with important tectonic lineaments. The most noteworthy characteristics of these alkaline and alkaline-carbonatite suites are: (i) prevalence of intrusive forms; (ii) abundance of cumulate assemblages (minor dunites, frequent clinopyroxenites and members of the ijolite series) and (iii) abundance of evolved rock-types. Many data demonstrate that crystal fractionation was the main process responsible for magma evolution of all Brazilian alkaline rocks. A hypothesis is proposed for the genesis of carbonatite liquids by immiscibility processes. The incidence of REE and trace elements for different major groups of lithotypes, belonging both to carbonatite-bearing and carbonatite-free districts, are documented. Sr and preliminary Nd isotopic data are indicative of a mantle origin for the least evolved magmas of all the studied occurrences. Mantle source material and melting models for the generation of the Brazilian alkaline magma types are also discussed.
Stomathologycal conditions in cancer patients during and after cancer treatment: narrative literature review.
Rebolledo-Cobos, Martha Leonor; Toloza-Gutiérrez, Olga Patricia; Alonso-Brujes, Iran David
Introduction: The consequences of antineoplastic treatments bring about oralimplications and worsening of other lesions established prior to the oncological diagnosis, regardless of the organ affected by the tumor. Complications such as oral mucositis, oral candidiasis, trismus, xerostomia, caries, among other lesions, occur frequently and may be transient in the course of the application of cancer therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy; others prevail after completion of these ther...
The oral health condition and treatment needs assessment of nursing home residents in Flanders (Belgium).
Janssens, B; Vanobbergen, J; Petrovic, M; Jacquet, W; Schols, J M G A; De Visschere, L
A study was conducted of nursing home residents with limited access to regular oral health care services to evaluate their oral health status, to perform an assessment of the need for oral treatment and to determine the possible predicting value of age, gender, care dependency and income level on their oral health status and treatment needs. Three experienced dentists collected clinical oral health data with a mobile dental unit in 23 nursing homes. Socio-demographic data were extracted from the residents' records in the nursing home. Besides the descriptive and bivariate analysis, a general linear mixed model analysis was also performed with the nursing home as random effect. The study sample consisted of 1,226 residents with a mean age of 83.9 years, of which 41.9% were edentulous. The mean D₃MFt in the dentate group was 24.5 and 77% needed extractions or fillings. In the group of residents wearing removable dentures, 36.9% needed repair, rebasing or renewal of the denture. The mixed model analysis demonstrated that with each year a resident gets older, the oral health outcomes get worse and that men have worse oral health and higher treatment needs than women. However, the level of income and care dependency had a less extensive role in predicting the oral health outcomes. The nursing home residents presented a poor overall oral health status and high dental and prosthetic treatment needs. Gender and age were important predicting variables for the oral health outcomes. Copyright© 2017 Dennis Barber Ltd.
Is Photodynamic Therapy with Adjunctive Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy Effective in the Treatment of Periodontal Disease under Immunocompromised Conditions
Javed, F.; Hezaimi, K.A.; Qadri, T.; Ahmed, H.B.; Corbet, F.E.; Romanos, G.E.
The aim was to assess whether or not photodynamic therapy (PDT) with adjunctive scaling-and-root-planing (SRP) is effective in the treatment of periodontitis under immunocompromised conditions. PubMed/Medline and Google-Scholar databases were searched from 1967 to May 2013 using various key words. Six studies (five experimental and one clinical) were included. In the clinical study, SRP with PDT was reported to be ineffective in treating chronic periodontitis in T2DM patients. All experimental studies reported significantly less bone loss in periodontal defects treated with SRP+PDT than those treated with SRP alone. Efficacy of PDT+SRP in the treatment of periodontal disease under immunocompromised conditions remains unclear. (author)
Javed, F.; Hezaimi, K. A. [King Saud Univ., Riyadh (Saudi Arabia). College of Applied Medical Sciences; Qadri, T. [Karolinska Inst., Huddinge (Sweden). Dept. of Dental Medicine; Ahmed, H. B. [Al-Farabi Dental College, Riyadh (Saudi Arabia). Dept. of Dentistry; Corbet, F. E. [University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Hong Kong). Dept. of Periodontology; Romanos, G. E. [Stony Brook University, New York (United States). School of Dental Medicine
Heat treatment eliminates 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' from infected citrus trees under controlled conditions.
Hoffman, Michele T; Doud, Melissa S; Williams, Lisa; Zhang, Mu-Qing; Ding, Fang; Stover, Ed; Hall, David; Zhang, Shouan; Jones, Lisa; Gooch, Mark; Fleites, Laura; Dixon, Wayne; Gabriel, Dean; Duan, Yong-Ping
Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most destructive diseases of citrus worldwide. The three known causal agents of HLB are species of α-proteobacteria: 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus', 'Ca. L. africanus', and 'Ca. L. americanus'. Previous studies have found distinct variations in temperature sensitivity and tolerance among these species. Here, we describe the use of controlled heat treatments to cure HLB caused by 'Ca. L. asiaticus', the most prevalent and heat-tolerant species. Using temperature-controlled growth chambers, we evaluated the time duration and temperature required to suppress or eliminate the 'Ca. L. asiaticus' bacterium in citrus, using various temperature treatments for time periods ranging from 2 days to 4 months. Results of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) after treatment illustrate significant decreases in the 'Ca. L. asiaticus' bacterial titer, combined with healthy vigorous growth by all surviving trees. Repeated qPCR testing confirmed that previously infected, heat-treated plants showed no detectable levels of 'Ca. L. asiaticus', while untreated control plants remained highly infected. Continuous thermal exposure to 40 to 42°C for a minimum of 48 h was sufficient to significantly reduce titer or eliminate 'Ca. L. asiaticus' bacteria entirely in HLB-affected citrus seedlings. This method may be useful for the control of 'Ca. Liberibacter'-infected plants in nursery and greenhouse settings.
Effects of heat treatment conditions on microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI 420 steel
Scheuer, C.J.; Fraga, R.A.; Cardoso, R.P.; Brunatto, S.F. [Universidade Federal do Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, PR (Brazil). Departamento de Engenharia Mecanica. Grupo de Tecnologia de Fabricacao Assistida por Plasma e Metalurgia do Po
The cycle control of heat treatments, on the quenching and tempering operation of AISI 420 stainless steel, is essential for improved material performance. The adequate choice of heat treatment parameters, can lead an optimization on its mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Thus, this paper aims to investigate the effects of quenchants medium, and austenitizing and tempering temperatures, on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI 420 steel. Different heat treatments cycles were studied: 1) samples were austenitized at 1050°C and water, oil and air quenched; 2) samples were austenitized at range temperatures of 950-1050°C and oil quenched; and 3) as-quenched samples were tempering at range temperatures of 400-500°C. Treated samples were characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and hardness measurements. The samples hardness increases with increasing cooling rate (water > oil > air quenched). Water quenched samples presented crack after cooling to room temperature. Samples hardness also increases with austenitizing temperature increasing, and decreases with increasing tempering temperature. (author)
Oral conditions in renal disorders and treatment considerations – A review for pediatric dentist
Megha Gupta
Full Text Available This article reviews the current understanding of the oral and dental aspects of chronic renal disease (CRD. A PubMed literature search was performed and all relevant studies were assessed. As the number of people suffering from CRD increases worldwide, dentists are expected to encounter more patients with CRD who need oral care. In children, CRD can elicit a wide spectrum of oral manifestations in the hard and soft tissues. Bleeding, altered drug metabolism, impaired immune function, and an increased risk of dentally induced bacterial endocarditis are some important features that require attention. Dental management of patients with CRD requires that clinicians appreciate that multiple systems can be affected by the disease. Dentists should consult with nephrologists regarding the specific precautions required for each patient. Medical treatments in these patients may need to be postponed due to an unfavorable oral health status or potential risk of life-threatening infection after surgery. Improving oral hygiene and performing necessary dental and oral treatment before hemodialysis or transplantation may prevent endocarditis and septicemia in these patients. Hence, treatment plans should be formulated to restore the patient’s dentition and protect them from potentially severe infections of dental origin.
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator contributes to reacidification of alkalinized lysosomes in RPE cells.
Liu, Ji; Lu, Wennan; Guha, Sonia; Baltazar, Gabriel C; Coffey, Erin E; Laties, Alan M; Rubenstein, Ronald C; Reenstra, William W; Mitchell, Claire H
The role of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in lysosomal acidification has been difficult to determine. We demonstrate here that CFTR contributes more to the reacidification of lysosomes from an elevated pH than to baseline pH maintenance. Lysosomal alkalinization is increasingly recognized as a factor in diseases of accumulation, and we previously showed that cAMP reacidified alkalinized lysosomes in retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells. As the influx of anions to electrically balance proton accumulation may enhance lysosomal acidification, the contribution of the cAMP-activated anion channel CFTR to lysosomal reacidification was probed. The antagonist CFTR(inh)-172 had little effect on baseline levels of lysosomal pH in cultured human RPE cells but substantially reduced the reacidification of compromised lysosomes by cAMP. Likewise, CFTR activators had a bigger impact on cells whose lysosomes had been alkalinized. Knockdown of CFTR with small interfering RNA had a larger effect on alkalinized lysosomes than on baseline levels. Inhibition of CFTR in isolated lysosomes altered pH. While CFTR and Lamp1 were colocalized, treatment with cAMP did not increase targeting of CFTR to the lysosome. The inhibition of CFTR slowed lysosomal degradation of photoreceptor outer segments while activation of CFTR enhanced their clearance from compromised lysosomes. Activation of CFTR acidified RPE lysosomes from the ABCA4(-/-) mouse model of recessive Stargardt's disease, whose lysosomes are considerably alkalinized. In summary, CFTR contributes more to reducing lysosomal pH from alkalinized levels than to maintaining baseline pH. Treatment to activate CFTR may thus be of benefit in disorders of accumulation associated with lysosomal alkalinization.
Effects of dynamic operating conditions on nitrification in biological rapid sand filters for drinking water treatment
Lee, Carson Odell; Boe-Hansen, Rasmus; Musovic, Sanin
Biological rapid sand filters are often used to remove ammonium from groundwater for drinking water supply. They often operate under dynamic substrate and hydraulic loading conditions, which can lead to increased levels of ammonium and nitrite in the effluent. To determine the maximum nitrification...... operating conditions. The ammonium removal rate of the filter was determined by the ammonium loading rate, but was independent of both the flow and influent ammonium concentration individually. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea were almost equally abundant in the filter. Both ammonium removal...... rates and safe operating windows of rapid sand filters, a pilot scale rapid sand filter was used to test short-term increased ammonium loads, set by varying either influent ammonium concentrations or hydraulic loading rates. Ammonium and iron (flock) removal were consistent between the pilot...
Use orotic acid in the treatment of pathological conditions associated with hyperuricemia
D.D. Ivanov
Full Text Available Hyperuricemia - a condition characterized by elevated relative to normal ranges, levels of uric acid in the blood. Among the diseases caused by hyperuricemia, most noteworthy are gout, urate nephropathy, and urolithiasis. The topic of this article is devoted to the comparative characteristics of drugs used to correct hyperuricemia. The main part of the article is an analysis of pharmacodynamics, efficacy, safety and expediency of using orotic acid agents.
Determination of Acidity and Alkalinity of Food Materials
三浦,芳助; ç¦�æ°¸,ç¥�å�; 瀧å·�,裕里å�; 津田,真美; 渡辺,陽å�; 瀨山,一æ£
The acidity and alkalinity of food materials in various menus was determined to clarify the influence of food on physiological functions.　Menus mainly containing alkaline food materials (alkaline menu) and acid ones (acid menu) were compared.　Determination of acidity and alkalinity was performed for each food material in the alkaline menu and acid menu, and acidity and alkalinity of one meal and a day's one were estimated. １.　Most of food materials in acid menu were assessed to be...
Living conditions, ability to seek medical treatment, and awareness of health conditions and healthcare options among homeless persons in Tokyo, Japan.
Ohtsu, Tadahiro; Toda, Ryouhei; Shiraishi, Tomonobu; Toyoda, Hirokuni; Toyozawa, Hideyasu; Kamioka, Yasuaki; Ochiai, Hirotaka; Shimada, Naoki; Shirasawa, Takako; Hoshino, Hiromi; Kokaze, Akatsuki
Empirical data indicative of the health conditions and medical needs of homeless persons are scarce in Japan. In this study, with the aim of contributing to the formulation of future healthcare strategies for the homeless, we conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey and interviews at a park in Shinjuku Ward, Tokyo, to clarify the living conditions of homeless persons and their health conditions and awareness about the availability of medical treatment. Responses from 55 homeless men were recorded (response rate: 36.7%). With the exception of one person, none of them possessed a health insurance certificate. Half of the respondents reported having a current income source, although their modal monthly income was 30,000 yen($1 was approximately 90 yen). The number of individuals who responded "yes" to the questions regarding "Consulting a doctor on the basis of someone's recommendation" and "Being aware of the location of the nearest hospital or clinic" was significantly higher among those who had someone to consult when they were ill than among those who did not (the odds ratios [95% confidence intervals] were 15.00 [3.05-93.57] and 11.45 [1.42-510.68], respectively). This showed that whether or not a homeless person had a person to consult might influence his healthcare-seeking behavior. When queried about the entity they consulted (multiple responses acceptable), respondents mentioned "life support organizations" (61.1%) and "public offices" (33.3%). Overall, 94.5% of the respondents were aware of swine flu (novel influenza A (H1N1)). Their main sources of information were newspapers and magazines. On the basis of these findings, with regard to the aim of formulating healthcare strategies for homeless persons, while life support organizations and public offices play significant roles as conduits to medical institutions, print media should be considered useful for communicating messages to homeless persons.
The Alkaline Diet: Is There Evidence That an Alkaline pH Diet Benefits Health?
Gerry K. Schwalfenberg
Full Text Available This review looks at the role of an alkaline diet in health. Pubmed was searched looking for articles on pH, potential renal acid loads, bone health, muscle, growth hormone, back pain, vitamin D and chemotherapy. Many books written in the lay literature on the alkaline diet were also reviewed and evaluated in light of the published medical literature. There may be some value in considering an alkaline diet in reducing morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases and further studies are warranted in this area of medicine.
Schwalfenberg, G.K.
This review looks at the role of an alkaline diet in health. Pub med was searched looking for articles on ph, potential renal acid loads, bone health, muscle, growth hormone, back pain, vitamin D and chemotherapy. Many books written in the lay literature on the alkaline diet were also reviewed and evaluated in light of the published medical literature. There may be some value in considering an alkaline diet in reducing morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases and further studies are warranted in this area of medicine
Building a measurement framework of burden of treatment in complex patients with chronic conditions: a qualitative study.
Eton, David T; Ramalho de Oliveira, Djenane; Egginton, Jason S; Ridgeway, Jennifer L; Odell, Laura; May, Carl R; Montori, Victor M
Burden of treatment refers to the workload of health care as well as its impact on patient functioning and well-being. We set out to build a conceptual framework of issues descriptive of burden of treatment from the perspective of the complex patient, as a first step in the development of a new patient-reported measure. We conducted semistructured interviews with patients seeking medication therapy management services at a large, academic medical center. All patients had a complex regimen of self-care (including polypharmacy), and were coping with one or more chronic health conditions. We used framework analysis to identify and code themes and subthemes. A conceptual framework of burden of treatment was outlined from emergent themes and subthemes. Thirty-two patients (20 female, 12 male, age 26-85 years) were interviewed. Three broad themes of burden of treatment emerged including: the work patients must do to care for their health; problem-focused strategies and tools to facilitate the work of self-care; and factors that exacerbate the burden felt. The latter theme encompasses six subthemes including challenges with taking medication, emotional problems with others, role and activity limitations, financial challenges, confusion about medical information, and health care delivery obstacles. We identified several key domains and issues of burden of treatment amenable to future measurement and organized them into a conceptual framework. Further development work on this conceptual framework will inform the derivation of a patient-reported measure of burden of treatment.
The effects of combined treatment of irradiation and heat on bacteria escherichia coli and sarcina lutea in dry condition
Nikham; Hilmy, Nazly
The effects of combination treatment of irradiation and heat on bacteria escherichia coli and sarcina lutea in dry condition. Investigation on the effects of combined irradiation + heat and heat + irradiation treatments have been carried out i.e. at the doses of 0; 1.0; 1.5; and 2.0 kGy with heating at 50 0 C for 10; 20; and 30 minutes on escherichia coli B/r, escherichia coli from sludge and sarcine lutea. Samples of bacteria were prepared in dry condition by using sterile fine sand as carrier. Irradiation was done in aerobic condition with RH 90% and the time range between irradiation and heating was not more than 2 hours. The results showed that the D 10 value did not give significant difference between the combined irradiation + heat, and heat + irradiation treatments for the 3 species of bacteria, compared to irradiation only (p 0.05). Doses of 1.0 and 1.5 kGy combined with heating at 50 0 C for 10 and 20 minutes gave better results compared to irradiation only. 17 refs
Reinforcement corrosion in alkaline chloride media with reduced oxygen concentrations
Andrade, C.; Fullea, J.; Toro, L.; Martinez, I.; Rebolledo, N.
It is commonly considered that the corrosion of steel in concrete is controlled by the oxygen content of the pore solution and there are service life models that relate the corrosion rate to the amount of oxygen. It is also commonly believed that in water saturated conditions the oxygen content in the pores is negligible and that underwater there is no risk of depassivation and the corrosion rate is very low. However, the available data on corrosion rates in immersed conditions do not indicate such performance; on the contrary corrosion develops when sufficient chloride reaches the reinforcement. In the present paper, results are presented for tests performed in alkaline chloride solutions that were purged with nitrogen to reduce the oxygen content. The results indicate that at very low oxygen concentrations, corrosion may develop in the presence of chlorides. The presence or absence of corrosion is influenced by the amount of chloride, the corrosion potential and the steel surface condition. (authors)
Zinc, copper and manganese availability in soils treated with alkaline sewage sludge from Paraná state (Brazil
Maristela Dalpisol
Full Text Available ABSTRACT In Paraná, most of the sludge generated in sewage treatment plants is subjected to the prolonged alkaline stabilization process. Although it is known that the alkaline sewage sludge contains micronutrients such as Zn, Cu and Mn, little is known about the availability of these elements in soils treated with this type of sewage sludge. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of alkaline sewage sludge from Paraná on Zn, Cu and Mn availability in soils. Twenty sewage treatment plants were selected throughout Paraná, where alkaline sewage sludge and the most representative agricultural soil of the each region were collected. Each soil was incubated for 60 days with alkaline sewage sludge rates (0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 Mg ha-1 from their region. Subsequently, Zn, Cu and Mn availability was determined using the Mehlich-1 extractant. The alkaline sewage sludge increased Zn availability and decreased Mn availability in most soils. Cu showed intermediate results, with increased availability, primarily in medium texture soils and decrease in most of the clayey soils. In soils with pH close to ideal for the plant growth, the alkaline sewage sludge rate should be carefully calculated so that there is no excessive increase in the pH and Zn, Cu and Mn imbalance.
Reduced Consolidation, Reinstatement, and Renewal of Conditioned Fear Memory by Repetitive Treatment of Radix Polygalae in Mice
Jung-Won Shin
Full Text Available The therapeutic goal for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD is to promote extinction and to prevent the relapse of fearful memories. Research has identified pharmacological treatments that may regulate the formation and extinction of fear memories, but not many reagents that block the relapse of extinguished fear are known. Radix Polygalae (RP is an Asian herb used for sedation, and its ingredients have anxiolytic and antidepressant properties. As various neurological effects have been identified, we tested whether RP affects the relapse of fear. Freezing in response to a conditioned context and cues was used to measure the effects of RP in mice. In cohort 1 (n = 30, consolidation, extinction, and reinstatement were tested during the course of 18 days of treatment. In cohort 2 (n = 30, consolidation, extinction, and renewal were tested during 10 days of treatment. The consolidation, extinction, reinstatement, and possibly the renewal of context-induced freezing were inhibited due to the administration of RP in animal subjects. However, the effects of RP on the freezing responses of subjects elicited by conditioned auditory cues were less obvious. Because it effectively suppresses the consolidation of fear memories, RP may be used for primary and secondary prevention of symptoms in PTSD patients. Additionally, because it effectively suppresses the reinstatement and renewal of fear memories, RP may be applied for the prevention of fear relapse in PTSD patients who have undergone exposure therapy.
Radioactive Waste Treatment and Conditioning Using Plasma Technology Pilot Plant: Testing and Commissioning
Rafizi Salihuddin; Rohyiza Baan; Norasalwa Zakaria
Plasma pilot plant was commissioned for research and development program on radioactive waste treatment. The plant is equipped with a 50 kW direct current of non-transferred arc plasma torch which mounted vertically on top of the combustion chamber. The plant also consists of a dual function chamber, a water cooling system, a compress air supply system and a control system. This paper devoted the outcome after testing and commissioning of the plant. The problems arise was discussed in order to find the possible suggestion to overcome the issues. (author)
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1929
|
__label__cc
| 0.742964
| 0.257036
|
Kamelia Emamian
Dr.Kamelia Emamian started her medical career in Iran where she earned her M.D in 2006. As a child she lived in Montreal for many years therefore decided to pursue her medical education in Canada. She completed her residency in family medicine at McGill University in 2012 and received the designation of College of Family Physicians of Canada.
Dr.Emamian joined the Brunswick Medical Centre in 2012. She has been mentoring first year McGill medical students since 2013 as part of McGill’s LFME (Longitudinal Family Medicine Experience). In addition she has been the site director at Brunswick Medical Centre for 3rd year medical students since 2016.
Dr.Emamian has also trained and practiced in medical aesthetics since 2015.
“Brunswick Medical Center really helped me during a rough time. I will be forever grateful for their compassion and dedication. Thank you Brunswick!”
Jeanette,
“The staff and doctors at the Brunswick make the patient experience a great one! They are always smiling and it shows that they really love what they do. It’s nice to go to a happy environment, even if it isn’t always for a happy reason.”
William,
“Brunswick Medical Center is the best thing to happen to medicine.”
“All of my doctors are at the Brunswick Medical Center. It really is a one-stop shop!”
RAMQ
Through its proactive, innovative and persistent efforts, the Régie, a responsible and essential actor in the Québec health system, plays an important part in improving public services.
MAKE AN URGENT CARE APPOINTMENT
Book an appointment with one of our many health care professionals.
E: info@brunswickmedical.ca
Copyright Brunswick © 2019 Tous droits réservés
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1934
|
__label__wiki
| 0.758673
| 0.758673
|
Corks & Cleaver Officially Opens in Bay
A popular Gulfport restaurant has moved to the first block of Main Street in Bay St. Louis: sneak peek on Thursday, July 13th and soft opening Friday, July 14th.
We've posted the soft opening menu below (look for the full menu later next week!)
- story by Lisa Monti
Cork & Cleaver
Bay St. Louis
Soft Opening Bistro Hours:
(Chef David says that they'll be expanding hours as they get settled in.)
Sneak Peek, Thursday: 5pm - 9pm
Friday: 11am - 2pm, 5pm - 10pm
Saturday: 11am - 10pm
Subscribe to Big Buzz!
Chef David Dickensauge, during the restaurant's "sneak peak" on Second Saturday, July 8th. The pizza oven is in the background. photo by Ellis Anderson
When Corks & Cleaver Italian Bistro opens on Main Street in the second week of July, diners can expect the real deal.
“It will be a bistro with true Italian fare, not just lasagna and eggplant parmesan but dishes you would find in upscale rustic Italian restaurants all over Italy and in New York, Chicago and New Orleans,” said Chef David Dickensauge, owner of the former Corks & Cleaver location in Gulfport and the former chef of Brackish in Long Beach.
The dishes will be made with local, sustainable produce from Mississippi, Louisiana and Alabama. There will be imported cheeses and meats, the pasta will be made in house and the wine list will be eclectic. “What we do is not the food everybody else does,” he said.
This Big Buzz
Click here and scroll down for other Big Buzz stories!
Soft Opening Lunch & Dinner Menus
click on images to open PDF
C&C Soft Opening LUNCH Menu, click to open PDF
C&C Soft Opening DINNER menu, click to open PDF
Dickensauge and Jim Parrish have partnered up on the restaurant under the umbrella of their new restaurant group. Parrish bought and renovated the historic building at 111 Main Street a few years ago. Until recently, the space housed Old Cuevas Bistro.
Dickensauge promised the “same foodie-style food like at Corks & Cleaver, but with a different flavor profile, ingredients and ambiance.”
Parrish said, “We want to keep the Corks & Cleaver name because it has a following and is so successful,” Parrish said. He and Dickensauge have hired David Woodward, the longtime executive chef at the New Orleans Hilton, as a consultant on the new restaurant.
A brick wood fired pizza oven, manufactured by Marra Forni and one of a few in the South, will be the centerpiece of the dining room. “The one we’re getting is the best you can get,” Dickensauge said.
The menu won’t be long at first but will have artisan pizzas made from scratch, fresh pasta, small plates and entrees for lunch and dinner.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1936
|
__label__cc
| 0.50372
| 0.49628
|
Urbana Friends Church coordinating “Love and Hope Benefit” for cancer patient Lorena Campbell
News, Top Stories
Fundraiser to benefit member battling cancer
By Joshua Keeran - jkeeran@civitasmedia.com
Pictured are several of the items that will be up for auction during The Love & Hope Benefit for Lorena Campbell, which will take place on March 4 at the Urbana Friends Church, 204 Rohrer St.
Joshua Keeran | Urbana Daily Citizen
Members of the Urbana Friends Church, 204 Rohrer St., are hosting a benefit auction, bake sale and dinner for fellow church member Lorena Campbell, who is battling breast cancer.
An auction, bake sale and dinner will take place on March 4 at Urbana Friends Church to benefit church member Lorena Campbell, who is battling Stage 4 breast cancer. Campbell, right, is pictured with her husband, Chris, and her daughter, Shelby.
What the congregation at Urbana Friends Church lacks in numbers, it makes up for in sheer determination and a strong willingness to do whatever it takes to help one of its own fight for her life.
Founded in 1905 under the Quaker faith and located across from the old paper mill at 204 Rohrer St., Urbana Friends Church is home to 43 members and a congregation that ranges from 50 to 60 attendees on a given Sunday. Church member Pennie Delaney is spearheading one of the church’s biggest undertakings to date – a fundraiser to benefit Lorena Campbell, an Urbana High School graduate diagnosed with Stage 4 breast cancer.
According to Delaney, Campbell, who lives in Northridge with her husband and 11-year-old daughter, was diagnosed with breast cancer two years ago. After undergoing chemotherapy, Campbell began to feel better for a period of time before doctors discovered a spot on her liver. After undergoing radiation, hormonal treatment and chemotherapy again, Campbell was dealt more discouraging news.
“She recently found out a couple weeks ago that the spot on her liver is gone, but it’s now in her bones,” Delaney said. “Because of this, she’s considered Stage 4 now.”
Delaney added that due to the physical toll the cancer has taken on Campbell, she left her job at Developmental Disabilities of Clark County, a place she worked nearly two decades.
“After she lost her job, I just kept thinking there has to be something I can do,” Delaney said. “Personally, I needed to do something, so I just kept on praying about it. The same thought just kept coming to my mind – do a benefit, do a benefit.”
Two things, however, were standing between Delaney and her desire to help Campbell and her family – history and volunteers.
With support from the congregation as well as the blessing of the church board and Pastor Fred Kensler – who told Delaney “Our church needs to be challenged” – Urbana Church Friends will be hosting The Love and Hope Benefit for Lorena Campbell next month.
“We have never done anything like this,” Delaney said. “That’s the scary part.”
Benefit details
The fundraiser for Campbell, whose father, James Chess, was the Urbana Friends Church pastor for over 25 years, will take place from 4 to 6 p.m. on March 4 at the church.
The benefit will consist of a live auction scheduled for 5:15 p.m., a silent auction, a bake sale and a dinner.
The meal, which costs $10 for adults and $5 for children ages 3 to 11, will include Bob Evans potato or chili soup, tossed salad, bread, dessert and a drink. The meal is available for carryout.
Presale tickets are encouraged, but not required. Tickets are available at the church by calling 937-653-4172.
As for the live and silent auctions, Delaney said she expects there will be at least 50 items up for bid, including a late-1950s Singer sewing machine in working condition that church members previously used to make baby quilts. Other items include gift certificates, gift baskets, home décor items, handmade quilts, Ohio State University-themed items, and various other homemade or handcrafted items.
“The people who attend here are very loving,” Delaney said. “Most of the stuff is from them or friends of theirs. Everybody does their part in this church.
“Every time I ask for something, someone is there to help me,” she added.
Community members wishing to donate items to the live or silent auctions can do so by calling the church at 937-653-4172.
http://aimmedianetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2017/02/web1_Auction.jpgPictured are several of the items that will be up for auction during The Love & Hope Benefit for Lorena Campbell, which will take place on March 4 at the Urbana Friends Church, 204 Rohrer St. Joshua Keeran | Urbana Daily Citizen
http://aimmedianetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2017/02/web1_Church.jpgMembers of the Urbana Friends Church, 204 Rohrer St., are hosting a benefit auction, bake sale and dinner for fellow church member Lorena Campbell, who is battling breast cancer. Joshua Keeran | Urbana Daily Citizen
http://aimmedianetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2017/02/web1_Lorena.jpgAn auction, bake sale and dinner will take place on March 4 at Urbana Friends Church to benefit church member Lorena Campbell, who is battling Stage 4 breast cancer. Campbell, right, is pictured with her husband, Chris, and her daughter, Shelby. Courtesy photo
By Joshua Keeran
jkeeran@civitasmedia.com
Joshua Keeran may be reached at 937-508-2304 or on Twitter @UDCKeeran.
Hi! A visitor to our site felt the following article might be of interest to you: Urbana Friends Church coordinating “Love and Hope Benefit” for cancer patient Lorena Campbell. Here is a link to that story: https://www.burgtelegram.com/news/1331/urbana-friends-church-coordinating-love-and-hope-benefit-for-cancer-patient-lorena-campbell
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1937
|
__label__wiki
| 0.707107
| 0.707107
|
Rezoning Areas
zoning ideas? comment here
Chikaming Township Zoning Ordinance
How does the new zoning ordinance address the major issues?
Below please find comparisons of the proposed Zoning Ordinance and the current Zoning Ordinance on a number of topics. Please note that the language in this memo is a paraphrase and summary of the Ordinance. It is not regulatory language. Please consult the Zoning Ordinances (both current and proposed) for actual language.
Lake Michigan Waterfront
Current Ordinance: The current Ordinance regulates waterfronts in Section 15.14. This section includes setback requirements that supercede district minimums, regulations on uses that could pose threats to waterways (such as storage of hazardous substances), and a requirement for a “natural vegetative strip” along the water’s edge. The technical review during the update process identified a key flaw, however. While the Purpose and Intent of the Section (Section 15.14.A) mentions Lake Michigan, there are no regulations that apply to Lake Michigan, other than a reference to DEQ regulations.
Proposed Ordinance (Section 5.01.C): The proposed Ordinance would create a new zoning district – R-1-W Waterfront Single Family Residential. This district would have specific standards for the Lake Michigan waterfront. Paraphrased and summarized, the new standards are as follows:
Defining the Ordinary High Water Mark as 581.5 feet above sea level, the same level used by the State of Michigan for regulations.
Requiring a 150 foot setback from the Ordinary High Water Mark for all structures (with an exception for lots that are less than 300 feet deep).
Requiring accessory structures located between the principal structure (i.e. the house) and the water to be less than 225 square feet in area.
A prohibition on fencing and signage within 150 feet of the Ordinary High Water Mark.
A Lake Michigan-specific version of the Vegetative Strip requirement.
A requirement to demonstrate State approval prior to building erosion control devices or altering a Critical Dune or High Risk Erosion Area. No Township standards for these activities are included, however.
Smaller front (roadside) setback requirements than the R-1, and the ability to put accessory structures between the principal structure (house) and the road (with at least a 30 foot setback), in order to alleviate the impact on property owners of the 150 foot setback
Commercial Areas/Community Centers/Green Corridor/I-94 Interchange
Current Ordinance: The current Ordinance has only one commercial district, which covers the Community Centers, the Red Arrow Corridor, and the I-94/Sawyer interchange. The character of these areas is very different, but current zoning treats them the same.
Proposed Ordinance (Section 5.01.G-H): The proposed Ordinance would create five new commercial/mixed use zoning districts – C-I (Interchange), C-S (Sawyer), C-H (Harbert), C-L (Lakeside), and C-U (Union Pier). It also alters the existing C district to make it more compatible with the “Green Corridor” vision for Red Arrow Highway. Following are important characteristics of each district:
C-I
Does not allow dwelling units.
Allows indoor storage, shooting ranges, car dealerships, gas stations, car washes, drive-thrus, and sexually oriented businesses, all by special use permit. Those uses would not be permitted, by special use or otherwise, in any other commercial district.
Note: Because of required separation distances, no additional sexually oriented businesses will be permitted while the existing adult bookstore is operational.
Allows larger signage than other commercial districts.
C-S/C-H/C-L/C-U/C
Setbacks and building heights in keeping with the current character of each area.
Permit dwelling units above commercial first floors.
Architectural guidelines to ensure new buildings complement the surroundings (Section 5.01.H.1.a).
Simple form and design guidelines designed to encourage walkable and quaint village centers (Section 5.01.H.1.b).
Agritourism/Wineries
Current Ordinance: The current Ordinance has no standards for these types of uses, despite their prevalence in Berrien County.
Proposed Ordinance (Section 6.03): The proposed Ordinance permits “Agritourism” (which includes wineries) by right in the C and C-I districts and by Special Use Permit in the AG and R-2 districts. Section 6.03 includes standards for aspects of the use such as trash containers, bathrooms, and overnight accommodations (which are regulated like Bed and Breakfasts).
Current Ordinance: The current Ordinance has no standards for these types of uses.
Proposed Ordinance (Section 6.21): The draft Ordinance has different standards for “Small Solar Energy Facilities”, which are smaller in footprint than the principal building on the site and “Large Solar Energy Facilities”, which are larger in footprint than the principal building on the site. Small Solar Energy Facilities are permitted in all zoning districts and subject to fewer regulations than Large Facilities. Large Facilities must receive a Special Use Permit and must be located in an AG district, in addition to other regulations.
Proposed Ordinance (Section 6.27): The draft Ordinance prohibits all wind energy facilities over 50 feet tall (in effect prohibiting wind farms), but allows smaller windmills by special use permit in the AG district, in order to allow agricultural operations and large lot landowners to make personal use of wind energy.
Current Ordinance: The current Ordinance regulates Intensive Livestock Operations, Horse Stables, and Kennels, and has a limit of four dogs or cats on a residential property. It only permits “the keeping of animals other than customary, domestic household pets” in the AG district and on lots over 10 acres in the R-2 district. Landowners with greater than two acres in other districts may apply for a Special Use permit to exceed the animal limits or keep non-pet animals on their property.
Proposed Ordinance (Section 7.07): The draft Ordinance also regulates Kennels and Intensive Livestock Operations, but outside of those two uses, it has a single regulatory framework for all animals:
Animals are classified as “Pets”, “Domestic Livestock”, “Commercial Livestock”, or “Exotic and Wild.” These terms are defined in Article 20 under the definition of “Animal.”
Up to five pets may be kept on any lot, of which up to 3 may be dogs.
Chickens and Bees are considered Domestic Livestock and are permitted in all residential zoning districts, provided that the owner is in compliance with the regulations of Sections 7.07.B.4.c-d.
Commercial Livestock are only permitted in the AG district.
Wild and Exotic Animals are prohibited unless the owner has the proper licensing to house and care for the animal.
Current Ordinance: The current ordinance allows signs up to 80 square feet in area and 40 feet in height in the C district, which covers the entire Red Arrow corridor. It also allows up to 3 “off-site” signs per lot, and opens the door for billboards.
Proposed Ordinance (Article 12): The proposed ordinance does the following with regard to signage:
Prohibits billboards, except where MDOT regulations supercede the Township.
Prohibits electronic messages and video displays along Red Arrow Highway, except at Township Hall.
Restricts temporary signage to 90 days, and prohibits inflatable signs, balloon signs, and feather banners.
Restricts signage on Red Arrow Highway to 5 feet tall and 48 square feet in area.
Issues that are NOT Included
The proposed Zoning Ordinance does not include woodlands preservation regulations (and therefore does not require a permit to cut down a tree) and does not address vacation rentals.
Please do not hesitate to contact us with any questions.
Site maintained by McKenna Associates
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1944
|
__label__wiki
| 0.607368
| 0.607368
|
Twentieth Century Art
New York, Park Avenue
Paul Klee (1879-1940)
rot/grn orange/blau
USD 250,000 - USD 350,000
signed 'Klee' (upper right); dated and numbered '1919 105' (lower left on the mount)
watercolor on paper mounted by the artist on board
Sheet size: 9 x 6 in. (24.8 x 16.5 cm.)
Mount size: 10 x 7 in. (26.7 x 17.8 cm.)
Painted in 1919
Hans Goltz, Munich (1920).
Nierendorf Gallery, New York.
Acquired from the above by Harry Torczyner in 1946.
New York, M. Knoedler & Co., Inc., Lawyers Collect, January 1965. New York, Sidney Janis Gallery, Early 20th Century European Masters, March-April 1987, no. 30 (titled Village).
This work is recorded under no. 1919/105 in the artist's Werkkatalog and will be sold with a photo-certificate from the Paul Klee Stiftung who have kindly confirmed its authenticity.
In his series of paintings executed in 1912 titled Fentres (Windows), Robert Delaunay made a significant and influential contribution to the growing trend towards abstraction in early modern painting. While essentially Cubist in conception, Delaunay's grid-like, prismatic structure eschews the representational aspect of Cubism; the artist uses the essential simplicity of his multi-faceted forms to project the purity and nuance of light as manifest in color.
The impact of Delaunay's experiments in form and color were direct and far-reaching among young German artists of the pre-World War I generation; indeed, Delaunay's theories were arguably more significant to them than the pioneering Cubism of Picasso and Braque. Delaunay's example was critical to Klee's maturation as a painter in the period 1914-1919. Klee had used grid-like structures as early as 1914 in his Tunisian watercolors. As he explored Delaunay's ideas, he moved in his own direction toward a flat color-theme format.
Delaunay used transparent color to create pictorial depth,
but there is no real, stable structure to that depth. It is
a jumble of fragments and facets, like a box of broken pieces
of colored glass. Unlike eighteenth-century polyphonic music
it cannot be analyzed as separate component layers. In the music that Klee so revered, each voice or independent theme constitutes a layer of auditory depth, and each such layer can be isolated and examined independently. In Delaunay's Windows, where the whole space is so thoroughly intermixed, there is no possibility for independent themes to exist. Though transparent color was Delaunay's means of control, he had no means of controlling transparent color depth. In other words, Delaunay's concern for a 'dynamic poetry' of color had led him toward dynamic, unstable, formats: Klee's intensive and rigorous grounding in musical thought was gradually leading him toward very stable, static compositional structures, in which the individual composition would provide the necessary dynamism. (A. Kogan, Paul Klee: Art & Music, Ithaca, New York, 1983, pp. 60-61)
The present work may be read as a hillside town, showing the stacked architectural forms that for Klee represented the evolution and ideal of human community. However, in his title Klee emphasizes the abstract, non-representational bias of his composition; before it is anything we may link to the world of objects, the picture is an arrangement of colors. This tendency remains a fundamental polarity in Klee's overall pictorial conception; while he may populate his pictures with all manner of imaginary creatures, he returns again and again to the abstract and contemplative purity of architecture and color.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1947
|
__label__wiki
| 0.90176
| 0.90176
|
https://www.chron.com/neighborhood/memorial-news/article/Youths-offer-input-for-new-playground-at-1785616.php
Youths offer input for new playground at community center
ANNETTE BAIRD, CHRONICLE CORRESPONDENT
Published 6:30 am CST, Tuesday, December 16, 2008
Nine year-old Cody Michael Donnelly had an extravagant plan for the proposed new playground at the Spring Branch Family Development Center.
A 100-inch flat screen television, a money machine, a fridge, a climbing wall, a PlayStation 3, swimming pool … all were in the playground design he drew.
Cody certainly won’t get everything in his picture, but he and the other children who belong to the Boys & Girls Club of Houston had a say in what they wanted in the play space at the “Design Day” event held Dec. 12 at the center, 8575 Pitner Road.
Members of the after- school program, prekindergarten pupils at The Panda Path prekindergarten center and parents provided input for the design of the new playground, to be built with funding from 24 Hour Fitness and coordinated by KaBOOM!, a national nonprofit that builds playgrounds for underserved communities.
“We are desperate for a place where kids can play and have fun and be safe,” said Martin Mayo, president of the family development center’s board of directors.
Other children with the Boys & Girls Club, one of several programs including Panda Path housed at the center, all had their own ideas for the playground, expected to cost around $75,000.
More realistic suggestions came from 7-year-old Rosa Stewart, who asked for a tire swing, and her 8-year-old brother David, who wants ropes to climb “really high up.”
“I think we need some kind of rubber safety matting on the ground, because a lot of the kids fall,” said Jackie Garcia, a high school senior who volunteers at the club.
“I’d like a soccer goal,” 10 year-old Daniel Locono said.
Jeremiah Saurez, 10, wants a toy fish in a pool like the one he saw on television.
Designers from KaBOOM! will take the ideas and incorporate them into the playground, scheduled for installation the weekend of Feb. 7, 2009.
“We are so excited to be here,” an enthusiastic Matt Kaftor, KaBOOM! project manager, told children, parents and partners.
The playground is the second of two to be installed in Houston as part of KaBOOM!’s initiative to provide relief after Hurricane Ike.
Ike destroyed the center’s playground, and when KaBOOM! approached the center about building another one, Executive Director Ricardo Barnes said they jumped at the chance.
“This was a marriage made in heaven, with KaBOOM! and 24 Hour Fitness,” Barnes said. “We work so hard at getting kids more into physical fitness, and they can see physical fitness can be fun.”
Barnes said the goal is to provide two play spaces, one for children 5 years old and younger, the other for 5- to 13 year-olds.
“This is a way to give back to the community,” said Randy Drake, 24 Hour Fitness senior vice president for community business and development. “We believe fitness and exercise change lives, and building a playground is a natural extension of that.”
The California-based fitness company raised $150,000 for the two playgrounds by pledging a dollar for every member. The other Houston playground was installed Dec. 13 in the Third Ward.
Kings Harbor eatery Zammitt’s joins Houston Restaurant Weeks
Price drops on The Woodlands mansion and its 'biggest closet...
Houston-area charter bus involved in violent crash
Teenager shot and killed at Cleveland H-E-B
Woman slain in possible road rage shooting was generous wife,...
Peek inside the most expensive rental homes in Houston
Designs unveiled for Fort Bend ISD's new $189M high school in...
Galveston restaurants with the best health inspection scores
For information on local classifieds and other HCN advertising, call (281) 378-1000.
Place an ad for obituaries and celebrations
Learn more about HCN advertising opportunities
Get phone numbers and e-mail for HCN journalists and sales staff
Buy photos from the HCN archives
Find things to do; add events
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1948
|
__label__cc
| 0.702099
| 0.297901
|
Stardew Valley (Xbox One) Review
System: Xbox One
Score: 8.5/10
Stuck in your dead-end job, you open a letter from your grandfather that happens to include a deed to a gigantic plot of land in the country, sparking a spiritual pilgrimage under the guise of an old-school farming simulator. This is Stardew Valley; the indie darling that PC fans have been enjoying for roughly a year, which has only recently graced consoles.
And it was worth the wait. I typically play the PC edition with a controller anyway, as most of it doesn’t require precise movement or cursor manipulation, so everything from using items, and accessing menus to moving your pointer around with the right analog stick is as smooth as butter. There are slight pathing issues when it comes to giving NPCs items (it’s easier to just click on them directly), but since just about every action comes with a confirmation prompt, it’s not gamebreaking.
Nothing is gamebreaking about this console port, actually. It’s pretty much the same game, minus some of the amazing quality of life and conversion mods on PC, like “make Marnie go to work” or the famous Pokémon pixel swap. If you absolutely cannot live without mods the PC platform might be the way to go, but you’re getting more than a complete game for the price, As an in-game year (just the beginning, really) can take you upwards of 15 to 20 hours if you stop and smell the roses that you just planted in your front yard.
Stardew Valley does an admirable job at making each activity (foraging, farming, fishing, and combat) viable, but some can be gamed or exploited more than others. In that sense, while I do feel like the world is organic and charming, patterns start to develop and the cracks start to appear more often once you start repeating seasons. It’s perfectly reasonable since one person basically developed it, but it’s something to be aware of as those small issues start to pile up.
I might not be as hypnotized with Stardew Valley as a lot of other folks, but it’s pretty much the Harvest Moon follow-up I’ve been waiting for since the SNES and Nintendo 64 days. It doesn’t have all of the baggage and complications of recent iterations or farming simulators—it simply does one job, and goes completely out of its way to do it well.
I might not be as hypnotized with Stardew Valley as a lot of other folks, but it's pretty much the Harvest Moon follow-up I've been waiting for since the SNES and Nintendo 64 days.
Played On: Xbox One
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1952
|
__label__cc
| 0.574964
| 0.425036
|
Environmental Health Symposium Gets Written Confirmation: Costco Drops Roundup
0 have signed. Let’s get to 150,000!
Moms Across America started this petition to Chairman and CEO, Home Depot Craig Menear and
EHS Environmental Health Symposium Confirms IN WRITING 1-25-2019: "Costco is constantly reviewing its lineup, and is NOT PLANNING TO SELL Roundup (#glyphosate-based) this season." -Bryce Wentworth, Costco Wholesale Buyer. GO COSTCO! How 'bout YOU, Lowes HomeDepot?
Dear Marvin Ellison, President and CEO of Lowe’s, Craig Menear, Chairman and CEO of Home Depot, and Walter Craig Jelinek, CEO of COSTCO,
Thank You, Costco, for listening to your customers and discontinuing the sale of Roundup and Glyphosate-based herbicides! We are immensely grateful!
We now ask Craig Menear, Chairman and CEO of Home Depot; Marvin Ellison, President and CEO Lowe’s Home Improvement to remove Roundup and Glyphosate-based products from your shelves.
The California EPA Prop 65 Carcinogen List mandated that all products in California containing the chemical glyphosate, a key ingredient in Roundup, must carry a WARNING label, identifying them as cancer and reproductive harm-causing products, by Saturday, July 7, 2018. Monsanto sued and has temporarily stopped this 30-year practice of labeling. Yet, the judge, in that case, agreed to keep glyphosate on the Prop 65 List, acknowledging that glyphosate is a carcinogen, but not requiring a warning label. Thus, glyphosate carries no warning label today. Unacceptable!
Everyone deserves to know! These products should not be sold to the public!
We call on Home Depot and Lowe’s today to step up as Costco has to protect us, your customers, and stop selling Roundup (and all glyphosate herbicides) now, due to its carcinogenic effects and lack of labeling.
Dewayne "Lee" Johnson, a 46-year-old grounds keeper for the Benicia, CA Unified School District, and father of three young boys, is currently in court in San Francisco putting Monsanto on trial for causing his Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cancer because the glyphosate products he used at work carried no cancer warning label.
By the end of the year, over 10,000 people are also expected to sue Monsanto for the same kinds of exposures that Lee Johnson experienced using glyphosate-based products. There are many safe, non-toxic alternatives on the market today. There is no need to sell a known carcinogen.
The customer care representatives that we have spoken with at your stores have taken our calls very seriously. We hope you do, too. Home Depot and Lowe's will you remove Roundup from your shelves?
Moms Across America and USA Consumers
Craig Menear, Chairman and CEO of Home Depot 800-466-3337 press 7, 5 (customer care) Email teamdepotpr@homedepot.com Twitter: @HomeDepot
Marvin Ellison, President and CEO of Lowe’s 704-758-1000 (press 3) Email info@lowes.com Twitter: @Lowes
Thank you to: Walter Craig Jelinek, CEO, Costco Tel: 800-774-2678 (and Press 6) or 425-313-8163 (425) 313-8100 Twitter: @CostcoTweets Email: clilly@costco.com
WHAT WE DO MATTERS! Please call, tweet, or email! And Please sign!
Want to share this petition?
Complete your signature
Please share my name and email address with Moms Across America, so that I can receive updates on this campaign and others.
Display my name and comment on this petition
By signing, you accept Change.org’s Terms of Service and Privacy Policy, and agree to receive occasional emails about campaigns on Change.org. You can unsubscribe at any time.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1955
|
__label__wiki
| 0.988391
| 0.988391
|
Swim Bournemouth coach excited about the future
By Neil Perrett neilperrettecho
SWIM Bournemouth’s new head coach Matt Heathcock says he is excited about the future after watching a medal-fest by his young charges at Littledown.
While Poole dominated the senior events at the Swim Bournemouth Level 2 Open Meet to win top swimmer and visiting club awards, the host club reeled in the medals in the younger age groups.
Thirteen SB youngsters struck gold 41 times between them with the nine and 10-year-olds achieving a podium clean sweep 13 times.
Heathcock, attending his first open meet since joining the club from top London outfit Camden Swiss Cottage, said: “It was great to watch so many talented age group swimmers.
“It gives us a strong base to build on. I’m excited for the journey ahead.”
Jamie Workman led the charge with a dozen medals in the 10yrs events including gold in the 50m, 100m and 200m freestyle, 50m and 100m butterfly, 100m breaststroke, 200m backstroke and 100m and 200m individual medley (IM).
Freddie Hodgetts almost matched Workman’s tally with nine golds and a silver in the 9yrs age group, including wins in the 50m, 100m and 200m freestyle, 50m, 100m and 200m backstroke, 50m and 100m butterfly and 100m IM.
Halle Harris led for the girls with 50m victories on all four strokes as well as the 9yrs 100m and 200m freestyle, 200m backstroke and 200m IM.
Double winners were Eva Hourigan in the 10yrs 50m and 100m breaststroke, Zia Goundouin in the 9yrs 100m backstroke and 100m IM and Matthew Workman in the 11-12yrs 50m freestyle and 100m IM.
Gold also went to Ollie Crowe (9yrs 200m IM), Amy Brown (13-14yrs 200m breast), Max Weeks (15/o 50m free), Sam Chamberlain (10yrs 200m breast), Polly Ghandour (9yrs 100m breast) and Cameron Wilcocks (9yrs 200m fly).
Swim Bournemouth member Georgina Hawkins, swimming for Millfield, won a hat-trick of gold medals in the 10yrs 50m, 100m and 200m freestyle.
Poole captains Jacob Peters and Thea O’Keefe collected the top visiting club trophy while team-mates Ollie Fairman and Jazz McCrea were the meet’s top swimmers.
Commonwealth Games hopeful Peters contributed five golds to Poole’s 97-medal tally, setting a Dorset record of 24.49 in the 50m butterfly as well as four club records.
McCrea equalled club-mate Fiona Hardie’s Dorset senior record with 1:00.74 in the 100m butterfly as well as four club records on her way to gold in the 15/o 50m and 100m freestyle and fly.
Four golds apiece went to Fairman, 14, in the 100m and 200m backstroke, 400m freestyle and 400m IM and Kelvin Wong in the 15/o 50m and 100m breaststroke and 100m and 200m IM.
Jess Richens’s trio of golds came in the 15/o 50m and 100m breaststroke and 200m butterfly.
Two golds each went to O’Keefe (15/o 200m and 400m free), Matt Collins (15/o 50m and 100m back), Sheila Monera (11-12yrs 50m fly and free), Carter Stuhlmacher (11-12yrs 100m and 200m free) and one each to Alan Szczasiuk (13-14yrs 100m IM), Henry Bramwell-reeks (15/o 200m back), Luca Sartorius (50m breast), Gray Omosevwherha (13-14yrs 200m fly) and Mae Phillips (10yrs 50m fly).
Poole’s medal tally comprised 33 gold, 36 silver and 29 bronze.
Alice Tai breaks seven world records at World Series event
Poole star Peters ends year with three golds in Canada
Dorset swimmers thrive on national stage against England's best
Swim Bournemouth secure Arena League promotion with 24 wins at final gala
Top awards for Alldrick and McCrea
Seven Dorset records fall at swimming's South West Winter Championship
Record-breaking Kayla makes mark in Manchester
Swim Bournemouth start on a high
Kayla so close to British junior 100m breaststroke record
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1957
|
__label__wiki
| 0.924413
| 0.924413
|
"Roseanne" Reboot Review: It's Grownup and Great
'Roseanne' Reboot: It's Grownup And Great
The breakthrough family comedy returns, as sharp and funny as ever
by Tim Appelo, AARP, March 21, 2018 | Comments: 0
Adam Rose/ABC
Roseanne (Roseanne Barr) and Dan (John Goodman) adjust to living with their adult children and grandchildren in the revival of "Roseanne."
Where to Watch: Tuesdays on ABC
Premiere: March 27, 8 p.m.ET/7 CT
Stars: Roseanne Barr, John Goodman, Laurie Metcalf
Roseanne Barr’s famous cackle is back on TV, two decades after the original show once watched by 20 million left the air, and the reboot's really good — though not for the reason you might think from the early publicity, which emphasizes the family feud over the Trump election.
Yes, there’s a "Make America Great Again" hat to go with the Elvis commemorative plate on the wall of the Conner family’s blue-collar Illinois home, and Roseanne and her pussy-hat-wearing liberal sister, Jackie (Laurie Metcalf, AARP’s Movies for Grownups supporting actress award winner), do squabble over the election.
Of course they would, and their spat is skillfully composed by original Roseanne writers. “Aunt Jackie thinks every girl should grow up and be president, even if they’re a liar, liar, pants suit on fire,” teases Roseanne.
But actually, politics is the least important and funny thing about the eight-episode revival. What’s most important is that, except for new, grownup problems we can identify with — Roseanne and John Goodman now contend with aches, pains and prescription-drug costs— everything is the same as it used to be.
And, of course, it would be, because the perpetually strapped blue-collar Conner clan can’t afford a new afghan for the couch, let alone a new couch. “It’s a decorating choice called poverty,” as daughter Darlene (Sara Gilbert) cracks to her ex, David (Johnny Galecki) — though Darlene should talk, she’s more broke than her mom. She’s moved back home with her two kids.
The entire Conner family returns to make us laugh and cry. From left: Roseanne Barr, Jayden Rey, Michael Fishman, Sara Gilbert, Laurie Metcalf and John Goodman.
Darlene still fights hilariously with her sister, Becky (Lecy Goranson), slinging barbs like, “The only reason you look younger than me is because you’re embalmed in Mike’s Hard Lemonade.” But Becky, a widowed waitress, claims she’s younger than she is, and an infertile woman wants to pay her $50,000 to bear a baby for her. (In an in-joke, the woman is played by Sarah Chalke, who played the Becky role after Goranson left the show.)
But some things never change. Life is tough when you’re lower middle class, and peevish jokes will get you through. D.J. (Michael Fishman), back from military duty overseas, asks his mom if she gets points on her credit card. “We get threats — is that the same thing?” Roseanne replies.
Even Sandra Bernhard is back as a family friend, and Estelle Parsons returns as Roseanne and Jackie’s mom.
The focus on Roseanne’s politics is understandable, since she’s a noisy if eccentric Trump supporter on Twitter, and, after all, she may have been the first public person to urge him to run for president, when he was on her late-'90s talk show. She ran for president herself in real life and got more than half as many votes as Trump won by. And the Conners’ clash does reflect what’s going on in America today.
But Roseanne was never exactly like All in the Family, a vehicle to air political disputes. It felt like a real family, more natural than Archie, Edith, Gloria and Meathead did. Nobody before Roseanne ever dared to make a TV family so unsentimentally non-idealized, living from paycheck to paycheck, skewering one another with zingers that hurt, using wit to cut the pain (and to cut down egos).
Shot before a live audience, the new Roseanne still feels like a spontaneous visit to a warm, loving home with real problems. Somebody in the family is stealing opioids, which is inconvenient, because as Roseanne complains, “My knee is holding a gun to my head.” Darlene’s 9-year-old, Mark (Ames McNamara), wants to wear girls’ clothes to school because “I like colors that pop.”
This Roseanne could have been depressing, like a tour by an old rock band that's lost its touch and forgotten the lyrics. The first episode does have a few wobbles, as it tries to cram in slightly too much social commentary. But in the second half hour (which airs right after the first on March 27), the cast and writers find the groove again, and a third episode provided for critics is better, too. Roseanne is a golden oldie, but its themes are still ripped from today’s headlines and turned into real people's problems. What's more, it has the crucial element for great nostalgia: It’s good enough to win new fans who never saw the original.
More on 'Roseanne'
Roseanne and John Goodman open up to AARP
10 Roseanne episodes where no topic was off limits
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1963
|
__label__cc
| 0.712542
| 0.287458
|
Searching (2018) Review
September 19, 2018 Casey 6 Comments 2018 Movie Review, Aneesh Chaganty, Hollywood Movie Review, Searching
Thriller or horror movies that are entirely or largely told on a computer/laptop screen is actually nothing new. It was a high-concept premise already been made over the last few years with the likes of (sadly underrated) The Den (2013), Open Windows (2014), Unfriended (2014) as well as this year’s Unfriended: Dark Web.
Now, joining the bandwagon is Annesh Chaganty’s Searching, which tells a nervous Korean-American father David Kim (John Cho) on a frenzied quest to locate his missing teenage daughter (Michelle La). With the help of a dedicated local detective (Debra Messing), David soon discovers that his teenage daughter’s disappearance lies a more sinister outcome.
First-time feature director Aneesh Chaganty, who used to work at Google before embarking in his dream career making short films, does an amazing job in Searching right from the beginning. The opening montage is worth noting here. It instantly reminds me of Up, where we witness David and his wife (Sara Sohn’s Pamela) alongside their then-little daughter experiencing a series of happy and sad moments. Despite the scene lasted only for a few minutes, it delivers all the necessary emotional impact that is both genuinely heartfelt and affecting — one of the prime examples on how to create a great scene using minimalist techniques.
Searching keeps me hooked for the rest of the movie and it gets better the moment David discovers his teenage daughter has gone missing. Chaganty, who also co-wrote the screenplay alongside Sev Ohanian, manage to maintain a consistent pace with twists and turns as well as a number of engaging moments. As David frantically go through his laptop to find Margot through her friend’s contact lists and other digital footprints such as Facebook, Gmail, YouCast and Tumblr, the scene unfolds like a page-turner of a suspense novel. The movie is so involving and has an interactive edge that enables us to play “armchair detective” with David to piece all the clues together.
The movie also benefits from John Cho’s excellent dramatic performance as David Kim. He successfully captures all the struggles, confusion and frustration that an emotionally distraught father would experience when the only child is missing. This is undoubtedly his finest performance to date as an actor.
As for the rest of the actors, Michelle La and even a minor role by Sara Sohn both provide solid supports as David’s daughter Margot and wife Pamela respectively. Debra Messing, who often associated with comedies regardless of television (Will & Grace) and movies (The Wedding Date, Nothing Like the Holidays), surprises me with her genuinely dramatic turn as Detective Rosemary Vick.
The only setback here is the ending, which I personally find it curiously cloying. But other than that, Searching succeeds as a tautly-paced thriller and a poignant drama that touches on the struggling father-daughter dynamic.
← Paskal: The Movie (2018) Review
Smallfoot (2018) Review →
6 thoughts on “Searching (2018) Review”
Hey, great review! Although I wouldn’t choose a film that is mostly told on a computer screen, I’m now intrigued to watch Searching. Thanks!
CaseyPost author
Yes, please do. It’s an excellent thriller that made good use of the computer screen.
Great review! I love suspenseful thrillers. Looking forward to seeing the movie.
Thanks 🙂 Hope you enjoy the movie, Molly.
I’m not a very big movie person, but my husband is, and I am totally going to tell him about this movie! Any sort of suspense movie that grabs your attention the entire time he will love – thanks for the review!
You are welcome, Traci 🙂
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1968
|
__label__cc
| 0.565773
| 0.434227
|
The Ultimate Betrayal, against Jesus in the Most Blessed Sacrament.
Wouldn't you just know it? It was all started by Cardinal Bernardin. No surprise there.
Vic Biorseth, Sunday, March 13, 2016
These thoughts were inspired by another effort of ChurchMilitant.com, exposing for the first time, at least for me, the original source of
the extra little tables (second Altars) in Catholic Churches,
the Priest turning his back on God to smile at us during Mass,
and the near elimination of recognition and due reverence to the Most Blessed Sacrament, through lay reception in the hand.
I'll bet you thought these changes came out of Vatican II, or that they might have come out of the new Novus Ordo Mass of Paul VI. Wrong. They were the invention of a cabal of American Bishops led by Cardinal Bernardin. Which is to say, they came out of nowhere in official Catholic Liturgy, which was and is supposed to be controlled from Rome, not any bunch of American social engineers and experimenters.
With this new revelation many things begin to make sense. Since these new practices were not condemned from Rome, we all thought they originated in Rome. But Rome wasn't paying attention. There is a similarity to how, here in America, We The People haven't been paying attention to the growing power of our unconstitutional Political Parties, and the operation of our government being taken over by the Parties, and to the creeping Marxist ideology running our Parties, and through them, running us.
Cardinal Bernardin, in case you didn't know, was the first General Secratary of the USCCB (United States Conference of Bishops), which is, in my opinion, a Political Party in the Catholic Church, with a particular political agenda. It contends with other Catholic Political Parties from other places in the world, and it's agenda bears a strong resemblance to our own American Marxocrat Party. In fact, they favor and support each other. The USCCB may play-act at being something other than a Political Party, but a very powerful Political Party with its own political agenda is precisely what it is.
And, Cardinal Bernardin, along with Saul Alinsky, was instrumental in forming the infamous CCHD (Catholic Campaign for Human Development). It is not entirely clear to me whether Alinsky was exploiting Bernardin, or Bernardin was exploiting Alinsky.
Of course, Bernardin was at the center of the whole gigantic sex abuse scandal, covering evidence, paying hush money, moving abusive Priests around so they could victimize others in other Parishes, and participating in it, until it got so big it couldn't be concealed any longer and the whole thing blew up in their evil faces.
He was the first to offer Mass to divorced and remarried Catholics. Look at where this is going now. I remember that my own mother, divorced and remarried, couldn't even go to Mass with us, until after my step father died. Now, following the path blazed by Bishops like Bernardin, divorced and remarrieds are on the path to actually receiving Communion at Mass. None of this originated in Rome. It's a Political movement. It's getting the laity used to the practice ahead of time, so that they might protest any future crack-down, with some justification.
And so it is with the practice of receiving Communion in the hand. If that stops, what happens to all those lay distribution ministers at every Novus Ordo you ever attend anywhere? Does anyone think they would not loudly protest?
It was Bernardin who invented the "Seamless Garment" theology, in which all mortal sins were held to be more or less equivalent. Missing Mass on Sunday was pretty much the same thing as performing or procuring an abortion. So, we shouldn't "Judge" the procurer of abortions if we ourselves have missed Mass, for we are equally guilty of grave sin. It is this thinking that allows so many American Catholic Bishops to support pro-abortion American politicians and candidates for office. There are actually Catholic Bishops and Priests who are "Social Issue Liberals".
Jesus said, to His disciples, I give you a new commandment; love one another as I have loved you. His disciples are to love one another. That is how the world - all the non-disciples - will know that we are His disciples, by the fact that we love one another. We are His Church; we are His body.
To be a disciple in the first place means to be a student and follower. How do we know how to do that? Jesus said, to His disciples, If you love me, keep my commandments.
And Jesus said, to His Church, Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you; and lo, I am with you always, to the close of the age.
The only way we laymen can know His commandments is if His Church properly teaches them. There is no other source.
Have any of His commandments changed? Has the Revelation changed? Is He now due less respect and reverence? Is the Church in America, and is the whole Catholic Church, moving us away from Him, or moving us toward Him?
Do our Bishops seek to make us holy, or something less than holy?
Pray for our Pope and our Bishops, and very carefully discern the Truth in these matters for the sake or your own immortal soul.
Seek, and ye shall find.
Date: Sun Mar 13 09:43:56 2016
From: Mariann
Good Morning Vic, Well written as usual. Thanks for all you do! Recently, CM was discussing the Land o' Lakes Conference and linked to the infamous "The Idea of the Catholic University" document. Not having the time to give the full piece of nonsense a looksee, I was able to scan a bit. This #5 was enlightening as to why Catholic Universities are rarely Catholic:
5. The Catholic University as the Critical Reflective Intelligence of the Church
Every university, Catholic or not, serves as the critical reflective intelligence of its society. In keeping with this general function, the Catholic university has the added obligation of performing this same service for the Church. Hence, the university should carry on a continual examination of all aspects and all activities of the Church and should objectively evaluate them. The Church would thus have the benefit of continual counsel from Catholic universities. Catholic universities in the recent past have hardly played this role at all. It may well be one of the most important functions of the Catholic university of the future.
It sounds as though they place themselves on the same level as the magisterium. What enormity of damage to souls and the Bride of Christ by such evil has been done.
May God bless you and your lovely bride,
Mariann
Date: Sun Mar 13 2016
Mariann:
That idea resonates here; I think there is a principle at play here along the lines that legitimate authority that is never exercised will be assumed and illegitimately exercised by those who are supposed to be subject to it.
I feel another article coming on. Maybe tomorrow morning before work. For some reason I always do my best writing in the early morning. Thank you for this.
Warmest Regards and Blessings,
PS: See Default Authority.
Treachery aimed at treason, whether aimed at nations, families, spouses, institutions or whatever, always begins with treachery aimed at betrayal of Truth.
Treachery and Treason Pages
All the sneaky, underhanded ways that Evil undoes natural goodness, by convincing good men, first that nothing is black and white; second, that there are many, many shades of gray; and third and finally, that bad is good, and good is bad.
Is it Communist Islamism, or Islamic Communism? As the two dominant globalist political movements active in the world today, Communism and Islam always unite at the top, despite the occasional bloody animosities in the ranks.
Treason against Nation is bad, but Ultimate Treason is against Faith and Morals. Don't just look at Washington as the source of all of our problems; look first at what's being taught from the Pulpit.
The Blind Guides leading Western Civilization toward the pit of Human Barbarity. "Establishment" Party Members and "Establishment" USCCB Bishops are not all Evil Traitors; most of them are Deceived Blind Guides.
Islam Unleashed: The Evil Destroyer of Human Civilization, loosed on the world. Even Saudi Arabia fears it, and builds a wall against it. When Islam is off the leash the whole world is again in great danger.
Leftist Rioters need our empathy; law enforcement against them is a no-no. Leftist rioters and anarchists are publicly sympathized with, even at the expense of civil order, public safety and property rights.
Domestic Enemies of the Judaeo-Christian Ethos and of Constitutional America. Pure Politicians, Political Parties and Social Scientists: the Domestic Enemies working to bring down Constitutional America and Western Civilization.
The Ultimate Betrayal, against Jesus in the Most Blessed Sacrament. Wouldn't you just know it? It was all started by Cardinal Bernardin. No surprise there.
We're all looking for the Candidate who might fix our Anti-American Court. The next President might get to appoint four new Justices; that's all well and good, but why don't we even think about Impeachment for the majority of them right now?
Obamunist Assassins: Could pre-planned assassinations bring him back to power? Does a President of a Capitalist Christian nation, who was raised by Communists and educated by Moslems, really intend to permanently leave office?
The common link between Paris, San Bernardino, 9/11, etc.: Islamic Jihad. It was common, ordinary, every day Jihad. No one was radicalized; nothing was hijacked; no one went berserk.
Our New Wuss Generation, the Predictable Product of Moral Relativism. Once one generation was raised in Moral Relativism, then next generation almost had to be a bunch of Wussies.
Legally Destroying America, through Defining Treason Down. American Political Parties are swiftly dismantling Constitutional government, having first defined treason down to the point of non-existence.
Boehner's Treason is a far Greater Treason than that of Obama. Obama's Treason is now glaringly obvious, and Boehner still pretends to oppose it.
You're gonna hold their feet to the fire? What fire? They're laughing at you. You can't hold Republicrat's feet to the fire. They are the fireproof new political nobility.
Argument: The Good, The Bad and The Pointless. On the Reasoned Argument. (In the absence of reason, there is no valid argument.)
Agent Provocateurs: Manipulated manipulators inflaming Ferguson MO. The agent provocateurs are defrauded fools defrauding and fooling a dumbed-down populace.
Treacherous Cronyism is bringing Western Civilization down, from the inside. America, Christianity, Judaism, ALL, are being laid low from within, via Treacherous Cronyism.
The 2014 Mid-Term Elections Cometh: Here we go again. Next Tuesday, the 2014 Mid-Term Elections are upon us. What are we going to do about it?
Treachery and Treason: where all the lies, deceit and deception are leading us.. Another anniversary of 9/11 approaches; what lies beyond? Treachery and Treason in America.
The Ebola Setup: Another possible trigger for the final revolution? The purposeful government infection of America, through the Ebola setup. Why?
A fallen people must return to Principle to return to Greatness. Returning to Principle is the only path to national salvation.
America’s grounds for impeachment need to be expanded and extended. Grounds for impeachment from office: Opposition to America as founded, covering all branches of government.
Is the Constitution now toast? Was this the election that did America in? Is the Constitution now toast, and if not, why not?
Degenerate generations of mal-educated citizens beget even worse generations. Multiple Degenerate Generations of Americans, raised up in iniquity, now displace the Old Way.
How little lies grow up to become treachery and treason. Treachery and treason, and death, patiently waits at the end of the trail of all opposition to Truth.
What are We The People to do with Roberts and his court? Impeach the bastards! Roberts joined four other Justices in direct opposition to our Constitution, and we should impeach the bastards.
The Case for Treason, against the Presidency, many in Congress and in the Court. Presenting the Case for Treason, possible against some violators of their oaths of office.
The End Game; Marxism & Islam join hands beneath the smoke of world chaos. This could be the end game, it could be the beginning of World War Three, or, just another global depression.
American Cultural Linkages, and the fatal Cultural Tipping Point. Religion Plus Politics Makes A Nation. The Fatal Tipping Point is in That Vital Linkage.
Americas Last Stand; Cling to your Bible, Constitution and guns; you will be OK. We The People will make America's Last Stand. Neither Party will defend the Constitution.
The Godless Left leads the young and naive to their utopian Hell. For an honest comparison of the effects on youth, we need to look to the history of the Godless Left versus the Religious Right.
Rush Limbaough just hit on something big: the Politics of Popularity. The Politics of Popularity explains why so many areas of American life have fallen into error.
The layers of lies that are destroying America; it’s like peeling an onion. Our many layers of lies, deceptions, disinformation, treachery and destructive agendas, all aimed at Truth.
The facade of the Smiling Revolutionary hides his evil intentions toward voters. The Moron-Vote is Mesmerized by Smiling Revolutionary, until it is too late.
Absolute Moral Depravity and Our New Marxist Nobility. The American Revolution Eliminated Nobility; Marxist Moral Depravity brought it back.
Casually Crashing America and Innocently Destabilizing the World. Casually Crashing America and Fomenting Foreign Wars, all while appearing disinterested.
Rebirthing America, out of the ashes of Obamunist destruction. Rebirthing America, provided there is enough left to work with.
Our American governmental criminal enterprise. Our governmental criminal enterprise is run much like any crime family.
The Most Beautiful Lies are multifaceted, persuasive and long-lived. Beautiful Lies have more than one purpose; at least two, often more than three.
Who "radicalized" the Boston Marathon Bomber brothers? It's the Koran, Stupid. Yes, it's the Koran, stupid, and it's mainstream Islam, and there's nothing radical about either of them.
The why of it: are our teachers, leaders and our journalists all just stupid? Everything everyone in Washington does these days raises questions about the why of it all.
Try to imagine a post-American world, and how it might treat mankind. A post-American world would return to pre-liberty control and pre-Capitalism plunder.
The Marco Rubio and the Criminal Aliens story shows our intellectual decline. The plan of Marco Rubio and the Criminal Aliens is the path to Republican Party doom.
Fair warning: Beware of the Moslem Liars holding olive branches and smiling. If you have Moslem friends, you need to learn about the religious Moslem Liars.
What's new about the Benghazi story? We may never know it all. There may be too many Marxists and Moslems imbedded in the FBI and CIA to know the truth.
Unrecognized Criminality, like habitual sin, morphs into the new norm. De-emphasis of Constitutional Law led to unrecognized criminality in high places.
The Atheist Obsessions, with sexual obsessions chief among them. On the seemingly universal projection of the atheist obsessions onto believers and the un-obsessed.
On the Superficial Beauty of Evil. The Superficial Beauty of the lie presents the allure and attraction of untruth and falsehood.
Faith alone is not enough; faith without works is dead. There is no more time to prepare, for the battle has begun and the decisive moment is upon you. Get off your ass and fight; faith alone is not enough.
On Demonizing the Loyalty Oath: Marking the end of loyalty? Outlawing all Loyalty Oaths is preparation for Revolution against the status quo and all order.
Multi-Culturalism: Suicidal Diversity. How on earth could hetorgeneity displace homgeneity without destroying culture?
The Republicrat Liars: Cooperating in the Destruction of America. All Marxocrats always lie; therefore, Republicrat Liars are the most treacherous liars.
Politicized Courage: Marxocrat-Party sponsored opposition to nature. Marxist reversal of Vice and Virtue using their new phony politicized courage.
History repeats itself, and then repeats itself, and then repeats itself ... The Ukraine, once again, is being involuntarily flushed down the toilet of Communism.
Multiple acts of high treason keep going by without even being challenged. Another Presidential act of high treason? Ho hum, heavy sigh and here we go again.
Seeking balance in anti-Christian and anti-Constitution American culture. Keeping spiritual and political balance when 1/3 of the culture is evil and 1/3 is not even paying attention.
Why all the homo marriage surprise? There is nothing new under the sun. On the unconstitutional Court legislated homo marriage surprise. Ho hum, heavy sigh and here we go again.
Our Criminal Government and its totally dependent Moron Voter Base. The hearings are a joke. Our Criminal Government is not going to indict anyone in government for anything.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1969
|
__label__cc
| 0.644571
| 0.355429
|
Official Latino Film and Arts Festival NYC: Block 2
The Official Latino Film and Arts Festival presents: The 2019 New York City Semi-Finals.
The Official Latino Film and Arts Festival showcases films written, directed and produced by Latina and Latino filmmakers and filmmakers of a diverse background that champion for inclusion and diversity here in the U.S.
The Festival is proud to be called a Domestic Festival, focusing on what we are producing here in our backyard. Every film showcased during this screening has been produced in New York City by New Yorkers.
NYC BLOCK 2 | Sunday, July 7th 8:00pm
2 Ushers Walk Into A Play directed by Becca Beberaggi
The Cat Can Dance directed by Ariadne Vasquez
Three Periods directed by Kat Lazo
Away From You: Integration directed by Cely Riva
Stacy directed by Julia Delmedico
The Womens World Cup Commercial Parody directed by Lorena Russi
The Birds & the Bees & the Belly Button directed by Alexandra Nader
Pancakes directed by Kai Torres
Plant the Seed directed by Taína Asili
Doors 7:45 PM, show 8:15 PM.
Tickets $12 in advance, $14 at the door.
This event is mixed seated and standing room. Seats are first-come, first-served.
REFUND POLICY: Tickets may be refunded up to 24 hours before the event. Within 24 hours we may take exchanges for other events at our discretion. No refunds after the event.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1970
|
__label__wiki
| 0.979721
| 0.979721
|
Virginia governor Terry McAuliffe restores voting rights to 200,000 felons
April 22, 2016 / 12:33 PM / AP
RICHMOND, Va. More than 200,000 convicted felons will be eligible to vote and run for public office in Virginia under a sweeping executive order announced Friday by Democratic Gov. Terry McAuliffe.
McAuliffe said his actions would help undo Virginia's long history of trying to suppress the black vote.
He said he was certain he had the legal authority for the massive extension of voting rights, adding that he'd consulted with legal and constitutional experts, including Virginia Attorney General Mark Herring.
Martin O'Malley calls for constitutional amendment on voting rights
"Too often in both our distant and recent history, politicians have used their authority to restrict people's ability to participate in our democracy," McAuliffe said in a statement. "Today we are reversing that disturbing trend and restoring the rights of more than 200,000 of our fellow Virginians who work, raise families and pay taxes in every corner of our Commonwealth."
The governor's action means that every Virginia felon who has completed their sentence and finished any supervised release, parole or probation requirements as of April 22 will be able to vote, run for public office, serve on a jury and become a notary public. The administration estimates that about 206,000 people will be impacted.
McAuliffe has made the restoration of rights of former convicts a priority of his administration. Before Friday's order, the administration had restored the rights of more than 18,000 felons, which officials said is more than the past seven governors combined.
The Washington-DC based Sentencing Project estimates that nearly 6 million Americans are barred from voting because of laws impacting former felons. Maine and Vermont are the only states that don't restrict the voting rights of convicted felons.
Such policies disproportionately impact African Americans, the group says. Virginia is among three states where more than one in five black adults have lost their voting rights, according to a recent Sentencing Project report.
First published on April 22, 2016 / 12:33 PM
© 2016 The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
2020 Daily Trail Markers: The next debate lineup is now set
The lineup for the second set of primary debates at the end of the month has been announced by CNN; Harris announces an Iowa bus tour; Klobuchar picks up NH endorsements, and candidates share their favorite movies
Omar holds town hall amid Trump rally backlash
U.S. Rep. Ilhan Omar received a standing ovation at a town hall in Minnesota on Thursday, one day after a crowd gave a racist chant about her at a Trump rally.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1973
|
__label__cc
| 0.63847
| 0.36153
|
CanAlaska Obtains 100% of the Cree East Uranium Project, One of the Largest Properties in the Eastern Athabasca Basin
Multiple Targets with Assessment Credits to 2033
Vancouver, Canada, July 10, 2017 — CanAlaska Uranium Ltd. (TSX-V: CVV; OTCQB: CVVUF; Frankfurt: DH7N), “the Company” is pleased to report that it has increased its interest in the Cree East uranium project, one of the largest land positions in the eastern Athabasca. CanAlaska now owns an unencumbered 100% interest in the project which covers 57,752 hectares, (223 square miles) of highly prospective terrain. The project has land assessment credits banked until 2033 and hosts multiple large scale uranium targets.
CanAlaska bought back the 50% interest in the Limited Partnership earned by the Korean partners Hanwha, KORES, KEPCO and SK (the “Partners”) in consideration for certain indemnities which it provided to the Partners. In addition, all funds previously invested by the Partners that were held in the Partnership’s bank account on the date of closing were returned to the Partners at closing.
Since 2007, the Korean Partners have funded C$19 million of exploration on the Cree East Project and delineated multiple zones of uranium mineralization associated with graphitic conductors and large hydrothermal alteration halos. The uranium is found in basement and sandstone environments, at depths ranging from 100 metres to 450 metres below surface. The systematic multi-phase exploration programs on the project were reduced in scale in 2011 and exploration drilling has been suspended since 2012. The property has two priority exploration targets at Zone A and Zone B, where uranium has been discovered above and below the unconformity, at approximately 400 metres depth. Details of these targets and the project 43-101 report on exploration potential is available on the company’s website at: http://bit.ly/2u05mTl
President Peter Dasler commented, “CanAlaska is again very grateful for the support of each of the four Korean Industry Partners management and staff for their guidance and financial support on the project. CanAlaska is now working to find new partners to advance the drill testing of the targets that have been delineated. Management believes that there are a number of parties who are building interest in funding exploration on advanced exploration projects such as Cree East, in recognition that nuclear power is a fundamental cornerstone of clean energy production. Nuclear plant construction is at a 25 year high, with a projected doubling of nuclear power reactors by 2050. There is a predicted shortage of uranium for these new power plants, and current oversupply is being addressed by short term production cutbacks by the major producers. New exploration on advanced projects such as Cree East provide the opportunity for multiple large discoveries which could be timed to match market demand.”
The qualified technical person for this news release is Dr. Karl Schimann, P. Geo., VP Exploration for CanAlaska.
About CanAlaska Uranium
CanAlaska Uranium Ltd. (TSX-V: CVV; OTCQB: CVVUF; Frankfurt: DH7N)) holds interests in approximately 500,000 hectares (1.2 million acres), one of the largest land positions in Canada’s Athabasca Basin region — the “Saudi Arabia of Uranium.” CanAlaska’s strategic holdings has attracted major international mining companies and currently include Cameco Corp. and Denison Mines Corp. CanAlaska is a project generator and is positioned for discovery success in the world’s richest uranium district. For further information visit www.canalaska.com.
“Peter Dasler”
Peter Dasler, P. Geo., President & CEO
Peter Dasler, President and CEO.
Tel: +1.604.688.3211 x318
Email: [email protected] John Gomez
All statements included in this press release that address activities, events or developments that the Company expects, believes or anticipates will or may occur in the future are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements involve numerous assumptions made by the Company based on its experience, perception of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors it believes are appropriate in the circumstances. In addition, these statements involve substantial known and unknown risks and uncertainties that contribute to the possibility that the predictions, forecasts, projections and other forward-looking statements will prove inaccurate, certain of which are beyond the Company’s control. Readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Except as required by law, the Company does not intend to revise or update these forward-looking statements after the date hereof or revise them to reflect the occurrence of future unanticipated events.
CanAlaska and Korean Partners Agree on Cree East Uranium Project Buyout
Cameco Commences Drill Program on West McArthur Project under Option from CanAlaska
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1978
|
__label__wiki
| 0.54633
| 0.54633
|
Press Release Siwertell
Siwertell to deliver a high-capacity ship unloader to a grain terminal
CARGOTEC CORPORATION, PRESS RELEASE, 7 MARCH 2016 AT 10 AM (EET)
Siwertell, part of Cargotec, has received an order from a port development company for a high-capacity ship unloader destined to serve a busy grain terminal. The ST640-M screw-type unloader has been ordered as part of an ongoing development programme and will replace an old mechanical unloader.
The customer chose the Siwertell unloader after a two-year tendering process, which gathered information on global innovations in the field, with a particular focus on minimising air and water pollution.
"A wide range of factors influenced the customer's decision. Siwertell offered the best technical solution with the best environmental performance and we are able to deliver the necessary high capacity, efficiency and reliability. We offered all this at a very competitive price," says Juha Huovilainen, Sales Director at Siwertell.
Siwertell unloaders are ideal for virtually all dry agribulk cargoes. Their screw technology transports the cargo very gently, resulting in minimal degradation. The new unloader will have a rated capacity of 1,200t/h and will be able to handle ships up to Panamax size. It will be constructed in Europe and China and delivered in sections for final completion on site during the third quarter of 2017.
"This order identified Siwertell as a reliable supplier with a convincing list of references and testimonials. Our totally-enclosed technology eliminates spillage and keeps dust emissions to an absolute minimum, making it a perfect fit for the customer's purposes," Huovilainen continues.
As extensive support during the first year of operation to maximise the unloader's performance and long-term reliability is included in the contract.
Juha Huovilainen, Sales Director, Siwertell, tel.+46 761 077044
juha.huovilainen@cargotec.com
Emily Brækhus Cueva, Marketing Manager, Siwertell, tel. +46 706 858023
emily.cueva@cargotec.com
Siwertell ship unloaders and loaders are based on unique screw conveyor technology, in combination with belt conveyors and aeroslides, and can handle virtually any dry bulk cargo, such as alumina, biomass, cement, coal, fertilizers, grain and sulphur. Siwertell's product portfolio includes ship unloaders, mobile ship unloaders, ship loaders, conveying systems and complete bulk terminal solutions, all of which are designed to ensure environmentally-friendly and efficient cargo operations. www.siwertell.com
Siwertell AB is part of Cargotec. Cargotec (Nasdaq Helsinki: CGCBV) is a leading provider of cargo and load handling solutions with the goal of becoming the leader in intelligent cargo handling. Cargotec's sales in 2015 totalled approximately EUR 3.7 billion and it employs almost 11,000 people. www.cargotec.com
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1985
|
__label__wiki
| 0.522625
| 0.522625
|
Book Review: "Genuine Fraud" by E.Lockhart*
Oh boy, where do I begin? You know how I normally have long intros and babble on like one of the Gilmore Girls? How I like to be positive, bake cookies and spread kindness (with a side of sarcasm, ofc)? All I can say is that I`m no writer and I appreciate the work that someone puts into their work. However, when a book is a complete rip off of something else, it is hard to be kind. So I`m sorry if I`ll offend anyone with this review. I`m not going to deny that E.Lockhart is a talented writer and state that when "We Were Liars" came out, I highly enjoyed it. But this book is a fraud. Because it`s the gender-swap, reverse story of "The Talented Mr Ripley".
I get that nowadays it`s hard to write something truly original. Everything was inspired by something else. But this book was a copy, a case of stolen identity if you will. Come on, even the murder weapon and the scenario is the same. On top of that, whilst the situation was plausible in the 50`s, it`s hard to believe that it can work nowadays.
I have not read "The Talented Mr Ripley", but I`ve seen the movie countless times. It`s one of my favourites, from the impressive cast to the beautiful locations. The story and especially that ending is a masterpiece. (and Jude Law has a cute bum bum, so yeah) I`d totally recommend it and I might tell you to read "Genuine Fraud" afterwards just so you see what a mess it is.
Anyways, change Tom Ripley into Jule, Dickie into Imogen, Marge into Forrester and you have the cast of "Genuine Fraud". The love for jazz is replaced by the love for Victorian literature, which made it a bit more likeable, but not enough to save it. Other than the confusing reverse-chronological storytelling it`s pretty much the same to the movie/book. I mean, it`s terrible rip-off, but hey ho. And whilst the movie ends with an open ending that suggests that Tom is going further and further down the rabbit hole and he will eventually get caught, our psychopath walks free. The thing is, I was able to connect somewhat with Tom due to Matt Damon`s good acting. But the way Jule is portrayed, you feel no connection to her whatsoever. Everyone in the book is a one-dimensional, shallow person. The book has no substance, just a fancy setting.
The one thing I partially liked about this book was the feminist vibes. The book constantly challenges the way women are viewed by society:
"She knew that women were rarely the centers of such stories. Instead, they were eye candy, arm candy, victims, or love interests. Mostly, they exited to help the great white hetero hero on his fucking epic journey."
However, there was a quote that annoyed the hell out of me: "she was scrappy yet willing to please, feminist yet feminine". Like I said, this book had a pro girl power message, so I was confused about that part. Are feminist supposed to be angry, manly looking witches? Because hey, I`m a feminist and I like lipsticks and pretty dresses. And other feminists don`t, but feminism is not a "one size fits all" type of thing.
Maybe if I hadn`t seen "The Talented Mr Ripley" I might have given this book 3 stars. But because it`s such a cheap knock-off, I can`t give it more than 1 star. I`m not trying to discredit the author, but I think it`s lazy to take the complete story from another book and just tweak it a bit to make it your own.
* I received this book from NetGalley in exchange of an honest review. All opinions are my own.
Lara @ Words With Lara 10 November 2017 at 21:25
I was not a fan of this one. I haven't read or seen The Talented Mr. Ripley, but I just heavily disliked the characters... a lot!
Zoe N. 10 November 2017 at 21:52
Aww... I'm sorry to see this was so disappointing. :( I can definitely see where you're coming from though. Nonetheless, thanks for sharing and, as always, fabulous review! <3
~ Zoe @ Stories on Stage
Pam Scalfi 13 November 2017 at 10:47
Why would anyone just copy it though! Such laziness!
Book Review: "Blackheath" by Gabriella Lepore*
TTT: My Winter TBR
TTT: Ten Books I`m Thankful For
TTT: Top Ten Books I Want My Future Children To Re...
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1986
|
__label__cc
| 0.696777
| 0.303223
|
Ciena wins $200 million contract with telecom provider
Competitive local phone company McLeodUSA agrees to buy optical switching hardware from the maker of fiber-optic equipment for use in its new nationwide network.
Competitive local phone company McLeodUSA agreed Wednesday to buy more than $200 million in optical switching hardware from Ciena for use in its new nationwide network.
Under terms of the agreement, McLeodUSA will install more than 50 of Ciena's CoreDirector optical switches by the end of the year.
The deal is significant because new customer announcements are scarce these days for many optical and networking hardware manufacturers. A shortage of investment capital has forced many carriers to reduce their spending on new gear. In turn, many equipment makers, particularly smaller upstarts, have struggled as their sales slowed. Some analysts, however, believe carriers are apt to continue spending on optical gear because demand for bandwidth continues to rise.
"Ciena is clearly dominating in the optics space with its CoreDirector product," said Seth Spalding, a communications equipment analyst at Epoch Partners, an investment bank. "They're maintaining their revenue momentum even despite the (capital expenditure) slowdown."
In an effort to expand its business, McLeodUSA is building a 30,000-mile fiber-optic network aimed at carrying data traffic for other carriers, Internet service providers and Web hosting firms and major business customers. The company primarily provides local voice service in the Midwest and Rocky Mountain regions.
Certain portions of the intercity and intracity network will be operational this year.
Ciena makes a line of optical switching equipment, the MultiWave CoreDirector, for the core of fiber-optic networks. The company's optical gear allows carriers to switch their traffic by converting the optical signal into an electrical impulse to route it, then reconverting it as an optical signal before sending it on. The technology differs from that used by competitors like Corvis that offer all-optical switching and claim the method reduces slowdowns on a network.
Ciena will report its first-quarter financial results next week.
Discuss: Ciena wins $200 million contract with telecom provider
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1988
|
__label__wiki
| 0.827465
| 0.827465
|
Funeral chain creates visual campaign to show dangers of fentanyl
Metro Vancouver funeral chain serves up to five families monthly who’s loved one died from overdose
Ashley Wadhwani
Dec. 1, 2017 1:00 p.m.
UPDATE: B.C. Coroners Service chief coroner Lisa Lapointe releases statement on funeral chain’s program, saying the service “does not endorse, and will not be participating in, fear-based initiatives.” See more >
A B.C. funeral and cremation company has rolled out a “very visual” fentanyl prevention program that it hopes will cut the number of drug deaths related to opioids among children and young adults.
Funeral homes and crematoriams see the aftermath of overdose deaths – a statistic continuing to climb across the province.
Tyrel Burton, owner of Alternatives Funeral and Cremation Services, estimates the chain serves four to five families each month after a loved one has died from an overdose.
In a news release Thursday, Burton said the Metro Vancouver company felt it could no longer tolerate those numbers.
“All too often in recent months, we are being called on to assist a distraught family in planning a funeral service for a teen or young adult family member – the result of one terrible and tragic decision,” a blog post on the companies website reads.
Unlike other programs focusing on harm reduction, Burton said, the campaign is instead using “powerful, perhaps even controversial, visual aids” to talk about the dangers of fentanyl.
“Our focus is harm prevention,” he said.
READ MORE: 19 youth have died from overdoses, B.C.’s top doctor tells parents
READ MORE: Carfentanil detected in 37 deaths between June and September
One piece in the campaign is a poster of grieving family members surrounding a coffin. Underneath the photo, a banner reads: “Will fentanyl be the reason for your next family get-together?”
A casket and hearse are also part of the 45-minute presentation aimed at parents and their children aged 12 and up. The video will include speakers, police victim services and the parent of a child who died from a fentanyl overdose who reads a letter.
The company began raising funds for its educational fentanyl program last year, and was met with $5,000 in support.
The campaign is one of several being taken on by professionals at the forefront of the overdose crisis. Since fentanyl arrived in the province, more than 1,500 people have died.
Health authorities such as Fraser Health and Interior Health have taken on poster campaigns urging people “not to use alone,” and community groups, social workers and even businesses in the hospitality industry have led training on how to use overdose-reversing naloxone kits.
How to start a conversation with someone you care about who uses substances https://t.co/mFeowsitLF #StopOverdose pic.twitter.com/t7j5PmCNGR
— Fraser Health (@Fraserhealth) November 22, 2017
“We felt that we had to do something to reach teens and young adults before they become addicted,” Burton said in a news release. “This program is our response to what we see as a critical need.”
Program in response to watching grieving parents
Funeral director John Romeyn in nearby Abbotsford said he backs the program after hearing a comment from a grieving dad.
“I had a father say to me, ‘I was supposed to (be choosing) clothes for my daughter to wear for her graduation. Now I’m picking something to wear for her casket,’ ” he said.
Romeyn said all of those involved in the presentation try to impress on young people that no one is immune from the dangers of fentanyl or other opioids.
“We’ve dealt with pastors’ children and lawyers’ kids, and everyday people who are out there … either experimenting or the casual user who isn’t aware of what’s out there,” he added.
With files from The Canadian Press
@ashwadhwani
ashley.wadhwani@bpdigital.ca
Feds to spend millions to reverse low take up rates for low-income benefits
Scare tactics aren’t the answer for overdose crisis, B.C.’s chief coroner says
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1990
|
__label__cc
| 0.595353
| 0.404647
|
ColoradoBiz /
Trends /
"Between Utopia and the Apocalypse"
Experts call for collaboration to keep Colorado's economy on track
By Tom Skelley
Colorado has a booming economy, a talented workforce and evenly distributed economic growth. The caution: Elected officials from both sides of the aisle and business leaders will need to work together to address funding gaps and smarter fiscal policy if the good fortune is to continue.
During joint presentations January 18 at CU South in Parker, Henry Sobanet and J.J. Ament relayed that message, articulating challenges in Colorado’s economy and encouraging increased involvement with policymakers at the Capitol to an audience of more than 400 business leaders and elected officials from across the Denver metro area.
“Our state economy has been a major accomplishment,” said Ament, CEO of the Metro Denver Economic Development Corporation, citing data that show employment growth proceeding evenly across Colorado’s largest counties. “But we need civic engagement.”
“You’re not just here to network and meet people, you’re here because you want to make the world better,” said Sobanet, the CFO of Colorado State University.
THE LAY OF THE LAND
Sobanet began by explaining strains on Colorado’s general fund, among them an aging population driving increased health-care spending, mandatory annual increases in education funding and the rising cost of infrastructure maintenance. Despite an almost universally-agreed upon need to fund these priorities, state revenues aren’t rising to meet demand.
Fault for the predicament, he said, lies less with polarized politics than poor policy.
“A lot of what is wrong with public finance is not that people are bad, or mean to each other,” Sobanet said, “it’s that we have bad systems.”
Sobanet cited the Gallagher Amendment, a constitutional requirement that commercial property tax revenues be greater than residential revenues, as one culprit. He cited the Taxpayers Bill of Rights (TABOR), mandating voter approval for any tax increase, as the other “bad system.”
Gallagher deprives the general fund of reasonable revenue, Sobanet continued. Though home values have risen sharply in Colorado over the last decade, tax revenues haven’t, since the amendment requires residential property tax revenues be artificially restricted to stay below commercial revenues.
Changing the amendment would require voter approval because of TABOR, but any elected representatives asking voters to approve a tax hike, he said, would be committing “political suicide.”
Ament followed Sobanet’s assessment by highlighting Colorado’s economic strength, evidenced by a flock of corporations expanding to the state and Amazon’s courting of the metro area for its HQ2 facility.
Municipalities’ commitment to regionally diversifying industry saved the state economy from disaster during the Great Recession, he said, as the oil and gas industry tanked but economic growth remained steady. The same diversity made Colorado more attractive to corporations in the technology, healthcare, aerospace and bioscience and other industries who more recently located here.
Though issues such as Colorado’s high housing costs may make some CEOs reconsider moving or expanding to the Denver metro area, Ament said the market can correct for these issues, provided ill-conceived policies don’t hinder those adjustments.
“Business owners can drive the agenda,” he said, but “we have to hold each other accountable… As government gets more involved in every aspect of your lives, you need to be involved in all of the decisions being made.”
Ament urged business leaders in the room to work with officials and support causes that will improve viability for their own businesses and Colorado as a whole. It may mean giving up a Saturday off to volunteer, he said, but “we’ll just get what we continue to get if we don’t engage.”
"HOLLOWING OUT THE CENTER"
Lone Tree Mayor Jackie Millet moderated a Q & A session following Ament’s presentation, where both speakers expounded on the theme of civic engagement.
Sobanet urged persistence for would-be changemakers, pointing out TABOR didn’t pass until its fourth time on the ballot. He added moral support may help when officials seek to fix shortfalls created by bad systems.
“Let them know you’ll back them up,” he said.
Ament said voters must elect more informed, and less opinionated, representatives if both sides of the statehouse aisle will be able to work together and ensure a bright economic future.
“We have to insert space between utopia and the apocalypse,” he said, adding “percentages aren’t partisan.”
Andrew Graham, chair of the SMDC board of directors, said the message of “hollowing out the center” wasn’t lost on the entrepreneurs and executives who offered their feedback.
“It facilitated a spirit of collaboration among government leaders, economic leaders and chamber members about what we as a community need to do to come together,” he said. “We need to reclaim the center, and the center of those two areas is that collaborative spirit.”
Tom Skelley is an account associate with Evolution Communication Agency.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1992
|
__label__cc
| 0.627518
| 0.372482
|
Selecting The Right Damper
By Commercial Architecture on February 9, 2018 in Featured, HVAC & Plumbing
There’s more to choosing a thermally efficient damper than R-value.
In specifying a thermally efficient damper, it’s imperative to evaluate the design of the airfoil blades, the blade seals, and the jamb seals to ensure a high overall damper efficiency rating.
By Rachel Larimore, Ruskin
Depending on the application, thermally efficient dampers can reduce energy costs significantly compared to standard dampers. Extrapolate that over a hundred dampers in a single building, and building owners can realize substantial savings per year vs. the use of less-efficient dampers.
Thermally efficient dampers are used in air openings of buildings to control and direct airflow. This function ensures proper operation of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems and minimizes potential heat loss to improve overall building efficiency.
In application, thermally efficient dampers can allow airflow between interior spaces but are primarily used in exterior outdoor openings. Given the wide range of applications, dampers can be designed to fit in openings as small as 6 x 6 in. or as large as 12 x 12 ft. and beyond using multi-section assemblies.
This type of damper can be applied in many different environments, but they are especially useful in extreme hot and cold ambient conditions. Damper models are available for ambient temperatures ranging from –70 F to 200 F.
In cold climates like Canada’s, for example, thermally efficient dampers help reduce heating costs. In southwest U.S. locales such as Arizona and California, they can help cut cooling costs. Typical applications vary from large area freezers in food-storage facilities to warehouses, laboratories, or any space requiring a steady temperature at all times. Applications can also include data centers, commercial buildings, and industrial or manufacturing facilities desiring tight temperature control.
Installing thermally efficient dampers typically involves flange mounting the damper into an outside-air opening. To improve thermal efficiency and lower the heat transfer, all sides of the damper’s extruded aluminum frame should be thermally broken in two locations. These breaks isolate each interior section against thermal conductivity.
Attachment to duct work is accomplished through a T-flange. Other flanges and damper actuators can be installed to meet the requirements of different openings. Various mounting configurations provide the flexibility needed to fit a wide range of needs. For example, thermally efficient dampers can be used in conjunction with dedicated outdoor air systems (DOAS) and air handling units (AHU) paired with airflow measuring devices to ensure a precise amount of air volume is being introduced into the system or space.
Measuring thermal performance
Precise operation and thermally efficient design is critical to damper performance, as air leakage is a critical component of the thermal-efficiency equation, combined with heat conduction. In winter, the damper blades need to form a very tight seal to keep the space warm and prevent cold air from entering an opening that may be used to admit outside air for ventilation during the summer. Better leakage prevention is one reason why some non-thermal dampers can outperform insulated thermal dampers that are labeled as thermally efficient.
A thermally efficient damper blade requires isolation between the warm and cold sides of a damper even if the blade is insulated. Look for a thermal break strategically placed between twin-blade edge seals.
R-value Method
There are several methods used to measure damper performance. In the past, an engineer might specify a damper based on an R-value, the same metric used to measure heat transfer through a building material such as insulation.
R-value is the measure of resistance to conductive heat flow through a material, which varies by the material’s properties, such as thickness. The higher the R-value, the better the material’s ability to resist heat transfer.
R-value ratings are determined by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA, astm.org) ASTM C 976-90 Standard Test Method for Thermal Performance of Building Assemblies by Means of a Calibrated Hot Box.
There are two major parts of the damper—the blades and the frame—where heat transfer through the material is of concern and where R-value is relevant. However, due to different materials and thicknesses used in damper construction, R-value is only one aspect to consider in determining overall thermal efficiency of the damper. In fact, damper manufacturers may use R-values differently depending on the performance of a single component. For example, an R-value may be promoted for the insulation used in a damper blade but does not account for the thermal efficiency of the other materials in the blade or the frame.
AMCA Methods
Because R-value tells only part of the story, other measurements have been developed by the Air Movement and Control Association (AMCA, Arlington Heights, IL, amca.org) to determine overall damper performance.
Two relevant AMCA standards are:
• AMCA Standard 511, Certified Ratings Program Product Rating Manual for Air Control Devices details procedures for participation in the AMCA Certified Ratings Program (CRP). Manufacturers having their products tested in an AMCA-accredited laboratory, with the test results verified by the AMCA staff and then having obtained the proper license from AMCA, can offer products bearing AMCA’s Certified Ratings Seal for Air Leakage.
AMCA 511 also introduces damper air leakage classes. The maximum allowable leakage rates defined by AMCA are shown in Chart 1.
One item to note is that air leakage, not light leakage, is the critical factor. It’s a common misperception that light leakage indicates damper blades are not tightly sealed. Damper seals can eliminate a path for airflow, but light may still find a transmission route.
• AMCA Standard 500-D-12, Laboratory Methods of Testing Dampers for Rating establishes uniform laboratory test methods for dampers including air leakage, pressure drop, dynamic closure, and operational torque. It also provides methods to calculate a damper’s thermal efficiency ratio (E), which is the energy lost by conduction of heat through the damper’s blades and frame. Thermal efficiency testing compares a complete AMCA standard reference damper assembly—including blades and jamb seals—with the damper being evaluated or specified. A damper with the same thermal efficiency ratio (E) as the reference damper would have an E of 0%. A damper that is three times as efficient as the reference damper would have an E of 300%.
Jamb seals should be made from silicone or similar durable and non-conductive material. Ruskin, for example, uses a proprietary material (Ruskiprene) that protects against condensation and heat transfer better than stainless steel.
Improve thermal efficiency
To maximize thermal efficiency, manufacturers enhance several key damper components. In specifying a thermally efficient damper, it’s imperative to evaluate the design of the airfoil blades, the blade seals, and the jamb seals to ensure a high overall damper efficiency rating.
• Blade insulation
In thermally insulated damper blades, the interior of an airfoil-shaped blade should be filled with high-density polyurethane foam. The foam is injected into the blade where it fills the cavity without gaps and extends down the edge. Polyurethane foam has an inherently high R-value and enables a very low heat transfer that contributes to a high thermal efficiency ratio (E).
• Blade seals
A bulb blade seal is particularly effective in helping block heat transfer through the blade seal. That’s because a bulb seal creates an air pocket, which is a thermal insulator in itself. As a result, a double-insulation effect is created from both the rubber blade material and the air block.
• Blade jamb seals
Jamb seals should be made from silicone or similar durable and non-conductive material. Ruskin Co. (Grandview, MO, ruskin.com), for example, uses a proprietary material (Ruskiprene) that protects against condensation and heat transfer better than stainless steel. Stainless-steel side seals are not ideal in cold-weather environments because steel readily conducts heat. Moreover, metallic surfaces allow condensate to form and travel. In contrast, Ruskiprene seals employ a fingerling pattern along the side of the blade to ensure tight compression. Ruskiprene and silicone also have the advantage in humid applications by preventing condensation from sliding through.
• Thermally broken blade
A thermally efficient damper blade requires isolation between the warm and cold sides of a damper even if the blade is insulated. Look for a thermal break strategically placed between twin-blade edge seals. Twin seals create a neutral zone to ensure there is no thermal path. These features eliminate thermal transfer and reduce condensation potential.
• Thermally broken frame
Just as with blades, a thermally broken frame isolates the high delta T sections across the damper to improve thermal performance. This is a feature to look for that further minimizes the transfer of cold or heat.
Although the design features above are crucial to improving overall thermal efficiency, it’s important to consider some additional factors that improve damper durability and thereby ensure thermal efficiency over the life of the damper.
To withstand more extreme environments, aluminum damper construction transfers less heat and provides superior corrosion resistance vs. steel to protect against pitting that can compromise sealing and service life. This is especially important in high-condensation environments, like pools, or high-corrosion environments and critical environments, such as spark-proof laboratories.
For application flexibility, components can be completely customized, including:
blade materials, jamb seals for corrosion resistance in a given temperature range
additional anodized finish for extra protection in corrosive or wet environments
Stainless-steel axles, bearings, and linkages in place of plated steel linkages.
The potential for increased energy savings makes it worthwhile to specify thermally efficient dampers. However, when evaluating damper choices, be sure to consider more than just the R-value. It’s important to look at the overall damper efficiency as well as the durability factors that ensure efficiency over a longer life span.
Rachel “Ray” Larimore works for Ruskin Co., Grandview, MO, as a sales application engineer and has a degree in nuclear engineering from the Missouri Univ. of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO.
— Find more information on the company’s thermally efficient dampers.
— Get information about TED50 dampers.
Flooring Impacts Evaluation At Children’s Hospital
Stadium Supports More Than The Team
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1997
|
__label__wiki
| 0.784796
| 0.784796
|
Government and directors urged to fill gap in social work practice advice on Mental Capacity Act
Practitioners lack place to go for answers to questions about interpreting legislation, social worker tells House of Lords
By Mithran Samuel on November 5, 2013 in Adults, Mental Capacity Act
Government and adults’ services directors should take a stronger practice lead on the Mental Capacity Act 2005 to fill a gap in advice for social workers on implementing the legislation, say senior practitioners.
The removal of national and regional MCA leads from the Department of Health in 2011 and the lack of practice networks in some regions meant many social workers had nowhere to go for answers to key questions on interpreting the legislation, the House of Lords committee on the MCA has been told.
The concerns were raised last month in evidence to the committee from Lorraine Currie, a social worker and Shropshire council’s commissioner for the MCA and the Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards, Terry Dafter, director of adult social care at Stockport council, and Paul Gantley, the DH’s former MCA implementation manager.
We have not really had anywere to look to answer the [key practice] questions.” Lorraine Currie, commissioner for MCA/Dols, Shropshire
Department of Health MCA leads removed “too soon”
Currie said that Gantley and the regional DH leads were removed from post “too soon. “We have not really had anywhere to look to answer the questions: what is the definitive interpretation of the legislation?; how do you actually want us to act in this situation; is it good to have lots of Dols requests or is it actually bad to have a lot of Dols requests…There is so much data, and yet we are missing that very central direction.”
Gantley told the committee his post and those of the other leads were removed because of “wider decisions about austerity cuts” not because of a judgement that their work was done. He said that they had left a legacy in the shape of local and regional MCA and Dols implementation networks but agreed that a “central focus” had been lost.
“For example, we finished in roughly March 2011, and in February 2011 we issued some guidance around the case law as it was at the time, but there has been no more guidance from central government about case law,” he added. “The resources that come from the centre now are much more around reporting and auditing.” He said practitioners had told him they missed analysis and guidance about applying the Act.
In earlier evidence to the committee, DH senior policy manager on adult safeguarding Claire Crawley said a “significant amount” of government resource went into implementing the MCA over five years. She added that the department was still involved in supporting implementation, for example by commissioning the Social Care Institute for Excellence to develop MCA practice guides and support care homes to apply the legislation.
Good practice in action
Currie said in Shropshire an audit of MCA practice a few years ago had enabled the council to adapt its training for social workers and give them clearer guidance on what was expected of them. She added that in the West Midlands, where she is chair of the Dols leads group, work had been done to share practice and analyse the reasons for variations in Dols caseloads between councils. She said this work could be shared regionally and nationally.
However, Dafter, until recently the joint chair of the Association of Directors of Adult Social Services’ mental health network, admitted practice networks were stronger in some regions than others, and there had been a lack of sharing across regions by Adass.
“The network is strong in the West Midlands, and it is pretty strong in the North West; it is not as strong in some other parts of the country. Adass needs to, and will as a result of this, encourage much more networking and encourage other networks across the country to begin to act and reflect in a similar way.” He said that there was currently a lack of nationally available good practice and that Adass needed to take more of a lead in identifying and sharing this.
CQC’s concerns about local authorities’ Dols practice
In a separate evidence session, the committee heard that the Care Quality Commission had written to a number of local authorities raising concerns about their role as “supervisory bodies” under the Dols. In this capacity, councils must decide whether to authorise applications from care homes or hospitals to deprive a person of their liberty, on the basis of six assessments.
Though the CQC no longer inspects councils’ adults social services functions, it has a role in monitoring implementation of the MCA and Dols, primarily through its regulation of care homes and hospitals.
“Where we have identified that we feel supervisory bodies have not been discharging those responsibilities, we have written to those authorities and asked them to review how they are taking forward those supervisory responsibilities,” said chief executive David Behan. He said that where the CQC had written to councils with concerns, it had conducted further inspections of care homes and hospitals in the relevant area to check whether improvements had been made by the authority concerned.
Last year, the CQC started inviting councils to submit assessments of their work as supervisory bodies to inform the regulator’s monitoring of MCA and Dols practice, obtaining evidence from 13 authorities, just under 10% of the total. In its latest annual report on the MCA and Dols, published in March, the regulator said it wanted to further develop its scrutiny of supervisory bodies but warned this would “depend to a significant extend on the willingness of local authorities to collaborate with CQC”.
The House of Lords committee is conducting an inquiry into the impact of the MCA and Dols, since their implementation in 2007 and 2009 respectively. It held its latest evidence session today, when it heard from Sheila Scott and Nadra Ahmed, the chief executive and chair, respectively, of provider representative body the National Care Association. The committee is due to report early next year.
Improve your MCA and Dols practice
Community Care is holding a conference on implementing the MCA and Dols on 19 March 2014 in London. Book your place now for case law and research analysis, practice advice and the chance to network with your peers.
Rise in emergency mental health hospital admissions
Social workers believe Frontline will have negative impact on practice
One Response to Government and directors urged to fill gap in social work practice advice on Mental Capacity Act
peter rickett November 6, 2013 at 8:56 pm #
It does not matter which service you are committed to, this government is set to privatise the service. Public money to private pockets.
We are all over worked and this will get worse.
Unqualified workers having to take responsibility for child protection . The way round this is that a qualified worker is the named worker and the unqualified worker has the responsibility for the workload.
Emotional pressure to compare your workload with the workload of your colleague. More working in your own time. More bullying tactics to make you feel responsible for your team problems.
If you are sick then back to work interviews focusing on the effect of your illness on the team.
The reduction in the social workers hard fought for benefits.
Reductions in the pay structure to meet cuts by central government.
Preference for newly qualified workers as they are cheaper than experienced social workers.
Watch out for the scrapping of final salary pensions.
We are our own worst enemy. Social workers are just accepting the changes because they think they are “OK” or “lucky” to be in a job. The accept or fall for the rhetoric of the Cameron Clegg millionaire propergander.
Don’t be fooled many more reductions are coming.
If we don’t fight these changes and attacks on our benefits we will just be surfs.
don’t underestimate the power of concentrated opposition.
Social workers need to “think the unthinkable” and challenge / fight the constant pressures and increased workloads forced on them.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line1999
|
__label__wiki
| 0.641411
| 0.641411
|
"The Last Goodbye" and "Elegy / Words Unsaid"
by Ken Dixon
(Deltona, Florida USA)
I submit these two for your consideration. I wrote and recorded them using the name "Clay Reston".
https://soundcloud.com/clay-reston/the-last-goodbye
https://soundcloud.com/clay-reston/elegy-words-unsaid
Comments for "The Last Goodbye" and "Elegy / Words Unsaid"
Elegy/Words Unsaid
by: Ken Dixon
I'm very sorry for your loss.
Thank you for taking the time to comment.
I was looking for music to play during calling hours for my sister's Memorial Service. The words from this song touched me deeply, especially since she died unexpectedly. Thank you for writing it.
I also like "The Last Goodbye" song.
There is a video of "Elegy / Words Unsaid" here:
Join in and write your own page! It's easy to do. How? Simply click here to return to Funeral Songs.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line2009
|
__label__cc
| 0.710716
| 0.289284
|
Companies History – The biggest companies in the world
Z – A
Category: Household/Personal Care
Sort: Title | Date | Views | Random | Likes TitleDateViewsRandomLikes Sort Ascending
chcom 5 years ago
0 Views0 Likes
Oriflame history, profile and history video "Oriflame in brief Founded in 1967 by two brothers and their friend, Oriflame is now an international beauty company selling direct in more than 60 countries worldwide. It...
OLAY history and history video "History of Olay Olay is a product truly born from love, as it was created by a man as a gift for his wife. In the 1950s, chemist Graham Wulff saw his wife Dinah’s frustration with the...
Mattel, Inc. history, profile and history video Mattel, Inc. designs, manufactures and markets a broad variety of toy products. The company's portfolio of brands and products includes Mattel Girls & Boys Brands, ...
Mary Kay history, profile and history video Founded in 1963 by Mary Kay Ash as "Beauty by Mary Kay," Mary Kay is now one of the largest direct sellers of skin care and color cosmetics. The company also manufactures a...
Makita Corp. history, profile and history video Makita Corp. engages in production and sale of electric power tools, stationary woodworking machines, air tools, garden tools, and household tools. Its product category...
LEGO history, profile and history video "The name 'LEGO' is an abbreviation of the two Danish words "leg godt", meaning "play well". It’s our name and it’s our ideal. The LEGO Group was founded in 1932 by Ole Kirk K...
Lancome history, profile and history video Lancome is a French luxury cosmetics house that has been owned by L'Oreal since 1964. Its products include: Tresor Eau de Parfum, Juicy Tubes, Bi-Facil Eye Makeup Remover an...
L’Oréal Group
L'Oréal SA history, profile and corporate video L'Oréal SA engages in the manufacture and sale of beauty and hair products. It operates through the following segments: Professional Products, Consumer Products, L'Oréa...
Kimberly-Clark de Mexico
Kimberly-Clark de México SAB de CV profile and history video Kimberly-Clark de México SAB de CV engages in the manufacture and commercialization of disposable products for daily consumer use. It operates through the ...
Kimberly-Clark Corp. history, profile and corporate video Kimberly-Clark Corp. engages in the manufacturing of paper based products and providing cleaning solutions. The company operates through four segments: Person...
Aerospace & Defense (20)
Air Courier (3)
Apparel/Accessories (21)
Apparel/Footwear Retail (8)
Auto & Truck Manufacturers (65)
Auto & Truck Parts (26)
Biotechs (8)
Broadcasting & Cable (16)
Business & Personal Services (35)
Business Products & Supplies (7)
Casinos & Gaming (3)
Computer & Electronics Retail (1)
Computer Services (21)
Computer Storage Devices (4)
Conglomerates (30)
Construction Materials (19)
Construction Services (40)
Consumer Financial Services (7)
Containers & Packaging (6)
Discount Stores (6)
Diversified Chemicals (24)
Diversified Insurance (25)
Diversified Metals & Mining (22)
Diversified Utilities (6)
Drug Retail (2)
Electric Utilities (39)
Electrical Equipment (12)
Environmental & Waste (2)
Food Processing (45)
Food Retail (24)
Furniture & Fixtures (4)
Healthcare Services (14)
Home Improvement Retail (4)
Hotels & Motels (9)
Household Appliances (5)
Household/Personal Care (30)
Insurance Brokers (4)
Internet & Catalog Retail (4)
Investment Services (29)
Iron & Steel (14)
Life & Health Insurance (13)
Major Banks (35)
Managed Health Care (5)
Medical Equipment & Supplies (16)
Natural Gas Utilities (8)
Oil & Gas Operations (51)
Oil Services & Equipment (16)
Other Industrial Equipment (22)
Other Transportation (19)
Paper & Paper Products (7)
Precision Healthcare Equipment (4)
Printing & Publishing (8)
Property & Casualty Insurance (8)
Recreational Products (6)
Regional Banks (48)
Rental & Leasing (3)
Security Systems (4)
Software & Programming (18)
Specialized Chemicals (22)
Specialty Stores (21)
Telecommunications services (34)
Trading Companies (9)
CompaniesHistory.com gathers and offers History and Presentation/Corporate Videos from the biggest and most successful companies in the world(Top Forbes, Fortune 500 and The World’s Most Powerful Brands).
We are looking forward to receiving your comments and suggestions. Also, if you represent a big company and you want to list it on our website, please get in touch with us using one of the methods listed below.
Follow us on YoutTube
Copyright 2019 © Companies History - The biggest companies in the world All rights reserved.
Powered by Dektel Solutions
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line2017
|
__label__cc
| 0.599689
| 0.400311
|
Why Marketers Should Pay Close Attention to Google's New Twitter Integration
With over 970 million registered accounts, Twitter is a trove of marketing treasures for companies today. For instance, a recent survey conducted by global research firm Market Probe International found that:
72 percent of Twitter followers are more likely than non-followers to make a purchase from a company
86 percent are more likely to engage with a company if a friend recommends them
Companies encounter an average 30 percent increase in recommendations from followers after following or interacting with another company on Twitter
85 percent of customers feel more connected to a company after following them
Companies should be clearly marketing themselves using Twitter. According to 2014 research from Fortune Magazine, 83 percent of Fortune 500 companies have corporate Twitter accounts and actively tweet; however, if your organization is not part of that majority, Google’s newest partnership with Twitter should pique your curiosity.
The two companies have partnered together so that Google can now index tweets in real-time and make them visible in Google search results, with tweets available in results as soon as they are posted.
News of the partnership first emerged back in February, with reports indicating that the new real-time indexing capability would roll out within the first half of this year. The reason why marketers should be paying close attention to this new integration is simple: they can get more eyeballs on the custom content they create to bolster brand awareness, drive profits and establish thought leadership. However, this integration places more emphasis than ever on the content creation’s Holy Grail: quality, quality, quality. Here’s why:
Linking will be a critical influencer: Industry experts anticipate that Google will prioritize tweets in search results based on how often the content is linked within the social posts. In other words, if your content is linked within a ton of tweets, it will likely be indexed. The only way to drive followers to link your content within their tweets is to make it the highest quality possible; the content should be completely original, thought provoking and should contain premium value add.
A shift from “authoritative” accounts to quality accounts: In a recent interview with WebProNews, Search Marketer Eric Enge illustrated how this new integration will likely work for businesses looking to better market themselves on the social media platform. Enge explained that Google currently prioritizes “authoritative” accounts; after analyzing more than 130,000 tweets only 7.4 percent of them were actually indexed, meaning Twitter accounts with larger followers typically got more tweets indexed. This game of numbers is likely to change with this new integration, however, as Google will give priority to tweets that contain the most valuable content.
Google’s new Twitter integration calls for marketers to produce even higher quality content that is both shareable and engaging; so...are you ready for Google’s new Twitter integration?
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line2020
|
__label__wiki
| 0.940109
| 0.940109
|
Former Saydel music boosters treasurer reported her own embezzlement, audit shows
Denice Grove, Saydel school's former Music Boosters treasurer, tried to arrange repayment "in excess" of $15,000 prior to state audit
Former Saydel music boosters treasurer reported her own embezzlement, audit shows Denice Grove, Saydel school's former Music Boosters treasurer, tried to arrange repayment "in excess" of $15,000 prior to state audit Check out this story on desmoinesregister.com: https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/2019/06/25/iowa-saydel-schools-former-music-boosters-treasurer-admits-embezzlement/1561237001/
Jason Clayworth, Des Moines Register Published 1:56 p.m. CT June 25, 2019 | Updated 4:58 p.m. CT June 25, 2019
A former Saydel schools music club treasurer contacted school officials through an attorney, admitted financial wrongdoing and offered to arrange repayment “in excess” of $15,000, an investigative state audit released Tuesday shows.
An unnamed attorney for Denice Grove, the former Saydel Music Boosters treasurer, reached out to the district shortly after she was asked in April 2018 to make the group’s records available following the election of a new treasurer, according to a report released Tuesday by State Auditor Rob Sand.
Grove had worked as the treasurer since September 2014.
The group provides support for music programs to the Polk County school district, collecting money from fundraisers or donations.
Grove failed to deposit $12,625 and inappropriately spent $7,260 of the group’s money, and another $1,486 in expenses did not have documentation to support them as legitimate group expenses, the audit found.
The audit does not indicate whether Grove has made any repayment since admitting wrongdoing more than a year ago. Efforts to reach Grove on Tuesday were unsuccessful.
Online court records Tuesday do not indicate Grove has been arrested in connection to the audit findings.
We've been the news Iowa depends upon since 1849. Help us continue our mission.
Todd Martin, Saydel's superintendent, issued a statement Tuesday that said the booster club is a separate legal entity from the district and keeps separate financial records. The district and the club nonetheless work closely together, he said.
"The district has reviewed the findings and recommendations of the state auditor and will be working with the Saydel Music Boosters Club to correct the matter," Martin said.
Read or Share this story: https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/2019/06/25/iowa-saydel-schools-former-music-boosters-treasurer-admits-embezzlement/1561237001/
Officer-involved shooting leaves driver critically injured
Grassley, Ernst address hundreds of Iowa soldiers at D.M. sendoff
Auditor: Chamber worker misspent at least $200K
Officials searching for man who fell into Cedar River
Have you seen this 18-year-old missing woman?
Man's remains found in pond at Iowa campground
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line2022
|
__label__wiki
| 0.96884
| 0.96884
|
Upskirting should be a criminal offence after nine cases in Devon area, say campaigners
The mother of one victim said: “I have cried endless tears for my daughter”
Neil ShawHead of Digital, live and trending for PlymouthLive, DevonLive and CornwallLive
Campaigners are calling for a new offence to be created after nine cases of people taking pictures up the skirts of women and children in the Devon area.
There have been 11 charges related to upskirting in England and Wales since 2015, reports the BBC, and just 15 of 44 forces hold records on the crime.
Police will charge people taking pictures up women's skirts with alternative offences.
Devon and Cornwall Police recorded 11 such offences between 2015 and 2017 - including one of a childbeing targeted.
Sarah Green, from the End Violence Against Women coalition, told the BBC the police figures are "very concerning".
Exeter sex predator jailed for 18 years for 'repellent' attacks on girl
She said: "The police responses show that the police are clearly struggling to recognise upskirting distinctly, even though the disclosures reveal that it is commonly connected to existing sexual offences including voyeurism and sexual assault."
Devon and Cornwall Police is yet to comment.
In 2016 a former policeman was caught with 22,000 indecent images of children – most of them secretly taken up the skirts of girls.
RAF veteran Darryl Clarke, aged 44, used his mobile phone to take photographs of children in Drake Circus, Plymouth, and other unknown public places for 12 years.
Clarke sexually assaulted one three-year-old girl in a house in order to get one vile film, Plymouth Crown Court heard.
Police found so many indecent images of children on his computer and phones that they gave up formally classifying them.
Sex pest asked man to beat him up instead of calling police after assaulting woman
He has been formally charged with possessing 4,000 pictures – but detectives have found an additional 18,000 vile images taken since 2003.
Some were taken while he was serving as a police officer in the Devon and Cornwall force around 2004. He spent 18 months in the constabulary.
Officers have no way of knowing who most of his victims were or where the pictures were taken.
One image shows him shooting up the skirt of a young girl riding in a shopping trolley in Asda.
Jailing him for four years, Judge Ian Lawrie said: “You have a perverted obsession. You are a danger to young women.
“You are a coward for failing to tackle your problems before now.”
Engineer Clarke had only lived in Plymouth since the break-up of his marriage in November 2013, about 18 months before he was finally caught by security guards in Drake Circus.
Clarke also served in the RAF for 13 years.
Man's sentence 'will be measured in years' after sex attacks on children and men
He was jailed for four years as an extended sentence, which mean he will not be released at the normal half-way stage.
Clarke can only be released two-thirds of the way through the term – and only then if the parole board rule he is no longer a danger to the public. He will remain on licence for another six years.
Clarke, of Revel Road, Higher Compton, admitted sexually assaulting a girl in another part of the country in September 2013.
He also pleaded guilty to two counts of taking indecent images of children and one of possessing indecent images of Class C, the lowest category, between 2003 and 2015.
Clarke also admitted outraging public decency by filming up the skirts of adult women in Drake Circus last April.
He finally pleaded guilty to voyeurism by secretly videoing two girls aged 11 and 13 emerging naked from a shower in 2012.
Edward Bailey, for the Crown Prosecution Service, said Clarke was spotted on CCTV filming up the skirts of girls aged between 10 and 12 in Primark in Drake Circus on April 4 last year.
Former soldier and deep sea diver jailed for child sex attacks
Clarke slipped away but store detectives alerted colleagues in Waterstone’s.
Mr Bailey added that they watched as he used his mobile phone to try and film up the skirts of girls aged three and seven – holding the device behind a book.
He said: “He approached a girl of 15 and did exactly the same.”
Police officers arrested Clarke and seized three mobile phones, containing initially about 100 indecent images of children.
But Mr Bailey said detectives found more and more images and traced some of the victims in another part of the country.
He added Clarke had pulled down the underwear of a three-year-old girl in a bed in order to film her indecently for as long as 17 seconds. That constituted the sexual assault.
Mr Bailey said that he also left a mobile phone filming in a bedroom used by two girls so as to capture them emerging naked from a shower.
He added that Clarke was briefly in the Devon and Cornwall force as a police officer and latterly worked as an engineer based in Reading planning routes for 4G cables.
Former PE teacher jailed for teenage girl sex assaults
Mr Bailey said he at one stage told police officers he was only interested in women “from the waist up”.
The court heard he had no previous convictions.
Kevin Hopper, for Clarke, said the sexual assault was to satisfy his fixation to record the image.
He added that he told police officers that he had found a thrill in taking risks by his brazen behaviour in taking the images.
Mr Hopper said: “He is a proud man, deeply embarrassed by what he has done. In him, there is a profound shame in what he has done. He has never shied away from his guilt.”
Judge Lawrie also passed an indefinite Sexual Harm Prevention Order limiting his contact with children. He will also sign the Sex Offender Register for life.
Locked up in Devon in January 2018
VICTIM'S MOTHER: 'I CRY ENDLESS TEARS'
THE DISGUSTED mother of the child who was sexually assaulted by Clarke said: “I have cried endless tears for my daughter”.
She added in a statement read to the court that part of the three-year-old’s life had been “stolen”.
The woman, who cannot be named, said she had found it hard to think of anything else since police told her what had happened.
The mother was forced to identify her daughter in the picture – she was shown first the face but chose to see the whole image. That gave detectives more important information.
The mother said: “Around the time of this incident, she started to wet the bed. We shall never know whether this was a result of what happened. All I ever wanted to do was to keep my child safe, happy and loved. I feel that part of my life has been stolen.
“I still cannot understand nor comprehend why he has done this and why he has acted in this way. No mother should have to tell her daughter that she has been abused.
“Should I tell my daughter? Will she find out from another source?”
Ex-husband of jailed nursery paedophile Vanessa George says: "I'd jump for joy if she killed herself"
She said that only time would tell whether her daughter would suffer any long-term trauma.
The mother said she felt Clarke was “manipulative and calculating”.
She added that she felt “disconnected” from some of her friends and family and felt “judged” by them for failing to keep her children safe.
She added: “I feel so angry with him. I feel sickened every time I think about him and what he has done.”
Judge Lawrie said the statement was “passionate and heartfelt” and ordered that it be served on Clarke in his prison cell.
EX-WIFE: 'COMPLETE AND UTTER SHOCK'
CLARKE’s brave ex-wife said after the case: “I feel like I was married to someone I did not know.”
She travelled to Plymouth with friends and relatives to see her ex-husband locked up for four years – though he will only be released until he is no longer deemed a threat.
The woman, who did not want to be named, welcomed the sentence.
She said: “He deserves this for what he has done. I feel like I am a victim too.”
The ex-wife, who met Clarke in 2010, said she had no idea anything was wrong until police knocked on her door last May.
Former Exeter firefighter admits sex assault on teenager
It was weeks after security guards had caught him red-handed hundreds of miles away in Drake Circus.
She said: “It came as a complete and utter shock. I feel sick. Words cannot describe what I feel about him. Time cannot heal what he has done to us.”
The ex-wife said she was only glad she split with him late in 2013, unaware of his dark secret.
She added that Clarke had been bullying her 15-year-old son and he came back to Plymouth.
The woman added: “The police have been amazing.”
She especially praised DC Luke Minett, the officer in the case, for keeping in touch.
POLICE: 'TOO MANY IMAGES TO COUNT'
POLICE could not classify all the vile images of children they found in Clarke’s possession, the officer in the case said.
DC Luke Minett said specialists typically take a random selection of 2,000 images at a time and categorise them according to their seriousness.
He added that officers stopped at two ‘dips’, adding up to 4,000 images, before they stopped.
But there were a further 18,000 Class C photographs discovered.
Charity worker jailed after trying to buy abused boy's silence for £1
He praised the bravery of the victim’s families for supporting the work of the police.
DC Minett said the mother of the three-year-old was forced to identify her daughter’s face, with the rest of the vile image obscured.
But the mum looked at the whole picture and recognised the clothing – which enabled police to pinpoint the occasion of the sexual assault.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line2023
|
__label__wiki
| 0.994818
| 0.994818
|
Mavor: 'Skins inspires teenage rebellion'
Actress Freya Mavor suggests that E4's Skins can inspire teenagers to rebel.
By Morgan Jeffery
Skins star Freya Mavor has claimed that the show can inspire teenagers to act rebelliously.
The actress plays Mini in the new series of the E4 drama, which begins on January 27.
Discussing the show's first run in 2007, she explained to What's On TV: "I was living in France and I was really badly behaved back then. I was leaving the house without my parents knowing, throwing parties and stuff like that when I was really, really young."
She added: "It's an inspiration almost, Skins, to act rebelliously as a teenager."
Mavor went on to suggest that the show is "shocking" but is simply "documenting a teenager's life".
"16-year-olds do take drugs and have sex and there's no point covering that up," she argued. "It's very risqué, but that's what makes it work."
She concluded: "I think if you were to follow a teenager around with a camera, [then] you'd find out so much more about them than when they're just with their mates. Even your friends don't know half about you."
> Skins star 'loved working with Brook'
More From Skins
Skins star replaces Emma Roberts in Netflix show
9 sexiest British TV shows we can't believe happened
Skins: Who's had the best post-show career?
Dev Patel says Skins co-star was a huge inspiration
The origin of Skins, in the words of those who made it
Whatever happened to the Skins movie?
Skins' Katie Fitch has transformed into a bodybuilder
Skins star doesn't think it will ever come back
Is Skins coming back?! E4 speaks out on Twitter rumours
Here's 7 facts you'll love if you're a Skins fan
Chris Addison: 'Skins is for teenagers'
'Skins': Freya Mavor previews 'Mini'
Freya Mavor ('Skins')
Ten teasers about Mini's 'Skins'!
An extra chat with Mini from 'Skins'
'Skins' Freya Mavor on 'Mini and Franky'
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line2026
|
__label__wiki
| 0.769313
| 0.769313
|
sport, local-sport, landmark, country, football, championships
Jaydon Cullen’s last-gasp goal saw the Peel Cavaliers colts seal a massive comeback victory over the Northern Suns at Mandurah’s Bendigo Bank Stadium on Saturday morning. While the game was somewhat of a formality with the two sides battling it out for third place, it didn’t lack for entertainment or flare as Peel overcame a 32-point deficit at three quarter time to post a remarkable 8.11 (59) to 9.3 (57) win over the Suns. Cullen was the hero in the final minutes, as the South Mandurah boy capped off Peel’s dash at Northern’s lead by converting a set shot to put his team in front for the first time in the match with less than two minutes on the clock. The Suns tried to make a last-minute dash for a goal to steal the game back but Rockingham’s Zayne Selkirk and Pinjarra’s Craig Milward took some outstanding contested marks to help wind the time off the clock. But the four quarters was by no means peachy for the Peel boys, as they found themselves staring down the barrel of a belting after coughing up the first six goals of the day. Kristerfer Ryder gave the Suns two first-quarter goals and another to Michael Wright helped them to a 20-point lead by quarter time. They bagged the next three early in the second and all of a sudden Peel was in the middle of a drubbing, having posted a sole point and trailing the Suns by 37. But Mandurah’s Matthew Bennell – who starred with three crucial goals on the day – managed to sneak one in just before half time to give his side something going into the long break. Their momentum didn’t last though, with the Suns escaping to a 34-point advantage midway through the third, and the game looked done and dusted when Chilton Yarran put them up 40 in the dying stages of the penultimate quarter. But again it was Bennell, finding a way to will his side back from the brink with another late goal cutting the margin to 32 before the final break. Peel still didn’t look a chance heading into the final term, but they finally found the rhythm they’d been searching for over the past three days of footy. Inspired by the likes of Tyler Glands and James Fenton, the Cavaliers mustered all they had with Bennell, Zac Moody and Jaxon Standing all bagging critical goals to cut the lead to just four points with roughly two minutes on the clock. Then it was Cullen’s turn, and he made the most of the opportunity putting it through the middle of the sticks as Peel claimed a win in the battle for third spot. Bennell, Fenton and Moody were all named all-stars. Goals Peel Cavaliers M. Bennell 3, J. Cullen, J. Standing, Z. Moody Northern Suns K. Ryder 3, C. Yarran 2, R. Poultney, M. Wright, L. Galby, T. Kenny Best Peel Cavaliers J. Cullen, T. Glands, J. Fenton, M. Bennell, Z. Moody Northern Suns T. Kenny, O. McClelland, J. Stacey, M. Wright, T. Collins
https://nnimgt-a.akamaihd.net/transform/v1/crop/frm/sAKr2tVJ8yHsaeVb7ESJD9/5e42bf09-9f3c-4021-98e8-f997bc4ae190.jpg/r0_74_3456_2027_w1200_h678_fmax.jpg
Landmark Country Football Championships: Cullen’s kick gives Peel colts win over Suns in battle for third
Justin Rake
Landmark Country Football Championships: Cullen’s kick completes Peel’s miraculous comeback win over Suns
Landmark Country Football Championships colts: Peel v Northern Suns
Photos: Justin Rake.
Jaydon Cullen’s last-gasp goal saw the Peel Cavaliers colts seal a massive comeback victory over the Northern Suns at Mandurah’s Bendigo Bank Stadium on Saturday morning.
While the game was somewhat of a formality with the two sides battling it out for third place, it didn’t lack for entertainment or flare as Peel overcame a 32-point deficit at three quarter time to post a remarkable 8.11 (59) to 9.3 (57) win over the Suns.
Cullen was the hero in the final minutes, as the South Mandurah boy capped off Peel’s dash at Northern’s lead by converting a set shot to put his team in front for the first time in the match with less than two minutes on the clock.
James Fenton was one of the standouts for the Peel Cavaliers. Photo: Justin Rake.
The Suns tried to make a last-minute dash for a goal to steal the game back but Rockingham’s Zayne Selkirk and Pinjarra’s Craig Milward took some outstanding contested marks to help wind the time off the clock.
But the four quarters was by no means peachy for the Peel boys, as they found themselves staring down the barrel of a belting after coughing up the first six goals of the day.
Kristerfer Ryder gave the Suns two first-quarter goals and another to Michael Wright helped them to a 20-point lead by quarter time.
They bagged the next three early in the second and all of a sudden Peel was in the middle of a drubbing, having posted a sole point and trailing the Suns by 37.
But Mandurah’s Matthew Bennell – who starred with three crucial goals on the day – managed to sneak one in just before half time to give his side something going into the long break.
Their momentum didn’t last though, with the Suns escaping to a 34-point advantage midway through the third, and the game looked done and dusted when Chilton Yarran put them up 40 in the dying stages of the penultimate quarter.
But again it was Bennell, finding a way to will his side back from the brink with another late goal cutting the margin to 32 before the final break.
Jaydon Cullen kicked the winning goal for the Peel Cavaliers. Photo: Justin Rake.
Peel still didn’t look a chance heading into the final term, but they finally found the rhythm they’d been searching for over the past three days of footy.
Inspired by the likes of Tyler Glands and James Fenton, the Cavaliers mustered all they had with Bennell, Zac Moody and Jaxon Standing all bagging critical goals to cut the lead to just four points with roughly two minutes on the clock.
Then it was Cullen’s turn, and he made the most of the opportunity putting it through the middle of the sticks as Peel claimed a win in the battle for third spot.
Bennell, Fenton and Moody were all named all-stars.
Peel Cavaliers
M. Bennell 3, J. Cullen, J. Standing, Z. Moody
Northern Suns
K. Ryder 3, C. Yarran 2, R. Poultney, M. Wright, L. Galby, T. Kenny
J. Cullen, T. Glands, J. Fenton, M. Bennell, Z. Moody
T. Kenny, O. McClelland, J. Stacey, M. Wright, T. Collins
This story Landmark Country Football Championships: Cullen’s kick completes Peel’s miraculous comeback win over Suns first appeared on Mandurah Mail.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line2030
|
__label__wiki
| 0.738905
| 0.738905
|
Brooke Vincent looks pensive ahead of first performance on Dancing on Ice... after revealing she has dropped a stone in just 12 weeks by ditching junk food and cigarettes
By Roxy Simons For Mailonline
Published: 10:33 EDT, 9 January 2018 | Updated: 20:25 EDT, 9 January 2018
She recently embarked on a new health and fitness regime, in preparation for her exciting appearance on ITV's Dancing On Ice.
But Brooke Vincent looked somewhat nervous as she headed home from rehearsals on Tuesday, just five days before her first performance on the show.
The 25-year-old cut a pensive figure as she left the rink in tight-fitting sports gear - having recently revealed she dropped a stone in just 12 weeks, after overhauling her lifestyle for the reality show.
Lots to think about: Brooke Vincent looked pensive ahead of this weekend's Dancing on Ice... after giving up smoking and junk food to drop a STONE in just 12 weeks
She opted for a comfy yet convenient look in a loose sports top and leggings - which drew attention to her newly slim and toned figure.
Carrying several notebooks in her arms and going make-up free, Brooke proved to be taking practice very seriously as she headed home from rehearsal.
Dancing on Ice: 'Will you hold my buns?' Cheeky Holly... 'Sex on legs!': Holly Willoughby shows off her incredibly... Dancing On Ice star Candice Brown dismisses claims she... Dancing on Ice: From Bake Off to skate-off: Cake queen...
Donna Air left devestated after her car is broken into and...
Her hair was slicked back into a tight bun, after an undoubtedly tiring day of rehearsal, and she slung a purple and green bag over her right shoulder, in a glamorous splash of colour.
However, her preparation for the dancing programme didn't stop her from going to work, as she was seen leaving Key 103 Studio after co-hosting the breakfast show in Manchester on Tuesday.
Making a change: The 25-year-old stepped out of the studios on Monday after recently revealing the results of her lifestyle change by sharing an impressive shot on Instagram
Write here waiting: Brooke's notebook was close at hand once again
Stepping out: She stepped out in a large grey hoodie which perfectly contrasted her skin-tight burgundy leggings
Brooke's notebook was close at hand once again, as she stepped out in a large grey hoodie which perfectly contrasted her skin-tight burgundy leggings - clearly preparing for another day at the rink.
She completed the outfit with grey leopard print Nike trainers, which had electric pink highlights.
On Monday, the reality star proudly displayed her newly-toned frame on Instagram - where she revealed to followers that she had dropped a stone in just 12 weeks, after giving up smoking and junk food.
Ice to see you: Preparing for another day at the rink, she completed the outfit with grey leopard print Nike trainers, which had electric pink highlights
Keeping warm: She wrapped up in an oversized beige hoodie
Mane attraction: She covered her mane with a stone-coloured baseball cap
Brooke was the picture of confidence in the image taken after her transformation, which saw her playfully point down to her lean physique.
Clad in just the sports bra and gym leggings, the brunette left her enviably toned stomach and tiny waist on show, as she beamed with pride for the camera.
Sharing the image beside one taken twelve weeks ago, the impressive difference was clear for followers to see - with Brooke owing the transformation to a newly gruelling fitness regime.
Toned: The reality star proudly displayed her newly-toned frame on her Instagram post on Monday, where she revealed to followers that she had dropped a stone in just 12 weeks
Transformed: Clad in just the sports bra and gym leggings, the brunette left her enviably toned stomach and tiny waist on show, as she beamed with pride for the camera
Having completely overhauled her lifestyle, she wrote in the caption: 'This picture is no way the finished product. It's just what happens when you cut out all of the rubbish you eat.'
She then confessed that giving up cigarettes had been the biggest life-changer, adding: 'I'm not going to lie I've not been perfect, but taking out my smoking was the biggest health improvement I could have done.
'I never thought I would able to give up, I really NEEDED something to turn to. And now that I've actually completed it, I'm so proud of myself.
'I never thought I would be able to give up': She admitted giving up cigarettes had been the biggest life-changer, and that she is 'so proud of herself' for ditching them (pictured in 2010)
'Mainly from the smoking aspect, but more so because I never thought I was strong enough to take something so seriously and stick it out... This is my 12 week transformation.'
She went on to reveal she had shed a stone in just three months, and was able to fit into a dress she bought at the age of 19.
While she oozed confidence in the photo, she also addressed the negative affect of social media on young women - and urged her followers not to believe everything they see online.
Leading lady: The actress revealed her plans to slim down after she was confirmed for the 2018 Dancing On Ice line-up late last year (above)
She said: 'Honestly why put an unflattering/'FAT' picture of yourself up?.. You don't need to because 'social media' is the place where everybody makes everybody makes out everything is so perfect.
'It's in the comfort of having filters,effects, airbrushing tools that somehow we feel most at home, about showing everybody what we look like, when in reality it's much different..'
Before wrapping up her lengthy speech by writing: 'Girls... don't be so hard on yourself.. because even the girls in the magazines don't look like the girls in the magazines...'
The actress revealed her plans to slim down after she was confirmed for the 2018 Dancing On Ice line-up late last year.
Big debut: Brooke will perform for the judges for the first time with partner Matej Silecky this coming weekend (pictured in rehearsal with fellow contestant Perri Shakes-Drayton)
Brooke appeared in a group dance during the launch show on Sunday night, but will perform for the judges for the first time with partner Matej Silecky this coming weekend.
Appearing on Loose Women last week, the beauty confessed she was incredibly nervous for her first go on the ice - despite weeks of gruelling training sessions.
She said: 'I left home yesterday to travel down and my boyfriend dropped me to the station. I was like, 'Please don't let them take me! Say I'm poorly!'
'Anything can happen [during the show]. I don't know what's gonna happen... I could fall over. As I said before, I don't know I'm falling until I've fallen.'
'Anything could happen... I could fall over': Appearing on Loose Women, the beauty confessed she was incredibly nervous for her first go on the ice - despite weeks of gruelling training sessions
Brooke Vincent pensive ahead of weekend's Dancing on Ice
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line2033
|
__label__wiki
| 0.933106
| 0.933106
|
Memorial service for kidnap victim Christina Morris set for Saturday in Allen
Filed under Allen at Apr 2018
Valerie Wigglesworth, Staff Writer
Connect with Valerie Wigglesworth
Updated at 11:15 a.m.: Includes burial and memorial fund information.
A memorial service is planned Saturday for kidnap victim Christina Morris, whose remains were found in Anna last month, over three years after she went missing.
A Facebook post Monday night from family and friends states: "This will be a celebration of Christina's life, and we want you, the public and friends and family that have been with us every step of the way, to join us, if you can't be there physically, we know in our hearts you are in Pray and Spirit."
Christina Morris
The service is set for 11 a.m. Saturday at First Baptist Church, 201 E. McDermott Drive in Allen.
Morris, 23, was last seen on surveillance video entering a parking garage at The Shops at Legacy in Plano just before 4 a.m. Aug. 30, 2014. She had been out partying with friends at the start of the Labor Day weekend.
Acquaintance Enrique Arochi walked with Morris to her car, but the vehicle was still in the garage three days later when her family reported her missing.
Arochi was arrested in December 2014 after DNA results confirmed Morris' DNA was found in several spots in the trunk of his car. He was convicted in September 2016 of aggravated kidnapping and sentenced to life in prison.
Arochi's conviction is on appeal.
Family and friends spent countless hours searching for Morris. On March 8, a crew hired to clear brush found her skeletal remains in a field off Taylor Boulevard in Anna.
"Our hearts are irreversibly broken," Morris' sister, Sarah Estes, said after the remains were positively identified.
Plano police and the Collin County district attorney's office are still investigating her death. Whether Arochi will face new criminal charges remains to be seen.
Morris grew up in Allen and graduated from the University of Texas at Dallas in 2013 with a marketing degree. She lived in Fort Worth and was working for a dating service while trying to start her own business designing a line of clothing for skateboarders.
A private burial will be held at Ridgeview Memorial Park in Allen. Donations are being accepted for the Christina Morris Memorial Fund through a GoFundMe account to help defray the family's costs for the service and burial.
"Our family invites all of Team Christina — friends, family and supporters — to celebrate the life and love of Christina Marie Morris," Estes wrote on Facebook. "While she was taken from us far too soon, she has changed countless lives for the better. She will never be forgotten."
Mark Morris and Jonni Lee Hare, the parents of Christina Morris, attended a news conference where their daughter's remains were positively identified.
(Rose Baca/Staff Photographer)
Enrique Arochi and the disappearance of Christina Morris
'How did we miss her?' Area where remains of Christina Morris were found had been searched before
Remains found in Anna field identified as Christina Morris, Plano police say
Arochi's attorney says jury lacked evidence to convict in Christina Morris kidnapping case
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line2035
|
__label__cc
| 0.698957
| 0.301043
|
Discover Aussie
Singles Today!
Connect With Exciting Local Men and Women for Love, Romance, Fun, and Friendship!
Fast FREE Registration
FREE Search and Flirts
FREE Live Video Chat
FREE & Easy to Sign Up:
I am a: Male Female
Looking for: Male Female
Birthday: day12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031 month January February March April May June July August September October November December year 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979 1978 1977 1976 1975 1974 1973 1972 1971 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 1920
Email (remains confidential)
I accept Terms and Conditions and Shared Site Disclosure on Dating AU
By joining I agree to Terms and Conditions, Privacy Policy and Shared Site Disclosure. I also agree to receive flirts, messages, account updates and special offers via email.
Find My Matches
Step 1: What are you looking for
I am a: Male seeking Male Male seeking Female Female seeking Male Female seeking Female
Step 2: What is Your Age
My age is:
Step 3: Enter your Email Address
Email (remains confidential):
Step 4: Choose Your Screen Name
37 lovedablood
This is a headline i refuse to write :F
37 Female Alpine United States
I'm nice to talk to and chill with, I really want to meet someone new :D
32 cubanluv97
Th3 oN3 AnD 0nLy ThAt CaN mAk3 y0u Sm!l3
32 Female Fort Pierce United States
im outgoin, love to hang out with my friends and act i guess u could say stupid im actaully 15 years old and love to dance dont matter what type of music im up for it... n e thing els u wanna know just ask
32 laura22
looking for fun & games
32 Female Reading United Kingdom
21yo blue eyed, blonde, slim attractive. Jughjdfhg
34 cheerleader_sarah83
Gurl looking for her Mr. Right
34 Female Madison United States
I am 21 years old, go to school full time and am a single mom. I love to go to the races, love to be outdoors, likes to hang out with friends and chill, I don't smoke and drink on special occasions. I am looking for my prince charming to...
29 harleygirlhd
Ride Long and Ride Hard
29 Female Crabtree Valley United States
I grew up riding Harleys and absolutely love to ride. i'm a very openminded and free spirited female who loves having fun and letting loose. I'm also a southern belle that loves working out, riding motorcycles, and having a good meal.
29 littlemissemo
Little Miss Emotional
29 Female Welkom (Industrial Area) South Africa
Dark hair, blue eyes, white, 1.6m, so emo, I love being different - that's who I am and yeah I'm a scene, I'm a drama queen, I'm the best damn thing that you're eyes have ever seen...
Come And Check Out Dating AU Right Now!
Dating AU is a singles site that can offer you options that few other singles sites out there can offer you. We are a dating site that can help out single Australian men and women, whether you are currently living in Australia or living somewhere abroad, to find a date. What we have found since we established our site is that we have proved just as popular with people who are looking to date Australian singles in a foreign country as we have with people still living in their home country. These are both services that we are delighted to provide and, no matter where you live, we think that we are more than capable of helping find the right Australian partner today!
The advantages of using such a site if you are living overseas are may and varied. You may be looking for someone of the same nationality simply because it brings familiarity to you in a foreign country, and / or it could be something as simple as having the language and dialect in common. It really is up to you and so far we have helped Australian men and women all over the world to get together with one another. We are as easy to use to someone who has no dating site experience as we are to those who have plenty of it. But you will see that for yourself when you join up with Dating AU - and it would be a crime not to check us out!
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line2037
|
__label__wiki
| 0.539322
| 0.539322
|
Sacramento State FacultyDR. MANUEL BARAJAS///
Name: DR. MANUEL BARAJAS
Title: Professor
Office Location: Amador Hall 454B
Email: mbarajas@csus.edu
Mailing Address: Department of Sociology, Sacramento State, 6000 J Street Sacramento, CA 95819-6043
Office Hours: Spring 2017: Mondays and Wednesdays, 12:00-1:00pm & by apppointment
COURSES THAT I TEACH
Soc 118: Chicano Community
Soc 120: Ethnic and Race Relations
Soc 122: Immigration Studies
Soc 125: Social Inequalities
Soc 265: Race and Ethnic Relations (graduate level)
Ph.D., Sociology, University of California, Riverside
M.A., Sociology, University of California, Riverside
B.A., Sociology, University of California, Davis
Chicana/o Sociology
Immigration and Transnationalism
Race, Class, and Gender Inequality
Race and Ethnic Relations
Social Pyschology
Barajas, Manuel. 2009. The Xaripu Community Across Borders: Labor Migration, Community, and Family. University of Notre Dame Press.
Distinguished Contribution to Research Book Award (Honorable Mention). American Sociological Association, Latina/o Sociology Section, 2011.
Reviewed in Social Forces; Journal of American Ethnic History; Latin American Politics & Society; Bulletin of Latin American Research; Reference & Research Book News
Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
Barajas, Manuel. 2014. “Colonial Dislocations and Incorporation of Indigenous Migrants from Mexico to the United States.” American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 58(1): 53-63.
Barajas, Manuel. 2012. “A Comparative Analysis of Mexican- and European-origin Migration and Incorporation to the United States: Proposing Interactive Colonization Theory.” Societies without Borders: Human Rights and the Social Sciences, Vol. 7 (3): 264–295.
Ruiz, Nadeen, and Manuel Barajas. 2012. “Multiple Perspectives on the Schooling of Mexican Indigenous Students in the U.S. Issues for Future Research.” Bilingual Research Journal, Vol. 35: 125–144.
Barajas, Manuel, and Elvia Ramirez. 2007. “Beyond Home/Host Dichotomies: A Comparative Examination of Gender Relations in a Transnational Mexican Community.” Sociological Perspectives, Vol. 50 (3) Fall.
Aguirre, Adalberto Jr., and Manuel Barajas. 2000. “Intimate Social Contact, Cultural Proximity, and Prejudice Toward Mexican-Origin Persons: A Modified Application of Contact Theory.” Latino Studies Journal, Vol. 11 (2) Spring: 67-87.
Barajas, Manuel. 2017. “Weaving Testimonies of the San Joaquin Valley Fields, Community, and Higher Education: Affirming Critical Knowledge and Justice from the Bottom Up.” In Rethinking Home: Testimonios from California’s Agricultural Valles, edited by Gloria Cuádraz and Yolanda Flores.
Barajas, Manuel. 2016. “Immigration Reform.” In People of Color in the United States: Contemporary Issues in Education, Work, Communities, Health, and Immigration, Volume 4, edited by Alvaro Huerta, Norma Iglesias-Prieto, and Donathan Brown: ABC-CLIO Greenwood: 198-203.
Barajas, Manuel. 2014. “Benito Juarez and Cinco de Mayo: An Ultimate American Victory.” In Palabra: The Book of Living Essays, edited by Santos Torres, Petraglyph Publishing.
Barajas, Manuel, and Elvia Ramirez. 2008. “Gender and Immigration.” In Institutions, Ideologies, & Individuals: Feminist Perspectives on Gender, Race, & Class, edited by Rita Cameron Wedding and Boatamo Mosupyoe. Kendall/Hunt Publishers.
Liu, Amy Q., Otis Scott, Joseph Sheley, Frank Whitlatch, Ernest Cowles, and Manuel Barajas. 2008. “Social Research and the Sacramento State Annual Survey of the Region.” In Research, Advocacy, and Political Engagement: Multidisciplinary Perspectives through Service Learning, edited by Sally Cahill Tannenbaum. Stylus Publishers.
Barajas, Manuel (2016). Review of Racial Spoils from Native Soils: How Neoliberalism Steals Indigenous Lands in Highland Peru, by Arthur Scarritt. Contemporary Sociology, 45 (6): 784-786.
Barajas, Manuel. (2016). Review of Skills of the 'Unskilled': Work and Mobility among Mexican Migrants, by Jacqueline Maria Hagan, Ruben Hernandez-Leon, and Jean-Luc Demonsant. Contemporary Sociology, 45 (5): 604-606.
Peer Reviewed Encyclopedia Entries
Barajas, Manuel. 2013. “Mexican-origin Indigenous Immigration to the United States: A Historical and Intersectional Perspective.” In Immanuel Ness (Ed.), The Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell Publishers.
Ruiz, Nadeen, Manuel Barajas, Irene McGinty, and Dana Romo. 2011. "Weaving Learning Communities Across Borders: Mexican Indigenous Students and Families in California.” An Introductory Professional Development Module for Educators, Office of Migrant, Indian, and International Education California Department of Education, June 30: 1–36.
Barajas, Manuel. 2011. “Challenging Barriers to Higher Education in California.” The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education, June 27.
SELECT HONORS AND AWARDS
Outstanding Wisdom and Leadership (OWL) Award, Peer and Academic Resource Center (PARC) and Martin Luther King, Jr. Scholars Program, California State University, Sacramento, 2017
Faculty Leaders Fellowship, Pardee RAND Graduate School, 2017
Oustanding Community Service Award, College of Social Sciences and Interdisciplinary Studies, California State University, Sacramento, 2014
All People's Recognition Ceremony Award, Multicultural Center, California State University, Sacramento (awarded 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, and 2012)
McNair Scholars Program Mentor Recognition Award (awarded 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, and 2010)
Meso-American Indigenous Languages and Peoples Alliance [MILPA] Recognition Award, Fresno, CA, 2009
Teacher Recognition Award, Oaxaca Bi-national Teacher's Association, 2007
Research and Pedagogy Award, College of Social Sciences and Interdisciplinary Studies (SSIS), California State University, Sacramento, 2006
University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States (UC MEXUS) Dissertation Research Grant Award, 1999
SELECT LEADERSHIP AND SERVICE
Chair, W.E.B. Du Bois Career of Distinguished Scholarship Award Selection Committee, American Sociological Association, 2017
Board Member, Teatro Espejo, Sacramento, CA, 2017-present
Graduate Program Coordinator, Department of Sociology, 2015-
Chair, Publications Committee, Pacific Sociological Association, 2012-15
Interim Director, Serna Center, California State University, Sacramento, 2012-13
Member, Distinguished Contribution to Research Book Award Committee, Latina/o Section, American Sociological Association, 2012
Council Member, Race, Gender, & Class Section, American Sociological Association, 2010-13
Co-Chair, Chicano(a)/Latino(a) Faculty and Staff Association, California State University, Sacramento, 2010-present
Co-Chair, Faculty Senate's Committee on Diversity and Equity (CODE), 2008-12
College of Social Sciences and Interdisciplinary Studies (SSIS) Faculty Representative, Academic Advising Center, California State University, Sacramento, 2004-06
PRESENTATIONS AND MEDIA INTERVIEWS
Selected Academic Presentations
“Parallel Nativism in Immigration Politics and in Higher Education: An Intersectional Analysis of Chicanas/os in the Twenty-First Century,” Paper presented at the Pacific Sociological Association, Portland, Oregon, April 7, 2017.
Sacrificing Families: Navigating Laws, Labor, and Love across Borders, by Abrego, Leisy J. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2013. Manuel Barajas reviewed book with author at the American Sociological Association, Seattle, Washington, August 23, 2016.
“Understanding Mexican Migration and Transnationalism in the 21st Century: An Extended Case Study in Northern California,” Paper presented at the 2014 American Sociological Association Conference, San Francisco, California, August 16, 2014
“A Century of Mexican-Origin Migration and Policy Implications in the United States: A Historical and Intersectional Analyses,” Paper presented at the 2014 National Association of Chicana/Chicano Studies Conference at Salt Lake City, Utah, April 10–12, 2014
“Bracero y Mujeres Trabajadoras del 1942–64” [Guestworkers and Women Workers 1942–64], Panelist paper presented at the Northern California National Association of Chicana and Chicano Studies (NACCS) FOCO Conference, Woodland Community College, California, February 22, 2014
“The Mexican/American Border: Are We doing the Right Thing?” Paper presented at the Brainfood Talks event for the UC Davis Retiree Association and UC Davis Emeriti Association, November 14, 2013.
“Multiple perspectives on the Education of Transnational Indigenous Students.” Co-authored paper presented at AERA Conference at Vancouver, Canada, April 14-15, 2012
“Chican@ Faculty in the California State University System: Issues of Representation and Equity.” Paper presented at California Faculty Association Equity Conference at Los Angeles, CA, March 9–10, 2012
“Mi Corrido/My Story: Teaching Ethnic and Race Relations through Students’ Stories.” Paper co-presented with Aya Ida and Elvia Ramirez at the Pacific Sociological Association Conference, Seattle Washington, April 10-13, 2011
“Chicanas/os in the 21st Century: An Emergent Californian Majority in a Minority Status,” Organized/Presided at California Sociological Association, Berkeley, CA November 13, 2009
Selected Community Presentations
Keynote Speaker for Mujeres Ayudando la Raza Youth Conference, Sacramento State, April 21, 2017.
Presented and moderated panel, “Colonialism from ‘Highest Heaven' to Darker History,” at the Crocker Art Museum, Sacramento, California, January 15, 2017.
Keynote speaker for Educational Fair organized by Mujeres Ayudando la Raza (MAR) at Farm Labor Camp, 777 Mathews Road, French Camp, August 10, 2014
Guest speaker for Project Voice: “Breaking Barriers: Por el Futuro de tu Educacion y tu Comunidad” at Centro Migrante, Stockton, California, July 13, 2013
Guest speaker at the Noche de Ciencias Conference at The Language Academy, Sacramento, California, September 26, 2012
Television and Radio Interviews
Interviewed by BlogTalk Radio host Armando Sanchez about Migration, Deportation of Children, and Policy, 2014
Interviewed by National Public Radio (NPR) about Mixteco speaking students and families in Watsonville and Oxnard, CA, 2014
Interviewed by Univision television station about Latino/a college enrollment, 2013
Interviewed by Swedish Public Television (SVT) about Mexican migration, 2012
Interviewed by Univision television station, San Francisco Chronicle, and UC Santa Cruz Radio about higher education, 2010
Guest speaker on radio show "Nuestro Foro" KFCF, 88.1FM on Purepecha Migration, 2009
Guest commentator on Voz y Voto (Univision) on higher education, 2008
Guest commentator on Voz y Voto (Univision) television on Mexican migration, 2007
American Sociological Association
California Sociological Association
National Association of Chicana and Chicano Studies
Pacific Sociological Association
The library quad
Guy West Bridge
Mariposa Hall
University Union
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line2040
|
__label__cc
| 0.694769
| 0.305231
|
Search Sacramento
State website
contact news
services staff
Sac State Magazine
Capital Public Radio
CSU Newsline
visitor relations
Sacramento State News - California State University, Sacramento
February 1 , 2008
Sacramento State sees jump in fall 2008 applications
Applications for fall 2008 at Sacramento State have increased by 6.7 percent overall compared to fall 2007, according to the University’s office of Enrollment Management. The number of admitted students also rose dramatically, with 10,030 admitted students by Jan. 31, as opposed to 4,441 at the same time last year.
A total of 23,580 first-time freshmen, transfer and graduate students applied for admission to the University, compared to last year’s total of 22,092. First-time freshmen for fall 2008 have thus far totaled 16,946, a 7.6 percent change from the 15,744 total for fall 2007.
The application deadline this year for incoming freshmen was moved up to March 1 under a system-wide mandate by the California State University.
The increase in fall 2008 admission was primarily due to increased efforts from Admissions and Records to shorten the turnaround time from application submission to admission.
“We began sending out fall 2008 admissions letters in mid-October,” says Edward Mills, associate vice president for Enrollment Management. “Since then, we’ve been sending those letters out on a rolling basis. Our goal is to let students know within a few weeks of their application submission if they have been admitted.
“We want to help students make their decisions quickly,” Mills says, “so they know what their options are, rather than make them wait.”
For admission information, contact Outreach, Admissions and Records at (916) 278-3901. For media assistance, contact the Public Affairs office at (916) 278-6156.
California State University, Sacramento Public Affairs
6000 J Street Sacramento, CA 95819-6026 (916) 278-6156 infodesk@csus.edu
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line2041
|
__label__cc
| 0.74183
| 0.25817
|
Pay dispute at college see lecturers strike
Lecturers from New College Lanarkshire take to the picket lines once more
Lecturers at New College Lanarkshire took to the picket lines again last week in their continuing dispute over pay.
Members of the Educational Institute of Scotland (EIS) Further Education Lecturers’ Association (FELA) are seeking their first cost of living pay increase since April 2016.
Eileen Imlah, EIS/FELA branch secretary for New College Lanarkshire, said: “Sadly our members have had no alternative but to resort to industrial action again in order to gain a simple cost of living pay rise.
“We take this action with a heavy heart, we spend most of our lives supporting students, we do not want to take this action.
“We have sought resolution for months and have compromised repeatedly on our claim, yet management have refused to meet us until after the strike action takes place.”
The Colleges Scotland Employers’ Association claims it has met with EIS-FELA eight times and will meet them again on Thursday.
Employment Services director John Gribben said: “The EIS-FELA must realise their unreasonable pay demands would mean fewer courses, fewer students and fewer lecturing jobs.”
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line2042
|
__label__wiki
| 0.680954
| 0.680954
|
Home / About / Director's Welcome
I am very honored to be part of the Defense Systems Information Analysis Center (DSIAC) stakeholder community and am committed to maximizing the DSIAC value contribution to the warfighter. The launch of DSIAC on January 1, 2014 marked a significant milestone in the history of the DOD IAC program in the implementation of the DOD’s “Better Buying Power” initiative to transform the IAC program and establish three consolidated basic centers of operation (BCOs) in Cyber Security and Information Systems, Homeland Defense, and Defense Systems, respectively. This transformation was designed to align the IAC program with the contemporary budget environment while positioning the IACs to effectively meet new and emerging needs. DSIAC is pleased to join CSIAC and HDIAC as one of the next generation of DoD Information Analysis Centers.
SURVICE Engineering is proud to lead the DSIAC team which includes Georgia Tech Research Institute, TRI Austin, and West Virginia University Innovation Center. Our team members provide significant IAC operational and management experience, as well as technical expertise in one or more of the DSIAC technical focus areas. Our collective goal is to serve as a critical value-added resource to improve productivity and reduce duplication and redundancy in DoD Research and Engineering efforts.
A key objective of our operational philosophy leverages the best practices of each of our six legacy IACs to effectively and efficiently provide outstanding service to the DoD science and technology development communities in support of the warfighter needs. Beyond the six legacy IAC technical areas of weapons systems, advanced materials, energetics, RMQSI, military sensing, and survivability & vulnerability, DSIAC is also responsible for supporting the three new technical areas: Autonomous Systems, Directed Energy, and Non-lethal Weapons. To accomplish this broad mission, DSIAC has established nine distinct “Communities of Practice” which will serve as a medium for communication and collaboration, and permit DSIAC users to focus on their particular area of interest.
One of the core functions of DSIAC is to acquire, organize, catalog, disseminate, and analyze scientific and technical information in its areas of technical responsibility. As such, we actively seek reports, papers, data, and other formal documentation, either classified or unclassified, for permanent indexing and cataloging in the Defense Technical Information Center’s digital Research & Engineering Gateway (R&E Gateway). Please contact us if you are aware of any orphaned or otherwise uncatalogued reports or collections that deserve to be indexed and permanently preserved for future use by the DoD technical community.
We also generate scientific and technical information products to include technical journals, news digests, databases, technology assessments and analytical reports. Whether you have a routine or mission critical defense systems technical inquiry, or require more substantial support in the form of core analysis task (CAT) support, the DSIAC team stands ready to meet your needs. If you're part of the Defense Systems technical community, to include DOD, industry, and academia, or just a technical enthusiast in one or more of our scope areas, we’re interested in hearing from you. Call us direct at 443-360-4600, visit our website, or email us.
Vincent “Ted” Welsh
DSIAC Director
Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) / Information Analysis Center (IAC)
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line2053
|
__label__cc
| 0.510309
| 0.489691
|
Family Time in Boca Mavaca: He Borara: Chapter 16
Such an obvious item to overlook: kids need someplace to play.
The oversight occurs to Lac while they’re on the river motoring up the Orinoco to the Mouth of the Mavaca. He did his best to prepare Dominic and Kara for the rude handling they’d be subjected to, and as expected the Iyäwei-teri surrounded the single-prop plane as soon as it came to a halt on the dirt runway alongside the Ocamo mission outpost. Here was Laura and the kids’ first encounter with the Yąnomamö. Laura struck the men as gawp-inducingly beautiful and her features cause for fervid scrutiny and animated discussion: those gleaming eyes, that soft fly-away hair, that ghostly complexion. Lac, despite himself, beamed with pride.
Even as he did his best to evince an air of calm, when the examinations commenced, his body went tense. Fortunately, it wasn’t the men but the women who felt the need to physically examine this nabä female, checking whether she had the same basic parts they do. Lac well remembered how it felt to suffer from the lack of concern Yąnomamö show for their specimens’ space and dignity as they satisfy their natural inquisitiveness with greedy disregard. Glimpsing Laura’s expression, he felt his anger surge. Hold off, he told himself. You talked to her about this. It’s uncomfortable but they aren’t hurting her.
Dominic sunk into a weirdly docile silence as his head was grabbed, his hair pinched and pulled—not roughly—by dozens of hands belonging to people who’d never seen a toe head before, or a bar of soap. Kara the whole time leaned against his leg, her hands gripping his trousers. Any untoward handling of her might have dashed his resolve, but the Iyäwei-teri were merely curious, as he can expect the Bisaasi-teri to be. One young man asked him what his children’s names are. Lac leaned in close to his ear and answered in a whisper, conveying to everyone how precious his family is to him, in case they couldn’t glean as much from his protective glare. The man responded by asking if he could have Kara, and Lac treated the question as a joke, though he couldn’t tell if it was intended as such.
After Laura and the kids had endured the interesting ordeal of first introductions, Lac brought them to the compound to meet Padre Morello, who welcomed them with his usual charm and eloquence. The kids took to him immediately, not least because he no sooner learned their names than offered them suckers—an indulgence he probably greets the Iyäwei-teri children with too. They spent the night at the Ocamo outpost, Laura staying up to hear the padre’s war stories as Lac nodded off in a musty but delightful old recliner.
Now it’s midmorning in the buzzing outboard on the glittering Orinoco, they’re maybe an hour from their destination, and legions of worrying details descend on his mind. The Malarialogìa men have confirmed his casual observation of an uptick in cases of the sickness: “Si, it’s a bad year, too many people living close to rivers.” On top of that, the dry season is beginning—and drying trails means increased risk of raids. Who knows how many villages he or his Bisaasi-teri friends have pissed off over the past few months? But it’s the play space oversight that bothers him most because, had he thought of it, he could have easily devised a solution. The kids can’t play in the tall grass between the hut and the Mavaca’s bank; that’s where all the snakes are hiding. He thinks of Horeshemowa hopping around the plaza like a man on a pogo stick, and of all the children in his files who died of snakebite, two since his arrival a year ago. Neither he nor their mother has any chance of spotting a snake approaching them if they’re playing in the grass. But they can’t stay in his moldy hut all day every day. So where are they to go?
Lac feels a prick from his still-active Boasian conscience as he dismisses out of hand the idea of letting his children play inside the shabono, where the Yąnomamö children play. They’d be harassed for one thing, as all outsiders are, but they may be in for still more severe mistreatment if the other kids get it in their heads that these miniature nabäs can be shaken down for their richer food or their manufactured toys. Who knows which of the grownups, for that matter, may decide to take one, or both, of Shaki’s children hostage, demanding shotguns or motorized canoes—or Laura—as ransom. No, he needs to keep them separate, the way Clemens and the other missionaries have. So where will they play?
He’s envisioning a new project of clearing a swath in the grass when it occurs to him he’s already participated in just such an enterprise. A few weeks ago, he helped Clemens scythe down a square area with machetes, a space they then covered in sand by the bucket-full hauled in from the river bottom by a bunch of Bisaasi-teri children and teenagers. It’s where the Clemens family is keeping its chickens now, a coup surrounded by a small wire fence. Dominic and Kara could use it as a big sandbox. No snake would dare expose itself by going after them there.
Lac smiles, not just for the eminently simple solution to the pending crisis, but because he’s remembering how nice it can be riding in the front of a dugout, away from the brain-scrambling hum of the motor, with the breeze on your face brushing away the bugs, and the penetrating beams of the sun punctuated in their deadly drubbing by the protective shade of the paternally looming trees leaning out over the banks. Combined flocks of macaws and parakeets race gracefully across the river ahead, a dance of brilliant color in the drab wash of green and brown. You can even see gatherings of flitting butterflies along the shore, celebrating their brief lives by breaking the bounds of gravity with the sheer lightness of their delicate and short-lived bodies.
Laura turns back to shout something to him he doesn’t hear, the words drowned out not so much by the motor as by the arresting loveliness of her exhilarated smile. The way her hair twists in the wind sends a shiver of startling gratitude down his spine. I’m motoring up the Orinoco with my children and my impossibly beautiful wife, he thinks, returning with them to the intriguing village I’m studying, peopled with fascinating individuals making up a society of immense scientific importance. This is what you dreamed of for yourself, everything you wanted.
Now you just need to make it work.
The kids have fevers. They have swollen welts on their arms and backs. Laura, on this day two in the field, looks like she hasn’t slept in a week. The bareto frenzied around his children the moment they docked. Lac had forgotten his own fever back when he first arrived; a reaction to the multitude of bites. For him, it was easy—or he doesn’t recall the difficulty anyway—to accept the discomfort while remaining confident his body would acclimate, as the Indians’ bodies must have. Seeing Dominic and Kara sick, though, is the purest agony. Laura, for whatever reason, doesn’t seem to be reacting as badly to the bites. Her condition stems from nonstop worry.
“Did you manage to sleep at all last night?” Lac asks as he’s unpacking dishes and supplies to make oatmeal. He slept in twenty-minute intervals himself and doesn’t imagine he’ll leave the hut much today.
“Oh, I got some,” Laura lies.
“The bites,” Lac says, “they get inflamed at first—I don’t remember how long I was here before they stopped raising the welts. The fever I think only lasted a few days for me.” A few days, he repeats in his mind guiltily: that’s a long time for kids so young to be sick.
“Were you continually exposed to these gnat bites that whole time?”
“I must have been.” Already those earliest days are an incoherent smear of images he can only loosely arrange into chronological sequence. He’d have to consult his notebooks, as sketchy as they are on those kinds of details, to tell his own story.
“So if we keep them indoors and under the mosquito nets until their fevers break, will they get sick again as soon as they step outside and start getting bit again?”
“I don’t think so.” He should have a better answer for this. “I think the fever is an immune response to some mild toxin the bareto deliver with their bites. Whether you’re getting bitten continually or not, your body probably makes the same adjustment.”
With her bleary eyes, she signals the skepticism his improvised answer deserves. “I just hope they haven’t picked up anything more serious than the bites,” she says. Lac hears a rebuke: How could you let these people handle our children so aggressively? And me too? As anticipated, Dominic and Kara received the same hands-on examinations from the Bisaasi-teri as they had from the Iyäwei-teri the day before. He decides against telling her the inspections he underwent himself were more thorough; the Yąnomamö must be showing some restraint out of deference to him.
“What will you do today?” Laura asks.
“Today I’ll stick around and help you work out your routines for getting water and food and other necessities. Tomorrow or the next day, I’ll go back to the shabono and start doing more interviews with the headman.”
Laura keeps looking over at the ladder upstairs. Even though Dominic and Kara are safely tucked away in the troja, her uneasiness about their surroundings is making it hard for her to relax with them out of sight. “I’m going to wake the kids,” she says.
“Good, we can walk them through everything they need to know again—and we can show them the sandbox.” Clemens was here yesterday when they arrived, and he agreed letting the children play in his chicken coup was a good idea. His own daughter is older than Lac’s kids, and she travels with her father most of the time. Clemens is forever ferrying Yąnomamö kids about, mostly back and forth to Tama Tama. He says the New Tribes may be reassessing their plan to set up another school in Bisaasi-teri, now that the Salesians are working on a permanent presence here. Once again, the Catholics are forcing the Protestants to retreat. This disappoints Lac, though he’d just as soon have missionaries of every stripe expunged from the territory. Of course, if the missionaries weren’t around, he’d have a much harder time doing his own work, and he may not be able to do many parts of it at all. But there you go, he thinks; moral considerations get as tangled out here as the lianas.
Lac stands up from where he’s been squatting by the kerosene stove to help Laura descend the final steps of the ladder with Kara in her arms. She still has a fever, not high it seems, and lifting her shirt reveals welts that are still angry. Laura flashes him a look that has him quietly enumerating the necessary steps to get them back to Ocamo, and from there back to Caracas, on the shortest possible timescale. But that’s silly. The kids will be fine in a day or two; any long canoe journey could be a detriment to their convalescence.
Dominic climbs down on his own and glances groggily about the hut. “I can’t believe this is where you’ve been living,” he says sitting down at the table. Lac goes back to the stove and the complicated, multistage process of preparing a simple meal—this time for four instead of one. “Do you spend every night here?” Dominic asks.
Touching his forehead, Laura reports, “His fever already feels like it’s going down.”
“That’s good,” Lac says. “I did stay here almost every night for the first few months. Lately, though, I’ve been spending most nights in some pata’s—that’s what the Yąnomamö call an important man—some pata’s yahi. The yahis are the lean-to houses that form the circular shabono you saw yesterday. Lots of interesting stuff happens in the shabonos at night and in the early morning.” Lac has in mind couples stealing away in the predawn hours for illicit trysts in the gardens, so he’s hoping Dominic doesn’t ask what sort of things he means.
“I would stay in the yahis too if I had to live here for a long time,” he responds instead.
This response isn’t to Lac’s liking either. He worries he may be setting a precedent by sticking around after breakfast. He’s also worried about spoiling his family with the canned soup he plans to make for lunch; he’s brought plenty of easily prepared meals—expensive, heavy to haul around—to help ease their transition to the more spartan diet he’s been living on. Already, though, he feels pressure from Laura, who has yet to say a word in complaint, pushing him in the direction of providing more, not fewer, creature comforts. Meanwhile, his work with Mobaräkäwa, while ostensibly on hold, remains at the forefront of his thoughts. Listening to Laura explain his work again to the kids, Lac lets his mind wander next to Mishimishimaböwei-teri, a place he’ll probably never reach—at least not on this stint in the field.
“Daddy,” Kara says, “why don’t you bring these people clothes and soap?”
Lac and Laura laugh together.
“You know, little bug, I often think about doing just that. Remember some of the people at Iyäwei-teri, the village by the Ocamo mission where you met that nice priest, some of the people there were wearing t-shirts and shorts. I’ve asked them why they like these clothes and they said it helps keep the gnats and mosquitoes off their skin.”
Kara wrinkles her brow in concentration before saying, “You should fill up your canoe with shirts for them.”
“You know, maybe someday I will.”
Dominic turns in his chair now to ask, “Why does that man we met yesterday only have one leg?”
“That’s Horeshemowa—but remember never to say his name aloud. He was bitten by a snake a long time ago, and they don’t have antivenin like we do, so his leg got really bad and eventually had to be amputated.” Lac doesn’t want to scare his kids by telling them the leg rotted off; amputation seems a nicely abstracted alternative.
“Antivenom saves you when you get bit by a snake, right?”
“Yes, it counteracts the venom”—no need to go into the proper pronunciation.
“You should bring a whole canoe-full of antivenom then, instead of t-shirts.”
“I have given some to a few Yąnomamö already, but it’s really expensive. And I’ve come out here to learn about their way of life, so I can’t interfere with how they would be living if I wasn’t here.”
“But you can’t let their legs get ampulated, Daddy,” Kara says.
“No, I can’t, and I’ll help anyone I can. But I’m an anthropologist, not a medical doctor.”
“You should bring a whole canoe-full of doctors sometime, Dad,” Dominic says.
Lac looks down at the mud floor. “There will be a team of doctors coming in the spring,” he says at last, thinking, yes, son, you’ve nailed it: these people don’t need anthropologists, and they certainly don’t need missionaries. Doctors are what they could use more than anything—doctors and medicine by the boatload. “What you have to understand is that the Yąnomamö have their own ways of curing sickness, ways that are based on their own beliefs. I’ll always try to help when I can, but what I’m out here to do is learn about their beliefs and their customs, not introduce ours to them.”
“I’m going to tell them the best way to get better when you’re sick is to go to a doctor,” Dominic says.
Lac smiles. “I’d be interested in how they respond to that—I bet they don’t believe you.”
Lac is watching the kids chase the chickens in the sandy coup. He’s sent Laura to the hut’s troja for a nap after making sure she doesn’t have a fever herself. Kara’s fever has gone down, but he notes her play is still subdued. Or does he? He’s barely seen her this past year, only for four weeks out of fifty-two. Now, after all that time away, he catches himself looking for patterns and meanings in his own children’s behavior, an ethnographer in the sandbox. Dominic swats at bugs, gets a twinkle—a glint?—in his eye before darting after a hen. He’s out of breath almost immediately. It’s the humidity. Plus he probably has a mild fever still. When he kneels and returns to his feet, the sand clings to his shins in wide flat clumps. The sand that seemed so fine when it was first spread a few weeks ago must have somehow become mingled with the surrounding dirt. How that could happen is beyond him, though, when the coup is surrounded by tall grass with what must be a vast root network anchoring the soil in place.
Kara sits and squeals, half in fright half in delight, as her brother drives a chicken to within a foot of where she sits before it veers away to evade its monstrous tormentor. The play stops when the chants start overflowing the walls of the shabono some thirty yards from the coup. Lac turns, his eyes picking out the passage into the plaza. His children turn to look as well. What would happen, he wonders, if I brought them into the courtyard right now? They’d get to see the shabori with the strings of green snot dangling from their noses. They’d get to see the dancing impersonations of the hekura, and I could explain the meanings behind all the strange behaviors on display.
He turns back toward the sandbox with a faint smile. The fact is, the men are too unpredictable when they’re bombed out of their minds on their ebene. It’s dangerous enough for him. He simply can’t take the chance with his children, which means his work will go undone until other arrangements can be made. Maybe if Clemens and his wife and daughter were here—
“Daddy, why do their songs sound like that?” Kara asks.
“Like what, honey?”
“They sound like they want to cry.”
“Their language is more nasal than ours—more of the sounds they make come from closer to their noses. To our ears, it sounds like they’re whining or complaining sometimes.” And sometimes, oftentimes, almost all the time, they really are complaining: about how desperately they need some item in your possession. But however whiny they sound, they still manage to be intimidating as hell, like petulant children with the strength of burly men.
Lac is sitting with his children on the springy palmwood floor of his troja when he hears his wife scream the type of scream that signals his worst fears being realized. She’s recently woken from her long nap and gone downstairs to use the shower for the first time. Lac scrambles to his feet and pushes his kids up against the wall by the ladder, saying, “Close this hatch after me, and don’t open it for anyone but me or mom.”
He grabs the ladder’s supports and slides down over the rungs, splinters biting into his palms, and lands on the mud floor with a jarring thud whose reverberations blend with a second scream. Scanning the shadowy room, he sees nothing but mud walls, a cluttered table, and rickety chairs. The shotgun still leans against the wall by the door where he left it when he came back inside with Dominic and Kara. Laura’s third shriek sounds from the shower as Lac takes up its steal and polished wood heft. Throwing back the door, he expects to find Laura grappling with a huya who considered it good fun hiding in wait for her at her most exposed. But all he sees is Laura, still dry but hugging herself, knees bent, hysterical.
“Baby, what is it?”
She points. Though he was on the cusp of releasing a torrent of castigations for scaring the hell out of him, he recoils when he sees the source of her fright. Quivering, Laura stammers, “It-it just crawled out from under the mat, right when I first stepped on it.”
Lac leans the shotgun against the wall outside the mud-closet shower then steps back in, unlacing his boot. The spider has made it two feet up the wall, its undulating legs covered with bristling black hairs and spanning an area the size of a woman’s hand. As he races to position the boot over the darting target and press down with lethal dispatch, he feels the give of the carapace through the sole near the toe. It splats with a squishy crunch, like the sound of a massive cockroach smashed underfoot, drawing another whimper from Laura.
Trying to scoop up the nightmarish brown and black hairy remains with the bottom of the boot, Lac quickly realizes his efforts are hopeless. At least the wall is made of mud, he thinks, or this would make for a gruesome stain. He steps out of the shower, past Laura, who has wrapped herself in a towel, and picks up a dirty rag from the table. As he scoops and dabs at the smear, he contemplates his approach to reassuring Laura of her safety. Should I tell her to go bathe in the river for now if she’s too scared to go back in? The whole point of the shower, he reminds himself, was to make it so she didn’t have to wash in the open. Plus, who knows what creatures are lurking beneath the surface of that damn river? The Bisaasi-teri tell of a child being suddenly pulled under by an anaconda the year before I arrived.
Lac goes outside to dispose of the spider’s splattered wreckage. “Thanks a lot,” he mutters as he flings it into the tall snake-infested grass. “You have no idea of the trouble you’ve caused me.” He can’t stop a smile from inching lopsidedly over his face. “I guess I caused you a bit of a problem too—though I also kind of solved every problem you ever had.”
Stepping back inside the hut, he sees, to his amazement, Laura has reentered the shower and unclamped the hose to release the stream of water from the tank. That’s my girl, he thinks, though he knows he hasn’t heard the last of the incident. Remembering how he left Dominic and Kara, he rushes back to the ladder to climb up and tell them everything’s okay. Because everything is okay. No need to explain the streaks of blood on the rails from the barely perceptible lacerations on his palms—they probably won’t notice.
“I hate to tell you, Shackley,” Clemens says, “but I don’t think that’s mud—I’m pretty sure that’s chicken droppings your kids have all over their hands and knees.”
It’s early evening and Lac has taken Dominic and Kara out to the sandbox—the shitbox—for one last half hour of play before trapping them indoors for the night. Lac does the calculation: four chickens over four weeks. Yes, Clemens is right; that’s not mud caking their skin. He wastes his next thought wishing Chuck hadn’t shared this revelation within earshot of Laura, who is standing on the adjacent side of the fence conversing with Judy.
“Good lord, Lachlan!” she cries. “We have to get them out of there and into the that shower of yours to wash them up.”
That shower of yours—apparently, it’s already become a joke between her and Judy.
“Kara, come on,” Lac calls, “it’s time for your shower.” She turns reluctantly. “Dominic, you too, buddy.” Lac claps his hands to forestall any whining appeals for another few minutes of play. “Come on, we have to get inside before it gets dark.” He’s marching the kids back to the hut, steeling himself for the tirade his wife will unleash once they’re alone, yet he notes a pall of silence hanging over the shabono. What could be going on in there? He curses quietly. No matter, your biggest concern now is figuring out where your children can play tomorrow—without covering themselves in feces.
Lac lies awake in his hammock. Nothing is working the way it should, the way he needs it to, and every path he travels in his mind hoping to reach a solution runs into a dead end around its first bend. Tomorrow he’ll start clearing a space for another sandbox for the children, one they won’t have to share with chickens and their scat, but the coup he and Clemens and the huyas built took a couple weeks to finish. What are his kids supposed to do while construction is in the offing, stay in this moldy mud hut with its lone window all day, every day? And can he even count on more help from Clemens, who’s in Tama Tama more than half the time, or the huyas, who are as fickle as teenagers anywhere?
He rolls on his side, stifling a groan, folding his spine uncomfortably as one must when trying to sleep on his side in a hammock. Two weeks on a soft mattress atop box springs in Caracas has spoiled him, undone the progress he’d made getting accustomed to sleeping through the night contentedly on his mesh-cradled back. As he twists and stretches, he sees a light come on through his eyelids. Parting them, he picks out Laura’s silhouette; she’s holding up a flashlight. He can’t make out her expression for the contrast, but he intuits her worry. She’s pointing the beam toward the rafter supporting the wall, the same one holding up Dominic’s hammock. Lac squints, peering intently at the illuminated area, but can’t make anything out.
After training the light on the same vacant spot for a half minute, she clicks it off and lies back down. Without any possibility of glimpsing them in the blackened troja, Lac knows her eyes are still wide open. “Laura honey,” he whispers, “what are you looking for?”
“Oh, don’t worry. Go back to sleep.”
“Did you hear something?”
“It’s nothing. We can talk about it in the morning.”
I can’t go back to sleep, he thinks, when I was never asleep in the first place—and if it’s nothing then how the hell are we going to talk about it in the morning? He closes his eyes, annoyance joining forces in his mind with the frenzy of hopeless problem-solving to ensure another night’s wakefulness. I should go easy on her, he tells himself; she’s trying to let me have some peace to work out one issue before dumping another on me. Plus, remember what it was like when you first came here? Sure, you’ve made it easier on her than you had it, but you still have to give her some time to adjust.
He rolls onto his back again and takes in a measured breath, trying to turn the heat down on the anxieties roiling his mind like a kettle of water set to boil. As he listens for the sounds of his kids breathing, he hears the skittering critters scraping their tiny appendages along the dried leaves rolled and interlaced into the thatch roofing. Then there’s another sound: the insect legs being supplanted by the grasping of clawed toes. He listens as he slips down through the first layer of sleep, blissfully, only to be plunged back into a world of pink and red—light penetrating his eyelids once again.
This time he has a hunch what Laura is up to. “Baby, they never come down from up there. I see them all the time, but they’ve never once bothered me.”
“But, Lachlan, I’ve heard stories of rats attacking children in their sleep. It happens all the time in big cities like New York.”
“So what are you going to do? Stay up all night and shine the light on them every time they get close to the ropes holding up the hammocks?”
She doesn’t answer. That’s precisely what she’s planning to do. That’s what she did last night as well, which is why she was exhausted all day.
Lac swings his legs out of the mesh and lifts the mosquito netting to duck under it. “Is it just Dominic? Or do you think they might go after Kara too?” Much as he hates to wake his soundly sleeping kids, ten minutes later they’re both contorting and writhing in a futile effort to create a comfortable space for their bodies, each alongside one their parents. Twenty minutes more and it’s clear none of them will be getting any sleep this night.
Morning: Lac tiptoes down the ladder after Laura, leaving Dominic and Kara sleeping in the protective rays of the morning sun issuing through the gable window, finally content not to have their parents’ bodies to contend with in the hammocks. Lac’s eyes ache and his limbs weigh heavy. It’s going to be a long day. After guiltily fantasizing for a moment about how splendid it would be if his family were back in Caracas, he wrestles his attention back onto his plans for the construction of a new sandbox. Then there’s this new matter of the rats. Not convinced the jungle rodents represent a true danger, he figures he should begin by visiting the shabono to ask the Bisaasi-teri if they know of any attacks and what they generally do to avoid them. He hasn’t come across any deaths by rat bite in his surveys, but it can be difficult getting information on dead infants. It’s like the Yąnomamö prefer to go on as though they never existed. He doesn’t blame them.
As he’s taking up his pants to step into them, he’s wondering who and how he might ask diplomatically after the fate of Rariwi’s vanished newborn. But in the next moment he’s jumping from one foot to the other and yanking his leg back out of his pants. He felt something moving in there, something hairy. Reviewing his recent memory, he confirms he did indeed give the pants his habitual two shakes to dislodge any uninvited occupants. Yet here he is looking down at not one but two spiders, of the same species as the one that menaced Laura in the shower yesterday, only slightly smaller. Panting, he bends down to take up his boot before whirling back around to dispatch them both, creating the familiar gooey popcorn crunch.
Laura is watching him with appropriate solicitousness, but making him feel as though he has stumblingly revealed some shameful secret. “I’ve never seen any spiders of this species the whole time I’ve been here,” he says, “not until yesterday.”
“Let’s check the kids’ clothes,” she says, her red-rimmed eyes eloquent of her exhaustion but otherwise inscrutable.
Lac searches for some words of comfort, but he suspects whatever he says will only reinforce her misgivings. After turning Dominic’s and Kara’s clothes inside out and inspecting their every fold and seam, Lac tells her he’s going to the shabono to inquire after their customary methods for warding off rats who target children.
With dark swollen eyelids and slowed steps, he enters the passageway and emerges into the plaza to a chorus of boisterous greetings. “Shaki, where have you been? Nobody’s been around to pester us and make us laugh at his stupidity.” He smiles, suffused by the relief of returning to his proper element.
Is this my proper element? God help me.
He asks Mobaräkäwa’s brother, who’s recovered nicely from his snakebite, about whether rats ever attack Yąnomamö children. “Ma, Shaki, infants sleep with their mothers close to the hearth, and young boys like to shoot at the rats with their tiny arrows, so they never hang around the yahis long.”
“Ma, Shori, you aren’t serious! Do the boys really help keep the rats away?” Children are already gathering, as is their wont whenever he steps into the plaza, and he searches for a boy he knows is always eager to participate. “Owa, would you like to stay in my hut over the next few nights? I’d have you bring your bow and arrows, and I’d give you an item from my store of madohe for every dead rat you give me in the morning.”
The boy leaps, overjoyed. “Will you give me a machete and an ax for two rats?”
“Ma, I’ll give you fishhooks and line.”
The boy ponders this before saying, “Awei, Shaki, I’ll tell my cousins as well.”
The boys used to get a kick out of calling him Shaki because it seemed like they were getting away with addressing an adult male by name. But now no one seems to think much of it—the name virtually stands in place of a kinship term. Lac laughs with the children who boast of how many rodents they’ll kill, how big they’ll be, how much blood will splash over the mud walls. He basks in their excitement over the promise of a new game, one with wonderful prizes, and then he continues dawdling to ask after the most recent gossip—lots of visitors from Shamatari, a couple who’ve even said they want to talk to him. It’ll have to wait, though.
Leaving the shabono, he feels a weight returning, one he hadn’t realized was pressing down on him until being relieved of it for a time. He’s learned how to live in the field. He can stay alive, sane, and relatively healthy while also getting his work done—most days. What he can’t do is work while simultaneously taking care of Laura and the kids. They’re soaking up all his time and mental resources, keeping him awake all night, and taxing his nerves with endless minor crises. How does Clemens manage it? Well, Lac thinks, for one, he’s seldom here in Bisaasi-teri for long. And, two, his work with the Yąnomamö is hardly as intensive as mine, consisting mainly in recruiting kids for trips to Tama Tama in his dugout. Plus, his daughter is older—and she’s an only child.
Approaching the door of his hut, he shakes his head, quietly grumbling. It’s hopeless, he thinks, but I need this to work. How can I map out an entire tribal history, putting in years of fieldwork, if all the while I’m abandoning my family, or marooning them in a foreign city? No, it’s just going to take some ingenuity. You’re just going to have to keep working at figuring out some solutions.
As he steps into the darkened space inside, he sees Laura quickly readjusting her posture at the table, giving every indication his entrance has just snapped her awake. He thinks, God, she’s a wreck. Whatever else I do, I have to make sure she gets a good night’s sleep tonight.
Lac takes Dominic and Laura for a boat ride on the Mavaca, out into the Orinoco, and back into the Mavaca. He looks upriver, wondering if the legendary Mishimishimaböwei-teri could really be reachable by simply traveling along this course for a few days. All day, he worked at scything the tall grass for the kids’ next play area and now it’s time to relax and get them out of that mildew-infested hut. The sky overhead virtually creaks with knobby gray clouds straining to maintain their cool but obviously set to burst their seams. Dominic and Kara will experience their first jungle storm. He wonders briefly if he should try to smuggle them into the shabono to see the shabori raging at the winds like so many black-capped naked Lears, but thinks better of it. Plenty of chances for that later. For now, it’ll be easiest on their mother if we keep them safe indoors.
Dominic leans his head out over the bow as Kara firmly grasps the gunnel beside him. Lac watches as his son cranes to shout something back to him, but the sound is drowned out by the motor’s gurgling drone. In the cooling air washing over the craft, Lac feels his body filling with a miraculous warmth. I’m so glad they’re finally here, he thinks, so glad I get to see them every day, and they get to see me. How did those explorers of the last century do it, jaunt off for years on end knowing their families were languishing at home?
He recalls his earliest days at Bisaasi-teri, when he used to launch the boat and motor out to the middle or the far side of the river to steal an hour’s reprieve from the Yąnomamö’s incessant hectoring. The memory makes him chuckle. You couldn’t have picked a more difficult group to study, he mutters. But how could you have known? Maybe that’s how all—or nearly all—tribal societies are: violent, status-obsessed, revenge-obsessed, misogynist. If you’d known beforehand, would you have chosen some other society to embed yourself in? What might you have thought of the Suya if the coup hadn’t broken out in Brazil and you’d ended up with them?
Dominic stands and waddles his way precariously back toward where his father leans down steering the boat. “Are there piranhas in these rivers?”
“Yes, but I haven’t see any. I hear there are electric eels too, but you don’t run into them much.” No point in telling him about the anacondas, one of which may have taken a child not much younger than him the year before last.
“Dad, how long are we going to stay here? It’s not like what I thought it would be.”
“Oh no, champ. You aren’t ready to leave already, are you?” Lac fells a subterranean grinding under his lungs—a buried genuine version of the hurt he’s feigning on the surface.
“No—I don’t know. I’m just wondering how long we’ll be in this place before it’s time to go home.”
Home, curious concept. Does he mean IVIC or Ann Arbor? “Well, it’s November now. I need to be here to help Dr. Nelson with his team’s genetics research in March, so count with me: December, January, February, March—about four months. Do you think you can handle living here with me that long?”
Dominic doesn’t answer; he looks ahead, past his sister, out over the prow. Lac looks up at the clouds. He thinks he heard rumbling in the sky, mirroring the tectonic grating under his heart, but the motor masked the sound. Time to pull back into the dock anyway.
The gales collide with the outer wall of the hut like men taking turns trying to shoulder the whole thing down. That would be perfect, that or the roof lifting off the damn place, he thinks as he watches the multiple streams of rainwater trickling through the thatch like the bejeweled strands of a beaded curtain in far-flung disarray. The kids are huddled together with their mom along the wall separating the main room from the storage area, with its reinforced supports, the safest spot in the hut. Neither Dominic nor Kara has ever been especially skittish before a storm, or has ever shuddered teary-eyed as it loosed its destructive potential. But this is different. It’s as though the cauldron heat of the jungle conduces to a deeper rage, in both the men inhabiting it and the storms they must endure, and the kids have yet to begin thinking of this mud-walled structure as any kind of sanctuary. They don’t know how sturdy it is—for all they know, it could be like the chairs he’s constantly breaking. Lac himself is confident the walls will withstand the onslaught of battering winds; he has only minor doubts about the roof staying put, remembering all too vividly the huge section of the shabono’s roofing he saw sucked into the air during that first storm he witnessed in Bisaasi-teri.
Wanting to talk, though he’d have to shout to be heard, he considers telling Laura and the kids about that incident but realizes it would only scare them. He glances over at his rucksack, where he’s stuffed the tape recorder, and wonders what he might be able to pick up on it were he to brave the thirty yards to the shabono and enter the plaza. He still hasn’t attempted to record the Yąnomamö’s arguments with the inclement weather. His job for now though is to comfort his children, and his wife. So he stands from the table, where he’s been ostensibly at work on his charts but in reality too preoccupied to do much of anything with them, and steps over to where they’re all three sitting together on a blanket, away from where the leaks have produced slick spots on the formerly dried mud floor.
“These storms whip up a frenzy,” he shouts, “but they usually peter out just about the time you’re convinced the whole forest is going to be uprooted.”
Laura locks eyes with him, giving him a look that sends his goofy smile into cardiac arrest, making it collapse in a rigid heap. His shoulders tingle and his chest feels bored out, like a damned log canoe. The jig is up. It’s time to start thinking about how to get them out of here. Maybe a visit to Padre Sanchez is in order, or a direct radio call from the shortwave Laura bought, to find out from Morello what arrangements can be made and how soon.
But no damn it!
He whips his chin to one side in his frustrated determination, trying to conceal the motion by turning to lean his back against the wall beside his family. He continues holding up pronouncements and stories in his mind, weighing them for their potential to sooth and distract, but none seems right so he remains sitting with them in silence, except for the maelstrom building to a crescendo and then almost hypnotically fizzling out. See, he wants to say, over before it gets too scary.
Just about the moment the clouds are releasing their final drops, three overexcited boys can be heard chatting through the door. They don’t knock. “Shaki,” they call through the curiously hinged wide wooden plank, “let us in so we can kill all your rats before they kill your children.”
Lac catches himself laughing at the joke. “What are they saying?” Laura asks.
“They’re telling me to let them in and they’re bragging about how they’ll kill so many rats they’ll drive them to extinction.” She flashes him that skeptical look that every time convinces him she can tell with certainty whenever he’s lying. He turns and unlatches the door.
“Shaki, that storm nearly ripped open my uncle’s yahi. His enemies’ hekura must be powerful and fierce, but Uncle called to his own hekura and they chased the enemies’ away. My uncle’s must be more powerful than any that ever existed.” Lac translates accurately and Laura’s expression softens. He tells the boys to go on up and get started clearing out the vermin.
“Dad,” Dominic says, “I want to shoot rats with a bow and arrow too.”
“Okay, buddy. Tomorrow we’ll see if we can’t find you a bow so you can start practicing, but it’s too late tonight. You and your sister need to go to bed.”
“But, Dad—how come those kids get to stay up?”
How to explain to him bedtime doesn’t work the same for the Yąnomamö? Lac thinks back to all the times someone from the shabono decided to visit him in the middle of the night—to beg for madohe, to tell him a joke, just to ease some boredom. He sees these same men the next day and marvels at how they manage to look completely fresh, as though they haven’t missed a wink. That the Yąnomamö laze and snooze throughout the afternoon must be part of the trick, though Lac can’t help surmising differences in their brains’ wiring to allow for such erratic schedules.
“Well, Nicky, those kids are a bit older, and if they’re here I imagine their parents gave them special permission”—more like their mothers simply made sure they hadn’t been carried off by jaguars before rolling into their hammocks. “But I’m the one who’s responsible for you—me and your mom—and we say it’s time for bed.” Dominic gives the impression he’s analyzing what his father has said, preparing a rebuttal. Heading it off, Lac says, “Tell you what: we’ll stay up for twenty more minutes so you can go ahead of us and see how those boys are doing. Maybe they’ll show you some archery tricks. Just remember they won’t understand your words, and you won’t understand theirs.” He almost warns him against giving them any pretext for taking revenge of any sort, but decides it’s probably not necessary.
When Lac carries Kara up the ladder twenty-two minutes later—does she still have a fever?—he sees Dominic hiding in the corner nearest the hatch. The other boys meanwhile are crouching in the other corners, peering into the shadows, watching for movement.
“Are they going to stay up here all night?” Laura asks as she climbs through the hatch. Her voice is barely audible, as if she doesn’t quite trust the soundness of the language barrier.
“For a few nights, until they’ve trained the rats to stay away. Then we’ll only have them back on occasion, when the little sons of guns need a reminder.”
She comes over to give him a perfunctory kiss before seeing to the children. Dominic has crawled under his netting and bounced into his hammock without prompting. Laura secures Kara in the wicker cage, close at hand, as she lies down in her own hammock.
“Dad,” Dominic’s voice calls from the freshly darkened troja.
“Yeah, what is it, buddy?”
Dominic lowers his voice to a murmur. “One of the boys said a bad word.”
“How could he have, buddy? They don’t speak our language.”
“It wasn’t in our language, just the bad word. He said something like, ‘Shit a day kew.’”
Lac, along with one of the boys, likely the culprit, breaks into laughter before checking himself. In whispers, he explains how he used to routinely set his hut on fire when trying to ignite his stove. The Yąnomamö picked up on how he blurted “Oh shit!” every time he made the blunder. Eventually, they started prompting him: “Say ‘Oh shit!’” or “Oh shit a da kuu!” whenever he did something clumsy, just to rub it in—also because they get a kick out of how the swearing sets off the missionaries.
“Okay,” Laura says, “that is pretty funny, but let’s lay off the swearing now ourselves, gentlemen.” Lac can hear the smile through the shape of her vowels, but he discerns the tension as well. It’s early days still, he reminds himself; give her some time to acclimate. He worries that his aching shoulder will keep him awake if the giggling boys don’t, but he’s not wondering long before he drifts off.
In the morning, Lac tries to tell whether Laura slept at all; she looks the same as she did yesterday, not good, but he reasons that since he slept as well as he did she must have had plenty of opportunity to do so herself. He only woke a handful of times himself. The boys from the shabono have nothing to show for their vigil, but he sends them home with line and hooks for their trouble anyway. He wants to ask Laura if their standing sentinel all night helped, but he’s reluctant to broach the topic either of rats or lost sleep.
“I’ll work at clearing the grass again today, and maybe as soon as tomorrow we can start hauling in some sand from the river. Chuck should be back again sometime today too.”
“Lachlan, you’re going to get bitten yourself if you keep tromping around in that grass.”
“I’m keeping an eye out, being as careful as I can. What alternative do we have?”
“Honey…” She takes a breath. “Maybe we should ask one of the priest to start arranging for us to go back to Caracas.”
“Did you not sleep again?” Lac asks as his inner organs all sink in unison.
“I slept some this morning. But look at us; we’re booth a mess. Though, honestly, I didn’t know what was keeping you standing back when you landed in Caracas a few weeks ago. I know you have to stay here because you can’t abandon your work. But I need to do what’s best for the kids—we have to do what’s best for Dominic and Kara.”
“Honey, the only regular flights in and out of the territory are from the Esmeralda land strip, six hours downriver. We had to hire a pilot specifically to drop us off at Ocamo. It could be weeks before we can get someone to fly us out.”
“That’s why I’m saying it’s time to start making arrangements. The sooner we can get out the better.”
It’s all Lac can do not to wince. He wants to point out that by the time Laura and the kids are finally getting on the plane they may well be inured enough to the hardships of life in the field to wonder why they ever decided to leave. But he finds himself standing mute, no longer looking at her where she sits at the table, but at the streaked mud floor. She’s right. There’s nothing for her or the kids to do here but struggle to say decently fed, reasonably safe, and adequately rested. The kids will probably be upstairs sleeping for a couple hours more because they lay awake most of the night, as Laura must have.
“You can’t go on doing this to yourself,” she says when she realizes he’s unable to muster any further opposition. “It must be hard enough for you to handle taking care of yourself out here; you don’t need the added burden of worrying about us every minute of the day.”
“You’re not a burden. You’re my family.”
Laura chuckles at this. He lifts his gaze to her fading halfhearted smile. “Come on, Lachlan, honestly, how much sleep have you gotten yourself the past few nights?”
“I’ve gotten some.” Again, a path to persuading her opens in his mind: emphasizing the earliest days are the hardest. He doesn’t step onto it.
“And how much work have you done while you’ve been overseeing this little family camping trip?”
There’s the rub. Clemens can live with his family out here because, when it comes down to it, his job is to lure the Yąnomamö away from their lives toward lives more like his. He lives close to them, but apart. Lac, if he’s to succeed at his own work, needs to move ever closer to the Yąnomamö, away from Western ways and civilized amenities—and he can’t bring his wife and kids into that world with him. Accepting this fact, acquiescing to its blunt reality, feels much worse than any mere failure, resounding though that failure is; it feels like a betrayal, like he’s executing on some judgement against the principle whereby all cultures are essentially compatible, equal, like he may as well be plunging a dagger into the heart of Frans Boas’ ghost. There it is, though. There’s no way he’s moving Laura and Dominic and Kara into the shabono—even if he could persuade Laura to do so. And, as long as he’s working to keep them alive and comfortable in the hut outside the shabono, well, he’s not learning any more about the Yąnomamö and their culture than the damn missionaries ever do.
No matter what he does he can’t live two separate lives at once. And one of those lives he has no business bringing his children into.
The shortwave Laura bought him, the one that was supposed to help the family stay connected to civilization, only picks up a few nearby sources: the Salesian outpost across the Orinoco, the Salesian outpost at Ocamo, and occasionally a military channel, on which only once in several hours did he hear a flight mentioned. When he finally manages to reach someone in Esmeralda, the communication draws out for hours, proceeding in maddening fits and starts.
Squawk… “a few weeks…” Hiss “…plenty of room… Paulo Negro.”
So the next step consists of contacting Padre Morello. This turns out to be much easier, since he knows exactly what times to broadcast. The good padre says he’ll be glad to confirm the details of the flight and do what he can to help Lac and his family reach Esmeralda on the appointed day. When Lac signs off, he realizes this has been the longest he’s spent alone in weeks. He’s hunched over a bench he affixed to the outer wall of the hut, with a tarp awning to block out the searing rays. Sitting back, he waves a hand briskly in front of his face, fanning away the bareto. Ever since he returned to this place, the bugs have been getting worse and worse. The heat has been getting worse and worse. And the Yąnomamö, for the past day and a half, have been getting steadily more obnoxious. He’s tempted to return to Caracas with his family, accompanying them on the flight from Esmeralda to Paulo Negro, ride in the car with them back to the IVIC campus, and start writing up his thesis, leaving well enough alone. He savors every detail of the fantasy—ah, to be sitting on a couch in Ann Arbor with a cold beer in his hand.
The children are not only confined to the hut now; they’re often confined to the inner room, behind the reinforced wall, because people from the shabono have started visiting, pushing their way in, demanding an audience with their great friend Shaki, the purveyor of all things manufactured, a source of comedy and entertainment. Lac normally wouldn’t mind; these visits are opportunities for him to get information, and he’s getting good at plying his subtle tricks for encouraging the visitors to gossip, and then gossip some more. But Laura, the first time the twelve-foot square main room was crowded with Yąnomamö, couldn’t help but notice the condition of their skin.
“They’re covered in sores,” she said horror-stricken. “What if those legions are from something contagious?”
Not only can Lac not bring his family into the world of the shabono, but he can’t protect his family when the world of the shabono comes knocking at his door—or not knocking but rather shouting through to the inside. This is becoming a new source of guilt: each of these tribulations could have been anticipated. He should have expected it all. He should have known. How could he have brought them here, endangering them so unnecessarily? What would Laura say if he translated honestly the men’s requests to take Kara?
Now, at last, their exposure to these dangers has an expiration date. “Three weeks,” Lac says stepping into the hut. “We need to make it three weeks, and then it’s three hours downstream to Ocamo, three more downstream to Esmeralda, and then you and the kids will board a cargo plane heading out of the territory.”
“Three weeks,” she repeats. She looks down and then back up, as though she’s thinking of speaking further, but the words never come.
He knows it’s longer than she hoped.
Lac has his family out in his dugout canoe. He considered leaving Laura in the hut so she could have some time to herself, but he couldn’t be sure she wouldn’t have visitors demanding entry. So he’s rowed her and the kids midway across the Mavaca, rowed because they need to conserve fuel for the upcoming trip to Ocamo. The downside is he has to keep rowing at a grueling pace if he wants to keep the bareto off everybody in the boat. Every time he leans forward to spear at the water with the blade of the oar, cascading globules of sweat flash through the air in the overcast light before smacking onto the damp wood of the canoe’s flooring.
He’s tired. Last night he gave the boys from the shabono flashlights to aid in their hunt, and they devoted most of their vigil to playing with these wondrously enchanted devices, waking either him or Laura too many times to count. The boys did however succeed at last in killing a single rat.
From the river, the jungle is pretty, at points breathtakingly so. Lac can’t exactly paddle Laura and the kids to many such places, but coming out here is a good way to help them decompress and catch their breath. The hut is dank and stifling, the tall grass rife with peril. He’s taken them to the shabono three times now, but each visit has been a trying ordeal. The remaining time before their flight can’t elapse soon enough for Laura—or for him. They’ve decided to travel to Ocamo a few days early, stay on for a while at the compound, run up the balance of favors he owes the good padre.
Winded, Lac tucks the oar inside the gunnel and sits back. Dominic has his own little oar and is trying to steer them by swiveling from one side to the other. He won’t be able to keep them ahead of the bugs for long. Lac drags a forearm across his brow. His profuse sweating bothers him more when his wife and kids are around to see it. He’d love to send them back to civilization with the impression that he is perfectly at home in the jungle, that he can handle whatever the wilderness throws at him—no sweat. But that’s not in his power, no more than it’s in his power to provide acceptable conditions for them to stay on with him over the coming months.
He looks up to the gray sky. More rain during the wet season: they’ll have to hope no storm interferes with their travel plans. He’s wondering again whether he should stay here or leave on the flight from Esmeralda with his family. Laura hasn’t said anything to nudge him in this direction, but he knows how isolated she feels at IVIC. What more can he accomplish out here anyway? Mobaräkäwa has begun opening up. There’s still Mishimishimaböwei-teri to try and reach. And of course he’s promised Dr. Nelson to have everything ready for when his team arrives. If he’s to deliver on this promise, he really shouldn’t even fly to Paulo Negro, because who knows how long it will be before he can get a flight back?
Who knows, for that matter, if he’ll be able to overcome his reluctance to return?
He sighs, slaps a bug on his thigh, and takes up his oar again. Laura is looking forlornly at the shore. He should be talking this over with her. But he decides not to bother her with it now. There’ll be plenty of time for such discussions over the next few weeks.
“I can’t thank you enough, Padre. I don’t know what I was thinking bringing them out here.”
“Ah, my friend, I know exactly what you were thinking—that you didn’t want to be in one place for so long while your family was in another. You’re beating yourself up now for putting them in danger, am I right? But the danger you can see right in front of you is better than the array of dangers you can only imagine. As long as you’re facing your travails together—as long as you’re around to help them—it’s only natural for you to feel better than you would facing them apart.”
Lac turns away to hide the water welling in his eyes. Both Dominic and Kara have fevers again. Laura is a wraith. And he hasn’t slept through the night since they last left this mission outpost weeks ago. He should be getting on the plane with them tomorrow—but he can’t. Oh, to have them back on the IVIC campus, safe and sound, what bliss that would be.
Turning back, Lac wonders if the padre has finally stopped thinking of him as soulless and without conscience, someone capable of resorting to murder for the sake of currying favor with a man for his small measure of bureaucratic pull. He can’t help feeling honored by this elevation in his status, though he still struggles to square the padre’s depraved request with the esteem he’s come to hold him in. Mostly though, he just doesn’t want to think about any of that now.
“You’re right, Padre, the thought that I was abandoning them as I threw myself into my work was eating me alive. I figured I could set them up here and keep them safe—that they’d be safer and better off in general with me watching over them than they would with me essentially lost to them in the godforsaken jungle. It makes no sense, I can admit now, but the intuition was awfully compelling.”
Lac tries to force a laugh but it comes out more like he’s clearing his throat. Whenever he stays at Ocamo, he hangs his hammock in a lean-to close to where he ties his canoe to the dock. Tonight, he lets the padre lead him and his family to a small room with a line of bunk beds. The sheets and mattresses seem utterly divine in their luxuriousness. Somehow, it adds to the weight of his guilt—and then it induces in him a vertiginous sense of dropping away, like he’s in a tight spin, falling sideways, a figure skater on a rink toppling down a cliff.
Collecting himself, he bids the padre goodnight, before turning and lifting an arm to brace himself against the bedpost. Dominic is crawling in the bunk above Laura. Kara is tucked in on the lower bunk he’s using to steady himself. Everyone’s going to bed in silence, as they would if they were in their own separate rooms. It’s only natural, exhausted as they are. Lac feels too dizzy to climb though, so he stands waiting for the vertigo to subside. Two feet solidly planted on the scrubbed concrete foundation, one hand on the post—he’s not falling, not spinning out of control.
Out by the canoe are three baby otters his young Yąnomamö rat hunters discovered a few days ago. Likely, the Malarialogìa workers killed the mother for her pelt, which they would try to sell to Colombians passing through Puerto Ayacucho. His kids fell in love immediately. Lac wanted to strangle the boys for bringing the poor creatures to the hut. They’ll almost certainly be dead before the kids are boarding the plane, he thought.
Miraculously, Laura managed to get all three of them slurping a formula she concocted from the powdered milk. Now here they are, flying out tomorrow, and all three otters are still alive. The plan is to take them aboard the plane in the same cage Kara used for her bed—good, he thinks, wouldn’t want that contraption around as a reminder—and with any luck deliver them safe and healthy to the zoo in Caracas. Lac now desperately wishes for this plan to succeed, for his kids’ sake and for his own. It might be the one fond memory they take through the better part of their lives from this period when their father abandoned them in a strange city so he could go off and live in a stinky hut made of mud while he hung out with a bunch of scary, pushy, whiny, naked people with thick black hair cut into the shape of a bowl. The mere thought of the otters nestling each other in the cage slows the spinning in his head.
“Are you alright, honey?” Laura asks.
“Yes, I’m sorry. I’m just working some things out in my mind. I wish I was going with you tomorrow.”
“I do too. But we talked about this. You can’t afford to be away for long, and we have no way of knowing when you’d be able to get on a flight back into the territory. Plus, we’ve planned everything out to a t. There’ll be a driver waiting when we get to Paulo Negro. We’ll be back in our apartment on the IVIC campus this time tomorrow night—and then the next day we’ll take the otters to the zoo.”
Hearing the familiar reassurances come from her mouth finally makes them sink in. As long as she doesn’t feel like I’m abandoning her again, he thinks, lifting his foot slowly onto the bottom rung of the ladder, then I can believe it when I tell myself I’m not. “You’re right,” he says, rolling onto his back in the top bunk. “But I still have this terrible sense I’m letting you and the kids down somehow. And the worst part is now that you’re not part of what I’m doing here, now that I’m doing it without you, I can’t rightly say I’m doing it for you—which makes me question what the point could be.”
“Your work here was important enough for you to devote a year of your life just to the planning. It’s only to be expected you’d go through periods of doubting yourself when you’re out here for over a year. But think how much you’ve learned. Think of the impact your observations could have on your field. The kids and I have a few more months to get through. I have to say, I’m looking forward to going home, our real home I mean in Michigan. But you don’t want to quit before finishing what you set out to do. Not when you’re this close. And I couldn’t live with myself if I was the reason you cut your stay short. So buck up, honey. Finish your work. We’ll sort out whatever pieces we have to put back together when you’re finally done.”
The otters look up at him with their sleek pointy faces, listless but clear-eyed, huddled together, the most affectionate of creatures, needy of contact with one another’s fur, threading their snouts through the space between one tubular body and the next. Latching the lid, he smiles and then hoists the cage up to hand it off to the uniformed man in the cargo hold.
“Take good care of them,” he says in Spanish; “my kids adore them.”
Laura and Dominic and Kara are already on board, already lost to him, and Lac’s diaphragm has locked in place. As the man latches the door, Lac searches the outside of the plane for defects, as if he knew a damn thing about planes, dread pervading the air around him and seeping into the rigid cavity behind his ribs. They’ll die on this flight, he thinks. No, no, no. You’ve got to stop that. Planes like this fly all over Venezuela—all over the world—every day, and how many crashes do you hear about?
A laugh bubbles up through the middle of a sob knocking loose a single tear that smacks against the crumbling edge of the tarmac. How the hell would you hear about plane crashes in your moldy mud hut on the Mavaca? Looking down at the rapidly vanishing snowflake of his splashed tear, he muses that life in the jungle is mostly about bodily fluids lost to the thirsting earth. He’s being waved away now so he steps mindlessly backward, and then steps again and again. His lungs seize up once more, the judder of cessation lodging in his throat.
His pending solo canoe trip back to Ocamo suddenly seems painfully unfeasible. What will you do then, he poses as the plane lifts off, his heart sinking in time with its ascent, stay here in Esmeralda? One foot in front of the other, ashes to ashes, and all that. Be a man. Perform your duty. My duty? What about my duty to my family? Dust to dust—what you turn into when all your fluids are leeched away by the jungle.
Climbing into the canoe and shoving off, he checks to see if anyone on the shore is watching him leave. Seeing no one, he yanks the string to start the engine, and releases a torrent of water from his eyes onto the already submerged wood between his boots. “Four months, Lac,” he says to himself, sniffling. “Four months and then you begin the process of making it up to them for the rest of your life.”
Continue reading (check back the 1st of February)
Links to chapters (Table of Contents)
You can send any comments or questions about the novel to dennisjamesjunk@gmail.com. (Spammers will be executed.)
Also read some of my nonfiction:
Just Another Piece of Sleaze: The Real Lesson of Robert Borofsky's "Fierce Controversy"
Napoleon Chagnon's Crucible and the Ongoing Epidemic of Moralizing Hysteria in Academia
The World Until Yesterday and the Great Anthropology Divide: Wade Davis's and James C. Scott's Bizarre and Dishonest Reviews of Jared Diamond's Work
Let's Play Kill Your Brother: Fiction as a Moral Dilemma Game
Tagged: Anthropology, Dennis's Fiction, He Borara, Yąnomamö
Older PostThe Reahu at Monou-teri: He Borara Chapter 15
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line2070
|
__label__wiki
| 0.621931
| 0.621931
|
I broke dentist pledge, admits Blair
Tony Blair has acknowledged that the government has failed in its promise to provide access for all to an NHS dentist.
In September 1999 the Prime Minister pledged that within two years everyone would have an NHS dentist no matter where they lived. Eight years later, less than half of the adult population is registered.
After being directly challenged at Prime Minister’s question time by Liberal Democrat MP Mark Hunter, who asked when the promise would be fulfilled, Mr Blair replied: ‘It is and has been a real problem. I entirely accept that.’
But he went on to add that he was powerless to prevent dentists leaving the NHS for the private sector, saying: ‘The reason for it is very simple: even though we have increased the number of NHS dentists, we cannot stop dentists going outside the NHS if they wish to do so.
‘They are entitled to do that and despite the fact that we are paying far more and hiring far more within the NHS, we have not been able to fulfil that pledge. However, the majority of people are actually within their area able to access an NHS dentist if they want to, but that is not 100 per cent, I accept that.
‘It will only be dealt with ultimately by increasing still further the number of NHS dentists and that is what we intend to do.’
A recent Citizens Advice survey found that around two million people in England are unable to get access to an NHS dentist.
Shadow health secretary Andrew Lansley said: ‘The reality is that in many places across the country, people can barely access an NHS dentist at all. ‘In the last year since the new contract, things have got worse not better. We are heading towards a two-tier dentistry unless policies change.’
Liberal Democrat health spokesman Sandra Gidley added: ‘The Prime Minister cannot shirk responsibility for the exodus of dentists from NHS work. It is very much his fault.
‘It was his ill-thought out and rushed dental reforms which have caused so many dentists to opt out of the NHS and which left many dentists with no money to carry out NHS work just a few months ago.
‘Rather than yet more empty promises, we need real action. The government must start listening to dentists’ concerns and introduce more flexibility into the system, so that dentists have the resources to focus on prevention and getting treatment to groups currently missing out on dental care.’
A Health Department spokesperson said: ‘We are turning the corner in improving access to dentistry. However, in some cases, we accept that the change may not be happening as quickly as we would like.
‘As the new arrangements settle down, there is clear evidence that the reforms are beginning to improve access.’
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line2071
|
__label__cc
| 0.55851
| 0.44149
|
Former US Marine Transforms to Beautiful Blonde Woman After Years of Living as a Man
The stunning Sona Avedian reveals that in her past life she is a former US Marine named Matthew who had a wife and child.
Faye Williams
If you run into Sona Avedian, you would have absolutely no idea that she is actually a former US Marine. Then again, that’s not even half of her incredible story. You see, Sona was born male. For most of her life, she lived as Matthew Avedian.
According to Sona, she was only four years old when she realized that her gender identity didn’t conform to the body she was born with. She felt like she didn’t belong in her own body. Sona knew she was female even at that young age. However, Sona’s conservative family didn’t quite know how to deal with her predicament. They didn’t exactly give her their support.
Growing up, Matthew struggled with his secret.
Source: Sona Avedian (Facebook)
In her interview with UK-based news site Independent, Sona recalled,
“I was seven when my mom caught me cross-dressing. Devastated and ashamed, it turned into my deepest, darkest secret for 23 years.”
Matthew was a handsome young US Marine.
Despite feeling conflicted, Sona did her best to be the typical boy and, later, the typical man. To suppress her real identity, she did everything that average males would do — including getting married to a woman named Lucy and becoming a father to a baby girl. In fact, she went beyond that. “I was following the American dream,” she explained.
He bulked up and got hitched.
As Matthew, Sona joined the US Marine and served six combat tours in Iraq and Afghanistan. During this period, she put on a lot of weight and muscle. Matthew was a very intimidating man at 238 pounds.
Finally, in 2012, Sona decided that she could no longer bear to continue living life as Matthew. She told Lucy about it. It was devastating news for Lucy and they got divorced in 2013. Fortunately, they have remained friends for the sake of their daughter.
Here’s how Sona’s look changed in 15 months due to hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
Upon her revelation, Sona’s transformation began. She underwent hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and, later on, surgeries. Her ultimate goal was to look like how she felt inside.
Sona can now smile at her past.
Today, with her transformation complete, Sona declared,
“Personally I’m much happier, I don’t have any conflicts with who I am.”
Sona’s daughter has no recollection of her as “Matthew.”
Best of all, Sona reveals that she has a great relationship with her five-year-old daughter. She told UK-based news site Mirror,
“My daughter and I are awesome, she adores being around me. She only remembers me as a woman and I love how we interact, we are so much alike.”
Sona wants to tell her story to serve as inspiration for other transgenders.
Related Topics:transgender
Woman Walking on the Beach Stumbles Upon Bottle with Man’s Ashes
Judi Glunz Sidney found a most unusual plastic bottle as she was picking up trash along the beach in Florida.
It was the habit of Judi Glunz Sidney — one of the owners of the Glunz Ocean Beach Hotel and Resort in Key Colony Beach, Florida — to pick up any trash that was left on the beachfront. One day, as she was doing this, she picked up a plastic bottle. She was about to put it in the trash bag when she noticed that there appeared to be money and something inside it.
At first, Judi thought that it was just another plastic bottle thrown by careless people. However, upon closer inspection, she saw that there was something that appeared to be sand inside it, as well as some pieces of paper and some money.
Judi and her new "friend."
Pregnant Woman Tells Her Mother She’s Pregnant… Everyday!
Her mother rejoices and claps each time she hears the news.
Pregnancy announcements are always exciting. Remember that viral video when mom-to-be Alexa Goolsby decided to break the news to her parents through a “Whisper Challenge” game? Her dad’s reaction was epic! He was obviously thrilled about the thought of being a grandfather. Also, who could forget about the story of Brianne Dow who surprised her husband through a sweet photoshoot. That was touching, too.
Now the video you will see below isn’t only heartwarming but heartbreaking at the same time. When Christine Stone, 38, learned she was pregnant with her first baby, she naturally wanted to tell her mother about the happy news. The catch here, however, is that Setsuko Harmon, her mother, suffers from Alzheimer’s Disease. So Christine decided she had to let her know about it in a special way -
Setsuko Harmon, 77 years old, is suffering from Alzheimer’s Disease.
Meet “Tree Man”, A BIG Gorgeous Hunk Who Became A Hot Male Obsession Online
Everything about him is BIG.
Justine Chen
The internet will never run out of the next online sensation. Remember cashmeousside girl? Nothing or no one escapes the scrutiny of netizens and tweets and posts start to spread like wildfire, a new “It” girl or guy is born.
Danny Jones, aka Tree Man, is the biggest thing to hit the internet, and we do mean BIG. I mean, just take a look at this guy!
It all started when a Twitter user “la loba” tweeted about Danny, complete with pictures showing how huge he is.
World Health Organization Officially Removes ‘Transgender’ From List of Mental Disorders
Actor Dominic West Wants the Next ‘James Bond’ to be a Transgender
Man Explains Why Miss Universe Should Not Include Transgender Women
Transgender Woman Now In A Relationship With Guy Who Rejected Her When She Was A Man
Transgender Boy Wins Texas Girls’ State Wrestling Championship For The Second Time
Transgender Taxi Driver Wins £4 Million in Lottery and Gets A New Look
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line2075
|
__label__cc
| 0.521481
| 0.478519
|
Longacre Takes 2nd At Bridgewater Invite
Junior Olyvia Longacre seems primed for a big year leading EMU's golf team. (photo by Scott Eyre)
Women's golfer Olyvia Longacre (Telford, Pa./Dock Mennonite Academy) has started her junior season on the same upward trajectory as she finished her sophomore one, taking second place at this weekend's Bridgewater Invitational.
Longacre shot a 77 (+5) on Saturday at Lakeview Golf Course in Harrisonburg, breaking her low round in the process. Sunday's round was cancelled because of rain, leaving Longacre second out of 71 women.
EMU freshman Kierra Zuercher (Canton, Ohio/Lake Center Christian) carded a 109 (+37) to finish 59th in her first collegiate outing.
Christopher Newport's Erica Whitehouse ran away with medalist honors with a 70 (-2).
Entering his third season, Longacre's previous best round was a 78. She was extremely consistent playing Lakeview's Peak and Mountain courses, landing 11 pars and two birdies. Longacre finished in the top 10 in four of her seven tournaments in 2017-18, including all of the spring events. The runner-up medal tied her best collegiate finish.
After also having a one-day outing last weekend cancelled due to Hurricane Florence, the Eastern Mennonite women have one tournament remaining this fall, playing at the Shenandoah Invitational on Oct. 6-7.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line2081
|
__label__wiki
| 0.993656
| 0.993656
|
Beijing unveils Winter Olympics emblems with fanfare
Friday 15 December 2017 - 10:34pm
Emblem for the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games is unveiled during a launch ceremony in Beijing, China December 15, 2017.
BEIJING - China unveiled emblems for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics inspired by Chinese calligraphy on Friday, in a star-studded ceremony featuring songs from actor Jackie Chan and pianist Lang Lang.
The emblem of 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics is unveiled: The official name of the emblem is &39;winter dream&39;. The design of the emblem derives from the Chinese character &39;winter&39; (?). The emblem of the 2022 Beijing Winter Paralympics is also unveiled. The official name is &39;leap&39;. pic.twitter.com/J3Ub087GL9
— Titan Sports Plus (@titan_plus) December 15, 2017
Beijing, which hosted the Olympics in 2008, will become the first city ever to hold both the summer and winter Games as the country looks to burnish its sporting prestige.
At the glitzy ceremony in the Chinese capital, a dramatic drumbeat accompanied the countdown to reveal the Olympics logo: bold brushstrokes of colour resembling the shape of a skier as well as the Chinese character for "winter".
The Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games emblem was similar in design and resembles the Chinese character for "flight" in calligraphy.
"The emblems combine Chinese culture and... the passion, energy and vigour of winter sports, the president of the Beijing 2022 Organizing Committee, Cai Qi, said on stage.
The country of 1.3 billion is home to roughly only six million skiers, but President Xi Jinping hopes that number will rise to 300 million in the coming years as he tries to turn the country into a winter sports powerhouse.
Jackie Chan singing a heartfelt winter ballad for the Beijing Winter Olympics 2022 emblem ceremony.. pic.twitter.com/FlxjQiEURW
— Joanna Chiu ??? (@joannachiu) December 15, 2017
Cai said the Chinese government had to sort through some 4500 entries from designers before choosing the emblems, which are also meant to represent "a pursuit of excellence".
During the show Chan belted out the song, "Wake Up Winter" in English and Mandarin as clips of people playing winter sports played on a giant screen.
The ceremony, which was attended by former Chinese Olympians, took place at the futuristic "Water Cube" -- former site for swimming events at the Beijing 2008 Summer Games.
International Olympics Committee President Thomas Bach said via video message that Beijing is set to "make history" as the first city to host both the summer and the winter Games.
Beijing Winter Olympics 2022 Logo is an amazing concept based one. Kudos to those who conceptualised and created it. --@Olympics @Beijing_2022 @olympicchannel pic.twitter.com/4uVTkl7FBX
— Sreehari (@sreehari) December 15, 2017
Beijing won the bid over only one other contender, Almaty, after other cities backed out over high costs.
China has had great success at the Summer Olympics, but its few Winter Olympics victories have been centred on speed skating.
The Chinese capital has financial muscle and the political determination of a one-party state.
But the country still has scant top-class facilities for outdoor events and only about one metre of snow falls annually in the mountains north of Beijing, where alpine skiing events will be held.
The hosts will employ an elaborate artificial snow-making system, Beijing officials have promised.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line2082
|
__label__cc
| 0.69568
| 0.30432
|
CoE IT Services
College Apps & Databases
Technology Purchases
Tech Center Rooms
Guide to Technology Accessibility
ePortfolio Guidelines
Video Conferencing Tips
Video Recording Tips
Updating Faculty/Staff Bio Information
Mailman Unsubscribe
Canvas LMS
Qualtrics Login
UW Technology Resources
Central IT Support (IT Connect)
College of Education Technology Center
Strategic Plan AY 2019
Yanko Michea, MD, PhD
Director of Information & Learning Technologies
Miller 421B
ymichea@uw.edu
Yanko Michea is the newly appointed Director of Information Technology for the College of Education. In addition to leading technology operations, he works with faculty, staff and students around educational technology, instructional design and innovation to systematically support the college’s educational mission. He is experienced in technology-based academic innovation, gaming/simulation, and analytics. Yanko enjoys working with faculty and welcomes the opportunity of exploring new challenges! If not working, he likes to spend time in diverse activities either outdoors (running, hiking) or indoors cooking or watching movies with his family.
Paul Hanisko
Web & Database Developer
hanisko@uw.edu
Paul Hanisko is the developer of our college databases, shared web-based tools that support our internal business processes. Paul has served multiple roles working with technology and data at UW since 2008. His goal for the college databases is to make our institutional data easy to maintain and accessible so we can make informed decisions efficiently. Paul enjoys playing board games and is getting pretty good at Hive.
Paul Keyes
Web Manager
Miller 421C
pkeyes@uw.edu
Paul has been Web Manager at the College since 2007, and works closely with both the Technology and Communications teams to build and maintain the College’s main website, as well as a number of other sites for Centers and Programs run by College faculty. He’s always happy to talk with members of the College community about web concerns, whether it’s something as small as updating your CV, or rolling out a new site for big research project. He owns too many guitars.
Associate Director of Technology Support
atkin@uw.edu
Ryan is our IT Manager. He has been with the CoE since 2007, and focuses on managing the CoE servers and Help Desk. He graduated from the University of Washington with a Bachelor of Arts and Music in 1998. From there he has both studied and worked in Switzerland, Luxembourg, and Germany, before returning to Seattle. He loves the fast paced nature of technology. Ryan also enjoys home remodeling and playing the french horn.
Mikal Herman
Technology Support Manager
CEL (206) 221-3677
Haring Center (206) 221-4203
mherman@uw.edu
celhelp@uw.edu / CEL support request
eeutech@uw.edu / Haring Center support request
Mikal Herman joined the College of Education in the fall of 2016 after spending 14 years in IT at the UW Bothell campus. He provides technology support to the College’s Center for Educational Leadership and Haring Center as well as working closely with the other Technology Center staff. Mikal enjoys helping those he supports understand and use current and emerging technologies available to them in creative and meaningful ways. Away for work he enjoys being on the water and spending time outdoors with his family.
Erin Riesland
Instructional Technology Support Specialist
erinsage@uw.edu
Erin Riesland joined the Center in the fall of 2017 and brings extensive experience working with University faculty and teachers to create innovative and accessible student-centered learning experiences in Canvas and beyond. In addition to her work in the Technology Center, Erin is a PhD student in LSHD where she researches emerging practices in immersive technologies and is advised by Katie Headrick Taylor.
Claire M Beard
Claire Beard has worked at the IT help desk since the fall of 2018. She is currently studying for a degree in computer science and is minoring in music. Claire spends her free time biking, reading Marvel comics, and playing electric guitar.
Kosuke Kume
Kosuke has worked at the IT help desk since the autumn of 2015. He is currently studying for a degree in public health and wants to work in the field of epidemiology or health policy. Kosuke enjoys watching anime and playing tennis. He is also a fan of Shia LaBeouf and John Cena videos on the internet.
Raphael Kyle Manansala
Raphael started working at the IT help desk in Fall 2017 as a freshmen hoping to study Informatics and wants to work in the field of cybersecurity and software engineering. Raphael enjoys being featured on Snapchat stories and being a UW Campus Story icon. He also loves being a ghost editor for people’s Instagram photos.
Anthony Reynolds
Anthony started working at the IT help desk in Summer 2017 as a sophomore studying Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology. After graduating, Anthony hopes to go on to study infectious disease and to work with international health organizations on researching cures for emerging diseases in underdeveloped countries. In his free time, Anthony writes for a intersectional performance critique group, and enjoys exploring Seattle’s diverse neighborhoods
Kevin Tran
Kevin started working at the IT help desk in Winter 2017 as a freshman studying Applied Computational Math Sciences (ACMS) and intends to double major in Computer Science. After graduating, Kevin hopes to work as a data analyst or a software developer before starting his own organization. In his free time, Kevin volunteers as an educator at his youth group, organizes events with Phi Chi Theta, and manages the UW League of Legends teams.
Support & Reservations
Monday to Friday: 8am-5pm
Help Desk: (206) 221-4693
Email: edhelp@uw.edu
Please take our feedback survey
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line2085
|
__label__cc
| 0.553883
| 0.446117
|
Goals, Gamification and the Future of Financial Services
One thing is clear, as this article title reads: "Future financial services will be built around human behaviour." (link)
Takeaways from the article above:
"CEO of fintech startup Moven, Brett King, said that financial technologies around the world are progressively “removing the friction of [physical] interactions”.
"They are being designed around “low latency contextual experiences” and are personalised to the user based on behavioural patterns and individual needs.
“… the tools you see emerging here are changing people’s behaviour when it comes to savings rather than promoting a savings account.”
“This is an important shift because we’re working on where a value store fits in your life and we’re changing your behaviour rather than using the product as an artefact to encourage savings.”
Spot on. That's the big shift: designing financial products for behaviour change rather than focussing on how to sell homogenous offerings at volume.
Here are two standout examples of these new game-changers:
Image source: https://www.qapital.com/
Qapital (link) secured a $30M financing this year and has behaviour design at its very core. Here's a review (link).
From the link above: Qapital is “a new way to bank designed around people's goals” and “it uses a "Rules" and "Goals" approach to personal banking. Users decide on their Goals – whether they are short-term Savings Goals, like a trip to Hawaii in 2018; long-term Savings Goals, like saving for a dream home; or Spending Goals, such as a target budget for discretionary expenses like coffee or restaurants. Users then decide on Rules for these Goals that are automated.”
https://www.qapital.com/
"Every Qapital feature is designed to help people feel happier about, and more in control of, their money. Qapital uses behavioral economics to design its product to help people achieve real, positive change in their financial behavior."
And then there's the colourful Current (link) making moves into the teen personal banking market. I do think the focus on teens is a sound offering strategy. That allows the product to be designed around more specific behaviours, and to drive more focussed behaviour change and habit creation. I don't know if the experience is goal-driven, and words like 'empowerment' and 'decision-making' sounds intriguing.
Image source: https://current.com
I’m overall not too sure if the messaging is right, as it seems directed towards parents and doesn't address teens directly. “Empowering teens” is not how you address teens, you rather say: “Save for a scooter in months” or something like that.
Meanwhile, "Behavioural modelling and experimentation have allowed workplace relationships specialist, Employsure, to chalk up a 109 per cent uptake in conversions." (link).
"In one example, Employsure focused on a test page promoting the Advice line, highlighting simple offers and generic messaging. After applying behavioural models, the team realised these users were in crisis and were actually viewing the Advice line as an emergency hotline .This data led to a pivot. With language that shifted towards empathy, Employsure was better able to communicate with customers about their fears."
With goal-driven behavioral design, gamification cannot be far behind. I'm surprised Current and Qapital, haven't yet mentioned gamification as an engagement strategy they apply.
Crypotcurreny wallet Jaxx is applying gamification to its user experience. (link)
From the above article:
" ...the 2.0 version of its wallet — dubbed “Jaxx Liberty” — offers a gamified interface to assist newcomers in experiencing the blockchain arena. We believe Jaxx Liberty is a crucial step in this journey, and we hope the platform — designed as an interactive game — will transform the way that everyday consumers interact with and secure their digital wealth. Jaxx Liberty will create wins for everyone. Our partners will have a broader network of engaged individuals, and the more users engage with our partners, the more Unity they can earn.”
Psychology behind Dyson's handheld
Conversational AI, Mesh Networks, and the Art of Listening
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line2089
|
__label__cc
| 0.693252
| 0.306748
|
Matt Gritzmacher
About Matt Gritzmacher
Meanwhile lets just say that we are proud Matt Gritzmacher contributed a whooping 30 entries.
Entries by Matt Gritzmacher
Cyntoia Brown Granted Clemency
7 Jan /0 Comments/in Blog, News /by Matt Gritzmacher
Today, Tennessee Governor Bill Haslam announced he had granted clemency to Cyntoia Brown, who has been serving a life sentence since killing her abuser when she was 16. CFSY Youth Justice Advocate Eric Alexander released the following statement: I am very proud of my home state of Tennessee today after our Governor’s decision to grant […]
Washington State Supreme Court Rules Life Without Parole for Children Unconstitutional
18 Oct /0 Comments/in News /by Matt Gritzmacher
The landmark decision makes Washington the 21st state (plus DC) to ban the sentence, meaning a majority of states now ban or do not use it October 18, 2018, Washington, DC –– Today, the Washington State Supreme Court handed down a decision in State of Washington v. Brian Bassett, in which it ruled that sentencing […]
ICAN members, CFSY staff gather for self-care convening
9 Jul /0 Comments/in Blog /by Matt Gritzmacher
The pilot ICAN self-care and community building convening brought more than a dozen members of the Incarcerated Children’s Advocacy Network (ICAN) together from July 1-3, 2018 at the University of Scranton’s Conference and Retreat Center at Chapman lake to rest and renew, while also developing and deepening personal and professional relationships, and learning strategies to […]
Congressman Bruce Westerman (R-AR) introduces bill to end JLWOP in federal criminal justice system
6 Jun /3 Comments/in Blog, News /by Matt Gritzmacher
The Campaign for the Fair Sentencing of Youth (CFSY) applauds Congressman Bruce Westerman (R-AR) for championing HR 6011, which would end life-without-parole and de facto life sentences for children in the federal criminal justice system and bring the country in line with most of the world in repudiating these draconian sentences for kids. The use […]
Interview with Clint Smith: Racial Injustice and Youth Sentencing
23 May /0 Comments/in Blog /by Matt Gritzmacher
Clint Smith is a prominent writer, teacher, and Harvard Ph.D. candidate. We spoke with him about the ongoing issue of racial injustice and its effects on our criminal justice system and youth sentencing in this country. Here we are in 2018, 50 years after the assassination of Dr. King. Where are we in this moment […]
OKLAHOMA LEGISLATURE PASSES INHUMANE & UNCONSTITUTIONAL YOUTH SENTENCING BILL, COULD BECOME NATIONAL OUTLIER
2 May /0 Comments/in Blog, News /by Matt Gritzmacher
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: May 2, 2018 Media Contact: Karmah Elmusa | kelmusa@fairsentencingofyouth.org | 202-289-4677 ext. 113 OKLAHOMA LEGISLATURE PASSES INHUMANE & UNCONSTITUTIONAL YOUTH SENTENCING BILL, COULD BECOME NATIONAL OUTLIER Law would be the worst among states that have passed legislation following U.S. Supreme Court mandate in Montgomery v. Louisiana May 2, 2018, Washington, DC –– […]
ICAN Profile: Kim Simmons
30 Mar /0 Comments/in Blog /by Matt Gritzmacher
At age 17, Kimberly Simmons was an expectant mother who was charged with first degree felony murder and was later sentenced to serve her the rest of her life in prison. Today, at 47, Kimberly is a free woman who is a member of ICAN, and is discovering what it is like to live as […]
Legal Highlights: Lengthy and 'de facto life' sentences for children
22 Mar /0 Comments/in Blog, News /by Matt Gritzmacher
The first few months of 2018 have seen a number of cases from state appellate courts on issues surrounding juvenile sentencing, many of them addressing lengthy or de facto life without parole sentences. Here are a few highlights from these recent opinions: On March 9th, the Iowa Supreme Court overturned a 25-life sentence for a […]
JLWOP in the 2018 NCAA Tournament Sweet Sixteen
You can’t go much of anywhere in March without finding yourself in a conversation about the NCAA Basketball Championship — better known as ‘March Madness’ — and it’s similarly difficult to spend much time in our office without quickly gaining a handle on JLWOP and other extreme sentences for you in states across the country. […]
From the Desk of the Director: Black History Month
28 Feb /0 Comments/in News /by Matt Gritzmacher
Dear friends, As Black History Month draws to a close, we are particularly mindful of the devastating impact of the “superpredator theory,” a racially biased, scientifically deficient idea suggesting that black teenagers are hyper-criminal. This reactionary premise has shaped a generation of youth sentencing laws and contributed to a climate in which it is socially, […]
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line2090
|
__label__cc
| 0.689467
| 0.310533
|
Going vegan
Dispelling myths about vegan eating
— By Casey Jones
For former pro hockey player Cory Urquhart, a plant-based diet is his key to optimal health, alertness, and happiness.
Urquhart, co-owner and operator of enVie vegan restaurant in Halifax’s north end, says that adopting a vegan diet seven years ago changed him for the better.
“I chose to start eating vegan when I first got a dog; it changed my whole perspective on how I look at animals. I decided to slowly start incorporating non-animal products in my diet.”
Concern for animal welfare is the reason that most people adopt a plant-based diet, suggests a 2016 survey of 726 Australians (1). However this decision for animal welfare is also a healthy one for their human counterparts. The health benefits of vegan eating are numerous: lower risk of heart disease, lower cholesterol levels, lower blood pressure, lower cancer rates and often a lower BMI compared to non-vegans (2).
Tacos from enVie restaurant.
Despite all the health benefits of veganism, many people can be skeptical about this plant-based way of eating. Will I get enough protein? Will I have enough energy? What about going out to eat?
Cory dispelled some myths about vegan eating, and offered us some tips for those deciding to pursue a plant-based lifestyle.
Cory’s reasons to eat vegan:
1. You’ll be more alert and less fatigued
“I have always been a pretty energetic and happy guy, but the big thing I noticed was my alertness, and my fatigue levels went way down,” says Cory. “Once I got into a vegan diet, I never wanted to take naps, I never wanted to sleep in, I always needed to be moving and doing something, to the point where I’d have to stop myself sometimes and force myself to relax.”
On a vegan diet, unfavorable foodstuffs like excessive sugar, preservatives, and processed foods are eliminated. This means that vegans have ample consumption of vitamins, minerals, and fiber compared to some of us omnivores and those that don’t focus on whole food diets. What’s more is that plant-based protein sources are more easily digestible than those from animal meats, which your gut will thank you for.
What’s more is that a vegan or vegetarian diet may change the bacteria that live in your gut, shows a 2012 study (3). Increased amounts of fiber and veggies, and elimination of dairy products in a vegan diet may lead to having a happier gut and improved digestion.
More: A healthy gut makes for a happy athlete
“Now a lot of years later, my body is adapted to it because I don’t fuel myself with these things that make it work overtime to digest and break down, and when I wake up, I’m wide awake, not spending the first few hours like a lot of people do being a zombie and trying to get myself together.”
2. Being vegan doesn’t mean being perfect
Even though Cory is passionate about plant-based diets and animal welfare, he says it’s important to maintain a balance.
“Between running a restaurant and the daily vigorous exercise I do, I usually burn between 4,000-5,000 calories a day, so I’m constantly eating whatever I can get my hands on and drinking as much water as I can to keep me going. I will not say that I am a “perfect" vegan — social outings are hard. If I need to eat something, I will make small sacrifices simply because I know if I don’t eat something, it’s gonna do me more harm than good.”
MORE FANFIT NUTRITION STORIES
3. Myth #1: Will I have low energy on a vegan diet?
No! The American Dietetic Association states that vegetarian and vegan diets are “healthful, nutritionally adequate, and may provide health benefits in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases” (2).
The Cheeseburger at enVie vegan restaurant in Halifax. The patty is made from seitan and textured vegetable protein.
Cory substantiates this by saying “I can promise you, energy is not a problem in my life and anyone I know who eats plant based. You take care of your body, you exercise everyday, you sleep right, and you force yourself mentally to believe you have energy, and you will find that energy. Our bodies are capable of things we never imagine are possible, but that’s because people don’t try them. Push your body to its limits, fuel it the right way, and those limits will keep increasing and you'll achieve more and more.”
4. Myth #2: Will I get enough protein on a vegan diet?
Yes! Eating a variety of plant foods over the course of a day can provide all of the essential amino acids needed in your diet (3). Cory says that this is the most common question that he gets.
“The average person needs around 0.4 grams of protein per pound, and anything a lot more than that is just doing you more harm than good cause your body simply doesn’t need it, unless you are a really high performance strength athlete. It’s all about that figuring out what works for your lifestyle whatever that may be.”
We touched on some of these things in our protein myths article, but Cory gives some great tips from a vegan point of view.
“Plant based proteins have less fat and a lot more fibre, and there’s enough studies and research now that have been done that the world is starting to realize this. Most of mine comes from nuts and beans. I eat a lot of cashews, and I eat an insane amount of tofu. Anyone who knows me knows how much I love tofu, I don’t care how it’s cooked, if it’s cold or hot, anything tofu, is far and away my favourite food. That sounds really cliche probably to someone who isn’t familiar to plant based eating, but it works for me and I will never get tired of it.”
5. It’s easier than you think to eat vegan!
Most of Cory’s time is spent at enVie, so he rarely gets out to do his own grocery shopping. His go-to staple is pasta with olive oil, chilies, and garlic; a carb and fat laden meal that helps energize his busy days.
Thinking about adopting a vegan diet? Cory’s tips are:
“Don’t be scared. Forget what your friends say, educate yourself first and foremost. Buy a simple cookbook if you like to cook at home. People are under this impression it’s harder, but it’s only harder because most people have never tried it, and are scared to step out of their comfort zone. Life is about new challenges and new things, and we all associate so much with eating and food, why not make the next thing you change in your life, the most important thing you do in your life? There’s too much research and proof out there now to think that plant based isn’t beneficial, and it’s the biggest change you can make in your life, and probably the most rewarding for yourself and also for our planet.”
Why most people go vegan
Position of the American Dietetic Association: vegetarian diets
A vegan or vegetarian diet substantially alters the human colonic faecal microbiota
Defining 2018 With Two Words.
.02% Chance To Be Successful
Tagged: vegan, nutrition, Cory urquhart, enVie, diet, healthy eating
Newer Post.02% Chance To Be Successful
Older PostHow shared responsibility can lead to shared success
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line2093
|
__label__wiki
| 0.891791
| 0.891791
|
Euro Lottery
Eurojackpot and euromillions lotteries to play online. Get info of the draw and buy your tickets dor this big Loto Jackpots
El Gordo spanish christmas lottery
Powerball USA
Mega Millions Lottery USA
France Lotto
SuperEnalotto Italy
OZ powerball Australia
Tunderball UK online
Jackpot rollover
How to play Euro Millions lottery?
Playing at Euro Millions is really simple. As a player, you have a game combination that consists out of 5 numbers in a range between 1 to 50 and 2 stars in a range between 1 and 11. The bigger the conformity of the combination, the bigger the chances of winning. The price of a combination is €2,-, players can improve their chance of winning by playing with different combinations. Each extra combination is another €2,-.
Buy a ticket online
Playing Euro Millions will be super easy By following the upcoming steps
Step 1: choose your numbers.
Euro Millions lottery uses a 5 number- and 2 star combination on which people can bet. People can pick their own numbers, in a range from 1 to 50, or let the computer pick them. If the computer does the work it is called Quick Pick. Once a person has chosen his combination he can now fill his form but if a player plays online, he can click the chosen combination on his computer of mobile phone.
Step 2: Take a chance
People can play EuroMillions by buying a form in a shop or on the web. For the web users, there are subscriptions so they do not have to miss a single draw.
Step 3: Keep your ticket
When a person’s combination is registered and his or hers stake is paid, that same person will receive a game ticket. This game ticket contains a players combination and the dates of the participating withdrawals. Keep in mind that the game ticket is essential for getting prize money so do not lose it!
Step 4: Wait for the withdrawal
At this moment, a player simply cannot do a thing. He just have to wait for the 5 number and 2 star combination to roll out of the drawing. How exciting!
Step 5: Looking for the results
The drawing of the Euro Millions jackpot is every Tuesday and Friday night at eleven O’clock on one. If a player has missed the TV drawing, he can still look for them on the net or on teletext. People could also phone Eurofoon on 090022310. One of the most old fashion ways of checking you are a winner is by visiting a shop which sells tickets from the National Lottery.
Step 6: Receive your profit
Dependent of the amount of prize money a player has won, he can go to a local selling point, a regional office of the National lottery.
Euromillions history 2004
Euro Millions tickets first went on sale on 7 February 2004 with the debut Euro Millions draw taking place on Friday 13 February 2004 in Paris. The Euro Millions lottery has grown considerably from the original three organising countries of the UK, France and Spain. Lottery organisers from Austria, Belgium, Ireland, Luxembourg, Portugal, and Switzerland have also joined in the fun and excitement of Euro Millions. The format has changed slightly over the years with the addition of an extra draw each week and extra balls being added to the star number ball set in 2011. The lottery has produced some amazing lottery winners! People can read about some of them in our News archive including Colin and Chris Weir, Cassey Carrington and Dave and Angela Dawes. Many of these winners played their lottery numbers for the Euro Millions lottery online.
Playing the game of Euro Millions is not that hard. Euro Millions lottery players need to select numbers from two different ball sets:
– 5 main numbers are chosen from a pool of 50 possible numbers (1 – 50)
– 2 “star” numbers are chosen from a pool of 11 possible numbers (1 – 11)
When you win Euro Millions jackpot?
A Euro Millions line thus contains a total of 7 numbers.
To win the jackpot a player must match all 7 numbers to the 7 numbers drawn. Organizers use two machines to provide the winning numbers for each draw. “Stresa” which is used to provide the 5 main numbers and “Paquerette” which is used to provide the 2 lucky star numbers. Any person 18 or over may take part in the Euro Millions draw on PlayHugeLottos.com. The game is currently available to players in Austria, Belgium, France, Ireland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, along with syndicated entrants playing via portals such as this one.
Maximum Jackpot 190 million at Euro Lottery
The Euro Millions jackpot cap was revised in 2012 with the maximum jackpot amount possible being set at €190 million. If a jackpot reaches €190 million and rolls over it will not increase. If the jackpot is still not won on the 2nd rollover draw, the jackpot prize will ‘roll down’ and be shared by the next prize tier. Euro Million Superdraws are special events when the Jackpot is set to €100 million (or sometimes €130 million), regardless of the current prize funds.
The most recent Superdraw (at the time of writing) was 6th November 2015. Prior to that there have been Superdraws on average about twice a year for jackpots of either €100 million or €130 million. Under the old rules, if the jackpot was not won then the money was distributed between the winners of the next lower level. (As happened on 28 September 2007) Under the new rules (as of 7 November 2009), if no one wins the Superdraw jackpot it is now rolled over to the next week. (As happened with the 5 February 2010 which rolled over to 12 February 2010 when the €129 million prize was split by two winners).
EuroMillions Lotteries – which one shall I join?
Take part in EuroMillions, the epic, bi-weekly, pan-European lottery that arouses interest around the continent, and globally! Everyone is on the edge of their seat and the prizes are spectacular.
As you probably have noticed, there are four different ways to join the EuroMillions lottery. Sounds confusing? Let us clarify.
Here is the list of the four lotteries and their characteristics:
Austria – EuroMillions:
By buying EuroMillions tickets via our local office in Austria, your participation in the EuroMillions will be guaranteed. The draws take place on Tuesday and Friday. Since there are no additional draws offered, these tickets are moderately cheaper than those of other lotteries.
France – EuroMillions and My Million Draw:
EuroMillions tickets can also be purchased via our local office in France. In addition to the EuroMillions draws, you will automatically take part in the My Million draw, which offers prizes adding up to 1 million euros every draw. EuroMillions draw are held Tuesday and Friday.
Spain – EuroMillions:
EuroMillions ticket purchased via our local office in Spain not only entail partaking in the EuroMillions draw of Tuesday and Friday; they also offer the chance to win the phenomenal amount of 1 million euros in the El Millón draw every Friday. Everyone who has purchases a ticket for the draws on Tuesday and Friday, automatically joins this weekly draw as well.
EuroMillions and UK Millionaire Maker
Tickets for this EuroMillions lottery are also automatically valid for the UK Millionaire Maker draw, which takes place Tuesday as well as Friday. During every draw, two lucky players have the chance of going home with the incredible amount of 1 million pound. Moreover, players have a shot at winning enormous prizes during the Mega Week promotion, every last week of the month. During both the draw on Tuesday and on Friday, a special draw is offered, during which players could be crowned millionaire and go home with a sumptuous lifestyle package.
During these four lotteries, the EuroMillions SuperDraw, and the special EuroMillions Millionaire Maker draws, you have the opportunity to experience the EuroMillions hype. All these lotteries are played in the exact same manner. You pick five regular numbers, plus two Lucky Stars, because you might also take home the 190-million-euro Jackpot!
The most important part is to join EuroMillions lottery. Choose the lottery that appeal to you most and win a prodigious amount of cash in the upcoming EuroMillions draw!
About Euromillions
EuroMillions is a pan-European lottery, launched by the Francaise des Jeux in France and the Loterias y Apuestas del Estado in Spain and Camelot in the United Kingdom on Saturday February 7, 2004. The first draw took place on Friday February 13, 2004 in Paris. The UK, France and Spain were involved initially, but lotteries from Austria, Belgium, Ireland, Luxembourg, Portugal, Switzerland subsequently joined the draw on 8 October 2004.
Draws are held every Friday evening, and take place in Paris. Prizes, aside from the jackpot, are sized according to participation per country.
How to play Euro Millions lotto
In order to play first you have to register or login to your account. After placing your ticket entries you will get the transaction confirmation to your e-mail as well as the results notification after the lottery draw. More informations about how to play you will find in “quick guide” and corresponding subpages in section “how to play”.
Select five main numbers which can be any integer from 1 to 50.
Select two lucky star numbers which can be any integer from 1 to 9.
During the draw, five main and two lucky star numbers are then drawn at random from two draw machines containing numbered balls. The machines containing fifty balls is called Stresa, and the one containing nine is the Paquerette.
Who can play Euro Millions lotto?
Any person 18 or over, may differ in some countries. 16 in the UK.
Notable wins of Euro Millions lotto
On October 8th, 2010 single UK ticket won the EuroMillions pan-European lottery, netting its owner a €129,818,430, the biggest single ticket prize in Euro Millions Lotto.
On May 8th, 2009 single Spanish ticket won the EuroMillions pan-European lottery, netting its owner a cool €126,231,764, one of the biggest single ticket prize in Euro Millions Lotto.
On 31 August 2007, a French guitarist Vaccaro Joseph (alias Jimmy) won (€39 million, USD 29.1 million). He immediately resigned from his job as a statistician at LUXGSM.
On 10 August 2007, Angela Kelly, a 40-year-old former Royal Mail postal administrator from East Kilbride, South Lanarkshire, Scotland, won a EuroMillions jackpot of €52.6 million (?35.4 million). This is the largest lottery win ever in the United Kingdom.
On 31 March 2006, after rolling over six times, the EuroMillions jackpot of €75,753,123 (GBP 56,608,222; $100,175,909) was won by one Belgian man, the second biggest win ever in Belgium, and the third-biggest prize won by a single person.
On 9 February 2007, a Belgian man won the EuroMillions jackpot of €100 million ($132 million or GBP 67.9 million) with a ticket bought in a newspaper shop in Tienen. This is the biggest lottery win in Belgium and the second-biggest individual win in EuroMillions history.
On 31 July 2005, after rolling over nine times, the EuroMillions jackpot of €115 million (GBP 85 million; $152 million) was won on a ticket purchased in Garryowen, Limerick, Ireland. The winner was Dolores McNamara, a 45-year-old mother of six; she remains the biggest individual winner in Euromillions history. She claimed the prize on 4 August 2005 at the Irish National Lottery’s headquarters in Dublin.[5]
On 3 February 2006, after rolling over eleven times, the EuroMillions jackpot of €180 million (GBP 134 million; $238 million) was won by three ticket holders, two in France and one in Portugal. The three winners won €60 million ($79 million) each.[6]
By 17 November 2006, after rolling over eleven times, the EuroMillions jackpot reached €183 million ($241 million or GBP 124 million). No ticket matched all the winning numbers for the twelfth draw, so the jackpot was divided among the twenty tickets that matched five numbers and one lucky star. Each such ticket was worth €9.6 million (GBP 7.1 million, or $12.6 million), i.e., 5% of the jackpot plus the regular match 5 +1 prize. Seven of the twenty tickets were sold in the United Kingdom, four in France, three each in Spain and Portugal, two in Ireland, and one in Belgium.
Wiki Euro Millions & Euro Jackpot
Statistics Euromillions and numbers
Superdraws Euromillions
Millionaire Maker Euromillions UK
Lottery bundle
Difference Eurojackpot and Euromillions
German Lotto
Lottery scams
Answers en questions
About Eurolottery
Icelotto review
Jackpot com review
Thelotter review
Lottosend review
Biggest Eurojackpot winner
Germany is the lucky country of 2016 at the Eurojackpot lottery. In January a German player won 50 million and in March 2016 a German player won the biggest jackpot ever in Germany. The price 76 million was won with the numbers 9, 10, 19, 20, 35 and 3, 4.
European Lottery news
Resident from Groningen lucky winner of the Lotto Jackpot
May has been a wonderful month for a resident of the city of Groningen. A few weeks ago he could name himself as the lucky winner of the Lotto Jackpot. An incredible 5.1 million euros will now be added to his bank account! The event took place during the second draw on ‘Super Saturday’. Lotto always organizes two draws on the last Saturday of the … [Read More...]
EuroMillions Jackpot won by players from UK and Spain
TheLotter celebrates a very successful lottery year in 2017
Guy from Indiana wins Jackpot with Cash 5
Belgian wins 154 million euros in EuroMillions, he still can’t believe it
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line2095
|
__label__wiki
| 0.811425
| 0.811425
|
You are here: Home / Archives for Migrants
Spanish party says pregnant migrants can delay repatriation if they have their babies adopted
March 14, 2019 telegraph Leave a Comment
Spain’s conservative Popular Party (PP) has pledged that pregnant immigrants living in the country illegally will be able to avoid being deported by agreeing to give their baby up for adoption if the party wins April's election. The PP, Spain's main opposition group, has drawn up the maternity plan to boost childbirth in ageing Spain, which includes the proposal to give undocumented migrant women a stay on repatriation if they agree to adoption. The suggestion has sparked fury among rival parties and NGOs. “It’s a racist and fascist barbarity,” said José Ignacio García, spokesman for Podemos in Andalusia, the region where the PP has governed since January in coalition with the liberal Ciudadanos party, supported by the far-Right and anti-immigration Vox. Rafael Simancas, a parliamentary spokeswoman for the governing Socialist party, said the idea was “the cruellest thing we have ever heard”. “Saying to an immigrant: ‘Either you … [Read more...] about Spanish party says pregnant migrants can delay repatriation if they have their babies adopted
News, Telegraph pregnancy test says pregnant, spanish life sayings, vietnam baby adoption, partying sayings, bachelorette party for pregnant bride, baby adoption, texas baby adoption, pregnant where is the baby, 7 weeks pregnant where is the baby located, baby adopter game, spanish sayings, baby 8 weeks pregnant, delayed period not pregnant, how to say washington dc in spanish, how do you say in spanish, delayed menstruation but not pregnant, sayings in spanish, sayings spanish, say 100 in spanish, giving your baby up for adoption, give baby up for adoption, should i give my baby up for adoption, put baby up for adoption, considering giving baby up for adoption, putting baby up for adoption, considering adoption for my baby, how do you put your baby up for adoption, place baby for adoption, lioness adopts baby antelope, Spain, Standard, Fertility, World News, News, Migrants, Europe
Kremlin Seeks Russian-Speaking Migrants to Offset Population Decline
March 14, 2019 themoscowtimes Leave a Comment
The Kremlin plans to attract up to 10 million Russian-speaking migrants in the next six years to reverse the country’s population decline, the business daily Kommersant reported on Thursday. Russia’s population declined to 146.8 million in 2018, official data released on Thursday estimates, its first decrease in 10 years. Migration has been unable to offset natural population losses for the first time since 2008. President Vladimir Putin has prioritized migration policy by signing a plan of action for 2019-2025 and adding migration to the remit of his constitutional rights office. The plan involves granting citizenship to anywhere from 5 to 10 million migrants, Kommersant reported, citing unnamed sources involved in carrying out Putin’s migration policy plan. The Kremlin lists Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Moldova and other post-Soviet states with Russian-speaking populations as so-called “donor countries” where new Russian … [Read more...] about Kremlin Seeks Russian-Speaking Migrants to Offset Population Decline
News syria population decline, cleveland population decline, michigan population decline, california population decline, chicago population decline, amphibian population decline, declining amphibian populations, decline in bee population, migrant population by country, declining bee population, declining world population, migrant population in australia, migrant population in germany, Migration, news
Six migrants who absconded from Initial Reception Centre now back
March 14, 2019 independent Leave a Comment
As of yesterday evening, a total of six of the migrants who had absconded from the Initial Reception Centre in Marsa Monday evening were back at the centre, the Home Affairs Ministry told The Malta Independent. On Tuesday, a government statement was issued stating that 13 migrants had absconded from the centre the night prior. “As per policy they were being assessed for checks and medical clearance. Another two migrants ran away from the Office of the Refugee Commissioner when they were taken to apply for protection,” the statement had read. The police had been informed and a police report was filed on site. This newsroom sent a number of questions to the Home Affairs Ministry, asking for details on whether the migrants were supervised at the time, how many were found, what security measures were in place and how they got around such measures, among other things. The Home Affairs Ministry, in response, explained that the Initial Reception Centre (IRC) is not a detention … [Read more...] about Six migrants who absconded from Initial Reception Centre now back
Stage reception centres, reception centre, lai chi kok reception centre, reception centres melbourne, tourist reception centre srinagar, refugee and migrant centre, migrants rights centre ireland, migrant rights centre ireland, Migrant Resource Centres, migrant workers centre, migrant resource centre, haringey migrant support centre, migrant information centre, hackney migrant centre, migrant rights centre, migrant resource centre adelaide, migrant resource centre launceston, migrant resource centre sydney, migrant resource centre parramatta, migrant centre, refugee and migrant centre wolverhampton
Refugees welcome? Police probe racist attacks on migrant youth centers in Catalonia
March 14, 2019 thelocal Leave a Comment
A group of 25 people with their faces masked "ransacked" the centre in the coastal town of Castelldefels south of Barcelona in the early hours of Sunday and "tried to attack teachers and minors", the regional government of Catalonia said in a statement. Three people were injured -- two teachers and a minor who suffered an anxiety attack, the statement added. Catalan regional police have questioned the injured and witnesses but have not arrested anyone so far, a spokesman for the police force told AFP. Castelldefels city hall downplayed the incident, calling it a fight between migrants from the centre and locals youths, but the Catalan regional government suspect the attack was racially motivated. "We are talking about a very serious incident which has a racist connotation... this is not a simple fight between youths," said the regional social affairs minister who is responsible for immigration, Chakir El Homrani. … [Read more...] about Refugees welcome? Police probe racist attacks on migrant youth centers in Catalonia
Barcelona racist attacks, racist attacks since brexit, racist attack, refugee welcome, refugees welcome, racist attacks uk, refugee welcome zone, amnesty refugees welcome, refugees welcome here, refugees welcome film, refugees welcome madrid, refugees welcome movie, illinois youth center, youth centers, attacks world trade center, oasis youth center, ryse youth center, nelson youth center, slate canyon youth center, detention youth center, allstate center police academy, depaul youth treatment center portland oregon, youth drug treatment centers, burke center for youth, depaul youth treatment center, youth fitness center, probing questions call center, lowell youth treatment center, welcome center pigeon forge tn, refugee center san diego
PP proposes delaying deportation of pregnant migrants who opt for adoption
March 14, 2019 elpais Leave a Comment
The conservative Popular Party (PP) has come up with a policy that would see pregnant undocumented migrants in Spain spared expulsion from the country during their term if they opt to give up their child for adoption. In a controversial proposal for a so-called “support for maternity law,” the opposition party – led by Pablo Casado – has linked together issues of abortion, immigration and economic resources. The PP says that the law would not act as a “shield” for any female immigrants in an irregular situation, and that they would be expelled from the country after giving birth. We need to think about how to have more babies and not about how to have terminations PP leader Pablo Casado In the run up to the April 28 general elections in Spain, PP chief Pablo Casado has stated on a number of occasions that he would like to see the country return to the restrictive legislation on abortion that was passed in 1985, rather than the current laws. … [Read more...] about PP proposes delaying deportation of pregnant migrants who opt for adoption
inenglish israel deports african migrants, 6 days delayed am i pregnant, opt to adopt, how many days delayed to know you are pregnant, delayed period but not pregnant, maximum delay in periods if not pregnant, delayed period not pregnant, delayed menstruation but not pregnant, ashley 16 and pregnant adoption, adopting while pregnant, pp, propose, delay, deportation, migrants, who, opt, adoption, plan, legislation, dub, support, maternity, law, party, be, seek, link, issues, migration, terminations, resources, inenglish
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line2096
|
__label__wiki
| 0.539323
| 0.539323
|
Return to ICAS 11 Website
Browse by Participant Name
ViewAttendees 2
Session Title: Global Localities of Chinese Ceramics I
The Dragoon Vases and Locality of Global Monuments
Tue, 16 Jul, 2019
Location: Kamerlingh Onnes B0.16
Feng He
Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany
While modern scholarship on monumentality in European art began at the start of the twentieth century (Riegl 1903), studies of similar concepts in Chinese contexts are commonly thought to have been absent until the end of the century (Wu 1995). However, German scholars wrote about Chinese monuments in a Western context shortly after Alois Riegl’s seminal work, when Ernst Zimmermann, then director of the Saxon Royal Porcelain Collection, claimed a group of Chinese porcelain in Dresden to be “Monumentalvasen,” or monumental vases (Zimmermann 1913).
How did Chinese porcelains become monuments in Saxony? Building upon previous research, this paper first re-examines the diplomatic exchange of Chinese porcelain in Saxon cavalries as German historical memory, which embedded socio-cultural locality to a group of foreign objects. Delving into the designation of 18 “Dragonnervasen” (Dragoon Vases) that entered the Dresden collection in 1717, I trace the initial transfer of these vases from China to Europe before 1717, and explore the locality attributed to them afterwards. The investigation then moves on to consider their global diaspora (1717–1920) and the social lives of selected pieces in collections worldwide, setting the methodological limits of global locality as an analytical term. Using the Dragoon Vases as case studies, I argue that the global locality of Chinese objects resides in transcultural collective memory and historiographic narrative, which forms the key to understanding monumentality in global history and transcultural studies.
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line2097
|
__label__cc
| 0.534072
| 0.465928
|
{"imported-card-id":"8504f6c7-0b6f-4eb4-94f7-f4a1b0897312","card-share":{"shareable":false}}
The 600bhp faceoff: BMW M5 vs Mercedes-AMG E 63 S vs Audi RS 6 Avant
27 Dec, 2018 at 13:50 PM
With a whole weekend in hands and fuel cards topped up what will auto journos do? Yeah, you guessed it right. Get some mad, mad cars together, burn some rubber and decide which one made it to our Christmas list (only if it ever reached Santa!). For this weekend, we decided to test out the four door 600bhp club of the country. With more pictures of the car drifting around than on a straight line, BMW M5 was the obvious choice. With a price tag of Rs.1.43 crore (ex-showroom), the car boasts a 4.3 litre twin-turbo V8 pushing 591 ponies and 750Nm sent to all four wheels. The next sideway-happy car is the Mercedes-AMG E 63 S. This German hound packs a 3.9 litre twin-turbo V8 with 603bhp and 850Nm of twist to all the four corners. This car will set you back by Rs.1.5 crore (ex-showroom).
The next obvious pick was an Audi. The Performance variant of both the RS 7 and RS 6 now nudge 600 horses, 597bhp to be exact, and while logic would make the RS 7 Performance the logical contender from Ingolstadt in this test of over-endowed Germans, just look at the Avant. Isn’t it super-cool? Aren’t fast estates the shizz? 600 horses in a car that has enough space for not just the wife and kids, but also the dog! Two dogs actually! With an equally menacing 3.9 litre twin-turbo mill with 750Nm and a price tag of Rs.1.65 crore, this estate from Ingolstadt had already won my heart, but that’s not dictating the group test winner.
“Aren’t fast estates the shizz? 600 horses in a car that has enough space for not just the wife and kids, but also the dog! Two dogs actually!”
Power is nothing, without control
Of headlines the BMW M5 has never lacked for. It has had motorsport-derived motors, the most glorious of all being the naturally-aspirated V10. They’ve experimented with an array of gearboxes, the most notorious of which has been clunky SMG auto. When turbos and downsizing came, internet warriors screamed blue bloody murder. But nothing caused the kind of meltdown that all-wheel drive on the F90 M5 was received with. Weirdly nobody had epileptic seizures when the E 63 went 4WD, but a 4WD M5? Nein, nein, nein.
Tell you what, 4WD has made the M5 immeasurably better. None of these cars are what you’d label as the get-in-and-go-fast variety. They’re too quick, too powerful and can get you into serious trouble with a twitch of your right toe. You gradually build up to its full potential, something which M engineers understood long time ago when they installed those trademark M buttons on the steering wheel of the E60 M5, only the double-pressing of which uncorked all 500 or so of the V10’s horses.
Follow us on Instagram to check out more exhilarating content
But there’s no better safety net than 4WD, as Audi have demonstrated time and time again. At times a dull safety net, I admit, but a safety net nevertheless. On our first super-saloon group test five years ago, I remember struggling to keep pace with an S6, in the wet, in the earlier-generation F10 M5. The rains had rendered the roads wet and slippery, and the M5 refused to go anywhere in a straight line. Admittedly those tyres were not in the best of shape but still the ESP light flickered more vigorously than Beyonce’s hips. The M5 was great fun in the dry, practically useless in the wet.
The lord of oversteer, the BMW M5
How things have changed! The big question is whether 4WD has dulled its responses, made it understeery, taken away the emotion that has kept the M5 at the top of the super-saloon class over five generations and 35 years. The one word answer is no. No, the M5 has not lost any of its playfulness. M Division’s xDrive system defaults to rear-wheel drive and only when required is torque sent to the fronts, the transition from RWD to 4WD being imperceptible. For the most part, the M5 is and feels rear-driven, the active M differential on the rear axle switching from fully open to fully closed in a blink, sending more power to the outside rear wheel and torque-vectoring it out of corners in a well-controlled drift. It feels like a proper BMW, the 4WD kicking in only to cure instabilities arising from too much power being fed to the rear axle. There’s even an additional chassis brain that talks to all the computers including the stability control and active dampers to make the M5 not just playful and driver-focused but far, far faster.
“When you do launch control runs, oh boy, the g-forces leave an imprint of your head in the headrest. 0-100kmph takes 3.4 seconds. That is supercar territory!”
Gassing it out of hairpins is when you realise there is 4WD at work. Unlike in the past when the rear would try to overtake the front or the ESP triangle would blind you with its yellow flashes, this new M5 gnaws into the tarmac and fires out. On the highway giving it a boot full of revs just launches it towards the horizon without a pause for the rear to slip, slide and then grip. And when you do launch control runs, oh boy, the g-forces leave an imprint of your head in the headrest. 0-100kmph takes 3.4 seconds. That is supercar territory! This is a four-door saloon that will hassle Ferraris and Porsches!
One ludicrous drifter it is!
And now to the two, beautiful buttons marked ‘M1’ and ‘M2’. Standing proud of the steering wheel boss these red buttons can be individually programmed – we set M1 to (very) sporty and M2 to (very) scary. It might sound gimmicky but the M5 is endlessly programmable – engine response, shift speed and intensity, suspension stiffness, steering weight, stability control leeway, exhaust sounds piped through the speakers and, new to the mix, how you want the 4WD to behave. Or not behave at all!
BMW doesn’t call it Drift Mode but there’s no reason to switch the M5 into 2WD mode other than to drift and destroy the tyres. After all 2WD mode is only available with stability control fully switched off and with 750Nm of torque (750Nm!!!) getting the backside to misbehave is ridiculously easy. Just step on it and the tyres spin up – controlling it needs a bit of skill with the ’wheel but you don’t need to be Gaurav Gill to keep it sideways and smoking. The angles you can get the M5 into are ludicrous! As a drift machine the M5 is mad!
If you’re paying for your own tyres then you will be more interested in the 4WD Sport mode. The active differential works beautifully here, delivering superb poise and stability and allied with M Dynamic Mode that slackens the ESP net, the M5 accelerates beautifully out of corners, a hint of opposite lock, mega poise and balance, and shocking exit speeds. This is so fast it is on a different planet to its predecessor. The xDrive system is all the stability control you will ever need.
The German hot rod
AMGs have always been hot rods. Stiffer, harder, noisier and more lairy, AMGs have been more of a handful than their M rivals, and more hilarious. And on paper the E 63 S AMG should be more of the same. This is the S and so it gets 10 more horses but more to the point a full 100Nm more of torque. It doesn’t make any difference to the 0-100kmph acceleration times, 3.4 seconds being the same as the M5 and – more eye-poppingly – faster than the Beast of the Green Hell, the AMG GT R. I guess 3.4 seconds is the limit of mechanical and tyre grip. Where it does make a difference is in the immediacy. Not that you can feel any turbo lag or lack of responsiveness in the M5, far from it, but the E 63 S AMG feels that wee bit madder. Wee bit scarier. And sounds a whole lot better.
The M5 pipes its sounds through the speakers and, no matter how good the musicians in the studio, they just cannot match the AMGs (natural) sound track. Sure the M5 in Sport+ mode and manual on the gearbox pops and crackles exuberantly but the AMG just sounds better. Angrier, more evocative, more powerful and more involving. The first time we drove it a few months ago, our filmmaker Alameen likened the E 63 S to the evening of Diwali in Delhi. The AMG gets under your skin and makes you a child all over again.
Choosing a scalpel to slaughter
That’s not its only party trick. The AMG too can disconnect drive to the front axle, here appropriately named Drift Mode, and with 850Nm (good god!) the rear tyres are like lambs to the slaughter. This is not a scientific judgement of a car’s dynamic ability but I found it easier to drift AMG, I could place the oversteering E 63 S with more precision, and I was more confident of flicking it from side to side without having to worry about the drops. What I did like about the M5 was that in 2WD mode you could still keep the suspension in Comfort or the gearbox in Auto; the E 63’s Drift Mode (a headache to activate and no shortcuts buttons either) is only accessible in Race Mode with manual on the gearbox and full-hard on every adjustable parameter. And when you cross 120kmph, drive to the front axle kicks in to, well, I can see no downside to the added speed that 4WD allows you to carry.
“AMG too can disconnect drive to the front axle, here appropriately named Drift Mode, and with 850Nm (good god!) the rear tyres are like lambs to the slaughter”
Just like the E 63 is a wee bit better to drift so too the M5 is a wee bit comfier and relaxed when you’re not busy increasing the stock price of the tyre companies. And with this the AMG being based on the regular wheelbase E-Class the M5 doesn’t lose out on leg room.
Bizarrely, for all that power, both the E 63 and M5 can be used as daily drivers. And with both nudging the two crore rupee mark once all taxes are paid you expect, and do get, beautiful cabins. The M5’s is more overtly sporty with those red M1 and M2 buttons staring you in the face, the E’s is more expensive feeling with the IWC clock and acres of carbonfibre, not to mention flat-bottomed steering wheel. It’s two different philosophies on display, motorsport on the M5, hot rod on the AMG.
Audi RS 6 Avant, the tarmac shredding family estate
Have AMG and M copied Audi’s go-faster Quattro division? In concept, yes. In execution, not quite. There are no buttons you can prod to non-quattro the RS 6. It is not interested in reducing your life expectancy or, outright, killing you. You can switch off ESP and a committed driving style will get it exuberantly sideways but that happens at very high speeds and never with the precision of the rear-driven rivals. You can’t bonfire the rear tyres. Sideways on the road is asking for a race driver to be installed in the driver’s seat and brave pills to be administered.
But it’s only us journalists who keep banging this sideways drum. I highly doubt owners, apart from at the occasional track day, will subject their cars to such tyre-torture. Oh they will want a mad turn of speed and on that front the RS 6 Performance delivers. Two tenths are shaved off the regular RS 6’s time and 100kmph now takes 3.7 seconds. It’s three-tenths off the AMG and M but in the real world you will never notice it as your breath is pushed right out of your lungs.
“The Performance has such hardcore performance that the RS 6 doesn’t even need launch control. And round bends it grips so hard the g forces actually hurt your neck”
The Performance has such hardcore performance that the RS 6 doesn’t even need launch control. And round bends it grips so hard the g forces actually hurt your neck. It’s hard to say this without actual measurement but I think the RS 6 Performance carries more cornering pace than the other two. What it lacks is the delicacy and playfulness of the other two, even in their 4WD modes, and that’s despite the sport differential nudging the tail out and into four-wheel drifts.
What verdict?
Ultimately choosing between the three is splitting hairs. If you want to stand out from the crowd then there’s nothing cooler than the RS 6 Avant Performance. My hat will be doffed and my full respect will be proffered if I see you rolling up in a fast estate. I won’t even point out that the RS is the oldest in this lot and, in consequence, its rivals are more sophisticated, have more bells and whistles, and are endowed with mightier motors. I will shake your hand, admire your wheels and save your number.
As for the BMW or the AMG, oh it’s just too close to call. Both are sports cars in 4-door clothing. Their breadth of ability is Himalayan. Both are gods in the temple of power oversteer. Thanks to their brilliant four-wheel drive trickery, both are able to garner mind-boggling pace on twisty roads and epic corner exit speeds. The M5 is easier at the limit, sweeter, and offers greater rewards for extra commitment. It is for the M for Motorsport guy. But the E 63 S AMG just feels more authentic, more alive. It is angrier and more extrovert when you’re in the mood for it. A touch madder. And a touch more playful. I’m that kinda guy.
featuredBMWMercedesamgAudi Quattrotwin turboAudi IndiaBMW M5driftE63 AMG
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line2098
|
__label__wiki
| 0.639385
| 0.639385
|
From Student Loans To Home Loans: Startup Lender Earnest Eyes Millennials' Financial Decisions
Elizabeth Harris Contributor
I focus on the psychology of money and financial decisionmaking.
(Photo by Drew Angerer/Getty Images)
Like many aspiring house-hunters, Gian Gonzaga and his wife saved gobs of money as they prepared to buy their first home. If you could have peeked into their bank accounts at the time, you might have spotted telling signs suggesting: “You look like you’re saving for a house,” Gonzaga recalls.
Gonzaga, chief data officer at the lending startup Earnest, has spent his career thinking about how people make choices, from earlier stints at the dating website eHarmony and the media company Netflix, to his current role looking at financial decision-making at Earnest. And he believes Earnest, which began as a refinancer of student loan debt, is in a unique position to know when its largely millennial customers are gearing up for a big financial choice by reading signals from their accounts, much as his own once indicated an intention to buy a home.
“The data allows us to say, ‘Hey, what are our clients spending on,’” Gonzaga says.
The potential of that massive millennial market is catnip for most companies eager to reach young customers and retain them as their resources grow. And Earnest could benefit from its unusual perspective of knowing when its borrowers are getting wealthier. Earnest, which had completed $1 billion in refinanced student loans through October since starting its program two years ago, can watch its borrowers’ assets change thanks to its business model which collects wide asset data and account information in attempt to better gauge borrower risk, then tracks those accounts over time. The company uses between 80,000 and 100,000 data points to underwrite the loans, including reviewing assets in lending decisions, as well as verifying income automatically, Gonzaga says.
So what are those accounts telling them? Not surprisingly, many of Earnest’s 20- and 30-something customers (the average age is late-20s-to-mid 30s with an average refinancing loan size of $70,000, according to the company) are starting new chapters in their lives. In an aim to reflect interest in new goals — and in a blatant marketing push — Earnest began publishing an online guide this month featuring research from the increasingly trendy field of behavioral economics.
Gonzaga, who holds a Ph.D. in psychology, says he has held a longtime fascination in one of the core tenets of the field: how people make tradeoffs between the short- and long-term — something that applies to both love and money. “My specific area was emotion,” he says. “How emotion affects choices.”
The new guide zeroes in on “big steps that are relevant for the generation that is in their 20s and 30s,” he says such as moving to a new city, buying a home or going to grad school. Articles delve in detail into cognitive biases like the tendency to focus overly on the present or the likelihood of becoming paralyzed when confronted by too much choice. The online guide will likely be followed by more targeted financial products in the future that will address their customer’s expanding financial needs, Gonzaga says.
“The truism is the more money you have the more financial products you need,” Gonzaga says.
Already, Earnest started underwriting personal loans and though Gonzaga declined to specify what other products the firm is eyeing he described an aim to establish itself over time as a “lifetime partner.”
It’s a smart move, especially given the company’s inroads with young people. Even if marketers regard millennials as a generation marked by different desires from prior ones, chances are their financial needs will resemble those of their elders. Despite the much-hyped gaps between millennials and everyone who has come before, there are only so many possible variations on mortgages, mutual funds and life insurance out there. At least for now.
Like you, I’m fascinated by the psychology of money and why people make the financial decisions that they do. For more than a decade, I’ve written about the topic—and ma...
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line2109
|
__label__wiki
| 0.580084
| 0.580084
|
Forest Focus
Tree Life
Yes I Wood
Chrystelle Carroy Chrystelle Carroy" itemprop="name">
2016, the Year of all Negotiations for the ONF
2016 is a crucial year for the French Forests Office (ONF). The ONF is preparing the next five years. To do this, it has to negotiate with all the parties involved.
The newly signed goals and performance contract (GPC) 2016-2020 is just another beginning for the French Forests Office (ONF). This roadmap, which binds the State, the ONF and the National Federation of Forest Municipalities (FNCOFOR), was adopted by the ONF board of directors on December 17, 2015. It still has to be signed by the supervising Ministers and by the FNCOFOR.
Following a year marked by lengthy negotiations, the ONF is now preparing for a series of discussions as well as contracting with relevant stakeholders, including those who voted against the GPC.
With the staff representatives
“We have opened negotiations within the meaning of the Labour Code with 10 trade unions out of 11”, said Christian Dubreuil, CEO of the ONF, during his greetings to the press, January 12, 2016. The Snupfen voted against the COP. The trade union is also boycotting current 2016 discussions.
The COP 2016-2020 relies on the stabilisation of the workforce, while it previously eroded. The ONF plans to increase its staff of 9,113 to 9,313 between 2015 and 2020. But this overall objective gives an increasing share to assisted jobs, which will double to 551 in 2020. In the meantime, civil servants, contract agents and workmen would see their ranks lose 100 jobs, to settle at 8,762 full-time equivalents in 2020.
However, Christian Dubreuil considers these developments as a way to “achieve a generational change, in the light of the ageing of our workforce”.
With environmental associations
France Nature Environment (FNE) also voted against the GPC 2016-2020. The federation of environmental NGOs views this five-year contract as “an environmentally-limited ambition that does not reflect what the public forest management is”.
In the eyes of the ONF director, this “no” is “a disappointment and a surprise”. But not a breaking off: “We will maintain a high level of collaboration with FNE”, he says.
With local authorities
On the local authorities’ side, the timber resources have emerged as an item for discussion. The GPC sets a target of 15 million m3 of timber sales in 2020:
-including 8.5 million m3 from the community forests;
- and 6.5 million m3 from State-owned forests.
The year 2016 should see the updating of the Forest Charter, as well as the assessment of a community forests grouping scenario, and the conclusion of a memorandum of understanding for the marketing of public forests timber involving the ONF, the FNCOFOR and the French Federation of Timber (FNB).
Furthermore, the national plan for forest and timber is to be finalised in the coming weeks and will have to be implemented on the local level.
With the upstream and downstream sector
Contracting also applies to downstream sector and trade organisations. Christian Dubreuil explains:
“We, producers, must ensure [the presence of] transformers. And our users need to secure their supply, especially to invest. Hence the objective of better contractual relations.”
In this context, the ONF wants to see increased sales of cut wood. Payment deadlines for wood remain a pending issue, to be discussed with the FNB.
In addition, the ONF plans to develop partnerships with Water Agencies and conclude an agreement with the future French Agency for Biodiversity “in the year following its creation”.
In doing so, the public institution must also reduce its debt.
Chrystelle Carroy/Forestopic
France Timber Community forests
The dream city? A Urban Forest!
A Vade Mecum for the 21st Century Tropical Forest
Five Challenges Facing the French Forest-Based Sector by 2026
Public Forests Roadmap Signed by Gov., without Consensus
A long way to FSC certification in the Paris region forests
Community forests FLEGT Action Plan Timber Agroforestry Tropical forest Koz Architectes Ash tree
Paris Region Green Spaces Get New Chairwoman
Mix Public and Private Forests (Le Foll)
France: The Fate of the Forest Scrutinized by Senate
Nous utilisons des cookies pour vous garantir la meilleure expérience sur notre site. En naviguant sur ce site, vous acceptez leur utilisation.J’ai compris En savoir plus
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line2111
|
__label__wiki
| 0.770709
| 0.770709
|
Goldman Posts Surprise Rise in Earnings
By Liz Hoffman and Peter Rudegeair Published October 17, 2017 FeaturesDow Jones Newswires
Goldman Sachs Group Inc. said its third-quarter profit rose to $2.13 billion, beating analyst expectations despite a slowdown in its core business of trading.
The Wall Street firm reported earnings of $5.02 a share. Revenue of $8.33 billion was up from $8.17 billion a year ago and beat analyst expectations of $7.54 billion.
Analysts had expected earnings of $4.17 a share, down from $4.88 a year ago. Goldman was the only big U.S. bank analysts thought would make less money than it did a year ago, largely because it lacks the big lending and consumer businesses that have buoyed larger rivals this earnings season.
Even with its recent forays into lending, the firm run by Chief Executive Lloyd Blankfein still makes most of its money arranging big, complex trades and deals for corporate and institutional clients. Demand for those services has been slowing.
Rivals including J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. and Citigroup Inc. also reported declines in trading businesses last week, but they were offset by gains in other businesses such as commercial lending and credit cards.
Goldman's return on equity, a key measure of how profitably it invests shareholders' money, stood at 10.9% in the quarter.
Last month, Goldman laid out a plan to revive its core trading arm and add $4 billion of revenue in other business, in large part by focusing on lending.
Write to Liz Hoffman at liz.hoffman@wsj.com and Peter Rudegeair at Peter.Rudegeair@wsj.com
(END) Dow Jones Newswires
October 17, 2017 07:59 ET (11:59 GMT)
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line2112
|
__label__cc
| 0.521399
| 0.478601
|
Researchers get under the skin of lice resistance
Scientists from the Roslin Institute have been involved in the study of salmon skin genetics. Photo: University of Edinburgh
Work by scientists in Scotland and Chile has identified genetic responses that may help breed salmon that are more resistant to sea lice.
The researchers from Edinburgh University’s Roslin Institute and the University of Chile in Santiago used RNA sequencing to study the skin transcriptome – the sum total of messenger molecules expressed - of Atlantic salmon parasitised with southern hemisphere louse Caligus rogercresseyi.
In the experiment, 2,668 Atlantic salmon pre-smolts with an average weight of 136g from 104 families from the breeding population of AquaInnovo (Salmones Chaicas, Xth Region, Chile), were challenged with the lice.
Varying resistance
Lice infestation was carried out by using 13–24 copepodids per fish and stopping the water flow for six hours after infestation. Eight days after the infestation fish were euthanised and fins from each fish were collected and fixed for processing and lice counting. 42 samples from 21 fish from six different families (2-5 fish per family) were selected for RNA sequencing based on the number of sea lice attached to their fins and growth during challenge.
In a paper on the project, the researchers say the overall aims were to compare the transcriptomic profile of skin at louse attachment sites and “healthy” skin, and to assess differences in gene expression response between animals with varying levels of resistance to the parasite.
Fish were classified into family-balanced groups according to the traits of resistance (high vs. low lice count), and growth during infestation.
Overall comparison of skin from louse attachment sites vs. healthy skin showed that 4,355 genes were differentially expressed. Comparison between resistant and susceptible fish highlighted expression differences in several immune response and pattern recognition genes, and also myogenic and iron availability factors.
In conclusion, the authors say the study contributes to an improved understanding of Atlantic salmon early response to sea lice in skin, and into the gene expression profiles underpinning genetic resistance to sea lice in salmon.
They add that the identified pathways and genes may be targets for future studies aimed at development of new treatments, vaccines, or prevention strategies. The data can also be cross-referenced with high power genome-wide association studies to help prioritise putative causative genes and variants that have potential to improve genomic selection programs for genetic improvement of resistance to lice.
The full article, Gene Expression Response to Sea Lice in Atlantic Salmon Skin: RNA Sequencing Comparison Between Resistant and Susceptible Animals, is published in Frontiers in Genetics and can be read here.
The authors of the work are Diego Robledo, Alejandro P Gutiérrez, Agustín Barría, José M Yáñez and Ross Houston.
Salmon Lice Roslin Chile Genetics
|
cc/2019-30/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line2113
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.