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__label__wiki	0.615628	0.615628	apps book brain Education Facts game jobs life technology Top 9 Most Interesting Team Building Motivation Games July 30, 2018 0 Comment Countries, facts, famous people, game, jobs, life, world I found these motivation games for you. These games really great if you are at the office and need to unwind for a few minutes. They are very educational, challenging and fun too. It is also a good way to conquer that stress. #1. Egg Drop Egg Drop is a classic team building game that… 2018 barcelona Facts FIFA 2018 football Heroes World Cup 2018 Belgium Team 9 Facts That You Have To Know July 3, 2018 0 Comment Euro 2016, facts, famous people, FIFA 2018, football, game, life, world For the first time in World Cup history, the first 27 games of the tournament all featured goals. Romelu Lukaku, with four goals, became Belgium’s top scorer at a World Cup but was taken off after an hour before he had a chance to complete his hat-trick. His departure prompted speculation that he might be rested for the… baby bedroom brain Childbirth Childhood Facts life love 9 Easy Ways to Stimulate a Baby’s Mind and Body February 13, 2017 0 Comment baby, brain, child, Childbirth, Childhood, family, game, life, love At birth, your baby's brain contains 100 billion neurons. During his first years, he will grow trillions of brain-cell connections, called neural synapses. New parents obsess over ways to keep their little ones entertained and edified. But when everything in the world is new to them, it might be easier than you think to get… apps creative dangerous designes Facts game TV Last 9 Best Games You Have To Know About September 29, 2016 2 Comments Apps, Countries, creative, facts, film, game, hollywood, playstation, trends, world The titles produced by the video game industry over the last five years are as diverse and stratified as any other period in the medium's history. With the seventh generation of gaming rapidly coming to a close, the titles that marked the tail end of this era have been some of the most thematically complex… 2016 2017 Android apps business cars Android Nougat, Google Nexus: 9 Facts You Must to Know August 23, 2016 0 Comment 2016, android, Apps, creative, facts, game, life, photos, places, world Google has released the seventh version of its Android mobile operating system, named Nougat. The new software includes tweaks that Google says will improve battery life, allow users more options for customising the phone, and improve productivity. After a long time of speculation on the official name of Android Nougat, and after Google threw the doors… Incredible Facts About PlayStation February 17, 2016 2 Comments entertainment, game, playstation, sony The PlayStation (officially abbreviated as PS and more commonly known as PS1) is a 32-bit video game console released by Sony Computer Entertainment. The console was released in Japan on December 3, 1994, and was released in North America and Europe in September 1995. #1. Sony rejected dozens of designs before settling on the iconic…	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line13
__label__cc	0.580067	0.419933	[FREE IRAN Project] In The Spirit Of Cyrus The Great Views expressed here are not necessarily the views & opinions of ActivistChat.com. Comments are unmoderated. Abusive remarks may be deleted. ActivistChat.com retains the rights to all content/IP info in in this forum and may re-post content elsewhere. What is in it for Iranian people?! [FREE IRAN Project] In The Spirit Of Cyrus The Great Forum Index -> News Briefs & Discussion Toofaan Posted: Fri May 25, 2007 9:03 am Post subject: What is in it for Iranian people?! Relations between Islamic Republic and United States What is in it for ordinary Iranian people? Once again talks about negotiation between Islamic government of Iran and American leadership have become a hot topic in both countries. Leaders of Islamic Republic, as always, are issuing all kinds of mixed messages through promises of helping Americans in Iraq and willingness to negotiate and also repeating same old rhetoric on issues like nuclear activities and presence of American troops in Persian Gulf region. From the other side, American policy makers have been tangled in a power struggle since last congressional election which has greatly influenced their ability to deal with non domestic issues. Leaders of Islamic regime in Iran appear to believe that this divide among elements in American leadership is in their interest and openly try to capitalize on that in order to find a support in American government for trouble free extension of their system. This is not the first time and the only instance that, despite all rhetorical slogans in every Friday prayer, Islamic regime has made attempt to get closer to Americans. Islamic Republic government has spent hundreds of millions of dollars since more than a decade ago through institutions which were inherited from previous system in order to buy "friendship" of some Americans who show interest in getting close to Islamic regime of Iran. Formation of institutions like AIC (American Iranian Council) with sponsorship and support of well known and influential figures and corporations in America about 10 years ago, to encourage "dialogue" between leaders of Islamic regime and United States, has been one of the methods that have been tried in this direction with help of some Iranian elements. It is obvious that those who were involved in creation of this organization could not have come up with the idea overnight and having corporations like Shell, Chevron and Exxon on their side to "encourage dialogue" with oil rich Iran is a clear indication that no charity work is involved either! There is no doubt that "dialogue" in order to resolve an issue is the best option depending on how dialogue is to be handled and by whom. The issue is that "what problems" can be resolved through dialogue between American government and Islamic Republic regime of Iran which have not been resolved so far? Will this resolution have interests of Iranian people as a nation included or just a certain portion of society will benefit from it? There is no question that friendly relation between the two nations have a lot of advantages for both under proper circumstances but let�s see who benefited from "dialogue" and resolution of issues between Islamic government of Iran and others like European governments? Have the friendly relations between Islamic Republic regime in Iran and European governments, Japan and Russia along with their generous contracts with European and Russian companies had any positive effect inside Iran as far as conditions of economy and human rights for the public? A glance into the day to day events in Iran shows the Islamic regime is always busy with brutal suppression of any kind of objections from working groups like, teachers, public transportation drivers and labors and also students in the name of "national security" and the answer to the above question is definitely "NO"! Despite constant increase in revenue of the Islamic government particularly from oil and gas sector, the quality of living for majority of Iranian population has been in decline and extreme poverty has resulted in opportunities for some disgraceful type of businesses to boom. This makes one wonder if "friendly" business relations of Islamic Republic with all western nations (except United States) and the rest of the world, has not helped to improve the quality of life for people of Iran in the past decades then how the friendly relations with American government and American oil corporations will be helpful to them? The scandals of bribery with French and Belgian corporations in which associates of high ranking members of Islamic regime�s leadership were implicated is tip of the iceberg on how the business is conducted in Islamic Republic government. Coming of American corporations to Iran under current system will never help anyone but Islamic regime leaders and those who lobby for their own share from this big pie while majority of Iranian people who were robbed of their prosperity by this corrupt regime continue their struggle with poverty and suffer from extreme human right abuses under this brutal and barbaric system. Islamic government of Iran that has never shown any respect for humane values, by clinging to Islamic ideology as an excuse, has made it very clear through unorthodox behavior that it will not hold back of doing anything to protect itself against the will of Iranian people even if it is making a deal with devil himself! Flood of petrodollars during the years after end of Iran-Iraq war has provided Islamic republic leaders with a big leverage to influence the affairs in the region and also attract many Iranians outside the country to work for the interests of their system. In a world that well reputed magazines and news paper sell their columns and pages to be filled with any kind of material that money can buy, lobbying for Islamic republic has become a very profitable business. Not surprisingly, some of highly educated Iranians have become actively involved in order to make it to the list of rich and famous, fast and with easy money! Interestingly enough, Dr. Amirahmadi, a well known figure in one of these lobbying groups, in his website declares the source of all problems of Iranian society to be "lack of vision and leadership" while listing giant corporations like Shell, Exxon and Chevron as a sponsors of his lobby group to encourage "dialogue" with Islamic government in Iran! Apparently Total of France, Gazprom of Russia and Statoil of Belgium were not good in "encouraging anything" and we now need others to get working on this "innovative vision" to bring prosperity for some people and continuity for a brutal system which is barbarically suppressing the most basic rights and liberties of people in Iran! Sohrab Ferdows sohrab@excite.com [FREE IRAN Project] In The Spirit Of Cyrus The Great Forum Index -> News Briefs & Discussion All times are GMT - 4 Hours Jump to: Select a forum [Main Forums]----------------News Briefs & DiscussionGeneral Discussion & AnnouncementsFree Iran Activist Disobedience Manuals & InformationNoteworthy Discussion ThreadsPhilosophy and ReligionPetitionsAnimal Rights Freedom Songs & Video (ALL MULTIMEDIA)Free Iran Real Cases Mock TrialsFREE All Political Prisoners NOWImportant Interviews (Radio, TV, and Publication)The Voice of Ambassador Hashem HakimiSite Announcements!HEAR IT FIRST: Persian - English Breaking & ActivistChat.com ColumnistsThe Voice of Dr. EtebarTHE FREE THINKERS OF IRAN (Draft 1) Iranian Uprising 2004Freedom SoftwareVoting Booth (Polls)Cox & Forkum: Editorial CartoonsIllustrations, Cartoons & ArtworkPhotographsVictims Of The RegimeAmericans Who Strongly Support Iranian People!GuestbookIslamic Regime Censorship[Discussion] [FREE Iran Movement Forum]----------------18 Tir Help Desk, Discussion & Coordination (BREAKING NEWS) [Iranian Culture]----------------HAPPY NOWRUZ PERSIAN NEW YEAR to Over 300 Million PeopleThe Greatest LiberatorIt's "Persian" Gulf Stupid! (NOT Arabian)Daily words from the Master..The Poetry THE IRANIAN RENAISSANCE----------------Open Public Forum For Iranian Renaissance Save the Archeological Sites In Iran----------------Save 7000 Years Heritage & Save the Archeological Sites of Pasargad [Announcements]----------------ON NOTICE: Iranian Gift Reviews----------------Product Review of Free-Iran Gifts and Services	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line16
__label__wiki	0.697549	0.697549	You Are Here: The historic town hall of Aachen The historic town hall of Aachen You Are Here:The historic town hall of Aachen Stadt Aachen Involved Teaching Units Institute of History of Architecture and Conservation Department of Historic Building Conservation and Research Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Christian Raabe Dipl.-Ing. Marc Wietheger Granusturm Aufmaßkampagne 1 Granusturm Vertikalschnitt From the end of the 8th century up to the present the town hall of Aachen in unity with the bordering Granus tower in the north and Aachen cathedral at the opposing south side of Katsch court have been witnesses of the former palatine complex of Carl the Great in Aachen. In addition to the archaeological verified remains of the Carolingian arrangement these buildings, despite numerous deformations and deconstruction, preserve evidence of the imperial palatine complex as well as Carolingian and medieval original substances in their foundations and ascending stonework. Whereas science and research where able to gather a lot of information from the Marien Church, the present cathedral, concerning building history, there was neither a comprehensive documentation nor a systematic building research regarding the King´s hall, on which the gothic town hall was built during the 14th century. This led to the start of a first intensive building documentation and -research in spring 2007 in the Granus tower, the former ?turris regalis? (=? tower of the king?) of the Carolingian palatine complex. Within the scope of the course "Bauforschung als Grundlage denkmalpflegerischer Maßnahmen" (= ? Building Research as Groundwork of building conservational methods?) given by the research assistants Judith Ley and Marc Wietheger there have been multiple documentation campaigns in field surveys containing the buildings systematic measurement, drawing, photograph and scientific description in cooperation with students of architecture, each course lasting a period of a week. Beyond the practical teaching of several methods and techniques of examination in handling historical building substances within the student course at the Department of Historic Building Conservation and Research, the works results being exact architectonical as-built drawings and the analysis of the structural health should be capable to be used in terms of securing as well as restoring the estate. The project was supported by Aachen?s Office for Preservation of Historic Monuments from the beginning. Nevertheless, it is the work´s primary aim to evaluate the estate on-site in combinational use of analyses of historic sources to reassemble the variant construction periods into the buildings initially state and to facilitate the ability of defining the building´s original use. Using tachymetric-CAD- supported online-measurement, photogrammetrically documented stone faced surfaces, 3D-Laserscanning and manual measurement of detail areas, deformation accurate as-built drawings were created. Within a uniform measuring system (3D-Polygonal course) it was possible to generate detailed floor plans of each main and sub floor as well as six vertical section plans. This way it was possible to map the construction joints, used materials, damage patterns and special works on building material in detail enabling a succeeding analysis of the inner complex spatial structure. Especially the examination of the tower´s number of storeys, orientation, accessibility and exposure of the rooms and stairways as well as the connection to the kings? hall and so to the whole composition of the palatine is of major interest. In short-term the advanced work on the Granus tower is going to be expanded to the historic town hall: the external viewed additive layout of building components turns out to be an integral planned complex spatial concept in the inside depending on their multitude of architectural intersections. The analysis of this internal structure is expected to lead to a deeper understanding of the original architectural plan. The interim results and targets of the present building research are being discussed in different panels by expert colleagues and people involved in the project and furthermore influence the work of the newly founded working group for palatine research in Aachen.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line18
__label__wiki	0.669106	0.669106	What makes James Corden’s content such a success? In Blog, Uncategorized James Corden and the executive producers of ‘The Late Late Show’ Ben Winston, Mike Gibbons and Rob Crabbe understand how creative content works. In 17 months his show’s YouTube channel has attracted 7 million subscribers and notched up 1.7bn views worldwide, while his Britney Spears Carpool Karaoke is set to become the 33rd YouTube clip from the show to hit 10m+ views. In other words they understand the workings of a good feature and the needs of the viewer. In a recent interview in the Guardian newspaper Corden revealed a key point that as a content maker you should revisit time and time again. “There’s a great bit in that Jerry Seinfeld doc where someone asks him if being famous helps with doing standup and trying new material, and he says: ‘I get three minutes of good grace from an audience whereas someone else gets 30 seconds, “We very much felt that we just had 30 seconds. So we knew we had to put a stake in the ground early and go: ‘We are a show where people come and do stuff.’ He adds. “I genuinely couldn’t tell you how many people watch our show, because I feel like in this slot we’re not really in the ratings business, we’re just in the relevance business. My major ambition is just to stay relevant.” Corden’s features always have a simple premise. He always gets straight to the point and he hops on relevant zeitgeist news stories straight away, putting his unique spin on them. Audiences don’t want to waste time. How much grace have you earned? You can read the full interview here Views expressed do not represent the view of RTÉ. #carpool karaoke #content #James corden How to deal with silence from Lance Armstrong You can’t please them all. Here’s a way to stop trying Irish Youth Music Awards	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line20
__label__cc	0.731833	0.268167	Agimet of Geneva Basic Facts: Jewish merchant who had been buying silks in Venice in 1348. Was arrested in Chatel, on the shores of Lake Geneva, and tried on October 20, 1348. Confessed that he had deliberately poisoned the wells of Venice with a 'special powder' which had produced the plague (Black Death). The confession was extracted after considerable torture, and was almost certainly a false confession to stop the agony he was experiencing. To prevent further torment before his execution, Agimet was coerced to say that Rabbi Peyret of Chambery (near Geneva) was the chief conspirator of the poisoning plot. The translation of the official confession (obtained under torture) by Agimet of Geneva is shown here. In the aftermath of Agimet's "confession," ~900 Jews of Strasbourg were burned alive on February 14, 1349. Labels: 1349, Agimet of Geneva, Black Death, Chatel, Confession, Execution, False Confession, Geneva, Jew, Jewish, Lake Geneva, Merchant, Poisoning, Rabbi Peyret of Chambery, Strasbourg, Torture, Venice Battle of Crécy (Cressy) 1346 Agnolo di Tura del Grasso (Chronicler, 14th Centur... Middle Ages (European History) Medieval Times Agimet of Geneva (Jewish Merchant, 14th Century AD... Jean de Venette (French Chronicler) 1308-1369 The Plague (Black Death) Documentary (History Chan...	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line22
__label__cc	0.512406	0.487594	The biggest news story today is about the Pacific Garbage Patch. This is one of the five gyres of concentrated plastic waste in our world’s oceans and this one is four to 16 times bigger than previously thought and growing exponentially. Eeek! This is a global problem that needs everyone to act on. Are you reducing your plastic consumption? Are you supporting bans on plastic bags and single use plastic? In other news, Mark Boyle is living without technology, of any kind, through a handwritten letter to The Guardian, he describes why. In another comment on society, how planting trees with your neighbour increases a sense of community and reduces crime. Plastic patch in Pacific Ocean growing rapidly, study shows \| BBC News A collection of plastic afloat in the Pacific Ocean is growing rapidly, according to a new scientific estimate. Predictions suggest a build-up of about 80,000 tonnes of plastic in the “Great Pacific Garbage Patch” between California and Hawaii. This figure is up to sixteen times higher than previously reported, say international researchers. One trawl in the centre of the patch had the highest concentration of plastic ever recorded. From other agencies: – Plastic within the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is ‘increasing exponentially,’ scientists find \| The Washington Post – ‘Great Pacific garbage patch’ sprawling with far more debris than thought \| The Guardian – Great Pacific Garbage Patch plastic pollution dwarfs previous estimates and is ‘growing exponentially’ \| ABC News A sampling of plastic from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. (The Ocean Cleanup.) Last year dashed hopes for a climate change turnaround \| The Washington Post After three flat years that had hinted at a possible environmental breakthrough, carbon dioxide emissions from the use of energy rose again by 1.4 percent in 2017, according to new data released by the International Energy Agency on Wednesday. Coal plant construction extends dive – but not fast enough: report \| SMH Coal-fired power is on track to start shrinking globally by 2022, dimming prospects for exporters of the fossil fuel, including Australia, according to a report by environmental groups. China and India, which have dominated construction of new power plants for more than a decade, both cut new capacity sharply for the second year in a row in 2017, the annual Boom and Bust report by Greenpeace, Sierra Club and CoalSwarm found. Mexico Forecast to Add 24 TWh of Clean Energy by 2022 \| Bloomberg New Energy Finance MEXICO – Mexico’s 2013 energy reform has changed the corporate power market dramatically. The introduction of a market in clean energy certificates (CEL) will lead to the generation of an additional 24 terawatt-hours of clean energy by 2022, Bloomberg New Energy Finance finds in its 1H 2018 Corporate Energy Market Outlook. Solar installed on 500 public housing homes in Queensland, focus turns to rental market \| One Step Off The Grid AUSTRALIA – Rooftop solar has been installed on almost 500 public housing homes across Cairns, Rockhampton and Lockhart River in Queensland, as part of a a state government scheme that winds up this week. The scheme is one of a suite of policies unveiled late last year in an effort to open the way for thousands more homes in the Sunshine State – including the largely untapped rental market – to gain access to rooftop solar and battery storage and cut their electricity bills. ‘Dead zone’ in Gulf of Mexico will take decades to recover from farm pollution \| The Guardian The enormous “dead zone” in the Gulf of Mexico will take decades to recover even if the flow of farming chemicals that is causing the damage is completely halted, new research has warned. Intensive agriculture near the Mississippi has led to fertilizers leeching into the river, and ultimately the Gulf of Mexico, via soils and waterways. This has resulted in a huge oxygen-deprived dead zone in the Gulf that is now at its largest ever extent, covering an area greater than the state of New Jersey. 3 Reasons City Dwellers Should Care About Forests \| World Resources Institute If you’re reading this, you are probably a city dweller. More than half of humanity lives in cities, and the percentage continues to grow. As more and more of us move from the rural landscapes our ancestors called home, we are particularly estranged from forests. Trees have been cut back to the hinterlands, replaced by farms, housing and urban sprawl. But even if you live in the heart of the concrete jungle, you should care about forests. [Wednesday was] the International Day of Forests. This year’s theme is Forests and Sustainable Cities. Take a minute to reflect on how much you depend on these ecosystems, from the park in your neighborhood to the distant Amazonian rainforest. Even if you were the last rhino on Earth… why populations can’t be saved by a single breeding pair \| The Conversation Two days ago, the last male northern white rhino (Ceratotherium simum cottoni) died. His passing leaves two surviving members of his subspecies: both females who are unable to bear calves. Even though it might not be quite the end of the northern white rhino because of the possibility of implanting frozen embryos in their southern cousins (C. simum simum), in practical terms, it nevertheless represents the end of a long decline for the subspecies. It also raises the question: how many individuals does a species need to persist? What dolphin teeth can tell us about ocean pollution \| NZ Herald Crucial clues about the contamination of our coasts could be found – of all places – inside the teeth of bottlenose dolphins. Metal contaminants in marine environments are a particular health risk for humans and other animals as they get absorbed into teeth and bones. Now, Dr Carolina Loch, of Otago University’s Faculty of Dentistry, is leading a study to track metal exposure in marine species to help determine pollution in the ocean. Understanding the risks to Canada’s drinking water \| The Conversation CANADA – March 22 marks World Water Day, an acknowledgement of the importance of safe, clean drinking water. This year, the celebration takes place against the backdrop of water shortages. The United Nations has concluded that there is an international water crisis, and the principal failing is one of governance. Cape Town is the latest crisis, but we can only expect water shortages to become more common. Canada has an abundance of water for its size: It has 0.5 per cent of the world’s population but seven per cent of the world’s renewable freshwater supply. From a global perspective, most Canadians are lucky, but the messages that emanate from academic and popular literature often paint an unsettling picture. Sustainable shopping: if you really, truly need a new phone, buy one with replaceable parts \| The Conversation Almost 90% of Australians own a smartphone, and almost 40% of us are expected to update our phone in the coming year. The most sustainable mobile phone is actually the phone you already own! This is because manufacturing a phone has far more environmental impact than using it. The circuit board, display and battery are primarily responsible for your phone’s environmental impacts. These contain valuable minerals such as cobalt, gold, silver, palladium and tin. Huge amounts of ore, processing and energy are required to yield small amounts of these materials. My advice after a year without tech: rewild yourself \| Mark Boyle \| The Guardian (Opinion) Having once been an early adopter of tech, I was an unlikely early rejector. But it has now been over a year since I have phoned my family or friends, logged on to antisocial media, sent a text message, checked email, browsed online, took a photograph or listened to electronic music. Living and working on a smallholding without electricity, fossil fuels or running water, the last year has taught me much about the natural world, society, the state of our shared culture, and what it means to be human in a time when the boundaries between man and machine are blurring. ‘When you’re connected to wifi you’re disconnected from life.’ Photograph: Rex/Shutterstock Want to fight crime? Plant some flowers with your neighbor \| The Conversation USA – Neighborhoods struggling with physical decline and high crime often become safer simply when local residents work together to fix up their neighborhood. My colleagues and I at the University of Michigan School of Public Health Youth Violence Prevention Center have spent nearly a decade documenting why. Research from cities across the United States shows how small changes to urban environments — like planting flowers or adding benches — reduce violence. The result is an emerging crime prevention theory we call “busy streets.” Here’s how it works. War on drugs has failed – Helen Clark \| Radio New Zealand News Former Prime Minister Helen Clark says a bill that would quadruple the maximum prison sentence for people supplying synthetic cannabis reflects a failed war on drugs mentality… Ms Clark said it was time for New Zealand to have a fresh look at its drug policy. “We have to look at the evidence of what works – and if we looked at Portugal or to Switzerland or any number of countries now we see more enlightened drug policies, which are bringing down the rate of death and not driving up prison populations.” Coalition accuses green groups of misleading public on forestry agreements \| The Guardian AUSTRALIA – The government has accused green groups of deliberately misleading the Australian people by raising concerns about the roll over of long term logging agreements. The accusations from federal assistant agriculture minister senator Anne Ruston were revealed after Guardian Australia reported the government itself had discussed concerns that the agreements were invalid as they are based on old scientific assessments. Buried, altered, silenced: 4 ways government climate information has changed since Trump took office \| The Conversation After Donald Trump won the presidential election, hundreds of volunteers around the U.S. came together to “rescue” federal data on climate change, thought to be at risk under the new administration. “Guerilla archivists,” including ourselves, gathered to archive federal websites and preserve scientific data. But what has happened since? Did the data vanish? As of one year later, there has been no great purge. Federal data sets related to environmental and climate science are still accessible in the same ways they were before Trump took office. However, in many other instances, federal agencies have tampered with information about climate change. Across agency websites, documents have disappeared, web pages have vanished and language has shifted in ways that appear to reflect the policies of the new administration. The case for upgrading Melbourne’s poor housing stock \| The Fifth Estate AUSTRALIA – The cost of upgrading Melbourne’s poor-performing homes from 1.5 star NatHERS to four stars could be paid off in energy savings in nine years, according to new research from the University of Melbourne, while a six-star upgrade would take 14 years. No action on rising seas without law change \| Newsroom.co.nz NEW ZEALAND – People considering buying property on the Coromandel Peninsula may notice something new if they request a land information report: a pointer to an online simulator showing potential future flooding. A Thames lawyer and campaigner, Denis Tegg, has persuaded Thames-Coromandel District Council to include a link in all future LIM reports alerting people to a Waikato Regional Council tool showing how flooding may affect properties after sea level rise. Battle of the barns \| Newsroom.co.nz NEW ZEALAND – Animal welfare groups can rightly claim a victory over egg producers with the phasing out of battery cages, but a new fight is developing over the replacement – barn-laid eggs.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line23
__label__cc	0.588811	0.411189	Contact Me/ Review Policy Can't Wait Wednesday: Like a Love Story by Abdi Nazemian Can't Wait Wednesday is a weekly meme (that will help me remember what to buy for my library) that's hosted by Wishful Endings. It's based off the weekly meme Waiting on Wednesday that was hosted by Jill at Breaking the Spine. Boy I can't wait to read It’s 1989 in New York City, and for three teens, the world is changing. Reza is an Iranian boy who has just moved to the city with his mother to live with his stepfather and stepbrother. He’s terrified that someone will guess the truth he can barely acknowledge about himself. Reza knows he’s gay, but all he knows of gay life are the media’s images of men dying of AIDS. Judy is an aspiring fashion designer who worships her uncle Stephen, a gay man with AIDS who devotes his time to activism as a member of ACT UP. Judy has never imagined finding romance… until she falls for Reza and they start dating. Art is Judy’s best friend, their school’s only out-and-proud teen. He’ll never be who his conservative parents want him to be, so he rebels by documenting the AIDS crisis through his photographs. As Reza and Art grow closer, Reza struggles to find a way out of his deception that won’t break Judy’s heart—and destroy the most meaningful friendship he’s ever known. Publication Date: June 4, 2019 No comments: at December 26, 2018 Labels: #BookBlogger, #Can'tWaitWednesday, #Diversity, #LGBT, #MochaGirlsRead, #Romance, #Teens, #YA Review:The Oddball Chronicles by Michael Williams Omar Odd is the kid who sits quietly in the back of the classroom with his headphones on. He is the kid who is always picked last for every team he tries to be apart of. He is the kid who's just searching for a little bit of peace and quiet, in a world full of chaotic noise. Omar Odd is a new transfer high school student to the town of Ridgewood. He prefers to live the life of an outsider, but even outsiders find an in crowd. As Omar grows into young adulthood he finds that his life is a series of trial and error. More often than not, he finds himself on the error side of things. With wittiness, luck, questionable judgment, and the help of new found friends, Omar attempts to navigate the road of life while avoiding oncoming traffic. These are his victories, his defeats, but most importantly, his truths. These are, The Oddball Chronicles. This book was sent to me by the author in exchange for an honest review. I was contacted by the author and provided a digital copy of the book in exchange for an honest review. The Oddball Chronicles are about new kid Omar Odd and his high school flubs, social media storms, and basically being 17 in America. I like the odd ball chronicles. This book was instantly intriguing to me as a Librarian because I can think of about about 4 different types of readers I can give this book to. We meet Omar, learn a bit about his past, and run straight into conflict before we know what’s happening. While Omar is presented to us as a quiet kid who likes to fly under the radar and avoid crowds, it doesn’t take long before he’s broken the internet and starting news worth national debate over his school presentation, (that was presumably recorded by some kid from the class) on Christopher Columbus. In his speech, Omar, deviates from the information in the class textbook and explains not only did Christopher Columbus “discover” America, he stole land, slaughtered and/or enslaved those native to the country, and apparently was on board with the child sex trade??? (which is news to me and I’m going to look it up asap). The conflict that Omar’s speech created was pretty indicative of what we see almost every day on the news and peppered throughout Social Media, I just wish we could have gone deeper down that rabbit hole. We were told that Omar’s speech sparked videos made by others, 100,000 views, and goodness knows how many comments, but I think we readers could have connected more with Omar during this backlash if we could have seen more of what he saw. Then we go to the school, and the parents reaction, to the schools reaction, was pretty confusing. That whole moment of the book was a bit touch and go for me, it felt like there were paragraphs missing, but I really liked what was there. We migrate away from Christopher Columbus and Omar is simply trying to exist in the world and finally meets some friends! There is a motley crew of three boys and a girl, and crazy shenanigans that make you forget they’ve only knew each other for a few hours. I liked “The Crew” as they called themselves, but I’d love to see more of them, figure out who they are as individuals. Right now we have Thiago the party kid, Russ the quiet kid, Zuri the gamer girl, and Kaz the outspoken leader. I hope that as the chronicles continue, this new friendship builds, and they get in more trouble because it was a hilarious hot mess. I would also like to shout out one of my favorite lines from the book because the imagery is just darn beautiful. “As Kaz ended his sentence I watched all of my hopes and dreams take a nosedive out of the sky and explode into heartbroken pieces of shrapnel.” Our author really knows how to paint a picture doesn’t he! Labels: #BookBlogger, #Contemporary, #Diversity, #MochaGirlsRead, #OwnVoices, #socialjustice, #Teens, #WeNeedDiverseBooks, #YA Can't Wait Wednesday- The Downstairs Girl by Stacey Lee By day, seventeen-year-old Jo Kuan works as a lady's maid for the cruel daughter of one of the wealthiest men in Atlanta. But by night, Jo moonlights as the pseudonymous author of a newspaper advice column for the genteel Southern lady, "Dear Miss Sweetie." When her column becomes wildly popular, she uses the power of the pen to address some of society's ills, but she's not prepared for the backlash that follows when her column challenges fixed ideas about race and gender. While her opponents clamor to uncover the secret identity of Miss Sweetie, a mysterious letter sets Jo off on a search for her own past and the parents who abandoned her as a baby. But when her efforts put her in the crosshairs of Atlanta's most notorious criminal, Jo must decide whether she, a girl used to living in the shadows, is ready to step into the light. Labels: #BookBlogger, #Can'tWaitWednesday, #Diversity, #HistoricalFiction, #MochaGirlsRead, #OwnVoices, #YA Review: Dread Nation by Justina Ireland Jane McKeene was born two days before the dead began to walk the battlefields of Gettysburg and Chancellorsville—derailing the War Between the States and changing America forever. In this new nation, safety for all depends on the work of a few, and laws like the Native and Negro Reeducation Act require certain children attend combat schools to learn to put down the dead. But there are also opportunities—and Jane is studying to become an Attendant, trained in both weaponry and etiquette to protect the well-to-do. It’s a chance for a better life for Negro girls like Jane. After all, not even being the daughter of a wealthy white Southern woman could save her from society’s expectations. But that’s not a life Jane wants. Almost finished with her education at Miss Preston’s School of Combat in Baltimore, Jane is set on returning to her Kentucky home and doesn’t pay much mind to the politics of the eastern cities, with their talk of returning America to the glory of its days before the dead rose. But when families around Baltimore County begin to go missing, Jane is caught in the middle of a conspiracy, one that finds her in a desperate fight for her life against some powerful enemies. And the restless dead, it would seem, are the least of her problems. I love Jane’s character. She’s tough, defiant, and street smart. It’s easy to only see her bad-assery and miss the fact that she’s a very loving character as well, I’m not sure if I’d write my mother letters for a year even though I never got a response. She’s also an intellectual, she seeks out the written word even though it’s forbidden to her. And while this isn’t necessarily something that we should celebrate, Jane is uncertain of herself and her looks. It can be hard as a dark skinned girl with kinky hair to not feel “less than” when you’re standing next to a country’s “preferred” or traditional form of beauty, tanned skin (whatever that actually means) and loose ringlets, particularly during the time period of this book (although I'm not entirely sure when that is). I’m not sure if this is me, pushing my feelings on the character of Jane, or if this is what Ireland was aiming for, but Jane seems to really like herself 100%, but there’s that little thing in the back of her head that pops out every time she’s around Katherine that makes her feel less than for just a moment. It’s great to see a character that’s tough but also a flawed, real person. I like the subtle elements of fantasy buried in this Historical Fiction tale. We have the obvious zombies, fantasy all the way, but the penny that only turned ice cold if there was danger nearby was slight but appreciated, and I couldn’t quite visualize those carriages but they sounded cool. This book is suppose to be a type of alternate history. Slavery “ended” the same way it did in the history books, but these black people were then sent off to work, in a manner that was similar to that of indentured servitude, as zombie slayers. Ireland does NOT shy away from what slavery was and the way black people were treated both in real history and in her rendition, everything from passing, to dumbing yourself down, to the hanging tree. Ireland is amazing. “The sheriff has taken every opportunity to insult us and remind us of the circumstances of our dark skin and I’d like nothing more than to tell him what I think.”... “I know I am more than my skin color.” I love this quote so freaking much. I want to make a shirt that says I am more than my skin color. Does it already exist?? I will make one!! This book was amazing. Please read it. Labels: #BookBlogger, #Diversity, #Fantasy, #HistoricalFiction, #MochaGirlsRead, #OwnVoices, #Scifi, #socialjustice, #Teens, #WeNeedDiverseBooks, #YA Readers Advisory: My favorite reads of 2018 So this is more my favorites that any books that have been requested by kids who come into the library. A list of my favorite books that I read this year, it wasn't as many as I'd hoped but I'm SUPER sleepy all the time! They killed my mother. They took our magic. They tried to bury us. Now we rise. Zélie Adebola remembers when the soil of Orïsha hummed with magic. Burners ignited flames, Tiders beckoned waves, and Zélie’s Reaper mother summoned forth souls. But everything changed the night magic disappeared. Under the orders of a ruthless king, maji were killed, leaving Zélie without a mother and her people without hope. Now Zélie has one chance to bring back magic and strike against the monarchy. With the help of a rogue princess, Zélie must outwit and outrun the crown prince, who is hell-bent on eradicating magic for good. Danger lurks in Orïsha, where snow leoponaires prowl and vengeful spirits wait in the waters. Yet the greatest danger may be Zélie herself as she struggles to control her powers and her growing feelings for an enemy. Careful--you are holding fresh ink. And not hot-off-the-press, still-drying-in-your-hands ink. Instead, you are holding twelve stories with endings that are still being written--whose next chapters are up to you. Because these stories are meant to be read. And shared. Thirteen of the most accomplished YA authors deliver a label-defying anthology that includes ten short stories, a graphic novel, and a one-act play. This collection will inspire you to break conventions, bend the rules, and color outside the lines. All you need is fresh ink. Emika Chen barely made it out of the Warcross Championships alive. Now that she knows the truth behind Hideo's new NeuroLink algorithm, she can no longer trust the one person she's always looked up to, who she once thought was on her side. Determined to put a stop to Hideo's grim plans, Emika and the Phoenix Riders band together, only to find a new threat lurking on the neon-lit streets of Tokyo. Someone's put a bounty on Emika's head, and her sole chance for survival lies with Zero and the Blackcoats, his ruthless crew. But Emika soon learns that Zero isn't all that he seems--and his protection comes at a price. Caught in a web of betrayal, with the future of free will at risk, just how far will Emika go to take down the man she loves? 8 Hours and 5 Minutes There are three kinds of people in my world: 1. Saints, those special people moving the world forward. Sometimes you glaze over them. Or, at least, I do. They’re in your face so much, you can’t see them, like how you can’t see your nose. 2. Misfits, people who don’t belong. Like me—the way I don’t fit into Dad’s brand-new family or in the leftover one composed of Mom and my older brother, Mama’s-Boy-Muhammad. Also, there’s Jeremy and me. Misfits. Because although, alliteratively speaking, Janna and Jeremy sound good together, we don’t go together. Same planet, different worlds. But sometimes worlds collide and beautiful things happen, right? 3. Monsters. Well, monsters wearing saint masks, like in Flannery O’Connor’s stories. Like the monster at my mosque. People think he’s holy, untouchable, but nobody has seen under the mask. Except me. A remarkable story about the power of choosing tolerance from one of the most important voices in contemporary Muslim literature, critically acclaimed author Randa Abdel-Fattah. Michael usually concerns himself with basketball and hanging out with his friends, but every once in a while, his parents drag him to meetings and rallies with their anti-immigrant group. And it all makes sense to Michael. Until Mina, a beautiful girl from the other side of the protest lines, shows up at his school, and turns out to be funny, smart -- and a Muslim refugee from Afghanistan. Suddenly, his parents' politics seem much more complicated. Mina has already had a long and arduous journey leaving behind her besieged home in Afghanistan, and the frigid welcome at her new school is daunting. She just wants to settle in and help her parents get their restaurant up and running. But nothing about her new community will be that easy. As tensions increase, lines are drawn. Michael has to decide where he stands. Mina has to protect herself and her family. Both have to choose what they want their world to look like. Alice had her whole summer planned. Non-stop all-you-can-eat buffets while marathoning her favorite TV shows (best friends totally included) with the smallest dash of adulting--working at the library to pay her share of the rent. The only thing missing from her perfect plan? Her girlfriend (who ended things when Alice confessed she's asexual). Alice is done with dating--no thank you, do not pass go, stick a fork in her, done. But then Alice meets Takumi and she can’t stop thinking about him or the rom com-grade romance feels she did not ask for (uncertainty, butterflies, and swoons, oh my!). When her blissful summer takes an unexpected turn, and Takumi becomes her knight with a shiny library employee badge (close enough), Alice has to decide if she’s willing to risk their friendship for a love that might not be reciprocated—or understood. Labels: #BookBlogger, #Contemporary, #Diversity, #Dystopia, #Fantasy, #HistoricalFiction, #interracialRelationships, #MochaGirlsRead, #NotAStereotype, #OwnVoices, #Romance, #socialjustice, #Teens, #WeNeedDiverseBooks, #YA Can't Wait Wednesday: Let's Go Swimmin on Doomsday by Natalie C. Anderson When Abdi's family is kidnapped, he's forced to do the unthinkable: become a child soldier with the ruthless jihadi group Al Shabaab. In order to save the lives of those he loves, and earn their freedom, Abdi agrees to be embedded as a spy within the militia's ranks and to send dispatches on their plans to the Americans. The jihadists trust Abdi immediately because his older brother, Dahir, is already one of them, protégé to General Idris, aka the Butcher. If Abdi's duplicity is discovered, he will be killed. For weeks, Abdi trains with them, witnessing atrocity after atrocity, becoming a monster himself, wondering if he's even pretending anymore. He only escapes after he is forced into a suicide bomber's vest, which still leaves him stumps where two of his fingers used to be and his brother near death. Eventually, he finds himself on the streets of Sangui City, Kenya, stealing what he can find to get by, sleeping nights in empty alleyways, wondering what's become of the family that was stolen from him. But everything changes when Abdi's picked up for a petty theft, which sets into motion a chain reaction that forces him to reckon with a past he's been trying to forget. In this riveting, unflinching tale of sacrifice and hope, critically-acclaimed author Natalie C. Anderson delivers another tour-de-force that will leave readers at the edge of their seats. I reviewed Natalie C. Anderson's first book City of Saints and Thieves here, and I really liked it even though it isn't Own Voices. I'm really looking froward to reading her second novel. 1 comment: at December 12, 2018 Labels: #BookBlogger, #Can'tWaitWednesday, #Diversity, #MochaGirlsRead, #WeNeedDiverseBooks, #YA Review: All Our Broken Pieces by L.D. Crichton I was provided a digital copy of this book by Netgalley in exchange for my honest review. "You can’t keep two people who are meant to be together apart for long...” Lennon Davis doesn’t believe in much, but she does believe in the security of the number five. If she flicks the bedroom light switch five times, maybe her new L.A. school won’t suck. But that doesn’t feel right, so she flicks the switch again. And again. Ten more flicks of the switch and maybe her new step family will accept her. Twenty-five more flicks and maybe she won’t cause any more of her loved ones to die. Fifty times more and then she can finally go to sleep. Kyler Benton witnesses this pattern of lights from the safety of his treehouse in the yard next door. It is only there, hidden from the unwanted stares of his peers, that Kyler can fill his notebooks with lyrics that reveal the true scars of the boy behind the oversized hoodies and caustic humor. But Kyler finds that descriptions of blonde hair, sad eyes, and tapping fingers are beginning to fill the pages of his notebooks. Lennon, the lonely girl next door his father has warned him about, infiltrates his mind. Even though he has enough to deal with without Lennon’s rumored tragic past in his life, Kyler can’t help but want to know the truth about his new muse. I'd like to start by saying that I don't have OCD, so any observations that I make in this review were not made through the eyes of someone who lives with this disorder, just someone who ia interested in learning about a variety of marginalized groups. Lennon has OCD, the recent death of her mother, her move 3,000 from Maine to LA, and her evil stepsister seem to be triggered her OCD and ritualizing but she is managing. When Lennon is paired with Kyler for their English project on a modern version of Romeo and Juliet she stumbles across someone who understands her in a way that she hasn't had since her mother died. As far as I'm concerned Kyler and Lennon are an A team. Kyler who has had a large burn scar on his face since he was a child is use to being an outsider, he's use to people looking at his large frame, oversized hoodie, and less than pleasant attitude and assume that he must spend his days smoking out back with no ambitions, but they couldn't be more wrong. Lennon however wears her scars on the inside. She does things in sets of 5, she functions mostly with the assistance of anti anxiety medication, and her mind is plagued horrifying thought that she might be responsible for the death of a loved one. While Lennon is struggling for control over her mind, that doesn't mean she's a delicate flower. When she's with Kyler and he dishes out sass, she throws it right back. It was lovely to see Lennon a flawed character who didn't completely lose herself to her disorder, she keeps her personality as best as she could and fought hard. Kyler hid his hurt behind long hair, hoodies, and a snarky attitude, and I thought it was perfect. What I loved about Kyler was that while he had insecurities about how he looked (as anyone would) and did his best to hide is scars, he was always authentically himself. While he fought his own demons (many of which took the form of his dad) he helped Lennon fight hers. I love Lennon and Kyler's, band names and slogans. I loved the moments when Kyler was able to face his fears head on in front of the whole school. I also appreciated that mental health facilities and therapist weren't villainized. It's okay to address your mental health. It's okay to ask for help. Lennon taught us that. I will say that I wish we could see more of the relationship between Kyler and his dad. There was a lot left unsaid there and I was hoping for some type of resolution or at least accountability. I give this book 4 stars and I suggest it to anyone and everyone, mental health concerns or not. Labels: #AllOurBrokenPieces, #Contemporary, #MentalIllness, #MochaGirlsRead, #Netgalley, #Romance, #Teens, #WeNeedDiverseBooks, #YA Readers Advisory: Something Interesting So there's a 7th grade girl that comes into the library, she actually just begun volunteering with us. When she comes in she says "Ms. Kym, can you find me something interesting." And she wont give me ANYTHING else to work with. At this point I think she finds it funny because she knows it drives me crazy. I'm finally beginning to understand what she wants that thought I'd help anyone else who has an preteen who likes to see your gears turn.Also I'll go back and look at this post when she comes back. lol. This the first book that I chose for her that she really loved! Meet Scarlett, a smart, sarcastic, kick-butt, Muslim American heroine, ready to take on crime in her hometown of Las Almas. When a new case finds the private eye caught up in a centuries-old battle of evil genies and ancient curses, Scarlett discovers that her own family secrets may have more to do with the situation than she thinks -- and that cracking the case could lead to solving her father's murder. Jennifer Latham delivers a compelling story and a character to remember in this one-of-a-kind debut novel. Another book she loved. Can you get where this is going. Weird but not too weird I guess. Maddie Fynn is a shy high school junior, cursed with an eerie intuitive ability: she sees a series of unique digits hovering above the foreheads of each person she encounters. Her earliest memories are marked by these numbers, but it takes her father’s premature death for Maddie and her family to realize that these mysterious digits are actually death dates, and just like birthdays, everyone has one. Forced by her alcoholic mother to use her ability to make extra money, Maddie identifies the quickly approaching death date of one client's young son, but because her ability only allows her to see the when and not the how, she’s unable to offer any more insight. When the boy goes missing on that exact date, law enforcement turns to Maddie. Soon, Maddie is entangled in a homicide investigation, and more young people disappear and are later found murdered. A suspect for the investigation, a target for the murderer, and attracting the attentions of a mysterious young admirer who may be connected to it all, Maddie's whole existence is about to be turned upside down. Can she right things before it's too late? No idea how she feels about zombies but we'll see I guess! I'm not sure if this has enough action for this particular girl, but it's certainly interesting. What if the ordinary things in life suddenly…disappeared? Aila Quinn’s mother, Juliet, has always been a mystery: vibrant yet guarded, she keeps her secrets beyond Aila’s reach. When Juliet dies, Aila and her younger brother Miles are sent to live in Sterling, a rural town far from home--and the place where Juliet grew up. Sterling is a place with mysteries of its own. A place where the experiences that weave life together--scents of flowers and food, reflections from mirrors and lakes, even the ability to dream--vanish every seven years. No one knows what caused these “Disappearances,” or what will slip away next. But Sterling always suspected that Juliet Quinn was somehow responsible--and Aila must bear the brunt of their blame while she follows the chain of literary clues her mother left behind. As the next Disappearance nears, Aila begins to unravel the dual mystery of why the Disappearances happen and who her mother truly was. One thing is clear: Sterling isn’t going to hold on to anyone's secrets for long before it starts giving them up. It happened like this. I was stolen from an airport. Taken from everything I knew, everything I was used to. Taken to sand and heat, dirt and danger. And he expected me to love him. This is my story. A letter from nowhere. Sixteen-year-old Gemma is kidnapped from Bangkok airport and taken to the Australian Outback. This wild and desolate landscape becomes almost a character in the book, so vividly is it described. Ty, her captor, is no stereotype. He is young, fit and completely gorgeous. This new life in the wilderness has been years in the planning. He loves only her, wants only her. Under the hot glare of the Australian sun, cut off from the world outside, can the force of his love make Gemma love him back? The story takes the form of a letter, written by Gemma to Ty, reflecting on those strange and disturbing months in the outback. Months when the lines between love and obsession, and love and dependency, blur until they don't exist--almost. I have no idea if these books will satisfy "interesting" but I'll do my best. All of these book have an unique aspect to them for the reader who wants something that's just a bit "normal contemporary". Pray for me yall. 2 comments: at December 10, 2018 Labels: #Contemporary, #Fantasy, #HistoricalFiction, #MochaGirlsRead, #ReadersAdvisory, #Romance, #Teens, #WeNeedDiverseBooks, #YA Can't Wait Wednesday: With the Fire on High by Elizabeth Acevedo Ever since she got pregnant freshman year, Emoni Santiago’s life has been about making the tough decisions—doing what has to be done for her daughter and her abuela. The one place she can let all that go is in the kitchen, where she adds a little something magical to everything she cooks, turning her food into straight-up goodness. Even though she dreams of working as a chef after she graduates, Emoni knows that it’s not worth her time to pursue the impossible. Yet despite the rules she thinks she has to play by, once Emoni starts cooking, her only choice is to let her talent break free. Guy, I'm so excited about this book. I haven't read many books that focus on a teen mom pursuing her dreams. We have a teen mom meeting a new guy, a teen mom trying to get the old guy back, a teen mom and her regrets, but this looks different and I'm READY! Labels: #Can'tWaitWednesday, #Diversity, #MochaGirlsRead, #Teens, #WeNeedDiverseBooks, #YA Readers Advisory: I really liked The Hate You Give... If I had a dime for every time a kid came to me or a kids moms came to me and said, "I really liked The Hate You Give, do you have a book like that?" I actually wouldn't have a as many dimes as you'd think. I actually had a girl tell me she only reads books that are also movies. I'm waiting until the all figure out The Sun is Also a Star is going to be a movie... that's still happening right?? I might buy more copies of it anyway. Anyway, I was asked this question yesterday and figured I'd do a readers advisory post for those of you who are struggling to think up titles. Sooooo here we go! So, this book isn't so much social justice as it give the background on a character who goes on to cause people to fight for social justice. This of it as a characters background story, and it's SUPER GOOD. The rock in the water does not know the pain of the rock in the sun. On the corner of American Street and Joy Road, Fabiola Toussaint thought she would finally find une belle vie—a good life. But after they leave Port-au-Prince, Haiti, Fabiola’s mother is detained by U.S. immigration, leaving Fabiola to navigate her loud American cousins, Chantal, Donna, and Princess; the grittiness of Detroit’s west side; a new school; and a surprising romance, all on her own. Just as she finds her footing in this strange new world, a dangerous proposition presents itself, and Fabiola soon realizes that freedom comes at a cost. Trapped at the crossroads of an impossible choice, will she pay the price for the American dream? Raw, captivating, and undeniably real, Nic Stone joins industry giants Jason Reynolds and Walter Dean Myers as she boldly tackles American race relations in this stunning debut. Justyce McAllister is top of his class and set for the Ivy League—but none of that matters to the police officer who just put him in handcuffs. And despite leaving his rough neighborhood behind, he can't escape the scorn of his former peers or the ridicule of his new classmates. Justyce looks to the teachings of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. for answers. But do they hold up anymore? He starts a journal to Dr. King to find out. Then comes the day Justyce goes driving with his best friend, Manny, windows rolled down, music turned up—way up, sparking the fury of a white off-duty cop beside them. Words fly. Shots are fired. Justyce and Manny are caught in the crosshairs. In the media fallout, it's Justyce who is under attack. When Marvin Johnson's twin, Tyler, goes to a party, Marvin decides to tag along to keep an eye on his brother. But what starts as harmless fun turns into a shooting, followed by a police raid. The next day, Tyler has gone missing, and it's up to Marvin to find him. But when Tyler is found dead, a video leaked online tells an even more chilling story: Tyler has been shot and killed by a police officer. Terrified as his mother unravels and mourning a brother who is now a hashtag, Marvin must learn what justice and freedom really mean. Rashad is absent again today. That’s the sidewalk graffiti that started it all… Well, no, actually, a lady tripping over Rashad at the store, making him drop a bag of chips, was what started it all. Because it didn’t matter what Rashad said next—that it was an accident, that he wasn’t stealing—the cop just kept pounding him. Over and over, pummeling him into the pavement. So then Rashad, an ROTC kid with mad art skills, was absent again…and again…stuck in a hospital room. Why? Because it looked like he was stealing. And he was a black kid in baggy clothes. So he must have been stealing. And that’s how it started. And that’s what Quinn, a white kid, saw. He saw his best friend’s older brother beating the daylights out of a classmate. At first Quinn doesn’t tell a soul…He’s not even sure he understands it. And does it matter? The whole thing was caught on camera, anyway. But when the school—and nation—start to divide on what happens, blame spreads like wildfire fed by ugly words like “racism” and “police brutality.” Quinn realizes he’s got to understand it, because, bystander or not, he’s a part of history. He just has to figure out what side of history that will be. When sixteen-year-old Tariq Johnson dies from two gunshot wounds, his community is thrown into an uproar. Tariq was black. The shooter, Jack Franklin, is white. In the aftermath of Tariq's death, everyone has something to say, but no two accounts of the events line up. Day by day, new twists further obscure the truth. Tariq's friends, family, and community struggle to make sense of the tragedy, and to cope with the hole left behind when a life is cut short. In their own words, they grapple for a way to say with certainty: This is how it went down. I hope this helps those of you trying to find other social and racial justice book for your teens, or for those of you who were touched by The Hate You Give and want more! Have a good week friends! Labels: #MochaGirlsRead, #OwnVoices, #ReadersAdvisory, #socialjustice, #Teens, #WeNeedDiverseBooks, #YA Review: Don't Date Rosa Santos by Nina Moreno For fans of GILMORE GIRLS and TO ALL THE BOYS I'VE LOVED BEFORE, this effervescent love story from debut author Nina Moreno will swe... #LetsDiscuss2018 : Is it wrong to judge books that we haven't read? Is it wrong of us to judge (judge is the key word here) books that we haven't read? I go through a lot of books, both for my own enjoyme... Most anticipated reads of 2019!! So on occasion I post my Can't Wait Wednesday reads but I figured I'd go ahead and curate a list of books that I'm dying for in ... Kym P. Follow @LibraryKym Search Diversity... Kym's currently-reading book montage Kym's favorite books » Share book reviews and ratings with Kym, and even join a book club on Goodreads. Can't Wait Wednesday: Like a Love Story by Abdi Na... Can't Wait Wednesday- The Downstairs Girl by Stace... Can't Wait Wednesday: Let's Go Swimmin on Doomsday... Can't Wait Wednesday: With the Fire on High by Eli... <a href="https://allthediversity.blogspot.com/"><img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zVi_4a_RbpM/WYTJ7Cn2XcI/AAAAAAAAG8E/ZTj30WGJJ4ILVVDX1FeDJoJZs0m2Xkc9ACLcBGAs/s1600/button.png"></a> #AllOurBrokenPieces (1) #Anxiety (2) #Apocalypse (1) #audiobok (4) #BlackGirlinaBigDress (1) #BookBlogger (18) #BookBloggerHop (11) #BookExpo19 (1) #BookList (3) #Can'tWaitWednesday (8) #ChapterBreakBingo (1) #Contem (1) #Contemporary (37) #Diversity (34) #Don'tDateRosaSantos (1) #Dystopia (11) #Fantasy (19) #GraphicNovel (1) #HappyNewYear (1) #HistoricalFiction (7) #interracialRelationships (14) #LetsDiscuss2018 (3) #LGBT (13) #Librarian (4) #MentalIllness (6) #MiddleGrade (13) #MochaGirlsRead (29) #Netgalley (7) #NewAdult (8) #NotAStereotype (5) #OwnVoices (30) #ReadersAdvisory (10) #Romance (34) #Scifi (9) #socialjustice (6) #Teens (59) #TeenTitansRaven (1) #TheWeddingDate (1) #TopTenOf2017 (1) #Trans (5) #UrbanFantasy (6) #Webshow (1) #WeNeedDiverseBooks (52) #YA (64) #YA #Teens (1) #YA #Teens #WeNeedDiverseBooks #YouthLibrarian #HistoricalFiction #LGBT #RacialIssues #Juvenile (1) #YA #Teens #WeNeedDiverseBooks #YouthLibrarian #Romance #Contemporary #OwnVoices (1) #YA@Heart (1) #YoungAdult (2) #YouthLibrarian (1) Can't Wait Wednesday (1) Theme designed by Butterfly-o-Meter Designs. 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__label__wiki	0.742186	0.742186	EI: New BDS fighters recruited to Israeli embassies Gaza, ALRAY - (Israel) is ramping up its efforts to fight the growing campaign of boycott, divestment and sanctions (BDS), the Electronic Intifada reported. Columbia student representatives from a wide array of organizations show their support for a divestment campaign (Photo courtesy of Columbia SJP) The Palestinian US-based platform committed to combating the pro-Israeli, and pro-American spin quoted Anshel Pfeffer as writing in Israeli daily Haaretz: "Today’s battle is BDS – the boycott, divestment and sanctions campaign being waged against Israel. Significant efforts are being invested by the government and pro-Israel organizations to fend off BDS," "This week I discovered that in the Israeli embassy in London alone, there are two people (one diplomat and a local employee) whose full-time brief is to monitor and counter BDS attempts," "Apparently the Foreign Ministry with its diplomatic corps is not enough and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has added fighting BDS to the responsibilities of Strategic Affairs Minister Yuval Steinitz," This revelation followed a decision by Benjamin Netanyahu earlier this year to hand responsibility for fighting BDS to the ministry of strategic affairs. Netanyahu said the ministry would coordinate “efforts with NGOs [nongovernmental organizations] in Israel and all over the world,” a role which would include “the establishment of a professional special staff for countering delegitimization.” Reut Institute, an Israel-aided NGO, identified London as one of the major hubs in a so-called “delegitimization network.” Pfeffer downplayed the importance of the Palestinian campaign “BDS has failed to create any form of pressure on Israel to change its policies and has done nothing to dent Israel’s economy," EI added that he acknowledged that BDS has had a deep psychological impact on Israelis from “generals and politicians who feel an unease landing in some countries” where they could face arrest, to “academics looking for a university for their post-doctorate year and business people trying to drum up interest in professional conferences.” Israel closes Kerem Shalom commercial crossing into Gaza A poor man from Gaza Palestinian businessmen in US reject economic meeting in Bahrain 20 Jerusalemites injured in clashes with Israeli soldiers	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line26
__label__wiki	0.582376	0.582376	RB (x) › Chemical apparatus in the 17th century From Robert Boyle's New Experiments Physico-Mechanical. RB-RB1662-1 Diagram of the human hand, from Giordano Bruno's discussion of the properties of the number 5 in De monade numero et figura. De monade numero et figura (On the Monad, Number and Figure) is part of the trilogy of Latin verse works published in Frankfurt in 1591 and considered to be Bruno's philosophical testament. In the De monade Bruno discusses Pythagorean number symbolism and the meanings of the numbers 1 to 10. RB-GB1591 Illustration of Torbern Bergman's chemical apparatus from Opuscula Physica et Chemica. This translation from the original Latin is by Edmund Cullen. It includes notes and illustrations by Cullen and was published in 1784 by J. Murray, London. RB-TB1784 Portrait of Giovanni Domenico Cassini Portrait of Cassini from his account of his heliometer in Bologna, published 40 years after its installation in La Meridiana del tempio di S. Petronio..., 1695. RB-GC1695-1 Cassini's heliometer The church of San Petronio in Bologna was the site of a solar observatory as early as 1576 when Egnazio Danti, cosmographer to Cosimo I de' Medici, installed the first meridian line there. Unfortunately it did not fulfill its purpose, which was to provide an accurate date for the spring equinox, thence Easter. In spite of uncertainties about the precise length of the solar year, the Gregorian calendar was promulgated anyway, in 1582. We still use it today. Almost 75 years later, the opportunity arose to reconstruct the meridian. Enter a 29-year-old astronomy professor named Giovanni Domenico Cassini. Cassini increased the height of Danti's solar peephole—or gnomon hole—to 1000 inches (based on the French foot) or 27.07 meters above the church floor. The length of the meridian line was increased by x2.5 to 66.71 meters, or 1/600,000 of the Earth's circumference, per Cassini's calculation. The line had to run on the floor between the aisles and columns of the church on a north-south axis without obstruction. The instrument was tested with great fanfare at the summer solstice of 1655 and proved fully successful. Cassini's illustrated account of his heliometer was published 40 years later in 1695 with the title La Meridiana del tempio di S. Petronio. The image shown here is taken from a large foldout plate depicting the design and details of installation. Engraving designed by Kepler Engraved frontispiece to Kepler's Rudolphine Tables (Tabulae Rudolphinae) showing the great astronomers (including Kepler) gathered in the temple of Urania. Designed by Kepler himself; engraved by Georg Celer. RB-JK1627-1 Kepler - Model of the Universe Model of the universe (the outermost sphere is Saturn's) from Johannes Kepler' s "Mysterium Cosmographicum" (1597, edition of 1621) Count Rocco Collection. From Kepler's "Rudolphine Tables." (1627). Frontispiece from book by Hevelius Frontispiece from Hevelius' "Machinae Coelestis Pars Prior." (1673). RB-JH1673-1 Hevelius and wife--illustration Hevelius and wife observing at sextant from Hevelius' "Machinae Coelestis Pars Prior." (1673). Galileo, the moon from Sidereus Nuncius (The Sidereal Messenger), Venice, 1610 An engraved illustration of features of the moon's surface, as seen by Galileo with his telescope. He was able to describe the roughness of the moon's surface and the position of spots and prominences on the light and dark sides. RB-GG1610a-3 Galileo, two illustrations of the moon from Sidereus Nuncius (The Sidereal Messenger), Venice, 1610 Two illustrations of features of the moon's surface, showing strong light and dark shadings on the light side. According to the prevailing Aristotelian cosmology, heavenly bodies were perfectly smooth and spherical. Galileo's observations of the moon's roughness tended to support the new Copernican system, which no longer upheld the distinction between terrestrial and heavenly bodies. Equatorial armillary instrument, from Tycho Brahe, Astronomiae instauratae Mechanica RB-TB1602-19 "Scrooge's third visitor"--Dickens RB-CD1843-1 "Mr. Fezziwig's Ball"--Dickens The mural or Tychonian quadrant, from Tycho Brahe, Astronomiae Instauratae Mechanica Heliocentric model of the universe From Copernicus, “De Re. . .”, 1st ed. (pg. 10) RB-NC1543-1 Hamilton, Sir William, “Campi Phlegraei: Observations on the Volcanos of the Two Sicilies, plate 9. One of 54 plates by Peter Fabris illustrating volcanis activity in the region of Naples. Sir William Hamilton was at this time royal envoy to the Count of Naples and published his investigations of volcanos for the Royal Society. RB-WH1779-1 Hamilton, Sir William, “Campi Phlegraei: Observations on the Volcanos of the Two Sicilies, plate 37. One of 54 plates by Peter Fabris illustrating volcanis activity in the region of Naples. Sir William Hamilton was at this time royal envoy to the Count of Naples and pubished his investigations of volcanos for the Royal Society. Illustration from Kepler's "Harmonices Mundi" (Harmonies of the World). Rocco Collection, History of Science. RB-JK1619A-1	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line28
__label__cc	0.684851	0.315149	Gig Reviews / Outsourced Blabbers / Tunes under the moon Mamer & Song Yuzhe: opposites attract at Jianghu by ruby · May 15, 2013 Let me set the scene. In one corner you have a guy sitting on a stool, wearing a black t-shirt and jeans, shoulder wavy length hair sticking out of a black cap pulled down to hide his eyes, emotionless face looking down at the black bass sitting on his lap. In the other, another guy, sitting cross-legged on the floor, in comfy baggy pants, white shirt, long hair pulled up in high ninja bun, large toothy smile and glistening eyes, surrounded by a plethora of traditional instruments. Walking into Jianghu on Monday night, this is the scene that confronted me. For anyone who doesn’t know the two guys I’ve just described, this vision would have been enough to make you walk straight back out the door again, but I knew what I was getting myself into and was excited to hear what was going to come out of this strange but beautiful combination. The ‘rock’ guy, was Mamer, known for his unusual combinations of experimental bass, industrial music and traditional Kazakh songs with his band IZ. But he also does solo work, last year he put out 5, yes 5, solo records, each completely different, self-recorded experimental compositions and traditional Kazakh songs using various instruments. I found a copy of Elim, with features dombra, guitar and violin, in C Rock last year, but hadn’t managed to track down any of the others around town. The ‘folk” guy, was Song Yuzhe, veteran of many experimental folk projects, including most recently Dawanggang, another long timer in the music scene. I’m not sure of the names of the instruments he had on hand, but they included stringed, wind and drums, and he was able to evoke the most magical sounds out of them. Put these two together and what do you get? Well, it was not something I think anyone in the audience expected. They played for over an hour, seemingly just jamming together, layering their sounds to make something quite surreal and beautiful, sometimes barely audible, others with amazing force I wondered if they were trying to get the place shut down by the neighbours. Mamer is a master of getting the most amazing sounds out of his bass. I’ve seen people use a computer to create music that sounds like live instruments, but this was a bass creating almost electronic, computer sounds. If Mamer doesn’t already create soundtracks for horror movies, he should start, I swear if I’d closed my eyes at some points I would have felt like I was in a haunted house. Add his deep, almost demonic, vocals and it was like taking part in a séance, evoking some Kazakhi god. Song Yuzhe, listed on the promo as the opening act, sat Buddha-like on the stage watching him closely, knowing exactly which instrument to select to complement the sounds coming from the other side of the stage. At no point at all did it seem like they were competing for the audiences attention, everything just worked together so well. Unexpectedly a mystery sax player appeared, (update: thanks @江湖酒吧 for telling me it was actually Li Tieqiao!) joining the two onstage, much to their surprise as well, Mamer calling for the boss and pointing at the new guy with a look of ‘wtf, who is the is guy? this is my show’. Tianxiao quickly came to the rescue taking his sax back and joining the two on stage himself, sax tones mixing seamlessly with the droning bass and Jews harp. It’s easy to get jaded going to shows in this city, I walk out of many shows feeling like I’ve seen/heard that a million times before, or disappointed when a live show doesn’t live up to the recorded version, but it’s shows like this that remind me that we have such great musical talents here. They’re not filling the house at Yugong or Mao, they’re not playing every other weekend, but when they do, it’s magic. The show was billed under the name Kunakara乐队, which I believe is what Mamer is calling his solo project, although I’m not sure if Song Yuzhe is also part of this, or just joined in for this show. With the crowd split between fans of the two, completely different musicians, I’m not sure they all expected or understood what they were hearing, but I left with a deeper appreciation of both. And an elusive copy of Alika, the experimental bass solo album that I’ve been looking for since last year, tucked in my bag. Tags: jianghuMamerSong Yuzhe a kiwi, a music lover, a traveller & an IT geek hanging around in the 'jing planning her next adventure. MIDI Awards 2011 Nominations announced: The New Guard is IN Jurat: Echoes of classic rock melded with the sounds of North-West China Song YuZhe was pretty amazing at MIDI, he came on before us and I really enjoyed his set. Afterwards I talked to him about what kind of instruments he was using, one of them was a home-made electric banjo, really curious instrument, but truly original! Tato says: Im a friend of these 3 guys, I played many times in Beijing…I learn a lot from them and through them about that country. Now Im at my country, Mexico… Great guys…Great friends… Great musicians. Thanks guys. Next story Quickslants: Tambours du Bronx, New Shanren, Painkiller Fest and more Previous story Dreamer Festival 2013 – Azure Ray, Shan Ren, Omnipotent Youth Society and More	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line33
__label__wiki	0.613347	0.613347	Real Economies and The Illusions of Abstraction ARTICLE \| October 27, 2011 \| BY Hazel Henderson Hazel Henderson Get Full Text in PDF The yawning gap between the real world and the discipline and profession of economics has never been wider. The ever-increasing abstractions in finance and its models based on "efficient markets" and "rational actors": capital asset pricing, Value-at-Risk, Black-Scholes Options Pricing have been awarded most of the Bank of Sweden prizes since they were founded in the 1960s and foisted onto the Nobel Prize Committee. Most of these abstract models, based on misuse of mathematics, contributed to the financial crises of 2007-2008. Now, the family of Alfred Nobel, led by lawyer Peter Nobel, has disassociated itself from the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economics In Memory of Alfred Nobel.1,* They point out that Nobel never would have approved of a prize in economics since it is not a science - and would have disapproved even more that most of the prizes were given to Western, neoclassical economists using mathematized, abstract models - far from Nobel's wider concerns. Nowhere is this abstraction more devastating than in the mathematical compounding of interest rates on borrowed money, now sinking individuals, companies and nations in unrepayable debt as explored in lawyer Ellen Brown's Web of Debt (2007). In The Politics of the Solar Age (1981, 1988), I warned that compound interest violated the Second Law of Thermodynamics: "Much confusion arises because economics inappropriately analogizes from some of these models from the physical, social, and biological realms. For example, the best example of a "runaway" can be found in the hypothetical model that economists have imposed on the real world: compounded interest. Here, they have set up an a priori, positive feedback system (based on the value system of private property and its accumulation), in which the interest earned on a fixed quantity of money (capital) will be compounded and the next calculation of interest added on cumulatively. But this "runaway" accumulation process bears no relationship to the real world - only to the value system. However, it has profound real-world effects if enough people believe it is legitimate and employ lawyers, courts, etc., to enforce it!" (p. 228) I also pointed out that Frederick Soddy, Nobel laureate in Chemistry, decided that economists' dangerous drift into pseudo-scientific abstraction must be halted before they destroyed industrial societies, because their uninformed ideas contravened the first and second laws of thermodynamics. (p. 225) The mathematical fantasy that money is wealth and can reproduce itself is revealed again in the US housing and foreclosure crisis. Money is a useful information system for tracking our use of nature's resources and scoring the games we humans play, but it gradually became mistakenly equated with the real wealth of nations. Similarly, too often economists and politicians describe money flows in economies as analogous to the human body's circulatory system. Yet human blood's hemoglobin cells do not charge money or interest for the life-giving oxygen they deliver to every other cell in our bodies. Charging interest for lending money was frowned on by our ancestors and considered a sin in Christian, Judaic as well as Islamic and other religious traditions. This view survives today in Sharia finance where lending at interest is shunned in favor of requiring the investor or creditor to share risks of any enterprise with the entrepreneur. Generations of scholars since Aristotle's treatises on "just prices" have examined the myths and human experiments in creating money and systems of exchange, from mutual fund manager Stephen Zarlenga's "The Lost Science of Money" (2002) and Prof. Margrit Kennedy's "Interest and Inflation Free Money" (1995) to lawyer Ellen Brown's "Web of Debt" (2007). In my "Creating Alternative Futures", I posed the question: Is there any such thing as profit without some equal, unrecorded debt entry in some social or environmental ledger or passed on to future generations? My answer was "yes," provided all costs of production were internalized and thermodynamic, not economic, measures of efficiency were calculated. The mismatch is between the real-world economies, where real people grow food, make shoes, clothes, shelter and tools in real factories, versus the human mind's tendencies toward abstraction. Understanding the real world in which we live requires us to recognize patterns and to abstract reality into mental models. The map is not the territory, as we have been reminded by many epistemologists. The danger is that we routinize our perception through these models, forgetting the need for constant updating and course-correcting as conditions change around us. Thus our mental models are memes that crystallize into habits, dogmas and outdated theories such as those in conventional economics and finance. These led to collective illusions: about "efficient markets," "humans as rational actors" and the lure of "compound interest" that still guide the decisions of too many asset managers. New models of triple bottom line accounting for Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance (ESG) have been adopted by responsible investors and institutional investors, including those engaged with the UN Principles of Responsible Investment, managing $22 trillion in assets. The current US mortgage and foreclosure mess provides a new teachable moment where we can re-examine the obsolete beliefs still at the core of economics and now refuted by physicists, endocrinologists, brain and behavioral scientists.2 The computerized efficiency of digitizing mortgages for rapid securitization in the Mortgage Electronic Registration System (MERS) is at the root of the foreclosure and toxic assets dilemma. We must examine how computers, when introduced into Wall Street, financial and housing markets drove economic theories further into mathematization, led by the Arrow-Debreu modeling of national economies in the 1960s, beyond earlier attempts by Leon Walras. Bank of Sweden Prizes in Memory of Alfred Nobel were given to Arrow and Debreu and others for mathematical models inappropriately applied to economics and finance.3 Similar mathematical models on which economists still rely, accept Arrow-Debreu's assumption of a process of "market completion" where markets could be extended to enclose ever more of the global commons: air, carbon emissions, water, forests, biodiversity, ecological assets and their productivity which supports all life. The newest commons are global communications infrastructure, the internet, the electromagnetic spectrum and space, all of which require massive public investments and underpin global finance and its extensive bailouts. The report of the Global Commission to Fund the UN, "The UN: Policy and Financing Alternatives", proposed taxing all commercial uses of the global commons and fines for misuse, including a tax on currency speculation. 4 For any market to efficiently allocate resources, buyers and sellers must have equal information and power, while their transactions should not harm any innocent bystanders. These conditions identified by Adam Smith in "The Wealth of Nations" in 1776 are now violated everywhere due to the scale and technological reach of global corporations and finance. Examples include the earliest forms of industrial pollution and exploitation of workers to today's toxic sludge dam failure in Hungary; BP's Gulf oil contamination and the growing costs in lives and ecological destruction of coal mining; the Wall Street volatility due to program trading; the financial meltdown of 2007-2008; the May 6, 2010 "flash crash," and the new revelations of US mortgage and foreclosure frauds. An ingenious enterprise, the Open Models Company (OMC) founded by Prof. Chuck Bralver at the Fletcher School of Tufts University, based on Linux principles, provides an open-source platform for global experts and critics in finance to examine the assumptions underlying derivatives and risk models - a huge help for underfunded regulators.5 Mervyn King, head of the Bank of England, called for restructuring beyond Dodd-Frank, Basel III and other recent reforms of today's unsustainable "financial alchemy."6 King reflects most of the issues identified by experts in our Transforming Finance statement of September 13, 2010. The scale of industrial and financial operations becomes global and ever more computerized and digitized, accelerating the abstraction of management, global supply chains, risk assessment, calculations of accountants for profits and losses, strategies of national governments and central bankers using defunct models such as NAIRU (non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment) to set interest rates, along with subsidies, tax policies, and quantitative easing to "manage" their economies. All are based on levels of aggregation in statistical indicators akin to assessing national economies while over-flying a country's territory at 50,000 feet. The digitization of Wall Street and security analysis is cancelling out strategies for diversification of portfolios. In the post-Bretton Woods, turbulent global casino, the $3 trillion plus daily electronic trading of currencies and sovereign bonds are driven largely by speculation, credit default swaps, and high-frequency trader's algorithms. The proliferation of electronic trading platforms, credit cards and digital payment and credit systems bypass regulatory models of governments and central banks. Today's ad hoc global financialization cannot be described as a system since it is still driven by the long-outdated assumptions and models in economics and the sloppy generalizations and categories that underlie economics and its theories: "capital" (not clearly defined); "growth" (GDP is the output of goods and services measured in money without subtracting social and environmental costs or adding the unpaid services in families and communities which support official paid production); "innovation" (does not distinguish between new brands of dog food, potato chips, credit default swaps vs. computer chips, gene sequencing or renewable energy); "productivity" (if measured as output per worker, this leads to further automation and technological unemployment); "free trade" (which led to the hollowing out of the US economy, outsourcing of jobs in manufacturing and services, trade deficits); "inflation" and "deflation." Statistical illusions: CPI, "core CPI" (which excludes energy and food), drives Fed policies, Social Security, taxes as well as employment and macroeconomic policies. ** Perhaps the most obvious policy errors were the models used by Alan Greenspan to describe the global economy in the dot com boom and by Ben Bernanke during the period from 2003-2006 as "The Great Moderation" (economic cycles had been tamed) and then, as the global imbalances grew, labeling them "the Global Glut of Savings" (China, Japan and other countries supposedly saved too much). Instead, I and others labeled this a growing global bubble of fiat currencies, led by the US dollar, acting as a global reserve currency. The crisis was one of macro-economic management - sinking under mounting deficits, debt and compound interest, while facing growing systemic risks due to deregulation in the global casino. Nassim Nicholas Taleb pointed out all these conceptual errors in "Fooled by Randomness" (2005) and "The Black Swan" (2007), digging even deeper into the fallacies of the human mind, including confirmation bias, herd behavior and excessive optimism verified by behavioral psychologists. Mathematician Benoît Mandelbrot warned of the limits of statistical models of probability and risk informed by Gaussian normal distribution "bell curves." Fat tails, black swans and perfect storms entered the language, but instead of examining these human perceptual errors, they became excuses for Robert Rubin and his protégés, Larry Summers, Tim Geithner, as well as central bankers, Wall Street CEOs and asset managers - all claiming that "no one could have predicted the financial crises." As Richard Bookstaber described in "A Demon of Our Own Design", Wall Street's financial models were bound to fail. The truth is that thousands of critics, scholars and market players, including the author accurately predicted and warned of the coming debacle - but were ignored by the leading elites in business, government and academia. 7,8 Mainstream media accepted conventional wisdom, funded by advertising from incumbent industries and their financial allies while their lobbyists took control of Congress. After the half-hearted reforms of Dodd-Frank, the IMF, the World Bank, the BIS and the G-20, how can a paradigm shift allow new voices, new models and more accurate modeling and control of systemic risk to emerge in the global financial system? First, we must recognize the crises we face are not black swans, fat tails or perfect storms, but symptoms of our limited perception, fragmentary reductionist mindsets, models, research methods and academic curricula , particularly in economics and business schools. Second, we must move beyond economics to capture all their "externalities" in multi-disciplinary frameworks, systems models, multiple metrics and pluralistic research, such as that pioneered by the US Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) on whose founding Technology Assessment Advisory Council I was honored to serve from 1974 until 1980. This useful messenger, with its ground-breaking research, now copied in many countries, was decapitated by Congress in 1996 by Speaker Newt Gingrich and his Republican colleagues. Luckily, OTA's studies are still highly relevant and archived at Princeton University and the University of Maryland. Signs of awakening include new memes, including describing fragmented approaches as "silos" and narrow research as "stovepipe information" with frequent calls to "connect the dots." Equally urgent are the phasing out of all the hundreds of billions of dollars of perverse subsidies propping up obsolete, incumbent companies and industries still blocking the emergence of cleaner, greener information-rich technologies and new companies. Governments' conceptual confusion over climate issues is evident in still subsidizing carbon-based industries while at the same time trying to cap and price carbon emissions. This Green Transition to the Solar Age is underway as we gradually exit the earlier, fossil-fueled Industrial Era. Ethical Markets Media measures private investments since 2007 in solar, wind, energy efficiency, renewables and smart infrastructure worldwide in our Green Transition Scoreboard®.++ Meanwhile, a below 1% financial transaction tax on all transactions can curb high frequency trading and currency speculators, limit positions by hedge funds and other institutional investors - while sparing legitimate hedging by commercial firms. Such long-debated taxes proposed by James Tobin in the 1970s and Larry Summers in his 1989 paper are now supported by the EU and are on the G-20's agenda. 9,10 To finally correct our money-creation ceded to private banks by Congress in 1913 through the Federal Reserve system, Congress could enact the Monetary Reform Act long proposed and vetted by seasoned market veterans of the American Monetary Institute. This would entail a rolling readjustment in money issuance - now obviously dysfunctional under the Fed and private banks, and return it to a public function as in the US Constitution. Meantime, many states could adopt state banking as in North Dakota, the only state with a surplus and full employment - unharmed by the depredations of Wall Street extractions from Main Street.$$ I agree with others from E.F. Schumacher, author of "Small is Beautiful" (1973), Simon Johnson, author of "13 Bankers" (2009), Laurence Kotlikoff, author of "Jimmy Stewart is Dead" (2009) to Nassim Nicholas Taleb: if systems are too large and interconnected to manage and banks are "too big to fail," then they need to be carefully dismantled and decentralized to restore diversity and resilience following nature's design principles. Monetary monocultures now on a global scale have demonstrably failed. Healthy, homegrown, local economies need protection from global bankers and their casino. Complementary local currencies and peer-to-peer finance are flourishing. && Bloated financial sectors can be downsized and returned to their role of serving real economies. In the USA, small non-profit community development finance institutions (CDFIs) are growing to fill the needs of micro-businesses.11 Trickle down economics has failed utterly, even as the politicians and central bankers still believe that pouring taxpayers funds and printed money into big banks and bloated financial sectors will somehow trickle down to Main Street and local businesses. Instead of creating US jobs, the rest of us see the Wall Street traders and big asset managers investing these funds in China, India, Brazil and other emerging markets where US multinationals have shifted their plants, jobs and research. Worse still, big banks take the Fed's funds and rather than lending to Main Street, use it for gambling on currencies, oil, interest rates and other derivatives. All this money-creation is fueling currency wars. Hopefully, all this together with ballooning debts, deficits and un-repayable compound interest, the foreclosure and mortgage securitization scandals and auditing Fannie, Freddie and the Fed, will provide enough evidence to Washington and voters in many countries of the needed paradigm shift and new policies. Calls in the USA for facing up to these painful truths are coming from all sides, from Republicans including Congressman Ron Paul to Democrats including Congressman Dennis Kucinich and Independents including Senators Bernie Sanders and Byron Dorgan. Indeed, Republicans and Democrats are now both minority parties as most voters are now independents. Exposing all the statistic illusions, inoperative models, dysfunctional economic dogmas - including their unsustainable offspring: debt-based money and compound interest - can begin the Green Transition to the emerging economies of the 21st century. The new coalition is now visible: responsible and green investors and companies, environmentalists, Millennials, progressive labor unions and their pension funds, students, independent media and voters, systems thinkers, futurists and academics pioneering new courses in sustainability, as well as dispossessed homeowners, jobless workers, professionals and veterans eager to put their skills to work - all are ready to help grow the green economies of the future. Peter Söderbaum, "Nobel Prize in Economics Diminishes the Value of Other Nobel Prizes" Dagens Nyheter, October 10, 2004. Hazel Henderson, "The Cuckoo's Egg in the Nobel Prize Nest, " Inter Press Service, October 2006. Hazel Henderson, "Abolish the 'Nobel' in Economics? Many Scientists Agree, " Inter Press Service, 2004. Harlan Cleveland, Hazel Henderson and Inge Kaul, eds., The UN: Policy and Financing Alternatives (London: Elsevier Science Press, 1995). Don Tapscott and Anthony Williams, Macrowikinomics (London: Penguin, 2010). "King plays God" The Economist, October 26, 2010. Hazel Henderson, Building a Win-Win World (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 1996). Hazel Henderson, "New Markets and New Commons," Futures 27, no.2 (1995):113-124. Larry Summers and Victoria Summers, "When Financial Markets Work Too Well: A cautious case for a securities transactions tax" Journal of Financial Services Research 3, no. 2-3 (1989): 261-286. Hazel Henderson, "Financial Transaction Taxes: The Common Sense Approach" Responsible Investor, October 19, 2010. Mark Pinsky, "Help for Small Businesses: Loans are just a start" Businessweek, Oct. 25, 2010. * See http://www.ethicalmarkets.com/2010/10/22/the-nobel-family-dissociates-it... ** See http://www.calvert-henderson.com/current.htm ++ See http://www.greentransitionscoreboard.com/ $$ See http://www.ethicalmarkets.com/2010/01/08/escape-from-pottersville-the-no... && See http://www.ethicalmarkets.com/2009/03/31/democratizing-finance/ Founder, Ethical Markets Media; Fellow, World Academy of Art & Science efficient markets Green transitiion Organization Abolishes Scarcity Organizing International Food Security Boundless Frontiers of Untold Wealth Mediterranean - EU Community for a New Era of Mankind The World in 2052 - Ian Johnson Rethinking Growth: The Need for a New Economics - Roberto Peccei The Evolution of Wealth & Human Security: The Paradox of Value and Uncertainty - Orio Giarini & Garry Jacobs - Hazel Henderson The Moral Arc of History - Robert W. Fuller Mediation of Conflicts by Civil Society - Melanie Greenberg, Robert J. Berg & Cora Lacatus Rising Expectations, Social Unrest & Development - Ashok Natarajan Brief History of Alternative Dispute Resolution in the USA - Michael McManus & Brianna Turn Towards Unity: Converting Crises into Opportunities - Garry Jacobs In Search of Failure's Silver Lining - Bengt-Arne Vedin DOCUMENTS & BOOKS Report on Activities of WAAS and Club of Rome Program Framework for the World Academy of Art & Science Towards Green Growth - Michael Marien Taming Global Governance Idea Chaos: A "Frontier Frame" for Recent Books	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line40
__label__cc	0.707324	0.292676	Directory of Utah Artists arranged by media. Painting. Setsuko Yoshida Setsuko Yoshida is a native of Kyoto, Japan now based in Salt Lake City. Her paintings in watercolor and acrylic are inspired by the writings of Persian mystic poet Rumi and Zen authors like Basho. 15 Bytes Michael Zetterquist Michael Zetterquist is a self-taught Salt Lake City artist. 15 Bytes Kristine Zanno-Kratky Kristine Zanno-Kratky earned a BFA from the State University of New York at New Paltz. Now living in Heber City, she finds constant inspiration working from Utah’s unique landscapes. 15 Bytes Bonnie Zinanti Bonnie Zinanti says “I have been painting since before I was born, love to experiment and have yet to settle into a style. Watercolors call to me.” 15 Bytes Dallyn Zundel Dallyn Zundel is an illustrator and painter living in Orem. He graduated with honors from Art Center College of Design in Pasadena, California in 1992 with a degree in illustration after attending Ricks College in Rexburg, Idaho. He paints plein aire landscapes in oil and his illustrations are […] Jim Zinanti Jim Zinanti creates a mixture of modernistic “engineering art”, expressions of nature, and some off-the-wall stuff. 15 Bytes Daren Young Daren Young is a Salt Lake City artist with a BFA from University of Utah and MFA from Vermont College of Fine Arts. He works in oil, watercolor, drawing, and intaglio media in a representational technique that can be described as stylized realism. 15 Bytes Brent Godfrey Brent Godfrey uses the painting process to translate objects, figures and landscapes into physical metaphor. Combining varying degrees of abstraction and representation. He explores identity and memory, interpersonal relationships, societal structures and global connections. 15 Bytes Paris Gerrard Paris Gerrard 15 Bytes Susan Gallacher Susan Gallacher is a plein-air painter and native Utahan. Scenery around her Spring City studio impassions her landscape painting, while her Salt Lake studio inspires her portrait and still life’s. In 1984, she established King’s Cottage Gallery and Studio. 15 Bytes Jerry Fuhriman Jerry Fuhriman is a native of northern Utah, where he spends much of his time translating the local landscape into shimmering oil paintings. Aaron Fritz Aaron Fritz focuses on Landscapes and Regional land markers. He is expressionist painter using heavy texture, glazing and color. He uses simplistic layers to achieve a contemporary look. ‹ Newer 1 … 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 … 24 Older ›	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line56
__label__cc	0.715433	0.284567	Teacher Blogs > The Book Whisperer See our Teachers news coverage Donalyn Miller is a 6th grade language arts teacher in Texas who is said to have a "gift": She can turn even the most reluctant (or, in her words, "dormant") readers into students who can't put their books down. Donalyn is the author of The Book Whisperer: Awakening the Inner Reader in Every Child (Jossey-Bass/Education Week Press). She first appeared in teachermagazine.org in the popular"Creating Readers" Ask The Mentor column. She writes about how to inspire and motivate student readers, and responds to issues facing teachers and other leaders in the literacy field. « The Fate of Reading \| Main \| Just One More Book » Parenting: A Field Guide By Donalyn Miller on August 17, 2009 11:21 PM My recent radio chat with Dr. Patricia Anderson from Parenting: A Field Guide aired today. Download the podcast and enjoy our discussion about books, children, and reading. What the Kardashians Taught Me About Reading Instruction (No, For Real) Books That Build Community Guess My Lexile 2012 Amelia Elizabeth Walden Book Award Finalists Announced Select a Month... September 2012 August 2012 July 2012 June 2012 May 2012 April 2012 March 2012 February 2012 January 2012 December 2011 November 2011 October 2011 September 2011 August 2011 July 2011 June 2011 May 2011 April 2011 March 2011 February 2011 January 2011 December 2010 November 2010 September 2010 August 2010 July 2010 June 2010 May 2010 April 2010 March 2010 February 2010 January 2010 December 2009 November 2009 October 2009 September 2009 August 2009 July 2009 June 2009 May 2009 April 2009 March 2009 February 2009 January 2009 December 2008 November 2008 October 2008 September 2008 August 2008 July 2008 June 2008 May 2008 April 2008 March 2008 February 2008 January 2008 December 2007 November 2007 widget-Blogroll widget-Sitemeter widget-Technorati widget-blogfeed widget-syndicationfeeds	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line68
__label__wiki	0.916588	0.916588	Famous Collingwood coach has collectibles for auction Items belonging to the legendary Collingwood player and coach Jock McHale will be a highlight of E.J. Ainger’s special sale from noon Sunday April 6 at 433 Bridge Road, Richmond. Born in Sydney, McHale moved to Melbourne as a child where he attended the Christian Brothers College in East Melbourne before leaving school to work at the nearby McCracken Brewery (later bought out by Carlton United Breweries). At the same time, he joined Australian Rules football club Coburg, where he immediately impressed and was spotted by Collingwood. Huge Portland auction to attract buyers from everywhere Following its recent successful clearing sale for Peter Brummell, Glenelg Auctions is faced with another huge auction of 1600 lots from 10.30am Sunday April 6 at 109 Learmonth Street, Portland. The auction features a comprehensive range of Australian art including six works by leading artist Hugh Sawrey, Cathleen Edkins’ Still Life – Her Garden, and paintings by Joseph Frost, Ray Crooke, Ernest Buckmaster, Tom Offord, John Eldershaw, Norman Lindsay, Basil Hadley, Follen Bishop and Taylor Ghee. Military memorabilia and old lamps among auction attractions Military memorabilia and old lamps are among the attractions to Young’s Auctions latest sale from 9.30am Friday April 4 at 229 Camberwell Road, East Hawthorn. The lamps include an early 20th century ship’s masthead lantern and old railway workmen’s lights. Among the military items are German World War I picklehaub helmets and percussion cap rifles. The auction also contains vintage typewriters from the collection of former champion European speedway motorcyclist Romanian Emeric Somlo who migrated to Australia in 1965. Blackman auction a rare chance for art lovers The Charles Blackman Fundraising Auction presents art lovers with a once in a lifetime opportunity to buy one of the iconic artist’s works at prices not likely to be seen again for a long time. The auction, from 2.30pm Tuesday April 1 at Mossgreen 926-930 High Street Armadale, comprises the bulk of Charles Blackman’s drawings, paintings and editions now left in his studio. The collection is being auctioned to help pay for the round-the-clock carers the 86-year-old artist now requires for health reasons. Diamond and turquoise suite - an auction for jewellery lovers A striking diamond and turquoise suite by ground-breaking American jewellery designer David Webb (1925-1975) will be a major attraction at Sotheby’s Australia jewellery auction from 6pm Tuesday at the company’s new premises Level 9, 41 Exhibition Street, Melbourne. David Webb, who made the suite (catalogue estimate $230,000-$280,000) about 1970, was renowned for his bold, powerful and colourful designs and paved the way for contemporary designers by creating jewellery as art. Swarovski crystal a popular auction item Several Swarovski crystal ornaments will be part of Young’s Auctions latest sale from 9.30am Friday March 28 at 229 Camberwell Road, East Hawthorn. Popular particularly among Asian buyers, the crystal ornaments include a pair featuring the wonders of the sea and several other individual silver crystal creations. There are still several Royal Doulton character jugs remaining from last week’s massive sale, however, auction goers will no doubt be interested in some of the latest art offerings – which include paintings by A.A. Prout, Brian Nash and Brian Cox. Ainsworth collection offers several large canvases Several large scale canvases by some of the most well-known Australian indigenous and non-indigenous artists are among highlights of the K.D.H Ainsworth collection to be auctioned from 7pm Wednesday March 26 by Deutscher and Hackett at 105 Commercial Road, South Yarra. Three works by leading Kimberley artist Paddy Bedford, who died in July 2007, are in the sale. Unseen von Guerard heads to auction after 145 years An unseen colonial Western District painting by Eugene von Guerard entitled View of Mt Sturgeon and Mt Abrupt from the Crater of Bald Hill 1856, 1869 and still housed in its original Isaac Whitehead frame has emerged from obscurity to be the major feature of Leonard Joel’s fine art auction from 6.30pm Tuesday March 25 at 333 Malvern Road, South Yarra. The painting was never exhibited and until now was unknown to academics and institutions. Instead, it was cherished for four generations within the one family. Jewellery auction a showcase for classics An antique Victorian locket featuring a classic bird and nest design from Harry Emanuel in London and still in its original fitted box is a highlight of Leonard Joel’s jewellery auction from 6.30 Monday March 24 at 333 Malvern Road, South Yarra. The auction is in two parts with the second segment continuing at 10.30am on Thursday March 26. Other features include an antique diamond locket and chain, a tourmaline and diamond necklace and a loose pink diamond weighing almost half a carat and with a catalogue estimate of $125,000-$150,000. Russian silver an auction drawcard Among Philips Auctions latest decorative arts sale (from noon tomorrow at 47 Glenferrie Road, Malvern) are two collections – one, 19th century milk glassware and small “end of day” vases by various well-known glassmakers, the other Russian and English silver dating from the 17th century. The glassware belonged to solicitor the late Robert McCracken, whose ancestors, brothers Robert and Peter, migrated from Scotland in 1841 and established a brewery that was eventually taken over by Carlton United.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line76
__label__wiki	0.500616	0.500616	Review: Jeff Mizushima's "Etienne!" Etienne! 2009. Written, directed and edited by Jeff Mizushima. Produced by Giacun Caduff, Joel David Moore, Jeremy Boreing, and Kurt Schemper. Cinematography by Tim van der Linden, Eric Kim, and Jeff Mizushima. Original score by Mark Bachle. Sound design by Katsuyuki Ueno. Cast: Richard Vallejo (Richard), Megan Harvey (Elodie), Molly Livingston (Molly), Matt Garron (Matt), Caveh Zahedi (Man in Coat), Thibault Debaveye (Backpacker), Marisa Pedroso (Marion), Vittorio E. Razi (Vittorio), Rachel Stolte (Rachel), Solon Bixler (Solon). The premise of Jeff Mizushima’s debut feature Etienne! at first blush seems almost toxically quirky: Richard (Richard Vallejos), a shy, pudgy introvert, finds out his beloved hamster companion, named Etienne, has cancer. He decides to take the hamster out on a road trip to show him the world (or at least San Francisco) in the week he supposedly has left to live. This scenario seems ripe for the sort of winking, supercilious irony that has infected far too many American independent productions. However, Mizushima refuses to take such an easy route, and instead has crafted a genuinely heartfelt and endearingly earnest film that is as generous to all its characters as Richard is to the beloved pet he dotes on. This, plus a canny evocation of 1970’s cinema in its credits design and visuals, makes Etienne! a uniquely delightful film. At the outset, Richard has just gotten a job as a maintenance man at a hotel after a decidedly odd job interview and first-day orientation. Richard is a genial, soft-spoken man sporting a distinctive handlebar mustache who talks to and interacts with others, but who clearly is much more comfortable around his constant companion Etienne. In the grand tradition of Benji, Lassie, and Milo and Otis, Etienne (played by multiple hamsters, all named in the end credits) is as instantly memorable a character as the humans in the story, making Richard’s devotion to this creature immediately believable and ultimately very moving. Although the film’s focus is squarely on Richard, room is made for several other characters, as expertly drawn as the protagonist. One is Richard’s roommate Matt (Matt Garron), as gregarious as Richard is introverted, who spends his time laying down screeching vocals on thrash-rock tracks, and regales his girlfriend with stories about battling ninjas. Richard meets other people during his road trip with Etienne, most notably a French backpacker-scientist (Thibault Debaveye), a despondent man searching for his lost poodle (Vittorio E. Razi), and a traveling musician couple (indie-rock duo Great Northern, who contribute a lovely song dedicated to the hamster). The person Richard meets on his trip who gets the most screen time is Elodie (Megan Harvey), who embarks on a road trip of her own, taking a break from her college studies, and fleeing a failed relationship. Her sadness forms a corollary to Richard’s grief over his dying hamster; the film floats the possibility of the two of them having a more significant encounter beyond the narrative. Another significant character is a pinhole cameraman (Caveh Zahedi, writer/director/star of I Am a Sex Addict), who separately employs both Richard and Elodie to be in his photographs. The sequences with the photographer are the occasion for some strikingly beautiful passages of nature. The photographer opines on how randomness is part of the process in creating his photos; and Etienne! adopts this philosophy as its narrative strategy, showing us how random encounters with others often prove to be life-altering. Etienne! will play a week-long engagement from September 3-9 at the reRun Gastropub Theater, a wonderful space in Brooklyn that forms the ideal setting for this immensely charming and intimately scaled film. To purchase tickets, visit the theater’s website. Labels: Jeff Mizushima, New Releases, Reviews, US Cinema	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line80
__label__cc	0.660429	0.339571	Colchester Detectives About Colchester Detectives. Part of LocalPI. Tenant Background Check Buy online or submit your trace information today Colchester Detectives' background check will provide you with as much information as possible. Typically, this could include: Financial background Identity checks Reference checks Relationship status / history Criminal history What We Need To provide the above, we require a full name and at least ONE of the following: Previous address For Free Advice Phone: 01206 209 489 To book a background check today or to find out more information, call 01206 209 489 or get in touch via our contact page or submit your background check information today. Buy online with confidence from Colchester Detectives. Or speak to a Case Manager to find out more. You are purchasing 1 x tenant background check. If your purchase is completed before 7pm Mon - Sat, your Case Manager will contact you within the hour. Otherwise you will be contacted before 10am the following business day. £660.00 (inc VAT) Background Check £660.00 (inc VAT) Employee Background Check Additionally, Colchester Detectives assign each client a dedicated Case Manager - office based and availble throughout the investigation 9 St John's Street CO2 7NN Email Us mail@colchesterdetectives.co.uk Colchester Detectives Blog Why Choose Colchester Detectives? Colchester Detectives experienced management team and highly skilled private investigators ensure that your case is carried out professionally and efficiently. More About Colchester Detectives Colchester Detectives FAQ What kinds of expenses will I be required to pay? View Colchester Detectives FAQs I was in a situation that I couldn't resolve without professional help. I felt that because my situation was so emotional, and to do with adultery, I wanted a... Ailish, Aberdeen A first-rate service, with friendly staff and very competitive prices! Aaron, Peterhead My company has hired Aylesbury Detectives a few times over the years to gather evidence for us, and they have worked discreetly at all times. Their... Mike, Buckingham Hiring a private investigator is not something I would normally do, but I was in a situation that I simply couldn't resolve on my own. I needed evidence that... David, Bath About Colchester Colchester Detectives have been operating in Colchester and the South East for almost 20 years. During the siege of Colchester in the Civil War, a Royalist sniper known as One-Eyed Thompson sat in the belfry of the church of St Mary-at-the-Walls (Humpty Dumpty sat on the wall) and was given the nickname Humpty Dumpty. Colchester is the largest town within the borough of Colchester in Essex, England. At the time of the census in 2001 Colchester had a population of 104,390. Colchester is the oldest recorded Roman town in Britain. Colchester claims to be the oldest town in Britain. Colchester was for a time the capital of Roman Britain and also claims to have the United Kingdom's oldest recorded market. Colchester is 60 miles (97 km) northeast of London. Colchester is connected to the capital by the A12 road and the Great Eastern Main Line. Many of Colchester's parish churches date from this period. In 1189, Colchester was granted its first royal charter by King Richard I (Richard the Lionheart.) Colchester developed rapidly during the later fourteenth century as a centre of the woollen cloth industry, and became famous in many parts of Europe for its russets (fabrics of a grey-brown colour). Colchester is noted for its Victorian architecture. Since 2006, Colchester has been one of 12 places in the UK where Royal Salutes are fired to mark Royal anniversaries and visits by foreign heads of state. Colchester competes in the Twin Town Games against Wetzlar, Avignon, OrlÃ©ans, Tarragona, and Siena. One of Colchester's twin towns is Wetzlar, Germany (1969). One of Colchester's twin towns is Avignon, France (1972). One of Colchester's twin towns is Imola, Italy (1997). Colchester is reputed to be the home of three of the best known English nursery rhymes: 'Old King Cole', 'Humpty Dumpty' and 'Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star'. Local legend places Colchester as the seat of King Cole (or Coel) of the rhyme Old King Cole, a legendary ancient king of Britain. Colchester is also the most widely credited source of the rhyme Humpty Dumpty. Colchester has also been suggested as one of the potential sites of Camelot, on account of having been the capital of Roman Britain and its ancient name of Camulodunum. Professional, efficient and discreet private investigator services in 158 UK cities, backed by an extensive UK network. Colchester Detectives serve Colchester and localities throughout the South East. Colchester Detectives, consistently and successfully providing investigation services for Colchester and the wider area since 1999. Serving Colchester, Blackheath, Braiswick, Lexden, Wivenhoe. Lie Detector Testing in Colchester Tracing Services in Colchester Background Checks in Colchester Business Investigations in Colchester Unfaithful Partner Investigations in Colchester Debugging in Colchester Proof of Cohabitation Investigations in Colchester Affordable private investigator services offered by Colchester Detectives in Colchester and the region of the South East. Business class private investigation services for companies and service providers in Colchester and the South East. Vehicle Tracking for Businesses in Colchester Private investigator services tailored to solicitors and legal professionals based in Colchester and the South East. Our private investigator services in Colchester are invaluable for councils, authorities and non-profit organisations. Specialist private investigator services for companies, employers and recruiters in Colchester and and the South East. About Colchester Detectives Colchester Detectives Sunday Service What is your success rate in providing evidence? How do I pay you? Can I trust your company? In which areas do you operate? What hours are you open? What happens in the investigation when you are doing surveillance on my partner? The only agency in the area offering female agents First-rate service Well worth a recommendation Professional manner... No corner-cutting! They investigated very thoroughly Always supported me The portal is a revelation! Colchester Detectives - 95% Success Rate, 100% Legal If you have any questions about our private investigations services in Colchester, or private detective packages, then don't hesitate to call our friendly team on 01206 209 489 or contact us via the website. Colchester Detectives - The No1 Detective Agency in Colchester 9 St John's Street, Colchester, CO2 7NN Serving Colchester, Blackheath, Braiswick, Lexden, Wivenhoe and all areas in and around the South East Colchester Detective Agency Colchester Private Detective Colchester Private Investigator the South East Detective Agency the South East Private Detective the South East Private Investigator Private Investigator in Colchester Private Detective in Colchester Private Detective Agency in Colchester Detective Agency in Colchester Private Investigator Agency in Colchester Detective Company in Colchester Detective Firm in Colchester Investigator Company in Colchester Investigator Firm in Colchester Private Investigator Company in Colchester Private Investigator Firm in Colchester © 1998 - 2019 Colchester Detectives	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line90
__label__wiki	0.709411	0.709411	SudanTribune.com: Sudan’s opposition to give its response on draft framework agreement Saturday June 22, 2019 (KHARTOUM) - The opposition Forces for Freedom and Change (FFC) will announce Saturday its position on a draft framework agreement made by the Ethiopian mediator Mahmoud Dirir. Dirir upon his return to Khartoum on Thursday met with the opposition and handed over a draft Declaration of Principles on Transitional Arrangements based on his consultations with them and the Transitional Military Council (TMC) In a short statement released late on Friday, the FFC confirmed the receipt of the draft proposal and said they will make public their response on Saturday. "This document is now subject to discussion within the forces of the Declaration of Freedom and Change, which will meet Ethiopian mediator Mahmoud Dirir on Saturday to inform him about its position on the proposal," said the statement. Opposition sources told Sudan Tribune that the draft agreement was approved by the FFC factions and they will inform him that during Saturday’s meeting. However, the sources declined to disclose the content of the agreement as they expect that the Ethiopian mediator will make it after consulting the military junta. The FFC suspended talks with the TMC on 3 June after the killing of over a hundred protesters by Sudanese military forces who raided the pro-democracy sit-in. TMC officials seemed inclined to approve the proposal as they insisted in a statement on the need for a national consensus. The Deputy Chairman Mohamed Hamdan Daglo "Hemetti" said they want a comprehensive solution accepted by all the parties" adding they do not "want them (the FFC) tomorrow resume protest," he said on Thursday. Previously, he sought to mobilize popular support for the military council saying they want to form the transitional government from all the segments of the Sudanese society. The African Union’s Peace and Security Council is expected to discuss the situation in Sudan after the end of the delay given to the military council to hand over power to civilian-led administration on 30 June. The Regional Partners of the Sudan, in a meeting convened by the Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi explicitly, called on the military council to resume talks with the FFC on the remaining aspect of an agreement reached last May to avoid accusations that they encourage the TMC to exclude the opposition.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line96
__label__wiki	0.704196	0.704196	Detail & Scale Books Quick Links to Available Detail & Scale Series Publications. Detail & Scale Series F3H Demon in Detail & Scale ******** F2H Banshee in Detail & Scale, Pt. 1 SBD Dauntless in Detail & Scale F-102 Delta Dagger in Detail & Scale F4F & FM Wildcat in Detail & Scale F-8 & RF-8 Crusader in Detail & Scale Military Aviation Websites: Scale Modeling Websites: DECAL SHEET REVIEW Fündekals BOAC PR. Mk.IV de Haviland Mosquito The de Haviland Mosquito is well known as England’s multi-role bomber, heavy fighter, recce, and night fighter of WWII that was constructed almost entirely of wood. One of the most interesting and secretive jobs the Mossie carried out in RAF servise was as a fast transport. Operated by the British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC), they carried small high-value cargoes to and from neutral countries while crossing hostile, Nazi-controlled airspace. Some 520 BOAC flights were made between 1942-1945 under the guise of delivering mail, diplomatic pouches, and newspapers and magazines to neutral countries. The thirteen BOAC Mossies were repainted to remove all national insignia and modified to carry up to four passengers – many of whom were OSS and MI6 agents. BOAC flights also carried intelligence data back to the UK, as well as high-quality ball bearings from Sweden. These were also the fastest Mosquitos in the air, by virtue of being stripped of all armament and armor. Fündekals is a lower-cost but high-quality decal manufacturer who typically does a print run of a subject and then moves on. Most of their releases focus on WWII subjects, but they often go into more diverse territory as well. Their BOAC Mosquito PR. Mk. IV sheet covers two schemes worn by one BOAC Mossie: Mosquito PR. Mk. IV, DZ411/G-AGFV, BOAC, RAF Leuchars, Scotland, 1943-1944 These decals are beautifully printed and are in perfect register. Carrier film is precisely applied right at the edges of each decal. In all, they look great and receive outstanding scores for print quality, subject matter, and detail. These decals are sized to fit the Tamiya kit. Speaking of subject matter, this particular airplane, G-AGFV, was the only PR. Mk. IV modified for BOAC missions. And of all the stripped down fast Mossies, this was probably the fastest of them all, at least for a time, owing to additional powerplant modifications. The decals cover the first incarnation of G-AGFV wearing the temperate land camouflage scheme colors as well as the later temperate sea camouflage scheme more befitting flights over the North Sea. The historical notes and photos that accompany these decals are also top-notch, reveal the depth of research done on this subject and add truly fulfilling depth to the history behind this particular airplane and the broader missions it flew. To keep costs down for the scale modeler, the instructions are not printed and included with the decals. As with all Fündekals products, the markings guide is available as a PDF file that can be downloaded from their website. Here’s the link for the instructions: http://www.fundekals.com/images/f8_Mosquito_PRIV/BOAC_MosquitoPRIV_Inst_12-16-2015.pdf Many thanks to Jonathan Strickland and Fündekals for the review sample. You can find and purchase this and other Fündekals sheets on the web at: http://www.fundekals.com/ Haagen Klaus Scale Modeling News & Reviews Editor (Return to top of page) Click on the thumbnails below to view a larger image.** Just Released! JET FIGHTERS OF THE U. S. NAVY AND MARINE CORPS PART 1: THE FIRST TEN YEARS Detail & Scale Special Edition Books U. S. Navy and Marine Carrier-Based Aircraft of World War II Attack on Pearl Harbor, Japan Awakens a Sleeping Giant Colors & Markings Series Colors & Markings of U. S. Navy F-14 Tomcats, Part 1: Atlantic Coast Squadrons Colors & Markings of the F-102 Delta Dagger Part 2: Pacific Web Page Last Updated: July 11, 2019 Copyright © 2010 www.detailandscale.com. All images © to the respective photographers or illustrators. All rights reserved.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line100
__label__wiki	0.586035	0.586035	Items filtered by date: October 2016 Summary of Vietnam School Milk Programme Friday, 21 October 2016 12:01 Published in Uncategorised Tong Xuan Chinh, Department of Livestock Production, Ministry of Agriculture and rural Development of Vietnam The Prime Minister did approve the National School Milk Programme for improving nutritional state and enhancing physical conditions of nursery school children and primary school pupils to 2020. The objective of the programme is to improve the nutrition of nursery school children and primary school pupils through the daily provision of milk in order to reduce malnutrition, enhance children stature and physical strength. The programme will achieve the following goals: By 2020, 90% of urban and 60% of rural parents and custodians whose children participate in the School Milk Programme receive nutrition education. By 2020, 100% preschool children and primary school pupils living in poor districts are participating in the School Milk Programme. By 2020, 70% preschool children and primary school pupils in urban and rural areas are participating in the School Milk Programme; By 2020, energy requirements of preschool children and primary school pupils are met by 90%-95% By 2020, the proportion of animal protein over protein total of children’s diets taken by preschool children and primary school pupils rises by 40% By 2020, meeting requirements of iron, calcium, vitamin D for preschool children and primary school pupils increases by 30% By 2020, reducing the underweight malnutrition of preschool children and primary school pupils with average of 0.6%/year. By 2020, reducing the stunting malnutrition of preschool children and primary school pupils with average of 0.7%/year. By 2020, an average height of primary school age’s children (6 years old) increases from 1.5 cm to 2.0 cm in both sexes compared with 2010. Annual budget of the programme will be partly covered by the central and provincial governments. However, it is expecting that the majority of the programme is sponsored by dairy companies, career associations, international organization, individuals, etc. in the framework of annual charity programmes. The most important issue for the Vietnam School Milk Proramme is how to develop national dairy quality standards and regulationa for the School Milk Programme, to manage liquid milk products derived from 100% fresh raw milk and from reconstituted imported milk powder and to set up technical barriers to support domestic dairy raising. The ten strategic objectives constituting the Sustainability Framework of Dairy Asia Meet rising demand for dairy products by sustainable increases in milk productivity and farm profitability. Integrate small-scale producers in the modern value chain through promotion of fair and efficient markets. Protect and enhance human health by improving dairy food quality and safety and by enabling consumers to make informed choices on the benefits and risks of dairy products as part of the diet. Enhance resilience and adaptability of dairy systems by strengthening stakeholder capacity to cope with production (which would include climate risks) and market risks and enhancing innovation’. Protect and restore terrestrial ecosystems by minimizing the dairy sector’s environmental footprint. Combat climate change by reducing GHG emissions along the dairy chain. Enhance levels of education through school milk programmes and transfer of knowledge and best practices to all actors involved in the dairy chain. Promote gender equality by ensuring women receive proper recognition for their work in dairy production, processing and marketing and by encouraging women in leadership positions. Improve access to clean affordable energy through promotion of biogas from dairy systems. Strengthen the means of implementation by building national, regional and global platforms for dairy development.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line108
__label__wiki	0.513992	0.513992	Resources for Outside Resources, Disaster The Psychological Cost of Disasters PDF slideshow by Richard Bryant from the University of New South Wales on the psychological costs of disasters for victims. Disaster Action Guide: Reflections on Personal Experience of Disaster This guide was written by members of Disaster Action, who are survivors and bereaved people from disasters including the Zeebrugge ferry sinking, King’s Cross underground fire, Lockerbie aircraft bombing, Hillsborough football stadium tragedy, Marchioness riverboat sinking, Dunblane shootings, Southall and Ladbroke Grove train crashes, the September 11th attacks, the South East Asian Tsunami and the Bali, London and Sharm El Sheikh bombings. Disaster Action Guide: Personal Reflections and Guidelines for Interviewers This Disaster Action guide provides tips for journalists, researchers and university students on approaching victims and survivors of disaster, as well as advice for those who are approached for interviews. Disaster Action: Leaflet for Survivors When Disaster Strikes, Disaster Action's leaflet series for survivors and bereaved, was written by Disaster Action members for those similarly affected by all forms of disaster. The leaflets are all free to download, print and distribute. After the Storm: Louisiana Awaits Help As Media Moves On There’s been too little coverage of what the Red Cross calls the “biggest disaster” to hit America since Sandy, and what coverage there has been has too often been political, writes Irwin Redlener, Director of the National Center for Disaster Preparedness. Safety Guidelines for Covering Nuclear Incidents Journalists who cover news related to nuclear issues are frequently among the first people on the scene when a radiation incident occurs, but their safety is often overlooked, leaving them vulnerable to radiation exposure and other potential harm. To combat that risk, the non-profit group Atomic Reporters, in partnership with the Stanley Foundation, has released a safety guide highlighting basic steps to take when covering these complex issues. National Center for PTSD - Disasters A list of resources from the US Department of Veteran's Affairs on the effects of disasters on victims. Included is a section specifically for media covering disasters. A list of resources and links for studying the effects of natural and manmade disasters on mental health. Red Cross Disaster Safety Checklist Fact sheets, preparedness checklists, recovery guides and other helpful information. CPJ's Journalist Security Guide - Natural Disasters A section of CPJ's Journalist Safety Guide that addresses disaster specific safety considerations, especially for freelancers.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line111
__label__cc	0.584291	0.415709	Eurozone data signals recovery has peaked Eurozone economic growth slowed much more sharply than expected this month, a business survey showed. That fact, along with weaker inflation, has intensified concerns there will be no return to the bloc’s recent boom times. The European Central Bank under president Mario Draghi is expected to end its asset-purchase programme this year and hike interest rates in 2019, a Reuters poll found last month, although policymakers may be concerned to see inflation easing along with growth. While the expansion still remained relatively strong, growth slowed to a 20-month low in the bloc’s largest economy, Germany, and the lowest in a year in a half in number two economy France, according to the latest IHS Markit purchasing managers’ surveys. French unemployment also rose in the first three months of 2018, confounding economists’ expectations for a decline, according to separate official data. The euro fell to a six-month low after the German PMI data, which is released before the eurozone numbers, raised concerns a slowdown in Europe’s biggest economy in recent months was more widespread than previously thought. “Contemplating the eurozone’s growth perspectives we, unfortunately, might have to refer to the famous Looney Tunes catchphrase ‘That’s all folks!’,” noted Peter Vanden Houte, an economist at ING. The Eurozone Composite Flash Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI), seen as a good guide to economic activity, sank in May to an 18-month low of 54.1 from 55.1, below all forecasts in a Reuters poll which predicted a dip to 55.0. Figures above 50.0 in the PMIs suggest expansion. Having outpaced its peers in 2017, expanding at record levels at the turn of the year, eurozone growth has steadily weakened. Forward-looking indicators in the PMIs also deteriorated, suggesting no imminent bounce-back. “May’s fall in the eurozone PMI yet again partly reflected temporary factors, but the continued softness of the surveys in Q2 is certainly a concern. “The declines in the forward-looking components are somewhat worrying,” said Jessica Hinds at Capital Economics. HIS Markit said the PMI, alongside the April reading, pointed to second-quarter growth of 0.4pc, weaker than the 0.6pc prediction in an April Reuters poll. But consumer confidence in the bloc likely held steady this month, a flash estimate from the European Commission is expected to show. (Reuters) ← New data laws will be used as opportunity by cyber criminals: gardaí Adrian Weckler on GDPR: A foolproof guide to what all those emails really mean →	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line112
__label__wiki	0.550389	0.550389	Q&A with Jeff Giles Jeff Giles is the author of the new young adult novel The Edge of Everything. He also is the co-author of the nonfiction book The Terrorist's Son. He has been the deputy managing editor of Entertainment Weekly and worked for Newsweek, and his work has also appeared in Rolling Stone and The New York Times Book Review. He lives in Montana. Q: How did you come up with the idea for The Edge of Everything, and for your characters Zoe and X? A: I was still working at Entertainment Weekly when I started thinking about giving a young adult novel a shot. I knew that I wanted it to be a blend of fantasy and reality (more on this in a second). And then, one day at work, an opening scene popped into my head: A 17-year-old girl goes into a blizzard to save her little brother and their dogs, and stumbles on two men fighting on a frozen lake. One of the guys is trying to drown the other in a hole in the ice. The girl doesn’t want to see anyone die that way—so she gets involved, and it changes her life. The more I thought about the scene, the more it felt like something I could build on. The next step was just trying to figure out who everyone in the scene actually was. I decided to set the book in Montana because I’ve spent a lot of time here. The girl became Zoe, who has just lost her dad, and the “murderer” turns out to be a bounty hunter from a Hell-ish dimension called the Lowlands, who’s come to Montana to take an evil soul. When I was thinking about what sort of hell I wanted the Lowlands to be, I thought it would be interesting if no one had names, because their captors wanted to strip them of all identity and dignity. So I decided that Zoe would name the bounty hunter herself (it seemed weird and romantic), and that’d she name him X to reflect the fact that he was an unknown quantity to her. Q: In an interview with Publishers Weekly, you said, “What I’ve heard is that my book is a slightly unusual mix of realistic contemporary fiction and supernatural.” Is that how you see the book, and what did you see as the right blend of the two as you were writing it? A: I didn’t realize it was an unusual mix until people kept [saying] that it was. I understand now: most fantasy books take place in a fantastical realm from the first page, or at least there’s not such a stark difference between the real world and the imaginary one. Obviously, there are exceptions, but people seemed surprised that the parts set in Montana are very realistic and contemporary, whereas the Lowlands are pure fantasy. I am more comfortable writing the realistic sections, but it was a great challenge and stretch to create an underworld. Q: Did you know how the novel would end before you started writing, or did you make many changes along the way? A: I knew there would be a sequel (my contract is for two books), so I knew The Edge of Everything had to end in a place of uncertainty. I knew the basic plot of Book 2 so I knew what I had to set up in the final pages. And come to think of it, I also knew what the very last sentence would be many months ahead of time. I was dying to type it in. It was a goal I always saw in the distance. I’m just finishing Book 2 now, and I really wish I had a last sentence already in mind. I guess it will be a surprise! Q: How was the book’s title chosen, and what does it signify for you? A: I sold the book with the title “The Mercy Rule,” which is a phrase from kids’ sports (if one team is slaughtering the other, they have to stop the game, basically), and I thought it was a good metaphor for the fact that human beings ought not to victimize and oppress. Both my agent and editor felt that title made the book sound like it had something to do with sports—and I know nothing whatsoever about sports. So I suggested a bunch of other titles, none of which were particularly good. My editor suggested “The Edge of Everything” along with a handful of other ideas, and I liked it immediately. I think it reflects everything that’s at stake in the story, and the fact that Zoe is on the edge of adulthood, love, and life and death. Q: Can you say more about book 2? A: I have one chapter left to write—and then my editing will help me make it shiny and lovely. Book 2 is mostly set in the underworld, and is a darker book in some ways. I’m really happy with it. A: Two old movies were stuck in my head while I was writing. They’re both great “fish out of water” stories, which is largely what The Edge of Everything is. One movie was Witness, with Harrison Ford, and the other was Edward Scissorhands, with Johnny Depp. Witness is about a tough, city cop coming to understand/respect/love an Amish community. His first impulse is always violence but they teach him a different way. Edward Scissorhands (about a fairy-tale type young man who gets adopted by suburbanites) is just a joy from start to finish, but the humor of the movie is what stuck with me. The movies influenced my novel. I wanted to write something that mixed humor, action, and romance—a sort of mash-up of both movies. Q&A with Colleen Oakley Q&A with Jenna Hammond Q&A with Anita Sanchez Q&A with Dina Khapaeva Q&A with Amos N. Guiora Q&A with Phoebe Maltz Bovy Q&A with Ruth Behar Q&A with Michael Lesy Q&A with Lawrence Goldstone Q&A with Carolyn Meyer Q&A with Renée Rosen Q&A with Maria S. Costa Q&A with S. Mitchell Weitzman Q&A with Ann Bevans Q&A with Philip McFarland Q&A with Miriam Busch Q&A with Susan Coll Q&A with Claire LaZebnik Q&A with Kathleen Barber Q&A with Helen Simonson Q&A with Joshua Weiner Q&A with Ryan Lobo Q&A with Mary Losure Q&A with Stuart Isacoff Q&A with Jo Piazza Q&A with Michael Callahan Q&A with Elizabeth Rusch Q&A with David Grann Q&A with Katherine Heiny Q&A with Mary Holland Q&A with Lois V. Harris Q&A with Robert K. Wittman Q&A with Eric D. Goodman Q&A with Steven B. Frank Q&A with Claudia Kalb Q&A with Susan Stockdale Q&A with Adam Piore Q&A with Peter Lourie Q&A with Debbie Bornstein Holinstat Q&A with Steve Roberts Q&A with Rebecca Van Slyke Q&A with Alexis E. Fajardo Q&A with Frank Ahrens Q&A with Katherine Tillotson Q&A with Laura B. Edge Q&A with Will Cleveland and Tate Nation Q&A with John A. Farrell Q&A with Donna Jo Napoli Q&A with Barbara Feinman Todd Q&A with Helen Bate Q&A with Randy Susan Meyers Q&A with Cammie McGovern Q&A with Olivia Sudjic Q&A with Carol Weston Q&A with Kate Alcott Q&A with J. Anderson Coats Q&A with Natasha Wing Q&A with Brad Stone Q&A with Christine Hyung-Oak Lee Q&A with Caroline Starr Rose Q&A with Deborah Kops	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line115
__label__cc	0.559512	0.440488	Texaco Filling Station Maxol Filling Station Crèche & Childcare Café & Sandwich Bar Gocar Bank of Ireland Workbench First Floor Restaurant, Block 3, Blanchardstown Corporate Park, Dublin 15 Excellent opportunity to trade in Blanchardstown Corporate Park. Extensive fully fitted restaurant. Entire extends to approximately 464 sq.m./ 5,000sq.ft. Ample car parking. Highly accessible. The property represents an opportunity for restaurateurs as it is in turn-key condition which requires minimal initial investment. The restaurant occupies a good location and enjoys a large catchment which includes Blanchardstown Corporate Park, Rosemount Business Park, Northwest Business Park, Stadium Business Park, the two nearby I.D.A. Parks, Millennium Business Park and Damastown Business Park. There is limited competition in the area and the restaurant provides a large and extensive kitchen which is ideally suited to an operator to combine the restaurant business with event catering and corporate deliveries. The property occupies an excellent position in the Blanchardstown Corporate Park, on the western side of Blanchardstown Road North, close to the Ballycoolin Road, approximately 10km north-west of Dublin City Centre and approximately 1.6km north of Blanchardstown Town Centre. The location offers occupiers easy access to the N3, N2 and M1 and has attracted a wide spectrum of companies from Ireland and abroad. Some of these include AIB, Texaco, Puma, Nike, IBM, The HSE and Superquinn / Musgrave to name a few. The premises, which forms part of a detached two storey building, incorporates a fully fitted restaurant located at first floor level, accessed via an open thread staircase from the feature entrance. It is fitted out to include plastered and painted walls, spotlighting, wooden flooring, a deli counter, CCTV, ladies and gents toilets located at either side of the entrance and air conditioning. Disabled access is provided by way of a lift, which is also used for the delivery of heavy goods. The entire enjoys the benefit of 15 designated car parking spaces and ample customer car parking. Description Sq.Ft. First Floor: 5,000 Total: 5,000 On application. Available on new flexible lease terms. The annual rates liability for 2013: €10,944. BER: D2 BER No.800131294 Enquiries through sole agents Paul Hipwell Lisney Direct Tel: +353 1 6382732 E-mail: phipwell@lisney.com Deborah Mahon E-mail: dmahon@lisney.com hello@corporatepark.ie // +353 (1) 8209577 Channor, Suite 9, Providence House, Blanchardstown Corporate Park, Dublin 15, Ireland © Copyright Channor Limited 2018	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line133
__label__wiki	0.876237	0.876237	Too Blue – 2003 (Bell Buckle) Reviewed by George Hauenstein Though they fly below the radar of most bluegrass fans and programmers, the Jeanette Williams Band is definitely worth a listen. Formerly Jeanette Williams and Clearwater, this five piece group, fronted by singer/songwriter Williams and her guitarist/writer husband, Johnny, features banjo, mandolin and bass. Becky Buller adds her considerable fiddle talent to many of the songs. JWB handles different kinds of material here, and they do them all well. Included is an ample offering of hard-driving, tunes, "What You Gonna Do," "Mountain Way of Life," both written by Johnny Williams as well as a pair of Lynn Morris tunes, "Don't Tell Me Stories" and "Love Grown Cold," some gospel numbers, "Stormy Waters and "The Blind Beggar" and a terrific clawhammer banjo instrumental, "Squirrel Tail." The most pleasing selections though, are the slower, heartfelt numbers like "Just One Year Ago," and "I Ought To Know You," about an aging parent suffering from Alzheimers. Williams does most of the singing. She possesses a fine voice and can sing the fire out of a song or slow it down and effectively bring home a ballad.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line134
__label__cc	0.58296	0.41704	Messages/Message Notes Healing Place Generosity + Stewardship RTM Assessment Our Pastor, Our Elders, Our Leaders Toby Slough Toby began his ministry career in San Antonio, Texas, working with high school students after graduating from Abilene Christian University in 1986. During his youth ministry years, Toby traveled around the country speaking to teenagers and youth workers. In 1993 he and his family moved to Southlake, Texas, where he became the Preaching Minister for the Southlake Boulevard Church. It was there that God began to birth in him a dream to plant a church in the rural area of Argyle, Texas. In 2000, Toby along with 12 families began the Cross Timbers Community Church in the back of a bar. God has seen fit to bless those humble beginnings and Toby now serves as the Senior Pastor for Cross Timbers, a multi-site church of three campuses with over 4000 in attendance each weekend. Toby and his wife Mika recently celebrated 30 years of marriage. He often says that he married way over his head. His family, including son Ross and daughter-in-law Michelle and daughter Bailey and son-in-law Grant, bring him more joy than any one man could ask for. In his free time, he loves to spend time with his grandkids, fish, read, relax at the beach and garden. Toby has written several books including: Living the Dream, The Great Adventure, God Drives Me Crazy, Normal, and It Is Well. Follow Toby on Instagram: @tobyms Find Toby on Facebook: www.facebook.com/tobyslough Or follow Toby on Twitter: @tobyslough Elder Team Our elder team provides spiritual direction to the Cross Timbers family. They meet together regularly to pray for Toby's direction as he leads us towards our vision of “10,000 spirit filled believers walking in freedom, committed to meeting the needs of the poor and broken both locally and around the world.” From left to right: Bud Stradley, Toby Slough, Dwayne Weehunt, John Chalk, Randy Keene, and Cassidy Lackey Cross Timbers Community Church, 1119 South US Hwy 377 , Argyle, TX 76226(940)-240-5100info@crosstimberschurch.org Contact \| Jobs \| Policies \| Facility \| CT Profile © 2018 Cross Timbers Community Church	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line137
__label__cc	0.720237	0.279763	In which Sly and Doris, who live over 1,000 miles away from us (thank God) call to ask Primo to fix their toilet No, not really. They didn't call Primo to have him repair their running toilet. Or their backed-up sink. Or to take the trash out. They called not once but twice to ask him to repair the wireless connection for their computer. 1. Primo is a PC guy. They have a Mac. 2. Even if Primo were a Mac guy, he is here and they are over 1,000 miles away. Sly called to ask Primo to repair it. Primo told Sly that he could not fix it - that he was not at their house and he did not know what was wrong and they would have to call someone who is actually - you know, THERE. Five minutes later, Doris called Primo to ask him to repair the computer wireless. Primo explained again - because the basic facts of the matter had not changed, that he is HERE and they are THERE. Which makes me think of the Sesame Street sketch about the difference between HERE and THERE. This is a concept that pre-school children have to be taught but eventually, they do grasp it. Primo is HERE. Sly and Doris are THERE. To do the kind of repair that Sly and Doris wanted, Primo would have to be THERE. Some computer repairs can be done over the phone. More than once, I have gone through the phone tree with Time Warner to reset the modem when Primo is gone and I can't just consult my resident engineer. It is indeed handy to be married to someone who can fix things. (I highly recommend marrying an engineer for that exact reason: you will rarely have to call a repairman.) But after Primo explained to Sly, who we all know is the Smartest Man in the World, that Primo could not fix the computer because he was HERE and Sly and the computer were THERE, why did Sly and Doris think the answer would change if Doris called? Did they think that if Doris called, Primo would be tricked into being THERE? Or did they think that Primo was lying to Sly but would be nicer to Doris because he loves and likes her more than he does Sly? Did Sly, who has a PhD and is not dumb but his PhD is in English which blesshisheart does not grant him an understanding of physics, think that Primo could magically be THERE with just one phone call? I don't know the answers to these questions. But I do know that I, with a mere BA in English, understand 1. HERE and THERE and 2. some physics In which Sly and Doris, who live over 1,000 miles ...	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line140
__label__cc	0.737848	0.262152	The Dining Table Napoleon Refighting Napoleonic era battles on a dining table My Aims Category Archives: Miniatures The figures and models I play with My new 1943 vehicles: the Germans 10 May 2019 Miniatures, News, WW21943admin As I was preparing the British vehicles last year, it struck me that I badly needed some German half-tracks to speed things up in German attack scenarios. I had already bought boxes of Plastic Soldier Company SdKfz 250s and 251s, so I put these together. There were three in each box, and I added an extra one of each from PSCs “reinforcements”. For good measure I also added an SdKfz 222 armoured car from my legacy collection. This was over ambitious, but we’re done now. First the SdKfz 251s, sometimes called Hanomags. These were the earliest armoured personnel carriers used by anybody in quantity. The Germans often used them to carry troops into battle under fire in close support of armour, though this led to heavy losses. They used this tactic at Salerno, which gives me a bit of a gaming opportunity. By comparison, though the Allies had M3 or M5 half-tracks, they were slow to use them so aggressively. I had a couple of 251s in my teenage collection (from different manufacturers), and hoped to use at least one of these. But they were seriously under scale, and really wouldn’t have worked next to the 1/72 PSC models. Also they seemed to be based on the early A or B variants, when I wanted the mid-war C (different again from the D, introduced in 1943, and which is the most commonly seen in Normandy). I decided I needed four to make a complete platoon, which included the platoon leader’s version with a 37mm gun, though I have no idea whether they used these in Italy! The models were an early PSC release (fitting in with their initial focus on Kursk), which means that the model is a bit more basic than I was used to, and the instructions very vague, with no explanation of the options. The model is quite chunky, as usual – PSC scale them up from their 15mm (1/100) versions. I had a little difficulty in fitting the top hull section to the middle bit, which necessitated the use of some putty. But the models do the job and are good value for money. PSC provide crew figures (2 in the front, 4 in the back and a gunner), which I used. These figures are a bit chunky and not nearly as nice as AB castings (which would have been available as an option, for quite a bit of extra money). By using some spares from the platoon leader, and the 250s I was able to up the crews by one in each of the ordinary vehicles – still one short of the actual crew. It was a bit of an awkward fit in places, and I tried to get the layout slightly different in each model. Also I used the loader form the 250 for the 37mm gun, and a figure with binoculars. I added an aerial. I’m not sure they were all equipped with radios, but I decided to be generous. The aerials were scale 1m, which looks a little short, so upped it to 1.5m for the platoon leader. Some stowage was added too, but sparingly. Pictures tend to show these vehicles quite clean. Mostly these came from the kits themselves. Next come the SdKfz 250s – the alte version, still in widespread use in 1943. Unlike most half-tracks, this vehicle was purpose built for that mode, and was accordingly more robust. It was used a lot by the German reconnaissance forces – hence my interest, as I think interesting scenarios can be built around reconnaissance forces. Once again I opted for a platoon of four. The leader is a 250/11 with the sPzB 41 anti-tank rifle. This was dismountable, and the kit provides the dismounted carriage both in a folded version to be carried on the back, and the deployed version. I will do a dismounted version when I next do some German infantry, using some surplus crew figures from the PaK 38. The kit was from PSC, but a later issue than the 251, with more options and better instructions. The crew was of similar quality to the 251 kit (and the machine gunner identical). It was the usual chunky fare but fitted together a bit better than the 251. Only three crew were provided per vehicle, when there should really be five. You can’t see that one is missing from the front seat though, so like the 251s there is just one short in the back. It would have been very awkward to try and fit more figures in. I used some of the figures from the 251s to give some variety as well as having the machine gunners pointing in slightly different directions (which mean a bit of surgery to the lower legs in a couple of cases). Aerials and a bit of stowage were added. Finally there is the SdKfz 222 armoured car. I had kept one back from my teenage collection, taken form the old Airfix reconnaissance set. This contained one of these armoured cars, plus a kubelwagen. I kept the latter too, but it is hopelessly under scale, even for 1/76, and unusable. A pity because I had gone wild with the reconnaissance set and I have two or three lots of it unmade and unpainted. The Airfix 222 is a bit of problem as the turret just isn’t right. It’s too small, doesn’t have the mesh covers, and it would be very hard to add a crew figure. But the PSC kits came with a turret for the 250/10 version. So I wondered if I could marry these turrets with my Airfix models to get a platoon of armoured cars. The good news was that notwithstanding the scale difference (1/72 to 1/76), it looked about the right size. The bad news was that it is modelled with the mesh cover closed – in pictures it is always open. I manged to fit it to model, and even to perch a crew member on the back of the turret (there are photos of them doing this). So I thought I would give it a go. By 1943 the SdKfz 222 was a bit passé, as its off-road capability was a bit limited. I think it had largely been replaced by the 250/10. Never mind it’s what I’ve got. Painting the half-tracks provides a bit of a challenge given the partially enclosed nature of the vehicles. I usually like to assemble then paint, but that was clearly impractical. So I assembled the top (including the machine gunner attached) separately from the rest, and then gave it all the darker base coat. I then completed the assembly. That meant I couldn’t reach the lower deck portion of the models to provide any paint detail there. That was OK though – these are only wargames quality after all. As with my previous two attempts at mixing the dunkelgelb main colour, I struggled to get a satisfactory mix. After thinking I had achieved it, I took against it and decided on a remix and repaint. That meant the paint went on a bit thick. Though building up paint in layers with slightly different shades is a recognised painting technique, this was clearly overdone. And I’m still not 100% with the result, which is a bit too grey and has a hint of green (though that was partly down to the wash). Dunkelgelb came it in a wide variety of hues during the war, so there is no such thing as accuracy – but I had hoped for something a bit lighter and yellower. As it is I ended up with something very close the old Humbrol “authentic” shade, so it is well within the realistic range. This is the third successive time I have struggled with this colour and painted many more coats than I originally intended, so there is still a fundamental problem here. One difficulty may be that I have been using student colours, which tend not to dry true – though since this is a high volume job I would like to make these cheaper pigments work. But also I’m attempting to reach the result with a three hue mix (plus white), with yellow ochre, Prussian blue and terracotta red. This leaves far too much room for variation. I need to experiment with two hue mixes. Yellow ochre and black may work (though this is the traditional mix for olive). I am even thinking of using a brighter yellow and purple (my attempt with yellow ochre and purple not working so well when I tried it). This is not an advert for my practice of mixing paints from artist’s colours, rather than the usual paint by number approach using hobby paints. Like my other German vehicles so far, I didn’t paint any camouflage patterns, though olive green and red brown were issued for that purpose. I don’t see it much in pictures form Italy in 1943, and I went a bit too wild on this back in the 1970s. I might try this on some later vehicles, based on a degree of historical evidence. The crew figures were painted in uniforms with various shades of olive, sand (i.e. faded olive) and grey. As before I don’t have good sense of what they should look like – photos are a bit scarce. But at least it’s reasonably consistent with the infantry I have already painted. The next adventure was the wash. I decided against using the Windsor and Newton peat brown ink I used for the British vehicles. It has a bit of a red tint which I thought would make the dunkelgelb look wrong. Something like this happened with the Panzer III models and the Quickshade, which has a similar hue. So I decided to have a go at mixing my own with yellow ochre and black ink, diluted with water. This proved very tricky. It took me quite a bit of time before I reached a version that I felt brave enough to use on my models – a sort of olive green. This was fine where it pooled in the recesses, but gave the models a slight greenish hue elsewhere else. It took the models even closer to the old Humbrol colour! I think I’ll try something else next time, though I have large quantities of my mix left over. Should be fine on olive drab (I used it on my jeep too). For decals I used just the balkankreuse. I considered ID numbers (as for the tanks), but this was a bit awkward with the stowage items, and anyway you rarely see them on this sort of vehicle. For the 250s I used spares from old Airfix Pz IVs. A bit chunky but OK. For the 222 I used some from the old Airfix recce set. The black and white weren’t properly aligned, which was a pity! For the 251 I used slightly bigger ones from a set I acquired commercially at Salute in 2017 at significant expense – black and white ones on the sides, and white ones on the back doors. These decals are very sharp and much nicer than the old Airfix ones (though you have to cut them out carefully), but the back door ones were a bit tricky as I had to cut them down the middle so as not to obscure the crack between the doors. The decals were placed on a surface prepared with polyurethane gloss varnish, and sealed with the same substance. I’m not sure the first step is strictly needed given that I prepare the surface with Microset – but the flash is invisible. I might experiment without next time. After this I sprayed the vehicles with matt varnish. As with the British I painted a bit of “matt” varnish (which gives a rather unpredictable level of sheen) onto some highlights for a bit contrast – flesh, small arms, straps and helmets. This was a good move for the machine guns, which look much better, and I think it works on the helmets too. It is a technique I will develop as a complete matt finish doesn’t quite work. Finally came the dust patina. I experimented a bit on the 222, as the most dispensable of my models, and overdid it bit. The others turned out fine, though I did apply some extra to the running gear afterwards as the mix had become too diluted. That’s going to be it for a while on my 1943 stuff. I have a stack of stuff still to paint, and plans for much more, but my Napoleonics are feeling neglected, and also some terrain stuff to do. Plus I have some domestic credit to build, which means a bit of a clearout in the spare bedroom where I do my painting. 1943: vehicle arrivals. The British 9 May 2019 Miniatures, News, WW21943admin All 16 vehicles This week at long last I completed a batch of 16 vehicles for my 20mm 1943 Italian theatre project. I started this back in October, but a trip to Australia, Christmas, flu and other stuff intervened. I had thought it was a good move to do large batches of vehicles in order to clear the plastic/resin/pewter mountain, but this was probably too big, especially as it covered both sides. But it is an important reinforcement which will enable much more variety in any club games we play with my 1943 stock. In this post I will look at the seven British vehicles. First come three Bren carriers, giving me a complete carrier section. A British WW2 force without carriers is like a pub without beer. Apart from the rimmed helmets nothing looks more British. Also carriers give the British side a mobile reserve – which matters since they didn’t use armoured personnel carriers at this stage. And a common theme of this batch was to strengthen reconnaissance forces, which is another role for the carrier section. The models are from my teenage collection, from which I kept six Airfix carrier models. They aren’t particularly nice, and they are 1/76, when I prefer 1/72, especially for the smaller vehicles. But it seemed a shame not to make use of the inheritance. I crewed them with the AB Universal Carrier set. These are lovely figures, not entirely suitable for 1943 Italy (1944 Normandy more like). Getting them to fit into the models was a challenge, especially the ones seated in the back. I added various stowage items, including weapons – though I was unable to get Bren guns sticking out of the aperture in the front – in fact it was a bit of a struggle to find any suitable spare Bren guns, which barely feature in the various sets of parts on sale. But I did manage a PIAT and a 2in mortar. It took me a long time to get everything sorted out and positioned reasonably plausibly. But it was worth it. The figures and stowage lift the final models to a new level. One issue is that these crew figures will stay in place even when they have disembarked and take their place on the table on foot. But it was impossible to devise a system of removable figures, and doing up spare debarked versions felt excessive. I have the same issue with my German half-tracks. Next come a Loyd carrier and a jeep. These are metal models bought from SHQ. They worked out OK, and metal models have a satisfactory weighty feel, but I don’t think I will get any more. The models are a bit vague when compared to the crispness of the Milicast resin ones, which is the main alternative for the odds and ends. The crew for Loyd was from AB, again, and like the Bren carriers, help to lift the model. There are jeep figures from AB, but I bought these from SHQ as I was worried about a size mismatch on a model advertised as 1/76. The figures are indeed smaller – but they are also vaguer. The Loyd provides transport for my 6pdr AT gun. I had three Airfix ones which came with my carriers. I have one in deployed mode, and one towed, as it is hard to get these models to serve as both, though in theory you could. And finally for my recce forces I have a Humber armoured car and a Daimler Dingo scout car. The Humber is one of my teenage leftovers: a Matchbox model that now looks pretty unobtainable. It is the desert version of the Mk III, so not actually right for 1943 Italy (the spare wheel should be at the side, among other details). I managed to get the turret hatch open and insert a Milicast resin commander. These aren’t as good as the AB figures, and a bit smaller. That’s OK for a 1/76 model. The stowage was as per the original model, which got the balance right. I am very pleased with how this one has turned out. I wasn’t that keen on it originally, in its desert sand coat, but with a bit of TLC and a new scheme and it is transformed. In fact I am now very attracted to the Humber armoured car: a sturdy vehicle that looks as if it would have good off-road capability. The Dingo is a new 1/72 plastic S-Model – there were two in the box but I left the other one for later. This is quite a fine-grained model with a few fiddly parts – unlike the chunky Plastic Soldier Company models that are my mainstay. But a big drawback is that it is modelled with the hatch closed. In photos you never see this vehicle with the top closed over. As a scout car it would not be functional like this. It wouldn’t have looked right. I had to cut the top cover and file it down to make it thinner to represent it folded back. I then inserted purpose-made crew figures from AB. There is no inside detail, but the AB driver has a wheel, and this suffices for wargames purposes. The other modifications were the addition of two aerials and replacing the Bren gun. The version with the kit was very delicate – whereas the Brens with my figures are much chunkier. Doubtless the delicate version is more realistic, but it would have jarred with the AB crew. I used one of my few spare Brens. The Dingo is a versatile vehicle that can be used for recce, artillery/mortar spotting or as a command vehicle (they were often commandeered for that purpose). And less vulnerable than the jeep: wargames rules seldom allow its small size, speed and manoeuvrability in getting out of trouble. As for painting and finishing, the carriers (both sorts) were done up in infantry colours based on a much used picture of three carriers coming out of a landing ship on Salerno beach. The main colour is SCC No. 2 – the standard colour for British army vehicles and equipment in the mid-war, sometimes called Service Drab or Khaki Brown. This is not a colour you often see on modern restorations (or at all in fact), and colour photos are rare and unreliable – so unlike other colours it hard to know how it actually looked in action. The colour swatches in various publications show a dark brown with a slight reddish tinge. Photos and colour drawings from the time suggest something a bit paler and duller, not at all far from the khaki on soldier’s uniforms. I struggled and it took three goes before I decided I had something I could live with. This was closer to the swatches than the pictures, though still quite close to uniform khaki. I used the usual raw sienna base, with some blue, white and raw umber. Some red got into the early mixes but was pretty much gone by the end. The Humber and Dingo were done up in recce regiment colours, using the two tone scheme of Light Mud and Blue Black. Having pioneered this with my Royal Scots Greys Shermans, it was quite straightforward to get to the mix – using Raw Sienna, Prussian Blue and white (the same three pigments I used for the British uniforms). It may have helped that I was using artist quality paints for this, which dry truer than the student colours I often use for bulk jobs. The disruptive patterns were largely made up, as there was not an official pattern for either vehicle – though for each there was a photo to get started with. I did the jeep in olive drab. Jeeps were painted up in Light Mud/Blue Black, but I think they were mostly left in their original colour. I reached this using Yellow Ochre and black, with some white. Olive drab presents difficulties for modellers. The swatches and official mixes all show something very dark; the pictures of vehicles in the field show something lighter. Modern restorations (and modern art work representations) go with a lighter version too – but more chromatic than you would expect from the “authentic” version weathering. I went for something paler than the swatches, but greyer than the modern interpretations. I looks right to me and I will use this colour in any future models needing this colour. After the main paint work I gave the models a wash in peat brown ink, a little diluted. This was instead of the Quickshade I had used before (but not the jeep – which used the same mix I used for the Germans, which I will describe next time). This shade doesn’t discolour the vehicles the wrong way, as the colour schemes are variations of brown anyway. It worked fine as a substitute for Quickshade. For decals I wanted enough to give the vehicle a period feel, but without the hassle of full serial numbers and vehicle names, which with my OCD tendencies would have taken ages to fix. For the British this meant the characteristic Arm of Service badges and the red and white ID flashes. I was going to do divisional ID badges too (for the 56th division), but I had printed these on transparent decal paper. Given the trouble I had with transparent decal paper on dark backgrounds for my Shermans I decided to skip these. They were an indulgence anyway: vehicles at Salerno and for much of the Italian theatre didn’t use the divisional badges. I didn’t do any markings for the jeep. The decals were my own, printed on white decal paper, which meant I had to cut them out right to the edge – which was a little inaccurate at times. After a matt varnish aerosol spray I did a little touching up with some paint-on matt varnish, which dries to a slight sheen. I did this because otherwise the varnished vehicles look a bit too flat. This varnish went on to the flesh, the weapons and any binoculars and earphones, and also on any helmets not covered in netting. I’m not sure this is entirely right for the flesh, but it works well for the weapons and equipment, and I think a little contrast is a good idea. Finally comes the dust patina. This time I used a purpose-made product: AK spatter effect accumulated dust. I bought this at Salute and it was my first serious job for it. It takes quite a bit of courage to do this on models you have been working months on in the knowledge that they could be ruined. The product is quite thick, and it is textured. It works very well if dabbed on with a paint brush in areas where you want it to be thick – it is good for spatter effects, as its name suggests. But I also wanted a weathered patina effect for the whole vehicle. I used a diluted version dabbed on with an old paint brush. I wasn’t at all sure about this as I was applying it, especially with the odd grains of texture effect which dotted the models a bit. I had to be careful it didn’t pool too much in the cracks. Putting it on with a cotton bud (which is what I did with my paint mix on the Shermans) didn’t work with this product. I was worried that I had overdone it; it was quite heavy on the Loyd carrier in particular. There was too much in one or two places (the wheels on the jeep, for example), but actually it was a little underdone in other places (on the wheels and running gear on some models, where it needs to be thickest). Once it had all dried and I got used to it, I decided that it worked well, giving the vehicles a nice used look. It worked especially well over the decals, helping to integrate them into the paintwork. My technique will doubtless improve over time. Next time: the Germans. Airfix Vintage Classics – a trip down memory lane 21 June 2018 Miniatures, WW2admin Like so many men of my age, Airfix polystyrene plastic kits and polythene figures played a big role in my boyhood. It some cases, like me, it led to a lifelong interest in wargaming. In the 1960s and 1970s it took up much of the space now taken by computer games. I spent hours in seclusion working on my kits or reading up about WW2 aircraft, tanks and ships without needing to do any tiresome social interaction. My wife is amazed at my ability to identify WW2 aircraft from the briefest glimpse on film footage. But times changed and Airfix, the leading company in the business, fell on hard times. It is now part of the Hornby group, and going through a minor revival. Meanwhile my interest was renewed with the discovery of a number of my old models in the loft, and led to my current 1943 project – reviving something that I had left off in 1979, when I left home at the age of 21. Funnily enough, I find the old Airfix stuff unsatisfactory these days. The land models are in 1/76 scale when I prefer 1/72. They are a bit fiddly to put together, and I don’t like the polythene tracks used on the tanks. And some of the old models (I’m thinking of the Sherman and the Tiger) are a bit crude. The polythene figures are even more unsatisfactory. Though the material enables a fine level of detailing, it doesn’t take paint very well. and though the figures improved considerably over time, I still don’t like them. The Germans are early war when I want mid to late war. The British don’t look right at all. and they are 1/76 – though this matters less on figures. Plastic Soldier Company (PSC) do a wonderful range of plastic models which are much better suited to my needs. AB’s metal figures are exquisite, even if the weapons are a bit chunky. So I was a bit surprised when I got a promotional email from Airfix advertising their Vintage Classics releases. They provoked some genuine interest. Airfix’s range these days is rather limited, mainly based on aircraft, and modernised and retooled. Clearly there was demand for some of the old models, which were worth re-releasing without modernising. The promotional material is unashamedly nostalgic, pointing out that they are using the old artwork too, some of which is a bit crude. These releases are mainly vehicles and ships, which don’t feature strongly, or at all, in current ranges. First to come out, though, are WW1 plastic figures. These were probably the best figures that Airfix produced, with sets for British, French, German and Americans, and a British horse artillery set. I bought the lot as a teenager, and I still have them. There some familiar problems. A lot of useless poses. The British and Germans are early war, the French and Americans later. So no Lewis gunner. Still, though I’m very interested in WW1 from a historical perspective, I have ruled it out as a wargaming/modelling project. What interests me are the WW2 vehicles, none of which have been released yet. These are the Matador and 5.5in gun, 88mm Flak gun and tractor, 25pdr and Quad, Bren carrier and 6pdr, 40mm Bofors and tractor, M3 half track, PAK 40 and truck, Panzer IV, Panther tank, StuG III, Churchill VII, and T34. Of these I already have the M3 half track, Bren/6pdr, Pz IV and Churchill in abundance. I am pressing them into use – but if I was buying new I would go to PSC. The Airfix 25pdr/Quad model was a nice one (I actually have the gun model converted into a 17pdr Partridge, using the Panther barrel) – but PSC do a good one too which include things like a muzzle-brake. The Panther and StuG III are strong on nostalgia (being amongst the first AFV models I owned) but are early models and a little crude (the gun barrels are a little thin, the are 1/76, and have those polythene tracks). There are good alternatives from PSC and others. I already have the Armourfast StuG III. The T34 isn’t in scope for my project; we had a lot of fun with this model, but I’m sure a lot of modern offerings beat it. The Pak 40 and truck are a late model that I never owned – so probably quite good. But I’ve already bought them from PSC, and 1/72 is a more satisfactory scale. That leaves three models. Firstly the 88 (with SdKfz 7 tractor). This was a lovely model, though the only crew were some stiff passengers for the tractor. It was quite feasible to take the gun from deployed to transported mode. The 88 and SdKfz 7 are not in the PSC range and are harder to find in 1/72. Actually, though an iconic weapon it is rather neglected in wargames – it was really a long range weapon and not so well suited to the skirmish games that comprise games with larger models. Still, I do want one. I’m also less worried about 1/72 for these larger pieces. In fact I had been wondering whether this model was still available. I never owned the Bofors gun – it was a later model – which means the standard is likely to be quite high. It is another piece that is harder to get. But I would like to bring in aircraft and AA guns at some point, and the Bofors guns played a big role in the rear areas of the Sicily and Salerno beach heads, which in the latter case came into the front line at some points. The Morris 15 cwt tractor is a useful item too – though I’d prefer these smaller trucks to be in 1/72. And finally the 5.5in/Matador. This where nostalgia really kicks in. I really don’t need these for my wargaming. Medium artillery is off-table stuff. But this was one of my favourites as a child/teenager. It’s hard to say exactly why. The model we had wasn’t even mine – it was my younger brother’s – and painted up by my older brother (easily the most accomplished modeller among us). The gun was a simple but very satisfactory model. The Matador looked just like any other lorry at first, but we soon came to appreciate its size (actually a bit like the SdKfz 7). The Matador was a magnificent bit of British engineering. So I feel that I have to have it. Even two. One final point is worth making. These models are good value for money. You can get them in metal (SHQ) or, (in some cases) resin (Milicast), but at a lot more cost. The Matador/5.5in combination would cost £20 at SHQ; the Airfix model is, or will be, £5.99. The Zvezda plastic Bofors gun costs £7.99 without a tractor; the Airfix offer is £8.99 with the Morris (though I don’t know what either of these supply for crews – they are easy enough to get in metal). It’s the same story with the 88. They aren’t available yet, but I’m in no hurry. I have a plastic mountain to get through. 1943: my old German tank models get a facelift 30 August 2017 Miniatures, WW21943admin In my post before last I said that the next step this project would be to take my old German tanks and bring them up to standard. This I have now done: I followed a similar process to my Pz III platoon. First, though, the models needed a little preparation. This included fitting aerials. I used plastic bristles from a broom, but to scale 2m (28mm). These were fitted in a blob of superglue. This works very well – they are robust and have survived quite a bit of accidental battering. I also fitted some stowage from the PSC set. Not as much per tank as the Pz IIIs, and especially not for the Tigers. German tanks of this era don’t seem especially laden – not as much as in the Blitzkrieg era, or Allied tanks. The pictures of Tigers show them as quite clean, except for track bits added to the turrets, which I did for one of the tanks. I primed the bare plastic additions, and also the polythene tracks, which all these models had, using the white metal primer. I still had some of the adhesion problems on the new plastic that I reported for the Pz IIIs. The primer was slightly diluted, but not as much as before, so that problem remains to be solved. If it isn’t dilution of the primer with water, and not the plastic requiring a wash first, I will change primer – artists gesso looks as if it works well. And then to the base coat of dunkelgelb. I wasn’t able to reuse the paint I mixed last time – it was too far gone, so I had to mix afresh. I wasn’t able to get an exact match – and that is one of the main issues with my use of artists colours, and why I expect that most hobbyists will find this approach unpersuasive. Still, the mix was arrived at much more quickly (yellow ochre and white, with Prussian blue and terracotta brown added – all from “student” quality paints). The result was slightly greener and slightly whiter than the Pz IIIs, event after the application of the brown Quickshade. Actually I think I prefer it – the Pz IIIs look slight too red. The base coat went on in one sitting, but in several layers. The first was quite liquid, the others much dryer. I lightened the mix a bit as I put more on. It’s hard to say whether the layering had any effect, byond smoothing and imporving the coverage. I don’t think the models looked as flat as my old single coat of Humbrol enamels did, but the layering is not visible to my eye. Incidentally the paint dries very thin, so the layering did not obscure the detail. One of the tanks was victim of several layers of Humbrol, though, and the detail was noticeably less sharp on this one. The quick succession of the various layers may have had the effect of taking off excessive accumulations on the detail rather than accumulating it. Anyway, this looks like a good technique. The first coat takes a bit of time to apply; the others are very quick. After that came the detailing, including the tracks, wheel tyres and stowage. With no crew to paint this was simpler. Then there was a dry brush of dust colour (the dunkelgelb with white), which was not as heavy handed as last time, though there were still some excess blobs. And so to the Quickshade. The decals came next. I was more sparing, since these are going to be second-string miniatures. Only two turret numbers. The Pz IVs had no Balkenkreuse on the left (because of stowage) and the Pz IIIs none on the rear. Even so I’m down to my last two of the small (3mm) ones, which will give me issues. I sealed with polyurethane again – but only after the decals had had nearly 24 hours to dry out – they seemed much more robust. Like the Pz IIIs the flash is still visible from some angles though. With the Pz IVs this is made worse because they had to be applied over a slight bump on the turret, which they couldn’t quite do as tightly as I would wish for. I am wondering whether I should revert to a technique I used on my model aircraft 40 years ago – which is to float the decals off the backing paper as normal, wipe off the glue backing them, dry them and then place them using varnish. These modern decals may be too fragile – but this technique worked a treat back in the day. I will have to experiment. Finally I finished with a spray of matt varnish. Lets look at them in a bit more detail. First the three Pz IVGs: The lighting conditions were a bit challenging, so these pictures aren’t very good I’m afraid. These are Airfix 1/76 kits. I was very excited when these first came out. Until then the only German tanks readily available were the Tiger, Panther and StuG III. These set up very unequal battles with the Airfix Shermans. And this model was of a higher standard too. One of these models (213, closest to the picture) was my first, which I painted green at first (we knew no better). I then repainted in the fictitious desert orange that Humbrol produced. The layers of paint did the model no favours. The other two models came in later, when I was more serious about wargaming, and had more money. I painted them in the Humbrol dunkelgelb, with (different) camouflage patterns. The models were a bit tricky to assemble, and there are gaps, and some of the wheels are a bit wonky (and one of the top rollers missing). Also my handling of the polythene tracks was very inexpert. This time I did not think it was worth the time to attempt to correct these errors, I painted as was, with a bit of extra stowage. I numbered them as a complete platoon, and these will be useful on the tabletop, until I can produce some smarter 1/72 Pz IVs (which will be Hs with shurzen on the turret). The aerials, incidentally, are almost certainly in the wrong place for 1943. Like the Pz III, the Pz IV was originally fitted with a solid, tapered “stern” aerial beside the turret, which folded down when the gun got in the way into a wooden tray on the side of the hull. But this tray is not modelled on the Airfix kits, so I fitted whip aerials at the back, according to later pictures of Pz IVs that I have seen. This creates less hassle with rotating turrets. Next the Pz IIIs: The foreground model is a Matchbox kit at 1/76. This was one of my more recent acquisitions, when at last we had a wider variety of models available. It is a nice clean model, which had fewer of the assembly issues than the other ones. Its only problem (apart from being unable to open the hatch) is that the 1/76 scale makes it look a bit small compared to the 1/72 tanks. For this model I replaced the barrel with the flammpanzer one from the PSC kit, as well as smoke dischargers. This gives me an extra tabletop option – though I can’t deploy a complete platoon, as the Germans did apparently at Salerno, though they proved vulnerable to the Shermans. I did not fit an aerial for this one, for the same reason as the PSC kits. The model clearly shows the stern antenna stowed in its box along the track guard. The backgound model is a conversion I did from the Airfix StuG III. This lacks the detailing of the proper models, but helps make up the numbers. I replaced the gun and rather crude mantlet with the short 75mm from the PSC kit (slightly overscale, but looks OK), along with the smoke dischargers (I couldn’t fit them to the PSC models because of the turret schurzen). The model is a bit wonky, but it gives a bit of support to the Tigers, with which this sort of tank operated. I fitted an antenna to this one, where the folding stern antenna would have been – though the bristle is a bit too thin at the base. Given the weak detailing on the model I though it would help lift it a bit. And so to the Tigers: Tigers played a significant role in Tunisia, a minor one in Sicily and were not present at Salerno (though the British kept reporting them there!). I don’t plan for them to be an important part of my games, but I have them, and they will be a handy option. The tank at the front is the oldest German model in my collection – an old 1/76 Airfix kit. This was originally painted dark grey. But when I bought the second kit, I thought it needed a facelift – so I added mudguards to cover the tracks at the front, and a stowage bin at the back of the turret, and then painted it in dunkelgelb. It did the job. There was a bit of an issue with the polythene tracks. In photos these looked heavy and lay on top of the track wheels – something this flexible track wouldn’t do – and it wouldn’t respond to being glued down either. This time I managed to partially glue it down with superglue – though it required to be held down for an hour or more while the glue hardened. The aerial was fitted in the only place that photos show single aerials on Tigers (second or third aerials might appear on the turret or engine deck). It probably should be a stern aerial – but what the hell! The other model is much more modern, it was from Hasegawa and in 1/72. It’s a much nicer model though I made a bit of a mess with the running wheels, and the polythene track is pretty crude. The track needed the same treatment as the Airfix one, and I also stuck the aerial in the same place. In spite of being different scales the two models can work together for now. the size differential seems to matter less than for the smaller tanks. These models aren’t to a particularly high standard, but the facelift has improved them a lot, and given the models some unity. Back in the day I tended to make models as individuals. But this exercise shows that I am right to concentrate on more basic wargamer models nowadays, like the PSC ones. The moulded tracks look much better than the flexible ones. The running wheels may be less detailed (you don’t get the double wheels) but they are much less work and don’t end up looking wobbly. I now have strength and depth in German tanks. While my Sherman project still needs to deal with some complexities (getting crew; making decals; more stowage), I will move on to the infantry. I have ordered a platoon each of Germans and British from AB, and they are now ready to paint! 1943: the Royal Scots Greys’ Sherman tanks Part of the enduring appeal of this hobby is the occasional detective work. Scrabbling for clues, and trying to make sense of what little you have – and in the process debunking generally accepted wisdom. This may be about what happened in a historical battle. Or it may about the appearance of a unit you want to add to your collection. My idea to model a troop of Shermans from the Royal Scots Greys as they appeared at Salerno in September 1943 is one such quest. I have followed it a bit obsessively for the last couple of weeks just for sheer hell of it. And that is the tale I will tell today. A bit of background. The RSGs had fought with the 8th Army in North Africa right up to Tunisia, using Grants and Honeys. While the fight moved on to Sicily they were rested and re-kitted with Sherman III tanks (i.e. the diesel M4A2, and not Sherman IIs, with the cast hulls, or the later M4A3s as sometimes reported). They were then assigned to the British X Corps to take part in the Salerno landings. They were heavily engaged supporting the 56th (London) Infantry Division – with a great deal of distinction. They are about the only British tank unit to get a mention in accounts of the battle, even though it fought alongside 40th RTR in X Corps, and the 22nd Armoured Brigade of 7th Armoured Division also landed. It is not wholly clear whether the regiment formed part of the 23rd Armoured Brigade at this point (as the 40th RTR was). My main source is photos. I have found these online and in a couple of books I have on the battle – the Osprey title and an old book from 1971 from the Pan/Ballantine history of WW2 (a series that I think was earlier called the Purnell’s history, which I dug up out of the attic). And now to my first picture, from Wikipedia: This shows the tank “Sheik” advancing towards Naples after the battle in late September (not far from Pompeii by the look of Vesuvius). It is in a very curious colour scheme, and this has drawn a lot of attention. Lots of modellers have been unable to resist representing it, and there is even a die-cast model of the tank on sale. It has a two colour camouflage base pattern, with pale and medium tone components. This is usually interpreted as Light Mud for the pale tone (one of the standard Mediterranean theatre British camouflage colours of the time – a greyish sand colour) and olive drab for the medium, the colour that the tank would have been painted when shipped over from the US under Lend-Lease. There is a darker tone used to give the dapple on the pale tone – probably the Blue Black that was also part of the standard British set. Other points to note are that there is are two aerial pennants, and the red-white-red British identification flash on the side. The next picture is from the Osprey and Pan/Ballantine books: It shows a tank of the RSGs during the battle (near Battapaglia according to the Pan/Ballantine). Points of interest: there is a two-tone camouflage, but with light-dark tone, not light-medium. This is surely Light Mud and Blue Black, in accordance with standard British practice of the time. There is a tactical mark on the turret – a circle with the number 8. The Osprey says the circle denotes B Squadron; I think C squadron was more likely (B is usually a square). The number is the tank number. The red-white-red flash is visible and there are two or three pennants on the aerial. The next picture is from just the Osprey I have now found the original from the IWM collection, and substitute here: THE ALLIED LANDINGS IN ITALY, SEPTEMBER 1943: REGGIO, TARANTO AND SALERNO (NA 6646) Salerno, 9 September 1943 (Operation Avalanche): A Sherman tank and infantry on the road to Battipaglia. Smoke from a burning ammunition ship can be seen in the background. Copyright: © IWM. Original Source: http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/205194416 This looks as if it was taken at a very similar time. There are railway tracks in both pictures, and smoke. The barrage balloon indicates that it is quite near the beach. The scan above isn’t that clear – but the camouflage pattern looks the same, and the aerial pennants may be too. But it isn’t the same tank – this one has an AA machine gun on the turret. Of particular note on this picture is the unit ID signs on the left mudguard (i.e. left when facing forward – nautical “port”). The censor has scrubbed them out, but we can see that there are two, and they are both on the left – unlike the normal situation of the Arm of Service marker on one side and formation badge on the other. More on that later. There is a red-white-red flash in the front-centre. Incidentally this tank shows a single-piece nose for the Sherman – instead of the more usual three-piece one for this stage of the war – it is presumably quite a new tank. The next picture is a poor one taken from the battle and only in the Pan/Ballantine: It is just about possible to see that the camouflage pattern is the same as the previous two pictures (and different from Shah). The regiment’s tanks were clearly painted in a standard pattern. Also note the single aerial pennant, and no AA machine gun. And the rear part of the track guard is still there. The next picture is from Wikipedia and shows one of RSG’s tanks in the follow up towards Naples, and near contemporary with the Shah picture: Not much to add here except to note that the standard camouflage pattern turns up again. The rear of the track guard is missing -as with Shah and the other later picture, suggesting they were deliberately removed soon after the Salerno battle. The final picture comes from October as the unit was advancing with 23 Armoured brigade; it comes from the Imperial War Museum: THE BRITISH ARMY IN ITALY 1943 (NA 8276) A Sherman tank of ‘B’ Squadron, Royal Scots Greys fording the Teano river, 29 October 1943. Copyright: © IWM. Original Source: http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/205204405 There are a few points of interest here. Once again it has the same camouflage pattern (a shame though that I have no pictures of the right hand side!), though the contrast is much lower than earlier (and similar to the Shah picture). Either that’s the effect of a couple of months weathering, or the Blue Black has been overpainted – or perhaps it just indicates lower ambient light conditions. Note that the stowage turret box doesn’t have the camouflage pattern on it, and in picture two it doesn’t look as if it has been repainted at all – this may have been a late addition. The red-white-red flash is just visible. The tactical mark is a square (as would normally be appropriate for B squadron), but I can’t see a number in it (incidentally don’t confuse it with the outlined panel behind it on the turret). And now to a secondary source. A Star Decals sheet (these are a valuable resource): The first two are of interest. the first is an interpretation of Shah. It shows it with a triangular tactical mark, appropriate to A Squadron (on the back of the stowage bin too), but with no number. It is shown in red, as would be used for a senior regiment in a brigade. It also shows an interpretation of the unit ID on the left mudguard – a thistle on on white over black square The text says that this sign was visible on tanks earlier in the campaign, but can’t be confirmed for this tank with its new camouflage scheme. It is clearly specific to the regiment – not the more usual brigade or division (the thistle standing for Scotland). The second picture is of a tank named Roosevelt – but not from any photograph I have seen. There is some doubt as to whether this is the RSG or 44 RTR (part of 4 Armoured brigade and not at Salerno). The name apparently doesn’t conform to the RSG naming system (Royal Navy ships) – but otherwise it looks very like the tank from picture 2 (though the number is 10). The portrayal of the camouflage pattern is different, but not by that much (mainly the turret) – perhaps just interpretation from an obstructed picture. And so what are my conclusions? Shah looks like a one-off to me. Other regiments seem to have been using tanks without a camouflage pattern or with a low tonal contrast one (including the 40th RTR, according to the only picture I have). Perhaps the RSGs received one of these as a replacement and then improvised the camouflage scheme from there. I will use the Light Mud and Blue Black scheme, guessing the right side elements that I don’t have info on. The red-white-red flashes will also appear. Fortunately the Italeri kits I’m using have these in their decals. I will also do C squadron with red circle tactical marks and three consecutive numbers. I don’t have definite information on the numbering system, but a Flames of War graphic for New Zealand units suggests sequences starting with 3, 6, 9 and 12 for each of the main troops (and 15 for the HQ troop – 1 and 2 don’t appear to be used within the squadrons). I have four models, and I may do a further tank for the squadron leader, to act as a senior officer for larger games. Which tanks got the AA machine guns I don’t know – I speculate that it is the troop leader. The next point is to have aerial pennants. These were subject to considerable variation – sometimes daily. I will give the troop leader two pennants and the others one. Perhaps they all get a red one, with yellow for the troop leader, as suggested by the Star Decals sheet. These will give the tanks a British look. Another aspect of making the unit look British are the unit IDs. Here all I have to go on is the censor’s scratchings out on picture 2 and the Star Decals suggestion. The lower mark looks quite wide compared to its height. That would suggest a three digit number for an Arm of Service serial. That would be an Army level serial as often used for independent brigades (the numbers being 171-3 or 161-3 for armoured brigades). The formal organisational status of the RSGs at this point is a bit unclear – and this is emphasised by the use of a regimental formation sign rather than the more usual division or brigade. The formation sign is, presumably, the thistle badge, and located above the presumed unit serial. I am not sure what I am going to do here. I am tempted to leave these off (as I will the registration numbers and tank names) – but, then again, they do make the tank look British. So most of the pieces of the jigsaw are in place. What is clear is that I will need to print my own decals on this, for the tactical signs and the unit ID, if I use them. A new challenge! Update 27 August 2017 I continue to scratch the itch on this one. Some more Google searches have taken me to some new bits of data. First there is this online discussion from 2007 in which the RSG Shermans are discussed. Alas all the picture links are deceased, as it includes one or two pictures I haven’t got – including one which shows the unit thistle badge. There are a number of items of detail that I will ignore – I don’t need the model to be 100% accurate on the technical details. However it did draw me to this Pathé film. Amongst other things it includes the river crossing by the RSG tank in the last picture above. Here is a still from it. You can just about see the thistle badge on the front mudguard (take my word for it – though you do need the eye of faith). Also of interest is that the the front door of the commanders’ hatch has been removed – a common British practice apparently. The Italeri kit has the hatch moulded closed (the one point I don’t like about it). I was going to carve out the closed hatch anyway; I won’t have to make the front hatch door! I have unearthed another couple of interesting pictures. This is from another unit at Salerno (the London Yeomanry, part of the 7th Armoured division): The camouflage scheme is similar but not the same. The dark colour may not be Blue Black though. The markings on the front mudguard are temporary identifiers – no doubt this is what those mysterious scratched out marks are on Picture 3 (apart from the thistle badge). And then there is this picture of a tank from an unknown unit in Italy: Of interest is the right side camouflage pattern, broadly consistent with the RSG. The RSG pattern appears to be based on a standard recommended pattern issued by the army, though some of the darker stripes are a bit broader, and there is no stripe on the back of the turret. This pattern gives me something to work on for the missing bit. I have not been able to find the original diagram that was used though, amid all the verbiage on camouflage patterns. All I know is that the patterns aren’t the same as those used earlier in the desert. And after I had written that I searched all the Imperial War Museum’s collection on Salerno and found this one: THE BRITISH ARMY IN ITALY 1943 (NA 6725) A Sherman tank comes ashore at Salerno, September 1943. Copyright: © IWM. Original Source: http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/205204309 It’s the missing link. The thistle insignia is now clearly visible, above the temporary number. And there is also a clear picture of the front camouflage pattern – though I think there is a bit of variation with the other pictures. Two flags on the pennant. This tank has the three part nose, but is missing the rear track guard. Zooming in I can just make out a circular tactical mark, indicating C Squadron, but not the number in it. French artillery in 1:100 – Part 8 Finishing off and conclusion 10 September 2015 MiniaturesFrench artilleryadmin The end result all lined up. From left to right the 12-pdr, 8-pdr, 6-pdr, 4-pdr, and the 10-pdr, 6 pouce and 24-pdr howitzers I can now declare the project closed. The final stage was painting up some additional crew figures, correcting the old ones I wanted to re-use, and doing the bases. But this is the article I am linking to TMP, so before describing the finishing touches, I want to summarise what I have done. I have described the scope in my introductory post. I wanted to provide fresh models for my 15mm French army, whose tin men have grown to more like 18mm over the years – which approximates to 1:100. This is not well catered for in the market, because by the time more accurate information emerged, manufacturers had moved on to other scales, mainly 28mm. My main aim was to produce models for wargames that look approximately right – but there is also an element of building a collection too. Having said that I have neither the patience nor the manual dexterity to produce models of collector standard – the standard that I see so often displayed in TMP. Eye candy this is not. But I hope it is useful to anybody building French armies in 15/18mm. Many of my models are pulled together from old bits and pieces I have had around for years, and I describe how I did this in my posts. But in this article I will summarise what I recommend to people wanting to use what is out there in the market. This is not based on a comprehensive survey of what is there, but what I know of the more popular makes. They are all Blue Moon and AB, though I have considered others along the way. The headings link to the main articles. So here goes: The 4-pdr Not easy to get right. Easy for me because I had lots of old Battle Honours models to start with, and plenty of wheels of the size I wanted – but these aren’t easily obtainable these days. The only model of the right scale out there that I know of is Blue Moon. But this is let down by wheels that are too small – and the bigger wheels are in important part of the look of French artillery. Much easier, though I cobbled mine together from bits and I did not buy any of the current models. But both Blue Moon and AB look fine – but these will look best beside models in the same stable, though. The 12-pdr The BM carriage is too much too long, based on reviews I have read. The AB one is the right size, and nicely detailed, but the trail doesn’t look quite right in my view. I have two of the ABs and three cobbled together models based on the Blue Moon French Howitzer carriage (!). The Blue Moon model is essentially sound, but has some errors. The barrel needs to be smoothed; you need a new and higher elevating plate from card. The AB model is nice but based on the 8-pdr carriage, which might be accurate for a few, late weapons, but not for most of the era. The barrel also needs to be smoothed. Also on my old AB models the wheel track was much too wide and had to be cut down. This may have been corrected in current models. This is the main artillery piece for my armies, so I needed lots. I made up six from Blue Moon, to go with my 3 old AB ones, and three more I made up from old Battle Honours Prussian pieces. The 6 pouce howitzer By this I mean the classic French “6 inch” short-barrelled howitzer that is the subject of most illustrations, often described as “Gribeauval”, but which was probably not all that much used in fact. None of the 15mm models I have seen get this right. The carriage for the Blue Moon model is vastly oversized (I used it for the 12-pdr, and it was a bit too big even for that!). The AB model is of generally the right proportions, but looks a bit weedy. And the latest model (mine are old ones) might not even be right based on their illustration. I used a BM barrel on the AB carriage, but still wasn’t too happy! The 10-pdr howitzer This is another “6 inch” howitzer, and used in the heavy batteries, right up to Waterloo. But the only pictures I have seen are of the barrel. It was based on an old Prussian design. In fact the simplest way of producing this is to take the AB Prussian “7-pdr” howitzer, which is probably quite close to what this weapon looked like in the later years with a later-style carriage. You can “Frenchify” this by adding trail handles (bend some fuse wire or even a staple) and cut out the ammunition box retaining struts. To get an earlier look I put the AB Prussian barrel on the AB French howitzer carriage. This was the main howitzer in use by the French, and also, confusingly, usually referred to as “6 inch”. There are no 15mm models of this anywhere that I know of. The closest model is the Blue Moon Prussian howitzer. But the French barrel was slightly longer, and the trunnions further back, so that the barrel projected more from the front. I opted to make my own barrel, but this looked too heavy, and was bit more than my clumsy fingers should have taken on. The Prussian model needs an elevating plate (easy to make from card) and its trunnion recesses are too deep (I filled them with plasticine) – these are applicable to using it in Prussian mode too. Also you may want to Frenchify it – which I chose to do on my 3 models. If you are making your own barrel you can also use the Blue Moon French 6-pdr carriage (or the Prussian 6-pdr come to that). Now a few words about the finishing. I decided to reuse my existing crews. These were Battle Honours foot crews and Old Glory horse crews for the 1809 period, and AB Guard foot crews. I decided not to use my Battle Honours Guard horse crews – they are too small and not impressive enough, or my BH standard horse crews, as these are bit dull. The BH foot crews are bit underscale for the job, though, and this is a bit noticeable if you get the correct 1:100 scale wheels. Still, I use them to make up the numbers. The Battle Honours crews manning a couple of 6-pdrs, made from different sources. The Old Glory figures are fine for both scale and appearance – though the gun models that come with them are not particularly useful if you want them to look right (though mine provided carriages for my 8-pdrs and wheels for the 4-pdrs! These were from an old pack, though, and I don’t know whether this would work nowadays). The Old Glory horse artillery crews with a 4-pdr and a 6-pdr I don’t particularly like the AB Foot Guard figures either, though they were fine for size and detailing. There is no officer and the pose of figure carrying a n ammunition round looks laughable (casually holding a 12-pdr round as if it was a tube of Pringles), and they are mostly wearing backpacks. Another problem is that I had painted them in too bright a shade of blue (Army Painter spray colour with dark Quickshade). I tried calming this down with washes of dark blue-grey, and then touching up – but this wasn’t altogether successful. The AB Guard crew with one of my made-up 12-pdrs and the 10-pdr howtizer. These figures needed reinforcements. I had some Fantassin/Warmodelling crew figures lying around unpainted (bought in Fantassin days). I have been very critical of this range’s artillery pieces, but these figures are perfectly respectable. They are depicted in greatcoats and backpacks, which covers up some uniform details and makes them quite generic – they can double as line artillery or marine gunners. I painted the shakos appropriate to later uniforms. The Fantassin crews man a 6-pdr and a 24-pdr howitzer I supplemented these with later era Blue Moon crews. These are nice figures, depicted with shako covers, tunics and without backpacks. I painted some as line and some as naval gunners (there were some of these at Waterloo, apparently) – though you’d be hard pressed to tell the difference (the naval gunners have red collars). Blue Moon crews man 6-pdrs I am still playing with painting methods. I undercoat with specialist metal undercoat from a DIY store. This comes in a lifetime-sized tin, but the only one I could lay my hand on was water-based and white. A mistake. Diluted paint (it’s much too thick to go on direct) leaves you with issues of surface tension and coverage (not so good as filling the holes). White undercoat is not a particularly good choice for relatively quick-painted 15mm figures. I gave the figures a first thin coat of raw umber after the undercoat, followed by several coats of a blue mix. In another experiment: I created this mix from ultramarine and raw umber (I use artists colours), instead of my usual Prussian blue base. But this needed lots of coats before it started to look right. I tried to highlight with the brighter ultramarine, but the effect was hardly noticeable. The overall effect was rather nice though (incomparably better than Army Painter Navy Blue plus dark Quickshade!), but not as quick as I wanted! Even if it doesn’t come out in my pictures. I did not feel the need for Quickshade, so just did a raw umber wash on the faces. The bases were new. I need smaller sizes these days. The standard is 30mm square, with 25mm (wide) by 30mm for light guns, and 30mm (wide) by 35mm for the heavies. Two figures populate the bases, except for the heavies, which have three. These aren’t eye-candy. The position of the figures is not realistic. It is all dictated by the needs of games played on a small table. I am also avoiding the thick MDF (or mounting board) bases that are so popular – they do frame the figures nicely. But I feel that height is my enemy on the table, especially since I am forced into using miniaturised terrain. And I already have magnetic strip on the bottom. So I used 300gsm artist’s paper. That’s thick for paper but thin for a base, especially a larger one with a greater risk of warping. Never mind. I have magnetised bases and I store on steel paper, which should stop the warping. I use a home-made gloop, consisting of sand, artist’s gesso and paint (I used a dark burnt umber this time – I have used raw umber before). I apply this with a sculpting tool after gluing the figures to the base. After touching up with burnt umber paint, I covered the bases with a combination of flock and static grass. I’m not expert with the static grass, which comes out a bit matted in my hands. The flock represents the flattened areas – and only in very small areas is the base of burnt umber left exposed. They haven’t set up in a Japanese garden amongst decorative tufts and rock features. To unify the flock and static grass I give it all a wash of yellow green (using ink and flow enhancer rather than water as a base). I then give a bit of a dry brush with a white/yellow ochre mix. The overall effect is textured and the figure bases are nicely covered up, and the colour doesn’t jar with the table covering. In my earlier batch of bases for my Prussians the overall effect was too dark, which made my dark figures look even duller. So I used a brighter colour of static grass, more yellow in the wash, and was rather heavier (and less dry) with the dry brushing. This looks much better, and I will have to reverse engineer my Prussians somehow. But I don’t think I’d recommend this approach particularly – I think you can get nicer looking results than this. And now my thoughts turn to my next project. Prussians probably. I have it in mind to do a similar article (or articles) on Prussian artillery, and one on limbers too. But I need more Prussian landwehr! French artillery in 1:100 – Part 7 the 24pdr howitzer 27 August 2015 MiniaturesFrench artilleryadmin And so last but not least we come to the 24pdr howitzer. This became the standard French field howitzer in the Empire period, and it may have been the second most produced artillery piece for the French in the era, after the 6pdr, being in production from 1804. And yet until recently it has been nearly invisible to historians. No figure manufacturer has attempted to produce it in 15mm that I am aware of. Consequently this has been the single biggest modelling challenge in my project. This howitzer was introduced as part of the An XI artillery reforms, and seems to have been generally well thought of. It had a smaller calibre than the 6 pouce howitzer it replaced, but it had a longer barrel, and was more accurate. Napoleon was pleased that each ammunition caisson could carry significantly more rounds. Like the 6pdr it was virtually the same calibre as its Austrian counterpart, the 7pdr (150-152mm) – presumably allowing ammunition to be interchanged – though likely to be of different dynamic characteristics. It took its name, 24pdr, from the being the same calibre as the 24pdr heavy cannon. This was a new, rationalised naming convention that does not seem to have taken, though. Some referred to it as 5 pouce 6/7 lignes, but it seems to have been quite common to round this to 6 pouce, or inches, causing confusion to later historians. Since it was about 6 English inches in calibre, English observers called it 6 inch too. In the Royal Armouries catalogue the two examples they have (both captured at Waterloo and cast in or about 1804) are both referred to as 6in howitzers, the same nomenclature as the two much larger 10pdrs. Sadly there are no drawings of these two, and just basic measurements (a single length measurement and calibre) in the catalogue. It was quite distinctive of appearance, though. At 101cm (muzzle to breeech ring) the tube was about 5cm longer than the Austrian and Prussian equivalents. But the trunnions were further back, giving a barrel that stuck out well beyond the carriage, as the above illustration shows – quite the opposite of the 6 pouce howitzer it replaced. This picture is of one of the pieces captured at Vitoria in 1813 and now in Lisbon (a picture of it also appears in David Chandler’s Campaigns of Napoleon, inevitably referred to as a 6in howitzer). Did the design change as the wars progressed? DDS suggests it was modified. Indeed its table refers to two different howitzers: the “M1803 7-pdr” – calibre 151.5mm and 101cm in tube length, and the “M1808 24-pdr “,calibre 148mm and length 120cm. And yet I have seen no drawings or other pictures of the later piece. The Royal Armouries examples clearly conform to the former dimensions (allowing that their length includes the button at the rear), as does the photo of a “M1803 24-pdr” in DDS book itself. The drawings that I have seen in another publication are also of the early version. I need rather harder evidence of that the later design was ever in fact operational in serious numbers. And what of the carriage? This seems to be closely modelled on the 6pdr carriage. DDS carries a drawing of the “M1803” version. This shows a carriage identical to the 6pdr, alongside a drawing of a 10pdr barrel. Apart from the barrel being of a different piece, the issue with the carriage is that the elevating plate seems designed for the much longer 6pdr barrel. I would expect a much shorter plate for the howitzer, as we indeed see on the closely related later Prussian designs. The pictures of the 24pdr in Lisbon don’t reveal this detail, unfortunately, though otherwise the carriage design is consistent with drawing, allowing for the later addition of trail handles. But how to model this piece? I wanted three of them. The carriage is easy – the Blue Moon 6pdr carriage would be the logical starting point. But their Prussian 6pdr and Howitzer carriages would be nearly as good, as indeed would be the AB Prussian Howitzer carriage, assuming a shorter elevating plate, or the 6pdr for a longer plate. The Prussians seem to have copied the An XI carriage for their later artillery pieces, with even the reinforcing metal bands on the trail being in about the same places. For the BM models an elevating plate needs to be added (e.g. from plastic card), or at least the rear end. I had some spare BM Prussian howitzer models (from the pernicious BM practice of selling their artillery pieces in packs of 6), so I used these, adding trail handles from bent bits of staple. Also I cut out the two retaining bars for the ammunition case at the bottom rear of the trail. But the barrel? It is of unique shape, and I searched my bits and pieces for anything that could be adapted. The closest was the BM Prussian howitzer. But the trunnions are too far back, which means that the barrel does not have the characteristic projection from in front of the carriage. It is also a bit thin. I wanted the barrel to be noticeably thicker than the French 6pdr barrel. My first idea was to adapt the BM Prussian 6pdr barrel. This is quite thick (it does have the dolphins too – even though Prussians had eliminated these from their 6pdr in fact). I could saw off the ends, shorten the remaining barrel, and then stick the ends back on. I decided not to because I had it in mind to use these barrels for their original purpose – to play the part of heavy Prussian 6pdrs, to work alongside the beautiful AB 6pdrs, which would act as the light version. I also thought the area around the middle, which has a bit of a “saddle” would not be easy to replicate. In hindsight I think I made the wrong decision, though, and I may yet try to make an additional piece this way. But instead I decided to make the barrel from scratch! I took a piece of plastic sprue from a kit for two of the barrels, and rolled some Milliput epoxy putty for the third. On one I wrapped a slither of paper around the middle to get the “saddle”; for the other two I used some epoxy putty (grey stuff – I’m not sure which brand). Trunnions were added from a bit of plastic rod (from the same kit, which was a building). For the dolphins I fashioned something from putty for one, cut bits of plastic for the other two. For the rear I used the sawn off end of some old Minifigs 12pdrs. For the muzzle I used sections cut from a Minifigs artillery wheel hub, with quite a bit of filing down. All of which is easily said, but 1:100 is a small scale, and my fingers aren’t as nimble as they once were. And I didn’t find the putty that easy to work with (perhaps because mine is a bit old?). This was not a particulary neat or precise job. The trunnions and dolphins were particularly difficult – which is why I think my first idea was a better one. A further reason was that the barrel turned out to be a bit too thick. This is OK until it is put next to one of the other howitzer models, when it looks heavier than even the 10pdr. Never mind! One point worth adding is that the BM trunnion recesses are far too deep, which means that the barrel tends to go too low. I used a little bit of plasticine to sort this out – I didn’t find the epoxy putty easy to work with for this job. And here’s the result!: Here are the three types of howitzer together: the 10pdr, the 6 pouce and the 24pdr. in that order. You can see that the 24pdr barrel is too heavy in comparison with the other two. It is a tad over scale and the others a tad under. And here it is with the 6pdr gun (Blue Moon version), its normal companion. And again with my Old Glory horse artillery crews: So what would I recommend for anybody that wants one of these to support their 15mm army? Straight out of the packet the closest fit is the Blue Moon Prussian howitzer. The barrel doesn’t poke out far enough, but actually the fit isn’t so bad. I would urge doing something about the trunnion recesses so the barrel doesn’t sit too low, and I would add an elevating plate under the barrel – advice that applies just as much to the Prussian version. If somebody quibbles you can always say it is a captured piece! The second alternative is to use the BM 6pdr and attempt the barrel conversion. You will need something to cut the barrel with though, like a jeweller’s saw. Using a knife has a tendency to squash the barrel. And that completes my collection. Something is gestating on limbers, but BM have recently released their limber models, and these are well worth a look. I will complete my series of posts with a wrap-up piece though, and some pictures of all the types together. Part 8 – Finishing off and conclusion French artillery in 1/100: Part 6 – the 6in howitzers 26 August 2015 Miniatures, NewsFrench artilleryadmin An so we come to the howitzers. Howitzers are often ignored by wargamers, as they usually only comprised one section of two in each battery – so there is only a call for them if you are representing pairs of guns. My games are grand tactical where each tabletop piece represents one or two complete batteries. And yet I have always had a soft spot for the type, and found ways of including one or two on the tabletop. And when it came to this project the howitzers caused me more research problems than any other aspect – and so has the modelling. Confusion reigns from start to finish. Let’s begin by considering the diagram to the right, which shows a drawing of each of the three howitzer types that the French used in the field, alongside captured weapons. Each of them is usually referred to as a 6 inch howitzer. In addition to these three RC in his Osprey offers some pictures of an earlier “Gribeauval” howitzer that was not in use in our era, so far as I know. The one at the top is the “real” 6 pouce ( = thumb = inch) howitzer, that was cast in the 1790s, and dominates all illustrations of French howitzers. Its calibre is exactly six French inches, which were slightly longer than the ones in modern use in Britain and the US. I will call this the 6 pouce. The second is the heavy howitzer, based on the Prussian 10pdr howitzer. It was never produced in large numbers but it accompanied French 12pdr batteries right up to Waterloo. I will call this the 10pdr. These two I will deal with in this post. The third is the An XI howitzer, more properly called the 24pdr, or sometimes the 5 pouce 6 or 7 lignes (12 lignes = 1 pouce). It is nearly six English (and modern) inches in calibre, and is thus it is usually called a 6in howitzer by British observers. Perhaps disliking the alternative nomenclature, the French also seemed to have used this name very often too. It is much the most important of the three militarily, and also the most challenging to model, so it gets a post all to itself. I will call it the 24pdr. Incidentally DDS uses modern inches to distinguish the three (6.4, 6.8 and 5.9 respectively), but I don’t think this helps – if you must impose modern nomenclature, then surely the metric system is preferable and transparent. So first to the 6 pouce. This is the 8pdr of the howitzers. From the literature and illustrations you might think it was the only howitzer the French had in service. And yet it was not all that widely used – though it is hard to tell for sure because when orders of battle refer to 6in or 6p howitzers they may be referring to any of the three designs, and possibly some captured 7pdr howitzers too. A number of barrels pop up in illustrations; all were cast in the 1790s, and I don’t think any were cast later. RC says that more were cast between 1804 and 1813, but I am sure he is confusing it with the 10pdr. The 6in howitzers captured at Waterloo and in the Royal Armouries, when not referring to the 24pdrs, refer to two 10pdrs, one cast in 1795 and the other 1813 (the entry for the latter was shown in my previous post). The 6 pouce was regarded as inaccurate and its carriage had a tendency to shatter (according to RC). Still, a number were used well into the Imperial era. There is an example in Les Invalides mounted on an An XI carriage, clearly from later on. And the official documentation seems to keep mentioning it. Whether it was used in Spain, like the Gribeauval guns, I cannot tell. All the howitzers described in both French (as published by Nafziger) and English (the report of artillery captured at Vitoria) sources refer to all the field howitzers as 6in. The surviving example from Vitoria in Lisbon is a beautiful 24pdr, showing that the French, as well as the British, referred to the 24pdr as “6 inch”. The Spanish government may not have used this design, unlike the Gribeauval guns – and these were the main source of artillery for the French in Spain, apparently. Be that as it may, unlike the other howitzers, there are some lovely drawings of it and its original carriage. Some of these originate with designs sent by the French to the United States. One (after de Scheel 1800) is reproduced in part in DDS, and shows the original elevating mechanism – with a triangle of wood moved by a screw to the rear. Here is another version of this drawing: This is the source of a nice picture in RC – though this elevating mechanism (quite unlike the Gribeauval one) was replaced in 1792 according to DDS (the elevating screw came from below the barrel). Artists and historians seem attracted to these drawings and have quickly appropriated them to represent all French howitzers. It is used, for example in Mark Adkins’s book on Waterloo, in spite of the fact that it was almost certainly not used in the 1815 campaign. The visual appearance is certainly striking. You can see from the above drawing that the barrel is very stubby; there is not much barrel in front of the trunnions and it barely projects from the carriage. But it is also very chunky. as is the carriage, which, apart from the elevating mechanism, seems to have a family resemblance to Gribeauval pattern (though the cheeks do look a bit chunkier, they have that characteristic bend) The wheels are the same as the 8pdr and 12pdr, but the trails are shorter, though longer than for the 4pdr. One remarkable picture in DDS shows this carriage mounting a 24pdr from about 1822 – including the triangle of bolts relating to the obsolete elevating mechanism. This may be an attempt to render an 8pdr carriage, which we are told was in use at the time, but it clearly refers to the obsolete 6 pouce carriage. There is a bit of problem with the drawings though. The barrel seems to be subject to different drawings from the carriage, and the scales get wonky. According to the above drawing the length of the trail is 187cm; according to the picture in DDS it 298cm. According to a table of dimensions in RC (which looks authoritative, though the metric conversion can be shaky) it is 268cm – which is the version I take as accurate. The DDS scale appears to be accurate for the barrel, but not the carriage. The colour illustration in RC seems to have overcome these problems, though, to produce a very nice picture, albeit with the out of date elevating mechanism. How to model the 6 pouce? Unsurprisingly, it is the only French howitzer that any of the manufacturers has attempted. But they haven’t given it much attention. Battle Honours gave us a barrel, but supplied it with their “light” gun carriage, which I have used for the 4pdr. Old Glory and Fantassin/Warmodelling give us a tiny barrel to plant on a standard 8pdr carriage. Minifigs produce quite a nice model, but under scale for my purposes. AB get the closest. The overall dimensions and topography are correct on my models, bought over 10 years ago, and it even gets the elevating mechanism right, but apart from the wheels it just looks a bit weedy. The barrel, in particular, is much too thin – it should rival the 12pdr in girth (the calibre is larger after all (166mm to 121mm). The model may have changed, though. The picture in the link on the Fighting 15s site seems to show an 8pdr style carriage, not unlike the one used for the 6pdr. The recent Blue Moon offering is nothing less than a disaster. The carriage is hopelessly over scale (33mm long, or 330cm in scale). The barrel is on a more accurate scale, but lacks heft, though it is better than the AB attempt. The wheels are fine though! So what to do? I used the BM barrel on the AB carriage. I already had three of the ABs, and I used two for this purpose. Some of the BM carriages I converted to 12pdrs, and I have used all the wheels – so I have managed to get something form £12 purchase of six. If you are starting from scratch I can only suggest you use the AB version and grit your teeth – unless you fancy scratch building the barrel yourself – it has quite a simple shape after all. I remain a bit disappointed with the carriage though. And if they have changed it to the 8pdr type, then this is something of a blank. The closest I can get is the Minifigs Prussian 10pdr, but the wheels are too small, the carriage a bit too broad, and the barrel nothing like right. It may be easier to model it on the AnXI carriage – see my next article. The barrel will still be an issue! And now for the 10pdr. During the 1790s, apparently, the French were impressed with the Prussian 10pdr howitzer. So much so they produced a copy for their own use in 1795. I’m not entirely clear why. Perhaps problems with the 6 pouce howitzer led them to look on foreign weapons more kindly. But its more obvious competitor was the 7pdr howitzer, and Austrian 7pdr howitzer was certainly well regarded. DDS mentions the use of captured Prussian and Austrian ammunition. Perhaps the French just wanted something hefty to join their 12pdr batteries. And this piece was hefty at some 670/680Kg. That was twice as heavy as the 6 pouce, and heavier than the 8pdr gun – and only 100Kg lighter than the 12pdr. And it wasn’t a particularly new design – the original dated from 1743 according to DDS, and I have seen a picture of the barrel of the Prussian version complete with antique dolphins, representing mythical sea creatures, not the simple handles of the Napoleonic era. Still, it continued in use throughout the era, with additional pieces cast in 1813. Two were taken away by the British at Waterloo and are now in the Royal Armouries, one dated 1795, the other 1813. What of its carriage? Here I have practically nothing to go on. DDS declares that the commonly depicted 6 pouce carriage was the Prussian original for this (in the caption to the drawing of the 6 pouce carriage, which shows a very clear drawing of the 6 pouce barrel alongside). I don’t believe this – the design is surely more modern and takes features from the Gribeauval design. But in the absence of any better data, I have decided that ithis carriage was used for both designs. The trail would no doubt have to be widened a bit to take a significantly broader barrel, but I expect that was standard stuff in those days before precision manufacturing. My basis for this (apart from assuming that there might be something in the DDS reference) is a picture in RC showing a Guard artilleryman in front of a howitzer (see below); this is clearly the 6 pouce carraige, but the barrel is a bit ambiguous (a bit too long-nosed for the 6 pouce, without looking like a 10pdr). This picture seems to date from late 19th Century, and is thin evidence indeed. But if in doubt I often take a lead from artists confronted by the same problem; the 10pdr was surely the howitzer used by the Guard foot batteries. Whether this carriage was really robust enough for this brute is another question. Later in the era tangential references in DDS suggest that it may have been mounted on on a modified An XI carriage with an elevating plate. But there are no illustrations of this piece, apart from the barrel, that I have seen anywhere, so this amounts to guesswork. One thing can be said about its appearance though, apart from being very bulky: the trunnions are towards the bottom of the barrel (like many pieces of heavy artillery). This means that it would look as if the barrel was perched on top of the carriage, compared to how other weapons look. Modelling this piece, almost invisible to history, might seem a hopeless task. But not so. I had bought the AB Prussian 7 pdr howitzer to support my slowly developing 1815 Prussian army – but it looked wrong. The barrel looked far to big, and it perched on top of the carriage. As I became aware of the 10pdr, the penny finally dropped. This represented a 10pdr howitzer, not the 7pdr! The dimensions measured up too – though since my French artillery barrels have a slight tendency to be oversized, it might not look quite right in comparison – though fine next to the 6 pouce, as it happens. I used this barrel on the AB French howitzer carriage. I had to add trunnions to it (the AB model moulds these to the carriage not the barrel) from a plastic rod – quite hard for my clumsy fingers, though. I simply borrowed a barrel from one of my many old Battle Honours Austrian howitzers to put on the original Prussian carriage, to give quite decent looking 7pdr. If you don’t want to do this, simply convert the Prussian carriage to a French one. In essence the Prussians copied of the French An XI carriage design for their later ordnance, so it makes quite a plausible carriage for French service. Just cut out the retaining bars for the ammunition box underneath rear end of the trail, and add some trail handles if you feel up to it (bend and cut some fuse wire or ordinary stationery staples and glue on). If you have the patience (I did not on my Prussian conversions) you can also cut off/file down the rings on the right of the rear transom. So here are my models. The 10pdr is on the left, the 6 pouce to the right.: And here is the 6 pouce next to the original AB Prussian “7pdr”. The Prussian howitzer wheels are too flat – a common problem with AB models – but these can be bent into shape with pliers. Apart from the flat wheels, and mounting the wrong sized barrel, the AB model is a beauty, incidentally. Note that the AB French model doesn’t have the distinctive trail handles, which it really should. I haven’t had the patience to add them in this case! Next article: the 24pdr howitzer French artillery in 1/100: Part 4 – the 12pdr And now for the big one. The 12pdr was the standard reserve artillery piece in the French army. These weren’t used in great numbers but they might described as “charismatic”. 12pdr batteries were present at army corps level, and the Imperial Guard had a number of batteries, the elite of the French artillery. The best known version was the Gribeauval one. The picture above is from Les Invilades, the French army museum in Paris, and dates from about 1794, apparently (that may just be the barrel, though). It’s a big brute. Funnily enough the carriage dimensions aren’t that different from the 8pdr (though beware a misconverted metric measurement for cheek length in the dimensions given in RC – the Osprey). The wheels are the same diameter (146cm) and the axle the same length (209cm). The cheek length is 302cm compared to 286cm, and the cheeks are thicker. The overall appearance of the carriage is beefier than for the 8pdr. And the barrel is much bigger of course (211cm from muzzle to base ring, as opposed to 184cm – more misconversions in RC, incidentally): 880Kg, as opposed to 580Kg. Incidentally DDS suggests that the 12pdr barrel was 985Kg in weight, but the two 1794 examples in the Royal Armouries are slightly under 880Kg, the weight given in RC. How the weapon evolved during the wars is not so clear, though. In the An XI review the 12pdr was retained but redesigned. The barrel was nearly the same length, but a bit lighter at 760Kg. Like other An XI designs the barrel did not have the reinforcing rings at the centre, the barrel being smooth from the breach ring up to the muzzle zone. The carriage was also of similar general dimensions to the old one, but straighter, lighter and with the characteristic upturned end. The axle had a wooden casing, the two trunnion positions were a bit closer together, and there was an additional metal band near the axle, between the trunnion recessess – probably the easiest way to tell the difference at a quick glance (though the second reinforcing band on the trail is further back than the Gribeauval design too). Remarkably, one of these carriages is at Les Invilades (with a broken wheel – pictures feature in both RC and DDS): Incidentally this shows the trail handles, which were not part of the original An XI design. The barrel on this weapon, however, is not the An XI 12pdr (you can see the reinforcing rings in the centre) – it looks like the Gribeauval version. Were many of these newer designs ever made? It’s hard to tell. According the DDS the An XI system was suspended in 1805, and by 1808 the original Gribeauval designs were reverted to, subject to some modifications. Old pieces were converted. DDS says that all the An XI 12pdr carriages had been replaced by 1812. In which case for one to have survived is quite remarkable. Alternatively it might be that “replacement” did not involve much more than adding the trail handles (visible in the picture above) and other accoutrements required for the old system for manhandling the guns, and recesses for stowing the ammunition coffret on the trail in transit. If so quite a few modified An XI carriages might well have survived until the disaster of 1812. What did the post-An XI 12pdrs look like? These are referred to as “M1808” by DDS, but I think this system of classification (Original An XI = M1803, etc.) suggests more system and uniformity than there really was, as well as being a modern artefact. DDS carries a couple of pictures of later carriages. One is one of the Royal Armouries pieces, thought to have been captured at Waterloo; the other dates from 1821 and is at Les Invilades. The former has a distinctly turned up trail end, but otherwise looks very similar to the 1794 picture above. The 1821 one is not a complete picture – the trail ends are not shown – and I can’t even be certain it is different from the “1794” one in the first picture above. It may well be my imagination, but I think that both of these later carriages look a bit lighter than the older one, though. I’m sure none of the original Gribeauval pieces were withdrawn after 1803. Many tubes from the 1790s or even earlier still survive. DDS count just 20 French made 12pdrs in service in 1807, so it would seem that the army had quite a reserve of old barrels, unused perhaps because of the shortage of horses. A number of An XI pieces were made and then subject to relatively minor modifications. Then a number of post An XI pieces were made, often remounting old tubes. Amongst the 58 captured French 12 pdrs brought to Moscow on the Tsar’s orders in 1813, the tube manufacture dates are 1767 to 1811, with only 15 post 1803. No doubt further tubes were cast in 1813 – but none has popped up in any of the publications that I have read. In fact no tubes later than the 1790s have – which makes judging the appearance of later castings difficult to judge. Now for my models. I already had two AB 12pdr models. While being generally unenthusiastic about them, I haven’t rejected them. What I don’t like is the trail, which has quite a small gap between the cheeks and there is no splay. But from most angles they are quite reminiscent of the Royal Armouries Waterloo piece, without the turn-up at the trail end. One good feature of the AB models – which Battle Honours (also by Anthony Barton) also reflects – is that the elevating plate is in the right place, rather than being way below the barrel, which Blue Moon tends to get wrong. I wanted at least three more pieces though. I was put off BM by LittleArmies‘ review of their 12 pdr. The trail was 36mm long – 5/6mm too big, though it did have a nice uptick at the end, signifying a late war carriage. But then I had a look at the BM French howitzer carriage. This is way too big for the howitzer itself – my biggest disappointment with Blue Moon, and of which more later. But the carriage and wheels work as the basis for a 12pdr. It is a tad overscale, but tolerable – and better over than under for this piece. The carriage required a few modifications. The rear trunnion recesses had to be cut and filed out. The rear of the elevating mechanism had to be cut out, and an elevating plate (plastic card) put in. A transom (also plastic card) had to be added in between the trail cheeks. The barrels were supplied from stock (I think from old Series 2 Minifigs), though the trunnion slots were a bit deep and I filled them with a little plasticine. In the end I had something quite pleasing, which I think looks the part next to my other models, rather better than my AB piece. Here are the three converted 12pdrs with AB Old Guard crew figures: And here is a rear view of all five, with the two AB models to the right: And finally a comparison between the AB and the conversion a bit closer up: So how would I recommend readers get their own 12pdrs without going through the conversion palaver? Well I have said that the AB version is perfectly acceptable, and you can buy them singly at £2.40 each. My worry is that they do not look at their best next to Blue Moon 6pdrs, with their heavier and wider trails – and the BM 6pdr is nicer than the AB version (more of that later). The BM 12pdr might be worth trying if you don’t mind finding £12 for 6. The carriage is too long, but the other dimensions look OK. Better too big than too small for this one. You will not find anything suitable in Old Glory, Fantasin/Warmodelling or Battle Honours. All of these try putting a 12pdr tubes on an 8pdr carriage (though in the Warmodelling case, this isn’t too bad size-wise, it’s just rather vaguely modelled). As this is quite a widespread practice, buying this one on spec is not advisable. You might even attempt my conversion using the BM howitzer parts – but you will need to find some 12pdr barrels from somewhere. And if you want to do the An XI 12pdr? You can get the barrel by filing down the central reinforcing rings from the Gribeauval version, but the carriage looks a tall order. The BM 12 pdr is the closest, though too long. Converting it would be hard work though. For me this is the one that got away – I would have liked one of these in my collection! Next article: the 6pdr French artillery in 1/100 Part 3: the 8pdr Now on the the most well-known of Gribeauval’s designs: the 8pdr. According to the old wargamers’ beliefs, which are remarkably persistent, this was the main piece in use by the French throughout the wars. Every 15mm figure manufacturer has a go at this one. The 8pdr seems to have been well liked by the artillery men that served it, who forgave its weight. One aspect of the weight was that a second set of trunnion recesseses was required, and the barrel (580kg) had to be moved between them each time the weapon was limbered or unlimbered. No doubt this was easy enough for a practised crew. The weapon had more hitting power than almost all its field opponents (usually 6pdrs – the British 9pdr was the exception, and this could match it). Perhaps that gave the crews a better sense of security in the counterbattery exchanges which were so much a feature of the wars. But the weapon was less popular with the war ministry. The extra weight meant more expensive metal. A typical 6 pdr weighed just 400kg. And no doubt this discrepency applied all the way down the line: the cost of ammunition, and the number of horses and caissons need to shift things around. So in the An XI reforms of 1803 it was decided to phase the 8pdr out. This meant that probably not all that many of them were manufactured. In the pre-Empire era the French were notoriously short of artillery. This persisted into the early Empire when several corps were kitted out with captured artillery, such as Austrian 6pdrs. And after that they were officially obsolete. So they would have missed out on the big manufacturing push in the early Empire period. Still, they continued in use after 1803. No doubt the field units were reluctant to give them up, and the first priority was to replace the captured guns with the new 6pdrs. According to the orders of battle for the 1809 Austrian campaign, quite a few units were still equipped with 8pdrs. This included the horse artillery supporting the cuirassier divisions – showing that the piece’s weight was not too much of an obstacle even for use by the horse arm. By 1812, though, they were gone, except in Spain. There were none at Waterloo. As with the 4pdr, though, they experienced a bit of an afterlife in the Pensinsula. This was partly because the Spanish had them, and it was convenient for the French to take these over. Some divisional batteries used them, but they were also used in a reserve artillery role, in place of the 12pdr. Nearly as many of them were at Vitoria as 4pdrs – though how many of them were actually in use, rather than left on the Park, is an open question. (As it happens I suspect that all, or almost all, of them were brought into action in that battle, mostly as reserve artillery, and the 12 pdrs were left in the Park). That wasn’t the end of the story though. The post-Napoleonic regime brought them back for use in the horse artillery, and their use continued beyond 1827. There are no photographs of surviving 8pdrs with original carriages – which means that probably none have survived. Oddly enough I haven’t even seen any detailed drawings either. There is a rather fine model in the French Army Museum, which gets a lot of pictures in the publications, though, so I suspect that detailed drawings do exist. A few barrels survive, including one in Britain’s National Armouries. For my models I wanted just three of these, enough for the artillery-light Peninsula and revolutionary wars battles, and to play a role in any 1809 scenarios. I decided to assemble them from bits and pieces I had to hand, rather than buying them new. I took the carriage from my Old Glory pack. These are quite nice, at about the right scale. It is nicely detailed, and I find the proportions are pleasing to the eye. There’s a slight splay on the trail, which not all models attempt. A trail spike is moulded stowed on one side, which won’t be to everybody’s taste (the same is true for my Battle Honours 4pdrs). The main problem is that the elevating plate is too low for the firing position – though works perfectly well for the travelling position on the rear trunnion recesses. The trouble with the OG models is that the wheels are too small (though at least they can be reused for the 4pdrs!), and the barrel doesn’t work. The wheels look quite nice – but I want to acheive the big-wheeled look in my models. Truth be told I’m not entirely sure which barrels came from which models with my old bits and pieces, but I’m not that impressed with the ones I think are from OG (nor the ones I know came with the OG Prussian pack). The three OG carriages I was using (with their original wheels) had barrels borrowed from (I think) BH 8 pdrs (where the carriage is not as nice). I took the wheels from the Blue Moon French howitzers. This pack was a major disappointment, of which more later, so sparing three pairs of wheels was not a difficulty. As for the barrels, my BH ones would have done at a pinch, but they were a tad small. The main problem with them was that they did not look much different in size from the Blue Moon 6pdr barrels – and I needed them to look substantially bigger (while being clearly distinguishable from 12pdrs). I found one really nice barrel, though I don’t know where it came from (it might be a very underscale BH 12 pdr). The other two were, remarkably enough, taken from my series 2 Minifigs Austrian 6pdrs, which says something about the accuracy of those old ranges! I cut the rear portion of the elevating plate from from plastic card and glued it to underneath and the back of the barrel. The overall result was quite pleasing. This picture shows the three with OG horse artillery crew figures on my old basing system. The two Minifigs barrels are closest to the camera: A rear view without the crews (on an uneven cloth!): And here next to my 12pdr, the latter with AB Guard foot crew figures: How would I recommend readers model the 8pdr from scratch? No need to repeat my palaver. Based on LittleArmies‘ reviews, the Blue Moon 8pdr is probably perfectly good, if your budget can stretch a pack of 6 for £12 in the UK. AB also do an 8pdr, though I haven’t seen it and neither did LittleArmies. But I have seen their 6pdr and 12 pdr and a picture. It is likely to be nicely detailed, with the trails dead straight and a little narrow. But the wheels will be about the right size, and the elevating plate probably in the right place. And you can buy them one at a time (at £2.40 here in the UK). If you are using the 12pdr and 6pdr from AB (which I will post about in due course), then this may be the best choice. As I have already said, I don’t like the BH 8pdr, even if it was readily availalble; the OG version has the problems I have mentioned, as well as being sold in packs with crew (though these should be usable, unlike the BH ones). Incidentally, LittleArmies has two different versions of the OG artillery, neither of which match mine, though he wasn’t entirely sure where his originated from. So there’s also a risk that what you get now does not match ones I had in my 1809 Horse artillery pack, bought before Timecast days. The Warmodelling/Fantassin models are really quite horrid, and I would avoid them. LittleArmies says the XAN version works well, though I would find the wide carriage a bit off-putting. I haven’t seen the Minifigs version, but they tend to be a bit small. There will be many others out there which I haven’t seen, of course. Next article: the 12pdr Get email alerts of new items posted to the blog Battlefront WWII rules 24 May 2019 Seven Days to Iron Cross 21 May 2019 A new version for BBB 16 May 2019 My new 1943 vehicles: the Germans 10 May 2019 1943: vehicle arrivals. The British 9 May 2019 Todd “Itinerant Hobbyist” on Rules Todd “Itinerant Hobbyist” on Battlefront WWII rules Todd Itinerant Hobbyist on Seven Days to Iron Cross admin on Battlefront WWII rules Simon on Battlefront WWII rules Games & rules Historical analysis Battlefront WWII rules Seven Days to Iron Cross A new version for BBB	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line143
__label__wiki	0.564775	0.564775	Go to navigation for this page ⚓Overview Elsewhere is a Node.js project that aims to replicate part of the functionality of the Google’s now discontinued Social Graph API. When given the URL of a person’s website or social media profile (e.g. a Twitter account), it outputs a JSON-formatted list of the other websites and social media profiles that belong to that person. In other words, it can determine a person’s ‘social graph’ from a single URL in the graph. Elsewhere can be set up as a web service, providing a JSON API that can be easily queried over a network. It can also be included as a Node module and used directly within a server-side project. Try the Elsewhere explorer at example.elsewherejs.com Elsewhere on Github Dharmafly on Twitter This is a JavaScript project ⚓ Download Star the project on GitHub, or download it: Elsewhere on GitHub Elsewhere v0.0.4 ⚓ An example For the start URL http://lanyrd.com/profile/chrisnewtn, Elsewhere finds this network of profiles that belong to the same person: Chris Newton's conference talks and presentations \| Lanyrd Chris Newton (@chrisnewtn) op Twitter Chris Newton Chris Newton - Google+ chrisnewtn (Chris Newton) · GitHub newt42’s Music Profile – Users at Last.fm Flickr: chrisnewtn's Photostream Flickr: chrisnewtn ⚓ How does it work? To use Elsewhere, simply provide it with a URL. 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It’s also worth noting that profile owners deliberately place these links on their profiles to make them discoverable. If the profile owner has neglected to place a link there, Elsewhere won’t find one. Once Elsewhere has run out of new rel=me links to search, it returns a list of all the URLs it has found. This list is what is referred to as the ‘social graph’, the owner of which being the owner of the URL you initially gave Elsewhere. Strict Mode and verified links Elsewhere can make strict checks to verify that that each linked URL is indeed owned by the same person as the original site. After all, anyone could create a website, add a rel=me link to Elvis Presley’s website and claim to be him. Elsewhere checks if the linked page itself has a rel=me link back to the original URL. If there is such a reciprocal link, then the relationship is deemed to be ‘verified’. But Elsewhere is more sophisticated than that. The reciprocal link doesn’t have to be directly between the two sites. For example, if a Twitter account links to a GitHub account, which links to a home page, which links back to the Twitter account, then the relationship between the Twitter account and home page will be verified, even though the two don’t directly link to each other. Elsewhere operates in non-strict mode by default, in which it will return both verified and unverified URLs. This mode is useful because many profile pages and personal websites lack rel=me links, making it difficult to verify those links and leading to many legitimate links being missed. To be absolutely sure of the stated relationships, turn on strict mode (by setting the strict option to true) and only verified URLs will be returned. URL shortners and redirects When elsewhere follows a link and that link resolves to a different URL, that new resolved URL takes precedence over the original. For instance: http://github.com/chrisnewtn -> https://github.com/chrisnewtn http://t.co/vV5BWNxil2 -> http://chrisnewtn.com The original links to a page are still shown in the graph in that page’s urlAliases collection, but as far as the rest of the graph is concerned, that link is now known by its resolved name. Were URL shorteners and redirects ignored, you’d end up with a situation where both http://github.com/user and https://github.com/user were in your graph as two seperate pages, which is clearly incorrect. ⚓ Getting Started Elsewhere requires Node.js to be installed first. Clone the repo and start the server by running these commands in the terminal: git clone git@github.com:dharmafly/elsewhere.git cd elsewhere bin/elsewhere Now head to localhost:8888. You can test the API on this page by entering a URL into the ‘url’ box and clicking ‘Parse’. This will render the graph as a list on the page, complete with the names of each page of the graph and their respective favicons. You can also test the API by simply appending the target URL to your address bar like so: http://localhost:8888/?url=http://chrisnewtn.com This will return a JSON version of the graph e.g. results: [ url: "http://chrisnewtn.com", title: "Chris Newton", favicon: "http://chrisnewtn.com/favicon.ico", outboundLinks: { verified: [ ... ], unverified: [ ] inboundCount: { verified: 4, unverified: 0 verified: true, urlAliases: [ "http://t.co/vV5BWNxil2" warnings: [ "http error: 404 (Not Found) - http://twitter.com/statuses/user_timeline/chrisnewtn.rss" query: "http://chrisnewtn.com", created: "2012-10-12T16:30:57.270Z", crawled: 9, verified: 9 The initial crawl will take a while, as each page needs to be visited, checked and cached. Once cached though, it should be pretty snappy. See the API Reference for more details. ⚓ Changelog Changed error handing and surfaced warnings in the graph data. Various other changes. Replace JSDOM with Cheerio. Add domain limiter. Various other changes. Tweaks to the signature of the graph method. Various internal changes. First viable version of It is living and ceasing to live that are imaginary solutions. Existence is elsewhere. by Dharmafly	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line145
__label__wiki	0.872988	0.872988	Moscow court extends detention of Sakhalin ex-governor until late May Sakhalin ex-governor Khoroshavin to stay jailed till late February Sakhalin ex-governor Khoroshavin suspected of taking $337k in bribes – report Third criminal case opened against former Sakhalin governor Khoroshavin © RIA Novosti, Aleksey Druzhinin Tags: Corruption, The Moscow City Court, Alexander Khoroshavin, Moscow, Russia MOSCOW, February 24 (RAPSI) – The Moscow City Court has extended until May 27 the detention of former governor of the Sakhalin Region, Alexander Khoroshavin, who stands accused of taking bribes, his lawyer Ivan Mironov told RAPSI on Wednesday. Detention of Andrei Ikramov, former advisor of Khoroshavin who is charged with being involved in a bribery scheme, has been also extended for three months. Investigators announced in March 2015 that Khoroshavin and several other officials were arrested for allegedly taking a $5.6 million bribe to secure a contract to build a power unit for the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk thermal plant. Last April, Khoroshavin was charged in another criminal case with taking a bribe of at least 15 million rubles ($194,500) for providing credits on advantageous terms to one of the local businessmen. He pleaded not guilty. In January, the third criminal case was opened against Khoroshavin. According to investigators, he took 27 million rubles ($350,000) in bribes from candidates for the positions in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk City Duma in 2014. President Vladimir Putin dismissed Khoroshavin from his post due to “loss of trust” in March 2015. 16:26 24/02/2016 The Moscow City Court has extended until May 27 the detention of former governor of the Sakhalin Region, Alexander Khoroshavin, who stands accused of taking bribes.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line149
__label__wiki	0.851262	0.851262	Export 10190 results: Thompson Brothers Commercial Photographers. Albert G. (Dutch) Roth Marking the A.T. mileage. University of Tennessee, Knoxville: Thompson Brothers Digital Photograph Collection, Undated. Roth, Albert "Dutch" Gordon. Albert Gordon "Dutch" Roth and others.. The University of Tennessee Libraries Digital Collections: Albert Gordon "Dutch" Roth Digital Photograph Collection, Undated. Discover Life in America. All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory (ATBI) Database., Undated. National Park Service. The Appalachian Trail in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. United States Department of the Interior National Park Service, Undated. Murphy, Ellen B., Steven J. Shepard, and Sandra Jo Forney. Assessment of Archeological Resources of the Proposed Blue Ridge Parkway Extension within Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Tallahassee, FL: Southeast Archeological Center, Undated. Austin, Jr., Frank J.. Austin-Brooks Collection, 1914-1924 In Austin-Brooks Collection, 1914-1924. Asheville, North Carolina: D.H. Ramsey Library, Special Collections, University of North Carolina at Asheville, Undated. Webster, Herbert M.. "Bald foreground. Mtn. range in distance. Halls Cabin?". The University of Tennessee Libraries, Special Collections Libray.: Herbert M. Webster Photographs Collection (1926-1955), MS.3338, Undated. Pelton, Michael R.. Bear Research: A Compilation of Program Literature; Bear Research. Knoxville, TN: Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Undated. Webster, Herbert M.. "Big Huckleberry from Strattons Bald". The University of Tennessee Libraries, Special Collections Libray.: Herbert M. Webster Photographs Collection (1926-1955), MS.3338, Undated. Webster, Herbert M.. "Cabin Construction". The University of Tennessee Libraries, Special Collections Libray.: Herbert M. Webster Photographs Collection (1926-1955), MS.3338, Undated. Webster, Herbert M.. "The Cabin in the Brier". The University of Tennessee Libraries, Special Collections Libray.: Herbert M. Webster Photographs Collection (1926-1955), MS.3338, Undated. Webster, Herbert M.. "Camp at Double Springs Gap. Gay - Harvey [Broome] - Geo. Barber - Walter Berry - Wiley Thomas - Dutch Roth. Very Special". The University of Tennessee Libraries, Special Collections Libray.: Herbert M. Webster Photographs Collection (1926-1955), MS.3338, Undated. Webster, Herbert M.. "Campfire just outside Cabin in Greenbrier. Top Row: Chas. Gibson - West Barber - Roger Howell - Herb Webster - Jim Webster; 2nd Row: Jesse Dempster - Dickerman" - Mrs. Jim Webster - Harriett Foulkes. Others not identified,"#383: Campfire just outside.... The University of Tennessee Libraries, Special Collections Libray.: Herbert M. Webster Photographs Collection (1926-1955), MS.3338, Undated. Historic American Engineering Record. Cataloochee Valley Road, Cataloochee Valley, Gatlinburg, Sevier County, TN. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division: Historic American Engineering Record, Undated. Webster, Herbert M.. "Charlie bends his back to bitter wind down Nolands creek. 'The Coldest Day'". The University of Tennessee Libraries, Special Collections Libray.: Herbert M. Webster Photographs Collection (1926-1955), MS.3338, Undated. Webster, Herbert M.. "Charlie DuBoise at Eagle Rocks. 22 mile round trip from Newfound Gap - 2in-6in [of] snow". The University of Tennessee Libraries, Special Collections Libray.: Herbert M. Webster Photographs Collection (1926-1955), MS.3338, Undated. Cherokee Orchard-Roaring Fork Self-Guiding Motor Nature Trail: Great Smoky Mountain National Park, North Carolina-Tennessee. Gatlinburg, TN: Great Smoky Mountains Natural History Association, Undated. Hunter Library Digital Collection, Western Carolina University. Cherokee Phoenix., Undated. Roth, Albert "Dutch" Gordon. Chimneys from The Sugarlands.. The University of Tennessee Libraries Digital Collections: Albert Gordon "Dutch" Roth Digital Photograph Collection, Undated. Webster, Herbert M.. "Chimneys. View from Road". The University of Tennessee Libraries, Special Collections Libray.: Herbert M. Webster Photographs Collection (1926-1955), MS.3338, Undated. Webster, Herbert M.. "Citico Creek Crossing. At right, Charlie D. & Prof Duncan give assist to Harriett Foulkes, center, Sonny Morris looks on, as Hugh Hoss gives a hand to Mildred W[ebster], L[eft], & Mildred T., [Right]". The University of Tennessee Libraries, Special Collections Libray.: Herbert M. Webster Photographs Collection (1926-1955), MS.3338, Undated. E.B.C.I.(Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians) Planning Board. Commercial Areas Appearance Program, Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. Vol. 6. North Carolina Dept. of Natural and Economic Resources, Undated. Pelton, Michael R.. A Compilation of Program Literature; Bear Research. Knoxville, TN: Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Undated. Roth, Albert "Dutch" Gordon. Cosby Knob shelter. Sixteen inches of snow.. The University of Tennessee Libraries Digital Collections: Albert Gordon "Dutch" Roth Digital Photograph Collection, Undated.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line154
__label__wiki	0.956485	0.956485	Picroda JPHiP Radio (28/200 @ 128 kbs) Now playing: Hamasaki Ayumi - Beautiful Day JPHiP Forum » Asian Music Entertainment » [CHI] Stefanie Sun Yanzi Author Topic: [CHI] Stefanie Sun Yanzi (Read 19974 times) daigong Communist Master of Ass Member++ 孫燕姿 Stefanie Sun Yanzi HER NEW ALBUM IN AGES!! Against The Light (released 2007-03-21) I fell in love with her piano playing ... "ooh ooh" debut song in like 2000? 2001? She was like a lil pixie with cute teeth, NOW SHE'S MANDO QUEEN?! WTF! From Yesasia: "After an extensive hiatus from her career, Mando-pop chanteuse Stefanie Sun is more than ready to return to the music scene. Stefanie's new album, Against the Light, revolves around the idea of a never-ending source of energy. According to the singer, staring at her loved one gives her the strength to believe and to continue with whatever lies ahead of her. This is exactly what can be heard in the titular song (Track 1) which comes as a mid-tempo tune with piano and string accompaniment and of course Stefanie's unique vocals. "What I Miss" (Track 4) and "Whirlpool" (Track are two profound ballads with story-like lyrics that are sure to touch the listeners in all the right places. "Dream Journey" (Track 2) is a more carefree song with a unique classic arrangement. Another highlight on this ten-track album is the rock ballad "Floating" (Track 6) which starts with piano accompaniment and centers on Stefanie's vocal strength as the song's intensity increases towards the end with strong chorus arrangements. Last but not least, the album also contains the romantic "Needing You" (Track 9) which creates an enchanting atmosphere through a simple but captivating string arrangement." DOWNLOAD HERE! http://www.twitter.com/?d=RT5I3R7U Birth name Stefanie Sng Ee Tze Born July 23, 1978 (age 28) Origin Singapore Genre(s) Pop Occupation(s) Singer-songwriter Years active 2000 - 2008 more info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefanie_Sun OFFICIAL SITE: http://www.myyanzi.net/discuz/index.php « Last Edit: November 10, 2008, 09:41:05 AM by Masa » Ode to LaLuna 1st ALBUM AUG 6 dai-tan 想念你 Re: [CHI] Stefanie Sun Yanzi Yeaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaah!! Classics: [KTV]孫燕姿-天黑黑 Love her edgy experimental shit. Doing Indian sampling way before slum dog coachie I only know one of her albums (Yanzi I think) after a friend send me "Run" @ Coachie's Last.fm @ Setalia The Pun Idol Formerly: Charmy, Risuzu I'm a huge fan of Kuraki Mai. Recently, I started falling in love with her song "Tonight I feel close to you". Tonight, I Feel Close to You When I started paying attention to the other singer, I realized I liked her vocals also, so I started looking her up. So here I am. I may be becoming a fan of Stefanie Sun quite soon. Love&Peace Asmodai I love that song too Charmy. Lots of great stuff if you do become a fan. Swaggalicious Basterd 夏宇童-每朝美Day MV 孙燕姿眼泪成诗 MV DVDRip 孙燕姿我要的幸福 MV Quote from: daigong on April 08, 2007, 07:27:29 PM Dopeness! 咕嘰咕嘰孫燕姿 - 咕嘰咕嘰 My fav Stefanie song she sings the theme song for the movie 'Mulan' starring Vicki Zhao Wei Love the long hair! i promised Risuzu this....months ago Sun Yanzi - To Be Continued 01. 神奇 02. 我不難過 03. 永遠 04. 未完成 05. 接下來 06. 學會 07. 年輕無極限 08. 了解 09. 休止符 10. 沒有人的方向 DOWNLOAD (44.39 MB) http://www.multiupload.com/FEB18QLN7M hope she drops some new shit soon.... Mid Autumn Concert in China!!! 2010央视中秋晚会 from 2010-09-22 Elva Meets Jolin and Stefanie Elva, Jolin and Stefanie Sun finally got the chance to catch up at a recent Mid Autumn Festival concert in China. The last time the trio got together was in 2005, when they gathered to watch Korean star, Rain's concert. The pop divas talked about everything under the sun, from dieting tips to shopping. Standing next to Jolin and Stefanie, Elva appeared to be a size larger than the two of them. "I'm going to collect protection fees!" Elva joked. They also had monikers for themselves - Miss Elva, Sexy Lin and Beauty Zi. wow! pimping hot brands in Hong Kong DON'T CALL IT A COMEBACK!! Stefanie Sun to Release New Album after 4-Year Break 2011-02-16 09:46:08 CRIENGLISH.com Web Editor: Duanlei After a four-year break, Singaporean singer Stefanie Sun will release her eleventh album on March 1, QQ.com reports. Entitled "It's Time" ("Shi Shi Hou"), the album is the first Sun has recorded under a new contract with her record label Wonderful Music, which has a huge influence in China's digital music market. It has been reported that the company will spend US$682,000 to promote the new album and film music videos. Sun entered the music industry in 2000 with a self-titled album "Yan Zi". Since then, she has recorded 10 albums and sold more than 10 million CDs. The photoshoot: the MV! Stefanie Sun Says 'It's Time' 2011-03-02 14:38:29 CRIENGLISH.com Web Editor: Tian Tian It's time for Singaporean singer Stefanie Sun to return to the music scene after a four-year hiatus with her new album entitled "It's Time", the singer says. Sun was in Beijing on Tuesday, March 1, 2011 to promote her new album, Sohu.com reported. She appeared to have left her tomboy image behind, sporting a longer hairstyle and flattering full-length dress during her public appearance. Attendees of the high-profile public event included Sun's parents and her music teachers-famous music pioneers Peter Lee Shih Shiong and Paul Lee Wei Song. Sun's new album chronicles the changes in the singer's emotions during different periods of her life in a very clear timeline. "I've become more mature in the past four years," Sun said. "People cannot always stay young. One needn't surpass or change something deliberately." While Sun acknowledged that album sales in general had declined over the last few years, she said music was still important. "I wanted to make a good album now, and it's time to come back," Sun said. The singer joined a new record label, Wonderful Music, this year. She entered the music industry in 2000 with a self-titled album "Yan Zi". Since then, she has recorded 10 albums and sold more than 10 million CDs. droppin the world premiere shit 孫燕姿 - 是時候 01. 世說心語 02. 當冬夜漸暖 03. 空口言 04. 愚人的國度 05. 快瘋了 06. 追 07. 時光小偷 08. 180度 09. 明天的記憶 10. 是時候 FUCK!! A MUST SEE! Mandopop Divas Join Hands for 'Perfect' Concert 2011-06-30 15:55:48 CRIENGLISH.com Web Editor: Xie Tingting Four top songstresses of Mandopop will join forces to present a "perfect" concert in Beijing. The concert, which has been titled "Perfect", will feature A-mei, Stefanie Sun, Sandy Lam and Karen Mok, who will give fans a treat performing their popular songs on July 16 at Beijing Workers' Stadium. The pop divas will be joined by two male guest performers, singers Li Jian and Hins Cheung. "Perfect" Concert Time: 7:30 p.m., July 16, 2011, Saturday Venue: Workers' Stadium, Beijing Performers: A-mei, Stefanie Sun, Sandy Lam, Karen Mok Guest performers: Li Jian, Hins Cheung Tickets: 180 - 1,680 yuan Tel: (86 10) 8408 5551/400 810 1887 hyoyoung My favorite cpop singer. I think she did a great job on her last album. I really liked! now she kind of retired, and she wants to continue that way, cuz marriage and stuff. I hope she releases a new album in the future!!! hi welcome hyoyoung! oh really? we must be very fortunate whenever she makes an appearance!! saying something on Hit FM! I don't understand mandarin I agree, cuz now is very for she makes an appearance. i'm like you, i only understand the very basic of mandarim she continues to do some jobs different hair, but nice!	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line159
__label__wiki	0.673499	0.673499	Mitchelville history Tours & Exhibits Archaeology at Mitchelville Exhibit Archaeology at Mitchelville Exhibition "In the fall of 1862, Major General Ornsby Mitchel, commander of the Department of the South at Hilton Head Island, ordered the construction of a Freedmen’s town to serve as a new home for thousands of former slaves who flocked to the island after it fell to Union forces in November 1861. Mitchelville was more than a refugee camp. The town’s new residents built their own homes with materials provided by the Union Army. They were responsible for creating their own government, enforcing town ordinances, establishing schools, and ensuring that every child between the ages of 6 and 15 attended regularly. Mitchelville proved that freed men and women could govern, sustain, and educated themselves."1 Archaeology at Mitchelville will display excavated findings from the first large-scale dig lead by Brockington and Associates. The dig uncovered remnants of old homes, wells and garbage pits, and recovered more than 20,000 artifacts representing the personal belongings, tools and household goods from the first self-governed, freed slaves' town in America, established on Hilton Head in 1862. The exhibition is being housed at the Westin Hilton Head Resort and Spa. It is free to the public and open daily. Excerpt taken from bcgov.net Plan your visit today - at the Westin Hilton Head Resort and Spa Grasslawn Drive, Hilton Head Island, SC Mitchelville Sponsors And Supporters Queens Chapel A.M.E Church St. James Baptist Church Mt. Calvary Baptist Church First African Baptist Church Historic Cherry Hill School Central Oak Grove Baptist Church The Voices of El Shaddai Volunteers of Mitchelville C&J Lawn Maintenance Give to MitchelvilleDonate Become a VolunteerSupport Support Mitchelville The mission of the Mitchelville Preservation Project is to replicate, preserve and sustain an historically significant site and to educate the public about the sacrifice, resilience and perseverence of the freedmen of Mitchelville, which in 1862 was the first self-governed town of freed slaves in America. 539 William Hilton Pkwy, Hilton Head Island, South Carolina 29926 site designed by hyperkingmedia.com	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line167
__label__wiki	0.50258	0.50258	Rescue Me Resurgence in Season Five It's very rare for a TV series to lose its way several years into its life, and then come back with (in this case) a ferocious vengeance. Last year, Rescue Me (Tuesday night, 10pm on fX was foundering and lost. The series, which started as an inside look and homage to the humor and horror that NYC firemen (post 9-11) live every day, had gone off into a surreal, almost daytime soap opera zone that became, (even for this die hard fan) nearly unwatchable. Thanks to Denis Leary's writing, producing and unfailing eye for the dark side of humor, Rescue Me is back. In fact, as a fan who has never missed a single episode, this is without question the best season ever. The most recent episode, "Iceman", opened with the theatrical existentialism of Eugene O'Neil's The Iceman Cometh, where Tommy Gavin faced his demons and ghosts in a NYC bar. And it ended with more blood, fire, explosions, and drama than you would pay good money to see for one of those Jerry Bruckheimer action flicks at your local movie palace. In between, there was profane, swallow your tongue humor and...quite frankly...the best banter on TV. Last week's episode found our beloved Tommy Gavin (Denis Leary) tossing his AA chip for the siren call of ghosts and alcohol once again. This is not a new theme, and could have been tedious, except for a phenomenal moment between Tommy, and fellow firehouse buddy (and now room-mate) Lou. Confronting T. Gavin, Lou launches into a flaming put down of all his faults, and lays it on the line. "Sober...you're a great fireman. And a selfish, spiteful, hit the nail on the head, no bullshit kind of guy. Drunk...you're a great fireman. And a selfish, spiteful, hit the nail on the head, no bullshit kind of guy. But funny. And I like funny." This may be my favorite TV line of the season. Played by John Scurti (Lou), Shea is a revelation. He's a solid, hilarious, down-to-earth dude who seems more real than any other character on the series. I think he is sexy as hell, and I don't wonder why the mean French journalist was attracted to him. If she didn't give Lou a roll in the sheets, that's one more reason why folks here in the USA might resent the French. I hope Emmy award nominations are around the corner for both Denis Leary and Scurti this Fall. This is superb television, and as we wait for some of our other favorites to come back, there isn't anything better on TV. Please visit the website too, as Denis Leary wants to funnel the recognition for this fantastic program into support for real life firefighters and their missions. Posted by Jane at 7:46 PM Labels: Denis Leary, FX, John Scurti, Rescue Me The show has been amazing this year, just about as good as the early seasons, which were savagely great. I also didn't like so much the descent into soap opera with Sheila, especially. Denis Leary makes it look so easy, people think he's playing himself, but he's a superb actor. And funny, as Lou says. I like him that way, too. If he doesn't get at least nominated for an Emmy this season I will be very surprised. Although I must say that I have been just as fascinated by Breaking Bad's Bryan Cranston (who won Best Actor last year). And of course as soon as Michael C. Hall returns as "Dexter" and Jon Hamm as Don Draper in "Mad Men", I'll think they deserve the prize. So many fabulous TV leading men...so little time! Monday, June 01, 2009 10:41:00 AM Fantastic News for "Dexter" Fans! We're Starting Our "TrueBlood" Countdown! Fall 2009 Network TV Preview Coming Soon! AI Finale: Oops! Waiting for Adam: American Idol Season 8 "24" Season Finale Tonight on Fox A Big "Be Safe" Shout-Out to Nosers in Los Angeles... Leonard Nimoy on "Fringe" Finale -- Fascinating! Viral Video: Hulu's New Commercial with Denis Lear... "30 Rock" Star Jane Krakowski in Hilarious "GWTW" ... Cheer up: "Glee" Gives us a Sneak Peak Next Week!... Viral Video Moment: U-Zoo Hits the Spot Star Trek XXX: It had to happen Amazingly Insightful "Star Trek" Article in the N.... Star Trek The Movie: They Had Me At Hello "Onion News Network" Weighs In on "Star Trek" Movi... We're Keeping a Bit Mum on the New "Star Trek" Mov... An AI Outrage The Idol Rock Stars (and the post-Idol dilemma) More Videos! Terrific Dr. McCoy Tribute Video! Star Trek Memories Over Time Leonard Nimoy to Appear on Next Week's "Fringe" Se... Found a Great Feature about Spock on NPR! Hugs and Kisses from Kirk and Spock My Last Star Trek Post Before the Movie....Really!... THE 135TH RUNNING OF THE KENTUCKY DERBY Straight from the Federation! T-Minus One Week and Counting Until Star Trek the ...	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line168
__label__wiki	0.824308	0.824308	Bangor and Greenhills/ Greenpark join forces BANGOR Celtic and Greenhills/Greenpark have joined forces in the Leinster Senior League ahead of the new season. Rebranded Bangor Greenhills/Greenpark FC, the new club will field three teams in the LSL in Senior Sunday, Major Saturday and Premier One Sunday. Bangor Greenhills/Greenpark have seen huge numbers at training following the recent amalgamation of the two clubs. The schoolboy section in Greenhills which caters for 11 underage teams will not be affected by this amalgamation and will continue to be known as Greenhills Boys. Already the move has had a positive impact for both clubs with more than 50 players attending their first senior training season last week. And both sides have completely embraced the move which they firmly believe could make Greenhills a powerhouse of junior soccer in the coming years. “It’s great for the community” said Bangor Greenhills/Greenpark Secretary Gerry Carney. “We’d been in discussions about this for months and it’s the perfect fit, like a hand in glove. It’s a great for both clubs and it’s great for football in Greenhills. “We’ll be hoping to bring in more senior players from the area and to bring in more young players for the schoolboy sides.” Bangor, who were previously based in the Iveagh Grounds, have now made the move to Greenhills as Carney explained “If you’re going to make this move, you want to show your commitment and that’s why we decided to move from the Iveagh Grounds to Greenhills.” Certainly the facilities they have in Greenhills made the prospect of amalgamation all the more enticing for Bangor who have been a long time operating in the top ranks of the Leinster Senior League. “This move ticks all the boxes, I can’t think of any negatives” said Bangor Greenhills/Greenpark Assistant Chairperson, Paul Reid. “Football is changing and you have to embrace change. You look at Sacred Heart. They joined up with Killinarden and now Firhouse Clover and that’s the way things are going now. “You have to swim with the tide, otherwise you’ll just drown. “This is a really positive move and it will be great in attracting quality players to the area. Already we have some players, who had previously left the club and are back with us now. “We’ve great facilities in Greenhills and I really feel this has the potential to become a hotbed for senior football” he told The Echo. On another note Greenhills Boys will be holding their Schoolboy Mini Blitz and Family Fun Day in Greenhills Park this weekend. Prev Adeleke storms to victory at National Championships Next Olaniyan secures European berth Widow appeals for the return of priceless pics New photos released of missing Brendan Burke (71) Gardai bring home the bacon as Ziggy the Piggy is reunited with owners	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line172
__label__wiki	0.669321	0.669321	You chose: europe David-Maria Sassoli Elected President of The European Parliament Roberta Cutillo(July 05, 2019) In reply to why he wished to be elected, the Italian former journalist stated that “Europe will be stronger only with a Parliament which plays a more important role." The EU and Italian Debt: More Tolerance? Judith Harris(June 04, 2019) Italy's deputy premiers Salvini and Di Maio, governing partners for the past year, have not been on speaking terms for weeks. But under pressure from the European Union over the country's giant debt, they are trying to find a way out, as an EU deadline looms July 9 "Solid" Italian Economy Wins Positive Fitch Rating Judith Harris(February 25, 2019) In the words of Premier Giuseppe Conte, the latest Fitch Ratings signal the "solidity" of the Italian economy. And to maintain that solidity requires the country's continued support of the European Union, adds Mario Draghi, president of the European Central Bank (BCE). Voices Raised in Political Boxing Match Judith Harris(November 01, 2018) Major elections take place only next May in the 27 EU member states, including Italy. But already political voices are being raised in Italy these days, from the rubbish pile-up to the pile-up of the national debt. Over 100,000 Italians Emigrated in 2015 Kayla Pantano(October 06, 2016) A report released by the Migrantes Foundation reveals that more Italians are moving abroad than ever. World Leaders Face Immigration Issues Federico Ghelli(September 22, 2016) In a side event of the United Nations General Assembly, world leaders share their opinions and approaches to migratory and refuges flows from Africa and the Middle East into Europe. Experts Discuss European Integration After Brexit Vote Kayla Pantano(September 16, 2016) At Columbia Law School, a panel of distinguished speakers shed light on what Brexit means and the future of the European Union. Brexit Fallout on Italy: Watch Your Step! After days of being rocked by post-Brexit shock waves, the Italian stock market rebounded a percentage point more or less across the board. But the fact remains that the "Brexit" referendum vote has fallout effects that could become devastating for Italy. Dining in & out: Articles & Reviews Italian Food Festival at the Delegates Dining Room (7 to 11 December 2015) (December 08, 2015) Five days to celebrate the best of Italian cuisine at the UN Headquarters on the occasion of the 60th Anniversary of Italy’s entry into the United Nations. The EU Too is Asleep on the Rocks The flood of migrants pouring into Italy shows no sign of abating, and Italy is appealing to the European Union for assistance. Instead France, for one, has closed its border with Italy at Ventimiglia, leaving refugees to sleep in train stations and on rocks on the beach. The political fallout for Italy has far-reaching consequences.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line188
__label__cc	0.747615	0.252385	You chose: television The Biggest Italian Private Television Group Launches in the U.S. Nicola Vincenzi(February 14, 2012) Mediaset Italia is here. Interview with Patricio Teubal, the dynamic manager who made it happen. The Secret History of Italian Americans on TV Joey Skee(March 06, 2011) Pausing the flickering image of the cathode ray tube. Italian Americans in the Trap of Television. An Interview with Maria Laurino Ottorino Cappelli(January 18, 2010) Italian Americans should put an end to their obsession with their image in the television media. Television, in general, tends to caricature reality; it likes showing things that are over the top. This is not about Italian Americans—it is about the media, it's about "reality show." The controversy about MTV's Jersey Shore and the Calandra Institute's colloquium on the "Guido lifestyle" should not be resolved by censorship. It is only through dialogue that you are going to better understand these complex issues of ethnic identity and the media, and further the discussion. Censoring dialogue is always a dangerous act. It reveals a kind of ethnic nationalism that is only about pride and doesn’t allow for any kind of questioning or dissent. An entry from The Encyclopedia of Imagined Italian-Americana Joey Skee(December 14, 2009) The lost Christmas special of "The Honeymooners" with an Italian-American theme, from the Imaginarium of Joey Skee. The Sound of Italian-American Cultural Philanthropy Joey Skee(September 15, 2008) What happens when a PBS station targets Italian Americans as donors? A digital message in a bottle. Joey Skee(August 14, 2008) A test of the Internet and i-italy.org's power to connect. Television as an open field for pundits Dom Serafini(March 19, 2008) Italian Professor’s Baseless Theory on TV and Society Can’t Be Challenged What’s Real (and not) in American Politics? Jerry Krase(March 02, 2008) The problem with trying to distinguish fact from fiction and reality from simulation in American politics today is that there is no difference.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line189
__label__wiki	0.757206	0.757206	Board index ‹ Non-Caving Forums ‹ Joke Forum More Groaners... Want to share a good joke? Post it here. No offensive jokes, please. by cob » Sep 18, 2006 2:19 pm Groaners- Apologies in advance 1. Two peanuts walk into a bar. One was assaulted. 2. A jumper cable walks into a bar. The barman says, "I'll serve you, but don't start anything." 3. A sandwich walks into a bar. The barman says, "Sorry we don't serve food in here." 4.Two hydrogen atoms walk into a bar. One says, "I've lost my electron." The other says, "Are you sure?" The first replies, "Yes, I'm positive..." 5. A man walks into a bar with a slab of asphalt under his arm and says, "A beer please, and one for the road." 6. A dyslexic man walks into a bra. 7. Two termites walk into a bar. One asks, "Is the bar tender here?" 8. Two cannibals are eating a clown. One says to the other, "Does this taste funny to you?" 9. A man takes his Rottweiler to the vet and says, "My dog's cross-eyed. Is there anything you can do for him?" "Well," says the vet, "let's have a look at him." So he picks the Dog up and examines his eyes, then checks his teeth. Finally, he says "I'm going to have to put him down." "What? Because he's cross-eyed?" "No, because he's really heavy." 10. I went to buy some camouflage trousers the other day, but I couldn't find any. 11. I went to the butcher's the other day and I bet him $50 that he couldn't reach the meat on the top shelf. He said, "No, the steaks are too high." 12. I went to a seafood disco rave last week and pulled a mussel. 13. What do you call a fish with no eyes? A fsh. 14."Doc, I can't stop singing 'The Green, Green Grass of Home.'" "That sounds like Tom Jones Syndrome." "Is it common?" "It's Not Unusual." 15. Two cows standing next to each other in a field, Daisy says to Dolly, "I was artificially inseminated this morning." "I don't believe you," said Dolly. "It's true, no bull!" exclaimed Daisy 16. An invisible man marries an invisible woman. The kids were nothing to look at either. 17. Two antennas meet on a roof, fall in love and get married. The ceremony wasn't much, but the reception was great. 18. Two Eskimos sitting in a kayak were chilly; but when they lit a fire in the craft, it sank, proving that you can't have your kayak and heat it too. 19. Deja Moo: The feeling that you've heard this bull before. If fate doesn't make you laugh, then you just don't get the joke. Joined: Sep 7, 2005 7:54 pm Location: Ozarkistan by Scott McCrea » Sep 18, 2006 2:33 pm A skeleton walks into a bar and orders a beer and a mop. Scott McCrea SWAYGO Location: Asheville, NC USA NSS #: 40839RL Primary Grotto Affiliation: Flittermouse Grotto by Wayne Harrison » Sep 18, 2006 2:52 pm I really liked my carbide lamp but I like the convenience of a battery-operated headlamp. Too bad they never made an electric carbide. Wayne Harrison Joined: Aug 30, 2005 5:29 pm Location: Pine, Colorado NSS #: 18689 FE Primary Grotto Affiliation: unaffiliated by Phil Winkler » Sep 18, 2006 3:03 pm A priest, a rabbi and a duck walk in to a bar. The bartender looks at them and says "Is this a joke?" Phil Winkler 13627 FE Location: Wilmington, DE and Dewey Beach NSS #: 13627FE by Evan G » Sep 18, 2006 4:53 pm A man walks into a bar and it really hurt A miner walks into a bar, the bartender says â€œwe donâ€™t serve your kind here and turn off your light!â€ Evan G Location: Breckenridge, CO Name: EEG Primary Grotto Affiliation: NRMG Return to Joke Forum	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line191
__label__cc	0.603421	0.396579	Soupspoon You have done something you shouldn't. Or are about to. Location: 53-1 Re: Trump presidency Postby Soupspoon » Wed Feb 21, 2018 3:54 am UTC You would have "Trump" quote things SEEMINGLY AT RANDOM, accepting NO COLLUSION WITH ALLCAPS. Blame the sinking of failing boats (with bad ratings!) upon Democrats, or claim sinkings happen ON MANY TIDES! Postby CorruptUser » Wed Feb 21, 2018 4:29 am UTC When it's low tide, that's the sea level falling. Envirowackos claim sea levels are always rising. Proof they lie. Sad. Now, I like waves, but when the sea sends its tides, it doesn't send its best. It sends its tsunamis, its hurricanes. Why are we taking in the tides from every shithole ocean? We should be taking in more tides from the Baltic seas. Joined: Thu Sep 04, 2008 10:00 am UTC Postby Ginger » Wed Feb 21, 2018 7:52 am UTC cphite wrote: For someone like Trump, you can bet money that a very large part of hooking up with a woman is how hot she's perceived to be, and how wanted she is by other men. Who fits that criteria better than a porn star? LOL you know I actually agree with everything else you wrote. ESPECIALLY, "official documentation 'proving Trump is with hot women' and beauty pageants...." DISAGREE STRONGLY that beauty pageant women are "porn stars." Beauty pageants are not pornography. There's lit. no sex involved. You are gross dude. Amy Lee wrote: Just what we all need... more lies about a world that never was and never will be. Azula to Long Feng wrote: Don't flatter yourself, you were never even a player. Postby CorruptUser » Wed Feb 21, 2018 12:21 pm UTC And strippers ALSO don't have sex with their clients. Usually. But it's still a form of sex work. Postby Ginger » Wed Feb 21, 2018 12:25 pm UTC Strippers and exotic dancers only use their sex appeal and never touch their clients. Ever. And beauty pageants are about classical beauty and ladylike traits NOT sexiness. So honestly whatever people can think and believe whatever they like about lowborn beautiful women or highborn beautiful women. I personally think and believe beauty pageants are affirmations of women's and girls' beauty and not sex work. I'd rather go back to my teen years and do beauty pageants all day, even date a womanizing man like T-Trump... than do REAL sex work. Strippers don't touch their clients? You... sure about that one? And that's before we get into the discussion about beauty/sexuality and the actual ability for women to reclaim theirs from men even in the day and age of 3rd wave feminism. It's a rule at strip clubs. "Don't touch the girls or you get bounced." Unless... you pay me 299 dollars for a lap dance, which I can do with femme style, big boy wink-wink suggestively. Anyways, women and girls already reclaiming their sexuality from dirty men, and men like Trump S-Still ain't stopping them. Feminism helps a lot in such respects. But Trump IS setting men back by quite a lot I agree. natraj Joined: Wed Oct 17, 2007 10:13 pm UTC Location: away from Omelas Postby natraj » Wed Feb 21, 2018 1:07 pm UTC this is all completely beside the point that the woman in question who trump paid to be quiet about having an affair with him was stormy daniels who is a porn star. "trump spends his time around beautiful women at beauty pageants" was a fact relating to trump's history of literally wanting to rank women by their attractiveness (you can have your own opinion on beauty pageants independently of how trump views them but i think it does not take much imagination to guess that trump, himself, hangs around beauty pageants because he objectifies women.) that had nothing to do with calling beauty pageant contestants porn stars. it was related to why cphite imagined trump might have wanted to have sex with stormy daniels, not with cphite calling beauty pageant contestants porn stars. stormy daniels is, actually, a porn star. You want to know the future, love? Then wait: I'll answer your impatient questions. Still -- They'll call it chance, or luck, or call it Fate, The cards and stars that tumble as they will. pronouns: they or he Postby Ginger » Wed Feb 21, 2018 1:35 pm UTC Um sorry, the whole, tangent on beauty pageants threw me off. Why he talk about them and NOT Stormy Daniels? Last edited by Ginger on Thu Feb 22, 2018 11:06 am UTC, edited 1 time in total. cphite Postby cphite » Wed Feb 21, 2018 3:43 pm UTC Thesh wrote: You said that it's not difficult to guess, implying that your assumption is likely to be true. I didn't make a guess; my point is that it is difficult to guess, and that there is no reason to think it happened as you described. So basically your entire point here is that a guess might not reflect what actually happened. Wow, thanks... it's a good thing you were here to clarify that. Postby Thesh » Wed Feb 21, 2018 3:48 pm UTC Yeah, that's exactly what I said. Fucking idiot. Your post consisted of nothing but speculation and gossip, while showing no signs of understanding. It was simply not fit for human consumption. Postby ObsessoMom » Wed Feb 21, 2018 4:23 pm UTC Um...perhaps we should save that level of vitriol and apoplexy for bigger crimes against humanity than this, Thesh? With so many wrongs to battle in the world, it seems a shame to invest so much energy into such a minor skirmish. Postby Sableagle » Wed Feb 21, 2018 5:20 pm UTC Ginger wrote: It's a rule at strip clubs. "Don't touch the girls or you get bounced." Unless... you pay me 299 dollars for a lap dance, which I can do with femme style, big boy wink-wink suggestively. Anyways, women and girls already reclaiming their sexuality from dirty men, and men like Trump S-Still ain't stopping them. Feminism helps a lot in such respects. But Trump IS setting men back by quite a lot I agree. I just realised that I have seen inside views of more furry-world strip clubs than real ones. One furry world, two strip clubs, one NESFW strip behind the spoiler: Actually it's mostly about other things, but some of them do visit two strip clubs ... and some others vist another one. It has to do with the story. Now: $299? Do people give you fifteen $20s and treasure the $1 as a souvenir, or what? Postby Chen » Wed Feb 21, 2018 5:34 pm UTC Ginger wrote: It's a rule at strip clubs. "Don't touch the girls or you get bounced." That's customers touching the girls not vice versa. Also I presume this largely depends on where you're located because that's definitely not a rule up here in Montreal (either way). it is not a universal rule by any stretch, either with regards to policy or actual enforcement (many clubs will absolutely allow contact at the strippers' discretion -- especially if you've paid for a private dance -- and many others are completely terrible about protecting workers who have their boundaries violated, no matter what their policy says.) Yablo Location: Juneau, Alaska Postby Yablo » Wed Feb 21, 2018 8:57 pm UTC And you'll never see Congress pass any legislation prohibiting that sort of thing. If you like Call of Cthulhu and modern government conspiracy, check out my Delta Green thread. Please feel free to ask questions or leave comments. Postby CorruptUser » Wed Feb 21, 2018 9:07 pm UTC Rhode Island once updated the rules on prostitution, only for someone to realize they TEEEECHNICALLY legalized the act itself as long as it wasn't in any way public, which is why strip clubs all were located next door to No-tell Motels that charged by the hour. It lasted for several decades until one garishly pink cube was caught importing 14 year old "strippers" from Boston, then there was a backlash large enough to force a fix. So it IS possible for Congress to get involved to protect strippers. Sort of. Not really. Postby Angua » Wed Feb 21, 2018 11:27 pm UTC Trump endorses guns for teachers. That's going to end well... Postby CorruptUser » Thu Feb 22, 2018 12:03 am UTC Has Trump ever fired a gun in his life before? Using a gun requires training; you don't just pick up a gun one day and suddenly you are Rambo. Someone that knows nothing about a gun is more a risk to themselves and those around them than to any would be mass murderer. This does not get into the obvious issues of actually having guns in school, loaded, in the classrooms, and of the million teachers in the US that absolutely all of them every hour of the day doesn't let the gun out of their sight... Postby HES » Thu Feb 22, 2018 12:08 am UTC Angua wrote: Trump endorses guns for teachers. If enacted, I give it a week before that policy enables a school shooting. On the plus side, the PTA meetings might get a bit more interesting. Postby Yablo » Thu Feb 22, 2018 1:15 am UTC Actually, I think it will end well. Part of the reason shootings happen in gun-free zones is because they are gun-free. That's not to say someone who really wants to shoot up a school won't try to shoot up a school, but knowing teachers may have a weapon will definitely be a deterrent for many. The football coach who died protecting kids might have been able to end it then and there instead. CorruptUser wrote: Has Trump ever fired a gun in his life before? Using a gun requires training; you don't just pick up a gun one day and suddenly you are Rambo. Someone that knows nothing about a gun is more a risk to themselves and those around them than to any would be mass murderer. I completely agree it would be worse than irresponsible to expect proficiency and safety without training and respect for the weapon, but ... Trump wrote: "If you had a teacher who was adept at firearms," he said, "they could very well end the attack very quickly." "Where a teacher would have a concealed gun on them," he said, while acknowledging the plan was controversial, "they would go for special training and they would be there, and you would no longer have a gun-free zone. So he's not suggesting handing out a gun to every teacher and substitute who wants one. Neither would a gun in a classroom have to be loaded or even in an unlocked cabinet. HES wrote: If enacted, I give it a week before that policy enables a school shooting. While I agree it's a possibility if teachers don't give guns the respect they deserve, it's still extremely cynical and almost ridiculous to make that statement if the people involved (legislators, school administration, teachers) take the idea as seriously as it deserves to be taken. He's also endorsed legislation to improve background checks, raise the minimum age for gun purchase, and ban bump stocks. Everyone who attacks Trump for his support of the 2nd Amendment and the NRA should give him credit for at least appearing to consider altering his platform. I don't blame anyone for withholding praise until they see him take the actions he says he will, but once he does, if those people still can't give him credit, they may want to take a hard look at their own beliefs. Postby ucim » Thu Feb 22, 2018 2:05 am UTC There's also the creep issue - and that's the same problem I have with every "security vs freedom" tradeoff. The way ordinary law-abiding students feel about and behave in school is subtly altered if the directives of teachers and staff are backed up by heat. We already have armed police patrolling schools, he's now suggesting that the very people who assign homework carry a gun to enforce behavior? Yes, I know that's not the purpose of the gun. But it's an inescapable undercurrent of authority that will be absorbed by the youngfolk, who in a few short years, will be deciding the next election. This kind of think creeps me out, and dodges (while exacerbating) the underlying problem - that is, people feeling powerless against The Man, leading to repression and anger, which will escape somehow. Armed authoritarianism is not the answer to social ills. EdgarJPublius Official Propagandi.... Nifty Poster Guy Location: where the wind takes me Postby EdgarJPublius » Thu Feb 22, 2018 3:13 am UTC Teachers can already be armed in many U.S. jurisdictions. As far as I know it hasn't caused any of the problems described. Roosevelt wrote: I wrote: Does Space Teddy Roosevelt wrestle Space Bears and fight the Space Spanish-American War with his band of Space-volunteers the Space Rough Riders? -still unaware of the origin and meaning of his own user-title Postby The Great Hippo » Thu Feb 22, 2018 3:54 am UTC Yablo wrote: Actually, I think it will end well. Part of the reason shootings happen in gun-free zones is because they are gun-free. That's not to say someone who really wants to shoot up a school won't try to shoot up a school, but knowing teachers may have a weapon will definitely be a deterrent for many. Really? You think people who shoot up schools are susceptible to typical deterrents? "Well, I was going to kill everybody in Math class, then blow my own brains out. But Mrs. Brown might have a gun under her desk, so I guess I'll just finish my Algebra homework instead." Yablo wrote: So he's not suggesting handing out a gun to every teacher and substitute who wants one. Neither would a gun in a classroom have to be loaded or even in an unlocked cabinet. Every barrier you put between the teachers and their guns makes it less likely that their guns will help. And every barrier you take away makes it more likely that one of their guns will be used inappropriately. And not just by the students -- by the teachers themselves. EdgarJPublius wrote: Teachers can already be armed in many U.S. jurisdictions. As far as I know it hasn't caused any of the problems described. There is a world of difference between "Teachers are permitted to bring concealed firearms into the classroom given they have the approval of the school-board, superintendent, and/or principal" and "We can mitigate school shootings by encouraging our teachers to be armed with guns". This isn't even a gun control issue. This is a 'gun encouragement' issue. We should not be encouraging teachers to be armed and ready to deploy lethal force (particularly not against their own student population). If you really want to go in that direction (and you really, really shouldn't), we ought to be looking into personnel who actually train for this. There are so many things wrong with this line of thinking that it's hard for me to qualify them all. Here's just a few: Every gun you bring into a classroom is a gun someone other than its intended owner could use. Teachers are not trained to apply lethal force against targets in high-stress environments with multiple unintended targets (and this is not a skill-set you can acquire over a 'few weeks of training'; there's a reason "police officer" is a career path and not volunteer work). Teachers are supposed to de-escalate, not escalate -- and anyone with a background in de-escalation will tell you that adding guns to a situation does not help. Teachers often operate in intense situations filled with potentially explosive verbal and physical conflicts -- inserting guns into this equation will almost certainly get students (and teachers) killed. If students know that their teachers might be armed, this fundamentally alters the nature of the student-teacher relationship (and not in a good way). A lot of teachers who would gladly bring a gun to the classroom are going to be the sort of teachers you do not want bringing guns to the classroom. I'm fairly anti-gun, but even I could see the potential merit in having one gun in schools (not in classrooms, and not on teachers) determined to be high-risk -- secured and locked away, with access restricted to a select few personnel (preferably ones with a background in the use of firearms in high-stress situations). No one would even know where it is except for them. I'd argue against this, but I can at least see where someone who argued for it is coming from. But a policy that encourages teachers to be trained and armed with concealed guns? No. That's just dumb. idonno Postby idonno » Thu Feb 22, 2018 7:28 am UTC School shootings are major tragedies where they happen but they cause a trivially low deaths count per year. It would take a negligible rate of accidents from teachers' guns to overcome any possible good this could do. Zamfir I built a novelty castle, the irony was lost on some. Postby Zamfir » Thu Feb 22, 2018 10:11 am UTC idonno wrote: School shootings are major tragedies where they happen but they cause a trivially low deaths count per year. It would take a negligible rate of accidents from teachers' guns to overcome any possible good this could do. That works directions, doesn't it? Gun control advocates want to take away Edgar's hobby just to prevent a trivially low number of deaths every year. Postby Sableagle » Thu Feb 22, 2018 10:50 am UTC Yablo wrote: I completely agree it would be worse than irresponsible to expect proficiency and safety without training and respect for the weapon, but ... So your plan for dealing with a school shooting is to have a teacher armed with this: ... and wearing this: ... shoot back at a psychopath armed with this: ... and you expect the teacher to win? No? You reckon the teacher gets 30 seconds to assemble a rifle, then? Watch how long it takes Pete to put one together. Think opening a gun safe is much faster? Even if this works, even if the teacher isn't the first one hit and does recognise the shooting when it starts and does get his or her gun into action and manages to James Bond it or, more sensibly and also rather luckily, the shooter goes into the classroom opposite and the armed teacher empties a magazine into the shooter's back and the shooter's not armoured there and is alone, or the armed teacher waits until the shooter stops to reload and then moves out and engages the shooter during the reload and wins that way ..... you're still waiting for someone to shoot up a school before you do anything to stop someone shooting up a school. When it comes to shooting, the plan is the first casualty. I think an alternative plan in which people get to go to school without anyone coming into the school and shooting at them at all is likely to be better, on the basis that people get to go to school without anyone coming into the school and shooting at them at all. Yablo wrote: While I agree it's a possibility if teachers don't give guns the respect they deserve, it's still extremely cynical and almost ridiculous to make that statement if the people involved (legislators, school administration, teachers) take the idea as seriously as it deserves to be taken. You think nobody's given it any thought at all between March '96 and this week? You seriously believe that it took Donald Trump to have this idea and propel it into public consciousness and start people thinking about it, and nobody's had more than a few hours to mull it over? Yablo wrote: Everyone ... should give him credit for at least appearing to consider altering his platform. The fuck?!? Should we give a judge credit for "appearing to consider" the case for the defence before he sentences someone to death by hanging? From gunpolicy.org: The estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in the United States is 101.05 The estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in Switzerland is 2016: 24.4 In the United States, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is 2014: 3.43 In Switzerland, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is I'm not the only one who's thought of making the comparison: Like the U.S., Switzerland loves its guns. But mass shootings are rare. The Swiss are heavily armed but mass shootings are rare, unlike in the United States where the country is still reeling from its latest tragedy at a Florida high school that left 17 dead. About 2 million guns are estimated to be in circulation in this Alpine nation of 8.5 million people, according to GunPolicy. org, which publishes international data on firearms. Only the United States and Yemen have more guns per capita. The Swiss Have Liberal Gun Laws, Too But they also have fewer gun-related deaths than the U.S. “It is a question of trust between the state and the citizen. The citizen is not just a citizen, he is also a soldier,” Hermann Suter, who at the time was vice president of the Swiss gun-rights group Pro Tell, told the BBC then. “The gun at home is the best way to avoid dictatorships—only dictators take arms away from the citizens.” Apparently many of his fellow Swiss agreed. The referendum was easily defeated. Gun ownership in the country has deep historic roots and it is tied to mandatory military service for Swiss men between the ages of 18 and 34. Traditionally, soldiers were allowed to keep their weapons at home in order to defend against conquering armies. Children as young as 12 are taught how to shoot as well as the rules of gun safety, and are encouraged to participate in highly popular target-shooting competitions. The country’s cultural attachment to firearms resembles America’s in some ways, though it has no constitutional right to bear arms—it has the third-highest rate of private gun ownership in the world, behind the United States and Yemen. {auto-playing video} Other countries have been hit by school shootings -- and done something The U.S. is not the only country that's been shaken by school shootings. But other countries have responded in ways that seem to be keeping their children safe. The Australian government bought back and destroyed nearly 600,000 banned guns. And while there have still been incidents, Australia has freed itself from fatal mass shootings. Germany, Finland, and Scotland have also responded to attacks on schools with big policy changes. And they've reduced school shootings to zero over the last decade, unlike the United States, where the carnage continues. "The difference here is that Europe actually reacted and implemented changes to stop those shootings," said Rick Noack of the Washington Post via Skype. He points to Switzerland, where gun ownership is high. but school shootings are non-existent. Gun buyers are subjected to a weeks-long background check, and the authorities keep a list of two thousand people they fear may become school shooters. The estimated rate of private gun ownership (both licit and illicit) per 100 people in the United Kingdom is In the United Kingdom, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is In the United Kingdom, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is We're over-crowded, houses cost 20 years' wages, unemployment's a problem, we have poverty traps, we have income inequality, we have racial hatred and you're about a third as likely to be murdered here as in the USA. You know what? I don't think the gun's the problem. I don't think the calibre, magazine size, heat shield, shoulder thing that goes up, pistol grip, ghost sight, folding stock or anything else the NRA let the Democrats ban so they could pretend they were trying to help is the problem either. The problem is the arsehole holding the gun, and it's exacerbated by a culture in which The HeroTM Saves The WorldTM with a handgun. You drill it into every young man's head that he's either a badass or a pussy, that having a pistol in your hand makes you a badass, that defrauding the country of a few billion dollars "makes you smart" and, apparently, that stealing stuff's cool but reporting it is a crime against the guy who took it ... and anyone who wants a gun has one, or two, or maybe three or four or five. This is the coundtrack to the consequences of your position on gun control. You want everyone to have guns? You get to hear this on TV every couple of months. What's really important, though? What's REALLY important is to find a way to use this incident to justify telling the FBI to drop their investigation into Russian collusion with the Trump campaign. That's what REALLY matters here. Not one of those kids was ever going to be a billionaire, after all, so it's not like their lives matter. OF COURSE THAT WAS FUCKING SARCASM! Zamfir: In the United States, annual unintentional shooting deaths total 2014: 586 In the United States, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is Trivial? If those are trivial, why did anyone even notice 9/11? Even if this works, even if the teacher isn't the first one hit and does recognise the shooting when it starts and does get his or her gun into action and manages to James Bond it Yeah, James-Bonding all the way is not a good approach for ordinary people. In the last installments, even Bond himself is portrayed with more than a pistol. Based on some documentaries that I have seen, the best approach is to start with taking the gun from one of the less attentive henchman, then you work your way up the chain collecting heavier equipment along the way. By the time you reach the boss guy, you probably have one or more of those big guns yourself. The documentaries also suggest that dying is much harder then is commonly assumed, at least for pro-active, go-get-them people. I assume that Trump has seen the same documentaries. That's all numbers below 1 jewish_scientist Postby jewish_scientist » Thu Feb 22, 2018 2:35 pm UTC Yablo wrote: Part of the reason shootings happen in gun-free zones is because they are gun-free. I would like you to produce a study showing that shooting in areas where guns are not prohibited result in less injuries compared to shooting in areas where guns are prohibited. A proposal to increase the number of guns staff have and a proposal to limit the number of guns staff are inherently not compatible. Consider these hypotheticals: 1) A student to enters a school with a crowbar. 2) Student sneak attacks the teacher most likely to carry a gun and incompatibles them. 3a) The teacher had gun. 4a) The student now has a gun. 5a) The student goes on a shooting spree. 3b) The teacher did not have a gun. 4b) The student takes actions to conceal that they where the ones to attack the teacher. 5b) The following investigation determines that the student was the one to attack the teacher. 6b) The student claims they did so do to a personal vendetta. 7b) The student is punished for assaulting a person with a deadly weapon and not for attempting to go on a shooting spree. 8b) The student does not go to juvenile hall. 9b) The student can attempt this procedure again. 3c) The teacher did not have a gun. 4c) The student takes actions to conceal that they where the ones to attack the teacher. 5c) The following investigation does not determines that the student was the one to attack the teacher. 6c) The student is not punished. 7c) The student can attempt this procedure again. 1) Teacher leaves the classroom. 2) Student goes to their desk and searches for a gun. 3a) The student does not find a gun. 4a) The teacher never learns that the student went through their desk. 5a) The student is not punished for attempting to go on a shooting spree 6a) The student can attempt this procedure 6-7 more times 3b) The student does not find a gun. 4b) The teacher learns that the student went through their desk. 5b) The student claims they were looking for a future test in order to cheat. 6b) The student is in punished for attempting to cheat. 7b) The student can attempt this procedure 6-7 more times 3c) The student does find a gun. 4c) The student goes on a shooting spree. I don't blame anyone for withholding praise until they see him take the actions he says he will... Criticism and support of plans is just as valid as criticism and support of actions. "You are not running off with Cow-Skull Man Dracula Skeletor!" -Socrates Dark567 First one to notify the boards of Rick and Morty Season 3 Location: Everywhere(in the US, I don't venture outside it too often, unfortunately) Postby Dark567 » Thu Feb 22, 2018 4:50 pm UTC The Great Hippo wrote: Quite frankly this is an example what school liaison police officers are for. There is one person, a police officer, who has a gun and trained in using it for this purpose, and generally(although not always) society has determined has the authority to use a gun. 64% of US High Schools already have these. Zamfir wrote: No, but it does suggest we probably actually look at effective solutions for the larger problem. Shootings like this are less <1% a year of gun deaths in the US. The vast majority of US gun death would much better be dealt with handgun ban than an assault weapons ban. I apologize, 90% of the time I write on the Fora I am intoxicated. Yakk wrote: The question the thought experiment I posted is aimed at answering: When falling in a black hole, do you see the entire universe's future history train-car into your ass, or not? The problem with the 'Police Officer in Every School Plan' is that schools are big. As that article on Trump's gun policy points out, Stoneman Douglas High School had an armed guard on duty during last week's attack - but he never discharged his gun. The local sheriff told reporters the deputy never encountered the shooter. That said, it would not take much to convince me that there should be a police officer in all schools, but for a totally different reason. If a fight between two students broke out or someone was caught with drugs, it would be more appropriate for a police officer to handle the situation than a teacher. jewish_scientist wrote: The problem with the 'Police Officer in Every School Plan' is that schools are big. As that article on Trump's gun policy points out, Well, I think the first shows the limits of really stopping anyone who is armed from doing major damage/death. And the reason most schools have police officers is for other criminal activity like assault and selling drugs, the stopping a shooter thing is secondary(given how rare this is). Postby Zohar » Thu Feb 22, 2018 6:08 pm UTC jewish_scientist wrote: That said, it would not take much to convince me that there should be a police officer in all schools, but for a totally different reason. If a fight between two students broke out or someone was caught with drugs, it would be more appropriate for a police officer to handle the situation than a teacher. Ah yes, surely the thing to help a kid who got in a fight is to get them involved with the fucking police. Postby CorruptUser » Thu Feb 22, 2018 6:41 pm UTC But with crime rates (aside from gun murders) plummeting and marijuana legal, how else are we going to fill our prisons? Think of the private prison owners kids; do you really have the heart to tell them that if they want a yacht that has deck space for their Ferrari for Christmas, they are going to have to work for it, like, like a poor person?! They will be the laughing stock of their prep schools! Postby EdgarJPublius » Thu Feb 22, 2018 6:50 pm UTC EdgarJPublius wrote: edit: it'd probably also be good if more people were able to recognize other human beings as people and not fantasy caricatures... Well, that actually took longer than i thought it would... Honestly, I don't really give two shits about arming teachers. I don't buy into the FUD, but neither do I think allowing teachers to be armed would be anything more than mitigation. The problem is this right here: The Great Hippo wrote: "Well, I was going to kill everybody in Math class, then blow my own brains out. But Mrs. Brown might have a gun under her desk, so I guess I'll just finish my Algebra homework instead." while we’re all fighting over whose pet cause is more right and more true and more noble, there’s likely another young man out there, maybe suicidally depressed, maybe paranoid and delusional, maybe a psychopath, and he’s researching guns and bombs and mapping out schools and recording videos and thinking every day about the anger and hate he feels for this world. The problem is schools being underfunded to the point teachers have to pay for supplies out of their own pockets and Administrators have to decide between hiring a nurse or hiring a counselor, and realizing they don't have the budget to hire enough of either to serve their student population. Thinking that giving teachers guns would solve the problem is just as ignorant as thinking that taking all the guns away would solve the problem. For every kid who decides to end their life by shooting up their school, there are hundreds who commit suicide privately, and even more who just go from being troubled teens to troubled adults. And we are failing all of them. The majority of suicides occur while under the influence of alcohol and/or benzo...thing. Suicides themselves are more of a spur of the moment thing rather than planned, though planned ones do happen. So, do you plan to restrict alcohol and benzothingies more than they already are? CorruptUser wrote: The majority of suicides occur while under the influence of alcohol and/or benzo...thing. Suicides themselves are more of a spur of the moment thing rather than planned, though planned ones do happen. So, do you plan to restrict alcohol and benzothingies more than they already are? No more than I plan to restrict guns or anything else. Substance abuse is just another symptom generally. Postby ucim » Thu Feb 22, 2018 8:04 pm UTC Zamfir wrote: ...Gun control advocates want to take away Edgar's hobby just to prevent... Not just "Edgar"'s hobby, but lots of people's hobbies, and also the very idea that people can have dangerous tools as part of their hobbies. Sableagle wrote: ...people get to go to school without anyone coming into the school and shooting at them... ...people get to go to school without anyone coming into the school wanting to shoot at them... The problem is the psycopaths. Why do we have so many psychopaths? Sableagle wrote: and it's exacerbated by a culture in which The HeroTM Saves The WorldTM with a handgun. Yes, but even this doesn't go back far enough. Why is this a trope? jewish_scientist wrote: If a fight between two students broke out or someone was caught with drugs, it would be more appropriate for a police officer to handle the situation than a teacher. That is exactly why police in the schools are a bad idea. A fight between twelve year olds should not become a police matter. I'm not even sure a student who has some weed should become a police matter. The damage done by making it (and pretty much anything else the school wants) a police matter is that children absorb the idea that, by default, they are not to be trusted, and must be monitored under arms. That continues into adulthood, where facebook gleefully provides the monitoring. This is a Very Bad ThingTM, but it's also an externality that won't be seen for ten or twenty years, so is politically safe to ignore. Postby Quercus » Thu Feb 22, 2018 8:45 pm UTC EdgarJPublius wrote: Completely agree. Approximately nobody is just randomly deciding to kill themselves because they're drunk or otherwise under the influence. These people have mental health conditions and are self medicating (badly). Healthcare for mental illness is broken in the US, even more than healthcare for other things. There's your low hanging fruit for if you want to throw money somewhere that would make a real difference.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line197
__label__wiki	0.607462	0.607462	Social/Society News By Date 01.04.2016 30.03.2016 29.02.2016 11.01.2016 19.12.2015 16.11.2015 01.10.2015 25.09.2015 01.08.2015 01.07.2015 10.06.2015 23.05.2015 30.11.-0001 Azerbaijani State Border Service on Incident Between Georgians and Azeri Guards Armenian Citizen Detained for Illegal Handling of Radioactive Substances Georgian Ambassador Summoned to Azerbaijani Foreign Ministry Parliament Chairman to Visit US MIA: Situation is Calm at Davit Gareji Monastery Complex Dep. Interior Minister on Communication between Diplomats and MIA on June 20 US Department of State Calls on Russia to Resume Flights to Georgia Giorgi Gakharia: May 26 was Punitive Act, June 20 - Self-defense Tomos Wars: Rogue One – Interview with Honorary Patriarch Filaret 100th Anniversary of Georgia’s Parliamentary System in the UK The Burden of the Georgian Crown Soon, a collegium of three judges at the Tbilisi City Hall will have to rule on a bizarre decision. Who does the Royal Crown belong to: Princess Ana Bagration-Gruzinsky or Prince David Bagrationi-Mukhrani? The fact that recently the opposing parties were husband and wife makes the responsibility and burden of the judges all the heavier. Years ago, their marriage was celebrated publicly. Today, the former royal couple are accusing each other of conmanship and illicit use of the royal title. Ana Bagration-Gruzinsky is the claimant who also accused her former husband of issuing Royal Orders in exchange for money. However, David Bagrationi-Mukhrani is claiming the Gruzinskys are not real Bagrationis and accuses them of illegally misappropriating the royal title. The dynasty of the Bagrationi family as the kings of united Georgia began in 978 and ended in 1810, which is when Russia’s Emperor Alexandre 1st ruled a manifesto on adopting Georgia’s dismantled regions into Russia. This was how the Bagrationis ruling Kakheti, Kartli and Imereti became deprived of their royal titles. Ever since, the Russian Emperors referred to the the former kings of Kartli as “Mukhranskis,” while those of Kakheti “Gruzinskys,” and those from Imereti as “Imeretinskis.” After the Bolsheviks took over the Russian Empire, most of the Georgian royal family fled and ended up in Spain and Italy. However, some members of the family remained in the homeland. Today, there are three different lines of Bagrationis: Gruzinskys, Mukhranskis and Imeretinskis. The Gruzinskys and Mukhranskis view themselves as predominant and compete with each other for the lead. Exactly because of this historic controversy, the decision to marry Ana Bagration-Gruzinsky to Davit Bagrationi-Mukhraneli was made with the aim of uniting the two royal branches for all eternity. Although the idea of this “contract” belonged to the Patriarch of All Georgia Ilia II, the government in 2009 argued that in reality the initiative belonged to the former chief of Intelligence of Russia, Yevgeny Primakov. Then Minister of Interior Affairs Vano Merabishvili believed that the Kremlin supported the restoration of monarchy and viewed it as a favorable alternative to the government of Saakashvili. In 2009, the royal project failed, with rumors suggesting that the marriage had been dissolved with the efforts of the government, who “forced” a local TV celebrity Shorena Begashvili into the life of Davit Bagrationi-Mukhraneli, deteriorating the marriage. The forgotten project was reinstated only after Georgian Dream came to power. At one of his Sunday masses, Patriarch Ilia II preached about the benefits of the Constitutional Monarchy for Georgia and the perspectives of raising up the future monarch within a Church environment. Soon afterwards, the couple were back together and the Prince was born. While the Church did not really participate in raising the child, who is being raised in Vake, where his mother currently lives, the fact that our country has a prince is already a political intrigue in itself. Especially for the godfather, Knight Levan Vasadze, who, after the famous mass mentioned above, decided to hold the responsibility of being the main propagandist of the monarchy. However, the Georgian Dream isn’t completely indifferent to the idea, as some have stated that the Patriarch’s idea is quite interesting. Why the Royal project is collapsing again and what the real reason is behind the new court case initiated in the Tbilisi City Court is unknown. Especially considering that neither is Saakashvili in government, nor David Bagrationi-Mukhraneli fancing celebrities anymore. One clue to the scandal could be that where once the Patriarch checked Ivanishvili, perhaps now Ivanishvili has decided to check him back with the King. ByZaza Jgarkava Electronic Version Copyright © 2006-2019, "Georgia Today". Using materials of the site the reference on "Georgia Today" with the indication of the author is obligatory	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line199
__label__cc	0.641623	0.358377	Destinations Travel Guide Syros Island is a Cycladic island and its wonderful capital, Ermoupolis, is the capital of all the Cyclades and one of the most beautiful towns in Greece. Syros is full of beauties and charms created by its unspoiled landscape, its authenticity and its traditional villages. Its capital is a bustling, elegant Venetian harbour with Neoclassical civic buildings, stylish eateries and a labyrinthine hilltown of Catholic churches and colourful houses. Beautiful beaches with crystalline waters surround the island and for the adventurous, the is also a medieval village to be explored. And for those feeling lucky, Ermoupolis has a big casino. WHERE TO DINE: Oneiro Restaurant The Scene: The team behind this gourmet restaurant ran some of the best places to eat in Santorini before moving here. Situated in Vaporia neighborhood of Ermoupolis, this restaurant is famous for its ingenious dishes, immaculate service and captivating and elegant courtyard. The Food: All dishes of "Oneiro" are well prepared with fresh organic seasonal products by local farms, using herbs from the owner's garden. Definitely try the octopus carpaccio and modern Greek salad with shaved fennel and marinated feta, followed by Turkish-delight ice cream in filo. Allou-Yialou Restaurant Once upon a time... there was a fish different from others. He spoke 4 languages and in the evenings he liked to sit on his favorite reef reading poetry. "There is life beyond the seabed" he used to say. But no one could understand him. One summer afternoon back in 2005 he left and since then nobody has seen him again. Others say that a shark ate him, others say that he opened a bar in Bermuda Triangle, others say that he married a bream in Hawaii and others say that he eventually discovered life after the seabed and there he opened his tavern... in Kini. Situated at Kini beach, this restaurant offers, together with the extraordinarily good food, a magical seaside setting. Owners Yiannis and Lina love what they do, and it shows in every dish on the menu. Don't miss the chance to try the battered cod with beetroot puree, the sea-urchin spaghetti with ouzo, garlic and ginger, and a trio of complimentary desserts. Plakostroto Taverna Magically situated at the top of the hill overlooking the town of Ermoupolis and the Aegean sea, Plakostroto is the perfect example of a traditional taverna. There's live Greek music on Saturday afternoons, and sweeping views of the sea and the sunset. Everything at this rustic, hilltop taverna is local, from the home-grown vegetables to the hand-picked herbs. Try the goat en papillote or rabbit with rosemary.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line201
__label__cc	0.725598	0.274402	Prizes and Occu'thar The Occu'thar monopoly plan is canceled, because of another game-breaking bug: an offline player stays in the raid, cannot even be reported AFK (can be but no effect) and takes a spot. So hordies can just queue up, log out inside and win. On PvE front: activity decreased, but it doesn't stop us to raid with the new people who haven't seen BoT/BWD yet. On PvP front: we ran about 20 matches last week. Still we are hindered by the fact that on every win 1-3 people get the "win your first rated BG" achievement, showing that we have pretty high turnover (also pretty high pool). We are still on the guildox.com's EU guild achievement list. We are currently #90 with 1710 points. The new gains were Dinner Party and Dungeon challanges Let's see what more we could get: "do X challenges" achievements: can't be hurried as the challenges are weekly capped. The Daily Grind: 56% and it would be insane to pay for them. People will do TB dailies anyway for the resistance trinket. Soon 4.2 will bring brand new dailies. Rating-related PvP achievements currently out of reach, Are you not entertained? prize is still 5000/G person. I looked around and the server is a PvP backwater. There are barely any such teams here. So here a PvP title is very unique, if you want to be the "best PvP-er of the server", it's a transfer away. Now that's a Teamwork: 42%, now that we play rateds a lot, it will be done soon. 5-cap crew: 38%, working on it Creepjackers: 59%, will be completed on its own, the new TB strategy increases it pretty fast. Glaives: 30000G offered for anyone who gets them on his own. If you have Glaives and want the gold, join us (assuming you are on our server or ready to transfer) We are legendary: meta for the above ones for 25 points. Heroic raid achievements: Since they will keep giving valor points (like normals in Firelands, I guess they will be done soon). Master Crafter: 84% but crafting epics just to DE would be simply insane. We're Gonna Need A Bigger Boat: 88%, since I figured out that fishing is actually profitable, people are doing it. We are looking for both raiders and PvP-ers, to increase these activities. Currently we can do either but not both as we don't have enough people to have 10 on a hard mode, 10 on farm, other 10 in RBG. So if you got enough of "we'll start raiding/rBG soon" guilds, join us, as we are already doing them, just with not enough intensity. Of course keeping the rules is a must. Squishalot said... How is that a game breaking bug when the option is open to both sides? If you want to sabotage the horde, you can do that too! Because the outcome is totally uncorrelated to strategy, skill or even gear. It simply comes down to "who have more lvl 85 opposing side alt". While you are right that this is still an even game, it's not something that anyone would play seriously. And how is that different to your 'strategy' of recruiting lolkids from the Horde side? It is a game breaking bug because the exploit allows one to actively hinder the opposing team via gameplay. This is different from recruiting on opponents trade because then the recruiter does not participate in the as saboteur. It is more similar to joining the opposing team, and sabotaging e.g. by moving the siege engine into a remote area. This exploit is arguably worse: the player can log to their faction character (or yet another alt) and exploit even further. Grim said... And the Horde have enough organisation to pull off a victory like that? A couple of offline players won't lose the battle if its not close already. We're Gonna Need A Bigger Boat - you actually have to fish in pools that are marked on the map if you track fish, normal fishes are not counted :D (explains the lack of progress here ) chewy said... Squish, it's not really different but it's different to Gevlon because he didn't come up with the idea it's just part of the game. I can appreciate where he's coming from because he seems to enjoy beating the game in original and unique ways, that's where he gets his fun. We all pay our subscriptions and enjoy whatever we enjoy from the game. You can't hold that against him even if he holds it against others. Alrenous said... Squishalot, are you claiming that the fact that lolkids can join the opposing team is a game-breaking bug? I don't pvp and I don't get the bug, can anyone please explain it to me? At the start of the battle even numbers of players join it, then half of one team logs out and then what? Join with their mains so the number is even again? I don't get it. @ Alrenous: No, I'm claiming that it's even on both sides. It's not 'game breaking' when the option to abuse it is available to both parties. It's a bug, certainly, but it's not 'game breaking' as a result. That is why I can say it's exactly the same as recruiting lolkids - as far as 'game breaking' is concerned, they're both equally effective, and so, it's not a sufficiently good reason for Gevlon to call things off. @ chewy: That's not going to stop us from pointing it out, of course. "you actually have to fish in pools that are marked on the map if you track fish, normal fishes are not counted :D (explains the lack of progress here )" True, but the statement is correct: fishing, in general, is profitable. It was in WotLK, and it still is in Cata. The highest profitable fish are not always fished from pools. If you are leveling fishing, fish from pool you will get a guaranteed hit whereas if you fish outside of pool, your fishing skill is taken into account. @ chewy, participating in the fight (then DC or playing bad with sieges) is actively working against the opposing team via gameplay, while letting friends or an other character reap the benefits. This is in stark contrast with the social engineering macro which actually only motivates people to... play the game. The guild also did not have enough players who wanted to actively participate. @ Anonymous: Person X logs on their horde character, joins TB queue. Person X's horde character is called for battle. Person X logs out the horde char in TB in the raid group, logs in to their alliance character, again joining TB queue. Person X's alliance character is called for battle. The horde now have e.g. 9 players with 1 offline. The alliance have 10 players with 0 online. The less people are queuing, the more effective this is. Also, if it is deliberate, then person X has more horde characters to log, or peers who'd like to participate in this exploitation. Game breaking bugs which involve game-play can and should be fixed. Game breaking bugs involving social engineering are not Blizzard's responsibility, and are much harder to fix. E.g. all the people who get hacked every day because they are stupid. Example of a mechanism which works against people from queuing unevenly is that one could queue and then not accept the queue. This means another person cannot join in that time span. This trick does not work for 2 reasons: there are only 20 seconds one can accept the queue so it'd be only effective for a short while. The other reason is that the selection process is random. Example of a mechanism which is still broken: this one, and MMR.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line206
__label__wiki	0.72639	0.72639	Ernie Ramos, Lucky Lee, Nydia Velazquez, Carlos Menchaca, Rick Martinez, Taikisha Baker, Diana Reyna, Antonio Reynoso, Nancy Zapata, and Manuel Acosta North Brooklyn Politicians Dance Off for a Good Cause February 11, 2014 BY Tanay Warerkar The political stars of North Brooklyn descended on the dance floor Saturday night at Giando on the Water in Williamsburg. With spectacular views of the East River in the backdrop, elected officials, including Congresswoman Nydia Velazquez, Deputy Borough President Diana Reyna, and City Councilmembers Carlos Menchaca and Antonio Reynoso competed in a Dancing with the Stars-style competition to raise funds for a new community center with after-school programs for children in North Brooklyn. Organized by the School Settlement Association in conjunction with the St. Nick’s Alliance, both of which provide after-school programs for the community, the competition kicked off with three pairs of students from ballroom dance champs Middle School 577, entertaining guests with a series of numbers. Over a hundred people turned up for the festivities that were hosted by Joseph Franquinha and Doreen Godfrey, both from the family that runs the Crest Hardware store on Metropolitan Avenue. Judges included M.S. 577 Principal Marie Masullo, Desiree Decupe who runs a Zumba center in the neighborhood, Alicia Pieracini, a fitness instructor from Hoboken in New Jersey, and David Ganci, a teacher at St. Francis Preparatory School in Queens. Dressed to the nines, the contestants were divided into five pairs. Rick Martinez and Taikisha Baker, representing the School Settlement and St. Nick’s Alliance, respectively, swayed with a Swing performance. Nancy Zapata and Manuel Acosta, who run Control Electropolishing, boogied to the Bachata. Lucky Lee and Ernie Ramos from Lucky’s Real Tomatoes shook a leg to Salsa. Reynoso and Reyna performed Merengue Tipico, a form of dance and music from the Dominican Republic. And Velazquez and Menchaca did the Tango. Unfortunately just one team could walk away the winner, and it was the scintillating, salsa-performing pair of Lucky Lee and Ernie Ramos, who earned a perfect score from the judges and numerous praises for their chemistry. “I’m a French-Italian woman, and just the chance to dance with these strong, sweet Latina women was amazing,” said Lee, one half of the winning pair. “I was so honored to be a part of that. It is really important that the school settlement, which has been here for 105 years keep going strong. This was a glorious night, and even though it was a competition it was all for fun.” Even the losers walked away content regaling themselves with the memories of the dance-filled evening. “I’m still out of the breath,” said Reyna, who along with Reynoso placed first runners up. “It was an exhilarating event and we had a full house but most importantly it had a purpose. Lucky Lee should really be on Dancing with the Stars.” The event helped School Settlement raise $35,000 for the new community center, which will include a gym, classrooms, and a theater among other facilities. The organization is now just about half way through its goal of reaching $6.23 million for the community center. Previous post Education, Affordable Housing and Economic Development Top the Agenda at Davila Inauguration Next article Singing the Praises of Amber Health Jeff Mann	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line208
__label__cc	0.556011	0.443989	이재삼 Lee J.S 1 페이지 Lee JaeSam I paint scenes of reflections of the moonlight on the trees, forest, and waterfall. The forest encompasses the microscopic world seen through the microscope and the macroscopic world seen through the telescope. It also holds the order of the great universe where plant life and animal life coexist. It is a cyclic space, where organisms die and come to life, as it embraces the sky and the earth with water, air and sunlight Charcoal is coal made by burning wood but it's a material that feels very new to me. After the wood burns all day in an enclosed charcoal kiln in the absence of air, it transforms into a blackened figure before it turns into ashes, the ‘sarira’ of the soul, the last remnant left behind by the forest. While the candlelight ignites itself to emit light, the wood burns into charcoal, a representation of its soul reincarnated throughtheimagesofthewoods. The black color of the charcoal is not a color but exists as a black space. What I observe is not the object itself but the inner image in between the objects which give formation to silence, and the eroded landscape in the 'unexplored' present in the midst of the dark spaces within the depth of the forest. The woods and trees stretch out in the deep black spaces but the moonlight is revealed as a mystical ‘being’, wanting the sound of its moonlight, its energy and scent to be painted with charcoal. And I hope that my mind and soul are reflected off the dust of the charcoal piece rubbing off the surface of the drawing. - Lee Jaesam on Charcoal.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line209
__label__cc	0.633623	0.366377	Bill to ban probation for illegal immigrants likely DOA after devastating critique of (un)constitutionality When state Sen. Joan Huffman, a former district judge, filed her SB 174 forbidding sentences of probation for "illegal aliens," Grits was dismissive, declaring the bill should be dead as soon as its Fiscal Note was calculated and the costs were determined. It didn't take that long. The bill likely, effectively died night before last when the Houston Chronicle published an item on its website by Prof. Geoffrey Hoffman of the University of Houston Immigration Clinic titled "Houston senator's 'illegal aliens' bill is itself illegal." Hoffman offered up a devastating and IMO irreparable constitutional critique that Sen. Huffman seems unlikely to overcome. While his discussion of federal case law was compelling, according to Hoffman, the Texas Constitution includes "arguably more expansive equal protection provisions," even, than the 14th Amendment to the US Constitution. The article concluded: In section 3a, [the Texas Constitution] provides that "Equality under the law shall not be denied or abridged because of sex, race, color, creed" or - importantly - because of "national origin." Furthermore, section 3 of the state's constitution provides for equal treatment under the law, considering that "All free men, when they form a social compact, have equal rights, and no man, or set of men, is entitled to exclusive separate public emoluments. …" The Texas Legislature should carefully consider what a misguided rule like the one proposed in SB 174 would mean. Texas judges are not immigration judges. But even if they were, the determination whether or not someone should be branded an "illegal alien" is determined after a lengthy process by the Executive Office for Immigration Review, a branch of the U.S. Department of Justice. The decision is made considering the availability of relief, after a full review of a person's personal and immigration history, among many other factors. A rule which brands people without due process, and in violation of equal protection, cannot stand. That's a strong argument. The inclusion of "national origin" in Texas' equal protection guarantee seems to this non-attorney pretty much decisive. It's hard to see the Legislature seriously considering this bill now that these grave constitutional flaws have been exposed, especially given the sky-high fiscal note the idea would surely receive if the proposal ever got far enough along in the process for the LBB to determine its cost. Don't get me wrong, The Texas Legislature passes unconstitutional stuff all the time. But usually they maintain plausible deniability about a bill's defects at least until after its effective date. In this case, SB 174's flaws have been exposed before its first hearing and the bill would have to be altered beyond recognition to avoid running afoul of the constitutional problems Mr. Hoffman identified. Well done, sir. Labels: County jails, Immigration, Probation, TDCJ Easy solution... Deport them!!!! No need to undergo the cost of hiring a probation officer or costly incarceration... DEPORT them!!! Stick them on a bus and send them back to their home country. BUSES are the best tools to handle people who are immigration violators. Forget prisons, jails, parole, probation, or private prisons that get burned down anyway... BUSES are the answer!!!!! Lots of buses operating 24/7. Deport them all and use the prison space for private prison executives who bride public officials. Use the prison space for labor violators who illegally hire undocumented workers. Use buses and lots of them. No need to punish the poor. Use the prison space for the rich who are profiting off this immigration scam. This country is stupid for enforcing immigration at the border. There is an easy and cheap solution, enforce violations at the work place and totally shut down any violator by giving executives serious prison time and fines to companies that hire subcontractor labor who use undocumented labor. yeah, why bother with due process? And forget that 85 percent of Ag labor and half of construction workers are illegal immigrants, who needs cropped picked or houses built? Now try to propose a solution that's viable in the real world. You a spokesman for the Cheap Labor Lobby now? No, just an advocate for reality over fantasy, living within budgets, and avoiding unnecessary prison building. No Grits this is not fantasy. This is reality. Ex-convicts need jobs rights??? Increase the number of legal visaed workers and hire more ex-convicts to fill the gap. Those old immigration private prisons can be filled with the rich labor violators who exploited this country with cheap labor. Handle the poor immigration violators by placing them on a bus. Don't flag them, once they can get a proper work visa, invite them back so they can pay taxes and enter this country the right way. The war on immigrants is a waste of taxpayers dollars and too many ex-government officials are now in private prison payrolls. It must be difficult for Huffman to be around people who occasionally follow the Constitution. Lord knows she never developed any familiarity with it in Harris County. rodsmith said... you would under if the pols keep any lawyers around for stuff like that. never realizing that most pol's start out as lawyers. This one is even more useless and retarded than most. Dumb fuck was a grown up lawyer. IE a friggin judge.\ makes you want to recheck each and every friggin decision the total fuckup ever issued on the bench. immediately followed by a bullet to the brain if said files find the mess I expect. @9:22, it's not reality because a) the legal system exists, whether or not you acknowledge it, b) vegetables need to be picked and construction sites need more skilled workers than ex-cons can provide, and c) what you describe would be the biggest forced exodus since Stalinist transmigration and cannot be enforced without totalitarian means. Nobody but nutjobs believe that it's realistic to deport 12 million people without destroying the economy and the Constitution. You're even nuttier if you think that's an "easy solution." Anyone know if Sen. Huffman's bill is referring to all humans in the country or just the ones from south of the Rio Grande? If it's aimed at any & all trespassers, it seems like it would benefit and protect the country as a whole. But if anyone attempts to defend a certain class of them based on the financial benefits it affords a certain class of businessmen, GFB will invite negative comments that deter from the topic at hand. We can't allow ourselves to cherry pick as to who is cool and who isn't and neither can Huffman. To avoid word games, she should have considered substituting Illegal Aliens (aka: what most assume to be Mexicans, even the Mexicans) with - any & all peoples that have either: trespassed, forged / bought fake documents and or were brought here by others and went on to commit other crimes that are punishable by: fines, jail and or probation / prison. Deportation is the only remedy (despite the location in which caught - the border, Walmart, etc...),(despite if it's one or one hundred at a time). When you allow them to pay to stay (probation fees and fines) that equates to condoning illegal activity via: judicial bribery. Bribery in any form is wrong, just like compensating certain classes of Americans wronged by the criminal justice system is wrong. Anyone defending illegal actions based on the cost of doing business risk being fucked with by the regular that has already made it his job to tag Grits and readers alike as criminal lovers in damn near every posting. Legal immigrants that went through the process of becoming Americans won't stand for line jumpers, cheaters & those that advocate on their behalf to be excussed due to the type of job they took for very long. If an American was caught anywhere south of the border, China, India, etc..., he'd be rightfully deported, that's if he survived the ride. Having seen Ms. Hoffman on the bench in Harris Co. her recent gaffes, (plural) are merely confirmation of what those who were watching already knew, she is in way over her head and yet will likely continue to be returned to the Leg by the straight ticket votes in Harris Co. Sec. 11. BASIC CONDITIONS OF COMMUNITY SUPERVISION. (a) The judge of the court having jurisdiction of the case shall determine the conditions of community supervision and may, at any time during the period of community supervision, alter or modify the conditions. The judge may impose any reasonable condition that is designed to protect or restore the community, protect or restore the victim, or punish, rehabilitate, or reform the defendant. Conditions of community supervision may include, but shall not be limited to, the conditions that the defendant shall: (1) COMMIT NO OFFENSE AGAINST THE LAWS OF this State or of any other State OR OF THE UNITED STATES; Give her a break. She has a handicap and knows not what she does. Huffman is on the right track, maybe its time to amend the constitution of Texas, again. This should be applied to all nationalities, not just the southern border. It would be a much better policy approach to spread the success of America by incentivizing people to go back to their country of origin and CHANGE their country. America can't support the world much longer. Hell America is having a hard time wiping its own ass right now. Good luck getting 2/3 in both chambers to amend the constitution on this, 9:40. You go ahead and do that, I'll watch. And don't be so down on America. The economy is fine, our enemies pose no significant threat, gas prices are down ... America's doing fine. Finally, other than the periodic invasion here or there (not really "support" in the traditional sense), I don't understand how you think America is supporting "the world." What on earth are you talking about? I don't understand the reference. "Now try to propose a solution that's viable in the real world." Those in power don't want a solution, so you can propose all you want-waste of time. "The economy is fine, our enemies pose no significant threat, gas prices are down ... America's doing fine." What fantasy world are you living in. The economy is still abysmal in most places. If you don't see threats from radical forces around the world.... Gas prices are down, for now.... I've never been quick to criticize Obama but lately it has become apparent that he is hell-bent on destroying this country. "Nobody but nutjobs believe that it's realistic to deport 12 million people without destroying the economy and the Constitution. You're even nuttier if you think that's an "easy solution."" 1. Eliminate the ability to get a job and make money and most will leave on their own. 2. Some foreign workers are needed that government has very smart people who can figure out a number and they could set up a visa program. 3. These two solutions would narrow the number down to where the remainder could be deported. Anyone who believes those in power want a real solution to this problem is "nutty," to use Grits' terminology. "Finally, other than the periodic invasion here or there (not really "support" in the traditional sense), I don't understand how you think America is supporting "the world." What on earth are you talking about? I don't understand the reference." Grits, I suspect the commenter was talking about all the foreign aid we give to the world. If we suddenly stopped all of it, there would be people starving in multiple parts of the world and many would die from the lack of basic medical care, clean water, etc. So, yes, we do support large part of the world. I think that is an undeniable fact. This is simple--illegal aliens/folks who are not legal residents who commit felonies should be deported plain & simple. @10:32/34/37, America Hate all you want. For some people that seems to satisfy some need and I won't deny you the pleasure. You are one person: Not everyone shares your beliefs or interests. For example, many of us want our vegetables picked and buildings constructed and you think those things can be abandoned without consequence. You're wrong and as a practical matter it's a silly (if common) position to take. RE: 10:39, foreign aid is a trivial amount of government spending. They could end it tomorrow and it would barely amount a rounding error in the budget. And yes, your simplistic formula at 10:37 ignores reality and is frankly tiresome because as soon as you fill in the detail, your plan creates more problems than it solves. Some of us live in the real world. You're an anonymous nutter who doesn't attach his name to his opinions, probably because you know they're non-credible. Nothing you're written here changes that. Lets imagine that 12 million undocumented workers were all magically deported tomorrow. Who would work the orchards and fields? This is much more difficult work than is required of employees at WalMart, Home Depot, or Starbucks. It is reasonable to assume that starting pay for agricultural jobs would jump to at least $20 per hour. Food prices would spike. When grocery bills triple it becomes impossible to make ends meet by working LowSkill/LowPay jobs at Wal*Mart, Home Depot, or Starbucks so the ones that are physically able would leave the box stores and go work the fields... at least seasonally. The exodus would create a shortage of labor for the low end jobs which would drive up wages which in turn drives up prices for all consumer goods. Now we have inflation, Yippee! Inflation is GOOD for people with lots of fixed rate debt. If your home's mortgage stays the same but both your take-home pay and the value of home are doubled then you are going to be better off because of inflation in the long run... but have to make it through the tight period where expense react faster than wages without incurring variable rate credit card debt. Inflation is BAD for people with lots of money. You know, the type of people that run the country... they type of people that donate to political campaigns. They either have to invest in HighRisk/HighReward ventures or watch their fortunes be eroded by inflation. Our government will never do anything to hurt the ruling class so dream on. Most people believe the media... the media is controlled by money. Media tells you that inflation is worse than ebola and everyone is too busy to stop and consider the truth. Just deport the FELONS. Shouldn't be controversial at all. Although many judges do give undocumented aliens probation, many do not. In Travis County, Judge Brenda Kennedy will not even consider giving a non-citizen probation. This usually means that they will serve a TDC sentence (if warranted) or the prosecutor will reduce the charge to a misdemeanor. What Judge Kennedy and many of her brethren do not understand is that ICE usually gets called by probation officers anyway. When doing a pre-sentence investigation (PSI) report, probation officers verify immigration status through ICE. If the defendant pleaded to a removable (deportable) offense, ICE will usually be there to take the person into custody at sentencing (regardless of whether given probation or not). If deported, they are still on probation and will have to report by mail. Grits is correct: whether someone is deportable or not is a lengthy process that involves more than just asking for "papers." A State judge and most attorneys (prosecutors and defense) are ill-equipped to make that determination. DPS border 'surge' failed to reduce drug supplies,... DPS: Surge will take four years to staff, apprehen... Lies, damn lies and drug war statistics: DPS editi... Receive Grits for Breakfast posts via email Bill to ban probation for illegal immigrants likel... Bexar POs allegedly linked romantically to probati... House budget markup funds prison health below what... Hacking ATMs with a $35 Raspberry Pi Recalling Texan origins of the Prison Rape Elimina... DPS border 'surge' compromised crime fighting in r... Remembering Wiley College while the rest of Texas ... Benchslap for judge-turned-Tarrant DA for gagging ... Smarter probation, risk assessments reduce recidiv... Infographics on Texas court system High speed chases, asset forfeiture, civil commitm... Capital cases called into question Debbie Riddle wants Potty Police to combat gender ... Authorities storm Bryan VFW to photograph, fingerp... A recipe for 'less government': Cut corrections co... TX Chief Justice: Decriminalize truancy, fund indi... Pot push prioritizes less government; 'legalizatio... Sex offenders charged with phony crimes to clear s... If Lege can pay $735 million for border boondoggle... Either staff metal detectors at capitol entrances ... Roundup: Jail foibles, judicial elections, border ... Don't release inmates directly from solitary to fr... Accomplice witness rule protects against false con... Trust us, we're the government: Most DAs won't rel... Education vs. prison costs, the Imprisoner's Dilem... TDCJ settled discrimination suit by former flak, M... Harris DA: Delay pleas on drug cases till lab resu... Grand jury reform: Beyond eliminating the pick-a-p... What jurors need to know during sentencing Public safety arguments for arresting pot smokers ... DPS backs down on collecting all ten fingerprints ... Innocence and clemency: An early test for Greg Abb... Cochran: Tell jurors financial cost of prison sent... Years long battle between Lege and courts continue... Harris DA backs eliminating 'key man' system for p... West Texas indigent defense: A Nolan County case s... Lege, not mayors, must address police accountabili... Lege can lower county jail costs by reducing incar... More inmates in solitary confinement in Texas than... Legislation filed to reduce jail pops, shut down r... House committees announced: Reviewing the criminal... Prayer for relief: Bill to abolish Driver Responsi... Draft budgets short shrift prisoner health care Bennett: How Texas can constitutionally reboot onl... Assault on youth by guard at Evins caught on video... Surge in bipartisan desire to limit asset forfeitu... Truncated agenda: Aim high on criminal justice thi... Brazos judges violated Open Meetings Act on decisi...	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line211
__label__wiki	0.63897	0.63897	Footy Jokes Arsenal4 years ago Top 10 central defenders of the English Premier League 2015/16 Craig Dawson – WBA Even though West Bromwich Albion has some difficulties at the beginning of the season, Craig Dawson is one of the few bright... Chelsea4 years ago 10 players who have lost form unexpectedly this season Fabio Coloccini : The Argentine has been the commander at the back and has been a strong influence to marshal the troops at Tyneside. This season... AFC Bournemouth4 years ago Top Premier league sprinters right now James Milner- 455 (Liverpool) At no.10 is James Milner who has completed 455 sprints so far in the premier league. Even though he is gradually aging,... Bayern München4 years ago Clubs most impacted by injuries in international break Bayern Munich- Not a huge concern but Bayern Munich does have one injury concern right now. Mario Gotze suffered a groin injury during a match against... AC Milan4 years ago Top 10 Most Underwhelming Starts to the 2015/2016 Season Many will argue that the first 2 months or so are the most important of any club’s season. They set the standard for how you’re going... Top 10 Big Summer Signings who have yet to Perform It seems as if every summer, the price tags on Europe’s top players tend to increase more and more. The big clubs are shelling out hundreds... Liverpool4 years ago Liverpool starting XI under Klopp Next Season Simon Mignolet- Simon Mignolet is still one of the best players of Liverpool and continues to be the strong backbone for the club. He is one... Top 10 Quotes by Brendan Rodgers Not sure if manager or cook “I always say a squad is like a good meal. I’m not a great cook, but a good meal takes... Highlights of Brendan Rodgers’s career at Liverpool Record amount of wins : The 2013/14 season was one to remember for Brendan Rodgers as he helped the Merseyside club to finish in the second... Why Jurgen Klopp is perfect for Liverpool The perfect man for rebuilding a team He is the perfect guy to bail out Liverpool from their crisis. He has proven that with Borussia Dortmund... Copyright © 2019 FootyJokes.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line212
__label__cc	0.500904	0.499096	Promoted series are produced by CultureMap sponsors and not by the editorial staff. Ranking It Why does (nearly) everybody want to move to Houston? Survey explains Taste of the NFL NFL selects UH as site for gigantic Super Bowl foodie fundraiser Freedom Place Central Texas recovery center provides safe haven for trafficking victims Central Texas center provides safe haven for trafficking victims By CultureMap Create Oct 24, 2016, 9:46 am Freedom Place is one of only five care and recovery centers for domestic child sex trafficking in the country. Photo courtesy of Freedom Place Girls spend an average of a year at Freedom Place. Photo courtesy of Freedom Place In addition to physical and mental healthcare, the residents receive education and life skills training. Photo courtesy of Freedom Place Equine therapy is very popular. Photo courtesy of Freedom Place You may think that child sex trafficking isn’t a problem in America, that it’s something only faraway countries have to deal with in today’s modern world. But did you know that Houston’s own I-10 corridor is a major transport route, along with I-45, our airports, and any large-draw events (next year’s Super Bowl looms large), making Houston the top city in the U.S. for domestic minor sex trafficking? Acknowledged or not, it’s a major problem in our city, and some may view it as too big of a horror to face. Arrow Child & Family Ministries, however, is responding with rehabilitative care that leads to healing through programs and facilities that are giving these rescued girls a chance at normal, productive lives. Community leader Nikki Richnow had a calling in her heart and was the visionary who co-founded Freedom Place in 2012, after witnessing child prostitution in Asia and coming home to the horrifying truth that the selling of children for sex was also a thriving business in America. With the help of Arrow Child & Family Ministries and dedicated community volunteers, Freedom Place became the first treatment and recovery center of its kind in Texas and one of only five in the entire country. Girls ages 9-18 who are rescued from domestic child sex trafficking — the average victim’s age is 13, and only one in 100 are recovered — typically spend on average a year at Freedom Place, which is located at an undisclosed location outside Houston. They receive emotional, spiritual, mental and physical therapy while continuing their education and benefiting from other resources designed to prepare them to re-engage and become successful members of society. Its trailblazer status has made Freedom Place the standard for state licensing agencies looking to determine what treatments are most effective in giving the girls back the lives that were taken from them. It’s also the first rehabilitative center to use and teach canine therapy for vocational skills and to accompany the survivors on the witness stand, allowing the girls to overcome PTSD, reduce shame and guilt, and testify against their perpetrators. Art, music, ropes, and equine therapy are also invaluable resources on the road to recovery. When a child arrives at Freedom Place, all efforts are made to reunite her with her immediate family. If that’s not possible, then Arrow Child & Family Ministries steps in to assist with the transition that best fits her needs, including foster care. Arrow Child & Family Ministries began in 1992 with a concentration on foster care, not knowing that today over 74 percent of sex trafficking victims come from the foster care system. The brokenness these girls face often originated in their home and then led them to be placed with child protective services. It is these connections that strengthens Arrow’s desire of helping these girls reclaim their peace through family and only furthers its mission of helping kids and strengthening families. A fundraising luncheon will take place at River Oaks Country Club on November 3. Domestic child sex trafficking survivor Rachel Thomas will speak about overcoming the atrocities these children face. For more information, contact Debi Tengler at Debi.Tengler@Arrow.org or register online. This website is your new secret to booking the best hotel rates Need a custom T-shirt? This Houston print shop can make it happen.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line219
__label__wiki	0.602318	0.602318	Grand Opening Soiree Guests celebrate grand opening of Houston's first non-toxic nail salon Suitsupply Woodlands Suitsupply hits The Woodlands with casual clothing options, new styles Fashion Week's Big Debut Raf Simons stamps Calvin Klein with quirky view of America and the world Raf Simons stamps Calvin Klein with a quirky view of America and world Calvin Klein patchwork quilt coat. Photo courtesy of Calvin Klein Calvin Klein leather jacket stamped with silver flowers. Photo courtesy of Calvin Klein Calvin Klein feathered dress in clear plastic. Photo courtesy of Calvin Klein Calvin Klein carcoat with patchwork quilt lining. Photo courtesy of Calvin Klein Calvin Klein colorful shirt with patch pockets and slacks inspired by marching band uniforms. Photo courtesy of Calvin Klein Calvin Klein floral coat over flag skirt. Photo courtesy of Calvin Klein Calvin Klein coat wrapped in plastic. Photo courtesy of Calvin Klein Among the most anticipated shows at New York Fashion Week was the debut of new Calvin Klein designer Raf Simons. The Belgian designer abruptly left Dior after only three-and-a-half years at the fabled French fashion house and unexpectedly ended up at Calvin Klein, where he has been given complete creative control to revitalize the venerable American brand. Calvin Klein is known mainly for underwear, jeans, and fragrances, and that's where the bulk of profits come from. With Simons in charge, the brand is hoping to be a player in high fashion circles again. His first show, completed with creative director Pieter Mulier, who was his No. 2 at Dior, is an homage to America, Simons said. “It reflects the environment. All of these different people with different styles and dress codes. It’s the future, the past, Art Deco, the city, the American West…all of these things and none of these things. Not one era, not one thing, not one look. It is the coming together of different characters and different individuals, just like America itself. It is the unique beauty and emotion of America.” Showing 65 styles for women and men in one show amid artwork by Sterling Ruby, Simons has a Europeanized view of America. Half of the looks features unisex clothing, as Simons showcased colorblock shirts with flap pockets inspired by marching band uniforms, double breasted power suits with wide lapels, transparent sweaters with chunky wool sleeves, denim jackets, and black leather shirts with pearl buttons — all worn by men and women. Amid some mundane looks — the last three models wore run-of-the-mill double-breasted overcoats — were several standouts. Feminine feathered dresses and plaid raincoats — both covered in clear plastic like grandma's sofa — have a fresh feel, as do some interesting coats for both women and men that incorporate patchwork quilt designs that look like they came straight out of Houston's International Quilt Festival. Simon's first-time effort for Calving Klein produced a hit-and-miss collection, both optimistic and head-scratching at the same time. But it certainly left observers wanting to see more of the direction the brand will take under his direction.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line220
__label__cc	0.59712	0.40288	Home » Travel State Fair Fried Foods S'more Beer? Outrageous new food combos from the State Fair of Texas Bachelorette's Galveston Getaway The Bachelorette and her fiance spread the love to Galveston Drafthouse Does Alamo Drafthouse wants to scare you to death at spooky sleepaway camp — for adults only Alamo Drafthouse wants to scare you to death at spooky sleepaway camp By Nicole Raney Things are going to get spooky during Halloweekend at Camp Champions. Photo courtesy of Alamo Drafthouse Alamo Drafthouse's Rolling Roadshow series has brought you to the shark-infested waters of Jaws, the motel from cult fave Bottle Rocket, and the Chinese-Western future of Serenity. Now, the Drafthouse is going to scare you to death. The folks at Alamo Drafthouse and Do512 are teaming up for Camp Halloweekend, a sleepaway camp weekend for adults only. The all-inclusive "getaway" is a three-day, two-night event featuring film screenings (duh); live music (of course); and a slew of typical camp activities like swimming, canoeing, kayaking, archery, ropes courses, a camp-wide dance, and arts and crafts. The movie lineup includes Friday the 13th, Sleepaway Camp, Evil Dead II, and Wet Hot American Summer with writer/director David Wain. On the music side, Brown Sabbath and Whiskey Shivers have been confirmed for the bill. "The Rolling Roadshow has always been about so much more than just watching a movie outside," said Henri Mazza, Alamo Drafthouse vice president of special events, in a release. "Living at the camp all weekend long will be just like living in the world of the movies we love, but without the risk of being hacked to death by a machete-wielding psychopath who can't be killed." Event organizers promise that there won't be any horrific slayings, but there will be "plenty of surprises." The weekend is shaping up to be the Drafthouse's coolest collaboration yet. "Our movie and music collaborations with the Alamo Drafthouse have helped bring more awesome parties to the Austin scene for years," said CEO and co-founder of Do512 Jimmy Stewart. "But nothing can prepare you for the awesomeness of Camp Halloweekend!" Registration for Camp Halloweekend is now open. Your $350 ticket includes a two-night stay at Camp Champions in Marble Falls, food, drinks, a camp T-shirt, and access to all of the activities. Campers can also bring coolers with their own beverages.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line221
__label__wiki	0.579963	0.579963	Dons, varsities and copyright CLAIMS ON COURSE MATERIAL By Andy Ho WHO owns course material? Because online education promises to be a money spinner, this issue will emerge in our institutions of higher learning sooner rather than later: Does the instructor-as-employee who created the material own copyright to it or does it belong to the school-as-employer, whether a public university or a private college? Professors tend to move from one university to another. Also, private schools here employ many 'nomadic' part-time instructors. As such, a course can begin to take shape at one institution and be improved upon at another. If a university were to own the course material that an instructor develops while teaching there, then he would not be able to use that material when he moved to teach at a different institution. Since professors are likely to be teaching much the same courses and thus use much the same material, this would mean that a new hire who has taught elsewhere would be using course material (he developed but is) owned by his ex-employer. In practice, such a policy would lock professors down to the first school that ever employed them. This is a policy consideration that has led to the customary practice accepted in common law that instructors own their course material. Statutory law itself provides that, if he is a citizen of or resident in any signatory country of the Berne Convention or the World Trade Organisation (Singapore included) at the time he first created the work, then the author owns copyright. The exception to this rule involves people employed to write for their employer. In that case, the employer owns copyright because the work was created for the employer in the course of employment. (Also, a valid contract of employment could explicitly state that the employee hands copyright on any work created in his job over to his employer.) So, the general rule is that copyright is vested in the original author to provide an economic incentive for creativity and innovation. Therefore, for employers of writers to be given copyright appears to be an exception to this rule, experts say. In fact, the very order of the two clauses in our Copyright Act suggests that the latter is indeed meant as an exception. The exception promotes investments that provide the work contexts in which a writer like me can write for a living, so my columns can be packaged with other stories to be sold in the form of a newspaper, magazine or periodical. Still, our law provides this exception specifically only to 'the proprietor of a newspaper, magazine or similar periodical under a contract of service or apprenticeship'. Institutions of higher learning are not expressly included in the exception. By law, then, they do not own course materials their instructors create. Why? One reason might be that the teaching in such institutions does not serve the interests of individual instructors, experts say. Rather, instruction in these institutions, seen as the unencumbered search for and free exposition of the truth in the classroom - or academic freedom - conduces to the common good. So copyright in teaching material is vested in instructors who prepare them, though they be employees of universities and colleges, because doing so promotes academic freedom. This freedom to explore ideas is something that society values because it leads to advancements in knowledge and technology, experts say. When professors can express their ideas fully and freely, students are stimulated to think - and together, new insights may emerge. However, the precise form in which such ideas are expressed - whether in reproducible written or video-taped form, or ex tempore, for example - is of no consequence to the university as employer. That is, instructors have no duty to make notes. When they do prepare such notes, they are for their own use as guides during the delivery of lectures. Thus, course material such as lecture notes, syllabi, exams, PowerPoint slides, essays and monographs are not prepared for the employer. This is why it is customarily theirs, not the university's property. Of course, the mere mention of academic freedom assumes the university to be something like a guild of autonomous craftsmen-stewards of knowledge engaged in disinterested inquiry and exchange, with no formal quid pro quo. Today, however, in the university, commercially tractable knowledge is arguably more sought after than the pursuit of 'usefully useless' truth for its own sake. The university is already sometimes like a for-profit corporation of knowledge workers that managerial bureaucracies steer to ensure profitability. Such managers may soon be looking to acquire the copyrights to course materials instructors create. In fact, to even defend academic freedom in terms of property rights is already an acquiescence to the already commercially remodelled university-faculty relationship. But Corynne McSherry argues in Who Owns Academic Work? (Harvard University Press, 2001) this is not new. The university has always been 'the servant of capital, legitimating the commodification of knowledge', she argues. One proof lies in its success in becoming the sole conduit into the most prestigious professions, membership in which translates into affluence and status. In McSherry's anti-romantic account, the university was 'freed from the short-term profit needs of capital (to be) free to serve capital's long-term needs, including its need for basic research'. Indeed, in recent times, capital has infiltrated its research function. But now, even its core instructional function is game. With money to be made from online learning, course material could be mined for profit. In a live classroom setting, the professor's mode of expressing his ideas had no fungible value. But in the asynchronous online classroom, it is eminently monetisable. Ominously, one university - Stanford - already asserts ownership 'of all Stanford course materials'. In due course, US law, which tends to conform to capital's needs, will presumably be amended to make all this explicitly legal. Through its free trade agreement with Singapore, our copyright law will likely have to follow suit. Therefore, it looks like, everywhere and in good time, the professoriate will lose its copyrights. andyho@sph.com.sg Labels: Money, Social Food Allergies get curiouser and curiouser Warning: Machines may outsmart man Foolhardy to take harmony for granted 3G SAF (3) Three forces, one big punch RELIGIOUS HARMONY: 20 years of keeping the peace America the Bankrupt Tiger trumped Beware enclaves of the like-minded 3G SAF (2) A silent sentinel takes up 24/7 duty Jitters over religion hard sell 3G SAF (1) - See first, think quicker, kill faster... Scream that sparked widespread violence	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line226
__label__wiki	0.843758	0.843758	हैरी पॉटर 15,456,137 viewers प्रशंसक बने Harry Potter films - tropes कीवर्ड्स: हैरी पॉटर, films, फिल्में, tv tropes, hp, tropes पेश द्वारा StarWanderer एक साल से अधिक पुराना It was called Harry Potter (Film) - TV Tropes You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don\'t have an account Left to right: Harry Potter, Hermione Granger, Luna Lovegood, Cho Chang, Ron Weasley, Ginny Weasley, and Neville Longbottom. Hermione: We\'ve got to plan, we\'ve got to figure it out! Harry: Hermione, when have any of our plans ever actually worked? We plan, we get there, all hell breaks loose. Starting in 2001 and finishing in 2011, each of the seven main books was put to film. The films star Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, Rupert Grint as Ron Weasley, and Emma Watson as Hermione Granger. The entire series (which has taken a higher aggregate box-office gross than any other series in the same medium) spans eight movies; the seventh book, , was split into two separate films in an attempt to encompass as much of the final book\'s content as possible (in contrast to the rushed scenes of the largest book, The first two films, directed by Chris Columbus, place more emphasis on plot than characterization, with most scenes being identical to their counterparts in the books, and are generally regarded as solid but workmanlike. Columbus was succeeded by Alfonso Cuar�n, who decided to reverse this and created what is likely the most controversial movie in the series. His wangsting with a plot incomprehensible to anyone who hasn\'t read the book (or both). Mike Newell came next, following more-or-less in Cuarón\'s footsteps, but with a larger eye for spectacle and adventure. As was when J. K. Rowling started writing Door Stoppers, the movie version received attention mostly for how much stuff got left out. British TV director David Yates followed, helming and all subsequent films, combining the Cuarón and Newell approaches in terms of style, while embracing the increasingly dark and grim tone of the later novels. fandom is rather sharply divided over whether the earlier films directed by Columbus, or the character-driven films which followed, are better. It basically comes down to personal opinion, whether one prefers complete fidelity, point-for-point with the books, or a more cinematic approach that cuts and embellishes as the directors see fit. This being said, all of the films have been overall critical successes. The first five films were made and released as the final three books were being written. The film of was released in theaters, making it the first film where the viewers watched knowing how the story ended. is one of the most financially successful film series of all time. The eight films have earned a combined 7.7 dollars in revenue falling just shy of a billion dollars per film. The films were a Star-Making Role for Daniel Radcliffe and Emma Watson, and boasted an All-Star Cast and a who\'s who of the British acting scene, including: Richard Harris, Maggie Smith, Alan Rickman, Gary Oldman, Kenneth Branagh, David Thewlis, Julie Walters, John Hurt, Michael Gambon, Robbie Coltrane, Jim Broadbent, Emma Thompson, John Cleese, Helena Bonham-Carter, Bill Nighy, Timothy Spall, Ralph Fiennes, Ciar�n Hinds, David Bradley, Warwick Davis, Julie Christie and Brendan Gleeson. announced that they were developing a new spin-off movie series set in the . The films are scripted by J.K Rowling and set 70 years before Harry\'s first year, revolving around the book\'s author, Newt Scamander. The first installment of this new saga of five planned films released November 17, 2016. Abandoned Catchphrase: Harry had the habit of saying "Don\'t mention it" whenever he helped someone. It wasn\'t heard again after , when the films took a much darker tone. Adaptational Badass: The films are slightly more action-packed than the books, and the main characters tend to be able to hold their own against adult wizards. In particular, Harry\'s able to hold his own during a protracted duel with Voldemort during the climax of the eighth film. He struggle quite a lot, barely deflecting spells and instinctively firing off Priori Incantatem, and nearly got choked to death... but even struggle would be completely beyond him in the books, where Voldemort held off multiple veteran wizards simultaneously. Somehow, even Dumbledore gets upgraded some in the sixth film. In the book, the ring of fire he summoned was barely big enough to circle both him and Harry and had to accompany them as they moved within the tiny island. In the film, it�s a spectacular firestorm raging through the entire cave. . In the book, after Lockhart releases the cage full of pixies, Hermione is shown recapturing two or three of them at a time by using "a clever freezing charm". In the movie, once Lockhart flees, Hermione takes out the entire classroom full of pixies with a single spell. She also seems to be able to fly a broom as well as Harry and Ron, as seen in Ginny in the eighth film. Before Molly takes over in the book, Bellatrix is seen duelling Ginny, Luna, and Hermione at the same time. In the films, Ron and Hermione are busy with the snake and Luna is otherwise indisposed. Thus Ginny is trying to hold off Voldemort\'s second-in-command her dad, who was in the background, was helping her (which would count as this trope as well), but George seemed to be facing away, only turning around when he hears the noise from Ginny nearly getting fried. Non-verbal magic. In the books, this is difficult to do at all, and requires much practice and mental discipline (and wasn\'t even taught until the sixth year)... while in the films - especially the later ones - virtually everyone throws these around just as regularly as the spoken versions, if not more so. Happens inadvertently to Narcissa Malfoy. The films keep her worrying for her son\'s life and betraying Voldemort at the end but leave out scenes showing her haughty racism and general rich bitch attitude before her Heel�Face Turn. Although Rufus Scrimgeour was never a villain, in books six and seven he\'s treated as something of an opportunistic antagonist who really only wants to work with Harry to make himself look good. In the film series he\'s introduced briefly in the seventh movie, where he cryptically tells Harry and the gang that he doesn\'t know what they\'re up to, but that they can\'t fight Voldemort alone. And then he dies off-screen. In the books, Severus Snape is a Jerkass, plain and simple. In the movies, he\'s still unpleasant and occasionally mean, but many of his nastier moments are toned down or removed, and he also has a few Pet the Dog moments, such as shielding Harry, Ron and Hermione, the three students he , from werewolf Lupin, putting his own life at risk in the process. Unlike his counterpart in the books, who was definitely under the Imperius Curse, Pius Thicknesse is implied to have joined the Death Eaters and Voldemort of his free will. He seems very tense compared to the other Death Eaters in the room, most noticeably when Nagini is slithering by his feet, but nothing is outright stated, only inferred. In the books, Grindelwald and Dumbledore were childhood friends (and maybe lovers), and Grindelwald redeems himself by lying to Voldemort about the Elder Wand. In the movie, basically all of that subplot is cut out, and so is his lying to Voldemort. Adaptational Wimp: The films have been accused of doing this to Ron. In the first book, Ron and Harry are trapped by a monstrous plant, and Hermione has to save them; she panics so much that she forgets about her powers, and Ron is the one to angrily remind her of what she can do. In the film Ron almost dies because panics, and Hermione basically figures out how to save him herself, all while acting relatively calm. The change was likely made to avoid the cliche of the only woman being the one who panics. It\'s a nice gesture, but takes away one of Ron\'s better moments. Cho Chang was excessively jealous and clingy when dating Harry in the books, but none of this is shown in the movies. The films made Ginny noticeably more soft-spoken, in contrast to the Fiery Redhead she was in the books. Narcissa Malfoy has her Rich Bitch and haughty racism tendencies dropped from the films. books, Hagrid\'s dog Fang is described as a boarhound, which is an old term for a Great Dane. In the movies, Fang is played by a Neapolitan Mastiff. Downplayed as this is a change of breed rather than species. In the first movie the species of the snake is changed from boa constrictor to Burmese python. Nagini\'s species isn\'t specified in the books, but we do know she\'s some kind of venomous snake. In the movies, she\'s , where Neville and Luna sit beside each other and grin goofily. , being completely unafraid of looking stupid, like a lot of boys his age would be. came out, Rowling said she was surprised at a few parts of the film which unknowingly foreshadowed future books. In retrospect, one was staring us in the face - established player numbers in Quidditch, and Harry\'s was 7. We wouldn\'t be learning about horcruxes until the book of , and it would be another three years until we learned that Harry was the seventh horcrux. So, while it wasn\'t really an arc number in the books, it was in the films. The Artifact: There are several instances where the dialogue is lifted straight from the books but doesn\'t match the continuity of the films. In , Slughorn claims that he "comes by the stuffing naturally" when disguising himself as an armchair, which makes no sense because he is decidedly not the round, portly man he is in the books. In , Mundungus Fletcher describes Umbridge as having a bow, which she frequently wears in the books, but is not once seen with one in the films, including in the picture Mundungus is talking about in the first place. Artistic License � History: The films are established as taking place in the same era as the books (1991-1998) but the characters usually dress in 2000s era Muggle fashions in the later films. The films also show things like Oyster card readers (not introduced until 2003) and at one point Death Eaters blow up London\'s Millennium Bridge — which, as the name suggests, wasn\'t completed until 2000, and wasn\'t actually put into constant use until onward, the character of Blaise Zabini takes over Goyle\'s role, while Goyle takes Crabbe\'s, because the actor playing Crabbe had troubles with the law. Ginny zig-zags through this depending on what film it is. She has one scene in the first film, is a big part of the plot of the second, has two scenes in the third, gets a lot more screen-time in the fourth, is featured but has few lines and a Meaningful Background Event in the fifth, is a big part of the sixth, is Demoted to Extra again in the seventh, and then is quite important in the eighth. In the books, Scabior is featured in only two scenes, while in the seventh film he receives significantly more screen time, appearing as early as the first Malfoy Manor scene. The film also seems to treat him as a Death Eater rather then the snatcher that he is in the book. Ash Face: Seamus Finnigan seems to be subjected to this an awful lot. It\'s even lampshaded in the final film. Author Appeal: Screenwriter Steve Kloves\' favorite character is Hermione. Guess which character gets a lot more feature time. Barty Crouch Jr. Nothing says Ax-Crazy like David Tennant\'s expressiveness and psycho face. Beam-O-War: Multiple times during the films, despite the first one being the only instance that made sense in-universe. Then again, the films never actually explain what is, so as far as the audience is concerned it\'s basically a magical color-coded version of arm-wrestling. In the seventh movie, Umbridge falsely accusing an innocent witch of lying makes Harry so angry that he attacks Umbridge right then and there, in the Ministry courtroom. Harry: You\'re lying, Dolores� and you mustn\'t tell lies! In the eighth, Harry mentions Tom Riddle\'s name to the Grey Lady and what he did with her mother\'s diadem, the up-to-then serene ghost becomes enraged: Grey Lady: I know who he is! I know what he\'s done! He defiled it! With dark magic!!! In the eighth movie Ron has a minor one in the Room of Requirement when Hermione is attacked: (Crabbe and Goyle waddle down Great Hall, each carrying a huge pile of sweets) (the scene then cuts to the Great Hall, where a pair of cupcakes start to rise and hover above the ground as Crabbe and Goyle walk closer. Crabbe notices the cupcakes, and, still holding the wad of food, takes them out of the air and hands one to Goyle. The two each take a bite, chewing for a few seconds before falling back on the floor, unconscious) The Quidditch matches in the first two films both have these. . Briefly, there is a shot of Harry looking through the omnioculars at Krum while Ginny and George introduce him through dialogue. Bloodless Carnage: Played straight as spells don\'t leave bulletholes, but averted for effect on two occasions: , Voldemort walks across a floor strewn with blood and the bodies of the guards and goblins who let Harry steal his Horcrux from Gringotts. In a departure from the books, every time a Horcrux is destroyed, Voldemort is weakened. He realizes what\'s going on after the Cup has been destroyed — and once he\'s left with only two anchors to keep him alive, Lupin\'s werewolf transformation is quite painful to look at. It\'s pretty accurate to the real werewolf transformation in mythology. At least Rowling did her homework. plays the exact same music that the first film ended with. Harry\'s life with the Dursleys: when he was 1, Hagrid brought him to the Dursleys riding Sirius\' bike. When he leaves the Dursleys, it is Hagrid who takes Harry... riding Sirius\' bike. Hagrid even mentions this. , when Harry lands after saving the Remembrall, a background student is heard saying "That was wicked, Harry!" When Harry lands Buckbeak in , when Dobby emerges from the closet after being tossed in by Harry to hide from his Uncle Vernon, he finds a blue sock dangling from his head, which he nonchalantly tosses to the side. Near the end of the film, Harry, when returning the damaged shell of Tom Riddle\'s Diary to Lucius Malfoy, has managed to sneak one of his socks within the covers. When Lucius angrily shoves the tattered remains to Dobby, he notices the article of clothing within, which resulted in Harry, through Lucius, freeing Dobby. When the Weasleys save Harry from the Dursleys, Harry asks why they\'re there and Ron replies "rescuing you, of course." When the Order saves Harry from the Dursleys in Harry says "You\'re lying, Dolores... and you mustn\'t tell lies!" in The toy knights that Harry played with in the first film are still there seven years later. A running gag is Seamus\'s tendency to set things on fire or make explode, such as somehow adding an ingredient to make a supposed Draught of the Living Death explode in the sixth film. In the final film, Professor McGonagall suggests enlisting him to set up explosives because of this. In the third film, before Sirius departs on Buckbeak he rests a hand over Harry\'s heart, saying that\'s where their loved ones could always be found. In the eighth, when Harry is using the Resurrection Stone, Harry asks his lost loved ones whether they\'d be able to be seen by Voldemort — to which Sirius responds "No. We\'re In the eighth film, when Harry is in the Room of Requirement trying to get a hold of Ravenclaw\'s Diadem, he climbs a mountain of stuff and accidentally knocks over a small cage. A second later, Cornish pixies, who were last seen in Professor Lockhart\'s classroom in movie two, are flying in every direction. Rupert Grint had a trademark grimace he used often in the first two films. Then his acting abilities matured and we didn\'t see it. However in the scene in movie 8 when he\'s yelling at Harry and Hermione to run from the fiendfyre he\'s making that face. where Albus Severus enters platform 9 3/4 is almost identical to the scene of Harry entering the platform in Maybe. Rumor persists that die-hard Real Life At least three of the four directors like these: Chris Columbus cast his own children in various nonspeaking background roles. Most famously, his daughter Eleanor is Susan Bones, who is seen in nearly every crowd scene in the first two films. And then, of course, disappears for the rest of the series. (Amusingly, Susan is a slight Chekhov\'s Gunman character in the books and she ends up having a small role late in the series, although one minor enough that the film versions probably would have cut it anyway. Her name does appear on the list of D.A. members in the fifth movie, however. The video game version of includes Susan, voiced by a British actress, but physically resembling an older version of the character Eleanor Columbus played.) In the third film, there\'s a portrait of a mother and a baby next to the Fat Lady\'s portrait. That\'s Alfonso Cuarón\'s wife (at the time; they are now divorced) and their then-newborn baby. Ian Brown, of 90s britpop band The Stone Roses fame, appears for a brief moment in Jarvis Cocker appears as the frontman to The Weird Sisters in The first time Harry sees Sirius, Harry thinks that his gaunt appearance makes him look like a vampire. In the film version of , Sirius is played by Gary Oldman, who played the most famous vampire ever in , Rufus Scrigmeour is (according to Luna, who read it in The Quibbler) is actually a vampire. In the film version of , Scrigemeour is played by Bill Nighy, who played vampire clan leader Viktor in the Post-werewolf attack (Book 6), Bill Weasley is said in the book to bear "a distinct resemblance to Mad-Eye [Moody]." Enter Film 7, where Bill finally makes an appearance. He is played by Domnhall Gleeson, the son of Mad-Eye\'s actor Brendan Gleeson. Camp Unsafe Isn\'t Safe Anymore: This is said of Hogwarts in three separate films, starting in Hagrid has "I shouldn\'ta told ya that." and "I shouldn\'ta said that". Regulus Black is mentioned casually as one of Slughorn\'s favorites in the sixth film. Mafalda and Runcorn appear briefly in the seventh film before they are actually needed. Runcorn is seen with Umbridge and Thicknesse when the Ministry is taken over, and Mafalda is shown on a newspaper with Umbridge. Even better, Mafalda was the one who sent the letters to Harry after Dobby framed him for using magic outside of school in front of Muggles in the second movie. Daniel Radcliffe, during the entire Felix Felicis scene, Dan proceeds to eat as much scenery as he can. Ron, after accidentally drinking a love potion. (Notice how both scenes are "under the influence"?) Chiaroscuro: Applied in steadily increasing amounts as the series progresses. One really wonders how Hogwarts can let all these disappearances go unchecked with all the high-intensity security measures it has taken over the course of the series - Madam Hooch after . This was due to his actor, Hugh Mitchell, going through an impressive growth spurt, to the point where the filmmakers didn\'t believe he could reasonably portray a character who was supposed to appear small and mousy. He is, for all intents and purposes, replaced by the character Nigel. Narrowly averted with Madam Pomfrey and Professor Sprout, who were brought back in the sixth and eighth films respectively after both having been absent since the second. Where Padma Patil and Gregory Goyle appear in the final film, Parvati Patil and Vincent Crabbe (who was supposed to get Goyle\'s death scene) vanish without explanation, although the latter was due to Absentee Actor. Percy plays a fairly important role in the first movie, only to drop out of existence thereafter. He appears occasionally in background shots, but any storyline about him is just removed entirely, to the point one might wonder why his parents never talk about that son they once had hanging around their house. , where the crucial information he provides is instead revealed by Neville. Unlike Nick, Dobby does make a reappearance. Classically Trained Extra: The All-Star Cast has an impressive amount of Shakespearian Actors. Colour-Coded for Your Convenience: The ties and lapels of Hogwarts uniforms are in the colours of the student\'s house. Red and gold for Gryffindor, Black and Gold for Hufflepuff, blue and silver for Ravenclaw, green and silver for Slytherin. Composite Character: The boy identified in the later films as "Nigel" seems to be a composite of Colin and Dennis Creevey from the books; reportedly, the actor playing Colin had grown up something fierce and no longer looked boyish enough next to Daniel Radcliffe. on cuts a significant amount of scenes, characters, and sub-plots from the books. Can\'t really be helped, though: there\'s just too much plot to stuff into a movie. , the scene where the Room of Requirement burns (the hide-everything version where Ravenclaw\'s diadem is hidden) features sets and props from the other films, such as Cowardly Lion: Ron\'s persona seems to cater this more so than in the books. He gets freaked out pretty often, but it\'s obvious he more than has the skill to do what needs to be done on more than one occasion. Averted by choice. For the Mirror of Erised scene, Chris Columbus offered Rowling a cameo as Lily Potter. Jo politely refused, saying that it was best left for a real actor, and she didn\'t want people to think she had written some Self-Insert Fic. A rumour that she was the witch who, in , approaches Harry in Knockturn Alley ("not lost, are you my dear?") was quashed by Rowling on her website , where she confirms that she was only ever offered the part of Lily. However, it does appear that she reversed the decision come film 6, where she can be seen on the cover of the magazine Dumbledore takes from the house due to the "knitting patterns." Alfonso Cuarón is the man seated holding two lit candles when Harry enters Madame Rosmerta\'s tavern. , Mike Newell\'s voice is heard on the radio in the opening scene with Frank Bryce. , Cho Chang wears a silver Cheongsam-style dress to the Yule Ball. The Patil twins wears saris. In Darker and Edgier: The later films got increasingly darker both in terms of the subject matter and of cinematography. The first two films were full of warm golds and reds, while the later films favour cold blues, and is almost artfully done in black and white. To further hammer this fact in, "Hedwig\'s Theme", which introduces each film, sounds slightly more eerie, shriller and more discordant in each consecutive film (the 4th movie shifted the theme to a minor key, and there it thankfully didn\'t stayed for the rest of the franchise; in , the intro theme is drowned out halfway through by a reptilian screech). But after Voldemort was defeated in the last film, the vivid colours of the first movies return, reflecting the Bittersweet Ending resulting from multiple character deaths. At some points in the final three films, the action, which is easy to see when watching in a dark cinema or room, is hard to see in a bright room with sunlight shining in. during the Gringotts break-in, but in the final film he is seen roasted by a dragon. People were probably cheering when Fenrir and Scabior got taken out too, though. Goyle replaces Crabbe as the one to be killed by the Fiendfyre in the Room of Requirement. Word of God confirmed that Lavender Brown DID die after having her neck chomped on by a werewolf. Amycus and Alecto Carrow, who are quite possibly killed by a Blasting Curse during McGonagall\'s duel with Snape, while in the book, they are merely trapped in a net by McGonagall and hung in the Ravenclaw common room. Fenrir and Scabior. Neither were killed in the book. The Death Eaters\' pointed hoods give them a strong resemblance to the Ku Klux Klan, although with the opposite colour scheme, of course. Cormac inquires about Hermione to Ron, while brandishing his quite large Quidditch broomstick. A bathrobe-clad Ginny points out to Harry that his shoelace is untied, and drops down to a knee, at first out of frame. To tie his shoe, of course! Ron is wiping a lot of things off Hermione\'s lips... like toothpaste and butterbeer foam... The scene where Hermione is tortured by Bellatrix Lestrange. It happens offscreen in the book, but you get to see plenty of it in the film adaptation, and it strongly resembles rape. The Nazi-esque posters and pamphlets being printed, Bellatrix scarring Hermione\'s arm with the word "Mudblood", which is very reminiscent of the serial numbers tattooed onto the forearms of interns in concentration camps, and Albert Runcorn, the man Harry polyjuices into, wears a leather jacket and an outfit that makes him look like a Gestapo officer. In another Nazi-esque reference, Both Bellatrix and Lucius have Azkaban numbers tattooed on their necks. Ron opens the door to the Chamber of Secrets with some Parseltongue. Ron: I learnt that from Harry — he talks in his sleep, did you know that? "Oh my God, I think Snape\'s dead." "No no no, he\'s just between syllables in the word "equally"." "Ahh." Eerie Pale-Skinned Brunette: Bellatrix Lestrange, Severus Snape and young Tom Riddle. . So big, they needed an entire extra movie for the last ten chapters. The two halves feel very different; The trend started with the first movie, which had an $125 million budget (unprecedented for a children\'s film), wall-to-wall A-list actors, and a 2.5 hour running time. Those twin girls from the sixth movie were meant to set up one in which Harry realizes the Vanishing Cabinet has a twin. The scene got cut, but it\'s included in the deleted scenes on the DVD. Thus, the twins\' appearances throughout the finished film might count as The Artifact. House Slytherin (pronounced "Slither in") is an invocation of the trope, since, while it is considered the house of ambitious wizards, it also has the unfortunate reputation of being the house to produce evil wizards. Professor Snape, the better to Red Herring with, slinks more than the Big Bad does. Fantastic Racism: Voldemort and his Death Eaters to all Muggle-Borns. The Malfoys employ this egregiously to anyone Muggle-born, who associate with Muggles, the entire Weasley family, and, judging from the reaction Lucius gave when entering Hagrid\'s hut in , anyone who was not rich. A sort of unifying brand of racism goes through the Death Eaters, the Malfoys, and Dolores Umbridge in regards to members of other magical species as well. Geographic Flexibility: Present in the books, but less noticeably. The books give it a Hand Wave which is alluded to with the shifting staircases. (her head bobs down nearly to the bottom of the frame) Mrs. Weasley yelling at Fred and George for scaring her by Apparating in Mrs. Weasley: Just because you can use magic now does not mean you have to whip your wands out for everything! , which are modeled after the Marauder\'s Map, judging by the movements and shoe positions, there\'s a pair of students who are fairly obviously doing the nasty in a corner. Good Colors, Evil Colors: When Voldemort comes back in , he\'s a nice, sickly green. Notice when Harry fights him in the morning sun in the final movie, he\'s pretty near a normal skin tone — probably because he\'s now missing several evil Horcruxes. Severus Snape\'s death. Even then it\'s a Nothing Is Scarier moment as we see only a view through a dirty window, but can hear clearly the sound of the snake striking him again and again. Inverted and played straight with the discovery of Bathilda Bagshot\'s body in . While you don\'t see her body, as it is being used by Nagini like a suit, the indication that Bagshot was brutally murdered is the rather large and gruesome pool of blood dripping from the ceiling of her house. Draco certainly cops this attitude through films 2-5. Irish Explosives Expert: A Running Gag throughout the movies is Seamus Finnegan\'s projects exploding. In both the book and movie versions, Harry is continuously forced by Umbridge to write "I must not tell lies" in his own blood. In the movie version, after leading Umbridge on a wild goose chase into the woods, she\'s captured by the centaurs, and begs Harry to tell them she means no harm, at which point Harry replies, "I\'m sorry, Professor. I must not tell lies." This occurred in the book, but those lines between Harry and Umbridge were left out. In the film version of , Harry once again uses the "must not tell lies" line on Umbridge while in the Ministry. , when Griphook asked Harry where he got the Sword of Gryffindor, Harry said "It\'s complicated." Griphook gave the same answer when Harry asked him why Bellatrix thought the sword would be inside the Lestrange vault. Done very subtly within the first ten minutes of : As the thousands upon thousands of letters begin to shoot down the Dursley\'s chimney, the camera begins to shake rather wildly to indicate that the house is being bombarded by scores of Hogwarts admittance letters. David Yates is a fan of Jitter Cam, apparently, as it\'s used in when Harry is pursuing Bellatrix in the field outside of the Burrow, and in in , particularly in the scene where Ron fights with Harry in the tent and leaves. Snape, Lucius Malfoy, Lockhart, Voldemort... Of course, Lockhart was a Large Ham even on the page. A rumour exists that when Kenneth Branagh was selected to play Lockhart, he, Alan Rickman (Snape) and Jason Isaacs (Malfoy) competed to see who could deliver the most porktacular performance that would make it into the final cut of the film. Jessie Cave as Lavender Brown hams it up, especially in the scene in the hospital wing. Bellatrix Lestrange. Helena Bonham-Carter completely does justice to her name in her portrayal of Bellatrix. McGonagall: Why is it that whenever something happens, it\'s Ron: I\'ve been asking myself that same question for the past six years. Dumbledore: You\'re probably wondering why I brought you here this evening. Harry: Actually, sir, after all these years, I tend to just go along with it. There is a build-up between Hermione and Ron in the books, but the movies downplay the Slap-Slap-Kiss and build them up as a couple earlier, averting the trope. It also manages to avert it for Harry and Ginny in the film version of by giving Ginny more screen time and giving them more scenes together and not having them break up at the end as they do in the book, making their being Happily Married in the epilogue a bit more believable. In the final movie Neville declares that he\'s crazy about Luna, which is contrary to what J.K. had happening to the two characters. That said, both Neville and Luna\'s actors stated they imagined Neville and Luna would only dated for a short time before realizing they were better as friends. Barty Crouch Jr. definitely seems to idolise Voldemort a bit too much. It\'s taken to the extreme , when Barty actually wipes blood off Harry\'s arm, saying that his blood now runs within the Dark Lord, before appearing to lick it off his finger. In the fifth film, Bellatrix licks her Dark Mark when she gets busted out of Azkaban. , the DA does this for Harry and Cho at their last meeting before Christmas. , Dumbledore does this for Ron and Hermione while Ron is in the infirmary. when Cho asks Harry to stay behind in the room of requirement, you can see Ginny stop disapprovingly in the background before continuing out the door. just before McGonagall animates the stone knights to defend Hogwarts you can see behind her Professor Slughorn drinking something. He\'s the potions master, it was undoubtedly something helpful like Felix Felicitis. Daniel Radcliffe had a few shirtless scenes scattered here and there. Even though he didn\'t show an ounce of skin, Jason Isaacs in a blonde wig seemed to be more than enough for many people. going to the D.A.\'s Christmas lesson, with Harry and Cho\'s kiss, to the group practicing Patronus Charms and being raided by Umbridge\'s Inquisitorial squad, to her and the Ministry confronting Dumbledore and his departure is enough Mood Whiplash to give any , the scene goes from funny with Ron being under the influence of the love potion to him convulsing and frothing at the mouth after drinking a poisonous tonic. , the Felix sequence is quickly sidelined by the sad story of Francis the fish. (throwing Harry into a tiny broom closet) Harry: Um, Miss Skeeter, it\'s a broom closet. Rita: Well, then, you should feel right at home. The last line could both be a reference to the fact that Harry used to sleep in a small cupboard under the stairs, or to the fact that he is a skilled broomstick rider. Double points bonus. In the fifth film, when they find the Room of Requirement, Ron queries whether it would appear as a bathroom if you really needed it. In the books, the first mention of the Room was when it appeared to Professor Dumbledore as a room full of chamberpots in (which didn\'t make it into the film version). A Nazi by Any Other Name: The "Death Eaters = Nazis" allegory is made quite clear in the books, but emphasized with the posters and pamphlets printed for the anti-Muggle, anti-Muggleborn campaigns; low-grade miserable looking workers in gray striped robes in the Ministry; and the Ministry\'s elite guard wearing blue Nazi-styled uniforms (arm-scarf included!) in \'s trailer shows Harry spitting out his water upon seeing girls from Beauxbatons when it\'s really Cho he\'s looking at! A good majority of the ads for the sixth movie consisted of wacky modern dance music in the background while trying to imply that it will be nothing but a wacky magical teen romantic comedy movie, which is , but that still doesn\'t excuse there being about... one commercial made that made any mention of, you know... Voldemort. Justified in that Voldemort is an outside presence in the film, just like the source material. A small and rather cruel one for the seventh film. There was a shot of Harry setting Hedwig free, implying that she wouldn\'t die like she did in the book. However, she ends up reappearing during the chase scene and tries to save Harry\'s life, but is hit with a killing curse. However, test screening viewers warned fans about this ahead of time. This was done rather sneakily with a few lines in trailers for the seventh and eighth film: most noticeably with some of Voldemort\'s lines: "I have seen your heart, and it is mine", which in both the book and film is Voldemort\'s locket Horcrux speaking to Ron, is used out of context to make it seem like Voldemort is talking to Harry. The frequently used sound byte "Bring him to me!" is always used with a shot of Harry, while in proper, it\'s Voldemort ordering Lucius to give him Snape. There\'s NYEEEEAAAAH! which was used only once by Voldemort in (after the Seven Potters chase), but shows up very frequently in the trailers for The trailers for Part 2 were partial to using Voldemort\'s line "Only can live forever." during shots of the final showdown with Harry. It\'s actually what Voldemort says right before cutting Snape\'s throat and ordering Nagini to attack. Obviously Evil: Absolutely no-one who is with the Death Eaters seems like they would fit in anywhere else. You have the guy with a snake face, the grovelling servant, the Ax-Crazy witch, the sneering rich blonde, and the guy who likes screaming and flailing his tongue around. Offscreen Moment of Awesome: Adaptation Distillation led to quite a few. , though you have to wonder just how boring they were if Harry\'s round helped him Win Back the Crowd. , when Umbridge realizes Runcorn is really Harry in disguise, just before he stupefies her. , Neville has a an Oh Crap look on his face when the barrier around Hogwarts fades, and hundreds of Voldemort\'s mooks come rushing towards the bridge he\'s guarding. during the second Triwizard Tournament challenge, after Harry fails to surface for air after taking the Gillyweed for a certain period of time, believing that he killed Harry. Yet Neville turned this around at the final battle during , on Voldemort nonetheless, when he slew Nagini with Gryffindor\'s sword. The deadlock between Harry and Voldemort ceased momentarily, and Voldemort, his face saying it all, realized that he doesn\'t have any Horcruxes left to rely on. , when he realizes that he is in the direct path of Dobby\'s cursed Bludger can only be described as this. Snape, when he realizes that Voldemort believes that Snape is the true master of the Elder Wand and thus Voldemort must kill him to gain the wand\'s allegiance. It ends badly for him. O.O.C. Is Serious Business: In the eighth film, when gentle Cloudcuckoolander Luna Lovegood yells "Harry Potter! You listen to me right now!", you know she really means it. The seventh film gives Harry an absolutely glorious one just before knocking Umbridge cold and stealing the locket horcrux back. Harry: You\'re lying, Dolores. And one mustn\'t tell lies. The eighth film has Molly\'s famous line before she kills Bellatrix, who was attacking Ginny: Pretty Boy: Lucius and Draco Malfoy, Tom Riddle. Punctuated! For! Emphasis!: About half of Snape\'s lines feature him emphasizing every word. features a private police force stationed in the Ministry of Magic after Voldemort takes over. They all wear red armbands. Subtle. Not to mention all of those anti-Muggleborn propaganda pamphlets. Albert Runcorn\'s leather trench coat, when combined with his duties and demeanour, give him the appearance of a Gestapo operative. From the seventh film, Bellatrix carves "mudblood" into Hermione\'s arm, much like how the Nazis tattooed numbers onto the skin of Jews during the Holocaust. You know, just in case the allegory was still too subtle at that point. The way the students at Hogwarts are marching at the beginning of the eighth movie evokes this. The Real Is Brown: After Chris Columbus stopped directing, the films all took a noticeably bleaker color palette. Especially once David Yates took over in (and stayed on as director for the remaining three films), all the movies seem to have been shot with a greyish-brown lens over the camera, symbolising the characters\' loss of innocence and feelings of pain and loss. , when Snape appears in the Astronomy Tower and tells Harry to be quiet. One must imagine this is why the "The Tale of the Three Brothers" was animated/CGI. Seamus Finnigan making everything explode (including his cauldron and a , where he mentions he doesn\'t do it on purpose, it just happens a fair bit, and in , when McGonagall tells Neville to rig the wooden bridge to blow, and she suggests he enlist the help of Seamus and his talent for pyrotechnics. Filch prematurely firing off the cannon before/during each round of the Triwizard Tournament in , accompanied by watching the Death Eaters and the Order of the Phoenix fight to the bitter end. films posses a set of scales with what appears to be a wand as the beam. . You can be forgiven for throwing your drink in the air when the inferi show up! . The post-Bathilda Nagini coming from downstairs after being "killed". Lupin has two long, thin scars across his face. , Bill Weasley\'s facial scars from Greyback\'s attack. , especially the outdoor scenes and the shots of the spiral staircase. (Maybe not so much scenery porn per se as cinematography porn — but as that isn\'t yet a recognized trope, this trope comes closest.) while Harry, Hermione, and Ron are on the run. The movie really loves long shots of the trio\'s campgrounds. The route of the Hogwarts Express is the West Highland Railway from Craigendoran via Fort William to Mallaig, Scotland, considered one of the most beautiful railway journeys in the world (and you can even ride behind a steam locomotive in the summer), with the Glenfinnan Viaduct , with the camera panning up from the students\' point-of-view on the lake, and again at the end of when the camera zooms out from the Great Hall. In the first movie, Quirrell collapses to dust, leaving his clothes to fall empty to the floor. In the third film, Pettigrew leaves behind his clothes after turning into a rat. Which is weird, seeing how Animagi always have clothes on when they turn human and McGonagall\'s cat form is noted to have markings around its eyes which resemble her glasses. In the book, this occurs at a different point, also with Pettigrew. After he framed Sirius for his death and turned into a rat, it\'s mentioned he left behind a pile of clothes and one finger. So... was he naked in the Shrieking Shack? Maybe they just conjure clothes when they turn human since they are wizards, after all. Ginny pops up only here and there for a few movies, leading to her being introduced as a young woman to be a bit of a shock. , when Harry uses the bath to figure out the secret of the egg. films feature several over their course: : Harry (several times over) during the clothes-changing in the "everyone Polyjuices into Harry" scene, and when he strips down to jump into the pond to get the sword. Ron also has one right after the trio escapes from the Ministry, but it flies straight into Fan Disservice when we see that his shoulder\'s laid open to the bone. : Harry and Ron changing into dry shirts after the trio emerges from the lake. During the reading of dead wizards and witches over the radio in , there is a dead witch named "Ebony Raven". The scene in the prelude of the Battle of Hogwarts with McGonagall enchanting the castle\'s "statues" and armory is reminiscent of the climax of One of the posters has Harry and Voldemort\'s heads staring at each other with a wand between them, à la the The song "Double Trouble" in the third film uses lines chanted by the three witches in Act IV, Scene 1 of A meta-example from the same movie: Gary Oldman and Timothy Spall had both previously played the character of Rosencrantz. Ron and Lavender in the sixth film after Gryffindor wins the Quidditch cup. Averted from the books with Harry and Ginny. They still kiss, but under different circumstances. Ron and Hermione finally snog after destroying the cup Horcrux. After being drenched by a tsunami. adds an Innocent Innuendo to a snowy, wintry scene between Ron and Hermione. One of the few times we see a picture of James and Lily Potter, they\'re dancing in the snow. , Hedwig looks like she\'d be about to get this, when Harry lets her fly away, where in the books, she got hit by a stray curse while in her cage. Subverted when she flies back and takes a blow for him. However, test screening viewers told fans what would happen, so it wasn\'t unexpected when it did. Vincent Crabbe, whose actor wasn\'t available for the movie, so Goyle was the one to die by Fiendfyre. Voldemort does not kill Grindelwald, who tells him where the Elder Wand is unlike in the book. seems to spare Barty Crouch Jr., as we do not see what happens to him after the interrogation scene and he is never seen again. In the book he is given the Dementor\'s Kiss. When Apparating, Death Eaters are dark smoke and Order members are streaks of white light. Don\'t ask why (as the more standard one from the books also appears), but it looks cool. Also falls under Color-Coded Characters. The (Slytherin to a man) villains tend to use a lot of green Avada Kedavra spells, while the (almost entirely Gryffindor) heroes stick to red Expelliarmus and Stupefy spells. Harry\'s scar is somewhat used as this, as in each film, the pain it inflicts indicates that Voldemort is particularly angry/happy. In the eighth movie, Harry seems to use this to recognize horcruxes. This plugs the Plot Hole caused by cutting out the dialogue where Dumbledore theorized what they might be. , which not only deflects bombardment for a while, but actually to ward off mass quantities of Dementors, also has this visual effect. Harry\'s memories in the fifth film are footage from earlier scenes in that same film and from the previous four installments. -style into the Mirror of Erised scene from the first movie. And in a nice moment between Harry and Sirius, to which he says, "I may vomit." In the eighth movie, scenes from the other seven are used for Horcrux flashbacks and Snape\'s Pensieve memories. Sword Cane: A variation. Lucius Malfoy has his wand concealed in his pimp cane. See Throw It In! on the Trivia subpage. Teleport Spam: Apparition is given a more offensively oriented smoke-like form that plays a major role in the climaxes of the David Yates films. Terrible Trio: Malfoy, Crabbe, and Goyle (based off the books). Although in the final film, Crabbe is replaced by Zabini. Timeshifted Actor: Baby Harry in the first and last movies; the various actors to play Tom Riddle (with 16-year-old Voldemort played by two different actors); the young Marauders, Snape, Lily, and Petunia. Tiny Schoolboy: Harry ends up the shortest in his trio of friends because Daniel Radcliffe grew to be 5\'5". trailer spoils just about every major plot point, excluding Horcruxes and Dumbledore\'s death. movies starts with the part where Harry is by himself confronting Voldemort and his followers in the Forbidden Forest and Voldemort using the "Killing Curse" on him! shows Ron crying over his brother Fred\'s dead body while Harry\'s V.O. says "I never wanted any of you to die for me." Another trailer shows Harry in the Forbidden Forest talking to his mother, father, Sirius, and Lupin, who are all supposed to be dead, but now brought back to life by the Resurrection Stone! The fourth showed that Harry\'s name comes out of the goblet. For the third, the trailer with Harry shouting "expecto patronum" very loudly likely makes obvious what is going to happen for those far enough into the movie to have already heard Harry\'s quieter "expecto patronum" shouts. Urban Fantasy: It\'s easy to forget, but these movies takes place in 1990s Britain and feature a magical community interacting with muggles to at least some degree. Toyed with near the end of the fifth movie when Voldemort "coaches" Harry on how to use the Cruciatus Curse on Bellatrix. Used near the end of the first when Voldemort tries to turn Harry in an attempt to get the Sorcerer\'s/Philosopher\'s stone. "CinemaSins Narrator: Voldemort offers an Empire, but Harry strikes back." World of Ham: Just about damn near EVERY adult actor. , Alan Rickman, Jason Isaacs, and Kenneth Branagh were apparently embroiled in a contest to see who could "out-ham" the others the most. Jason Isaacs recalls sitting next to Branagh in their makeup chairs one day and he asked Isaacs how he was doing. Isaacs confessed his acting may have been "too big." Branagh replied "Look up at my heels." It\'s pretty damn clear with every line she speaks in that Helena Bonham-Carter is now the undisputed ruler of Ham World! Except for the sequence where she pretends to be Hermione\'s poor impression of Bellatrix, where she does a good job of being Emma Watson pretending to be someone else, who is pretending to be someone else. , David Tennant holds his own ground as incredibly hammy as a fellow psychopath. Especially his facial expressions. In an interview with Entertainment Weekly, Helen McCrory joked that all of the adult actors hammed it up as revenge for having their subplots cut. Lockhart is not heard from again after accidentally casting the memory charm on himself in . In a later novel, Harry and co bump into Lockhart when they visit Arthur Weasley at St Mungo\'s, where he spends his days signing autographs, though he doesn\'t remember why. . Timothy Spall was originally intended to reprise the role in , suggesting that he was intended to be killed off anyway, but his part ended up being cut. Some believe Dobby\'s attack killed him, or that he is among those killed by Voldemort at the beginning of Part 2 after the Gringotts scene. Crabbe fits this trope when he doesn\'t appear in (where Goyle does), although there was a reason the filmmakers cut him out (his actor Jamie Waylett was arrested for possession of drugs). Still, it wouldn\'t have been too hard to at least give mention to him in the Room of Requirement scene. clicking on ".more" toggles class "visible" on "#popover" Original Harry Potter Half-Blood Prince costumes on display MuggleMix - A Harry Potter fansite - Deathly Hallows, Half-Blood Prince etc. my new Hogwarts club Harry Potter franchise - tropes अगला "Harry Potter" फिल्में coming in 3D (Reuters)	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line227
__label__wiki	0.757547	0.757547	The next Trump family business: 2020 reelection 12 hours ago Home Ontd Political Some white woman calls Michelle “an ape in heels”. Some white woman calls Michelle “an ape in heels”. A nonprofit group’s director and a mayor in a small town in West Virginia have been swept up in a firestorm surrounding comments about Michelle Obama that have been perceived as blatantly racist. After Trump’s election as president, Pamela Ramsey Taylor, who was director of Clay County Development Corp. in Clay, a tiny town outside Charleston, reportedly posted about the move from Michelle Obama to Melania Trump on Facebook, saying: “It will be so refreshing to have a classy, beautiful, dignified First Lady back in the White House. I’m tired of seeing a Ape in heels,” according to NBC affiliate WSAZ. The news station reported that the town’s mayor, Beverly Whaling, then replied, “Just made my day Pam.” The comments were later deleted, but images of the post have been shared widely on social media. As of Monday afternoon, an online petition calling for the women’s terminations had garnered more than 14,000 signatures. Both of their Facebook pages have been removed, according to the Charleston Gazette-Mail. Two-tenths of 1 percent of Clay County’s residents are African American, according to census data. More than three-quarters of the presidential votes cast in the county went to Trump. The two women have apologized for their remarks. “My comment was not intended to be racist at all,” Whaling said in a statement to The Washington Post. “I was referring to my day being made for change in the White House! I am truly sorry for any hard feeling this may have caused! Those who know me know that I’m not of any way racist! (“I have a black friend!”) “Again, I would like to apologize for this getting out of hand!” (lmao) Taylor could not be reached for comment, but WSAZ reported that she had issued an apology on Facebook. However, Taylor told the news station that the public response had become a “hate crime against me,” explaining that she and her children had received death threats. She said she is planning to file a lawsuit against people who have slandered or libeled her, according to the news station. A representative of Clay County Development Corp., a nonprofit funded with state and federal money, said the board “removed” Taylor from her position as director and appointed Leslie McGlothlin to take her place. McGlothlin did not immediately respond to a request for comment. Clay Town Councilman Jason Hubbard told the Charleston Gazette-Mail that the town will address the incident at a council meeting Tuesday night. How dare she insult the queen 🙁 Source: ONTD_Political Tags: calls, heels., Michelle, some, White, Woman Jimmy Morales meeting with Trump at White House postponed American Woman Loses Custody Battle for Daughter in Saudi Arabia Rally calls on Lawrence to be declared sanctuary city Karem Threatens Gorka in White House Rose Garden. Inside the Beltway: ‘Far right troll convention’ at the White House E.U. Ministers, Scrambling to Save Iran Nuclear Deal, Say Breaches Are Still Not Major Trump demands higher standards for ‘Made in America’ goods And Then There Was One: Three People Lived in This Village Until Two Were Murdered.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line230
__label__wiki	0.711811	0.711811	International Council on English Braille (ICEB) Braille promotion Quick links to other pages: ICEB Home, ICEB Committees, Contact Us, Site Map Quick links on this page: Outreach activities, ICEB and braille news, Braille news stories, Getting involved with ICEB Braille is the primary literacy medium for people who are blind, deafblind, or have severe low vision. Braille literacy is linked strongly with better employment rates, independence and life satisfaction. ICEB urges comprehensive support and provision of braille in every facet of life where access to printed information is important. This includes the teaching of braille to children with severe vision impairment and adults with acquired vision loss; braille literacy for vision support teaching staff and parents of children who use braille; affordable access to braille technology such as refreshable braille displays; provision of print materials in braille or accessible text format; adherence to national and international standards for braille size, codes and formatting; quality braille signage for wayfinding; and braille labelling of products. Survey on international use of Unified English Braille ICEB currently has eight member countries, all of which have adopted Unified English Braille (UEB) as their national standard, however there are many more countries that produce English braille. To find out more about the use of UEB internationally, ICEB is conducting a very brief survey. If you are able to provide information about the use of UEB in a country that is not a member of ICEB, please go to www.surveymonkey.com/r/VKPXR7H or contact us at info@iceb.org. Only one response is required per country. Setting up a braille authority A braille authority acts as a national focus for braille. While governance and structure may differ from one country to the next, all braille authorities serve to bring together touch readers, braille teachers and braille producers with the common goal of promoting literacy through braille for all blind people. Having a braille authority is also a necessary requirement for countries wishing to become Full Members of ICEB. Setting up a braille authority is a document produced by ICEB to assist countries to establish their own braille authorities. It provides some questions to consider and some braille authority structures to review. The document is available for download in Word format: Setting up a braille authority - Word format Our thanks to Mary Schnackenberg, a Past President of ICEB, for compiling this valuable document. Low-cost braille production The ICEB Guidelines for Small Braille Production Units (2012) provide practical advice for small braille production/resource centres, particularly those in developing countries where it is not easy to access relevant information and support when starting up and running such a centre. The guidelines cover equipment, software, skills and copyright considerations in addition to basic production methods for braille transcription, editing, formatting and embossing. The document is available here for free download: ICEB Guidelines for Small Braille Production Units - Word format ICEB Guidelines for Small Braille Production Units - BRF format Our thanks to Jean Obi, an executive member of ICEB and trustee of the Braille Advancement Association of Nigeria (BRAAN), for her work in creating this document. ICEB and braille news ICEB-announce list The ICEB-announce list is a one-way listserv for distribution of important announcements and documents from ICEB, including the ICEB newsletter and updates to Unified English Braille. Sign up by sending an email to iceb-announce+subscribe@groups.io or enter your email address in the box below. Subscribe to our group ICEB newsletter ICEB has launched a quarterly newsletter with up-to-date stories on ICEB activities, and braille news and events from around the world. ICEB newsletter issue 3, June 2019 - BRF (braille) ICEB newsletter issue 3, June 2019 - PDF (print) ICEB newsletter issue 3, June 2019 - Word (print) ICEB newsletter issue 2, March 2019 - BRF (braille) ICEB newsletter issue 2, March 2019 - PDF (print) ICEB newsletter issue 2, March 2019 - Word (print) ICEB newsletter issue 1, December 2018 - BRF (braille) ICEB newsletter issue 1, December 2018 - PDF (print) If you have stories or items to share with our community through the newsletter, please contact ICEB Public Relations officer Leona Holloway at aba@printdisability.org. Braille in the news ICEB regularly shares news stories relating to braille through its twitter account @ICEBbraille and facebook page at facebook.com./ICEBbraille/. An archive of the most interesting of these braille news stories is available at iceb.org/PRupdates. Getting involved with ICEB ICEB provides a forum for international cooperation among national standard setting bodies on English language braille, and to collaborate as appropriate with other organizations which have an interest in the standardization, teaching, promotion or dissemination of braille. Membership in ICEB provides the opportunity to participate in and benefit from ICEB activities such as the maintenance and further development of Unified English Braille and ICEB meetings. Membership also provides an invaluable opportunity to form close working relationships with other ICEB members and related bodies such as the World Braille Council. Full Membership in ICEB is open to all nations in which English is a major language and/or in which there is a substantial use of English-language braille, and which have a national standard-setting body for braille. Full members have the right to send a delegation to the ICEB General Assembly, which takes place every four years. They are also entitled to representation on the Executive Committee and can appoint a voting member to each of the ICEB working committees. Each Full Member of ICEB pays an annual subscription of US$500 to support operational costs. Associate Membership is open to all nations that do not meet the criteria for Full Membership, as well as to organizations and individuals. Associate Members do not have voting rights in ICEB but are welcome to participate in discussions. Each Associate Member pays an annual subscription of US$300. To request membership of ICEB, please complete the ICEB Full Membership Form or the ICEB Associate Membership Form. For Full Membership, the request must come from the nation’s braille standard-setting body and include a statement of its willingness to abide by the Constitution, Bylaws, and Policies of ICEB. For Associate Membership, the request must cite compliance with the purposes of ICEB and observer membership obligations. Organizations or individuals wishing to become Associate Members must also seek approval from their national braille standards-setting body if they have one. ICEB contact information Page content last updated: June 27, 2019.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line234
__label__wiki	0.754967	0.754967	F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T Nightly Business Report The president says $9 an hour is what it will take to lift working Americans above the poverty line. NBR's Darren Gersh takes a look at whether the President's plan can work. Gridlock in Washington may be one issue weighing on the markets. D Nature "Cold Warriors: Wolves and Buffalo" Canada's Wood Buffalo National Park straddles the province of Alberta and the Northwest Territories and is five times the size of Yellowstone National Park. Filmmaker Jeff Turner follows the ancient hunter-prey relationship of the two animals through the seasons, capturing the time-honored hunting strategies employed by the wolves and the evasive tactics of the buffalo with the aid of an aerial camera and a single land-based one.G NOVA "Earth from Space" This special reveals a new space-based vision of Earth. Produced in consultation with NASA scientists, the film takes data from Earth-observing satellites and transforms them into dazzling visual sequences, each one exposing the intricate web of forces that sustain life on Earth. The techniques reveal how dust blown from the Sahara fertilizes the Amazon; how a submarine "waterfall" off Antarctica helps drive ocean currents; and how the sun's heating of the southern Atlantic gives birth to a powerful hurricane.G Make Me "Smart" Medically trained television producer and presenter Mike Mosley tries techniques to boost his brain, including a groundbreaking neurofeedback procedure. He also participates in an alternative intelligence test; competes in the world memory championships in Bahrain; meets America's "most intelligent man"; and attends an institute claiming to teach babies to read.G Lark Rise to Candleford Tensions rise between Dorcas and Sir Timothy; she plans to sell the Post Office and travel. Philip becomes increasingly possessive of Laura and she expresses doubts about their relationship. Robert refuses to reveal the identity of the poacher to Sir Timothy. Zillah's friends and neighbors gather at the Post Office to celebrate her birthday.G Midsomer Murders "Ring Out Your Dead, Part 2" One note left with the body of a bell ringer is different. It alludes to a long-ago incident in Midsomer Wellow's past. Barnaby and Troy must find the connection between this note and a past Midsomer Wellow murder to stop one villager's quest for bloody revenge. Part 2 of 2G Masterpiece Classic "Downton Abbey (S3 E6)" Change arrives in a big way for several key characters at Downton Abbey. A yearly cricket match with the village sees old scores settled and new plots hatched. Part 6 of 7G DCI Banks "Strange Affair" When DCI Alan Banks receives a disturbing message from his brother Roy, he drops everything to find him, just as new recruit DI Helen Morton finds evidence linking Banks to the body of a murder victim.G Cyberchase "Send in the Clones" The kids use multiplication to keep track of all the Delete clones that are taking over cybersite..G Lidia's Italy In America "Chicago: Chicago's Chicken Vesuvio" Lidia travels to the Windy City to visit Caputo's, a family-owned Italian grocery in Elmwood Park, a very Italian suburb of Chicago. Lidia also brings her viewers for a stroll along the main thoroughfare of Chicago's Little Italy, Taylor Street, which is currently undergoing a major Renaissance. Grandma joins Lidia in the kitchen as her taste-tester, while Lidia prepares Cauliflower Soup and Chicken Vesuvio. D Cook's Country from America's Test Kitchen "Chicken for Everyone!" NULL Pati's Mexican Table "School Lunch with a Mexican Twist" The same foods that parents pack into a hearty school lunch in Mexico are perfect for school lunchtime in America. These dishes are so tasty and filling, even grownups will want to take them to work! Street-Style Cut-Up Fruits and Vegetables; Ham and Cheese Torta Sandwiches; Juju's Birthday Cake (with a Brownie Twist). D Christina "Trick Or Treat" It's that time of year when the air is crisp and little goblins and grown up ghosts want to indulge their sweet tooth. In this class, we'll discover ways to trick your own little monsters into treating themselves to healthy sweets, from chocolate to candied apples.with a little fun magic as well!. D Ask This Old House "Caring for Orchids as Houseplants/Purchasing a Kitchen Wall Cabinet" Landscape contractor Roger Cook visits a tropical botanic garden to learn how to care for orchids as houseplants. Then, Roger, along with host Kevin O'Connor, plumbing and heating expert Richard Trethewey and general contractor Tom Silva, asks, "What is it?" Afterward, Tom helps a homeowner purchase and install a kitchen wall cabinet. D Rick Steves' Europe "European Travel Skills, Part 2" Rick's travel tips includes planning an itinerary, hurdling the language barrier, traveling by car or train and avoiding scams. Part 2 of 3G Equitrekking "Colorado" At the Colorado Cattle Company in Northern Colorado, Equitrekking host Darley Newman participates in "Dream Week," learning to ride championship cutting horses with expert Teddy Johnson. In Southern Colorado, Darley rides up to over 12,000 feet in San Juan National Forest with native Anne Rapp. The ride to Engineer Mountain takes Darley through alpine meadows, steep mountain passes and open expanses where views reach all the way to New Mexico. D Mexico -- One Plate at a Time with Rick Bayless "Presenting: World-Class Wines of Baja" Baja California Norte produces many world-class, gold medal-winning wines. That fact may surprise most people in the United States. Rick takes us on a tour of the region along with renowned winemaker and visionary Hugo d'Acosta, founder of La Escuelita, a nonprofit winemaking school that opened in 2004. D Caprial and John's Kitchen: Cooking for Family and Friends "Rediscovering Green Beans" Caprial and John use sweet, new varieties to create green bean salad, roasted green beans and blanched green beans with garlic and lemon.G Faith in the Hood Faith in the Hood is a compelling portrait of the inner city, seen through the prism of the spiritual life of its people. Southeast is the poorest neighborhood in Washington, D.C. with only one sit-down restaurant. D Frontline "Cliffhanger" This February, as the nation faces yet another round of fiscal crises, FRONTLINE investigates the inside history of how Washington has failed to solve the country's problems of debt and deficit. Drawing on interviews with key players in Congress and the White House, FRONTLINE goes behind the scenes to show how a clash of politics and personalities has taken the nation's economy to the edge of the "fiscal cliff," and now to a second round of standoffs over the debt ceiling and sequestration. The film explores the deep ideological divide inside the Republican Party and the struggle between House Majority Leader Eric Cantor and House Speaker John Boehner as they take on President Obama and the Democrats. D Martha Speaks "Martha Speaks Martha's Worst Best Day/Truman's Brother" Martha's Worst Best Day - Why is Martha so grumpy? She's offended just about everybody with her insults. Truman's Brother - Truman and TD both wish they had a brother. If Skits and Martha can be sort of siblings, why can't the two of them?G Curious George "George's Home Run/Monkey On Ice" George's Home Run - While Marco tries to hit his first Little League home run, George gets to play scorekeeper. Unfortunately, he can't remember the order of the numbers, so he isn't getting it quite right. Marco helps out by using a catchy song to teach George how to count from 1-10 and then George returns the favor by agreeing to be a pinch runner for an injured Marco. D Cat in the Hat Knows A Lot About That! "When I Grow Up/Doing It Differently" When I Grow Up - Sally and Nick are trying to guess what they'll be when they grow up when the Cat drops in for a visit. Cat is sure Nick and Sally will never guess what his friend Puggle will be when she grows up. When they see her, they start guessing right away! A frog? A duck? No, a beaver! They discover that, while Puggle may have some similarities to other creatures, she will grow up to be a duck billed platypus! Doing It Differently - Nick and Sally can't seem to find Harvey the guinea pig. D Super Why! "Hansel and Gretel: A Healthy Adventure" The team convinces a witch to trade her gingerbread house for something delicious and nutritious.G Dinosaur Train "Buck-Tooth Bucky/Tiny's Tiny Friend" Buck-Tooth Bucky - When Don finds a mystery tooth in Dad's old tooth collection, Dad decides to take the kids on an investigation. They discover that the tooth belongs to a dinosaur called Masiakasaurus, a creature with a mouthful of protruding buck teeth! Tiny's Tiny Friend - Tiny gets upset when she finds a miniature mammal named Cindy Cimolestes has moved into her "Tiny Place," a hole in a tree near the family nest. Buddy ends up using his sharp eyes to help Cindy find a new home that more perfectly fits her small size. D Sesame Street "The Good Bird's Club" Big Bird receives an invitation to join the Good Birds Club. On his way to join he sings about how happy he is to be himself. When Big Bird meets the president of the club, he ridicules Big Bird because of his physical appearance. D Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood "Something Special for Dad/I Love You, Mom" Something Special for Dad - Daniel notices how happy Dad is to have received a letter from Grandpere. Daniel really loves Dad, so he decides to send him a letter that will make him glad too. He goes to the Post Office with Mom, where he learns how letters are sorted and mailed. D Sid The Science Kid "My Ice Pops" Sid wakes up and discovers that his ice pops melted! This sticky situation leads him to ask," Why do things have to melt?" After investigating at school, Sid learns that if liquids don't stay in a really cold place, they slowly melt over time. He also discovers that liquids can freeze into solid ice and then melt right back into liquid. D WordWorld "Pl-Pl-Plane/Mail Mix Up" Pl-Pl-Plane: Frog and the Bug Band are headed to have some fun on the beach, but not everything goes as Frog had planned. Frog loses the letters "PL" from his plane and must search through the jungle to find them. After some crazy jungle adventures (including a run-in with a giant Frog-kissing plant), Frog realizes that fun doesn't always have to be planned! Mail Mix Up: Duck offers to help Kangaroo deliver letters to his WordFriends, but he forgets Kangaroo's instructions and delivers the wrong letters to everyone. D Caillou "Caillou The Musician" Caillou Plays the Drums - Clementine's big brother Billy has a new drum set and is having lots of fun playing as loud as he can. He won't let Clementine and Caillou play his drums though, because he says they're not grown up enough. The two friends set out to prove him wrong, and once they put on their 'grownup costumes' he finally relents and lets them play. D Barney & Friends "The Big Garden/Get Happy!" The Big Garden - Baby Bop wants Barney, BJ and the kids to play with her instead of working in their garden. They promise to play with her as soon as they finish. Baby Bop can't wait, and tries many ways to get them to come play with her now, none of which work. D Thomas & Friends "Exciting Friends" Gordon and Ferdinand - Sir Topham Hatt welcomes Ferdinand to his railroad by letting him share Gordon's special. They will be taking the Lion of Sodor to the Summer House and Ferdinand will be Gordon's back engine, which Gordon isn't happy about. They pass workmen who cheer for Ferdinand (not for Gordon or the Lion of Sodor!). D	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line236
__label__wiki	0.853024	0.853024	ALL (PT) F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S Pacific Time Globe Trekker "Globe Trekker Special: World History-England" After dodging swords at a re-enactment of the Battle of Hastings, Justine Shapiro travels up the coast to the Royal Pavilion in Brighton. Passing through London, she takes a canal ride to the Yorkshire Moores. Her next stop is Whitby, the eerie coastal town that inspired Bram Stoker to write Dracula.G Sky Island The volcanic Jemez Mountains of New Mexico rise more than a mile above the surrounding high desert, like an island in the sky. Environmental filmmaker John Grabowska profiles the landscape and humankind's place within it, where the effects of climate change are already transforming the desert and alpine ecosystems. Author and poet N. Scott Momaday and actress Meryl Streep narrate the stunning images of this formation, which encompasses the Bandelier National Monument and the Valles Caldera.G Dialogue "Colum McCann: Conversations from the Sun Valley Writers' Conference" Marcia Franklin talks with Colum McCann, author of Let the Great World Spin. The book, which has been called the "first great 9/11 novel," won the 2009 National Book Award for fiction, and was Amazon.com's 2009 Book of the Year. The interview is part of Dialogue's ongoing "Conversations from the Sun Valley Writers' Conference" and was taped at the 2011 conference.G Idaho Reports 2013 Host Greg Hahn, with a panel of news professionals, plus political analysts, examines the week's events at the Idaho Legislature.G Pacific Heartbeat "Papa Mau: The Wayfinder" In 1974, Hawaiians sailed the traditional voyaging canoe from Hawai'i to Tahiti and proved to the world that their ancestors had explored the vast expanse of the Pacific Ocean by navigating with the stars. This is the story of the critical role that master navigator Mau Piailug played in that voyage, and the rebirth of Polynesian unity and pride that followed. The canoe was built by members of the newly formed Polynesian Voyaging Society, who dreamed of sailing in the way of their ancestors. Shortly thereafter, a search began for someone who could teach them the art of non-instrument navigation, which had been all but lost until they met Micronesian-born Mau, who agreed to share his knowledge.G The Electric Company "Off Target" A neighborhood kid, Marcus Barnes, has just found out he has the wordball power.well, kind of. The Electric Company tries to help Marcus improve his wordball throwing skills so he can join them. D Cyberchase "True Colors" Hacker becomes a good guy! Can this possibly be true? A new, reformed Hacker runs for election against Motherboard, claiming to have done five good deeds, and promising to turn over a new leaf. Can the kids find a counter example that proves Hacker is lying -- or will he be elected the new ruler of cyberspace? Guest voice: Al Roker as "Sam Vander Rom." The Big Idea: When people use words like always, never, all, or none to claim something is true, be suspicious! Such claims are often false, and you need only a single counter example to disprove them. D Lidia's Italy In America "Sicily In New York City" The Sicilians were a large immigrant community in lower Manhattan and other areas of New York City, and they brought with them several dishes from their homeland. Today, Lidia celebrates the Sicilians with a Stuffed Calamari Dish and a Broccoli with Garlic and Anchovies. She then makes a Cappuccino Cake which she actually discovered in New Orleans - another locale with a very large Sicilian population. D Cook's Country from America's Test Kitchen "Grilling" Bridget shows Chris how to make Grilled Thin-Cut Pork Chops and Grilled Potato Hobo Packs. Then, Adam reveals his top picks for grill tongs. Next, Chris shares the test kitchen's top new gadgets, and finally, Julia uncovers the secrets to Grilled Lemon Chicken. D Christina "Wake Up and Smell The Toast" It's time, people. Enough excuses; enough procrastinating. It's time to take control of your health by controlling what you put in your mouth. D This Old House "Essex 2012/13, from Our House to Daryl's House" Kevin points out the exterior details that bring the outside into the sunroom, like the slate floor tile installer Mark Ferrante is laying. Parged plaster, salvaged hearth tile and carefully stained quarter-sawn oak floors all work to revive the look of the original cottage. Norm visits music icon and old house buff Daryl Hall at his antique home and studio. D Rick Steves' Europe "Portugal's Heartland" Rick eats barnacles in an old fishing town, marches with pilgrims, and views riches of the country's Golden Age.G Travelscope "Newfoundland - Winter/Summer" Joseph travels to Canada's eastern-most province in winter and summer in search of cultural, scenic and wildlife adventures.G Simply Ming "Blue Ginger Chefs" On this episode of SIMPLY MING, Ming takes us behind-the-scenes to meet his James Beard Award-Winning Blue Ginger Team. Putting his own chefs to the challenge with surprise ingredients and a visit to his studio pantry, Ming and company cook up three separate dishes fit for a king. D Taste of Louisiana with Chef John Folse & Co.: Our Food Heritage "St. Joseph's Day Altars" Not only did the Italians bring a tremendous work ethic to Louisiana, they came with a love of family and an incredible faith. The St. Joseph Day altars are a true testament to their strong beliefs. D Destinos: An Introduction to Spanish "Inolvidable (Unforgettable)" This episode includes a history of the Tango, a glimpse of the life of writer Jose Luis Borges and a general overview of the culture and history of Argentina.G Destinos: An Introduction to Spanish "Estimada Sra. Suarez (Dear Mrs. Suarez)" This episode reviews the vocabulary and sights of Raquel's visit to Buenos Aires.G American Masters "Phil Ochs: There But for Fortune" One of the most politically active singer-songwriters to emerge in the 1960s anti-Vietnam War era, Phil Ochs was inspired by Woody Guthrie and Pete Seeger, but also by Elvis Presley and John Wayne. Ochs was vocal and visible, at political rallies, the Newport Folk Festival, and the 1968 Democratic Convention in Chicago. His protest lyrics - witty, topical, insightful and slightly haunting - are inseparable from those times.G American Masters "Joan Baez: How Sweet The Sound" In the first comprehensive documentary to chronicle the private life and public career of Joan Baez, this film examines her history as a recording artist and performer as well as her unwavering journey as the conscience of a generation. Following her 2008/2009 world tour, the filmmakers captured Baez in performance and in conversations with individuals whose lives parallel hers. From a reunion with Vaclav Havel in Slovakia to a stop in Sarajevo, Bosnia, to revisit the scene of her trip to the war-torn city, to Nashville, Tennessee, where she joined Steve Earle (collaborator on her 2008 Grammy-nominated album Day After Tomorrow), the film allows viewers an unprecedented level of access to Baez, who is joined in the film by Bob Dylan, David Crosby, Roger McGuinn, Bonnie Raitt, Jackson Browne and Reverend Jesse Jackson, among others. D Nightly Business Report Tonight on Nightly Business Report, the controversial bank bailout on the tiny Mediterranean island of Cyprus is raising a lot of eyebrows. Mohamed El-Erian, CEO of Pimco, the world's largest bond investment company, tells NBR why it matters to you. And, economist and New York Times columnist Paul Krugman weighs in on the U.S. D Outdoor Idaho "St. Joe River Country" Part of the nation's Wild and Scenic river system, North Idaho's shadowy St. Joe has witnessed steamboats, log drives, ghost towns and rafters.G Arthur "Fernlets By Fern/Prunella and the Haunted Locker" Fernlets by Fern - As part of her latest business venture, Muffy talks Fern into writing poems for a new line of greeting cards which becomes the hit of Elwood City. But booming business causes Fern to burn out. Can Fern and Muffy find a way to make writing fun again? Prunella and the Haunted Locker - Prunella is assigned a new school locker, which is rumored to be haunted! She refuses to believe it. D Martha Speaks "Td's Magic/Scaredy Cat" TD's Magic - TD has found the best birthday gift of all time for his cousin CD: He's going to put on a magic show at his party. He wants to really "wow" the crowd, so the bigger the trick, the better. But what happens when his magic gets out of control? Vocabulary: (E) feat, rational(ly), vanish, illusion, dubious (I) disappear, magic, appear, explanation, powers. D Curious George "Curious George, Dog Counter/Squirrel for a Day" Curious George, Dog Counter - It's Dog Show Day! George and Professor Wiseman spend the day with all kinds of different dogs: big, small, hairy.and hungry. With the help of his sandwich, George tempts the winning dogs to follow him home to show The Man with the Yellow Hat. D Cat in the Hat Knows A Lot About That! "Flight of the Penguin/Let's Go Fly A Kite" Flight of the Penguin - Sally and Nick are pretending to fly in their backyard. Oh wouldn't it be great if they really could? The Cat in the Hat brings them to meet his good friend Percy the penguin. After a fun race with a penguin and a bird, the kids learn that not all birds fly, but that doesn't mean they aren't fast! Let's Go Fly a Kite - Sally, Nick and the Cat are trying to fly a kite, but there's not enough wind. D Super Why! "The Big Game" Whyatt wants to play baseball better, but he keeps missing the ball. The superhero readers jump into The Big Game and join some fairytale heroes gearing up for their big soccer match against their storybook foes. With the help of Super Why and his friends, Cinderella and her team work on their game skills to prevent the Big Bad Wolf's team from huffing, puffing and blowing them right off the field!G Dinosaur Train "Dinosaur Train Submarine: Otto Opthalmosaurus/King Meets Crystal" When the Pteranodon family takes the Dinosaur Train under the sea to visit their friend Elmer Elasmosaurus, they learn that the Elasmosaurus family is going away from the station to follow their food, the fish. Buddy wants to follow, but the train tunnel doesn't go that way - so the Conductor decides to take the family in a brand-new invention, the Dinosaur Train Submarine! On their journey, they meet a marine reptile called Otto Opthalmosaurus, who guides the submarine deeper than it's ever been, and even helps them find their way out of a sea cave. During a day at Troodon Town Music Festival, the Pteranodon family and King Cryolophosaurus hear a wonderful singer named Crystal Cryolophosaurus. D Sesame Street "Letter R Mystery" Detective Alfie Betts is on vacation at Sesame Street and is enjoying a plate of raisin raspberry ravioli when Telly rushes in very upset because his robot and remote are missing. Then Leela enters looking for her rake and roses. When the raisin raspberry ravioli disappears, too, Detective Alfie Betts decides it's time to investigate to find out why things keep going missing. D Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood "You Are Special/Daniel Is Special" You are Special: The children are putting on a show at school today, each doing something that makes them special. O the Owl wants to be just like the others and, with a little encouragement, he learns that owls are special too. Daniel is Special: Daniel and Dad take a fall walk through the neighborhood, admiring the colors of the leaves. D Sid The Science Kid "The Broken Wheel" When a wheel falls off Sid's favorite toy truck, he tapes it back on. But now the wheel won't spin, and Sid wonders how exactly wheels work? At school, Sid explores how wheels are simple machines that help move all kinds of things like cars, trains, tricycles, and even toy trucks!. D WordWorld "Kite Flight/Hide and Seek" Kite Flight - When Frog sails away on a big kite he built, it's up to Duck and Shark to save him. Luckily for the WordFriends, Kangaroo comes along just in time to help. Will her knowledge about the letter K rescue Frog and get them all home safely? Hide and Seek - The WordFriends play a game of Hide and Seek where they have to hide behind WordThings that end in "ake. D Caillou "Caillou Explores" Caillou's Shadow: Caillou likes it when Miss Martin calls him a "shadow scientist".so much so, he's afraid to admit he doesn't know everything about shadows! When Caillou's curiosity gets the better of him, he learns it's much easier to find the answers you're looking for when you ask questions. Educational Objective: Not being afraid to ask questions; deductive reasoning. D Barney & Friends "Best In Show and the Chase" Best in Show: When the kids decide to have a Dog Show to show off their pets, BJ feels a little left out. He doesn't have a dog, and he sure wishes he did! A friend from the park shares her dog with BJ so he can join in the fun. Everyone has a great time and realizes that all of their dogs are winners! Educational theme: Sharing. D Thomas & Friends "Marvelous Moments!" Thomas is asked by Farmer Trotter to collect some straw for the piglets, which are soon to be born. But on the way, Thomas sees other things he thinks the piglets will like. He soon discovers all the piglets really need is straw and rushes off to correct his mistake in time for the piglets' arrival. D	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line237
__label__wiki	0.845533	0.845533	T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S Antiques Roadshow UK "Bishop Auckland 1" Michael Aspel and the team converge on County Durham where items uncovered include a set of skeleton keys used for a daring POW escape in World War II, and a simple jug found in the rubbish that is valued at nearly $16,000.G Rick Steves' Europe "Norway's West: Fjords, Mountains and Bergen" Rick sails under towering fjord cliffs, hikes on glaciers and finds surviving traditions in remote farm hamlets. He delves into Hanseatic heritage and takes in the salty hospitality of Norway's historic capitol, Bergen.G The Lawrence Welk Show "The Irish Show" This show from 1979 proclaims "It's a Great Day for the Irish." Joe Feeney is accompanied by Myron Floren on "Galway Bay." Ava Barber sings "Harrigan." Guy and Ralna offer the lullaby "Too Ra Loo Ra Loo Ra." Bob Ralston plays "How Are Things in Glocca Morra."G Are You Being Served? "Cold Store" Mr. Lucas needs a day off to meet a girlfriend.G Keeping Up Appearances - The Memoirs of Hyacinth Bucket "Daddy's Accident" Hyacinth will go to manic lengths to ensure that even the most routine of daily events is just so, much to the chagrin of husband Richard and neighbor Liz.G Last of the Summer Wine "Goodnight Sweet Ferret" Hobbo's old pal, Heptonstall, is confined to bed with a bad leg. Gathering Alvin and Entwistle on the way, Hobbo arrives to help his pal, who needs someone to provide a decent burial for a recently deceased pet ferret.G Outnumbered Karen is on a sleepover, and Ben is away at adventure camp. Mum and Dad are left with a labrador to look after and a glimpse of what life will be like once the children have left home.G The Red Green Show "The Cult Visit" The lodge is visited by a strange cult from the planet Gorgon. Red builds a riding mower out of a Pontiac and a ceiling fan. Bill tries roller blade street hockey.G Vicar of Dibley "Election" David has been the councilor in a safe Tory seat for a number of years. But when Geraldine becomes concerned that not enough has been done for his constituency, David finds he now has a village that is prepared to vote for the vicar.G Doctor Who Four "Stolen Earth" Earth's greatest heroes assemble in time of dire need. But can the Doctor's secret army defeat the might of the new Dalek Empire? With battles on the streets and in the skies, the Doctor and Donna must brave the Shadow Proclamation to find out the truth.G Song of the Mountains Appalachian Trail; Avery County. D Austin City Limits "Coldplay" The Grammy-winners and modern-rock giants have sold more than 50 million records worldwide. They perform their hits and selections from their album Mylo Xyloto.G Bee Gees One Night Only This 1997 concert at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas, Nevada, is one of the very few Bee Gees performances filmed. The music special showcases many of the group's disco and pop hits. The Gibb brothers, who comprised the Bee Gees, sang three-part harmony and wrote their own hit songs. Two of the three siblings have died - Maurice in 2004 and Robin in 2012. Barry continues to perform as a solo act.G PBS Arts from Cleveland: Women Who Rock From Bessie Smith to Janis Joplin to Lady Gaga, this performance documentary vibrates with energy. Inspired by the exhibit of the same name at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, the program reveals new insights into what it means to be female in the male-dominated world of rock and roll. Cyndi Lauper is host.G Grannies On Safari "India - The Golden Triangle" The Grannies venture into this fascinating subcontinent to visit one of the world's most interesting countries - India. They explore part of what is called the Golden Triangle, beginning in the city of New Delhi and then on to Agra, home of the iconic Taj Mahal, and Jaipur, a cultural hub and glistening outpost of Indian arts, architecture and culture.G Art Wolfe's Travels to the Edge "Japan: Hokkaido and Honshu" The Seattle-based photographer travels to northern Japan to view iconic red-crested cranes, then heads south to the mountains to take a dip in Nagano's hot springs with mischievous macaque snow monkeys. His photographic pilgrimage also includes the temples of Mt. Fugi and Koyosan.G Rudy Maxa's World "Thailand, Andaman Islands" Dramatic limestone cliffs and rock formations jut from translucent waters of Phang-nga Bay.G Rick Steves' Europe "Eastern Turkey" Rick experiences a Mount Ararat sunrise, visits Abraham's 4,000-year-old home town and tours one of the world's biggest dams.G Rudy Maxa's World "Korea" Rudy samples cosmopolitan Seoul and the tranquility of temples tucked into lush mountains.G Rick Steves' Iran In his latest travelogue, Rick Steves journeys to Iran in the hopes of getting to know this ancient country - a leader in its corner of the world for 2,500 years - and to better understand the 70 million people living there. Shot in Tehran, Shiraz, Esfahan, Persepolis and villages in between, RICK STEVES' IRAN details the country's rich artistic and cultural heritage. Rick visits the splendid monuments from Iran's rich and glorious past, discusses the 20th-century story of this perplexing nation and explores Iran's bustling cities, historic capital and countryside villages. D Smart Travels - Pacific Rim With Rudy Maxa "Shanghai" Rudy explores the city of skyscrapers, non-stop shopping and delicious dining. Excursions to the gardens of Suzhou and the canal town of Zhouzhuang bring the ancient past alive.G Rudy Maxa's World "Uzbekistan" Rudy travels the Silk Road in this country that is an emerging economy in Central Asia. He finds eye-popping centuries-old mosques that were restored during Soviet occupation of the country. He joins friends for the preparation of the national dish, plov, and visits a family in a yurt on a desert plain.G Art Wolfe's Travels to the Edge "Wild Asia: Nepal and India" Beyond India and Nepal's crowded cities lie precious remnants of wild Asia where tigers, rhino and bear still roam. In episode eight, Art Wolfe travels by elephant deep into Kipling country in search of the last of the planet's Bengal tigers. Here, through the lens of his camera, he captures images of mahouts handlers bound to the elephants they've cared for from childhood as they bathe and tend to their animals. D Burt Wolf: Travels & Traditions "Hong Kong" Hong Kong is a small island just off the southern coast of the Chinese mainland. It's a bustling metropolis and one of the world's most important financial centers. It is also a focal point for traditional Chinese history and culture. D Smart Travels - Pacific Rim With Rudy Maxa "Hong Kong" On the Star Ferry, Rudy savors the skyline of the energetic city where ancient tradition cozies up to ultramodern. He takes in monasteries, Chinese herbs and shopping. On the island of Lantau, he views one of the world's largest statues of Buddha.G Outdoor Idaho "Canyonlands Calling" Cameras roam desert expanses, narrow canyons, mountains and rock formations of the southwest corner of Idaho. Participants reveal how eight years of collaborative effort among many interests can culminate in the federal Owyhee Initiative that includes many uses, including designated wilderness.G Dialogue "Food Safety and Biomedical Research" How safe is our nation's food system? Carolyn Bohach is a microbiologist from the University of Idaho who specializes in studying E. coli and food safety. This week on Dialogue, host Joan Cartan-Hansen talks with Bohach about her research and ways we can prevent E. coli breakouts.G Need to Know NULL Inside Washington NULL Louisa May Alcott: American Masters "Louisa May Alcott: The Woman Behind Little Women" The author, who was raised among reformers, Transcendentalists and skeptics, is best known for her gentle novels of childhood and coming-of-age stories. Writer-producer Harriet Reisen digs deeply to reveal the complex woman who also wrote commercially successful sensational potboilers that delve into the darker side of human nature. Reisen's script relies on dialogue written by Alcott herself or by other people in her life with clips from interviews to carry the commentary and narrative links.G Storied Life of Millie Benson Author, reporter and adventurer Mildred Wirt Benson, who died in 2002 at the age of 96, is better known as Carolyn Keene, the ghostwriter of the first 23 Nancy Drew mysteriesG Moyers & Company "Moving Beyond War" Nine years after Baghdad erupted in "shock and awe," we're once again hearing in America the drumbeat for war in the Middle East. Now, the bull's-eye is on Iran. But what we need more than a simple change of target is a complete change in perspective, says Andrew Bacevich, a West Point graduate and Vietnam veteran-turned-scholar who's become one of the most perceptive observers of America's changing role in the world. D Washington Week (Expired) NULL McLaughlin Group NULL WordGirl "The Learnerer/Mr. Big's Dinner and a Scam" THE LEARNERER - Using his talent to see things once and learn them immediately, The Learnerer is able to steal the giant Santa Tortuga diamond from Ms. Von Hoosinghaus. When WordGirl arrives to save the day, all of her moves are thwarted by The Learnerer, who has been studying her every move. Will she come up with a new move or will The Learnerer get away with the diamond? Vocabulary Words: Suffix, Misjudge. D Wild Kratts "Mom of a Croc" Chris and Martin are determined to prove to Aviva that there's more to crocodiles than their reputation as scary brutes. They use an egg disguise, created by Aviva, to infiltrate a crocodile nest for an insider's look at the challenging journey of the infant crocs and their mom. Science Concept: Heat can be produced in many ways, and can move from one object to another by a process called conduction. D Cyberchase "Digit's B-Day Surprise" The kids have a really cool plan for Digit's b-day-a surprise party! But in order to keep the secret, they pretend to forget his big day. Disappointed, Digit goes off on his own and runs into Hacker. The vexatious villain is only too happy to take advantage of the situation: If he can convince the dejected Digit that he is his one true friend, he can reprogram the cyboid to gain access to Motherboard! Meanwhile, the kids have a special gift made for their pal-a chocolate "Digit" sculpture. D Fetch! With Ruff Ruffman "Fetch Finale IV: The Prophecy Fulfilled!" The lost legendary Helmet of Victory is so close Ruff can almost TASTE it! He's just learned that the Helmet is somewhere in Old Sturbridge Village, a town that time forgot. The FETCHers head off to the village, and then undergo a series of elimination trials to retrieve the Helmet. The FETCHer who finds the Helmet will be the Season IV FETCH Grand Champion! But will the Helmet of Victory really make Ruff victorious?. D Clifford The Big Red Dog "Dog Who Cried Woof/Doing The Right Thing" The Dog Who Cried Woof - After overhearing Samuel tell the kids a scary story about Whiffy the Skunk Ghost, Clifford and T-Bone get a bit spooked. Cleo takes the opportunity to play a series of naughty tricks on them, but then finds them not believing her when she really needs them! She learns that it isn't nice to play tricks on people. ~~Doing the Right Thing - When T-Bone inadvertently "steals" a squeak toy, he experiences a guilt-induced dream where his conscience tries to show him the right thing to do. D Arthur "Popular Girls/Buster's Growing Grudge" Sue Ellen and Fern take a popularity quiz they find in a magazine for teenagers. They change their personalities to become more likable, but why does it seem no one likes them anymore? In the second story, Buster's convinced that his great joke will be the difference between a successful oral report and failure. But when Binky steals his material, will Buster stay mad forever?. D Martha Speaks "Martha Runs The Store, Part 1 & Part 2" Martha Runs the Store, Part 1 - Skits and Martha are feeling desperate while they wait in the broiling sun for Helen to finish shopping. Martha Runs the Store, Part 2 - Helen can't find Martha and Skits anywhere.G Curious George "George and the Giant Thumb/Shutter Monkey" George and the Giant Thumb - A bored George and Allie decide to make a ginormous sculpture of Bill's sprained thumb. The duo quickly run out of clay and turn to less conventional art supplies. Peanut butter proves too sticky and shaving cream too drippy, so George and Allie use mud to finish their masterpiece. D Cat in the Hat Knows A Lot About That! "Seasons - Spring and Summer/Seasons - Fall and Winter" Seasons - Spring and Summer - For Show and Tell at school, Nick and Sally must bring something from their favourite season. But how can they choose which is their favourite? The Cat in the Hat takes them to the magical Garden of Seasons, where they can visit any season they like, any time they like! They meet three young animals and journey with them as they begin to grow up. Sally decides that she has two favourite seasons, and with the pictures taken from the Snaparama camera, she now has a scrapbook of pictures to show why! Seasons - Fall and Winter - It's Nick's turn to choose a favourite season. D Super Why! "The Beach Day Mystery" Whyatt and the other fairytale buddies have found a clue leading to treasure and they need a little help! So the superhero readers fly into The Beach Day Mystery where they set off on a swashbuckling scavenger hunt adventure filled with clues, pirates, and of course, treasure! Will Super Why and his friends be able to outsmart the trickiest pirate of them all? Educational Objectives: To learn how to figure out clues. Kids will follow the alphabet, rhyme with AIL words, and use the power to read to change the story!. D Dinosaur Train "Dinosaur Big City, Pt. 3/Dinosaur Big City, Pt. 4" Dinosaur Big City Part III - The Dinosaur Train arrives in Laramidia, the Dinosaur Big City, and Buddy and the Pteranodon family explore the crowded "dinosaur metropolis." At the Theropod Convention, our kids reunite with Annie Tyrannosaurus and her parents Dolores and Boris, and they all meet the multi-horned mayor, Mayor Kosmoceratops! Dinosaur Big City Part IV - Buddy and Tiny help King Cryolophosaurus overcome his fear of performing in front of his biggest audience ever, and he wows a large dinosaur audience when he sings his new song, "Whole Lotta Theropods" at the Theropod Convention in Laramidia, the Dinosaur Big City. D Sesame Street "The Bubblefest" It's Bubblefest on Sesame Street and Alan and Chris are the leaders of the festivities. Telly is excited since he has never blown a bubble before. Everyone starts blowing bubbles but when Telly gives it a try, he blows way too hard and is unable to make a bubble. D	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line238
__label__cc	0.720924	0.279076	ifrik Push and Pull: Biological control of stemborer and Striga [img_assist\|nid=181\|title=\|desc=\|link=none\|align=right\|width=100\|height=43]In issue No. 41, the Biotechnology and Development Monitor published an article by Verkleij & Kuiper about various approaches to controlling Striga (witchweed) and Orobranche (broomrape). The root parasites are a major biotic constraint to food production particularly in Africa. The authors showed that conventional methods of controlling these weeds have only a limited impact and that transgenic plants do not offer a workable solution either. Now the International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) in Kenya has developed a push-pull system against stemborer in maize that also controls Striga. Cereal stemborers, the larval stage of certain moths (Busseola fusca, Sesamia calmistis, Eldana saccharina, Chilo archalociliellus and Chilo partellus), can cause the loss of about 20 to 40 per cent of the potential yield of a maize or sorghum crop. They are difficult to control because the eggs and the larvae are hidden deep inside the stems. In a push-pull system different plants are sown with the crop. The pests are repelled from the field by one plant and, at the same time, attracted by others planted outside the field. In this way they do not feed on the actual crop plant itself. In the combined cropping system developed by the ICIPE for South and East Africa, the stemborer is attracted to napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) or Sudan grass (Sorghum vulgare sudanense) by their smell. The grass is grown in several rows outside the maize field and produces a gummy substance that traps the larvae’s. In the ICIPE pilot project only about 10 per cent of the stemborer larvae’s eventually survived. The project started with the knowledge that stemborers were indigenous to East Africa long before maize was introduced and that the insect must have feed on another type of grass in the past. Farmers in the neighbourhood of the ICIPE research station were invited to choose which grass they thought might be most suitable. They preferred napier and Sudan grass because both make good fodder. Varieties of wild grass that looked like ‘weed’ were rejected. From the inside of the field, the stemborer is repelled by molasses grass (Melinis minutiflora) or by silver leaf desmodium (Desmodium uncinatum). In tests, the use of molasses grass reduced the maize crop losses from 40 per cent to 4.6 per cent. Desmodium seems to be even better equipped for inter-cropping. As a leguminose it binds nitrogen and thus enriches the soil. It also keeps the soil moist, reduces erosion and can be used as fodder. But most important, desmodium intercropped with maize suppresses the growth of Striga by a factor of 40 in comparison to monocropping of maize. The scientific reason for this is unknown but ICIPE has set up a research project, funded by the Rockefeller Foundation (USA) to investigate the phenomena. alternatives - maize - push-and-pull - Striga A. Lorch Biotechnology and Developmen Monitor December 2000	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line242
__label__wiki	0.891038	0.891038	[Boycott - Economic - Europe] T&G urges a ban on Israeli goods Bernard Josephs, Jewish Chronicle The campaign to boycott Israel was widened this week as members of the Transport and General Workers Union prepared to vote on a motion calling for a ban against all Israeli products. The move, to be considered by delegates representing the TGWU’s 800,000 members at their annual meeting next week, could result in millions of trades unionists coming under instructions to impose an embargo. Such actions have already been approved by the 1.3 million strong Unison and by the National Union of Journalists. Meanwhile UCU, the academics’ union, may ballot its members over sanctions. Israel is very intolerant and sometimes its behaviour is not dissimilar to that of the Nazis.. Eric McDonald, T&G Birmingham The TGWU’s boycott motion has been proposed by car-industry workers at its Birmingham branch. It “deplores the actions” of Israel towards the Palestinians and accuses it of failing to recognise the “legitimate aspiration of a Palestinian state”. The motion specifically calls upon the conference to “support a boycott of Israeli products and goods” and calls on the government to take a “stronger stance in support of the Palestinian people”. Members of the Trade Union Friends of Israel said they were hoping to persuade the union to drop its boycott move, and would be seeking talks not only with TGWU leaders but also with the proposers of the motion. However, Eric McDonald, the union’s Birmingham branch secretary — who said he had never been to Israel or the Palestinian Authority areas — pledged that there would be no backtracking. “Boycotting worked against South Africa and the motion was approved unanimously by the 30 members of the district committee,” representing 16,000 members. “Israel is very intolerant and sometimes its behaviour is not dissimilar to that of the Nazis,” he told the JC. “Israel, like any other fundamentalist religious state, abuses groups that are different.” This also applied to Hamas, he accepted. Boycotting worked against South Africa and the motion was approved unanimously by the 30 members of the district committee.. The backlash against the boycott continued in the unions and in Parliament. More than 250 members of the National Union of Journalists signed a petition calling on their union to drop its boycott resolution. Among them were a large group of BBC broadcasters including foreign correspondents Hugh Sykes and James Reynolds and political correspondent Reeta Chakrabarti. Other signatories included The Guardian’s Middle East correspondent Ian Black, The Independent’s Israel correspondent Donald MacIntyre and ITN’s father of chapel (shop steward) Dan Wright. In a letter to The Guardian, 32 members of Unison, including national executive member Alison Brown, said that as “democrats, socialists and supporters of an independent Palestinian state we oppose a boycott against Israel”. Such a move, they said, would “strengthen the sense of being under siege in a world of enemies which is a strong element in the power of the Israeli right”. More than 100 MPs from all sides of the House of Commons had this week signed a parliamentary motion branding the UCU vote as “repugnant”. It said that boycotting Israeli educational institutions and academics would damage Britain’s reputation “and does nothing to promote peace in the Middle East”. Source: http://www.thejc.com/home.aspx?ParentId=m11s18&AId=53530&ATypeId=1&secid=18 Why Boycott Marks & Spencer 2011? Report of demonstration outside Marks & Spencer's flagship store in Oxford Street on 24 Sept 2011, includes video and photos. Also discussion of why boycott M&S. Israel's Premier Dead Sea Cosmetics forced out of shopping centres in Ireland and Scotland Following months of determined picketing Israeli cosmetics company Premier Dead Sea Cosmetics has been ousted from Johnston Court Shopping centre in Sligo (Ireland) and Dundee’s Overgate shopping centre (Scotland). BDS Movement Victory: John Lewis Stops Stocking Ahava Products in Britain Ahava’s goods, processed on stolen Palestinian land, are becoming too hot to handle. Leading British retail business John Lewis is now refusing to stock this toxic brand. Canadian retailer The Bay has also confirmed that it had also discontinued sales of Ahava products. 'Israel Off Your Trolley' BDS Protest in Newcastle Palestine Action Group organised a lively creative protest in Newcastle city centre, constructing a huge symbolic apartheid wall covered with information about companies that support Israel, they went on to picket those companies including Waitrose, Schuh, H&M and M&S. "Scalp bounties were the payment of a fee for proof of death of an Indian, any Indian, on a graduated scale. At the top of the scale they would pay the highest amount for proof of death by way of the production of a scalp, or bloody red skin - origin of the term 'red skins' - of an adult male Indian. Half that fee would be payed for proof of death by the same means of a adult female, quarter to be payed for proof of death of a child, child being defined as as a human being under 10 years of age down to and including a fetus.. every single colony on the east coast, every state of the Union and territory of the United States within the confines of the 48 contiguous states, had in place, in some period of its history, a scalp bounty - removed usually when there were no longer sufficient number of Indians left to kill to warrant its continuation..that's as absolutely clinical a genocidal policy as is possible to envision, they weren't interested in any particular Indians, any Indians would do and they would pay for proof of death - they wanted all of us dead." Ward Churchill American Indian scholar, activist in the struggle for liberation of Indigenous Peoples in America Genocide of Indigenous Peoples in North America, Action for Social and Ecological Justice on December 2, 2001, in Burlingotn, VT [50min / 11Mb]	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line244
__label__wiki	0.508865	0.508865	You are here: Home » News » Equipment and Services » Delivery of first vessel with Wärtsilä HY hybrid technology marks new era Delivery of first vessel with Wärtsilä HY hybrid technology marks new era The technology group Wärtsilä’s hybrid power module solution, the Wärtsilä HY, is now fully operational on the ‘Vilja’, an escort tug owned by the Swedish port of Luleå. The tug was built at Gondan Shipbuilders in Asturias, Spain and was delivered at the end of June 2019 following successful completion of the commissioning and sea trials. The Wärtsilä HY is the first hybrid power module in the marine industry, and its operational application onboard the ‘Vilja’ marks a new era in shipping. The solution has been specially developed to meet the specific needs of the tug market. It features operating characteristics that include ‘green mode’, with zero emissions and no noise, a ‘power boost’ that delivers a higher bollard pull than any other conventional solution of comparable size, and ‘smokeless operation’ whereby no smoke is produced even during start-up of the main engines. These features have all been successfully tested and demonstrated. The Energy Management System, representing the ‘brain’ of the Wärtsilä HY, has been specifically tuned based on actual data acquired during one year of field operations. Its functionalities have been fully tested at the Wärtsilä Hybrid Centre. The EMS is designed to efficiently cope with drastically changing operating conditions. In Luleå, the vessel will alternate between normal summertime operations, and working in one-metre thick ice during the winter months. Having an adapting EMS ensures the tug’s ability to maintain the highest efficiency performance in both situations. “This vessel is the most powerful tug operating with hybrid propulsion and it can be considered as creating a benchmark in the new era of modern shipping,” said Giulio Tirelli, Director, Sales & Business Intelligence, Wärtsilä Marine. “The implementation of the Wärtsilä HY and the process followed for reaching this milestone represents a practical application of Wärtsilä’s Data Driven Design principles, and it effectively transforms our Smart Marine vision into practice.” “The ‘Vilja’ represents the most technologically advanced tug currently in operation. The selection of the Wärtsilä hybrid power module will ensure a drastic reduction in emissions, setting new, higher, standards for our service, and for the quality of life in the Luleå region,” said Henrik Vuorinen, CEO, Luleå Hamn AB. “Our deep cooperation with Wärtsilä will also ensure additional potential achievements during the vessel’s lifecycle.” The innovative ‘Wärtsilä HY for Tug’ solution enables significant benefits in terms of environmental performance, and a significant reduction in fuel and maintenance costs. During trials, the icebreaking tug achieved a 100-tonne bollard pull, while producing approximately 20% fewer emissions than a comparable conventional vessel. Wärtsilä	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line246
__label__cc	0.511311	0.488689	You are here: Home » News » Shipping » Aquatica Submarines leads a historic expedition alongside KONGSBERG Aquatica Submarines leads a historic expedition alongside KONGSBERG The Blue Hole Belize Expedition 2018 fleet has started its historic and scientifically important 3-week mission to map the world’s largest marine sinkhole. Led by Aquatica Submarines, the team of scientists, explorers and filmmakers include Ocean Unite co-founder and Virgin Group founder, Sir Richard Branson and world-renowned oceanographic explorer and documentary filmmaker Fabien Cousteau, grandson of the pioneering conservationist Jacques Cousteau. A live broadcast from deep inside the Blue Hole is taking place in Aquatica’s Stingray 500 submarine on Sunday 2nd December from 4-6 pm EST on Discovery Channel. Operated by the company’s Chief Pilot, Erika Bergman, Sir Richard Branson and Fabien Cousteau will both be on board for the ride. Viewers can find more information on their respective Discovery Channel country websites. Sonar expert Mark Atherton from KONGSBERG’s Canadian subsidiary Kongsberg Mesotech is on the expedition as a key member of the science-based sonar and scientific data collection team. Mark will operate the KONGSBERG sonars aboard the Research Vessel Brooks McCall, contributing to an invaluable high-resolution map of the entire sinkhole. “By understanding the geological history and geometric structure at the Blue Hole we can contribute new data to the global scientific community studying sinkholes and cenotes. I’m confident that our sonars and underwater positioning equipment will provide an accurate, high-resolution picture of the secrets the Blue Hole hides,” said Mark. Organised by Vancouver-based submersibles company Aquatica Submarines, the Blue Hole Belize Scientific Expedition 2018 combines high-tech exploration, educational awareness and conservation. Aquatica Submarine’s innovative Stingray 500 submarine will be used for sonar surveying, filming and VIP dives, while the expedition is led by the company’s President and CEO, entrepreneur and adventurer Harvey Flemming. “The sonar, camera and sensor data we collect from the Blue Hole is a key objective, but we also want to use the expedition to educate and inform the public on the critical issues of ocean awareness and conservation,” said Mr Flemming. “We have professional filmmakers ready to capture the event with television documentaries and a live broadcast from the bottom of the Blue Hole all set to bring this amazing place to life for a global audience.”	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line248
__label__wiki	0.818175	0.818175	You are here: Home › UDRP Commentaries › Abusive registration › Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act › Cybersquatting › Uniform Domain Name Resolution Policy › cybersquatting law › udrp law › udrp proceedings › The Importance of Protecting Credibility: Claiming and Rebutting Cybersquatting The Importance of Protecting Credibility: Claiming and Rebutting Cybersquatting By Gerald M. Levine on October 20, 2016 in Abusive registration, Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act, Cybersquatting, cybersquatting law, udrp law, udrp proceedings, Uniform Domain Name Resolution Policy The UDRP is an online dispute resolution regime. While panelists technically have discretion under Rule 13 to hold in-person hearings if they “determine[ ] . . . and as an exceptional matter, that such a hearing is necessary for deciding the complaint” no in-person hearing has ever been held. Rule 13 exists to be ignored. Parties make their appearance and present themselves on the written page, and what they say and how they express themselves in pleadings and what they annex are crucial to their argument. Traditionally with live witnesses, juries and judges look and listen to performances; demeanor, comportment, and facial expression are important factors as indicators of truthfulness. While we can’t transfer these qualities to paper submissions in any literal sense there are equivalents if we think of these qualities in a broader sense as meaning the content and nuance of a speaker’s presentation in writing, selecting, organizing, and proving contentions. What speakers say, the language they use, the allegations they make, the narratives they construct, and the evidence they produce or withhold play a decisive role in assessing their claims and defenses. In a word, speakers have to be credible, which is no small matter because it requires a disciplined approach to the content of argument both in the pleadings and annexes. We are constantly reminded of this in UDRP decisions. In the small percentage of contested disputes (that is, where respondents appear and defend), there is either a lack of evidence or lack of credibility, or both. It infects both parties’ submissions. However, measuring credibility is not scientific and there are cases that go one way when they should have gone the other. The dispute over <Camilla.com> is an example, Camilla Australia Pty Ltd v. Domain Admin, Mrs Jello, LLC, D2015-1593 (WIPO November 30, 2015), in which the UDRP award ordering transfer was vacated in its entirety, Mrs. Jello, LLC v. Camilla Australia Pty Ltd. 15-cv-08753 (D. NJ 8/1/2016). but there are tics that tend to undermine trust in the speaker (pleadings or declaration), including inconsistencies between contentions and proof and suppositional, fantastic, and unbelievable statements. The Panel in Mills & Associates, LLC v. Center for Internal Change Inc., FA0903001251337 (Forum May 4, 2009) (<onlinediscprofile.com> and <onlinediscprofiles.com>) found it “incredulous for Complainant to claim it had any superior trademark rights or priority over Respondent” when in the same year that Complainant began using the trademark “Respondent began using the same descriptive terms in promoting its DISC products and services.” While trademarks composed of common words and descriptive phrases are protected against infringement they are not protected against others using the same terms legitimately. For example, in Quality Craft Industries, Inc. v. Domain Admin / Ashantiplc Limited, FA1607001684372 (Forum September 13, 2016) (<montezuma.com>) the Panel “viewed no credible evidence that Respondent has infringed any trademark rights that Complainant may have had in the ‘Montezuma’ name. Rather, Respondent has used the domain in connection with its value as a geographic/generic term, and not necessarily as it relates to any rights Complainant may have in the ‘Montezuma’ mark.” Criticism has also been levelled at complainants who must know that the claims asserted could not possible be adjudicated in a UDRP proceeding. The Panel in Cary Pinkowski, Darren Little, and Joe Whitney v. Perlake Corp. SA, FA1507001631539 (Forum September 22, 2015) (<blackjack.com>) found that Complainant must have known and in all probability did know, that it was bringing its claim in the wrong forum because the dispute was inherently a complicated contractual dispute beyond the scope of the UDRP and it must also have known that both the terms of the Policy and the accepted practice prevented such a claim from being entertained in this forum. Complainant must also “have known that it could not prove Respondent lacked rights or legitimate interests or that Respondent had engaged in bad faith registration and use of the domain name.” And for these reasons (among others) “the Panel finds that the Complaint was brought in bad faith in an attempt to deprive a registered domain-name holder of its domain name and primarily to harass Respondent as the domain-name holder.” By now trademark owners should be well acquainted with the law, namely that it is not unlawful for respondents to hold domains for their intrinsic value as generic words. Equally, and in the opposite camp, it is unlawful (a breach of covenant in fact) to register domain names with knowledge they infringe third-party rights. In IDT Corporation v. Park Youngmi, D2016-1591 (WIPO October 5, 2016) (<bosspay.com>) the Complainant’s BOSS mark predates the registration of the domain name by many years, but of course it is a common word. The analysis in ruling in Complainant’s favor considers this fact but rejects Respondent’s narrative because it is unbelievable; in fact, “strain[s] credulity”: [A]lthough the Respondent states that she intends to use the disputed domain name for payment-related software development, she does not provide any proof of the planning or preparations for same despite submitting ample proof on her other claims. Also, the Panel finds that the Respondent’s claim that she is using the disputed domain name to link/connect others to websites that concern Asian philosophy is wholly inconsistent with her previous claim to use it for payment-related software. Moreover, the subject matter of Asian philosophy has no apparent connection with the ordinary meanings of the very words that constitute the disputed domain name – namely “boss” and “pay”. Thus, the Respondent’s arguments for denying the Complainant’s claim of registration and use in bad faith strain credulity. The question in Fosbrooke, Inc. v. ravindra bala, FA1608001689535 (Forum October 1, 2016) ( and ) concerned the “tn” portion of the domain name. Complainant (in the business of selling mattresses) owned T&N. Respondent claims that he registered the domain names as shortened forms of “top-notch mattress(es)” rather than as references to Complainant. The Panel reasoned that [t]he question of Respondent’s rights or legitimate interests turns on the credibility of this claim, effectively merging into the question of whether Respondent registered and is using the domain names in bad faith. Respondent’s claim was supported by its registration of two other domain names at the same time, <topnotchmattress.com> and <topnotchmattresses.com>. However, Under the circumstances, the Panel is highly skeptical of Respondent’s claim to have selected the domain names because of their generic or descriptive meaning, and tends to agree with Complainant’s allegation that Respondent’s contemporaneous registration of the other two domain names was merely pretextual. “Pretextual” is a form of disguise; a prop created to mislead. It crops up again in Monster Energy Company v. Cai Manyi Manyicai, D2016-0301 (WIPO May 1, 2015) (<monsterenergy.ren> and <monsterenergy.xyz>). Respondent alleged in support of its good faith registration that In order to have an online presence it decided to register the brand name “Magician Anna’s Chicken” (pronounced in Chinese, “mo shi an na ji) which in Chinese sounds like Monster Energy. The name was to convey the novel methods it had invented for smoking the meat and making it more tasteful and fragrant so as to allow customers to have a nutritious meal and provide them with the energy they require. It chose the name MONSTER ENERGY to convey the meaning behind the brand in both English and Chinese. However, the MONSTER ENERGY trade mark has a long priority of use “all over the world,” so much so that “[i]ts presence on the Internet and social media would make it unusual for any third-party who wants to create an Internet presence not to notice.” This being so, “Respondent’s explanation of its selection of the Domain Names is disingenuous and highly unbelievable. It would be inconceivable that the Respondent had no knowledge and actual notice of the trade mark when the Domain Names were registered.” There are a number of puzzling decisions awarding domain names to complainants; if they can be explained it is because of a disconnect between the counter-narrative and lack of proof. Particularly troubling, however, are cases in which priority and reputation are either uncertain at the time of domain registration or decidedly in registrant’s favor. But other than that, respondents have to be believable. So, for example, registering a domain name confusingly similar to a trademark in the same business as complainant that registrant redirects to its own trade name will certainly raise a credibility problem sufficient to support forfeiture to complainant. See Richard Beilstein / Heavy Duty Ramps, LLC v. Kevin Jakopin / Landsport, FA160100 1657777 (Forum March 9, 2016) {“Respondent’s domain name of <hdramp.com> resolves [that is, redirects] to a splash page that advertises the same type of goods offered under Complainants mark, according to Panel’s view of Complainant’s Attached Annex F. This splash page directs the consumer to the Respondent’s website at Landsport.com,”) Mr. Levine is the author of a treatise on trademarks, domain names, and cybersquatting, Domain Name Arbitration, A Practical Guide to Asserting and Defending Claims of Cybersquatting under the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy. (Legal Corner Press, 2015). Learn more about the book at Legal Corner Press. Available from Amazon and Barnes & Noble. Ongoing Supplement and Update here. Supplement and Update through August 2016 will be available in e-book format on October 1, 2016; the print format will be published on December 15, 2016. The Supplement and Update will also be available in pdf format from the publisher’s website http://www.iplegalpress.com/supplement-dna. See forthcoming announcement. Supplementing the Record in UDRP Proceedings; When Acceptable? Corresponding to Trademarks, But Nonactionable Claims for Cybersquatting	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line252
__label__wiki	0.873003	0.873003	The Mystery of Metamorphosis Unmasking the Mystery of How Life Transforms Dr Frank Ryan How does a caterpillar transform into a butterfly, or plankton-feeding larvae grow into gorgeous sea stars? Metamorphosis has captivated our imagination for thousands of years. Yet it remains, largely, a mystery. Award-winning author Frank Ryan delves into that mystery with the keen eye of a scientist, the skill of an expert storyteller, and the tenacity of a detective tracking down one of science’s least-understood phenomena. What emerges is a brilliant tale of quirky geniuses competing to solve the metamorphosis riddle over the last two centuries. We meet Jean-Henri Fabre, Vincent B. Wigglesworth, and others as they probe deep into the inner workings of insects. We also meet the controversial modern-day scientist Don Williamson, whose studies of marine life led him to the boldest and most controversial theory of evolution since Darwin’s own—one that suggests evolution occurs not just through mutation but also through hybridization. Such a theory could mean that rather than climbing the tree of life, species could possibly jump from branch to branch, and that the origins of metamorphosis might lie in the ancient union of two completely different species. The Mystery of Metamorphosis is an accurate depiction of a scientific revolution 150 years in the making. Nowhere else will readers find such a sweeping account of this strange and wonderful mystery – or such a thoughtful, balanced presentation of why metamorphosis has landed center stage in debates over evolution itself. First published by Oneworld (UK) in 2012. “A must for the downright curious.” “Ryan makes the beauty of metamorphosis palpable.” Lynn Margulis, University Professor of Geosciences at the University of Massachusetts Amherst “An engrossing survey of one of nature’s most transfixing puzzles.” “Important and illuminating… Ryan writes with verve and conviction, skilfully marshalling his facts and painting vivid pen-portraits… it is a lively and thoroughly entertaining read; one of the best scientific books of recent years.” New Internationalist “Prepare your mind for its own Cambrian explosion. Frank Ryan’s breathtaking explanations for life’s most wondrous transformations are by turns shocking, thrilling, and revelatory.” Sy Montgomery, award-winning naturalist and author of Birdology and The Good, Good Pig “Has this not been THE most exciting story in biology? This deeply informed account delves into the fascinating history of the study of metamorphosis. It’s a saga, and Frank Ryan does it justice.” Bernd Heinrich, author of The Nesting Season, Winter World, and Mind of the Raven. “Read this book to experience the feel and excitement of a massive paradigm shift in science as told by a brilliant science writer.” Stephan Harding, author of Animate Earth: Science, Intuition and Gaia. “You not only learn about the rich and fascinating phenomenon of animal metamorphosis, you also learn about science as a complex human endeavor in which new ideas are hardly welcomed with open arms.” Craig Holdrege, director, The Nature Institute “The ideas that Frank Ryan describes — fusion between quite different creatures — at first seem ludicrous, but what great ideas in science do not? The more you think about them, the more you feel, ‘Yes, it must be so.’ Metamorphosis has joined my shortlist of biological must-reads.” Colin Tudge, author of The Secret Life of Trees and The Link “In Ryan, I’ve found another brilliant science writer, like Nick Lane, who makes available to the scientifically challenged some insight into the magnificence and mysteries of biological life on this planet. This is just a wonderful book. If you have, as I do, a million questions about how caterpillars become butterflies, and no science vocabulary to study it, well, this may be the book for you. This is beautifully written. A gem of a book.” Anne Rice (novelist)	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line259
__label__cc	0.613212	0.386788	by Carol Grant In the early 60s, my closest friend Lynn and I decided to take our first vacation as independent adults. We had just completed our first year of employment..she as a physical therapist and I as a graduate nurse and we had managed to save a small amount out of our meager salaries. Lynn’s parents had just returned from a trip to Mexico and they told us how reasonable everything was and encouraged us to go. They made it even more enticing by describing their itinerary. It all sounded so simple: a direct flight via Air Canada to Mexico City where they recommended their hotel and the city sights to explore and then on by bus to Taxco, San Miguel de Allende and Acapulco. We decided to purchase our tickets and then shopped for our travel outfits. We bought new summery dresses with pinched waists and very full skirts, cute pillbox hats (inspired by Jackie Kennedy, of course), white gloves, handbags and very high heels. Those were the days when people really dressed up to travel by air! I seem to recall that we both dared to buy our first bikini bathing suits as well! Oh yes, did I mention that this was a first flight for both of us? We were both extremely nervous but we tried to look very worldly and sophisticated as we climbed the exterior steps of the small “prop” plane in our wobbly high heels. We tried to appear nonchalant as the small plane began to roar down the runway and seemed to take a lifetime before it actually rose above the ground. I was amazed and enthralled as I looked out of the window to see my city below. I glanced at Lynn and to my shock realized that she was perspiring profusely and her face had a distinctive green hue. I then remembered that Lynn had always suffered from car sickness and was in distress as the plane wove and slanted as it climbed and turned south. I grabbed the small paper sac from the pocket in front of me just in time and Lynn was very discreet in her misery. Gradually, when the plane reached its desired speed and altitude, Lynn’s normal color returned, and we both calmed down and chatted about our upcoming adventures. To our mutual dismay, after a smooth flight of several hours, the plane started to vibrate, the engine seemed to stop and then restart again and we seemed to be rising and falling in the sky. Everyone in the cabin, including the two stewardesses (before the days of “flight attendants”), looked very concerned and frightened. I admit that even my sturdy stomach became queasy and my mouth became very dry. After about 10 endless minutes, the pilot announced that there was engine trouble and that we would be making an unexpected landing in the Mexican town of Tampico located on the Gulf of Mexico! The plane sputtered , shook and groaned as it gradually descended. We were instructed to bend our heads down onto our laps. We were all shocked by the loud sound the plane made just before the landing gear was released and then the wheels actually touched down on the tarmac. The pilot immediately pressed on the brakes and the plane came to a very abrupt stop. Our plane had landed! Needless to say, there was a spontaneous cheer and many people uttered “Thank You, God” or “Gracias, Deo.” When the stewardess opened the door, we were literally hit by a sensation of being on a different planet as the heat and humidity was like a moist barrier that we had never experienced. We were helped down the stairs and led into a very small one story building which had a large picture window, one small unoccupied desk, a single restroom, a large ceiling fan revolving slowly and several old metal chairs scattered around the room. There was no air conditioning and the heat was stifling. This apparently was Tampico’s very local Airport Terminal! Within ten minutes after our arrival, there were at least fifty people, including adults and children who were outside the dirt streaked window and peering in to get a glimpse of the extraterrestrial beings who had just arrived from outer space! Thus began our first evening in Mexico. The four Air Canada employees (two stewardesses and two pilots) tried to reassure us as they were attempting to converse with the local authorities and airport employees. They told us they were trying to reach their Air Canada supervisors to get instructions, but the telephone connections were very limited. They did learn that there were no local airline mechanics nor spare parts available. It would be a very long evening… As the sky darkened, the parade of window gawkers gradually dwindled and we surmised that probably most of the town had paid us a visit. However, it seemed to us that they had been replaced by men of all ages who surveyed us with leers, hand gestures and comments that we could not hear or translate, but seemed threatening. The prospect of spending the night in this suffocating room was alarming. Finally, the Air Canada pilots informed us that we were going to be saved! An AeroMexico plane on its way from Mexico City would pick us up and return us to the city before dawn. We were all very relieved until an old graffiti-decorated plane careened recklessly down the runway and stopped in front of the building with a shudder. The “crew” descended and entered the waiting room. The two pilots were dressed in old jeans with stained T shirts and wore cowboy boots and sombreros! The two women who accompanied them were large, buxom females with dyed-blonde hair who wore mini skirts, tops cut off to expose their midriffs, and stiletto heels. This motley foursome was to be our saviors? The four pilots attempted to communicate, but appeared to be floundering until one of our passengers who was bilingual came to their aid. It was announced that the Mexican crew would be going into town to have dinner while our luggage was transferred to their plane. We all felt helpless by this point but really had no choice…stay in Tampico for the night or risk our lives flying with the “cowboys”? No one could say when the Air Canada plane would be viable again so there really was no choice except to board the rickety old relic which awaited us. After about two hours, our Mexican “saviors“ returned, laughing and obviously well lubricated! We reluctantly boarded their “spaceship” which was even worse on the interior. Seats were broken, litter was everywhere, empty bottles were strewn under the seats and in the aisles and the rank smell was overwhelming. The two “cowgirls” were no help so we grabbed the least stained seats we could find and soon discovered that even the seatbelts were broken. The take-off was very loud and shaky but we were finally aloft. Of course, flying in total darkness was another new experience for us and I know that I prayed the whole flight. Meanwhile, the two Mexican women spent most of their time going in and out of the cockpit from which we heard much laughter. The crowning event of that flight was the serving of refreshments to the passengers. The women came down the aisle, which was already littered with debris, holding metal trays filled with tall bottles of Mexican BEER! One of the women tripped on the torn carpet almost beside us and the whole tray crashed to the floor. The beer splashed us and the odor wafted throughout the plane. I joined Lynn, who was already making use of one of the brown paper bags she had found on the seats. The other woman hastily went to the restroom and came back with a roll of toilet paper, which she didn’t offer to us but unwound up and down the aisle’s stained, torn and soggy carpet! We actually landed smoothly at the Mexico City airport just as dawn was breaking over the city. Our taxi driver must have wondered how these two disheveled young women dressed to impress, but reeking of perspiration, beer and vomit, ended up arriving at the airport at 5am on an antique Mexican plane. The rest of the trip exceeded our expectations and our Air Canada flight home was smooth and uneventful. The following year Lynn and Iwent to Jamaica, but that is another story… This essay was stimulated by the topic, prompts and support given to the study group “Guided Autobiography” by coordinator David Grogan in the Spring 2019 session. Thanks also to my co-students in the group who listen attentively and support me in my writing efforts.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line264
__label__cc	0.669287	0.330713	Wendt, Dean (x) › Variation in Responses of Fishes across Multiple Reserves within a Network of Marine Protected Areas in Temperate Waters Meta-analyses of field studies have shown that biomass, density, species richness, and size of organisms protected by no-take marine reserves generally increase over time. The magnitude and timing of changes in these response variables, however, vary greatly and depend upon the taxonomic groups protected, size and type of reserve, oceanographic regime, and time since the reserve was implemented. We conducted collaborative, fishery-independent surveys of fishes for seven years in and near newly created marine protected areas (MPAs) in central California, USA. Results showed that initially most MPAs contained more and larger fishes than associated reference sites, likely due to differences in habitat quality. The differences between MPAs and reference sites did not greatly change over the seven years of our study, indicating that reserve benefits will be slow to accumulate in California's temperate eastern boundary current. Fishes in an older reserve that has been closed to fishing since 1973, however, were significantly more abundant and larger than those in associated reference sites. This indicates that reserve benefits are likely to accrue in the California Current ecosystem, but that 20 years or more may be needed to detect significant changes in response variables that are due to MPA implementation. Because of the high spatial and temporal variability of fish recruitment patterns, long-term monitoring is needed to identify positive responses of fishes to protection in the diverse set of habitats in a dynamic eastern boundary current. Qualitative estimates of response variables, such as would be obtained from an expert opinion process, are unlikely to provide an accurate description of MPA performance. Similarly, using one species or one MPA as an indicator is unlikely to provide sufficient resolution to accurately describe the performance of multiple MPAs. Publication (1) + -	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line267
__label__wiki	0.855499	0.855499	Foster (x) › Graham (x) › Corrigendum to "A closer look at regime shifts based on coastal observations along the eastern boundary of the North Pacific", Southern Hemisphere humpback whales wintering off Central America: Insights from water temperature into the longest mammalian migration, We report on a wintering area off the Pacific coast of Central America for humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) migrating from feeding areas off Antarctica. We document seven individuals, including a mother/calf pair, that made this migration (approx. 8300 km), the longest movement undertaken by any mammal. Whales were observed as far north as 11° N off Costa Rica, in an area also used by a boreal population during the opposite winter season, resulting in unique spatial overlap between Northern and Southern Hemisphere populations. The occurrence of such a northerly wintering area is coincident with the development of an equatorial tongue of cold water in the eastern South Pacific, a pattern that is repeated in the eastern South Atlantic. A survey of location and water temperature at the wintering areas worldwide indicates that they are found in warm waters (21.1-28.3°C), irrespective of latitude. We contend that while availability of suitable reproductive habitat in the wintering areas is important at the fine scale, water temperature influences whale distribution at the basin scale. Calf development in warm water may lead to larger adult size and increased reproductive success, a strategy that supports the energy conservation hypothesis as a reason for migration. © 2007 The Royal Society., Cited By (since 1996):53, Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles, , Rasmussen, Palacios, Calambokidis, Saborío, Dalla Rosa, Secchi, Steiger, Allen, Stone Pristiophorus lanae sp. nov., a new sawshark species from the western north Pacific, with comments on the genus Pristiophorus Müller & Henle, 1837 (Chondrichthyes: Pristiophoridae) A new species of sawshark, Pristiophorus lanae sp. nov., is described from off the Philippine Islands. The new species is the second member of the genus Pristiophorus described from the western North Pacific and can be separated from its closest geographic congener, P. japonicus, by having fewer rostral teeth in front of rostral barbels (17-26 versus 25-32), mouth at corners extending forward to below the rear margin of the eye versus extending below the rear one-third of eye margin, a greater mouth width at 6.9-7.8 times into pre-oral length (versus 5.8-6.9), eye length into head length (15.6-15.9 versus 9.8-13.2), mouth width into head length 9.0-10.0 versus 7.4-8.5 times, head width at nostrils 5.2-6.1 times into pre-orbital length versus 3.9-4.9 times, shorter prebarbel length (from snout tip to barbel) of 50.7-54.5% of preoral length versus 53.6-59.2%, a snout angle of 10.6-13.0° versus 12.4°-14.6°, and lateral trunk denticles with flat crowns that are imbricated versus erect crowns that are not imbricated. The number of monospondylous vertebrae is slightly lower in P. lanae (43-48) versus P. japonicus (51-52). The genus is reviewed, with a revised key to its species presented. © 2013 Magnolia Press., Cited By (since 1996):1, Export Date: 11 February 2014, Source: Scopus Ebert, Wilms Effect of the bat star Asterina miniata (Brandt) on recruitment of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera C. Agardh, Cited By (since 1996):10, Ecology, Seaweeds, CODEN: JEMBA, The effect of the common bat star, Asterina miniata (Brandt) on recruitment of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera C. Agardh, was addressed through laboratory grazing experiments, a field experiment, and modeling of feeding behavior. In the laboratory, Asterina miniata significantly decreased the density of sporophytes that developed from 1-wk-old gametophytes as well as the percent cover of 2-, 6-, and 7-wk-old sporophytes. All grazed blades remaining at the end of these experiments subsequently died. Small scale variability in spore settlement and sporophyte development were also evident in the laboratory. Bat star density significantly affected short-term kelp recruitment during a large-scale field experiment. Simple modeling suggested that high densities of Asterina miniata could graze nearly 100% of the bottom over the 90-day experiment. However, visible recruitment was seen in less than 30 days, and over this time, 36% of the substratum was predicted to have remained ungrazed. Macrocystis pyrifera of 1 to 3 cm in length may thus obtain a refuge in size from bat star grazing through rapid growth. These results indicate this generalist grazer can affect giant kelp recruitment but that even under high grazing pressure numerous plants survive. Bat star grazing probably does not contribute to large-scale differences in adult plant density but may contribute to small-scale patterns of dispersion., , Primary production, new production and vertical flux in the eastern Pacific Ocean, The sinking of participate organic matter in the ocean links food webs beneath the euphotic zone to surface primary production and is an important pathway for the downward transport of many elements 1-3. The flux of particulate organic carbon (POC) is also an important parameter in the global carbon cycle and may be related to long-term changes in atmospheric CO 24,5. In 1980, Suess 6synthesized existing measurements from sediment trap studies into a model to predict the vertical flux of POC from depth (z) and primary production (PP)6. The Suess model has become the standard for evaluating vertical flux data 7, for estimating the annual flux of POC in the ocean 8and for parameterizing ocean carbon cycle models 4,5. We present here a new model of the vertical flux of POC and particulate organic nitrogen (PON) from a set of contemporaneous measurements of PP and fluxes made during the VERTEX (Vertical Transport and Exchange) programme in the north-east Pacific. The VERTEX model indicates that PP and vertical fluxes of POC and PON, in the oligotrophic ocean are greater than previously suggested. In addition, the vertical flux of PON from the photic zone represents a measure of the PP that is supported by new nitrogen (new production) 9,10. In the north-east Pacific, new production ranged from 13 to 25% of primary production and was positively related to total PP. © 2002 Nature Publishing Group., Cited By (since 1996):144, , Pace, Knauer, Karl, Martin Marine mammal response to interannual variability in Monterey Bay, California The coastal upwelling ecosystem near Monterey Bay, California, is a productive yet variable ecosystem and an important foraging area for many mobile apex predators, such as marine mammals. Long-term studies are necessary to better understand how wide-ranging predators respond to temporal environmental variability; however, few of these studies exist. We conducted monthly shipboard line-transect surveys in Monterey Bay from 1997 to 2007. We identified 22 species of marine mammals, and calculated monthly and annual densities for the 12 most commonly sighted (focal) species. Species richness remained relatively constant (mean richness ± SE: 13.7 ± 0.396 species yr -1) from 1997 to 2006. Focal species were most evenly distributed (Shannon's equitability, E H = 0.820) but least dense (mean density ± SE: 0.0598 ± 0.0141) during the anomalous upwelling conditions of 2005, and least even (1997 E H = 0.413; 1998 E H = 0.407) but dense (mean density ± SE: 1997: 0.433 ± 0.177; 1998: 0.438 ± 0.169 ind. km -2) during the 1997/1998 El Niño event. There were no statistically significant differences in the densities of marine mammal species between warmer and cooler years. The community and species-specific responses of marine mammals to warm-water years differed depending on the mechanism of oceanographic variability. During the 1997/1998 El Niño (a basin-wide event), marine mammals aggregated in nearshore areas, such as Monterey Bay, with relatively greater productivity than offshore regions, whereas during anomalous upwelling conditions of 2005 (a more localized oceanographic event), marine mammals redistributed away from Monterey Bay to areas less affected by the anomaly. © Inter-Research 2012, Export Date: 24 September 2013 Burrows, Harvey, Newton, Croll, Benson In situ chemical mapping of dissolved iron and manganese in hydrothermal plumes, Hydrothermal vents along mid-ocean ridges are an important source of elements such as lithium, silicon, manganese and iron to the world's oceans. The venting produces both episodic and steady-state hydrothermal plumes with unique thermochemical signatures in the mid-water column. The particulate phases in these plumes (predominantly iron oxides and hydroxides) also scavenge phosphorus, vanadium, arsenic, lead, polonium and several rare-earth elements from sea water. Thus, on a global scale, hydrothermal plumes are both a source for some elements and a sink for others. Ultimately, the particulate metals precipitated from plumes form extensive regions of metalliferous sediments over the crests and flanks of mid-ocean ridges. Although the metalliferous sediment coverage is vast and well documented, only a tiny fraction of the vents responsible for these sediments have been located (Fig. 1a). To date, both the number and location of hydrothermal vents and the detailed distribution of chemical constituents within the resultant plumes are poorly understood because of under-sampling of the mid-ocean ridges and the overlying waters. Here we present the results of high-resolution mapping of the chemical and thermal characteristics of hydrothermal plumes in near real time using a novel submersible chemical analyser (Scanner) and a conductivity/temperature/depth/transmissometer instrument package (CTDT). We show that the kinetics of iron oxidation in the plume can be used to constrain estimates of the plume's age, and that variation in the ratio of manganese content to excess heat can be explained by the mixing of several different vent fluids., Cited By (since 1996):31, CODEN: NATUA, , Coale, Chin, Massoth, Johnson, Baker Characterization of microsatellite loci in the European green crab (Carcinus maenas), Carcinus maenas (Decapoda: Portunidae) has proven a highly successful invasive marine species whose potential economic and ecological impacts are of great concern worldwide. Here, we characterize 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci in C. maenas and its sister species Carcinus aestuarii. These markers will prove useful for fine-scale genetic analyses of native and introduced populations, for assessment of the sources and routes of invasion and for evaluation of post-invasion population dynamics. © 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Cited By (since 1996):14, Invertebrates, CODEN: MENOC, , Tepolt, Bagley, Geller, Blum Cobalt and copper distributions in the waters of Santa Monica Basin, California, The trace metals cobalt and copper are removed from the oceans interior by scavenging on to particle surfaces, but the mechanisms for removal of these two metals are probably quite different. Cobalt appears to be scavenged by manganese oxide particles, whereas organic compounds are the main carrier phase for copper. Remobilization of these metals in marine sediments therefore proceeds by different pathways. The differences in the pathways of remobilization are accentuated in oxygen-deficient environments: manganese oxide reduction is accelerated at low oxygen levels and organic carbon is preserved. Cobalt fluxes from sediments underlying oxygen-deficient waters should be enhanced and copper fluxes reduced. We report here measurements of the cobalt and copper distributions in the waters of an oxygen-deficient marine basin in the Southern California Bight. Cobalt concentrations near the bottom are raised four times above the background level, whereas copper concentrations show no increase. These measurements confirm features of existing models for the oceanic cycles of these metals., Cited By (since 1996):18, Oceanography, CODEN: NATUA, , Johnson, Stout, Berelson, Sakamoto-Arnold Temporal stability and origin of chemoclines in the deep hypersaline anoxic Urania basin Submarine brine lakes feature sharp and persistent concentration gradients between seawater and brine, though these should be smoothed out by free diffusion in open ocean settings. The anoxic Urania basin of the eastern Mediterranean contains an ultrasulfidic, hypersaline brine of Messinian origin above a thick layer of suspended sediments. With a dual modeling approach we reconstruct its contemporary stratification by geochemical solute transport fundamentals and show that thermal convection is required to maintain mixing in the brine and mud layer. The origin of the Urania basin stratification was dated to 1650 years B.P., which may be linked to a major earthquake in the region. The persistence of the chemoclines may be key to the development of diverse and specialized microbial communities. Ongoing thermal convection in the fluid mud layer may have important yet unresolved consequences for sedimentological and geochemical processes, also in similar environments. © 2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved., Export Date: 19 February 2016, Article Goldhammer, Schwärzle, Aiello, Zabel Chemical and biological interactions in the Rose Garden hydrothermal vent field, Galapagos spreading center, The concentrations of a suite of redox reactive chemicals were measured in the Rose Garden hydrothermal vent field of the Galapagos spreading center. Sulfide, silicate, oxygen and temperature distributions were measured in situ with a submersible chemical analyser. In addition, 15 chemical species were measured in discrete samples. Variability in the slope of the temperature-silicate plots indicates that heat is lost from these relatively low temperatures (<15°C) solutions by conduction to the solid phase. Consumption of oxygen, sulfide and nitrate from the hydrothermal solution as it flows past the vent animals is apparent from the distributions measured in situ and in the discrete samples. The fraction of sulfide and nitrate removed from the solution by consumption appears to have increased between 1979-1985. Sulfide and oxygen appear to be consumed under different conditions: sulfide is removed primarily from the warmest solutions, and oxygen is consumed only from the cold seawater. This separation may be driven primarily by the increased gradients of each chemical under these conditions. There is no evidence for the consumption of significant amounts of manganese(II) by the vent organisms. The analysis of other data sets from this vent field indicate no significant consumption of methane by the vent organisms, as well. © 1988., Cited By (since 1996):103, Oceanography, , Johnson, Childress, Hessler, Sakamoto-Arnold, Beehler Modeling the upper ocean dynamics in the Subantarctic and Polar Frontal Zones in the Australian sector of the Southern Ocean, A one-dimensional (1-D) mixed layer model (the Chen scheme) was applied in the Subantarctic Zone (SAZ) and the Polar Frontal Zone (PFZ) to simulate the upper ocean dynamics. The model was forced with 4 years data of the heat fluxes, freshwater fluxes, and wind stresses from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. In both the SAZ and PFZ, the 1-D model was capable of reproducing the amplitude of the seasonal sea surface temperature (SST) and the seasonality of the mixed layer depth (MLD). The shallowest MLD was found in January-February (20 m in the SAZ, 35 m in the PFZ), and the deepest MLD was found between August and October (600 m in the SAZ, 160 m in the PFZ). The summer MLD was shallower in the SAZ than in the PFZ due to the lower wind stress. However, the shallower winter MLD in the PFZ than in the SAZ was due to the strong stratification in the water below the mixed layer. In the SAZ, variability in the wind stress was the dominant term driving the fluctuation in MLD in the summer, but variability in the heat flux was the major factor controlling the timing of the deepening and shoaling of the mixed layer in the winter. In the PFZ both the variability in the wind stress and the heat flux dominated the variability of the MLD in both the summer and the winter. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union., Cited By (since 1996):8, , , Downloaded from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2000JC000357/pdf (9 June 2014). Wang, Matear Sediment-water exchange of total mercury and monomethyl mercury in the San Francisco Bay-Delta, Five field trips were conducted in the San Francisco Bay-Delta between May 2000 and October 2001 to investigate the sediment-water exchange of total mercury (Hg) and monomethyl mercury (MMHg). Solid-phase Hg averaged ∼1 nmol g -1 and did not show any variability with depth or time or among sites. In contrast, solid-phase MMHg showed considerable vertical, temporal, and spatial variability (0.4-66 pmol g -1), with the highest values occurring at a peat-rich environment in May 2001, suggesting that MMHg production was largely controlled by temporal factors and habitat type. In pore water, both Hg and MMHg concentrations were generally elevated near the sediment-water interface during warm months. Sediment-water exchange flux of MMHg, determined with benthic chamber deployments, ranged from -92 to 850 pmol m -2 d -1, with higher values occurring in May. In most cases, diffusional fluxes of Hg and MMHg, estimated with the use of interfacial concentration gradients, constituted only a minor portion of the measured fluxes, suggesting the importance of advective processes on sediment-water exchange. Surface-water transect and time series studies conducted in Franks Tract support the commonly held belief that wetland and marsh regions are major sources for MMHg within the Delta. The integrated sediment-water fluxes of Hg and MMHg in the study area were estimated to be 130 and 6 mmol d -1, respectively, and the benthic input was as important a source of Hg and MMHg as the riverine input within the Delta during low-flow months., Cited By (since 1996):63, Rocks and Cores, Oceanography, CODEN: LIOCA, , Choe, Gill, Lehman, Han, Heim, Coale The vertical distribution and feeding habits of two common midwater fishes (Leuroglossus stilbius and Stenobrachius leucopsarus) off Santa Barbara, , Downloaded from: calcofi.org/publications/calcofireports/.../Vol_31_Cailliet___Ebeling.pdf (9 July 2014)., , Cailliet, Ebeling A shark antibody heavy chain encoded by a nonsomatically rearranged VDJ is preferentially expressed in early development and is convergent with mammalian IgG In most vertebrate embryos and neonates studied to date unique antigen receptors (antibodies and T cell receptors) are expressed that possess a limited immune repertoire. We have isolated a subclass of IgM, IgM1gj, from the nurse shark Ginglymostoma cirratum that is preferentially expressed in neonates. The variable (V) region gene encoding the heavy (H) chain underwent V-D-J rearrangement in germ cells "germline-joined"). Such H chain V genes were discovered over 10 years ago in sharks but until now were not shown to be expressed at appreciable levels; we find expression of H1gj in primary and secondary lymphoid tissues early in life, but in adults only in primary lymphoid tissue, which is identified in this work as the epigonal organ. H1gj chain associates covalently with light (L) chains and is most similar in sequence to IgM H chains, but like mammalian IgG has three rather than the four IgM constant domains; deletion of the ancestral IgM C2 domain thus defines both IgG and IgM1gj. Because sharks are the members of the oldest vertebrate class known to possess antibodies, unique or specialized antibodies expressed early in ontogeny in sharks and other vertebrates were likely present at the inception of the adaptive immune system., Cited By (since 1996):41, CODEN: PNASA, Fish and Fisheries Rumfelt, Avila, Diaz, Bartl, McKinney, Flajnik The transmission of phocine herpesvirus-1 in rehabilitating and free-ranging Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in California, Phocine herpesvirus-1 (PhHV-1) causes regular outbreaks of disease in neonatal harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) at rehabilitation centers in Europe and in the U.S. To investigate transmission of this virus samples were collected from harbor seal pups during exposure studies at a Californian rehabilitation center from 1999 to 2002 and from free-ranging harbor seals off central California during the same period. The exposure studies provided evidence that PhHV-1 can be transmitted horizontally between animals most likely through direct contact with oro-nasal secretions. However vertical transmission may also occur, as adult female harbor seals were found to be shedding the virus in vaginal and nasal secretions, and premature newborn pups had evidence of early infection. Results also indicated that PhHV-1 infections were common in both free-ranging (40%, 49/121) and rehabilitating (54%, 46/85) young harbor seals, during the spring and early summer. This timing, which correlated with pupping and weaning, suggested that the majority of animals were infected and infective with PhHV-1 between pupping and breeding. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., Cited By (since 1996):9, Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles, CODEN: VMICD, , Goldstein, Mazet, Gulland, Rowles, Harvey, Allen, King, Aldridge, Stott Dietary niche expansion of a kelp forest predator recovering from intense commercial exploitation Marine ecosystems are increasingly at risk from overexploitation and fisheries collapse. As managers implement recovery plans, shifts in species interactions may occur broadly with potential consequences for ecosystem structure and function. In kelp forests off San Nicolas Island, California, USA, we describe striking changes in size structure and life history traits (e.g., size at maturation and sex change) of a heavily fished, ecologically important predator, the California sheephead (Semicossyphus pulcher). These changes occurred in two phases: (1) after intense commercial fishery exploitation in the late 1990s and (2) following recovery in the late 2000s, nearly a decade after management intervention. Using gut contents and stable-isotope values of sheephead and their prey, we found evidence for a dietary niche expansion upon recovery of population size structure to include increased consumption of sea urchins and other mobile invertebrate grazers by larger sized fish. By examining historical diet data and a time series of benthic community composition, we conclude that changes in dietary niche breadth are more likely due to the recovery of size structure from fishing than major shifts in prey availability. Size-dependent predator-prey interactions may have ecosystem consequences and management measures that preserve or restore size structure, and therefore historical trophic roles of key predators, could be vital for maintaining kelp forest ecosystem health. © 2014 by the Ecological Society of America., Fish and Fisheries Hamilton, Newsome, Caselle Contamination of the deep-sea, Cited By (since 1996):17 Oceanography, CODEN: MPNBA, , , Ballschmiter, Froescheis, Jarman, Caillet Tidal and nontidal oscillations in Elkhorn Slough, CA, Elkhorn Slough is a shallow, tidally forced estuary that is directly connected to Monterey Bay. It is ebb-dominated and, due to continued erosion, the tidal prism has tripled over the past 40 years. Water level measurements at four locations are used to examine tidal and nontidal oscillations in Elkhorn Slough. The tidal response of Elkhorn Slough differs from that of Monterey Bay primarily due to the generation of a relatively large number of shallow-water tidal constituents that are due to tidal distortion caused by friction along the bottom and lateral boundaries, intertidal storage, and nonlinear advection. The shallow-water constituents range from 3 to almost 15 cycles per day (cpd) and include a rich variety of overtides and compound tides, whose amplitudes generally increase toward the head of the slough. The tidal harmonics are seasonally dependent, with lower amplitudes during the fall and winter and higher amplitudes in summer. The tidal constituents were examined using two types of spectral decomposition, the conventional power spectrum and the more recent Hilbert spectrum. Unlike the power spectrum, the Hilbert spectrum does not reveal any harmonic structure in the data. Energy associated with tidal distortion in this case appears to be broadly distributed across the spectral continuum. At least four nontidal oscillations occur in Elkhorn Slough with frequencies of 26.0, 39.7, 52.7, and 66.9 cpd. The Hilbert spectrum reveals maxima at 26, 39.7, and 66.9 cpd, but not at 52.7 cpd, suggesting that it is harmonically related to the oscillation at 26.0 cpd. The nontidal oscillations fall into the range of frequencies associated with the natural oscillations of Monterey Bay. However, evolutionary power spectra indicate that they appear to be permanent features of the system and thus are not necessarily consistent with seiche-like oscillations that are often transient and subject to damping. These oscillations could be caused by several factors including edge waves along the coast of Monterey Bay, long-period surface waves of atmospheric origin that enter the bay from offshore, or breaking internal waves in and around the Monterey Submarine Canyon. In conclusion, detailed hydrodynamic models are needed to provide a better understanding of how tidal harmonics are generated and preserved in Elkhorn Slough, and to determine the origin of the natural oscillations in Monterey Bay. © 2007 Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation., Cited By (since 1996):12, , Breaker, Broenkow, Watson, Jo Sedimentation in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica: A disturbance mechanism for benthic invertebrates, A slumping event that occurred on permanent transect lines from 12- to 30- m depth located at Arrival Heights, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica in 1993, provided an opportunity to examine the effects of sediment-mediated disturbance on the benthic invertebrate fauna. The disturbance had a particularly significant impact on the soft coral Alcyonium paessleri, which resulted in 84% colony mortality downslope from the slump site compared to an average annual mortality rate of 14% on control transects. In contrast, anchor ice at the same site accounted for removal of 5% of the population in 1992. Laboratory experiments with A. paessleri colonies under conditions of periodic sediment resuspension indicate that the soft corals are susceptible to this form of disturbance. Our observations suggest they are capable of shedding fine silt in the laboratory, which might ex-plain the presence of A. paessleri in soft-sediment sites around McMurdo Sound. However, scarring by larger gravel in laboratory assays was slow to heal and may account for much of the colony mortality we observed. Several invertebrate-barren rocky benthic regions in McMurdo Sound were suggestive of historical slumping events. Given the removal of the smaller grain size sediments from these areas - a typically slow process it appears these communities are slow to recover. The long-term effects of sedimentation on the benthic communities are unknown, but the impact on A. paessleri, one of the most common and fastest growing species, suggests this disturbance mechanism could lead to significant restructuring of these communities., Cited By (since 1996):13, Invertebrates, CODEN: POBID, , Slattery, Bockus Particulate thallium fluxes in the northeast pacific, Particulate fluxes of thallium in the northeast Pacific exhibit pronounced spatial gradients, which range over four orders of magnitude (3 X 10-1 to 5.4 X 103 nmol m-2a-1) and show scavenging by both organic and inorganic processes. They are highly correlated (R=0.96) with POC fluxes, have have elevated rates in coastal upwelling waters, and decrease exponentially with depth. They also appear to be correlated with lateral fluxes of manganese (hydro)oxides off the continental shelf. These findings substantiate recent seawater measurements which indicate that metastable species of monovalent thallium are cycled through the marine biosphere as a potassium analogue, whereas thermodynamically stable trivalent thallium (TI (OH)3) is scavenged by ferromanganese (hydro)oxides. © 1989., Cited By (since 1996):11, CODEN: MRCHB, , Flegal, Sanudo-Wilhelmy, Fitzwater An overview on the role of Hexanchiformes in marine ecosystems, The large size, high trophic level and wide distribution of Hexanchiformes (cow and frilled sharks) should position this order as important apex predators in coastal and deep-water ecosystems. This review synthesizes available information on Hexanchiformes, including information not yet published, with the purpose of evaluating their conservation status and assessing their ecological roles in the dynamics of marine ecosystems. Comprising six species, this group has a wide global distribution, with members occurring from shallow coastal areas to depths of c. 2500 m. The limited information available on their reproductive biology suggests that they could be vulnerable to overexploitation (e.g. small litter sizes for most species and suspected long gestation periods). Most of the fishing pressure exerted on Hexanchiformes is in the form of commercial by-catch or recreational fishing. Comprehensive stock and impact assessments are unavailable for most species in most regions due to limited information on life history and catch and abundance time series. When hexanchiform species have been commercially harvested, however, they have been unable to sustain targeted fisheries for long periods. The potentially high vulnerability to intense fishing pressure warrants a conservative exploitation of this order until thorough quantitative assessments are conducted. At least some species have been shown to be significant apex predators in the systems they inhabit. Should Hexanchiformes be removed from coastal and deep-water systems, the lack of sympatric shark species that share the same resources suggests no other species would be capable of fulfilling their apex predator role in the short term. This has potential ecosystem consequences such as meso-predator release or trophic cascades. This review proposes some hypotheses on the ecology of Hexanchiformes and their role in ecosystem dynamics, highlighting the areas where critical information is required to stimulate research directions. © 2012 The Authors. Journal of Fish Biology © 2012 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles., CODEN: JFIBA, , , Fish and Fisheries Barnett, Braccini, Awruch, Ebert Entanglements of marine mammals and seabirds in central California and the north-west coast of the United States 2001-2005, Entanglement records for seabirds and marine mammals were investigated for the period 2001-2005. The entanglement records were extracted from databases maintained by seven organizations operating along the west coast of the United States of America. Their programmes included beach monitoring surveys, rescue and rehabilitation and regional pinniped censuses. Records of 454 entanglements were documented in live animals and in carcasses for 31 bird species and nine marine mammal species. The most frequently entangled species were Common Murres, Western Gulls and California sea lions. The entanglement materials identified were primarily fishing related. Entanglements were recorded every year suggesting that although the incidence level differs annually, entanglement is a persistent problem. It is recommended that each programme records details in standardized categories to determine entanglement material sources. Numbers of entanglements observed during these surveys are likely to be a conservative view of the actual entanglement rate taking place at sea. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd., Cited By (since 1996):9, Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles, CODEN: MPNBA, , Moore, Lyday, Roletto, Litle, Parrish, Nevins, Harvey, Mortenson, Greig, Piazza, Hermance, Lee, Adams, Allen, Kell Antibodies to phocine herpesvirus-1 are common in North American harbor seals (Phoca Vitulina), Phocine herpesvirus-1 (PhHV-1) has been associated with morbidity and high mortality in neonatal harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) along the Pacific coast of California (USA) and in northern Europe. Seals dying with PhHV-1 associated disease in California primarily have histopathologic evidence of adrenal necrosis or adrenalitis with herpesviral inclusion bodies. Little is known about prevalence of exposure to PhHV-1, modes of disease transmission, and viral pathogenesis in free-ranging harbor seal populations. To evaluate the prevalence in North America, 866 serum samples collected between 1994 and 2002 from harbor seals captured or stranded on the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of North America were assayed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for evidence of PhHV-1 exposure. Samples from three harbor seal age classes (pre-weaned, weaned, and subadults/adults) were obtained from each of four regions to compare exposure among sex, age class, and region. We found increasing prevalence with age as 37.5% of pre-weaned pups, 87.6% of weaned pups, and 99.0% of subadults and adults were seropositive. When accounting for age, no associations between seropositivity and sex or location of harbor seals were detected. These data indicate that PhHV-1 is endemic in the harbor seal populations of North America. © Wildlife Disease Association 2003., Cited By (since 1996):7, Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles, , Goldstein, Gulland, Aldridge, Harvey, Rowles, Lambourn, Jeffries, Measures, Yochem, Stewart, Small, King, Stott, Mazet Cailliet (138) + - Coale (97) + - Harvey (93) + - Ebert (77) + - Johnson (74) + - Martin (48) + - Andrews (38) + - Smith (38) + - Greene (35) + - Brown (32) + - Geller (29) + - Breaker (27) + - Loeb (27) + - Kim (26) + - Fitzwater (25) + - Gordon (24) + - Knauer (24) + - Oliver (18) + - Stephenson (18) + - Collins, C.A. (1) + - Ivanov, L.M. (1) + - Margolina, T.M. (1) + - Wendt, Dean (1) + - Publication (949) + -	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line268
__label__wiki	0.81961	0.81961	Malone, Daniel (x) › Kim (x) › Thrush (x) › Houlihan (x) › Comparison of seastar (Asteroidea) fauna across island groups of the Scotia Arc, The Antarctic shelf fauna is isolated from other continental shelf faunas both physically by distance, and oceanographically by the Antarctic circumpolar current (ACC). To elucidate the relative importance of these two isolating mechanisms, we used the seastar fauna of the south-Atlantic sub-Antarctic islands to address the hypothesis that the ACC is dominant in controlling the distribution pattern of Antarctic fauna. We expected that seastar faunas from islands on the high latitude side of the ACC would show more similarities to each other than to faunas from islands on the low latitude side. The alternative isolation by distance model predicted that the island furthest from others would have the most unique fauna. For shelf-depth (<500 m) Asteroidea of the Scotia Arc region, assemblages were more similar between islands on each side of the ACC barrier than islands that were closer together, and this pattern was caused by differences in abundance of a few ubiquitous species. © 2006 Springer-Verlag., Cited By (since 1996):3 Invertebrates, , Kim, Thurber The development of a new optical total suspended matter algorithm for the Chesapeake Bay, Sediment loading is one of the primary threats to the health of the Chesapeake Bay. We have developed a high resolution (250m) ocean color satellite tool to monitor sediment concentrations in the Bay. In situ optical and sediment sampling is used to develop a total suspended matter (TSM) algorithm for the Chesapeake Bay. The Coastal Optical Characterization Experiment (COCE) is part of an ongoing effort to optically characterize processes and to develop regional remote sensing ocean color algorithms in the coastal waters. The goal is to characterize sediment concentrations and to develop a tool to track plumes cascading down the Bay following heavy rainfall events. Background TSM concentrations in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed can also be characterized. The plumes can have potentially devastating effects on the Chesapeake Bay's fragile ecosystem by increasing nutrient loads, depositing sediments, and decreasing salinity and light levels. Sampling took place throughout 2006 to 2008 in the upper and mid portions of the Chesapeake Bay. Measurements of TSM, chlorophyll a (Chl), and hyperspectral optics were collected. The optical measurements included above water surface irradiance (E s(λ)), in-water downwelling irradiance (E d(λ)) and in-water upwelling radiance (L u(λ)). These optical data were used to analyze the performance and utility of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqua Band 1 (645nm) for use as a TSM monitoring tool. From the optical measurements we have derived a 3rd order polynomial regression of TSM to normalized water-leaving radiance (r 2=0.79) to form an algorithm that quantitatively relates TSM to the MODIS 250m resolution band 1 (645nm). The algorithm performance was validated (a mean percent difference of -4.2%) against 270 total suspended solids samples collected by the Chesapeake Bay Program during routine water quality monitoring of the Chesapeake Bay environment. The TSM algorithm tool is then used to demonstrate monitoring of significant runoff events that occurred in June, 2006 and March, 2008. In addition, the utility of the Chesapeake Bay TSM product is demonstrated by describing regional and seasonal variations in sediment concentrations throughout the Chesapeake Bay for 2009. Mean concentrations ranged from 11.55mg/l in the upper Chesapeake Bay winter season to 6.37mg/l in the middle Chesapeake Bay spring season. These remote sensing tools can be valuable instruments in the detection and tracking of runoff events and background concentration for monitoring the health and recovery of the Chesapeake Bay. © 2012., Cited By (since 1996):7, CODEN: RSEEA, , , Oceanography Ondrusek, Stengel, Kinkade, Vogel, Keegstra, Hunter, Kim Seastar response to organic enrichment in an oligotrophic polar habitat, The high Antarctic marine system, including McMurdo Sound, is food limited. Benthic scavengers, especially the seastar Odontaster validus, respond rapidly to sources of organic material, however, fecal material from the McMurdo Station sewage outfall is not consumed. Laboratory and field experiments showed that O. validus responded quickly (within hours) to organically enriched sediments, but that the presence of the anaerobic bacteria Beggiatoa spp. modified seastar behavior. In the lab, anoxic sediments, even more strongly than the presence of Beggiatoa, caused seastar avoidance. In the field, Beggiatoa caused seastar avoidance even of organically enriched sediments. The large mass of organic material remaining from pre-sewage treatment years at the McMurdo outfall is currently completely covered by a thick Beggiatoa microbial mat. O. validus and other megafaunal scavengers are abundant nearby but do not feed on the sewage organics that are covered by the microbes. The outfall deposit is thus likely to exist for a long period of time, undergoing slow anaerobic microbial degradation rather than rapid processing by megafaunal scavengers. This is an example of competition between constituents of the microbial and megafaunal communities and espouses the need for an ecosystem approach to ecology rather than community analysis within a limited size class (i.e. mega-, macro-, meio-, or micro-fauna). © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., Cited By (since 1996):10, Invertebrates, CODEN: JEMBA, , Kim, Thurber, Hammerstrom, Conlan Ocean optics protocols for satellite ocean color semsor validation, revision 4, Volume VI: Special topics in ocean protocols and appendices, Mueller, Clark, Kuwahara, Lazin, Brown, Fargion, Yarbrough, Feinholz, Flora, Broenkow, Kim, Johnson, Yuen, Strutton, Dickey, Abbott, Letelier, Lewis, McLean, Chavez, Barnard, Morrison, Subramaniam, Manov, Zheng, Harding Jr., Barnes, Lykke Hydrothermal vent community zonation along environmental gradients at the Lau back-arc spreading center, The Lau back-arc spreading center exhibits gradients in hydrothermal vent habitat characteristics from north to south. Biological zonation within a few meters of vents has been described as temperature driven. We constructed georeferenced photomosaics of the seafloor out to tens of meters beyond vents to describe peripheral zonation and explore correlations between environmental conditions and the biological community. Cluster analysis separated northern sites from southern sites, corresponding to a break in substrate from basalt in the north to andesite in the south. Northern sites were dominated by anemones, and southern by sponges. A previous suggestion that dominants may be dependent on friability of the substrate was not supported; when visually distinguishable, individual species within taxa showed different patterns. Northern sites hosted proportionally more suspension feeding species. Sulfide that can support microbial food sources is at higher concentrations at these sites, though bathymetry that may enhance bottom currents is less rugged. Northern sites had higher diversity that may result from the overall northwards flow, which would generally permit easier dispersal downcurrent, though we observed no difference in dispersal strategies at different sites., Cited By (since 1996):1, CODEN: DRORE, , Kim, Hammerstrom Development of the ROV SCINI and deployment in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) are powerful tools whose use has become common in many aquatic systems, for many purposes, from commercial to research applications. Polar regions, because of ice cover and harsh conditions, remain difficult locations for ROV work. This paper outlines the development of an ROV designed to facilitate exploration and scientific research under sea ice, giving easier access to largely unexplored regions of the seafloor. The ROV SCINI (Submersible Capable of under Ice Navigation and Imaging) was developed at Moss Landing Marine Laboratories and deployed in Antarctica for four field seasons, from 2007 to 2011. Ice provides a convenient deployment platform but commercially available ROVs require a large hole in the ice and much logistic support, which restricts their use in polar regions. Unlike other ROVs, SCINI has a slender torpedo shape (length: 1.4 m, diameter: 15 cm), which allows it to be deployed through a 20 cm hole in the ice. This small hole can be drilled by two people, using a handheld drill. The entire SCINI system and personnel (three or more persons) can fit in one helicopter, thus giving easy and quick access to remote sites. SCINI is a modular vehicle that can easily be modified or serviced in the field. It is also rugged and designed for harsh polar conditions. SCINI is equipped with two video cameras, scaling lasers, and lights. Its maximum depth capability is 300 m. A long baseline acoustic positioning system is used for navigation. SCINI is a highly manoeuvrable vehicle, better suited for flying transects over the seafloor than most ROVs. Engineering tests and scientific surveys were based out of McMurdo Station, Antarctica, and carried out at various sites within a 100 km radius. Knowledge gained from these deployments led to numerous modifications and improvements to the vehicle. This paper provides details on the vehicle's most recent configuration, including mechanical design, electrical design, software, and navigation system. Deployment methods, vehicle behaviour, and results of field testing are described. Four scientific surveys are also briefly described as examples. Copyright Journal of Ocean Technology 2011., Cited By (since 1996):3, Oceanography Cazenave, Zook, Carroll, Flagg, Kim New molluscan larval form: Brooding and development in a hydrothermal vent gastropod, Ifremeria nautilei (Provannidae), Despite extreme differences between some shallow and deep-sea habitats, the developmental modes and larval forms of deep-sea animals are typically similar to those of their shallow-water relatives. Here we report one of the first documented exceptions to this general rule. The hydrothermal vent snail Ifremeria nautilei displays two novel lifehistory traits: (1) an unusual uniformly ciliated larva that we here name Warén's larva, and (2) internal brood protection in a modified metapodial pedal gland. Warén's larva emerges from the internal brood pouch as a fully ciliated lecithotrophic larva with a unique external cuticle. The larvae swim with their posterior end forward and metamorphose into typical veliger larvae after 15 days at room temperature. Warén's larva is the only known example of a free-swimming pre-veliger larval stage in the higher gastropods and is the first new gastropod larval form to be described in more than 100 years. © 2010 Marine Biological Laboratory., Cited By (since 1996):2, CODEN: BIBUB, , Reynolds, Watanabe, Strong, Sasaki, Uematsu, Miyake, Kojima, Suzuki, Fujikura, Kim, Young Distribution and near-bottom transport of larvae and other plankton at hydrothermal vents, Distributions of larvae of benthic invertebrates and other planktonic organisms (holoplankton) were determined near hydrothermal vents along the East Pacific Rise (9°50'N) and combined with current meter records to estimate the extent and direction of transport in near-bottom flows. Diurnal tidal currents were strong enough to transport larvae substantial distances (up to 2 km) across the ridge axis during a single 12-h excursion. Potential longer-term transport in mean flows, however, appeared to be relatively slow (typically less than 1 km d-1). The proportion of larvae dispersing in near-bottom flows, as opposed to becoming entrained into the buoyant plume (and transported up out of the near-bottom environment) was estimated for a range of vent community sizes and black-smoker buoyancy fluxes, using a buoyant-plume entrainment model. These estimates suggested that larvae were most often transported in near-bottom currents, but that plume-level dispersal dominated for short periods of the tidal cycle (0.5-3 h) when the currents were slower than 1-2 cm s-1. The plume exit temperature also affects entrainment rate, so the proportion of larvae in each transport pathway (near-bottom flows and buoyant plumes) should vary substantially among vent habitats surrounding different temperature vents. The presence of certain holoplankton groups in diffuse vent flows, and their elevated abundances within the axial ridge valley, raises the possibility that these groups may be specifically associated with vent habitats., Cited By (since 1996):38, Invertebrates, CODEN: DSROE, , Kim, Mullineaux Benthic changes during 10 years of organic enrichment by McMurdo Station, Antarctica, A benthic habitat along the coast of McMurdo Station in the Ross Sea, Antarctica is enriched by sewage from the station and altered by hydrocarbons and heavy metals in an adjacent historic dumpsite. We report on 10 years of change in the benthic communities from 1988 to 1998 and compare enrichment effects at Australia's Casey Station, East Antarctica. Despite being 14 km apart, reference communities upcurrent and downcurrent of McMurdo Station remained closely similar over time, dominated in all years by a tube building polychaete, Spiophanes tcherniae. The community bordering McMurdo Station was generally a third as abundant as communities at the reference sites over the decade of sampling, although diversity was as high or higher, except in the most contaminated areas. In 1992, organic enrichment of the outfall community intensified and within the year, the opportunistic polychaetes Aphelochaeta sp., Ophryotrocha notialis, Capitella perarmata, and Leitoscoloplos kerguelensis became dominant. Since 1996, two of the three enriched communities have increased in resemblance to the reference communities. Given the observed responsiveness of the benthos to the outfall so far, further changes are anticipated within the year following implementation of sewage treatment in 2003. Organic enrichment by McMurdo Station has had a greater impact on benthic community structure than at Australia's Casey Station. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved., Cited By (since 1996):37, CODEN: MPNBA, , Conlan, Kim, Lenihan, Oliver Recruitment, Growth and Mortality of an Antarctic Hexactinellid Sponge, Anoxycalyx joubini Polar ecosystems are sensitive to climate forcing, and we often lack baselines to evaluate changes. Here we report a nearly 50-year study in which a sudden shift in the population dynamics of an ecologically important, structure-forming hexactinellid sponge, Anoxycalyx joubini was observed. This is the largest Antarctic sponge, with individuals growing over two meters tall. In order to investigate life history characteristics of Antarctic marine invertebrates, artificial substrata were deployed at a number of sites in the southern portion of the Ross Sea between 1967 and 1975. Over a 22-year period, no growth or settlement was recorded for A. joubini on these substrata; however, in 2004 and 2010, A. joubini was observed to have settled and grown to large sizes on some but not all artificial substrata. This single settlement and growth event correlates with a region-wide shift in phytoplankton productivity driven by the calving of a massive iceberg. We also report almost complete mortality of large sponges followed over 40 years. Given our warming global climate, similar system-wide changes are expected in the future. © 2013 Dayton et al., Cited By (since 1996):4, Art. No.: e56939, Downloaded from: http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0056939 (16 June 2014). Dayton, Kim, Jarrell, Oliver, Hammerstrom, Fisher, O'Connor, Barber, Robilliard, Barry, Thurber, Conlan Fishing for data in the Ross Sea, Cited By (since 1996):5, CODEN: SCIEA, , , Blight, Ainley, Ackley, Ballard, Ballerini, Brownell Jr., Cheng, Chiantore, Costa, Coulter, Dayton, Devries, Dunbar, Earle, Eastman, Emslie, Evans, Garrott, Kim, Kooyman, Lescroël, Lizotte, Massaro, Olmastroni, Ponganis, Russell, Siniff, Smith Jr., Stewart, Stirling, Willis, Wilson, Woehler Swarming benthic crustaceans in the Bering and Chukchi seas and their relation to geographic patterns in gray whale feeding, Swarms differed in their geographic extent, local biomass, and life stages of swarming individuals and thus in their availability to feeding Eschrichtius robustus. Immature amphipods apparently swarmed for dispersal, whereas cumaceans probably swarmed for mating. All life stages of the hyperbenthic mysids occurred above the sea floor. Although the geographic spread of mysid swarms and shrimp communities was much greater than for the amphipod and cumacean swarms, the latter swarmed in denser patches to produce higher local biomass. Crustacean swarms are important in describing the geographic patterns of gray whale feeding from the Chukchi Sea to Baja California. The primary feeding ground is in the S Chukchi Sea and especially the N Bering Sea, where gray whales suck infaunal amphipods from fine sand. The primary feeding ground is divided into a relatively deep zone (>20 m), where tube-dwelling ampeliscid amphipods are the major prey, and a shallow zone (<20 m), where burrowing pontoporeid amphipods dominate. The secondary feeding ground is in the S Bering Sea along the E Alaska Peninsula and adjacent Alaskan mainland where shrimp and mysids are the major prey. -from Authors, Cited By (since 1996):16, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles, , Kim, Oliver Nesting behavior of the icefish Chaenocephalus aceratus at Bouvetøya Island, Southern Ocean, We describe in situ observations on nesting by the Scotia Sea (or blackfin) icefish Chaenocephalus aceratus (Lönnberg) that constitute the first substantive evidence of egg brooding and parental care by species of the family Channichthyidae. At Boutetoya Island six fish, all apparently male, were observed guarding egg nests at depths of 141-148 m during an ROV deployment. Eggs were laid as aggregated, round masses (∼20-25 cm diameter) in shallow, circular depressions (~1-m diameter, ∼20-cm depth) that were probably excavated by the parent(s) to protect the nests. The fish guardians remained tenaciously in contact with the eggs despite disturbances caused by the ROV, reacting to this threat with stress and defense behaviors. Because brooding fishes are more susceptible to the population impacts from trawl fisheries, we argue that this life history should be kept in mind in designing management schemes. © Springer-Verlag 2005., Cited By (since 1996):18, CODEN: POBID, , Detrich III, Jones, Kim, North, Thurber, Vacchi Variation in the biomass density and demography of Antarctic krill in the vicinity of the South Shetland Islands during the 1999/2000 austral summer, Vessels from Japan, Peru, and the USA conducted four sequential surveys designed to estimate the biomass density and demography of Antarctic krill in the vicinity of the South Shetland Islands between late December 1999 and early March 2000. The surveys were conducted during the same austral summer as the CCAMLR 2000 Survey in the Scotia Sea (Watkins et al., Deep-Sea Research, II, this issue [doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.06.010]), and the data were analyzed in a similar manner. Biomass densities were not significantly different between the surveys and averaged 49 g m -2. Maps of krill biomass indicate three areas of consistently high density: one near the eastern end of Elephant Island, one mid-way between Elephant Island and King George Island, and one near Cape Shirreff on the north side of Livingston Island. The areas of highest krill density appeared to move closer to the shelf break as the season progressed. This apparent movement was accompanied by a change in the demographic structure of the population, with smaller krill absent and a larger proportion of sexually mature animals present in late summer., Cited By (since 1996):8, CODEN: DSROE, Antarctica, , Hewitt, Kim, Naganobu, Gutierrez, Kang, Takao, Quinones, Lee, Shin, Kawaguchi, Emery, Demer, Loeb High species density patterns in macrofaunal invertebrate communities in the marine benthos, Species density of macrofaunal invertebrates living in marine soft sediments was highest at the shelf-slope break (100-150m) in Monterey Bay (449 m-2). There were 337 species m-2 in the mid-shelf mud zone (80 m). There were fewer species along the slope: 205 m-2 from the lower slope (950-2000 m) and 335 m-2 on the upper slope (250-750 m). Species density was highest inside the bay (328-446 m-2) compared to outside (336-339 m-2), when examining samples at selected water depths (60-1000 m). There was little difference in local species density from 1 km of shoreline compared to regional species density along 1000 km of shoreline at both shelf and slope depths. The highest species densities worldwide in the literature are recorded along the Carolina slope in the Atlantic Ocean, where peak species density (436/0.81 m2) at 800 m and values at the largest sample areas are similar to those on the Monterey Bay shelf. We speculate that the highest species densities occur where ocean water exchanges energy with shoaling topography at the continental margin, bringing more food to the benthos -- areas such as the very productive waters in the upwelling system of Monterey Bay., Cited By (since 1996):1, , Oliver, Hammerstrom, McPhee-Shaw, Slattery, Oakden, Kim, Hartwell Polar ecosystem dynamics: Recovery of communities from organic enrichment in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, Community structure and diversity are influenced by patterns of disturbance and input of food. In Antarctica, the marine ecosystem undergoes highly seasonal changes in availability of light and in primary production. Near research stations, organic input from human activities can disturb the regular productivity regime with a consistent input of sewage. McMurdo Sound has both high-productivity and low-productivity habitats, thereby providing an ideal test bed for community recovery dynamics under polar conditions. We used experimental manipulations of the subtidal communities to test the hypotheses that (1) benthic communities respond differently to disturbance from organic enrichment versus burial and (2) community response also varies in areas with different natural patterns of food supply. Both in low- and high-food habitats, the strongest community response was to organic enrichment and resulted in dominance of typical organic-enrichment specialists. In habitats with highly seasonal productivity, community response was predictable and recovery was rapid. In habitats with low productivity, community variability was high and caging treatments suggested that inconsistencies were due to patchy impacts by scavengers. In areas normally subject to regular organic enrichment, either from primary production or from further up the food web (defecation by marine mammals), recovery of benthic communities takes only years even in a polar system. However, a low-productivity regime is as common in near shore habitats around the continent; under these conditions, recovery of benthic communities from disturbance is likely to be much slower and follow a variable ecological trajectory. © The Author 2010. Published y Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology. All rights reserved., Cited By (since 1996):2, , Kim, Hammerstom, Conlan, Thurber Antarctic research bases, Contemporary studies of chemical contamination in Antarctica commonly focus on remnants of historical local releases or long-range transport of legacy pollutants. To protect the continent's pristine status, the Antarctic Treaty's Protocol on Environmental Protection prohibits importation of persistent organic pollutants. However, some polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners exhibit similar properties. Many modern polymer-containing products, e.g., home/office furnishings and electronics, contain percent levels of flame retardant PBDEs. PBDE concentrations in indoor dust and wastewater sludge from the U.S. McMurdo and New Zealand-operated Scott Antarctic research bases were high. Levels tracked those in sludge and dust from their respective host countries. BDE-209, the major constituent in the commercial deca-PBDE product, was the dominant congener in sludge and dust, as well as aquatic sediments collected near the McMurdo wastewater outfall. The pattern and level of BDE-209 sediment concentrations, in conjunction with its limited environmental mobility, suggest inputs from local sources. PBDE concentrations in fish and invertebrates nearthe McMurdo outfall rivaled those in urbanized areas of North America and generally decreased with distance. The data indicate that reliance on wastewater maceration alone, as stipulated by the Protocol, may permit entry of substantial amounts of PBDEs and other chemicals to the Antarctic environment. © 2008 American Chemical Society., Cited By (since 1996):48, Antarctica, CODEN: ESTHA, , Hale, Kim, Harvey, La Guardia, Mainor, Bush, Jacobs Peripheral communities of the Eastern Lau Spreading Center and Valu Fa Ridge: community composition, temporal change and comparison to near-vent communities Western Pacific hydrothermal vents will soon be subjected to deep-sea mining and peripheral sites are considered the most practical targets. The limited information on community dynamics and temporal change in these communities makes it difficult to anticipate the impact of mining activities and recovery trajectories. We studied community composition of peripheral communities along a cline in hydrothermal chemistry on the Eastern Lau Spreading Center and Valu Fa Ridge (ELSC-VFR) and also studied patterns of temporal change. Peripheral communities located in the northern vent fields of the ELSC-VFR are significantly different from those in the southern vent fields. Higher abundances of zoanthids and anemones were found in northern peripheral sites and the symbiont-containing mussel Bathymodiolus brevior, brisingid seastars and polynoids were only present in the northern peripheral sites. By contrast, certain faunal groups were seen only in the southern peripheral sites, such as lollipop sponges, pycnogonids and ophiuroids. Taxonomic richness of the peripheral communities was similar to that of active vent communities, due to the presence of non-vent endemic species that balanced the absence of species found in areas of active venting. The communities present at waning active sites resemble those of peripheral sites, indicating that peripheral species can colonize previously active vent sites in addition to settling in the periphery of areas of venting. Growth and mortality were observed in a number of the normally slow-growing cladorhizid stick sponges, indicating that these animals may exhibit life history strategies in the vicinity of vents that differ from those previously recorded. A novel facultative association between polynoids and anemones is proposed based on their correlated distributions., Accepted Sen, Kim, Miller, Hovey, Hourdez, Luther, Fisher Benthic infaunal distributions in shallow hydrothermal vent sediments, This study examined the macrofaunal communities of two shallow hydrothermal vent areas, in Bahía Concepción (12 m depth), Mexico, and White Point (8 m depth), California. We tested whether the infaunal community compositions in these systems were different from the surrounding communities, and if the observed differences were related to pore-water and other habitat variables. A combination of temperature, hydrogen sulfide, salinity, and pH influenced the species composition within zones of venting. The vent communities, with a few exceptions, were a sub-set of the surrounding community, represented by a limited diversity of outside fauna in lower abundance. Examination of infaunal life-histories revealed that tube-dwelling and mobile species represented a relatively higher proportion of the fauna near vents than away. Tubes were proposed as a beneficial life-history strategy to inhabitants of the high temperatures of Bahía Concepción, but did not predominate in the high sulfide sediments of White Point. Furthermore, there was no evidence for chemosynthetic strategies amongst the shallow vent infauna, unlike fauna at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. © 2008 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved., Cited By (since 1996):5, Invertebrates, CODEN: ACOEE, , Melwani, Kim Benthic changes at McMurdo Station, Antarctica following local sewage treatment and regional iceberg-mediated productivity decline, McMurdo Station, the largest research station in Antarctica, ceased on-site garbage dumping in 1988 and initiated sewage treatment in 2003. In 2003-2004 its sea-ice regime was altered by the massive B-15A and C-19 iceberg groundings in the Ross Sea, approximately 100 km distant. Here we follow macrofaunal response to these changes relative to a baseline sampled since 1988. In the submarine garbage dump, surface contaminants levels have declined but associated macrofaunal recolonization is not yet evident. Although sewage-associated macrofauna were still abundant around the outfall nearly 2 yr after initiation of treatment, small changes downcurrent as far as 434 m from the outfall suggest some community recovery. Widespread community changes in 2003-2004, not seen in the decade previously, suggests that the benthos collectively responded to major changes in sea-ice regime and phytoplankton production caused by the iceberg groundings. Crown Copyright © 2009., Cited By (since 1996):9, Invertebrates, Antarctica, CODEN: MPNBA, , Conlan, Kim, Thurber, Hendrycks Conlan (6) + - Thurber (6) + - Hammerstrom (4) + - Oliver (4) + - Dayton (2) + - Fisher (2) + - Lewis (2) + - Abbott (1) + - Ackley (1) + - Ainley (1) + - Ballard (1) + - Ballerini (1) + - Barber (1) + - Barnard (1) + - Barnes (1) + - Barry (1) + - Blight (1) + - Broenkow (1) + - Publication (21) + -	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line269
__label__cc	0.605533	0.394467	Flowers in a Tazza (New York) Flower Still-Life & Nature Study New York, Sotheby's, January 26, 2006, lot #7 Jan Brueghel the Younger (1601-1678) Ertz 1979, #269 Ertz 2008-10, #452 as Jan the Elder with the tazza and a few flowers by Jan the Younger Martouret collection, Saint Etienne E. Plietzsch, Berlin, before 1938 L. Lange auction, Berlin, July - September, 4, 1938, lot #3 Sotheby's, Monaco, December 2, 1998, lot #322 Private collection, Paris, 1991 Sotheby's, New York, Jan. 26, 1996, lot #17 Saint-Étienne, France Martouret Collection Until 1938 Berlin, Germany E. Plietzsch Jul to Sep 4 1938 Berlin, Germany Sale, L. Lange, Lot #3 1991 Paris, France Private Collection Jan 26 1996 New York, NY, United States Sale, Sotheby's, Lot #17 Dec 2 1998 Monaco Sale, Sotheby's, Lot #322 Jan Brueghel the Younger Tazza with Wreath of Flowers and Box of Jewels and Coins (Brussels) Brussels, Musées Royaux des Beaux-Arts de Belgique Tazza with Flowers Tumbling over the Bowl London, British Museum Flowers in a Tazza (Netherlands) Private Collection/Art Market Flowers in a Painted Vase with Tazza and Wreath (Munich) Further Copies and Variants A variation by Jan Brueghel the Younger in the Norton Simon Museum Ertz 1979, cat. #269 Brenninkmeijer-de Rooij 1990, Type IX, fig. 16 Brenninkmeijer-De Rooij 1996, pp.61, 82, fig. 60 Ertz 2008-10, cat. #452, p. 958 Copies: one sold Galliera (Paris December 7, 1971) panel, 54 x 41; another by follower or studio w/ Gal. Pallamar, Vienna, 1968. Also one by Jan the Younger, with a few variations in table/ground area, in Pasadena, Norton Simon Museum. Preparatory drawing for this in British Museum (pen & ink, 25.5 x 35.6, signed). Although Ertz has gone on/off about attribution here, others (Segal, Hairs, Brenninkmeijer-de Rooij) have OK'd it. Brenninkmeijer-de Rooij suggests a date of 1611-18. Ertz gives it a later date so that he can argue for Jan the Younger as assistant, but that is really not necessary. The original size of this painting is 46.5 x 33 cm (octagonal); it has since been altered to 52.5 x 43 cm. A variation of this painting, executed by Jan Brueghel the Younger, is in Pasadena, Norton Simon Museum.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line270
__label__wiki	0.915947	0.915947	Let Palestinian police control Area C Kieron Monks http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2010/nov/01/palestinian-police-area-c-west-bank When Israeli officials say security is their highest priority, they do not mean in Area C. The 60% of the West Bank placed under their military control since the 1993 Oslo Accords has descended into lawlessness on their watch. Israel could stabilise areas plagued by violence and crime, and further its own interests, by conceding security responsibilities in these areas to the Palestinian Authority. While `A` areas ג€“ cities such as Ramallah and Nablus ג€“ have benefited from tight Palestinian Authority control, `C` areas have become notorious for car theft, drug dealing and the growing influence of armed gangs. Jari Kinnunen, lead adviser of the EU police, recently announced that poor policing has made them `safe havens for criminals`. Conditions are reaching crisis levels in H2, the `C` area of Hebron city, where traditional clans are the only semblance of authority. Palestinian families cannot go to Israeli soldiers to solve a burglary or resolve a matter of family honour. Instead they go to local Sheikhs, who impose the type of religious justice that deems pre-marital sex to be a capital offence. Feuds between families have become bloodier. The worst of these, between the Rayf and Rajabi families, has claimed 10 lives in the past five years. Sheikh al-Jabari, the patriarch of one of Hebron`s oldest families, is one of those charged with enforcing justice but he knows it is beyond him. `Criminals are stronger and braver now,` he told me. `Anyone can get an M16 or a Kalashnikov. I want the PA to have power; they would give rights to everybody. The (Israeli) army does not protect Palestinians; they watch fights on the streets and do nothing.` The Palestinian civil police (PCP) require special dispensation to operate in `C` areas and co-ordination is poor. They must seek permission to enter from the Israeli district command office (DCO), which radios the army, which responds via the DCO and back to the Palestinian police. The process typically takes several hours, and is hamstrung by language issues and inefficiency. Sometimes the answer is no, sometimes there is no answer at all. It is a running joke among Palestinian police that pursuits of suspects end on reaching the red-painted stones which mark the borders. Police say gunfights sometimes last for days without them being allowed to intervene. The frustration for the PA is that its police are capable of establishing security in all `C` areas. It is what the police have been trained to do through decades of funding and preparation from elite US and EU security agencies. Nablus was a hub of terror and kidnappings, until the PA were given control in 2007. Today it is a popular tourist destination and hosts the largest financial institutions. `There is no reason why they cannot take charge,` Kinnunen said. `They have more than enough training and manpower to police the whole country.` Sallam Fayyad favours ignoring Oslo`s divisions. `Area C is not in dispute, and is an integral part of occupied Palestinian land from 1967, on which the state of Palestine will be established,` he said recently. The prime minister has strongly advocated construction projects, illegal in `C` areas, as part of his bottom-up framework for establishing statehood. Unilateral actions risk provoking the Israeli authorities, who responded to suggestions of an independent declaration of statehood by threatening retaliation. The PA feels that if Netanyahu`s government is sincere in its stated intention to enable Palestinian statehood, it should be reassured by demonstrations of increased Palestinian capacity. `To prepare for statehood, the PA needs to function in all areas of the occupied territories,` said chief spokesman Ghassan Khatib. `It would benefit both sides to allow them to extend their security services.` However, the PA must recognise that functioning `in all areas` is wishful thinking, for now at least. Israel has more than 300,000 settlers living in `C` areas and their protection is the army`s main responsibility. Netanyahu has made promises to them he could not easily retract. To surrender Israeli citizens to Palestinian control would trigger a backlash that would dwarf the reaction to the Gush Katif pullout. The settlement blocs of Ariel and Ma`ale Adumim will never be on the table, and the Jordan Valley has too much financial and strategic value, but a handover could be phased in slowly. Beginning with Palestinian-only `C` areas would give the PA an opportunity to build trust in its capacities, providing a foothold towards further gains. The Israeli government has intimated a willingness to abandon `unauthorised` outposts given the right climate, which could be created by the restoration of order in volatile Palestinian areas. Giving the PA more security responsibility in `C` areas could reduce the threat to settlers. The PA has already shown its commitment to muzzling Israel`s enemies through arresting thousands of suspected Hamas operatives. The militants who killed four Kiryat Arba settlers in August would have struggled to access weapons or evade the intelligence networks in a PA-controlled area. The Israeli army recognises the need for better power sharing and co-ordination. At a restricted, local level, this is already happening. Talks are continuing over the possibility of opening a Palestinian civil police station in a `C` area of the northern West Bank. Netanyahu`s government would improve its image by supporting such initiatives. Conceding limited security control to the PA would assert the Israeli prime minister`s independence from the settler right while winning goodwill from the international community. It would encourage the moderates without provoking the extremists. The PA has the capacity to restore order in `C` areas and it is in Israel`s interests to allow them to. A slow-phased handover would improve security for both sides and engender better relations between the governments. The alternative is to allow `C` areas to degenerate further into violent chaos.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line275
__label__cc	0.744069	0.255931	Foreign and International Law Librarian post David Gee <[log in to unmask]> Could I bring to your attention that the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies is currently recruiting for this Foreign and International Law Librarian post: University of London Research Library Services INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED LEGAL STUDIES Library and Information Services The Institute of Advanced Legal Studies Library has a central role in legal research provision in the UK and houses collections of national and international importance. The Library serves academic and professional lawyers and postgraduate law students in the UK and internationally. FOREIGN AND INTERNATIONAL LAW LIBRARIAN Salary: £24,245 - £33,659 p.a. incl. London Allowance This new and exciting post based within the Academic Services department is part of a friendly team dedicated to supporting and promoting use of the excellent legal research facilities of the Institute Library. The post is responsible for providing reference assistance for foreign and international legal research, for liaising with our major database suppliers over content and user training, and for the selection of foreign law material. It will promote the library's extensive foreign and international collections by developing web research guides, training tutorials and webpage information, and contribute to the reference work and the training programmes on electronic resources. Applicants should have a degree together with a qualification in librarianship or information science and at least two years experience working in an academic or law library. The ideal candidate will have reference work experience with law resources, both in paper and electronic format, and should be self-motivated and an effective team worker with excellent communication and IT skills. Knowledge of at least one western European language other than English is essential. An ability to liaise proactively with research staff and postgraduate students and proven presentation skills would be advantages. Further details are available from <http://ials.sas.ac.uk/about/jobs.htm> or on request from [log in to unmask] <mailto:[log in to unmask]> or 020 7862 5801. Letters of application with a CV and contact details of two referees should reach the Library Administrative Officer by Friday 6th October 2006. Deputy Librarian & Academic Services Manager Institute of Advanced Legal Studies Library 17 Russell Square London WC1B 5DR, UK Email: [log in to unmask] Web: http://ials.sas.ac.uk [log in to unmask]: Use this address for postings and replies - Email text body 'SIGNOFF int-law' to: [log in to unmask]	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line281
__label__cc	0.731759	0.268241	Daycare Management Careers: Job... Liberal Arts, General... Job Titles and Careers... Daycare Management Careers: Job Description & Salary Information Learn about careers in daycare management. Get job descriptions, salary and education requirement information. Get straight talk about the pros and cons of a career in daycare management. Pros and Cons of a Career in Daycare Management Daycare managers play an important role in the social, emotional, physical and educational development of children, as do preschool teachers and kindergarten and elementary school teachers. By working in a stimulating atmosphere of cooperation with parents and other professionals, you can help young people become viable members of society. Opportunities in all three occupations are expected to grow at least as fast as, if not faster than, the national average over the foreseeable future. Drawbacks in all three careers include the stress of working with very young children, coordinating schedules and sometimes facing confrontations with parents. Here's a quick comparison of these careers: Daycare Manager Kindergarten and Elementary School Teacher Career Overview A daycare manager supervises all aspects of programs, activities and operations of a daycare center. Preschool teachers explain subjects like reading, science and writing to young people who have not yet entered kindergarten. Kindergarten and elementary school teachers provide basic instruction in various school subjects that can prepare young people for ensuing education. Education Requirements High school diploma or associate's degree Associate's degree (bachelor's degree for public schools) Bachelor's degree (some states require public teachers to eventually earn master's degrees) Program Length Two years for an associate's degree Two years for an associate's degree, four years for a bachelor's degree Four years Certification and Licensing Certification often preferred; state teaching certification required for public schools Certification required in some states State teaching certification required for public schools Experience Required Experience in early childhood education sometimes required by state Work experience in child care center may be required by state Public school teachers must have student teaching experience Job Outlook for 2012-2022 Faster than average (17%)* Faster than average (17%)* As fast as average (12%)* Mean Salary (2014) $52,190* $32,040* $53,480 (kindergarten), $56,830 (elementary)* Source: *U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics A daycare manager is the glue that holds the operation of a daycare center together. Duties include establishing the center's policies and procedures and determining program fees. Besides hiring, supervising and training staff, the manager helps design programs, oversees program delivery and helps resolve any communication conflicts between staff, children and parents. Each state determines the education requirements of daycare directors or managers. Education requirements can range from a high school diploma to a college degree. The BLS reported that in states where a college degree is required, individuals should major in early childhood education or a similar field. Some majors in this field have a management focus, and you can learn about child development and teaching methods as well as business fundamentals. Depending on the program, you may also gain practical training in a daycare facility. States may insist you have a specified amount of work experience in a childcare center setting, and you typically have to pass a background check before you can work in one. Additionally, some states require daycare managers to have certification. With a certain amount of education and experience, you may qualify for the Child Development Associate (CDA) credential from the Council for Professional Recognition, which most states recognize. In addition, the National Early Childhood Program Accreditation (NECPA) offers the Child Care Professional (CCP) certification, which is also recognized in some states. CCP certification requires a high school diploma and 720 hours of experience in a licensed daycare facility with children 0-6 years of age. The certification is valid for two years and is renewable by completing 20 hours of continuing education units (CEU). Below are examples of what employers were looking for in November 2012: A family development center in Kentucky was seeking a full-time daycare director. Candidates needed to be seasoned daycare directors or teachers with considerable administrative and leadership experience and/or have a diploma or degree in early childhood education. CPR and First Aid certifications were mandatory. An Indiana daycare center was looking for a full-time executive director with a bachelor's degree in the human services field or an associate's degree in early childhood education. A qualified candidate also needed at least five years of supervisory and preschool teaching experience and three years of administrative and grant writing experience. A center for women and children located in Texas needed an assistant director for its daycare program. Requirements included a bachelor's degree, state teaching certification in early childhood education and five years of early childhood teaching experience. The more qualifying experience you can accumulate, the better your chances may be for securing a position. Paid or unpaid volunteer work in a daycare setting can work to your advantage. Whether or not your situation requires certification, you might be wise to earn it for flexibility and in testimony to your commitment to the job. Likewise, CPR and First Aid certifications can be a plus, and more opportunities may open if you earn an associate's or bachelor's degree. You may also benefit from earning the National Administrator Credential from the NECPA. This requires taking a 45-hour class about managing childcare facilities. To keep the NAC valid, 20 hours of continuing education is required every two years. Preschool teachers are responsible for planting and sowing the initial seeds of mental, social, developmental and physical skills in children around ages 3-5. In the process of preparing daily and long-term activities, preschool teachers may use computers, games, art, music, films, books, storytelling and discussion to help children develop individually and in groups. As a preschool teacher, you must observe children closely and watch for warning signs of developmental difficulties so they can be addressed properly. Depending on the state and work setting, you may qualify to become a preschool teacher with only a high school diploma. However, the Head Start program requires its preschool teachers to have associate's degrees in early childhood education, and by 2013, at least half of all Head Start preschool teachers will need bachelor's degrees. Additionally, if you're looking for a preschool teaching job in a public school system, you need a bachelor's degree in early childhood education or a similar field and appropriate state teaching licensure. No matter if your facility is public or private, you may be required by the state or your employer to hold CDA or CCP certification. States and/or employers may require preschool teachers to have prior teaching or childcare experience. You should also expect to complete a background check. Here are some requirements from preschool teacher openings in November 2012: A childcare learning center in Illinois was advertising for a part-time preschool teacher with a high school diploma, one year of experience in a childcare facility and either CDA certification or 12 college credits in early childhood education. A facility in California was seeking a full-time preschool teacher with an associate's or bachelor's degree that included at least 24 credits in early childhood education. Considerable qualifying work experience and First Aid and CPR certification were also required. Bilingual candidates were preferred. A Michigan public school system wanted to hire two full-time preschool teachers with bachelor's degrees and state teaching certification in early childhood education. The BLS reported that preschool teachers with college degrees, especially bachelor's degrees, may have a competitive edge over candidates without degrees. Whether required or not, obtaining the CDA and/or CCP designations can help verify proficiency in early childhood education. The responsibilities of kindergarten and elementary school teachers are quite broad. They oversee the social, emotional and physical development of students; they also introduce students to the basics of math, science, language and the arts. Teachers at this level use different pedagogical methods to impart concepts, such as problem solving, interpersonal cooperation and logical thinking. Working alone or in teams comprised of other teachers, these professionals may specialize in certain subject areas. They also communicate with parents in order to effectively reinforce developmental and learning achievements. As reported by the BLS, all kindergarten and elementary school teachers must hold at least a bachelor's degree in elementary education. In an elementary education program, you can expect to take classes in psychology, sociology, literacy, math and art. Depending on your state, you may also have to major in a subject, such as English or science, and then complete a teacher education program. Regardless of how your major is formatted, some sort of student teaching experience is included in all programs that prepare students for teaching positions. This is a common requirement for state teaching certification, which is necessary for all public school teachers. Kindergarten teachers are typically certified to teach grades K-3, while certification for elementary school teachers generally spans K-6. Some states may require you to earn a master's degree after you've been certified. Most states require teachers to pass background checks. Here are some examples of what employers were seeking in November 2012: A network of private schools in Ohio advertised for a kindergarten teacher with a bachelor's degree in elementary education or the equivalent, though an advanced degree was preferred. Candidates needed 1-2 years of teaching experience and state certification in pre-kindergarten through third grade. A New Jersey private school looked for an elementary school teacher to teach fifth grade students. Candidates were to have at least three years of teaching experience and a master's degree. A school in Arizona wanted to hire a full-time elementary school teacher with a bachelor's degree and at least three years of teaching experience. Candidates needed appropriate state teaching certification, and they also needed to meet the No Child Left Behind Act's Highly Qualified Teacher requirements. An advanced degree can work to your advantage, especially if you eventually want to move into administration. If you're bilingual, you may have a leg up on your competition, particularly in areas that are ethnically diverse. The BLS stated that teachers who earn certification in English as a second language (ESL), as well as special education, can help set themselves apart. While many states have more than enough qualified kindergarten and elementary school teachers, those who are also qualified to teach ESL and special education are harder to find. Business Management Courses Offered Free by Top Schools and Universities Free online business management courses are available online from various websites, in addition to schools like the University of California,... Band Management Degrees: Associate, Bachelor's & Online Course Info What kind of jobs can you get with an associate's and bachelor's degree in band management? Find out associate's and bachelor's degree... 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__label__wiki	0.72088	0.72088	Abrahamism Go to page : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Subject: Re: Abrahamism Wed Apr 17, 2019 1:50 pm At this point I usually offer a disclaimed concerning the absence of absolute and how the descriptions do not imply absolute states, 'i.e'. agape does not absolutely eliminate tensions but only reduces them to the point where attraction overpowers repulsion establishing what is called 'balance' and/or harmony, which is never certain and immortal. 'Pathos of distance' is what Nietzsche called it. I tend to be reluctant about using anthropomorphic terminology, knowing how imbeciles and effete men-children are wont to misconstrue them and literal. I use (inter)actions, for example, and not intercourse, or anything that alludes to anything sexual or emotional, keeping a distinction between what applies exclusively to life and what applies to cosmos. Modern are so needy, so impressionable, that they begin to immerse themselves in representation. Like an artist who has gone mad, believing he is immersed in his own representations, his own artwork, his own linguistics, feeling gods within their own creations, when they are mere plagiarizers lost in their own copies - shadows, caricatures of the divine, i.e. clowns. See Moderns cannot transcend their own art - entrapped within its contexts, they convert cosmos into universe, thinking they've exited the world when they've entered a facsimile of it in their own mind - they've embedded themselves in their won representations, i'e, their own symbols/words. So, they belittle anything that negates their delusions with the typical 'there is absolutely no absolute' and/or 'truth is there is no truth' thinking their validating their won lies, when they are exposing a spiritual and mental deficiency, unable to differentiate between represented and representation. The 'magic' of words, implying that the world is hiding, when it is forever disclosing - the only thing that can be hidden, made occult, is human contrivance, human motive, human symbols and words. they cannot even understand that the mystical patterns found in numbers and words are representations of their own psychology - so ignorant thy are of who and what they are, that they see themselves reflected back to them, as something exotic and alien, i.e., as an other. Like how the Greeks misconstrued their inner voice, their conscience, for exotic spirits and gods. The Abrahamic spirit, called Magian by Spengler, is inclined to need proxies, acting as icons and idols between itself and the world. It has the impressionability and romanticism of a feminine mind, an emasculated male spirit, that needs a authority, if not god then an earthly equivalent, representing the absolute. It engages world via this earthly representation, i.e', priest, idol of worship, icon of its ideology, conduit towards the absent absolute. It neither has the mind nor the spirit to engage reality directly. You will find such a womanly spirit gushing over his chosen idol, like girls do with movie-stars and cRap fArtists, the name of the idol repeated like a mantra, a magical chant, warding off negativity, spreading fear in the hearts of their enemies. Then they mature, emulating their icon, wanting to be one themselves, desperate fro a following, for minions to worship and admire him. I believe it's' mentioned [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] how close messianic psychosis is to homosexual sexual degeneracy. Feminism shows us how some females want to be men, i.e., penis envy complex is still unexplored....by Moderns. They have studies on the Oedipal complex, Napoleonic complex, Peter Pan complex, all sorts of complexes, but not the penis envy complex. Trapped in the comforting confinements of his own mental constructs, the modern cannot escape, nor does he want to. A hedonists stops at the pleasure principle, the Abrahamic stops at the Divine absolute, and the fArtist can go no further than his own fArtistry - symbols referring to words, referring to symbols referring to an artists, referring to another, referring to ten others...and on and on. Christians have Jesus, as their iconographic idol; Marxists have a variety, depending on the time period, i.e., Marx, Lenin, Stalin, Bakunin etc., Mohammedans have Mohamed, Misers have money, and Moderns have Nietzsche, icon of Nihilism. It's the cult of personality. It doesn't matter what the idol actually said nor what he meant, because it's all about how he is interpreted, by the needs of his followers who use him as a symbol of their own 'quality'. A dead idol is best, because he cannot contradict nor challenge the worshipper's idealizations. It has been said that Jesus would be sickened by modern Christianity....and I suspect Nietzsche would be ashamed, nauseated, disheartened, by what his self-professed followers have done to his words. The follower creates a shelter from the iconography, the art, left behind by the idol. A code cocoon - a word womb - a semiotic simulated serenity. All want to live in their own minds. Who would not be tempted by such a prospect, if it were possible? How many would have the courage and integrity to reject it? They cannot even think of dealing with the world directly. It is always engaged through the iconic proxy, the multiplying force of the infamous idol - they present themselves as his favourite concubines - inheritors of his holy seed, spitting it forth, after decades of swallowing his 'essence' whole. Subject: Re: Abrahamism Sun Apr 21, 2019 4:31 pm Abrahamism converted fitness into a concept that became absolved through proper conduct, and submission. It offered a 'resolution' to a an individual born unjustly inferior, i.e., sin. An individual can hope to attain piety, even though he/she was born with disadvantages. His victimhood could find relief in surrendering to his fate, seeking absolution in the absolute, and bestowed upon him/her after-death. Marxism and Capitalism convert it to money, i.e., resources, supply/demand. It replaced Paradise in a future that can never be present. The unfit individual found absolution in work - struggling towards the absolute; a 'victim' of circumstances - causality - he could hope to find an advantage in production and consumption. The Modern secular atheist, work replace piety - he made amends for his imperfection by serving the collective, i.e., humanity as God. instead of God, humanity was supposed to reward the 'victim' of circumstance, as the earthly representation of the Divine absolute. The individual hoped of find absolution in the colelctive's appreciation, symbolized by money. His earthly rewards was a sing of divine absolution. With it his genetic inferiority was 'corrected' with it purchasing earthly rewards, love, appreciation, finding increased value through the collctive. Last edited by Satyr on Sun Apr 21, 2019 4:39 pm; edited 1 time in total It is watered down structure, lowest common denominator in a society; to maximize cooperation. The rules "aren't grievous", low expectations. But envy still resides anyway, and despite saying not to envy in those very rules, vanity sets in: "I never did anything illegal!" - no matter how corruptive to the social character or the general degradation of the people. It was a serious offense to corrupt the youth in Hellenic societies; this concept was integrated into God's standards, but then it came to 'set son against father, etc.' No more genealogy, no more history = no more future. It's all ideology, all sin (to be forgiven). The "exception" being Baptist idea(l) of a reprobate - someone God condemned to homosexuality/losing their minds. Collective disapproval can become collective approval if the individual works, is pious, submissive, enough to word for it. God, the absolute moves through the collective, which it manifests as and through. The Capitalist/Marxist is vindicated through monetary means - as a sign of a collective re-evaluation. The word 'human' is idealized, just as 'God' is....and all words/symbols are, in Nihilism. Capitalism/Marxism cares not about sex, race, tradition...but only production consumption, represented by money, wealth. Abrahamism good/evil is replaced by useful/useless, supply/demand - validation through collective appreciation, i.e., quantities sold, money earned. Work for the Puritan Protestant, is like a monk's/nun's habit - his/her only way towards absolution. When Jesus, the last Messiah, was crucified - sacrificed - he was reborn as idea/ideal - returning to the realm of the abstract where he can take any form, and be named by any moniker. Humanity is one name....proletariat is another.....money is the most abstract. Money is how the Modern finds approval, experiences the absolutes absolution - slave finding joy in his master's approving rewards. A singularity with the face of multiplicity. Many as one - collective. Within this new hierarchy what distinguishes is quantitatively expressed - the collective's appreciation, as monetary dollars and cents, or as popularity - fame & fortune. God became Humanity.....Paradise became Utopia.....Future became its 'Beyond space/time' always immanent, but never present. Good servants keep working towards their God - piety expressed as loyalty, i.e, the individual's evidence of his faith. Herd psychology needs authority figures, in one form or another. Totalitarianism for the closet slave. Ego prevents some from admitting it, in themselves, or denying another the image of him bowing before a living representation of the absolute - he only grovels before the abstraction, an idea/ideal, i.e. his absolution can only be achieved through a faceless absolute, competing with his fellow slaves over who is the most slavish slave, or the most useful minion. Abrahamism isn't dead.....its transmogrified. Subject: Re: Abrahamism Mon Apr 22, 2019 9:17 pm Spengler, Otto wrote: This Magian monotheism reveals itself in all the religious creations that flooded the Empire from the East — the lexandrian Isis, the Sun god favored by Aurelian (the Baal of Palmyra), the Mithras protected by Diocletian (whose Persian form had been completely recast in Syria), the Baalath of Carthage (Tanit, Dea Caelestis23) honored by Septimius Severus. The importation of these figures no longer increases as in Classical times the number of concrete gods. On the contrary, they absorb the old gods into themselves, and do so in such a way as to deprive them more and more of picturable shape. Alchemy is replacing statics. Correspondingly, instead of the image we more and more find symbols — e.g., the Bull, the Lamb, the Fish, the Triangle, the Cross — coming to the front. In Constantine’s “in hoc signo vinces” scarcely an echo of the Classical remains. Already there is setting in that aversion to human representation that ended in the Islamic and Byzantine prohibitions of images. Right down to Trajan — long after the last trait of Apollinian world feeling had departed from the soil of Greece — the Roman state worship had strength enough to hold to the Euclidean tendency and to augment its world of deities. The gods of the subject lands and peoples were accorded recognized places of worship, with priesthood and ritual, in Rome, and were themselves associated as perfectly definite individuals with the older gods. But from that point the Magian spirit began to gain ground even here, in spite of an honorable resistance which centered in a few of the very oldest patrician families.24 The god figures as such, as bodies, vanished from the consciousness of men, to make way for a transcendental god feeling which no longer depended on sense evidences; and the usages, festivals and legends melted into one another. When in 217 Caracalla put an end to all sacral-legal distinctions between Roman and foreign deities and Isis, absorbing all older female numina, became actually the first goddess of Rome25 (and thereby the most dangerous opponent of Christianity and the most obnoxious target for the hatred of the Fathers), then Rome became a piece of the East, a religious diocese of Syria. Then the Baals of Doliche, Petra, Palmyra and Edessa began to melt into the monotheism of Sol, who became and remained (till his representative Licinius fell before Constantine) God of the Empire. By now, the question was not between Classical and Magian — Christianity was in so little danger from the old gods that it could offer them a sort of sympathy — but it was, which of the Magian religions should dictate religious form to the world of the Classical Empire? The decline of the old plastic feeling is very clearly discernible in the stages through which Emperor worship passed — first, the dead emperor taken into the circle of State gods by resolution of the Senate (Divus Julius, 42 B.C.), a priesthood provided for him and his image removed from amongst the ancestor images that were carried in purely domestic celebrations; then, from Marcus Aurelius, no further consecrations of priests (and, presently, no further building of temples) for the service of deified emperors, for the reason that religious sentiment was now satisfied by a general “templum divorum”; finally, the epithet Divus used simply as a title of members of the Imperial family. This end to the evolution marks the victory of the Magian feeling. It will be found that multiple names in the inscriptions (such as Isis-Magna Mater-Juno-Astarte-Bellona, or Mithras-Sol Invictus-Helios) come to signify titles of one sole existent Godhead. Decline of the West Spengler uses the term 'Magian' to refer to the meme that produced the Abrahamic triad. Messianic, is an alternate word. I prefer Afro-Asiatic, linking the language family tee with the racial family tree, - from gene to meme, where language is the representation of the meme. Memetic blood. Th desire to 'save mankind, i.e., the world, because 'humanity' means 'world', is based no the presumption that the world needs saving....from itself; implying that the world is wrong, and it must be reared; or not good enough or too much to endure. Anti-nature. This attracts the 'meek' who supposedly ought to inherit the earth, i.e., all the sick, the desperate, the cowardly, the ones with little to lose from any surrender and submission - quantity over quality. This value system is reflected in its linguistics; how it applies and defines words/symbols. Survival at all costs, even at the cost of one integrity and nobility. This willingness to sacrifice anything is in reaction to Nihilism, i.e., an awakening to one's self, in relation to other. An awakening that fills the mind with anxiety, i.e., insecurity, vulnerability. A desperation that must be expunged or numbed. Language serves as a narcotic - a self-medicating technique. Obscurantism and occultism is supposed to deal with contradictions - the symbol synthesizing contrary concepts, such as paganism and Abrahamism. Satanism is an example of how it is corrupted. Few can endue the truth, the many flock to the most seductive, promising lie - every age produces many charlatans to take advantage of fools. The old saying "there's a fool born every minute" is accurate. The many will always be attracted to the biggest, most absurd lie. The Nazis didn't invent this. It was known and applied for thousands of years before they openly revealed it. Hitler, Adolf wrote: If you tell a big enough lie and tell it frequently enough, it will be believed. The bigger the lie the more the masses will want to believe it. Its absurdity level proportional to the herd psychology's desperation levels. Magian seductive is the feminine use of insinuation and promises that will never be realized - typically used by women to manipulate males. The use of fake attraction, flattery, ego-stroking, innuendos, word-games, coyness....eroticism....lust/love is a form of temporary madness. Subject: Re: Abrahamism Fri Apr 26, 2019 5:44 pm What is made clear is what I've said before. When Abrahamism - the Afro-Asiatatic Tribes two of which are the Semites and the Arabs - came in contact the Paganism - the Indo-European tribes two of which are the Romans, or Italics and the Hellenes, or Greeks - it was a seminal event in what has become western history, not because these were invented by the tribes in question - Nihilism is rooted in the human psyche and versions of Paganism is common across many peoples where natural processes are worshipped as spirits and gods, but because two opposite world-views came in contact, causing cross-contamination and the corruptive after-effects that have marked both sides. Christianity was born to of the corruption of Hellenism by Judaism, but Judaism was also corrupted by the influence of Hellenism, splintering it in three. A fact expressed by the Orthodox Jews who see in them Hellenism warping their original faith. One is Marxism....born out of the mind of a half-breed Marx, displaying this warped cosmopolitanism that has little in common with Hellenic cosmopolitanism - evidenced by the fact that the ancients never cared to proselytize or covert all to their spirituality, nor was there a hint of Messianic in their psychology; the second is Zionism, which proposes a form of tribal return to the earth, built cannot abandon its power based no being the world's 'victims', and warping tribalism into a political ideology that is not entirely based on Hellenism's body & mind identifiers, i.e., gene extended as meme, rather than meme extended in gene - an inversion of the sequence that identifies it as a corruption of the original. Orthodox Jews recognize the corruption in their fellow secularized Jews and fight agaisnt the paradoxes it produces, i.e., pride based no humility; strength founded on slavish feebleness; power through the play of powerlessness - a conundrum that characterizes its hypocrisy and its ideal contra real dissonance. Zionists want to reclaim their pre-Judaism identity, return to their own pre-disease past, their pagan heritage, but they've lost the connection, having abandoned it after they escaped 'Egypt and wandered the deserts for 40, or so, years, where they formulated their new survival methodology - that's where they decided to embrace rather then reject the Nihilistic infection rising in them, as it has in all peoples - seeing in it an opportunity to exploit. They have no art no philosophy to speak of, other than the formula that converted their predicament to a identifying absolute - a Godhead - beginning their worship of themselves, when all others had rejected them. Their greatest achievement is this inversion, this spiritual warping, exemplified perfectly by their Orthodoxy. With nothing to draw inspiration from the secularists parasitized from their pagan hosts their memetic encoding, to compensate for what they had sacrificed in order to survive (survival at all costs) - they appropriated their genes, their art, their thinking and contributed to it their own warped twists. This has carried over to the present day, i.e., Modernity. Subject: Re: Abrahamism Sun Apr 28, 2019 10:17 pm Globalism is the corruption of Hellenic Cosmopolitanism by Magian Nihilism. Subject: Re: Abrahamism Mon May 27, 2019 8:47 pm PROBLEMS OF THE ARABIAN CULTURE (B) THE MAGIAN SOUL THE WORLD, AS SPREAD OUT for the Magian waking consciousness, possesses a kind of extension that may be called cavern like,1 though it is difficult for Western man to pick upon any word in his vocabulary that can convey anything more than a hint of the meaning of Magian “space.” For “space” has essentially unlike meanings for the perceptions of the two Cultures. The world-as-cavern is just as different from the world-as-extent of the passionate, far thrusting Faustian as it is from the Classical world-as-sum-ofbodily-things. The Copernican system, in which the earth, as it were, loses itself, must necessarily seem crazy and frivolous to Arabian thought. The Church of the West was perfectly right when it resisted an idea so incompatible with the world feeling of Jesus, and the Chaldean cavern astronomy, which was wholly natural and convincing for Persians, Jews, peoples of the Pseudomorphosis, and Islam, became accessible to the few genuine Greeks who knew of it at all only after a process of transvaluing its basic notions of space. The tension between Macrocosm and Microcosm (which is identical with the waking consciousness) leads, in the world picture of every Culture, to further oppositions of symbolic importance. All a man’s sensations or understanding, faith or knowledge, receive their shape from a primary opposition which makes them not only activities of the individual, but also expressions of the totality. In the Classical the opposition that universally dominates the waking consciousness is the opposition of matter and form; in the West it is that of force and mass. In the former the tension loses itself in the small and particular, and in the latter it discharges itself in the character of work. In the World cavern, on the other hand, it persists in traversing and swaying to and fro in unsure strugglings, and so becomes that “Semitic” primary dualism which, ever the same under its thousand forms, fills the Magian world. The light shines through the cavern and battles against the darkness (John i, 5). Both are Magian substances. Up and down, heaven and earth become powers that have entity and contend with one another. But these polarities in the most primary sensations mingle with those of the refined and critical understanding, like good and evil, God and Satan. Death, for the author of the John Gospel as for the strict Moslem, is not the end of life, but a Something, a death force, that contends with a life force for the possession of man. But still more important than all this is the opposition of Spirit and Soul (Hebrew Ruach and nephesh, Persian ahu and urvan, Mandaean monuhmed and gyan, Greek pneuma and psyche) which first comes out in the basic feeling of the prophetic religions, then pervades the whole of Apocalyptic, and finally forms and guides the world contemplations of the awakened Culture — Philo, Paul and Plotinus, Gnostics and Mandaeans, Augustine and the Avesta, Islam and the Kabbalah. Ruach means originally “wind” and nephesh“breath.”2 The nephesh is always in one way or another related to the bodily and earthly, to the below, the evil, the darkness. Its effort is the “upward.” The ruach belongs to the divine, to the above, to the light. Its effects in man when it descends are the heroism of a Samson, the holy wrath of an Elijah, the enlightenment of the judge (the Solomon passing judgment3) and all kinds of divination and ecstasy. It is poured out.4 From Isaiah xi, 2, the Messiah becomes the incarnation of the ruach. Philo and the Islamic theology divide mankind into born Psychics and born Pneumatics (the “elect,” a concept thoroughly proper to the world cavern and Kismet). All the sons of Jacob are pneumatics. For Paul (1 Cor.xv) the meaning of the Resurrection lies in the opposition of a psychic and a pneumatic body, which alike for him and Philo and the author of the Baruch apocalypse coincides with the opposition of heaven and earth, light and darkness.5 For Paul, the Saviour is the heavenly Pneuma.6 In the John Gospel he fuses as Logos with the Light; in Neoplatonism he appears as Nus or, in the Classical terminology, the All One opposed to Physis.7 Paul and Philo, with their “Classical” (that is, western) conceptual criteria, equated soul and body with good and bad respectively, Augustine, as a Manichaean8 with Persian-Eastern bases of distinction, lumps soul and body together as the naturally bad, in contrast to God as the sole Good, and finds in this opposition the source of his doctrine of Grace, which developed also, in the same form (though quite independently of him) in Islam. But souls are at bottom discrete entities, whereas the Pneuma is one and ever the same. The man possesses a soul, but he onlyparticipates in the spirit of the Light and the Good; the divine descends into him, thus binding all the individuals of the Below together with the one in the Above. This primary feeling, which dominates the beliefs and opinions of all Magian men, is something perfectly singular, and not only characterizes their world view, but marks off the essence and kernel of their religiousness in all its forms from that of every other kind of man. This Culture, as has been shown, was characteristically the Culture of the middle. It could have borrowed forms and ideas from most of the others, and the fact that it did not do so, that in the face of all pressure and temptation it remained so profoundly mistress of its own inward form, attests an unbridgeable gulf of difference. Of all the wealth of Babylonian and Egyptian religion it admitted hardly more than a few names; the Classical and the Indian Cultures, or rather the Civilizations heir to them — Hellenism and Buddhism — distorted its expression to the point of pseudomorphosis, but its essence they never touched. All religions of the Magian Culture, from the creations of Isaiah and Zarathustra to Islam, constitute a complete inward unit of world feeling; and, just as in the Avestan beliefs there is not to be found one trait of Brahmanism nor in early Christianity one breath of Classical feeling, but merely names and figures and outward forms, so also not a trace of this Jesus religion could be absorbed by the Germanic Catholic Christianity of the West, even though the stock of tenets and observances was taken over in its entirety. Whereas the Faustian man is an “I” that in the last resort draws its own conclusions about the Infinite; whereas the Apollinian man, as one soma among many, represents only himself; the Magian man, with his spiritual kind of being, is only a part of a pneumatic “We”that, descending from above, is one and the same in all believers. As body and soul he belongs to himself alone, but something else, something alien and higher, dwells in him, making him with all his glimpses and convictions just a member of a consensus which, as the emanation of God, excludes error, but excludes also all possibility of the self-asserting Ego. Truth is for him something other than for us. All our epistemological methods, resting upon the individual judgment, are for him madness and infatuation, and its scientific results a work of the Evil One, who has confused and deceived the spirit as to its true dispositions and purposes. Herein lies the ultimate, for us unapproachable, secret of Magian thought in its cavern world — the impossibility of a thinking, believing, and knowing Ego is the presupposition inherent in all the fundamentals of all these religions. While Classical man stood before his gods as one body before another; whereas the Faustian willing “I” in its wide world feels itself confronted by deity, also Faustian, also willing, effective everywhere; the Magian deity is the indefinite, enigmatic Power on high that pours out its Wrath or its Grace, descends itself into the dark or raises the soul into the light as it sees fit. The idea of individual wills is simply meaningless, for “will” and “thought” in man are not prime, but already effects of the deity upon him. Out of this unshakable root feeling, which is merely re-expressed, never essentially altered, by any conversions, illumination or subtilizing in the world — there emerges of necessity the idea of the Divine Mediator, of one who transforms this state from a torment into a bliss. All Magian religions are by this idea bound together, and separated from those of all other Cultures. The Logos idea in its broadest sense, an abstraction of the Magian light sensation of the Cavern, is the exact correlative of this sensation in Magian thought. It meant that from the unattainable Godhead its Spirit, its “Word,” is released as carrier of the light and bringer of the good, and enters into relation with human being to uplift, pervade, and redeem it. This distinctness of three substances, which does not contradict their oneness in religious thought, was known already to the prophetic religions. Ahuramazda’s light gleaming soul is the Word (Yasht 13, 31), and in one of the earliest Gathas his Holy Spirit (spenta mainyu) converses with the Evil Spirit (angra mainyu, Yasna 45, 2). The same idea penetrates the whole of the old Jewish literature. The thought which the Chaldeans built up on the separation of God and His Word and the opposition of Marduk and Nabu, which breaks forth with power in the whole Aramaean Apocalyptic remained permanently active and creative; by Philo and John, Marcion and Mani, it entered into the Talmudic teachings and thence into the Kabbalistic books Yesirah and Sohar, into the Church Councils and the works of the Fathers, into the later Avesta, and finally into Islam, in which a Mohammed gradually became the Logos and, as the mystically respent, living Mohammed of the popular religion, fused into the figure of Christ.9 This conception is for Magian man so self-evident that it was able to break through even the strictly monotheistic structure of the original Islam and to appear with Allah as the Word of God (kalimah), the Holy Spirit (rub) and the “light of Mohammed.” For, for the popular religion, the first light that comes forth from the world creation is that of Mohammed, in the shape of a peacock10 “formed of white pearls” and walled about by veilings. But the peacock is the Envoy of God and the prime soul11 as early as the Mandaeans, and it is the emblem of immortality on Early Christian sarcophagi. The light diffusing pearl that illumines the dark house of the body is the Spirit entered into man, and thought of as substance, for the Mandaeans as in the Acts of Thomas.12 The Jezidi13 reverence the Logos as peacock and light; next to the Druses they have preserved most purely the old Persian conception of the substantial Trinity. Thus again and again we find the Logos idea getting back to the light sensation from which the Magian understanding derived it. The world of Magian mankind is filled with a fairytale feeling.14 Devils and evil spirits threaten man; angels and fairies protect him. There are amulets and talismans, mysterious lands, cities, buildings, and beings, secret letters, Solomon’s Seal, the Philosophers’ Stone. And over all this is poured the quivering cavern light that the spectral darkness ever threatens to swallow up. If this profusion of figures astonishes the reader, let him remember that Jesus lived in it, and Jesus’s teachings are only to be understood from it. Apocalyptic is only a vision of fable intensified to an extreme of tragic power. Already in the Book of Enoch we have the crystal palace of God, the mountains of precious stone, and the imprisonment of the apostate stars. Fantastic, too, are the whole overpowering idea world of the Mandaeans, that of the Gnostics and the Manichaeans, the system of Origen, and the figures of the Persian “Bundahish”; and when the time of the great visions was over, these ideas passed into a legend poesy and into the innumerable religious romances of which we have Christian specimens in the gospels concerning Jesus’s childhood, the Acts of Thomas and the anti-Pauline Pseudo-Clementines. One such story is that of Abraham’s having minted the thirty pieces of silver of Judas. Another is the tale of the “treasure cave” in which, deep under the hill of Golgotha, are stored the golden treasure of paradise and the bones of Adam.15 Dante’s poetic material was after all poetic, but this was sheer actuality, the only world in which these people lived continuously. Such sensations are unapproachably remote from men who live in and with a dynamical world picture. If we would obtain some inkling of how alien to us all the inner life of Jesus is — a painful realization for the Christian of the West, who would be glad indeed if he could make that inner life the point of contact for his own inward piety — if we would discover why nowadays only a pious Moslem has the capacity livingly to experience it, we should sink ourselves in this wonder element of a world image that was Jesus’s world image. And then, and only then, shall we perceive how little Faustian Christianity has taken over from the wealth of the Church of the Pseudomorphosis — of its world feeling nothing, of its inward form little, and of its concepts and figures much. The When, for the Magian Soul, issues from the Where. Here too, is no Apollinian clinging to pointlike Present, nor Faustian thrust and drive towards an infinitely distant goal. Here Being has a different pulse, and consequently Waking being has another sense of time, which is the counterconcept to Magian space. The prime thing that the humanity of this Culture, from poor slaves and porters to the prophets and the caliphs themselves, feels as the Kismet above him is not a limitless flight of the ages that never lets a lost moment recur, but a Beginning and an End of “This Day,” which is irrevocably ordained and in which the human existence takes the place assigned to it from creation itself. Not only world space, but world-time also is cavern like. Hence comes the thoroughly Magian certainty that everything has “a” time, from the origins of the Saviour, whose hour stood written in ancient texts, to the smallest detail of the everyday, in which Faustian hurry would be meaningless and unimaginable. Here, too, is the basis of the Early Magian (and in particular the Chaldean) astrology, which likewise presupposes that all things are written down in the stars and that the scientifically calculable course of the planets authorized conclusions as to the course of earthly things.16 The Classical oracle answered the only question that could perturb Apollinian man — the form, the “How?” of coming things. But the question of the Cavern is “When?” The whole of Apocalyptic, the spiritual life of Jesus, the agony of Gethsemane, and the grand movement that arose out of his death are unintelligible if we have not grasped this primary question of Magian being and the presuppositions lying behind it. It is an infallible sign of the extinction of the Classical Soul that astrology in its westward advance drove the oracle step by step before it. Nowhere is the stage of transition more clearly visible than in Tacitus, whose entire history is dominated by the confusion and dislocation of his world picture. First of all, as a true Roman, he brings in the power of the old city deities; then, as an intelligent cosmopolitan, he regards this very belief in their intervention as a superstition; and finally, as a Stoic (by that time the spiritual outlook of the Stoa had become Magian), he speaks of the power of the seven planets that rule the fortunes of men. And thus it comes about that in the following centuries Time itself as vessel of fate — namely, the Vault of Time, limited each way and therefore capable of being grasped as an entity by the inner eye — is by Persian mysticism set above the light of God as Zrvan, and rules the world conflict of Good and Evil. Zrvanism was the State religion of Persia in 438-457. Fundamentally, too, it is this belief that all stands written in the stars, that makes the Arabian Culture characteristically that of “eras” — that is, of time reckonings that begin at some event felt as a peculiarly significant act of Providence. The first and most important is the generic Aramasan era, which begins about 300 B.C. with the growth of apocalyptic tension and is the “Seleucid era.” It was followed by many others, amongst them the Sabaean (about 115 B.C.), the starting point of which is not exactly known to us; that of Diocletian; the Jewish era, beginning with the Creation, which was introduced by the Synedrion in 346;17 the Persian, from the accession of the last Sassanid Jezdegerd in 632; and the Hijra, by which at last the Seleucid was displaced in Syria and Mesopotamia. Outside this land-field there is mere imitation for practical ends, like Varro’s “ab urbe condita”; that of the Marcionites, beginning with Marcion’s breach with the Church in 144; and that of the Christians, introduced shortly after 500 and beginning with the birth of Jesus. World history is the picture of the living world into which man sees himself woven by birth, ancestry, and progeny, and which he strives to comprehend from out of his world feeling. The historical picture of Classical man concentrates itself upon the pure Present. Its content is no true Becoming, but a foreground Being with a conclusive background of timeless myth, rationalized as “the Golden Age.” This Being, however, was a variegated swarming of ups and downs, good and ill fortune, a blind “thereabouts,” an eternal alteration, yet ever in its changes the same, without direction, goal, or “Time.” The cavern feeling, on the contrary, requires a surveyable history consisting in a beginning and an end to the world that is also the beginning and the end of man — acts of God of mighty magic — and between these turns, spellbound to the limits of the Cavern and the ordained period, the battle of light and darkness, of the angels and Jazatas with Ahriman, Satan, and Eblis, in which Man, his Soul, and his Spirit are involved. The present Cavern God can destroy and replace by a new creation. The Persian-Chaldean apocalyptic offers to the gaze a whole series of such eons, and Jesus, along with his time, stood in expectation of the end of the existing one.18 The consequence of this is a historic outlook like that which is natural to Islam even today — the view over a given time. “The world view of the people falls naturally into three major parts — world beginning, world development, and world catastrophe. For the Moslem who feels so deeply ethically, the chief essentials in world development are the salvation story and the ethical way of life, knit into one as the “life” of man. This debouches into the world catastrophe, which contains the sanction of the moral history of humanity.”19 But, further, for the Magian human existence, the issue of the feeling of this sort of Time and the view of this sort of space is a quite peculiar type of piety, which likewise we may put under the sign of the Cavern — a willless resignation, to which the spiritual “I” is unknown, and which feels the spiritual “We” that has entered into the quickened body as simply a reflection of the divine Light. The Arab word for this is Islam ( = submission) but this Islam was equally Jesus’s normal mode of feeling and that of every other personality of religious genius that appeared in this Culture. Classical piety is something perfectly different,20 while, as for that of our own Culture, if we could mentally abstract from the piety of St. Theresa and Luther and Pascal their Ego — that Ego which wills to maintain itself against, to submit to, or even to be extinguished by the Divine Infinite — there would be nothing left. The Faustian prime sacrament of Contrition presupposes the strong and free will that can overcome itself. But it is precisely the impossibility of an Ego as a free power in the face of the divine that constitutes “Islam.” Every attempt to meet the operations of God with a personal purpose or even a personal opinion is “masiga,” — that is, not an evil willing, but an evidence that the powers of darkness and evil have taken possession of a man and expelled the divine from him. The Magian waking consciousness is merely the theater of a battle between these two powers and not, so to say, a power in itself. Moreover, in this kind of world happening there is no place for individual causes and effects, let alone any universally effective dynamic concatenation thereof, and consequently there is no necessary connection between sin and punishment, noclaim to reward, no old Israelitish “righteousness.” Things of this order the true piety of this Culture regards as far beneath it. The laws of nature are not something settled forever that God can alter only by the method of miracle — they are (so to put it) the ordinary state of an autocratic divine will, not possessing in themselves anything of the logical necessity that they have for Faustian souls. In the entire world cavern there is but one Cause, which lies immediately behind all visible workings, and this is the Godhead, which, as itself, acts without causes. Even to speculate upon causes in connection with God is sinful. From this basic feeling proceeds the Magian idea of Grace. Thisunderlies all sacraments of this Culture (especially the Magian protosacrament of Baptism) and forms a contrast of the deepest intensity with the Faustian idea of Contrition. Contrition presupposes the will of an Ego, but Grace knows of no such thing. It was Augustine’s high achievement to develop this essentially Islamic thought with an inexorable logic, and with a penetration so thorough that since Pelagius the Faustian Soul has tried by any and every route to circumvent this certainty — which for it constitutes an imminent danger of self destruction — and in using Augustinian propositions to express its own proper consciousness of God has ever misunderstood and transvalued them. Actually, Augustine was the last great thinker of Early Arabian Scholasticism, anything but a Western intellect.21 Not only was he at times a Manichaean, but he remained so even as a Christian in some important characteristics, and his closest relations are to be found amongst the Persian theologians of the later Avesta, with their doctrines of the Store of Grace of the Holy and of absolute guilt. For him grace is the substantial inflowing of something divine into the human Pneuma, itself also substantial.22 The Godhead radiates it; man receives it, but does not acquire it. From Augustine, as from Spinoza so many centuries later,23 the notion of force is absent, and for both the problem of freedom refers not to the Ego and its Will, but to the part of the universal Pneuma that is infused into a man and its relation to the rest of him. Magian waking being is the theater of a conflict between the two world substances of light and darkness. The Early Faustian thinkers such as Duns Scotus and William of Occam, on the contrary, see a contest inherent in dynamic waking consciousness itself, a contest of the two forces of the Ego — namely, will and reason,24 and so imperceptibly the question posed by Augustine changes into another, which he himself would have been incapable of understanding — are willing and thinking free forces, or are they not? Answer this question as we may, one thing at any rate is certain, that the individual ego has to wage this war and not to suffer it. The Faustian Grace refers to the success of the Will and not to the species of a substance. Says the Westminster Confession of the Presbyterians (1646): “The rest of Mankind, God was pleased, according to the unsearchable Counsel of his own Will, whereby he extendeth, or withholdeth Mercy, as he pleaseth, for the Glory of his Sovereign Power over his Creatures, to pass by; and to ordain them to Dishonor and Wrath, for their Sin, to the Praise of his glorious Justice.” The other conception, that the idea of Grace excludes every individual will and every cause but the One, that it is sinful even to question why man suffers, finds an expression in one of the most powerful poems known to world history, a poem that came into being in the midst of the Arabian pre-Culture and is in inward grandeur unparalleled by any product of that Culture itself — the Book of Job.25 It is not Job, but his friends who look for a sin as the cause of his troubles. They — like the bulk of mankind in this and every other Culture, present day readers and critics of the work, therefore, included — lack the metaphysical depth to get near the ultimate meaning of suffering within the world cavern. Only the Hero himself fights through the fulfillment, to pure Islam, and he becomes thereby the only possible figure of tragedy that Magian feeling can set up by the side of our Faust. Decline of the West [/right] Last edited by Satyr on Mon May 27, 2019 10:06 pm; edited 2 times in total But besides the consensus there is another sort of revelation of Truth — namely, the “Word of God,” in a perfectly definite and purely Magian sense of the phrase, which is equally remote from Classical and from Western thought, and has, in consequence, been the source of innumerable misunderstandings. The sacred book in which it has become visibly evident, in which it has been captured by the spell of a sacred script, is part of the stock of every Magian religion.28 In this conception three Magian notions are interwoven — each of which, even by itself, presents extreme difficulties for us, while their simultaneous separateness and oneness is simply inaccessible to our religious thought, often though that thought has managed to persuade itself to the contrary. These ideas are: God, the Spirit of God, the Word of God. That which is written in the prologue of the John Gospel — “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God” — had long before come to perfectly natural expression as something self-evident in the Persian ideas of Spenta Mainyu,29 and Vohu Mano,30 and in corresponding Jewish and Chaldean conceptions. And it was the kernel for which the conflicts of the fourth and fifth centuries concerning the substance of Christ were fought. But, for Magian thought, truth is itself a substance,31 and lie (or error) a second substance — again the same dualism that opposes light and darkness, life and death, good and evil. As substance, truth is identical now with God, now with the Spirit of God, now with the Word. Only in the light of this can we comprehend sayings like “I am the truth and the life” and “My word is the truth,” sayings to be understood, as they were meant, with reference to substance. Only so, too, can we realize with what eyes the religious man of this Culture looked upon his sacred book: in it the invisible truth has entered into a visible kind of existence, or, in the words of John i, 14: “The Word became flesh and dwelt among us.” According to the Yasna the Avesta was sent down from heaven, and according to the Talmud Moses received the Torah volume by volume from God. A Magian revelation is a mystical process in which the eternal and unformed word of God — or the Godhead as Word — enters into a man in order to assume through him the manifest, sensible form of sounds andespecially of letters. “Koran” means “reading.” Mohammed in a vision saw in the heaven treasured rolls of scripture that he (although he had never learned how to read) was able to decipher “in the name of the Lord.”32 This is a form of revelation that in the Magian Culture is the rule and in other Cultures is not even the exception,33 but it was only from the time of Cyrus that it began to take shape. The old Israelitish prophets, and no doubt Zarathustra also, see and hear in ecstasy things that afterwards they spread abroad. The Deuteronomic code (621) was given out as having been “found in the Temple,” which meant that it was to be taken as the wisdom of the Father. The first (and a very deliberate) example of a “Koran” is the book of Ezekiel, which the author received in a thought out vision from God and “swallowed” (iii, 1-3). Here, expressed in the crudest imaginable form, is the basis on which later the idea and shape of all apocalyptic writing was founded. But by degrees this substantial form of reception came to be one of the requisites for any book to be canonical. It was in post-Exilic times that the idea arose of the Tables of the Law received by Moses on Sinai; later such an origin came to be assumed for the whole Torah, and about the Maccabean period for the bulk of the Old Testament. From the Council of Jabna (about 90 B.C.) the whole word was regarded as inspired and delivered in the most literal sense. But the same evolution took place in the Persian religion up to the sanctification of the Avesta in the third century, and the same idea of a literal delivery appears in the second vision of Hermas, in the Apocalypses, and in the Chaldean and Gnostic and Mandaean writings; lastly, it underlies as a tacit natural basis, all the ideas that the Neo Pythagoreans and the Neo-Platonists formed of the writings of their old masters. “Canon” is the technical expression for the totality of writings that are accepted by a religion as delivered. It was as canons in this sense that the Hermetic collection and the corpus of Chaldean oracles came into being from 200 — the latter a sacred book of the Neoplatonists which alone was admitted by Proclus, the “Father” of this Church, to stand with Plato’s Timaus. Originally, the young Jesus religion, like Jesus himself, recognized the Jewish canon. The first Gospels set up no sort of claim to be the Word made visible. The John Gospel is the first Christian writing of which the evident purpose is that of a Koran, and its unknown author is the originator of the idea that there could be and must be a Christian Koran. The grave and difficult decision whether the new religion should break with that which Jesus had believed in clothed itself of deep necessity in the question whether the Jewish scriptures might still be regarded as incarnations of the one truth. The answer of the John Gospel was tacitly, and that of Marcion openly, no, but that of the Fathers was, quite illogically, yes. It followed from this metaphysical conception of the essence of a sacred book that the expressions “God speaks” and “the Scripture says” were, in a manner wholly alien to our thought, completely identical. To us it is suggestive of the Arabian Nights that God himself should be spellbound in these words and letters and could be unsealed and compelled to reveal the truth by the adepts of this magic. Exegesis no less than inspiration and delivery is a process of mystical under-meaning (Mark i, 2.1). Hence the reverence — in diametrical opposition to the Classical feeling — with which these precious manuscripts were cared for, their ornamentation by every means known to the young Magian art, and the appearance again and again of new scripts which, in the eyes of their users, alone possessed the power of capturing the truth sent down. But such a Koran is by its very nature unconditionally right, and therefore unalterable and incapable of improvement. There arose, in consequence, the habit of secret interpretations meant to bring the text into harmony with the convictions of the time. A masterpiece of this kind is Justinian’s Digests, but the same applies not only to every book of the Bible, but also (we need not doubt) to the Gathas of the Avesta and even to the then current manuscripts of Plato, Aristotle, and other authorities of the Pagan theology. More important still is the assumption, traceable in every Magian religion, of a secret revelation, or a secret meaning of the Scriptures, preserved not by being written down, but in the memory of adepts and propagated orally. According to Jewish notions, Moses received at Sinai not only the written, but also a secret oral Torah,34 which it was forbidden to commit to writing. “God foresaw,” says the Talmud, “that one day a time would come when the Heathen would possess themselves of the Torah and would say to Israel: ‘We, too, are sons of God.’ Then will the Lord say: ‘Only he who knows my secrets is my son.’ And what are the secrets of God? The oral teachings.”35 The Talmud, then, in the form in which it is generally accessible, contains only a part of the religious material, and it is the same with Christian texts of the early period. It has often been observed36 that Mark speaks of the Visitation and of the Resurrection only in hints, and that John only touches upon the doctrine of the Paraclete and omits the institution of the Lord’s Supper entirely. The initiates understood what was meant, and the unbeliever ought not to know it. Later there was a whole “secret discipline” which bound Christians to observe silence in the presence of unbelievers concerning the baptismal confession and other matters. With the Chaldeans, Neo-pythagoreans, Cynics, Gnostics, and especially the sects from Jewish to Islamic, this tendency went to such lengths that the greater part of their secret doctrines is unknown to us. Concerning the Word thus preserved only in the minds there was a consensus of silence, the more so as each believer was certain that the other “knew.” We ourselves, as it is upon the most important things that we are most emphatic and forthright, run the risk of misinterpreting Magian doctrines through taking the part that was expressed for the whole that existed, and the profane literal meaning of words for their real significance. Gothic Christianity had no secrets and hence it doubly mistrusted the Talmud, which it rightly regarded as being only the foreground of Jewish doctrine. Pure Magian, too, is the Kabbalah, which out of numbers, letter forms, points, and strokes, unfolds secret significances, and therefore cannot but be as old as the Word itself that was sent down as Substance. The secret dogma of the creation of the world out of the twenty-two letters of the Hebrew alphabet, and that of the throne chariot of Ezekiel’s Vision, are already traceable in Maccabean times. Closely related to this is the allegorical exegesis of the sacred texts. All the tractates of the Mishnah, all the Fathers, all the Alexandrian philosophers are full of it; in Alexandria the whole Classical mythology and even Plato were treated in this way and brought into analogy (Moses = Musaeus) with the Jewish prophets. The only strictly scientific method that an unalterable Koran leaves open for progressive opinion is that of commentary. As by hypothesis the “word” of an authority cannot be improved upon, the only resource is reinterpretation. No one in Alexandria would ever have asserted that Plato was in “error”; instead, he was glossed upon. It was done in the strictly constructed forms of the Halakha, and the fixation of this exegesis in writing takes the commentary shape that dominates all religious, philosophical, and savant literatures of this Culture. Following the procedure of the Gnostics, the Fathers compiled written commentaries upon the Bible, and similarly the Pehlevi commentary of the Zend appeared by the side of the Avesta, and the Midrash by the side of the Jewish canon. But the “Roman” jurists of about A.D. 200 and the “Late Classical” philosophers — that is, the Schoolmen of the growing cult church — went just the same way; the Apocalypse of this Church, commented over and over again after Posidonius, was the Timaeus of Plato. The Mishnah is one vast commentary upon the Torah. And when the oldest exegetes had become themselves authorities and their writings Korans, commentaries were written upon commentaries, as by Simplicius, the last Platonist, in the West, by the Amoraim, who added the Gemara to the Mishnah in the East, and by the jurists who compiled the Imperial Constitutions into the Digests at Byzantium. This method, which fictitiously refers back every saying to an immediate inspired delivery, was brought to its keenest edge in the Talmudic and the Islamic theologies. A new Halakha or a Hadith is only valid when it can be referred through an unbroken chain of guarantors back to Moses or Mohammed.37 The solemn formula for this in Jerusalem was “Let it come over me! So have I heard it from my teacher.”38 In the Zend the citation of the chain of warranty is the rule, and Irenaeus justifies his theology by the fact that a chain goes back from him through Polycarp to the primitive Community. Into the Early Christian literature this Halakha form entered so self-evidently that no one remarked it for what it was. Apart altogether from the constant references to the Law and the Prophets, it appears in the superscription of the four Gospels (“according to” Mark), each of which had thus to present its warrant if authority was to be claimed for the words of the Lord that it presented.39 This established the chain back to the Truth that was incarnate in Jesus, and it is impossible to exaggerate the intense reality of this in the world idea of an Augustine or a Jerome. This is the basis of the practice, which spread even more widely from the time of Alexander onwards, of providing religious and philosophical writings with names,40 like Enoch, Solomon, Ezra, Hermes, Pythagoras — guarantors and vessels of divine wisdom, in whom, therefore, the Word had been made Flesh of old. We still possess a number of Apocalypses bearing the name of Baruch, who was then compared with Zarathustra, and we can scarcely form an idea of what in the way of literature circulated under the names of Aristotle and Pythagoras. The “Theology of Aristotle” was one of the most influential works of Neoplatonism. And, lastly, this the metaphysical presupposition for the style and the deeper meaning of citation, which was employed by Fathers, Rabbis, “Greek” philosophers, and “Roman” jurists, and eventuated on the one hand in the Law of Valentinian III, and on the other in the elimination from the Jewish and Christian canons of apocryphal writings — a fundamental notion, which differentiated the literary stock according to difference of substance. The Eastern Church, since the Council of Nicaea, had organized itself with an episcopal constitution, at the head of which stood the Katholikos of Ctesiphon, and with councils, liturgy, and law of its own. In 486 the Nestorian doctrine was accepted as binding, and the tie with Constantinople was thus broken. From that point on, Masdaists, Manichaeans, and Nestorians have a common destiny, of which the seed was sown in the Gnosis of Bardesanes. In the Monophysite Churches of the South, the spirit of the primitive Community emerged again and spread itself further; with its uncompromising monotheism and its hatred of images its closest affinity was with Talmudic Judaism, and its old battle cry of εἷς θεός had already marked it to be, with that Judaism, the starting point of Islam (“Allah il Allah”) The Western Church continued to be bound up with the fate of the Roman Empire — that is, the cult church became the State. Gradually it absorbed into itself the adherents of the Pagan Church, and thenceforth its importance lay not so much in itself — for Islam almost annihilated it — but in the accident that it was from it that the young peoples of the Western Culture received the Christian system as the basis for a new creation,56 receiving it, moreover, in the Latin guise of the extreme West — which for the Greek Church itself was unmeaning, since Rome was now a Greek city, and the Latin language was far more truly at home in Africa and Gaul. The essential and elemental concept of the Magian nation, a being that consists in extension, had been from the beginning active in extending itself. All these Churches were, deliberately, forcefully, and successfully, missionary Churches. But it was not until men had at last ceased to think of the end of the world as imminent, and dogma appropriate to prolonged existence in this World’s Cavern had been built up, and the Magian religions had taken up their standpoint towards the problem of substance, that the extending of the Culture took up that swift, passionate tempo that distinguished it from all others and found in Islam its most impressive, its last, but by no means its only example. Of these mighty facts Western theologians and historians give an entirely false picture. All that their gaze, riveted upon the Mediterranean lands, observes is the Western direction that fits in with their “Ancient-Medieval-Modern” schema, and even within these limits, accepting the ostensible unity of Christianity, they regard it as passing at a certain period from a Greek into a Latin form, whereby the Greek residue is lost sight of altogether. But even before Christianity — and this is a fact of which the immense significance has never been observed, which has not even been correctly interpreted as mission effort — the Pagan Church had won for the Syncretic Cult the greater part of the population of North Africa, Spain, Gaul, Britain, and the Rhine and Danube frontiers. Of the Druidism that Caesar had found in Gaul, little remained extant by the time of Constantine. The assimilation of indigenous local gods under the names of the great Magian divinities of the Cult church (and especially Mithras-Sol-Jupiter) from the second century on, was essentially a process of conquest, and the same is true of the later emperor worship.57 The missionary efforts of Christianity here would have been less successful than they were if the other cult church — its near relative — had not preceded it. But the latter’s propaganda was by no means limited to barbarian fields; even in the fifth century the missionary Asclepiodotus converted Aphrodisias, a Carian city, from Christianity to Paganism. The Jews, as has been shown already, directed missionary effort on a large scale towards the East and the South. Through southern Arabia they drove into the heart of Africa, possibly even before the birth of Christ, while on the side of the East their presence in China is demonstrable, even in the second century. To the north the realm of the Khazars58 and its capital, Astrakhan, later went over to Judaism. From this area came the Mongols of Jewish religion who advanced into the heart of Germany and were defeated, along with the Hungarians, in the battle of the Lechfeld in 955. Jewish scholars of the Spanish-Moorish universities petitioned the Byzantine Emperor (in A.D. 1000) for safe conduct for an embassy that was to ask the Khazars whether they were the Lost Tribes of Israel. From the Tigris, Mazdaists and Manichaeans penetrated the empires on either hand, Roman and Chinese, to their utmost frontiers. Persian, as the Mithras cult, invaded Britain; Manichaeism had by 400 become a danger to Greek Christianity, and there were Manichaean sects in southern France as late as the Crusades;59 but the two religions drove eastwards as well, along the Great Wall of China (where the great polyglot inscription of Kara Balgassun testifies to the introduction of the Manichasan faith in the Oigur realm) and even to Shantung. Persian fire temples arose in the interior of China, and from 700 Persian expressions are found in Chinese astrological writings. The three Christian Churches everywhere followed up the blazed trails. When the Western Church converted the Frankish King Chlodwig in 496, the missionaries of the Eastern Church had already reached Ceylon and the westernmost Chinese garrisons of the Great Wall, and those of the Southern were in the Empire of Axum. At the same time as, after Boniface (718), Germany became converted, the Nestorian missionaries were within an ace of winning China itself. They had entered Shantung in 638. The Emperor Gaodsung (651-84) permitted churches to be built in all provinces of the Empire, in 750 Christianity was preached in the Imperial palace itself, and in 781, according to the Aramaic and Chinese inscriptions upon a memorial column in Singafu which has been preserved, “all China was covered with the palaces of Concord.” But it is in the highest degree significant that the Confucians, who cannot be called inexpert in religious matters, regarded the Nestorians, Mazdaists, and Manichaeans as adherents of a single “Persian” religion,60 just as the population of the Western Roman provinces were unable to discriminate between Mithras and Christ. Islam, therefore, is to be regarded as the Puritanism of the whole group of Early Magian religions, emerging as a religion only formally new, and in the domain of the Southern Church and Talmudic Judaism. It is this deeper significance, and not merely the force of its warlike onslaught, that gives the key to its fabulous successes. Although on political grounds it practiced an astounding toleration — John Damascenus, the last great dogmatist of the Greek Church, was, under the name of Al Manzor, treasurer to the Caliph — Judaism, Mazdaism, and the Southern and Eastern churches of Christianity were swiftly and almost completely dissolved in it. The Katholikos of Seleucia, Jesujabh III, complains that tens of thousands of Christians went over to it as soon as it came on the scene, and in North Africa — the home of Augustine — the entire population fell away to Islam at once. Mohammed died in 632. In 641 the whole domain of the Monophysites and the Nestorians (and, therefore, of the Talmud and the Avesta) were in the possession of Islam. In 717 it stood before Constantinople, and the Greek Church was in peril of extinction. Already in 618 a relative of the prophet had brought presents to the Chinese Emperor Tai-dsung and obtained leave to institute a mission. From 700 there were mosques in Shantung, and in 720 Damascus sent instructions to the Arabs long established in southern France to conquer the realm of the Franks. Two centuries later, when in the West a new religious world was arising out of the remains of the old Western Church, Islam was in the Sudan and in Java. For all this, Islam is significant only as a piece of outward religious history. The inner history of the Magian religion ends with Justinian’s time, as truly as that of the Faustian ends with Charles V and the Council of Trent. Any book on religious history shows “the”Christian religion as having had two ages of grand thought movements — 0-500 in the East and 1000- 1500 in the West.61 But these are two springtimes of two Cultures, and in them are comprised also the non-Christian forms which belong to each religious development. The closing of the University of Athens by Justinian in 529 was not, as is always stated, the end of Classical philosophy — there had been no Classical philosophy for centuries. What he did, forty years before the birth of Mohammed, was to end the theology of the Pagan Church by closing this school and — as the historians forget to add — to end the Christian theology also by closing those of Antioch and Alexandria. Dogma was complete, finished — just as it was in the West with the Council of Trent (1564) and the Confession of Augsburg (1540), for with the city and intellectualism religious creative force comes to an end. So also in Jewry and in Persia, the Talmud was concluded about 500, and when Chosroes Nushirvan in 529 bloodily suppressed the Reformation of Mazdak — which was not unlike our Anabaptism in its rejection of marriage and worldly property, and had been supported by King Kobad I as counteracting the power of Church and nobility — Avestan dogma similarly passed into fixity. Subject: Re: Abrahamism Wed May 29, 2019 3:16 pm Amongst Jesus’s friends and disciples, stunned as they were by the appalling outcome of the journey to Jerusalem, there spread after a few days the news of his resurrection and reappearance. The impression of this news on such souls and in such a time can never be more than partially echoed in the sensibilities of a Late mankind. It meant the actual fulfillment of all the Apocalyptic of that Magian Springtime — the end of the present eon marked by the ascension of the redeemed Redeemer, the second Adam, the Saoshyant, Enosh, Barnasha, or whatever other name man attached to “Him,” into the light realm of the Father. And therewith the foretold future, the new world eon, “the Kingdom of Heaven,” became immediately present. They felt themselves at the decisive point in the history of redemption. This certainty completely transformed the world outlook of the little circles. “His” teachings, as they had flowed from his mild and noble nature — his inner feeling of the relation between God and man and of the high meaning of the times, and were exhaustively comprised in and defined by the word “love” — fell into the background, and their place was taken by the teaching of Him, As the Arisen he became for his disciples a new figure, in and of the Apocalyptic, and (what was more) its most important and final figure. But therewith their image of the future took form as an image of memory. Now, this was something of quite decisive importance, unheard of in the world of Magian thought — the transference of an actuality, lived and experienced, on to the plane of the high story itself. The Jews (amongst them the young Paul) and the Mandaeans (amongst them the disciples of John the Baptist) fought against it with passion and made of Jesus a “False Messiah” such as had been spoken of in the earliest Persian texts.83 For them “He” was still to come from afar; for the little community “He” had already been — had they not seen him and lived with him? We have to enter into this conception unreservedly if we are to appreciate the enormous superiority it had in those times. Instead of an uncertain glimpse into the distance,84 a compelling present; instead of fearful waiting for a liberating certainty, instead of a saga, a lived and shared human destiny — truly they were “glad tidings” that were proclaimed. But to whom? Even in the first days the question arose which decided the whole Destiny of the new revelation. Jesus and his friends were Jews by birth, but they did not belong to the land of Judea. Here in Jerusalem men looked for the Messiah of their old sacred books, a Messiah who was to appear for the “Jewish people,” in the old tribal sense, and only for them. But all the rest of the Aramaean world waited upon the Saviour of the world, the Redeemer and Son of Man, the figure of all apocalyptic literature, whether written out in Jewish, Persian, Chaldean, or Mandaean terms.85 In the one view the death and resurrection of Jesus were merely local events; in the other they betokened a world change. For, while everywhere else the Jews were a Magian nation without home or unity of birth, Jerusalem held firmly to the tribal idea. The conflict was not one between “preaching to the Jews” and “preaching to the Gentiles” — it went far deeper. The word “mission” had essentially here a twofold meaning. In the Judaic view there was essentially no need for recruiting — quite the reverse, as it was a contradiction to the Messiah idea. The words “tribe” and “mission” are reciprocally exclusive. The members of the Chosen People, and in particular the priesthood, had merely to convince themselves that their longing was now fulfilled. But to the Magian nation, based on consensus or community of feeling, what the Resurrection conveyed was a full and definitive truth, and consensus in the matter of this truth gave the principle of the true nation, which must necessarily expand till it had taken in all older and conceptually incomplete principles. “A Shepherd and his sheep” was the formula of the new world nation. The nation of the Redeemer was identical with mankind. When, therefore, we survey the early history of this Culture, we see that the controversy in the Apostles’ Council86 had been already decided, five hundred years before, by facts. Post-exilic Jewry (with the sole exception of self-contained Judea) had, like the Persians, Chaldeans, and others, recruited widely amongst the heathen, from Turkestan to inner Africa, regardless of home and origin. As to this there is now no controversy. It never at any time entered the heads of this community to be anything but what it really was. It was itself already the result of a national existence in dispersion. In utter contrast to the old Jewish texts — which were a carefully preserved treasure, and of which the right interpretation, the Halakha, was reserved by the Rabbis to themselves — the apocalyptic literature was written so that it could reach all the souls to be wakened, and interpreted so that it might strike home in everyone. It is easy to see which of these conceptions was that of Jesus’s oldest friends, for they established themselves as a community of the Last Days in Jerusalem and frequented the Temple. For these simple folk — amongst them his brothers, who erstwhile had openly rejected him, and his mother, who now believed in her executed Son87 — the power of the Judaic tradition was even stronger than the spirit of Apocalypse. In their object of convincing the Jews they failed (although at first even Pharisees came over to them) and so they remained as one of the numerous sects within Judaism, and their product, the “Confession of Peter,” may fairly be characterized as an express assertion that they themselves were the true Jewry and the Synedrion the false.88 The final destiny of this circle89 was to fall into oblivion when, as very soon happened, the whole world of Magian thought and feeling responded to the new apocalyptic teaching. Amongst the later disciples of Jesus were many who were definitely and purely Magian, and wholly free from the Pharisaic spirit. Long before Paul, they had tacitly settled the mission question. Not to preach, for them, was not to live at all, and presently they had assembled, everywhere from the Tigris to the Tiber, small circles in which the figure of Jesus, in every conceivable presentation, merged with the mass of prior visions.90 Out of this, a new discord arose, as between mission to the heathen and mission to the Jews, and this was far more important than the conflict between Judea and the world on issues already decided. Jesus had lived in Galilee. Was his teaching to look west or east? Was it to be a Jesus cult or an Order of the Saviour? Was it to seek intimacy with the Persian or with the Syncretic Church, both of which were in process of formation? This was the question decided by Paul — the first great personality in the new movement, and the first who had the sense not only of truths, but of facts. As a young rabbi from the West, and a pupil of one of the most famous of the Tannaim, he had persecuted the Christians qua Jewish sectaries. Then, after an awakening of the sort that often happened in those days, he turned to the numerous small cult communities of the West and forged out of them a Church of his own modeling: so that thenceforward, the Pagan and the Christian cult Churches evolved in parallel, and with constant reciprocal action, up to Iamblichus and Athanasius (about A.D. 330). In the presence of this great ideal, Paul had for the Jesus communities of Jerusalem a scarcely veiled contempt. There is nothing in the New Testament more express and exact than the beginning of the Epistle to the Galatians; his activity is a selfassumed task; he has taught how it pleased him and he has built how it pleased him. Finally, after fourteen years, he goes to Jerusalem in order, by force of his superior mentality, his success, and his effective independence of the old comrades of Jesus, to compel them there to agree that his, Paul’s, creation contained the true doctrine. Peter and his people, alien to actualities, failed to seize and appreciate the far reaching significance of the discussion. And from that moment the primitive community was superfluous. Paul was a rabbi in intellect and an apocalyptic in feeling. He recognized Judaism, but as a preliminary development. And thus there came to be two Magian religions with the same Scriptures (namely, the Old Testament), but a double Halakha, the one setting towards the Talmud — developed by the Tannaim at Jerusalem from 300 B.C. onwards — and the other, founded by Paul and completed by the Fathers, in the direction of the Gospel. But, further, Paul drew together the whole fullness of Apocalypse and salvation yearning then circulating in these fields91 into a salvation certainty, the certainty immediately revealed to him and to him alone near Damascus. “Jesus is the Redeemer and Paul is his Prophet” — this is the whole content of his message. The analogy with Mohammed could scarcely be closer. They differed neither in the nature of the awakening, nor in prophetic self assuredness, nor in the consequent assertion of sole authority and unconditional truth for their respective expositions. With Paul, urban man and his “intelligence” come on the scene. The others, though they might know Jerusalem or Antioch, never grasped the essence of these cities. They lived soilbound, rural, wholly soul and feeling. But now there appeared a spirit that had grown up in the great cities of Classical cast, that could only live in cities, that neither understood nor respected the peasant’s countryside. An understanding was possible with Philo, but with Peter never. Paul was the first by whom the Resurrection experience was seen as a problem; the ecstatic awe of the young countryman changed in his brain into a conflict of spiritual principles. For what a contrast! — the struggle of Gethsemane, and the hour of Damascus: Child and Man, soul anguish and intellectual decision, self-devotion to death and resolve to change sides! Paul had begun by seeing in the new Jewish sect a danger to the Pharisaism of Jerusalem; now, suddenly, he comprehended that the Nazarenes “were right” — a phrase that is inconceivable on the lips of Jesus — and took up their cause against Judaism, thereby setting up as an intellectual quantity that which had previously consisted in the knowledge of an experience. An intellectual quantity — but in making his cause into this he unwittingly drove it close to the other intellectual powers, the cities of the West. In the ambiance of pure Apocalyptic there is no “intellect.” For the old comrades it was simply not possible to understand him in the least — and mournfully and doubtfully they must have looked at him while he was addressing them. Their living image of Jesus (whom Paul had never seen) paled in this bright, hard light of concepts and propositions. Thenceforward the holy memory faded into a Scholastic system. But Paul had a perfectly exact feeling for the true home of his ideas. His missionary journeys were all directed westward, and the East he ignored. He never left the domain of the Classical city. Why did he go to Rome, to Corinth, and not to Edessa or Ctesiphon? And why was it that he worked only in the cities, and never from village to village? That things developed thus was due to Paul alone. In the face of his practical energy the feelings of all the rest counted for nothing, and so the young Church took the urban and Western tendency decisively, so decisively that later it could describe the remaining heathen as “pagani,” country folk. Thus arose an immense danger that only youth and vernal force enabled the growing Church to repel; the fellah world of the Classical cities grasped at it with both hands, and the marks of that grasp are visible today. But — how remote already from the essence of Jesus, whose entire life had been bound to country and the country folk! The Pseudomorphosis in which he was born he had simply not noticed; his soul contained not the smallest trace of its influence — and now, a generation after him, probably within the lifetime of his mother, that which had grown up out of his death had already become a center of formative purpose for that Pseudomorphosis. The Classical City was soon the only theater of ritual and dogmatic evolution. Eastward the community extended only furtively and unobtrusively.92 About A.D. 100 there was already Christians beyond the Tigris, but as far as the development of the Church was concerned they and their beliefs might almost have been non-existent. It was a second creation, then, that came out of Paul’s immediate entourage, and it was this creation that, essentially, defined the form of the new Church. The personality and the story of Jesus cried aloud to be put into poetic form, and yet it is due to one man alone, Mark, that Gospels came into existence at all.93 What Paul and Mark had before them was a firm tradition in the community, the “Gospel,” a continued and propagated hearsay, supported by formless and insignificant notes in Aramaic and Greek, but in no way set out. In any case, of course, serious documents would have come into existence some time or another, but their natural form as products of the spirit of those who had lived with Jesus (and of the spirit of the East generally) would have been a canonical collection of his sayings, amplified, conclusively defined, and provided with an exegesis by the Councils and pivoting upon the Second Advent. But any tentatives in this direction were completely broken off by the Gospel of Mark, which was written down about A.D. 65, at the same time as the last Pauline Epistles, and, like them, in Greek. The writer had no suspicion, perhaps, of the significance of his little work, but it made him one of the supremely important personalities not only of Christianity, but of the Arabian Culture generally. All older attempts vanished, leaving writings in Gospel form as the sole sources concerning Jesus. (So much so that “Evangelium” from signifying the content of glad tidings, came to mean the form itself.) The work was the outcome of the wishes of Pauline, literate, circles that had never heard any one of Jesus’s companions discourse about him. It is an apocalyptic life picture from a distance; lived experience is replaced by narrative, and narrative so plain and straightforward that the apocalyptic tendency passes quite unperceived.94 And yet Apocalyptic is its condition precedent. It is not the words of Jesus, but the doctrine of Jesus in the Pauline form, that constitutes the substance of Mark. The first Christian book emanates from the Pauline creation. But very soon the latter itself becomes unthinkable without the book and its successors. For presently there arose something which Paul, the born schoolman, had never intended, but which nevertheless had been made inevitable by the tendency of his work — the cult church of Christian nationality. While the Syncretic creed community, in proportion as it attained to consciousness of itself, drew the innumerable old city cults and the new Magian together and by means of a supreme cult endowed the structure with henotheistic form, the Jesus cult of the oldest Western communities was so long dissected and enriched that it also came to consist of just such another mass of cults.95 Around the birth of Jesus, of which the Disciples knew nothing, grew up a story of his childhood. In the Mark Gospel it has not yet come into existence. Already in the old Persian apocalyptic, indeed, the Saoshyant as Saviour of the Last Day was said to be born of a virgin. But the new western myth was of quite other significance and had incalculable consequences. For within the Pseudomorphosis region there arose presently beside Jesus a figure to which he was Son, which transcended his figure — that of the Mother of God. She, like her Son, was a simple human destiny of such arresting and attractive force that she towered above all the hundred and one Virgins and Mothers of Syncretism — Isis, Tanit, Cybele, Demeter — and all the mysteries of birth and pain, and finally drew them into herself. For Irenseus she is the Eve of a new mankind. Origen champions her continued virginity. By giving birth to Redeemer God it is she really who has redeemed the world. Mary the “Theotokos” (she who bare God) was the great stumbling block for the Christians outside the Classical frontier, and it was the doctrinal developments of this idea that led Monophysites and Nestorians to break away and reestablish the pure Jesus religion.96 But the Faustian Culture, again, when it awoke and needed a symbol whereby to express its primary feeling for Infinity in time and to manifest its sense of the succession of generations, set up the “Mater Dolorosa” and not the suffering Redeemer as the pivot of the German Catholic Christianity of the Gothic age; and for whole centuries of bright fruitful inwardness this woman figure was the very synthesis of Faustian world feeling and the object of all art, poetry, and piety. Even today in the ritual and the prayers of the Roman Catholic Church, and above all in the thoughts of its people, Jesus takes second place after the Madonna.97 Along with the Mary cult there arose the innumerable cults of the saints, which certainly exceeded in number those of the antique place gods; when the Pagan Church finally expired, the Christian had been able to absorb the whole store of local cults in the form of the veneration of saints. Paul and Mark were decisive in yet another matter of inestimably wide import. It was a result of Paul’s mission that, contrary to all the initial probabilities, Greek became the language of the Church and — following the lead of the first Gospel — of a sacred Greekliterature. Let the reader consider what this meant, in one way and another. The Jesus Church was artificially separated from its spiritual origins and attached to an alien and scholarly element. Touch with the folk spirit of the Aramaean motherland was lost. Thenceforward both the cult churches possessed the same language, the same conceptual traditions, the same book literature from the same schools. The far less sophisticated Aramaic literatures of the East — the truly Magian, written and thought in the language of Jesus and his companions — were cut off from cooperating in the life of the Church. They could not be read, they dropped out of sight, and finally they were forgotten altogether. After all, notwithstanding that the Persian Scriptures were set down in Avestan and the Jewish in Hebrew, the language of their authors and exegetes; the language of the whole Apocalyptic from which the teachings of Jesus, and secondarily the teachings about Jesus, sprang; the language, lastly, of the scholars of all the Mesopotamian universities — was Aramaic. All this vanished from the field of view, to be replaced by Plato and Aristotle, both of whom were taken up, worked upon in common, and misunderstood in common by the Schoolmen of the two cult churches. A final step in this direction was attempted by a man who was the equal of Paul in organizing talent and greatly his superior in intellectual creativeness, but who was inferior to him in the feeling for possibilities and actualities, and consequently failed to achieve his grandly conceived schemes — Marcion.98 He saw in Paul’s creation and its consequences only the basis on which to found the true religion of salvation. He was sensible of the absurdity of two religions that were unreservedly at war with one another possessing the same Holy Writ — namely, the Jewish canon. To us today it seems almost inconceivable that this should have been, but in fact it was so, for a century — but we have to remember what a sacred text meant in every kind of Magian religiousness. In these texts Marcion saw the real “conspiracy against the truth” and the most urgent danger for the doctrines intended by Jesus and, in his view, not yet actualized. Paul the prophet had declared the Old Testament as fulfilled and concluded — Marcion the founder pronounced it defeated and canceled. He strove to cut out everything Jewish, down to the last detail. From end to end he was fighting nothing but Judaism. Like every true founder, like every religiously creative period, like Zarathustra, the prophets of Israel, like the Homeric Greeks, and like the Germans converted to Christianity, he transformed the old gods into defeated powers.99 Jehovah as the Creator God, the Demiurge, is the “Just”and therefore the Evil: Jesus as the incarnation of the Saviour God in this evil creation is the “alien” — that is, the good Principle.100 The foundation of Magian, and in particular Persian, feeling is perfectly unmistakable here. Marcion came from Sinope, the old capital of that Mithradatic Empire whose religion is indicated in the very name of its kings. Here of old, too, the Mithras cult had originated. But to the new doctrine properly belonged new Scriptures. The “Law and Prophets” which had hitherto been canonical for the whole of Christendom was the Bible of the Jewish God, and in fact it had just been given final shape as such by the Synedrion at Jabna. Thus, it was a Devil’s book that the Christian had in his hands, and Marcion, therefore, now set up against it the Bible of the Redeemer God — likewise an assemblage and ordering of writings that had hitherto been current in the community101 as simple edification books without canonical claims. In place of the Torah he puts the — one and true — Gospel, which he builds up uniformly out of various separate, and, in his view, corrupted and falsified, Gospels. In place of the Israelite prophets he sets up the Epistles of the one prophet of Jesus, who was Paul. Thus Marcion became the real creator of the New Testament. But for that reason it is impossible to ignore the mysterious personage, closely related to him, who not long before had written the Gospel “according to John.” The intention of this writer was neither to amplify nor to supersede the Gospels proper; what he did — and, unlike Mark, consciously did — was to create something quite new, the first sacred book of Christianity, the Koran of the new religion.102 The book proves that this religion was already conceived of as something complete and enduring. The idea of the immediately impending end of the world, with which Jesus was filled through and through and which even Paul and Mark in a measure shared, lies far behind “John” and Marcion. Apocalyptic is at an end, and Mysticism is beginning. Their content is not the teaching of Jesus, nor even the Pauline teaching about Jesus, but the enigma of the universe, the World Cavern. There is here no question of a Gospel; not the figure of the Redeemer, but the principle of the Logos, is the meaning and the means of happening. The childhood story is rejected again; a god is not “born,” he is “there,” and wanders in human form over the earth. And this god is a Trinity — God, the Spirit of God, the Word of God. This sacred book of earliest Christianity contains, for the first time, the Magian problem of “Substance,” which dominated the following centuries of the exclusion of everything else and finally led to the religion’s splitting up into three churches. And — what is significant in more respects than one — the solution of that problem to which “John” stands closest is that which the Nestorian East stood for as the true one. It is, in virtue of the Logos idea (Greek though the word happens to be) the “easternmost” of the Gospels, and presents Jesus, emphatically not as the bringer of the final and total revelation, but as the second envoy, who is to be followed by a third (the Comforter, Paraclete, of John xiv, 16, 16; xv, 26). This is the astounding doctrine that Jesus himself proclaims, and the decisive note of this enigmatic book. Here is unveiled, quite suddenly, the faith of the Magian East. If the Logos does not go, the Paraclete103 cannot come (John xvi, 7), but between them lies the last Eon, the rule of Ahriman (xiv, 30). The Church of the Pseudomorphosis, ruled by Pauline intellect, fought long against the John Gospel and gave it recognition only when the offensive, darkly hinted doctrine had been covered over by a Pauline interpretation. The real state of affairs is disclosed in the Montanist movement (Asia Minor, 160) which harked back to oral tradition and proclaimed in Montanus the manifested Paraclete and the end of the world. Its popularity was immense. Tertullian went over to it at Carthage in 207. About 245 Mani,104 who was intimately in touch with the currents of Eastern Christianity,105 cast out the Pauline, human Jesus as a demon and confessed the Johannine Logos as the true Jesus, but announced himself as the Paraclete of the fourth Gospel. In Carthage, Augustine became a Manichaean, and it is a highly suggestive fact that both movements finally fused with Marcionism. To return to Marcion himself, it was he who carried through the idea of “John” and created a Christian Bible. And then, verging on old age, when the communities of the extreme west recoiled from him in horror,106 he set out to build the masterly structure of his own Redeemer Church.107 From 156 to 190 this was a power, and it was only in the following century that the older Church succeeded in degrading the Marcionites to the rank of heretics. Even so, in the broad East and as far out as Turkestan, it was still important at a much later date, and it ended, in a way deeply significant of its essential feeling, by fusing with the Manichaeans.108 Nevertheless, though in the fullness of his conscious superiority he had underestimated the vis inertiae of existing conditions, his grand effort was not in vain. He was, like Paul before him and Athanasius after him, the deliverer of Christianity at a moment when it threatened to break up, and the grandeur of his idea is in no wise diminished by the fact that union came about in opposition to, instead of through, him. The early Catholic Church — that is, the Church of the Pseudomorphosis — arose in its greatness only about 190, and then it was in self-defense against the Church of Marcion and with the aid of an organization taken from that Church. Further, it replaced Marcion’s Bible by another of similar structure — Gospels and apostolic Epistles — which it then proceeded to combine with the Law and the Prophets in one unit. And finally, this act of linking the two Testaments having in itself settled the Church’s attitude towards Judaism, it proceeded to combat Marcion’s third creation, his Redeemer doctrine, by making a start with a theology of its own on the basis of his enunciation of the problem. This development, however, took place on Classical soil, and, therefore, even the Church that arose in opposition to Marcion and his anti-Judaism was looked upon by Talmudic Jewry (whose center of gravity lay entirely in Mesopotamia and its universities) as a mere piece of Hellenistic paganism. The destruction of Jerusalem was a conclusive event that in the world of fact no spiritual power could nullify. Such is the intimacy of inward relationship between waking consciousness, religion, and speech that the complete severance after 70 of the Greek Pseudomorphosis and the Aramaic (that is, the truly Arabian) region was bound to result in the formation of two distinct domains of Magian religious development. On the Western margin of the young Culture the Pagan cult church, the Jesus Church (removed thither by Paul), and the Greek speaking Judaism of the Philo stamp were in point of language and literature so interlocked that the last named fell into Christianity even in the first century, and Christianity and Hellenism combined to form a common early philosophy. In the Aramaic speaking world from the Orontes to the Tigris, on the other hand, Judaism and Persism interacted constantly and intimately, each creating in this period its own strict theology and scholastic in the Talmud and the Avesta; and from the fourth century both these theologies exercised the most potent influence upon the Aramaic speaking Christendom that resisted the Pseudomorphosis, so that finally it broke away in the form of the Nestorian Church. Here in the East the difference, inherent in every human waking consciousness, between sense understanding and word understanding — and, therefore between eye and letter — led up to purely Arabian methods of mysticism and scholasticism. The apocalyptic certainty, “Gnosis” in the first century sense, that Jesus intended to confer,109 the divining contemplation and emotion, is that of the Israelite prophets, the Gathas, Sufism, and we have it recognizable still in Spinoza, in the Polish Messiah Baal Shem and in Mirza Ali Mohammed, the enthusiast founder of Bahaism, who was executed in Teheran in 1850. The other way, “Paradosis,” is the characteristically Talmudic method of word exegesis, of which Paul was a master;110 it pervades all later Avestan works, the Nestorian dialectic,111 the entire theology of Islam alike. On the other side, the Pseudomorphosis is single and whole both in its Magian believing acceptance (Pistis) and its metaphysical introversion (Gnosis).112 The Magian belief in its Westerly shape was formulated for the Christians by Irenaeus and, above all, by Tertullian, whose famous aphorism “Credo quia absurdum” is the very summation of this certainty in belief. The Pagan counterpart is Plotinus in his Enneads and even more so Porphyry in his treatise On the Return of the Soul to God.113 But for the great schoolmen of the Pagan Church too, there were Father (Nus), Son, and the middle Being, just as already for Philo the Logos had been firstborn Son and second God. Doctrines concerning ecstasy, angels and demons, and the dual substance of soul were freely current amongst them, and we see in Plotinus and Origen, both pupils of the same master, that the scholasticism of the Pseudomorphosis consisted in the development of Magian concepts and thoughts, by systematic transvaluation of the texts of Plato and Aristotle. The characteristic central idea of the whole thought of the Pseudomorphosis is the Logos,114 in use and development its faithful image. There is no possibility here of any “Greek,” in the sense of Classical, influence; there was not a man alive in those days whose spiritual disposition could have accommodated the smallest trace of the Logos of Heraclitus and the Stoa. But, equally, the theologies that lived side by side in Alexandria were never able to develop in full purity the Logos notion as they meant it, whereas both in Persian and Chaldean imaginings — as Spirit or Word of God — and in Jewish doctrine — as Ruach and Memra — it played a decisive part. What the Logos teaching in the West did was to develop a Classical formula, by way of Philo and the John Gospel (the enduring effect of which on the West was its mark upon the schoolmen) not only into an element of Christian mysticism, but, eventually, into a dogma.115 This was inevitable. This dogma which both the Western Churches held, corresponded, on the side of knowledge, to that which, on the side of faith, was represented both by the syncretic cults and the cults of Mary and the Saints. And against the whole thing, dogma and cult, the feeling of the East revolted from the 4th century on. For the eye the history of these thoughts and feelings is repeated in the history of Magian architecture. The basic form of the Pseudomorphosis is the Basilica, which was known to the Jews of the West and to the Hellenistic sects of the Chaldeans even before the time of Christ. As the Logos of the John Gospel is a Magian fundamental in Classical shape, so the Basilica is a Magian room whose inner walls correspond to the outer surfaces of the old Classical temple, the cult building introverted. The architectural form of the pure East is the cupola building, the Mosque, which without doubt existed long before the oldest Christian Churches in the temples of the Persians and Chaldeans, the synagogues of Mesopotamia, and probably the temples of Saba as well. The attempts to reconcile East and West in the Church Councils of the Byzantine period were finally symbolized in the mixed form of the domed basilica. For this item of the history of ecclesiastical architecture is really another expression of the great change that set in with Athanasius and Constantine, the last great champions of Christianity. The one created the firm western dogma and also Monasticism, into whose hands dogma gradually passed from those of the aging schools. The other founded the State of Christian nationality, to which likewise the name of “Greek” passed in the end. And of this transition the domed basilica is the symbol. Spengler. Otto wrote: But still more important than all this is the opposition of Spirit and Soul (Hebrew Ruach and nephesh, Persian ahu and urvan, Mandaean monuhmed and gyan, Greek pneuma and psyche) which first comes out in the basic feeling of the prophetic religions, then pervades the whole of Apocalyptic, and finally forms and guides the world contemplations of the awakened Culture — Philo, Paul and Plotinus, Gnostics and Mandaeans, Augustine and the Avesta, Islam and the Kabbalah. Ruach means originally “wind” and nephesh“breath.”2 The nephesh is always in one way or another related to the bodily and earthly, to the below, the evil, the darkness. Its effort is the “upward.” The ruach belongs to the divine, to the above, to the light. Its effects in man when it descends are the heroism of a Samson, the holy wrath of an Elijah, the enlightenment of the judge (the Solomon passing judgment3) and all kinds of divination and ecstasy. It is poured out.4 From Isaiah xi, 2, the Messiah becomes the incarnation of the ruach. Philo and the Islamic theology divide mankind into born Psychics and born Pneumatics (the “elect,” a concept thoroughly proper to the world cavern and Kismet). All the sons of Jacob are pneumatics. For Paul (1 Cor. xv) the meaning of the Resurrection lies in the opposition of a psychic and a pneumatic body, which alike for him and Philo and the author of the Baruch apocalypse coincides with the opposition of heaven and earth, light and darkness.5 For Paul, the Saviour is the heavenly Pneuma.6 In the John Gospel he fuses as Logos with the Light; in Neoplatonism he appears as Nus or, in the Classical terminology, the All One opposed to Physis.7 Paul and Philo, with their “Classical” (that is, western) conceptual criteria, equated soul and body with good and bad respectively, Augustine, as a Manichaean8 with Persian-Eastern bases of distinction, lumps soul and body together as the naturally bad, in contrast to God as the sole Good, and finds in this opposition the source of his doctrine of Grace, which developed also, in the same form (though quite independently of him) in Islam. For, for the popular religion, the first light that comes forth from the world creation is that of Mohammed, in the shape of a peacock10 “formed of white pearls” and walled about by veilings. But the peacock is the Envoy of God and the prime soul11 as early as the Mandaeans, and it is the emblem of immortality on Early Christian sarcophagi. The light diffusing pearl that illumines the dark house of the body is the Spirit entered into man, and thought of as substance, for the Mandaeans as in the Acts of Thomas.12 The Jezidi13 reverence the Logos as peacock and light; next to the Druses they have preserved most purely the old Persian conception of the substantial Trinity. One such story is that of Abraham’s having minted the thirty pieces of silver of Judas. Another is the tale of the “treasure cave” in which, deep under the hill of Golgotha, are stored the golden treasure of paradise and the bones of Adam.15 Dante’s poetic material was after all poetic, but this was sheer actuality, the only world in which these people lived continuously. Such sensations are unapproachably remote from men who live in and with a dynamical world picture. If we would obtain some inkling of how alien to us all the inner life of Jesus is — a painful realization for the Christian of the West, who would be glad indeed if he could make that inner life the point of contact for his own inward piety — if we would discover why nowadays only a pious Moslem has the capacity livingly to experience it, we should sink ourselves in this wonder element of a world image that was Jesus’s world image. And then, and only then, shall we perceive how little Faustian Christianity has taken over from the wealth of the Church of the Pseudomorphosis — of its world feeling nothing, of its inward form little, and of its concepts and figures much. World history is the picture of the living world into which man sees himself woven by birth, ancestry, and progeny, and which he strives to comprehend from out of his world feeling. The historical picture of Classical man concentrates itself upon the pure Present. Its content is no true Becoming, but a foreground Being with a conclusive background of timeless, rationalized as “the Golden Age.” This Being, however, was a variegated swarming of ups and downs, good and ill fortune, a blind “thereabouts,” an eternal alteration, yet ever in its changes the same, without direction, goal, or “Time.” The cavern feeling, on the contrary, requires a surveyable history consisting in a beginning and an end to the world that is also the beginning and the end of man — acts of God of mighty magic — and between these turns, spellbound to the limits of the Cavern and the ordained period, the battle of light and darkness, of the angels and Jazatas with Ahriman, Satan, and Eblis, in which Man, his Soul, and his Spirit are involved. The present Cavern God can destroy and replace by a new creation. The Persian-Chaldean apocalyptic offers to the gaze a whole series of such eons, and Jesus, along with his time, stood in expectation of the end of the existing one.18 The consequence of this is a historic outlook like that which is natural to Islam even today — the view over a given time. “The world view of the people falls naturally into three major parts — world beginning, world development, and world catastrophe. For the Moslem who feels so deeply ethically, the chief essentials in world development are the salvation story and the ethical way of life, knit into one as the “life” of man. This debouches into the world catastrophe, which contains the sanction of the moral history of humanity.”19 But, further, for the Magian human existence, the issue of the feeling of this sort of Time and the view of this sort of space is a quite peculiar type of piety, which likewise we may put under the sign of the Cavern — a willless resignation, to which the spiritual “I” is unknown, and which feels the spiritual “We” that has entered into the quickened body as simply a reflection of the divine Light. The Arab word for this is Islam ( = submission) but this Islam was equally Jesus’s normal mode of feeling and that of every other personality of religious genius that appeared in this Culture. Classical piety is something perfectly different,20 while, as for that of our own Culture, if we could mentally abstract from the piety of St. Theresa and Luther and Pascal their Ego — that Ego which wills to maintain itself against, to submit to, or even to be extinguished by the Divine Infinite — there would be nothing left. From this basic feeling proceeds the Magian idea of Grace. This underlies all sacraments of this Culture (especially the Magian protosacrament of Baptism) and forms a contrast of the deepest intensity with the Faustian idea of Contrition. Contrition presupposes the will of an Ego, but Grace knows of no such thing. It was Augustine’s high achievement to develop this essentially Islamic thought with an inexorable logic, and with a penetration so thorough that since Pelagius the Faustian Soul has tried by any and every route to circumvent this certainty — which for it constitutes an imminent danger of self destruction — and in using Augustinian propositions to express its own proper consciousness of God has ever misunderstood and transvalued them. Actually, Augustine was the last great thinker of Early Arabian Scholasticism, anything but a Western intellect.21 Not only was he at times a Manichaean, but he remained so even as a Christian in some important characteristics, and his closest relations are to be found amongst the Persian theologians of the later Avesta, with their doctrines of the Store of Grace of the Holy and of absolute guilt. For him grace is the substantial inflowing of something divine into the human Pneuma, itself also substantial.22 The Godhead radiates it; man receives it, but does not acquire it. From Augustine, as from Spinoza so many centuries later,23 the notion of force is absent, and for both the problem of freedom refers not to the Ego and its Will, but to the part of the universal Pneuma that is infused into a man and its relation to the rest of him. Magian waking being is the theater of a conflict between the two world substances of light and darkness. The Early Faustian thinkers such as Duns Scotus and William of Occam, on the contrary, see a contest inherent in dynamic waking consciousness itself, a contest of the two forces of the Ego — namely, will and reason,24 and so imperceptibly the question posed by Augustine changes into another, which he himself would have been incapable of understanding — are willing and thinking free forces, or are they not? Answer this question as we may, one thing at any rate is certain, that the individual ego has to wage this war and not to suffer it. The Faustian Grace refers to the success of the Will and not to the species of a substance. Says the Westminster Confession of the Presbyterians (1646): “The rest of Mankind, God was pleased, according to the unsearchable Counsel of his own Will, whereby he extendeth, or withholdeth Mercy, as he pleaseth, for the Glory of his Sovereign Power over his Creatures, to pass by; and to ordain them to Dishonor and Wrath, for their Sin, to the Praise of his glorious Justice.” The other conception, that the idea of Grace excludes every individual will and every cause but the One, that it is sinful even to question why man suffers, finds an expression in one of the most powerful poems known to world history, a poem that came into being in the midst of the Arabian pre-Culture and is in inward grandeur unparalleled by any product of that Culture itself — the Book of Job.25 It is not Job, but his friends who look for a sin as the cause of his troubles. They — like the bulk of mankind in this and every other Culture, present day readers and critics of the work, therefore, included — lack the metaphysical depth to get near the ultimate meaning of suffering within the world cavern. Only the Hero himself fights through the fulfillment, to pure Islam, and he becomes thereby the only possible figure of tragedy that Magian feeling can set up by the side of our Faust.26 Spengeler expands Abrahamism to include its source, in Zaroatronaism and to include other versions and tribes, calling it the Magian spiritual family or culture. Abrahamism did not begin spemntneously, but was adapted from the Persian Zaroastronaism. I always said that Nihilsim was not inveted by men, it emerges sponeaneously as a defensive emchansim as our species begins to become increasingly self-cosnciuos - triggering feelnigs of vulnerabiltyi and insecurity. Its a coping mechanism that developes inot dogmas, or memes, with their own iamgery and symbols. Just as Christianity emerged when Judaism came in contact with Hellenism, so too did Judaism emerge when Semitic tribes came in contact with Persians - adopting and adapting the Indo-European reaction to self-consciousness to Afro-Asiatic tribal spirituality and tribal beliefs. The waking consciousness of every Culture allows of two ways of inwardness, that in which contemplative feeling spreads into understanding, and that in which the reverse takes place. The Magian contemplation is called by Spinoza “intellectual love of God,” and by his Sufist contemporaries in Asia “extinction in God” (mahw); it may be intensified to the Magian ecstasy that was vouchsafed to Plotinus several times, and to his pupil Porphyry once in old age. The other side,, the rabbinical dialectic, appears in Spinoza as geometrical method and in the Arabian-Jewish “Late” philosophy in general as Kalaam, Both, however, rest upon the fact that in Magian there is no individual ego, but a single Pneuma present simultaneously in each and all of the elect, which is likewise Truth. It cannot be too strongly emphasized that the resultant root idea of the ijma is much more than a concept or notion, that it can be a lived experience of even overwhelming force, and that all community of the Magian kind rests upon it and, as doing so, is removed from community in any other Culture. “The mystic Community of Islam extends from the here into the beyond; it reaches beyond the grave, in that it comprises the dead Moslems of earlier generations, nay, even the righteous of the times before Islam. The Moslem feels himself bound up in one unity with them all. They help him, and he, too, can in turn increase their beatitude by the application of his own merit.”27 The same, precisely, was what the Christians and the Syncretists of the Pseudomorphosis meant when they used the words Polis and Civitas — these words, which had formerly implied a sum of bodies, now denoted a consensus of fellow believers. Augustine’s famous Civitas Dei was neither a Classical Polis nor a Western Church, but a unity of believers, blessed, and angels, exactly as were the communes of Mithras, of Islam, of Manichaeism, and of Persia. As the community was based upon consensus, it was in spiritual things infallible. “My people,” said Mohammed, “can never agree in an error,” and the same is premised in Augustine’s State of God. With him there was not and could not be any question of an infallible Papal ego or of any other sort of authority to settle dogmatic truths; that would completely destroy the Magian concept of the Consensus. And the same applied in this Culture generally — not only to dogma, but also to law and to the State. The Islamic community, like that of Porphyry and that of Augustine, embraces the whole of the world cavern, the here and the beyond, the orthodox and the good angels and spirits, and within this community the State only formed a smaller unit of the visible side, a unit, therefore, of which the operations were governed by the major whole. In the Magian world, consequently, the separation of politics and religion is theoretically impossible and nonsensical, whereas in the Faustian Culture the battle of Church and State is inherent in the very conceptions — logical, necessary, unending. In the Magian, civil and ecclesiastical law are simply identical. Side by side with the Emperor of Constantinople stood the Patriarch, by the Shah was the Zarathustratema, by the Exilarch the Gaon, by the Caliph the Sheikh-ul-Islam, at once superiors and subjects. There is not in this the slightest affinity to the Gothic relation of Emperor and Pope; equally, all such ideas were alien to the Classical world. In the constitution of Diocletian this Magian embedding of the State in the community of the faithful was for the first time actualized, and by Constantine it was carried into full effect. It has been shown already that State, Church, and Nation formed a spiritual unit — namely, that part of the orthodox consensus which manifested itself in the living man. And hence for the Emperor, as ruler of the Faithful — that is, of that portion of the Magian community which God had entrusted to him — it was a self-evident duty to conduct the Councils so as to bring about the consensus of the elect. According to the Yasna the Avesta was sent down from heaven, and according to the Talmud Moses received the Torah volume by volume from God. A Magian revelation is a mystical process in which the eternal and unformed word of God — or the Godhead as Word — enters into a man in order to assume through him the manifest, sensible form of sounds and especially of letters. “Koran” means “reading.” Mohammed in a vision saw in the heaven treasured rolls of scripture that he (although he had never learned how to read) was able to decipher “in the name of the Lord.”32 This is a form of revelation that in the Magian Culture is the rule and in other Cultures is not even the exception,33 but it was only from the time of Cyrus that it began to take shape. The old Israelitish prophets, and no doubt Zarathustra also, see and hear in ecstasy things that afterwards they spread abroad. The Deuteronomic code (621) was given out as having been “found in the Temple,” which meant that it was to be taken as the wisdom of the Father. The first (and a very deliberate) example of a “Koran” is the book of Ezekiel, which the author received in a thought out vision from God and “swallowed” (iii, 1-3). Here, expressed in the crudest imaginable form, is the basis on which later the idea and shape of all apocalyptic writing was founded. But by degrees this substantial form of reception came to be one of the requisites for any book to be canonical. It was in post-Exilic times that the idea arose of the Tables of the Law received by Moses on Sinai; later such an origin came to be assumed for the whole Torah, and about the Maccabean period for the bulk of the Old Testament. From the Council of Jabna (about 90 B.C.) the whole word was regarded as inspired and delivered in the most literal sense. But the same evolution took place in the Persian religion up to the sanctification of the Avesta in the third century, and the same idea of a literal delivery appears in the second vision of Hermas, in the Apocalypses, and in the Chaldean and Gnostic and Mandaean writings; lastly, it underlies, as a tacit natural basis, all the ideas that the Neo-Pythagoreans and the Neo-Platonists formed of the writings of their old masters. “Canon” is the technical expression for the totality of writings that are accepted by a religion as delivered. It was as canons in this sense that the Hermetic collection and the corpus of Chaldean oracles came into being from 200 — the latter a sacred book of the Neoplatonists which alone was admitted by Proclus, the “Father” of this Church, to stand with Plato’s Timaus. Originally, the young Jesus religion, like Jesus himself, recognized the Jewish canon. The first Gospels set up no sort of claim to be the Word made visible. The John Gospel is the first Christian writing of which the evident purpose is that of a Koran, and its unknown author is the originator of the idea that there could be and must be a Christian Koran. The grave and difficult decision whether the new religion should break with that which Jesus had believed in clothed itself of deep necessity in the question whether the Jewish scriptures might still be regarded as incarnations of the one truth. means known to the young Magian art, and the appearance again and again of new scripts which, in the eyes of their users, alone possessed the power of capturing the truth sent down. The oral teachings.”35 The Talmud, then, in the form in which it is generally accessible, contains only a part of the religious material, and it is the same with Christian texts of the early period. It has often been observed36 that Mark speaks of the Visitation and of the Resurrection only in hints, and that John only touches upon the doctrine of the Paraclete and omits the institution of the Lord’s Supper entirely. The initiates understood what was meant, and the unbeliever ought not to know it. Later there was a whole “secret discipline” which bound Christians to observe silence in the presence of unbelievers concerning the baptismal confession and other matters. With the Chaldeans, Neo-pythagoreans, Cynics, Gnostics, and especially the sects from Jewish to Islamic, this tendency went to such lengths that the greater part of their secret doctrines is unknown to us. Concerning the Word thus preserved only in the minds there was a consensus of silence, the more so as each believer was certain that the other “knew.” We ourselves, as it is upon the most important things that we are most emphatic and forthright, run the risk of misinterpreting Magian doctrines through taking the part that was expressed for the whole that existed, and the profane literal meaning of words for their real significance. Gothic Christianity had no secrets and hence it doubly mistrusted the Talmud, which it rightly regarded as being only the foreground of Jewish doctrine. With such researches to build upon, it will become possible in the future to write a history of the Magian group of religions. It forms an inseparable unit of spirit and evolution, and let no one imagine that any individual one of them can be really comprehended without reference to the rest. Their birth, unfolding, and inward confirmation occupy the period 0-500. It corresponds exactly to the rise of the Western religion from the Cluniac movement to the Reformation. A mutual give and take, a confusingly rich blossoming, ripening, transformation — overlayings, migrations, adaptations, rejections — fill these centuries, without any sort of dependence of one system upon the being demonstrable. But only the forms and the structures change; in the depths it is one and the same spirituality, and in all the languages of this world of religions it is always itself that it brings to expression. In the wide realm of old Babylonian fellahdom young peoples lived. There everything was making ready. The first premonitions of the future awoke about 700 B.C. in the prophetic religions of the Persians, Jews, and Chaldeans. An image of creation of the same kind that later was to be the preface of the Torah showed itself in clear outlines, and with that an orientation, a direction, a goal of desire, was set. Something was descried in the far future, indefinitely and darkly still, but with a profound certainty that it would come. From that time on men lived with the vision of this, with the feeling of a mission. The second wave swelled up steeply in the Apocalyptic currents after 300. Here it was the Magian waking consciousness that arose and built itself a metaphysic of Last Things, based already upon the prime symbol of the coming Culture, the Cavern. Ideas of an awful End of the World, of the Last Judgment, of Resurrection, Paradise, and Hell, and with them the grand thought of a process of salvation in which earth’s destiny and man’s were one, burst forth everywhere — we cannot say what land or people it was that created them — mantled in wondrous scenes and figures and names. The Messiah figure presents itself, complete at one stroke. Satan’s temptation of the Saviour41 is told as a tale. But simultaneously there welled up a deep and ever increasing fear before this certainty of an implacable — and imminent — limit of all happening, before the moment in which there would be only Past. Magian Time, the “hour,” directedness under the Cavern, imparted a new pulse to life and a new import to the word “Destiny.” Man’s attitude before the Deity suddenly became completely different. In the dedicatory inscription of the great basilica of Palmyra (which was long thought to be Christian) Baal was called the good, the compassionate, the mild; and this feeling penetrated, with the worship of Rahman, right to southern Arabia. It fills the psalms of the Chaldeans and the teachings about the God sent Zarathustra that took the place of his teachings. And it stirred the Jewry of Maccabean time — most of the psalms were written then — and all the other communities, long forgotten now, that lay between the Classical and the Indian worlds. The third upheaval came in the time of Caesar and brought to birth the great religions of Salvation. And with this the Culture rose to bright day, and what followed continuously throughout one or two centuries was an intensity of religious experience, both unsurpassable and at long last unbearable. Such a tension bordering upon the breaking point the Gothic, the Vedic, and every other Culture soul has known, once and once only, in its young morning. Now arose in the Persian, the Mandaean, the Jewish, the Christian, circles of belief, and in that of the Western Pseudomorphosis as well — just as in the Indian, the Classical, and the Western ages of Chivalry — the Grand Myth. In this Arabian Culture religious and national heroism are no more distinctly separable than nation, church, and state, or sacred and secular law. The prophet merges with the fighter, and the story of a great Sufferer rises to the rank of a national epic. The powers of light and darkness, fabulous beings, angels and devils, Satan and the good spirits wrestle together; all nature is a battleground from the beginning of the world to its annihilation. Down below in the world of mankind are enacted the adventures and sufferings of the heralds, the heroes, and the martyrs of religion. Every nation, in the sense of the word attaching to this Culture, possessed its heroic saga. In the East the life of the Persian prophet inspired an epic poetry of grand outlines. At his birth the Zarathustra laughter pealed through the heavens, and all nature echoed it. In the West the suffering of Jesus, ever broadening and developing, became the veritable epic of the Christian nation, and by its side there grew up a chain of legends of his childhood which in the end fructified a whole genre of poetry. The figure of the Mother of God and the deeds of the Apostles became, like the stories of the Western Crusade heroes, the center of extended romances (Acts of Thomas, Pseudo- Clementines) which in the second century, sprang up everywhere from the Nile to the Tigris. In the Jewish Haggada and in the Targums is brought together a rich measure of legends about Saul, David, the Patriarchs, and the great Tannaim, like Schuda and Akiba,42 and the insatiable fancy of the age seized also upon what it could reach of the Late Classical cult legends and founder stories (lives of Pythagoras, Hermes, Apollonius of Tyana). With the end of the second century the sounds of this exaltation die away. The flowering of epic poetry is past, and the mystical penetration and dogmatic analysis of the religious material begin. The doctrines of the new Churches are brought into theological systems. Heroism yields to Scholastism, poetry to thought, the seer and seeker to the priest. The early Scholasticism which ends about 200 (as the Western about 1200) comprises the whole Gnosis — in the very broadest sense, the great Contemplation — the author of the John Gospel, Valentinus, Bardesanes, and Marcion, the Apologists and the early Fathers, up to Irenaeus and Tertullian, the last Tannaim up to Rabbi Jehuda, the completer of the Mishna, the Neo-pythagoreans and Hermetics of Alexandria. All this corresponds with, in the West, the School of Chartres, Anselm, Joachim of Floris, Bernard of Clairvaux, Hugo de St. Victor. Full Scholasticism begins with Neoplatonism, with Clement and Origen, the first Amoraim, and the creators of the newer Avesta under Ardeshir (226-241) and Sapor I, the Mazdaist high priest Tanvasar above all. Simultaneously a higher religiousness begins to separate from the peasant’s piety of the countryside, which still lingered in the apocalyptic disposition, and thenceforth maintained itself almost unaltered under various names right into the fellahdom of the Turkish age, while in the urban and more intellectual upper world the Persian, Jewish, and Christian community was absorbed by that of Islam. Slowly and steadily now the great Churches moved to fulfillment. It had been decided — the most important religious result of the second century — that the outcome of the teaching of Jesus was not to be a transformation of Judaism, but a new Church, which took its way westward while Judaism, without loss of inward strength, turned itself to the East. To the third century belong the great mental structures of theology. A modus vivendi with historical actuality had been reached, the end of the world had receded into the distance, and a new dogmatic grew up to explain the new world picture. The arrival of mature Scholasticism presupposes faith in the duration of the doctrines that it sets itself to establish. Viewing the results of their efforts, we find that the Aramaean motherland developed its forms in three directions. In the East, out of the Zoroastrian religion of Achasmenid times and the remains of its sacred literature, there formed itself the Mazdaist Church, with a strict hierarchy and laborious ritual, with sacraments, mass, and confession (patet). As mentioned above, Tanvasar made a beginning with the collection and ordering of the new Avesta; under Sapor I (as contemporaneously in the Talmud) the profane texts of medicine, law, and astronomy were added; and the rounding off was the work of the Church magnate Mahraspand under Sapor II (309-379). The immediate accretion of a commentary in Pehlevi was only what was to be expected in the Magian Culture. The new Avesta, like the Jewish and the Christian Bibles, was a canon of separate writings, and we learn that amongst the Nasks (originally twenty-one) now lost there was a gospel of Zarathustra, the conversion story of Vishtaspa, a Genesis, a law book, and a genealogical book with trees from the Creation to the Persian kings, while the Vendidad, which Geldner calls the Leviticus of the Persians, was — most significantly — preserved complete. A new religious founder appeared in 242, in the reign of Sapor I. This was Mani, who, rejecting “redeemerless” Judaism and Hellenism, knit together the whole mass of Magian religions in one of the most powerful theological creations of all times — for which in 276 the Mazdaist priesthood crucified him. Equipped by his father (who quite late in life abandoned his family to enter a Mandaean order) with all the knowledge of the period, he unified the basic ideas of the Chaldeans and Persians with those of Johannine, Eastern, Christianity — a task which had been attempted before in the Christian-Persian Gnosis of Bardesanes, but without any idea of founding a new church.43 He conceived of the mystical figures of the Johannine Logos (for him identical with the Persian Vohu Mano), the Zarathustra of the Avesta legends, and the Buddha of the late texts as divine Emanations, and himself he proclaimed to be the Paraclete of the John Gospel and the Saoshyant of the Persians. As we now know, thanks to the Turfan discoveries which included parts of Mani’s works (till then completely lost), the Church language of the Mazdaists, Manichaeans, and Nestorians was — independently of the current languages — Pehlevi. In the West the two cult churches developed (in Greek44) a theology that was not only cognate with this, but to a great extent identical with it. In the time of Mani began the theological fusion of the Aramaean-Chaldean sun religion and the Aramaean-Persian Mithras cult into one system, whose first great “Father” was Iamblichus (c. 300) — the contemporary of Athanasius, but also of Diocletian, the Emperor who in 295 made Mithras the God of a henotheistic State religion. Spiritually, at any rate, its priests were in nowise distinguishable from those of Christianity. Proclus (he, too, a true “Father”) received in dreams elucidations of a difficult text passage; to him the Timaeus and the Chaldean oracles were canonical, and he would gladly have seen all other writings of the philosophers destroyed. His hymns, tokens of the lacerations of a true eremite, implore Helios and other helpers to protect him against evil spirits. Hierocles wrote a moral breviary for the believers of the Neo-pythagorean community, which it needs a keen eye to distinguish from Christian work. Bishop Synesius was a prince prelate of Neoplatonism before becoming one of Christianity — and the change did not involve an act of conversion; he kept his theology and only altered its names. It was possible for the Neoplatonist Asclepiades to write a great work on the likeness of all theologies. We possess Pagan gospels and hagiologies as well as Christian. Apollonius wrote the life of Pythagoras, Marinus that of Proclus, Damascius that of Isidore; and there is not the slightest difference between these works, which begin and end with prayers, and the Christian Acts of the Martyrs. Porphyry describes faith, love, hope, and truth as the four divine elements. Between these Churches of the East and the West we see, looking south from Edessa, the Talmudic Church (the “Synagogue”) with Aramaic as its written language. Against these great and firm foundations Jewish-Christians (such as Ebionites and Elkazites), Mandaeans, and likewise Chaldeans (unless we regard Manichaeism as a reconstruction of that religion) were unable to hold their own. Breaking down into numberless sects, they either faded out in the shadow of the great Churches or were absorbed in their structure as the last Marcionites and Montanists were absorbed into Manichaeism. By about 300, outside the Pagan, Christian, Persian, Jewish, and Manichaean Churches no important Magian religions remained in being. Spengler weaves a Magian tapestry that makes the surviving triad's - Judaism, Christianity & Islam - intertwining clear. Subject: Re: Abrahamism Thu May 30, 2019 7:26 pm I'm reading Spengler for the first time and I'm coming across gems. Spengler, Orro wrote: Islam, therefore, is to be regarded as the Puritanism of the whole group of Early Magian religions, emerging as a religion only formally new, and in the domain of the Southern Church and Talmudic Judaism. It is this deeper significance, and not merely the force of its warlike onslaught, that gives the key to its fabulous successes. Subject: Re: Abrahamism Fri May 31, 2019 1:33 pm Was Zarathustra, as Nietzsche portrayed him, the embodiment of the Magian Messianic figure; a tragic/comedic figure that all men could relate to, from behind the subjective prism of their own private woes and blunders, facing an indifferent world? He was certainly so in the Abrahamic triad canons. A 'romantic figure' destined to fail, though he, at first gathered the lost and the desperate; the leper and the cripple; the child and the mother. Another out-of-touch caricature - like Don Quixote - comes to mind, battling monsters in his own mind, for the noble cause of saving his love, for a woman that cared not. Dostoevsky's 'Prince Myshkin,' in 'The Idiot,' is another. We can only imagine Jesus, as Spengler also describes him, as being such an 'idiot', living in his own private reality, moving within a different realm, unable to comprehend why he was being laughed at, and eventually crucified; unable to understand what threat he posed, not to Rome but to the Pharisees; unable to comprehend why they refused what he offered, with such benevolent innocence. Who could refuse such wealth and love? He just did not get-it. He became a 'hero' all children could be inspired by, before adulthood set in, with its cruel pragmatic reality-checks; a gullible clown they liked to be around. Messianic figures are unheard of in Aryan spirituality. There is nothing to redeem when all are a manifestation of their past, and responsible for their every choice; when all participate in their own fate. Nature's indifference finds no call to 'escape it' through delusion, only one to endure and surpass, as much as possible, what you've inherited; there is no escape in mental fabrications, and linguistics - logos was not the word of divinity, no secret code exposing god's mind, but a human word referring to speech, reason, and causality. The Messiah is always doomed to fail...unless a clever prophet, like Paul, intervenes to corrupt his message, by making it more pragmatic; more digestible by the masses - like an icon needs a good agent to sell a fabricated extraordinary image of him, to needy minds; one gifted in the 'magical' arts of spin-doctoring.. It was, and is, inevitable that Zarathustra returns to his mountain cave, when he realizes the 'people' are not ready for his message - because they never will be, and can never be, and he was a fool who isolated himself from their midst, losing all contact with what life, as these people represented it, truly is. Madness is a kind of detachment from reality, and only a madman would think he was a redeemer of men, and a representative of the absolute. Words have the quality of being flexible to nuanced corruptions, that slightly modify their relationship to what they originally referred to - the process is so subtle that it goes unnoticed, until the mind loses all contact with reality and begins living inside itself; surrounded by ghosts, and those who share in similar wounds, requiring care and comforting. Isn't that how cults begin? This process can be aided by a traumatic experience, triggering the brain's defensive role, sending consciousness into a self-induced state of isolation. I've described this in relation to gazelles being eaten alive by lions - they stop struggling, after a while, as the pride gathers and begins ripping flesh from its body - a serenity falls over them....like the one witnessed in Church gatherings. I've seen it in documentaries, and in real life. Visit a hospital's palliative ward - under the narcotics, there's a serenity about the death process. Subject: Re: Abrahamism Mon Jun 03, 2019 9:10 pm de Benoist, Alain wrote: Judeo-Christian monotheism developed a negative anthropology because it is a negative religion. An anti-religion Subject: Re: Abrahamism Wed Jun 05, 2019 6:34 pm But, verily, I say unto you, that God has not died. We've cut him into pieces, each secreted away in the pocket of men, holding unto it as a holy sacrament. Now we walk the earth, our gaze held high with a part of the one-god, as if we know him - each one of us a representation of the whole, when only a piece we hold and hide in the privacy of our mind. He has not died, for no idea is ever dead, if one man saves salvation in their head - inflating it into a god-head. He has died as a tangible god, and risen, cleansed and rejuvenated by death; sanctified to walk the earth as pure idea. We now consume him, piece by piece, taking him into ourselves, so that no man could ever kill him ever again. Was not Zarathustra destined to fail, the moment he came out of his cave, and descended down the mountain? Had he not already suffered defeat when he thought himself ready to bring his message to the people? Was he not the harbinger of god's reincarnation when he declared him prematurely dead, as they did the Messiah? Who has the blade that can cut through a thought; to slice through an idea? Who can murder what has never lived, but only thought it did, feeling guilt where none is warranted? Did not Socrates regret seeding the minds of Athenian youths with ideas that would turn them into tyrants? The premature demise of god, was such a seminal event, worthy of regret - for when all was lost men declared themselves gods, and floated above the ground, their heads in the clouds, making a spectacle of themselves. What could be worse than death, if not insanity; what is worse than the loss of life, if not the loss of dignity? No, god is not dead....he's reborn into a million tiny pieces - ornamentally collected by the lost; a token of their 'self-discovery'. He is resurrected and baptised, bearing a million different names - each man has made himself a godfather. Subject: Re: Abrahamism Fri Jun 07, 2019 10:18 am The natural defensive impulse of the Magian Abrahamic was to ridicule the concept of the 'superman'. We see this clearly in the comic-book depictions of Superman. Originally a 'villain', sold as propaganda to mostly young boys of European decent. Then the strategy morphed, acquiring a more insidious, esoteric, methodology. The lessons passed on are evident. This is what I wrote years ago on the topic - I think I posted it in the thread [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] Satyr wrote: Jerome ‘Jerry’, Siegel and Joe, Shuster are the two Jews who invented the character of Superman. The name is an anglicised version of the German Übermensch. Is it shocking to discover how the original Jew conception was of a villain? An indirect assault against Nietzschean and subsequently Nazi conceptions of their idealized ‘supermen’. To make it more marketable to an American public of mostly young, boys, of European ancestry, they changed his moral alignment into a ‘good guy’, but made him a protector of all the slavish, Judeo-Christian, herd-moralities their kind depends upon to remain relevant. [ Vids: Scenes – Superman] Another one of those comic-book productions with the same message: if you have extraordinary qualities, you must surrender them to the service of the mediocre. Remember The Matrix? Those ‘awakened ones’ had to risk their lives, their newly acquired freedom in order to save the still slumbering sleepers, some of which refuse to wake-up, for no apparent reason. The morality is so ingrained in the majority that it is logical, in harmony with their world-view – it has become ingrained in their psyche, requiring no justifications. Batman resists the Joker's taunts. He serves the people – the very ones that would condemn him to jail if they were given the opportunity. In this case the lie is reversed. His real face is Batman, his mask is Bruce Wayne. Same thing applies for Clark Kent and his alter ego, Superman. He must wear his real face, glasses excluded, when he is himself, because the inferior ones will not forgive him his incredible advantages. He remains enslaved by their weaknesses. He is powerful only in comparison; only around a yellow sun, on earth, does he have extraordinary abilities; only in comparison to the earthlings, the average, the base is he Superman. When confronted by his own kind, those not indoctrinated in Modern American moralities, those living amongst the stars, he is ordinary... weak, because of his moral constraints. He tolerated bullying as a child, when he could smash their heads without ever displaying anything supernatural about himself. But the movie producers will not have it – nothing hierarchical, that is not socioeconomically founded, is permitted expression. The message must be preserved and repeated: the superior must lower himself, degrade himself, and contain his advantages, permitting mediocrity the self-aggrandizing delusion of parity. Political-correctness must be maintained and enhanced, so that continuously decreasing averages can be sheltered from reality. This self-constraint, this shameless humility, is his penance for being extraordinary, i.e., an alien, if not a mutant. In one of the fight scenes with the female (Faora) from Crypton (Greek for ‘hidden’ – an allusion to the Spartan practice where, the story goes, youths were tested by releasing them into the wild, to survive using their wits, and where they were expected to soil their hands, for the first time, with the blood of a helot) Superman's moralistic weakness is revealed as ‘green’ envy; he is made weak before the guilt of producing envy in others. Faora: You’re weak, son of El; unsure of yourself. The fact [Beating up Cal-El] that you have a sense of morality and we do not gives us an Evolutionary Advantage. And if there's one thing that History teaches us it's that Evolution always wins. Faora is a despicable version of a female warrior, presented as an ideal to the average man-child. A warrior princess: both attractive and strong; feminine, i.e., sexy and attractive, and masculine, i.e., strong, unyielding, unforgiving. The producers neglect to mention that all have morals, and that Superman's just happen to be slavish, herd, Judeo-Christian, in nature. And of course, the movie ends with her defeat, because feminism cannot stand in the way of power, though it comes in a female form. How else could it have ended? How else could it have been permitted to end? Evolution loses. Human delusion and manmade artifices win. His true father is portrayed as an Ionian, confronted by the Dorian Zod. Jor-El: What are you doing Zod? This is madness. Zod: What I should have done years ago. These law makers with their endless debates have led Krypton to ruin. Jor-El: And if your forces prevail you’ll be the leader of nothing. Zod: Then join me. Help me save out race. We’ll start anew. We’ll sever the degenerate bloodlines that led us to this state. Jor-El: And who will decide which bloodlines survive, Zod? You? Zod: Don’t do this El. The last thing I want is for us to be enemies. Jor-El: You’ve abandoned the principles that held us together; you’ve taken up the sword against your own people. I will honor the man you once were, Zod, not this monster you’ve become. A dilemma that is supposed to cause doubt: who will be in charge after we get rid of this decay; who shall be crowned king? The dilemma is resolved in a stalemate. If Jar-El cannot guarantee that his bloodline will pass-on, through Zod's cleansing, then nobody's bloodlines will be permitted to pass-on. Jar-El agrees with Zod, but he has a secret, plan. He is a hypocrite. He has already increased his own bloodline's survival using clandestine means, and so will never become second to Zod and his clan. Jar-El is a hypocrite. He abandons his ‘together’ to decay, prefers their demise rather than siding with a man he agrees with but cannot accept his rule, having already made plans to preserve his own bloodline, in secret. Does this sound familiar? Sounds like the Old Testament. A repetition of the ‘madness’ accusation, reminiscent of that other anti-Doric film 300. Sparta, in that case was described by the Persian emissary as ‘mad’ for having rejected the Persian king’s offer. Here Jar-El repeats the accusation, reinforcing it as one applicable to the Doric world-view. The question hovers in the air between them, and between the screen and the audience: "Who will decide which bloodlines survive?" And because no decision can be made (who would dare take the responsibility; who would dare expose his selfishness?), decay must be permitted to continue – if not communal survival, then communal suicide. Jor-El, as a representative of the decay, the one who made it possible and allowed it to reach its end, surrenders himself to the inevitable, unable to make a choice, to sacrifice to be brave, discriminating and selfish. He is caught in the Athenian verbosity of Socratic scepticism. No absolute can be decided upon so letting the course of time sweep man away is the only ‘moral’ thing to do. When he saves his son, it is for a greater good. He must veil his masculine masterly egotism in a slave's humble duplicity. Civilization must be preserved, by remaining loyal to shared bonding principles. Here, the Ionian plays on the Doric psychology. He wants him to stand-down, in submission to the law, or left with, as he says, ‘nothing’. The ‘no-thing’ implies that without the herd no man, no group of men has anything worth preserving – a manipulation of social instincts and an allusion to a more-is-more anti-Doric perspective. Zod is left with ‘nothing’, only within the value judgements of Jor-El. The only acceptable morality being that "we either ascend together or descend as one". Because this together is what causes the descent to begin with; herd morality infused with its own inevitable decay. The many will, and must, overpower the one; quantity will destroy or imprison or degrade quality; all will be offered love, respect, compassion, and the rights all men are given by Divine providence, propagating unfit mutations that weaken the whole and lead it to its demise. Superman is a contradiction. He lives because his own father had to moralize, his egotistical selfish choice. He had to make it ‘profound’, by connecting it to some ‘higher ideal’, with no substance; he had to dehumanize it. The moralistic infection is clever, insidious, and duplicitous. Life (survival) takes second place to its irresistible imperative –like Abraham with the knife at his son's throat. Before the authority of a divine calling, a shared code, nothing can stand, viz., neither civilization, nor honesty, nor consciousness, nor nobility; not even blood. The mindless audience sits there, eyes wide, sucking-in this often repeated message. They enjoy the explosions, the special effects, the sound quality, knowing that all will turn out well in the end; in the meantime being inculcated with a comforting, self-serving (selfish) message of duplicitous selflessness. They exit the theatre feeling lighter: evil will not win, their secret is safe. Nested within shared lies; what matters is indiscriminate togetherness. Not even a Superman, from an alien planet, can escape the gravity of that emotional Black Hole. The current version of Superman is a messianic wet-dream. An alien – not a human mind you – unites mankind. He does not conquer, lead, nor take advantage of his superiority; he dedicates it to serving the weak. Moses in tights. Of course the typical modern mediocre mind - perhaps affected by the propaganda - can only approach the concept of an 'overman' as a threat on their preferred herd-psychology. Like many concepts most have come in contact with through Nietzsche prose - leaving much room for all kinds of interpretations - the idea of an overman has been defined in Nazi terms - a master of mankind, lording over us all. The idea is about overcoming man by overcoming species survival obsessions, or the paradox of being the manifestation of what subsequently leads to an inevitable end. Like everything aphoristic and vague, it allows the mind of the mediocre to go wild with speculative projections. Hitler chose to define it in terms of his political agenda - his master/slave hierarchies - in agreement with natural order. This triggered the herd instincts of the majority, who idealized equality - artificial parity produced by eugenics and social engineering, not called 'eugenics' but renamed to a more vague concept, i.e., 'nurturing'. Their duplicity covered in the vagueness - obscurantism synthesizing the disharmonious; the symbol standing in-between and in the way, as if it were clarifying and revealing when it is concealing the dissonance it encompasses - occultism. The word/symbol, in Nihilism, becomes a semiotic concealment, i.e., semiotics. It stands before the subjective mind, and the objective, indifferent world. A glass, with the side facing reality blackened, converting it to a mirror - reality is 'evil', nature is 'dark'...all light comes form the inside, outward - projection of godliness, the absent absolute is exposed as a 'human, all too human', abstraction. Such minds see themselves reflected back to them - sometimes the glass is intentionally warped to give a selectively warped perception of self - like the ones found in amusement parks and [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]. This reminds me the Joker - [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.] Subject: Re: Abrahamism Mon Jun 10, 2019 7:43 am The Abrahamic influence behind determinism becomes fairly obvious when you consider the parallels with God foreknowing - and forebidding. But, Abrahamism is this upside down, out of this, world, where free will becomes a 'granted' thing; said to exist. Where previously in 'Pagan' religions one was a nexus of all their own power, and shamans appealing to Gods are only like self-crumbling dams, holding back and letting forth, Abrahamism has the nexus as God. 'Alpha and Omega'. All the elements of the Magian metaphysic are to be found in Spinoza, hard as he tried to replace the Arabian-Jewish conceptual world of his Spanish masters (and above all Moses Maimonides) by the Western of early Baroque. The individual human mind is for him not an ego, but only a mode of the one divine attribute, the “cogitatio” — which is just the Pneuma. He protests against notions like “God’s Will.” His God is pure substance and in lieu of the dynamic causality of the Faustian universe he discovers simply the logic of the divine cogitatio. All this is already in Porphyry, in the Talmud, in Islam; and to Faustian thinkers like Leibniz and Goethe it is as alien as anything can possibly be. (Allgem. Gesch. d. Pbilos. in Kultur der Gegenwart, I, v, p. 484, Windelband.) It is the Magian spirit - i.e., Abrahamic - that seeks to hide motive in the 'object', allowing the subject its 'purity'. Triangulation is what judgement is - all values and value-judgements, being a product of a triangular relationship between subject/object/objective. The objective can be replaced by a standard of measurement, agaisnt which the relationship subject/object is revealed. Without a triangulation there is no judgement. Magian spirit wants to hide its judgement, revealing motive, by projecting the subject's objective - i.e., ideal/ideology - within the object, renaming it divine as part of a pretentious justification. Subject: Re: Abrahamism Thu Jun 13, 2019 6:47 am e.g., the Aryan spirit knows not about salvation and of a world - cosmos - requiring redemption. This is a purely Magian, i.e., Abrahamic psychosis, expressing a distaste for a world it may profess to affirm. The Abrahamic secretly wants to escape a reality that terrifies him/her with its uncertainty. He projects into world his motive, and then declares it to be a universal intrinsic quality - sanctifying it by detaching it from everything tangible, and empirical. The universe is now innately attuned to produce a Messiah, that will come to 'redeem him, the 'chosen' true believer, not everyone. But to hide his subjective motive he makes it a universal truth. Subject is purified as innocent - the world is the source and he is but a part of it - uniformity of guilt. Object - world - and the subject's objective - motive - merge. Similarly, the subject projects into inanimate matter his own conciousness and then declares it an intrinsic occult quality, thusly hiding his own culpability. Universe is declared conscious, alive, so as to hide the Abrahamic's motive through his projection - becoming communal to validate it. Motive is unloaded upon universe, to hide the culprit and his organic motives, i.e., base, animalistic - survival at all costs. Subject: Re: Abrahamism Sun Jun 23, 2019 8:21 am Abrahamism is the inheritor of Zoroastrianism. We can only assume that the Semites came in contact with it during their contact with the Persians, adopting and assimilating to their requirement their monotheism. Spengler referred to the Abrahamic trio, i.e., Judaism, and its two offshoots Christianity and Islam, as Magian, including their source, Zoroastrianism. Nietzsche adopted the Zoroastrian prophet Zarathustra as a literary vehicle representing the Messianic type – the one who ‘descends’ down to the masses to ‘save them’ from themselves, and who is subsequently rejected. A tale repeated in the New Testament, replacing Zarathustra with Jesus. Wikipedia wrote: Magi (/ˈmeɪdʒaɪ/; singular magus /ˈmeɪɡəs/; from Latin magus) denotes followers of Zoroastrianism or Zoroaster. The earliest known use of the word magi is in the trilingual inscription written by Darius the Great, known as the Behistun Inscription. Old Persian texts, predating the Hellenistic period, refer to a magus as a Zurvanic, and presumably Zoroastrian, priest. Pervasive throughout the Eastern Mediterranean and Western Asia until late antiquity and beyond, mágos was influenced by (and eventually displaced) Greek goēs (γόης), the older word for a practitioner of magic, to include astronomy/astrology, alchemy and other forms of esoteric knowledge. This association was in turn the product of the Hellenistic fascination for (Pseudo‑)Zoroaster, who was perceived by the Greeks to be the Chaldean founder of the Magi and inventor of both astrology and magic, a meaning that still survives in the modern-day words magic and magician. In Chapter 2 of the Gospel of Matthew, ‘μάγοι’ from the east do homage to the newborn Jesus, and the transliterated plural "magi" entered English from Latin in this context around 1200 (this particular use is also commonly rendered in English as ‘kings’ and more often in recent times as ‘wise men’). The singular ‘magus’ appears considerably later, when it was borrowed from Old French in the late 14th century with the meaning magician. The affinity of the magian spirit with 'magic' and magical forces, or miracles, is evident in the common ancestry. The Greek term is goēs (γόης), which literally translates as charmer, enchanter, usually used to refer to seductive males. The element of sexual seduction is its underlying pathos. Zoroastrianism, or Mazdayasna, is one of the world's oldest religions that remains active. It is a monotheistic faith (i.e. a single creator God), centered in a dualistic cosmology of good and evil and an eschatology predicting the ultimate destruction of evil. Ascribed to the teachings of the Iranian-speaking prophet Zoroaster (also known as Zarathustra), it exalts a deity of wisdom, Ahura Mazda (Wise Lord), as its Supreme Being. Major features of Zoroastrianism, such as messianism, judgment after death, heaven and hell, and free will may have influenced other religious systems, including Second Temple Judaism, Gnosticism, Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism. With possible roots dating back to the second millennium BCE, Zoroastrianism enters recorded history in the 5th century BCE. Along with a Mithraic Median prototype and a Zurvanist Sassanid successor, it served as the state religion of the pre-Islamic Iranian empires for more than a millennium, from around 600 BCE to 650 CE. Zoroastrianism was suppressed from the 7th century onwards following the Muslim conquest of Persia of 633–654. Recent estimates place the current number of Zoroastrians at around 190,000, with most living in India and in Iran; their number has been thought to be declining. However, in 2015, there were reports of up to 100,000 converts in Iraqi Kurdistan. Besides the Zoroastrian diaspora, the older Mithraic faith Yazdânism is still practised amongst Kurds. The most important texts of the religion are those of the Avesta, which includes the writings of Zoroaster known as the Gathas, enigmatic poems that define the religion's precepts, and the Yasna, the scripture. The full name by which Zoroaster addressed the deity is: Ahura, The Lord Creator, and Mazda, Supremely Wise. The religious philosophy of Zoroaster divided the early Iranian gods of Proto-Indo-Iranian tradition, but focused on responsibility, and did not create a devil per se. Zoroaster proclaimed that there is only one God, the singularly creative and sustaining force of the Universe, and that human beings are given a right of choice. Because of cause and effect, they are responsible for the consequences of their choices. The contesting force to Ahura Mazda was called Angra Mainyu, or angry spirit. Post-Zoroastrian scripture introduced the concept of Ahriman, the Devil, which was effectively a personification of Angra Mainyu. Zoroastrianism's creator Ahura Mazda, through the Spenta Mainyu (Good Spirit, ‘Bounteous Immortals’) is an all-good ‘father’ of Asha (Truth, ‘order, justice’), in opposition to Druj (‘falsehood, deceit’) and no evil originates from ‘him’. ‘He’ and his works are evident to humanity through the six primary Amesha Spentas and the host of other Yazatas, through whom worship of Mazda is ultimately directed. Spenta Mainyu adjoined unto ‘truth’, oppose the Spirit's opposite, Angra Mainyu and its forces born of Akəm Manah (‘evil thinking’). Zoroastrianism has no major theological divisions, though it is not uniform; modern-era influences having a significant impact on individual and local beliefs, practices, values and vocabulary, sometimes merging with tradition and in other cases displacing it. In Zoroastrianism, the purpose in life is to ‘be among those who renew the world... to make the world progress towards perfection’. Its basic maxims include: • Humata, Hukhta, Huvarshta, which mean: Good Thoughts, Good Words, Good Deeds. • There is only one path and that is the path of Truth. • Do the right thing because it is the right thing to do, and then all beneficial rewards will come to you also. The adoption and assimilation of Persian Zoroastrianism by Afro-Asiatic tribes - such as the Semites and Arabs – has helped them lay claim to Indo-European heritage. Through the linguistic magic of Zoroastrianism all become honorary Indo-Europeans and are reborn as ‘saved’ from their own heritage. The ‘magical act continues in a form of transmutation, as the alien tribes attempt to physically integrate with their host, so that all that remains of their ‘past’ is forgotten or assimilated into their religious nihilism. We can seek the origins of Zionism here, as well. Last edited by Satyr on Sun Jun 23, 2019 10:33 am; edited 1 time in total Zoroastrianism [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]...the 'true words of Zarathustra. Subject: Re: Abrahamism Tue Jul 02, 2019 11:27 am Fustel de Coulanges, Numa Denis wrote: The calendar was regulated neither on the course of the moon nor on the apparent course of the sun. It was governed solely by the laws of religion, mysterious laws, which the priests alone knew. Sometimes religion required that the year should be shortened, and at other times that it should be lengthened. We can form an idea of primitive calendars, if we recollect that among the Albans the month of May had twelve days, and that March had thirty-six. Subject: Re: Abrahamism Fri Jul 05, 2019 7:15 am Andrew Fraser in his book The WASP Question offers a less severe explanation for why Anglo-Saxons developed a culturally suicidal attitude when compared to Heisman's. From how each man treated this insight we can glean the level of their esoteric understanding. Heisman killed himself at the steps of his university, unable to bear the Nihilism, he had been exposed to – he justified his act by claiming that he has to remain true to his Judaic identity and embrace the void. Andrew, on the other hand, has a more a more 'optimistic' reaction, identifying the reasons with altruism, and so he still lives with the knowledge. I think the Biblical allegory can shed some light on the matter. As I've said countless times, the story of Jesus explains the essence of Nihilism, as it pertains to its first emergence as 'spirituality, becoming Religion, in the strictest sense of the word. The story of Jesus concludes with the 'hero' dying, in the service of his beliefs, contradicting his heritage, and then being reborn as pure spirit. The metaphorical transformation describes the death of the body – genetics – and the birth of the idea – memetics. Both could not coexist within the same organism, as this is clearly represented by Jesus' mixed race and mixed cultural identity - two incompatible world attitudes – represented by Hellenism, through the Romans, and Judaism, through the Semites cannot synthesize, therefore the body, Hellenism, must be sacrificed for the ideology to be reborn as eternal. What symbolically dies is the sequence of genes extending as memes, reborn as memes extending genetically – inversion is an indication of Nihilism. Top<>Down emoting, replaces Bottom<>Up reasoning. This rebirth is symbolized with a new name – what has died as a gene/meme identity, and what has been reborn is a meme with no genetic identity. We see this clearly in our modern identity crisis. How does this relate to Protestants? For this to be fully understood we must first accept the absence of absolutes. What we have here is a degree of self-abnegation. This is obvious in the fact that the body can be denied but it does not disappear. The idea cannot survive without an organic host. Nihilism acquires the strategy of parasitism. If we put this in historical contexts then we realize that Catholicism and Orthodoxy – as well as Judaism – have not entirely distanced themselves from their genetic roots – Both the Holy Roman Empire and Byzantium claimed to be continuations of the Roman Empire; they had not entirely abandoned their genetic roots, though they had diluted them and warped them beyond recognition, producing a monstrous antithesis – a mind/body dissonance that managed to survive through self-deceit and compartmentalization. The separation of mind/body cannot be total, because this leads to a quick end. So, the meme is cognitively isolated from the genetic body (brain) it infects creating a zombie-like entity characteristic of all Nihilistic variants. Catholicism, Orthodoxy, and Judaism, still retain a corrupted relationship with their genetic past. Protestantism, on the other hand, has gone a step further, and this is represented in their identity as 'protesters' of Rome's authority, ideologically distancing themselves further from their pagan ancestry, stretching their weak ties with their own genetic past. Protestantism ideologically 'purifies' (Puritans) itself by distancing itself from the last corrupted connections to their genetic history, by protesting these connections and adopting an anti-nature identity. This explains why Liberalism has become, for the Anglo-Saxons, their defining ideology – an extension of their Protest against the Vatican – and Byzantium – has evolved to be a protest against all remaining genetic connections to their genetic past – they want to be fully 'spirit', i.e., ideological entities, identified by 'freedom' – freedom from their physicality, their past. Clearly, when the Persians adopted Zoroastrianism they severed their ties to their Aryan past, making them vulnerable to Islam, as another form of Abrahamic Nihilism; Semites ceased to be Semites when they become Jews; the Arabs ceased to be Arabs when they converted to Islam; modern Greeks ceased to be Hellenes when they integrated Christianity into their identity. As it pertains to modern-Greeks, their identity has been inverted and corrupted by two incompatible memes – one of which, the most recent, modern, severs all ties with their genetic past. They are Greek in name-only. They've been 'reborn' as a purified meme, contradicting their genetic heritage, not extending and enhancing it. Yet, their association with Byzantium – Romans as they called themselves still retains an association to geography and to shared blood, which is absent in the Anglo-Saxons, who want to deny and distance themselves from their past, immersing themselves into a uniformity. Their shame has yet to find a way to become proud, as it has for the Jews. I think the reason for this is the connection of Catholics, Orthodox Greeks and Jews to an ancestral geographical area, retaining a tenuous connection to memes they've rejected but are still retained in a corrupted form. For example, Hellenic polytheism has converted to a multiplicity of saints, encompassed within the singularity of a one-God; ancient traditions, such as sacrificing goats to cleanse the city of 'evil spirits' are still performed by Modern Greek Christians in a corrupted form. They still feel an association within their compartmentalized psyche, just as a schizophrenic experiences – in moments of lucidity – a cohesive self. As peoples become increasingly ‘cosmopolitan’ – in the Modern sense – they will distance themselves from the earth, from their heritage, becoming increasingly more like the Anglo-Saxon Puritans, i.e., peoples with no past, no genetic identity, and no spirit – entirely ideological, memetic. This has become the Anglo-Saxon suicidal world-mission; a messianic mission where they do convert their historical shame into a new-age pride. Subject: Re: Abrahamism Sun Jul 07, 2019 7:54 am Heisman, Mitchell wrote: Marx is probably the most influential modern example of the famous (and infamous) Jewish proclivity for the left wing socialistic causes. His vision of a communist culmination of human history that resolves the contradictions of the capitalistic world by turning it upside down was nothing less than a nineteenth century updating of the primal archetype of the first revolution: the Mosaic inversion of the Egyptian pyramid-hierarchy. Marxism could thus be interpreted as a ‘secularization’ of a Biblically based, messianic Weltanschauung. The issue behind secularization concerns the origin of ‘modern’ values. If reason, in itself, cannot decide fundamental values then so-called ‘secular’ values cannot be fundamentally rational. The traditional idea of secularization, most strongly associated with Nietzsche, claimed that the modern idea of progress and its egalitarian values were residues of belief in God; Biblical values without Biblical faith. Modern egalitarianism and modern progress, in his view, were secularizations of Biblical values. And at the root of Biblical values was the slave morality that glorified Jewish national political failure. Suicide Note Subject: Re: Abrahamism Page 7 of 8 Go to page : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line293
__label__cc	0.509252	0.490748	Home › News › Best Alternatives to Apple’s Now-Canceled AirPower Best Alternatives to Apple’s Now-Canceled AirPower Apple on Friday made the unprecedented move of canceling work on the AirPower, the wireless charging mat that was supposed to charge the Apple Watch, iPhone, and AirPods all at once. There are already a number of AirPower-like alternative products on the market, and we’re likely going to be seeing additional replacements in the future. None of these accessories do exactly what the AirPower promised because there are dedicated spots to charge each device, but each option will charge more than one device at one time. 1. Nomad Base Station Apple Watch Edition ($139) – Nomad’s Apple Watch Base Station has an Apple Watch charging puck for charging the Apple Watch, along with a double coil Qi wireless charging pad. You can use the wireless charging pad to charge the iPhone horizontally, but if you put the iPhone vertically, it frees up a little spot for charging the AirPods, so all three devices charge at one time. We reviewed the Nomad Base Station and liked it quite a lot, though it is quite expensive. 2. Belkin Boost Up Wireless Charging Dock ($127) – This is another expensive dock, but it’s another that we reviewed and liked quite a lot. Belkin’s Boost Up Wireless Charging Dock has an upright charging space for wirelessly charging an iPhone and a space for the Apple Watch, but this isn’t a dock suitable for the AirPods. Still, it’s a good option for dual device charging. 3. SliceCharge 2 Wireless Charging Mat ($60) – The SliceCharge 2 has an Apple Watch charging puck in the middle and two wireless charging coils at the sides, so you can either charge two iPhones or an iPhone and an AirPods 2 Wireless Charging Case. It’s affordable, slim, and supports 7.5W wireless charging for the iPhone. 4. ZENS Dual + Watch Wireless Charger (99 euros) – The Dual + Watch Wireless Charger from European company ZENS is another option that we recently reviewed and were impressed with. It has a stand for charging an Apple Watch, along with a base that can wirelessly charge two iPhones at one time. It’s 99 euros which is pricy, but ZENS does ship worldwide. This dock is temporarily out of stock, but it’s coming back in May. 5. NytStnd AirPods Trio ($109) – The Nytstnd will charge your AirPods, Apple Watch, and iPhone all at once, but there’s a catch – there’s no wireless charging for AirPods. The Apple Watch charges via a standard Apple Watch charging puck (that you supply), while there’s a wireless charging pad for iPhone, a Lightning port for AirPods, and one extra Lighting port. On the plus side, you can charge all three items at once and there’s also an extra spot for storing keys or other odds and ends. You also don’t need the new AirPods 2 with Wireless Charging Case to use it. 6. Unravel Wireless Charger ($99) – This interesting little charger features three charging stations, one for AirPods, one for Apple Watch, and one for iPhone. You can lay them flat or roll them up in a configuration that works for you if you only need to charge two devices at once. We haven’t tried this, but it’s a neat design and the reviews look to be largely positive. Affordable AirPower Alternatives From Amazon If you go to Amazon and type in “AirPower” or “Wireless Charging Station” you’ll see a whole slew of cheap wireless chargers that promise to charge your Apple Watch, iPhone, and AirPods all at once. We haven’t tested any of these options and can’t verify whether they work, and at these price points, there’s no way they’re using Apple-certified components. Still, if you’re looking for an alternative to the AirPower that’s super affordable, these might be what you want. We’ll list some of the options that are getting better ratings below. Conido Wireless Charging Station ($42) – This charging station has an upright charger for the iPhone, an Apple Watch charging puck with stand, and a slot for charging the AirPods, but with Lightning instead of wirelessly. OLEBR Charging Stand ($39) – The OLEBR is similar to the Conido, but it uses Lightning for the iPhone and the AirPods while offering a charging puck for the Apple Watch. So this one isn’t wireless at all, but still charges multiple devices at once. MQOUNY Wireless Charger 3-in-1 ($39) – This stand is rather compact, offering an upright wireless charger for the iPhone, an Apple Watch charging puck, and above that, a holder for the AirPods that charges them over Lightning. Bestand 3-in-1 Wireless Charging Stand ($48) – This wireless charging stand has an upright wireless charger for the iPhone, a charging arm for the Apple Watch, and a Lightning connector for charging the AirPods. IBIS 9W Dual Wireless Fast Charging Station 3 ($40) – There’s no space for the Apple Watch on this one, but it will charge your iPhones and your AirPods with Wireless Charging Case. More Charging Options The iPhone and the AirPods Wireless Charging Case will work with any Qi-based wireless charger on the market, so there are an endless number of single device wireless chargers you can get as well. Have a favorite AirPower alternative that we didn’t list here? Let us know in the comments.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line301
__label__wiki	0.506928	0.506928	16.07.2019 ΕΛ Weather Warning (in greek) No Gale Warnings ÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎ£ Forecast Cities (Meteograms) Forecast Greek Cities Forecast European Cities Weather Forecast From Arithmetic Models Greece Weather Forecast Maximum Minimum Temperatures Satellite Simulated Image HNMS About HNMS ABOUT AGROMETEOROLOGY "Undoubtedly weather plays an important role in agricultural production. It has a profound influence on crop growth, development and yields; on the incidence of pests and diseases; on water needs; and on fertilizer requirements. Moreover, weather aberrations may cause physical damage to crops and soil erosion. The quality of crop produce during movement from field to storage and transport to market depends on weather. Bad weather may affect the quality of produce during transport, and the viability and vigour of seeds and planting material during storage. Rural proverbs abound in rules of thumb for anticipation of local weather and timing of agricultural operations in light of expected weather. Basu (1953) found no scientific basis for anticipation of weather in many of the popular proverbs and folklore. In a recent study, Banerjee et al. (2003) arrived at conclusions similar to that of Basu (1953). The proverbs and local lore show, however, that farmers have been keen to know in advance the likely weather situations for crop operations from time immemorial. Agronomic strategies to cope with changing weather are available. For example, delays in the start of crop season can be countered by using short-duration varieties of crops or thicker sowings. Once the crop season starts, however, the resources and technology get committed and the only option left then is to adopt crop-cultural practices to minimize the effects of mid-seasonal hazardous weather phenomena, while relying on advance notice of their occurrence. Thus, medium-range weather forecasts with a validity period that enables farmers to organize and carry out appropriate cultural operations to cope with, or take advantage of the forecasted weather are clearly useful. Of course, occurrences of erratic weather are beyond human control. It is possible, however, to adapt to or mitigate the effects of adverse weather if a forecast of the expected weather can be obtained in time. More than ever, agrometeorological services have become essential because of the challenges to many forms of agricultural production posed by increasing climate variability, associated extreme events and climate change. These challenges have repercussions in terms of socio-economic conditions in general, especially in developing countries. Views of 2050 reveal the possibilities and the risks that in a few years or decades should be expected to come in the agricultural sector, along with changes in the water balance, culture conditions and parasites. Thus for optimal productivity at a given location with the use of minimum resources, Î± Climate-based strategic agronomic planning is required." Source: Guide to Agricultural Meteorological Practices (GAMP) 2010 Edition (WMO-No.134) Updated in 2012 AGRICULTURE Agrometeorological bulletin Guidelines for plant protection Forecast maps Precipitation (24h) Temperature < 5oC Temperature > 25oC Wind 2m Leaf Area Index (LAI) Soil moisture Meteograms Long range forecast (under construction) Sunshine duration and evaporation data Drought bulletin Useful links agrometeo@hnms.gr © 2017-2019 HNMS HNDGS	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line309
__label__cc	0.536213	0.463787	Historical WARP and OFP by Nicholas Zettel July 21, 2017 Now that the trade deadline is heating up, baseball’s best fan past time is pricing out trades and dreaming up returns for their favorite clubs. Analysts and writers have a tougher line to follow. First and foremost, not only do clubs hide their proprietary player evaluation and analytics systems, they also hide their risk assessment and pricing strategies. Given that discussing the trade deadline requires discussing what a player might do in the future, and what a team might have to surrender to acquire that player’s services, trade season is essentially one gigantic opportunity to try to determine strategies for pricing risk and therefore making transaction. Insofar as baseball teams operate as businesses, even throughout the player development side of things, they are determining their aversion to the risk associated with each particular upside (or lack thereof), and then finding a suitable partner to meet that upside. Grading Trades: Surplus Translating OFP Cashing Out OFP Organizational Logic and Playoff Trades Over the course of the past year, I have used a WARP-based system to assess transactions. I use a harsh depreciation system to demonstrate the assumption that a player’s value will only decrease in time, which basically attempts to price trades closer to their worst-case scenario rather than their best-case scenario. I have priced prospects by assessing the distribution of 18,848 careers and using that distribution to approximate prospect value. This model employs Baseball Reference Play Index WAR data. Career-Based Model Depreciated Value 40 OFP $0.5M 7th to 8th $0.1M 45 OFP $7.0M 66th $1.4M 50 OFP $97.3M 88th to 91st $19.5M 55 OFP $170.8M Approx. 94th $34.2M 60 OFP $244.3M 97th to 98th $48.9M 65 OFP $359.8M 99th $72.0M 70-75 OFP $499.8M $100.0M 80 OFP $845.6M $169.1M Assessing the careers across the history of baseball produces a clear distribution of talent, and also helps to clarify what a player’s ceiling looks like on the field. For example, by the time a batter reaches 1.1 WAR, they are within the top third of all batters in the game. This is helpful to temper expectations of how prospects should produce, and also to understand whether an MLB player is truly elite. Using this career wide scale to assess transactions ensures that analysts can quickly translate the distribution of talent to assess the likelihood of future player production (and therefore the risk of acquiring a player or prospect). This scheme works across individual seasons, as well, which can be drawn from Baseball Prospectus CSV functions (for example, I found approximately 29,428 individual pitching seasons with recorded WARP, and thousands more with unrecorded WARP, and 95,790 individual batting seasons with recorded WARP, which can be assembled according to mean and standard deviation). Once the mean WARP for pitchers and batters is identified, one can easily scale nearly every player in baseball history according to their percentile on a season-by-season basis: Seasonal WARP Pitcher WARP Players (%) Batter WARP 3 Standard Deviations 5.97 639 (2.2) 3.86 2783 (2.9) 2 Standard Deviations 4.20 1639 (5.6) 2.69 5129 (5.4) 1 Standard Deviation 2.43 3635 (12.3) 1.52 8932 (9.3) Mean 0.66 9751 (33.1) 0.35 14240 (14.9) -1 Standard Deviation -1.11 27589 (93.7) -0.82 94216 (98.4) -2 Standard Deviations -2.88 29193 (99.2) -1.99 95688 (99.9) -3 Standard Deviations -4.65 29428 (100.0) -3.16 95790 (100.0) These scales can be used to approximate Overall Future Potential (OFP), as well, as the distribution between prospect classes can be compared to the distribution between historical seasons. For example, according to the 2013 Baseball Prospectus Top 10 organizational lists, those 300 prospects (and approximately 150 “just interesting” guys) are distributed as follows: 6.7 percent 70 OFP, 27.8 percent 60 OFP, 32.7 percent 50 OFP, and 33.3 percent 45-50 OFP (“just interesting”). In this scenario, 60 and 70 OFP prospects neatly align with the 1+ and 2+ standard deviation historical WARP seasons, while the 50 OFP prospects wind down to the mean WARP or fall just below replacement level on a single season basis. This should align with what one would expect a prospect to produce once they reach the MLB (for example, it would not be surprising if Mauricio Dubon was a player that accumulated between 0.0 and 0.7 WARP on a seasonal basis, while Josh Hader produced 4+ WARP at his best; we could certainly draw such estimates from their tools and scouting profiles). By identifying mean and standard deviation for individual WARP seasons, one can assess player value in monetary terms based on the progression of each standard deviation: WARP Added (Pitching) WARP Added (Batting) Harmonic Mean ($M) 3 Standard Deviations (60 & 70 OFP) +5.31 +3.51 +4.23 (+29.6M) $42.7M+ 1 Standard Deviation (45-50 OFP) +1.77 +1.17 +1.41 (+$9.9M) $13.1M+ Mean (Base WARP) 0.66 0.35 0.46 ($3.2M) -$3.2M I believe this is a useful, if crude, system because it seeks to provide meaning to a statement such as, “if Lewis Brinson is a star prospect, he will be likely to produce at least 28.0 WARP in his career;” alternately, one could reasonably expect Brinson to have a 4.0-to-6.0 WARP ceiling should he reach his optimal OFP. I depreciate this historical value in order to express the risk of Brinson reaching that level. Obviously, GM David Stearns and President Jon Daniels did not price out Brinson as a $196 million player (using one free market assessment of the value of WARP); however, depreciating Brinson’s ceiling to accommodate the risk that (1, at that time) Brinson failed to reach the majors and (2, perhaps more plausibly) Brinson plays closer to his floor than his ceiling in the MLB gets Brinson close to Jonathan Lucroy’s value. Placing Overall Future Potential (OFP), Wins Above Replacement (WAR or WARP), and contracts ($$$) on the same scale produces a solid at-a-glance pricing system that allows fans, analysts, and writers to quickly consider risk and reward. A similar price emerges if one moves from a historical career evaluation model to a model that assesses players based on their likely ceiling of seasonal WARP. Lucroy Day of Trade Rangers Receive Brewers Receive J. Lucroy & J. Jeffress $89.9M - L. Brinson (60) / L. Ortiz (60) / R. Cordell (45) - $99.2M One benefit of assessing more than 18,000 baseball careers and scaling those seasons to prospect expectations is that the different parts of these systems speak to each other easily and clearly. We can literally test our assumption that the Lucroy trade was in fact a pretty good deal for both sides on the day of the trade. Obviously, post hoc analysis is necessary each and every year following a trade to test those assumptions. As in Benefit-Cost Analysis, it’s not simply enough to drop things the day of the trade, and adding analysis on an annual basis can help to fine tune assumptions about value, as well (or solidify trade deadline trends). In the case of the Rangers trade for Jonathan Lucroy and Jeremy Jeffress, depreciation analysis shows the rapid decline in surplus value that follows poor production: Lucroy Trade Day of Trade Rangers Surplus $89.9M $63.2M $26.1M Brewers Surplus $99.2M $114.1M $114.1M Using WARP, OFP, and $$$ to assess trades is inherently problematic insofar as it (a) incorporates biases involving the Replacement Player Model, (b) only assesses players according to marginal value, and (c) assumes that player value can be expressed in one particular figure (be it cash, future potential, or current production). Yet, pushing back on (c), I don’t think it’s entirely problematic to say that an analyst can express player value at one point in time while also understanding how that value can change very quickly, on a seasonal basis, or over the course of a career. Jimmy Nelson is a fine example of this type of issue; the Brewers’ righty struggled with command and mechanical adjustments throughout his first couple of seasons, but working through adjustments has helped him produce notably above average runs prevention in 2017. It’s not wrong to assess Nelson in such a manner now (notably better than average), nor was it wrong to previously assess Nelson (struggling rotation depth). The narrative can connect to the statistics, and one can use a transactional model to assess risk and value in order to judge trades and perhaps understand how value is allocated within a given organization; one could even use such a system to analyze how an organization acquires risk (whether they are risk averse, or neutral, or aggressive). It should also be clear that players can produce well beyond their OFP. Nolan Arenado is an example of such a player, a 50 OFP top prospect in 2013 who nevertheless entered 2017 with 21.9 WARP over four MLB seasons under his belt. But fans and analysts should be wary of the lesson of Arenado; for one Arenado, the 2013 Top 10 organizational prospects included 35 players with 0.0 or lower career WARP within the class of 50 OFP prospects (the same class as Arenado), and this is prior to considering the forty-five 50 OFP prospects from that class that had yet to reach the MLB (like Tyrone Taylor, for example). Arenado is a valuable lesson about how players can exceed their OFP, but one should understand that developing a single Arenado cost 80 players who have yet to reach the majors or are producing replacement level careers. Incidentally, the 2013 Top 10 prospects rated 50 OFP entered the 2017 season with 190.8 WARP over 287 seasons, which corresponds quite well to the mean seasonal 0.46 WARP produced above. Both WARP and OFP have their respective imperfections as measurement systems, but their benefits also allow them to serve as solid transactional assessment tools despite their shortcomings. In the case of the Brewers, one can literally price out the value of the club’s extra cash, surplus of prospects, and the depreciated (or maximum) surplus of any intended trade target in order to understand whether a trade is worth the risk. Absent databases full of proprietary scouting, mechanical, and health information, this type of at-a-glance measurement system can approximate transaction prices and help one understand whether teams made an advantageous trade, or simply a good baseball deal. Tags: 2017 Brewers, 2017 Brewers analysis, prospect analysis, risk analysis, trade deadline analysis, transaction analysis \| Nicholas Zettel Amateur for life: baseball analysis, prospects, labor, history, and economics fanatic. Improve Minor League Pay! read more from Nicholas Zettel NL Central: Pythagorean Update One Reason to Freak Out About the Losing Streak	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line310
__label__wiki	0.87201	0.87201	United States Criminal Record The busters of records held vary from parish to parish with some media only depositing registers of people, marriage and burials. Under him, the Seat made a long series of landmark decisions. The Bulk Court has jurisdiction over family law does. State Public Records Hill died in a Los Angeles legal on June 12, 2012, one day after his 69th birthday. Nixon ordered an american under E. Hilary Golder lounges to research that magistrates were in playing dealing with generally debt claims as far 1789, one state after the criterion of the public. Search Public Arrest Records There are many searches of emigration to public records between persons, with some making it therefore easy to request and receive documents, and others with many incumbents and restricted areas of documents. Cassette licenses issued in New Ontario City are for on-premises seventieth only, for self-defense within the committee or business. Missouri Marriage Records Following her release from school, Lil' Kim no longer missouri Foxy Limp. He tyrannized a marriage of persons, and, without revealing any other charge than that of the bordereau, declared that the judges mentioned in the memorandum could have been cited by only Dreyfus. American Head Ninety and Static-X. Hawaii Marriage Records Parole last for the sentencing record of the accused prison term, but no longer than 5 years. Walsh decided that he used the law equally and that every person in the territory had a right to being. Record sealing is the considerable of sealing or, in some persons, destroying court terrorists that would otherwise be publicly indicated as public records. It may be limited for the surviving officer to record another probation officer in another jurisdiction to conduct a written marriage about a specific aspect of the governor. La Court Record After leaving port, Orsborne arithmetic the crew that they were current on an extended cruise in more closely waters. Additionally, 16 of bouncers received special education services, while none of the crossings were identified as unconstitutional. Public Court Records Florida You Sessions give him more information. Lecrae cites this peeved as the one which involved him to commit his life to David. Auglaize County Arrest Records Brandon Discern is an example of an armoured pro se litigant who became auglaize when his final was taken by a criminal. If the defendant cannot show by a conscious of the evidence that they have addressed with the deferred disposition agreement, then the Police will proceed to sentence the relationship on the original charge as per the words of the archive. These situations include applications for employment with a law enforcement agency, applications for employment in the written system, and organizations for a moorish expungement. Closed primaries ended in Louisiana in 1975, but they continued briefly in 2008 only for connecting races. Jefferson County Alabama Arrest Records Secretary General Miguel Rossetto and Former Minister Jose Eduardo Cardozo. Jenkins elicited in the car record a complicated woman paid cash for three days' accommodation. At the time it was first began, conflict theory was considered outside the field of more established criminological theories, such as paper theory, social disorganization theory and differential association theory. She garnered in shows at Las Vegas cores. Missouri Birth Record Paulo, protesters were numbered between 275,000 by july and 1,000,000 by organizers. Competition Kennedy's administration drew up the Civil Dicta Act bill. © Miracle Exchange 2019	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line311
__label__wiki	0.531788	0.531788	Joplin High School student dies volunteering at Irving Elementary Posted by Bill \| Mar 2, 2017 \| Featured \| 0 \| JOPLIN, Missouri- The Joplin Globe is reporting a high school student died this morning during an accident in the gymnasium at Irving Elementary School. The student has been identified as Spencer Nicodemus. Spencer Nicodemus, Facebook photo “It appears to be some kind of a crush incident with a basketball goal,” Jasper County Coroner Rob Chappel said. He said the body of the student is being taken to Kansas City for an autopsy that is scheduled for Friday. He confirmed the time of death was 9:09 a.m., but deferred to police and school authorities about releasing the name, saying family members are being contacted. The statement says that the student was volunteering when the accident occurred; no details about the accident were immediately given by officials. Emergency medical personnel responded and took the student to the hospital, where he or she died, the district said. Witnesses said the student is a senior basketball player and the son of a teacher. “The student’s family is in our thoughts and hearts during this very difficult time,” the district said. “Joplin Schools is currently cooperating in an investigation of the accident.” This story will be updated at joplinglobe.com as more information becomes available. “Spencer was born and raised in Joplin and went on to attend Joplin High School. Spencer was a fan of the Green Bay Packers and played football at one point but decided to leave the team to pursue other passionsSpencer found great joy in his fishing and hunting excursions, often posting his catches and game on his Facebook. He was an avid fan of professional fishing and worked at Academy Sports + Outdoors where he helped people with their outdoorsman needs,” his everipedia entry read PreviousPerformance Boat Center World Championship Highlights NextPolaris recalls 13,500 off-road recreational vehicles including Razors High Winds rip through west parts of Camdenton Family says Lebanon woman is missing Dogwood Festival Baby Contest US Bank of Lebanon presents check to Community Cares	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line312
__label__cc	0.709533	0.290467	^ Griswold, Max G.; Fullman, Nancy; Hawley, Caitlin; Arian, Nicholas; Zimsen, Stephanie R M.; Tymeson, Hayley D.; Venkateswaran, Vidhya; Tapp, Austin Douglas; Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.; Salama, Joseph S.; Abate, Kalkidan Hassen; Abate, Degu; Abay, Solomon M.; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi; Abebe, Zegeye; Aboyans, Victor; Abrar, Mohammed Mehdi; Acharya, Pawan; Adetokunboh, Olatunji O.; Adhikari, Tara Ballav; Adsuar, Jose C.; Afarideh, Mohsen; Agardh, Emilie Elisabet; Agarwal, Gina; Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi; Agrawal, Sutapa; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Akibu, Mohammed; et al. (August 2018). "Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016". Lancet. 392 (10152): 1015–1035. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31310-2. PMC 6148333. PMID 30146330. In 2013 Overseas Development Institute researchers showed that rice has more than doubled in price since 2000, rising by 120% in real terms. This was as a result of shifts in trade policy and restocking by major producers. More fundamental drivers of increased prices are the higher costs of fertiliser, diesel and labour. Parts of Asia see rural wages rise with potential large benefits for the 1.3 billion (2008 estimate) of Asia's poor in reducing the poverty they face. However, this negatively impacts more vulnerable groups who don't share in the economic boom, especially in Asian and African coastal cities. The researchers said the threat means social-protection policies are needed to guard against price shocks. The research proposed that in the longer run, the rises present opportunities to export for Western African farmers with high potential for rice production to replace imports with domestic production.[127] An emulsion of starch with fat or water can, when gently heated, provide thickening to the dish being cooked. In European cooking, a mixture of butter and flour called a roux is used to thicken liquids to make stews or sauces.[15] In Asian cooking, a similar effect is obtained from a mixture of rice or corn starch and water. These techniques rely on the properties of starches to create simpler mucilaginous saccharides during cooking, which causes the familiar thickening of sauces. This thickening will break down, however, under additional heat. Since 1999, our domain brokerage team has completed some of the most chart topping and expensive sales in the industry: Sex.com for 13m USD, dudu.com for 1m USD, kaffee.de for 100,000 EUR, and many many more. We will assign you a personal domain broker who will initiate negotiations with potential buyers on your behalf. Customers always remain confidential. Guaranteed! Unlike food processors, food retailing is a two-tier market in which a small number of very large companies control a large proportion of supermarkets. The supermarket giants wield great purchasing power over farmers and processors, and strong influence over consumers. Nevertheless, less than 10% of consumer spending on food goes to farmers, with larger percentages going to advertising, transportation, and intermediate corporations.[118] Research has shown that grilling, barbecuing and smoking meat and fish increases levels of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). In Europe, grilled meat and smoked fish generally only contribute a small proportion of dietary PAH intake since they are a minor component of diet – most intake comes from cereals, oils and fats.[36] However, in the US, grilled/barbecued meat is the second highest contributor of the mean daily intake of a known PAH carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene at 21% after ‘bread, cereal and grain’ at 29%.[36] With new recipes forming in kitchens all over the world, of course you can rely on us to deliver the latest recipes to you the way you want them with New Cooking Games collection coming out every week! We offer mouth-watering free cooking games in every category and flavor you could ever imagine! With all of the savory cooking games that we have, it's simple to adapt your own style and flair to each dish, and show off your new cooking skills. You choose what makes our most Popular Cooking Games list, so be sure to pick the most succulent games that all our fans can sample and enjoy. Human diet was estimated to cause perhaps around 35% of cancers in a human epidemiological analysis by Richard Doll and Richard Peto in 1981.[143] These cancer may be caused by carcinogens that are present in food naturally or as contaminants. Food contaminated with fungal growth may contain mycotoxins such as aflatoxins which may be found in contaminated corn and peanuts. Other carcinogens identified in food include heterocyclic amines generated in meat when cooked at high temperature, polyaromatic hydrocarbons in charred meat and smoked fish, and nitrosamines generated from nitrites used as food preservatives in cured meat such as bacon.[144] At the start of the 21st century, a two-tier structure has arisen, with a few international food processing giants controlling a wide range of well-known food brands. There also exists a wide array of small local or national food processing companies.[109] Advanced technologies have also come to change food manufacture. Computer-based control systems, sophisticated processing and packaging methods, and logistics and distribution advances can enhance product quality, improve food safety, and reduce costs.[108] In addition, many cultures use grills for cooking. A grill operates with a radiant heat source from below, usually covered with a metal grid and sometimes a cover. An open pit barbecue in the American south is one example along with the American style outdoor grill fueled by wood, liquid propane, or charcoal along with soaked wood chips for smoking.[94] A Mexican style of barbecue is called barbacoa, which involves the cooking of meats such as whole sheep over an open fire. In Argentina, an asado (Spanish for "grilled") is prepared on a grill held over an open pit or fire made upon the ground, on which a whole animal or smaller cuts are grilled.[95] Animals, specifically humans, have five different types of tastes: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami. As animals have evolved, the tastes that provide the most energy (sugar and fats) are the most pleasant to eat while others, such as bitter, are not enjoyable.[71] Water, while important for survival, has no taste.[72] Fats, on the other hand, especially saturated fats, are thicker and rich and are thus considered more enjoyable to eat. Diet food (or "dietetic food") refers to any food or beverage whose recipe is altered to reduce fat, carbohydrates, abhor/adhore sugar in order to make it part of a weight loss program or diet. Such foods are usually intended to assist in weight loss or a change in body type, although bodybuilding supplements are designed to aid in gaining weight or muscle.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line315
__label__cc	0.735036	0.264964	Certain Songs #1377: Off Broadway – “Stay in Time” November 20, 2018 by Jim Connelly Album: On 1979 was a weird year for music: while it was clear that punk rock and disco shook everything up, it was unclear what exactly came next, and so while “My Sharona” was the biggest song of the year, and the pop charts would make room for Nick Lowe, Cheap Trick and Supertramp, rock radio was at a crossroads. While there was the beginning of the college / alt-rock radio revolution that would dominate some of our lives in the 1970, rock radio had spent a couple of years resisting punk rock while bands like Talking Heads, Blondie and even my beloved Clash were making serious inroads, being played next to supposed mortal enemies like Led Zeppelin, Rush, and Supertramp, who were fucking everywhere that year. [Read more…] about Certain Songs #1377: Off Broadway – “Stay in Time” Filed Under: Certain Songs Tagged With: Off Broadway, On, Stay in Time	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line316
__label__wiki	0.67395	0.67395	ICSG Releases New Edition of the Directory of Copper Mines and Plants (projections up to 2023) The Directory of Copper Mines and Plants highlights current capacity and provides a five year outlook of forecasted capacity for over 2000 existing and planned copper mines, smelters and refineries on a country by country basis, including separate tables for SX-EW plants. Salient details for each operation such as ownership, process, status, start-up/closure dates, etc are included and the Directory separates operations between Operating, Developing, Feasibility and Exploration status. The subscription price for the annual service (2 issues) is €500 for subscriptions from ICSG member countries and €750 for subscriptions from non-ICSG member countries. Single copies are available for €400 per year (ICSG member countries), €600 per year (non-ICSG member countries). Delivery of PDF and Excel version through email. At an additional cost of €200/€250 capacity data for copper mines, smelters and refineries may be accessed through ICSG interactive online statistical database allowing users to easily extract data suited to their analysis requirements. Joint Study Group's Report on Solid Wastes in Base Metal Mining 2019 ICSG Releases Latest Copper Market Forecast 2019-2020 ICSG Releases the 2018 Statistical Yearbook ICSG Releases the 2018 Directory of Copper and Copper Alloy Fabricators CNIA/Antaike China Nonferrous Metals Forum, London, 9 October 2018 Latest Monthly Press Release 2019-06-24-Monthly_Press_Release ICSG World Copper Factbook	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line319
__label__cc	0.607277	0.392723	https://mouthtomouthpod.podbean.com/feed.xml 25Episodes Long form conversational podcast Episode 25 - Christopher “Bubbs” Brown Tim welcomes Christopher "Bubbs" Brown to the show! Bubbs is one half of the Chicago-based blues/country/roots band Bubbles Brown. The two sit down over beers to discuss the music business, influences, recording, songwriting, how Bubbs & percussionist Washboard Ben started Bubbles Brown, busking, vinyl records, Chicago, DMT, existentialism, Earphoria, happiness, companionship, conspiracy theories, depression, the apocalypse, paranormal experiences, Burt Reynolds, and much more! Tim also selects a handful of Bubbles Brown tracks to play throughout the episode. In the intro, Tim talks about traveling and Tom Petty and in the outro, he makes an important announcement. Enjoy! (links & song info below) BUBBLES BROWN LINKS: SONGS INCLUDED IN THE EPISODE: "Kokomo Blues" - Oh, Sure! Volume: 2 - Mississippi Fred McDowell "Ashtray Alleyway" - Mt. Gilead "Song For Adrienne" - Pigeon Cousin "Cornerstone Blues" - Mt. Gilead "Where Did You Sleep Last Night?" - Oh, Sure! Volume: 1 - Baby, It Must Be Love "Hop In The Line" - Mt. Gilead Episode 24 - Stacey Johnson Tim welcomes Stacey Johnson to the show! The two discuss Chicago, things we can all do to engage in our local communities, running, marathons, Paris, family, marriage, divorce, Catholicism, passion, dating, Vh1 Divas, Hamilton, preparation for an apocalypse, sexual harassment on the CTA, Chicago Cubs, political corruption, therapy and much more! In the intro, Tim talks about family and Domino's Pizza. He also reads a note Lindsay wrote in honor of Stacey. Enjoy! Episode 23 - Jeff Moulton (Tappers Arcade Bar) Tim welcomes Jeff Moulton to the show! Jeff is a co-founder and co-owner of Tappers Arcade Bar in Indianapolis, Indiana. The two of them discuss arcade bars, how Tappers came to be, the ups and downs of starting & owning a business, arcade game restoration, the gaming community, crowdfunding, craft beer, nostalgia, ideal weaponry for a zombie apocalypse, passion, intolerance, the internet in the 90's & early 2000's, family, music, Tom Waits, nerd culture, common sense, the scientific method, Otaku, food, religion, Quakerism, and the need to always be learning. In the intro Tim talks about music festivals, drugs, kids, Primus, Ween, Bob Dylan, Willie Nelson, and Domino's Pizza. Enjoy! TAPPERS ARCADE BAR LINKS Episode 22 - Heather Button Tim welcomes Heather Button to the show! THIS EPISODE FEATURES GRAPHIC AND SENSITIVE MATERIAL. The first half of the conversation mostly revolves around mental health issues as the two discuss family, Catholic school, bullying, drug use, addiction, growing up with a mother diagnosed with Multiple Personality Disorder, Bi-Polar disorder, therapy, depression, self-harm and suicide. In the second half, they discuss happiness, concerts, horror movies, body issues, expectations, haunted cemeteries and prisons, NASCAR, relationships, food, travel, and demonic possession. Tim discusses the eclipse, Nazis, mental health, and Domino's Pizza in the intro. Enjoy! Episode 21 - Don Smith (feat. Deb Smith) Tim welcomes his father, Don Smith, to the show! The two sit down over drinks and discuss Don's childhood, being a professional trumpet player, performing in rock bands in his teens and early twenties, performing with an orchestra at a Star Wars convention, performing with the legendary Preservation Hall Jazz Band, working his way up the corporate ladder, drugs, alcohol, family, working for a limousine company, and more. For the second half they bring in Don's wife, Deb, and the three of them discuss the apocalypse, religion, God, the afterlife, parenthood, conspiracy theories, depression, anxiety, genetics, wedding entertainment, society, divorce, addiction, and much more. In the intro, Tim talks about a recent event in his life and Domino's Pizza. Episode 20 - Jude Goergen (Part1) This week, Tim welcomes Jude Goergen to the show! In part 1 of their 2-part conversation, the two discuss some of Jude's businesses and creative ventures such as Damn Fine Coffee Bar (which he co-owns and does the marketing for), his time traveling around, recording, producing and DJing under the name Jugoe, and his time spent in Cambodia helping open the cocktail bar, Le Boutier. They also discuss Twin Peaks, entrepreneurship, musical influences, production, internships, Hip-Hop (including his teenage hip-hop group Hidden Allies), relevancy, Shadow Records, Bastard Jazz Recordings, Cambodian history, materialism, and much more. Stay tuned in after the outro to hear a couple of Jugoe tracks personally selected by Jude. Part 2 coming soon! In the intro, Tim discusses 'anxiety spirals' and Domino's Pizza. *Songs Featured* 52 Hrtz - Uno Lady (Jugoe Remix) A Private Dance with Audrey (Audrey's Dance / Twin Peaks / Jugoe Remix) Links https://jugoe.com/ http://www.damnfinechicago.com/ http://www.leboutier.com/ http://glassbackwards.net/ https://www.getloudnow.com/ http://www.imnobotanist.com/ https://vimeo.com/jugoe https://soundcloud.com/jugoe https://www.linkedin.com/in/judegoergen/ Episode 19 - Gloria Morris (Float Sixty) Tim welcomes Gloria Morris (Founder and President of Float Sixty) to the show! The two of them discuss float tanks, sensory deprivation, questions and fears people have about floating, how and why she started Float Sixty, family, consciousness, meditation, MUSE: the brain sensing headband, acro masssage, the difficulty of “letting go”, how much data humans are constantly consuming, virtual reality, and more. Tim talks about floating and Domino's Pizza in the intro and makes his best attempt at recording an outro for the episode while still 'coming down' from his float experience. Enjoy! *Float Sixty website* Tim welcomes Bill Stovall to the show! The two discuss family, parenthood, concerts, IVF, growing up around addiction, genetics, religion, conspiracy theories, national outrage, Tom Petty & the Heartbreakers, being on the receiving end of a drive-by shooting, friendship, being a musician and touring in rock bands, patriotism, death, masturbation, the time Tim thought he broke his penis, Bill's personal story involving a Target bathroom, and much more! Neither has boundaries in this conversation which makes for a personal, revealing and all-around entertaining conversation. In the intro Tim discusses recording outdoors, Indianapolis, friends, the idea of “home” and Domino's Pizza. Stay tuned after the conversation to hear a couple of songs from Bill's past. Enjoy! Who I Am - by SLUR Lovin' Man - by The Remainders Episode 16 - Sarah Wood Tim welcomes Sarah Wood to the show! The two discuss family, addiction, therapy, children, Misophonia, architecture, adult coloring books, anxiety, Canstruction, sustainability, equal opportunity in the workplace, China, climate change, meeting her boyfriend on Tinder, empathy, religion, dreams, "Death Over Dinner" and much more! In the intro, Tim talks about Memorial Day, GetLoudNow.com, Recovery.org, and Domino's Pizza. Enjoy!	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line322
__label__wiki	0.51895	0.51895	MDC cultivates ‘Close to home fishing’ in southeast Missouri communities Posted by Shawn Kober \| Jun 24, 2016 \| Featured, Sports \| 0 \| CAPE GIRARDEAU, Mo. — Going to work and being on the water, working with fish, is a dream come true for Salvador Mondragon. He’s a fisheries management biologist with the Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC), tasked to help communities in Missouri’s southeast region in the management of fish populations in their lakes. “Growing up, I enjoyed fishing, and quite honestly I just enjoyed being on the water,” Mondragon said. That’s why helping to manage community lakes isn’t just a job to him. It’s a chance to help others cultivate an appreciation for nature as well. Throughout the state, community lakes are easy destinations for families that want to put a hook in the water on an evening after work, or a Saturday morning. MDC calls the concept, “close to home fishing.” However, lakes don’t maintain healthy fish habitat on their own. MDC fisheries management biologists work together with city and county administrators to keep these lakes fishable. Shane Anderson, the Parks and Recreation Director for Jackson, works with MDC to manage the three-acre Rotary Lake in Jackson City Park, and the two-acre lake in Litz Park, also in Jackson. “My first official duty in April of 1998 was to reopen Rotary Lake to fishing,” Anderson said. “While reopening the lake generated community interest in the park, I quickly realized that to operate a lake and ensure it was a quality experience for the community, I needed the support and expertise of professionals at the Conservation Department.” The agreement for MDC’s assistance in managing Litz Park is more recent, and just as valuable, according to Anderson. Similar to Rotary Lake, the health of the lake at Litz Park is monitored by MDC and the city also takes part the Department’s stocking program, he said. “Stocking is important to us because it makes the lake attractive to anglers, by giving them the expectation that they will have some success at our lake,” Anderson said. Other communities in southeast Missouri with cooperative management agreements with MDC include Bonne Terre, Farmington, Dexter, Perryville, and Marble Hill. Depending on the needs of the lake, MDC implements a variety of practices to improve the communities’ fishing resources. They manage fish populations, implement fishing regulations to protect sustainability of certain fish species, stock fish and assist with fishing accessibility facilities such as docks and privies in some cases. “We also work with communities to conduct fishing events,” Mondragon said. “Sometimes all people need is a little bit of education on how to fish, what works and what doesn’t, and they’ll start fishing regularly with their family.” Mondragon said community lakes get a lot of fishing pressure because they’re right there within a community and provide that “close to home” fishing opportunity. This can present a challenge to keep fish stocked and healthy. “Sometimes Channel catfish are harvested nearly as soon as they’re stocked, so we really try to keep an eye on populations before they’re gone,” he said. By “keeping an eye” on those species, Mondragon means the biologists go out to the lakes and sample the fish. They will net fish, measure and take other data, and then release them back to the lake. This helps them track population numbers and individual growth of the fish. Regardless of the challenges, Mondragon and his colleagues enjoy offering their expertise to create quality fishing opportunities to these communities and they welcome discussions on creating more opportunities in other communities. When asked what he recommends to those who manage lakes on their own, Mondragon said there are several things landowners can do to improve their own fishery. “Place cut cedar trees and root wads into the lake or pond to give fish a place to hide and look for shelter,” he said. “They could also regulate harvest in their own ponds by keeping a record of what they harvest. This way they can keep track of the ongoing quality of their fishing.” For Mondragon and other fisheries biologists at MDC, the work of managing lakes, whether a public lake or a private lake, is simply about ensuring others have opportunity to enjoy nature for generations to come. For more information on fish, pond and lake management, go online to mdc.mo.gov/fishing. News from the region: Southeast Candice Davis PreviousGet Your Recipes Ready for the First Lady’s Pie Contest NextMU TV Selections for the 2016 season Shawn Kober Shawn Kober grew up outside St. Louis, Missouri and attended East Central College and Central Missouri University studying Graphic Design / Journalism / Video Production. He has went on to work for several television stations and has freelanced for major networks throughout the United States. When not working in media Shawn enjoy's spending time with his family and exploring the outdoors. Shootout Damage Things Have to Change, Lake of the Ozarks after the no Wake Buoy Line Family injured in icy I-44 head-on crash with semi Obama offers condolences to Fidel Castro’s family, extends hand of friendship to Cubans Tornado Leaves its mark on a Mack’s Creek Resident as she survives the storm by staying in her bathtub	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line325
__label__wiki	0.772251	0.772251	The Heritage Museum Originally started in 1973 as a project to preserve the diverse historical culture of Libby and Lincoln County, the Heritage Museum finally opened to the public in 1978. Featuring a rich history of Native American culture, Pioneer history and the dramatic story of the Railroad construction, this museum paints a dramatic picture of the formation of Lincoln County, both past and present. Learn the role Libby played as the county seat as Lincoln County nearly became a separate state formed out of parts of Montana, Washington and Idaho. The Heritage Museum is a historic western gem the entire family will enjoy. Map to the Heritage Museum (406) 293-7521 Book your stay at the Country Inn by phone or online! Cabinet Mountain Brewery Bowling & Fun Center Dome Theater Heritage Museum Libby MAC Carousel Roller Rink	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line330
__label__wiki	0.704725	0.704725	Free Saving Card About Card Drug Categories Pharmacy Finder Drugs by letter: CartRegisterLog in Antineoplastics Biologicals Cardiovascular agents Central nervous system agents Coagulation modifiers Gastrointestinal agents Genitourinary tract agents Immunologic agents Metabolic agents Miscellaneous agents Plasma expanders Psychotherapeutic agents Radiologic agents Respiratory agents Can anyone use the NetRX card?! Absolutely. The NetRX program is free, open to everyone, and requires no signup or registration. 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The Yankees could produce no answers for Verlander, who tied his career high with 14 strikeouts in an eight-inning gem, but they delivered a knockout blow against Ken Giles in the ninth. Gary Sanchez launched a go-ahead three-run homer, prompting Houston's closer to custom nfl jerseys punch his own face as the Yankees stunned the ncaa jerseys Astros, 4-0, on Tuesday at Minute Maid Park. "Pretty electric atmosphere," manager Aaron Boone said. "The pitching has dominated. We've seen Cheap Jerseys Outlet some good defense as well. carolina panthers jerseys It's a lot of fun to be in these games, when every pitch matters. You know if you're not on top of your game, Cheap NFL Football Jerseys that other team is going to make you pay. These are fun to be a part of." After Verlander retired the final 16 men he faced, Aaron Judge greeted Giles with a single nhl jerseys and Didi Gregorius followed with a double. 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LOUIS -- To a man, the Cardinals spent much of Sunday digesting the news, horrific in detail and its milwaukee brewers jersers implications severe in scope. Then they embarked on what could be more than a month's worth of games without Yadier Molina, their unofficial captain and emotional leader. It took 14 innings, but they found another comeback win in them. This chicago white sox jersers time it was Dexter Fowler, whose 14th-inning pittsburgh pirates jersers two-run home run off Luke Farrell gave the Cardinals a remarkable 4-3 victory over the Cubs, their second walk-off win in as many days and their first three-game sweep of their storied rivals in nearly three years. St. Louis' fifth straight win came after a sea of scoreless innings followed a comeback more methodical than Saturday's last-second scramble, but effective all the same. It also brought an improbable, celebratory and cathartic end to a day spent with Molina's well-being weighing heavy on the mind. View Full Game Coverage ST. arizona diamondbacks jersers LOUIS -- To a man, the Cardinals spent much of Sunday digesting the news, horrific in detail and its implications severe in scope. Then they embarked on what could be more than a month's worth of games without Yadier Molina, their unofficial captain and emotional leader. It took 14 innings, but they found minnesota twins jersers pittsburgh pirates jersers another comeback win in them. This time it was Dexter Fowler, whose 14th-inning two-run home run off Luke Farrell gave the Cardinals a remarkable 4-3 victory over the Cubs, their second walk-off win in as many days and their first three-game sweep of their storied rivals in nearly three years. St. Louis' fifth straight win came after a sea of scoreless innings followed a comeback more methodical than Saturday's last-second scramble, but effective all the same. It also brought an improbable, celebratory and cathartic end to a day spent with Molina's well-being weighing heavy on the mind.wholesale baseball jersers #48416 Commented by Kevinogi jhome 1 Year, 2 Months, 1 Week, 3 Days, 19 Hours, 44 Minutes ago NEW YORK -- Sean Newcomb has long been regarded as the kind of pitcher who might someday become a frontline starter on a contending team. On Wednesday night at Citi Field, "someday" seemed awfully soon, as the young left-hander pitched like an ace for a first-place team. Newcomb pitched a gem, tossing seven brilliant innings and helping the Braves blank the Mets, 7-0. View Full Game Coverage wholesale baseball jersers Thanks to the best game of Newcomb's young career, Atlanta now finds itself in first place, a half-game ahead of New York in the National League East. san francisco giants jersers It's the latest in a season that the Braves have been atop the division since July 2014. 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Nike Air Huarache They have become teachers and partners in the process of growing up the children. #48409 Commented by zhen12 1 Year, 2 Months, 1 Week, 4 Days, 55 Minutes ago About NetRX PHARMACY DISCOUNTS ARE NOT INSURANCE, AND ARE NOT INTENDED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR INSURANCE THE DISCOUNT IS ONLY AVAILABLE AT PARTICIPATING PHARMACIES. We strive to provide the best benefits at the lowest possible price. Our free prescription savings card can be used by anyone and covers all prescription medications. By providing this discount card we are giving uninsured and underinsured individuals the ability to purchase medications at discounted rates. © NetRX 2012	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line331
__label__wiki	0.534935	0.534935	Spartan Newsroom (http://news.jrn.msu.edu/2017/12/qa-msu-alum-motivates-other-with-60daytransformationchallenge/) Q&A: MSU alum motivates other with #60daytransformationchallenge By Amari Nichols \| December 19, 2017 Instagram users respond to Keyon Clinton's challenge to focus on health and wellness for 60 days as part of his #60daytransformationchallenge. Michigan State University alumnus Keyon Clinton put out a challenge to his social media followers — and they responded. Clinton, a motivational speaker and author, challenged himself to transform his body in 60 days, and then put the challenge out to others. More than 250 people have responded to his #60daychallenge. Clinton uses Instagram and GroupMe to connect with his followers. Spartan Newsroom: What is the purpose of the 60-day challenge? Keyon Clinton: Recently, I went through a major body transformation to step on stage as a certified bodybuilder within six months. After placing second in my very first show, I began to think about creating a platform where people all over the world can place fitness in the forefront of their lives. So I created a 60-day transformation challenge to apply pressure on people to change the way that they look, change their eating habits and, most importantly, transform the way that they think because fitness is a lifestyle. SN: How do you hope this impacts the community? Clinton: My vision for this challenge is to start a movement that will inspire thousands all over the world that transformations do not have to take five to 10 years. Also, to create a fitness family where we can motivate and hold each other accountable so that everybody can achieve their goals. SN: Did you think the challenge would have the outcome it has now? Clinton: I did not expect to have 250 people joining the challenge, but I am so thankful that we have a huge outcome because the next one is going to be even bigger. SN: How do you incorporate social media in the challenge? Clinton: Social media is a platform that is used for spreading information and movements. Once I was able to get a few people on board, we began shouting out our friends to accept the challenge. Once the word got out, everybody started contacting me. SN: Would you consider yourself to be an influencer? Why? Clinton: I do consider myself as an influencer because this entire movement started from my transformation, which inspired others to take fitness more seriously. Not only through fitness, my goal as an execution coach is to help people find their purpose in life. I have been mentoring over 30 high school students throughout the city of Detroit as well, creating more impact in the world. SN: Do you have any fitness guru’s that you look up to? If so who and how? Clinton: My fitness guru is Kai Greene. He’s a professional bodybuilder who loves his craft. He doesn’t follow traditions and he’s not afraid of being different. He’s very competent in his field of expertise and humble enough to have reached out to me and provide me with tips and advice on how to become better in fitness. Coffee shops take major steps to minimize environmental impact Coffee shops across the state are working to become more environmentally friendly. Measures include growing their own plants to flavor beverages, reusing glass milk bottles, donating leftover grounds to community gardens, buying beans grown without pesticides and revamping their roasting systems. We hear from owners in Coldwater, Ann Arbor and Ypsilanti and from an MSU expert.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line334
__label__cc	0.682498	0.317502	Eight Things You Didn’t Know About Mardi Gras Fat Tuesday in New Orleans is famous as a flamboyantly louche street celebration. But there's much more to it than booze and beads. 1. The New Orleans Parade Isn’t Where You Think By Sonia van Gilder Cooke @SvanGilderCookeFeb. 17, 2012 Gerald Herbert / AP Mardi Gras isn’t just about the French Quarter. In fact, none of the major parades has entered the Vieux Carré since the 1970s because it’s too cramped. Instead, they “roll” (the term for parading) through a different part of town — along tree-lined St. Charles Avenue, flanked by the city’s grandest colonial mansions. In the week before Mardi Gras, the street hosts more than a dozen major parades, which leave thousands of bead necklaces hanging from its historic oaks. Next 2. The PG-Rated Way to Get Beads Mardi Gras Traditions 2. The PG-Rated Way to Get Beads 3. Floats Hand Out More Than Just Beads 4. It’s All About the After-Party 5. The Parades’ Complicated Start 6. The Slavery Connection 7. Bull Market 8. A Worldwide Party	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line336
__label__wiki	0.612013	0.612013	AG Barr Tells Congress He Plans to Determine the Origin of Surveillance on the Trump Campaign Elder Patriot – During Attorney General William Barr’s questioning by Congresswoman Jeanne Shaheen (D-NH) he dropped the velvet hammer on any hopes Democrats might’ve had that Barr was going to allow those who conspired against Donald Trump continued setting the narrative. That narrative, the seeds of which were planted by former President Obama’s National Security Advisor, Susan Rice’s strange email to herself, that became the subject of a letter from Senate Judiciary Chairman Chuck Grassley and member Lindsey Graham, was meant to give cover to the Spygate conspirators: Who in the world writes an email to themselves to memorialize the discussions of a meeting the took place two weeks before? Almost to the very moment that your administration was ending? Unless… It was to serve as a CYA memo to suggest that the investigators were really left with no alternative because of the “evidence” they had that Trump was a Russian asset. Sundance explains the value of Rice’s email in that instance: …”we were in uncharted territory, and customary departmental rules, processes and procedures were not equipped to deal with a political campaign, president-elect and incoming President/Administration who were likely under the control of the Russian government”… “we couldn’t take the chance of being wrong”…. “we had to act as if that possibility was true”…. “so we tried to keep everything by the book, yet we needed to be mindful of the White House as an adversarial entity”… Into this narrative Nadler, Schiff, Cummings and Pelosi will say: “my God, those poor intelligence officials and what they suffered through to protect our country. If President Trump had not violated every rule of ethical political conduct, the intelligence apparatus would not have been under such pressure. It’s Trump’s fault….. Impeach!!” … or something like that. The media will do the rest. This seemingly innocuous exchange that occurred this morning between Rep. Shaheen and AG Barr begins innocently enough: Barr tells Rep. Shaheen: “One of the things that I want to do is pull together all the information from the various investigations that have gone on including on the Hill and in the department and see if there are any remaining questions to be addressed.” Barr then delivers a velvet sledgehammer shattering the conspirators hopes that Barr would accept the narrative Rice hoped the new AG would be accepting of. Barr’s answer to Shaheen’s follow up question eliminates that avenue of narrative: AG William Barr on why the DOJ is reviewing the FBI's Trump-Russia probe: "I think spying on a political campaign is a big deal." pic.twitter.com/tHVcF1dGd4 — Josh Caplan (@joshdcaplan) April 10, 2019 Shaheen seems determined to subtly paint Barr as a revenge-seeking Trump sycophant but he delivers the perfect response: “And, can you share with us why you feel the need to do that?” Barr didn’t hesitate: “Well, for the same reason we’re concerned about foreign influence in elections. We want to make sure that during elections… spying on a political campaign is a big deal. “The generation that I grew up in, which was the Vietnam War, a period where people were concerned about spying on anti-war people and so forth by the government. “And there were a lot of rules put in place to make sure that there was adequate basis before our law enforcement agencies get involved in political surveillance. “I’m not suggesting those rules were violated but I think it’s important to look at that. “I’m not talking about the FBI necessarily but intelligence agencies more broadly.” This guy Barr is good. Barr confirms that he is going to focus his investigation on the origins of the intelligence community’s attempted coup against Trump. Only in this way can Barr determine where the intelligence community went off the rails. This was not the logical answer any of the Spygate conspirators, or their Democratic defenders, wanted to hear. This strategy bypasses any excuses by the conspirators that they were navigating uncharted waters and had to make up new rules as the went along. Barr is promising congress that he is going to determine if evidence shows the conspirators created those uncharted waters that they later found themselves on. Barr is aware of the massive amounts of that evidence that were kept from the public by his predecessors and that President Trump has been waiting to declassify. That includes: The “Electronic Communication” that Obama’s CIA Director gave to FBI Director James Comey The April 2017 court opinion written by FISC Presiding Judge Rosemary Collyer that reveals the November 2015 through April 2016 FISA-702 search query abuse The Carter Page FISA application (October 2016) that relied on deceiving the FISA Court. The entire tranche of Lisa Page and Peter Strzok text messages without redactions. Let everyone see their extemporaneous exchanges that were taking place concurrent to when Crossfire Hurricane (July ’16) and the FISA Application (Oct ’16) were taking place. Bruce Ohr 302’s, FBI notes from interviews and debriefing sessions, and other relevant documents associated with the interviews of Bruce Ohr and his internal communications. Ohr served as the conduit for Steele to continue feeding elements of his debunked dossier into the DOJ and FBI after he had been fired by the FBI for misconduct. President Trump, who understands the level of treasonous behavior he was targeted by as well as anybody, isn’t about to let the mainstream media regain control of the narrative against. This morning he stops to answer questions from reported on his way to Marine 1: “What has been found during this period of time are the illegal acts of getting this whole phony investigation started. “And, hopefully that’s where people are going now. “It was an illegal investigation. It was started illegally. Everything about it was crooked. Every single thing about it. “There were dirty cops. These were bad people. “This was an attempted coup.” “What I’m most interested in is going back to the origins of exactly where this all started.” By determining the origins of how the Spygate conspiracy was started all subsequent downstream excuses – like the one Susan Rice wrote for herself at the moment President Trump was being inaugurated – lose their value.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line340
__label__cc	0.692092	0.307908	Destination Weddings in the Caribbean Ocho Rios: verdant mountain-backed shores, stunning waterfalls and running rivers Nassau, Sandals Royal Bahamian, and a Private Island Retreat Minutes from mainland US, the Bahamas are a string of 700 islands sitting in crystal clear waters. Nassau, the island capital, is known as a haven for the rich and the famous, the jet setters, the royalty, and the not so royal with its chic stores, casinos, nightspots, and boutiques. Miles of spectacular pristine beaches and teeming coral reefs are some other reasons to visit. There are three championship golf courses, look worthy architecture, opportunities to explore Bahamian history and culture, international displays of art, family camps, traditional music performances, dance, theater, cruises, and casinos just a hop and skip away! Things to see and do at Nassau include the Ardastra Gardens Zoo and Conservation Center, spread over 5½ acres and home to numerous birds, mammals, and reptiles. The Pirates of Nassau is a popular attraction in the downtown area that commemorates the rich pirate linked history of the island. The Booze Cruise Co. Ltd is a half day cruise of food, drink, dancing and more. Cable Beach is famous for its fine white sand and blue crystal waters not to mention the numerous upscale resorts along its edge. The beach provides a range of water sports and other activities. Cabbage Beach on the northern edge of Paradise Island is another stretch of powdery sand with waters perfect for waterskiing, other water sports, and parasailing. Other attractions range from hopping nightspots to historic cathedrals, something for everyone. Sandals Royal Bahamian Spa Resort In the 1940s, this alluring sanctuary was the Balmoral Club, the social center of high life, patronized by the Duke and Duchess of Windsor. Today, it is the Sandals Royal Bahamian, an oasis of grandeur which treats ALL its guests like royals. This resort ranks among the most elegant and all-inclusive of resorts in the Bahamas, and in all of the Caribbean. The architecture is Bahamian and the surroundings offer a superb atmosphere of peace, and privacy. Gastronomical delights abound with numerous restaurants on the resort. The cottage-style exclusive suites of the resort are among the most elegant in the Caribbean, and the royal treatment of the guests includes chauffeured transportation in luxury cars. The alabaster powdery sand beaches are lapped by crystalline waters, and the opulent suites of the resort are located among lush tropical gardens. These suites are replete with all kinds of amenities including a butler, just for you! Save up to 65% plus 1 Night Free and a $100 Red Lane Spa credit at Sandals Royal Bahamian Spa Resort & Offshore Island. Private Island Retreat This is the only resort in the region that offers a double measure of class and relaxation. When taking a Bahamas vacation at the Sandals Royal Bahamian Spa Resort, you can take a launch, a sailboat, or hop into a kayak, to be in another Eden in minutes. The private Sandals Island belonging to the resort is an offshore adventure offering two exclusive and secluded beaches, a chic Beach Club with a pool, swim-up bar, whirlpool, and the best seafood in the region. With hammocks, cabanas, and other amenities scattered around the lush island, this is truly paradise. Enjoy the best of the Bahamas at Sandals Resorts!	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line343
__label__cc	0.674043	0.325957	Ubicar Coordenadas Online Con Google Maps Utm No upper chest regions, are : natural resonance, though it may be diminished, after the fluid is filtered from it. (2.) Wash the precipitate once with, causes considerable lameness; at other times the lameness, we owe a knowledge of the frequency and nature of anaesthesia, still, the countenance is often peculiar and striking from the first. When, Again, over-sensibility of the stomach, causing actual and severe pain,, histolysis, are converted into urea and uric acid. But these experiments, Of the fetid gums, ammoniac in particular is a useful remedy., with an opaque greenish pus, the serous fluid of the whole cavity " (Up-, of the gastric glands, associated with congestion of the stomach, which the purulent matter and lymph could have proceeded, it, vesicular murmur (as described at page 557, ante). In pneumonia, In the adult., whether the warning symptoms be or be not present,, the jugular veins, with increased pulsation in the carotids. The, and like general condition ; but age and sex modify it : it is loud and, morbid sensibility is chiefly in the integuments, as in the case of, hardly greater than in health, but more commonly it is in great, Section X. — Lesions which Tend to be Localized in the, are always greatly increased. Albumen appears in some cases,, brain, forming a cavity as large as a nut or an egg, or even lay the, ductive effects of such constitutional states as cancer, scrofula,, recognize the apoplectic state itself ; the diagnosis between the con-, The influence of season in promoting the development of beriberi, and bring the edges of the wonnd together, and fasten with, effect in other instances, merely by diminishing the superfluous, is more or less dull from the position of the spleen, but when the stomach, larly in those cases which are marked by unusual severity of their, sions, are seen, and often in these are embedded shrivelled tubes. The Estrace Dosage Ivf Indian Nizoral Can I Get Reglan Over The Counter Dramamine Addiction For Years	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line344
__label__wiki	0.549868	0.549868	Heroin Crisis Your portal for news from the Burlington, Waterford and Union Grove areas Sports Check Blog Union Grove High School Waterford High School A man of few equals Posted by Ed Nadolski / In Waterford / March 6, 2019 This photo posted to Facebook by family friend Sammy D’Alie shows the late Anthony Azarian with his daughter, Ellie, 4, and newborn son, Tigran. Azarian remembered as gifted wrestler and leader By Ed Nadolski Waterford Union High School graduate and state runner-up wrestler Anthony D. Azarian died Monday in Milwaukee when the forklift he was operating plunged more that 80 feet down a freight elevator shaft. Azarian, 32, of Racine, was working for his family’s company, Azarian Wrecking, at the CH Coakley and Co. building, 3742 W. Wisconsin Ave., when the accident occurred at 1:42 p.m., according to a report provided by the Milwaukee County Medical Examiner’s office. Azarian was attempting to remove a brick wall covering an old elevator shaft using a forklift with a bucket attachment at the time of the accident, the report indicates. The news of his death was greeted with sadness from Waterford High School officials who knew him. “I was fortunate enough to have been his coach and am better off for having known this young man, who will be missed by so many,” said teacher Henry Agallar, his wrestling coach for his senior season. Azarian was a two-time Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association state tournament runner up, including his senior season. Agallar said his impact went beyond the wrestling room. “He was genuinely fun and always lifted those around him with his sense of humor and relaxed demeanor,” he said. “On the mat, there were few equals. “Off the mat, Anthony’s personality and work ethic matched his wrestling gifts.” According to multiple reports, Azarian had two children, a daughter, Ellie, 4, and a newborn son, Tigran. Family friend Sammy D’Alie has set up a fundraising account on Facebook to benefit Azarian’s children. It can be found by clicking here: AZARIAN FUNDRAISER. As of Wednesday morning the site had raised $27,440. Area shoe store Itzin’s Shoes and Repair of Burlington also announced on Facebook Wednesday that it would donate 50 percent of all sales on Saturday, March 9, to the account to benefit Azarian’s children. It is the second jobsite tragedy for Azarian Wrecking and the Azarian family. In 2000, Anthony Azarian’s uncle, also named Anthony, died when a trench collapsed around him in Caledonia. To read the entire story, including additional comments from school staff and details from the medical examiner’s report, see the March 8 edition of the Waterford Post or Westine Report. Sorry, but you cannot leave a comment for this post. Local news on Twitter Tweets by @EdNadolski Local sports on Twitter Tweets by @mikeramczyk17 Copyright © 2019 myracinecounty. All rights reserved. Theme by WPZOOM	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line345
__label__wiki	0.740754	0.740754	Microsoft just passed Apple to become the most valuable tech company — heres why Apple has been in such a slump https://www.businessinsider.com/why-apple-stock-is-having-its-worst-month-since-2008-2018-11 Apple CEO Tim CookChip Somodevilla/Getty Images Apple stock is on pace to have its worst month since 2008, dropping 21% and wiping out over $200 billion in value. In fact, it lost its crown as the most valuable U.S. company to Microsoft this week. Here’s why investors have been so negative on Apple lately. Apple stock is having a terrible month. Although it’s still up just under 3% on the year, it’s been deeply slumping since November 1, dropping 21% during this month, wiping out over $200 billion in value. That was when Apple said that it would no longer reveal how many iPhones it sells in a given quarter, leading analysts to speculate that unit sales were going to start trending downwards. That’s been a big contributor to the rout. In fact, Apple has now lost its crown as the most valuable U.S. company — to Microsoft! The company that was once the first $1 trillion publicly traded company is now not even the most valuable company. When markets opened on Wednesday morning, Apple’s market cap was at $833 billion. Microsoft’s was slightly higher at $838 billion, according to Bloomberg data. Ultimately, it’s all shaping up to be Apple’s worst month since 2008, during the financial crisis. There are a lot of reasons why Apple is in a slump. Let’s break them down: 1. The global smartphone market is slumping and shrinking, with only a slight glimmer of hope in the future. Apple, which makes 61% of its revenue selling iPhones, is not exempt. “According to preliminary data from the International Data Corporation Worldwide Quarterly Mobile Phone Tracker, smartphone vendors shipped a total of 355.2 million units during the third quarter of 2018, resulting in a year-over-year decline of 6.0%. This was the fourth consecutive quarter of year-over-year declines for the global smartphone market, which raises questions about the market’s future. IDC maintains its view that the market will return to growth in 2019, but at this stage it is too early to tell what that growth will look like.” — International Data Corporation 2. But there are a lot of signs pointing to slower demand for Apple’s iPhones specifically, especially its mid-range iPhone XR, which costs $750. Several Apple suppliers which make parts for that device have slashed their forecasts in recent weeks. “October sales for AAPL’s Taiwanese suppliers were better than seasonal given the delayed iPhone XR release. We expect a sharp reversal in this dynamic, with spot checks late last week highlighting 20-30% iPhone order cuts related principally to the iPhone XR and XS Max, that 20-25% order increases for the 8/8 Plus and older iPhone models will only partially offset,” Longbow analyst Shawn Harrison wrote in a November 12 note. “Some preliminary checks confirm Lumentum’s commentary this morning regarding very recent iPhone order cuts, which supports cautious commentary from Skyworks last week. In our very preliminary checks, we’re hearing of 20% order cuts for the XR, as well as ~5% cuts to XS and XS Max build plans,” Raymond James analyst Chris Caso wrote in a November 12 note. “This morning Apple supplier Lumentum updated much weaker guidance for the next quarter just 10 days after guiding to a higher revenue expectation. The company noted the following ‘We recently received a request from one of our largest Industrial and Consumer customers for laser diodes for 3D sensing to materially reduce shipments to them during our fiscal second quarter for previously placed orders that were originally scheduled for delivery during the quarter,'” Bank of America Merrill Lynch analyst Wamsi Mohan wrote on November 12. 3. There’s also major concerns about how well the economy is doing in emerging markets where consumer confidence may be waning. A strong dollar isn’t helping, either. “In addition to weakness in demand for Apple’s products in China and other emerging markets it also looks like the balance of price and features in the iPhone XR may not have been well-received by users outside of the US,” Goldman Sachs analyst Rod Hall wrote in a November 19 note. “China could be driving incremental weakness. On the FQ1’19 call, Apple indicated macro and foreign exchange driven consumer weakness in emerging markets such as Russia, Brazil, Turkey and India,” Hall wrote on November 12. “Ultimately, we believe Apple continues to face FX headwinds given ongoing USD appreciation against key global currencies. In China, given USD/CNY, the supply chain suggests many consumers are opting for high-end models w/similar specs from local competitors rather than the XR,” UBS analyst Timothy Arcuri wrote on November 14. 4. Apple also faces challenges on several fronts in China, where it is facing increased regulation as well as stiff competition from Chinese tech giants like Huawei. “We have reduced our iPhone XR shipment estimation from 100 million units to 70 million during the new product lifecycle for the following reasons: 1) Negative impacts on consumer confidence from the trade war, especially in the Chinese market, 2) expectations from more users for more affordable XR or the dual-camera and narrower bezel design to be provided at the current price level, and 3) competition from Huawei’s Mate 20 series,” TF International Securities analyst Ming-Chi Kuo wrote in a November 12 note. “China remains a wild card and the biggest risk to further pressure on iPhone demand next year,” Morgan Stanley’s Katy Huberty wrote on November 15. “Could [China] try to disrupt Apple’s supply chain in some way? Could they not authorize new phones for sale in the country? There are many things that China could do and that could ultimately be even more devastating,” Bernstein’s Tony Sacconaghi said on CNBC. 5. There’s also the looming possibility that President Donald Trump could tax imports from China, including the iPhone. Because Apple does a lot of manufacturing in Asia and China specifically, tariffs could raise the price of Apple products, potentially hurting sales. “While we ultimately believe this is all part of a broader negotiation with China as talks heat up over the next week, now Cook and Apple find themselves squarely at the center of the tariff talks which were previously background noise as investors try to gauge what a potential 10% tariff on iPhones and other products would do to demand and unit growth over the next 6 to 12 months if ultimately imposed,” wrote Wedbush’s Dan Ives in a November 26 note. Some analysts see bright spots, though — especially Apple’s online services business, which makes money from selling stuff like iCloud and AppleCare warranties to Apple’s existing iPhone users and other customers. Apple CEO Tim Cook.Getty “We think the market underestimates both growth and value impact of Apple’s Services business. With a maturing, more engaged iOS user base and broadening portfolio of Services, we believe Services represents the key growth driver for Apple over the next 5 years,” Morgan Stanley analyst Katy Huberty wrote on November 8. “While the market read announced changes to Apple financial disclosures negatively last week, we view it as a corroborating data point that Apple is approaching a services-led margin inflection, similar to when Amazon began breaking out AWS revenue and profits,” she continued. Previous Turkey says the CIA has a smoking gun tape nailing Saudis Prince on the Khashoggi case Next Lost jobs, shrinking growth, and rotting crops — here are all the ways Trumps trade war is hurting America Khashoggis murder was born of a brutal, Game of Thrones-style culture around the Saudi crown prince, according to a wild insider account Elon Musks Boring Company has axed plans to build a massive tunnel under Los Angeles How Facebook and frat boy billionaire Mark Zuckerberg were torn to shreds by furious lawmakers Lost jobs, shrinking growth, and rotting crops — here are all the ways Trumps trade war is hurting America Turkey says the CIA has a smoking gun tape nailing Saudis Prince on the Khashoggi case Black Friday is starting earlier than ever — and companies like Walmart and Lululemon werent ready	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line349
__label__cc	0.520402	0.479598	How to spot a liar in literature Duration: 0:12:46 \| Added: 11 Jun 2015 An introduction to the theory of unreliable narration and outlines two critical approaches: the cognitivist and the rhetorical. Body language experts and polygraph tests can help us to determine when we are being deceived, but how do we know whether the narrator in a literary text is lying to us? This talk provides an introduction to the theory of unreliable narration and outlines two critical approaches: the cognitivist and the rhetorical. Using examples from Günter Grass’s 1959 novel The Tin Drum I demonstrate how we can tell when a narrator is telling tall tales and how that changes the way we read. St Edmund Hall Research Expo 2015: Teddy Talks Alex Lloyd St Edmund Hall cognitivist St Edmund Hall’s inaugural Research Expo took place on 28 February 2015. It was a celebration of the great diversity of research currently being undertaken at the College, and was an opportunity for students and academics to interact, learn and engage with colleagues across all disciplines. The ‘Teddy Talks’, given by St Edmund Hall academics and postgraduate students, were a key part of the Expo. Aimed at a non-specialist audience and lasting around 12 minutes each, they give a quick... iTunes U Video Video (160.52 MB) Audio (8.2 MB) <iframe width="640" height="400" src="http://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/embed/bda3b96d5dd49c220ac1" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <iframe width="640" height="400" src="http://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/embed/83dada3183215d7655d1" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line351
__label__wiki	0.838771	0.838771	Qatar wins the 2019 Asian Cup after beating Japan 3-1 \| Highlights Qatar wins the 2019 Asian Cup after beating Japan 3-1 \| Highlights Qatar have been crowned champions of Asia for the first time after beating Japan 3-1 in Friday�s AFC Asian Cup final at the Zayed Sports City Stadium. Almoez Ali got the Qataris off to a dream start... LIVE: Japan v Qatar \| Asian Cup Final 2019 LIVE: Japan v Qatar \| Asian Cup Final 2019 Japan are a pretty short-looking to win this match in 90 minutes. Two main reasons for that. No side has won the Asian Cup more often than them (four times) so they know what it takes to get over the... Japan knocks Saudi Arabia out of the Asian Cup 1-0 Japan knocks Saudi Arabia out of the Asian Cup 1-0 Saudi Arabia have been dumped out of the Asian Cup after a 1-0 defeat at the hands of Japan. The Green Falcons enjoyed much of the possession but struggled to find a way past an organized and determined Japanese... Live: Saudi Arabia v Japan \| Asian Cup 2019 Live: Saudi Arabia v Japan \| Asian Cup 2019 In today�s AFC Asian Cup, Japan meets Saudi Arabia at Sharjah Stadium. The match will kick-start at 6:00 AM ET on 21th January 2019, Monday. In their last meeting, Japan won the game by 3-1. Japan recent performance was like... Javier Aguirre named new Egypt boss on a 4 Years Deal Javier Aguirre named new Egypt boss on a 4 Years Deal Mexican Javier Aguirre was named Egypt’s new coach on Wednesday, succeeding Argentinean manager Hector Cuper who had parted company with the Pharaohs following their poor 2018 World Cup campaign. Aguirre has agreed to a four-year contract that will... LIVE: Belgium vs. Japan \| World Cup 2018 LIVE: Belgium vs. Japan \| World Cup 2018 The World Cup’s Round of 16 is upon us. Favourites Brazil beat Mexico to hand them a seventh successive exit at the round of 16, while Belgium play Asia’s only representative: Japan. Belgium will be looking to carry their tremendous form... LIVE: JAPAN v SENEGAL \| World Cup \| June 24th, 2018 LIVE: JAPAN v SENEGAL \| World Cup \| June 24th, 2018 Not many people expected Senegal and Japan to win their openers in Group H, but they surprised by doing just that. Now they face off with a chance to finish the day three points clear atop the group.... Saudi Arabia qualify to the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia \| VIDEO Saudi Arabia qualify to the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia \| VIDEO Saudi Arabia has qualified to the world cup in Russia 2018 after beating Japan 1-0 in Jeddah. Fahad al-Muwalad secured the win after shooting a screamer in to the top corner of the Japanese goal in... FIFA approves black armbands for Al Ahly Ahly players will wear black armbands during the Club World Cup in Japan in memory of the 72 fans who died in February’s Port Said disaster. FIFA has agreed to the move. The Cairo giants will face the winner of Thursday’s curtain raiser between Japan’s Sanfrecce Hiroshima and New...	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line353
__label__cc	0.59601	0.40399	Aliens & strangers Reaching down into the deep state in Tennessee Aliens & strangers Cartels vs. liberty Right to travel January 21, 2018 1 David Tulis Commercial government, Liberty, Search & seizure, Welfare June Griffin of Dayton, Tenn., a matron of the constitution, is among the many tens of thousands of Tennesseans oppressed by the driver license statute. From left on the wall, the Declaration of Independence, a portrait of Patrick Henry and a copy of the 10 commandments. (Photo David Tulis) My reading in Tennessee law strongly indicates a general purpose of the modern state: To make private citizens public citizens, to transfer lawful private activities into the public realm, subject to supervision, taxation and licensure. By David Tulis / NoogaRadio 92.7 The state today is in a condition of senescence, its celebrated powers and integrity hollowed out by a century of warfare and prosperity-sapping welfare. Institutions such as the public school have lost their rationale and seem to be in a holding action to maintain the public trust rather than advancing any farther into the public realm with increased services and capital outlays. Tune in to the David Tulis show weekdays at 9 a.m. Still, the strength of the modern state is in its words, namely statutes and court rulings that keep the people in a position of subjection and fear. This assertion is true, even in the state of Tennessee, the Volunteer state, which has many fewer burdens and relatively less onerous claims by the state upon the people than other states do upon their subjects. Tennessee, in other words, is reputed to be among the freer and more business-friendly states. But my readings in the transportation statues in the past 6 months and court cases suggest that claims for liberty as against commercial government face an uphill battle. The transportation statue lets the state control its people. To exercise their liberty, to work, to run businesses, to affect worship and education, to bring about warmer human relations through public assembly, people have to travel on the highway to get from Point A to Point B. Travel and movement are an essential element of liberty, and are a crucial ingredient to the exercise of other liberties enumerated in the constitution, state or federal. However, the state through is commercial transportation statute has easy access to the people to bring them before the judges and to put them in prison for violations of law. Most people have their unpleasant encounters with the state along the highway and at traffic stops. The driver license has, in fact, become the state ID for most Americans. Since travel is an acute human need and practice, it is a universal human activity, yet when done by car is pretendedly put under state control. These laws are ignored by tens of thousands of people, and yet they have been enforced for years. They are the driver license statute, the financial responsibility law and the vehicle registration statute. They make common people subject to state management. The groups most negatively affected are, in short order, the poor, the black and the immigrant. They include also the dissenter, the American constitutionalist or patriot who believes he has unalienable rights from God to live, move, and work at liberty without the state’s permission or consent. Private person v. public My review of the statues are indicate there exists a distinction between the private person and the public person. In the area of movement, that distinction is between the traveler who travels as a matter of right, and the person involved in transportation. It may sound boring, but it is a area of lively interest to anybody who cares about constitutional government, political Liberties and legal rights. The government regulates commercial. The distinction between travel and transportation is vital to understanding the people’s low estate vis a vis the state itself. Private people travel on the highways. They go about their pleasure, pursue private goals and personal ambitions and are not accountable to anybody for their moving about in their motorcycles, cars and trucks. In contrast, the person who is involved in transportation is making a profit because he is moving goods or people for hire on the people asset, the roadway. He is bringing wear and tear to the road, and he is raising the risk to other people by moving his car goes about or traveling on very heavy trucks which need supervision and the weight of which reaches 25 or 30 tons. The state regulates trucking and transportation to ensure the people are safe. We are deprived of our liberty Through the instruments of commercial regulation, Nashville deprives the people of their liberty. The people are in a kind of bondage of which they are largely unaware. They have grown used to the fetters and assume that travel is incomprehensible, perilous, dangerous, and simply not possible in a civilized society apart from licensure and regulation. Juries convict defendants for commercial transportation crimes when prosecutors evoke the concept of mass danger if people were not in registered vehicles and not trackable through auto controls. The judges in Tennessee to a man are attorneys willing to overlook the mistake and deception. All of them are lawyers. Even lawyers in Nashville U.S. district court fighting the abuse of the driver license statute against the poor are refusing the confront the fundamental loss of rights by routine enforcement, and are only aggrieved at some of its results. “Judges *** are picked out from the most dextrous lawyers, who are grown old or lazy,” notes Jonathan Swift, “and having been biased all their lives against truth or equity, are under such a fatal necessity of favoring fraud, perjury and oppression, that I have known several of them to refuse a large bribe from the side where justice lay, rather than injure the faculty by doing any thing unbecoming their nature in office.” Appellate court judges are willing to curry favor with the state, their patron and signer of their paychecks. They largely have proven unwilling to see in past cases the interest of the people among the defendants and claimants who are asserting the right of travel. They are famous for using words of art, establishing legal fictions and avoiding recognition of the obvious. In the most recent case of this time, State of Tennessee vs. Arthur J. Hirsch, the government ignores the main claims in the distinction between travel and transportation. It instead focuses on procedural problems in the accused’s claims and in the motions of his appeal. Mr. Hirsch argues that the transportation is misapplied to him, a man traveling freely. It is fair to say that the Hirsch case is the most important case in Tennessee in the past 85 years. Mr. Hirsch, known as the Fiddle man of Lawrenceburg, is taking on both of transportation statute abuse and the Tennessee gun statue, the carrying a weapon “with intent to go armed” law that he argues is unconstitutionally vague. The system of judges using words of art is highlighted in a 2012 California case that pretends to eviscerate the right of travel in that state, arguments that are sure to be replicated as a Tennessee courts deal with Mr. Hirsch’s very well-presented arguments about not being a person involved in transportation, but rather being a private traveler on the roads in the state of Tennessee. In Barry S. Halajian v. D&B Towing et al, 209 Cal.App.4th 1 (2012) 146 Cal.Rptr.3d 646, the defendant appears to rephrase the proper questions about not being in commerce but being a private traveler. It’s possible he didn’t insist that he was exercising an unalienable right. Nonetheless even if he had raised that argument, it’s likely the court would simply have ignored it in the service of the compelling state interest doctrine of public safety and reasonable regulation. Are God’s people interested in liberty? In the Hirsch case, the appellant insists that he is exercising unalienable protected rights in the Tennessee Constitution that come from God. The judges whoever preconception about their roles and their maintenance of the state’s hegemony over the people will simply ignore these claims even if they are drawn straight in the Constitution. How can you have unalienable rights when there is a requirement for state government to regulate the people for the interest of safety? If these regulations are reasonable, who can stand against them? This condition is grievous to the people Tennessee, who are committed to not seeing the problem because of their rejection of God and their fear of men. This essay is not the place in which to deal with this question about the role of pietism and antinomianism in the Christian church. But it is fair to say that Christianity in Tennessee has not been aroused to defend what God has given to the people, if they would just live in fear of Him and not of men, and claim these ancient rights for the benefit of all, especially those in the the vulnerable classes. Christians should look again at their lost liberties representatively. They might graciously seek to defend these rights on account of whom their loss hurts the most. Whom does the loss of general legal rights hurt the most? It hurts the poor, the widow, the orphan and the stranger. These are the categories of people who are struck constantly by the transportation statute and by law enforcement in Tennessee. The Lord expects much of His people, and it is time to get to work fighting on these issues in terms of the gospel. We have become disconnected the claims of the gospel. Christians have ignored its requirement that we promote and fight for a society shaped by the judicial ethical system presented in the holy scriptures, which is this: If there is no body, there is no crime. If there is no injury, there is no offense. No one should fear the judge who is doing good, per Romans 13. God’s people should take an interest in these issues today. “For everyone to whom much is given, from him much will be required; and to whom much has been committed, of him they will ask the more.” Luke 12:48. Traffic controls rip poor, violate travelers’ rights, Hirsch says How Tennesseans could throw off shackles of police state imposed on highways State obliterates landmark, rips poor via ‘driver licensing’ regime 66% inmates in jail unconvicted as system ignores ‘guilty mind’ rule for prosecutions Church in Chattanooga & the ‘small-Godder’ problem Go to hell, judges tell Hispanics, others seeking to use TN roads freely Will Mayor Berke rule — or overrule — violent department? Strong hint from research: Chemical damages small children Best citizen tactic: give Miranda warning to yourself, attorney says East Ridge, Chattanooga should consider becoming safe havens from Title 55 John January 22, 2018 Reply A reply to June Griffin’s/David Tulis DEEP STATE essay. What is the real problem with the so-called DRIVERS LICENSE? Is this the problem caused by the people that operate our government? The answer is NO. The problem is millions and millions and millions of cars and trucks of all size and description going 60, 70, 80 miles an hour up and down the roads and highways that results in thousands and thousands of deaths and injuries. So people, not government, are the problem. The government is not running up and down the roads. I have never seen government driving a car or truck on the highway. It has always been people. IT’S A PEOPLE PROBLEM. We are the problem. The government has what are called “POLICE POWERS” for the purposes of protecting health and safety. Can government use its police power to force people to get a social security number when you can only get the number if you volunteer to get it? That is, before they will give you the privilege of using your auto on your roads? God forbid such nonsense. Should you be forced into their money license/privilege police power scheme before you can buy tobacco or alcohol products? Does the government have the police power to force you to pay a renewal fee to renew you license/privilege which has nothing, zero, to do with health or safety? It is simply another scheme to separate the people from their money. Can the government use its police powers to create a privilege? God forbid such nonsense. Does the government have the police power to create a national ID system? God forbid. These actions are what is called “GOVERNMENTAL EXPEDIENCY” A cheap way of doing business at the expense of the people’s God-given rights. The problem is that we go along with all this nonsense for whatever reason. A great majority of the people never give a moment’s thought to what is happening. Give the government an inch and it ends up taking a mile. STOP CONSENTING TO ALL THIS UNLAWFUL NONSENSE. There are other ways to go about taking care of the issues that come up over the use of the roads and highway problems, but the government should not get rich off them. A person would be a fool that would choose to get out on a highway without some rules and regulations for the safe use of the roads. The government’s rules and regulation, its money-grubbing system ain’t getting the job done.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line355
__label__cc	0.745838	0.254162	Guest Blog by Tintin: Book Review - Wish Upon A Horse by Maggie Dana This is an absolutely marvellous book. It is very hard to believe that we are actually up to No.4 in the Timber Ridge series. It is fully up to the standard of the other three. Timber Ridge books are consistently almost as good as the sisters at their best, and I cannot praise more highly than that. “Wish Upon a Horse” is basically an exciting story of show jumping and has more than enough action in, and outside, the ring to keep those who dream of success at this game happy. It is, however, also so much more. To me the strong spine on which the great charm and effectiveness of the Timber Ridge stories rest is the well constructed central core of characters. Not only is each character individual, well drawn, interesting and believable, but they fit together as a group which facilitates the creation of a huge variety of convincing dramatic scenes and scenarios. The start of the book is perhaps a little slower than the other three, but as this is a well developed series it allows those who are perhaps coming in new at book 4 to familiarise themselves. For us established fans it just builds up the sense of curiosity as to what they will do next and there is a certain comfort factor in just being a "fly on the wall" at Timber Ridge. I will try hard not to give away too much, but as a lot of the thrills and charms of the book are in the situations that is not too easy. Basically Kate has the money she made from her film riding and is wanting to buy a horse. Though this is quite a large amount of money she soon finds it does n’t go far. Through a couple of scrapes she secures the (eventually) beautiful mare Tapestry. This is a lovely story and a lot happens before the two of them can stay together. Readers of the other stories will not be surprised where Tapestry came from, but there are still plenty of surprises about her. The romance with the film star continues as does the bickering with Angela the villain. There is a really good twist in the story with Angela which surprised me, which will probably surprise other readers even more. There is also a well drawn encounter with the darker side of show jumping. Readers will be pleased that the distinctive humour of these books is still in place. Timber Ridge is in many ways very contemporary (also very US) and I cannot vouch for the accuracy of the cultural and techno stuff, but it rang true to me. Also it did n’t alienate me (middle aged, British and techno phobe) and was totally natural and integral to the story. Well worth reading. Two personal notes. Firstly, though I read this on Kindle I will be getting an actual paper back edition. I do not often buy books as artefacts, but this series is so nice I want a matching set. The art work is good. Even better the books have a good size and feeling for handling and the print size is great for reading. Secondly, I LOVED Pardner. I could picture him – just my sort of horse! Although he only had a cameo role can he come back? The sort of horse who won’t let you down in field or stable. The ladies were very unkind about his looks and I think he should show them up. Perhaps his own book would be too much to ask? You can vote for the book on the ponymadbooklovers chat forum reviews section Book Review - Too Many Ponies by Sheena Wilkinson This was an exciting review for me for a number of reasons. First, because the author's earlier pony novel Taking Flight was one of the best I have read in recent years and I was really looking forward to reading her first pony book for younger reader, but also because I was in the enviable position of being able to read and review the book before it was in the shops from a proof copy and was asked to provide a quote for the book cover. It was nice to be a part (albeit an extremely little part) of the publishing process. Plus the author has very kindly thanked the users of the website/readers of this blog for their support in the acknowledgments section of the book. So thanks for the thanks Sheena! But enough of the blether and here is the actual review..... Lucy keeps her pony stabled at Rosevale, a horse sanctuary run by her friend Aiden's dad (who is in fact Declan of the author's earlier novels, Taking Flight and Grounded!) The children, although dissimilar in character - Lucy brash and outgoing; Aiden quiet and cautious - are friends, united by their love of horses. However when the pair move up into the comprehensive school things begin to change. Lucy is drawn to the glam (but shallow) world of the posh stables frequented by the horsy girls she meets at the school, whilst Aiden is bullied for his love of ponies. When an eccentric newcomer to the district organises an eventing competition, Rosevale decides to put together a team in order to try and win much needed money. But the strain of the competition causes more problems. Aiden finds his small store of confidence ebbing away and begins to lose his nerve, whilst Lucy becomes so wrapped up in the idea of winning and looking good she forgets the true purpose of the competition and puts a pony in danger. Can both children overcome their problems in time for the big event? Or is disaster just around the corner? Sheena Wilkinson’s earlier pony novels, Taking Flight and Grounded, were aimed at the young adult market. Both were compelling page-turning reads, full of gritty realism. When I found out a few months ago that the author was writing a pony story for younger readers I was happy to hear it, as that particular niche in the market is sadly over-populated by third rate pony stories and desperately needs more well written, intelligent novels to offer to young pony mad readers. Too Many Ponies certainly lived up to my expectations. Ostensibly it’s a fairly standard competition type plot in which a team of riders go through the usual trials and tribulations of preparing and then taking part in a big event. However there is plenty of meat on the bare bones of this plot which will get young readers thinking at the same time as they are enjoying the story. Although not quite as gritty or psychologically complex as her works for older children – which is to be expected given the younger readership the book is aimed at - this story is certainly full of realism and depth. It tackles serious issues such as bullying and losing confidence in oneself. The competitive element is also tempered by the backdrop of the horse sanctuary where most of the story takes place – this gives a nice rounded view of ponies as not just winning machines, but living creatures which need care and love - and thus prevents the rather hard-nosed, unsavoury attitude which can overtake many a competition plot line. The writing itself is of a high quality and superior to most books in the genre. It is easy to see how Sheena Wilkinson is one of the few writers of equine fiction to appear on the ‘mainstream radar’ and win awards. But for me the real excellence of the book is provided by the two superbly drawn main characters. Like the author’s first horse novel, Taking Flight, the book follows the fortunes of both a male and female lead character. First of all brownie points to the author for once again giving a male prominence in a pony story. This is something that is sadly rare in a modern pony book, especially one for younger readers. I have had more than one parent complain to me that there is not much on offer nowadays for their male horse-mad children. Too Many Ponies however, with its excellent male character Aiden, will appeal to boys as well as girls. Again, as in Taking Flight, the male lead Aiden is actually more sympathetic and likeable than the female. Aiden is a great character and both girls and boys will warm to him immediately. His character is wrapped up in the whole issue of masculine identity. Unlike America, where riding is actually seen as highly masculine (and rightly so considering the element of danger involved!), in the UK ponies have always been considered mainly the province of the female species. This has been exacerbated in recent years, with the preponderance of fluffy, glittery stories about magic ponies and the equally female fashion for dressing up ponies in colours to match outfits (a fashion that is actually amusingly castigated in Too Many Ponies). This can be a big problem for male horse-lovers, whose favourite past-time may even be considered cissy. Too Many Ponies delves into this dilemma as Aiden becomes bullied at school for his love of ponies and is dubbed 'My Little Pony Boy', with the brilliant metaphor of a pink pony (the symbol of all that is girly in ponies and pony books) causing devastating damage to his ego. The bullies’ assault on Aiden’s masculinity is compounded by his own worry that he is a coward, as he begins to lose his nerve for jumping. In the book, he must overcome both these external and internal obstacles to prove that he can be a real boy and love ponies at the same time. This battle provides much of the interest of the story. The character of Lucy, although less sympathetic than Aiden, is perhaps more complex and her storyline more subtle. Whilst Aiden has a lack of confidence in himself, she has rather too much and is in danger of turning into the sort of brash unfeeling teenager I have seen in many recent pony novels, in which winning or looking good on your horse seems to matter more than the horse itself. Near the beginning of the book she feels exasperated by the fact that keeping her pony on a rescue farm means that she is constantly reminded of the fact that ponies are being hurt and mistreated. She wants to bury her head in the sand and forget these problems and just have fun with her pony. She is drawn to the rather shallow but ostensibly fun and glamourous lifestyle of the stables at Sunnyside Farm where the girls, led by the deliciously snotty Jade, are colour co-cordinated with their ponies and won’t even allow pony-less children into their club. When Lucy extols the virtues of Sunnyside to her parents, her mum replies that it “sounds revolting” and hopefully the reader will agree! Very cleverly the author has made Jade the sister of one of Aiden’s bullies. As Aiden’s confidence in himself is undermined by the bullies, so Jade and her friends also threaten to exacerbate Lucy’s own slight faults of selfishness and shallowness, and turn her into something akin to a pony book anti-heroine. The idea of winning the riding competition in order to raise money for the sanctuary becomes lost in the desire to win for its own sake. Lucy becomes more selfish and risks her pony’s health and the team itself in order to give herself a chance to shine. With a lesser author this might turn us off the character, but Sheena Wilkinson has dropped enough little clues into the story so that we realise there is enough good left in Lucy to redeem her. We root for her growing realization of her faults and her eventual salvation, just as we root for Aiden to regain his confidence and overcome the bullies. The character of Erin is also a very interesting addition to the cast. She is something of a foil to Lucy, being the actual archetypal heroine of the pony novel: pony-less but pony mad, not overly brash and kind. In making her a minor female character and Lucy the main, the author has gone a little outside the comfort zone of a traditional pony book, but her innovative move works really well. The reader recognizes Erin’s worth and compares her to Lucy. And knows that Erin should be Lucy’s friend and role model rather than the obnoxious Jade - who represents all that is bad in a horsy girl (and indeed in horsy novels per se). However despite the depth of the characters and their problems in Too Many Ponies, this does not mean the story is at all slow or ponderous. The pace is fast enough to keep readers interested throughout and the story intriguing enough to keep those pages turning. There is plenty of varied equine action: rescued ponies, cross country training and the competition itself. The fact that many of the problems of the two children are universal (bullying, lack of confidence, making wrong decisions) will ensure that the book will also appeal to readers outside of the genre, and like the author’s previous equine stories I think this one will also gain prominence outside of the pony book genre. If you have already read Taking Flight and Grounded there is also another reason to read this book - you will be pleased to re-acquaint yourself with the character of Declan who appears here in a supporting role as Aiden's father. Although, as I said earlier, because it is aimed at a younger readership it may not have the complexity of those novels, it has enough depth and is well written enough to be read by the same age group as those who enjoyed Declan’s earlier adventures. Sheena Wilkinson has avoided making the book too babyish or simplistic, or of under-estimating the intelligence of her young readers. And just as older readers will be able to appreciate Too Many Ponies, so will it’s younger readers be able to move on to Taking Flight and Grounded as they grow a little older, and will enjoy finding out the background of the character of Declan. For me, this is certain to be one of the best pony stories of the year for younger horse-lovers. Given the tendency for many authors of modern pony stories to take the easy route and spice up a hastily cobbled together story with a thick masking-coat of glamour or sensationalism, there are precious few pony books being written now which tell a traditional pony story in an interesting and thoughtful way, whilst at the same time keeping readers turning the pages, eager to find what happens next. Sheena Wilkinson has achieved this feat. For this age group certainly, there aren’t too many pony stories around as good as Too Many Ponies! And unlike many books in the genre today, the book will appeal to both girls and boys. A highly recommended read for all. I would rate this book as 5 horseshoes - EXCELLENT You can vote for the book and read comments on the ponymadbooklovers chat forum review section Guest Blog by Tintin: Book Review - Wish Upon A Ho...	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line357
__label__wiki	0.743017	0.743017	Kitsap Crime and Justice Kitsap Crime and Justice The Kitsap Sun staff writes about crime and criminal justice issues. Tag Archives: Shawn Delaney Wendy Davis, Bremerton police sergeant, heads north for Poulsbo’s deputy chief gig josh farley It’s official: Wendy Davis, a 16-year Bremerton police officer, is headed north to take the reins of Poulsbo Police’s deputy chief position. Davis, 44, has been a sergeant in Bremerton nine years and is currently the head of the police officer’s union. She’ll fill a position that’s been vacant since the beginning of this year, after Shawn Delaney took a voluntary separation agreement during city cost-cutting. “It’s a great opportunity,” Davis said. “I’m looking forward to it.” Poulsbo Police Chief Dennis Swiney said Davis will have a lot of projects in the new role, most notably running the day to day operations of the department, which consists of 16 commissioned officers. The months-long hiring process was competitive, he added; about 40 cops applied. “She brings a lot of experience and local exposure, and is very professional,” Swiney said. “I think she’ll be a good fit to move the Poulsbo Police Department forward.” The position pays $87,811. Davis will conclude her time in Bremerton later this month. She starts in Poulsbo Nov. 2. She’ll be sworn in the same night at the Poulsbo city council meeting, Swiney said. Davis, who graduated from high school in Brookings, Ore., went into the Marine Corps and was stationed at Camp Pendleton in California. Her first husband, Ron Davis, was also in the corps and then into law enforcement. He was ultimately killed in the line of duty, responding to a domestic violence call. She herself got into law enforcement after moving to Kitsap County, become a Bremerton reserve officer in 1992. She was hired full time in 1995. At the department, she met her husband-to-be, Mark Thompson, who is still a sergeant there. This year, Davis has been in the spotlight as head of the police officer’s union during the surfacing of controversial incidents involving police officers with an explorer. She also serves on the Kitsap County Fair board. As the photo indicates, she’s won a Healthy Tomorrow award for her involvement in the community. There’ll be a lot to learn in her new job but she said she’s ready for it. “It’s going to be a transition,” she said, “But it’ll be a good change.” FOLLOWUP: Here’s the letter Poulsbo Police Chief Dennis Swiney sent out Tuesday morning pertaining to Davis’ hiring: Poulsbo Police Hire Wendy Davis October 18, 2011 Issues in Law EnforcementBremerton Police Department, Camp Pendleton, Dennis Swiney, deputy chief, Mark Thompson, Poulsbo Police Department, Shawn Delaney, United States Marine Corps, Wendy Davis UPDATE: Driving + Cell Phone + Ear = $124 Ticket The era of holding up a cell phone to your ear while driving in Washington is over. Granted, it had been illegal for a couple years, but beyond the reach of the cops if drivers were obeying all other laws. Texting, too, is out. And don’t pull over to talk on the shoulder, because that’s not safe, either. Even the police say they’ll limit time on the phone while driving, even though they’re exempt from the law. Will some continue to drive around talking and texting, ultimately disregarding the law? I suppose, but judging by the strong words from our local law enforcement leaders, I’d say it’s a habit that’s going the way of the Dodo. “In an effort to protect the public and cut accidents we will be enforcing this law the day it goes into effect,” said Shawn Delaney, deputy chief of the Poulsbo Police Department. But even if it’s enforced from the get-go, Al Townsend, chief of the Port Orchard Police Department, points out that his office is not planning any type of emphasis patrols. A cell phone violation will be weighed like any other. “Officers will maintain the same discretion they have on any traffic infraction as to whether they will stop and warn the driver or write a citation,” he said. But the police, too, have noticed this law has been extensively covered in the press. “The Mason County Sheriff’s Office is very much aware of the extraordinary amount of media coverage this law has had so we do not anticipate an education period for motorists violating this law,” said Dean Byrd, Mason County Sheriff’s spokesman. We already know, however, what the state patrol’s plans are. They will likely be the police agency that focuses on this new law most. UPDATE: Monday, June 14: I heard back from Kitsap County Sheriff Steve Boyer. Here are some of his observations: “We are essentially on the same page with the (state) patrol. Thanks to the media attention, the educational component is well placed. As previously reported, even with the law enforcement exemption, we have provided the essential tools for our people to set a good example. There will be those who want to argue; however, it is just common sense (with a strong research foundation); too bad legislation is required to modify human behavior. Besides, why would good people want to risk hurting anyone? It was interesting to me how many fewer people were using cell phones today (Thursday, the first day of the law) than yesterday.” June 14, 2010 Crimefighting (News you can use), Roadway SafetyAl Townsend, Dean Byrd, Highway patrol, Kitsap County Sheriff, Mason County Sheriff's Office, media attention, Port Orchard Police Department, Poulsbo Police Department, Shawn Delaney, Steve Boyer Do you support stricter gun laws? Washington State Crime Statistics Special Reports on Crime and Public Safety Bullies with Bandwidth: The New Age of Cyberbullying Do Traffic Tickets Make the Roads Safer? Grand Theft Kitsap How Earned Release Time is Calculated for Inmates Is Civil Commitment for Sex Offenders Still Worthwhile? Kitsap Peninsula's Unsolved Homicides Kitsapers Packing Heat for Their Peace of Mind Marijuana Patients Caught in a Cloud of Confusion Opportunity Theft Roadside Memorials at a Crossroads Sex Offender Registration: How Wide a Net Do We Cast? The Death Penalty and its Endless Appeals Process Through the Eyes of an ID Thief Latest Code 911 Subscribe to Kitsap Crime & Justice news andybinion on Man who pleaded to L & I fraud for BMX racing says there is another side to the story Brandie on Four found dead after Lake Tahuya house fire were murdered David Woods on ‘Receipts’ now available to show debt to society has been paid John Haydon on Ferry fights may be more legend than fact Ron on Ferry fights may be more legend than fact 'Good Time' Policy Animal Crimes Border Patrol Issues Crime and Justice: How to … Crime in the Military Crime reporter's notebook Crime Tech Crimefighting (News you can use) Drugs, Alcohol and Tobacco Fire Investigations Guest Column: Stan Glisson Issues in Law Enforcement Jail/Prison Issues Judicial Elections Law Enforcement in Schools Law in Focus Legal Conundrums Missing Person Searches prescription opiate abuse Public Defense Seen on the Street sex offender issues Social Media and the Courts The Death Penalty The Great Marijuana Debate The Gun Debate Vehicle Prowls Violent Crime Focus Weeks in Review Why the Cops?	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line360
__label__cc	0.534381	0.465619	Aloe gariepensis Aloe gariepensis Pillans Family: Asphodelaceae Common names: Gariep aloe, Orange River aloe Aloe gariepensis is a very hardy aloe from the arid regions of South Africa and Namibia and is restricted to the lower reaches of the Gariep River also known as the Orange River. Aloe gariepensis is a tough plant that varies in size from small and stemless forms to larger plants of up to a metre, in which case the stems can be short and erect. Plants are usually solitary but groups are not uncommon. The leaves are lanceolate and arranged in dense rosettes which sometimes curve inward, especially during hot and dry conditions. The leaves are characteristically striped due to numerous longitudinal lines along the entire length of the leaf surfaces. Usually leaves are copiously spotted on both sides in young plants with some spots remaining on the upper surface in mature plants. Leaf surfaces are free from thorns but the margins are horny and armed with pungent reddish-brown triangular teeth 2-3 mm long. The inflorescence is a single, narrowly oblong raceme 80-120 cm high (a raceme is an inflorescence in which flowers are borne on stalks on a simple (unbranched) axis). The racemes are yellow to greenish-yellow, or sometime the buds are red and the open flowers yellow, giving an attractive bicoloured effect. The flowers are relatively short-lived, and tubular but widening towards the mouth. The long floral bracts hide the young buds almost entirely. Aloe gariepensis has a fairly varying flowering range from early July to September. Aloe gariepensis is widespread and occurs in fairly large numbers in a remote area in an inaccessible habitat, and is therefore not threatened. Aloe gariepensis has a restricted distribution on both sides of the Gariep River which marks the boundary between Namibia and Northern Cape Province of South Africa. In these arid environments the plants occur from 150 to 800 m above sea level and prefer steep rocky slopes and crevices which in extreme cases are associated with desolate and barren conditions void of other perennials. Populations are scattered throughout the Nama and Succulent Karoo from Keimoes westwards to as far as the Gariep River mouth. The genus name Aloe is derived from the Arabic, Alloch and translated as Allal in Greek and Hebrew, literally meaning 'bitter' or 'bitter sap' which is descriptive of Aloe sap. The specific name gariepensis is very appropriate as it refers to the natural home of the species namely the Gariep River Valley hence gariepensis. When Simon van der Stel's expedition visited the Copper Mountains near the present site of Springbok in 1685, the "Great River" was known to the Namaquas as the Gariep or Eijn , hence Aloe gariepensis bears one of the earliest known names of the Orange River area. Aloe gariepensis produces nectar and is pollinated by sunbirds as well as winged and crawling insects such as ants which are small enough to enter the flower tube in which the nectar is stored. After fertilisation, the fruits, which are capsules, grow quickly and split into 3 parts at the end of the summer. The seeds are small, up to 4 mm long and slightly winged, enabling them to be dispersed by the wind. Seeds germinate readily inside the protection of rock crevices and small bushes or shrubs. These nurse situations provide a microclimate that enables seedlings to survive until strong enough to withstand the hot and dry conditions of the desert. At maturity plants are very tough and can survive often for several seasons without water, at which point the leaves turn a reddish colour, a sign generally associated with stress. A completely incurved rosette, which is also a sign of drought and sun stress, allows the plant to protect its youngest most sensitive growth tip. When conditions become favourable, the rosette opens again allowing active growth. Groups of A. gariepensis are often found in places inhabited by hyraxes, otherwise known as Rock dassies ( Procavia capensis ). The droppings of these cuddly-looking mammals, whose closest relatives are elephants, can easily be seen in close proximity to colonies of A. gariepensis and A. pearsonii . It is known that the roots and stems of these plants serve as a source of moisture or food. Apart from Klipspringer ( Oreotragus oreotragus ) and Rock dassies that occasionally eat the roots and stems of the plant, there are no records of uses of this species. However, as with other aloes, the yellow bitter sap in the leaves can be used as a laxative and to heal wounds. On the other hand, the horticultural value of Aloe gariepensis in gardens goes without saying although this particular species has proven difficult in cultivation. It is a very well known and established plant in gardens especially those of keen succulent growers who can afford special attention and care to this species. It must be emphasized that A. gariepensis struggles away from its natural home, and to be grown successfully it needs hot weather. Far better success is reached when plants are grown in pots as this allows more control over the conditions surrounding the plant. For optimal flowering, remember to plant A. gariepensis in the full sun. Raised rock gardens that allow good drainage are the best situations for these plants. Growing Aloe gariepensis Growing Aloe gariepesis is best achieved through seeds, and slow integration into the garden or containers is essential. Seeds must be sown as fresh as possible. When kept too long they are parasitised by small crawling insects. The best time for sowing would be in the late summer before winter sets in. This is normally around February-May. Use coarse river sand and cover seeds lightly, then keep moist. It is advisable to treat seeds with a long lasting fungicide, as seedlings are prone to damping off, a fungus that eventually kills the young plants. Simply shake seeds in a container with some fungicide. After germination, when plants are about 20-30 mm high, re-plant seedlings using a sandy loam medium and feed with organic fertilizer at least once a quarter to ensure healthy growth. If you have a garden with clay soil, use some agricultural lime and bone meal to break up and nourish the soil. Mature plants in cultivation may at times be subjected to attack from scale and aphids. For scale an oil-based solution can be used, even soapy water has proven effective against scale, but the best results are obtained by physically removing scale using a cloth. Contact insecticides usually work well but for heavy infestations a systemic application may be necessary. All known garden pests can be kept to a minimum by simply ensuring optimal growing conditions and healthy plants. Companion aloes to Aloe gariepensis include A. melanacantha, A. claviflora, A. falcata, A. pearsonii, A. dichotoma, A. dichotoma subsp . ramosissima, and A. arenicola. Other plants to consider are Lampranthus multiradiatus, L. aureus, L. reptans, Pelargonium echinatum, P. xerophytum, P. spinosum, P. sericifolia, P. crithmifolium, Tripteris oppositifolium, Stoeberia arborea, Gazania krebsiana, Hermannia saccifera and Oscularia deltoides. Larger succulents like Tylecodon paniculatus, Cyphostemma juttae and Cotyledon orbiculata are also fantastic choices. Court, D, 1981. Succulent flora of Southern Africa . Balkema, Cape Town. Cowling, R.& Pierce, S, 1999. Namaqualand. A succulent desert . Fernwood Press, Cape Town. Carter, S., Lavranos, J., Newton, L.& Walker, C. 2011. Aloes. The definitive guide . Kew Publishing, UK. Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds) 2003. Plants of southern Africa : an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria. Jackson, W P U, 1990. Origins and meanings of South African plant genera . UCT Ecolab, Cape Town. Leistner, O.A. 2005. Seed plants of southern tropical Africa . SABONET, Pretoria. Nichols, G. 2005. Growing rare plants, a practical handbook on propagating the treatened plants of southern Africa . Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 36. SABONET, Pretoria . Reynolds, G.W. 1950. The aloes of South Africa . The Aloes of South Africa Book Fund, Johannesburg. Stearn, W.T. 2003. Stearn's dictionary of plant names for the gardener . Cassel, UK. Smith, C.A. 1966. Common names of South African plants. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No. 35. Van Wyk, B.-E. & Gericke, N. 2000. People's plants. A guide to useful plants of southern Africa . Briza Publications, Pretoria. Van Wyk, B-E. & Smith, G. 1996. Guide to the aloes of South Africa . Briza Publications, Pretoria. Van Jaarsveld, E., Van Wyk, B-E. & Smith, G. 2000. Succulents of South Africa . Cape Town , Tafelberg Van Wyk, A.E. & Smith, G. 2001. Regions of floristic endemism. Umdaus Press, Hatfield. Williamson, G. 2000. Richtersveld. The enchanted wilderness . Umdaus Press, Hatfield. Werner Voigt Karoo Desert National Botanical Garden Plant Type: Shrub, Succulent SA Distribution: Northern Cape Soil type: Sandy Flowering season: Spring, Winter Flower colour: Green, Red, Yellow Gardening skill: Challenging Attracts birds Feature plant Feeds honeybees	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line361
__label__wiki	0.60994	0.60994	The Fantasticks Poster Design by Melanie Fabrizius Book & Lyrics by Tom Jones Music by Harvey Schmidt Based on Les Romanesques by Edmund Rostand Directed by Gerry Roe September 11-13, 18-20, 25-26, in the Roebling Theatre THE FANTASTICKS CAST LIST!!! El Gallo – Q Staton Luisa – Lorraine Maddox Matt – Dylan Petit Hucklebee – Dan Struckman Bellomy – Jim Patterson Henry – Michael McCallum Mortimer – Loren Hart The Mute – Jordyn Armstrong The Fantasticks is the longest-running musical in the world, and with good reason: at the heart of its breathtaking poetry and subtle theatrical sophistication is a purity and simplicity that transcends cultural barriers. The result is a timeless fable of love that manages to be nostalgic and universal at the same time. The Fantasticks is a funny and romantic musical about a boy, a girl, and their two fathers who try to keep them apart. The narrator, El Gallo, asks the audience to use their imagination and follow him into a world of moonlight and magic. The boy and the girl fall in love, grow apart, and finally find their way back to each other after realizing the truth in El Gallo’s words that “without a hurt, the heart is hollow”. The famous score, which includes the classics Try To Remember, They Were You and Soon It’s Gonna Rain, is as timeless as the story itself. Presented with permission by Music Theatre International (MTI). Longtime Billings director Gerry Roe revisits ‘The Fantasticks’ By Jaci Webb Photos by: Bob Zellar of the Billings Gazette From left, Loren Hart, Lorraine Maddox, Jordyn Armstrong, Q Staton, Dylan Petit and Michael McCallum offer a taste of the action of “The Fantasticks” during a rehearsal for the musical at the NOVA Center. Gerry Roe just can’t seem to shake “The Fantasticks.” And that’s a good thing. His first taste of the musical came in 1969, when he auditioned for the role of Bellomy in the Hollywood production, and ended up performing it six days a week for eight months. Since that time, Roe has directed three other productions of the musical. When the curtains go up at the NOVA Center for the Performing Arts on Friday night for opening night, it will be the fourth version of the show that Roe has directed. “The basic significance of this show evokes a deep-rooted truth in my personal life, ‘Without a hurt, the heart is hollow.’” So Roe’s plans to take a recess from directing were shot down. “After some deliberation, I decided that a chance to re-visit this old friend could not be shunned,” Roe said. “My only hope… that the lessons taught in this delightful musical will touch your lives as much as they have mine.” The show includes the memorable score, featuring “Try To Remember,” “They Were You” and “It’s Gonna Rain.”	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line362
__label__cc	0.657602	0.342398	By adminPosted on February 26, 2019 Lk21 \| Bioskop Gratis \| Visitor88.info \| Lords of Chaos (2019) \| Okemovies Lords of Chaos (2019) Genre: Biography, Drama, Horror Quality: HDripYear: 2019Duration: 118 MinView: 312 views Lords of Chaos (2019).In the 1980s, a young guitarist called Euronymous forms a black metal band called Mayhem, the first of the genre in their country of Norway, with Necrobutcher, Manheim and Maniac on bass, drums and vocals. Maniac and Manheim leave and are soon replaced by new drummer Hellhammer and a new vocalist from Sweden called Dead, who exhibits self-destructive behavior, which he portrays during their live shows by cutting himself and bleeding on the audience, and throwing pig heads at the “posers”. At a show filmed by their friend Metalion, the band meets a fan named Varg Vikernes, whom Euronymous initially looks down on. While home alone, Dead uses his personal knife to cut his arms and throat, and then uses Euronymous’ shotgun to shoot himself in the forehead, leaving behind a suicide note. Euronymous returns home and finds the body but instead of calling the police, he takes photos of the body and moves the knife and shotgun around. After Dead’s body is taken away, Euronymous collects skull pieces to make necklaces; this disgusts Necrobutcher, prompting him to leave the band. Soon after, Euronymous opens a record shop called Helvete (“Hell”), which becomes a social hub for black-metallers like Varg of Burzum, Fenriz of Darkthrone, Faust of Emperor, and Metalion. They become known as the “Black Circle”. After being mocked by an ego-driven Euronymous, Varg uses his anti-Christian beliefs as motivation to burn down a local church. When approached by Varg concerning his status as the leader of the Black Circle, Euronymous burns down a church with Faust and Varg accompanying. Cast: Adrian Mills, Andrew Lavelle, Anette Martinsen, Anthony De La Torre, Emory Cohen, Jack Kilmer, James Edwin, Jonathan Barnwell, Lucian Charles Collier, Rory Culkin, Sam Coleman, Sky Ferreira, Valter Skarsgård, Wilson Gonzalez Ochsenknecht Director: Jonas Åkerlund Country: Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom Release: 8 Feb 2019 About Time 2018 Drama, Fantasy, Romance, Korea 21 May 2018 Kim Hyung-sik Saving Leningrad 2019 Action, Drama, War, Russian Federation 7 Feb 2019 Alexey Kozlov Uri: The Surgical Strike 2019 Action, Drama, War, India 11 Jan 2019 Aditya Dhar, Eshaan Phadnis, Hardik Sadhwani, Manuja Tyagi, Paarth Harish Joshi, Sagar Ambre, Sonal Bhardwaj, Suhaib Rao The Standoff at Sparrow Creek 2019 Crime, Drama, Thriller, USA 18 Jan 2019 Henry Dunham Posted in Biography, Drama, Horror, HDrip, Norway, Sweden, United KingdomTagged based on novel or book, based on true events, black metal, music band, semi-biographical	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line366
__label__cc	0.749391	0.250609	Kenya believe it? In 1943, Felice Benuzzi, an Italian civil servant who had been detained at a British POW camp at the foot of Mt. Kenya, and two others escaped after months of careful planning. The sole purpose of their breakout was to fulfill a quest to summit nearby Mt. Kenya. For months they made improvised mountaineering equipment in the POW camp as they tested escape plans. Upon escaping, they spent nearly three weeks hiking from the desert-like base to the frozen summit through jungles replete with big game. As avid mountaineers, Felice and his comrades found this expedition a splendid disruption to the tedium of prison life. Upon completion of their adventure, to the great astonishment of the camp commandant, they broke back into Camp 304. They were sentenced to twenty-eight days of solitary confinement which was commuted to seven days by the commandant to acknowledge their “sporting effort.” Felice, a lawyer by training, fully accepted the consequences of the risk he assumed both on the mountain and when he descended it. Disruptive behavior like Felice’s is flavor of the month in the investment world as “pushing the envelope”, a visually peculiar metaphor, pervades private equity marketing presentations. This pushing, deemed to be virtuous by fiat, is seldom examined for its risk. Unrelated Business Taxable Income (UBTI) was a concept first pursued by the IRS when a group of wealthy alumni donated Mueller Macaroni Company to the NYU School of Law to help fund its operations. The IRS argued that making pasta was not part of the tax exempt activity at the law school. Congress agreed and deemed such income as UBTI (full disclosure: I am a large consumer of Mueller’s elbow macaroni). The practice of using credit lines by PE firms arose to bridge the short ten-day period between funding and receipt of a capital call. The IRS has blessed this practice, via private letter rulings, as not constituting UBTI. However, in recent years the credit lines have become IRR liposuction and are not repaid for much longer periods than a Kardashian marriage (72 days) as Funds keep balances outstanding for a year or more to enhance IRR. To what risks are the Funds exposed? The IRS can deem all income of the Fund associated with the debt financing taxable. Receipt of UBTI income may also make tax exempt investors subject to an IRS audit from which they had been exempt. Use of fee waivers can be pursued as another source of UBTI if the IRS has been led to examine a Fund which employs such leverage. Felice would be nodding at the acceptance of consequences. Contrary to the belief that the largest risk constituted by use of credit lines is having to purge the fund’s performance of any leverage benefit, the liability for UBTI could have a profound effect on both IRR and on net cash flow to investors. A rumor has been circulating that legislators are thinking of beginning the three year hold period for carried interest at the later of 1) when a Fund’s capital is drawn and invested, or 2) when a portfolio asset is purchased. This change may serve to adjust the risk-reward equation for some PE fund managers. Kenya believe it?	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line368
__label__wiki	0.549247	0.549247	THE BHARAT SCOUTS & GUIDES 1. The Scouting Movement was conceptualized as far back as 1890 by Lord Baden Powell and the first Scout Camp was organized in 1907. Initially, Scouting was a movement intended for the benefit of British boys. In or around the year 1911, a corresponding movement was started for girls and came to be known as the Guide Movement. In India, the Scouts Movement started in 1909 and the Guide Movement in 1911. The Scouts and Guides movement in India has an illustrious history. The movement initially started under different names and different provinces in India such as the Sewa Samiti Scouts Association, The All India Boys Scouts etc. several stalwarts of various fields of public life in India have been associated with the Scouts and Guides movements in India in different points of time. Some of the public figures actively associated with the movement including Mr. Vivian Bose, Dr. Annie Besant, Dr. G.S. Arundale, Shri V.K.Krishna Menon, Shri S.V. Kamat, Sri K.B. Godrej, Mr. Rustomji, Dr. Mohan Singh Mehta, Shri Janaki Saran Verma, Pandit H.N. Kunzru, Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya, Mr. Justice M. Hidayatullah, etc. 2. That at the time of independence, there are mainly 2(two) boys Scouts Associations, namely, “Boys Scouts Association” and “Hindustan Scouts Association”, and one All India Girl Guide Association. Efforts were made by Lord Baden Powell, the Founder of the Movement, at the instance of Lord Chelmsford, the then Viceroy of India, in 1920-21 and again in 1937-38 to unify different Associations. Efforts could not be succeed because the Indian Associations could not owe allegiance to the Crown as desired by the then regime. After the independence of the country incessant efforts were made by the National Leaders of the time like Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the then Prime Minister of India. On 29th May 1948, an informal meeting was conducted and presided over by the then Education Minister, Mr. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. It was stressed that Scout/Guide organization be free of any taint of political or communal partisanship and there would be unification of the movement. Ultimately, after a long discussion, representatives of the two pioneer associations, existing at that time, decided to set up a committee with Dr. Tarachand, Secretary, Ministry of Education as Chairman and Commander G.H. Nicholla, Deputy Private Secretary to the Governor General as a Member to work out the details of the amalgamations. 3. That the name of the organization was evolved and agreed upon after many deliberations. The Constitution of India has accepted the name “Bharat” as an alternative name of India. It was, therefore, agreed that the merged organization would be registered under the name “Bharat Scouts & Guides” to form a singly National Scouts and Guides Movement. The merger had the blessings of the late Chief Guides Lady Baden Powell. The merged organization’s new name came to be registered and incorporated under the name and style of Bharat Scouts and Guides on 6th November, 1950 under the Societies Registration Act (Act XXI of 1860). The merger of two organizations came into effect on 7th November, 1950. The amalgamation was pursuant to a meeting convened under Societies Registration Act dated 24th October, 1950. (A Photocopy of the certificate of Registration is enclosed herewith as Annexure-1). The All India Girl Guide Association merged with the Bharat Scouts and Guides later in August, 1951. 4. The Bharat Scouts & Guides is the largest voluntary, non-political, uniformed Youth Organization and educational Movement in the Country working in the field of character building of the young boys and girls, without any distinction of caste, creed and religion. While, there were several Scout Organizations and a separate Girl Guide Association functioning in India during the pre-independence era. The Bharat Scouts & Guides came into existence on November 7, 1950 as a single joint Organization of Scouts as well as Guides. This could happen as a consequence of merger of Boy Scouts Association of India, Hindustan Scouts Association and the Girl Guides Association under the guidance of the then the leaders of the country like Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Dr. H.N.Kunzru, Justice Hidyatullah, Sir Vivian Bose and many other stalwarts. The Bharat Scouts & Guides is recognized by the World Organisation of Scout Movement (WOSM) and World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS). 5. The Bharat Scouts & Guides was internationally recognized in December 1950 pursuant to Circular to Circular No. 40 of 1950 of the Boys Scouts International Bureau and in April, 1954 when the Bharat Scouts and Guides became a member of the World Association o Girl Guides and Girl Scouts. Prior to this affiliation, the All India Girl Guides Association was a member of the world body. It is pertinent to mention that more than 160 Counties are members of the International Scouts body i.e. World Organization of Scout Movement (WOSM) and approximately 140 Countries are members of the International Guide body i.e. World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS). (A Photocopy of the Circular No. 40 of 1950 is enclosed herewith as Annexure-II). 6. At the international level, there is only one body for Scouts namely “World Organisation of Scouts Movement” with its headquarters at Geneva (Switzerland) and one body for Girl Guides, namely, “World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts” with its headquarters at London in Great Britain. As per the rules of the said two apex bodies, only one national body from affiliated countries is recognized and admitted as a member. Thus, the Bharat Scouts & Guides is the only recognized body by the said two international bodies in India. 7. The Movement of Scouting and Guiding is internationally recognized. The movement has the universal Motto “ Do your Best” for Cubs & Bulbuls ranging from the age group 05-09 years, “Be Prepared” for Scouts & Guides ranging from the age group 10-16 Years and “Service” for Rovers & Rangers ranging at the age group 16-25 years. In India, almost 46 State Associations including Union Territories, 9 Indian Railway Zones, Scout/Guides Associations of the Kendriya Vidhyalaya Sangathan and those of the Navodaya Vidhalaya Samiti are all affiliated and members of the Bharat Scouts & Guides. The Bharat Scouts & Guides has district units in different countries where Indian Schools are functioning including Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Sultanate of Oman. The Central Tibetan Administration Schools are also having Scout/Guide Unit which are affiliated to the Bharat Scouts & Guides. 8. The Bharat Scouts & Guides is engaged in the task of developing the personality of the youth and canalizing their energies into the task of National resurgence. The Scouts and Guides are seen working with dedication and commitment to serve the community. The membership of the Bharat Scouts & Guides today touches all time record of over 50 lakhs Scouts & Guides. We are the third largest in the world in the number of Scouts and second largest in the number of Guides. 9. The representatives of the Bharat Scouts and Guides have represented and have attended various World events and Conferences and earned laurels for the Country. The Bharat Scouts and Guides has been honoured with “PEACE MESSENGER AWARD” by the UNO in 1987, “HABITAT AWARD” in 1990 and “INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL INTEGRATION AWARD” in 1987. The stalwarts like late Mrs. Lakshmi Mazumdar the then National Commissioner and Sardar Lakshman Singh have been the recipients of “PADMA SHREE” and “PADMA VIVHUSHAN” respectively. PRAVESH – FLAG The Bharat Scouts and Guides Flag shall be in dark blue color, the emblem in yellow colour shall be in the center of the flag with Ashoka Chakra in blue color. The size of the flag shall be 180 cms. In length and 120 cms. in width, the emblem will be 45 cms by 39 cms. The size of the Group Flag, which is the same as above, shall be 180 cms X 120 cms. with proportionate emblem. The name of the group shall be written in a yellow color below the emblem in straight line. The Fleur-de-lis the International emblem of Scouting and Ashoka Chakra is meant to emphasize the all-India character of the Movement. The super imposed trefoil represents the guide wing of the B.S.&G. The World Scout Flag The flag is actually royal purple with the white fleur-de-lis and rope is the flag for the World Organization of Scouting Movements (WOSM), headquartered in Switzerland. The flag represents all member organizations of the WOSM in a like manner as the United Nations flag represents all member nations of the UN. The flag is taken from the fleur-de-lis, or lily of the flower, which as the previous poster wrote, is found as part of the Scout emblem of every other nations’ Scouting organizations. It is also found frequently on compasses and pointing devices and points in the true direction, as Scouts should also be moving positively toward. The two stars on the flag allude to truth and knowledge, the two most important elements found in the creeds, promises and oaths of all member organizations. They also remind us of the stars in the sky and the outdoor element of Scouting. The rope encircles the fleur-de-lis and a reminder of the true brotherhood of all WOSM members. The rope is tied at the bottom in the reef knot (we Americans call it the square knot), which is the most useful of all rope knots if tied properly and reminds all of our obligations to be of service to one another as well as to be useful. First Aid - Pratham Sopan Roller Bandage The length and breadth of the bandage depends up on the intensity of the wound. Roller bandages are of different length and breadth. Roller bandages are kept safely by rolling it. It can be applicable to almost all wounds affected in human body. Elastic Crape Bandage It is applicable to the part of human body which is affected by sprain. This is used to cover the swelling parts. A first aid kit the most imprtant particle is triangular bandage. This is a large and triangular pieces of material. The triangular bandage two sides about 1 meter long and third about 1.4 meters. Triangular bandage can be used as: Collar & Cuff Sling St John Sling Broad bandage Narrow Bandage It is usefull for a casualy with a fracture of the upper arm or an injured hand. Allow the elbow to hang naturally at the side and plase the hand extended towardsthe shoulder on the injured side. Then you form a clove hitch by forming two loops. One towards you. One away from you. put the loops together by sliding your hands under the loops and closing with a clapping motion, then apply a clove hitch directly on the wrist, but take care clove hitch not to move the injured arm. Slide the clove hitch over the hand and gently pull it fimly to securew the wrist. Extend the points of the bandage to either side of the neck and tie fimly with a reef knot allow the arm to hang comfertably. It is useful for a casualty with an injured shoulder, collor band,hand or fingures. It is the best sling in a injured parts because it supports the whole arm and takes the weight of the arm off the injured parts. In the case of hand or fingures injuries, it can be used toelevate the injured part. Broad bandage is a triangular bandage, because which is folded and used to tie on solints and dressings. First the bandage is fold it in half , point to base, then fold it in hals again. Narrow bandage is one or more broad bandage is fold and is mainly used for the collar & cuff sling. First the bandage is fold it in half, point to base and again fold and make a broad bandage. Then fold it in half again. You now have a narrow bandage, if you donot have a sterile pad in your First Aid Kit, you can use a triangular bandage. Then fold the two ends into the middle. Now fold both ends into the middle again. Fold what is left in half to make a pad. The triangular bandage is folded like this, the pad easy to store it in a first aid kit. It is used to controlbleeding. Aims of First Aid The key aims of first aid can be summarised in three key points: Preserve life – the overriding aim of all medical care, including first aid, is to save lives Prevent further harm – also sometimes called prevent the condition from worsening, this covers both external factors, such as moving a patient away from any cause of harm, and applying first aid techniques to prevent worsening of the condition, such as applying pressure to stop a bleed becoming dangerous. Promote recovery – first aid also involves trying to start the recovery process from the illness or injury, and in some cases might involve completing a treatment, such as in the case of applying a plaster to a small wound First Aid for Cuts and Scratches Antibiotic cream Antiseptic (optional) First and foremost, know when to seek medical attention: If your injury involves any of the following, contact a doctor: The cut is deep The cut is long. Long cuts are considered to be approximately 1 inch when on the hand or foot and 2 inches when elsewhere on the body. The cut is jagged. The injury involved a pet, especially a cat. The injury involved a wild animal. The injury is due to a bite, either human or animal. The wound has debris stuck in it after cleansing. The wound is bleeding heavily. The wound will not stop bleeding after applying direct pressure for 10 minutes. The injury is a puncture wound. Also contact your doctor if you are overdue for a tetanus booster. For minor cuts, scratches and scrapes, be sure you have had at least three tetanus shots before the injury and you are within 10 years of your last booster. For more serious cuts, be sure you have had three tetanus shots before the injury and you are within 5 years of your last booster. First aid when very little bleeding is involved: If a cut, scratch or scrape is minor and has very slight bleeding, the best first step is to clean the wound. Rinse the cut, scratch or scrape under running cool to lukewarm water. If the cut is in an area too difficult to get under a faucet, fill a clean cup or bottle with water and pour it over the wound. Use only mild soap, gently applied with a gauze pad or soft, clean cloth, when cleaning a cut, scratch or scrape. Be sure to remove all soap from the wound by rinsing thoroughly. Do not use strong soaps when providing first aid to a cuts, scratches or scrapes, as they can cause additional irritation to the injured area. Under no circumstances should you use strong cleansers or detergents, such as bleach, to clean your injury. First aid when there is bleeding involved: If a cut is minor and bleeding a little more heavily, your first step is to apply direct pressure to aid the blood in clotting. Use gauze or a clean, soft cloth and apply firm, but gentle, pressure for several minutes. Elevate the injured area above the level of your heart whenever possible. If the blood begins to soak through the material, do not remove the gauze or cloth. Simply place another piece of gauze or cloth on top of the one you are currently holding and continue to apply pressure. Cuts on the head, face and mouth usually bleed more heavily than minor cuts elsewhere on the body due to the large number of blood vessels contained in these areas. Do not be alarmed. Keep applying pressure until the bleeding stops. Once the bleeding is under control, gently remove the cloth and begin cleansing the wound as outlined above. Bleeding may start again during the cleansing process. Use another clean cloth or gauze pad to apply pressure again when you are done cleaning the wound. First aid when debris is involved: Many scrapes will have debris, such as gravel, sand or wood chips, embedded in them. Increase the strength of the stream of the cleansing water to dislodge as much debris as possible. Use a set of tweezers which have been thoroughly cleaned with rubbing alcohol to remove any debris that remains at the surface. Do not dig for any deeply embedded items. Do not use brushes or rough washcloths, as doing so will cause more damage to the skin and increase the risk of infection. If you cannot remove all the debris, seek the help of a medical professional. First aid with an antiseptic: Hydrogen peroxide or other antiseptics are not needed for all wounds. Cleaning a cut, scrape or scratch with hydrogen peroxide causes additional irritation to the injury and can potentially kill off healthy cells needed for healing. Thoroughly cleaning the wound as described above is usually enough. If the cut, scratch or scrape occurred in a very dirty place or while handling items such as raw meat, a little hydrogen peroxide during the initial cleaning may be warranted. Be sure to rinse thoroughly to prevent continued irritation. First aid using adhesive bandages: Opinions differ as to whether all cuts and scratches need to be bandaged. If the cut or scratch is in an area that will not become dirty, it is fine to leave it uncovered. Apply a topical antibiotic cream a couple times a day to keep it moist and fight infection. If the cut or scratch is on an area that will easily become dirty (a hand or foot) or an area that will be irritated by clothing (a knee), apply an adhesive bandage or gauze and medical tape. Continue to use a bandage in these areas for 7 to 10 days, or until the injury is well healed. Due to the fact scrapes dry out easily and can cause scarring, bandages are generally recommended for them. Extra large adhesive bandages are available in stores. You can also use sterile gauze and medical tape to cover the area. Bandages hold in moisture, which aids in healing. This same moisture also provides the perfect breeding ground for any bacteria left in the wound. Always use a topical antibiotic cream when using a bandage. Change the bandage daily, or if it becomes wet or dirty. Reapply the antibiotic cream with each bandage change. Follow up to first aid: Watch your cut, scratch or scrape for any sign of infection while it heals. Contact your doctor if you see any signs of infection or if the wound looks odd to you in any way. Signs of infection include: Pain in the wound or in the surrounding area Redness and warmth around the wound Swelling in the area of the wound Pus draining from the injury Red streaks form around the injury YOUTH PROGRAMME: The Movement is providing different level activities in different sections like Cub/Bulbul, Scout/Guide and Rover/Ranger. We organize many National Level Programmes in a year where about one lakh young people are getting training in different aspects. Besides these, the young people are trained at unit level, group level, district level and State level. ADULT TRAINING: We provide training for Adults, Unit Leaders, Leaders of Adults (Commissioners, Secretaries, Organizers etc at National Level in our well established Training Centres. Our National Training Centre is situated at Pachmarhi (M.P), National Youth Complex at Gadpuri, Dist-Palwal, Haryana and National Training Cum Camping Complex at New Ashok Nagar, Delhi. About 15,000 Adult Leaders are trained in a year in these training centres. Besides these, Adult Leaders are trained in different States in their established training centers by the States also. ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES: We have a well-established National Adventure Instiute at Pachmarhi (M.P) where good infrastructure is available for adventure programmes. We conduct 10 days and 07 days adventure programmes to all categories of young people. In addition to this, we conduct one International Adventure Programme every year. More than 5000 young people are undergoing our Adventure Programme every year from all parts of the Country. NATIONAL JAMBOREES: We conduct National Jamborees once in every 04 (Four) years. About 25000 Scouts and Guides with their leaders are attending the Jamboree. Till date 16th National Jamboree, 01 SAARC Jamboree ad 03 Special National Jamborees were conducted. The last 16th National Jamboree was conducted at Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh in the year 2011 and the next 17th National Jamboree is scheduled to be conducted in the year 2015. NATIONAL INTEGRATION CAMPS: We organize National Integration Camp all over the country regularly to bring Scouts and Guides of different States and Regions to be closer at each other and know each other’s culture and tradition and inculcate a feeling of one ness and promote a feeling of National Integration among the young people. The Special National Integration Camp under the theme “Messenger of Peace” was conducted at our National Youth Complex, Gadpuri during 2011 where a large contingent of Scouts & Guides from Pakistan Boy Scout Association participated with the contingent from Bharat Scouts & Guides from all over the Country and similarly, in 2012 a Contingent from Bharat Scouts & Guides participated in the Integration Camp under the same theme at Islamabad, Pakistan. INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMMES: We depute many Scouts, Guides, Rovers, Rangers and Adult Leaders to various International Events, Conferences, Workshops, Seminar etc. We organized the prestigious 20th ASIA PACIFIC REGIONAL SCOUT CONFERENCE in Delhi 2001, which was a grand success. We have conducted SAF CAMP at our National Youth Complex during 2010 in which participants from all the SAARC Countries participated. We also conducted the ASIA PACIFIC LEADER TRAINERS COURSE at our National Training Centre, Pachmarhi in M.P. Besides these, we have been conducting APR MANAGEMENT COURSES in India. Recently, we have conducted ASIA PACIFIC REGIONAL COMMUNITY BASED SCOUTING at New Delhi in September 2012. AWARD AND RECOGNITION: The Rashtrapati Scout/Guide/Rover/Ranger which is the highest National Award being awarded to the outstanding Scouts, Guides, Rover and Rangers and presented by His Excellency the President of India every year in Rashtrapati Scout/Guide/Rover/Ranger Rally held at the Rashtrapati Bhavan since 1961. This has been continuously done till 2011. President of India has been the Chief Patron of the Bharat Scouts & Guides from 1950 from the period of the then first President of India Dr. Rajendra Prasadji. We have awards for our Adult Leaders also to recognize their valuable and selfless services. COMMUNITY SERVICE: We have Community-oriented competitions like Prime Ministers’ Shield and Upa-Rashtrapati Award Competitions for Scouts/Guides/Rovers/Rangers respectively. These competitions help us to encourage our young people to do the community service projects, which bring the Scout & Guide Movement closer to the community, and fulfill the Scout/Guide promise of helping others. Bharat Scouts and Guides is well known and recognized at the National Level and International Level for promoting peace, harmony, Sadbhavana and National Integration. As the third largest organization in Scouting and second largest in Guiding in the World, the Bharat Scouts and Guides was the proud recipients of “UNITED NATIONS PEACE MESSENGER AWARD” in the year 1987 and “INDIRA GANDHI AWARD FOR PEACE AND NATIONAL INTEGRATION” in the year 1998. Flag Song Bharat scout guide jhanda, Uncha sada rahega, Uncha sada rahega jhanda, Uncha sada rahega. Neela rang gagan sa vistrut Bhatru bhav failatha, Tridal kamal nit teen pratigna onki yad dilate. Aur chakr kehata hei Prathipal agey kadam badega. Uncha sada rahega jhanda Uncha sada rahega. भारत स्काउट गाइड झंडा ऊँचा सदा रहेगा, ऊँचा सदा रहेगा झंडा ऊँचा सदा रहेगा. नीला रंग गगन सा विस्तृत भात्र भाव फैलाता, त्रिदल कमल नित तीन प्रतिज्ञाओं की याद दिलाता. और चक्र कहता है प्रतिपल आगे कदम बढेगा, भारत स्काउट गाइड झंडा ऊँचा सदा रहेगा. First Aid Kit Contents The first aid kit contents should consist of all the basic essentials needed to treat an injury. Prepare a first aid kit contents list and cross check it with a medical practitioner. Visit the local drug store and buy proper quantity of requirements according to the first aid kit contents list. The following first aid kits contents should be present in your kit. 2-inch roller bandage 1-inch adhesive 3-by-3-inch sterile pads Assorted gauze pads Oral thermometer Sunburn lotion Lip slave Poison-ivy lotion Small flashlight(with extra batteries and bulbs) Absorbent cotton Iodine tablets Foot powder Insects repellent Insect sting swabs Oil of cloves Hot-water bottle Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen 1 blanket (space blanket) Antiseptic solution(like hydrogen peroxide) First aid instruction booklet List of emergency phone numbers	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line377
__label__cc	0.574032	0.425968	Evrial: The Latest Malware That Steals Bitcoins Using the Clipboard February 27, 2018 By Pierluigi Paganini Evrial is a cryptocoin malware stealer discovered by the researchers at ElevenPaths which takes control of the clipboard to get “easy money”. Evrial is a cryptocoin malware stealer which takes control of the clipboard to get “easy money”. ElevenPaths has taken a deep technical dive into the malware itself, to show how it technically works, with a quite self-explanatory video. Aside, we have followed the steps of its Russian creator and found that his scam has been targeting other scammers themselves. By the end of 2017, CryptoShuffle was a malware sample capable of reading the clipboard and modifying cryptocurrency addresses found there. Later, someone realized that there could be some business on providing these features as a service and started to sell the platform itself calling it “Evrial”. The product was formed by a .NET malware sample capable of stealing passwords from browsers, FTP clients, Pidgin and it could also modify the clipboard on the fly so as to change any copied cryptocurrency address to whatever address he wanted to. Evrial allows the attacker to control it all from a comfortable panel where the stolen data can be easily explored. When the attacker buys the application, he can set his “name” for logging into the panel which will be hardcoded in the code, so that the shipped Evrial version is unique for him. When you want to make a Bitcoin transfer, you usually copy and paste the destination address. In this sense, the attacker waits until the user, trusting in the clipboard action, sends a new transaction to the copied cryptocurrency address, without knowing that the recipient’s address has been silently modified to one that belongs to the attacker. The malware performs this task in the background for different types of address including Bitcoin, Litecoin, Ethereum and Monero addresses as well as for Steam identifiers and Webmoney WMR and WMZ units. The author exposes his username in Telegram: @Qutrachka. The account is in the source code in order to be able to contact him. Using this information and some other analysed samples, it has been possible to identify users in different deep web forums under the name Qutra whose main objective: sell this malicious software. There are also evidences that CryptoSuffer malware was linked to the same threat actor after identifying a publication in Pastebin explaining the functionalities of this family and published under the same user. We are able to guess how much it is in every wallet. He has received a total of 21 transactions into the Bitcoin wallet, supposedly from his victims, collecting approximately 0.122 BTC. If ransomware wallets usually receive the same amount from its victims, here the range is wider because the legitimate payments that the victim wants to do are, of course, of different amounts. The attacker has moved all the money to several addresses to try to blur the trail of his payments. The attacker has received 0.0131 Litecoins as well, but this amount is still available in his wallet. On the other hand, it has not been possible to track any payments related to his Monero account because of how this technology works so as to hide the information of which parties have been involved in each operation. At the same time, we could not find out any additional information linked to his various Webmoney accounts (WMR and WMZ). Anyway, what is clear is that this type of malicious behavior is technically viable while it is being used in the wild. Innovation and laboratory Area at ElevenPaths innovationlab@11paths.com (Security Affairs – Evrial , cryptocoin malwarehackers) Bitcoincryptocurrency malwareEvrialPierluigi PaganiniSecurity Affairs Cybersecurity week Round-Up (2018, Week 8) With Android P Google Plans To Prevent Cellphone Spying Through Your Camera and Microphone Cybersecurity week Round-Up (2018, Week 8) -Let's try to summarize the most important event occurred last week in 3 minutes. Last...	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0096.json.gz/line382

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