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Home | Wire | Ludwig von Mises and the Nature of Money
Ludwig von Mises and the Nature of Money
Tags Money and BanksHistory of the Austrian School of EconomicsMonetary Theory
02/13/2019Jörg Guido Hülsmann
As a true disciple of Carl Menger, Ludwig von Mises began the presentation of his theory of money with an analysis of the nature of money itself. He then went on to deal with the determination of money’s purchasing power and with the impact of what he called Umlaufsmittel (fiduciary media) on the monetary system.
In dealing with the nature of money, Mises relied heavily on the work of Carl Menger. The founder of the Austrian School had shown that money is not to be defined by the physical characteristics of whatever good is used as money; rather, money is characterized by the fact that the good under consideration is (1) a commodity that is (2) used in indirect exchanges, and (3) bought and sold primarily for the purpose of such indirect exchanges.
Menger also stressed that money emerges spontaneously on the market as a response to the lack of the double coincidence of wants. Indirect exchanges are resorted to, for example, by the chair maker seeking to buy a dozen eggs from the farmer who already has enough chairs, or by the painter trying to purchase a glass of beer from the brewer who does not care for art. They first exchange their products into highly marketable commodities, such as salt, wheat, or silver coins, in order to exchange these “media of exchange” against eggs and beer in a subsequent deal. The significance of this fact was that a monetary system could come into being without a prior social contract and without government fiat.1
Mises added to and refined this analysis of the nature of money in four ways.
First, he took issue with the idea that the functions of money—being a means of exchange, a store of value, a means of payment, a means of deferred payments, a numéraire (measure of value)—were of equal importance. Mises argued that a commodity could play the role of numéraire only because it was used as a means of exchange; and, similarly, a commodity was held as a store of value precisely because it was marketable. Thus there was a hierarchical order of the functions of money: the means of exchange was primordial, being a necessary condition for the others.
Second, Mises developed a comprehensive typology of monetary objects—that is, in Mengerian language, of all the things generally accepted as media of exchange. On the most fundamental level, he distinguished several types of “money in the narrower sense” from several types of “money surrogates” or substitutes. Money in the narrower sense is a good in its own right. In contrast, money substitutes were legal titles to money in the narrower sense. They were typically issued by banks and were redeemable in real money at the counters of the issuing bank (see diagram on the previous page).
In establishing this fundamental distinction between money and money titles, he applied crucial insights of Böhm-Bawerk’s pioneering work on the economics of legal entities. He stressed: “Claims are not goods; they are means of obtaining disposal over goods. This determines their whole nature and economic significance.”2 As his exposition in later parts of the book would show, these distinctions have great importance, both for the integration of monetary theory within the framework of Menger’s theory of value and prices, and for the analysis of the role of banking within the monetary system. At the heart of his theory of banking is a comparative analysis of the economic significance of two very different types of money substitutes. Mises observed that money substitutes could be either covered by a corresponding amount of money, in which case they were “money certificates,” or they could lack such coverage, in which case they were fiduciary media—Umlaufsmittel. Mises devotes the entire last third of his book to an analysis of the economic consequences of the use of Umlaufsmittel.3
Third, Mises refuted the idea that money prices are a measure of value. Here he relied on the work of the Czech economist Franz Cuhel who some years earlier, in his Zur Lehre von den Bedürfnissen (On the Theory of Needs), had clarified several fundamental issues of the new Mengerian price theory.4 Cuhel was a champion of the psychological theory of marginal utility (Gossen-Jevons-Wieser), but several of his contributions to the theory of value and utility proved useful despite that fact.
Cuhel refuted Böhm-Bawerk and Wieser’s quantitative claims about marginal utility, which referred to homogeneous units of a supply of goods, where each individual unit provides the same utility. According to Böhm-Bawerk, the utilities derived from the use of several units could be added, to the point that the utility, say, of consuming fifteen plums equals exactly fifteen times the utility of consuming one plum. But Cuhel objected that this contradicted the basic idea of the law of diminishing marginal utility, namely, that the satisfaction derived from the consumption of each additional unit of the good is lower than the utility derived from the consumption of the previous unit.5
Cuhel also made a devastating case against interpersonal comparisons of satisfactions. The benefits derived from the consumption of two different goods could be compared only indirectly, and only in one narrow case, namely, in the case of individual decision-making at one point of time. From the fact that an individual chooses to enjoy satisfaction A rather than B, one can infer that A yields more satisfaction to this person than B does, because at the time of the choice both A and B were present and competed directly with one another.6 Hence, the observed choices of individuals provide evidence about the relative size of enjoyment. But this is the only type of evidence available because it is fundamentally impossible to perceive the comparative satisfactions of other people.7 One can only have direct knowledge of the utilities that the satisfaction of various needs has for oneself. Other people’s utilities have to be inferred, indirectly, from their actual decision-making.
It follows that there is no such thing as value calculation or even value measurement. Even money does not have a constant value, and is therefore unable to provide the basis for a value calculus. Moreover, since money prices are the result of individual valuation processes, they are individual historical events, always determined by the particular circumstances in which they emerge. Contrary to what Walras’s system of equations suggests, there are no constant relationships between money prices of different times and places.
It was therefore out of the question to follow Irving Fisher in his attempt to establish a quantitative law—such as in physics— of the relationship between the quantity of money and money prices (the price level). Mises placed great emphasis on this crucial implication of value theory for the methodology of economics:
Because there are no constant relations in the field of human action, the equations of mathematical catallactics cannot be made to serve practical problems in the same way the equations of mechanics solve problems through the use of data and constants that have been ascertained empirically.
In my book on money I did not say one controversial word against the mathematical school. I presented the correct doctrine and refrained from attacking the method of mathematicians. In fact, I even resisted the temptation to dissect the empty term “velocity.” I refuted mathematical economics by proving that the quantity of money and the purchasing power of the monetary unit are not inversely proportional. This proof demonstrated that the only constant relationship which was believed to exist between “economic quantities” is a variable determined by the data of each individual case. It thus exploded the equations of exchange of Irving Fisher and Gustav Cassel.8
Mises’s criticism of the mechanical version of the quantity theory had an impact well beyond the theory of money. For this version of the quantity theory represented a larger agenda: a quantitative view of social science in general. Mises showed that there are no quantitative constants linking human actions to repercussions in the social realm. An increased demand for apples would in all cases lead to higher apple prices than would otherwise have existed, but there is no law that tells us that a 10 percent increase of the apple demand will cause, say, an 8 percent or a 14 percent increase of apple prices. Actual quantities will always depend on the particular circumstances of each individual case.
Fourth, and finally, Mises dealt more explicitly than Menger with the claims of the monetary statists or “chartalists.” Whereas Menger had argued that money could emerge spontaneously on the market, the statist scholars asserted that money was a creation of the state.
Debate on this topic can be traced back to the times of Plato and Aristotle. It ran all through the Middle Ages and was only settled, for a short while, by the classical economists, who had argued along Mengerian lines. But at the end of the nineteenth century the statists struck back. Cernuschi in France, Neupauer in Austria, and Lexis in Germany reasserted the view that money is what the state declares to be such.9 But the most famous champion of this view was Georg Knapp—the same Knapp who had pioneered the studies on Germanic rule as a liberating force for East-European peasants.
In his Staatliche Theorie des Geldes (State Theory of Money), Knapp argued that money was a creation of the legal order and that the theory of money therefore had to be studied as a branch of legal history.10 According to Knapp, money came into being through government proclamation. The state says that this or that is money, and it suddenly becomes a token for some corresponding amount of real goods. The essence of money was therefore to be a government-proclaimed token (charta in Latin) that could be used as a legally valid means of payment.11
Knapp’s views were not well received at first,12 but did find early support from prominent bankers13 and eventually won many converts to the state theory of money. His chartalist theory did, after all, perfectly complement the statist convictions already prevalent among German economic professors. As Mises later observed:
The statist school of German economics has probably reached its high point in Georg Friedrich Knapp’s State Theory of Money. It is not per se remarkable that this theory has been formulated; after all, its tenets have been championed for centuries in the writings of canonists, jurists, romantics, and certain socialists. What was remarkable was rather the success of the book.14
Knapp’s fundamental error was in failing to see that government orders can only be relevant in the context of presently existing contracts involving deferred payments. Ex post, governments can determine what should be counted as “money” and, hence, what should be counted as payment. But it does not have the power to impose on market participants the future use of any means of exchange:
Business usage alone can transform a commodity into a common medium of exchange. It is not the state, but the common practice of all those who have dealings in the market, that creates money. 15
Excerpted from Mises: Last Knight of Liberalism
1. Although Menger delivered a painstaking analysis of the process of the emergence of money (a process that was in his view the best illustration of the emergence of social institutions) he was not the first economist to point out that money does not come into being by social contract. Among Menger’s predecessors were John Law (1705), Ferdinando Galliani (1751), Étienne de Condillac (1776), Adam Smith (1776), Antonio Genovesi (1788), Jean-Baptiste Say (1802), and Richard Whately (1832). On the emergence of this approach in the eighteenth century see Arthur E. Monroe, Monetary Theory before Adam Smith (New York: Augustus M. Kelley, [1923] 1966).
2. Mises, Theory of Money and Credit, p. 65; also Mises quoted Böhm-Bawerk’s Rechte und Verhältnisse vom güterwirthschaftlichen Standpunkte, pp. 120ff.
3. Regrettably, this comparative focus of his analysis was lost in the English translation of the title of the book: Theory of Money and Credit. The term Umlaufsmittel, which literally translates into “means of circulation,” was rendered in the English text as “fiduciary media.” Consequently the title of the book should have been Theory of Money and Fiduciary Media, but the publisher decided that the unusual terminology would irritate readers and thus opted for the smoother but toothless Theory of Money and Credit, failing to honor the fact that even in the original German version the expression was unusual. Mises was hostile to innovations in language that were not justified by the analysis of hitherto neglected phenomena. But the difference between money certificates on the one hand, and Umlaufsmittel on the other was such a neglected phenomenon, to the point that established scientific terminology even lacked the means for expressing this difference. Mises thus introduced the expression Umlaufsmittel for this purpose and even used it in the title of his book to highlight its importance.
4. See Franz Cuhel, Zur Lehre von den Bedürfnissen. Theoretische Untersuchungen über das Grenzgebiet von Ökonomik und Psychologie (Innsbruck: Wagner, 1907).
5. See ibid., pp. 190f. Böhm-Bawerk had made this claim in a long essay on the theory of value, his first statement on value theory. See Böhm-Bawerk, “Grundzüge der Theorie des wirtschaftlichen Güterwertes,” Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik n.s. 13 (1886): 48. It was this passage that met with criticism in Cuhel and Mises. Mises said many years later that, in distinct contrast to corresponding passages in Böhm-Bawerk’s Positive Theory of Capital (New York: G.E. Stechert, 1930), the statement in Grundzüge “was incompatible with the whole tenor of Böhm’s theory” (Mises to A.E. Foerster, letter dated March 2, 1965; Grove City Archive: Böhm-Bawerk file). This letter raises a certain problem because Mises here said that Böhm-Bawerk eventually realized his error and expressed the correct formulation in a later edition of Capital and Interest (South Holland, Ill.: Libertarian Press, 1959, vol. 2, bk. 3, part A, chap. 3, p. 148). But in the second edition of Theorie des Geldes und der Umlaufsmittel, 2nd ed. (Munich and Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, 1924, p. 13), Mises said Böhm-Bawerk had not said anything new on this matter
6. See Cuhel, Zur Lehre von den Bedürfnissen, pp. 178f
7. See ibid., p. 210. Cuhel called subjective utilities by the unusual name of “Egenzen.” In an analogous case, Vilfredo Pareto called subjective utility “ophélimité.”
8. Mises, Notes and Recollections, p. 58.
9. See Henri Cernuschi, Nomisma; or, “Legal Tender” (New York: Appleton & Co., 1877); Josef von Neupauer, Die Schäden und Gefahren der Valutaregulierung für die Volkswirtschaft und die Kriegsbereitschaft (Vienna: Lesk & Schwidernoch, 1892); Wilhelm Lexis, “Papiergeld,” Handwörterbuch der Staatswissenschaften (Jena: Gustav Fischer, 1893; 2nd ed., 1901, 3rd ed., 1910). Mises mentions Neupauer’s book in Mises, “Die wirtschaftspolitischen Motive der österreichischen Valutaregulierung,” Zeitschrift für Volkswirtschaft, Sozialpolitik und Verwaltung 16 (1907): 578.
10. See Georg F. Knapp, Staatliche Theorie des Geldes, 2nd ed. (Munich & Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, 1918), p. 1.
11. See ibid., p. 31. Knapp thought he had to create an entirely new vocabulary to adequately deal with the theory of money and among many other innovations came up with the expression “chartal.”
12. In particular Andreas Voigt, one of the leaders of the small but growing cadre of anti-Schmoller economists, gave Knapp an unfavorable review. See Andres Voigt, “Die staatliche Theorie des Geldes,” Zeitschrift für die gesamte Staatswissenschaft 62 (1906): 317–40.
13. See L. Calligaris, “Staatliche Theorie des Geldes,” Münchener Allgemeine Zeitung (February 1, 1906); idem, “Staatliche Theorie des Geldes,” Österreichische Rundschau 7, no. 80 (May 10, 1906); F. Bendixen, Das Wesen des Geldes (Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, 1908), p. 3; idem, “Fünf Jahre Geldtheorie,” Bank-Archiv 10, no. 10 (1911): 145ff.; W. Lexis, “Eine neue Geldtheorie,” Archiv für Sozialwissenschaften und Sozialpolitik 5 (1906): 557–74; idem, “Die Knappsche Geldtheorie,” Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 3rd series, 32 (1906): 534–45.
14. Ludwig von Mises, Staat, Nation und Wirtschaft (Vienna: Manz, 1919), p. 5, n. 3. Mises referred to Anderson’s verdict that Knapp’s book “has had wide influence on German thinking on money. It is typical of the tendency in German thought to make the State the center of everything.” Benjamin M. Anderson, The Value of Money (New York: Macmillan, 1917), p. 433. He also quoted Carl Menger’s exasperated comment on the success of the State Theory of Money: “It is the logical development of Prussian police science. What are we to think of a nation whose elite, after two hundred years of economics, admire such nonsense, which is not even new, as highest revelation?” Mises, Erinnerungen, p. 20; Notes and Recollections, p. 35.
15. Mises, Theory of Money and Credit, p. 93.
Jörg Guido Hülsmann is senior fellow of the Mises Institute where he holds the 2018 Peterson-Luddy Chair and was director of research for Mises Fellows in residence 1999-2004. He is author of Mises: The Last Knight of Liberalism and The Ethics of Money Production. He teaches in France, at Université d'Angers. His full CV is here.
Contact Jörg Guido Hülsmann
Jörg Guido Hülsmann
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New Paranormal Saga “Glitch” Begins Filming
Matchbox Pictures, in association with ABC TV, is pleased to announce that the new six-part drama series “Glitch” has begun shooting on location in Melbourne and around Victoria. A high-concept drama, “Glitch” is a paranormal saga about love, loss, and what it means to be human.
Created by Tony Ayres (Cut Snake, The Slap, Nowhere Boys, The Home Song Stories), developed by Ayres and Louise Fox (Broadchurch, Dead Europe, Love My Way), and produced by Matchbox Pictures (The Slap, The Straits, Nowhere Boys, Old School, Devil’s Playground), “Glitch” is a tale of love and redemption, of second chances gained and lost, of vengeance and forgiveness.
Tony Ayres, Series Creator said, “’Glitch’ is an elevated genre series. At its core it is a Gothic mystery with a story that is passionate and dramatic.”
“How do ordinary people deal with great love, longing, and the utterly unexpected? This is an exciting drama from a hugely talented creative team,” said ABC Head of Fiction Carole Sklan.
Featuring an impressive ensemble cast led by Patrick Brammall (Upper Middle Bogan, Offspring) with Rodger Corser (Party Tricks, Rush), Emma Booth (Cloud Street, Jack Irish), Emily Barclay (Suburban Mayhem, Lou), Genevieve O’Reilly (Episodes, Star War Episode III), Andrew McFarlane (Devil’s Playground), Daniela Farinacci (Redfern Now, Lantana), Sean Keenan (Puberty Blues), and Ned Dennehy (Sherlock Holmes).
Set in the fictional country town of Yoorana, the 6 x 1 hour series sees the run-down town take on a new life from the most unlikely of places – the past.
When six people inexplicably rise from the dead with no memory of their identities, disbelief soon gives way to a determination to discover who they are and what happened to them. Yoorana becomes the Gothic rural backdrop against which the “Risen” rediscover their past and why they have returned while those around them are also faced with a perplexing new reality, challenging all the beliefs and ideals they held dear.
“’Glitch’ is a whole new type of television for ABC and for Australia. It’s not just for people who know and love genre, it’s for those who love character-driven stories with big heart and bigger thrills,” said producer Louise Fox.
“Glitch” will air on ABC in 2015.
“Glitch” is produced by Matchbox Pictures with the assistance of Screen Australia, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Film Victoria, and NBCUniversal. The series is being sold internationally by NBCUniversal.
Production Credits: A Matchbox Pictures production in association with ABC Television, Screen Australia, and Film Victoria. Written by Louise Fox, Kris Mrksa, and Giula Sandler. Directed by Emma Freeman. Produced by Ewan Burnett and Louise Fox. Executive Producers Tony Ayres and Debbie Lee. ABC TV Executive Producers Carole Sklan and Christopher Gist.
Wanna Know What Eurotophobia Looks Like? Check Out New “V/H/S: Viral” Poster
If you ever wondered what it might look like to suffer from Eurotophobia (fear of the vagina) then look no further than the new “V/H/S: Viral” poster. I imagine it is what sufferers from this condition my possibly experience. Anyway the new artwork is giving me a total Dead Space meets Lovecraft vibe.
“V/H/S: Viral” is the third installment to the anthology series and brings to life nightmares through the lens of the new online video craze. The film brings together directors Todd Lincoln, Nacho Vigalondo, Justin Benson, Marcel Sarmiento, Aaron Moorhead, Gregg Bishop. “V/H/S: Viral” hits limited theatrical release on November 21st, 2014. The film is currently available on VOD.
Police chase after a deranged ice cream truck has captivated the attention of the greater Los Angeles area. Dozens of fame—obsessed teens flock to the streets with their video cameras and camera phones, hell—bent on capturing the next viral video. But there is something far more sinister occurring in the streets of L.A. than a simple police chase. A resounding effect is created onto all those obsessed with capturing salacious footage for no other purpose than to amuse or titillate. Soon the discovery becomes that they themselves are the stars of the next video, one where they face their own death.
My Review Of “The Dark Place”
Jody Wheeler’s gay thriller “The Dark Place” takes on the conventional mystery with witty, and quick story telling. The film stars Blaise Embry, Eddy Rioseco, Shannon Day, Sean Paul Lockhart, Timo Descamps, Allison Lane, and follows a young man who returns home to make amends with his mother. His visit is one filled with chilling, and stark revelation as he learns the very real danger he is faced with meeting new family members. “The Dark Place” is a straight forward suspense, thriller that builds upon common themes of deadly relations.
The story is a well written, smart mystery that doesn’t rely on over-drawn stereotypes, or caricature personas to create character or entertainment value. “The Dark Place” keeps with a more serious tone, building a tense story arc that aims to draw viewers in with drama, action, and suspense. At times the story takes itself a bit too serious missing some moments that could have shown a comfortable, authentic feeling. The dialog, and writing move quick, with some witty, dark humor. However the acting, at times, feels somewhat contrived. Two dimensional characters present us with only superficial connectivity in scenes that require a strong emotional investment from the viewer. However there are some stand out moments from the cast during some of the film’s more dramatic scenes.
“The Dark Place” starts a little choppy and confusing, forcing us to trust that things will fall into place as the story moves forward. It works to the extent of setting the tone of mystery and suspense. The downside to the choppy scene transitions at the start falls on the fact that not enough back story, or character development exists for us to give in completely to that trust. It caused a conflict in my ability to get into the story, and my knee-jerk reaction of distrust of Wheeler’s intentions and objective. Luckily the story arc stays pretty focuses and moves right into Wheeler’s intended vision effortlessly by the second act. More of the story becomes clear, characters become stronger, and a hint to the intense climax starts to unfold. By the third act I found myself glued to the drama unfolding, and the big reveal about some character’s back story, I was quietly seeking, was given to me.
The special effects and sound effects didn’t really impress me, the special effects wear minimal. Wheeler had plenty of opportunity to show a darker, grittier, and more visceral side but chose to play it safe. Letting the drama, and dialog support most of the thrills. Sometimes it works and sometimes it doesn’t. I would have liked to have seen more gruesome effects during altercation and action scenes. What Jody Wheeler chose to give us came closer to Lifetime level of effects. With that said, “The Dark Place” does manage to create some real intense situations, plenty of emotion, and is quite entertaining. Even the mediocre instrumental music score and effects aid in the film’s suspenseful atmosphere.
Overall, I was pleasantly surprised by “The Dark Place”. The characters were not cartoonish stereotypes, and the story was a serious mystery, thriller. Even with the rough start, “The Dark Place” manages to become a captivating thriller. It is above most LGB&T thrillers that I have seen. There isn’t really any horror elements in the film, and the thrills are hit/miss throughout, so that was a slight disappointment. Still, Jody Wheeler does have a solid story here, with some stellar moments that create the necessary suspense and intensity. The ending was a little flat, but I was given the ending that I was hoping for, even if the final scene was a bit rudimentary and hokey. I definitely think mystery fans, and especially the LGB&T community should watch “The Dark Place”. Not that the film doesn’t have merit for the broader, hetero inclusive fan base.
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Check out these new images for slasher horror “The Wicked One”. The film is directed by Tory Jones and stars Katie Stewart, Dale Miller, Jack Norman, Ari Lehman, Jessica Bloom, Deb Perkins. Read the details for “The Wicked One” below.
The Wicked One is a breath of fresh air into the subgenre of Slasher movies. With his dilapidated coat, signature burlap mask, and a large knife for his intended victims, this Slasher has only one goal…. Death.
Set inside the walls of a Mental Institute, the story follows Alex Curtis (Portrayed by the talented Katie Stewart) after her incarceration. Alex claims that a figure known only as the Wicked One is after her and will soon claim her life, enough to make everyone think she’s insane. The story is really about Alex’s journey and presents the question is this young woman insane or is someone truly after her? Heading up Alex’s therapy is a doubtful and dapper young Psychiatrist Dr. Adam Lawson (Played by MMA Legend Dale Miller) As bodies begin to pile up at the Athens Institute, the staff may soon find that the Wicked One (Jack Norman) may be a real entity.
This madness, all the vision of Director Tory Jones who wanted to unleash a new slasher onto the scene. With the majority of today’s horror being dominated by cliche found footage and paranormal movies at every turn a return to the slasher formula is something I’ve always been interested in and something I’m a fan of. Now I have celebrities like Leslie Easterbrook, Renae Geerlings, Ari Lehman, Tamara Glynn, and countless others commenting on the mask and movie and that’s a huge compliment for someone who grew up a fan of those old school 70’s and 80’s slasher movies. I’m hoping this film could be the start of a franchise and a sequel script is being teased and ideas thrown around. It’s just something that will be dependent upon the success of this film.
The first official trailer is set to be released in the coming weeks with a premiere planned for Early 2015!
2015 Release Date Set For “Gnome Alone”
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When timid college student Zoe witnesses a hit-and-run, the dying victim gives her a strange amulet. Suddenly, all those who have offended Zoe in her life begin dying horrible deaths at the hands of a malicious gnome (Troyer). When Zoe discovers the horrible history behind the amulet, will she be able to harness its magical power before the gnome begins killing those closest to her?
FX Sets Out To Bring To Life “From Hell” Killer In New Series
FX has announced the decision to explore “From Hell” serial killer, Jack The Ripper, in new series. The concept is based on the 572 page graphic novel from writer Alan Moore and artist Eddie Campbell. The novel spawned the 2001 Johnny Depp film which focuses on the brutal crime spree of one of the world’s most notorious serial killers from his point-of-view. “Children Of Men” writer David Arata has signed on to write the FX original series which explores the world of Jack The Ripper from a first person character study into the mind of the killer. The news was first reported by Deadline.com
From Hell tells the tale of Jack the Ripper with the killer himself as the main character. Detailing the events leading up to the Whitechapel killings and the cover-up that followed, the 572-page graphic novel is a meditation on the mind of a madman whose savagery and violence gave birth to the 20th century.
First TV Spot Released For “Dementamania”
The first television spot has been released for Kit Ryan directed “Dementamania”. The film hits limited theatrical release and VOD on November 17th, and stars Kal Penn, Vincent Regan, Geoff Bell, Sam Robertson, John Thomson. "They Say There is no Harm in Daydreaming” A frustrated office worker finds himself caught between the realms of his deranged imagination and the mundane reality of his everyday existence.
Frustrated with the social injustice he faces everyday and the bureaucratic culture of the office where he works, EDWARD ARKHAM (Samuel Robertson) is at boiling point. Although a successful analyst with a leading IT consultancy, years of routine have taken their toll, and the unbearable daily monotony fuels his frustration and bitterness.
When Edward is stung by a mysterious bug, it results in a painful and aggressive rash which unlocks the door to a secret world inside his head causing nightmarish fantasies to manifest themselves within vivid hallucinations. As the rash spreads and threatens to envelop his entire body, his visions become more terrifying and reality begins to drift further from his grasp.
Poster And Trailer For “Magi” Released
Check out the promo poster and teaser trailer for Hasan Karacadag’s “Magi”. The film stars Lucie Pohl, Michael Madsen, Stephen Baldwin, Brianne Davis, and will be released on February 27, 2015 in Turkey. Not sure when this comes out here in the states…
Magi follows an American woman who relocates to Istanbul to take on the job as an English teacher. Soon, her journalist sister slowly comes to realize that all may not be as it seems with her sibling’s new baby.
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FX Sets Out To Bring To Life “From Hell” Killer In...
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South Africa’s 55,910,000 population comprises the world’s biggest HIV epidemic: an unusually high 18.9% adult people living with HIV (PLHIV)—varying by region—and 270,000 new infections in 2016. Nationwide 320,000 children are infected.
Men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender women, sex workers and people who inject drugs (PWID) experience even higher rates: sex workers nationally 57.7%, in Johannesburg an astonishing 71.8%., yet not many are getting Antiretroviral therapy (ART). The rate of infection among young women is 4 times greater than among same-age men.
High levels of stigma, homophobia and ignorance prevent many people living with HIV (PLHIV) from getting the health care they need.
Yet there is ground for hope. South Africa has the largest Antiretroviral therapy (ART) program in the world, a huge investment. It was the first country in sub-Saharan Africa to approve PrEP. It now has a progressive national HIV policy for sex workers, although on the ground, the program meets resistance from local authorities.
(Figures from AVERT, 2016)
Truckdrivers at Pomona
Pomona is a truck stop where every day dozens of drivers maintain their trucks and take some time to relax. At Pomona there is a gas station, a cafe, a laundromat and a shop. There are also dozens of sexworkers.
Most truck drivers and sexworkers we’ve met came from Zimbabwe. But we also spoke to men and women from Zambia, Ghana and South Africa. Doctors estimate that more than 60 percent of the men and women at Pomona are infected with HIV. North Star Alliance has a container clinic on this site where you can be treated for HIV.
Petros Size Acid
Our man from Zimbabwe
I’m sitting on the veranda of the clinic dozing when I first spot him, the truck driver in his dark shabby outfit who comes quietly but purposefully towards me. Through the dust clouds swirling in the bright sunlight, it’s as if he’s floating at his own pace, in his own world.
When he’s standing in front of me a few seconds later, I’m surprised when he stretches out his hand and politely greets me.
“Good afternoon, sir.”
I see now that he’s still a young man. The lines that life leaves behind when we age have not yet marked his face. He looks at me without guilt or shame. An explorer, who has yet to take the first steps of his long journey, but trusting that all the days to come will bring good luck.
He’s a remarkable man. Before I can say anything, he surprises me for the second time. “I have come for the HIV test. I told the nurse yesterday that I was coming. Here I am.”
I am speechless…
Of course, HIV is prevalent in this world. The nurses who work in the container clinic behind me estimate that 80 percent of the truckers and 60 percent of the sex workers who have gathered on this dusty piece of land are infected with HIV.
It means that nearly all the adult men and women on this piece of land have HIV, a truth that blows me away when it sinks in… But despite the fact that HIV is so prevalent, it’s not talked about much. On the contrary. At this truck stop HIV is not spoken about. Here they whisper about it, preferably after sunset. Telling a strange white man about your HIV test… no one does that.
Except for the unusual man standing in front of me…
“When you’ve finished with the nurse at the clinic, shall we talk?” I ask him.
FIRST MAN-TO-MAN TALK ABOUT HIV
“Did you get the result immediately?”
He nods. “It was positive.”
“I’m sorry to hear that.”
He looks unfazed, but I feel that appearances are deceiving. It must have been a shock. A positive HIV test is always a shock.
“I’m going to take the pills. Every day. Then you don’t die. I will be fine.”
“Yes,” I say, “that’s right. Look at me. I’ve been taking the pills for 20 years and I’m still not dead. And I’m not going to die either, not for a long time.”
He looks at me with eyes wide. He asks me three times to repeat “20 years”. He’s being told that you can grow old with HIV, that unlike 10 years ago, you aren’t necessarily sick from this virus, you won’t die.
But so much is said, so much is whispered.
“How old are you?” he asks. Because he wants to make sure I’m not fooling him.
“I’m 56.”
Okay, he thinks, then you can have the virus for 20 years. He takes my hand, shakes it long and enthusiastically. “I’m 28,” he says. “And you’re 56!?”
“You don’t look like an old man. You’re not sick.”
“I’m not sick. I work, I travel, I drink a beer, I’m talking to you here…. And I still do all the things that men do.”
The last makes him extremely happy. Men are attached to their man things, it’s as simple as that. We talk for at least five minutes about all those things you don’t often talk about, but which you can’t do without. Three times he expresses his surprise that I’m 56, because that’s really old, especially when you consider all the years that I’ve had the virus in my body. And yes, how good it is even if you’re so old, and have the virus in your body for so long, that “you can still be happy and do the thing.”
I’ve given him the gift of decades of life by my outpouring. That’s how he experiences it. After the setback of the positive test, this is a godsend.
I ask him if he wants to tell me what made him decide to do an HIV test. That’s no problem; after all, we’re friends now. Although he wonders how anyone can be helped by it.
“I’m a truck driver. I work for 11 months, but in December I’m free. Then I go home. We celebrate and party all month. I live in a village in Zimbabwe, two hours from Harare. But December last year, my wife behaved a bit odd. She was not happy to see me. There was much talk in the village. My sister told me that I had to ask my wife.”
“You have to ask her!”
“Then I discovered that my wife was secretly taking pills against the virus. She had another man, she said, who also had the virus. I was very angry and left the house. When I returned my wife was not there. Only our daughters were still at home. I have not seen my wife since.”
“’You should call her’, my sister said. I talked to her once. She did not want to come back, she said. Then the phone stopped working.”
My sister was angry with me. She told me to go and look for her and punish her, and the man she ran away with, too. ”
“Did you?”
“No. No, I did not.”
He really loved his wife. He was angry, of course he was angry, but if she had come back, it would have been okay. He wouldn’t have shut her out because she had the virus. They would have gone through it together.
It was January and he had to go back to work. His mother and his sister promised to take care of his daughters.
“Are your daughters healthy?”
“Yes, my daughters are healthy.”
The 7-year-old was tested first, and then again to be sure. Twice his mother sent him the good news. The 4-year-old was tested, and she was clear too. She still needs to be tested a second time, but he’s confident that she’s also free of the virus.
A CIGARETTE, AJAX AND AFRICA
He doesn’t smoke. The clumsy way he clamps the cigarette between his fingers betrays him. But that doesn’t spoil the enjoyment. We both feel deeply the happiness of this special moment. Because when two men sit at a table to talk about life, the intimacy between them is increased with every drag on a cigarette.
“What do you do when you are free, when you have to wait for the next load?”
“Then I clean the truck. And I talk to my friends… ”
“About what?”
“About everything! About the truck, about home, about football… We watch a lot of football together.”
“Back home where I live, in Amsterdam, I also watch a lot of football. I support Ajax… Sometimes I go to the stadium to see a game.”
He doesn’t believe me. How is it possible that he’s here talking to someone who occasionally sits in the stands at the great Ajax? Then he starts to laugh, a laugh that grows and grows, a laugh that increasingly bursts at the seams; and this cheerful disbelief is unstoppable. He hits the table with his hand … “Ajax!!! Ajax Amsterdam!!??”
“Yes, Ajax Amsterdam!”
“Good for you, man. Good for you! ”
He’s a smart guy. Wise, in an African style. He’s much more able to withstand the accidents in life than most people I know. I don’t doubt his ability to survive. He will always be able to see the horizon where happiness awaits him. He won’t go under. He is like Africa in the 21st century. Poor, pushed aside, infected with HIV, but with an unshakable belief that the future belongs to them. He doesn’t know my world. Ajax Amsterdam in the Arena is out of reach for him. But the day will come when it will be different, when he sits next to me in the stands.
SECOND MAN-TO-MAN TALK ABOUT HIV
It’s not easy to return to the reason for our conversation. HIV is never an easy subject to talk about.
“So in April you were tested, but the result of the test was unclear, and that is the reason why you came back today for a new test?”
He nods.
“Weren’t you worried over the past few months about the results of this new test? Did you think about not coming back at all? ”
“No. I knew I would be back in Pomona. I always come back here. I arrived two nights ago and made an appointment in the morning… I told the nurses at the clinic in April that I would come back.”
He had some physical complaints and was worried. But perhaps the most important reason for him to be retested was the responsibility he felt, being the eldest son and a father of two.
“I send my money to my mother in Zimbabwe so that she and my daughters can eat, and so that my children can go to school. If I keep taking the pills, I will stay healthy and I can stay on the truck. I have to, because there is no work in Zimbabwe…”
“I’m saving for my mother now. Then she can start her own business in a few years. Then I’m going to save up for a business for myself. Yes, in my village, if I can in my village. That’s better for my daughters. ”
“No longer driving the truck through Africa?”
“If I have a business, I’ll have a car.”
We drink some more, in silence, and then we’re finished.
“We’ll have to meet up again in 20 years,” I tell him. He takes that seriously.
“That’s good. That would be great.”
“You’ll be 48,” I say.
“Yes, 48, and you’ll be…”
It takes a while for it to sink in.
“That’s okay. Because you’re not going to die yet.”
“No, and neither are you.”
Russia Warrior
“Women are stronger than men when they have to deal with HIV.”
Truckers and
Sex workers
“Only if they buy me a new dress, then they can kiss me.”
Health services to hard-to-reach populations
North Star Alliance Clinic
“We support each other. We’re sisters. We always support each other.”
Florence and Brilliance
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Craig Marshall Smith
As part of her training in high school, this Canadian track star ran against her male counterparts. She had two ambitions: becoming a member of Canada's national track team and competing in the Olympics. Deborah Miller-Brown displayed hard work and determination. In 1968, her dreams were realized, as she became the first Black Nova Scotian to participate at the Olympics.
Originally from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Brown began her track career at age of eleven in Brantford, Ontario. The track records she set while in secondary school were an early indication of the success to come. Miller-Brown ran her best time, which was only two seconds shy of the world record in a race shortly before the Olympics. During her career, Miller-Brown also broke the Canadian women's record, in the 100-yard dash.
At age seventeen, Miller-Brown was one of the youngest track participants at the Olympics. She competed in the 100-yard event and with the Canadian women's relay team. Though failing to qualify for the finals, Miller-Brown clocked a time that led to her being ranked eighth in the world. Her hometown of Brantford was so proud of her accomplishments that the residents provided financial support through various fund raising events. A special fund was also collected to pay for Miller-Brown’s mother to accompany her to Mexico for the 1968 Olympics. Upon returning from the Olympics, Miller-Brown was awarded a Medal of Excellence in Sports from the Prime Minister.
Still involved in the sport, Miller-Brown has exchanged her participant role for a coaching role. Miller-Brown is currently coaching the track and field team at Saint Mary's University in Halifax.
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From migrant to volunteer, woman finds love in helping others and becomes a U.S. citizen
By Jeremy Carranco on April 2, 2018 People
Born in the Mexican town of Canutillo Durango on Sept. 5, 1953, Cleo Parrish struggled to gain United States citizenship for 45 years. On Sept. 14, 2016, her 45-year wait came to an end when she was declared a U.S. citizen.
“It was a surprise to me because I struggled understanding and learning English while I was crossing over,” said Parrish, 64. “I was nervous about the exams and my documents because they (U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services) ask for so much. But God worked it out for me and it felt amazing to finally get this right.”
In fiscal year 2016, Parrish became one of 752,800 immigrants who were naturalized nation-wide, a 14 percent increase from 2015, according to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services.
“I would cross over with my cousin and learn English a little bit at a time,” she said. “It was a relief to leave home as a kid because I always wanted to live in the U.S., and get good at everything English in order to become the U.S. citizen.”
In 2015, 516 people became U.S. citizens in El Paso during a unified gathering at the Abraham Chavez Theater. In addition, 43 percent of El Paso County’s population growth between 1970 and 1990 was a result of international migration of both documented and undocumented people, according to Center for Immigration Studies.
During that same period, immigration to the area contributed to an increase of 50,000 new workers to the local labor force, and an additional 20,000 to 25,000 that were commuter workers, residents of Mexico who travel to the U.S. for work.
Applicants for U.S. naturalization must meet certain requirements, including being at least 18 years of age, being a lawful permanent resident (green card holder), and having resided in the U.S. as a lawful permanent resident for at least five years. In addition, they are required to have been physically present in the U.S.for at least 30 months and be willing and able to take the Oath of Allegiance.
The ultimate deciding factor is an exam called the “Path of Citizenship” that tests applicants’ ability to understand the English language through speaking, reading and writing. A knowledge of U.S. government and history is also required.
“The verbal part of the exam was easy but I was nervous about the writing part,” Parrish said. “I had a choice to take it in English or Spanish so I took it in English and the guy (proctor) was surprised. I ended up passing with a 99 percent.”
During her 45-year journey of traveling back and forth from Mexico to the U.S., Parrish worked to help others at local public schools in Northeast El Paso.
“I didn’t cross to work,” she said. “I crossed to learn new things (English) and try new things in order to help others.”
Her husband Jerry Parrish, 71, a now retired U.S. Army Veteran, joined the service in 1968 and met his future wife four days after Valentine’s Day of 1977 in El Paso while stationed at Fort Bliss. Early in 1978, the couple moved to Germany because of Jerry Parrish’s involvement with the Army, and returned to the border region in July of 1981. They bought a house in Northeast El Paso, a few minutes drive from Desertaire Elementary.
It was at Desertaire where Parrish started to realize her love for helping others.
“Right away she got involved,” Jerry Parrish said. “If she gets involved with something she stays with it.”
The couple has three children. The oldest, Renee, 40, another daughter, Lucia, 37, and a son named Jerry Jr., 36. Renee was born four months before the couple moved to Germany and Lucia was born in Germany four months prior to their return to the Sun City. Jerry Jr. was born in El Paso at William Beaumont Army Medial Center.
With the couple’s oldest (Renee) having to deal with a health complication, the family hasn’t stopped loving one another despite the difficulty.
“Renee has had some problems in her life so she’s living with us,” Jerry Parrish said. “Being bipolar has unfortunately taken a toll on her and caused a lot of problems but I’m proud of all my children and love them all equally.”
The Parrish’s family bonds are as strong as Cleo Parrish’s devotion to volunteering. Her drive eventually led her to her first paying job in the U.S. as a cafeteria worker at Parkland High School in November of 1991, just minutes away from where she volunteered at Desteraire Elementary.
Her job at Parkland consisted of cutting fruit, making burritos during breakfast hours, and seasoning and preparing the food. Aside from dealing with the food, Parrish helped in any way she could.
“You have to cook with love, with your own love,” Parrish said. “Some kids (students) come to school hungry, looking for a meal every day and to know that I helped in making sure they ate was special to me.”
After 26 years, Cleo retired from Parkland High in June of last year. She said considers that period in her time there was better than anything else she had ever done in life because of what she was contributing to the local community.
“I would buy things like shirts or chocolate from the students or whatever they were selling because it helped them,” Cleo said. “Me and Jerry still go to the football games today because we’re fans of the school; we care about this place.”
Wanda Reyes, the current assistant manager at Parkland High School’s cafeteria, first met Cleo when she first arrived on campus in 2011. Reyes said that Cleo was not only a hard worker that cared for others, but was pretty good at the cooking part too.
“She worked everywhere and was here the longest,” Reyes said. “She was a server, she was a cook, she did salads and helped in just about every food section. Her work ethic was always excellent and (she) is still an awesome cook.”
Although now retired, Parrish continues to visit her former coworkers at Parkland High and sometimes even volunteers.
“They’re like my family,” she said. “I volunteer, I help others, it’s what I do.”
Today, Cleo works part time at a local EP Fitness in Northeast El Paso and says she is the happiest she has ever been.
“I love my job at EP Fitness,” she said. “I love the members and all the special people I run into that I knew from my time at Parkland. One lady came in one day with her husband and she said ‘we graduated in 1993, do you still work there?’ and I told her ‘No, I volunteer.’”
Museum therapy helping soldiers deal with PTSD
A recent grant from the Texas Commission on the Arts is helping the El Paso…
Volunteering finds its way from the classroom into the community
EL PASO — The concept of volunteer work is evolving rapidly within higher education as…
A soldier finds it hard to shed the war in civilian life
SAN ANTONIO, Texas — This Fourth of July, the Cardona family had more to celebrate…
United Way helps millennials give back to the Borderland through RISE
Martial Arts organization teaches discipline, respect and self-defense to children
Jeremy Carranco
Jeremy Carranco is a multimedia journalism major at UT El Paso graduating Spring 2018.
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10 Last-Place Facts
1) Only four of the eleven top-ranked last-place finishers have failed to win a NASCAR Sprint Cup race, and all four of them were prolific owner-drivers: J.D. McDuffie, G.C. Spencer, Jimmy Means, and Neil Castles.
2) Derrike Cope holds the record for the most last-place finishes in a single season when he picked up six driving for owner Raynard McGlynn in 2006.
3) Jimmy Means’ owner-driver operation holds the modern-era record for most last-place finishes by a team in a single season when the team picked up 9 in 1992. Means picked up three while co-drivers John McFadden and Graham Taylor picked up four and two, respectively.
4) The most laps led by any last-place finisher was 95 by Greg Biffle, the polesitter for last May’s Dodge Avenger 500 at Darlington. An engine failure knocked him out on lap 234.
5) Drivers have finished last without completing a single lap of the race 131 times in NASCAR history, most recently in 2006 when Tom Hubert crashed on the first lap of the Toyota/Save Mart 350 at the Infineon Raceway.
6) The season with the fewest first-time last-place finishers was one in 1997: when Buckshot Jones crashed out of the finale at Atlanta. Every NASCAR season has had at least one first-time last-place finisher.
7) No driver has ever picked up more than two last-place finishes in a row, but in May of 1997, Geoffrey Bodine’s team finished last in three straight races: Sears Point, Talladega, and Charlotte. Geoffrey drove the team’s #7 in the first two races, but was injured in a practice wreck at Charlotte. Geoffrey's brother Todd took over driving duties that weekend and was taken out in an early crash. As a side note, Geoffrey returned to the #7 the following week at Dover and finished next-to-last with Bobby Hillin, Jr. taking last place.
8) Not only have all three of road racer Tom Hubert’s last-place finishes come at the Infineon Raceway, but they happened in three consecutive years (2004, 2005, 2006).
9) Dale Earnhardt has five last-place finishes, including three in 1992, but he never finished 43rd.
10) Entering 2009, some notable active drivers without a single last-place finish include Clint Bowyer, David Gilliland, Kevin Harvick, Jimmie Johnson, Kasey Kahne, Chad McCumbee, David Ragan, Boris Said, Johnny Sauter, and Regan Smith.
davidd said...
I believe Jeff Gordon finished in 43rd place in the spring race at Texas last year (2008) and that was the first time in his 15-year career. A pretty impressive stat.
Brock Beard said...
Actually, according to my statistics, Jeff Gordon also finshed 43rd at Texas in 1999. Poor Jeff has had so much bad luck at that track!
you as usual sir, are correct. That's the same race "Texas Tery" won. so Jeffy-O has had 2 last-place finishes. Still a pretty good ratio!
Not bad for him at all if you check out some of the other guys in the rankings! In total, Jeff Gordon has 5 last-place finishes in his Sprint Cup career, but only those two happened in 43-car fields. His other three were Atlanta in the spring of '97 (42 cars) and both North Wilkesboro races in '93 (34 cars).
Last-Place Finishers: Can-Am Duel at Daytona (1959...
Last-Place Finishers: The All-Star Race (1985-pres...
Last-Place Finishers: The Clash at Daytona
CUP: Most Last-Place Finishes (1949-present)
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In many of the discussions surrounding Christopher West's interpretation of "Theology of the Body", West invokes John Paul II talking about the "Hermeneutic of Suspicion." I'd like to offer a very brief outline of this understanding.
As anyone who studies Church history knows, the Church has dealt with various heresies. Sometimes, those heretical concepts colored the judgement of even good and honorable men, some even saints! St. Hippolytus was an anti-pope. Tertullian died outside of the Church due to his Montanism. St. Cyprian through his rigorous orthodoxy at times lacked Christian charity towards the lapsed, and Pope St. Stephen rebuked him for it.
That this mindset has also colored the worldview of some Catholics throughout the years in the battle to present an authentically Christian view of sexuality is not surprising. We know that the Manichean influences that Augustine was once associated with at times led to some problematic statements he made regarding sexuality. While one should be very careful in substantiating the charge, there are those throughout Church history, even saints, who had a very dismissive view of sex and sexuality. This is why we must take great care to understand their statements in a wide context. Charity requires that we first attempt to reconcile their statements with the greater Catholic tradition.
I believe the precise opposite has happened with the debate surrounding Christopher West and those who defend him. A classic example of this occurs in the comboxes at Sr. Lorraine's blog. After what was a fairly boilerplate discussion, the topic turned to the importance of the marital embrace within marriage. Some were arguing that it was the "central" and "fullest" way of understanding the "spousal meaning of the body." Wade St. Onge objected to this line of thought, and used St. Frances De Sales to buttress his claims:
Married people ought not to keep their affections fixed on the sensual pleasures of their vocation, but ought afterwards to wash their hearts to purify them as soon as possible, so that they may then with a calm mind devote themselves to other purer and higher activities. (Introduction to the Devout Life, Part III, Chapter 39: “The Sanctity of the Marriage Bed”)
The response of Sr. Lorraine was telling.
Well, Wade,it seems to me that the quote from St Francis de Sales perhaps has a bit of the attitude of suspicion, as John Paul might call it..... But when he says "wash their hearts to purify them" he seems to imply that they were somehow made impure by conjugal union. But authentic conjugal union marked by love is not an impure activity, so why would they need to be thereafter purified? Even some of the saints had traces of Manichaean attitudes, as probably most of us do still have them in some ways.
I find this troubling in a number of ways. Most importantly, she's accusing a Doctor of the Church of Manichean tendencies. Not just any doctor, but one of the great spiritual masters of the Church, of whom Pope Pius XI said the following:
What is more, it appears that Francis de Sales was given to the Church by God for a very special mission. His task was to give the lie to a prejudice which in his lifetime was deeply rooted and has not been destroyed even today, that the ideal of genuine sanctity held up for our imitation by the Church is impossible of attainment or, at best, is so difficult that it surpasses the capabilities of the great majority of the faithful and is, therefore, to be thought of as the exclusive possession of a few great souls. St. Francis likewise disproved the false idea that holiness was so hedged around by annoyances and hardships that it is inadaptable to a life lived outside cloister walls. (Rerum Omnium Perturbationem )
I submit it is quite imprudent to charge one of the great spiritual masters with Manichean tendencies, unless you have some real evidence. Sister Lorraine provides none. While some may find the quote Wade cited troubling, reading the context helps give a far better understanding of the text in mind. I submit that not only is the great Doctor assured of his spiritual orthodoxy, but he provides a large problem for the partisans of Mr. West.
There is one problem with the quote: depending on which version you have, it will or will not exist. An interesting discussion for scholars of St. Frances, but we need not bother ourselves with this debate. The context of the discussion surrounds that of over-indulgence. In giving his advice on the marriage bed, St. Frances says the following:
The marriage bed must be undefiled, as the apostle says, that is to say, kept free from uncleanness and all profane filthiness. Holy wedlock was first instituted in the earthly paradise, where as yet there never had been any disorder of concupiscence or of anything immodest.
We see here that St. Frances talks about the divine origin of marriage. God instituted marriage, and it is something that helps the spouses grow in holiness. There are those who take their warped views into the bedroom, and give us all kinds of perversity. (A popular example is Dr. Gregory Popcak's "one rule" which states that almost anything goes in the bedroom, provided contraception isn't used and the spouse's fulfillment is in mind.)
He then goes on to point out that like anything else, humans can abuse what was given to us by God. He demonstrates how to eat is holy, but people abuse eating into gluttony:
Just as to eat, not for the preservation of life, but to keep up that mutual intercourse and consideration which we owe to each other, is a thing in itself both very just and lawful, so the mutual and lawful compliance of the persons united in holy marriage is called by St. Paul a debt. But it is a debt so great that he allows neither of the parties exemption from it without the free and voluntary consent of the other....
After talking about the varying degrees of which indulgence is permitted (provided the primary purpose of marriage not thwarted), St. Frances says:
In truth, nuptial commerce, which is so holy, just and commendable in itself and most profitable to the commonwealth, is yet in certain cases dangerous to those that exercise it. Sometimes it causes their souls to be seriously ill with venial sin, as in cases of simple excess. Sometimes it kills it effectually by mortal sin, as when the order appointed for the procreation of children is violated and perverted. In this latter case according as one departs more or less from this order, the sins are more or less abominable, but they are always mortal. The procreation of children is the first and principal end of marriage. Hence no one may ever lawfully depart from the due order that that end requires.
Let us remember that above all, St. Frances was a pastor of souls. He understood well that sexual temptation is a serious issue, even in marriage. Even in marriage, even in the just, there can still be the temptation to use and exploit another person for your own ends. The more one focuses on the sensual, the greater that danger is, just as the more one focuses on the pleasure food provides, the greater the risk of gluttony and over-eating. It is in this context that the quote from Wade is given. St. Frances continues afterwards:
In this advice consists the perfect practice of that excellent doctrine which St. Paul gave to the Corinthians: "The time is short," said he, "it remaineth that they also who have wives be as though they have none." According to St. Gregory,' that man has a wife as if he had none, who takes bodily consolation with her in such a manner as not to be diverted from spiritual demands. What is said of the husband is understood likewise of the wife. "Let those that use the world," says the same apostle, "be as though they used it not".... We should enjoy spiritual things but only use corporal. When their use is turned into enjoyment, our rational soul is also changed into a brutish and beastly soul.
St. Frances is not saying that the marital embrace is unholy. Quite the contrary. He is telling people to exercises it properly, and to never let it interfere with your spiritual duties, especially those towards your spouse. Good as the marital embrace may be, it is not the epitome of marriage. Though it is a readily available sign of the union of husband and wife that they are "one flesh", one can think of even greater signs. (Indeed, St. Joseph did not partake in marital relations with the Blessed Mother, yet in John Paul II's eyes they practiced the spousal meaning of the body par excellence.)
Now is St. Frances saying that one can take no enjoyment from the marital embrace? Certainly not. What he is saying is that the said enjoyment of yourself should never be the main focus. How many people do we know, even in marriage, who are only thinking of themselves and their "needs." The more one focuses on their needs, the more likely they will start neglecting their spouse. If indeed the marital embrace is supposed to provide (however faint) a glimpse of the enjoyment we spend in heaven, should we not afterwards stay focused on what that is, instead of what gave that enjoyment?
I believe I have demonstrated that on this area, and so many others, the great doctor is truly above "suspicion." The question becomes: Why is he not taken at his word? I believe that if we do take this great spiritual master at his word, the positions of Mr. West and his associates are quite hard to justify, as I intend to prove another time.
dcs October 21, 2010 at 6:25 PM
Not to pat a fellow partisan on the back, but this is masterful.
Kevin October 21, 2010 at 6:33 PM
Thanks dcs. It just amazes me how people, in their attempt to defend something, absolutely throw some of the greatest Christians in history under the bus.
One should take great care in even insinuating that statement in public, even if you agree with it.
I'm sure the pro-West crowd will just love to read what St. Francis has to say about the marriage debt.
I have to say that the charge of "Manichaean" from West's defenders is turning into a bromide. I don't think the Manichaean heresy had a lot of influence on the Church. One can't just blurt out "Manichaean!" whenever one encounters a writing that doesn't conform to one's idea of what the Church teaches today.
The irony is that Manichaeism is a gnostic heresy, professing to bring salvation through knowledge. Isn't that a bit like what West & Co. are teaching? All we have to do is know TOB, the fullness of the Church's teaching on sex, and then we'll be able to achieve mature purity and be freed from concupiscence.
Nick October 22, 2010 at 6:46 PM
I really enjoyed this article; it was well done.
Anyone who knows even the basics can see St Francis was simply giving a commentary on 1 Cor 7 (which is essentially being ignored by many on the West side).
What made me laugh was when you said the only "problem" was whether that original quote was authentic or not...yet that quote is nothing but a restatement of 1 Cor 7:5,
"Do not deprive each other except by mutual consent and for a time, so that you may devote yourselves to prayer. Then come together again so that Satan will not tempt you because of your lack of self-control."
Sister Lorraine can't really accuse the first quote of being Manichean without also accusing St Paul of the same thing!
Hello Nick,
Perhaps I should clarify. I never doubted the authenticity of the quote. Just that certain versions of De Sales' work do not carry that section, yet the original of course does.
Greg November 2, 2010 at 3:54 PM
Kevin, do you have the particular source for Fr. Loya's statement?
Kevin November 2, 2010 at 4:46 PM
Yes, I now do. When Catholic Exchange re-designed their entire site, a lot of the old links got broke.
I'll be re-adding the link now that it is good again.
For now:
http://catholicexchange.com/2010/02/15/135034/
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History of AA in Orlando: Intergroup History and Highlights
The following article appeared in the October 1976 issue of THE INTERGROUPER. It had been presented at the first annual Appreciation Banquet, held September 18; the speaker was Sandy B. from Alexandria, Virginia.
INTERGROUP HISTORY AND HIGHLIGHTS
by John Van D.
Prior to March 1971, all calls to AA in the Central Florida area were handled by a commercial answering service, which in turn referred the calls to a small but devoted list of 12th steppers.
In March of 1971, delegates from the then 15 groups in the area organized what has since been known as Central Florida AA Intergroup Services. A chairman, Bill T., and a secretary-treasurer, Ed J., were elected, and the late Bill S. first volunteered and then was paid to answer the phone in a room on the second floor of the Alco-An Club on East Jackson Street. At that time there was a total of 39 12th-step volunteers, 25 men and 14 women, on the Intergroup list.
Calls Logged
In the nine months of 1971 that calls were logged, a total of 1,105 calls were received and handled through the Intergroup Office. Regular meetings of Intergroup officers and delegates were held each month at the Alco-An Club.
A Move and New Activities
In the summer of 1972, Intergroup moved into the office building at 205 E. Jackson, the building where it. is located to this day. AA volunteers manned the office phone six days a week, and other volunteers stood by for calls relayed by T.A.S. on evenings and weekends. Institutional committees and public information committees began carrying the message to jails and hospitals, to schools, universities and civic and religious groups, and through the press and radio. In that year, 2,000 calls were logged.
In August of 1973, an AA was hired as office manager, as the number of calls rose to 3,690 during that year. In August of 1973, THE INTERGROUPER (our sterling AA journal) completed its first year of publishing. Calls to the Intergroup telephone rose steadily to 4,352 in 1974, 5,308 in 1975 and through the month of August 1976, 3,679. In six years, that’s more than 20,000 calls.
Growth in the Area
Groups and group meetings increased at an equally rapid rate. Today, Intergroup’s meetings list shows 39 AA groups, offering 84 meetings each week. Today, more than 150 men and women have volunteered for 12th-step work in the Central Florida area. Group and individual support, both in services and financially, has enabled the Intergroup to meet its responsibility under our Fifth Tradition…’’Each group has but one primary purpose, to carry its message to the alcoholic who still suffers…”
“I am responsible when anyone, anywhere reaches out for help. I want the hand of AA always to be there. And for that: I am responsible.”
Previous Article: History of AA in Orlando: Traditions In Action / Next Article: History of AA in Orlando: Minorities & AA
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Between 22 and 31 May 2009 the Chief Executive of Change4Change, Martin Jeffs and his daughter Rebecca were in India visiting projects.
However, the story started long before then. On 16 November 2007, we received an e-mail from Samuel Joshua Geddam in the district of West Godavari in Andhra Pradesh.
After sometime we were able to validate Joshua as a trustworthy individual and received a proposal from him for sewing machines (ordinary and zig zag) and basket making kits.
Change4Change is a charity that raises funds in the UK to set up sustainable businesses in the developing world, usually by loans which recirculate in the relevant country. No administration fess are taken out of funds raised as these are all financed by the Trustees of the charity and so 100% of all donations are used on projects,
Meanwhile, back to the story, on 29 February 2008, we agreed to finance 10 ordinary sewing machines, 10 zig zag sewing machines and 10 basket making kits and sent funds of £1,560 to India.
It very quickly became apparent that Joshua not only understood what we wanted to achieve with re-circulating the funds, but also quickly had an efficient organisation on the ground with Co-ordinators in the various villages to supervise the projects and collect the loans, which incidentally are interest free.
Joshua also provided us with regular reports and photographs, which are very important to us.
Because of the initial success we proceeded to finance more projects.
In September 2008, Joshua asked us to consider financing some village stores at a cost of £200 each and then in November put a proposal to us to finance bore wells for villages without water at a cost of £600 each, which the villagers would take responsibility for and repay in 18 monthly instalments.
By the time of our visit in May 2009 we had financed the following:-
Ordinary Sewing Machines
Zig Zag Sewing Machines
Basket Making Kits
Further machines and funds
What was really inspiring was that with the loan repayments we were able to distribute further machines and funds which brought the numbers to:-
This means that up to that point we had financed projects here to the value of £9,720 but that the value of current projects was £18,888 affecting the lives of 281 families.
What was also exciting was that 60 of the businesses that had been set up had now repaid their loans in full and so far on the 281 projects not one person had missed even one loan repayment which is absolutely phenomenal.
In addition to all this we have also financed 20 bore wells affecting the lives of around 8,000 people with the loan repayments financing a new bore well each month from now on.
But what people really want to know are the stories.
India is quite an experience for anybody who has never been and the roads and driving are quite something. You must drive with only one hand on the steering wheel as the other is required for the continuous sounding of the horn.
Also the "triple" speed bumps are a work of art! This means that by the time the front wheels have cleared the third bump the rear wheels hit the first. The resultant "shake up" will remove any loose teeth you may have.
During our time in India we probably had a minimum of 5 to 7 power cuts each day which tends to leave the air conditioning pretty ineffective.
I was presented with a flower holder that was made by the basket makers as a gift.
One of the young boys who now runs a village store was desperate to find the means to make a living and as no banks would lend him any funds, he became suicidal. He was at this point introduced to Change4Change who provided the funds to buy his business and make a living. We may have literally saved his life!
A lady and her daughter run a village store selling drinks etc. The husband had died and they were left with no means of support until Change4Change financed the purchase of the store.
Another lady, opened a café at the local court where she sold breakfast to people attending court as well as providing meals for the officials. She had also put in a public phone so that people attending court could contact their families if required.
Newspapers, radio and television
On our final morning in West Godavari we were presented to the newspapers, radio and television which was quite an experience.
We were later asked by representatives of two other districts being East Godavari and Krishna if we would be prepared to do something similar in those states as we had already done in West Godavari.
On 31st May we flew back to England, however this is not the end of the story it is just...
The Begining!
Note – In June/July 2009 we financed a further 15 village stores in West Godavari and then 10 ordinary sewing machines, 10 zig zag sewing machines, 10 basket making kits, 5 village stores and 16 bore wells in each of East Godavari and Krishna.
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Coddling the Rich?
Comments Off on Coddling the Rich?
by Peter on August 24, 2011 in Uncategorized
Billionaire Warren Buffet, also known as “The Oracle of Omaha,” works hard to keep a folksy, down-to-earth reputation despite a net worth reaching as high as $62 billion. His Berkshire Hathaway shareholder meetings are the rock concerts of the investment world, attracting upwards of 40,000 attendees, and his annual letter to shareholders is pored over like the latest pronouncement from the pope. Buffet has become a favorite “go-to” guy when lawmakers and reporters need a voice of financial reason, and he has weighed in on topics as diverse as the government bailouts, stimulus spending, and stock market gyrations.
So it’s no surprise that Buffet has something to say about taxes. What’s surprising is that he thinks people like himself and his mega-rich friends should pay more! Last week, he wrote a piece in the New York Times calling on government to stop coddling the super-rich. “Last year my federal tax bill — the income tax I paid, as well as payroll taxes paid by me and on my behalf — was $6,938,744,” Buffet writes. “That sounds like a lot of money. But what I paid was only 17.4 percent of my taxable income — and that’s actually a lower percentage than was paid by any of the other 20 people in our office. Their tax burdens ranged from 33 percent to 41 percent and averaged 36 percent.”
Buffet’s solution? He argues that Congress should raise rates immediately on the 236,883 taxpayers reporting income over $1 million, and raise them even further on the 8,274 earning more than $10 million. “My friends and I have been coddled long enough by a billionaire-friendly Congress,” he concludes. “It’s time for our government to get serious about shared sacrifice.”
Buffet saw his net worth drop $25 billion in just 12 months during 2008 and 2009. He’s shown he can handle a little financial pain, and he probably won’t miss any extra he pays in tax. But what about everyone else?
Three days later, The Wall Street Journal countered Buffet’s argument and accused him of volunteering the middle class for a tax increase. The Journal cited their own former editor Barney Kilgore’s observation that it’s easy for rich people to call for higher taxes because they already have their money. And they pointed out what they called three flaws in Buffet’s argument:
1. Much of the income Buffet says isn’t taxed enough consists of “qualified corporate dividends,” which are already taxed before they even reach him at corporate rates of up to 35%.
2. Taxing “the rich” alone won’t raise enough to close the deficit gap because there just aren’t enough of them. That’s why the President has called for higher taxes on families making over $250,000 per year, most of whom aren’t billionaires or even millionaires.
3. Finally, Buffet has already sheltered the bulk of his fortune from future taxes by pledging it to a charitable foundation.
If you’re not sitting on a billion-dollar fortune, you have a couple of ways to look at Buffet’s call — whether you think taxes should go up or not. Those of you who think taxes are high enough already can see how he uses perfectly legal tax planning to cut his own tax to the legal minimum — and resolve to do the same ourselves. Those of you who think the government really does need more revenue can see his voice as adding weight to the growing chorus for that revenue. Whichever side you take, though, we’re here to keep your taxes to the absolute minimum possible.
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Legal Advice to the Georgia-Pacific Company (Law Essay Sample)
/ Samples / Law / Legal Advice To The Georgia Pacific Company
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Check Out Our Legal Advice to the Georgia-Pacific Company Essay
The company, which is going to be reviewed, is “Georgia-Pacific”. This company was founded by Owen R. Cheatham in 1927 as a hardwood lumber’s wholesaler (which was named at that time “Georgia Hardwood Lumber Co.”). During all its history, it has changed its names as well as the headquarters several times (Augusta, Olympia, Portland and then to Atlanta).
The “Georgia-Pacific” has grown through acquisitions and expansion and became one of the leading manufacturers as well as marketers of pulp, building products, tissue, packaging, paper, and related chemicals in the world.
This company employs more than 40,000 people at more than 300 locations not only in the USA but also worldwide. Moreover, during 1941-1945, it was probably the larger supplier of lumber to the U.S. armed forces. For the outstanding service in the war, “Georgia-Pacific” was awarded by the Army-Navy “E”.
The company believes in creating long-term customers, value, and business partners. All the employees are guided by principles of Market Based Management. It should be noticed, these principles are based on compliance and integrity; they also force the company to develop achieving world-class excellence. The “Georgia-Pacific” strives to find new and better ways to support the consumers’ needs and produce goods.
The “Georgia-Pacific” has a strong belief to make significant contributions, which are going to support the environment. The employees of “Georgia-Pacific” work closely with mostly non-profit organizations to facilitate growth and sustainability.
The “Georgian-Pacific” has a lot of programs, initiative and maintains some scholarships. For example, it has partnered with Womenetics. The aim of this partnership is to encourage future leaders to learn more about Global Women’s Initiative, to inspire action and cooperation among leaders in different spheres and to lift actions which are going to make a difference in women’s lives all around the world. The “Georgia-Pacific” has even created its own foundation which main aim is to strengthen the communities where everyone lives and works. The Foundation invests its sources in 4 key areas – “the Four E’s”, as its members call them: entrepreneurship and community enrichment, education, and environment.
One of the most important initiatives that the Georgia-Pacific has is a ‘Georgia-Pacific Sustainability’. The company defines it as meeting the needs that society has today. The “Georgia-Pacific” considers that sustainability has three dimensions – social, environmental, and economic. In making decisions, it tries to find a proper balance among all these dimensions and to achieve the subsequent results.
The social dimensions are: better life for people, supporting for communities, maintenance of quality work environment, etc. As for the environmental dimensions, they are: wise use of resources, compliance with law, operating in safe, responsible, efficient manner. The third dimension is economic: profitability maintenance, making the products which are preferred at the market, etc.
As for the sustainable forestry, it means that the way the forests are insured today the better or worst forests people will have in the future. Due to the “Statement on Forest Protection and Sustainable Practices”, there is a need for a company to protect endangered forests or the forests in special areas. It is not only a benefit for customers who buy a good and legal product, but also for a company to improve its image. At this program, the company is focused on science which will help to identify the location of unique or rare areas, which are to be kept and maintained for the future generations.
In addition, this company works on creation of long-term value, using resources to provide wholly new products and solutions that meet the needs not only of customers but also of society, operating in a socially responsible and environmentally manner.
The second initiative to be reviewed is the “Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Leverages Open Innovation”. This program is focused on opening innovations by seeking development partners to expedite significant technology advancements, support opportunities of growth, and address customer needs.
The open innovation strategy helps the company to provide the opportunity to channel the technology of partners to meet both the visions of the “Georgia-Pacific” and satisfy its customers’ objectives.
The “Georgia-Pacific Chemicals” seeks partners within universities, entrepreneurs, both federal and private laboratories, and other corporations that have or can have the technologies of interest to leverage the development capabilities and its own application.
Administrative Law and the Initiatives
These initiatives are considered as long-terms ones so it should be taken into account that later they will need some changes due to the law changes. Mostly all the programs and initiatives the “Georgia-Pacific” has are ecological ones.
The strategy is right. If the company produces goods made from the environmental products, so the company needs to act restoring it for the future generations.
To make the future work of the company effective, additional bodies are to be made. According to the first initiative, tree bodies should be made: the first one will enforce to work making no harm to the environment. If the problems appear, the other bodies will solve it without coercive measures made by the authorities. The Members of the second body will investigate and explore the market. It will help the company understand what customers want to buy and what products are demanded. Third body will study the results of both previous bodies’ work: was the harm caused by reviewed company, what decisions were to be made, what changes should be taken.
According to the next initiative, two bodies have to be established, which will
examine whether the innovations are new, do they have technical capabilities (1st body), and whether they meet the needs of customers (2nd body).
These bodies have to be controlled by the legislative body. The final decisions are made by the body of higher authority. However, if the situation appears when there is a need of instant decision, these bodies have a right to make it with proceeding notification.
At the end of each fiscal period, the legislative body should carry out verification of activities. This verification should be made carefully as the results of illegal activities of such company have more or less impact on the environment in which we live.
The leaders of the company should understand that the products they produce can be sold either by the direct sales or through the Internet. A customer wants to see, sometimes even touch such products as wood, pulp or other materials. In this case, the sales are carried at shops or factories. On the other hand, the “Georgia-Pacific” receives a great image and one of the most profitable companies in the world. If a customer knows it, he or she can buy goods by means of the Internet or make an order by telephone.
It should also be noticed that “Georgia-Pacific” is a world well-known company which have its branches and representative offices all over the world. That is why there will be no profit from giving a license as customers will continue to buy at the “Georgia-Pacific” company as they have already known the product quality, which is represented, and the quality of service that is provided.
The profit of these initiatives can be received only when people will understand the importance of products which make no harm to society and environment. Currently, society understood this problem and started to make steps towards healthy way of life.
Nevertheless, “Georgia-Pacific” should, firstly, expand the program of protecting the environment widely. The posters and slogans should be distributed everywhere. These steps will draw attention to the company and will eliminate other competitors. In addition, the novelty and appropriate, safe processing of raw materials must be fully patented, making the production of even a little bit similar product impossible.
Death Penalty in the United States of America
Crime in the United States of America
Human Rights Act
Summary on Listened Files
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The Mormons' trademark shiny happy disposition is a great fit for the toothy smiles and jazz hands of musical theatre. The form's protocols are observed, but the satire cuts through the suffocating good cheer that would normally put me off. The cast have the difficult task of balancing bathos with pathos. Too much of the former and you are left with a simple diatribe against the self-delusions of religion, and anyone can do that. What is more interesting is the way religions actually work. The question that needs answering is WHY people believe these 'fucking weird', even malicious, fabrications. The Book of Mormon attempts an answer, with some success. One of the great ideas in the show is the way Elder Cunningham draws on his pop culture knowledge (Star Wars, The Lord of the Rings) as a resource when adapting the Mormon holy text. This both demonstrates the way narratives are stitched together from previously articulated narratives (whatever is available), and the way religious movements have done this in the past to stay relevant. Arguably Christ used Judaism for his own purposes, as Joseph Smith used Christianity for his.
Following on from the previous post, alarm bells will start ringing whenever privileged writers try to portray less privileged cultures. Trey Stone and Matt Parker are white guys setting much of their story in Uganda, and they ask their cast to speak with African accents. To their credit, they partly get around the difficulty by very blatantly calling it out while the characters are still in America, and they continue to do so: the missionaries chant 'I am Africa!' when they successfully convert the village, and there is even a dig at Bono (who is fair game as far as I'm concerned). Parker and Stone mostly stick to making fun of American attitudes, and if you were being kind you could lump 'maggots in my scrotum' and sex with babies to cure AIDS as part of the same satirical project. However, they do also take a stab at evoking the genuine African experience by giving Nikki M. James a solo where she dreams of living a life less 'shitty'. Again, pathos expertly mixed with bathos. And any worries I had about the imposition of alien attitudes onto an existing culture were blown away by the strength of her performance. The cast as a whole were brilliant, which certainly helps Stone and Parker get away with it.
Index: Religion, Theatre
The controversy over the book's 'orientalism' is certainly worth paying attention to. Obviously, Craig Thompson is an American depicting a vaguely Middle Eastern setting and culture, which will inevitably set alarm bells ringing. It doesn't help that the book features a sultan's harem, slavery, and the sexual abuse of children and women. The author certainly doesn't exhibit a sense of superiority. Neither is there a significant amount of 'othering' going on, at least on a conscious level (not like, say, Frank Herbert's concern over the hubris of 'Western man'). If anything, Habibi ends on a distinctly cosmopolitan note. I'm thinking particularly of the third and fourth panel on p.672, where the new family walk into and are lost in a crowd of people – out of the story and into our lives – Thompson is working under the assumption that the characters he is portraying ultimately share the same essence and worth as us, and that condescension or idolization are both to be avoided. The author's intentions are irreproachable in that respect.
If I have a problem with the book, it is with Thompson's predilection for over-explaining himself, brought out particularly in the eighth, image-less, chapter. His characters sometimes spend too much time telling the reader the precise reasons behind their emotions or actions. That said, Thompson's sense of precision is also one of the book's great strengths, in that it is put together with extreme care as a visual narrative. He employes a dazzling array of devices (repetitions, contrasts, symbols) in telling the story, to the extent where I get the impression the book could work as a pretty solid primer for the range of possibilities presented by the comics form. In that spirit, I'll note some of the effects I noticed in the first chapter below.
The first panel of a drop of ink is all meta, obv, but the idea as developed in the rest of the page is a bit more subtle than that. Sure, this is the creation of the story as well as the world, but the ink is also a river – a sustainer of life. The book will continue with these transitions between religious myths and lived experience. Indeed, one of its main themes will be the way such bedtime stories layer and make sense of our reality.
The page is divided into a nine-panel grid. Later on, Thompson will explicitly draw attention to the range of patterns that can be worked into these nine squares – the fact that they can be read vertically and diagonally as well as horizontally. This is also brought out on the first page. The middle panels make reference to the water / earth / fire / air idea which will be significant later. There is a certain male-female contrast between the left and right of the page. Finally, panels 3 and 9 foreshadow the very end of the book: where our heroes decide to go up the river, and where Dodola is freed from the predations of a patriarchal society.
On the next two pages there is a cross-page contrast between a hand holding money on the top left corner and a hand holding a pen on top right (which also recalls the very first panel). Dodola appears to be sold for water as well as money – the issue of control and exploitation of natural resources is something the book will continue to explore.
Page 12 is another nine-panel grid, with certain visual repetitions when read vertically. The final panel on that page ('So pure') is called back to on page 14 ('It proves that you were pure') – the veneration suggested by the act of washing the feet contrasted with the subjection of the veil. The image of the veil is carried on to the next page, where it symbolises people's separation from the divine essence – the separation of reality and storytelling. The implication being that writing can lift that veil.
The next couple of pages map out a progression from literacy to knowledge and corruption – an orthodox reading of the fall of man as a journey from the innocence of childhood to the experience of adulthood. Page 19 literally draws a religious frame around the events portrayed in page 22.
The 'River Map' of the chapter's title refers to the nine-square maths problem which stops the flooding in Dodola's story, but also serves as a metaphor for the imposition of order on an unpredictable world. Taking that a bit further in a meta direction, comics are also a way of imposing order on reality – magic charms that will protect us against devils and make us braver when faced with the unknown. The story will go on to explore other themes, and this first chapter almost serves as an introduction to the methodology Thompson will use to do so. For me, this internal logic makes it the strongest of the lot.
Index: Comics, Religion
The Castle of Cagliostro
I remember Harold Bloom said somewhere that the object of Don Quixote's quest is ultimately unanswerable, that he endures his many humiliations because the reader demands it of him. I was reminded of this at the end of The Castle of Cagliostro (Hayao Miazaki's first film), when Clarisse asks Lupin to stay with her, and Lupin physically pulls himself away from the proposition. He can't settle down. Why? Unanswerable by the film itself, it's because the readers of the manga and the watchers of the anime series demand that Lupin stay the same adventurer-thief. Telling that such a finale does not feel like a cynical move to ensure the viability of further sequels, but rather suggests comparisons with Cervantes. Fact is, in that moment, I believed that Lupin is genuinely torn up at the prospect of love and serenity at the cost of abandoning his true self and forgoing a life of danger and excitement. Whatever essential qualities the character embodies (and I knew nothing about Lupin III before watching this film) Miazaki did a fine job of encapsulating them, and demonstrating just how essential they are.
Index: Film, Hayao Miyazaki, Literature
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California Chrome wins Meydan’s Dubai World Cup 2016
Marco Virgili
English, Events, Sport
On Saturday March 26 2016, California Chrome wins the $10m Dubai World Cup, the richest race of the season, by three-and-three-quarter lengths in a course record time. California Chrome finished second behind a surprise winner in the same race 12 months ago.
Victor Espinoza, California Chrome’s jockey, said he felt his saddle starting to slip at an early stage but he steered the 2014 Kentucky Derby winner to an emphatic success. Sherman, a former jockey who also rode work on Swaps, one of the great Kentucky Derby winners, paid tribute to Espinoza’s skill.
“Victor did a fabulous job,” Sherman said. “I rode for 23 years, and when your saddle slips it makes you move backwards on a horse, you have to keep control. “He’s a once-in-a-lifetime horse for me, anybody that knows him and has been around him all the years like we have, you really get attached to him. You think about all the great trainers that have never come up with a horse like him.”
Festivities on Dubai World Cup day end with the magnificent Dubai World Cup show and concert.
The multi-platinum-selling artist Janet Jackson will perform at the close of horse racing series on Saturday, March 26. It will be her first concert in four months, after she was forced to pull the plug on her Unbreakable world tour to undergo an emergency throat operation.
Jackson, the 49-year-old sister of the late Michael, began her career as a member of siblings act The Jacksons before finding solo fame in the mid-1980s. She has sold more than 160 million records, including 1990s anthems That’s the Way Love Goes, Together Again and Got ’til it’s Gone.
You can see all the pics here:
https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.1046278838763447.1073741907.711114128946588&type=3
CaliforniaChrome, Dubai, DubaiWorldCup2016, Meydan, meydanhotel, meydanracecourse, winner
Dubai Nightlife Weekend: March 24, 25 2016
An April shower of Events @ Capital Club Dubai
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Monocytes and macrophages
Three functional subsets of human monocytes have been identified with some overlap between the types in humans. Macrophages are monocytes that have migrated out of the blood stream and into the internal body tissues. Once a monocyte leaves the blood, it matures into a wandering macrophage or a fixed macrophage. Macrophages are scavengers whose job is to engulf or eat up infecting germs and even infected cells. MDM (Macrophage Dérivé de Monocyte), Macrophages, Macrophages dérivés de monocytes, Macrophage, Macrophages dérivés de la moelle osseuse Swedish Makrofager Monocytes and macrophages play a critical role in tissue development, homeostasis, and injury repair. Many tissue-resident macrophages with embryonic origins can self-renew and persist into adulthood, while those in other tissues are gradually replaced by bone marrow-derived monocytes. Monocytes and macrophages are part of the body's first line of defence, eliminating pathogens by phagocytosis or by releasing a broad array of inflammatory mediators, such as …White blood cells such as monocytes and macrophages are known mediators of inflammation, and according to new findings by researchers at A*STAR, also …Monocytes and Macrophages The monocytic cells seen in body fluids have variable morphology as they have the ability to transform into phagocytic macrophages. Physiologie des monocytes et des histiocytes macrophages. Miltenyi Biotec distribution: As a global market leader with numerous subsidiaries and distributors, Miltenyi Biotec is committed to providing our customers around the world with the highest quality products. Macrophages are either derived from blood borne monocytes which have migrated into tissue and differentiated, or from dividing macrophages within the tissue. In case of the defense, monocytes get conveted into macrophages. Log in Sign up. Monocytes have the ability to change into another cell form called macrophages before facing the germs. Weirong Fang 1,3, Xuan Zhai 1,4, Dong Han 1, Xiaoxing Xiong 1, Tao Wang 1, Xun Zeng 5, Shucheng He 3, Rui Liu 3, Masaaki Miyata 6, Baohui Xu 2, Heng Zhao 1 . . nature. They are the largest type of leukocyte and can differentiate into macrophages and myeloid lineage Mar 2, 2017 Monocytes & macrophages are very closely related cells with a few distinctions. Monocytes are a type of immune cells found in blood; they are capable of migrating to tissues by differentiating into macrophages. La demi-vie des monocytes dans le sang est d’environ 2 à 3 jours. Monocytes and macrophages are important mediators for both innate and adaptive immunity, due to their crucial role in many inflammatory processes associated with infection, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer. The presence of Ly6C hi , but not Ly6C low , monocytes in TS/A tumors suggested that the former could be more efficiently recruited to tumors and function as the TAM precursor. In the 1950s, radioisotopic studies demonstrated the high prodution rate and short lifespan of neutrophils and allowed researchers to follow the monocytes as they moved from the marrow through the blood to become tissue macrophages, histiocytes, and dendritic cells. Monocytes are large, spherical cells that make up 2 to 8% of circulating WBCs. Put simply, monocytes are macrophages in the blood; macrophages are monocytes in tissue. This technique has been described for almost 50 years (66). The authors found that, although tumor-associated macrophages expressed PD-L1, these cells did not generally suppress T cell responses. In fact, monocytes are derived from the same common progenitor cell as macrophages and dendritic cells—the monocyte macrophage dendritic cell progenitor—and all three cell types have been categorized as part of the mononuclear phagocyte system first proposed by van Furth in 1968. Dendritic cells initiate and regulate the highly pathogen-specific adaptive immune responses and are central to the development of immunologic memory and tolerance. Monocyte progenitors are initiated in the bone marrow as a common myeloid‐monocytic progenitor, the colony‐forming unit of granulocytes and monocytes (CFU‐GM). They phenotyped monocytes and macrophages in tumors and adjacent tissue, as well as samples from control subjects without cancer. Macrophages are larger than microphages and can either be wanderers (free macrophages) or immobile (fixed macrophages). Furthermore, another difference between neutrophils and macrophages is that neutrophils have a multi-lobed nucleus while the nucleus of macrophage is big and round shaped. Monocytes and macrophages express F4/80 antigen after differentiation and proliferation of F4/80 negative precursors in the embryo (not shown) and bone marrow. Title: Monocytes and Macrophages 1 Monocytes and Macrophages Michael Fishbein. Lymphocytes, Monocytes-Macrophages, and Microglia The brain contains very few lymphocytes compared to other organs that do not have a vascular-tissue barrier. A protocol is presented for cell culture of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) differentiated human monocyte-derived macrophages. Since there is a continuum A majority of macrophages are stationed at strategic points where microbial invasion or accumulation of foreign particles is likely to occur. Monocytes and Macrophages Peripheral Blood Monocytes and Monocyte Cell Lines In a qRT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screen, human peripheral blood monocytes (HPBM) were shown to express high levels of MMPs-8, -11, -17, -23, and -25, although all except MMP-11 were downregulated after culturing for a few Monocytes deposit themselves in various organs, producing macrophages which surround foreign particles to destroy them (phagocytosis). Search. The difference in cytoplasmic coloration is an invariable distinction between monocytes and band neutrophils by light microscopy. Macrophages constitute a very versatile population of phagocytic cells present in most tissues, albeit in different forms such as microglia, osteoclasts, and Kupffer cells. They can actually consume, or munch, on harmful bacteria, fungi and viruses. CCR2-dependent monocytes/macrophages exacerbate acute brain injury but promote functional recovery after ischemic stroke in mice . Upon tissue damage or infection, monocytes are rapidly recruited to the tissue, where they can differentiate into tissue macrophages or dendritic cells. The term exudate macrophages designates the developmental stage and not the functional state. David Kluth. 1% BSA and 0. View Larger Image : Differentiated Human M1 Macrophages Secrete IL-12. Monocytes have the ability to change into another cell form called macrophages before facing the germs. Although monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages are involved in the processes of inflammation and tissue repair during fibrosis (57, 58), a role for MRTMs or MRTM subpopulations has not been investigated in such models. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Macrophages are derived from monocytes, which also originate in the bone marrow. Nevertheless, scant evidence existed to suggest that monocytes differentiate into tissue-resident macrophage populations. Monocytes and Macrophages Michael Fishbein. Monocytes/macrophages constitute the first line of defence for external intrusion or infection. However, even in absence of pathology, a few T-lymphocytes regularly cross the intact blood brain barrier, wander in brain tissue for short distances, and re-enter the circulation. Recent advances in immunology research have discovered that monocytes are heterogenic and can be divided into three subsets based on specific surface markers and that each subset displays specific functions. These macrophages and monocytes are the principle cells by which HIV enters to Central Nervous system (CNS) by crossing blood brain barrier (BBB). , 2008). Some of them may be called up if needed, to form the precursors of two other types of white blood cells: tissue macrophages and dendritic cells. Additionally, CD68 is a very classic marker for human macrophages. This antibody reacts with Mouse samples. 4. Monocyte and macrophage differentiation: circulation inflammatory monocyte as biomarker for inflammatory diseases Jiyeon Yang , 1 Lixiao Zhang , 1 Caijia Yu , 1 Xiao-Feng Yang , 1 and Hong Wang 1 1 Department of Pharmacology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Temple University School of Macrophages and intestinal macrophages have high plasticity causing their phenotype to be altered by their environments. As a part of the vertebrate innate immune system monocytes also influence the process of adaptive immunity. The MPS constituted monocytes and macrophages with the premise that all macrophages are derived from blood monocytes. sion, evaluating human monocytes/macrophages from healthy donors. monocytes+macrophages/100 leukocytes in body fluid by manual count This field contains the LOINC term in a more readable format than the fully specified name. They perform important active and regulatory functions in innate as well as adaptive immunity [1]. A protocol is presented for cell culture of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) differentiated human monocyte-derived macrophages. Monocytes/macrophages play an important role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. The production and deployment of phagocytes are central functions of the hematopoietic system. Monocytes can mobilize from bone marrow, traffic to their required destination, and differentiate into effector cells, dependingFor example, they can develop into macrophages, which are cells that eat bacteria, viruses, parasites, cells that have become infected, and debris in tissues. Macrophages / Monocytes Monoclonal Antibody from Invitrogen for Immunohistochemistry (Frozen), Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) and Flow Cytometry applications. 1,2 THP-1 cells, a human leukemia monocytic cell line, monocytes and macrophages coexpressing M1 and M2 markers To date, deep immune profiling of human lung tumors has been mostly at the molecular level and is based on transcriptomic data interpreted by computational analysis (19 Monocytes and macrophages are considered to belong to the same differentiation lineage, but represent sequential stages of a linear development process. This results in lipid accumulation inside cells. They are usually identified in stained smears by their large two-lobed nuclei . Monocytes and macrophages have crucial and distinct roles in tissue homeostasis and immunity, but they also contribute to a broad spectrum of pathologies and are thus attractive therapeutic targets. The goal for targeting monocytes/macrophages using liposomes includes not only drug delivery but also potentially a role in cell ablation and cell activation for the treatment of conditions including cancer, atherosclerosis, HIV, and chronic inflammation. Cited by: 377Publish Year: 2014Author: Jiyeon Yang, Lixiao Zhang, Caijia Yu, Xiao-Feng Yang, Hong WangMonocytes and macrophages: developmental pathways and https://www. 1 La phagocytose = fonction immune naturelle. They circulate in the peripheral blood and are recruited to tissues following injury or infection. Lymphocytes vs Macrophages. Human peripheral blood CD14 + monocytes were differentiated for 6 days under M1 or M2 macrophage polarization conditions using reagents included in the CellXVivo ™ Human M1 Differentiation Kit or the CellXVivo ™ M2 Macrophage Differentiation Kit (R&D Systems, Catalog # CDK013). However, in the chronic phase after myocardial infarction, macrophages residing in the infarct were again independent from the blood monocyte pool, returning to the steady-state situation. F4/80 + cells were isolated from spleen single-cell suspension using Anti-F4/80 MicroBeads UltraPure, two MS Columns, and an OctoMACS™ Separator. Monocytes and macrophages have crucial and distinct roles in tissue homeostasis and immunity, but they also contribute to a broad spectrum of pathologies and are thus attractive therapeutic targets. Selective labeling of blood monocyte subsets indicates that non-classical monocytes are biased progenitors of alternatively activated macrophages. Monocytes and their progeny contain toll-like receptors and granules. Create. Monocytes & Macrophages in London: Celebrating Elie Metchnikoff. Monocytes/Macrophages in Experimental Models of Acute Liver Injury. Supplementary key words obesity • infl ammation • innate immunity • interleukin-1beta • palmitate • stearate • oleate • linoleate Interleukin-1 (IL-1 ) is a proinfl ammatory cytokine in-In contrast to macrophages from many other tissues, those in the LP of the intestine are continuously replenished from recruited Ly6C + blood monocytes under steady state or in response to inflammation . Abstract. They are essential for innate host defense against infection, tissue repair and remodeling, and the antigen-specific adaptive immune response. Therefore, targeting monocytes and macrophages is a promising immunotherapeutic approach. Importantly, monocytes/macrophages are involved in both the initiation and the resolution of an inflammatory response, and two corresponding activation states for macrophages have been described in vitro (11–13). Albeit monocytes and macrophages are both mature cells, monocytes proliferate much more than macrophages, hence in these myeloid cells low MBNL1 is associated with lower proliferation, as opposed to stem cells. Ly-6C hi monocytes dominate hypercholesterolemia-associated monocytosis and give rise to macrophages in atheromata Filip K. Supplied as 100 µg purified antibody (0. Macrophages are involved in RA pathophysiology and can be polarized in different phenotypic profiles, pro-inflammatory (M1 macrophages) or immuno-regulatory (M2 macrophages). These cells are involved in inflammatory processes, with a profound capacity to synthesize and secrete pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Macrophage differentiation from monocytes occurs in the tissue in concomitance with the acquisition of a functional phenotype that depends on microenvironmental signals, thereby accounting for the many and apparently opposed macrophage functions. Under these pathological conditions, the excess heme mediates differentiation of monocytes into macrophages, restoring the capacity of the spleen, marrow, and liver to metabolize the excess hemoglobin and recycle the iron needed for the increased erythropoiesis that accompanies such hemolysis. Monocytes can also increase in response to stress and other factors. APPLICATION NOTE Detecting Intracellular Cytokines in Activated Monocytes Scope Originating in bone marrow, blood monocytes are incompletely differentiated, but mature to. Macrophages develop in the mouse embryo in three waves, starting with phagocytes derived from the yolk sac independently of blood monocytes and then blood monocytes produced in the fetal liver, and finally definitive monocytes derived from bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)3/2/2019 · In this case, the monocytes are replacing any macrophages that have died off. The tumor promoting role of M2 macrophages has been described in in vivo models and the presence of macrophages in certain tumor types has been linked to a poor clinical outcome. The phylogenetic principle that the development and differentiation of macrophages precede those of monocytes during the evolutionary processes of animals applies to human and murine ontogeny of macrophages. Monocytes and macrophages are an important part of the innate arm of the immune system. The number of monocytes/macrophages infiltrating into the rheumatoid synovium correlates with the extent of the inflammation in synovial tissues []. Resolution of injury, apoptosis and macrophages. Macrophage: Macrophages contain CD14, Cd11b, CD68, MAC-1 and -3, EMR1 and Lysozyme M on the surface of the cells. Monocytes-macrophages are important regulators in both innate and adaptive immunity. 1,2 THP-1 cells, a human leukemia monocytic cell line, Monocytes and macrophages are an important part of the innate arm of the immune system. These innate immune cells participate in guiding vascular remodeling, stimulation of local stem and progenitor cells, and structural repair of tissues such as muscle and bone. For example, human monocytes possess AT 1 receptors for angiotensin II and are activated by the peptide . Monocytes are a kind of white blood cells, produced in bone marrow. and removes and destroys worn-out red blood cells. We demonstrated that vortioxetine has the ability to direct monocytes/macrophages towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Macrophages are a sybtype of monocytes (white blood cells) along with dendritic cells and foam cells. First of all you have to know monocytes are immune cells (white cells) which belong to the natural immune system, they protect you from infectious agents and other kind of injury, usually when they are circulating in the blood they are called like that “monocytes” but once they are in the affected tissue they are “"Macrophages” it's like Bruce Banner as Monocytes and Macrophages as Hulk. This video is unavailable. 1 Bone marrow–derived monocytes differentiate into macrophages in response to signals provided by cytokines, cellular metabolites, and microbial products. The human immune system is responsible for identifying, destroying, and removing all foreign substances from the body. emerging evidence indicates that neutrophils and monocytes/ macrophages have distinct roles as innate immune cells and therefore are indispensable as key players against infection. This is the main difference between neutrophils and macrophages. Monocytes/macrophages circulate in the blood and become macrophages in the tissues. Neutrophils circulate for only a short time in the blood (typically a day or two) but are far more numerous than monocytes. Methods. After tissue injury, monocytes and macrophages undergo marked phenotypic and functional changes to play critical roles during the initiation, maintenance, and resolution phases of tissue repair. Whether an individual develops asymptomatic, mild, or severe malaria is partly dependent upon the balance between protective immunity and immunopathology. Macrophage Ontogeny and the Mononuclear Phagocyte System. The cells were fluorescently stained with CD45-VioBlue®, CD11b-APC, and Anti-F4/80-FITC and analyzed by flow cytometry using the MACSQuant® Analyzer. Cytokine, Chemokine, Growth Factor Pathways ‹ Cell CCR5 Pathway in Macrophages › CD4 and CD8 Monocytes can differentiate into dendritic cells, osteoclasts or macrophages. both macrophage and monocyte are phagocytes, which help the body by engulfing the foreign material and pathogens. Tác giả: Life Science HelpLượt xem: 4. Monocytes/macrophages are known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Journal of Drug Delivery is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original Many tissue-resident macrophages with embryonic origins can self-renew and persist into adulthood, while those in other tissues are gradually replaced by bone marrow-derived monocytes. This review focuses on viral adaptations to enter monocytes/macrophages, immune escape, reprogramming of infected cells …Monocytes can differentiate into several different cell types. Therefore, in monocytes and macrophages lacking GSDMD, Val-boroPro induces caspase-1-dependent apoptosis. The primary role of monocytes was considered to sense the environment and replenish the pool of tissue macrophages and dendritic cells. If there is an immune response by the body, monocytes can rapidly move to the site of the infection and take an active and passive role in the response. Figure 3. However, macrophages do much more than that: Not only do they act as antimicrobial warriors, they Macrophages are the main scavenger cells of the immune system. Together, they perform vital effector functions related to their capacity to phagocytize, their role as antigen-presenting cells and their ability to produce and secrete cytokines and other effector molecules. Departments of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA 2. Body has its own defence mechanism. Monocytes are probably best known for their role in serving as something akin to reserve forces in the military. Conrad Liles 1,2,3. These cells together as a group are known as the mononuclear phagocyte system and were previously known as the reticuloendothelial system. This notoriously heterogeneous system is composed of macrophages themselves in addition to dendritic cells, monocytes and their lineage committed progenitors. Under physiological and pathological conditions, cardiac resident macrophages appear not to be a homogenous population, but rather comprise distinct subsets, …What is the difference between Monocyte and Macrophage. CD40 is a TNF receptor superfamily 5 member and is expressed in monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells. Although this ap-proach is informative, it does not allow simultaneous assessment In our previous study, we also demonstrated expansion of Ly6C hi monocytes in the blood, and proinflammatory CD206 − macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) in the heart, at 1 week post-TAC with subsequent normalization of monocytes/macrophages thereafter. APPLICATION NOTE Detecting Intracellular Cytokines in Activated Monocytes Scope Originating in bone marrow, blood monocytes are incompletely differentiated, but mature to Three functional subsets of human monocytes have been identified with some overlap between the types in humans. The lymphocytes in this field have a more regular cytoplasmic border without the cytoplasmic blebbing and pseudopods that are present in monocytes. Monocytes are macrophages in the blood. They are the largest type of leukocyte and can differentiate into macrophages and myeloid lineage dendritic cells. Provides an easy to understand definition for monocytes. Monocyte/macrophage lineage includes among others, monocytes, macrophages and brain resident macrophages. Representative cell countings of isolated monocytes and macrophages of 20 buffy coat preparations. The mechanism will fight against the infections and the foreign substances. The key difference between monocyte and macrophage is that monocyte is the largest type of white blood cell that can differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells while macrophage is a large specialized white blood cell that engulfs infectious particles and cleans micro debris. Monocytes are the largest type of white blood cells and play an important role in the adaptive immunity process. The monocyte is a spherical cell with prominent surface ruffles and blebs when examined by scanning electron microscopy. What Healthy Monocytes Do in the Body Until recently, the main role of monocytes was considered to be sensing the environment and replenishing the pool of tissue macrophages and dendritic cells, as needed. The Macrophage definition is - a phagocytic tissue cell of the immune system that may be fixed or freely motile, is derived from a monocyte, functions in the destruction of foreign antigens (such as bacteria and viruses), and serves as an antigen-presenting cell. In response to cellular stresses, monocytes (macrophage precursors) are Macrophages derived from DCM-treated CD14 + monocytes performed very efficient rituximab-mediated ADCP, however, using different FcγRs from those used by slan + macrophages. The results from immunophenotyping of peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages are shown for a representative patient in fig3 and are summarised in table 4. An abnormal increase in monocytes is called monocytosis. Tim Johnson. g. Monocytes are a type of leukocyte, or white blood cell. The fate of monocytes in atherosclerosis. Tissue-resident macrophages have central roles in tissue development and homeostasis, immune surveillance, phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and wound healing. White blood cells such as monocytes and macrophages are known mediators of inflammation, and according to new findings by researchers at A*STAR, also play a key role in promoting human cancer. 6KDifference Between Monocytes and Macrophages | Astarte https://astartebio. where they mature into adult cells called macrophages. related. Monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells constitute an integral part of the immune system. effect on monocytes/macrophages is a dominant phenomenon and is not explained by a lack of IFN- or other inflammatory mediators in the Treg-monocyte cocultures. Blood film. These immune cells are classified according to their function and phenotypic characteristics. Les monocytes et les macrophages sont des phagocytes et sont donc capables de phagocytose. Macrophages play a key role in the process of inflammation in many different tissues. They destroy necrotic cell debris and foreign material including viruses and bacteria, and can present antigens to naive lymphocytes. Accordingly, macrophages play a role in nearly every human disease and are Monocytes and macrophages play a critical role in tissue development, homeostasis, and injury repair. monocytes replenished heart macrophages. 1 mg/mL) in PBS with 0. monocytes and macrophagesMonocytes are a type of leukocyte, or white blood cell. Mouse anti Chicken Monocytes/Macrophages, clone KUL01 recognises chicken monocytes and macrophages. Monocytes migrate into tissues and become macrophages. Activated macrophages of different phenotypes are routinely classified Macrophage Plasticity is More Than Black and White. Macrophages, like monocytes, protect the body against disease and infection. adj. Monocytes are produced in bone marrow and circulate in the blood anywhere from one to three days. Start studying Monocytes/Macrophages. Reference: “Neutrophil. Background: Macrophage differentiation is accompanied by expression of unique extracellular matrix molecules. Immunology -Monocytes and Macrophages. Certain genetic abnormalities affect the function of monocytes and macrophages and cause buildup of fatty (lipid) debris within the cells. Dr Harry Antoniades (ICL) “The role of monocytes and macrophages in the immunopathology of acute liver injury Monocytes & Macrophages in London: Celebrating Elie Metchnikoff; Past events; Become a member today. Differential Constitutive and Cytokine-Modulated Expression of Human Toll-like Receptors in Primary Neutrophils, Monocytes, and Macrophages . Macrophages (and their precursors, monocytes) are the 'big eaters' of the immune system. William Luscinskas, 3 Ralph Weissleder, 1,4 and Mikael J. 29 terms. The majority of viruses discussed in this review employ monocytes/macrophages as a repository but certain viruses use these cells for productive replication. Monocytes circulate in the blood a few days and then migrate into various tissues and mature into macrophages. Pierre Guermonprez; & Julie Helft. Activation of liver-resident macrophages (Kupffer Feb 13, 2019 Monocyte/macrophage lineage cells (MMLCs) accumulate in many types of human and murine tumors and are thought to regulate nearly every Dec 19, 2018 The mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) was originally proposed as a new classification of macrophages, blood monocytes, and their 2 Mar 2017 Understanding the Difference. Monocytes, constitute the basic cellular ingredient in the blood. Lipid Res. Monocytes respond to inflammation and chemotactic stimuli by active diapedesis across vessel walls into inflammatory foci, where they can mature into macrophages, with greater phagocytic capacity and increased content of hydrolytic enzymes. Monocytes and macrophages are mononuclear phagocytes with crucial and distinct roles in transplant immunity. Typically, neutrophils are the first responders to be recruited and have a higher microbicidal activity; whereas monocytes/ macrophages are recruited later on. They are the largest type of leukocyte and can differentiate into macrophages and myeloid lineage dendritic cells. Heterogeneity of the macrophage lineage has long been recognized and, in part, is a result of the specialization of tissue macrophages in particular microenvironments. Les monocytes sont des globules blancs présents dans le sang qui évoluent en passant dans les tissus biologiques en : macrophages (ostéoclastes, microgliocytes, histiocytes, macrophages alvéolaires (poumons), cellules mésangliales (reins), Tissue-resident macrophages have three possible origins: yolk sac-derived primitive macrophages, fetal liver-derived monocytes, or bone marrow-derived monocytes. Monocytes are a type of leukocyte, or white blood cell. Monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells form the mononuclear phagocyte system of innate immunity. The list of acronyms and abbreviations related to GM - granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages Monocyte/macrophages in innate immunity [Video file]. 7k Views · …However, overwhelming evidence suggests that bone-marrow--derived circulating monocytes can be recruited to the site of injury early during inflammation in tissues, where they differentiate into macrophages. They are similar in that they are both classified as mononuclear cells, meaning that their nucleus is formed in one piece, but differ in their function within the The image is a microscopic field from a CSF cytospin. Ils proviennent de la différenciation de leucocytes sanguins circulants, les monocytes. Inflammatory monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages are key regulators of tissue repair, regeneration, and fibrosis. The red arrow points to a monocyte and the blue arrow points to a lymphocyte. Increased number of activated macrophages is a promi- Monocytes are considered to be immature macrophages, and the two types have been considered part of the reticulo-endothelial system (RES) or mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). Macrophages develop from circulating monocytes that migrate from the blood into tissues throughout the body, especially the spleen, liver, lymph nodes, lungs, brain, and connective tissue. This can happen for several reasons such as stress, inflammation, a fever from a virus, severe infection (because more macrophages are Start studying Monocytes/Macrophages. As a part of the vertebrate innate immune system monocytes also influence the process of adaptive immunity. Monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells constitute an integral part of the immune system. To better understand how monocytes and macrophages influence developing tumor immunity, Singhal et al . Circulatory monocytes represent about 10% of leukocytes in human blood and resident macrophages are distributed in a variety of tissues and organs to maintain body homeostasis. Clone KUL01 will also detect interdigitating cells and activated microglia but does not recognise Bu1+ve B-cells or CD3 +ve T-lymphocytes. What are "reactive" monocytes? severe septicemia. Given the heterogeneous nature of the various triggers of ALI as a common sequela, it is a rational approach to use different experimental models in order to shed light on the pathogenesis of this disorder. monocytes that transform into macrophages while in circulation. Watch Queue Queue. Monocytes look similar to lymphocytes in many instances, but when a monocyte performs its unique function as a macrophage, engulfing and digesting invaders that the lymphocytes identify, they become significantly larger and irregular in shape. For initiation of experiments, fresh or frozen monocytes are cultured in flasks for 1 week with M-CSF to induce their differentiation into macrophages. Macrophages store high amounts of unintegrated viral DNA in circular form, and infected macrophages and monocytes were found in ART treated HIV-1 patients with viral loads under the detection limit [93 – 95] as well as in the brains of pre-symptomatic HIV-1 patients . Monocytes are derived from precursors in the bone marrow and can be subdivided into subsets that differ in size, trafficking and innate immune receptor expression. Monocytes are a population of circulating white blood cells with the potential to differentiate into tissue macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). Monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) constitute a group of myeloid cells which share common hematopoietic origins and express related functions in host homeostasis and innate and acquired immunity. Monocytes and tissue macrophages represent two main branches of the mononuclear phagocyte system, and they have complementary roles during immunological challenges. Macrophages originate from blood monocytes that leave the circulation to differentiate in different tissues. They remain in the bloodstream for a couple of hours after which they migrate to tissues such as the lungs, liver, spleen, bone marrow where they will mature into macrophages. History of the terminology of macrophage polarization In the 1990s it was discovered that the cytokine interleukin (IL)-4 induced different effects on macrophage gene expression compared to that of interferon (IFN)-gamma and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Thrombocytes are involved in hemostasis, phagocytosis, and secretion of specific products. This is a challenge considering the bacteria found in the gut are not Main Difference – Monocyte vs Macrophage. Monocytes and macrophages are critical effectors and regulators of inflammation and the innate immune response, the immediate arm of the immune system. Is transglutaminase the switch between inflammation and scarring in chronic allogaft nephropathy. Macrophages come from specific white blood cells called monocytes. Means ± SEM. These cells are very important in alerting the immune system about an infection. HIV-1 establishes latent infection in resting CD4+ T cells and findings indicate that latency can also be established in the cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage. Start studying Monocytes & Macrophages. In the limelight of human and animal studies, we discuss potential translational applications. macrophages were screened using a BD Pathway™ high-content imaging system. Methods Isolation and differentiation of monocytes Human monocytes were isolated from 20 healthy anony-mous human buffy coats (provided by the Transfusion Ser- macrophages termed M1 macrophages can be obtained from peripheral monocytes when stimulated with IFNc whereas al-ternative activation of macrophages (M2) induced by IL-4 or IL-10 leads to tissue repair and suppression of inflammation [5]. bone marrow macrophages, blood monocytes, liver Kupffer cells, connective tissue histiocytes, brain microglial cells. Then, the macrophage breaks it down by mixing it with enzymes stored in special sacs called lysosomes. Start studying monocytes and macrophages. 2,3 Macrophages have Macrophages typically derive from circulating blood-borne precursors such as monocytes. As a result, these media lack unwanted non-defined and deleterious effects attributable to FCS and therefore enable standardized and controlled macrophage differentiation. The discrepancies are due in part to the difficulty in determining nobility in a number of cases. 44 terms. The main difference between monocyte and macrophage is that monocyte is the precursors of some of the macrophages whereas macrophages are the professional phagocytes, which engulf pathogens invading the body. The monocytic cells seen in body fluids have variable morphology as they have the ability to transform into phagocytic macrophages. First, the macrophage surrounds the unwanted particle and sucks it in. They are usually identified in stained smears by their large two-lobed nuclei. They are a kind of reserve cell which turn into macrophages and immune helper cells called dendritic cells. (B) Band neutrophil with horseshoe-shaped nucleus and pink-orange cytoplasm. Monocytes and macrophages are critical effectors and regulators of inflammation and the innate immune response, the immediate arm of the immune system. Monocytes/macrophages isolated from tumors can also induce NK-cell dysfunction during hepatocellular carcinoma , suggesting a role for tumor-associated monocytes/macrophages in impairing antitumor NK-cell function during tumor progression. The below infographic on the difference between neutrophils and macrophages provides more details on the comparative differences. Monocytes are produced by the bone marrow and released into the bloodstream. December 23, 2010 Posted by Dr. Schematic illustration of F4/80 antigen expression by tissue-resident macrophages in the mouse. , lung, liver, spleen, brain). The decomposition of today's noble families in terms of origin is as follows (Séréville and Saint-Simon): 1/7/2014 · Monocyte and macrophage differentiation: circulation inflammatory monocyte as biomarker for inflammatory diseases. The analysis of results from both proof-of-principle screening experiments identified 21 markers expressed on both THP-1 monocytes and macrophages, 23 markers uniquely expressed on THP-1 monocytes, and 20 markers uniquely expressed on THP-1 macrophages. Another difference between monocyte. monocytes Macrophages and monocytes Novel products for macrophage development in the immune system. What is a Monocyte. Many questions arise. What do high monocytes levels mean in a lab test? Update Cancel. NLRP3 infl ammasome in human monocytes/macrophages. Learn more about Monocytes/Macrophages including related products, articles and interactive pathways. nificant benefit in terms of monocytes and macrophages standing for highly reactive immune cells. In the healthy brain, resident microglia are the predominant macrophage cell population; however, under conditions of blood-brain barrier leakage, peripheral monocytes/macrophages can infiltrate the brain and participate in CNS disease pathogenesis. Outside the blood stream, she plays the role of a macrophage. . They are a kind of reserve cell which turn into macrophages and immune helper cells called dendritic cells . Dec 14, 2018 Monocyte and macrophage dysfunction are central to disease progression of ALF and ACLF. Monocytes can also divide into dendritic cells in the tissues. They can activate fibroblasts through many molecules, including IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but there have been very few reports on the role of CD147 in RA. In tissues, monocytes transform to macrophages. Macrophages are Advances in the field of monocyte and macrophage biology have dramatically changed our understanding of their role during homeostasis and inflammation. In the steady state the heart is populated with cardiac resident macrophages (1-3). The resulting disorders are the lipid storage diseases (such as Gaucher disease and Niemann-Pick disease). Loading Close. Macrophages are formed through differentiation of monocytes, one of the major groups of white blood cells of the immune system. As macrophages, monocytes play an important role of eliminating foreign material, tumorous cells and microorganisms through a process known as phagocytosis. Macrophages are very important members of the mononuclear phagocytic system. Dendritic cells are cells that process antigen . 21 Based on the ability of monocytes and macrophages to assimilate foreign particles efficiently, the use of nanoparticles is a Macrophages: The 'defense' cells that help throughout the body wound-healing macrophages arise when monocytes differentiate in response to interleukin-4, a cytokine which is released during sion, evaluating human monocytes/macrophages from healthy donors. monocytes and macrophages Monocytes represent about 1% to 10% of the white blood cells circulating in blood, that is about 200 to 600 monocytes present in every micro liter of blood. 54: 2998–3008. Macrophage (マクロファージ, Makurofāji?) is a minor character in Cells at Work! She is a white blood cell, specifically a Macrophage or a Monocyte. Monocyte/macrophages in renal inflammation. monocytes Macrophages and monocytes Novel products for macrophage development in the immune system. , adj monocyt´ic. 1. Macrophages develop from white blood cells called monocytes. Methods Isolation and differentiation of monocytes Human monocytes were isolated from 20 healthy anony-mous human buffy coats (provided by the Transfusion Ser-Yield of monocytes and macrophages. Locations Macrophages are present throughout the body with large numbers in the lymph nodes , bone marrow and spleen . Following exposure of primary human monocytes and macrophages to supernatants of a variety of tumor cell lines, we have analyzed transcript and secreted protein levels of EGFR family ligands and of STAT3 activators. 2013. Isolation of F4/80 + macrophages. Difference Between Lymphocytes and Macrophages. Macrophages don’t eat cells the same way you might eat your food. Like granulocytes, monocytes are produced by stem cells in the bone marrow and circulate through …Both the bone-marrow-derived monocytes and the monocytes of intermediate phenotype can respond to pro-inflammatory cues, migrate to inflamed tissues and differentiate into macrophages and DCs. Monocytes are the largest type of white blood cell. Apoptotic neutrophils were fed to THP-1, monocytes and macrophages for 90 min Phagocytosis was assessed by MPO staining and phagocytic index calculated by multiplying the percentage of cells that had engulfed neutrophils by the average number of neutrophils per cell . Monocytes, macrophages, and malaria. This review focuses on viral adaptations to enter monocytes/macrophages, immune escape, reprogramming of infected cells and the response of the host cells. These lipid-loaded macrophages, or macrophage foam cells, differentiate from peripheral blood monocytes that migrate into areas of “damage” in the arterial wall as a result of chemotactic stimuli (3, 4). Professor Frances Balkwill (QMUL) “Macrophages in the Tumour Microenvironment” Dr Harry Antoniades (ICL) “The role of monocytes and macrophages in the immunopathology of acute liver injury” Dr Clare Bennett (UCL) “Why do we have Langerhans cells? wound healing macrophages. This review will focus on the development of monocytes as macrophage precursors, the functions of tumor-associated macrophages and the possibility of interfering with tumor development and progression by targeting these myeloid cells. These cells reside in every tissue of the body, albeit in different Learn more about Monocytes/Macrophages including related products, articles and interactive pathways. An overview of the function, ontogeny and phenotype of each cell type can be found by clicking through to the individual pages listed below. Since there is a continuum of morphologic forms during this transformation, some laboratories combine these cells into a single category called monomacrophages. Finally, M2 macrophages in regressing plaques may be derived from newly recruited monocytes. Monocytes and macrophages are critical effector cells that serve to regulate inflammation and the innate immune response. These cells reside in every tissue of the body, albeit in different General information about the use of ELISpot and FluoroSpot in the studies of monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. Find out about new music, videos, tour dates and more. Cell shape varies, depending on the tissue type in which the macrophage resides (e. AAMs can be derived either from proliferation of tissue resident macrophages or recruited inflammatory monocytes, but it is not known whether these different sources generate AAMs that are phenotypically and functionally distinct. The Immune System: Information about Lymphocytes, Dendritic Cells, Macrophages, and White Blood Cells The Immune System The Immune system is a complex network of cells (such as lymphocytes) and organs that work together to defend the body against foreign substances (antigens) such as bacteria, a virus or tumor cell. 21 Based on the ability of monocytes and macrophages to assimilate foreign particles efficiently, the use of nanoparticles is a Macrophages are very important members of the mononuclear phagocytic system. Abstract. Role of macrophages in diagnostic interpretation of endomyocardial biopsies. Shane O'Mahony 1, Uyenvy Pham 1, Ramesh Iyer 1, Thomas R. Monocytes and macrophages play important roles in pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. 02% sodium azide. When there is tissue damage or infection, the monocytes leave the As the monocyte enters the tissue and differentiates into a macrophage, the cell volume and number of cytoplasmic granules increase. Les histiocytes ont une fonction de phagocytose, suivie de dégradation soit totale des débris à éliminer, soit partielle avec préservation des sites antigéniques. This characteristic differentiates monocytes from neutrophils, which have several lobes with a divided nucleus. Some monocytes enter your tissues, then enlarge and mature into macrophages, or "big eaters. PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONOCYTES AND ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES. There is a substantial heterogeneity among each macrophage population, which most probably reflects the required level of specialisation within the environment of any given tissue. Monocytes can enter peripheral tissues to become tissue macrophages which can engulf large particles and pathogens. The goal for targeting monocytes/macrophages using liposomes includes not only drug delivery but also potentially a role in cell ablation and cell activation for the treatment of conditions including cancer, atherosclerosis, HIV, and chronic inflammation. The key difference between monocyte and macrophage is that monocyte is the largest type of white blood cell that can differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells while macrophage is a large specialized white blood cell that engulfs infectious particles and cleans micro debris. youtube. After leaving the blood stream and migrating into organs and tissues monocytes differentiate into tissue macrophages or dendritic cells. Recent studies demonstrate that these actions are only partially conducted by liver-resident macrophages, but largely depend on recruitment of monocytes into the liver, namely of the inflammatory Gr1+ (Ly6C+) monocyte subset as precursors of tissue macrophages. Macrophages can also eat cells in the body which have been infected by a pathogen, to curb the spread of the pathogen and keep the body healthy. Lymphocytes, Monocytes-Macrophages, and Microglia The brain contains very few lymphocytes compared to other organs that do not have a vascular-tissue barrier. The initial inflammatory response is carried out by macrophages that produce high amounts of proinflammatory cytokines and reactive Monocytes/macrophages during cardiac homeostasis. The similarities and differences between this human monocytic leukemia cell line and normal human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages have been evaluated (28, 101). The final factor in support of targeting monocytes/macrophages for treatment of RA is the differential activation of intracellular signal transduction pathways that underlie different macrophage effector functions, in conjunction with the availability of more specific inhibitors of key metabolic enzymes and/or particular signal transduction Yield of monocytes and macrophages. Jeremy Hughes. When the monocyte level is too high, this is known as monocytosis. Like macrophages, intestinal macrophages are differentiated monocytes, though intestinal macrophages have to coexist with the microbiome in the intestines. Macrophages are tissue-resident profes-sional phagocytes and antigen-presen-ting cells (APC), which differentiate from circulating peripheral blood monocytes. On-site delivery of the immunomodulatory small molecule FTY720 recruits S1PR3-expressing non-classical monocytes that support vascular remodeling after injury. The hallmark of atherosclerosis is the accumulation of lipid-loaded macrophages in the arterial wall (1, 2). They have a large, single nucleus that is often kidney-shaped. Monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells form the mononuclear phagocyte system of innate immunity. Monocytes originate in the bone marrow (an early mouse marker is Ly-6G), and are prevalent in the blood, bone marrow, and spleen where they act as immune effector cells. Monocytes and macrophages are important mediators for both innate and adaptive immunity, due to their crucial role in many inflammatory processes associated with infection, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer. These cells exhibit a spindle-like shape and are interspersed between cardiomyocytes (). studied samples from patients with early-stage lung cancer. Alex Magil. Les monocytes sont libérés vers le sang sous l’influence de chimiokines spécifiques. Pittet 1 Performance in open-field test, corridor test, and active avoidance test at 2 or 3 weeks and 3 months after injection of M2-like monocyte-derived macrophages (n = 6, a–c), or non-primed monocytes (n = 6, d) or vehicle (n = 5, a–d) into the ipsilateral lateral ventricle 1 day after cortical stroke. Monocytes typically circulate through the blood for 1–3 days before migrating into tissues, where they become macrophages or dendritic cells. The human body faces attacks from micro-organisms, and other foreign substances. The most common applications for Monocytes are the in vitro differentiation into monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC), macrophages, and osteoclasts as well as their use as phagocytic immune cells in immunology and infection biology. Monocytes express various receptors, which monitor and sense environmental changes. The majority of viruses discussed in this review employ monocytes/macrophages as a repository but certain viruses use these cells for productive replication. Macrophages are a phenotypically and functionally diverse population of cells that play key roles in maintaining immune surveillance and tissue homeostasis. In most cases, monocytes float within the blood stream for up to three days before migrating to a specific tissue for macrophage differentiation. we compared the properties of macrophages originating from monocytes cultured either in media containing serum together with M-CSF for M2 and GM-CSF for M1 It should be noted that these studies were conducted using THP-1 monocytes and PMA-induced macrophages. NK (natural killer) cells are specialized lymphocytes which have functions different than those of neutrophils and monocytes. Alex Magil A major part of previous studies on blocking reagents for flow cytometry have been done in mice, and published results are not completely in agreement. However, macrophages are very malleable and take varied roles in the growth and spread of cancer cells. Apoptotic neutrophils were fed to THP-1, monocytes and macrophages for 90 min Phagocytosis was assessed by MPO staining and phagocytic index calculated by multiplying the percentage of cells that had engulfed neutrophils by the average number of neutrophils per cell . monocytes and macrophages in aortic aneurysm given their critical and distinct roles in several steps of the vascular response to injury, and we summarize the current knowledge on their origins and roles in disease development and complications. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Monocytes and macrophages represent critical arms of the innate immune system and are considered regulators and effectors of inflammation and the innate immune response. There is a substantial heterogeneity among each macrophage population, which most probably reflects the required level of specialisation within the environment of any given tissue. Macrophages basically eat anything that does not bear the mark of a healthy cell: damaged cells, debris, foreign matter, cells infected with viruses, parasites or bacteria and cancer cells. Since macrophages are derived exclusively from monocytes they exhibit similar properties. D. In humans, Fc‐receptors are found on most leukocytes, with highest abundance on monocytes/macrophages. Summary – Neutrophils vs Macrophages As the monocyte enters the tissue and differentiates into a macrophage, the cell volume and number of cytoplasmic granules increase. Nature Immunology 20, 383-385 23 May 2014 Monocytes and macrophages have crucial and distinct roles in tissue homeostasis and immunity, but they also contribute to a broad spectrum Macrophages (and their precursors, monocytes) are the 'big eaters' of the immune system. Monocytes are derived from promonocytes in the bone marrow and circulate in the blood for about 24 hours before migrating to the tissues, such as the lung and liver, where they develop into macrophages. Monocytes are born from stem cells in the bone marrow and circulate throughout the blood stream. Micrographs and cell size measurements of monocytes and macrophages. They have a great capacity for phagocytosis—the Les monocytes et les macrophages dérivent du progéniteur déjà décrit et passent par diverses étapes de maturation dans la moelle osseuse. Another note: You are right, neutrophils are different than NK cells. Monocytes and Macrophages The monocytic cells seen in body fluids have variable morphology as they have the ability to transform into phagocytic macrophages. There was an optimal correlation between the percentages of lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes-macrophages as determined by the May-Grünwald Giemsa stainings and the percentages of T-lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes-macrophages as determined by immunologic marker analysis in combination with phase-contrast morphology. These peripheral-blood monocytes develop from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. Mononuclear phagocytes (monocytes, macrophages) are distributed across all body tissues and play a central role in maintaining homeostasis. (A) Monocyte with horseshoe-shaped nucleus with enlarged, folded end, gray cytoplasm. However, the presence of interactions between tumor-associated monocytes/macrophages and NK cells, as well Alternatively, the M2 macrophages may be derived through the proliferation of a pool of tissue-resident macrophages that originated from the yolk sac, as has previously been demonstrated in other tissues . Increased in vitro monocytes-macrophages function corresponded with increased in vivo resistance to disease (Sun et al. Instead, the eating machines engulf viruses and bacteria. Results: Monocyte-to-macrophage transition involves selective expression of serglycin, TSG-6, hyaluronan, and versican and the formation of inter-α-trypsin inhibitor and amyloid-like precursor protein complexes. J. This is called phagocytosis. monocytes and macrophages coexpressing M1 and M2 markers To date, deep immune profiling of human lung tumors has been mostly at the molecular level and is based on transcriptomic data interpreted by computational analysis (19– 21). Red blood cells are cells that help carry oxygen in the CD68 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein present in macrophages and monocytes and CD68 antibodies may be used to distinguish between Crohn’s Disease and Chronic Granulomatous Disease. Sometimes, genetic conditions affect the function of macrophages. Pro-inflammatory, metabolic and immune stimuli all elicit increased recruitment of monocytes to peripheral sites4, where differentiation into macrophages and DCs occurs, contributing to host defence, and tissue remod-elling and repair. Monocytes are a type of white blood cell, part of the human body's immune system. In response to cellular stresses, monocytes (macrophage precursors) are Macrophages and monocytes bearing CD4+ molecules and CCR5 on surface are also targeted by HIV. Advances in the field of monocyte and macrophage biology have dramatically changed our understanding of their role during homeostasis and inflammation. Monocystosis can come from chronic inflammatory disease, viral Monocytes/macrophages have begun to emerge as key cellular modulators of brain homeostasis and central nervous system (CNS) disease. Monocyte activation and increased numbers of non-classical monocytes, is important for normal pregnancy. com/blog/ask-scientistwhats-difference-humanMonocytes and macrophages are very closely related cells with a few important distinctions and different use cases. In early ontogeny,macrophages develop from Cytokine, Chemokine, Growth Factor Pathways. Click to launch & play an online audio visual presentation by Prof. Sign up for email updates. The long common names have been created via a table driven algorithmic process. Neutrophils originate in bone marrow and mature during circulation. This procedure is known as antigen presentation, which causes the T lymphocytes to activate, eventually leading them to Monocytes and macrophages play important roles in the immune defence, inflammation and tissue remodelling and they do so by phagocytosis, antigen processing …Monocytes incubated with free cholesterol micelles showed lower levels of neutral lipid accumulation compared with macrophages, suggesting that monocytes can be more resistant to become foam cells compared with fully differentiated macrophages. Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry focuses on the development and applications of cellular system analysis and array based technologies as applied to clinical practice and translational research. Lymphocytes come next, then monocytes/macrophages come in to mop up the mess. Skip navigation Sign in. Macrophage Plasticity is More Than Black and White. In mice, the CD11b antigen is expressed on monocytes/macrophages and to a lower extent on granulocytes, NK cells, CD5 + B1 cells, and a subset of dendritic cells. phages and monocytes appear in vertebrates. They phenotyped monocytes and macrophages in tumors and adjacent tissue, as well as samples from control subjects without cancer. Our observations shed new light on the complexity of the immune microenvironment of DLBCL and demonstrate plasticity of slan + monocytes homing to cancer tissues. They are capable of being differentiated into dendritic cells as well. But monocytes also have other roles in infection and disease, some of which have nothing to do with tissue macrophages and dendritic cells. Circulating monocytes and tissue‐resident macrophages are evolutionarily ancient cells involved in a myriad of fundamentally important physiological processes from tissue development and maintenance to metabolic homeostasis, host immunity, and wound‐healing . Phase contrast microscopy of monocytic cell suspension before (A) and after (B) macrophage differentiation. Swirski, 1,2,3,4 Peter Libby, 2,3,4 Elena Aikawa, 1 Pilar Alcaide, 3 F. ” Encyclopædia Britannica. com/watch?v=5Q2aBtASujENhấp để xem trên Bing3:5010/7/2017 · Immunology -Monocytes and Macrophages. Clone: ER-HR3. What Do Low Monocytes Indicate Home Health Medical Ranges & Levels. Monocytes/Macrophages Monocytes are agranular leukocytes that originate from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow. Start studying Monocytes/Macrophages. Monocytes – High, Low, Normal Posted by admin on November 13, 2012 // Leave Your Comment. The pieces may be added into the MHC modules and then sent to the cell surface of the monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. macrophage structure Macrophages, the principal phagocytic (cell-engulfing) components of the immune system, The macrophages, or histiocytes, are derived from circulating monocytes in the bloodstream; they are also important for tissue repair and for defense against bacterial invasion. As the monocyte enters the tissue and differentiates into a macrophage, the cell volume and number of cytoplasmic granules increase. Inflammasome activation: a monocyte lineage privilege. Macrophages are created through the differentiation of monocytes. Monocyte Immunobiology. Subscribe Lymphocytes and monocytes are both white blood cells; together, they make up the majority of the function of the lymphatic immune system. Counterflow centrifugal elutriation (CCE) is a negative-selection isolation technique that can be used to isolate large numbers of purified monocytes. It should benotedthat,althoughlactatedehydrogenase(LDH)releaseisa hallmark of lytic cell death, LDH release in Val-boroPro-treated Gsdmd–/– cells (Figure 1C) is likely due to secondary necrosis of apoptotic cells (Silva, 2010). Several humoral factors that influence blood pressure can also modulate the activity of macrophages. Human body is composed of millions of cells. Dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages applications. The immune system has different types of cells including lymphocytes, macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and Les macrophages sont des cellules appartenant aux globules blancs, qui infiltrent les tissus. Many rules in biology exist, and even more exceptions to these rules. Human monocytes express high levels of CD14 and low CD16, while macrophages express low CD14 and high CD16. Les macrophages, disséminés dans l’ensemble de l’organisme, se distinguent des monocytes par une plus grande taille, le développement considérable de l’appareil vacuolaire (vésicules d’endocytose, endosomes, lysosomes primaires, phagosomes, phagolysosomes) et des expansions cytoplasmiques qui forment de véritables pseudopodes. A macrophage is a type of white blood cell, which is part of your immune system. Monocytes and macrophages are very closely related cells with a few important distinctions and different use cases. The term "macrophage" conjures images of a hungry white blood cell gobbling invading bacteria. This journal also covers relevant techniques such as flow cytometry, image cytometry, beadbased and slide-based array analyses, as well as other cell-based spectroscopic analyses. Macrophages also participate in the immune response by producing and responding to inflammatory cytokines. Transfected macrophages in renal inflammation. Hawn 1, W. Tissue infiltration of blood monocytes is a complex phenomenon that involves several steps, including the activation of the capillary endothelium and the increased expression of adhesion molecules, such as ICAM-1, and the adhesion of blood monocytes, followed by their transmigration across the endothelium and differentiation into macrophages. Monocytes are found mostly within the blood, while macrophages occur within the tissues. Monocytes play a central role in coordinating immune responses by secreting cytokines and prostaglandins. Mononuclear phagocytes (monocytes, macrophages) are distributed across all body tissues and play a central role in maintaining homeostasis. com/articles/nri36715/23/2014 · Monocytes and macrophages have crucial and distinct roles in tissue homeostasis and immunity, but they also contribute to a broad spectrum of pathologies and are …Cited by: 871Publish Year: 2014Author: Florent Ginhoux, Steffen JungTác giả: Florent Ginhoux, Steffen JungImmunology - Monocytes and Macrophages - YouTubehttps://www. Monocyte, normal. In immune system: Macrophages …the mature form of the monocyte. " macrophages play many important roles within your immune system. A key question is the relative contribution of changes in the types of infiltrating monocytes and changes in pre-existing lesional monocytes or macrophages, such as by proliferation of inflammatory macrophages and phenotypic switching. Is transglutaminase Monocytes and macrophages have crucial and distinct roles in tissue homeostasis and immunity, but they also contribute to a broad spectrum of pathologies and are thus attractive therapeutic targets. Macrophages are mature, tissue-differentiated monocytes of the reticulo-endothelial system (RES) or mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). Siamon Gordon on Monocyte/macrophages in innate immunity, part of a collection of online lectures. General information about the use of ELISpot and FluoroSpot in the studies of monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. Monocytes display a remarkable plasticity in response to signals from the microenvironment, enabling them to differentiate into various cell types. High monocytes alone can't tell you the nature of your problem or disease. Given the rapid progress in monocyte research from broad spectrum of inflammatory diseases, there is a need to summarize our knowledge in monocyte heterogeneity and its impact in human disease. Macrophages are the main scavenger cells of the immune system. Levels of monocytes in the blood tend to rise when someone has an infection, because more of these cells are needed to fight it. Guru. One note: neutrophils are phagocytes, but not antigen presenting cells. 21. An increase in the number of macrophages in parts of the body other than in the blood (such as the lungs, skin, and other organs) can occur in response to infections, sarcoidosis, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Macrophages originate from blood monocytes that leave the circulation to differentiate in different tissues. the observation that monocytes emigrated from blood vessels and developed into macrophages in the tissues. The mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) was originally proposed as a new classification of macrophages, blood monocytes, and their precursors, based upon criteria of morphology, function, origin, and kinetics 1, 2. Function Monocyte: Monocytes are involved in the innate immunity by differentiating into macrophages. Activation of macrophages: humoral versus mechanical factors. For years, immunologists have tried to classify macrophages into two subtypes, classically activated M1, and alternatively activated M2 macrophages. Macrophages adopt an alternatively activated phenotype (AAMs) when activated by the interleukin-4receptor(R)α
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441 E Fordham Rd
Fordham, New York City’s Jesuit University, combines intellectual challenge and individual attention with the dynamic resources of one of the world’s great cities. Whether educated at the green and Gothic Rose Hill campus, or Lincoln Center, in the cultural heart of Manhattan, Fordham students benefit from close contact with distinguished faculty who teach at the undergraduate, graduate and professional levels. The Jesuit tradition, characterized by excellence in teaching, the care and development of each student, and a commitment to the promotion of an ethical society informs every aspect of a Fordham education.
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The gender gap in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) careers is well documented, and though recent initiatives have been encouraging more women to take up technology careers in academia and industry, higher positions in academiia, design and production remain overwhelmingly populated by men.
Technological innovation and science are too important to be left to only men. Why are there still less women working in technology and science? Is it biological differences, a result of 'male-dominated' organisations or societal culture? Why does our society still favour men? How can we bridge this gap?
In order to examine gender inequality in tech, Professor Antonella De Angeli has co-created a new game - Mind the Gap!
This research introduces Agonistic Design and Mind the Gap (MtG), an intervention that structures social interaction and dialogues in a role-play game to examine the complex issue of the gender gap. The MtG game illuminates players’ attitudes and experiences through playful engagement, and reveals diverse perspectives concerning gender privilege and discrimination. The game examines gender, not as biological dichotomy, but as performance of identity and reiterates the importance of striving for gender equity in STEM curriculum and industry.
Mind the Gap aims to find new ways to reflect on the gender gap and its potential repercussions. Through role-play and playful social interaction, the attitudes and experiences of the players will be uncovered, and will contribute to the further development of the game. To date, the game includes more than 180 participant-authored micronarratives which describe real people's experiences, perceptions and imaginations of gender advantages and disadvantages. These experiences have been collected through playing the game across Europe.
Mind the Gap was created as part of a PhD research process in the development of Agonistic Design, by Max Willis, University of Trento, Italy (SKIL TIME) and Professor Antonella de Angeli, University of Lincoln, UK and University of Trento, Italy.
Gaining momentum
The game is now gaining momentum and a gaming session, led by co-creator Professor Antonella De Angeli, will be hosted by Waag, an influential initiative in Amsterdam, as part of a thematic evening event, on 16 August 2018.
The findings of Mind the Gap will be used to encourage more women to take up science and technology-related careers
Prof Antonella De Angeli Max Willis, Universita degli Studi di Trento
Gender and technology
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Dr. Shirin Ebadi
Dr. Ebadi’s Curriculum Vita (CV)
Dr Shirin Ebadi was born on June 22nd, 1947 in Hamadan-Iran. Her father, Professor Mohammad Ali Ebadi was a lecturer in Commercial Law. His book “Commercial Law” was later edited and updated by his daughter, Shirin.
When Shirin was only a year old, her family moved to Tehran where she receieved her education. In 1965, she started her law degree, completing it 3 years later. In 1970, after a period of internship, she became one the first female judges in Iran. She soon progressed through the ranks and was appointed Chief Magistrate of 26th Divisional Court in Tehran in 1975 – again making her the youngest and first female for the post.
Shirin married in 1975 and has two daughters, Negar and Nargess.
In 1979, immediately after the Islamic revolution in Iran, all female judges were dismissed as the then revolutionaries believed that women were forbidden from passing judgment. She was demoted to the post of a magistrate’s clerk in the very same court over which she once presided. Soon after, she opted for early retirement.
In 1992, she set up a private practice handling contentious cases. She was the defense lawyer for many controversial political and human rights cases in Iran including, Zahra Kazemi (a journalist killed in Evin prison), Parvaneh and Dariush Foroohar (well-known political activists, killed by security forces), Ezat Ebrahim Nejad (killed in the dormitory of Tehran University, 1999), and Zahra Bani Yaghoob (a young doctor, killed in detention). She also took on the case of the seven leaders of the Baha’i faith in Iran. All these activities led to her incarceration on charges of spreading and publishing lies against the Islamic Republic in 1999. She spent 25 days in solitary confinement. The first court convicted her to one-and-a- half year imprisonment and barred her from practicing law for 5 years. In the appeal process and due to international pressure, her sentence was reduced to a fine.
Dr. Ebadi won the Nobel Prize in 2003. She used some of the prize money to set up an office for the Center for Defenders of Human Rights and support the families of political prisoners. This center became a prominent human rights organization. As a result it was honored by the National Human Rights of France in 2003. In 2008 the center was closed down by the security forces. They confiscated the building.
Dr. Ebadi left Iran shortly before the June 2009 presidential election to participate in a conference in Spain. She did not return to Iran owing to the severe restrictions imposed on human rights activists, and upon receiving news of her colleagues’ arrests and many killings. She continued her activities in de facto exile. The Iranian government, disapproving of her actions, filed a case against her in the revolutionary court. The government confiscated her properties, including the office of the CDHR, on the pretext of unpaid taxes. Moreover, to blackmail and silence Dr. Ebadi, her sister and her husband were arrested by the security forces.
SOCIAL EXPERIECES
Founded the Society for Protecting the Rights of the Child in 1995 and chaired it until the year 2000
Founded and chaired the Human Rights Defenders Centre in 2001
Proposing a law to the Iranian parliament on preventing violence against children,(summer 2002)
Founded and chaired the Mine Cleaning Collaboration Association in 2003
Collaboration with 6 other women’s peace prize laureates to fund the Nobel Women’sInitiative in 2006. Now she is the member of the board of the latter
Conducted several research projects with the Tehran office of UNICEF
Teaching courses free of charge on the issues of children’s rights and the Conventionof the Rights of the Child for different groups
Teaching courses free of charge on educating and promoting human rights andwomen’s rights
Participation in deferent legal and human rights conferences and seminars
Lecturing at various Universities and Institutes around the worldPROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
Lecturing Trade Law at Tehran Islamic Azad University between 1989- 1993
Lecturing Law and Urban Planning Regulations at the Graduate and PostgraduateSchools of Fine Arts, University of Tehran between 1993-1999
Lecturing Rights of the Women at the post graduate school of social sciences, AllameTabatabayi University between 2001-2004
Lecturing at Tucson University at Arizona/ US in 2005Books
Criminal Law in collaboration with Professor Abdolhossein Aliabadi (1973)
The Rights of the child (1988)
Medical Rights (1989)
The Young Workers (1990)
Literary and Artistic Rights (1990)
Architectural Rights (1992)
The Rights of Refugees (1994) this book translated into English
History and Documentation of Human Rights in Iran (1994) this book translated intoEnglish
Tradition and Modernity in the Iranian Legal System (1996)
Comparative Children’s Rights (1997)
Iran Awakening: One Woman’s Journey to Reclaim Her Life and Country (2007)
The Golden Cage: three brothers, three choices, once destiny (2011)
Honorary doctorate, Williams College/US, 2004
Honorary doctorate, Liege University/Belgium, 2004
Honorary doctorate, Brown University/US, 2004
Honorary doctorate, University of British Columbia/Canada, 2004
Honorary doctorate, University of Maryland, College Park/US, 2004
Honorary doctorate, University of Toronto/Canada, 2004
Honorary doctorate, Simon Fraser University/US, 2004
Honorary doctorate, Koc University/ Istanbul, 2004
Honorary doctorate, University of Akureyri/Iceland, 2004
Honorary doctorate, Australian Catholic University/Australia, 2005
Honorary doctorate, University of San Francisco/US, 2005
Honorary doctorate, Concordia University/US, 2005
Honorary doctorate, York University/Canada, 2005
Honorary doctorate, The University of York/UK, 2005
Honorary doctorate, Université Jean Moulin in Lyon/ France, 2005
Honorary doctorate, Loyola University Chicago/US, 2007
Honorary doctorate The New School University/US, 2007
Honorary doctor of Laws, Marquette University/US, 2009
Honorary doctorate, Genova University/Italy, 2010
Honorary doctorate, Madrid European University/Spain, 2010
Honorary doctorate, University of Cambridge/UK, 2011
Honorary doctorate, University of Westfield/US, 2012
Honorary doctorate, Law Society/Toronto, June 2012
Honorary doctorate, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) London, July 2012
Honorary doctorate, Cesar Vallejo, Peru, 2016
Received an official award from the Ministry of Culture and Higher Education of the Islamic Republic of Iran for having authored The Rights of the Child
Official spectator of Human Rights Watch, 1996
Received the Rafto Foundation prize for Human Rights activities, Norway 2001
Nobel Peace Prize in October, 2003
International Democracy Award, 2004
Lawyer of the Year Award, 2004
James Parks Morton Interfaith Award from the Interfaith Centre of New York, 2004 Women’s eNews 21 Leaders for the 21st Century Award/US, 2004
Freedom Award/Germany, 2005
UCI Citizen Peace building Award/US, 2005
The Golden Plate Award by the Academy of Achievement/US, 2005
Legion of Honor award, 2006
Honorary Citizen of “San Sebastiano al Vesuvio” /Italy, March 2007
One of A Different View’s 15 Champions of World Democracy, 2008
Award for the Global Defence of Human Rights, International Service Human RightsAward/ London, 2009
Democracy Award of the city of Bone/ Germany, 2009
The Manhae Prize/ Korea, 2009
The Scholars at Risk Prize, Dublin/Ireland, 2009
Ronald Berger Human Dignity Award, Ronald Berger Institute/Germany, 2009
Human Security Award, Muslim Public Affairs Council/US, 2009
The Felix Ermacora Prize for Human Rights/ Austria, 2010
Exodus Award/Rimini-Italy, 2010
Honorary Citizen of Paris, 2010
Honorary Citizen of Genova/ Italy, 2010
Human Rights Award from the Advocates for Human Rights/ US, 2011
Save the Children Award/ Spain, 2011
Honorary Membership of Spain Bar Association
Member of Jury for Ronald Berger Award
Named a street in Poitier, a city in France, after Shirin Ebadi, 2011
Avicenna Award/ Frankfurt- Germany, May 2012
Prize for International Understanding and Human Rights from Ulrich ZewienerStiftung / Germany, May 2012
Honorary Citizen of Pordenone/ Italy, May 2012
Lifetime Achievement Award/ Association of Muslim Lawyers/ London, October2012
“Novi cives: builders of citizenship” within the XII edition of the “International Festival of History”-
Bologna/ Italy/ October 2015
Honorary Citizen of “Torino di Sangro”/ Italy, May 2016
Honorary Doctorate, Cesar Vallejo University (UCV) November 2016
Eleanor Roosevelt Val-Kill Medal, New York, October 2017
IV Edition of Committed Optimists, Spain, May 2018
Honorary Doctorate, Lleida University, Spain, May 2018
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Home > Tajikistan > ADB Grant $35 mln to Reconnect Tajikistan to the Central Asian Power (...)
ADB Grant $35 mln to Reconnect Tajikistan to the Central Asian Power System
DUSHANBE (ADB press service) — The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has approved a $35 mln grant to reconnect Tajikistan’s electricity system to the Central Asian Power System (CAPS) through interconnection with the Uzbekistan system. This will help expand regional energy trade and improve regional energy efficiency among countries connected to CAPS.
The total cost of the project is $40 ml, with the Government of Tajikistan providing $5 mln. The project will install and upgrade modern relay protection equipment for synchronizing Tajikistan and Uzbekistan’s electricity systems, expand interconnection points, and strengthen Tajikistan’s capacity for stable parallel operation. The project is expected to be completed in 2022.
ADB, through the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) Program, actively promotes regional power trading among central Asian countries and the expansion of power exports to Afghanistan and Pakistan from the region. An interconnected power system in central Asia will benefit all countries, optimize power use, enhance regional energy efficiency, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
CAPS is a regional electricity transmission network created during the Soviet Union era, and its operation today is coordinated among Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, and Tajikistan. In recent decades, power exchange within CAPS has been in progressive decline, and Tajikistan’s disconnection from Uzbekistan in 2009 limited the effectiveness of an interconnected CAPS. However, the signing of a power trade agreement to restart the electricity trade between the two countries in March this year is a step forward for a renewed regional energy network.
“This project will enable Tajikistan to export summer surplus electricity to Uzbekistan and allow for more efficient use of regional energy resources”, said ADB Finance Specialist Mr. Yuki Inoue. “This reconnection signifies a major step towards a full parallel operation with Uzbekistan’s electricity system and CAPS.”
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Breakout Tracks
Welcome Reception
GEOWalk
Closing Celebration
All Sessions Take Place in the New Orleans Ernest N. Morial Convention Center
Lifetime Achievement Award Presentation — K. Stuart Shea, Chairman and CEO, USGIF; and President, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Group, SAIC (8:00a - 8:30a)
Master of Ceremonies — The Honorable Jeffrey K. Harris, Corporate Vice President and Managing Director, Situational Awareness, Lockheed Martin Corp. (8:30a - 8:45a, New Orleans Theater)
Keynote — LTG Ronald L. Burgess Jr., U.S. Army, Director, Defense Intelligence Agency (8:45a - 9:30a, New Orleans Theater)
LTG Ronald L. Burgess Jr. is the Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency. He was commissioned in Military Intelligence through the Auburn University ROTC Program in 1974. He earned a Master of Science degree in Education from the University of Southern California in 1980, and a Master of Military Arts and Science from the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in 1986. His military education includes the Armor Officer Basic Course, the Military Intelligence Officers Advanced Course, the Command and General Staff College, the Advanced Military Studies Program, and the Air War College.
Interoperability Tech Talks (9:00a - 10:30a, Exhibit Hall)
Have you battled through learning, developing and implementing services and solutions using Geospatial open standards? Do you have lessons learned, best practices or just tips and tricks for standing up an OGC compliant Web Processing Service?
Exhibitors and attendees are invited to listen to the Interoperability Tech Talks from 9 to 10 a.m. on Wednesday and Thursday during the GEOINT 2010 Symposium.
Presenters Include:
• 9:00 a.m.: Dave Kolas, Scientist, Raytheon BBN Technologies
• 9:15 a.m.: Edward Lane, ER2 Designated Intelligence Community Element (DICE) PM, NRO & Glenn Cruickshank, ER2 Program, Specialist Leader, Deloitte Consulting LLP
• 9:30 a.m.: Don Self, Chief, Sensor Assimilation Division, Sensor Assimilation Division, NGA
• 9:45 a.m.: Mark Reichardt, President and CEO, Open Geospatial Consortium
• 10:00 a.m.: Dr. Sean Gorman, President and Founder, FortiusOne
Learn more about the Interoperability Tech Talks
Networking Break (9:30a - 10:00a)
GEOINT and MASINT: Operations Other Than War — Introductory Keynote: Mr. Scot Lopp, Deputy Director of Intelligence and Actionable Integration, National Counterproliferation Center, Office of the Director of National Intelligence (10:00a - 12:00p, Room 278)
MASINT and GEOINT together can bring the power of precision science combined with pinpoint accuracy to many activities across the spectrum of civil applications in ways we have never before considered, except in futuristic novels. This breakout session will examine applications, capabilities, potentials, enablers and roadblocks for those scenarios that represent “Operations Other Than War.”
Participants Include:
• Mr. John L. Morris, Chief Scientist, Riverside Research Institute; and James B. Longley, Executive Director, Advanced Technical Intelligence Association
• Barbara Alexander, Director, Collections Requirements Division, Office of Intelligence and Analysis, Department of Homeland Security
• William Bryan, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Infrastructure Security and Energy Restoration, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Department of Energy
• CAPT J. Scott Paradis, U.S. Coast Guard, Chief, Prevention Division, Eight Coast Guard District (dp)
Mastering the Human Domain: Socio-Cultural Intelligence and Analysis — Moderator - Dr. Christopher Tucker, Principal, Yale House Ventures (10:00a - 12:00p, Room 273)
Though we have entered an era of low intensity conflict characterized by population-centric operations, the U.S. national security community is still not organized to provide policymakers, commanders, warfighters and mission partners with a comprehensive grasp of human domain. Whether called human terrain, human geography, activity-based intelligence, etc., the GEOINT community has begun to take steps at organizing and analyzing cultural information geospatially, but to what extent is knowledge of the “human domain” intelligence? Or is it a basic form of “understanding” that forces must have in order to effective in expeditionary security operations? Learn about where we should be going during this session.
• Christopher Tucker, Principal, Yale House Ventures
• Dr. Jerome E. (Jerry) Dobson
• LTC Al Di Leonardo, U.S. Army, U.S. Special Operations Command
• Douglas E. Weinstein, Policy Analyst, Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence
• Elizabeth Lyon, Geographer, Engineer Research and Development Center, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Cyber-Location Nexus — Introductory Keynote - Maj. Gen. Suzanne M. "Zan" Vautrinot, U.S. Air Force, Director of Plans and Policy, U.S. Cyber Command, Fort George G. Meade, Md (10:00a - 12:00p, Room 265)
The real-world, defined in geographic space, has collided with the virtual world leading to a host of complex policy and national security issues. Here, at the cyber-location nexus, bad actors can target infrastructure in particular locations entirely through cyberspace. Natural and man-made disasters in a particular geography hosting critical infrastructure can have profound impacts in cyber-space. How well versed are we at surviving the cyber-location nexus? What actions are being taken to ensure that cyberspace is being mapped geographically? What steps are being taken to geospatially-enable the attribution of bad actors in cyber-space? Do we really know “where” our cyber infrastructure is? Find out the answers to these by attending this session on Thursday afternoon.
• Jeff Jonas, Chief Scientist, IBM Entity Analytics; IBM Distinguished Engineer, IBM Software Group
• Bob Gourley, Founder and Chief Technology Officer, Crucial Point LLC; Editor, CTOvision.com
• John Kelly, Founder and Lead Scientist, Morningside Analytics
Exhibit Hall (11:00a - 5:00p)
Lunchtime Roundtable: Tradecraft Certification — Moderators: Darryl Murdock, Esri and Karen Metzler, Northrop Grumman (12:00p - 2:00p, Room 275)
• Jane Homeyer, Office of the Director of National Intelligence
• Reese Madsen, Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence
• John (Jack) P.K. O’Connor, Chief Learning Officer, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
• Craig Haney, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
Lunch in Exhibit Hall (12:00p - 2:00p, Exhibit Hall)
Keynote — Mr. John C. (Chris) Inglis, Deputy Director, National Security Agency (2:00p - 2:45p, New Orleans Theater)
Mr. John C. Inglis is the 14th Deputy Director of the National Security Agency. As the senior civilian at NSA, Mr. Inglis acts as the Agency’s chief operating officer, guiding and directing strategies and policy, and serves as the principal advisor to the Director. Mr. Inglis returns from London where he served as the Special U.S. Liaison Officer for the past three years contributing greatly to one of the Nation’s longest standing cryptologic partnerships.
Closing Keynote — Gen. James E. Cartwright, U.S. Marine Corps, Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (2:45p - 3:30p, New Orleans Theater)
Exhibit Hall Reception (3:00p - 5:00p, Exhibit Hall)
Jerseys & Jeans Closing Celebration at the Louisiana Superdome — Attire is casual for this event (7:00p - 10:00p, Louisiana Superdome)
The Jerseys & Jeans Closing Celebration at the Louisiana Superdome is a casual evening of fun to close out the week. We invite you to wear your favorite football team’s jersey as we gather on the home field of the Super Bowl XLIV Champion New Orleans Saints.
All are welcome. Come casual and come hungry. Heavy appetizers and plenty of refreshments will keep you going through the night.
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